cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Rhetorics of Negotiation

This article offers a framework for understanding negotiations in terms of several distinct and coherent "rhetorics" (or sets of speech acts). These are (1) the rhetoric of distributive bargaining (haggling); (2) the rhetoric of integrative or "win-win" bargaining; (3) the rhetoric of argument, including formal legal argument; (4) the rhetorics of selling and threatening; (5) the rhetorics by which one party might seek to manage the other's understandings of the parties and their situation; (6) the rhetoric of narrative; and (7) the rhetoric of reciprocity. In this way, the author seeks to identify and explain the full range of speech acts that may simultaneously bear upon the conduct and the outcome of negotiations. The author departs from existing literatures that divide the universe of possible negotiations according to their particular characteristics (e.g., zero-sum v. non-zero-sum games); identify alternative styles or approaches among which negotiators must choose (e.g., competitive v. cooperative, win-lose v. win-win); or argue that one such style or approach is ethically or instrumentally superior to another. The author's argument draws on the literatures of rhetoric, communications and argumentation; economics and game theory; sociology, social psychology, anthropology and literary theory; political and diplomatic history; labor management relations; the manuals for criminal interrogation; and six centuries of self-help books. It also draws on Virgil's Aeneid and Shakespeare's Henry V and Othello; on the propaganda films of Leni Riefenstahl and Frank Capra; and on To Kill a Mockingbird, Lawrence of Arabia, The Godfather, The Untouchables, The Tin Men and A Pretty Woman.
Transcytotic vesicular carriers for polymeric IgA receptors accumulate in rat hepatocytes after bile duct ligation.

In rat hepatocytes, transcytotic vesicular carriers transport the mature 120 × 10(3) Mr form of the polymeric IgA receptor (pIgA-R), with or without its ligand, pIgA, from the sinusoidal to the biliary plasmalemma, where the ectodomain of the receptor is cleaved to produce an 80 × 10(3) Mr fragment that is secreted into the bile. Here we show that cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation results in the accumulation of transcytotic carriers, identified by the 120 × 10(3) Mr pIgA-R and pIgA, in the pericanalicular cytoplasm of hepatocytes. To determine the extent of pIgA-R accumulation, hepatic total microsomes (TM) were prepared from control and cholestatic rats. Solubilized TM proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and receptor forms were detected by immunoblotting and autoradiography. Quantitative densitometry of these autoradiograms showed that after duct ligation the 120 × 10(3) Mr receptor accumulated to a level approximately threefold higher than the control. Concomitantly, immunologically related, novel 124, 90 and 80 × 10(3) Mr proteins (cholestatic antigens) became detectable. Immunoblot analyses of biliary and serum proteins showed that cholestasis resulted in: (1) a marked decrease in the concentrations of the 80 × 10(3) Mr receptor and pIgA in the bile, whereas albumin concentrations remained at control levels; and (2) a marked increase in the concentration of the 80 × 10(3) Mr receptor in the serum. Positive sites for pIgA-R were localized to the pericanalicular cytoplasm of hepatocytes by indirect immunofluorescence on semithin frozen sections in cholestatic hepatocytes. The sites were more numerous and the positive signal stronger than in controls. One day post-ligation, pIgA-positive sites were located to the same pericanalicular cytoplasm of hepatocytes; by three days, however, most pIgA appeared in sinusoidal endothelia and Kupffer cells. To validate the vesicular character of the receptor-positive sites, sham-operated and cholestatic livers were processed for either transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or immunogold localization of receptors on thin frozen sections. TEM verified the accumulation of pericanalicular vesicles in cholestatic hepatocytes. Immunogold tests localized pIgA-R to pleiomorphic, pericanalicular vesicles, which were increased in number, size and concentration of antigenic sites in cholestatic hepatocytes. These findings indicate that bile duct ligation provides a method for manipulating the in vivo transcytotic pathway and for accumulating previously unstudied transcytotic carriers in hepatocytes.
Indirect immunofluorescent assays for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell-associated antigen. Elimination of nonspecific fluorescent stain on lymphoid cells.

Seventy-six children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were examined for T- and B-cell markers (sheep erythrocyte receptors and surface immunoglobulins, respectively) on leukemic cells. B-cell-associated or la-like antigen (la) and ALL-associated antigen (ALLA) were also assayed with indirect immunofluorescent technic using anti-EP and anti-ALL respectively. Four patients were found to have T-cell ALL; one patient was not classifiable, owing to changing expression of markers. Seventy-one patients had null-cell ALL without the T- or B-cell marker; 58 of these patients were ALLA positive (+). ALLA(+) patients were invariably Ia(+). The percentage of ALLA(+) cells closely correlated with the percentage of blast cells in the blood. Thirty-nine healthy subjects, 38 patients without leukemia and 54 patients with other leukemias were studied as negative controls for anti- ALL. Cells from some control subjects showed anti-ALL reactivity. Their cells also demonstrated nonspecific stains in the indirect immunofluorescent technic when normal rabbit serum was used instead of anti-ALL. Preincubating cells with human IgG and goat antihuman IgG eliminated the nonspecific stain on lymphoid cells, presumably by preempting Fc-receptors on the cell surface. With incorporation of this step to the immunofluorescent technic, mononuclear cells from the control subjects and marrow cells from patients with ALL in remission did not react with the anti-ALL. Enumeration of anti- ALL cells may be used to monitor disease activity in patients with ALL.
Using Light to Build Quantum Networks of Atoms

Laser-cooled atomic ions are standards for quantum information science, acting as qubit memories with unsurpassed levels of quantum coherence while also allowing near-perfect measurement.
Comparison of Selected e-Books and Equivalent Print Books: Have Handheld Portable Devices Increased Use in Three Aggregated Resources?

This case study examined how technological innovations such as handheld portable devices (e.g., Barnes & Noble's NOOK, Amazon's Kindle, Apple's iPad, and smartphones) revolutionized collection development and information dissemination at The University of Tennessee Health Science Center. Selected titles in three e-book resources, McGraw-Hill, MD Consult, and Stat!Ref, were compared with equivalent print book counterparts to gain insight into patron use and trends, as well as to unveil potential consequences for collection development with respect to the proliferation of e-book versus print media use. Results definitely showed an unprecedented surge in e-book use compared with the equivalent print title. What is more, in some cases, e-book use exceeded print material use by 1,005%, thus engendering major policy challenges for collection development librarians. Equally salient, e-books were used more than print titles. This study also revealed that patrons continued using print titles in spite of the availa...
Phosphorus and nitrogen utilization responses of broiler chickens to dietary crude protein and phosphorus levels.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary CP levels on pre-cecal digestibility and total tract retention of phosphorus (P) in broiler chickens. A total of 384 14-day-old male broiler chickens were used in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 6 replicates per treatment in a 7-d experimental period. There were 8 corn-soybean meal-based diets in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, which included 2 CP levels (10.7 or 21.5%) and 4 apparent total tract digestible P (ATTDP) levels (0.18, 0.32, 0.45, or 0.59%). Soybean meal and mono-calcium phosphate were used to adjust the CP and ATTDP levels, respectively. At the end of the experiment, BW was recorded and digesta samples from the distal two-thirds of ileum and mucosa samples from the middle of the jejunum were collected. Total RNA also was isolated from mucosa samples and used for real-time PCR to determine the gene expression of sodium-phosphate co-transporter IIb (NaPi-IIb). Results showed that low dietary CP level limited the growth performance (P < 0.01), pre-cecal digestion, and total tract retention of P (P < 0.01), and NaPi-IIb gene expression (P < 0.05), compared with high dietary CP. Pre-cecal digestion and total tract retention of P (g/kg DM intake) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing ATTDP levels in both low and high CP groups. In conclusion, this study suggests an interrelationship between N and P digestion such that CP deficiency decreased the growth performance of birds consequently reducing pre-cecal P digestion in broiler chickens. Total tract retention of CP and P are linked with each other and body tissue growth may be a driver of the deposition of these 2 nutrients. Supplementation of protein may be necessary in diets during P digestibility studies to ameliorate an effect of protein deficiency on P digestion and retention.
Application of Website Group Technology in Research Institutes Website Construction

Currently,the number of research institutes website is numerous,while the information can not be shared,as well as unsafe code and the heavy maintenance work.In this paper,a new website group technology was introduced,which simplified the process of website development and daily management,and then realized the dynamically creation and cluster management of each unit site.
Comparing uncertainty resulting from two-step and global regression procedures applied to microbial growth models.

Two different microbial modeling procedures were compared and validated against independent data for Listeria monocytogenes growth. The most generally used method is two consecutive regressions: growth parameters are estimated from a primary regression of microbial counts, and a secondary regression relates the growth parameters to experimental conditions. A global regression is an alternative method in which the primary and secondary models are combined, giving a direct relationship between experimental factors and microbial counts. The Gompertz equation was the primary model, and a response surface model was the secondary model. Independent data from meat and poultry products were used to validate the modeling procedures. The global regression yielded the lower standard errors of calibration, 0.95 log CFU/ml for aerobic and 1.21 log CFU/ml for anaerobic conditions. The two-step procedure yielded errors of 1.35 log CFU/ml for aerobic and 1.62 log CFU/ ml for anaerobic conditions. For food products, the global regression was more robust than the two-step procedure for 65% of the cases studied. The robustness index for the global regression ranged from 0.27 (performed better than expected) to 2.60. For the two-step method, the robustness index ranged from 0.42 to 3.88. The pre'dictions were overestimated (fail safe) in more than 50% of the cases using the global regression and in more than 70% of the cases using the two-step regression. Overall, the global regression performed better than the two-step procedure for this specific application.
Factors That Contribute to the Likeliness of Academic Recovery

Institutions of higher education invest a lot of resources into supporting and retaining students, and most colleges and universities offer systems of support for students who struggle academically...
Onset of Chaos in Duffing Oscillator Systems

The Duffing oscillator is a damped anharmonic oscillator with a periodic driving force.(2) This model can represent a non-degenerate laser-pumped normal mode which undergoes irreversible energy loss into unpumped background modes in a molecule.
Abstract 3902: Novel selective estrogen receptor downregulators developed using endocrine-independent breast cancer cell lines

Approximately 70% of breast cancer patients are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Aromatase inhibitors and the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), tamoxifen, are the first line treatments for these patients; however, almost 50% of patients either do not respond or acquire resistance. Multiple mechanisms, including mutations of the ESR1 gene, contribute to resistance via ligand-independent constitutive activation of ER. Selective estrogen down-regulators (SERDs) that block ligand-dependent and independent ER signaling by ablation of ER, offer a therapeutic approach to treatment-resistant, advanced stage and early stage ER+ breast cancer. Therapeutic use of the first generation SERD, fulvestrant (Faslodex), has largely remained 2nd and 3rd line, because of poor physiochemical/pharmacokinetic properties. Novel benzothiophene based SERDs were designed, synthesized, and optimized and assayed in three tamoxifen-resistant (TR), endocrine-independent ER+ MCF-7 and T-47D cell lines. Cell viability, ERE-luciferase response, and ER degradation was measured and compared to parent endocrine-dependent MCF-7 and T-47D cell lines in 2D and/or 3D spheroid cell cultures and compared to SERDs, fulvestrant and GDC-0810. Pharmacokinetic analysis was used to select novel SERDs for xenograft studies. Citation Format: Rui Xiong, Jiong Zhao, Lauren Gutgesell, Debra Tonetti, Gregory Thatcher. Novel selective estrogen receptor downregulators developed using endocrine-independent breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3902.
COMPOUNDING STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

In this chapter we treat a series of isolated stochastic models, partly motivated by apphcations to astronomy, biology, engineering, and physics. These processes are formed by compounding various classical processes, including Poisson, branching, and growth processes of the diffusion type. In each case, a secondary process feeds into a primary process whose state variable is the object of study. In Section 1 we will characterize multidimensional Poisson processes and in the following section give an apphcation to astronomy. The concept of multidimensional Poisson processes will play an important part in the formulation of cascade or compound stochastic processes. Some of these will be studied in the later sections of this chapter (e.g., see Section 2). In Section 3, we examine a stochastic model involving growth and immigration. In Section 4 we formulate a stochastic process of growth involving two types, a normal type and a mutant type. The population of wild (i.e., normal) types grows deterministically while the mutant type grows in accordance with the laws of a Markov branching process. Moreover, each normal type at its death (hfetime is exponentially distributed) changes into a mutant type and then reproduces like any other mutant individual. Sections 5 and 6 treat stochastic models of growth which take account of the factor of geographical distribution and spread of the population as well as their natural growth behavior. The Stochastic processes investigated are typical of a large class of general cascade processes. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the student to the richness of apphcations and subtleties of analysis of problems involving combinations of stochastic processes. Section 7 is devoted to a review of some deterministic models of population growth, taking account of the age structure of the population.
Out of the weeds? Reduced plant invasion risk with climate change in the continental United States

Abstract Identifying invasion risk is critical for regional prioritization of management and monitoring, however, we currently lack a comprehensive assessment of the invasion risk posed by plants for the United States. We aim to quantify geographic invasion risk for currently established terrestrial invasive plants in the continental U.S. under current and future climate. We assembled a comprehensive occurrence database for 896 terrestrial invasive plant species from 33 regional collections of field and museum data and projected species ranges using MaxEnt species distribution models based on current (1950–2000 average) and future (2040–2060 average) climate. We quantified geographic invasion risk as differences in species richness, invasion debt, range infilling, and identification of hotspots. Potential invasive plant richness was higher than observed richness, particularly in eastern temperate forests, where as many as 83% of species with suitable climate have not yet established. A small percentage (median = 0.22%) of species' potential ranges are currently occupied by them. With climate change, potential invasive plant richness declined by a median of 7.3% by 2050. About 80% of invasive plant hotspots were geographically stable with climate change, with the remaining 20% shifting northward. Invasion hotspots and current invasion debt reveal extensive, ongoing risk from existing invasive plants across the U.S., particularly in the Southeast. Climate change alters the spatial distributions of focal species for monitoring and is likely to reduce overall invasion risk in many areas. Early detection and rapid response programs could be most effective in stemming the spread of invasive plant species in areas with increased risk under climate change, while areas with persistent high risk are candidates for containment and control. The areas with reduced risk are prime locations for invasion of new imports from tropical and subtropical climates, highlighting the simultaneous need for prevention strategies.
Detecting Tracking Failures from Correlation Response Maps

Tracking methods based on correlation filters have gained popularity in recent years due to their robustness to rotations, occlusions, and other challenging aspects of visual tracking. Such methods generate a confidence or response map which is used to estimate the new location of the tracked target. By examining the features of this map, important details about the tracker status can be inferred and compensatory measures can be taken in order to minimize failures. We propose an algorithm that uses the mean and entropy of this response map to prevent bad target model updates caused by problems such as occlusions and motion blur as well as to determine the size of the target search area. Quantitative experiments demonstrate that our method improves success plots over a baseline tracker that does not incorporate our failure detection mechanism.
Rats’ acquisition of the ephemeral reward task

The ephemeral reward task provides a subject with a choice between two alternatives A and B. If it chooses alternative A, reinforcement follows and the trial is over. If it chooses alternative B, reinforcement follows but the subject can also respond to alternative A which is followed by a second reinforcement. Thus, it would be optimal to choose alternative B. Surprisingly, Salwiczek et al. (PLoS One 7:e49068, 2012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.00490682012 ) reported that adult fish (cleaner wrasse) mastered this task within 100 trials, whereas monkeys and apes had great difficulty with it. The authors attributed the species differences to ecological differences in the species foraging experiences. However, Pepperberg and Hartsfield (J Comp Psychol 128:298–306, 2014) found that parrots too learned this task easily. We have found that with a similar task pigeons are not able to learn to choose optimally within 400 trials (Zentall et al. in J Comp Psychol 130:138–144, 2016). In Experiment 1 of the present study, we found that rats did not learn to choose optimally in 840 trials; however, in Experiment 2 we added a prior commitment to the initial choice by increasing delay to reinforcement for the choice response from a single lever press to the first lever press after 20 s (FI20 s). In a comparable amount of training to Experiment 1, the rats learned to choose optimally. Although the use of a prior commitment increases the delay to reinforcement, it appears to reduce impulsive responding which in turn leads to optimal choice.
5-HTTLPR moderates the association between attention away from angry faces and prospective depression among youth

Attention bias to emotion has been studied as a risk factor associated with depression. No study has examined whether attention bias within the context of measured genetic risk leads to increased risk for clinical depressive episodes over time. The current study investigated whether genetic risk, as indexed by the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), moderated the relationship between attention bias to emotional faces and clinical depression onset prospectively across 18-months in a community sample of youth (n = 428; mean age = 11.97, SD = 2.28; 59% girls). Youth who attended away from angry emotional faces and were homozygous for the S allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were at greater risk for prospective depressive episode onset. The current study's findings highlight the importance of examining risk for depression across multiple levels of analysis and demonstrate attention away from threat as a possible point of intervention related to attention bias modification and depression treatment among youth.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most challenging forms of congenital heart disease to treat. Management of this condition consumes a substantial amount of energy, time, and bed capacity in many congenital heart centers in the Western world today. Simply defined, HLHS is a congenital malformation in which the left ventricle is inadequate and nonviable in its capacity to perform the function of systemic perfusion. The current conventional strategy of staged reconstruction involves the principles of right ventricular recruitment for systemic perfusion, aortic arch reconstruction, and a 2-step process of channeling systemic venous return directly to the pulmonary vasculature absent the use of a ventricular pump (bidirectional Glenn and Fontan operations). Initially promoted by Norwood in the early 1980s, the management protocol continues to evolve, leading to the survival of thousands of children who would otherwise succumb to this lethal condition. Article see p 638 The current management scheme offers the promise of creating survival for HLHS, truly a modern-day medical miracle; however, pitfalls exist at every step along the way. Overall mortality is one of the highest for any of the forms of congenital heart disease treated today. At best, only 2 of 3 neonates born with HLHS will live through completion of all 3 stages of surgery.1 First-stage surgical reconstruction is a technical challenge. Modifications to the style of delivery of pulmonary blood flow in the neonate (Blalock-Taussig shunt versus right ventricle–to–pulmonary artery conduit) were rigorously investigated in a landmark randomized clinical trial and were found to have only a small impact on early survival, with equalization of outcome by 18 months of age.2 Mortality between the first and second stages is still inexplicably and unacceptably high. For the survivors of surgery, the goal of creating a normal duration and quality of life …
THE ATTRACTION OF THE GRAPE ROOT BORER, VITACEA POLISTIFORMIS (HARRIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) TO (E,Z)-2,13 OCTADECADIENYL ACETATE AND THE EFFECTS OF RELATED ISOMERS ON ATTRACTION

The addition of one (1) percent (Z,Z)-3,13 octadecadienyl acetate to the grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), pheromone, (E,Z)-2,13 octadecadienyl acetate greatly increases capture of males in sticky traps. The numbers collected increased from 3 to 7 times depending on the test, location and time of year. The new blend is sufficiently attractive to provide an effect monitoring system for the species.
The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the voluntary decision of companies to address social and environmental concerns by contributing to a public good, reducing external costs, and increasing fairness or distributional equity. CSR is looked at from an economic point of view, focusing on environmental and natural resource issues with a particular emphasis on water. The term CSR is first clarified and contextualized before being situated in the economics literature. This note studies CSR from an economic angle, and looks at how it is in line with economic incentives. It focuses on: (1) the extent to which there is a need for CSR in terms of the characteristics of the economic environment that make CSR policies effective; and (2) how CSR policies interact with firms' operations and profit maximization. This technical note supports cases in the Darden course elective, “The Global Economics of Water.” Excerpt UVA-GEM-0143 Aug. 10, 2016 The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility The term corporate social responsibility (CSR) is often used these days. CSR refers to the voluntary decision of companies to address social and environmental concerns by contributing to a public good, reducing external costs, and increasing fairness or distributional equity. In this note, we look at CSR from an economic point of view. We focus on environmental and natural resource issues with a particular emphasis on water. We first clarify and contextualize the term CSR before we situate it in the economics literature. Public goods are nonexcludable and also provide benefits to those who don't buy a company's products. External costs are, by definition, social costs that are not directly borne by the firm. Paying fair wages may be less economically efficient than paying lower market wages. Companies undertaking CSR may therefore seem to be going beyond their own self-interest. CSR need not negatively affect a company's bottom line, however. Emphasizing the organic nature of a product, for example, can be an integral part of positioning or branding a product or company. Reducing materials waste may generate costs savings and satisfy supply chain requirements of business-to-business customers, such as Wal-Mart. Similarly, funding conservation projects in water basins may in fact be an effort by beverage companies to reduce the risk of being adversely affected by water scarcity. . . .
Effect of Step Anisotropy on Crystal Growth Inhibition by Immobile Impurity Stoppers

Step pinning by immobile stoppers is the most important crystal growth inhibition mechanism. It was first studied by Cabrera and Vermilyea in 1958, who considered the macroscopic effect of a periodic array of pinning sites. However, their analysis (and others since) involved uncontrolled approximations and did not consider what happens when step anisotropy induces faceting. Here we revisit the motion of a step past a periodic array of pinning sites, simulating the evolution numerically using a semi-implicit front-tracking scheme for anisotropic surface energies and kinetic coefficients. We also provide exact formulas for the average step velocity when the anisotropy is such that the interface is fully faceted. We compare the average step velocities obtained numerically to the estimates derived in the isotropic setting by Cabrera & Vermilyea (1958) and Potapenko (1993), and to the exact results obtained in the fully faceted setting. Our results show that while the local geometry of the propagating step var...
Using the Internet to Facilitate Career Choices in Psychology-Related Fields:

Career planning for psychology majors has broadened to include a diverse array of opportunities (e.g., medicine, law, education, government, and military). The Internet has made it possible for stu...
Cerebellar contribution to locomotor behavior: A neurodevelopmental perspective.

Abstract The developmental trajectory of the formation of cerebellar circuitry has significant implications for locomotor plasticity and adaptive learning at later stages. While there is a wealth of knowledge on the development of locomotor behavior in human infants, children, and adolescents, pre-clinical animal models have fallen behind on the study of the emergence of behavioral motifs in locomotor function across postnatal development. Since cerebellar development is protracted, it is subject to higher risk of genetic or environmental disruption, potentially leading to abnormal behavioral development. This highlights the need for more sophisticated and specific functional analyses of adaptive cerebellar behavior within the context of whole-body locomotion across the entire span of postnatal development. Here we review evidence on cerebellar contribution to adaptive locomotor behavior, highlighting methodologies employed to quantify and categorize behavior at different developmental stages, with the ultimate goal of following the course of early behavioral alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Since experimental paradigms used to study cerebellar behavior are lacking in both specificity and applicability to locomotor contexts, we highlight the use of the Erasmus Ladder – an advanced, computerized, fully automated system to quantify adaptive cerebellar learning in conjunction with locomotor function. Finally, we emphasize the need to develop objective, quantitative, behavioral tasks which can track changes in developmental trajectories rather than endpoint measurement at the adult stage of behavior.
Programmable Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, Programming, and Applications

Programmable digital signal processor - a survey VLIW processor architectures and algorithm mappings for DSP applications multimedia instructions in microprocessors for native signal processing reconfigurable computing and digital signal processing - past, present and future parallel architectures for programmable video signal processing OASIS - an optimized code generation approach for complex instruction set PDSP digital signal processing on MMX technology hardware/software cosynthesis of DSP systems data transfer and storage architecture issues and exploration in multimedia processors.
The use of non-vascularized bone grafts to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head: indications, techniques, and outcomes

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a multi-factorial disease with relatively unknown aetiology and unclear pathogenetic mechanism. Left untreated, the natural history of the disease is progressive collapse of the femoral head and destruction of the joint with substantial pain and disability. The disease primarily affects younger individuals, in whom many surgeons will typically prefer to delay performing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, increasing attention has been given to a wide variety of femoral head-preserving procedures. The use of non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) to treat ONFH has mainly been advocated for pre-collapse and select, early post-collapse lesions. Currently, multiple studies reported on various non-vascularized bone grafting techniques of treating ONFH. Clinical outcomes have varied widely, with success rates reported between 55 and 87% in the short- to mid-term, with long-term results lacking. Due to the current paucity of studies, in this review we aimed to discuss (1) indications, (2) techniques, and (3) outcomes of non-vascularized bone grafting used to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Sleep and cardiometabolic health by government-assisted rental housing status among Black and White men and women in the United States.

Abstract Objectives To investigate Black-White disparities in suboptimal sleep and cardiometabolic health by government-assisted rental housing status. Design National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) pooled cross-sectional data (2004–2016). Setting United States. Participants Black and White adult participants (n = 80,880). Measurements Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals for self-reported unrecommended ( 9 hours) sleep duration (each separately vs recommended (≤7–9 hours)) and sleep difficulties (eg, trouble falling/staying asleep ≥3 days/week) (yes vs no) among Blacks compared to Whites within rental housing categories (government-assisted vs unassisted), separately, for men and women. Within sex/housing categories, we applied the same approach to compare cardiometabolic health outcomes (ie, overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke) between Blacks with worse sleep and Whites with recommended sleep. Models were adjusted for age and other potential confounders. Results Participants' mean age was 42 ± 18 years, 57% were female, and 30% Black. Blacks in unassisted housing had a higher prevalence of unrecommended and short sleep (PR = 1.22 [1.15–1.30] -men, PR = 1.14 [1.08–1.21] -women) compared to their White counterparts (phousing⁎race = 0.001 -men, phousing⁎race = 0.008 -women), but no Black-White differences (PR = 0.88 [0.73–1.07] -men, PR = 0.98 [0.89–1.09] -women) were observed among government-assisted renters. Generally, Blacks were less likely to report sleep difficulties than Whites. Cardiometabolic health disparities between Blacks with worse sleep and Whites with recommended sleep were generally smaller among government-assisted renters, but relationships varied by sex. Conclusions There were no racial disparities in short sleep duration, and cardiometabolic health disparities were generally attenuated when Blacks and Whites resided in government-assisted rental housing.
Disparities in Health Risk Behaviors and Health Conditions Among Rhode Island Sexual Minority and Unsure High School Students

Background Sexual minority students have higher risk for health-related behaviors. We examined 5 domains including 34 health risk behaviors and health conditions among sexual minorities and unsure students in Rhode Island. We also included sexual contact of heterosexually identified students to capture heterosexually identified students who may be considered sexual minorities by their behavior. Methods We used the 2007-2015 Rhode Island Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (N = 14,264). We categorized students into 4 groups: students self-identified as heterosexual and reported no sexual contact with same sex only or both sexes (group 1); self-identified as heterosexual and reported sexual contact with same sex only or both sexes (group 2); self-identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual (group 3); and responded as unsure (group 4). We used multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations of sexual minority and unsure students with 34 health risk behaviors and health conditions accounting for complex sampling design. Results Students in groups 2-4 were more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors including violent behaviors, attempted suicide, substance use, and no physical activity than their peers. Conclusions As sexual minority youth continue to report higher rates of health-related risk behaviors, targeted evidence-based prevention approaches must focus on reducing these risk behaviors among those youth.
Development of Mobile Application for VRUs Using Computer Vision

Transportation has become a very important component for all ages in today's life. However, seniors often find difficulty in travelling through public transportation and even by their own vehicles. In such cases, augmented reality (AR) can be brought into picture for aiding elderly drivers and pedestrians. With the rapid growth of elderly mobile users, there is a possibility of using AR systems to aid elderly mobile users with mobility and independence. This research mainly concentrates on creating an application for elderly mobile users based on augmented reality that helps in virtual screening of directions using GPS and identifying the traffic signals and other sign boards. MATLAB/Simulink serves as an important software used to develop this application based on AR. Android studio is used to create the application based on augmented reality. Images or other types of data is captured by using sensors in Android devices, and the MATLAB image acquisition toolbox is used for processing the collected data. Once the MATLAB-based program is developed, it can be converted into Java codes if needed. Using Android Studio, the code will be used in the application. The development will include a voice navigation informing the direction in which the person should move, a traffic signal or a sign board.
Maternal metabolic factors during pregnancy predict early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk: the CANDLE Study.

We investigated the individual and additive effects of three modifiable maternal metabolic factors, including pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), on early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk. A total of 1425 mother–offspring dyads (953 black and 472 white) from a longitudinal birth cohort were included in this study. Latent class growth modeling was performed to identify the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from birth to 4 years in children. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between the maternal metabolic risk factors and child BMI trajectories and obesity risk at 4 years. We identified three discrete BMI trajectory groups, characterized as rising-high-BMI (12.6%), moderate-BMI (61.0%), or low-BMI (26.4%) growth. Both maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (adjusted relative risk [adjRR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.83) and excessive GWG (adjRR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13–2.58) were significantly associated with the rising-high-BMI trajectory, as manifested by rapid weight gain during infancy and a stable but high BMI until 4 years. All three maternal metabolic indices were significantly associated with childhood obesity at age 4 years (adjRR for pre-pregnancy obesity = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.62–3.10; adjRR for excessive GWG = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.09; and adjRR for GDM = 2.14, 95% = 1.47–3.12). In addition, risk of rising-high BMI trajectory or obesity at age 4 years was stronger among mothers with more than one metabolic risk factor. We did not observe any difference in these associations by race. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive GWG, and GDM individually and jointly predict rapid growth and obesity at age 4 years in offspring, regardless of race. Interventions targeting maternal obesity and metabolism may prevent or slow the rate of development of childhood obesity.
Every Nation Has Its Dish: Black Bodies & Black Food in Twentieth-Century America

In recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers to investigate the connectivity between Black foodways and Black identity in America. An important addition to this field of inq...
Imaging Diagnosis of Shoulder Girdle Fractures

The shoulder girdle is a frequently traumatized region of the skeleton. It is a complex structure comprised of several articulations and numerous ligaments, tendons, and muscles that suspend the upper extremity to the thorax and allow a tremendous range of motion. This chapter focuses on the patterns of fractures and dislocations in the shoulder with attention to important anatomic considerations, radiographic features, cross-sectional imaging, as well as characteristic postoperative appearances.
Transaction log analysis within a bento discovery system

Academic libraries have introduced bento-style discovery systems to address identified user issues with web-scale discovery systems. The bento systems partition search results into discrete areas on the screen grouped by content format type and/or local service results and address key user needs such as known-item search and streamlined full-text delivery. This poster reports on a transaction log study on the bento discovery system employed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library. The analysis looks at known-item vs exploratory searches, search argument characteristics, and user clickthrough behaviors.
DFMO upregulates transcription and translation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in vitro and increases steady state TSP-1 mRNA and protein levels in vivo in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells

1681 We have previously reported that alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) blocks metastasis and invasion of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells by activation of the MAPK pathway. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has been implicated in the suppression of metastasis in several systems; DFMO induces TSP-1 in MDA-MB-435 cells in a MAPK-dependent manner. Our present experiments were designed to investigate the regulation of TSP-1 by DFMO both in vitro and in vivo. Using an 35S-methionine pulse-chase assay in vitro we found that DFMO administration to MDA-MB 435 cells increased the TSP-1 protein synthesis rate by approximately 6-fold, although our data also show that DFMO reduced the half-life of TSP-1 modestly from 35 to 28 minutes. Using quantitative real time RT-PCR we found DFMO increased TSP-1 mRNA 2-fold. Using a TSP-1 promoter reporter assay we found that the relative luciferase activity of DFMO-treated cells is 1.5 times that of untreated cells. Using methylation specific PCR we found DFMO did not affect the degree of methylation of the TSP-1 promoter, suggesting this is not the mechanism responsible for increased transcription. The modest effect of DFMO on transcription compared to the robust induction of protein synthesis raises the possibility that a significant component of the DFMO effect may be at the translational level. The effect of DFMO on half life may reflect a change in secretion rate. In vivo we have repeatedly observed that DFMO administration to nude mice carrying human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-435 xenografts reduces the development of lung metastases by 90%. To determine if TSP-1 might play a role in vivo, we measured TSP-1 expression in these tumors. We observed that the TSP-1 mRNA in MDA-MB-435 xenografts was increased by DFMO administration, and the TSP-1 protein level was increased 2-fold. Overall, our results show that DFMO induces increased mRNA and translation in vitro, and increased mRNA and steady state protein in vivo. We are currently using siRNA to determine if TSP-1 is required for the DFMO-induced block to invasion and metastasis.
First-principles study of surface properties of crystalline and amorphous uranium aluminides

Abstract Surface energy is a crucial material property required for the modeling of fission gas bubble behavior in nuclear materials. However, there is no information available regarding the surface properties of uranium aluminides. In this work we systematically investigate the surface properties of uranium aluminides (UAl3 and UAl4) by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A total of 13 surface orientations with a maximum Miller index (MMI) up to 3 are studied for cubic UAl3, while 19 surfaces with a MMI of 2 for orthorhombic UAl4. Using the surface energies predicted by DFT, the surface properties of equilibrium single crystal UAl3 and UAl4, including surface area weighted surface energy, dominant surface orientations and surface anisotropy, are obtained from Wulff construction. To understand gas bubble behaviors in amorphous uranium aluminides under irradiation, we study the surface properties of amorphous UAl3 and UAl4. Compared to the crystalline phases, the amorphous phases are found to have lower surface energies due to the reduced number of breaking U-Al bonds close to the surface. The currently obtained surface properties of UAl3 and UAl4 can be used for the future modeling of gas bubble behaviors in both crystalline and amorphous uranium aluminide fuels.
The Influence of Psychological Factors on the Incidence and Severity of Sports-Related Concussions: A Systematic Review.

Background:An athlete’s preexisting psychological factors may influence the incidence and/or severity of sports-related concussions (SRCs).Purpose:To determine if emotional states, personality trai...
Idiopathic refractory ascites after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a previously unrecognized entity

At our center, we observed a series of patients who developed transudative refractory ascites secondary to noncirrhotic, non-veno-occlusive disease (VOD)-related portal hypertension after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Patients were considered to have idiopathic portal hypertension-related refractory ascites (IRA) if they developed ascites secondary to intrahepatic portal hypertension (serum ascites albumin gradient ≥1.1 g/dL or hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] >5 mm Hg), but did not meet the clinical criteria for classical VOD/sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) and did not have any alternate etiology of portal hypertension. From our institutional database, we identified 40 patients who developed IRA after allo-HSCT between 2004 and 2018. The patients' median age at the time of allo-HSCT was 54 years (range, 21-73 years). The median time to development of IRA after allo-HSCT was 80 days (range, 16-576 days). The median number of paracentesis was 3 (range, 1-11), and 15 (38%) patients had an intraperitoneal catheter placed for continued drainage of the rapidly accumulating ascites. Portal pressures were measured in 19 patients; 6 (15%) had moderate portal hypertension (HVPG 6-9 mm Hg), and 13 (33%) had severe portal hypertension (HVPG ≥ 10 mm Hg). Liver biopsy was performed in 24 patients. None of the patients met the criteria for classical VOD/SOS (clinical/histological) or cirrhosis (histological). The cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 63%, and the median survival duration after the development of the IRA was 7 months (range, 0.8-125.6 months). IRA is a poorly understood and often fatal complication of allo-HSCT.
41 – Synaptic Transmission

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses synaptic transmission, mediated by chemical neurotransmitter substances. The chapter focuses on chemical synaptic transmission, including another form of signal transfer referred to as electrical transmission, which is mediated by the gap junctions. Based on their morphofunctional characteristics, synaptic junctions can be classified as directed, fast-acting or nondirected, slow-acting synapses. The chapter discusses several concepts, including an overview of structure and function of chemical synapses and neurotransmission. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in presynaptic terminals and stored in synaptic vesicles (SV). Transmitter release is evoked by presynaptic APs, which activate influx of Ca2+ into terminals and trigger a Ca2+ dependent exocytosis of transmitter from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. Once released, neurotransmitters activate specific receptor-gated channels in the postsynaptic cell and elicit a transient change in the membrane permeability to cations or anions. Fast synaptic transmission is mediated by ionophoric receptors. Slow synaptic transmission is mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are associated with transmitter-induced increase in Na+ and K+ conductance of the synaptic membrane, resulting in net entry of positive charge carried by Na+ and membrane depolarization. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with transmitter-activated influx of Cl– and membrane hyperpolarization. The EPSPs at the skeletal neuromuscular junction are called end-plate potentials (EPPs). In a healthy neuromuscular junction, the EPPs are always large enough to depolarize the muscle membrane to threshold and trigger muscle APs. The EPSPs generated at any single neuro-neuronal synapse are usually too small to depolarize the postsynaptic neuron to threshold. Synaptic signals converging onto a neuron are normally integrated through summation of EPSPs and IPSPs and an AP is triggered only when the resultant membrane potential reaches or exceeds the threshold. Chemical synaptic transmission is subject to modulation by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including frequency and pattern of AP firing, which can either facilitate or depress the transmission across any given synapse.