cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The transmission of the influenza virus from patient to emergency physician: No flu for you.

Abstract Background Significant morbidity and mortality is attributed to infection with the influenza virus annually and care is often sought in Emergency Departments (ED). The exposure of Emergency Department healthcare personnel and subsequent illness is speculated to be high but has not been quantified. Methods All physicians and mid-level providers in a large tertiary care ED who cared for an Influenza-positive patient were identified and surveyed. Information was gathered regarding each provider's report of an Influenza-like illness during the study period as well as laboratory testing results, sick contacts and subsequent missed work. General descriptive information of Influenza-positive patients was extracted through a retrospective chart review. Results 1020 Influenza-positive patients were cared for by 106 physicians and advanced practice nurses. Patients testing positive for Influenza-A were more likely to be admitted (p = .003). The majority of patients (83%) were cared for by an attending only. Our provider survey response rate was 87%. 1 in 4 providers reported suffering from an Influenza-like illness during the study period and no providers subsequently missed work days. Only 4 (5%) of those providers sought medical care to receive testing. Overall, 2% of ED providers tested positive for Influenza. Conclusions Among Emergency Department providers, transmission of clinically significant Influenza illness was low.
Analysis of climate sensitivity via high-dimensional principal component regression

Uncertainty in the sensitivity of global mean air temperature to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration arises from factors controlling the response of cloud amounts. Here, we present an analysis...
Generation, conservation, and transformation defined

Abstract A primary motivation for this book is the work of Golde and Walker (2006) in Envisioning the Future of Doctoral Education: Preparing Stewards of the Discipline. This chapter extends the work of Golde and Walker by engaging respondents in questions that define stewardship in the context of engineering within academic and industry settings. Interview questions were tailored to engineering, resulting in an in-depth exploration of each stewardship tenet and include the following: (1) Give an example of when you have created new and unique knowledge in your field. (Generation); (2) Give an example of when you have created new and unique knowledge in your field. (Generation); (3) How do you apply knowledge in your field to serve others? (Conservation); and (4) What are the knowledge, skills, norms, attributes, ideas, questions, or perspectives engineering PhDs need to communicate with a variety of audiences? (Transformation). Aspects of stewardship involved engineering PhD holders understanding fundamentals, asking pertinent research questions, and tailoring technical information appropriately to diverse audiences in traditional and nontraditional ways formally and informally.
Role of adolescent-formed, context-drug-associations on reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in rats

Drug use during adolescence results in a lifelong risk to develop substance-use disorders. Adolescent rats are less reactive to cocaine-associated cues compared with adults; however, the contribution of adolescent-formed, context-drug-associations to elicit relapse-like behavior is underexplored. Although it is known that social isolation can impact drug-seeking behavior, the effects of housing conditions on context-induced, cocaine-seeking during adolescence vs adulthood are unknown. The present study compared the effect of adolescent vs adult-formed context-drug associations under different housing conditions (pair vs single) on cocaine-seeking behavior during adolescence or adulthood. This objective was accomplished using operant cocaine self-administration (Coc-SA) under a standard, non-abbreviated (Non-ABRV) or modified abbreviated (ABRV) paradigm. In experiment 1, adolescent and adult rats received Non-ABRV Coc-SA in a distinct context (2 h, 1×/day, 10 days), and extinction training (EXT) in a second context (1 h, 1×/day, 8 days) with reinstatement test (TEST) during adulthood in the cocaine-paired context. In experiments 2 and 3, rats received all behavioral phases during adolescence or adulthood: ABRV Coc-SA (2 h, 2×/day, 5 days), EXT (1 h, 4×/day, 2 days) with TEST in a cocaine-paired or novel, unpaired context. All experiments included pair and single-housing conditions. Age at cocaine exposure did not influence behavior in Non-ABRV or ABRV paradigms. Under Non-ABRV conditions, adolescent and adult single-housed rats had higher seeking behavior than pair housed. These data suggest that social isolation influences context-induced, cocaine-seeking regardless of age at drug exposure and provides a condensed, ABRV paradigm to investigate context-induced, cocaine-seeking behavior during adolescence.
Patient and Visit Characteristics Associated With Use of Direct Scheduling in Primary Care Practices.

Importance Medical practices increasingly allow patients to schedule their own visits through online patient portals, yet little is known about who adopts direct scheduling or how this service is used. Objective To determine patient and visit characteristics associated with direct scheduling, visit patterns, and potential implications for access and continuity in the primary care setting. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used electronic health record (EHR) data from 17 adult primary care practices in a large academic medical center in the Boston, Massachusetts, area. Participants included patients 18 years or older who were attributed in the EHR to an active primary care physician at 1 of the included primary care practices, were enrolled in the patient portal, and had at least 1 visit to 1 of these practices between March 1, 2018, and March 1, 2019, the period of analysis. Data were analyzed from October 25, 2019, to April 14, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Adoption of direct scheduling, defined as at least 1 use during the study period. Usual scheduling was defined as scheduling with clinic staff by telephone or in person. Results We examined 134 225 completed visits by 62 080 patients (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [16.4] years, 37 793 [60.9%] women) attributed to 140 primary care physicians at 17 primary care practices. A total of 5020 patients (8.1% [95% CI, 7.9%-8.3%]) adopted direct scheduling, with an age range of 18 to 95 years. Compared with nonadopters in the same practices, adopters were younger (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] per additional year, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.98-0.99]) and were more likely to be White (AOR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.01-1.17]) and commercially insured (AOR vs uninsured, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.11-1.76]) and to have more comorbidities (AOR per additional comorbidity, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04-1.11]). Compared with usually scheduled visits, directly scheduled visits were more likely to be for general medical examinations (1979 visits [36.7%] vs 26 519 visits [21.9%];P Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that direct scheduling was associated with greater primary care continuity. Early adopters were more likely to be young, White, and commercially insured, and to the extent these differences persist as direct scheduling is used more widely, this service may widen socioeconomic disparities in primary care access.
Genetically encoded multimode reporter of adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) traffic in budding yeast

SYNOPSIS The AP-3 (adaptor complex 3) mediates traffic from the late Golgi or early endosomes to late endosomal compartments. Here, a synthetic reporter is presented that allows convenient monitoring of AP-3 traffic, and direct screening or selection for mutants with defects in the pathway. The reporter can be assayed by fluorescence microscopy or in liquid or agar plate formats and is adaptable to high-throughput screening. SUMMARY AP-3 (adaptor complex 3) mediates traffic from the late Golgi or early endosomes to late endosomal compartments. In mammals, mutations in AP-3 cause Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome type 2, cyclic neutropenias, and a form of epileptic encephalopathy. In budding yeast, AP-3 carries cargo directly from the trans-Golgi to the lysosomal vacuole. Despite the pathway’s importance and its discovery two decades ago, rapid screens and selections for AP-3 mutants have not been available. We now report GNSI, a synthetic, genetically encoded reporter that allows rapid plate-based assessment of AP-3 functional deficiency, using either chromogenic or growth phenotype readouts. This system identifies defects in both the formation and consumption of AP-3 carrier vesicles and is adaptable to high-throughput screening or selection in both plate array and liquid batch culture formats. Episomal and integrating plasmids encoding GNSI have been submitted to the Addgene repository.
Cost Drivers for a Tokamak-Based Compact Pilot Plant

A comprehensive systems code that includes a range of physics and engineering considerations along with a simplified costing model has been utilized to evaluate the primary cost drivers for a compa...
Past performance contaminates the ADAPTS measurement

Theory suggests that adaptive selling behaviors improve sales performance. While this causation appears to be supported using the ADAPTS measurement scale, an alternative explanation is that percep...
Multipath Mitigation via Synthetic Aperture Beamforming for Indoor and Deep Urban Navigation

A synthetic aperture navigation (SAN) system that exploits downlink cellular long-term evolution (LTE) signals and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is developed. The system is suitable for multipath-rich environments, such as indoors and deep urban canyons. The proposed SAN system mitigates multipath via a spatial discriminator, which utilizes the motion of a single antenna element to synthesize a geometrically separated antenna array from time-separated snapshots, alleviating the need for a physical antenna array. Signals from the synthesized antenna array are used to beamform towards the line-of-sight (LOS) LTE direction, while suppressing multipath components. Different stages of the beamforming process are discussed, and the computational complexity of the proposed system is analyzed. To deal with the unknown clock biases of the LTE eNodeBs, two navigation frameworks are developed: (1) base/rover and (2) standalone rover. The proposed SAN system is validated experimentally, and the navigation solutions achieved from the following systems are compared: (i) IMU only, (ii) LTE only, (iii) feedforward LTE-SAN, (iv) feedback LTE-SAN, (v) LTE-IMU, and (vi) feedback LTE-SAN-IMU. In the performed experiment, a pedestrian-mounted receiver navigated indoors for 109 m in 50 seconds, while receiving LTE signals from 5 LTE eNodeBs. The proposed LTE-SAN-IMU system exhibited a two-dimensional position root mean-squared error (RMSE) of 1.44 m with a standard deviation of 1.85 m.
Perioperative Medical Co-management of Patients with Geriatric Hip Fractures

Hip fractures have devastating consequences, particularly in elderly patients, and can be associated with a poor outcome. Excellent and comprehensive medical management is critical during the perioperative period following hip fracture in elderly patients, as three in four hip fracture-associated deaths may be related to preexisting medical conditions, rather than the fracture itself. This chapter is written by a general internist and hospitalist and is intended for a primary audience of orthopaedic surgeons, who aim to understand the fundamentals of medical management of geriatric hip fracture. Since hip fracture repair is recommended within 48 hours for a mortality benefit, most testing should not delay the operation. Understanding, anticipating, and delivering evidence-based postoperative medical care in the geriatric patient are critical to maximize patient recovery and minimize complications, particularly delirium and fluid overload. While closer cooperation between specialties would appear to be an intuitive solution to improving care, the evidence that multi-disciplinary co-management teams improve the treatment of hip fracture patients has been inconsistent.
Evaluation of an Online Training for Supervisors of Young Agricultural Workers.

Adolescents and young adults (<25 years) working in agriculture are at greater risk of injury than youth working in other industries. Supervisors play an important role in protecting these young workers who lack workplace experience and whose bodies and brains are still developing. A theoretically based approach was used to develop an online training for supervisors of young agricultural workers. The training addresses an expanded view of occupational safety that not only addresses injury prevention, but also focuses on health promotion and worker well-being using a Total Worker Health approach. A pre-post/post study design was used to evaluate the training. Questionnaires included demographics, workplace characteristics, knowledge, beliefs about protecting young workers, and supervisors’ communication behaviors. One-hundred-eighty-two participants completed all parts of the efficacy trial. A post-test administered immediately after completing the training, indicated that supervisors had greater understanding of the risks to young workers and at 3-month follow-up were more likely to engage in communication behaviors to protect the safety and health of young workers. Positive changes in when, how, and under what circumstances supervisors talk about safety and health occurred. Establishing patterns of protective behaviors in the workplace can have lifelong impact, particularly among young workers.
The role of treatment acceptability, effectiveness, and understanding in treatment fidelity: Predicting implementation variation in a middle school science program

Abstract Evaluating a school-based program is a particular challenge when teachers implementing the program. Variations in implementation can be difficult to measure and predict. We developed measures to explore variation in treatment implementation and serve as predictors of variation in a school-based science education program. Based on previous work, we focused on assessing treatment acceptability, effectiveness, and understanding among teachers as critical determinants of variations in program implementation using self-reported and objective measures of implementation. All three constructs were associated with implementation of the program. Our measures of these constructs show promise for use in formative and summative evaluations. Our stratification of program elements with implementation predictors can provide a template for future exploration of treatment fidelity.
Fatigue Damage Behavior of Glass/Epoxy Composites Using Carbon Nanotubes as Sensors

Carbon nanotubes have been used as sensors in glass fiber/epoxy laminates for monitoring damage under fatigue loading conditions. Carbon nanotubes are embedded in epoxy resin. The modified resin is infused into glass fibers to make composites. Silver paste electrodes are deposited on the surface of the laminate. Changes in electrical resistance along the plane and through thickness of the laminate are measured. The changes in resistance are compared with the strain changes measured by strain gages. It is found that the changes in electrical resistance are more sensitive to the degradation in the composite laminate as compared to strain gauges. This technique may be used to provide in-situ monitoring of damages in composites.
Ethanol rapidly inhibits IL-6-activated STAT3 and C/EBP mRNA expression in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.

The ability of ethanol to inhibit regenerative processes in the liver is thought to play a key role in the development of alcoholic liver disease. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of ethanol on the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator transcription factor (JAK-STAT) signaling pathways in hepatocytes. Treatment of freshly isolated adult rat hepatocytes with 10–100 mM ethanol rapidly (<3 min) inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 activation, tyrosine and serine phosphorylation and IL-6-induced CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α and β mRNA expression. Western analyses, in vitro kinase assays and in vivo cell labelling assays indicate that this inhibitory effect is not due to blocking the upstream-located JAK1, JAK2 or Tyk2 activation. On the contrary, acute ethanol exposure significantly potentiates IL-6-induced JAK1 autophosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with sodium vanadate, a non-selective tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, or with MG132 and lactacystin, proteasome inhibitors, does not abolish the ethanol inhibition of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation, suggesting that activation of protein tyrosine phosphatases or the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is not involved. In view of the critical role of IL-6 signaling in liver regeneration, these findings suggest that the ability of biologically relevant concentrations of ethanol to markedly inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation is one of the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver diseases.
Speaker clustered regression-class trees for MLLR adaptation.

A speaker clustering algorithm is presented that is based on an eigenspace representation of Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) transformations and is used for training cluster-dependent regression-class trees for MLLR adaptation. It is shown that significant automatic speech recognition (ASR) system performance gains are possible by choosing the best regression-class tree structure for individual speakers. To take advantage of the potential gains, an algorithm for combining the MLLR mean transformations from cluster-specific trees is described that effectively results in a soft regression-class tree. In conversational speech recognition, only small overall improvements are obtained, but the number of speakers that have performance degradation due to adaptation is reduced by over 70%.
Self‐Report Inventories

Self-report inventories (SRIs) have been a mainstay of assessment psychology for more than eight decades. They are used frequently in a broad range of settings and applications (e.g., mental health diagnosis and treatment planning, medical settings, substance abuse treatment facilities, psycholegal evaluations, and screening of candidates for public safety positions). SRIs typically require test takers to respond to a series of statements (items) by indicating whether, or to what extent, the item describes some aspect of their functioning. The response format varies from a dichotomous true or false to a Likert scale indication of degree of agreement with the statement as a self-description. Some SRIs focus primarily on abnormal functioning or psychopathology, whereas others concentrate more on the normal personality range. Still others cover both normal and abnormal aspects of personality and psychopathology. Keywords: instrument validity; items; protocol validity; reliability; standard scores
Storm intensity and old-growth forest disturbances in the Amazon region

[1] We analyzed the pattern of large forest disturbances or blow-downs apparently caused by severe storms in a mostly unmanaged portion of the Brazilian Amazon using 27 Landsat images and daily precipitation estimates from NOAA satellite data. For each Landsat a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) was applied. Based on SMA, we detected and mapped 279 patches (from 5 ha to 2,223 ha) characteristic of blow-downs. A total of 21,931 ha of forest were disturbed. We found a strong correlation between occurrence of blow-downs and frequency of heavy rainfall (Spearman's rank, r2 = 0.84, p < 0.0003). The recurrence intervals of large disturbances were estimated to be 90,000 yr for the eastern Amazon and 27,000 yr for the western Amazon. This suggests that weather patterns affect the frequency of large forest disturbances that may produce different rates of forest turnover in the eastern and western Amazon basin.
An Examination of the Peer Review Process in Accounting

An anonymous survey of university accounting faculty was conducted to assess current perceptions of the peer review process in accounting journals. The responses revealed that (a) most respondents are fairly positive about the peer review process, especially the process being fair/unbiased and improving the quality of research; (b) the most serious perceived threats to review process integrity involve reviewer misconduct (e.g., delaying reviews for self-interest or rejecting papers for revenge); (c) editors allowing excessive delays in the process and institutional favoritism by editors are seen as the most prevalent issues; (d) editors/associate editors of high-level or top-tier journals are most positive about the review process, while assistant professors, those at doctoral-granting institutions, and those submitting to top-tier journals are least positive; and (e) respondents’ suggestions for improving the review process emphasize improving timeliness, reducing favoritism, and reconsidering the notion of blind reviews (some consider blind reviews to be impossible, but others want to ensure that reviews are blind). Based on the results and other sources, we offer a proposed starting point for a peer review code of conduct for accounting journals.
Crash-O-Phobia: A Domestic Fear or a Worldwide Concern?

From a large options data set on major equity indexes across the world, the authors find that worldwide, implied volatilities of options on equity indexes exhibit strikingly similar behaviors. When plotted against moneyness, implied volatilities show a heavily skewed smirk pattern, implying that out–of–the–money put options are more expensive than the corresponding out–of–the–money call options and that the risk–neutral return distribution for these indexes is heavily negatively skewed. Furthermore, as the option maturity increases from one month to five years, the implied volatility smirk does not flatten out but steepens, indicating that the risk–neutral distribution of equity index returns becomes even more negatively skewed at longer horizons. The average term structure of the implied volatility level is relatively flat, and the standard deviation of the implied volatility declines as maturity increases. Although fairly persistent, the implied volatility series are stationary. Finally, principal component analysis reveals that equity index volatility movements across the world share one global component.
A soft-switched constant-frequency square-wave half-bridge DC-DC converter

A constant-frequency zero-voltage-switched square-wave DC-DC converter is introduced, and results from experimental half-bridge implementations are presented. A saturable magnetic element produces the advantageous square waveforms and provides isolated terminals from which the output voltage can be controlled. Semiconductor stresses and losses are minimized both by the square waveforms and by low switching losses. The active switches and the output rectifiers both exhibit zero-voltage switching. The active switches (MOSFETs) are operated at a fixed frequency with 50% duty cycle, which allows the use of a simple self-oscillating gate drive. An experimental implementation achieves over 80% efficiency at approximately 70 W/in/sup 3/. >
Ecosystem CO2/H2O fluxes are explained by hydraulically limited gas exchange during tree mortality from spruce bark beetles

Disturbances are increasing globally due to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate. This study determines whether a disturbance that affects the physiology of individual trees can be used to predict the response of the ecosystem by weighing two competing hypothesis at annual time scales: (a) changes in ecosystem fluxes are proportional to observable patterns of mortality or (b) to explain ecosystem fluxes the physiology of dying trees must also be incorporated. We evaluate these hypotheses by analyzing 6 years of eddy covariance flux data collected throughout the progression of a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) epidemic in a Wyoming Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii)–subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) forest and testing for changes in canopy conductance (gc), evapotranspiration (ET), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2. We predict from these hypotheses that (a) gc, ET, and NEE all diminish (decrease in absolute magnitude) as trees die or (b) that (1) gc and ET decline as trees are attacked (hydraulic failure from beetle-associated blue-stain fungi) and (2) NEE diminishes both as trees are attacked (restricted gas exchange) and when they die. Ecosystem fluxes declined as the outbreak progressed and the epidemic was best described as two phases: (I) hydraulic failure caused restricted gc, ET (28 ± 4% decline, Bayesian posterior mean ± standard deviation), and gas exchange (NEE diminished 13 ± 6%) and (II) trees died (NEE diminished 51 ± 3% with minimal further change in ET to 36 ± 4%). These results support hypothesis b and suggest that model predictions of ecosystem fluxes following massive disturbances must be modified to account for changes in tree physiological controls and not simply observed mortality.
ULTIMATE ATTAINMENT IN L2 PHONOLOGY: The Critical Factors of Age, Motivation, and Instruction

Within both first and second language acquisition research, a critical or sensitive period for complete attainment has largely been substantiated in phonological studies, although it is questionable whether age should be examined in isolation from sociopsychological influences and the extent of exposure to the second language. This study sets out to challenge the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) by examining phonological performance among highly motivated subjects who use German daily as graduate student instructors and who have been immersed in the language through in-country residence, augmented by years of instruction in both language- and content-based courses. The methodology developed seeks to expand the realm of factors that are potentially conflated with age, such as instruction, motivation, suprasegmental training, and self-perception of productive accuracy, and other factors that have not been addressed in previous studies on ultimate attainment. Production tasks target sounds difficult for nonnative speakers (NNSs) according to contrastive analysis, and task types range in complexity from isolated words to sentences, paragraphs, and free speech. A mean rating was computed for each speaker, including native speaker controls, according to native speaker judgments. When averaged across all tasks, nonnative speaker performance did not overlap with native performance. However, several variables correlated significantly with outcome, including suprasegmental training, which indicated performance closer to native level.
SOME METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SYSTEMATIC CATEGORIZATION OF BEHAVIOR

Summary.-An analysis of some methodological aspects of behavior categorization was presented. Different systems of categorization were described and the problems o€ estimating validity and reliability of coding were discussed. There are several alternative research methods that can be used in socialpsychological studies. McGrath (1964) has compared field studies, laboratory experiments, experimental simulations and computer simulations, as they apply to the study of organizational phenomena in terms of their comprehensiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness. Although McGrath seems to suggest that "it might be argued that experimental simulations provide for the most effective setting since they offer an optimal balance of scope and efficiency" (p. 553), he also admits that this is a highly debatable proposition. There is no doubt, however, that regardless of the preferences of the investigator for one method or another, "ultimately, effectiveness depends in a large measure on the specific research procedures which we use in a given case and the rigor with which we apply them" (McGrath, 1964, p. 554).
Relation between aggression exposure in adolescence and adult posttraumatic stress symptoms: Moderating role of the parasympathetic nervous system

The present study examines the impact of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), as measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), on the link between family aggression experienced during adolescence and posttraumatic stress symptoms during young adulthood. Participants completed retrospective self-report measures of interparental aggression and harsh parenting exposure during adolescence and measures of current posttraumatic stress symptoms. RSA indexed PNS activity. Among females, the three-way interaction between harsh parenting, interparental aggression, and resting RSA was significant in accounting for young adulthood PTSD symptoms. At higher values of resting RSA and higher levels of interparental aggression exposure, harsh parenting experienced during adolescence was positively associated with adulthood PTSD symptoms. Among males, adolescent aggression exposure and resting RSA did not significantly account for variation in adulthood PTSD symptoms. Thus, this study suggests that resting PNS activity may play an important role in the relationship between stressors during adolescence and later PTSD in females.
Dosimetry models for radioimmunotherapy.

Tumor therapy using radiolabeled antibodies presents a challenging problem in absorbed dose determination. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of tumor size on the absorbed dose distribution from beta-emitters when the radiolabeled antibody is not uniformly distributed throughout the tumor. Two theoretical dosimetry models are constructed, one for nonvascularized micrometastases and the other for vascularized tumors. All calculations assume no penetration of radionuclide into the tumor. These are compared to an even distribution of radionuclide throughout the tumor. In micrometastases of 1-mm diameter or less, emitters of low energy such as /sup 131/I give higher dose rates than emitters of higher energy because less energy is lost outside the target volume. However, even with /sup 131/I, a significant proportion of the energy is not absorbed in the tumor and, as a result, the concentration of radionuclide necessary for a therapeutic radiation dose becomes higher as the tumor diameter gets smaller. Because it may be impossible to achieve these concentrations in very small tumors (<0.5-mm diameter), alpha-emitters may be useful in combination with beta-emitters for therapy of micrometastatic disease. In vascularized tumors, higher energy emitters such as /sup 90/Y yield higher doses because of overlapping dose distributionsmore » from multiple vascular sources. This also produces a more even dose distribution across a tumor, even when there is poor penetration of the radiolabeled antibody. Thus tumor size, antibody penetration, and tumor vascularity all influence the choice of radionuclide and, depending on the circumstances, alpha-emitters, low-energy beta-emitters, high-energy beta-emitters, or some combination of the three may be most efficacious.« less
Evidence for conservatism in LHC SUSY searches

The standard in the high-energy physics community for claiming discovery of new physics is a 5σ excess in the observed signal over the estimated background. While a 3σ excess is not enough to claim discovery, it is certainly enough to pique the interest of both experimentalists and theorists. However, with a large number of searches performed by both the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the LHC, one expects a nonzero number of multi-σ results simply due to statistical fluctuations in the no-signal scenario. Our analysis examines the distribution of p-values for CMS and ATLAS supersymmetry (SUSY) searches using the full 2011 data set to determine if the collaborations are being overly conservative in their analyses. We find that there is a statistically significant difference between the expected and observed distributions of p-values and suggest that the most probable cause is overconservatism in the estimation of uncertainties.
Progressive apraxia of speech as a sign of motor neuron disease.

Purpose To document and describe in detail the occurrence of apraxia of speech (AOS) in a group of individuals with a diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND). Method Seven individuals with MND and ...
Contribution of electric field (Δψ) to steady-state transthylakoid proton motive force (pmf) in vitro and in vivo. Control of pmf parsing into Δψ and ΔpH by ionic strength

The observed levels of Delta G(ATP) in chloroplasts, as well as the activation behavior of the CF(1)CF(0)-ATP synthase, suggest a minimum transthylakoid proton motive force (pmf) equivalent to a Delta pH of approximately 2.5 units. If, as is commonly believed, all transthylakoid pmf is stored as Delta pH, this would indicate a lumen pH of less than approximately 5. In contrast, we have presented evidence that the pH of the thylakoid lumen does not drop below pH approximately 5.8 [Kramer, D. M., Sacksteder, C. A., and Cruz, J. A. (1999) Photosynth. Res. 60, 151-163], leading us to propose that Delta psi can contribute to steady-state pmf. In this work, it is demonstrated, through assays on isolated thylakoids and computer simulations, that thylakoids can store a substantial fraction of pmf as Delta psi, provided that the activities of ions permeable to the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast stromal compartment are relatively low and the buffering capacity (beta) for protons of the lumen is relatively high. Measurements of the light-induced electrochromic shift (ECS) confirm the ionic strength behavior of steady-state Delta psi in isolated, partially uncoupled thylakoids. Measurements of the ECS in intact plants illuminated for 65 s were consistent with low concentrations of permeable ions and approximately 50% storage of pmf as Delta psi. We propose that the plant cell, possibly at the level of the inner chloroplast envelope, can control the parsing of pmf into Delta psi and Delta pH by regulating the ionic strength and balance of the chloroplast. In addition, this work demonstrates that, under certain conditions, the kinetics of the light-induced ECS can be used to estimate the fractions of pmf stored as Delta psi and Delta pH both in vitro and in vivo.
Experimental study of the transition from the slab to the toroidal branch of the ion temperature gradient mode.

The transition from the slab to the toroidal branch of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode was studied by first exciting the slab (ITG) mode and gradually raising the magnetic curvature in the Columbia Linear Machine. Modest levels of magnetic curvature destablized and reduced the real frequency of the mode in accordance with the prediction from a simple theory. However, with further increase in mirror ratio and trapped particles, the observed mode amplitude decreased and the parallel wavelength greatly increased. This may be a hybrid ITG dissipative trapped electron mode.
Thematic Maps Improve Memory for Facts and Inferences: A Test of the Stimulus Order Hypothesis

Abstract Undergraduates studied a thematic map of colonial Ceylon and read an expository text containing facts related to, or not related to, the map theme. Stimulus order (map-text vs. text-map) was varied between subjects, and half of the learners in each stimulus order group received a verbal prime related to the map theme. Subjects in the map-first condition recalled more theme-related and unrelated text facts and made more correct inferences involving the theme displayed on the map. Verbal priming had no effect on memory for theme-related facts or inferences, but reduced recall of unrelated facts. These results were interpreted within the dual coding framework, where maps are encoded as structurally coherent images. Such images are computationally efficient and can be used to retrieve associated text facts and to make the comparative judgments required for inferencing.
Comparison of laboratory and pilot-plant corn wet milling procedures

ABSTRACT One waxy and three regular yellow dent corn hybrids were wet milled by using two scales of laboratory procedures (modified 100-g and 1-kg) and a pilot-plant procedure (10-kg). The modified 100-g and 1-kg laboratory procedures gave similar yields of wet-milling fractions. Starch yields and recoveries were significantly lower for the pilot-plant procedure, whereas gluten and fiber yields were greater because of their high contents of unrecovered starch. Protein contents of the starches obtained by all three procedures were within commercially acceptable limits (<0.50% db for normal dent corn and <0.30% for waxy corn). Rankings for starch yields and starch recoveries for the four hybrids, having very different physical and compositional properties, were the same for all three procedures. The harder the grain, the lower the yield and recovery of starch. Least significant differences (P < 0.05) for starch yield were 0.8% for the modified 100-g procedure, 1.2% for the 1-kg procedure, and 2.0% for the p...
Historical and clinical perspectives of the expanded disability status scale.

Background: The measurement of neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is of importance in treatment trials and course of illness. Methods: This review d
Data mining within digital images

Previous papers have studied the relationship between a bit map digital image and a given object, called the search object. In particular, to signal that it is likely, or not likely, that the search object appears, at least partially, in the image. Edges in the search object and in the digital image are then represented as objects, in the object oriented programming sense. Each edge or segment of an edge is represented as a normalized Bezier cubic parameterized curve. The normalization process is intended to remove the effect of size in the edge or edge segment. If the edges match and their orientation is the same, then the system signals that the object is likely to appear in the image and the coordinates in the image of the object are returned. The functioning of the algorithm is not dependent on scaling, rotation, translation, or shading of the image. To begin the data mining process, a collection of search objects is generated. A database is constructed using a number of images and storing information concerning the combination of search objects that appear in each image, time and space relationships between the various search objects, along with identifying information about the image. This database would then be subjected to traditional data mining techniques in order to generate useful relationships within the data. These relationships could then be used to advantage in supplying information for defense, corporate, or law enforcement intelligence.
Optical measurements reveal base-pairing in T4-specific mRNAs.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that 60–70% of the nucleotides in rRNA, tRNA and the RNA of the RNA bacteriophages are involved in base pairing. To determine whether this is also true of mRNAs coded from double-stranded DNA, T4-specific mRNAs were purified using two different techniques: hybridization to T4 DNA or chromatography on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose columns followed by sucrose gradients. We have determined the optical melting curves of the purified mRNAs. The hypochromicities calculated from these melting curves were similar to those of rRNA, indicating comparable amounts of base pairing in rRNA and T4-specific mRNA. If this hypochromicity were due to random base pairing, we would have expected a less sharp melting curve and a lower T m than for the rRNA controls. On the contrary, the mRNA samples had very high cooperativities and T m values.
High-interrupting-capacity low-voltage power fuses

CARTRIDGE FUSES are used principally on a-c circuits, but they do not have interrupting ratings other than may be implied by their having met the 10,000-ampere d-c short-circuit test which forms part of the “Standard for Fuses.”1 The growth and interconnection of many industrial and shipboard circuits, in which fault currents may be considerably greater than 10,000 amperes, has created a demand for fuses with proved adequate interrupting capacity.
Treg in type 1 diabetes.

At the time of this writing, a major void exists; the lack of a method to prevent and/or reverse type 1 diabetes in humans. We believe this void to a large extent is the result of our lack in understanding the mechanisms of autoimmunity that underlie β cell destruction, a failure to understand the immunologic factors that contribute to type 1 diabetes, and the absence of immunologic tools which would allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease development and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Due to this, an intense degree of research interest has recently been generated to understand the mechanisms that regulate the immune response and form a state of immunological tolerance. While some progress has been made towards these goals, additional investigations are needed to address the aforementioned knowledge voids including the role for regulatory T cells (Treg), defined by their co-expression of CD4 and CD25 as well as the transcription factor FOXP3, in the pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes. We and others have recently reported findings related to the frequency and function of Treg cells in type 1 diabetes, yet the resulting literature represents a somewhat conflicting body of findings. Our studies did not support the notion that altered Treg frequencies are associated with type 1 diabetes, but rather did identify alterations in the functional (i.e., suppressive) activities of these cells in subjects with the disease. The need to bring resolution to the aforementioned published discrepancies in frequency and function of Treg in type 1 diabetes represents the impetus for this critical review. In addition, we hope to highlight the need for expanded studies that address specific knowledge gaps regarding the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) related to the frequency and function of Treg.
Merging claims databases with a tumor registry to evaluate variations in cancer mortality: results from a pilot study of 698 colorectal cancer patients treated at one hospital in the 1990s.

Background: Prognostic models are essential for evaluating variations in cancer mortality statistics. While cancer stage is the most widely accepted and commonly used predictor of survival for cancer, electronic claims databases contain large amounts of information on cancer patients. Previous studies have used Medicare databases and tumor registry information from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data sets to evaluate variations in outcomes for older cancer patients. We evaluated if similar analytic efforts could be carried out with readily available data sets for colorectal cancer patients of all ages who received care at a single hospital during the 1990s. Methods: Hospital tumor registry and discharge claims data for patients at one mid-western hospital with surgically treated stage I–III colorectal cancer from 1990–1998 were used to model survival. Kaplan–Meier logrank tests and Cox proportional hazards models tested the statistical significance of demographic, operative, and clinicopath...
Characteristic radiative decay lifetimes and symmetry distribution in KCl:Sm2+

Abstract Sm 2+ ions enter the KCl lattice in a distribution of site symmetries each of which is prescribed by the nature and relative position of the compensation defect. This site distribution is manifested in a corresponding distribution in characteristic radiative decay lifetimes measured from 4.2°K narrow line fluorescence transitions originating from the 5 D 0 level in several symmetry types of Sm 2+ .
Factors for Consideration in Selecting Outcome Measures in Mental Health Services

There is an increasing emphasis on measuring treatment outcomes in Australian public mental health services [1]. Several standardised outcome measures have been suggested for application in mental health settings [2]. However, the diverse range of treatment services (eg crisis assessment teams, assertive care teams, case management services, inpatient services) and local variations means that individual service components may have distinct functional objectives that require specific assessment and outcome measurements.
An empirical model of the interrelationship of electron temperature and density in the daytime thermosphere at solar minimum

The AE-C satellite measurements of electron temperature and ion concentration are used to construct a model of the relationship between these parameters and its variation with altitude in the daytime, nonauroral ionosphere. The major features of the model are that electron temperature is independent of ion concentration at altitudes below 200 km and that electron temperature varies inversely with ion concentration above perhaps 250 km. This behavior is qualitatively consistent with current theoretical models of ionospheric heating and cooling.
Opportunities and challenges in applying the Genuine Progress Indicator/Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare at local scales

The closely related Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) and Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) provide monetised estimates of societal well-being based on economic, social and environmental criteria. Although the first ISEW/GPI estimates were completed at the national scale, there has been recent interest in applying GPI locally and regionally. Similar to national policy decisions, local fiscal, environmental and land use choices can strongly influence well-being. Local GPI estimates present several challenges, including data quality and availability, interpretation of certain components and appropriate application of results. We present a case study from seven counties in northern Vermont, USA from 1950 to 2000. This case study facilitates comparison between county, state and national GPI, and across a small urban?rural gradient. The case study illustrates both the difficulties and value of applying GPI/ISEW at local scales. We find that for recent years in an industrialised nation, it is possible to construct robust GPI estimates that allow comparisons of well-being across regions.
Les radios libres, utopie ‘deleuzoguattarienne’

A la fin des annEes 70 et au dEbut des annEes 80 en France, le mouvement des radios libres trouve en FElix Guattari et Gilles Deleuze de prEcieux alliEs. Si les deux hommes dEfendent avec tant d’ardeur ces stations locales Emettant illEgalement sur la bande FM, c’est parce que celles-ci mettent en pratique, dans leur fonctionnement interne ainsi que dans leurs relations avec leur environnement socio-politique, les principes de flexibilitE, de transversalitE et de multiplicitE chers aux auteurs de L’Anti-Œdipe,et s’affirment comme des machines de guerre rEsistant ‡ l’oppression de l’appareil d’…tat. La lEgalisation de 1981 les transforme en ‘radios locales privEes’ et enclenche pour une grande majoritE de stations un processus d’institutionnalisation dEsormais achevE. En ce sens, les radios libres sont restEes une utopie ‘deleuzoguattarienne’.