cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of insulin receptors among mouse liver endomembranes

Abstract Specific binding of insulin to highly purified preparations of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane of mouse liver was determined. 125 I-labeled insulin bound maximally to the plasma membrane in radio-receptor assays. Golgi apparatus fractions exhibited binding 10–20% that of plasma membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited only 1–2% of plasma membrane binding. Binding was proportional to membrane concentration and dose vs. response curves were very similar for the different fractions. Scatchard analysis of the insulin binding data for the plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus fractions showed curvilinear plots yielding similar apparent binding affinities (0.9 and 3.0 · 10 8 M −1 , respectively). Purity of the isolated endomembranes was analyzed by morphometry and (Na + + K + + Mg 2+ )-ATPase and these preparations displayed less than 1% contamination by plasma membrane. These findings provide important confirmation of the presence of insulin receptors in Golgi apparatus membranes comparable to those located on the plasma membrane. Finally, the present study did not allow us to verify the existence of insulin receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Correcting Oil/Water Relative Permeability Data for Capillary End Effect in Displacement Experiments

Capillary effects in low flow rate displacement experiments cause error in relative permeability values calculated by JBN or Jones and Roszelle methods. The results from a series of displacement and capillary pressure experiments were used along with a history matching package to quantify the changes in relative permeabilities with rate. The experiments were conducted with different rates on short and long cores. The history matching procedure was developed using a one-dimensional, two phase finite difference simulator, and the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm.
Erosion and sedimentation around Mytilus Seamount, New England continental rise

Abstract The presence of Mytilus Seamount within the axis of the Western Boundary Undercurrent of the North Atlantic has modified the bottom water's flow pattern (measured by four current meters) and thermal structure (measured by a thermometer attached to a deeply towed instrument package). Attempts at bottom photography indicate that very high concentrations of suspended matter are present within a layer of isothermal (θ = 1·7°C) bottom water which covers the rise locally at the foot of the northern slopes of the seamount. Erosional channels up to 50 m deep have been incised into Pleistocene and Holocene continental rise sediments. The sediment-covered crest of the seamount is overlain by clear water and exhibits bedforms and truncated sediment horizons indicating strong scour by dominantly tidal currents.
The synthesis of [9](2,4)pyrrolophanes

Abstract Two methods utilized in the synthesis of [9](2,4)pyrrolophanes are reported. The first, an application of the Paal-Knorr cyclization, involved the condensation of ammonia with 3-formylcyclododecanone. The second method employed the condensation of 3-chlorocyclododec-2-en-1-one with diethyl aminomalonate.
Institutional branding: a content analysis of public service announcements from American universities

American universities receive millions of dollars worth of media exposure every year via Public Service Announcements (PSAs) broadcast during their respective school's athletic competitions. This research explores the message strategies and executional devices used by NCAA FBS (National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Bowl Subdivision) classification schools during the 2010 football season. This study is the most comprehensive content analysis of this subject matter to date. 115 PSAs were examined, representing 111 of the 120 schools which comprise this tier of American higher education institutions. 51 variables were operationalised and are detailed in this article. These variables include messaging specific to institutional communications, as well as common creative approaches used within television advertising. Findings suggest that there is indeed a ‘sea of sameness’ across these communications and that few schools are creating unique messages. This article continues the theoretical work in t...
Women in Baseball: The Forgotten History

An Unlikely Convergence: Victorian Ladies and the National Sport of Baseball Baseball at the Early Women's Colleges Women's Own Semi-Professional and Professional Baseball Teams in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s Turn of the Century Women Pioneers in Men's Minor and Major League Baseball Women Stars in Exhibition Baseball Games in the 1930s and 1940s Little League: Yes, Virginia, Little Girls Were Allowed to Play Baseball before 1974 Women in the Negro Leagues: Effa Manley, Owner, and Toni Stone, Player World War II: The All American Girls' Professional Baseball League Profiles of Some All American Girls' Professional Baseball Players "Never Say Die": Allington's World Champion All Americans 1954-1957 Epilogue: The Current Ambiguity about Women's Role in Baseball Appendix: Additional Sources for Information on Women and Baseball Index
Application of Particle Methods to Static Fracture of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Particle methods for modeling reinforced concrete are described. The reinforcements are modeled by finite elements and are coupled to the particle method by Lagrange multipliers. The method is applicable to nonlinear problems, problems with moderate to severe cracking and deformable interfaces. Applications to the static response of reinforced concrete structures where the concrete is discretized with particles and the reinforcement with elements are described. The method is also tested for several static problems where no relative displacements between the concrete and the reinforcement are allowed.
Determination of neutron multiplication of subcritical HEU systems using delayed neutrons

Abstract This report presents a new method for the nondestructive analysis of highly enriched uranium (HEU). The method uses a source of 14-MeV neutrons to induce fission in the HEU sample. The 14-MeV neutron source is pulsed at a rate of 50 Hz. Between pulses, neutrons are detected with a medium-efficiency 3 He-based neutron detector. These neutrons are delayed neutrons from fission products that result from HEU fission events induced during the pulse and from fission events induced by the delayed neutrons from the fission products. The time history of neutron detection is recorded and subsequently analyzed according to the Feynman reduced variance method to yield rates of detection of one ( N 1/s), two ( N 2/s), and three ( N 3/s) neutrons from fission events. Ratios of ( N 2/s)/( N 1/s) and ( N 3/s)/( N 1/s) are compared with model calculations to extract the neutron multiplication. The rate N 1/s is used to deduce the HEU system mass. Measurements were performed on a set of spherical HEU samples enriched to 93% metal. The samples were assembled from a set of nesting hollow hemispheres. The mass of the HEU samples ranged from 592 to 13722 g. Experimentally determined total neutron multiplications for the HEU samples were compared with calculations performed with the ONEDANT code. Overall agreement was better than 5%. Experimentally determined mass values agreed with the stated mass values to better than 5%.
Effect of carbon nanotubes growth topology on the mechanical behavior of hybrid carbon nanotube/carbon fiber polymer composites

In this study carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) by growing them on the surface of PAN-based carbon fibers utilizing a relatively low temperature technique. The effect of various surface treatments of the carbon fibers on the in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical performance of the hybrid CFRPs (e.g. exposure to or shielding against elevated temperatures, patterned vs. unpatterned growth of the CNTs over the carbon fibers) were investigated. The in-plane quasi-static mechanical properties and out-of-plane dynamic properties of the hybrid CFRPs were examined utilizing tension and dynamic impact tests, respectively. To study the progressive damage mechanism of the hybrid CFRPs, spherical punch tests as well as X-ray radiography of the impact damaged hybrid CFRPs were carried out. The results revealed that the strength and impact energy dissipation of the CFRPs improved by 11% and 127%, respectively, utilizing patterned growth of CNTs on the surface of the carbon fibers. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000–000, 2015. V C 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
The trouble with teaching ethics on trolley cars and train tracks

In this study, I investigate the beliefs of privileged adolescents about their obligations to those contending with hunger and poverty as well as the impact of ‘trolley problems’ upon these adolescents' beliefs. To consider the attitudes of the young adults in this study, I draw upon their student writing from a course on social issues as well as survey and interview data collected at the start and conclusion of this course. I found that, for the privileged adolescents in this study, their consideration of a particular trolley problem actually decreased their sense of responsibility for countries and individuals contending with hunger and poverty.
Research on the Ontology-Based Complex Event Processing Engine of RFID Technology for Agricultural Products

In order to improve the discriminating capacity of the RFID tags for agricultural products traceability data, a new handling engine ORFID-CEP for complex events of agricultural products RFID Tag based on ontology, is proposed by introducing the event ontology model into the field of the agricultural products quality safety administration. In the new engine, the ontology model of RFID event, semantic space and the rules of the event ontology are defined. In the RFID practical application instances, the number of the fringe real-time events is so large that those methods used in current systems can not handle them in time. Thus, many significant events are lost. Aiming to overcome the problem, the transform system of work flow for the complex event ontology and the optimized strategies for event exploration, event operation and restrictive conditions of event appearance are established. Experimental results show that the new engine can mine more complex events with semantic information than the conventional Esper-CEP engine. Additionally, the new engine is steadier than the Esper-CEP engine. With increasing number of the events, the growth rate of the new engine for mining complex events raises more quickly than Esper-CEP, which indicates that the engine has the good ability of information process.
A direct measurement of skull attenuation for quantitative SPECT

The attenuation of 140-keV photons is measured in three empty skulls by placing a /sup 99m/Tc line source inside each one and acquiring projection data. These projections are compared to projections of the line source alone in order to determine the transmission through each point in the skull surrounding the line source. The effective skull thickness is calculated for each point using an assumed dense bone attenuation coefficient. The relative attenuation for this thickness of bone is compared to that of an equivalent amount of soft tissue to evaluate the increased attenuation of photons in brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) relative to a uniform soft tissue approximation. For the skull regions surrounding most of the brain, the effective bone thickness varies considerably, but is generally less than 6 mm, resulting in a relative attenuation increase of less than 6%. >
The role of magnetic materials in rf, microwave, and mm-wave devices: The quest for self-biased materials

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: magnetic materials; microwave devices; mm-wave devices; magnetic permeability; high-frequency application; material selection; cubic ferrites; hexagonal ferrites; self-bias application; M-type hexaferrites; Y-type hexaferrites; Z-type hexaferrites; particle processing; screen printing; and anisotropic compaction.
Addressing Collaborative Attacks and Defense in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Since ad hoc networks rely on nodes cooperation to establish communication, malicious nodes can compromise the entire network. If they collaborate the devastation is even worse. Collaborative attacks may cause more devastating impacts on wireless environments than single and uncoordinated groups of attacks, as they combine efforts of more than one attacker against the target victim. In this paper, we present the most important forms of attacks,discuss possible collaborations among attackers, show how machine learning techniques and signal processing techniques can be used to detect and defend against collaborative attacks in such environments, and discuss implementation issues.
A Classification of Elective Cardiac Arrest for Open Heart Surgery

The several forms of elective cardiac arrest which are potentially applicable to open heart surgery are: ventricular fibrillation, profound hypothermia, vagal stimulation or chemical stimulation, and potassium standstill. While some enthusiasm remains for acetylcholine and prostigmine, potassium arrest is the most commonly accepted technique.
Control of the Postmating Behavioral Switch in Drosophila Females by Internal Sensory Neurons

Summary Mating induces changes in the receptivity and egg-laying behavior in Drosophila females, primarily due to a peptide pheromone called sex peptide which is transferred with the sperm into the female reproductive tract during copulation. Whereas sex peptide is generally believed to modulate fruitless - GAL4 -expressing neurons in the central nervous system to produce behavioral changes, we found that six to eight sensory neurons on the reproductive tract labeled by both ppk-GAL4 and fruitless-GAL4 can sense sex peptide to control the induction of postmating behaviors. In these sensory neurons, sex peptide appears to act through Pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and suppression of protein kinase A activity to reduce synaptic output. Our results uncover a neuronal mechanism by which sex peptide exerts its control over reproductive behaviors in Drosophila females.
Update on extracorporeal photopheresis in heart and lung transplantation

Transplant rejection of solid organs remains a threat to thousands of patients despite modern immunosuppressive regimens. The currently available drugs are associated with severe complications such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, risk of infections, and malignancies among many others and, often enough, still allow episodes of rejection. New and less-toxic immunologic measures are desperately needed to accomplish the desired tolerance to the transplant without the undesirable side effects. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been shown to benefit especially patients with cardiac transplants, but also those who received lung allografts. ECP likely modulates the recipient's antigen-specific immune responses and inflammation in transplantation by in vivo generation of apoptotic leukocytes. This review will highlight the need for ECP, how it is thought to act, and the published evidence for its role in cardiac and pulmonary transplantation. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of cortisone upon chemical composition of allantoic fluid of the chick embryo.

Summary1. The observed rise in sodium and the decrease in potassium in the allantois fluid of chick embryos treated with cortisone are the reverse of the reported changes in the urine of human subjects receiving this steroid, and resemble those seen in adrenal insufficiency. 2. The increased chloride and sugar levels in the fluid of the allantois following therapy with the higher dosages of cortisone resemble directionally the renal effects of cortisone in man.
M062 Is a Host Range Factor Essential for Myxoma Virus Pathogenesis and Functions as an Antagonist of Host SAMD9 in Human Cells

Myxoma virus (MYXV) M062R is a functional homolog of the C7L family of host range genes from orthopoxviruses. We constructed a targeted M062R-knockout-MYXV (vMyxM062-KO) and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. In European rabbits, infection by vMyxM062-KO was completely asymptomatic. The surviving rabbits did not gain full protection against the subsequent lethal-dose challenge with wild-type MYXV. We also looked for cellular tropism defects in a variety of cultured cells. In all of the rabbit cells tested, vMyxM062-KO conducts an abortive infection, although it initiates viral DNA replication. In many, but not all, human cancer cells that are permissive for wild-type MYXV, vMyxM062-KO exhibited a profound replication defect. We categorized human cells tested into two groups: (i) type A, which support productive replication for wild-type MYXV but are unable to produce significant levels of progeny virus by vMyxM062-KO, and (ii) type B, which are permissive to infections by both wild-type MYXV and vMyxM062-KO. Furthermore, using proteomic strategies, we identified sterile α motif domain containing 9 (SAMD9), an interferon-regulated cellular protein implicated in human inflammatory disorders, as a unique host binding partner of M062 in human cells. Significantly, knocking down SAMD9 in type A human cancer cells led to a substantial rescue of vMyxM062-KO infection. In summary, M062 is a novel host range factor that controls productive MYXV replication in rabbit cells and in a wide variety of human cells. M062 also binds and antagonizes cellular SAMD9 in human cells, suggesting that SAMD9 is a novel innate antiviral factor against poxviruses.
IMPACT, the LLNL 3‐D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of ozone and other trace gases

[1] We present a global chemical transport model called the Integrated Massively Parallel Atmospheric Chemical Transport (IMPACT) model. This model treats chemical and physical processes in the troposphere, the stratosphere, and the climatically critical tropopause region, allowing for physically based simulations of past, present, and future ozone and its precursors. The model is driven by meteorological fields from general circulation models (GCMs) or assimilated fields representing particular time periods. It includes anthropogenic and natural emissions, advective and convective transport, vertical diffusion, dry deposition, wet scavenging, and photochemistry. Simulations presented here use meteorological fields from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Middle Atmospheric Community Climate Model, Version 3 (MACCM3). IMPACT simulations of radon/lead are compared to observed vertical profiles and seasonal cycles. IMPACT results for a full chemistry simulation, with approximately 100 chemical species and 300 reactions representative of a mid-1990s atmosphere, are presented. The results are compared with surface, satellite, and ozonesonde observations. The model calculates a total annual flux from the stratosphere of 663 Tg O3/year, and a net in situ tropospheric photochemical source (that is, production minus loss) of 161 Tg O3/year, with 826 Tg O3/year dry deposited. NOx is overpredicted in the lower midlatitude stratosphere, perhaps because model aerosol surface densities are lower than actual values or the NOx to NOy conversion rate is underpredicted. Analysis of the free radical budget shows that ozone and NOy abundances are simulated satisfactorily, as are HOx catalytic cycles and total production and removal rates for ozone.
Microbubble Therapy Enhances Anti-tumor Properties of Cisplatin and Cetuximab In Vitro and In Vivo

Objective. To determine if microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy (MB-UST) can improve cisplatin or cetuximab cytotoxicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro and in vivo by ...
Design, fabrication and characterization of optical microring sensors on metal substrates

Optical microring sensors can provide measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution along with immunity to electromagnetic interference, multiplexing capabilities and high rates of data collection. If these micro optical sensors can be fabricated on metals, tremendous benefits can be achieved for real industrial applications. In this paper, the principles of the optical microring resonator as temperature sensors were studied. A ring resonator with silicon nitride as the core layer and silica as the cladding layer was designed and fabricated on metal. A nonuniform taper was introduced and optimized to facilitate light coupling. Wafer-scale fabrication processes based on standard microfabrication and electroplating techniques were developed to fabricate the sensors on nickel substrates. Experimental characterization of those microring resonators as temperature sensors was carried out to investigate the feasibility and functionality of optical thin film sensors on metal substrates. The measured thermal sensitivity of microring sensors on the metal substrate was 22.5 pm °C−1, which is much higher than that of those sensors on silicon. This study paves a way to apply optical sensors on metal for manufacturing environments.
MARS - Missouri Automated Radiology System, computer graphics in an automated department

One begins increasingly to hear the phrase “out of control” in reference to rising health care costs. Whether or not the health care system is out of control, cost projections are beginning to approach 10% of the gross national product. A very small percent of health care costs represent the application of technology in medicine; computer automation techniques offer the promise to both increase the quality of health care and reduce costs. Our effort has been to apply these techniques to an entire department of Radiology and thus to test the cost effectiveness of automated health care in the clinical context. I am reporting today on modules of our system that involve the use of computer graphics.I should like first to make a philosophical point. The concept of a total hospital information system is logically prior to that of any particular department. We begin by postulating that such a system will include a central file with selective access. By constructing a system that meets the needs of our department we will (1) have guaranteed the peripheral specification necessary to any system; 2) demonstrated a model for information processing applicable to other departments with similar information requirements; and 3) be ready to aid in the integration of intra-department information systems when they are ready.This paper is concerned I ) with the medical information system being transferred to a small stand-alone computer; 2) with the system test of a 35 mm radiographic imaging system; 3) computer assisted diagnosis and 4) direct computer diagnosis from chest radiographs.
On forecasting the presidential vote

“He's breaking every political scientist's heart.” Mark Shields, commenting on the Gore campaign for The Newshour with Jim Lehrer on election eve, November 6, 2000It did not look good for Gore leading up to Election Day. Five days before the election, not a single national poll had Gore ahead. Indeed, the polls at that time showed Bush leading by four percentage points on average (see Table 1). Bush was campaigning in California, and the rumors were that he already had shut down his own internal polling. Even on election eve, only two polls (CBS and Zogby/MSNBC) showed Gore ahead. In these final preelection polls, Bush was leading by 1.7 percentage points on average, and with a pooled N of over 10,000 respondents! At midnight, as Election Day began, the Iowa Political Stock Market vote share market indicated a commanding Bush lead of 4.5 points and the winner-take-all market put the effective probability of a Bush victory at 71%. Some political commentators were writing Gore's epitaph (Kurtz 2000). His one hope, it appeared, was to win the Electoral College vote despite losing the popular vote.
Diverging Orbits: Situation Definitions in Creation of Regimes for Broadcast and Remote Sensing Satellites

The divergent results of two roughly simultaneous negotiations about international regimes for TV broadcasting and remote sensing from satellites reveal that governments do not form preferences by referring only to the interests emphasized in rational choice accounts or to the identities emphasized in sociological institutionalist ones. Tracing the course of the negotiations reveals that governments' perceptions of the interests and identities at stake, and their formulation of their preferences are shaped by their understanding of the contours of the problem or issue at hand. These understandings, or situation definitions, structure political interactions by indicating the causal and moral beliefs relevant to the question at hand, the range of efficacious and acceptable policy means available for addressing it, and the sorts of authority, expertise, skills, and other resources that give particular actors strong claims to inclusion in the process of deciding how to address it.
Many Multiple Myelomas: Making More of the Molecular Mayhem

Multiple myeloma (MM) is malignancy of isotype-switched, BM-localized plasma cells that frequently results in bone destruction, BM failure, and death. Important molecular subgroups are identified by three classes of recurrent immunoglobulin gene translocations and hyperdiploidy, both of which affect disease course. From a clinical standpoint, it is critical to identify MM patients carrying the t(4;14) translocation, which is present in 15% of myelomas and is associated with dysregulation of WHSC1/MMSET and often FGFR3. These patients should all receive bortezomib as part of their initial induction treatment because this has been shown to significantly prolong survival. In contrast, patients with translocations affecting the MAF family of transcription factors, del17p, or gene-expression profiling (GEP)-defined high-risk disease appear to have a worse prognosis that is not dramatically improved by any intervention. These patients should be enrolled in innovative clinical trials. The remaining patients with cyclin D translocations or hyperdiploidy do well with most therapies, and the goal should be to control disease while minimizing toxicity.
Development of a cardiovascular calcification index using simple imaging tools in haemodialysis patients

Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent in haemodialysis patients and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Though cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is accurate, it is not widely available. Methods We developed a cardiovascular calcification index (CCI) to predict the presence of CAC for haemodialysis patients using simple in-office techniques. Prevalent haemodialysis patients (n = 140) underwent CCT imaging for CAC, a lateral abdominal X-ray for calcification of the abdominal aorta, an echocardiogram for valvular calcification, and pulse pressure measurement. A CCI was derived by weighting the prevalence rate ratios of CAC > or =1000. Using bootstrap techniques, validation was performed using receiver operator characteristic curves and likelihood ratios. Results Points were assigned for patients' age (60-69 and > or =70 years, 1 and 2 points, respectively), dialysis vintage > or =2 years (1 point), aortic and mitral valve calcification (3 and 1 points, respectively), and abdominal aorta X-ray scores of 1-6 and > or =7 (2 and 4 points, respectively). Race, sex and pulse pressure did not contribute to the CCI. The CCI ranged from 0 to 11 points. The likelihood ratio of CAC > or =1000 associated with CCI scores of 2-4, 5, 6-8 and 9-11 were 1.28, 2.03, 2.94 and 3.83, respectively. Given the prevalence of CAC > or =1000 of 21% in the current study, the probability of having CAC > or =1000 was 26%, 38%, 43% and 50% for participants with CCI scores of 2-4, 5, 6-8, and > or =9, respectively. Conclusions Although refinement is needed, the CCI developed in the current study provides an alternative for predicting CAC when CCT is not available.
"That's not a beer bong, it's a breast pump!" representations of breastfeeding in prime-time fictional television.

Breastfeeding has been recognized as one of the key determinant in one's future health. Yet although most people are aware of the benefits, many women do not breastfeed their babies past the first ...
Identification and Characterization of the Point Mutation Which Affects the Transcription Level of the Chromosomal 3-N-Acetyltransferase Gene of Streptomyces griseus SS-1198

We determined the molecular basis for the enhanced expression of the aac(3)-Xa gene encoding an aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase in Streptomyces griseus. A C→T substitution was identified at the putative promoter of the mutant gene. RNA analyses demonstrated that the substitution caused a marked increase in the production of the gene-specific transcripts. Therefore, it seemed very likely that the aac(3)-Xa gene was activated by the substitution resulting in the emergence of a stronger promoter.
Effects of changes in well‐mixed gases and ozone on stratospheric seasonal temperatures

[1] Monthly and seasonal stratospheric zonal-mean temperature trends arising from recent changes in stratospheric ozone and well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGGs) are simulated using a general circulation model and compared with observed (1979–2000) trends. The combined effect of these gases yields statistically significant cooling trends over the entire globally averaged stratosphere in all months. In the Arctic (60°N–90°N), statistically significant trends occur only in summer and extend through the entire stratosphere. In the Antarctic (90°S–65°S), the simulations reproduce the observed seasonal pattern of the lower stratosphere temperature trend. Seasonal trends at 50 hPa are consistent with observed trends at all latitudes, considering model dynamical variability and observational uncertainty. The lack of robustness in simulated and observed Arctic winter trends indicates the futility of attributing these trends to trace gas concentration changes. Such attribution arguments may be made with greater confidence regarding middle and high latitude Northern Hemisphere summer temperature trends.
Enlarging the Understanding of Marital Commitment via Religious Devoutness, Gender Role Preferences, and Locus of Marital Control

Reference is made to the literature showing that marital commitment (defined by Becker as a “bet” on the future) has been strongly affected by variables such as love/caring and positive conflict resolution. The issue raised in this study is whether, given the continuing changes in female/male relationships over the past 20 years, additional factors stemming from those gender-based changes might gradually become part of a syndrome affecting the nature of the marital bond. This syndrome of factors includes gender role preferences, religious devoutness, and locus of control in marriage. Theoretical arguments supporting this gradual evolutionary emergence are presented along with an exploratory study suggesting propositions to be tested in future research—preferably within a life course perspective.
Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads

This paper presents the findings of shaking-table experiments conducted to examine the out-of-plane seismic performance of masonry veneer walls. Seven wall assemblies were tested, each consisting of a clay masonry veneer anchored to a wood-stud backing. Design variables include the type of veneer ties, tie spacing, and presence or absence of mortar joint reinforcement and window opening. The walls were designed and constructed in accordance with current US code provisions. Results of the experiments show that failure of the corrugated ties is governed by pullout of the nails from the wood studs, while failure of the rigid ties is governed by detachment from the mortar joints or pull-through of the screw heads through fastener holes. Both types of ties show satisfactory performance under ground motions corresponding to Design Basis and Maximum Considered Earthquakes representative of Seismic Design Category E. Although the rigid ties were stronger than the corrugated ties, they had wider vertical spacing and failed at a slightly higher seismic load. Observed extraction capacities of the nails show high variability, which merits attention. Joint reinforcement did not show any noticeable effect on the out-of-plane behavior of the veneer. Results of an analytical study have shown that the detachment of a veneer from the backing system is preceded by veneer cracking, which influences the distribution of tie forces, and that the vertical tie spacing influences the cracking load tor the veneer.
Theory based teaching strategies for conceptual understanding of Chemistry

The Information Processing Model and the Social Constructivist Theory provide a basis for modifying teaching strategies traditionally used in introductory chemistry courses. Theory-based strategies that have potential for improving students conceptual understanding of chemistry include: Integrating the macroscopic, particulate and symbolic ways of representing matter whenever appropriate; using Concep- Tests during lectures; utilizing the Learning Cycle approach for laboratory instruction, and using Problem- Based-Learning.
Estimates of Barometric Pumping of Moisture Through Unsaturated Fractured Rock

We present a theory for the motion of water vapor at depth in a discretely fractured permeable medium induced by atmospheric barometric pressure fluctuations, or ‘barometric pumping’. The theory involves multiphase mass and energy transport in a fracture/matrix system, with discrete representation of the fracture system. The barometric pressure fluctuations are approximated as periodic in time, with amplitude corresponding to measured values. To simplify the analysis, a ‘single-horizon’ approximation is applied in which the time-mean gradient is used to evaluate the vertical advective flux in the fractures. Time-periodic solutions are obtained numerically, enabling the calculation of the net efflux of moisture per cycle. The model is applied to material representative of the Yucca Mountain region of southwestern Nevada. The results indicate that the efflux of moisture carried upward from significant depths by barometric pumping is much less than the near surface efflux that is commonly estimated by assuming that air enters the medium dry and is returned to the atmosphere fully saturated with water vapor. This near surface efflux consists primarily of moisture discharged from the upper layer which is frequently replenished by precipitation. Of greater interest to nuclear waste repository design and estimations of net infiltration in arid regions is the fraction of the total moisture efflux that comes from significant depths. This deep transport is quantified by the fracture/matrix transport model described here. Although the transport by barometric pumping from depth is small compared to the total moisture expelled from the surface layer, it is an order of magnitude greater than the vertical moisture flux carried from depth by diffusion.
Sorption mechanisms of metals to graphene oxide

Environmental toxic metal contamination remediation and prevention is an ongoing issue. Graphene oxide is highly sorptive for many heavy metals over a wide pH range under different ionic strength conditions. We present x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy results investigating the binding environment of Pb(II), Cd(II) and U(VI) ions onto multi-layered graphene oxide (MLGO). Analysis indicates that the dominant sorption mechanism of Pb to MLGO changes as a function of pH, with increasing inner sphere contribution as pH increases. In contrast, the sorption mechanism of Cd to MLGO remains constant under the studied pH range. This adsorption mechanism is an electrostatic attraction between the hydrated Cd+2 ion and the MLGO surface. The U(VI), present as the uranyl ion, changes only subtly as a function of pH and is bound to the surface via an inner sphere bond. Knowledge of the binding mechanism for each metal is necessary to help in optimizing environmental remediation or prevention in filtration systems.
Disruption Aware Routing and link Scheduling for cognitive radio networks

We propose a Disruption Aware Routing and link Scheduling (DARS) scheme for multi-hop cognitive radio networks. The objective is to minimize disruptions to secondary user communication sessions due to channel switching and the resource consumption. We formulate the problem into an optimization problem and develop an efficient algorithm to solve the problem. The main idea is to monitor the data rate change of each communication session and then decide whether or not to change the routing and link scheduling. This eliminates unnecessary channel switching for secondary users. Simulation results demonstrate that DARS effectively reduces channel switching and disruptions to communication sessions.
Radiotherapy for Anal Cancer: Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Future Directions

The treatment of anal cancer has evolved remarkably in the past 30 years. Definitive chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care, allowing organ preservation and maintenance of continence for most patients. This article reviews recent advances in radiotherapy planning and delivery that have resulted in improvements in treatment-related toxicity. Most notably, the advent and wide adoption of intensity-modulated radiotherapy provides a superior toxicity profile compared with older techniques, while maintaining similar oncologic outcomes. Current areas of active research include optimizing and individualizing treatment intensity and possible integration of biologic agents and immunotherapies in the treatment of anal cancer.
Modeling Instability for Large Scale Processing Tasks Within HEP Distributed Computing Environments

The scale of large processing tasks being run within the scientific Grid and Cloud environments have introduced a need for stability guarantees from geographically spanning resources, to ensure that failures are detected and handled preemptively. Performance inefficiencies within stacked service environments are a challenge to detect, where failures stem from a multitude of causes, often requiring expert intervention. Online reporting and classification of performance fluctuations can aid experts, central services, and users to target service areas where optimizations can be introduced. This paper describes an approach for modeling performance states for production tasks running within the ALICE Grid. We first provide an overview for the ALICE data and software workflow, focusing on the production job computational profile. Data center event state is then developed, based on data center job, computing, storage, and user behavior. With across site analysis, we then train groups to classify service domain states. Our approach is able to detect periods of service instability and the affected service domains. This can guide users, central, and data center experts to take action in advance of service failure effects.
Comparison of readmission and short-term mortality rates between different types of urinary diversion in patients undergoing radical cystectomy

To analyze the impact of urinary diversion type following radical cystectomy (RC) on readmission and short-term mortality rates. Patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer in the National Cancer Data Base were grouped based on the type of urinary diversion performed: non-continent [ileal conduit (IC)] or two continent techniques [continent pouch (CP) and orthotopic neobladder (NB)]. We used propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models to compare 30-day readmission and 30- and 90-day mortality between the different types of urinary diversion. Among 11,933 patients who underwent RC, we identified 10,197 (85.5%) IC, 1044 (8.7%) CP, and 692 (5.8%) NB. Patients who received IC were significantly older and had more comorbidities (p < 0.0001). Continent diversions were more likely to be performed at an academic center (p < 0.0001). Surgery performed at a non-academic center was an independent predictor of 30-day readmission (OR 1.19, p = 0.010) and 30-day mortality (OR 1.27, p = 0.043). Patients undergoing NB had an increased likelihood of being readmitted (OR 1.41, p = 0.010). There was no significant difference in short-term mortality between groups. Patients undergoing NB had marginally increased rates of readmission compared to IC. Surgery performed at a non-academic center was associated with higher readmission and 30-day mortality. Similar short-term mortality rates were observed among the different types of urinary diversion.
Abstract 17896: Azithromycin Therapy Reduces Cardiac Inflammation and Mitigates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction: Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Ischemic Heart Disease

Introduction and Hypothesis: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a primary cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Macrophages are fundamental components of post-AMI inflammation. Pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1-like) can lead to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure while anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2-like) enhance tissue healing. Shifting the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages post-AMI is a novel therapeutic strategy. Azithromycin (AZM) polarizes macrophages towards M2-like phenotype in animal and human studies. We hypothesized that using AZM can decrease adverse cardiac remodeling and improve heart function following AMI. Methods and results: Male mice (C57BL/6, 6-8 weeks old) were treated with AZM orally (160 mg/kg/day) or vehicle starting 3 days prior to MI and continued to day 7 post-AMI. We observed significant reduction in mortality with AZM therapy. AZM-treated mice showed reduction in M1-like (CD45+/Ly6G-/F4-80+/CD86+) and increase in M2-like (CD45+/Ly6G-/F4-80+/CD206+) macrophages leading to significant reduction in the M1/M2 ratio in the heart and peripheral blood (Fig 1A) as assessed by flow cytometry. Macrophage changes were associated with significant reduction in pro-inflammatory and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine production as assessed by real-time PCR (Fig 1B and 1C). Mechanistically, AZM treatment was associated with increased neutrophil apoptosis, a known signal for shifting macrophages towards an M2-like phenotype. AZM treatment was associated with enhanced cardiac recovery, higher global ejection fraction, lower systolic diameter and smaller scar size at 30 days post-AMI (Fig 1D). Conclusion: Azithromycin plays a cardioprotective role post-AMI through attenuating inflammation and enhancing cardiac recovery. Long term and human translational studies are planned to examine the therapeutic applications of AZM.
Remaining Line Opacity Problems for the Solar Spectrum

We need high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise spectra of the Sun with complete spectral coverage. The solar spectrum provides the insolation that controls the atmospheric chemistry of the Earth and of all the solar bodies. It is important for stellar astrophysics as the «standard» stellar spectrum because it can be observed better than that of any other star. It is important for understanding the Sun, for it allows us to study the conditions and motions at its surface. It is an important high-temperature laboratory source for atomic and molecular spectroscopy
Investigation on suppression of fouling by magnetically responsive nanofiltration membranes

Abstract Magnetically responsive nanofiltration membranes have been developed by attaching a superparamagnetic nanoparticle to the end of polymer chains grafted from the surface of commercially available nanofiltration membranes. In an oscillating magnetic field, movement of these magnetically responsive polymer chains leads to break up of the concentration polarization at boundary layer. Experiments using feed streams consisting of an organic salt, an inorganic salt, as well as a synthetic oily wastewater have been conducted for periods of up to 6 h in order to determine the effect on long term membrane fouling. The results indicate suppression of long term fouling in the presence of an oscillating magnetic field.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Parkinson’s Disease

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures the movement of hydrogen. In the brain, these measures may be used as a proxy for cerebral integrity. In Parkinson's disease (PD), DTI studies have demonstrated changes in diffusion in the substantia nigra, frontal lobes, and parietal lobes. DTI in PD is an evolving technique.
Growth Pattern of the Normal and the Deprived Fetus

This presentation is limited to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Much of the existing information on fetal growth is based on birth weights at various gestational ages. This is open to criticism because pregnancies terminating before term are not normal. Yet, as will be pointed out later, fetal growth retardation is unlikely to occur early in the third trimester and this reduces the largest source of error. Furthermore, no better information is available, and birth weight data will therefore be reviewed and interpreted. In addition, linear body measurements, and organ weights obtained at necropsy will be examined.
SOLAR COOLING BY USE OF DESICCANTS

ABSTRACT Coastal Carolina Energy Laboratory of the University of South Carolina is investigating the possibility of using solar energy to power air conditioning systems. Both systems under investigation use shallow-well water to remove sensible heat. This operation is followed by a dehumidification-humidification process in order to obtain a final conditioned air temperature lower than the temperature of the well water. CELSAC (coastal Energy Laboratory Solar Air Conditioner) is a solid desiccant system using a lithium-chloride-impregnated honeycomb drying-wheel for dehumid ificat ion and using an aluminium heat recovery wheel to substantially increase the COP by recovering the heat of sorption resulting from the drying process. Solar hot-air collectors furnish the additional heat necessary to regenerate the sorbent wheel. CEL-CHEAP (Coastal Energy Laboratory - Chemical Heat Pump) is a liquid sorbent system using a calcium chloride solution for the dehumidification process. Well water simultaneously remove sensible heat and the heat of absorption. Regenration of the liquid desiccant is accomplished by allowing the dilute solution to flow down across the roof under a double-plastic sheet. Direct solar radiation heats the desiccant, and air exhausted from the building carries away the excess moisture. A unique feature of this system is its ability to store energy in order to heat or cool as a small quantity of concentrated solution. Design detals and operational results for both machines are reported.
Adaptation of Skeletal Structure to Mechanical Loading

Abstract In this chapter, we present a mechanobiologic perspective of the skeleton and the role of loading in bone mass acquisition during growth. Theoretical and computational investigations of bone functional adaptation are reviewed for cortical and cancellous bone. Similarly in vivo models of controlled loading are presented in the context of the theoretical modeling framework, highlighting knowledge gained from these experiments regarding the mechanobiologic response of cortical and cancellous bone. Finally, key mechanistic considerations are discussed, concluding with open questions and opportunities for future research in bone mechanotransduction.