cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal and soluble protein synthesis during a nutritional shift-up. Influence of cyclic AMP on β-galactosidase activity

Abstract During the first 20 min of a nutritional shift-up in Escherichia coli the ratio of ribosomal protein to soluble protein synthesis is increased to a level four times that characteristic of balanced growth. To determine whether this exaggerated synthesis of ribosomal protein imposed any restrictions on the formation of soluble protein the induced synthesis of β-galactosidase was measured. Continuous synthesis of the enzyme was observed in the presence of 10 mM cyclic AMP which overcame the catabolite repression encountered in the shift-up medium. Studies on the influence of cyclic AMP upon the synthesis of ribosomal and total soluble protein revealed the cyclic nucleotides had no effect upon ribosomal protein synthesis while producing a marginal increase in the soluble protein formation. These investigations suggest that the exaggerated production of ribosomal protein during a shift-up does not restrict the synthesis of soluble protein. Induction of β-galactosidase during a shift-up at suboptimal concentrations of cyclic AMP (5 mM) resulted in a discontinuous pattern of enzyme synthesis in a wild-type strain of E. coli. Studies with a phosphodiesterase-less mutant indicated that in the presence of 5 mM cyclic AMP the synthesis of β-galactosidase was continuous. The addition of theophylline, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, to cells possessing an active phosphodiesterase increased the yield of β-galactosidase at 5 mM cyclic AMP. These studies indicate that during a nutritional shift-up, when transient catabolite repression is effective, the activity of phosphodiesterase is implicated in regulating the synthesis of β-galactosidase.
Complex interactions between climate change and toxicants: evidence that temperature variability increases sensitivity to cadmium

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that global climate change will have significant impacts on environmental conditions including potential effects on sensitivity of organisms to environmental contaminants. The objective of this study was to test the climate-induced toxicant sensitivity (CITS) hypothesis in which acclimation to altered climate parameters increases toxicant sensitivity. Adult Physa pomilia snails were acclimated to a near optimal 22 °C or a high-normal 28 °C for 28 days. After 28 days, snails from each temperature group were challenged with either low (150 μg/L) or high (300 μg/L) cadmium at each temperature (28 or 22 °C). In contrast to the CITS hypothesis, we found that acclimation temperature did not have a strong influence on cadmium sensitivity except at the high cadmium test concentration where snails acclimated to 28 °C were more cadmium tolerant. However, snails that experienced a switch in temperature for the cadmium challenge, regardless of the switch direction, were the most sensitive to cadmium. Within the snails that were switched between temperatures, snails acclimated at 28 °C and then exposed to high cadmium at 22 °C exhibited significantly greater mortality than those snails acclimated to 22 °C and then exposed to cadmium at 28 °C. Our results point to the importance of temperature variability in increasing toxicant sensitivity but also suggest a potentially complex cost of temperature acclimation. Broadly, the type of temporal stressor exposures we simulated may reduce overall plasticity in responses to stress ultimately rendering populations more vulnerable to adverse effects.
Monoclonal Antibody Detection of Laminin in Minor Salivary Glands of Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome

The potential roles of the basement membrane proteins, laminin and fibronectin, and the cytoskeletal protein, tubulin, were assessed in the pathogenesis of Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) by comparing their expressions in SS with normal labial salivary gland (LSG) tissue. Laminin, fibronectin and tubulin expression were determined using well characterized monoclonal antibodies in the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique on formalin-fixed LSG's from patients with SS and normal controls. Characteristic periductal staining for laminin occurred in the LSG's of 14/18 SS patients scored by one observer and 16/18 scored by the second observer. Staining of LSG's for laminin occurred in 2/35 control specimens consisting of 15 normal LSG's and 20 inflammatory lesions with attached normal LSG. The staining which occurred in the two controls was diffuse and 'non-specific' in one case, and indistinguishable from the characteristic periductal staining found in SS in the other case. Among the 20 controls containing inflammatory lesions, four showed diffuse staining for laminin within the actual lesion, but the adjacent LSG's did not stain. No statistically significant difference between SS and normal tissues stained by anti-fibronectin and anti-tubulin was observed. The study concluded that there was an increase in laminin or a laminin-like substance on salivary ductal epithelia of SS patients. This suggests a potential role for laminin in the pathologic mechanism and may indicate that increased laminin expression is a marker for SS.
The Uighurs of the Kazakstan borderlands: Migration and the nation

One of the most important characteristics of the newly independent republic of Kazakstan is the multinational nature of its population. In addition to the members of the titular Kazak nationality, numerous Slavic, Turkic, and other peoples have made, or have been forced to make, Kazakstan their home. Most of these peoples, with the exception of the Kazaks, could be characterized as diasporas. However, the Uighurs, a Turkic Muslim people living in Kazakstan, are not a standard example of a diaspora. Unlike many of Kazakstan's diasporic communities, such as the Russians, Koreans, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and Germans, who can rely on outside support from recognized nation states to protect their rights, the Uighurs are a stateless people whose claims to sovereignty are not internationally recognized. Furthermore, unlike other stateless diasporas in Kazakstan, such as the Tatars, the Chechens, and the Mesketian TurksM whose homelands are clearly located outside of Kazakstan, the Uighurs’ “homeland” in China's Xinjiang province borders on the former Soviet republic, which raises the question of whether or not many Uighurs are indigenous to the territory of Kazakstan.
Using model-based parameter estimation to increase the physical interpretability and numerical efficiency of computational electromagnetics

Abstract All of electromagnetics, whether measurement, analysis, or computation, may be regarded as activities of information acquisition, processing, and presentation. It is relevant to mention the information-intensive nature of electromagnetics, because this property can provide a useful, unifying perspective from which might be developed efficiency improvements in these various areas. If, for example, redundant information can be reduced or avoided in numerical calculations, the result should be a possibly substantial decrease in the amount of computer time that is needed for computer modeling. In this paper, we consider the use of a generalized signal-processing approach called “model-based parameter estimation” (MBPE) for making various improvements in either the efficiency of electromagnetic computer modeling or the efficiency of representing electromagnetic observables. One is to increase the efficiency of the basic model computation itself, a typical example being that of replacing the rigorous Green's function for the antenna-interface problem by a simpler, more easily computable, approximation. Another is to make more efficient use of the results that are computed, for example, by reducing the number of samples needed to construct a transfer function over some frequency band. A third arises because the electromagnetic fields/sources in various transformed-pair domains, such as exhibited by the far fields and locations of a linear-source array, are described by exponential and pole series from which physically relevant parameters can be extracted, which are useful for such purposes as data compression and physical interpretation. The discussion below deals primarily with MBPE based on exponential- and poles-series models which yield generalized waveform- and spectral-domain response functions of various transform-pair variables. We demonstrate how sampling such observables in terms of the appropriate variable or derivatives thereof leads to a data matrix from which the model parameters can be computed. Various kinds of data and models are used to illustrate the breadth of potential applications, with an emphasis on estimating frequency responses from frequency-sampled data. Some concluding remarks are addressed to use of MBPE for the Green's-function application.
Bremsstrahlung energy spectra from electrons with kinetic energy 1 keV–10 GeV incident on screened nuclei and orbital electrons of neutral atoms with Z = 1–100

A comprehensive set of bremsstrahlung cross sections (differential in the energy of the emitted photons) is tabulated. The set includes results for electrons with energies from 1 keV to 10 GeV incident on neutral atoms with atomic numbers Z = 1 to 100. For bremsstrahlung in the Coulomb field of the atomic nucleus, use was made of (a) results of Pratt, Tseng, and collaborators based on numerical phase-shift calculations for the screened Coulomb potential at energies below 2 MeV; and (b) the analytical high-energy theory (with Coulomb corrections) of Davies, Bethe, Maximon, and Olsen at energies above 50 MeV, supplemented by the Elwert Coulomb correction factor and the theory of the high-frequency limit given by Jabbur and Pratt. In the high-energy region, the effect of screening was included by the use of Hartree-Fock atomic form factors. A numerical interpolation scheme, applied to suitably scaled cross sections, was used to bridge the gap between the low-energy and high-energy theoretical results, and thus to obtain improved cross sections in the intermediate-energy region 2 to 50 MeV. Bremsstrahlung in the field of the atomic electrons was calculated according to the theory of Haug, combined with screening corrections derived from Hartree-Fock incoherent scattering factors.
High-temperature response functions and the non-Abelian Kubo formula.

We describe the relationship between time-ordered and retarded response functions in a plasma. We obtain an expression, including the proper $i\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ prescription, for the induced current due to hard thermal loops in a non-Abelian theory, thus giving the non-Abelian generalization of the Kubo formula. The result is closely related to the eikonal for a Chern-Simons theory and is relevant for a gauge-invariant description of Landau damping in the quark-gluon plasma at high temperature.
Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and rimexolone 1% to control inflammation after cataract extraction ☆: Prospective randomized double-masked study

Abstract Purpose: To compare the efficacy of a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%) with that of a topical steroid (rimexolone 1%) to control inflammation after cataract surgery. Setting: Storm Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Methods: Thirty-six patients were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive topical treatment with either ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% or rimexolone 1% starting the day after routine cataract extraction. Treatment was masked to both patient and investigator. Each patient had uneventful small incision phacoemulsification with placement of a foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens. Patients used 1 of the 2 antiinflammatory agents 4 times each day starting 24 hours after surgery. No antiinflammatory medications were used preoperatively, intraoperatively, or for 24 hours postoperatively. Signs and symptoms of inflammation, intraocular pressure (IOP), and Kowa cell and flare measurements were evaluated 1, 4, 7, and 30 days postoperatively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in any measurement of postoperative inflammation between the 2 groups. There was no difference in objective or subjective cell and flare measurements. In addition, there was no difference in IOP measurements between groups. Conclusions: Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% was as effective as rimexolone 1% in reducing inflammation after cataract surgery. These results suggest that ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% is a safe and effective antiinflammatory alternative to steroids after cataract extraction.
Perilesional linear atrophy and hypopigmentation after intralesional corticosteroid therapy: Report of two cases and review of the literature

We report on the cases of two patients in whom linear perilesional hypopigmentation and atrophy developed after intralesional injection of corticosteroids for treatment of keloids. Evaluation of our patients and the previously reported cases showed that perilesional linear atrophy or hypopigmentation (or both) is a distinct complication after intralesional or intraarticular administration of corticosteroids and is probably due to lymphogenous spread of the steroid suspension.
Demo: An IEEE 802.15.4-compatible, battery-free, energy-harvesting sensor node

We present a battery-free sensornet edge node design that operates on ambient indoor lighting, drawing just microwatts, but still delivers readings several times per minute.
Alternate Methods of Estimating the Dollar Value of Performance.

The standard deviation of performance quality measured in dollars, SD$, is critical to calculating the utility of personnel decisions. A popular technique for obtaining SD$ calls for supervisor estimates of the dollar value of performance at different levels. In many cases supervisors can base their estimates on the cost of contracting out the various levels of performance. Estimation problems can arise, however, in contexts where contracting out is not possible, such as in government organizations without private industry counterparts. Estimation problems may also exist where individual salary is only a small percentage of the value of the performance to the organization or of the equipment operated. This paper presents two strategies for estimating the value of performance and for determining SD$ by considering the changes in the numbers and performance levels of system units which lead to increased aggregate performance. One hundred U.S. Army tank commanders provided data about their jobs for these two strategies as well as for the supervisor estimation and salary percentage strategies. The new strategies appear to provide more appropriate and acceptable values of SD$ for those complex, expensive systems where dollar values of performance are less easily estimated.
Measurement of Tool Internal Temperatures in the Tool-Chip Contact Region by Embedded Thin Film Micro Thermocouples

Monitoring and controlling thermomechanical parameters in tooling materials are imperative for improving the fundamental understanding, reliability and workpiece quality of material removal processes. Polycrystalline boron nitride (PCBN) tools are being used heavily in hard machining/turning. These processes are very sensitive to variation in local machining conditions at tool-workpiece interface and lack a thorough understanding of fundamental thermo-mechanical phenomena, both often leading to abrupt tool failures. Existing sensors to monitor the machining conditions are not suitable for robust process control as they are either destructively embedded and/or don’t possess the necessary spatial and temporal resolution to monitor temperature during machining at the cutting tip/edge effectively. This paper presents an emerging approach for assessing dynamic temperatures in the close vicinity of the tool cutting edge. An array of 10 micro thin film micro thermocouples, fabricated using adapted semiconductor microfabrication methods, has been embedded into PCBN using a modified diffusion bonding technique. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to examine material interactions at the bonding interface and determine optimal bonding parameters. The sensors’ performance is statically and dynamically characterized. They show good linearity, sensitivity and very fast response time.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
MMS GULF REGION GIS DATABASE FOR OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING

ABSTRACT The Minerals Management Service (MMS) established the Coastal Marine Institute (CMI) at Louisiana State University as part of the Center for Coastal, Energy, and Environmental Resources to promote environmental research related to the oil, gas, and mining industries. One of the primary initiatives of CMI is to create an environmental information program to support government and industry oil spill contingency planning needs to fulfill the requirements of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and MMS compliance regulations. The MMS Gulf Region geographical information system (GIS) database will contain critical information about the location and character of environmental resources, infrastructure, and administrative boundaries that occur within the coastal region of the U.S. Northern Gulf of Mexico. Information needed to support the program will be collected from state and federal resource agencies, industry, and other data providers.
Ocular ultraviolet B exposure and lens opacities: a review.

A review of the epidemiological evidence linking cataract and chronic ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) exposure was carried out. The majority of ecological studies suggest an increased risk of cataract with residence in areas of greater ambient UV-B. Studies which have measured personal ocular exposure to UV-B have found that even low exposures, as encountered in the general populations of developed countries, confer a measurable risk of cortical cataract. There is sufficient evidence of increased risk of cortical lens opacity with ocular exposure to UV-B to warrant public health messages about simple measures to decrease exposure. J Epidemiol, 1999 ; 9 : S97-S101.
Genetic analyses of male mating behavior in chickens. II. Crosses among selected and control lines

Reciprocal crosses of three lines of chickens, two selected lines (high-mating and low-mating), and one randombred control line, were made in the S 10 generation of selection. Dominant and/or epistatic factors and sex-linked loci appear to influence low mating behavior, in contrast to a more additive genetic basis for high levels of mating behavior without sex-linked contributions. A hypothesis is proposed whereby two genetic systems interact to influence male mating frequency in chickens; changes in various correlated traits are also discussed.
How Spatiotemporal Clustering of L-Type Ca2+ Channels Regulates Ca2+ Signals in Rat Ventricular Myocytes?

Calcium flux thought L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) influences numerous physiological processes ranging from contraction of muscle and memory in neurons to gene expression in many type cell types [1,2,3]. The spatiotempotal organization of functional LTCCs, however, is difficult to investigate experimentally because of methodological limitations [2]. In this study, we used our 3-D continuum model of Ca2+ signaling, buffering and diffusion in rat ventricular myocytes to examine the effects of LTCCs ganging up in the sarcolemma during the cell excitation [4]. Model predicts that local and global Ca2+ signals critically depend on the spatiotemporal location of Ca2+ influx via persistent LTCCs, on the branched t-tubule topology and on the local diffusion properties. We tested also the hypothesis that under physiological conditions, the coupled gating of LTCCs may increase the activation probability of Ca2+-dependent proteins involved in contraction and cell excitability [2].[1] Bers, Circ Res 106(4):625-626, 2010[2] Navedo et al, Circ Res 106:784-756, 2010[3] Inoue and Bridge, Circ Res 92:532-538, 2003[4] Cheng et al., PLoS Comp Biol 6(10): article e1000972, 2010Supported by NBCR (NIH grant 5P41 RR08605-17)
Dry and wet laser catapulting and ablation of cells and bacteria by nanosecond CO 2 laser

ABSTRACT A lot of work has been done in the area of laser sterilization using UV lasers whereas this area is not much explored using an IR laser. In this study the cells were catapulted from glass or oxidized silicon substrates by a nanosecond IR CO 2 laser. Removal of cells and bacteria was achieved under the micron thick liquid layer pre-deposited on the substrates and lifted off togeth er with biological species at laser fluences exceeding the correspond ing boiling thresholds for the liquids used. Catapulting with front-side laser illumination is studied Keywords: CO 2 laser, isopropyl alcohol, laser sterilization 1. INTRODUCTION Laser sterilization is being utilized in various fields to sterilize food 1 , wounds 2 , living tissue 3 and various cosmetic applications. In this work we have deposited rabbit skin cell onto a Si substrate and used CO 2 laser remove theses cells from the substrate. This work is carried out in the presence of different regime using energy transfer medium (ETM) such as water vapor and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and even w ithout ETM. The main aim behind this study is to determine the cells interaction with IR laser in and without the presence of the ETM. The prelimin ary experiments have been carried out and the results obtained from this study are dr iving us to do some more detailed study in this area. The fundamental technique involved behind this work is derived from laser particle removal (LPR). The LPR technique was developed to clean critical surfaces of various materials in a non-contact fashion without damage
The effect of microcracking upon the Poisson's ratio for brittle materials

Microcracking-elasticity theories typically relate a decrement in elastic moduli to the number density,N, and the mean microcrack radius 〈a〉. In this paper, four microcracking-modulus theories are rewritten in terms of the macroscopic, observable parameters of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, eliminating the specific dependence on the difficult to measure, microscopic quantitiesN and 〈a〉. The rewritten microcracking elasticity theories are then compared to elasticity data on a variety of microcracked, polycrystalline ceramics.
Basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor exert differential trophic effects on CNS neurons

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are potent mitogenic proteins capable of inducing cell division in a wide variety of cell types. In addition to their mitogenic properties, both proteins have recently been shown to enhance survival and process outgrowth from neurons of central nervous system origin. The full spectrum of neuronal subtypes responding to these factors has not been elucidated. In the present study, EGF was found to enhance survival and process outgrowth of primary cultures of cerebellar neurons of neonatal rat brain. This effect was dose-dependent and was observed with EGF concentrations as low as 100 pg/ml. In marked contrast, bFGF was ineffective in enhancing survival or neurite elongation from cerebellar neurons when tested in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 ng/ml. However, within this concentration range, bFGF did prove effective in stimulating an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes, demonstrating that bFGF was active and that cells in the cerebellum do respond to bFGF. These results suggest that EGF or an EGF-like peptide may act as a neurite elongation and maintenance factor for cerebellar neurons. EGF has now been shown to support striatal, cortical, and cerebellar neurons, suggesting that this factor may have trophic activity throughout the central nervous system. bFGF, in contrast, appears to exert its effects on limited populations of neurons.
An auditory illusion of depth

Abstract The auditory perception of distance may be altered by systematically transforming the time and intensity ratios of the auditory cues at a subject's ears. Two auditory ‘illusions’ of depth, opposite in sign, were generated, by attenuating in one case and masking with white noise in the other, the signal in one ear from an ‘auditory pendulum’. The change in perceived depth of the acoustic pendulum with attenuation of one ear was analogous to the Pulfrich phenomenon in vision. These auditory experiments suggested two additional ways of generating visual Pulfrich effects that were then demonstrated.
Does flow cytometry crossmatch predict renal allograft outcome in patients with a negative antiglobulin crossmatch

Does flow cytometry crossmatch predict renal allograft outcome in patients with a negative antiglobulin crossmatch?
Nativism and the Evolutionary Debunking of Morality

Evolutionary debunking arguments purport to undercut the justification of our moral judgments by showing why a tendency to make moral judgments would evolve regardless of the truth of those judgments. (Machery and Mallon (2010). Evolution of morality. In J.M. Doris and The Moral Psychology Research Group (Eds.), The Moral Psychology Handbook (pp. 3–46). Oxford: Oxford University Press) have recently tried to disarm these arguments by showing that moral cognition – in the sense that is relevant to debunking – is not the product of natural selection. Specifically, they present a barrage of increasingly influential challenges against reciprocity-based approaches to moral nativism. In the present paper I defend the nativist account of moral cognition against these criticisms, thereby bolstering the skeptical conclusions of evolutionary debunking arguments. However, Machery and Mallon's critique does successfully highlight several vulnerabilities in Richard Joyce's approach to debunking, suggesting several ways in which it can be revised toward generating a more robust version of the argument.
Change in goals and values of men and women from early to mature adulthood

Changes in goals and values between early and middle adulthood were investigated using a longitudinal sample of women and their male partners. Measures designed to assess personality changes as described by Gutmann and Jung were coded from open-ended responses to questions about middle-aged subjects' concurrent and recollected goals and values. The findings indicated that both women and men declined in gender-traditional goals and values and increased in individual goals and values. Archival data for women showed that recollections were accurate and that both cohort and personality factors were related to the extent to which individuals' goals and values changed over time.
Olfaction and apathy in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults.

Objectives: Apathy is a prevalent neuropsychiatric manifestation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is associated with decreased social functioning and increased caregiver burden. Olfactory deficits are also commonly observed in AD, and prior work has indicated a link between increased apathy and olfactory dysfunction in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Here, we examined odor identification performance in patients with probable AD (n = 172), individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 112), and neurologically and psychiatrically healthy older adults (n = 132) and its relation to apathy, depression, and overall psychopathology. Method: Participants were administered the Sniffin’ Sticks odor identification test and measures assessing severity of apathy, depression, and overall neuropsychiatric symptomatology. Results: Consistent with previous research, AD and MCI patients were significantly worse at identifying odors than healthy older adults. Additionally, a sex by diagnosis in...
Query optimization in information integration

The problem of decentralized data sharing, which is relevant to a wide range of applications, is still a source of major theoretical and practical challenges, in spite of many years of sustained research. In this paper we focus on the challenge of efficiency of query evaluation in information integration systems that use the global-as-view approach, with the objective of developing query-processing strategies that would be widely applicable and easy to implement in real-life applications. Our algorithms take into account important features of today's data sharing applications: XML as likely interface or representation for data sources; the potential for information overlap across data sources; and the need for inter-source processing, as in joins of data across sources. The focus of this paper is on performance-related characteristics of several alternative approaches that we propose for efficient query processing in information integration, including an approach that uses materialized restructured views. We use synthetic and real-life datasets in our implementation of an information integration system shell to provide experimental results that demonstrate that our algorithms are efficient and competitive in the information integration setting. In addition, our experimental results allow us to make context-specific recommendations on selecting query-processing approaches from our proposed alternatives. As such, our approaches could form a basis for scalable query processing in information integration and interoperability in many practical settings.
Abstract A34: Critical and reciprocal regulation of SLUG-KLF4 and SLUG-miR-1/miR-200b in TGFβ-initiated prostate cancer EMT

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in various pathological processes within the prostate, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer progression. However, an ordered sequence of signaling events initiating carcinoma-associated EMT has not been established. We have used a mouse model of Pten and TP53 null prostate adenocarcinoma, which undergoes progressive TGFβ-dependent EMT leading eventually to sarcomtoid carcinoma formation. Sarcomatoid carcinomas are characterized by various mesenchymal lineages and bone formation. In this model, SLUG is the dominant regulator of EMT initiation in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of Slug inhibited EMT. We determined that TGFβ-stimulated KLF4 degradation is the mechanism of SLUG induction, and the introduction of a degradation-resistant mutant of KLF4 inhibited EMT. We show that KLF4 and another epithelial determinant, FOXA1, are direct transcriptional inhibitors of SLUG expression in mouse and human prostate cancer cells. In addition, SLUG-dependent binding of polycomb repressive complexes to the Klf4 and Foxa1 promoters was demonstrated to inhibit transcription of these epithelial transcription factors, suggesting that SLUG expression helps to consolidate mesenchymal commitment. Analysis of tissue arrays demonstrated decreased KLF4 and increased SLUG expression in advanced stage primary prostate cancer, substantiating the involvement of the EMT signaling events described in model systems. As microRNAs are pleiotropic regulators of differentiation and tumorigenesis, we evaluated miR expression associated with tumorigenesis and EMT. Mir-1 and mir-200 were reduced with progression of prostate adenocarcinoma, and we identified Slug as one of the phylogenetically-conserved targets of these miRs. We established that SLUG is a direct repressor of miR-1 and miR-200 transcription. Thus, SLUG and miR-1/miR-200 act in a self-reinforcing regulatory loop leading to amplification of EMT. Depletion of Slug inhibited EMT during tumorigenesis, while forced expression of miR-1 or miR-200 inhibited both EMT and tumorigenesis in human and mouse model systems. Various miR targets were analyzed, and our findings suggest that miR-1 has roles in regulating EMT and mesenchymal differentiation through Slug and functions in tumor-suppressive programs by regulating additional targets. Citation Format: Yen-Nien Liu, Philip Martin, Kathleen Kelly, Juan Juan Yin, Wassim Abou-Kheir, Paul Hynes, Lei Fang, Orla Casey, Ming Yi, Victoria Seng, Heather Tillman. Critical and reciprocal regulation of SLUG-KLF4 and SLUG-miR-1/miR-200b in TGFβ-initiated prostate cancer EMT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A34.
Interdisciplinary Management/Functional Restoration

ABSTRACTFunctional restoration has historically and empirically been considered a critical component of interdisciplinary pain management of CRPS. The evidence for suggesting the significance of functional restoration and reanimation remain modest but credible, and the need for further studies is to be encouraged.
Dynamic analysis of laminated plates using a higher-order theory

This paper deals with the dynamic analog of the higher-order shear deformation plate theory developed by the senior author. The theory is based on a displacement field in which the inplane displacements are expanded as cubic functions of the thicknes coordinate and the transverse deflection is assumed to be constant through the thickness. The additional dependent unkowns introduced with the quadratic and cubic terms of the thickness coordinate are eliminated by requiring the transverse shear stresses to vanish on the bounding planes of the plate. The theory accounts for the parabolic distribution of the transverse shear stresses, and hence no shear correction coefficients are required.
HOCl exposure of a human airway epithelial cell line decreases its plasma membrane neutral endopeptidase

It has recently been demonstrated that luminal exposure of airway segments in vitro to HOCl produces airway muscle hyperresponsiveness to substance P and a decrease in neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity of tissue segment homogenates, suggesting that HOCl may decrease airway epithelial cell NEP activity. To confirm that this effect occurs in humans and to investigate possible subcellular mechanisms for it, we assessed HOCl exposure of the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-1. These cells, grown to confluency in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin-streptomycin, were exposed in situ for 5 min to 100 microM HOCl in a phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS; pH 7.0 at 37 degrees C) or to PBS alone. Thereafter, cells were rinsed and assayed for NEP activity employing reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. This activity was characterized by the generation of phosphoramidon-inhibitable product (ANA) cleaved from the synthetic substrate succinyl-(ala)3-p-nitroaniline during a 30 min incubation at 37 degrees C. Cell viability was assessed by changes in LDH release, trypan blue exclusion, and cell volume. In some experiments, crude plasma membrane and soluble components of exposed cells were isolated and differential NEP activity was assayed. We found that a 5 min exposure to HOCl decreased whole cell NEP activity from 74.1 +/- 4.4 (mean +/- SE) to 54.3 +/- 6.0 pmoles of ANA/min/10(6) cells (p less than 0.05), while no parameter of cell viability was affected. NEP activity in the crude membrane fraction decreased 36.3 +/- 3.1% after exposure (p less than 0.01), whereas NEP activity in the soluble fraction increased 4.0 +/- 0.6%. Isolated membrane NEP exposed by itself was not affected. Subsequent experiments with reducing agents demonstrated that NEP activity of cell cultures pretreated with 100 mM of either beta-mercaptoethanol or dithiothrietol before HOCl exposure was not significantly different from control values. We conclude that whole cell HOCl exposure decreases Calu-1 plasma membrane NEP. This loss appears to occur by internalization of cell membrane NEP.
The local structure of a chaotic attractor in four dimensions

Abstract A simple system of four ordinary differential equations exhibiting chaotic behavior is introduced. The Lyapunov exponents are approximately 3.34, 0.00, -1.79, and -5.55. Points on the attractor where two variables simultaneously assume prechosen values are located by a numerical integration procedure in which suitable antecedent conditions are obtained by successive approximations. The points are organized into curves, which appear more numerous under higher resolution. A backward integration procedure indicates that a line transverse to the curves intersects each curve rather than passing through gaps, while the set of intersections forms a Cantor set. Thus the attractor appears to be locally the product of three continua and one Cantor set. The continua are found to extend in the expanding, neutral, and less rapidly contracting local directions, while the Cantor set extends in the more rapidly contracting direction.
Molecular architecture of DesV from Streptomyces venezuelae: A PLP-dependent transaminase involved in the biosynthesis of the unusual sugar desosamine

Desosamine is a 3-(dimethylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxyhexose found in certain macrolide antibiotics such as the commonly prescribed erythromycin. Six enzymes are required for its biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae. The focus of this article is DesV, which catalyzes the PLP-dependent replacement of a 3-keto group with an amino functionality in the fifth step of the pathway. For this study the three-dimensional structures of both the internal aldimine and the ketimine intermediate with glutamate were determined to 2.05 A resolution. DesV is a homodimer with each subunit containing 12 α-helical regions and 12 β-strands that together form three layers of sheet. The structure of the internal aldimine demonstrates that the PLP-cofactor is held in place by residues contributed from both subunits (Asp 164 and Gln 167 from Subunit I and Tyr 221 and Asn 235 from Subunit II). When the ketimine intermediate is present in the active site, the loop defined by Gln 225 to Ser 228 from Subunit II closes down upon the active site. The structure of DesV is similar to another sugar-modifying enzyme referred to as PseC. This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid, which is a sialic acid-like nonulosonate found in the flagellin of Helicobacter pylori. In the case of PseC, however, the amino group is transferred to the C-4 rather than the C-3 position. Details concerning the structural analysis of DesV and a comparison of its molecular architecture to that of PseC are presented.
Meis1-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent and can be suppressed by coexpression of HoxA9 in murine and human cell Lines

Coexpression of the homeodomain protein Meis1 and either HoxA7 or HoxA9 is characteristic of many acute myelogenous leukemias. Although Meis1 can be overexpressed in bone marrow long-term repopulating cells, it is incapable of mediating their transformation. Although overexpressing HoxA9 alone transforms murine bone marrow cells, concurrent Meis1 overexpression greatly accelerates oncogenesis. Meis1-HoxA9 cooperation suppresses several myeloid differentiation pathways. We now report that Meis1 overexpression strongly induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types in vitro through a caspase-dependent process. Meis1 requires a functional homeodomain and Pbx-interaction motif to induce apoptosis. Coexpressing HoxA9 with Meis1 suppresses this apoptosis and provides protection from several apoptosis inducers. Pbx1, another Meis1 cofactor, also induces apoptosis; however, coexpressing HoxA9 is incapable of rescuing Pbx-mediated apoptosis. This resistance to apoptotic stimuli, coupled with the previously reported ability to suppress multiple myeloid differentiation pathways, would provide a strong selective advantage to Meis1-HoxA9 coexpressing cells in vivo, leading to leukemogenesis.
Evaluation of Genomic Evidence for Oxidative Stress in Experimental Radiation Nephropathy.

Evaluation of Genomic Evidence for Oxidative Stress in Experimental Radiation Nephropathy Chronic persistent oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism for late radiation injury to normal,tissue. Using biochemical, histological, and pharmacological techniques, we have not been able to confirm this hypothesis for late renal radiation injury. Gene expression may be more revealing,especially since the initial effects of radiation are to damage DNA.
Laser Flash Photolysis Studies of the Reaction of Arylhalocarbenes with Tetramethylethylene as a Function of Solvent

Absolute rate constants of reaction of chlorophenylcarbene, bromophenylcarbene, and chloro-p-nitrophenylcarbene with tetramethylethylene (TME; kTME) are similar in alkane solvent, Freon-113, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile. Solvation of the carbenes has little influence on kTME. Strong specific solvation which impedes cycloaddition reactions of the arylhalocarbenes with TME is not found with these carbenes, but the existence of weakly bound complexes with spectra and kinetics similar to those of free carbenes cannot be ruled out.
Congrees and information technology: A new focus

Abstract It used to be so simple for libraries, this intellectual property thing! As information technology has been adopted for the mediation of what may be termed “content,” the level of complexity of the policy issues, the number of stakeholders, and the need for new legal definitions have all grown apace. We only have to go back to mid-1980s when the OCLC database was copyrighted to find an example of the inadequacy of print copyright practice for resolving “database” issues. In the end, the manner in which the intellectual property policy and legal issues are resolved may have more to do with the shape of the Internet and the use of networked information than information technology itself. In a real sense, the future of libraries, scholarly research, distance education, indeed all teaching/learning, may be in the hands of law-makers and judges. The stakes are high and Prue Adler's synopsis of the landmark legislation of the 105th Congress and expected legislation of the 106th is an excellent snapshot of current developments—CBL, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
Effects of Canister Shot in the Civil War: Skull of a Soldier of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers

This skull (Fig. 1) was discovered in 1876 on Morris Island, South Carolina, near the site of Battery Wagner, a powerful fort that had protected the entrance to Charleston Harbor during the Civil War. The skull belonged to a man of African descent— most likely a soldier of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers, which led the assault on Wagner on the night of July 18, 1863. Of approximately 600 men of the 54th who made the charge, 256 were killed, wounded, or missing. The 54th Massachusetts Volunteers was not the first black regiment in the Civil War, nor was it the first to fight. However, it was the first black regiment raised entirely of free men enrolled on the same terms as white troops and the first to engage in a major action well covered by the national press. Its gallant conduct in the doomed assault on Battery Wagner on July 18, 1863, electrified the nation and proved once and for all that the black man, given the opportunity, would fight as well as any white man. From the size of the wound, and what appear to be remains of the projectile itself, it can be surmised what type of munition hit this man: a canister ball from one of two field howitzers known to have been used in the repulse of that attack. Canister balls were made of iron; for the 6-lb gun, 1.17 inch in diameter, for the 12-lb field howitzer, 1.08 inch. The entry wound on the skull is approximately 1.18 inches across. Battery Wagner had no 6-lb guns, but did have two 12-lb field howitzers. In this case, it can be seen that a single canister ball has created a nearly round entry wound and a larger and more irregular fracture on the opposite side of the skull. Radiating fractures from the entrance and exit can be seen crossing the temporal, parietal, and frontal bones. The ball entered from rear left, traveled back to front and upwards,
Time-varying parameters and nonconvergence to rational expectations under least squares learning

Abstract Least squares learning does not represent fully rational behavior because agents use inference techniques based on a parameter constancy assumption to learn about systems with time-varying parameters. When agents take time-varying parameters into account, convergence results are lost.
Combined forced and natural convection flow for the wedge geometry

Abstract This paper considers simultaneously the phenomena of forced and natural flow effects over an isothermal wedge. The analysis is restricted to situations in which the natural convection effects may be considered as a perturbation of the purely forced flow situation. Using this technique, a number of wedge angles are considered for laminar boundary-layer type flow. A Prandtl number of 0·73 was used and numerical results are presented for calculating surface shear and heat-transfer rates. Boundary-layer separation is also considered.
Potential neuromuscular toxicity of 2,4-dithiobiuret in the rat

Abstract Daily treatment of rats with 2,4-dithiobiuret (DTB, 1 mg/kg) produces an apparent flaccid muscle weakness that begins in the hindlimbs and ascends to involve muscles of the trunk, forelimbs, head, and neck. The insidious onset and progressive nature of the apparent weakness were detected by impaired rotarod performance, loss of righting response, and death after median cumulative doses of 4.9, 7.1, and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively, in male rats. If DTB treatment was stopped after the first day of rotarod failure, male rats recovered from impaired rotarod performance in 2–5 days. Sensitivity to DTB-induced rotarod failure was greatest in older rats of both sexes. Females were more susceptible than males to DTB-induced rotarod failure and frequently died after treatment was stopped, whereas males recovered. Effects of chronic DTB treatment that accompanied the impairment in rotarod performance, but did not appear to cause it, were decreased food and water intake, loss of body weight, diuresis, chromodacryorrhea, and watery, mucoid feces. Whole blood cholinesterase activity was not significantly altered and tail flick, corneal, vibrissae, pinna, and foot with-drawal responses could be elicited in animals that failed the rotarod test. The LD50 determined 48 hr after a single dose of DTB was 29 mg/kg yet acute treatment with up to 20 mg/kg did not affect rotarod performance when rats were tested for up to 3 weeks after treatment. The site and mechanism by which DTB impairs rotarod performance in the rat is unknown.
In vitro metabolism of pentachloronitrobenzene to pentachloromethylthiobenzene by onion: Characterization of glutathione S-transferase, cysteine C-S lyase, and S-adenosylmethionine methyl transferase activities☆

Abstract Pentachloromethylthiobenzene (PCTA) was synthesized in vitro from pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) at pH 7.9 by an enzyme system from onion root that required dithiothreitol, glutathione, and S -adenosylmethionine. The soluble enzyme system was isolated from onion root by ammonium sulfate fractionation and differential centrifugation. The system contained glutathione S -transferase activity with PCNB, C-S lyase activity with S -(pentachlorophenyl)cysteine, S -adenosylmethionine methyl transferase activity with pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP), and presumably several peptidase activities. All activities were stable when the crude enzyme system was stored at −25°C. Evidence for the following sequence of reactions in PCTA synthesis was presented: PCNB→ 1 S -(pentachlorophenyl)glutathione→ 2 S -(pentachlorophenyl)-γ-glutamylcysteine→ 3 S -(pentachlorophenyl)cysteine→ 4 PCTP→ 5 PCTA. The first reaction was studied with [ 14 C]PCNB. Reactions 2–4 were studied with S -([ 14 C]pentachlorophenyl)glutathione, S -([ 14 C]pentachlorophenyl)cysteine, and peptide inhibitors. Reaction 5 was studied with [ 14 C]PCTP, S -[ 14 C]adenosylmethionine, and inhibitors. The possible use of the enzyme system in the characterization of other glutathione conjugates was discussed.