cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPUTING THE ENERGY BALANCE OF A STATUE OF BRONZE: THE SAN MARCO'S HORSES AS A CASE STUDY

The energy balance is discussed for the complex case of bronze or marble statuary horses and particularly the four horses of San Marco in Venice. Having computed the coefficient of exchange between bronze and the atmosphere, the daytime overheating is evaluated for different seasons and orientations of the statues. The equations can be solved with reasonable approximation and both the past and future overheatings can be evaluated as a function of the growing surface weathering and blackening. Therefore, the present analysis points out the chief characteristics of both the diurnal cycle and the variation over the centuries of the response of the bronzes to atmospheric variables.
Sensory functions of the palps and first tarsi of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae), a predator of the house fly.

The effect of amputations of the palps and tarsi I on the sensory behavior of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli), a mite which is predaceous on house fly, Musca domestica L., eggs and phoretic on adult house flies, was determined. With tarsi I removed, the mites did not attach to house flies and were not attracted to the adults, eggs, or pupae of house flies. With the palps removed, the mites were less mobile than normal, but responded normally to a repellent. It was demonstrated that the palps touch the substrate alternately when the mite is walking. It was concluded that receptors of olfactory stimuli are on tarsi I and receptors of contact stimuli are on the palps.
Ordering and Melting of Block Copolymer Spherical Domains in 2 and 3 Dimensions

We observe that a 2-D single crystalline layer of spherical diblock copolymer domains templated by lateral substrate topology melts via a continuous defect generation process, similar to that predicted by Kosterlitz, Thouless, Halperin, Nelson, and Young. The layer of spheres is allowed to order (or disorder) by annealing for 72 h at a given temperature, T, that corresponds to a given χNmin, where χ is the temperature-dependent Flory−Huggins parameter and Nmin is the number of mers in the minority block. The structure of the layer is revealed by imaging the ion beam etched film using scanning force microscopy. If χNmin > 9, the film is polycrystalline and the system appears to be kinetically trapped. For 9 > χNmin > 7.4, we observe that the film is a single crystal with quasi-long-range order and few defects, as expected for the 2-D crystal. As T is increased further (χNmin is decreased), we observe that defects are generated, predominantly dislocation pairs and other dislocation clusters with no long-ran...
Scanning electron microscopic observations of early stages of phagocytosis of E. coli by human neutrophils.

Changes in surface morphology, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, appear rapidly when human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are challenged with bacteria. Monolayers of PMN adhering to glass were incubated with opsonized E. coli from 5 sec to 10 min, and then fixed and prepared for SEM. As early as 5 sec after phagocytic challenge, E. coli are found in contact with PMN and in the process of engulfment into open cavities formed by lamellipodia. The shape of the mouth of the forming phagocytic vacuole is related to the orientation of bacteria during entry. Bacteria engulfed into early forming phagosomes are surrounded by a large open space between the bacteria and the phagosome wall. As phagocytosis proceeds, the space is reduced and the loose fit around the entering bacteria becomes tight. By 30 sec, bacteria may be completely internalized and by 1 min phagocytized E. coli are packed into bulging PMN. The observations reveal the variability and rapidity of the phagocytic response and confirm the presence of sensitive mechanisms for host defense by PMN.
Theoretical Postulations on Organization Democracy

In previous research the author conducted a narrative examination of the literature on labor-managed firms to discover the nature of “organization democracy.” The result was a broad conceptual framework. This article builds on the framework by offering two theoretical postulations. First, it offers a substantive theoretical postulation that organization democracy is a conflation of political visions that can be represented by Mannheim’s (1936) four utopian images of anarchism, liberalism, conservatism, and radicalism. Second, it offers a formal theoretical postulation that organization democracy is an additional form of legitimate authority to add to Weber’s (1947, 1978) typology. The author proposes “rational-collective” legitimate authority as the fourth form and ends with a two-dimensional representation of the four types of legitimate authority.
A justification of the internal isothermal model for gas-solid catalytic reactions

The commonly employed internal isothermal model for gas-solid catalytic reactions, wherein the pellet is assumed internally isothermal but with internal concentration gradient, is justified by analyzing the full non-isothermal diffusion-reaction equations as an appropriate perturbation problem (β small, and Bih/β finite). The internal isothermal model is shown to be the zeroth order solution of the perturbation problem. Analytic expressions for the first order corrections are given for a first order reaction.
2,4-Pentane N,N′-Bis(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl) ketiminato cobalt (II) (trimethylsilyl)methylene

The title compound [MeLiPrCoCH2Si(CH3)3 MeLiPr = 2,4-pentane-N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) ketiminato] possesses trigonal planar geometry and crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with crystal cell parameters a = 10.6155(14) A, b = 21.279(3) A, c = 14.8057(19) A, β = 97.196(2)°, V = 3,318.1(7) A3, and Z = 4. The title compound is the second reported three coordinated 13 valence electron Co(II) alkyl complex and the first such complex reported with an asymmetrically bonded alkyl group. The steric effects are discussed in comparison of known similar structures of Fe, Co, and Zn. The title compound [MeLiPrCoCH2Si(CH3)3 MeLiPr = 2,4-pentane N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) ketiminato] is a three coordinated 13 valence electron Co(II) complex with the alkyl group (R = (trimethylsilyl)methylene), with an asymmetrically bonded alkyl group. The steric effects are discussed in comparison of known similar structures of Fe, Co, and Zn.
Notch signaling differentially regulates Atoh7 and Neurog2 in the distal mouse retina

Notch signaling regulates basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors as an evolutionarily conserved module, but the tissue-specific mechanisms are incompletely elucidated. In the mouse retina, bHLH genes Atoh7 and Neurog2 have distinct functions, with Atoh7 regulating retinal competence and Neurog2 required for progression of neurogenesis. These transcription factors are extensively co-expressed, suggesting similar regulation. We directly compared Atoh7 and Neurog2 regulation at the earliest stages of retinal neurogenesis in a broad spectrum of Notch pathway mutants. Notch1 and Rbpj normally block Atoh7 and Neurog2 expression. However, the combined activities of Notch1, Notch3 and Rbpj regulate Neurog2 patterning in the distal retina. Downstream of the Notch complex, we found the Hes1 repressor mediates Atoh7 suppression, but Hes1, Hes3 and Hes5 do not regulate Neurog2 expression. We also tested Notch-mediated regulation of Jag1 and Pax6 in the distal retina, to establish the appropriate context for Neurog2 patterning. We found that Notch1;Notch3 and Rbpj block co-expression of Jag1 and Neurog2, while specifically stimulating Pax6 within an adjacent domain. Our data suggest that Notch signaling controls the overall tempo of retinogenesis, by integrating cell fate specification, the wave of neurogenesis and the developmental status of cells ahead of this wave.
Acceptance-Enhanced Behavior Therapy for Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Case Series

Abstract Excoriation disorder (ExD) involves habitual skin picking that causes significant tissue damage and psychosocial impairment. ExD is largely understudied, and efficacious treatments have yet to be established. Preliminary evidence suggests that habit reversal is a promising intervention for ExD and that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) techniques may further enhance the efficacy of habit reversal. This report details treatment of ExD in four adults using a combination of habit reversal and ACT, termed acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT). Three of four patients experienced a clear decrease in ExD symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment. Clinical considerations and directions for future research are discussed.
Estimation of an overidentified equation in an econometric model by the method of generalized least squares

As a mathematical preliminary we first prove by construction in Section III, that there always exists a matrix B of the form mxn and of rank r, which has the shortest Euclidean distance from a given matrix A of the form m×n and of rank greater than or equal to r. B may be called the rank r nearest Euclidean neighbour of the matrix A. This result becomes handy in Section IV where we show how to estimate the coefficiants of an overidentified equation of an econometric model, by the model of generalized least squares. Linear estimation appropriate for a multivariate linear model is first used to estimate the coefficients of the matrix A of an econometic model in its reduced form Next, these estimators are used to derive the estimators of the coefficients of the overidentified equation together with improved estimtators of the coefficients of the matrix A. Although presented in the context of econometrics, the statistical model and the estimation procedure will fit in in other areas of research as well.
Nitrous Oxide Regimens More Effective than Midazolam for Reducing Distress during Laceration Repair in Young Children. • 382

Nitrous Oxide Regimens More Effective than Midazolam for Reducing Distress during Laceration Repair in Young Children. • 382
Backbone Amide Linker (BAL) Strategy for Solid-Phase Synthesis of C-Terminal-Modified and Cyclic Peptides1,2,3

Peptide targets for synthesis are often desired with C-terminal end groups other than the more usual acid and amide functionalities. Relatively few routes exist for synthesis of C-terminal-modified peptidesincluding cyclic peptidesby either solution or solid-phase methods, and known routes are often limited in terms of ease and generality. We describe here a novel Backbone Amide Linker (BAL) approach, whereby the growing peptide is anchored through a backbone nitrogen, thus allowing considerable flexibility in management of the termini. Initial efforts on BAL have adapted the chemistry of the tris(alkoxy)benzylamide system exploited previously with PAL anchors. Aldehyde precursors to PAL, e.g. 5-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid, were reductively coupled to the α-amine of the prospective C-terminal amino acid, which was blocked as a tert-butyl, allyl, or methyl ester, or to the appropriately protected C-terminal-modified amino acid derivative. These reductive aminations were carried out either i...
A Factorial Analysis of Pituitary-Gonad-Comb Relationships in the Chick 2. Action of Pregnant-Mare-Serum and Testosterone-Propionate on the Growth of the Pituitary and Gonad

Abstract THE application of the statistical technique of factorial analysis to endocrine experiments was outlined in the first paper of this series, Breneman (1951). The factorial experiment was developed by the administration of pregnant-mare-serum (P.M.S.) and testosterone-propionate (T.P.) separately and in combination to unoperated chicks, unilaterally-castrated chicks, and capons. The data previously considered were those related to the factors which influence androgen production in chicks, and several important features of testicular secretion in the chick were demonstrated by the factorial analysis. First, the single testis of the unilaterally-castrated fowl secretes considerable androgen, but much less than secreted by the two gonads of unoperated chick. Second, the secretory activity of the single testis is increased only slightly by P.M.S. Third, there is an inhibition of the effect of the P.M.S. as a result of simultaneous administration of T.P. Fourth, the capon combs demonstrated a relatively greater response to T.P. than did those . . .
On the virial expansion treatment of physical adsorption

Abstract A statistical mechanical theory of solutions is used to obtain an expression for the adsorption potential and for the Gibbs isotherm equation. A virial expansion is developed and its coefficients are shown to be dependent upon a “potential of average force”, as in the McMillan-Mayer theory of solutions. The treatment is valid for non-porous, porous and swelling substrates.
Reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing ferrihydrite

Abstract Ferrihydrites were prepared by coprecipitation (COP) or adsorption (ADS) of arsenate, and the products were characterized using solid-state methods. In addition, the kinetics of reductive dissolution by hydroquinone of these well-characterized materials were quantified. Characterization and magnetism results indicate that the 10 wt% As COP ferrihydrite is less crystalline and possibly has smaller crystallite size than the other ferrihydrites, which all have similar crystallinity and particle size. The results from reductive dissolution experiments show similar reaction rates, reaction mechanism, and activation energy for ferrihydrite precipitated with or without added arsenate. However, a marked decrease in reactivity was observed for 10 wt% As ADS ferrihydrite. The decrease is not attributed to differences in activation energy but rather the preferential blocking of active sites on the ferrihydrite surface. Results demonstrate that arsenic may be released by the reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing ferrihydrite regardless of whether the arsenic is coprecipitated with or adsorbed onto the ferrihydrite. However, under these reaction conditions, release from materials with adsorbed arsenate greatly exceeds that from materials with coprecipitated arsenate. In fact, a considerable amount of arsenic was released from the 10 wt% ADS ferrihydrite before reductive dissolution was initiated. Therefore, the characterization of arsenate-bearing iron oxide materials to determine the method of arsenate incorporation into structures—perhaps by quantification of Fe–Fe coordination with EXAFS spectroscopy—may lead to improved predictions of the large-scale release of arsenic within aquifer systems under reducing conditions.
Technology integrated classes versus traditional classes and their impact on user performance and perceptions

In this paper, the results of two studies conducted to assess the impact on student performance and perceptions, of different types of technology integration into a graduate, introductory, information systems course versus traditional classroom lectures, are presented. The results indicate that regardless of which technology was employed, the acquisition of team building skills were perceived to be better supported than they were in the strictly lecture format. On the other hand, analytical skills were deemed better supported when a combination of technologies were integrated.
Effects of Interpregnancy Interval on Blood Pressure in Consecutive Pregnancies

The lower risk of preeclampsia observed in parous women has prompted a hypothesis that cardiovascular adaptation from a first pregnancy has ongoing benefits which contribute to a reduced risk of preeclampsia in the second pregnancy. However, how the interpregnancy interval affects mean arterial pressure (MAP) as an indicator of cardiovascular adaptation in subsequent pregnancies has not been well studied. The authors examined the effect of interpregnancy interval on MAP in consecutive pregnancies using data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1965) and a semiparametric random-effects regression model. Prenatal MAP measurements were available for 533 women with both first and second births. MAP was lower in the second pregnancy (by approximately 2 mmHg) for very short interpregnancy intervals. However, this difference diminished when the interval increased, and it totally disappeared for intervals longer than 2 years. The authors conclude that although MAP is lower in the second pregnancy than in the first pregnancy, the effect persists for only a short time. It is therefore unlikely that mechanisms involving MAP as an indicator of cardiovascular adaptation contribute appreciably to the reduced risk of preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies. However, it does not rule out the possibility that other mechanisms of cardiovascular adaptation persist longer.
Medulloblastoma Stem Cells

Medulloblastoma and other embronal brain tumors are similar in appearance and differentiation potential to neural stem and progenitor cells. Expression studies performed using human tumor samples, as well as the analysis of murine transgenic models, suggest that both multipotent cerebellar stem cells and lineage-restricted progenitors of the external germinal layer can be transformed into medulloblastoma by genetic alterations. These molecular changes frequently involve constitutive activation of signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch, which play a key role in non-neoplastic neural stem cells. Pharmacologic blockade of the Hedgehog and Notch pathways suppresses the growth of medulloblastoma in culture and in vivo and may prove effective in targeting the small cancer stem-cell subpopulation required for tumor initiation and long-term propagation.
Quantitative evaluation of an energy-based scatter correction using planar Rollo phantom images

An energy-based scatter correction for SPECT and planar images is quantitatively evaluated using measured Rollo phantom data. The correction relies on model fits to the energy spectra at each pixel in a given projection image. For analysis purposes, a numerical model of the Rollo phantom is employed to construct a projection image corresponding to that expected from an ideal imaging system. This is then convolved with the measured spatial point response (in air) of the actual imaging system to produce a realistic estimate of the scatter-free image. Summary statistics derived from comparisons between this image and the raw and scatter-corrected images are extremely reliable quantitative measures of the detrimental effects of scatter. Position and energy (xyE) list mode data were acquired for several isotopes, each with 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm of Lucite intervening between the phantom and the collimator face to induce varying amounts of scatter. Analysis of the /sup 99m/Tc and /sup 201/Tl data demonstrates a significant improvement in quantitation for high count images as well as for images of clinical count densities. >
Conrad’s Commentary

UT ASSERIT AUGUSTINUS in libro suo De Anima, “ad hoc creatur anima ut summum bonum intelligeret, intelligendo diligeret, diligendo possi-deret, possidendo eterna gloria frueretur.” Huic consonat hoc quod dicit Anselmus in libro Fontis Vite, “finis totius humane generationis est ut ad mundum ascendat altiorem et ad seculum prescientiarum valeat pervenire.” Est autem mundus altior, ut innuit Plato in Thimeo, “mundus archithipus in mente divina latens ad cuius similitudinem iste mundus sensibilis est fabricatus.” Et hoc est quod dicit Boethius in libro De Consolatione Philosophie, in quodam metro sic alloquens creatorem: O qui perpetua mundum ratione gubernas Terrarum celique sator qui tempus ab evo Ire iubes stabilisque manens das [cuncta] movere, et subiungit, Ducis ab exemploa pulcherrimus ipse Mundum mente gerens similique [in] ymagine formans.
Depth Zonation, Micro habitat, and Morphology of Three Species of Acanthemblemaria (Pisces: Blennioidea) in the Guif of California, Mexico

. The utilization of the spatial resources of refuge type, size and depth placement is investigated in the three sympatric species of Acanthemblemaria at the cape region of Baja California, Mexico. A. balanorum occupies barnacle testes (Balanus tintinnabulum), A. macrospilus occupies barnacles and mollusk tubes (vermetid gastropods and pholadids), and A. crockeri occupies only mollusk tubes (pholadids). Refuge diameter overlap is higher than overlap in depth. A. crockeri consistently occupies depths below 5m. Competition experiments for barnacle refuges among the three species indicate that A. balanorum is a superior competitor for such refuges. Prior residency of a less superior species changes the outcome of refuge competition in its favor. The morphological specialization of A. balanorum and A. macrospilus is evident in a high correlation between head size and standard length. A. balanorum selects refuges with entrance diameters highly correlated to standard length.
Power quality issues and their mitigation at a man-made fibre plant

Supply side and user side power quality problems have a large influence on the uptime of spinning plants. This application paper covers some of the concerns and the means to overcome the problems. In general stored energy is used to ride through the disturbance or the system is automatically restarted once the disturbance is over.
Dishonesty, Indifference, or Carelessness in Souvenir Shop Transactions

Abstract A field experiment involved the observation of souvenir shop transactions in Salzburg, Austria. An overpay and an underpay condition were introduced to determine if dishonesty, indifference, or carelessness played a factor in the cashier's keeping incorrect change. Female cashiers were found to be more likely to keep the change when overpaid by female confederates than by male confederates. Dishonesty, defined as keeping overpaid change that was counted, occurred in 26% of the cases. Indifference, defined as not requesting additional money when underpaid change was counted, occurred in 22% of the cases. Carelessness, defined as failing to count the change given when overpaid or underpaid, occurred in 37.5% of the cases. The findings suggest that carelessness and indifference should be considered as relevant variables when studying dishonesty in the marketplace.
A High-Rel Embedded Ferroelectric Memory

An 8 Kbit ferroelectric nonvolatile memory (FeRAM) has been designed and fabricated for embedded memory applications requiring high reliability operation such as space and radio frequency identification (RFID). It features a wide operating supply range of 2.7-3.6 V, operating temperature range of -60degC to +125degC, and robust memory cell data protection. The memory write and read cycle time is programmable to as short as 90 ns with an access time of 60 ns. Typical power consumption per cycle is 7.6 mW. Energy consumption per cycle is 0.94 nJ. The silicon area used is 0.28 mm2 for 0.35 mum design rules.
OUTSOURCING: TRANSACTION COST ECONOMICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT†

This article examines outsourcing from the transaction cost economics (TCE) perspective. The transaction is made the basic unit of analysis and the procurement decision, as between make and buy, is made (principally) with reference to a transaction cost economizing purpose. As sketched herein, the ease of contracting varies with the attributes of the transaction, with special emphasis on whether preserving continuity between a particular buyer–seller pair is the source of added value. The basic regularity is this: as bilateral dependency builds up, the efficient governance of contractual relations progressively moves from simple market exchange to hybrid contracting (with credibility supports) to hierarchy. This last corresponds to the “make” decision, which, as viewed from the TCE perspective, is viewed as the organization form of last resort. The article successively describes the lens of contract approach to economic organization, the operationalization of TCE, different styles of outsourcing, qualifications to the foregoing and the main lessons of TCE for the supply chain literature.
Structural Characterization of Lanthanum Chromite Perovskite Coating Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering on an Iron-Based Chromium-Containing Alloy as a Promising Interconnect Material for SOFCs

Chromium-containing stainless steel (SS) is a prospective material for use as an interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, during operations at high temperatures, the growth of oxide scales causes the performance of the interconnect and SOFC as a whole to deteriorate. The coating of SS 446 with a conducting perovskite is a potential method of slowing the growth of oxide scale and, therefore, improving overall SOFC performance. In the present research, the structural characterization of a pure LaCrO3 thin film on the SS 446 substrates has been performed as a model material that can be used as a barrier coating for the metallic interconnect. The deposition of an amorphous La-Cr-O thin film on SS 446 was performed using radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. The deposited amorphous film was annealed in air to form the desired perovskite phase. The film underwent an amorphous to LaCrO4 phase transition during annealing at 500°C with further transformation to LaCrO3 orthorhombic phase during annealing at 700°C. A self-organized dendritic structure was reported as a result of the perovskite-phase formation. Although formation of various oxides, such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, was observed during the annealing of uncoated SS 446 in air, the coating of SS 446 surface with LaCrO3 film prevented formation of various oxide phases at the interconnect surface. The structural characterization of the films and SS 446 surfaces was accomplished using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffractometry, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation.
Modeling the effect of shock unsteadiness in shock/ turbulent boundary-layer interactions

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods often cannot predict shock/turbulence interaction correctly. This may be because RANS models do not account for the unsteady motion of the shock wave that is inherent in these interactions. Previous work proposed a shock-unsteadiness correction that significantly improves prediction of turbulent kinetic energy amplification across a normal shock in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. We generalize the modification to shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions and implement it in the κ-e, κ-ω, and Spalart-Allmaras models. In compression-comer flows, the correction decreases the turbulent kinetic energy amplification across the shock compared to the standard κ-e and κ-w models. This results in improved prediction of the separation shock location, delayed reattachment, and slower recovery of the boundary layer on the ramp. For the Spalart-Allmaras model, the modification amplifies eddy viscosity across the shock, moving the separation location closer to the experiment.
Sex cycles and other cyclic phenomena in a chimpanzee during adolescence, maturity, and pregnancy

The sex cycles of a chimpanzee were studied for 18 months, during which the animal matured, menstruated four times, conceived, and delivered. Pronounced swelling of the ano-genital region appeared periodically prior to the first menstruation. During menstrual cycles the swelling endured during most of the period between flows. Genital swelling was always accompanied by estrus; copulation and insemination never occurred during its absence. The animal was alert and active when in estrus, demonstrated non-sexual affection for the male just prior to the flow, and appeared to be physically distressed during the first days of each flow. There were periodic weight changes coordinated with the animal's menstrual cycles. During pregnancy menstruation ceased, but genital swelling, with accompanying sexual receptivity, continued in irregular cycles. Cyclic changes in the desquamation of the vaginal epithelium occurred during menstrual cycles, were absent during pregnancy. The gestation period was approximately 246 days. At death from puerperal sepsis, 15 days after delivery, the ovaries were in a restin stage, one of them bearing a degenerating corpus luteum. The evidence given indicates that sex-skin swelling and estrus are similarly controlled, but may occur independently of menstruation, cornification of the vaginal epithelium, or ovulation.
MBoC5: the Revolver edition

It has been 25 years since the first edition of Molecular Biology of the Cell (MBoC) was published, which means that roughly half of today's practicing scientists do not remember life without this cell biology `bible'. The other half might recall how the book almost instantly filled a void with
Broadening Sources of Dignity and Affirmation in Work and Relationship

This article builds on assertions in Richardson’s (2012, this issue) Major Contribution on counseling for work and relationship. In this reaction, I expand on the relevance and potential of the counseling for work and relationship perspective to enrich the field of counseling psychology. My comments focus on three considerations to further extend the cultural relevance of Richardson’s work and relationship perspective: (1) broadening sources of dignity, (2) centering knowledge of marginalized communities, and (3) promoting psychologists’ critical consciousness. Richardson’s perspective holds great promise for being a guiding heuristic to inform counseling psychology research, theory, and practice.
Object-based SCM: An efficient interface for Storage Class Memories

Storage Class Memory (SCM) has become increasingly popular in enterprise systems as well as embedded and mobile systems. However, replacing hard drives with SCMs in current storage systems often forces either major changes in file systems or suboptimal performance, because the current block-based interface does not deliver enough information to the device to allow it to optimize data management for specific device characteristics such as the out-of-place update. To alleviate this problem and fully utilize different characteristics of SCMs, we propose the use of an object-based model that provides the hardware and firmware the ability to optimize performance for the underlying implementation, and allows drop-in replacement for devices based on new types of SCM. We discuss the design of object-based SCMs and implement an object-based flash memory prototype. By analyzing different design choices for several subsystems, such as data placement policies and index structures, we show that our object-based model provides comparable performance to other flash file systems while enabling advanced features such as object-level reliability.
Runtime verification of authorization hook placement for the linux security modules framework

We present runtime tools to assist the Linux community in verifying the correctness of the Linux Security Modules (LSM) framework. The LSM framework consists of a set of authorization hooks inserted into the Linux kernel to enable additional authorizations to be performed (e.g., for mandatory access control). When compared to system call interposition, authorization within the kernel has both security and performance advantages, but it is more difficult to verify that placement of the LSM hooks ensures that all the kernel's security-sensitive operations are authorized. We have examined both static and runtime analysis techniques for this verification, and have found them to be complementary. Static analysis is more complex to implement and tends to generate more false positives, but coverage of all type-safe execution paths is possible. Runtime analysis lacks the code and input coverage of static analysis, but tends to be simpler to gather useful information. The major simplifying factor in our runtime verification approach is that we can leverage the fact that most of the LSM hooks are properly placed to identify misplaced hooks. Our runtime verification tools collect the current LSM authorizations and find inconsistencies in these authorizations. We describe our approach for performing runtime verification, the design of the tools that implement this approach, and the anomalous situations found in an LSM-patched Linux 2.4.16 kernel.
Measurement parameter evaluation for prescans as part of radiated EMI measurements

Preliminary field strength measurements, also known as prescans, are an integral part of most radiated EMI measurements and serve a number of different purposes. In almost all applications, these type of tests are used to quickly obtain information about the frequency spectrum emitted by the equipment under test (EUT). In order to minimize measurement time, peak detection is usually used instead of quasi-peak or average detection which is called out in most commercial EMI regulations. A measurement system consisting of a swept EMI receiver with a real-time display, dedicated control software, and necessary accessories is best suited for this task. It rapidly acquires spectral information, provides both graphical and tabular representation of test results and gives an insight to characteristics of emissions from the EUT. Achieving the highest measurement speed is one of the most important goals when executing prescans. However, there are tradeoffs to be made which might affect frequency uncertainty, receiver display frequency resolution, display detection mode, antenna tower and turntable movement. This paper discusses the significance of these test parameters for prescan and their impact on measurement time and efficiency.
Coactivator recruitment is essential for liganded thyroid hormone receptor to initiate amphibian metamorphosis

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) can repress or activate target genes depending on the absence or presence of thyroid hormone (T3), respectively. This hormone-dependent gene regulation is mediated by recruitment of corepressors in the absence of T3 and coactivators in its presence. Many TR-interacting coactivators have been characterized in vitro. In comparison, few studies have addressed the developmental roles of these cofactors in vivo. We have investigated the role of coactivators in transcriptional activation by TR during postembryonic tissue remodeling by using amphibian metamorphosis as a model system. We have previously shown that steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) is expressed and upregulated during metamorphosis, suggesting a role in gene regulation by liganded TR. Here, we have generated transgenic tadpoles expressing a dominant negative form of SRC3 (F-dnSRC3). The transgenic tadpoles exhibited normal growth and development throughout embryogenesis and premetamorphic stages. However, transgenic expression of F-dnSRC3 inhibits essentially all aspects of T3-induced metamorphosis, as well as natural metamorphosis, leading to delayed or arrested metamorphosis or the formation of tailed frogs. Molecular analysis revealed that F-dnSRC3 functioned by blocking the recruitment of endogenous coactivators to T3 target genes without affecting corepressor release, thereby preventing the T3-dependent gene regulation program responsible for tissue transformations during metamorphosis. Our studies thus demonstrate that coactivator recruitment, aside from corepressor release, is required for T3 function in development and further provide the first example where a specific coactivator-dependent gene regulation pathway by a nuclear receptor has been shown to underlie specific developmental events.
Phototransduction: crystal clear

Vertebrate visual phototransduction represents one of the best-characterized G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Structural analyses of rhodopsin, G protein, arrestin and several other phototransduction components have revealed common folds and motifs that are important for function. Static and dynamic information has been acquired through the application of X-ray diffraction, solution and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy's, electron and atomic force microscopy's, and a host of indirect structural methods. A comprehensive understanding of phototransduction requires further structural work on individual components and their relevant complexes in solution and the native disk membrane. Given the accelerated pace of structure determination, it is anticipated that this will be the first G-protein-coupled pathway for which a complete molecular description is ultimately available.
Wave Ducting in a Stratified Shear Flow over a Two-Dimensional Mountain. Part II: Implications for the Development of High-Drag States for Severe Downslope Windstorms

Abstract In this study, it is found that the discrepancies among earlier studies of severe downslope windstorms are caused by the use of the critical level height (zc), instead of the low-level uniform flow–layer depth (z1), as an indicator to determine the optimal conditions for the occurrence of high-drag states. It is determined that once the wave breaking occurs, it induces a critical level and establishes a flow configuration favorable for wave ducting in the lower uniform wind layer, which determines the phase of reflected waves. Flow regimes of high- and low-drag states for a two-dimensional, nonrotating flow with uniform static stability and a basic-state critical level over a mountain were also determined as functions of nondimensional mountain height (h), Richardson number (Ri), and nondimensional z1 in the terrain-following coordinates (σ1). The authors found that 1) the critical h for high-drag state increases as Ri increases when σ1 is fixed, 2) the critical h for high-drag state increas...
Open Borders, Intellectual Property, & Federal Criminal Trade Secret Law

The mobility of skilled labor across firms has been identified as an important source of regional advantage. Scholars have shown how cultural, economic, and legal conditions (such as the nonenforceability of covenants not to compete) affect the development of high tech sectors that are geographically concentrated. This paper explores to what extent these theories are applicable to the movement of skilled labor across national borders. This inquiry is relevant because the United States enacted the Economic Espionage Act in 1996, and this Act has been used to prosecute non-US skilled workers for theft of trade secret. The Act has application to mobility within the United States as well. To what extent are justifications for the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 mitigated by its effects on labor mobility and the accompanying transfer of knowledge and technology? This paper addresses this question through a theoretical discussion of international trade and mobility of labor and knowledge across borders and an assessment of the case law under the Economic Espionage Act. The author criticizes the Act because of its effect on the transfer of knowledge and makes the case for open borders to promote the mobility of knowledge. Several policy implications are drawn for limits on the Economic Espionage Act, including extraterritorial application of state trade secret law and federal patent law.
Child Find Practices in Christian Schools.

The 1997 Amendments of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) states that children placed in private schools by their parents are no longer afforded the right to special education services. However, IDEA does state that child find activities between public school representatives and private schools are to remain intact. This study used an open-ended questionnaire design in order to understand Christian school representatives' perspectives regarding current child find practices.
Body Measurements on 100 Negro Males from Tuskegee Institute

(1942). Body Measurements on 100 Negro Males from Tuskegee Institute. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 275-279.
Alpha-7 nicotinic agonist improves cognition in schizophrenia.

ABSTRACT FROM: Keefe RS, Meltzer HA, Dgetluck N, et al . Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of encenicline, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, as a treatment for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015;40:3053–60. The cognitive impairments that are common in schizophrenia are associated with impairments across multiple domains, including attention/vigilance, verbal learning and memory, executive functioning, verbal fluency, and speed of processing. As a result, they are targets for drug development. There is a clear need for pharmacological agents that target cognitive impairment in schizophrenia for which there are currently no approved medications. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 receptors) have been shown to play an important role in cognition in animals and humans. Encenicline is an agonist exhibiting priming behaviour at the α7 receptor by potentiating the response to the natural agonist acetylcholine (ACh). Encenicline may work as a neuromodulator, with its impact on cognition mediated in part by modulating multiple …
Epidemiology of Global Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Qualitative Review.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition affecting children all over the world, and represents a global public health concern. It is unclear how geopolitical, societal, and ethnic differences may influence the nature of TBI among children. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted incorporating studies with hospital-, regional-, or country-specific pediatric TBI epidemiology data published between 1995-2015. Incidence, age, severity, mechanism of injury, and other relevant injury characteristics were extracted and compared across diverse geographic regions. RESULTS: Thirty articles met inclusion criteria, incorporating TBI data from more than 165,000 children on 5 continents. The worldwide incidence of pediatric TBI ranges broadly and varies greatly by country, with most reporting a range between 47-280 per 100,000 children. Over the age of 3, male children suffered higher rates of TBI than females. A bimodal age distribution is often described, with very young children (0-2 years) and adolescents (15-18) more commonly injured. Mild TBI (GCS ≥ 13) constitutes more than 80% of injuries, and up to 90% of all injuries are associated with negative imaging. Only a small fraction (CONCLUSIONS: TBI is a relatively common entity stretching across traditional geographic and demographic boundaries, and affecting pediatric populations worldwide. Continued civil infrastructure development and public health policy reforms may help to reduce the societal burden of pediatric TBI.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
Relationships among South American Phyllotine Rodents Based on Chromosome Analysis

Study of karyotypes of almost all species of Phyllotis ( sensu stricto ) and of related genera indicates that Chinchillula , Andinomys , Neotomys , Eligmodontia , and Reithrodon are monotypic genera related to Phyllotis. Graomys ( griseoflavus and domorum ) and Auliscomys (pictus , sublimis , and holiviensis ) are given generic rank. Within the genus Phyllotis , species rank is recognized for haggardi , gerbillus , amicus , darwini , caprinus , magister , wolffsohni , definitus , andium , and osilae . Chromosomal evolution within Phyllotis seems to have progressed from 2n = 70, represented now only by osilae , to 2n = 38, represented by darwini and its close relatives.
Slash and Trash: Dendroarchaeological and Ecological Inferences from a Twentieth-Century Logging Camp in Western New Mexico

Logging related sites and features are relatively common in forested areas of the western United States. Such sites are typically investigated through site mapping and artifact recording, and if possible, oral history. We present the results of a dendroarchaeological investigation of a small-scale unauthorized logging site in western New Mexico, US. The results provide information on the economic and social forces that created the site, as well as the scale of activities conducted there. We suggest that individuals quickly responded to improved lumber market conditions and changes in public land administration to exploit what had been an economically marginal timber stand.
Improved neutron capture cross section of Pu 239

The Pu($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) cross section has been measured over the energy range 10 eV to 1 keV using the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center as part of a campaign to produce precision ($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) measurements on Pu. Fission coincidences were measured with a parallel-plate avalanche counter and used to measure the prompt fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum in this region to accurately characterize background. The resulting ($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) cross section is generally in agreement with current evaluations. The experimental method utilizes much more detailed information than past measurements on Pu and can be used to extend the measurement to higher incident neutron energies.
Understanding Religious Conversion

Religious conversion provides converts with an opportunity to embrace a community of faith and a philosophy that nurture and guide, that offer a focus for loyalty and a framework for action. Whether the conversion is from one religious tradition to another, from one denomination to another, from no involvement to participation in a religious community, or is an intensification of commitment within one's faith, the process can be complex but compelling and transformative. In this book Lewis Rambo discusses the dynamics of conversion, presenting it as a multifaceted process of change with personal, cultural, social, and religious implications. Drawing on insights from psychology, sociology, anthropology, history, theology, and missiology, as well as on interviews with converts from disparate backgrounds, Rambo explores the forces that shape the conversion experience. He considers various theories of conversion, examines the role of cultural and social factors in the conversion process, and describes how different religions and disciplines view conversion. While acknowledging the individual nature of each conversion experience, Rambo discerns stages that are illuminating. These include opening oneself to new options; seeking a resolution to the dilemma or deprivation that makes change seem attractive; meeting the agent who embodies the religious vision; learning new roles, rituals, and rhetoric; and committing oneself to a new way of life. His book will not only encourage empathy for the converting process but will also provide a nuanced strategy of critique and evaluation of religious conversion throughout the world.
Status survey of patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province

Objective To grasp the situation of patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Xinghua city, and to providesome basis for scientific management and government rescue. Methods In accordance with national standard, epidemiologyinvestigation and medical examination in registered and new patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Xinghua city in 2008-2013 were carried out. These schistosomiasi patients were classified into four types: the giant spleen type, ascitic type, colonproliferative type and dwarf type according to Schistosomiasis Control Manual of Department of Disease Control, Ministry ofHealth, P. R. China. Results There were 73 registered patients with advanced schistosomiasis including 62 giant spleentype cases, 10 ascitic type, and 1 colon proliferative type. There were 7 deaths including 3 natural deaths(42.86%), 2liver cancer deaths(28.57%), and 2 liver cirrhosis deaths(28.57%). 66 patients with advanced schistosomiasis were surviavaland all giant spleen type including 57 cured patients(86.36%), 7 patients in stable condition(10.61%), and 2 cases needed tobe treated(3.03%). The youngest patient was 44, the oldest was 87 and the average age was 68.53 years old, age compositionwas mainly 71-80(42.42%). There were 62 cases from non-schistosomiasis epidemic township(93.94%), and only 4 cases fromschistosomiasis epidemic township(6.06%). Conclusions Most patients with advanced schistosomiasis were inbasically stable conditions, and the age of patients showed aging tendency. And Multidisciplinary synthetic therapy be adoptedin severe patients with advanced schistosomiasis as well as national assistance.