cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and genetic factors underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or other drugs of abuse

Concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol or psychostimulants represents a major public health concern, with use of one substance influencing consumption of the other. Co-abuse of these drugs leads to substantial negative health outcomes, reduced cessation, and high economic costs, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Epidemiological data suggest that tobacco use during adolescence plays a particularly significant role. Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by major neurobiological maturation of brain regions critical for reward processing, learning and memory, and executive function. Nicotine exposure during this time produces a unique and long-lasting vulnerability to subsequent substance use, likely via actions at cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems. In this review, we discuss recent clinical and preclinical data examining the genetic factors and mechanisms underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or cocaine and amphetamines. We evaluate the critical role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors throughout, and emphasize the dearth of preclinical studies assessing concurrent drug exposure. We stress important age and sex differences in drug responses, and highlight a brief, low-dose nicotine exposure paradigm that may better model early use of tobacco products. The escalating use of e-cigarettes among youth necessitates a closer look at the consequences of early adolescent nicotine exposure on subsequent alcohol and drug abuse.
Receptivity and Entangled Epistemic Capacities: Comments on Carl Sachs’ Intentionality and the Myths of the Given

‘Philosophy, without the history of philosophy’, Wilfrid Sellars famously told us, ‘if not empty or blind, is certainly dumb’ (Sellars 1968, 1). Somewhere along the course of my own career, Wilfrid...
Optical design considerations and raytracing results for the Arcus grating spectrometer concept

ABSTRACT Arcus is a mission concept for a next generation X-ray grating spectrometer. It will o er spectral resolution(=  ) greater than 2000 combined with over 500 cm 2 of e ective area in the 2.1{2.4 nm bandpass. Thesecapabilities will elucidate the cycle of baryonic matter in and out of galaxies, the means by which supermassiveblack holes inuence their surroundings, and the early formation and evolution of solar systems. We present theoverall optical design of the mission, which features four arrays of silicon pore optics modules with four matchingarrays of o -plane reection grating modules. These optics disperse the incident X-rays over the 12 m focallength in four separate conical di raction patterns onto CCD arrays at the focal plane. Each array of optics is anazimuthal sub-aperture of the typical Wolter telescope design, enabling enhanced spectral resolution due to anasymmetric point spread function. The theoretical spectral resolution, e ective area, and alignment toleranceshave been determined via raytrace modeling.Keywords: Arcus, X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray optics, silicon pore optics, o plane reection gratings
Europe, Christian: Alphabets

The structure of the Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Georgian, Glagolitic, and Cyrillic alphabets is described from the point of view of Saussurean semiotic theory.
Information and Liquidity in the Modern OTC Marketplace

OTC Markets Group organizes over 10,000 securities that trade over-the-counter into one of three tiered marketplaces (OTCQX, OTCQB, and OTC Pink) based on the quality and quantity of information a firm discloses. The tier designation and listing status of the securities in this study provide a unique setting to examine the effects of information disclosure on prices and market quality. We examine trading within the tiers and find that firms in higher information tiers are more liquid than firms trading in lower information tiers. Approximately 70% of the OTC securities are penny stocks trading under five dollars. We find that these securities with lottery-like features tend to generate significantly more investor interest than their non-penny OTC counterparts. Our analysis adds to the small stream of literature studying the modernized OTC marketplace and provides a more complete picture of trading in this space.
The Enrichment Mini-Course: A Missing Piece in the Gifted Education Puzzle

(1983). The Enrichment Mini-Course: A Missing Piece in the Gifted Education Puzzle. Gifted International: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 67-76.
How is chronic pain related to sympathetic dysfunction and autonomic dysreflexia following spinal cord injury

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) and neuropathic pain occur after severe injury to higher levels of the spinal cord. Mechanisms underlying these problems have rarely been integrated in proposed models of spinal cord injury (SCI). Several parallels suggest significant overlap of these mechanisms, although the relationships between sympathetic function (dysregulated in AD) and nociceptive function (dysregulated in neuropathic pain) are complex. One general mechanism likely to be shared is central sensitization – enhanced responsiveness and synaptic reorganization of spinal circuits that mediate sympathetic reflexes or that process and relay pain-related information to the brain. Another is enhanced sensory input to spinal circuits caused by extensive alterations in primary sensory neurons. Both AD and SCI-induced neuropathic pain are associated with spinal sprouting of peptidergic nociceptors that might increase synaptic input to the circuits involved in AD and SCI pain. In addition, numerous nociceptors become hyperexcitable, hypersensitive to chemicals associated with injury and inflammation, and spontaneously active, greatly amplifying sensory input to sensitized spinal circuits. As discussed with the aid of a preliminary functional model, these effects are likely to have mutually reinforcing relationships with each other, and with consequences of SCI-induced interruption of descending excitatory and inhibitory influences on spinal circuits, with SCI-induced inflammation in the spinal cord and in DRGs, and with activity in sympathetic fibers within DRGs that promotes local inflammation and spontaneous activity in sensory neurons. This model suggests that interventions selectively targeting hyperactivity in C-nociceptors might be useful for treating chronic pain and AD after high SCI.
Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Increased catabolite concentrations in serum are associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging. The first catabolic step in KP is primarily controlled by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Following this first step, the KP has two major branches, one branch is mediated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and is responsible for the formation of 3-HK, 3-HAA, and quinolinic acid (QA); and another branch is controlled by kynurenine amino-transferase (KAT), which generates KA. Uncontrolled Trp catabolism has been demonstrated in distinct CVD, thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which regulates KP enzyme expression and activity is paramount. This review highlights the recent advances on the effect of KP enzyme expression and activity in different tissues on the pathological mechanisms of specific CVD, KP is an inflammatory sensor and modulator in the cardiovascular system, and KP catabolites act as the potential biomarkers for CVD initiation and progression. Moreover, the biochemical features of critical KP enzymes and principles of enzyme inhibitor development are briefly summarized, as well as the therapeutic potential of KP enzyme inhibitors against CVD is briefly discussed.
Zur Theore der Raumgrundlagen internationaler Modernisierung in entwickelten Gesellschaften: Das Beispiel Westdeutschland 1965-1969

Die Wiederkehr politischer Konflikte in westlichen Demokratien hat das wachsende Interesse hervorgerufen, die raumlichen Bedingungen (spatial patternings) der sozialokonomischen Entwicklung und ihren Einflus auf das Wahlsystem in Massengesellschaften naher zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Studie unternimmt es, einen Theorieansatz zur Diskussion zu stellen, der in der Lage ist, die raumliche Komplexitat der Beziehungsverhaltnisse, die die entwickelten Gesellschaften heute aufweisen, auf nationaler Ebene angemessen zu erfassen, wobei sie zugleich versucht, am Beispiel Westdeutschland Daten zur empirischen Uberprufung vorzulegen. Ist der theoretische Ansatz primar darum bemuht, die Implikationen raumlicher Art, die die Beziehungsverhaltnisse in Gesellschaften pragen, fur die entwickelten Nationen generell anzugeben, bezieht sich der empirische Teil der Studie auf aggregierte sozialokonomische Daten sowie Daten von Wahlergebnissen, die auf Wahlkreisebene fur Westdeutschland ermittelt wurden.
Real-Time Epileptic Seizure Detection Using EEG

This paper proposes a novel patient-specific real-time automatic epileptic seizure onset detection, using both scalp and intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG). The proposed technique obtains harmonic multiresolution and self-similarity-based fractal features from EEG for robust seizure onset detection. A fast wavelet decomposition method, known as harmonic wavelet packet transform (HWPT), is computed based on Fourier transform to achieve higher frequency resolutions without recursive calculations. Similarly, fractal dimension (FD) estimates are obtained to capture self-similar repetitive patterns in the EEG signal. Both FD and HWPT energy features across all EEG channels at each epoch are organized following the spatial information due to electrode placement on the skull. The final feature vector combines feature configurations of each epoch within the specified moving window to reflect the temporal information of EEG. Finally, relevance vector machine is used to classify the feature vectors due to its efficiency in classifying sparse, yet high-dimensional data sets. The algorithm is evaluated using two publicly available long-term scalp EEG (data set A) and short-term intracranial and scalp EEG (data set B) databases. The proposed algorithm is effective in seizure onset detection with 96% sensitivity, 0.1 per hour median false detection rate, and 1.89 s average detection latency, respectively. Results obtained from analyzing the short-term data offer 99.8% classification accuracy. These results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective with both short- and long-term EEG signal analyzes recorded with either scalp or intracranial modes, respectively. Finally, the use of less computationally intensive feature extraction techniques enables faster seizure onset detection when compared with similar techniques in the literature, indicating potential usage in real-time applications.
Deployment status and child neglect types in the U.S. Army

Increases in combat deployments have been associated with rises in rates of child neglect in U.S. military families. Although various types of child neglect have been described in military families, it is unknown whether deployment status is associated with specific types of child neglect and whether other factors, such as substance misuse, play a role. To determine the contribution of service member deployment status to the risk of specific child neglect types, data were collected from 390 substantiated U.S. Army child neglect case files. The contributions of deployment status at the time of the neglect incident and parental alcohol or drug-related misuse to risk of neglect types were examined controlling for military family rank and child age. Compared to never deployed families, families with a service member concurrently deployed at the time of the neglect incident were at higher risk for failure to provide physical needs, lack of supervision, and educational neglect, but at lower risk for emotional neglect. Being previously deployed incurred risk for moral-legal neglect. Substance misuse added risk for moral-legal and educational neglect. Findings indicate the need for tailored prevention strategies to target different periods within the deployment cycle.
Abstract MP18: The Risk of Venous Thromboembolism is Lower in Multiple Asian Ethnic Groups

Background: Several studies suggest a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Asians compared to other racial groups, and genetic mechanisms have been suspected. Despite their biological and ...
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Amputation Risk: Achilles' Heel or Opportunity for Discovery?

Article, see p 1450 Numerous studies have established that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at heightened risk of ischemic cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, and microvascular events, including nephropathy and retinopathy.1 Treatments to lower glucose concentrations have demonstrated consistent benefits for reducing microvascular complications regardless of mechanism. Establishing the link between glucose lowering and reducing cardiovascular risk has been more challenging, particularly over the durations of most clinical trials. Recently, findings from clinical trials of 2 classes of glucose-lowering agents (eg, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors [SGLT2i] and glucagon-like peptide–1 receptor agonists) have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits with patterns and timing of efficacy that suggest mediation through mechanisms apart from glucose lowering alone.2–4 The SGLT2i appear to have particularly profound benefits in patients with established cardiovascular disease for reducing cardiovascular death and heart failure as well as adverse renal outcomes. Benefits have been reported in 2 completed randomized trials with consistent associations in observational studies,2–5 including those reported by Udell et al6 in this issue of Circulation . In contrast to the more consistent cardiovascular benefits described across these studies, however, is a finding isolated to the CANVAS trial (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) showing an excess risk of amputation with canagliflozin.4 These divergent signals of harm in the limb coupled with general cardiovascular benefit have raised questions, including whether the observation is a result of chance alone as well as the potential mechanisms of harm. They also stand in contrast to other recent studies that demonstrate consistency in cardiovascular and limb benefits for antithrombotic and lipid-lowering therapies.7–10 In this context, the results from Udell et al6 provide the …
Data Assimilation in Brain Tumor Models

A typical problem in applied mathematics and science is to estimate the future state of a dynamical system given its current state. One approach aimed at understanding one or more aspects determining the behavior of the system is mathematical modeling. This method frequently entails formulation of a set of equations, usually a system of partial or ordinary differential equations. Model parameters are then measured from experimental data or estimated from computer simulation or other methods, for example chi-squared parameter optimization as done in[26] or genetic algorithms which are frequently used in neuroscience [33]. Solutions to the model are then studied through mathematical analysis and numerical simulation usually for qualitative fit to the dynamical system of interest and any relative time-series data that is available. While mathematical modeling can provide meaningful insight, it may have limited predictive value due to idealized assumptions underlying the model, measurement error in experimental data and parameters, and chaotic behavior in the system. In this chapter we explore a different approach focused on optimal state estimation given a model and observational data of a biological process, while accounting for the relative uncertainty in both. The case explored here is the growth and spread of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a very aggressive form of glioma brain tumor which remains extremely difficult to manage clinically. The method employed is different from other approaches used in biology in that it is independent of the mathematical model and seeks an optimal initial condition. This is in contrast to other techniques such as those discussed in [21], which are model dependent and seek to find an optimal model parameterization given the observations and uncertainties in the system of interest.
Some implications of vibration testing of continuous systems for resonant frequencies

The objective of this study is to demonstrate, both analytically and experimentally, that certain resonant frequencies of complex continuous systems can be suppressed when common laboratory testing techniques are employed. A taut string is used as the physical system for demonstrating the phenomenon of resonant-frequency suppression.
Nonsulfhydryl-reactive phenoxyacetic acids increase aqueous humor outflow facility.

Purpose. The phenoxyacetic acid, ethacrynic acid (ECA), has potential use in glaucoma therapy because it acts to increase aqueous outflow in vivo and in vitro. In human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell culture, ECA acts to change cell shape and attachment, effects that have been correlated with microtubule (MT) alterations and chemical sulfhydryl (SH) reactivity. To further explore these actions, we evaluated two non-SH reactive phenoxyacetic acids, indacrinone and ticrynafen, and the MT-disrupting drug vinblastine. Methods. Excised bovine and porcine eyes were perfused and outflow facility measured. Calf pulmonary artery endothelial and HTM cells were grown in culture and cytoskeletal effects evaluated after drug treatment. Results. Indacrinone, ticrynafen, and vinblastine all caused an increase in outflow facility. In contrast with ECA, the outflow effects of indacrinone and ticrynafen were not blocked by excess cysteine. Although indacrinone and ticrynafen produced changes in cell shape in vitro, the /3-tubulin staining pattern of treated cells was not altered. Vinblastine caused cell shape change and the expected MT disruption. Conclusions. Phenoxyacetic acids can increase aqueous outflow facility and alter HTM cell shape and attachment in vitro by a non-SH, non-MT mechanism (which is probably shared also by ECA). These findings suggest the possibility of a broader class of glaucoma drugs that may be directed at the HTM. An understanding of the cellular target for these drugs has implications both for potential glaucoma therapy and for the cytoskeletal mechanisms involved in normal outflow function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997; 38:1526-1534.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Point Defects in a-SiO2

Point defects in amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO2) can be considered as any local deviations from the “perfect” glass structure, which for the sake of discussion will be taken to be a continuous random network of Si (0½)4 tetrahedra joined at the corners. Thus, for example, a vacancy-interstitial pair defined on such an otherwise perfect network would be the analogue of a Frenkel pair in crystalline solid. Since in our ideal glass each silicon has four bonds to neighboring atoms while each oxygen has but two, Frenkel pairs involving oxygen atoms (fig. 1a) would seem more probable than those involving silicons. Other possibilities include over or under-coordinated atoms, substitutional or interstitial impurities, or bonds between like atoms. Note in fig. 1a that a neutral oxygen vacancy is tantamount to a Si-Si homo bond.
Learning a specific, individual and generalizable coordination function: evaluating the variability of practice hypothesis in motor learning

Constant and variable practice conditions have been hypothesized to lead to different learning outcomes between them but similar within. However, experiments have found that within a constant practice condition, participants can show highly individual outcomes (i.e., coordination functions). Considering the contradictory evidence on the effects of variable practice, we tested the idea that measures of the individual learned outcome would be required to provide a full explanation for results in transfer tests rather than or in addition to the group task-related conditions on which individuals practiced. Twenty-four participants were divided into three groups with different practice conditions (constant, varied distance of the target, and varied angle of the target) and for 5 days performed a task of throwing for precision to a target. Pre-, post-, and transfer tests were used to evaluate our hypothesis. The results showed that although the group measures could predict certain aspects of the transfer tests, the coordination function characteristics were required to show higher levels of explanatory power. This finding supports the view that learning involves a specific, individual and generalizable solution although there are aspects of learning that are specific to the condition of practice.
Effects of Cannabis Use and Subclinical ADHD Symptomology on Attention Based Tasks in Adolescents and Young Adults

Objective Research has demonstrated comorbidity between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use, and some have proposed that subclinical ADHD symptoms may explain attentional deficits in cannabis users. Here we investigated whether subclinical ADHD symptoms and cannabis use independently or interactively predict performance on attention tasks in adolescents and young adults. Method Seventy-two participants (cannabis users (MJ) = 34, Controls = 38) completed neuropsychological tasks of inhibition and attention. Parent report on the Child Behaviors Checklist reflected current ADHD symptoms. Multiple regression analyses examined whether ADHD symptoms and cannabis use independently or interactively predicted cognitive outcomes. Results Cannabis use was significantly associated with slower CPT hit rate response. Subclinical ADHD symptoms did not independently predict or moderate cannabis effects. Conclusions Cannabis users demonstrated slower response rate during an attentional task. Subclinical ADHD symptoms did not predict any deficits. As such, attention deficits seen in cannabis users are more related to substance use than ADHD symptomatology.
Central limit theorem for peaks of a random permutation in a fixed conjugacy class of $S_n$

The number of peaks of a random permutation is known to be asymptotically normal. We give a new proof of this and prove a central limit theorem for the distribution of peaks in a fixed conjugacy class of the symmetric group. Our technique is to apply ``analytic combinatorics'' to study a complicated but exact generating function for peaks in a given conjugacy class.
Evaluating the Industry Relationships of Presenting Physicians at the American Neurotological Society Spring Meetings.

Objective 1) Evaluate the accuracy of financial disclosures reporting by research presenters and moderators at the American Neurotology Society Spring meetings between 2014 and 2016. 2) Tabulate the reported monetary value of undisclosed financial relationships. 3) Determine the degree of compliance to the standards put forth by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Study design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting N/A. Patients N/A. Interventions N/A. Main outcome measures The number of undisclosed payments, the accuracy of reporting, and the value of undisclosed payments were measured to test the hypothesis. Results At the 2014 American Neurotology Society Spring Meeting, the organizers maintained a median amount of $950 and $6,525.89 for the presenters. 2015 showed a median amount of undisclosed payment of $7,134.74 for organizers and $12,256.46 for presenters. Likewise, 2016 showed a median of $4,165.14 in undisclosed payment for the organizers and $12,031.70 for the presenters. Conclusions It is promising to see improvement in disclosure rates as organizers and presenters are effectively complying with the requirements set by Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. However, there is a substantial difference in disclosures by the presenters group compared with the organizers. The presenters had more undisclosed financial relationships than the organizers and although, not all undisclosed financial relationships are actual conflict of interest, it is safer and better practice to avoid the potential for undisclosed conflict of interest altogether. Presenters should be encouraged to fully disclose all relationships in the manner that organizers are required to do so.
Anticipating long-distance travel shifts due to self-driving vehicles

Abstract Increasing population and travel demand has prompted new efforts to model travel demand across the United States. One such model is rJourney that estimates travel demand among thousands of regions and models mode and destination choice. rJourney includes records representing 1.17 billion long-distance trips throughout the year 2010. Although inter-regional impacts caused by an increase of automated vehicles (AVs) has been investigated, there is little research on inter-regional travel and how longer distance destination and mode choices will change. Because of conveniences offered by AVs, the value of travel time of drivers is expected to fall, thus reducing the generalized cost of AV travel. To initially analyze the impacts of AVs in the United States, a new AV mode was added to a subset of the rJourney mode and destination choice models. With an initial scenario assuming an operating cost of AVs that is 118% of traditional cars, two outcomes are observed that are solely based on model results. First, the attractiveness of AVs severely digs into the airline travel market, reducing airline revenues to 53%. Second, the introduction of AVs results in a shift of destination choice, increasing travel in further distances for personal vehicles, but favoring closer distances across all modes, for an overall 6.7% decline in US passenger-miles traveled on existing long-distance trips. While this preliminary research has revealed an initial perspective on how an existing model can support AVs, the increasing availability of data as AVs emerge will refine nationwide long-distance modeling.
The effect of social, verbal, physical, and cyberbullying victimization on academic performance

Using data drawn from the 2015 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, we investigate whether specific types of bullying experienced by a youth influences his or her aca...
Optimal Control Treatment Analysis for the Predator-Prey Chemotherapy Model

In this paper, we investigate a nonautonomous model of chemotherapy cancer treatment with time-dependent infusion concentration of the chemotherapy agent. A predator-prey type model is adopted to describe the interactions between the chemotherapy agent and cells, in which the chemotherapy agent is modeled as the prey being consumed by both cancer and normal cells, thereby affecting the population of both. We derive an optimal control for this model and provide necessary conditions for continuous application of chemotherapy treatment. Finally, we provide selected numerical results and find out that with the same amount of chemotherapy drug infused at the beginning of the treatment, normal cell population continually increase over time, while the tumor cell population is quickly driven to zero. An interesting aspect of this work indicates that for large volume of tumor, our numerical result shows that continuous treatment needs to be carried out in order to combat the tumor.
Neuromorphic-based Boolean and reversible logic circuits from organic electrochemical transistors

We show the design and simulation of organic neuromorphic circuits in a hybrid-computation approach that emulates Boolean and reversible logic gates based on multigate organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The organic neuromorphic circuits consist of input, hidden, and output layers that can carry out Boolean operations, including the Exclusive OR (XOR) function, with five or less OECTs. The multigate functionality of OECTs is harnessed to perform the summation function of the neurons. Connection weights of the networks are defined in an unconventional way that depends on the value of the drain-source current of the outputting neuron, which changes according to the input values of the circuit. The Boolean circuits can be cascaded together to build higher level circuits and are demonstrated to form a full adder circuit and the Double Feynman and Toffoli reversible logic gates. Using realistic experimental parameters, the energy per computation is estimated to be ~2.3 nJ for circuit designs with a bias voltage of 0.5 V, with ~230 fJ or less being achievable for lower bias voltages.
The Politics of Personal Crisis: How Negative Life Events Affect Political Participation

Economic risk and instability are urgent and central facts in the lives of increasing numbers of Americans. Though “personal” in nature, the causes of life disruptions like job loss, eviction, and loss of health insurance are deeply political. Nonetheless, existing scholarship does not offer a comprehensive picture of how disruptions to one’s personal life affect political behavior. We use recent data from several large surveys to assess the relationships between personal crises and voter turnout. Considering such crises both individually and cumulatively, we find that personal crises appear more likely to dampen participation than encourage it, and that this is especially true as the number of such crises grows. Our findings speak to the importance of considering life disruptions and crises in the study of political behavior, particularly in an era when Americans’ lives are especially precarious.
A new approach to develop large-scale land-use models using publicly available data:

Developing a land-use model for large-scale cases is a topic that has received less attention in the literature, while it is crucial for transportation engineers and urban planners to analyze the e...
Debunking misinformation using a game theoretic approach

The growth in social media communication has witnessed an increase in misinformation. The harmful effects of misinformation range from defamation of reputation to loss of life. Information Systems research has a long history of studying the antecedents of misinformation and how to find out when it occurs. However, there is limited research on how to deal with the harm caused by misinformation. The governing bodies responsible for handling misinformation need to be strategic in addressing ever-increasing misinformation and prioritizing the type of misinformation. In this study, we propose an evolutionary theoretic-based game model to establish equilibrium to optimize the efforts needed by the governing bodies to debunk the misinformation. We propose to empirically validate our model using COVID-19-related social media tweets using experiments. In doing so, we contribute to a growing body of literature on misinformation harm and evolutionary game theory, while offering practical solutions to address an important societal problem. © AMCIS 2021.
THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE EVENT

‘The Geography and the Event’ seeks to ‘misread’ (along the lines suggested by the volume's English translator) Mahmoud Darwish's Memory for Forgetfulness, the poet's memoir of the Israeli siege of Beirut in the summer of 1982, by way of comparison/contrast with the 2009 Goldstone Report (‘Human Rights in Palestine and Other Occupied Arab Territories’) on the Israeli three-week siege of Gaza (Operation Cast Lead) in late 2008–2009.
Simultaneous localization and mapping using a micro-particle swarm optimization

Scan matching is a popular way of calculating a robot's position given range data corresponding to objects in the environment. This paper proposes a simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm that uses micro-particle swarm optimization as an alternative method to the traditional scan matching algorithms. The effectiveness of this algorithm is tested and compared to other popular simultaneous and localization algorithms.
Evaluating House Price Forecasts

This study uses an autoregressive process to model a city-wide house price index. The model is used to produce one-quarter ahead forecasts for individual properties. We propose that managers use a ...
Derivation of voltage and current transfer functions for multiconductor transmission lines

A set of compact equations is derived for a system of multiconductor transmission lines with arbitrary source and load termination networks. The derivations are based on defining the reflection coefficient matrix for multiconductor transmission lines. Expressions for the voltage and current transfer functions are derived. For the two-conductor case, the equations reduce to well known results. The expressions are very suitable for straightforward coding on a computer. The validity of the derived equations is checked with published experimental and computer models for three- and four-conductor transmission line systems. >
Brazing of Porous Alumina to Monolithic Alumina with Ag-CuO and Ag-V2O5 Alloys

The feasibility of joining porous alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) bodies to monolithic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} using Ag-CuO and Ag-V{sub 2}O{sub 5} alloys via reactive air brazing (RAB) was examined for a nanoporous filter application. Brazing for these systems is complicated by the conflicting requirements of satisfactory wetting to fill the braze gap, while minimizing the infiltration of the porous body. By varying the firing time, temperature, and initial powder size, porous bodies with a range of pore microstructures were fabricated. The wettability was evaluated via sessile drop testing on monolithic substrates and porous body infiltration. Porous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/monolithic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} brazed samples were fabricated, and the microstructures were evaluated. Both systems exhibited satisfactory wetting for brazing, but two unique types of brazing behavior were observed. In the Ag-CuO system, the braze alloy infiltrated a short distance into the porous body. For these systems, the microstructures indicated satisfactory filling of the brazed gap and a sound joint regardless of the processing conditions. The Ag-V{sub 2}O{sub 5} alloys brazed joints exhibited a strong dependence on the amount of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} available. For Ag-V{sub 2}O{sub 5} alloys with large V{sub 2}O{sub 5} additions, the braze alloy aggressively infiltrated the porousmore » body and significantly depleted the Ag from the braze region resulting in poor bonding and large gaps within the joint. With small additions of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, the Ag infiltrated the porous body until the V{sub 2}O{sub 5} was exhausted and the Ag remaining at the braze interlayer bonded with the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Based on these results, the Ag-CuO alloys have the best potential for brazing porous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} to monolithic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.« less
Comparison of the binding properties of bovine plasma albumin and polyvinylpyrrolidone; equilibrium dialysis and titrimetry.

Abstract Three undialyzed PVP samples with appreciably different average molecular weights were each found to possess at least two different types of ionizable groups. The titratable sites are associated with dialyzable PVP molecules or dialyzable impurities. Exhaustively dialyzed PVP solutions are essentially non-ionogenic throughout a pH range of 3.5 to 10. Both undialyzed and exhaustively dialyzed PVP solutions combine with the organic anion, BPB. Equilibrium dialysis indicated that the dye is bound to the repeating unit rather than only to end groups. The affinity of BPB for three different PVP samples at 4°C and 36.5°C may be described with statistical terminology using the concepts of multiple equilibria in conjunction with the Langmuir isotherm. Only one type of site appeared to be involved in the binding process. No evidence of an electrostatic factor could be demonstrated. Binding decreased with an increase in temperature. Calculations indicated that about 5% of the repeating units may be maximally bound with BPB. Bovine plasma albumin combines with BPB in such a manner as to indicate: (a) The binding is statistical at a pH of 8.6 in the Veronal buffer (n = 3, —ΔF°= 6700 cal/mole). By decreasing the pH to 7.4 with the phosphate buffer the binding is increased but is no longer free of electrostatic effects, (b) A greater effect of temperature on binding could be demonstrated when the protein concentration was lower. Bovine plasma gamma globulin does not combine with BPB (phosphate buffer, PH 7.4, 4°C).
Demand-Side Technology Standards Under Inefficient Pricing Regimes

When price-setting regulators haveobjectives other than maximizing socialsurplus, the conservation potential ofdemand-side technology standards can besignificantly diminished. This paperdemonstrates this by empirically recovering thesocially sub-optimal preferences of a group ofwater managers in a groundwater-dependentregion of California and simulating theirinefficient price response to the mandatedadoption of low-flow appliances by homeowners. The resulting reduction in the conservationpotential of these appliances is quantified,and a modest tax is shown to be a relativelycost-effective policy tool for conservation. If non-price conservation policies arepreferred according to equity criteria, thepaper suggests that, in order to preserve theirconservation potential, policy-makers should berequired to continue to set prices as if notechnology standards had been introduced.
High-security optical integrated stream ciphers

We propose a new optical stream cipher for security applica- tions. The stream cipher's security is enhanced using hybrid cellular au- tomata to replace uniform cellular automata as the keystream genera- tors. The encoded ciphertext is obtained by randomly encoding both the initial states of cellular automata and their evolution rules. This results in an increase in complexity to crack the keystream generator and, thus, enhances the security of stream ciphers. The hardware implementation can be also correspondingly reduced. An optical solid-integrated scheme is suggested to implement the proposed stream cipher for high-speed encryption and decryption. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi- neers. (S0091-3286(99)00201-9)
Anisotropic Power Law Strain Correlations in Sheared Amorphous 2D Solids

The local deformation of steadily sheared two-dimensional Lennard-Jones glasses is studied via computer simulations at zero temperature. In the quasistatic limit, spatial correlations in the incremental strain field are highly anisotropic. The data show power law behavior with a strong angular dependence of the scaling exponent, and the strongest correlations along the directions of maximal shear stress. These results support the notion that the jamming transition at the onset of flow is critical, but suggest unusual critical behavior. The predicted behavior is testable through experiments on sheared amorphous materials such as bubble rafts, foams, emulsions, granular packings, and other systems where particle displacements can be tracked.
Solution of the 1,3-contracted Schrödinger equation through positivity conditions on the two-particle reduced density matrix

Correlation energies and reduced density matrices (RDMs) of atoms and molecules are directly computed by solving the 1,3-contracted Schr\"odinger equation (1,3-CSE). The solution of the 1,3-CSE synthesizes two optimization strategies recently employed for the direct determination of the 2-RDM: (i) variational minimization of the energy with respect to a 2-RDM constrained by positivity conditions [D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. A $65,$ 062511 (2002)] and (ii) the contracted power method for solving the 2,4-CSE [D. A. Mazziotti, J. Chem. Phys. $116,$ 1239 (2002)]. While both the 3- and the 4-RDMs in the 2,4-CSE are reconstructed from the 2-RDM by cumulant expansions, similar techniques cannot be directly applied to the 1,3-CSE because constructing the 2-RDM from the 1-RDM with cumulant theory does not improve upon the mean-field approximation. We, however, establish a unique mapping from the 1-RDM to the 2-RDM by searching for the 2-RDM, constrained by contraction and N-representability conditions, which minimizes the energy. The 2-RDM constrained search is practically implemented through recent advances in positive semidefinite programming. With the variational reconstruction of the 2-RDM and a cumulant reconstruction of the 3-RDM, the 1,3-CSE may be solved via a contracted power method for the ground-state energy and RDMs. The initial RDMs, it is shown, need not be N representable for the contracted power method to converge; this allows us to choose the original RDMs from a variational calculation with approximate N-representability conditions on the 2-RDM. Application of the 1,3-CSE algorithm to atoms and molecules yields highly accurate correlation energies both near and far from equilibrium geometries.
ROC Analysis of Chest Radiographs Using Computed Radiography and Conventional Analog Films

Abstract Receiver operating characteristic is used to compare the image quality of films obtained digitally using computed radiography (CR) and conventionally using analog film following fluoroscopic examination. Similar radiological views were obtained by both modalities. Twenty -four cases, some with a solitary noncalcified nodule and /or pneumothorax, were collected. Ten radiologists have been tested viewing analog and CR digital films separately. Final results indicate that there is no statistically significantdifference in the ability to detect either a pneumothorax or a solitary noncalcified nodulewhen comparing CR digital film with conventional analog film. However, there is a trendthat indicated the area under the ROC curves for detection of either a pneumothorax or solitary noncalcified nodule were greater for the analog film than for the digital film. Introduction With the advent of computed radiographic system, there is a need to determinethe diagnostic quality of digital images as compared to traditional analog film.
Dipole polarizability of the fluoride ion with many-body methods

The dipole polarizability of ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and the electron affinity of F are studied using full fourth-order many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) and the infinite-order coupled-cluster single- and double-excitation model (CCSD). It is shown that the fourth-order correlation corrections for the polarizability of ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are larger than second-order, raising questions about the suitability of finite-order methods for including electron correlation effects on the polarizability of this system. MBPT-CC results in a variety of basis sets suggest that the experimentally unknown polarizability of ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is \ensuremath{\sim} 18-20 a.u., of which a large percentage is due to the inclusion of triple-excitation effects.
Influence of heparin and protamine on enlargement of the draining lymph node during induction of EAE.

Abstract Popliteal lymph node enlargement four days after immunization with encephalitogenic guinea pig basic protein in Freund's complete adjuvant (EGPBP-FCA) was less in heparin treated and greater in protamine-treated Lewis rats than in salineinjected controls. These agents were without influence on the node enlargement occasioned by Freund's adjuvant alone or on node size in nonimmunized rats. Decreased cell trapping in the node in heparinized rats and increased trapping in protamine-treated rats immunized with EGPBP-FCA is suggested.
An operating system model

This paper describes an operating system (OS) simulator designed to be used as an instructional tool in the teaching of OS performance issues. Design criteria, assumptions used, development, and implementation of the model are discussed. The model provides a hands-on laboratory tool for experimentation with a layered, modular, multitasking, event driven OS. Incorporated in the model is the capability to experiment with a variety of job mixes. A flexible report generator presents the results of the simulation in a readable form. Empirical validation indicates that the model simulates typical OS behavior, and that it has potential for becoming an effective teaching tool.
Safe harbours for the integration of new DNA in the human genome

Interactions between newly integrated DNA and the host genome limit the reliability and safety of transgene integration for therapeutic cell engineering and other applications. Although targeted gene delivery has made considerable progress, the question of where to insert foreign sequences in the human genome to maximize safety and efficacy has received little attention. In this Opinion article, we discuss 'genomic safe harbours' - chromosomal locations where therapeutic transgenes can integrate and function in a predictable manner without perturbing endogenous gene activity and promoting cancer.
OCLC's Local Library System: LS/2000

The four major subsystems of OCLC's LS/2000 are described. These include: 1) multibranch circulation and online catalog searching, 2) online cataloging and authority file maintenance, 3) management report generation, and 4) system set up parameters that translate local library policy and customize the system. All functions access a common integrated database.
THE FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF VERY LARGE NEUTRAL POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Here we report the computed far-infrared (FIR) spectra of neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules containing at least 82 carbons up to 130 carbons and with shapes going from compact round and oval-type structures to rectangular and to trapezoidal. The effects of size and shape on the FIR band positions and intensities are discussed. Using FIR data from the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database Version 1.1, we generate synthetic spectra that support the suggestion that the 16.4, 17.4, and 17.8 μm bands arise from PAHs.
From Love at First Sight to Soul Mate: The Influence of Romantic Ideals in Popular Films on Young People's Beliefs about Relationships

Despite their popularity, few studies have systematically investigated the content of romantic comedy movies or the effects they may have on viewers. We conducted two studies to address this gap. The first study was a content analysis of the romantic ideals embedded in the top 52 highest grossing romantic comedies from the last 10 years. Results demonstrated that romantic ideals and challenges are prevalent in these films. The second study was a large-scale survey of 335 undergraduate students, who were asked to report on their romantic comedy movie viewing and beliefs about romance. Results showed that individuals who watched these films in order to learn reported stronger endorsement of romantic ideal beliefs than those who did not watch to learn.
Long-term follow-up after radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in patients with tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation

Four of 12 patients (33%) with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and tachycardia-induced atrial fibrillation (AF) had recurrences of paroxysmal AF after successful catheter ablation of the PSVT. This study demonstrates that AF often remains a problem after radiofrequency catheter ablation of PSVT in patients with tachycardia-induced AF, and it may not be possible to predict in which patients this will be the case.
Book Review: Nanostructures in Electronics and Photonics

This PDF file contains the editorial “Book Review: Nanostructures in Electronics and Photonics” for JNP Vol. 3 Issue 01