cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Drinking-Induced Disinhibition Scale (DIDS): A Measure of Three Types of Disinhibiting Effects

Links between trait disinhibition and high-risk drinking are well established. It is also known that alcohol has disinhibiting effects. Nonetheless, there is no measure in the literature devoted exclusively to assessing disinhibiting effects of alcohol. The multidimensional Drinking-Induced Disinhibition Scale (DIDS) was developed as part of Study I, a prospective survey conducted with undergraduates (N = 337). Study II, a cross-sectional survey (N = 260), allowed for a confirmatory factor analysis and further validation of the measure through comparisons with an expectancies scale. The nine-item DIDS is comprised of three subscales assessing euphoric/social, dysphoric and sexual disinhibition. All three subscales had good internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were established in both studies. The subscales had different associations with high-risk drinking: sexual disinhibition predicted heavy episodic drinking; dysphoric disinhibition predicted alcohol-related problems and euphoric/social had associations with both. A cluster analysis revealed four distinct disinhibition profiles (i.e., low effect drinker; high euphoric/social only; high euphoric social and dysphoric; high euphoric/social and sexual), which predicted likelihood of high-risk drinking.
Inequalities in Scientific Understanding Differentiating Between Factual and Perceived Knowledge Gaps

This study assesses two key types of knowledge assessments, factual and perceived knowledge, in the study of knowledge gaps. In addition, we distinguish between communication channels in exploring the phenomenon, examining nanotechnology knowledge gaps based on levels of attention to traditional media, science blog use, and the frequency of interpersonal discussion. Using regression analysis, we find that how researchers measure knowledge can significantly affect the discovery of gaps. We also find differential effects based on communication channels, including evidence that the direction of perceived gaps in knowledge can be reversed as media consumption increases. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Suppression of Chemically Induced and Spontaneous Mouse Oocyte Activation by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Oocyte activation is an important process triggered by fertilization that initiates embryonic development. However, parthenogenetic activation can occur either spontaneously or with chemical treatments. The LT/Sv mouse strain is genetically predisposed to spontaneous activation. LT oocytes have a cell cycle defect and are ovulated at the metaphase I stage instead of metaphase II. A thorough understanding of the female meiosis defects in this strain remains elusive. We have reported that AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA) has an important role in stimulating meiotic resumption and promoting completion of meiosis I while suppressing premature parthenogenetic activation. Here we show that early activation of PRKA during the oocyte maturation period blocked chemically induced activation in B6SJL oocytes and spontaneous activation in LT/SvEiJ oocytes. This inhibitory effect was associated with high levels of MAPK1/3 activity. Furthermore, stimulation of PRKA partially rescued the meiotic defects of LT/Sv mouse oocytes in concert with correction of abnormal spindle pole localization of PRKA and loss of prolonged spindle assembly checkpoint activity. Altogether, these results confirm a role for PRKA in helping sustain the MII arrest in mature oocytes and suggest that dysfunctional PRKA contributes to meiotic defects in LT/SvEiJ oocytes.
Eight Men Out. Make that Nine.

The Constitution provides that all civil officers of the United States are potentially subject to removal from office by impeachment. The impeachment procedure has been infrequently used in our nation's history. Only nineteen people - two presidents, a cabinet member, a senator, a justice of the Supreme Court, and fourteen federal judges - have ever been impeached by the House of Representatives and brought up for trial before the Senate. Is it possible that there are officials of the United States government who have openly defied the authority of the Constitution and who therefore present an open-and-shut case for impeachment and removal from office? This article suggests that there are indeed, potentially at least nine of them - the Justices of the United States Supreme Court.
New Realities of Civil Practice: Economics, Ethics and Innovation

The 2015 Allerton Conference, entitled “New Realities of Civil Practice: Economics, Ethics and Innovation,” focused on the challenges facing law students, new lawyers, and veteran practitioners arising from the shortcomings of law school training, the growth of law student debt, the expansion of nontraditional legal service providers, and the new technologies available for fact investigations and for use at trials. This article summarizes the discussion and outlines reforms suggested by conference participants and during subsequent deliberations of the Illinois State Bar Association (ISBA) Civil Practice and Procedure Section Council.Amongst the suggested reforms were changes to Illinois Supreme Court Rules 23(b) and 23(e)(1) which dictate that written appellate court orders not qualifying as opinions under Rule 23(a) (i.e., with a “U” designation) have no “precedential” value. Instead, they can only be cited “to support contentions of double jeopardy, res judicata, collateral estoppel or law of the case.” Conference participants strongly supported amendments allowing written orders to be citable and to have some precedential effect.Another possible reform involves Illinois Supreme Court Rule 711, which allows unlicensed law students and graduates to provide specified legal services under some circumstances. One perceived problem is that Rule 711(b) limits the types of “organizations or programs” where such services may be provided – “a legal aid bureau, legal assistance program, organization, or clinic;” the “office of the public defender;” or “a law office of the State or any of its subdivisions.” Many participants supported an amendment allowing Rule 711 services in at least some segments of the private sector.Another perceived problem with Rule 711 is the lack of opportunity for any compensation for work done by law students. This issue is guided by an ABA law school accreditation norm which recently itself was under attack. Further, there was support for amending Rule 711 so that law students are eligible earlier in their academic careers. Other suggestions receiving significant support include giving practicing lawyers more of a role in law school classes and extracurricular programs, as well as adding new law school classes helping students be more “practice ready.”
Absorbance Ratioing as a Screen for Related Substances of Pharmaceutical Products

The identification of related substances in pharmaceutical products is generally incomplete during the initial stages of chromatographic method development. Absorbance ratioing, by simultaneously monitoring the column effluent at two wavelengths and ratioing the responses, provides a powerful screen for the selection of those related substances with significant changes in spectral characteristics. Several model compounds are examined to identify important considerations for effective application of this technique
HIERARCHICAL UNSTRUCTURED MESH GENERATION

An unstructured mesh generation method is described that uses a hierarchical tree structure and recursive cell subdivision to discretiz e regions around complicated geometries. The method employs a volume -to -surface approach, starting with a Cartesian -aligned and hexahedral -shaped root cell . R ecursive subdivision is then used to resolve geometric features. Multiple element shapes are emplo yed, but hexahedral -shape d elements are preferred . Body -conforming meshes are produced and viscous -type spacing is achievable near surfaces. A unique multigrid smoothing strategy is employed to produce high quality elements. Solution based mesh adaptation is also possible and is demonstrated on a two -dimensional example problem .
Abstract 1626: Polyribosome-associated proteins targeted by HDACi promote the selective degradation of oncogenic transcripts

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL We previously demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), including several HDAC6-selective inhibitors, rapidly induce the accelerated decay of ERBB2 mRNA as well as ∼ 300 other oncogenic transcripts possessing U-rich sequences in their 3’UTR. While the mechanism underlying this oncogene transcript decay switch remains unknown, more recent evidence indicates that HDACi induced ERBB2 mRNA decay occurs on actively translating polyribosomes; and current studies are attempting to define the polyribosome proteins mediating this switch as they might represent novel therapeutic target candidates. A screen for proteins rapidly modified, recruited to, or released from polyribosomes following HDACi exposure (trichostatin-A, TSA) was undertaken in the ERBB2-positive human breast cancer cell line, SKBR3. Monosome and polyribosome enriched cytosols from control or TSA treated cells were either sucrose gradient fractionated for Northern and Western blot analysis of fractions, or the proteins were resolved by 2-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis using three different isoelectric focusing gradients (ranging from pH 12 to pH 4). Western blots confirmed that monosome and polyribosome fractions contained the 40S ribosome scaffold protein, RACK1. Northern blots confirmed that HDACi (TSA × 6h) induced decay of ERBB2 mRNA, which could be completely prevented by co-treatment with the translational inhibitor cycloheximide, was confined to the polyribosome fractions. Comparison of the protein stained 2-D gels from control and treated samples indicated that 2-4 h of TSA exposure changes the isoelectric migration of >80 proteins, suggesting that HDACi induces post-translational modifications (PTMs) in various polyribosome proteins. Altered 2-D protein spots were excised, trypsin digested, and identified by nano-liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a 4000 QTRAP (Applied Biosystems, with Mascot v. 2.2 search database); in addition to RACK1, other TSA modified proteins include YB-1 (Y-box binding protein), DBPA (DNA-binding protein A), PRKRA (interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A), NPM (nucleophosmin), and HNRPC (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2). Western blots looking for differential lysine acetylation (Ac-K) revealed that TSA induces Ac-K protein isoforms in the sucrose gradient polyribosome fractions containing decaying ERBB2 mRNA; induced Ac-K isoforms were also observed on the 2-D gels. MS/MS analysis of these TSA induced Ac-K isoforms is expected to reveal novel polyribosome HDAC substrates and candidate effectors of oncogene transcript decay. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1626. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1626
Epidemiological Analysis and control Methods for Epidemic Mumps in 2010 in Puyang country

Objective:To find out the prevalence characteristics of Epidemic Mumps in 2010 in Puyang country,and to provide the scientific references for improving the prevention and controlling work of Epidemic Mumps.Methods:The study group's data from the centers for disease control and prevention China information system for disease control network for 2010 straight mumps cases information,population data source for the bureau of statistics.Results:Of the 2010 mumps constitution analysis shows that most incidence for 11~15 years old age,for 265 cases,of the total population 53%,and 4~6 years old populations,the number for 80 cases,accounting for 16% of the population;The men in 350 cases,the women in 150 cases,men more than women,slightly according to tests in mumps analysis shows that,the most in the June 140,for example,for the 28% of the total population,followed by April,for 100 cases,of 20% of the total population of 2010,the mumps vocational classification,main show that the crowd for students,for 310 cases,of the total population 62%,followed by asking young children,for 130 patients (26%),and finally for children,for 50 cases scattered,the 10% of the total population.Conclusion:Mumps for prevention and control work should pay attention to 20 years old of the following easy feeling crowd,especially students,should choose to have targeted vaccination way to control the mumps pop.
E-Portfolios in Social Work Curriculum: Demonstrating Integrative and Reflective Learning

Social work educators have used portfolios to evaluate learning over the past 3 decades. With student learning needs changing in response to technological learning opportunities, social work programs are starting a transition from the traditional, paper-based portfolio to an electronic one. The authors describe one program's formative evaluation of e-portfolios and how it led from a focus on the product, the portfolio, to a refocus on the portfolio creation process. Both the program and students gained from the e-portfolio through curriculum review and subsequent curriculum development and through student demonstration of integrative and reflective learning. Students who successfully articulate and demonstrate professional growth through the e-portfolio are likely to use that information in job interviews and graduate school applications. Thus, the e-portfolio can be an effective tool for using today's technology to meet student learner needs.
Complications in the Treatment of Facial Fractures

The evaluation and treatment of the more common and severe complications of facial fractures are reviewed. This analysis includes such conditions as nonunion and malunion of the maxilla, mandible, and zygoma, temporomandibular ankylosis, diplopia, enophthalmos, hypertelorism, dacrocystitis, and cerebrospinal otorhinorrhea. The discussion attempts to stress the importance of diagnosis regarding cosmesis and functional abnormalities. When possible, the pathophysiology is elucidated and evaluated to decide about methods of prevention. Preferred traditional and improved techniques of management are noted and compared to some of the less satisfactory procedures.
Free Energies of Redox Half-Reactions from First-Principles Calculations

Quantitative prediction of the energetics of redox half-reactions is still a challenge for modern computational chemistry. Here, we propose a simple scheme for reliable calculations of vertical ionization and attachment energies, as well as of redox potentials of solvated molecules. The approach exploits linear response approximation in the context of explicit solvent simulations with spherical boundary conditions. It is shown that both vertical ionization energies and vertical electron affinities, and, consequently redox potentials, exhibit linear dependence on the inverse radius of the solvation sphere. The explanation of the linear dependence is provided, and an extrapolation scheme is suggested. The proposed approach accounts for the specific short-range interactions within hybrid DFT and effective fragment potential approach as well as for the asymptotic system-size effects. The computed vertical ionization energies and redox potentials are in excellent agreement with the experimental values.
Why are there so many species of mollicutes? An essay on prokaryote diversity

Microbial species and genes are a natural treasure. Proximate factors determining their diversity include substrate, temperature, pressure, pH, atmosphere, osmolarity, redox, moisture and light, spatial and temporal features, and competitors. Interaction of these factors with microorganisms generates genetic and phenotypic diversity. Historical (evolutionary) factors, now being rapidly revealed by analysis of highly conserved macromolecules such as rRNA, determine diversity of cellular design and organization. The prokaryote class Mollicutes (mollicutes) can be used to illustrate these processes and relationships. These wall-less organisms, which are obligately associated with cells of eukaryotes, include commensals, mutualists, and pathogens, many of which are fastidious or noncultivable. Host ecologies organize proximate factors. Historical factors may reflect evolutionary origin at the time of radiation of the insect orders, and subsequent colonization of flowering plants and vertebrates. Based on current discovery curves, the mollicute genus Spiroplasma, which is obligately associated with arthropods, may be one of the largest genera of organisms. In this genus, a combination of nutritional and microhabitat specializations and ecological factors operating on both regional and local levels, are important determinants of diversity. Although most microbial taxa, like Mollicutes, are poorly known, current emphasis on microbial phylogeny should broaden our knowledge of microbial structure and function. Specialist microorganisms, whether primitive habitat-specific autotrophs, or symbiotes of eukaryotes, in their aggregate, have potentialities that vastly exceed those of eukaryotes, and merit attention and preservation.
Did the Party Really Control Soviet Science

This chapter will demonstrate that the Communist Party’s exercise of control over science was not absolute. It will be argued that, as science gained importance in the eyes of the Soviet leadership as an avenue for attaining economic development, science gained prestige and a certain amount of autonomy from the party in its own affairs. How-ever, this autonomy did not mean that scientists were permitted to act within the sphere of state politics. While prominent scientists were able to discuss with the Soviet leadership matters relating to their sphere of competence, they were not permitted to challenge freely the Soviet system at large. Thus, we see a difference in reaction to Sakharov’s influence on nuclear policy versus his influence on the issue of human rights. However, it must be recognized that the boundary of permissible speech granted to scientists appeared to change over time. During the first few years of Khrushchev’s rule, mild forms of dissent were tolerated in the science cities. However, by 1968, the boundary for permissible political dissent became more impenetrable. The limits of dissent were clearly demarcated by the leadership after the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia.
High Tc Superconducting Bandpass Filter

We have measured the surface resistance Rs of a YBCO thin film and fabricated superconducting planar bandpass filters. Planar resonator technique was used for the Rs estimation of the YBCO thin film deposited on a MgO substrate. Considerably low Rs of 0.39mΩ of the YBCO thin film was obtained at 4.4GHz and 77K, which was one thirtieth of that of a gold thin film at 77K. Using such low Rs YBCO thin films, we have also obtained a considerably low insertion loss of about 1dB at 77K with the 10GHz bandpass filters which have a various bandwidth from 0.5% to 10%.
Fabrication Methods for Improved Electromechanical Behavior in Piezoelectric Membranes

Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical to electrical energy under stretching and bending conditions. Optimizing the coupling conversion is imperative to the electromechanical behavior of a micromachined membrane’s performance. This paper discusses analytical calculations that were devised to determine the microscale structure that minimizes residual stress and outlines the implementation of fabrication technique variations including three different electrode configurations, trenching around the membrane, and reducing the total composite residual stress of the support structure using compressive silicon oxide. Lead zirconacte titanate (PZT) films between 1 and 3 μm thick with a ratio of Zr to Ti of 40:60 were deposited onto 3 mm square silicon membranes. The total tensile stress in the composite structure reaches 100 MPa during standard fabrication processing. Utilizing analytical calculations, a structure was determined that lowered the residual stress of the composite to 11 MPa and increased the electromechanical coupling 35 times. Changing the geometry of the electrode coverage decreased the residual stress of the composite by 40%. Trenching around the membrane provided a membrane with boundary conditions that approached simply supported and decreased the composite residual stress by another 16%. A comparison of the electromechanical behavior for these structures will be discussed, showing a route towards increasing electromechanical coupling in PZT MEMS.
Surface Modification for Advanced Light Guide Plate for TFTLCD Display

Techniques for performing uniform and high brightness is very important for TFTLCD display. The backlight module with light guide plate (LGP) is the key to achieve uniform and high brightness. Surface modification on light guide plate (LGP) can enhance the brightness and uniformity of TFTLCD display. A novel design, which integrates the merits of diffraction optics and forming technology, is proposed in this research for the higher brightness of LGP. A light guide plate with diffraction grating has been designed. The light emitting surface has a plurality of diffraction grating units. Each diffraction grating unit has a strong diffraction portion and a weak diffraction portion. They are orthogonal each other. Area ratios of the strong diffractive portions in the diffraction grating units proportionally increase with increasing distance away from the light incident surface. Two LGP designs with diffraction optics have been demonstrated. One is for large size TFTLCD displays with CCFL as the light source. Another one is small size TFTLCD displays with LEDs as the light source. Both designs with diffraction optics on LGP can increase the overall efficiency of utilization of light with high brightness and uniformity.
The prognostic value of the furosemide stress test in predicting delayed graft function following deceased donor kidney transplantation.

Objectives and methods: The Furosemide Stress Test (FST) is a novel dynamic assessment of tubular function that has been shown in preliminary studies to predict patients who will progress to advanc...
The Bidirectional Association Between Depression and Severe Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Events in Type 1 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Severe hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (“severe dysglycemia”) are serious complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Depression has been associated with severe dysglycemia in type 2 diabetes but has not been thoroughly examined specifically in T1D. We evaluated bidirectional associations between depression and severe dysglycemia among older people with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We abstracted depression and severe dysglycemia requiring emergency room visit or hospitalization from medical health records in 3,742 patients with T1D during the study period (1996–2015). Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations between depression and severe dysglycemia in both directions, adjusting for demographics, micro- and macrovascular complications, and HbA1c. RESULTS During the study period, 41% had depression and 376 (11%) and 641 (20%) had hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, respectively. Depression was strongly associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of severe hyperglycemic events (hazard ratio [HR] 2.47 [95% CI 2.00, 3.05]) and 89% increased risk of severe hypoglycemic events (HR 1.89 [95% CI 1.61, 2.22]). The association was strongest within the first 6 months (HRhyperglycemia 7.14 [95% CI 5.29, 9.63]; HRhypoglycemia 5.58 [95% CI 4.46, 6.99]) to 1 year (HRhyperglycemia 5.16 [95% CI 3.88, 6.88]; HRhypoglycemia 4.05 [95% CI 3.26, 5.04]) after depression diagnosis. In models specifying severe dysglycemia as the exposure, hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic events were associated with 143% (HR 2.43 [95% CI 2.03, 2.91]) and 74% (HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.49, 2.05]) increased risk of depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Depression and severe dysglycemia are associated bidirectionally among patients with T1D. Depression greatly increases the risk of severe hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events, particularly in the first 6 months to 1 year after diagnosis, and depression risk increases after severe dysglycemia episodes.
Perceptions of organizational culture and organizational citizenship by faculty in U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy

Abstract Objectives (1) Describe perceptions of organizational culture and prevalence of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) among faculty at United States (U.S.) colleges/schools of pharmacy; (2) determine which aspects of those phenomena are strongest and which are most problematic; (3) evaluate the psychometric properties of measures for organizational culture and OCBs in academic pharmacy; and (4) identify any relationships between organizational culture and organizational citizenship among academic pharmacy faculty. Methods A random sample of 600 U.S. academic pharmacists acquired from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy were distributed an email survey through the use of Qualtrics technology. The procedures closely resembled the Total Design Method advocated to maximize survey response, including use of a pre-notification letter, reminders, and a nominal financial inducement. In addition to demographic questions, the survey employed multiple-item measures of organizational culture and OCBs described previously in the literature and derived from Delphi consensus-building procedures. The analysis plan incorporated use of factor and item analyses to evaluate psychometric properties of the measure and elicit the inherent domains comprising these phenomena, along with descriptive statistics to describe facets of organizational culture and OCBs that were most prevalent. Results A total of 177 responses were delivered. Factor analysis of organizational culture revealed a five-factor solution emphasizing achievement orientation, professionalism, stability, supportiveness, and reflectiveness. OCB domains were along the possibility of faculty being virtuous, disrespectful, sportsmanlike, and benevolent/malevolent. Even while multi-faceted and avoiding a simple typological descriptor, academic pharmacy cultures were reportedly healthy. Sportsmanship, while still somewhat commonly observed, was seen less frequently than other behaviors. The measures demonstrated logical, cogent factor structures and excellent internal consistency reliability. Conclusions Psychometrically well-performing measures were used to assess the multi-faceted organizational culture of academic pharmacy programs and the organizational citizenship behaviors of its constituent faculty. The results can be used to measure these phenomena at individual organizations for benchmarking and to inform future inquiries that can assist with development of strategies that impact academic worklife and outcomes.
Aircraft Measurements of Total Mercury and Monomethyl Mercury in Summertime Marine Stratus Cloudwater from Coastal California, USA

Water samples from marine stratus clouds were collected during 16 aircraft flights above the Pacific Ocean near the Central California coast during the summer of 2016. These samples were analyzed for total mercury (THg), monomethyl mercury (MMHg), and 32 other chemical species in addition to aerosol physical parameters. The mean concentrations of THg and MMHg in the cloudwater samples were 9.2 ± 6.0 ng L–1 (2.3–33.8 ng L–1) (N = 97) and 0.87 ± 0.66 ng L–1 (0.17–2.9 ng L–1) (N = 22), respectively. This corresponds to 9.5% (3–21%) MMHg as a fraction of THg. Low and high nonsea salt calcium ion (nss-Ca2+) concentrations in cloudwater were used to classify flights as “marine” and “continental”, respectively. Mean [MMHg]marine was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than [MMHg]continental consistent with an ocean source of dimethyl Hg (DMHg) to the atmosphere. Mean THg in cloudwater was not significantly different between the two categories, indicating multiple emissions sources. Mean [THg]continental was correlat...
Applications to motion

The concepts and techniques of calculus are indispensable for the description and study of dynamics, the science of motion in space under the action of forces. Both were created by Isaac Newton in the late seventeenth century and they revolutionized both mathematics and physics. In this chapter we describe the basic concepts and laws of the dynamics of point masses and deduce some of their mathematical consequences.
Collecting amino acids in the Enceladus plume

We numerically model the dynamics of the Enceladus plume ice grains and define our nominal plume model as having a particle size distribution n(R) ~ R−q with q = 4 and a total particulate mass rate of 16 kg s−1. This mass rate is based on average plume brightness observed by Cassini across a range of orbital positions. The model predicts sample volumes of ~1600 µg for a 1 m2 collector on a spacecraft making flybys at 20–60 km altitudes above the Enceladus surface. We develop two scenarios to predict the concentration of amino acids in the plume based on these assumed sample volumes. We specifically consider Glycine, Serine, α-Alanine, α-Aminoisobutyric acid and Isovaline. The first ‘abiotic’ model assumes that Enceladus has the composition of a comet and finds abundances between 2 × 10−6 to 0.003 µg for dissolved free amino acids and 2 × 10−5 to 0.3 µg for particulate amino acids. The second ‘biotic’ model assumes that the water of Enceladus's ocean has the same amino acid composition as the deep ocean water on Earth. We compute the expected captured mass of amino acids such as Glycine, Serine, and α-Alanine in the ‘biotic’ model to be between 1 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−5 µg for dissolved free amino acids and dissolved combined amino acids and about 0.0002 µg for particulate amino acids. Both models consider enhancements due to bubble bursting. Expected captured mass of amino acids is calculated for a 1 m2 collector on a spacecraft making flybys with a closest approach of 20 km during mean plume activity for the given nominal particle size distribution.
Biosurfactant Production from Used Vegetable Oil in the Anode Chamber of a Microbial Electrosynthesizing Fuel Cell

In this study, producing biosurfactant from used vegetable oil in the anode chamber of a microbial electrosynthesizing fuel cell (MEFC) with electrical energy production was investigated. Up to 10 mL/L used vegetable oil was used with an acclimated bacterial culture—Serratia sp. in the anode chamber. The biosurfactant production and bacterial growth in the anode chamber was compared to a continuously stirred batch reactor of comparable size. Up to 3.05 g/L of biosurfactant was produced in the anode solution and a reduction of surface tension to 25.2 mN/m was reached after 7 days of the MEFC operation. At the same time, a maximum power density of 1.13 mW/m2 was produced. The MEFC was further characterized using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Mathematical expression was established to model the total impedance of the MEFC. The production of the biosurfactant from the used vegetable oil waste in the anode chamber and also producing electric power makes the MEFC multifunctional.
Insights and Model for Understanding Natural Organic Matter Adsorption onto Mixed Adsorbents.

Adsorption-based processes are commonly used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water sources and thereby mitigate its impacts on other water treatment processes and the quality of the finished water. These processes are complicated by the fact that NOM comprises multiple fractions that can exhibit disparate adsorption behaviors. Prior modeling of NOM adsorption has invariably focused on systems with a single adsorbent, but results presented here demonstrate surprising and counterintuitive behavior in systems containing two or more adsorbents. Specifically, if the sequence of affinities of the different NOM fractions are the same for two adsorbents, then overall adsorption changes monotonically as one adsorbent is gradually replaced by the other. However, if the sequence differs for the two adsorbents, overall adsorption can increase even when the nominally stronger adsorbent is gradually replaced by the weaker one. This work demonstrates and explains such behavior for a particular mixtu...
Development and Evaluation of a Prognostic Calculator for the Surgical Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Abstract Background Preoperative identification of patients at risk of failing surgical treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is imperative to allow medical optimization and targeted prevention. The purpose of this study was to create a preoperative prognostic calculator for PJI treatment by assessing a patient's individual risk for treatment failure based on many preoperative variables. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 1438 PJIs, treated at 2 institutions from 2000 to 2014. Minimum follow-up was 1 year. A total of 63 risk factors, including patient characteristics, microbiology data, and surgical variables were evaluated using logistic regression, in which coefficients were scaled to produce weighted scores. Results The 10 significant risk factors for PJI treatment failure were in descending order of relative weight: irrigation and debridement (30 points), history of myocardial infarction (15 points), revision surgery (11 points), presence of sinus tract (10 points), resistant organisms (9 points), ever smoker (6 points), prior surgery (2.86 points per prior operation), synovial white blood cell count (8.3 × natural log of cell count), body mass index (0.66 per increment), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (depends on both smoking and 2 stage, as these are higher order interaction factors). The area under the curve for this risk model was 0.6904 (95% confidence interval: 0.6476-0.7331). Conclusion In this large cohort study, we were able to identify risk factors and their relative weight for predicting PJI treatment failure. Some of the identified factors are indeed modifiable and should be addressed before treating a patient for PJI.
Applications of Augmented Reality in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review.

ObjectiveAugmented reality (AR) is a rapidly developing technology. The aim of this systematic review was to (1) identify and evaluate applications of AR in otolaryngology and (2) examine trends in...
Antioxidants and Polyphenols Mediate Mitochondrial Mediated Muscle Death Signaling in Sarcopenia

Abstract Sarcopenia is the aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Aging-associated damage occurs to membranes, proteins, and organelles in muscle cells, in part by an elevated production and accumulation of oxidative stresses. Damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria appear to be central to initiating the apoptotic signaling pathway which along with atrogene-induced protein disassembly contributes to atrophy in close proximity to the dysfunctional mitochondria. If dysfunctional mitochondria are not eliminated, the accumulating death signals contribute to full removal of muscle fibers and result in sarcopenia. In young muscles, dysfunctional mitochondria are removed by autophagy and activation of lysosomal systems, but the mitochondrial-autophagy (mitophagy) processes are inhibited with aging. This results in an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondrial, which magnifies the apoptotic signaling in aging. Nutritional interventions attenuate apoptotic and proteolytic signaling pathways in sarcopenic animal models and humans. For example, antioxidant supplements appear to reduce oxidative stress and damage to mitochondria, thereby reducing the initiation of the death signaling pathways. Catechins also reduce apoptotic-signaling proteins and catechins and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate improve recovery from muscle wasting conditions during reloading or exercise after a period of disuse by increasing muscle stem cell (satellite cell) proliferation in aging. In addition, enhanced mitophagic targeting of dysfunctional mitochondria for removal appear possible with some nutrient interventions such as resveratrol. Once targeted mitophagy has been initiated, exercise and nutritional interventions work together to elevate the abundance of other more general autophagy proteins to enhance the nutrient-induced removal of dysfunctional mitochondrial and other damaged proteins. This chapter summarizes signaling that contributes to sarcopenia in aging, and provides evidence that nutritional intervention reduces death signaling and sarcopenic muscle loss in aging populations.
In Vivo Feasibility Study of an Intra-Atrial Blood Pump for Partial Support of the Left Ventricle *

We are designing an intra-atrial pump (IAP) that will be affixed to the atrial septum and support the compromised left ventricle (LV) in patients with early-stage heart failure without harming the ventricular tissue. It will operate in parallel with the LV, drawing blood from the left atrium and unloading the LV. In previous hydraulic and hemodynamic studies, different blade geometries were tested for the IAP, and the hemodynamic results obtained using a mock circulatory loop showed that the IAP can successfully reduce end-diastolic volume and increase the total systemic flow rate. In the current study, we used a bovine model to validate the in vitro hemodynamic results and better understand how the IAP interacts with the cardiovascular system in vivo. Because this was the first study assessing the complete device in a living system, it was also necessary to determine the best manufacturing techniques and ideal sensor placements. In the bovine model, we were able to successfully implant the IAP across the atrial septum with the outflow graft connected to a peripheral artery. The implanted IAP was capable of providing partial support (1-3 L/min) in vivo. These results indicate that atrial cannulation is feasible and creates a beneficial hemodynamic environment.
A Study of Graphical Permutations

A STUDY OF GRAPHICAL PERMUTATIONS by Jessica Thune Dr. Michelle Robinette, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Mathematics University of Nevada, Las Vegas A permutation π on a set of positive integers {a1, a2, ..., an} is said to be graphical if there exists a graph containing exactly ai vertices of degree π(ai) for each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n). It has been shown that for positive integers with a1 < a2 < ... < an, if π(an) = an then the permutation π is graphical if and only if the sum n ￿ i=1 aiπ(ai) is even and an ≤ n−1 ￿ i=1 aiπ(ai). This known result has been proved using a criterion of Fulkerson, Hoffman, and McAndrew which requires the verification of 12n(n + 1) inequalities. In this paper, we use a criterion of Tripathi and Vijay to give a shorter proof of this result, requiring only the verification of n inequalities. We also use this criterion to provide a similar result for permutations π such that π(an−1) = an. We prove that such a permutation is graphical if and only if the sum n ￿ i=1 aiπ(ai) is even and anan−1 ≤ an−1(an−1 − 1) + ￿ i ￿=n−1 aiπ(ai). We also consider permutations such that π(an) = an−1, and then, more generally, those such that π(an) = an−j for some j (1 < j < n). iii
Milk and Milk Products

Milk is the normal secretion of the mammary glands for the feeding of the young of mammals. In the United States, the primary milk in commerce is cow’s milk. The responsibility for insuring the quality of this food product rests primarily with the individual states rather than with the federal government. Consequently, legal definitions of milk are not uniform within the United States. The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) has encouraged the adoption of adequate and uniform state and local control legislation. The following definition from its Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (1965) has been adopted by a majority of the states: “Milk is hereby defined to be the lacteal secretion, practically free from colostrum, obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows, which contains not less than 8 1/4;% milk solidsnot-fat and not less than 3 1/4% milk fat.”
“Water-like” ammonium-based ionic liquids for lipase activation and enzymatic polymerization

Abstract Novel dual-functionalized ammonium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) have been synthesized by mimicking the water structure to carry both ether group (hydrogen-bond acceptor) and tert-alcohol group (hydrogen-bond donor). These ammonium-type ionic solvents exhibit the advantage of lower viscosities (as low as 129 mPa s at 30 °C) than the imidazolium analogue (∼300 mPa s at 30 °C); more importantly, these “water-like” media are highly compatible with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in terms of producing high transesterification activities (1.5-fold higher than that in tert-butanol, and slightly higher than that in diisopropyl ether) and higher thermal stability than that in tert-butanol. To demonstrate the utilization of this new solvent system, enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of e-caprolactone using these “water-like” ILs as co-solvents was carried out to synthesize polyesters, achieving high molecular mass Mw (up to 18,000 Da) and high yields (up to 74 %).
A Hybrid Clustering Model for Analyzing COVID-19 National Prevention and Control Strategy

In order to analyze the relationship between the national epidemic strategy response to COVID-19 and the severity of the current epidemic, this paper firstly collects the national strategic data responds to the COVID-19 epidemic situation and the resulting data of COVID-19 in these nations, then use StandardScaler normalization method to pre-process the data, and use K-Means Clustering, Agglomerative Clustering and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm to perform cluster analysis on the above two types of data, use Silhouette Coefficient index, Calinski Harabasz Score, Davies bouldin score to evaluate the clustering results, and take the clustering results with the best clustering effect to analyze the impact of national epidemic policies on the current epidemic results, finally use cases to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the model, and provide data support and strategic support for the prevention and control of the epidemic similar to COVID-19 in the future.
Cultivating the Assimilative Perspective in Contextual Engineering – Knowing What You Don’t Know

Contextual Engineering methodology affords engineering practitioners a more robust process for identifying socioeconomic and cultural conditions within a client community that could affect adoption and sustainability of a technical infrastructure. This methodology seeks to build an assimilative view of the client through direct interactions, which enable practitioners to assess critical local conditions without filtering their understanding through the lens of their own experiences. Some practitioners assert that direct interaction with a client community is unnecessary to achieve an assimilative view, particularly in an era when information is widely available via the internet, and communication with remote partners is possible using a variety of technologies. But assessments of the perceptions of engineering practitioners engaged in two separate projects in Latin America before and after travel to the client communities demonstrate that their understanding of community conditions were altered dramatically once they interacted with residents and experienced site conditions first hand.
Distinguishing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Author(s): Sundermann, Erin E; Bondi, Mark W; Campbell, Laura M; Gouaux, Ben; Moore, Raeanne C; Soontornniyomkij, Virawudh; Moore, David J | Abstract: BackgroundMemory impairment occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the precursor to Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods are needed to distinguish aMCI-associated from HAND-associated impairment in people with HIV (PWH). We developed a neuropsychological method of identifying aMCI in PWH and tested this by relating AD neuropathology (β-amyloid, phospho-Tau) to aMCI versus HAND classification.MethodsSeventy-four HIV-positive cases (aged 50-68 years) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium had neurocognitive data within 1 year of death and data on β-amyloid and phospho-Tau pathology in frontal brain tissue. High aMCI risk was defined as impairment (l1.0 SD below normative mean) on 2 of 4 delayed recall or recognition outcomes from a verbal and nonverbal memory test (at least 1 recognition impairment required). Differences in β-amyloid and phospho-Tau by aMCI and HAND classification were examined.ResultsHigh aMCI risk was more common in HAND (69.0%) versus no HAND (37.5%) group. β-amyloid pathology was 4.75 times more likely in high versus low aMCI risk group. Phospho-Tau pathology did not differ between aMCI groups. Neither neuropathological feature differed by HAND status.ConclusionsAmnestic mild cognitive impairment criteria that include recognition impairment may help to detect AD-like cognitive/biomarker profiles among PWH.
Consumer Responses to Local and Distant Corporate Social Responsibility Activities

This research aims to examine how consumers react to locally-focused or internationally focused CSR programs of apparel companies. Six scenarios were created to manipulate CSR at two levels across three CSR domains. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the six conditions. The scenario involved shopping for a pair of athletic shoes. College students enrolled in a large public university in the U.S. were invited to participate in this study. Of the 250 collected questionnaires, 205 responses were considered valid and were used in the study. The results of this study showed that for U.S.-based international apparel companies, consumers have more favorable attitudes toward the company and show more positive purchase intentions when the company's CSR activities are conducted in the U.S. This implies that American apparel companies should focus their CSR activities in their home country in order to win American consumers' patronage.
Non-invasive diffuse optical neuromonitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation predicts return of spontaneous circulation.

Neurologic injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following pediatric cardiac arrest. In this study, we assess the feasibility of quantitative, non-invasive, frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) neuromonitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and its predictive utility for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in an established pediatric swine model of cardiac arrest. Cerebral tissue optical properties, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2], [Hb]), oxygen saturation (StO2) and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) were measured by a FD-DOS probe placed on the forehead in 1-month-old swine (8-11 kg; n = 52) during seven minutes of asphyxiation followed by twenty minutes of CPR. ROSC prediction and time-dependent performance of prediction throughout early CPR (< 10 min), were assessed by the weighted Youden index (Jw, w = 0.1) with tenfold cross-validation. FD-DOS CPR data was successfully acquired in 48/52 animals; 37/48 achieved ROSC. Changes in scattering coefficient (785 nm), [HbO2], StO2 and THC from baseline were significantly different in ROSC versus No-ROSC subjects (p < 0.01) after 10 min of CPR. Change in [HbO2] of + 1.3 µmol/L from 1-min of CPR achieved the highest weighted Youden index (0.96) for ROSC prediction. We demonstrate feasibility of quantitative, non-invasive FD-DOS neuromonitoring, and stable, specific, early ROSC prediction from the third minute of CPR.