cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family history extraction from synthetic clinical narratives using natural language processing: Overview and evaluation of a challenge data set and solutions for the 2019 national NLP clinical challenges (n2c2)/open health natural language processing (OHNLP) competition

Background: As a risk factor for many diseases, family history (FH) captures both shared genetic variations and living environments among family members. Though there are several systems focusing on FH extraction using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, the evaluation protocol of such systems has not been standardized. Objective: The n2c2/OHNLP (National NLP Clinical Challenges/Open Health Natural Language Processing) 2019 FH extraction task aims to encourage the community efforts on a standard evaluation and system development on FH extraction from synthetic clinical narratives. Methods: We organized the first BioCreative/OHNLP FH extraction shared task in 2018. We continued the shared task in 2019 in collaboration with the n2c2 and OHNLP consortium, and organized the 2019 n2c2/OHNLP FH extraction track. The shared task comprises 2 subtasks. Subtask 1 focuses on identifying family member entities and clinical observations (diseases), and subtask 2 expects the association of the living status, side of the family, and clinical observations with family members to be extracted. Subtask 2 is an end-to-end task which is based on the result of subtask 1. We manually curated the first deidentified clinical narrative from FH sections of clinical notes at Mayo Clinic Rochester, the content of which is highly relevant to patients’ FH. Results: A total of 17 teams from all over the world participated in the n2c2/OHNLP FH extraction shared task, where 38 runs were submitted for subtask 1 and 21 runs were submitted for subtask 2. For subtask 1, the top 3 runs were generated by Harbin Institute of Technology, ezDI, Inc., and The Medical University of South Carolina with F1 scores of 0.8745, 0.8225, and 0.8130, respectively. For subtask 2, the top 3 runs were from Harbin Institute of Technology, ezDI, Inc., and University of Florida with F1 scores of 0.681, 0.6586, and 0.6544, respectively. The workshop was held in conjunction with the AMIA 2019 Fall Symposium. Conclusions: A wide variety of methods were used by different teams in both tasks, such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, convolutional neural network, bidirectional long short-term memory, conditional random field, support vector machine, and rule-based strategies. System performances show that relation extraction from FH is a more challenging task when compared to entity identification task.
The Hippocratic Civil Disobedience and Health Care Reform Underground

Health care reform is bottled up. Socially responsible physicians, forced to curtail care to uninsured patients, should respond with organized, open defiance, by billing the costs of the care to the accounts of patients covered under Medicaid or Medicare. Reverse cost-shifting: maybe it could work, certainly it would be justified.
Chapter 13 of the General Theory Does not Contain J M Keynes’s Liquidity Preference Theory of the Rate of Interest: A Study of the Erroneous Use and Abuse of Chapter 13 of the General Theory from R. Hawtrey, D. Robertson, J. Viner, J. Robinson to J. Ahiakpor

A major source of confusion about Keynes’s Liquidity Preference theory of the rate of interest is the failure of readers of the General Theory to recognize that chapter 13 is an introductory chapter that lays the ground work and foundations for chapter 15. Keynes’s actual theory is presented in chapters 15. All of the elements are then brought together in chapter 21 in section 4 on pp. 298-299. Keynes pointed out on pp.297-298 of the General Theory that “Too large a proportion of recent 'mathematical' economics are merely concoctions, as imprecise as the initial assumptions they rest on, which allow the author to lose sight of the complexities and interdependencies of the real world in a maze of pretentious and unhelpful symbols.” This is precisely the point made by Keynes against the Marshallian approach of Pigou in his The Theory of Unemployment (July, 1933), where the simplifications of ceteris paribus and partial equilibrium lead to the specifications of functions like y=f(x). Pigou works with such functions that have only one independent variable. He then subjects these functions to extensive elasticity analysis. The result is in “a maze of pretentious and unhelpful symbols that ignore … the complexities and interdependencies of the real world.” The complexities and interdependences of the real world can’t be examined in a model where the demand and supply of money alone determine the rate of interest as specified in a preliminary way by Keynes on page 168 of the General Theory, so that one arrives at M=L(r), a function with only one independent variable. Instead, Keynes incorporates “… the complexities and interdependencies of the real world” with his M=M1 plus M2=L1(Y) plus L(r)=L on page 199 which, when combined with the micro foundations provided by Keynes’s D-Z model of chapters 20 and 21, the consumption function, the investment function, and the investment multiplier, leads to Keynes’s IS-LM(LP) model of chapter 21. This model is fully capable of dealing with “the complexities and interdependencies of the real world”. J. Ahiakpor is the latest in a long line of economists who bases his analysis only on chapter 13 of the GT alone. This approach is, of course, Marshallian in nature. Keynes’s approach in 1936 models multiple general equilibrium and not the partial equilibrium of Marshall or the single equilibrium of Walras’s general equilibrium. The belief that Keynes’s theory of the rate of interest is denoted by M=L(r), as argued by Hawtrey, Viner, Robertson, Robinson, and Ahiakpor, is false. Keynes’s theory of the rate of interest is given by his three mathematical, simultaneous equations presented on pp. 298-299 of the GT. The missing equation needed by the classical school is: M = M1 plus M2 = L1( Y) plus L2(r)[=L;author’s insert]. The equation M=L(r) is not the equation Harrod was talking about in 1935 in his correspondence with Keynes.
Modeling light interference figures and isogyres of uniaxial and biaxial birefringent optical elements

Using polarization fields, light interference figures and isogyres of some uniaxial and biaxial birefringent optical elements are modeled. The effects of diattenuation, and linear and circular birefringence are included, and the Airy spiral is displayed for various cases. The two branches of the Airy spiral are shown to separate and surround separately the melatopes in the case of biaxial elements with linear and circular birefringence. A connection and discussion with the aberration field of astigmatism, in particular binodal, is presented.
Transient Thermal Fracture of Ceramic-to-Metal Interfaces

The effect of a transient thermal load on an interface crack in a ceramic-to-metal bond is studied. The transient deformations of the crack tip and the strain energy release rates are calculated. The effect of geometry, material properties and heat conduction across the crack are presented. Preliminary experiments on interface crack propagation in a multilayer ceramic coating are described.
Revised and Improved Measures of Eating-Related Characteristics: Temperament Correlates

The study of the interrelationships among eating-related characteristics in the general population and relationships between these and temperament traits requires measures designed specifically for that population. In particular, measures of eating-related behaviors must include a broad range of those behaviors and not be restricted unduly to behaviors that have been of value in diagnosing pathologic cases of eating in selected segments of the population.
The mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity: III. Protease-specific inhibitors preferentially block later events in cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis than do inhibitors of methylation or thiol-reactive agents☆

Abstract Highly active mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated in secondary mixed-lymphocyte responses were used to examine the manner in which adenosine derivatives, thiol-specific reagents, or protease-specific probes affected CTL-mediated lysis (CML). The adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin (dCF) enhanced inhibition by adenosine (AR) or by deoxyadenosine (AdR), but not by 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin). l -Homocysteinethiolactone ( l -Hcy) acted synergistically with AR, but not with AdR or tubercidin, to block CML. Thus, AR derivatives may act both by affecting cellular methylation reactions, as demonstrated by the synergism between AR and l -Hcy, and by inhibiting other events required for CML. Conditions were then established to determine whether these reagents preferentially affected either the Ca2+-independent initial stage of cytolysis or the subsequent Ca2+-dependent events. Methylation inhibitors blocked lysis most effectively if added before effector-target binding. Similarly, the nonpenetrating thiol-specific reagent quaternary ammonium monobromobimane (qBBr) was more inhibitory when added prior to the Ca2+-dependent stage. Protease inhibitors such as α-1-antichymotrypsin and protease substrates such as acetyltyrosine ethyl ester (ATEE) or tyrosine ethyl ester (TEE) also inhibited CML. But, in contrast to qBBr or methylation inhibitors, neither TEE nor ATEE was more effective when added prior to the initial effector-target interaction. Furthermore, TEE did not appreciably affect CTL binding to target cells at concentrations that nearly abrogated CML. Thus, the implicated protease step is unique in that it does not appear to participate in recognition or binding.
Improving bipedwalk stability using real-time corrective human feedback

Robust walking is one of the key requirements for soccer playing humanoid robots. Developing such a biped walk algorithm is non-trivial due to the complex dynamics of the walk process. In this paper, we first present a method for learning a corrective closed-loop policy to improve the walk stability for the Aldebaran Nao robot using real-time human feedback combined with an openloop walk cycle. The open-loop walk cycle is obtained from the recorded joint commands while the robot is walking using an existing walk algorithm as a blackbox unit. We capture the corrective feedback signals delivered by a human using a wireless feedback mechanism in the form of corrections to the particular joints and we present experimental results showing that a policy learned from a walk algorithm can be used to improve the stability of another walk algorithm. We then follow up with improving the open-loop walk cycle using advice operators before performing real-time human demonstration. During the demonstration, we then capture the sensory readings and the corrections in the form of displacements of the foot positions while the robot is executing improved open-loop walk cycle. We then translate the feet displacement values into individual correction signals for the leg joints using a simplified inverse kinematics calculation. We use a locally weighted linear regression method to learn a mapping from the recorded sensor values to the correction values. Finally, we use a simple anomaly detection method by modeling the changes in the sensory readings throughout the walk cycle during a stable walk as normal distributions and executing the correction policy only if a sensory reading goes beyond the modeled values. Experimental results demonstrate an improvement in the walk stability.
Maintaining Behavioral Consistency during Schema Evolution

We examine the problem of how to ensure behavioral consistency of an object-oriented system after its schema has been updated. The problem is viewed from the perspective of both the strongly typed and the untyped language model. Solutions are compared in both models using C++ and CLOS as examples.
Projection Method for Viscous Incompressible Flow on Quadrilateral Grids

This paper describes a second-order projection method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on multiply connected domains with a logically rectangular quadrilateral grid. The method uses a second-order fractional step scheme in which one first solves diffusion-convection equations to determine intermediate velocities which are then projected onto the space of divergence-fr ee vector fields. The spatial discretizations are accomplished by formally transforming the equations to a computational space with a uniform grid. The diffusion, pressure gradient, and divergence terms are discretized using standard finite difference approximations. The convection terms are discretized using a second-order Godunov method that provides a robust discretization of these terms at high Reynolds number. Numerical results are presented illustrating the performance of the method.
First record of Sesbania punicea (Fabales: Fabaceae) as a host plant for Chinavia hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Summary Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants in a field border surrounding a cotton field were sampled for Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to determine if this leguminous shrub served as a host for this stink bug. Chinavia hilaris adults and nymphs fed on fruit of this plant, and nymphs developed on the plant. This is the first record of S. punicea as a host for this stink bug.
Behavioral comprehensive efficiency modeling of motor drive systems based on physical measurements

In this paper, a comprehensive behavioral efficiency model of an electric motor drive system is proposed. The proposed model includes all possible motor drive losses without ignoring, approximating or assuming any of the inverter or machine losses, which are usually done for other efficiency models, hence the model is comprehensive. The input (DC electrical) and the output (mechanical) power of the motor drive system were measured and recorded for different drive operating points. These data were used to build the behavioral model through surface fitting using MATLAB. Different kinds of surface fits were used and discussed, and their effectiveness was evaluated. Moreover, a mathematical expression extracted from polynomial surface fit was used to derive the maximum efficiency point. The accuracy of this approach was verified with an additional experimental dataset not used for surface fitting. The proposed model can be easily integrated when designing, manufacturing and commissioning electric drives using rapid prototyping tools, and when designing maximum efficiency or minimum power loss control algorithms.
Application of the simple salt lattice energy approximation to the solubility of minerals

The simple salt approximation for the lattice energy of double salts is used to provide an estimate of their molar solubilities. These calculations are compared with solubilities obtained from literature thermodynamic data and are within an order of magnitude for about 75% of the 81 minerals and other double salts examined. The solubilities of about two-thirds of the double salts are similar to the solubilities of the less soluble simple salt “constituents,” and the solubilities of the other one-third lie between the solubilities of the “constituents.” In general, the solubilities of a series of salts with different stoichiometries containing the same ions are dependent on both the stoichiometry of the salt and the proportion of the less soluble constituent. This generalization is rationalized with the simple salt approximation and is used to explain the observed stoichiometries of a variety of minerals.
Bayesian estimators of the lognormal–Pareto composite distribution

In this paper, Bayesian methods with both Jeffreys and conjugate priors for estimating parameters of the lognormal–Pareto composite (LPC) distribution are considered. With Jeffreys prior, the posterior distributions for parameters of interest are derived and their properties are described. The conjugate priors are proposed and the conditional posterior distributions are provided. In addition, simulation studies are performed to obtain the upper percentage points of Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling test statistics. Furthermore, these statistics are used to compare Bayesian and likelihood estimators. In order to clarify and advance the validity of Bayesian and likelihood estimators of the LPC distribution, well-known Danish fire insurance data-set is reanalyzed.
History and Trends of Multicultural Education.

Multicultural education has been a significant force for school reform over the past 3 decades, giving rise to new educational theories and research at all educational levels. During this period, i...
The cockroach genera Chorisoneura Brunner, Sorineuchora Caudell, Chorisoneurodes Princis, and Chorisoserrata, gen. nov. (Blattaria: Blattellidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae)

Abstract The genus Chorisoneura Brunner contains about 70 species found in the New World (South and Central America, and USA). The genus Sorineuchora Caudell, which has been treated as a synonym of Chorisoneura, is here considered to be a valid taxon containing about 13 Asian species. Chorisoneura pallida Shelford is transferred to the African genus Chorisoneurodes Princis. Chorisoserrata, gen. nov. is described, with two species, apicalis Hanitsch (Sumatra) and sagittaria Hanitsch (South Vietnam), both previously in Chorisoneura.
Inhibition, disinhibition, and summation among orientation detectors in human vision.

A vertical test line viewed together with an oblique inducing line appears to be tilted in the opposite direction (orientation contrast); a similar effect results from adapting to an oblique line before presenting the test line (tilt after-effect). The error in perceived orientation caused by a clockwise tilted inducing line may be partially cancelled by a second clockwise tilted inducing line; likewise, adapting to a configuration of two clockwise orientations gives weaker tilt after-effects than adapting to the more effective of the two orientations alone. The angular functions of these “disinhibitory” effects mirror the angular functions of the principal effects. However, combining tilt after-effect and simultaneous contrast in a disinhibition design by having the subject first adapt to a clockwise orientation and then presenting the test line together with a clockwise inducing line results in partial summation rather than disinhibition. The results are consistent with Carpenter's and Blakemore's (1973) hypothesis that orientation contrast and the tilt after-effect are manifestations of cortical inhibition in a network of inhibitory, recurrent lateral connections between cortical orientation detectors. After-effects must be due to prolonged inhibition, probably caused by a sensitivity change in previously inhibited detectors.
Evolutionary Relationships of Pocket Gophers (Cratogeomys castanops Species Group) of the Mexican Altiplano

The Southern Coahuila Filter-Barrier (SCFB) effectively subdivides the mammalian fauna of the Mesa del Norte, the northern and most extensive section of the Mexican Altiplano. Pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys north and south of this filter-barrier have been informally recognized as 2 distinct species, C. castanops and C. goldmani, respectively. Support for species recognition derives from early morphological comparisons and recent chromosomal and ectoparasite studies. Contradictory conclusions based on the only comprehensive morphometric study have prevented formal recognition of C. goldmani. A morphometric reevaluation based on ratio-transformed data reveals that the previous analysis was unduly biased by size, an ecophenotypically plastic character. When this factor is removed, morphometric variation is fully concordant with chromosomal diploid number and sequence data of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. We provide synonymies and descriptions for C. goldmani apart from C. castanops, and revise the number of subspecies from a total of 26 to 2 subspecies in each species. The SCFB is most effective in its central portion (Desierto Mayran), and least effective in its western portion (Rio Nazas), which should be geographically broadened to include the neighboring Rio Aguanaval.
Growth of Young Calves and Rats Fed Soy Flour Treated with Acid or Alkali

Abstract Calves fed a milk replacer containing alkali-treated fully cooked soy flour as the only source of protein grew as well as calves receiving acid-treated flour and more rapidly than calves fed untreated flour. Growth in weanling rats fed either acid-treated or alkali-treated soy flour was superior to that for rats fed untreated flour. No evidence was obtained to suggest the presence of a pH-labile water-soluble growth inhibitor in the untreated flour.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF PURIFIED VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS GLYCOPROTEINS

Development of an effective, noninfectious subunit vaccine to the varicella zoster virus (VZV) will require identification of viral gene products critical for generating protective host responses. To better define the antigens which provoke immunity to VZV, viral glycoproteins (gps) were purified and tested for their ability to stimulate human lymphocytes. VZV specified gps were radiolabelled with [14C]-glucosamine then extracted from sonicates of infected cell monolayers using nonionic detergents. Mixed VZV gps were isolated by passing infected cell extracts over lentil lectin conjugated Sepharose and competitively eluting bound gps with α-methylmannoside. Gp I (98/62), gp II (140/66) and gp III (118), the predominant gps expressed in VZV-infected cells, were purified with murine monoclonal antibodies employing a novel avidin-biotin immunoaffinity method. Purity of the isolated VZV gps was confirmed by fluorography of SDS-PAGE gels. Both mixed viral gps (Stimulation Indices = 6-15) and individually purified gps (I, II, III) (SI = 3-8) induced proliferation by MNC from VZV-immune subjects. Responses observed were VZV-specific since proliferation failed to occur if MNC were obtained from VZV-susceptible individuals or if antigens were prepared from uninfected monolayers. Coculturing studies of separated MNC subpopulations indicated that responses to the gps represented proliferation by T4+ lymphocytes and required antigen presentation by adherent MNC. We conclude that virally encoded gps contain epitopes which stimulate VZV-specific proliferation by human T cells.
M-CAT, CArG, and Sp1 Elements Are Required for Alpha 1-adrenergic Induction of the Skeletal Alpha-Actin Promoter During Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy. Transcriptional Enhancer factor-1 and Protein Kinase C as Conserved Transducers of the Fetal Program in Cardiac Growth

Induction of the fetal isogenes skeletal α-actin (skACT) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) is characteristic of cardiac growth in many models, suggesting a conserved signaling pathway. However, divergent regulation has also been observed. β-Protein kinase C (PKC) and transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) are involved in induction of β-MHC in α1-adrenergic-stimulated hypertrophy of cultured cardiac myocytes (Kariya, K., Farrance, I. K. G., and Simpson, P. C.(1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26658-26662; Kariya, K., Karns, L. R., and Simpson, P. C.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3775-3782). In the present study, we asked whether the skACT promoter used the same mechanism. A mouse skACT promoter fragment (−113/−46) was induced by both α1-adrenergic stimulation and co-transfection of activated β-PKC, and contained three required DNA sequence elements: M-CAT, CArG, and Sp1. The skACT M-CAT element bound TEF-1 in cardiac myocytes. Thus the skACT and β-MHC promoters both require a TEF-1 binding site for activation by α1-adrenergic stimulation, but differ in that skACT also requires a CArG box. These results provide a potential molecular basis for divergent regulation of the fetal program, and also imply that PKC and TEF-1 are conserved transducers for this program during cardiac growth.
Mesenteric lymphadenitis depicted by indium 111-labeled white blood cell imaging

An acutely ill child with abdominal pain and concomitant pharyngitis often presents a diagnostic challenge. This report describes how indium 111-labeled white blood cell imaging helped to clarify the confusing case of a 4-year-old boy with fever, pharyngitis, and abdominal pain. The triad of abnormal white cell localization in the nasopharynx, cervical lymph nodes, and right lower abdominal quadrant supported the diagnosis of a systemic infection rather than appendicitis, abscess, or another surgical condition. Mesenteric lymphadenitis associated with systemic infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in a child with this clinical presentation.
A comparison of curfew and noncurfew violators using a self-report delinquency survey

The present study examines one city’s experience with a juvenile curfew ordinance. It compares characteristics of youths detained by the police for curfew violation with teenagers who did not have such police contact. Selfreport data reveal curfew violators admit committing more minor and serious delinquency, as well as status offenses, than noncurfew violators. Curfew violators also disclose higher victimization levels. Implications deriving from these observations are discussed.
The Effects of Amount and Type of Exposure on Adult Learners' L2 Development in SLA

This study investigates under a cognitive attentional framework whether amount (single vs. multiple) and type (teacher-centered vs. learner-centered) of exposure to the same morphological information has positive effects on first-semester adult learners' second or foreign language (L2) development of morphological forms after 1 semester, and whether there is any differential performance due to type of postexposure task (recognition vs. production). The performances of four groups of learners receiving different amounts and types of exposure over a period of 1 semester were compared on both a recognition and written production task. Repeated measures analyses of variance, performed on the raw scores obtained on both tasks comprising a pretest and three posttests, revealed significant main effects for amount of exposure, type of exposure, task, and time. They also revealed significant interactions between time and amount of exposure and time and type of exposure. Results suggest beneficial effects of both multiple and learner-centered exposures to morphological forms and differential performances based on type of postexposure assessment task. Implications for the classroom and future research are also discussed.
HIGH AFFINITY UPTAKE SYSTEMS FOR TAURINE IN TISSUE SLICES AND SYNAPTOSOMAL FRACTIONS PREPARED FROM VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE RAT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. CORRECTION OF TRANSPORT DATA BY DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

— —The uptake of taurine into tissue slices of specific regions of the rat central nervous system (CNS) was compared with the uptake of taurine into synaptosomal fractions prepared from the corresponding regions. Two different techniques for performing control experiments were also compared: procedure I, correction for the uptake of taurine obtained from duplicate incubations but at 2°c and procedure II, correction of taurine uptake into extracellular or extrasynaptosomal space measured by inulin uptake experiments plus correction for diffusion (non-saturable) processes. Kinetic analyses of the uptake data in tissue slices utilizing the procedure I correction technique indicate that six regions of the rat CNS (spinal cord, diencephalon, cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain) possess high affinity uptake systems (Km values approx 60 μM or less). The Km value for the cerebellum (105.4 ± 15.7 μM) is intermediate between a high and low affinity uptake system while the Km value for the pons-medulla (210.0 12.4 μM) is considered to be low affinity. When procedure II techniques were utilized for correcting the uptake data all eight regions demonstrated high affinity uptake systems (11.8–73.2μM). Synaptosomal fractions prepared from the spinal cord, pons-medulla, diencephalon, and midbrain demonstrate high affinity uptake systems (procedure I) for taurine (10.3–47.2 μM) while the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, and cerebellum have intermediate (but still high affinity) values (59.4–96.4 μM). High affinity uptake systems (8.2–79.8 μM) were obtained for all eight regions of the rat CNS when procedure II was utilized for correction of the data.
Transcatheter closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus with the clamshell septal umbrella

In 14 patients undergoing transcatheter closure of a large (greater than 4 mm diameter) patent ductus arteriosus, occlusion was attempted with use of the Bard Clamshell septal umbrella. Patient age ranged from 0.7 to 30.4 years. Isolated patent ductus arteriosus was present in 11 patients; 3 had additional congenital heart lesions. Moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension was present in four patients. The diameter of the patent ductus arteriosus ranged from 4.5 to 14 mm, as determined by contrast injection through an 11F sheath or by balloon sizing; it appeared larger by this method than by the standard angiographic method. All 14 patent ductus arteriosi were successfully closed. Prior embolization of a Rashkind umbrella was the reason for using a Clamshell device in three patients; one additional embolization of a Clamshell device occurred. All errant devices were retrieved at cardiac catheterization, without associated hemodynamic instability. No other complications occurred. Among the 14 patients, 11 had complete ductal closure by Doppler color flow mapping at last follow-up and 3 had trivial residual flow. All four patients having associated complex lesions or pulmonary hypertension, or both, had symptomatic improvement after the procedure, although one child (with Shone's anomaly) died 3 months later. The Clamshell device provides stable and effective closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus, and allows transcatheter closure to be offered to some patients who were previously considered unsuitable for this procedure.
AR façade: an augmented reality interactve drama

Our demonstration presents AR Facade, a phyiscally embodied version of the interactive drama Facade, at the Beall Center in Irvine, CA. In this drama, players are situated in a married couple's apartment, and interact primarily through conversation with the characters and manipulation of objects in the space. Our demonstration will include two versions of the experience - an immersive augmented reality (AR) version and a desktop computing based implementation, where players communicate using typed keyboard input. Our recent study cross media study revealled emperical differences between the versions [Dow et al. 2007]. Through interviews and observations of players, we found that immersive AR can create an increased sense of presence, confirming generally held expectations. However, we learned that increased presence does not necessarily lead to more engagement. Rather, mediation may be necessary for some players to fully engage with certain immersive media experiences.
A computational model of mild traumatic brain injury

Electrical analysis of brain activity reveals the presence of synchronous oscillations over a range of frequencies. These rhythms are readily observed using electroencephalography (EEG). Clinical EEG data shows that Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) alters these rhythms. Researchers have developed lumped parameter neural mass models (NMM) that can reproduce these various brain rhythms. This paper proposes an NMM based computational model of mild TBI that recreates the clinical EEG changes observed after injury. Specifically, the focus is on recreating changes observed after TBI in the 8–12 Hz alpha and the 4–8Hz theta frequency ranges. Mild TBI is simulated by increasing membrane reactivity and by decreasing synaptic connectivity in the NMM. These results indicate that clinically observed EEG changes with mild TBI are likely due to traumatic synaptic disruption and that with appropriate data, EEG may be used to quantify the extent of TBI in the future.
The development of plastic failure modes in crystalline materials: Shear bands in Fcc polycrystals

The structure and crystallography of shear bands formed in aluminum-3 wt pct copper polycrystals was studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and convergent beam electron diffraction. The results are interpreted in light of recent finite element calculations. The importance of localized plastic deformation on material properties, particularly as a direct precursor to failure, is emphasized. Optical and electron microscopy showed that shear bands formed in aluminum-3 wt pct copper deformed in plane strain compression are not associated with microvoid formation or microfracture. Electron diffraction analyses and finite element simulations demonstrated that shear localization is promoted by local rotations of the crystal lattice that inducegeometrical softening. Regions acting as stress or strain concentrators, such as grain boundary triple points and specimen surfaces, were found to be preferential sites for shear band initiation. Texture formation promoted shear band propagation, in the sense that it reduced the misorientation between the shear band planes on each side of a grain boundary.
Assessment of the long-term hydrologic impacts of Lake Nasser and related irrigation projects in Southwestern Egypt

A two-dimensional groundwater flow model was constructed to investigate the long-term hydrologic impacts of Lake Nasser and the major land reclamation projects that use excess lake water in southwest Egypt. Egypt constructed (1964-1971) the Aswan High Dam, creating the Lake Nasser reservoir (length: 500 km; average width: 12 km) and is constructing the Tushka Canal to channel 5.0x10{sup 9} m{sup 3}/yr of Lake Nasser water to reclaim 0.5x10{sup 6} acres of desert lands. The model, constrained by regional-scale groundwater flow and near-lake head data, was successfully calibrated to temporal-observation heads from 1970 to 2000 that reflect variations in lake levels. Predictive analyses for the subsequent 50-yr period were conducted by employing the calibrated model. Simulations of long-term effects, beyond year 2000, of Lake Nasser on recharge and temporal groundwater head (base case scenario) show that recharge from the lake will continue at a much slower rate than during the 30-yr period of 1970-2000 (with approximately 86% reduction in 30-yr recharge). The modest projected pumping and injection activities in the study area are not expected to cause major deviation in the overall head distribution compared to the base case scenario. The investigation of effects of the new irrigation land development onmore » the Nubian aquifer indicated that many of the proposed irrigation areas, especially those with small aquifer thickness, will become fully saturated with introduced water, resulting in potential flooding and salinization.« less
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Prognosis and Outcome

Objectives To identify clinical characteristics, laboratory features, approaches to management, and predictors of outcome of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods An analysis of 6 adults with the concurrent diagnosis of CIDP and SLE seen at a SLE Clinic from 1994 to 2004 with a review of 13 patients with SLE and CIDP reported in the medical literature from 1950 through 2004. Results Among our 6 patients with SLE and CIDP, 3 (50%) achieved a substantial clinical response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and the remainder had a minimal response. The improved patients were more likely to have received treatment earlier (within 1 year of CIDP onset) and to respond faster ( Conclusions CIDP is an uncommon, but not rare, manifestation of SLE. Certain characteristics including early CIDP diagnosis, involvement of all 4 extremities, hyporeflexia of the upper extremities, and slowed motor nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve in addition to SLE involvement of critical internal organs and the presence of multiple antibodies associated with SLE all appear to predict a good response to IVIg.
The effect of dental care on cardiovascular disease outcomes: an application of instrumental variables in the presence of heterogeneity and self‐selection

SUMMARY Studies show a relationship between oral inflammatory processes and cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that dental care may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, due to the differences between men and women in the development and presentation of CVD, such effects may vary by sex. We use a valid set of instrumental variables to evaluate these issues and include a test of essential heterogeneity. CVD events include new occurrences of heart attack (including death from heart attack), stroke (including death from stroke), angina, and congestive heart failure. Controls include age, race, education, marital status, foreign birthplace, and cardiovascular risk factors (health status, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking status, diabetes status, high-blood-pressure status, physical activity, and depression). Our analysis finds no evidence of essential heterogeneity. We find the minimum average treatment effect for women to be −0.01, but find no treatment effect for men. This suggests that women who receive dental care may reduce their risk of future CVD events by at least one-third. The findings may only apply to married middle-aged and older individuals as the data set is only representative for this group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of extended cardiac monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea

Background The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and increased risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been well established in previous studies. The relationship between OSA and silent AF is unknown. We hypothesized that patients with OSA but no known history of AF are at an increased risk for the arrhythmia and may be detectable by prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. In this study, we examined whether 7 days of extended cardiac monitoring with an ECG event recorder is an effective screening tool to detect intermittent, silent AF in patients with severe OSA.
Non-Galois cubic fields which are Euclidean but not norm-Euclidean

Weinberger in 1973 has shown that under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for Dedekind zeta functions, an algebraic number field with infinite unit group is Euclidean if and only if it is a principal ideal domain. Using a method recently introduced by us, we give two examples of cubic fields which are Euclidean but not norm-Euclidean.
FILLING TIME VERSUS AFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO THE ACTIVITY THAT FILLS THE TIME: INDEPENDENT EFFECTS ON TIME JUDGMENT?

Previous time perception research has confounded manipulations intended to evoke different affective reactions to the task with different levels of nontemporal processing demands. An attempt was made to separate these dimensions by a social comparison procedure aimed at making the same concurrent task (card sorting) appear differentially interesting to two groups of college students. Response uncertainty varied within the task so that processing demands could be compared while reported interest in the task varied between groups. Magnitude of time estimates related inversely to response uncertainty, but reported interest in the task made no independent contribution to the variance of estimates.
Enantioselective acylation of a beta-lactam intermediate in the synthesis of loracarbef using penicillin G amidase

Penicillin G amidase from E. coli has been shown to selectively acylate, in an efficient manner, the (2R,3S) isomer of a cis, racemic azetidinone intermediate used in a synthesis of loracarbef, a carbacephalosporin antibiotic. The acylation occurs using methyl phenylacetate (MPA) and using methyl phenoxyacetate (MPOA) as the acylating agents. The enzyme displays similar enantioselectivity with MPOA or MPA.
Exciton thermoreflectance of MgO and CaO

Abstract Thermoreflectance spectra from 6–8 eV are presented. Improved values are given for the spin-orbit splitting of the 0(2 p ) level at Γ and the positions of exciton-phonon structures. For MgO, evidence is presented for the inversion of the normal ordering of the valence band spin-orbit splitting. The data are discussed in terms of recent theoretical treatments of the exciton-phonon interaction.
N-Linked Glycoprotein Biosynthesis in the Developing Mouse Embryo

Abstract We have developed microenzymic assays that have, for the first time, enabled analysis of several enzymes in the pathway for N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis in pre- and peri-implantation mouse embryos. The in vitro activities of the glycosyl transferases responsible for the formation of N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol, N,N′-diacetylchitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol, mannosylphosphoryldolichol, and glucosylphosphorylodolichol were found to decrease after fertilization before increasing significantly at the blastocyst stage, a stage that was also found to be highly sensitive to the glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. The observed elevation in the activities of these enzymes in blastocysts still occurred when embryos were cultured in α-amanitin, indicating that de novo mRNA synthesis is unnecessary for the observed increase in their activities. Thus, an elevated capacity for N-glycosylation exists at the blastocyst stage, a time when dramatic increases in cell-cell interactions are known to occur.
The Use of Antidepressant Medications in Substance Abuse Treatment: The Public-Private Distinction, Organizational Compatibility, and the Environment∗

Many studies of innovation adoption in health care organizations focus either on organizational characteristics or the institutional environment, but not both. Furthermore, these perspectives are rarely employed simultaneously in both public and private health care organizations. This research considers the public-private distinction, organizational compatibility, and interorganizational referral relationships in the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by substance abuse treatment organizations. Using data from nationally representative samples of 363 publicly funded and 403 privately funded substance abuse treatment centers, a four-category typology of public and private organizations initially predicted variation in SSRI use. However, some differences were no longer significant once organizational and environmental characteristics were added to the statistical model. These data support hypotheses about the associations between organizational characteristics and SSRI use as well as hypotheses regarding the external environment. Future research should continue to integrate both internal and external factors in theoretical explanations of innovation adoption.
A novel device for endoscopic submucosal dissection that combines water-jet submucosal hydrodissection and elevation with electrocautery: initial experience in a porcine model

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection requires a high degree of endoscopic skill and specifically designed dissecting instruments. Objective To describe the technique for endoscopic submucosal dissection when using the ERBE Hybrid Knife, which combines an ultrafine high-pressure water jet with an electrocautery needle. Design Descriptive study (ex vivo and in vivo porcine esophagus, stomach, and colon). Interventions The only instrument used for the dissection was the ERBE Hybrid Knife. The high-pressure water jet was used at a pressure between 45 and 60 bar for creating submucosal fluid elevation. After this, circumferential mucosal incisions and submucosal dissection were performed with the FORCED COAG and ENDOCUT D modes of the same device. The water jet was used intermittently during the dissection process. Main Outcome Measurements At the end of the in vivo experiments, animals were killed and the organs removed for evaluation. Results Multiple endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures were successfully performed. It was possible to create submucosal fluid cushions rapidly. Repeated fluid injections during dissection were easily facilitated with the same device. All ex vivo gastric endoscopic submucosal dissections of 50 × 40-mm lesions were completed within 10 minutes. In the in vivo studies, the mean size of the gastric and colonic specimens was 3.7 ± 2.1 × 2.3 ± 1 cm, and the dissections were completed within 8 minutes. No thermal injury was observed on the serosa, and no perforations were detected. Conclusions Endoscopic submucosal dissection can be safely and effectively achieved in a porcine model with the ERBE Hybrid Knife and should be considered a suitable device for this procedure in humans.
Computer simulation of large-scale controlled-potential electrolysis. Father—son and grandfather—grandson self-protonation systems

Abstract In some electrochemical systems, transfer of an electron from the electrode to the starting material is followed by a reaction in which the electrogenerated intermediate (radical anion) abstracts a proton from unreduced starting material. Products of this self-protonation or father—son proton transfer are a neutral radical, thought to be more easily reduced than the starting material, and the conjugate base of the parent. Linear scan voltammetry fails to discriminate between two mechanistic scenarios, one where transfer of a second electron to the neutral radical occurs at the electrode surface (EC/kE irr ) and the other where the second electron is transferred to the neutral radical in solution by the radical anion (DISP1). Reduction of the neutral radical results in an anion that is thought to be more basic than the radical anion; thus this anion should be more reactive toward unreduced starting material than the radical anion. We have utilized computer simulations of controlled-potential electrolyses to investigate systematically the competition between (i) unreduced starting material and the neutral radical for the radical anion in father—son proton-transfer systems, (ii) father—son and grandfather—grandson self-protonation reactions, and (iii) protonation of the son and grandson species by the medium. Under typical experimental conditions for controlled-potential electrolyses, the maximum yield of two-electron reduction product formed via the heterogeneous electron transfer is 64%. In addition, we have found that, when the second-order rate constant for the father—son proton-transfer reaction is less than 2.5 × 10 8 M −1 s −1 , more than 95% of the two-electron reduction product is formed via the solution electron-transfer reaction. For a mechanistic scheme where father—son and grandfather—grandson proton-transfer reactions both play a role, product distributions vary, as a function of three parameters, from quantitative formation of the two-electron reduction product to a 1:2 mixture of the two-electron reduction product and the conjugate base of the starting material.