cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Work Women's Sense of Fairness

The purpose of this article is to use a distributive justice approach to understand women's sense of fairness about family work. Previous research on family work is reviewed and organized around three factors that contribute to sense of fairness: Outcome values, comparison referents, and justifications. Women sense an injustice if they lack some outcome they desire, have a high standard for comparison, and believe there is no acceptable justification for being deprived of desired outcomes. To understand women's sense of fairness, researchers need to consider (a) valued outcomes other than time and tasks, (b) between-and within-gender comparison referents, and (c) gender-specific justifications for men's small contribution to family work.
The Context of Workplace Sex Discrimination: Sex Composition, Workplace Culture and Relative Power

Building on prior work surrounding negative workplace experiences, such as bullying and sexual harassment, we examine the extent to which organizational context is meaningful for the subjective experience of sex discrimination. Data draw on the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce, which provides a key indicator of individuals' sex discrimination experiences as well as arguably influential dimensions of organizational context—i.e., sex composition, workplace culture and relative power—suggested by prior research. Results indicate that the experience of sex discrimination is reduced for both women and men when they are part of the numerical majority of their work group. Although supportive workplace cultures mitigate the likelihood of sex discrimination, relative power in the workplace seems to matter little. We conclude by revisiting these results relative to perspectives surrounding hierarchy maintenance, group competition and internal cultural dynamics.
NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION Recruits PHOSPHATE2 to Target the Phosphate Transporter PT2 for Degradation during the Regulation of Arabidopsis Phosphate Homeostasis

The NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTION (NLA) gene was initially shown to function in nitrogen limitation responses; however, recent work shows that the nla mutant hyperaccumulates Pi, phenocopying the Pi signaling mutant pho2. PHO2 encodes a putative E2 conjugase, UBC24. Here, we show that NLA is an E3 ligase that specifically requires UBC24 for polyubiquitination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Among five members of the Pht1 Pi-transporter family tested, NLA associates only with PT2 (Pht1;4). The NLA-UBC24 pair mediates polyubiquitination of PT2 but not PT1. Posttranslational decay of PT2 at high Pi is blocked in pho2 and inhibited by MG132, indicating the requirement of UBC24 and 26S proteasomes. Consistent with NLA/UBC24 function, induced NLA expression causes a UBC24-dependent decrease in PT2 levels. Confocal microscopy of fusion proteins revealed an NLA/PT2 interaction at the plasma membrane. Collectively, these results show that under Pi-replete conditions, NLA and UBC24 target the PT2 transporter for destruction. During the Pi deprivation response, NLA and PHO2 transcripts are cleaved by miR399 and miR827, respectively, and our results suggest that this downregulation relieves the posttranslational repression of PT2, allowing it to accumulate and participate in Pi uptake. Our work provides additional molecular details describing Pi signaling/homeostasis regulation by identifying NLA and UBC24 as partners and PT2 as one of their downstream targets.
Evaluation of discrete transforms for use in digital speech recognition

Abstract Traditionally FFT (fast Fourier transform) has been utilized in recognition algorithms involving speech. Other discrete transforms such as Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) and rapid transform (RT) can play equally important roles in the recognition process as they have advantages in implementation and hardware realization. The capability of these transforms in recognizing phonemes based on training matrices and various matching criteria is investigated. The speech data base consists of ten sentences spoken by ten different speakers (all male). For recognition purposes the speech is sectioned into 10 ms intervals and is sampled at 20 KHz. Training matrices for all the three transforms are developed. Test matrices in the transform domain are compared with the prototypes based on these criteria which led to the decision process. WHT and RT appear to offer promise and potential compared to FFT as the former are easier to implement and as the yield recognition results comparable to those of the FFT. Other distance measures and recognition schemes are proposed for improving the classification accuracy.
Sensemaking in collaborative exploratory search

This paper reports on a study investigating the information seeking and sensemaking processes undertaken by groups engaged in collaborative exploratory searches. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight participants who each described two collaborative search experiences: one with friends or family who they knew well, and one with a project group for school or work. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the stages of a collaborative information seeking process, the need to support individual sensemaking efforts before sharing results, and current practices for summarizing and contextualizing results for collaborative sensemaking.
Abnormal joint torque patterns exhibited by chronic stroke subjects while walking with a prescribed physiological gait pattern

It is well documented that individuals with chronic stroke often exhibit considerable gait impairments that significantly impact their quality of life. While stroke subjects often walk asymmetrically, we sought to investigate whether prescribing near normal physiological gait patterns with the use of the Lokomat robotic gait-orthosis could help ameliorate asymmetries in gait, specifically, promote similar ankle, knee, and hip joint torques in both lower extremities. We hypothesized that hemiparetic stroke subjects would demonstrate significant differences in total joint torques in both the frontal and sagittal planes compared to non-disabled subjects despite walking under normal gait kinematic trajectories. A motion analysis system was used to track the kinematic patterns of the pelvis and legs of 10 chronic hemiparetic stroke subjects and 5 age matched controls as they walked in the Lokomat. The subject's legs were attached to the Lokomat using instrumented shank and thigh cuffs while instrumented footlifters were applied to the impaired foot of stroke subjects to aid with foot clearance during swing. With minimal body-weight support, subjects walked at 2.5 km/hr on an instrumented treadmill capable of measuring ground reaction forces. Through a custom inverse dynamics model, the ankle, knee, and hip joint torques were calculated in both the frontal and sagittal planes. A single factor ANOVA was used to investigate differences in joint torques between control, unimpaired, and impaired legs at various points in the gait cycle. While the kinematic patterns of the stroke subjects were quite similar to those of the control subjects, the kinetic patterns were very different. During stance phase, the unimpaired limb of stroke subjects produced greater hip extension and knee flexion torques than the control group. At pre-swing, stroke subjects inappropriately extended their impaired knee, while during swing they tended to abduct their impaired leg, both being typical abnormal torque synergy patterns common to stroke gait. Despite the Lokomat guiding stroke subjects through physiologically symmetric kinematic gait patterns, abnormal asymmetric joint torque patterns are still generated. These differences from the control group are characteristic of the hip hike and circumduction strategy employed by stroke subjects.
Adjustment to violent and natural deaths in later and earlier life for black and white widows.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the role of mode and unexpectedness of death, age, race, and marital status on psychological symptoms for widows approximately 6 months after their husbands' deaths. METHODS: Midwestern samples were drawn from death/divorce records for 276 Black and White women aged 19-74 whose husbands had died from homicide, suicide, or accidental death; 276 matched natural death widows; 188 separated/divorced women. RESULTS: Mode of death was not related to psychological symptoms. Contrary to expectation, widows of the men who had died from long-term natural illnesses exhibited more distress than widows of men who had died from violent and sudden, natural deaths combined. Indicative of their heightened overall symptoms, widows were more distressed than divorced women. Middle-aged and younger widows were more distressed than older ones. White widows reported more symptoms than Blacks in violent but not natural deaths. Black widows whose spouses had died from suicide had higher psychological distress on some indicators, supporting the greater stigma of suicide among Black persons. DISCUSSION: Results of smaller studies on the minimal role of mode of death in bereavement are supported, but more research on age, race, and "off-time" deaths in short- and long-term adjustment is needed. Language: en
Likelihood‐based methods for estimating the association between a health outcome and left‐ or interval‐censored longitudinal exposure data

The Michigan Female Health Study (MFHS) conducted research focusing on reproductive health outcomes among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). In the work presented here, the available longitudinal serum PBB exposure measurements are used to obtain predictions of PBB exposure for specific time points of interest via random effects models. In a two-stage approach, a prediction of the PBB exposure is obtained and then used in a second-stage health outcome model. This paper illustrates how a unified approach, which links the exposure and outcome in a joint model, provides an efficient adjustment for covariate measurement error. We compare the use of empirical Bayes predictions in the two-stage approach with results from a joint modeling approach, with and without an adjustment for left- and interval-censored data. The unified approach with the adjustment for left- and interval-censored data resulted in little bias and near-nominal confidence interval coverage in both the logistic and linear model setting.
The genus Drosophila as a model for testing tree- and character-based methods of species identification using DNA barcoding.

DNA barcoding has recently been proposed as a promising tool for the (1) rapid assignment of unknown samples to described species by non-expert workers and (2) a potential method of new species discovery based on degree of DNA sequence divergence. Two broad methods have been used, one based on degree of DNA sequence variation, within and between species and another requiring the recovery of species as discrete clades (monophyly) on a phylogenetic tree. An alternative method relies on the identification of a set of specific diagnostic nucleotides for a given species (characters). The genus Drosophila has long served as a model system in genetics, development, ecology and evolutionary biology. As a result of this work, species boundaries within this genus are quite well delimited, with most taxa being defined by morphological characters and also conforming to a biological species concept (e.g., partial or complete reproductive isolation has used to erect and define species). In addition, some of the species in this group have also been subjected to phylogenetic analysis, yielding cases where taxa both conform and conflict with a phylogenetic species concept. Here, we analyzed 1058 COI sequences belonging to 68 species belonging to Drosophila and its allied genus Zaprionus and with more than a single representative to assess the performance of the three DNA barcoding methods. 26% of the species could not be defined using distance methods, i.e. had a barcoding gap of 60, and 23% were not monophyletic. We focused then on four groups of closely-related species whose taxonomy is well-established on non-molecular basis (e.g., morphology, geography, reproductive isolation) and to which most of the problematic species belonged. We showed that characters performed better than other approaches in the case of paraphyletic species, but all methods failed in the case of polyphyletic species. For these polyphyletic species, other sources of evidence (e.g., morphology, geography, reproductive isolation) are more relevant than COI sequences, highlighting the limitation of DNA barcoding and the needs for integrative taxonomy approaches. In conclusion, DNA barcoding of Drosophila shows no reason to alter the 250 years old tradition of character-based taxonomy, and many reasons to shy away from the alternatives.
Optical spectroscopy and photodissociation dynamics of multiply charged ions

Abstract Multiply charged ions are intruiging species whose reactivity and thermodynamic stability depends on the extent of ligation. The possibility of dissociating to two singly charged ions, which is often highly exothermic, leads to spectroscopy and dissociation dynamics that are qualitatively different from their singly charged counterparts. Various methods of producing multiply charged ions are discussed. Spectroscopy of small molecular dications, ligated/solvated transition metal dications, and multiply charged biological ions and metal cluster ions are discussed, with emphasis on our studies of d–d transitions in solvated transition metal dications, and the ensuing dissociation dynamics.
Inhibition of IL-1β Transcription by Peptides Derived from the hCMV IE2 Transactivator

Abstract The immediate early (IE) proteins of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) have diverse roles in directing viral and host cell transcription. Among these is the ability of IE2 to induce transcription of the IL1B gene that codes for IL-1β in monocytes. This function is partially explained by interaction between IE2 and the host cell transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 (Spi-1). We now show that maximal IE2 function also depends on productive interactions localizing to two C/EBP sites on the IL1B promoter suggesting either bi- or tri-molecular interactions between IE2, Spi-1 and C/EBPβ at two different locations on the promoter. The IE2 interaction region on Spi-1 was previously mapped to the DNA-binding ETS domain and overlaps the region of Spi-1 that interacts with the transcription factor C/EBPβ, a factor known to be critical for the induction of IL1B in response to Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) family signal transduction. The Spi-1 interacting region of IE2 maps to amino acids 315–328, a sequence that also interacts with the bZIP domain of C/EBPβ. An expression vector coding for amino acids 291–364 of IE2 can suppress LPS induction of a co-transfected IL1B enhancer–promoter fragment in a monocyte cell line. This inhibition is likely the result of competition between Spi-1 and C/EBPβ, thus blunting gene induction.
Variations in Religious and Spiritual Practices Among Mothers and Grandmothers in Three Generational Households

This article discusses the experiences of members of six dyads of adolescent mothers and their mothers, residing together in three generational households, related to religion and spirituality. Using a grounded theory approach, grandmothers emphasized their reliance on organized religion or spirituality, although teenaged mothers did not share this perspective. The grandmothers, functioning as the family matriarch, wanted to socialize their grandchildren in faith. This merits further study about the transmission of religious values in three generational family systems and holds implications for faith communities in meeting congregant needs and for social workers in integrating religious and spiritual interventions with mothers.
Class and pedagogy: a case study of two Chicago preschools

Using a Bernsteinian theoretical framework, this study compares two American early childhood centres, one with a primarily progressive pedagogy (Frank Lloyd Wright Family Centre) and one with a primarily traditional pedagogy (Casimir Pulaski Centre), in high-poverty Chicago neighbourhoods to examine the effects of different pedagogic practices on the development of academic and non-academic skills in young children as measured by pre- and post-testing and observations over five months. The collected data demonstrate that students at Wright experienced greater levels of academic development than students at Pulaski. Children at both sites showed development in literacy and social/emotional skills, but the children at Wright also show development in problem-solving and imagination – skills that aid in abstract thought. While further study is needed on a broader scale, results from this study suggest that early childhood programmes with more progressive elements have the potential to better prepare children ...
Precision Measurements using Atoms and Photons

We discuss atom interferometers for tests of general relativity, measurement of the fine structure constant, and realizing a new definition of the kilogram. We give an outlook on gravitational waves and the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Post-Foreclosure Conveyance of Occupied Homes and Preferential Sales to Nonprofits: Rationales, Policies, and Underlying Conflicts

AbstractThis article explores the reasons why the conveyance of foreclosed homes with occupants makes sense, and why nonprofits should be given preferential treatment as purchasers, as well as the relevant policies and practices of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Housing Administration (HUD/FHA) and the Federal Housing Finance Agency and the Government-Sponsored Enterprises (FHFA/GSEs). It also presents recommendations for revising current policies, and suggestions for further research. These issues also raise underlying questions about how the federal agencies view their public purpose roles and the implications for possible increased long-term public costs to shelter low-income households displaced because of foreclosure of their homes. Although HUD/FHA’s guidelines allow for conveyance of foreclosed homes with occupants, the evidence—interviews with key stakeholders in Boston and data obtained from HUD through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request—reveal that ...
Surface Preparation Strategies for Improved Parallelization and Reproducible MALDI-TOF MS Ligand Binding Assays

Immunoassays are employed in academia and the healthcare and biotech industries for high-throughput, quantitative screens of biomolecules. We have developed monolayer-based immunoassays for MALDI-TOF MS. To improve parallelization, we adapted the workflow to photolithography-generated arrays. Our work shows Parylene-C coatings provide excellent “solvent pinning” for reagents and biofluids, enabling sensitive MS detection of immobilized components. With a unique MALDI-matrix crystallization technique we show routine interassay RSD <10% at picomolar concentrations and highlight platform compatibility for relative and label-free quantitation applications. Parylene-arrays provide high sample densities and promise screening throughputs exceeding 1000 samples/h with modern liquid-handlers and MALDI-TOF systems.
Diuretic Doppler sonography in postnatal hydronephrosis.

AbstractRenal resistive indexes were measured by Doppler sonography in 12 children undergoing other standard diagnostic studies to evaluate hydronephrosis. Measurement of renal resistive indexes was modified by prior placement of a bladder catheter, oral hydration and administration of 1mg./kg. furosemide after baseline measurement. Renal resistive indexes were again measured at 10 and 30 minutes after diuretic. While diuretic administration had no measurable influence on 10 nonob-structed kidneys, the elevated 10-minute post-diuretic renal resistive indexes recorded in 10 obstructed kidneys differed significantly from the indexes recorded in the nonobstructed group (p <0.001). The highest elevations in renal resistive indexes were recorded in nonpaired kidneys, which included 7 of the 10 kidneys in the obstructed group. In the 3 unilaterally obstructed kidneys the 10-minute post-diuretic renal resistive indexes did not differ significantly. However, renal resistive indexes in these kidneys increased at l...
Geotourism: a perspective from the USA

Although geology was the premier science in the United States (and indeed the world) throughout the nineteenth century (Gates et al., 2002), its popularity andFigure 9.1 Map of the United States showing the locations of National Parks and local sites that are discussed in the text. (A) Arches National Monument; (AF) Agate Fossil Beds National Monument; (B) Badlands National Park; (CL) Crater Lake; (D) Dinosaur National Monument; (DT) Devil’s Tower National Monument; (FB) Fossil Butte National Monument; (FL) Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument; (GC) Grand Canyon National Park; (H) Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument; (JD) John Day Fossil Beds National Monument; (K) Katmai National Park; (M) Mammoth Caves National Park; (P) Petrified Forest National Monument; (S) Sterling Hill Mine; (SH) Mount Saint Helens National Park; (V) Volcanoes National Monument; (Y) Yosemite National Park; (YS) Yellowstone National Park. Cities (bold letters): A, Atlanta; B, Boston; C, Chicago; D, Dallas; LA, Los Angeles; M, Miami;W,Washington, DC; SF, San Francisco.
SPACE-ENERGY FLUX SYNTHESIS IN TRANSPORT THEORY.

The efficacy of the overlapping group method in fast-reactor analysis is investigated and tested on an idealized fast-reactor configuration. A full transport-theory treatment is adopted and the ove...
Intellectual Property and the University: An Interview with Kim Bonner, Director, Center for Intellectual Property, University of Maryland, University College

LA&M met Kimberly Bonner, the director of the Center for Intellectual Property, University of Maryland, at Seton Hall University, where she was the keynote speaker at a conference that addressed copyright law and its applications in a university context. The Center for Intellectual Property, which focuses on policy research and developing conferences and workshops on issues such as the TEACH Act, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), peer-to-peer file sharing, and scholarly communication, also provides open-access Web services to the higher-education community.
SHOCK WAVE DIAGNOSTICS BY TIME-RESOLVED INFRARED RADIOMETRY AND NON-LINEAR RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Two different kinds of experimental techniques have been used to probe shocked materials. Inverse Raman (Raman-induced loss) spectroscopy (IRS) was used for time-resolved shock wave experiments. Explosive loading of stainless steel driver plates was used to shock cyclohexane and single-crystal pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN). Five GPa shocks in PETN and cyclohexane result in only small band frequency shifts. In a separate series of experiments, time-resolved infrared emission from shocked explosives with impedance matching, infrared transmitting windows was measured. Five nanosecond response-time radiometers with InSb and HgCdTe detectors have provided further insight into shock-induced reactions in explosives. Radiance histories of pressed TATB with IR windows exhibited resolved shock heating and following reaction heating and dramatic differences between particle size distributions pressed to the same density. Detonation wave infrared radiance histories from explosives with infrared transmitting windows provide a new experimental technique for detonation reaction zone structure. Recent single-frame, 12 ns-exposure image intensifier pictures of shocked explosives with impedance-matching windows show visible hot spots, and the results support the conclusions of the infrared data.
Flight in Drosophila : I. Flight Performance of Tethered Flies

1. Apparatus has been devised to record the principal parameters of the flight performance of tethered fruit-flies in a wind tunnel. 2. Typically these flies achieve level flight (lift = weight) at 200 cm./sec. and a body angle of + 10°. Lift varies directly with body angle except at very high angles; the stroke parameters are invariant with body angle. 3. Evidence is presented suggesting that these measurements are applicable to free flight. 4. The adaptive significance of the absence of a ‘lift-control reaction’ in fruit-flies is discussed.
Efficiency gains from integrated multipollutant trading.

Abstract Interest in expanding market-based approaches involving intra-pollutant trading (trading “like” pollutants) to allow inter-pollutant trading (trading “dis-similar” pollutants) is growing. Because many pollutants are regulated separately, designing inter-pollutant markets requires considering pre-existing regulatory constraints. We examine the optimal choices of inter- and intra-pollutant trade ratios when (i) some firms generate multiple pollutants affecting different media and (ii) permit caps are sub-optimal, having been exogenously specified by prior regulations. While the first-best outcome is unobtainable in this setting, we find inter-pollutant trading enhances efficiency by offering an additional policy instrument: the inter-pollutant trade ratio. Moreover, adjustments to intra-pollutant trade ratios reflecting the joint production of dis-similar pollutants can enhance efficiency. We also find realistic cases where inter-pollutant trading may universally improve environmental quality, easing concerns that trading across environmental media may harm one medium. An example of nitrogen trading in Pennsylvania’s Susquehanna River Basin illustrates our results.
Moving Beyond the Behavior-Change Framework for Smoking Cessation: Lessons for a Critical Ontology From the Case of Inpatient Psychiatric Units.

BACKGROUND: Leading scholars have called on nursing schools to pay more attention to smoking cessation in the education of nursing students. AIM: This article argues that attention to this subject ...
Zinc absorption and excretion in humans and animals

The existence of physiological controls on zinc metabolism may be inferred from the relatively small variations in tissue zinc levels which are observed in animals consuming diets varying widely in composition and zinc content.
Competition: Some behavioral issues

Conclusions drawn from research in the social sciences comparing the quality or quantity of performance under cooperation and competiton stress the advantages of cooperation. This generalization may be premature, however, because of the paucity of experimental analyses investigating variations in competitive conditions. Neglected in particular have been variables that affect reinforcement conditions among competitors. These include performance differences, the basis of reinforcement, reinforcer distribution, and stimuli that indicate the performances of other competitors. These variables provide the basis for a behavioral interpretation of performance under competition. The result is a clearer understanding of the options that are available in instituting competitive contingencies and the areas in which experimental analyses are needed.
THE NORMAL FORM THEOREMS AND CONSEQUENCES

This chapter discusses the normal form theorems and consequences. It also discusses the main relations that exist among recursive sets, recursively enumerable sets, and recursive functions, and their closure properties. After the positive closure properties of each class in regard to the Boolean operations and bounded or unbounded quantification has been established, the recursive predicates may be characterized in terms of the recursively enumerable predicates. The class of recursive predicates is closed under conjunction, disjunction, negation, explicit transformation, and bounded quantification. The remaining predicates are shown to be undecidable by reduction of the halting problem to each of them. The methods that are used require the construction of special-purpose Turing machines, which could be used to decide the halting problem if any of these problems is decidable, and of course this is impossible.
Estimate d =μ1 — μ2, Matched Pairs

Let x 1,..., x n be the values of a random sample from a population Pop I. Let object i , or person i , belong to Pop I which produced measurement x i in the random sample, 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Then, at possibly some later time, we take a second measurement on object i (person i ) and get value y i, 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Then (x 1, y 1), ..., (x n , y n ) are n pairs of dependent measurements. For example, when testing the effectiveness of some treatment for high blood pressure, the x i are the blood pressure measurements before treatment and the y i are these measurements on the same person after treatment. The two samples are not independent so we can not use the results of Chapters 7 or 8.
Perceived Risk, Knowledge, and the Lifeworld

The concept of risk is used in the study of social life, and, in particular, social problems. While in its broadest sense risk is the probability of some future event happening, usually the notion of risk implies the chance that some future danger such as injury, damage, or loss will occur (Gifford, 1986). For the social scientist, risk perception is a central concept in the study of illness behavior, the practice of health promotion, and in the study of citizen’s responses to disaster warnings. There are several reasons why attention is given to the notion of risk perception in traditional social science research. First, the concept of perceived risk is a component in many of the standard theories of human behavior. Second, successful prevention program interventions focus on changing risk perceptions, because threat has been shown in empirical studies to be related to motivation and behavioral change. And third, the predictive power of behavior change models is likely to be improved by identifying cognitive strategies that people use to assess their risk (Prohaska, 1990; Slovic, 1987).
Acute Pulmonary Injury after Inhalation of Free-Base Cocaine: A Case Report.

Introduction Many patients presenting to urban emergency departments (EDs) have chief complaints directly related to the use of illicit drugs. Given the reluctance of patients to admit to their use of cocaine, it is important for the emergency medicine provider (EMP) to recognize key epidemiologic principles as well as features of the history, physical examination, and diagnostic studies that suggest the sequelae of cocaine abuse. Case presentation We describe our assessment of an otherwise healthy 47-year-old man with the acute onset of pleuritic chest pain accompanied by hypoxia, radiographic evidence of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), and an elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level. The patient vehemently denied active cocaine abuse. No clear pulmonary, cardiac, or infectious explanations for his signs and symptoms were readily apparent. Ultimately, after further workup and urine toxicology screening, the cause of this patient's chest pain and hypoxia was determined to be DAH related to his recent inhalation of crack cocaine. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and improved. Conclusion Nearly 41% of patients who present to the ED because of complications of inhaled cocaine use are experiencing pleuritic chest pain, and more than half have an elevated CPK concentration. As many as 40% of these patients deny using the drug when asked. These data are important for EMPs to know when formulating a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with pleuritic chest discomfort.
Inference and Learning Hardware Architecture for Neuro- Inspired Sparse Coding Algoerithm

In this paper we present three hardware architectures designed to accelerate the inference operation of a neuro-inspired sparse coding algorithm. The memory and communication requirement of the three architectures are compared, and we show that one architecture outperforms the other two in scalability. A hardware system consists of an accelerator and a general purpose processor is proposed for the inference and learning operation. Two optimizations are proposed to further improve the overall performance by skipping unnecessary computations and autonomously learning the feature set.
ENERGY COMPACTION FILTERS ON GRAPHS

In classical signal processing spectral concentration is an important problem that was first formulated and analyzed by Slepian. The solution to this problem gives the optimal FIR filter that can confine the largest amount of energy in a specific bandwidth for a given filter order. The solution is also known as the prolate sequence. This study investigates the same problem for polynomial graph filters. The problem is formulated in both graph-free and graph-dependent fashions. The graph-free formulation assumes a continuous graph spectrum, in which case it becomes the polynomial concentration problem. This formulation has a universal approach that provides a theoretical reference point. However, in reality graphs have discrete spectrum. The graph-dependent formulation assumes that the eigenvalues of the graph are known and formulates the energy compaction problem accordingly. When the eigenvalues of the graph have a uniform distribution, the graph-dependent formulation is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the graph-free formulation. However, in reality eigenvalues of a graph tend to have different densities across the spectrum. Thus, the optimal filter depends on the underlying graph operator, and a filter cannot be universally optimal for every graph.
Life history consequences of developing in anthropogenic noise

When environments change rapidly, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can ameliorate negative effects of environmental change on survival and reproduction. Recent evidence suggests, however, that plastic responses to human-induced environmental change are often maladaptive or insufficient to overcome novel selection pressures. Anthropogenic noise is a ubiquitous and expanding disturbance with demonstrated effects on fitness-related traits of animals like stress responses, foraging, vigilance, and pairing success. Elucidating the lifetime fitness effects of noise has been challenging because longer-lived vertebrate systems are typically studied in this context. Here, we follow noise-stressed invertebrates throughout their lives, assessing a comprehensive suite of life history traits, and ultimately, lifetime number of surviving offspring. We reared field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, in masking traffic noise, traffic noise from which we removed frequencies that spectrally overlap with the crickets' mate location song and peak hearing (nonmasking), or silence. We found that exposure to masking noise delayed maturity and reduced adult lifespan; crickets exposed to masking noise spent 23% more time in juvenile stages and 13% less time as reproductive adults than those exposed to no traffic noise. Chronic lifetime exposure to noise, however, did not affect lifetime reproductive output (number of eggs or surviving offspring), perhaps because mating provided females a substantial longevity benefit. Nevertheless, these results are concerning as they highlight multiple ways in which traffic noise may reduce invertebrate fitness. We encourage researchers to consider effects of anthropogenic disturbance on growth, survival, and reproductive traits simultaneously because changes in these traits may amplify or nullify one another.
The influence of prestroke proficiency on poststroke lexical-semantic performance in bilingual aphasia

Background: Bilingual persons with aphasia (BWA) may present different degrees and patterns of impairment in their two languages. Previous research suggests that prestroke proficiency may be amongs...
The emerging role of proton therapy for esophagus cancer

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plays an essential role in the treatment of esophageal cancer as either curative or neoadjuvant therapy. When delivered with conventional photon-based techniques, multiple adjacent organs at risk including the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, stomach, and bowel, receive considerable radiation dose which may contribute to acute and late adverse events (AEs). Proton beam therapy (PBT) offers a reduction in radiation exposure to these organs and potentially an improvement in the therapeutic ratio. Herein we discuss the emerging role of PBT for esophageal cancer, including rationale, treatment planning, early dosimetric and clinical comparisons of PBT with photon-based techniques, ongoing prospective trials, and potential areas of opportunity for the incorporation of PBT with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer.
Raby, Rosalind Latiner and Valeau, Edward J., eds. (2016). International Education at Community Colleges: Themes, Practices, and Case Studies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Raby, Rosalind Latiner and Valeau, Edward J., eds. (2016). International Education at Community Colleges: Themes, Practices, and Case Studies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 350 pages.
Chemopreventive Agent 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Inhibits MDM2 in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a naturally derived chemopreventive compound. It comes from glucobrassicin, an indole glucosinolate enriched in cruciferous vegetables, and is formed in the acidic environment of the stomach after ingestion. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is an important, multi-functional oncogenic protein and it has been well recognized for its negative regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. We discovered a novel mechanism of action of DIM, that it directly inhibits MDM2 in multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Treatment with DIM decreased MDM2 at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, inhibited cancer cell proliferation, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. DIM-induced decrease of MDM2 is p53-independent and is partly mediated by proteasome degradation of MDM2, as blocking of the proteasome activity reversed MDM2 protein inhibition. Overexpression of MDM2 blocked DIM’s effects in growth suppression and apoptosis induction. When combined with imidazoline MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin-3a and Idasanutlin/RG-7388), synergism was observed in cancer cell growth inhibition. In summary, our data support a new mechanism of action for DIM in direct inhibition of MDM2. The identification of MDM2 as a novel DIM target may help develop a new strategy in CRC prevention.
The Runner-Up Effect: Evidence of Heuristic Thinking from Indian Elections

Exploiting a regression discontinuity design in a sample of over 49,000 Indian state legislature elections we find that candidates that barely come in second place versus third place are five percentage points more likely to run in a subsequent election, and three percentage points more likely to win a subsequent election. These effects are large relative to the fact that close second place finishers run again only approximately 39 percent of the time, and win only 11 percent of the time. Since these elections are first-past-the-post and candidate ranking is redundant information given vote shares, the results indicate the presence of heuristic thinking and/or limited attention by political players. We also provide evidence that the runner-up effect on the probability of winning a subsequent election cannot be entirely explained by selection into candidacy.
They Should Be Fired: The Social Regulation of Free Speech in the U.S.

The debate over First Amendment jurisprudence often assumes that the First Amendment reflects a choice of non-regulation over regulation. This article suggests, however, that it is more accurate to describe the First Amendment as reflecting a choice of social regulation over legal regulation. Social regulation of speech has generally been lauded and preferred in America for its autonomy-enhancing properties, as private parties in civil society often lack the overwhelming power of a government censor. A review of recent high-profile incidents of social speech regulation, however, suggests that the ubiquity of social media and the hegemony of corporations have increased the breadth, visibility, and mechanisms of social speech regulation to such an extent that its scope can now approach that of a government censor. These mechanisms generally entail economic pressure on corporations, designed to force them to fire and ostracize employees who engage in censorable, contested, or discreditable speech. While the level of offensiveness of these types of speech is not the same, the sanction often is the same-loss of livelihood. This article argues that if the expected benefits of social speech regulation in an era of social media are not to be outweighed by losses in citizen autonomy, an approach to social regulation that includes legal protections against domination is required, beginning in the crucibles of free speech - public schools and universities.
Supporting collaborative curriculum customizations using the knowledge integration framework

Author(s): Wiley, KJ; Bradford, A; Linn, MC | Abstract: Teachers are currently facing a major instructional challenge, namely, supporting students to meet the three dimensional learning goals of the Next Generation Science Standards without adequate curriculum materials to do so. In this paper, we report the design and outcomes of professional development activities that support teachers and researchers to collaboratively customize Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE) units to help students develop coherent science knowledge. The WISE units and professional development activities were developed using the Knowledge Integration (KI) Framework. We show that the KI framework functioned as an effective scaffold to support teachers in modifying their teaching practice to make curriculum customizations that are evidence-based and aligned with a theory of learning. We discuss how our study results informed the design of an online curriculum customization and implementation interface and offer the principles of the KI framework as design principles for the development of other collaborative professional development endeavors.
A Novel Large-Vessel Arteritis in SARS-CoV-2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly defined condition associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The syndrome has been described as a "Kawasaki disease"-like illness and the spectrum of associated abnormalities, including vascular complications, remain to be fully defined. The novel findings of a large-vessel arteritis in this report will add to the understanding of this syndrome and its associated vascular complications.
Complexity, novelty, and ethical judgement by entrepreneurs

How do individual characteristics and the business environment affect the ethical judgement of entrepreneurs? We build on literatures in stakeholder and cognitive theory to examine the effects of situational complexity and novelty on an entrepreneur's ethical judgement. Our conceptual framework shows how confirmation biases and inward biases affect the ethical judgement of entrepreneurs. We test our theory using cross country data from the World Values Survey. We find that the ethical judgement of self-employed individuals is lower than that of non-entrepreneurs and that differences are moderated by the complexity and novelty of their decision setting. We also find that the ethical judgement of entrepreneurs with low levels of entrepreneurial initiative is the lowest, especially in moderately complex and novel decision settings. We argue that these findings have important implications for stakeholder approaches to entrepreneurial ethics.
4.2 A 12nm Autonomous-Driving Processor with 60.4TOPS, 13.8TOPS/W CNN Executed by Task-Separated ASIL D Control

Autonomous driving systems, when deployed to market, will require accurate and high-speed recognition, judgment and operation. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require large amounts of computation for pattern recognition. The CNN performance required for level-3 autonomous driving systems is 120TOPS or higher. As shown in Fig. 4.2.1, recent CNN implementations are oriented toward high performance and low power [1] –[4]. In previously reported SoCs for autonomous driving [5], power consumption is more than 70W, requiring a heavy and expensive water-cooling system. To save weight and cost by using an air-cooling system for an in-vehicle electronics control unit (ECU), power consumption less than 25W is indispensable and around half of that can be assigned for the SoC. Consequently, achieving 120TOPS with 10TOPS/W is necessary for an autonomous driving system. At the same time, achieving the ASIL D standard, the highest safety level defined in ISO 26262, is also required for SoCs for autonomous driving. Dual-core lock step (DCLS) is a technique to satisfy ASIL D by comparing the results of parallel execution of the same process in duplicated hardware. However, simple full-time DCLS doubles power consumption and degrades power efficiency. In this paper, we achieve 60.4TOPS CNN performance with 13.8TOPS/W efficiency in an application processor having high-reliability ASIL D targeted safety mechanisms for autonomous driving system. One and two-device configurations achieving performance of 60 and 120TOPS, respectively, for ADAS and autonomous driving offer practical solutions for products.
UAV-based agricultural monitoring and data acquisition system for precision farming

We report on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) agricultural data acquisition system to substantially improve how farming is currently practiced. The demonstrated innovative platform simplifies data acquisition with high spatial and temporal resolution and high accuracy with affordable cost and hence accessible for wider communities. Our goal was to create a product capable of analyzing multiple crucial soil parameters via one unit and transfer the accumulated preprocessed data to an airborne mobile subsystem. The system consists of two modules working in harmony. The Soil Data Monitoring Probe (SDMP) is a stationary unit housing various soil probes, whereas the Airborne Data Acquisition System (ADAS) is a mobile unit that can be placed on a UAV. The SDMP captures soil metrics, preprocesses them and stores the data to an SD card, to be delivered using a NRF24 transceiver. The unit itself is battery and solar-powered, regulated power is fed through a custom-designed motherboard to the Arduino mega microcontroller (ATMEGA-2560), and internal/external modules. We estimated that, with its low-power design and the complementary solar power, it can work months without interruption. The ADAS is lightweight and was mounted on a drone. It initiates data collection by interrogating sleeping SDMP’s based on geolocation stamps by waking them up from deep sleep mode with an interrupt. The ADAS is supported by a custom motherboard to support a raspberry pi zero with Wi-Fi capabilities. We demonstrated the operational prototype system with 2-meter spatial resolution.
Viaduct: an extensible, optimizing compiler for secure distributed programs

Modern distributed systems involve interactions between principals with limited trust, so cryptographic mechanisms are needed to protect confidentiality and integrity. At the same time, most developers lack the training to securely employ cryptography. We present Viaduct, a compiler that transforms high-level programs into secure, efficient distributed realizations. Viaduct's source language allows developers to declaratively specify security policies by annotating their programs with information flow labels. The compiler uses these labels to synthesize distributed programs that use cryptography efficiently while still defending the source-level security policy. The Viaduct approach is general, and can be easily extended with new security mechanisms. Our implementation of the Viaduct compiler comes with an extensible runtime system that includes plug-in support for multiparty computation, commitments, and zero-knowledge proofs. We have evaluated the system on a set of benchmarks, and the results indicate that our approach is feasible and can use cryptography in efficient, nontrivial ways.