cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibition enhances response to trastuzumab in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells

C78 The aim of this study was to investigate insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling in HER-2 positive breast cancer and to examine the effects of IGF-IR inhibition on response to trastuzumab. HER-2, phosphorylated HER-2, IGF-IR and phosphorylated IGF-IR protein levels were determined by ELISA. Inhibition of growth of breast cancer cell lines by trastuzumab was measured by cell counting. The effects of IGF-IR inhibition, using both IGF-IR siRNA and an IGF-IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, NVP-AEW541, on proliferation and response to trastuzumab were investigated. Trastuzumab-resistant cells were developed by continuously maintaining SKBR3 and BT474 breast cancer cells in media containing 100 µg/ml trastuzumab. Trastuzumab-resistant cells showed reduced response to trastuzumab compared to parental cells (24.1% versus 42.6% in SKBR3, and 25.4% versus 65.6% in BT474 cells), and resistance was stable when trastuzumab was removed from the growth media for up to 12 weeks. Trastuzumab-resistant cells showed no alteration in HER-2 or phosphorylated HER-2 levels compared to parental cells. However, trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 and BT474 cells have elevated IGF-IR and phosphorylated IGF-IR levels compared to parental cell lines. Knockdown of IGF-IR protein using siRNA inhibited proliferation of parental SKBR3 cells by 18 % and trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 cells by 12 %. Combined treatment with trastuzumab and IGF-IR siRNA resulted in greater inhibition of proliferation, than either treatment alone, in parental SKBR3 cells (ANOVA: p=0.051) and trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 cells (ANOVA: p=0.008). IGF-IR siRNA had little effect on the growth of parental BT474 cells, but decreased growth of trastuzumab-resistant BT474 cells by 21 %. Combined IGF-IR siRNA and trastuzumab treatment also significantly increased inhibition of proliferation, compared to either treatment alone, in both parental BT474 (ANOVA: p=0.002) and trastuzumab-resistant (ANOVA: p=0.013) BT474 cells. Parental and trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 cells were equally sensitive to the small molecule IGF-IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), NVP-AEW541 (1 µM) (32 % inhibition in parental and 36 % inhibition in trastuzumab-resistant cells). Though resistant cells show reduced response to trastuzumab, combined treatment with NVP-AEW541 and trastuzumab was significantly better than either inhibitor alone, in both parental (ANOVA: p= 0.005) and trastuzumab-resistant (ANOVA: p=.002) SKBR3 cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that increased activation of IGF-IR may play a role in acquired resistance to trastuzumab. Reducing IGF-IR protein levels, or blocking IGF-IR tyrosine kinase activity improves response to trastuzumab in both trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant cells. Thus, the combination of anti-IGF-IR therapies, such as NVP-AEW541, with trastuzumab may be beneficial for HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Teaching as Possibility: A Light in Dark Times

Borrowing from a bitter poem by Bertolt Brecht, Hannah Arendt entitled a book of essays, Men in Dark Times.1 The poem, “To Posterity,” she explained, spoke of the horrors taking place in the early days of Nazi rule in Germany and of the absence of outrage. Things were covered up, she wrote, by “highly efficient talk and double talk;” and she stressed how important it always is to have a space in which light can be shed on what is happening and what is being said. Granted, our times may not be marked by the kinds of monstrosities associated with the Nazis; but dark times are no rarity, even in American history. In the darkest moments, she wrote, we still “have the right to expect some illumination … and such illumination may well come less from theories and concepts than from the uncertain, flickering, and often weak light that some men and women, in their lives and their works, will kindle under all circumstances…”2 I view our times as shadowed by violations and erosions taking place around us: the harm being done to children; the eating away of social support systems; the “savage inequalities” in our schools; the spread of violence; the intergroup hatreds; the power of media; the under-mining of arts in the lives of the young. And then I think of the “light that some men and women will kindle under almost all circumstances,” and that makes me ponder (and sometimes wonder at) the work that is and might be done by teachers at this problematic moment in our history.
Fashion, Commercial Culture and the Femme Fatale

Late in the nineteenth century in France, a peculiar combination of circumstances resulted in the visual manifestation of the dangerous woman dubbed the Femme Fatale. Usually associated with the period of the Belle Epoque (1890’s), the Femme Fatale emerged from such symbolist literary sources as Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil.1 An important new subject in symbolist art of the period, the visualization of feminine evil was part and parcel of a much larger cultural context which included a mass-produced consumer culture, continued interest in Japanese paraphernalia, a burgeoning high-fashion industry and changes in the private and public relationships between the sexes. It is through the examination of this larger context that the Femme Fatale can come to be understood as a volatile mixture of fashion and the feminine body; the icon embodies both an advertisement of sensuality and a warning against indulgence in physical pleasure. Perhaps most of all, the figure serves as a visual manifestation of conflicting masculine impulses towards women in general and the then-burgeoning women’s rights movement in particular.
Evaluation of family treatment models for eating disorders

Purpose of reviewInterest in the effectiveness of family interventions for eating disorders has increased over the past 5 years. This review considers the theoretical justification and current evidence base for the use of family treatments for eating disorders in children and adolescents.Recent find
The Organization of Genes in Chromosomes in Some Ciliated Protozoa

Eukaryotic species appear to contain much more DNA in their genomes than can be reasonably accounted for in genetic terms. Mammals, for example, commonly contain DNA sequence complexities of ∿109 base pairs (BP). Assuming about 103 BP are required to code for an average size polypeptide, then such an organism could contain ∿106 genes. This would be at least twenty times more coding capacity than the highest estimates for RNA complexities would require. However, in addition to the amino acid coding capacity many eukaryotic genes have been shown to have one or more transcribed intervening sequences (introns). The gene for ovalbumin, for example, would require only 1,872 nucleotides to code for the structural gene, but the presence of seven intervening sequences expand the “gene” to 7.6 kilobases (KB). The gene for dihydrofolate reductase has been shown to span 42 KB. Thus, at least some of this extra DNA could be accounted for by introns.
A Late Preterm Infant With Head and Neck Masses Noted At Delivery

### Prenatal and Birth Histories ### Presentation On delivery, a significant amount of exposed tissue is noted on the parietal-occipital scalp of the neonate (Fig 1). A significant amount of blood emerges from the tissue, which soaks the blankets in the delivery room. The neonate’s Apgar scores are 4, 5, and 7 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively. The lesion is covered with saline-soaked gauze and wrapped in a bandage roll. The infant is then transported to the referring hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for further management. Figure 1. Initial presentation of bleeding head mass. Figure 2. Initial presentation of small mass on the side of the neck. During the flight transport, the patient …
69 THE EFFECT OF NARINGENIN (GRAPEFRUIT JUICE) AND ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS ON IKr INHIBITION.

Grapefruit juice has been reported to cause significant QT prolongation in healthy volunteers. Naringenin (N), the principal flavonoid in grapefruit juice, has been identified as the most potent HERG channel blocker among several dietary flavonoids. In light of these reports, we thought that combining naringenin with Ikr-inhibiting antiarrhythmic drugs would increase IKr inhibition and possibly pose an increased health risk by increasing repolarization delay and ensuing arrhythmias. In this study, we investigated the effect of N combined with quinidine (Q) on IKr inhibition. The study was performed in an oocyte system with heterogeneously expressed human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) employing two electrodes voltage clamp technique for recording. The experiments were performed at room temperature. Doses of 10 μM and 100 μM N were found to inhibit HERG channel by 15 ± 4 and 40 ± 7%. Q at 1 and 10 μM caused 9 ± 1 and 39 ± 3% inhibition of HERG current. When 10 μM N was combined with 1 μM Q, 9 ± 3% current was blocked. HERG current was blocked by 29 ± 2% when 10 μM N was combined with 10 μM Q. N 100 μM combined with 1 μM Q and N 100 μM combined with 10 μM Q caused 21 ± 2 and 36 ± 2% inhibition in HERG current, respectively. Combining naringenin and quinidine does not show an additive effect but rather a diminution in IKr inhibition. Further studies on the interaction of N with other known IKr channel blockers are indicated.
Abstract B12: GABP selectively binds and activates the mutant TERT promoter across multiple cancer types

Reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression enables cells to overcome replicative senescence and escape apoptosis, fundamental steps in the initiation of human cancer. Multiple cancer types, including up to 83% of glioblastomas (GBM), harbor highly recurrent mutations in the TERT promoter specific to two nucleotide positions. The common mutation sites, G228A and G250A, may create de-novo ETS family transcription factor binding sites, but the precise mechanism of how these mutations confer increased TERT expression has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate the de-novo ETS motif to be critical for mutant TERT activation by site directed mutagenesis. A focused siRNA screen of the many ETS transcription factors expressed in GBM identifies GABPA as the single ETS factor to selectively regulate the mutant but not the wild type TERT promoter. Single molecule binding assays and ChIP-qPCR analysis reveal that GABPA is exclusively recruited to the mutant allele in vitro and in vivo respectively. Furthermore, this allelic recruitment is consistent across four tested cancer types, highlighting a shared mechanism underlying mutant TERT promoter activation. Tandem flanking native ETS motifs critically cooperate with these mutations to activate TERT, likely by facilitating GABP heterotetramer binding. GABP thus directly links TERT promoter mutations to aberrant expression and may provide a novel therapeutic target for multiple cancers. Citation Format: Robert J.A Bell, H. Tomas Rube, Alex Kreig, Andrew Mancini, Shaun F. Fouse, Raman P. Nagarajan, Serah Choi, Chibo Hong, Daniel He, Melike Pekmezci, John K. Wiencke, Margaret R. Wrensch, Susan M. Chang, Kyle M. Walsh, Sua Myong, Jun S. Song, Joseph F. Costello. GABP selectively binds and activates the mutant TERT promoter across multiple cancer types. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
"Urban" Schooling and "Urban" Families: The Role of Context and Place

Conceptualizations of urban context and place in research, practice, and policy are relational, ranging from spatial dimensions to cultural practices of children, families, and communities in metropolitan areas. In this article, we focus on the inherent complexity of these conceptualizations and long-standing debates in education and social science research that label urban as a point of both identity and designation. We position urban context itself as a genre of thinking and imagining; challenges complicated in research, scholarship, and policy; practice and pedagogy; and public will and political rhetoric, influencing educational options and spanning issues from poverty to schooling.
Female Trouble: Representing Transwomen in The Danish Girl and The New Girlfriend

With the last few years’ heralding of trans*1 issues in the wake of Laverne Cox, Caitlyn Jenner, and Transparent (Soloway, 2014–present), it is no surprise that two films spotlighting gender transf...
Computational fluid dynamics simulation study of active power control in wind plants

This paper presents an analysis performed on a wind plant's ability to provide active power control services using a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics-based wind plant simulator. This approach allows examination of the impact on wind turbine wake interactions within a wind plant on performance of the wind plant controller. The paper investigates several control methods for improving performance in waked conditions. One method uses wind plant wake controls, an active field of research in which wind turbine control systems are coordinated to account for their wakes, to improve the overall performance. Results demonstrate the challenge of providing active power control in waked conditions but also the potential methods for improving this performance.
Advances in the Identification of Adulterated Cereals and Cereal Products

Abstract This chapter addresses the most common occurrences of adulteration in cereal grains, the regulations in place by countries (including the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, and the European Union) to control this malpractice, and the methodologies by which detection and quantification of an adulterant are made. Adulteration is considered from the perspective of deliberate human activity rather than from natural occurrences of contamination by mold, insect, or environmental conditions. Specific attention is given to wheat flour or gluten adulterated with melamine or its derivatives, durum wheat semolina or flour adulterated with common wheat flour, Basmati rice adulterated with Basmati-like rice, and, finally, quantification of mixture proportions of waxy and conventional wheat. Attention is also focused on issues arising when the cereal itself is the adulterant, as in the case of gluten-free foods. Genetically modified organism detection or measurement is not addressed. Research of the past decade (2005–2014) is emphasized.
How Is the Linking Process Supported or Inhibited in the Classroom

In this chapter the data from the six classrooms are explored to consider how the linking process is supported or limited in the classroom and what may contribute to the linking. The role of the teacher and what or who constitutes authority of content and processes point to the opportunity for overt links in the classroom. The discussion points to developed culture of the classroom as one that may provide opportunity and experiences to create links and acceptance of shared links. The chapter concludes with examples of varied responses to the student-shared links and also how students may preface their links to be heard.
Reforming Medicaid and Vulnerable People

Medicaid, the federal-state financed program that assists people to gain access to health services when they cannot afford them, has been inthe news of late. Unfortunately the news is disquieting for people who count on this program for health care and rehabilitation services. Change is not always the friend of vulnerable people, and in this instance, it can be downright disruptive when it comes to accessing services. Because they are not well organized, people with Medicaid coverage do not have political clout, even though more people are covered by Medicaid than Medicare (e.g., the public insurance program for almost all people over the age of 65 and some people with disabilities). New Bush administration proposals and ongoing practices could be particularly harsh for people with disabilities.
Contribution of Assisted Reproductive Technology to Overall Births by Maternal Age in the United States, 2012-2014

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) contributes to 1.6% of births in the United States,1 and utilization varies across several dimensions, including patient age.2 Delayed childbearing and age-related fertility declines may be associated with increasing ART use. Also, success rates for patients using their own oocytes decline with increasing maternal age, leading to higher use of donated oocytes by older women.2 The proportion of ART births among US multiple births by maternal age has been reported3; however, to our knowledge, age-specific estimates of the contribution of ART to total US births have not been previously published.
Virtual Special Issue on Humanities and Business Ethics

This collection of articles on Humanities and Business Ethics is the second virtual special issue of the Journal of Business Ethics. It is a curated selection of previously published papers aimed at inspiring future contributions on Humanities and Business Ethics. This new section of the journal explores artifacts that provide timely and timeless insight into the essential culture and values of business. The ten articles in this VSI draw on seven humanities disciplines: anthropology, architecture, art, classics, history, language, and literature. The questions raised by these papers are relevant and timely, but like the humanities, they are also important and timeless. I hope these reflections will inspire you to read each paper for yourself and to imagine your own contribution to the Humanities and Business Ethics section of the Journal of Business Ethics.
Some Aspects of Optical Holography that Might be of Interest for Acoustical Imaging

Some concepts of optical holography might be useful for acoustical imaging. First we compare the current state of these two fields. Then we summarize some data economy procedures such as sampling and quantization, which are important in optical computer holography and probably also for acoustical imaging. Finally we describe some specific holographic tricks that can perhaps be translated into the realm of acoustics.
Dietary Fiber, Bile Acids, and Intestinal Morphology

The rates of occurrence and mortality from colorectal cancer have been positively correlated with total fat intake in several populations (Carroll and Khor, 1975; Correa and Haenszel, 1978; Wynder, 1979). The possible relationships between fat ingestion and the subsequent steps in lipid metabolism have been explored in studies aimed at determining the link between bowel cancer risk, dietary fats, products of fat metabolism, and their appearance in the stool composition.Of the populations with higher incidences of bowel cancer there is also evidence of higher fecal steroids, bile acids, and 7-dehydroxylase activity (Hill et al., 1975, Reddy et al.,1975a) compared to control studies. Subjects with higher levels of fat consumption also demonstrate a high fecal concentration of important lipid metabolites (Reddy et al., 1976).
The Artist and the Ethicist: Character and Process

Artists have unique characteristics and processes for creating their aesthetic. Whether it is painting, poetry or dancing, there is a special way of perceiving and interacting with the world. In contrast to the well-known rational approach to ethical decision-making, this essay suggests that the characteristics and processes of artists are also important for making ethical choices in business. Being present in the moment, having a holistic view of the situation with passion and emotion, habits of practice and the virtue of courage allow for more complete and meaningful ethical decisions.
Determinants of Successful Weight Loss in Low-Income African American Women: A Positive Deviance Analysis.

Objective: We set out to investigate the behaviors of low-income African American women who successfully lost weight. Methods: From an urban, academic, family medicine practice, we used a mixed met...
3D-DRAM Performance for Different OpenMP Scheduling Techniques in Multicore Systems

Advances in memory technologies including 3DDRAM memories (such as High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) systems), wide I/O memory promise very large bandwidths at lower power consumption to address the needs of high-performance computing as well as emerging big data applications. However, in order to fully benefit from such bandwidths, it is necessary to understand how to optimally organize data across channels, ranks, banks or vaults of the memory structures, how to obtain large volumes of data with fewer accesses and how to schedule threads of multi threaded applications to benefit from these memory organizations. In this paper, we will examine different memory organizations that spread data across channels, ranks, and banks and identify application features that benefit from different organizations. Our study applies to generic DDR memory structures as well as 3DDRAMs. We will also evaluate scheduling of OpenMP threads (e.g., using static, dynamic and guided) but with emphasis on how different scheduling methods benefit from different memory organizations. Using the best scheduling for the application, proper memory organization, our experiments show, we can achieve up to 16 percent performance gains depending on workload.
The Role of Platelets in Angiogenesis

Abstract For years, platelets have been regarded as the key regulators of hemostasis and thrombosis, essentially the watchdog of the endothelium. Recently, however, their importance has expanded to include an integral role in angiogenesis and blood vessel stability. Since the 1960s, it has been known that platelets are essential for the formation of blood vessels. Work by Gimbrone and colleagues demonstrated that depletion of platelets from plasma impaired the integrity of the endothelium, leading to hemorrhage. Addition of platelet-replete plasma repaired the endothelium and improved hemostasis. Understanding the importance of the platelet not only in maintaining vascular integrity, but also in augmenting blood vessel growth to improve perfusion, has been of significant interest in establishing the importance of platelets in vascular homeostasis. This chapter outlines the evidence that platelets carry angiogenic factors that regulate angiogenesis, and the importance of the nonhemostatic function of platelets in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
Estrogens Influence Growth, Maturation, and Amyloid β-Peptide Production in Neuroblastoma Cells and in a β-APP Transfected Kidney 293 Cell Line

During development in vivo and in vitro, estrogens: a) increase brain excitability, particularly in limbic structures; b) are responsible for the maturation and cyclicity of limbic-hypothalamic interrelations; c) enhance myelinogenesis; and d) may act with NGF to stimulate neurite formation. In senescence, estrogen administration would improve memory in postmenopausal women. The absence or low levels of estrogens after menopause would increase prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) more in women than men, irrespective of age or ethnicity. In the present study, addition of 17-B estradiol to cultured human neuroblastoma cells affected growth slightly, but stimulated cell maturation as shown by increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The extracellular deposition in brain tissue and around blood vessels of the amyloid s-peptide (As), a 4.3 kD fragment of the larger integral membrane protein, s-amyloid precursor protein (s-APP), is considered an important characteristic of AD. We investigated whether 17-s estradiol may influence the formation of the As (thus the abnormal accumulation of amyloid proteins) in neuroblastoma cells and in a B-APP transfected human kidney 293 cell line. Two doses of 17 s-estradiol were added to the cultures of both cell lines. Cells were grown until confluence, metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine, immunoprecipitated with the rabbit antiserum R1282, gel electrophoresed and autoradiographed in order to compare levels of As under the different estradiol concentrations. While in neuroblastoma cells, levels of As were only slightly reduced after estradiol and a dose-effect relationship with the hormone could not be demonstrated, in the 293 cells, As band intensity decreased as concentration of estradiol increased. These data support the role of estrogen in normal and abnormal brain metabolism and suggest potential hormonal interventions which may reduce or prevent the formation of amyloid deposits that occur in AD.
Using an Error-Correction Code for Fast, Beyond-Birthday-Bound Authentication

In this paper, we describe a new variation of PMAC called PMACX. It generalizes PMAC-with-Parity, a prior work of Yasuda. The most unique feature of PMACX is its parallel MDS (Maximum Distance Separating) matrix multiplication on the input message before the authentication. The scheme is parameterized by a generator matrix for an MDS linear code over \(GF(2^n)\). PMACX supports any reasonable choice of the matrix’s dimension, and this choice of the parameters reflects the trade-off between efficiency and security. For example, if a 14\(\times \)12 matrix is used, PMACX will be about 14 % slower than PMAC, and when \(n=128\), \(q=2^{32}\) and \(\rho =2^{64}\), the best known bound for PMAC, \(O(q^2\rho /2^n)\), gives a meaningless result, while our bound, \(O(q^2/2^n+q\sigma \rho /2^{2n})\) in this case, is still in the reasonable order of \(2^{-64}\). (\(q^2/2^n+q\sigma \rho /2^{2n} \le q^2/2^n+q^2\rho ^2/2^{2n} = 2^{-64} + 2^{-64} = 2^{-63}\))
Residual-based shock capturing in solids

Abstract This paper adapts the concept of residual-based shock-capturing viscosity to the setting of solid mechanics. To evaluate the residual of the momentum balance equation, one requires the divergence of the Cauchy stress. Solid constitutive models used in simulations of extreme events involving shocks typically specify the Cauchy stress in terms of a local rate equation rather than an explicit formula involving the current deformation gradient and/or strain rate; unlike in widely-used models for fluid mechanics, there is usually no closed-form expression for spatial derivatives of the solid Cauchy stress. We therefore investigate the evolution of stress gradients given rate-form models involving various objective rates of Cauchy stress. The rate equations we derive for the stress gradient are then integrated numerically to furnish the stress divergence needed to define the shock viscosity. The properties of this shock viscosity are demonstrated in benchmark problems using Lagrangian isogeometric analysis and an immersed isogeometric–meshfree simulation framework.
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of Monolayer WS2 via Broad-Band Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy

We report on the ultrafast carrier dynamics of monolayer WS2 using broad-band time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). We find that upon photoexcitation, there is an increase in the conductivit...
The Starving Student Narrative: How Normalizing Deprivation Reinforces Basic Need Insecurity in Higher Education:

The starving student narrative is a well-known colloquial idiom to describe student struggle in higher education. This rhetoric masks the reality of basic need insecurity for students and normalize...
Para el texto de «La dama boba»: el parto de la gata como tema burlesco

Este articulo explora el tema del «parto de la gata» que expone la criada Clara en el primer acto de La dama boba de Lope de Vega. En la tradicion critica en torno a esta comedia, el pasaje ha sido estudiado como un tema derivado de la oposicion entre oscuridad y luz. El analisis adopta la perspectiva de los estudios de animales para comprender la escena narrada como un tema autonomo, de cariz burlesco, mas que como una derivacion de la mencionada dualidad. Empieza con una exposicion del gato y su relacion con la mujer y el espacio domestico. Luego, se comenta el marco enunciativo, la funcion comica del tema dentro de la comedia y su proyeccion en el resto de la accion, como parte de la evolucion psicologica de su protagonista, Finea. Por ultimo, se comenta la presencia del mismo tema en La Dorotea y su pervivencia en la literatura espanola moderna.
The Victor Perera Papers: The Archive of a Twentieth Century Sephardic-American Writer

The author shares the circumstances that led to his encounter with the personal archives of Victor Haim Perera (1934–2003), an award-winning Sephardic-American writer, journalist, environmental and political activist, and academic born in Guatemala City. Perera published six books on topics as varied as Sephardic history, the Maya Indians, and the Loch Ness monster, and contributed dozens of articles, short stories, and essays to newspapers, trade journals, magazines, and literary anthologies. This paper also provides an overview of Perera’s life and work and shares information about the Victor Perera Papers collection at the University of Michigan Library. It presents a case study illustrating that library catalogers can improve discoverability of and access to library special collections by expanding beyond their core duties and investigating the contexts behind the materials that cross their desks. The article ends with a preliminary bibliography of Perera’s works.
Improving Patient Prioritization During Hospital-Homecare Transition: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study of a Clinical Decision Support Tool Implementation

Background: Homecare settings across the United States provide care to more than 5 million patients every year. About one in five homecare patients are rehospitalized during the homecare episode, with up to two-thirds of these rehospitalizations occurring within the first 2 weeks of services. Timely allocation of homecare services might prevent a significant portion of these rehospitalizations. The first homecare nursing visit is one of the most critical steps of the homecare episode. This visit includes an assessment of the patient’s capacity for self-care, medication reconciliation, an examination of the home environment, and a discussion regarding whether a caregiver is present. Hence, appropriate timing of the first visit is crucial, especially for patients with urgent health care needs. However, nurses often have limited and inaccurate information about incoming patients, and patient priority decisions vary significantly between nurses. We developed an innovative decision support tool called Priority for the First Nursing Visit Tool (PREVENT) to assist nurses in prioritizing patients in need of immediate first homecare nursing visits. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the PREVENT tool on process and patient outcomes and to examine the reach, adoption, and implementation of PREVENT. Methods: Employing a pre-post design, survival analysis, and logistic regression with propensity score matching analysis, we will test the following hypotheses: compared with not using the tool in the preintervention phase, when homecare clinicians use the PREVENT tool, high-risk patients in the intervention phase will (1) receive more timely first homecare visits and (2) have decreased incidence of rehospitalization and have decreased emergency department use within 60 days. Reach, adoption, and implementation will be assessed using mixed methods including homecare admission staff interviews, think-aloud observations, and analysis of staffing and other relevant data. Results: The study research protocol was approved by the institutional review board in October 2019. PREVENT is currently being integrated into the electronic health records at the participating study sites. Data collection is planned to start in early 2021. Conclusions: Mixed methods will enable us to gain an in-depth understanding of the complex socio-technological aspects of the hospital to homecare transition. The results have the potential to (1) influence the standardization and individualization of nurse decision making through the use of cutting-edge technology and (2) improve patient outcomes in the understudied homecare setting. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04136951; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04136951
A Commentary: Breathing Together Now

It is a challenging and important time to breathe together. A reflection on the timeliness and resonance of the thematic collection "Breathing Late Industrialism."
WERE PROGENITORS OF LOCAL L* GALAXIES Lyα EMITTERS AT HIGH REDSHIFT?

The Ly{alpha} emission has been observed from galaxies over a redshift span z {approx} 0-8.6. However, the evolution of high-redshift Ly{alpha} emitters (LAEs), and the link between these populations and local galaxies, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the Ly{alpha} properties of progenitors of a local L* galaxy by combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations using the new ART{sup 2} code. We find that the main progenitor (the most massive one) of a Milky-Way-like galaxy has a number of Ly{alpha} properties close to those of observed LAEs at z {approx} 2-6, but most of the fainter ones appear to fall below the detection limits of current surveys. The Ly{alpha} photon escape fraction depends sensitively on a number of physical properties of the galaxy, such as mass, star formation rate, and metallicity, as well as galaxy morphology and orientation. Moreover, we find that high-redshift LAEs show blueshifted Ly{alpha} line profiles characteristic of gas inflow, and that the Ly{alpha} emission by excitation cooling increases with redshift, and becomes dominant at z {approx}> 6. Our results suggest that some observed LAEs at z {approx} 2-6 with luminosity of L{sub Ly{alpha}} {approx} 10{sup 42}-10{sup 43} erg s{sup -1} may be similarmore » to the main progenitor of the Milky Way at high redshift, and that they may evolve into present-day L* galaxies.« less
Author Correction: Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans.

Author(s): Wilmanski, Tomasz; Diener, Christian; Rappaport, Noa; Patwardhan, Sushmita; Wiedrick, Jack; Lapidus, Jodi; Earls, John C; Zimmer, Anat; Glusman, Gustavo; Robinson, Max; Yurkovich, James T; Kado, Deborah M; Cauley, Jane A; Zmuda, Joseph; Lane, Nancy E; Magis, Andrew T; Lovejoy, Jennifer C; Hood, Leroy; Gibbons, Sean M; Orwoll, Eric S; Price, Nathan D | Abstract: In the version of this article initially published, NIAMS grant R01AR061445 was not included in the Acknowledgements. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Model of Airport Employee Access Traffic

Previous research on airport access has not focused adequate attention on airport employee traffic considering that airports employ nearly one person per daily enplaned passenger. This paper provides a tool that can be used to estimate employee traffic volumes in specified time intervals as a function of employee work shift characteristics. Inputs to the model include work-shift times, the number of employees per shift, probability distributions for the times at which employees actually arrive at and leave work, and the average number of employees per vehicle. The model is designed for use in conjunction with models of air passenger and visitor traffic. In particular, it can be used to investigate the potential for mutual interference of employee traffic peak and air passenger traffic peaks. A demonstration of the model is presented using data collected at the Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport; model estimates are compared with actual traffic counts of employee vehicles.
Attentional Control Moderates the Relations between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Symptoms.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), perceived attentional control (AC), and poor cognitive control abilities are risk factors for anxiety; however, few studies have examined their interactive effects in relation to anxiety. A more complete understanding of interplay between IU, perceived AC, and cognitive control could inform intervention efforts. The current study examined the direct and interactive effects of IU and AC on anxiety in a sample of 280 community outpatients (M age = 36.01 years, SD = 16.17). Perceived AC was measured using self-report and cognitive control abilities were measured using a Go/No-Go task. Findings indicated a significant IU by perceived AC interaction predicting worry and GAD diagnoses. There was a positive relation between IU and worry/GAD diagnoses that was strongest among those with high perceived AC. Perceived AC was unrelated to cognitive control abilities, and cognitive control abilities did not interact significantly with IU. Cognitive control abilities were related to worry symptoms but not to GAD diagnoses. These results indicate that at high levels of perceived AC, individuals with elevated IU report higher levels of worry, potentially due to the conscious use of worry as an emotion regulation strategy. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Alfalfa yields and quality as influenced by subsurface application of phosphorus, potassium and limestone

Soil acidity is a major growth limiting factor for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production in the United States. Subsurface soil acidity has been shown to limit alfalfa root systems resulting in reduced moisture and nutrient uptake. This research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of subsurface placement (30 cm) of P, K, and dolomitic limestone on alfalfa yield and quality. Subsurface amendments were applied to a Davidson clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Rhodic Paluedult) soil in Dec. 1979. In addition the study received a surface application of dolomite in 1980. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and was seeded to ‘WL 311’ alfalfa in 1982. Limestone, P and K treatments had no effect on yields of alfalfa between 1983 and 1985, however subsurface limestone and P increased yields in 1986 and 1988. Alfalfa quality was increased in 1988 with plowsole lime and P. In 1988 tissue N and total N uptake was higher on subsurface lime-amended plots, however other elements were unaffected by plowsole lime, suggesting N fixation to be a limiting factor for alfalfa growth on acid soils. Soil pH in the 0–15 cm depth averaged 6.9 from 1982–1985 and decreased to 6.5 in 1988. Addition of plowsole lime increased soil pH in the plowlayer from 6.1 to 7.0, however lime had no effect on Al and Mn levels. Calcium and Mg were also increased in the plowlayer from subsurface lime application. This study indicated plowsole lime and P increased yields and quality of alfalfa when the surface soil becomes acidic, however when the surface soil is limed there appears to be no advantage from subsoil amendment of lime, P and K.
Visual Functions of Inferotemporal Cortex

Traditionally, the cerebral cortex on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe was considered part of the “silent” or “association” areas of the brain. The term “association cortex” was first used by Flechsig [63] to describe cortical regions that became myelinated relatively late. He thought that “association” among the senses occurred here. In subsequent decades association cortex became the presumed site of “association of ideas” and then of association or linkage between stimuli and responses in learning.
The metabolic and mitogenic effects of both insulin and insulin-like growth factor are enhanced by transfection of insulin receptors into NIH3T3 fibroblasts

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) have 50% sequence homology and regulate similar cellular functions. Their membrane receptors also share 84% homology in a tyrosine kinase domain essential to transmembrane signaling and may thus share common postreceptor paths. To probe action mechanisms for these related hormones, we examined the receptor and postreceptor overlap of responses stimulated by insulin and IGF-I. NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts have few endogenous insulin receptors and are insensitive to insulin; they have IGF-I receptors and are responsive to IGF-I. Stable transfection of these cells with cDNA for the human insulin receptor yielded a cell line (3T3/HIR) expressing greater than 6 x 10(6) receptors/cell that was highly sensitive and responsive to insulin for stimulation of deoxy[14C]glucose uptake and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The cells also showed increased responses to IGF-I, although the sensitivity was less than that for insulin. The receptor specificity of such responses was examined with a monoclonal antibody MA10 that bound to insulin receptors, but elicited no responses. When 3T3/HIR cells were preincubated with MA10, subsequent insulin- or IGF-I-stimulated deoxy[14C]glucose uptake was markedly inhibited. Likewise, the presence of MA10 caused a 10-fold increase in the concentration of insulin needed to stimulate half-maximal incorporation of [3H]thymidine and also led to diminished IGF-I-stimulated responses. These results showed that the transfected human insulin receptors coupled readily with existing effector pathways in the mouse fibroblasts and mediated metabolic and mitogenic responses to both insulin and IGF-I. Such findings indicate that insulin and IGF-I regulate common cellular functions using both overlapping receptor and postreceptor signaling pathways.
Parallel counter design using four-valued threshold logic

Parallel counters are multiple input circuits that count the number of their inputs that are in a given state. In this paper, the implementation of parallel counters with four-valued threshold logic is described and these implementation are compared to their binary full adder network counter equivalents. Since each signal variable in four-valued logic may assume four logic states, twice the information carrying capacity as in binary logic, an over fifty percent savings in the total number of signal variables required to implement the parallel counter results. With the circuits we describe here, fifty percent fewer transistors and resistors are necessary for the implementation of four-valued logic parallel counters.
Investigation of micromotion in cementless hip arthroplasty using Boolean neural network

The micromotion of the porous-coated femoral prosthesis is one of the important factors that affect the ingrowth of bone tissue on the prosthesis surface in the total hip replacement treatment. In order to facilitate the analysis of such micromotion, the authors developed an algorithm using a Boolean neural network applied to a video image tracking system, yielding inspiring results. >
Contemporary Trends in Immigration to the United States: Gender, Labor-Market Incorporation, and Implications for Family Formation

Este articulo presenta una vision general de las tendencias contemporaneas de inmigracion a los Estados Unidos, y un analisis descriptivo por genero de patrones de la incorporacion economica de los inmigrantes. A partir de los setenta, la inmigracion femenina legal e ilegal a los Estados Unidos ha aumentado ininterrumpidamente, sugiriendo una tendencia hacia un asentamiento mas permanente, comparado con el del pasado. Hoy en dia, mas de la mitad de los inmigrantes a los Estados Unidos son mujeres. Aunque estas mujeres frecuentemente migran por razones similares a aquellas de los hombres (tales como la busqueda de mejores oportunidades economicas o escapar de persecucion o condiciones extremas), sus experiencias de incorporacion al mercado de trabajo y formacion familiar son diferentes a las de los hombres, generando nuevas preguntas para entender el papel del genero en el asentamiento y adaptacion de los inmigrantes.
Crosstalk in ultra-high-speed VLSI interconnects due to substrate-conductivity, temperature, and line-length effects

Effects of substrate-conductivity, temperature, and line-length on crosstalk along ultra-high-speed VLSI interconnects are investigated. Results indicate that the crosstalk does not decrease monotonically with increasing linespacing and also the crosstalk tends to be more oscillatory when the line-length is increased. The crosstalk amplitude is significantly changed when temperature is varied between 265 to 280 Kelvin for 10-50 mm line-length. Furthermore, the crosstalk is eliminated when substrate-conductivity is greater than 0.14 Siemen/meter and temperature is less than 265 K.
Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood

Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in children is a rare disorder characterized by marked diversity both in terms of etiology and outcome. These factors combine to limit the body of data available concerning the impact of therapy on outcome, particularly when considered in a cause-specific fashion. Because of the limited pediatric data, guidelines for management of HCM in adults have been broadly adapted for use in pediatrics. The relevance of these recommendations to the pediatric HCM population remains uncertain but it is clear that there are situations in which considerations unique to the pediatric population need to be taken into consideration. This review describes the general approach to evaluation and treatment with specific discussion of those situations in which pediatric-specific considerations are important, including genetic evaluation, medical and surgical management of symptoms, and interventions intended to prevent sudden death.
Autism Biomarkers: Challenges, Pitfalls and Possibilities

Network perspectives, in their emphasis on components and their interactions, might afford the best approach to the complexities of the ASD realm. Categorical approaches are unlikely to be fruitful as one should not expect to find a single or even predominant underlying cause of autism behavior across individuals. It is possible that the complex, highly interactive, heterogeneous and individualistic nature of the autism realm is intractable in terms of identifying clinically useful biomarker tests. It is hopeful from an emergenic perspective that small corrective changes in a single component of a deleterious network/configuration might have large beneficial consequences on developmental trajectories and in later treatment. It is suggested that the relationship between ASD and intellectual disability might be fundamentally different in single-gene versus nonsyndromic ASD. It is strongly stated that available biomarker “tests” for autism/ASD will do more harm than good. Finally, the serotonin–melatonin-oxidative stress-placental intersection might be an especially fruitful area of biological investigation.
Gastrointestinal medications in pregnancy

Management of the pregnant patient presents unique challenges to the treating physician. Current Food and Drug Administration classifications do not necessarily reflect clinical experience or recent literature. Ideally, one should use the lowest-risk drug possible, with attention to the appropriate level of efficacy for the patient's condition, the stage of pregnancy and dose adjustment. Every treatment decision should be fully discussed with the patient and a multidisciplinary team that should include the obstetrician and, if appropriate, the paediatrician. This review will cover the medications commonly used to treat gastrointestinal disease. The majority of medications can be categorised as 'low risk' or 'should be avoided'. The following medications should never be used during pregnancy due to the clear risk of teratogenicity or adverse events: bismuth, castor oil, sodium bicarbonate, methotrexate, ribavirin, doxycycline, tetracycline, and thalidomide.