cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmentally regulated expression of a sunflower 11S seed protein gene in transgenic tobacco.

Helianthinin is the major 11S seed storage protein of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Like most seed proteins, helianthinin is encoded by a small gene family; two members of this gene family, HaG3-A and HaG3-D, have been isolated and characterized. Tobacco was transformed with a 6 kb fragment of HaG3-A containing the helianthinin coding region flanked by 3.8 kb upstream and 0.4 kb downstream sequence. Expression of helianthinin was developmentally regulated in seeds of transgenic tobacco plants; furthermore, helianthinin polypeptides were proteolytically processed and targeted to the protein bodies of transgenic tobacco. A fragment of HaG3-A from −2376 to +24 was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and transferred to tobacco. GUS expression driven by this helianthinin upstream region was developmentally regulated in seeds. Germinating seedlings of the same transformant exhibited a time-dependent decrease in GUS activity with none detected by 6 days post imbibition (DPI). Histochemical analysis of GUS activity in embryos and 2 to 5 DPI seedlings showed expression restricted to the cotyledons and upper embryonic axis with none detected at the radicle end. No GUS activity was found in cotyledons, hypocotyls, leaves, and roots of 18 day seedlings or in leaves of an 8 week F1 plant. These results indicate that the cis-regulatory elements required for developmental control of the HaG3-A helianthinin gene are located in a 2.4 kb upstream region of this gene. This region was sequenced together with the upstream region of the HaG3-D helianthinin gene.
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)-based π-conjugated oligomers: Facile synthesis and excited-state properties

Abstract A facile synthetic method to produce soluble 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) oligomers was developed by using iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate as the oxidizing reagent. Two EDOT oligomers, i.e. octomers and octodecamers were obtained as the major products. Their UV–vis absorption, fluorescence at room temperature and 77 K, and triplet transient difference absorption have been measured in CH2Cl2 solutions or glassy solutions. With increased conjugation length from EDOT octomers (A) to EDOT octodecamers (B), the UV–vis absorption, fluorescence and the triplet transient difference absorption band shift to longer wavelength. Both the oligomers also exhibit reasonably high efficiency to generate singlet oxygen.
Emergent system identification using particle swarm optimization

Complex Adaptive Structures can be viewed as a combination of Complex Adaptive Systems and fully integrated autonomous Smart Structures. Traditionally when designing a structure, one combines rules of thumb with theoretical results to develop an acceptable solution. This methodology will have to be extended for Complex Adaptive Structures, since they, by definition, will participate in their own design. In this paper we introduce a new methodology for Emergent System Identification that is concerned with combining the methodologies of self-organizing functional networks (GMDH - Alexy G. Ivakhnenko), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO - James Kennedy and Russell C. Eberhart) and Genetic Programming (GP - John Koza). This paper will concentrate on the utilization of Particle Swarm Optimization in this effort and discuss how Particle Swarm Optimization relates to our ultimate goal of emergent self-organizing functional networks that can be used to identify overlapping internal structural models. The ability for Complex Adaptive Structures to identify emerging internal models will be a key component for their success.
Dynamics in IS Development: A Multi-Method Experiment to Measure the Effects of Disruptions during the Development Process

The failure of many IS development efforts suggests that the development process, in particular the role that key antecedents play in ensuring success, is poorly understood. Information systems are based on a series of highly complex interrelated tasks that can be significantly affected by organizational (e.g., management attention), project (e.g., resources), and technical (e.g., tools) drivers. Changes or disruptions in these can have severe and, in many cases, unanticipated consequences for IS development efforts. To help understand how disruptions during the IS development initiative affect the quality of the system, we employ the system dynamics methodology to capture feedback from non-linear activities, viz., those that define a systems development effort. The results from the simulation lead to some tangible and timely recommendations to manage an IS development initiative.
Postdébridement bacterial flora and antibiotic sensitivity

Abstract The postdebridement bacterial flora of root canals in 563 cases was identified and tested as to sensitivity to antibiotics. One or more positive cultures were seen in 23.6 per cent. Only 8.5 per cent yielded more than one positive culture following debridement at each visit and the use of nonspecific antiseptics between visits. Enterococcus was the most persistent organism, although others also persisted. Thirty-two per cent of the vital teeth with a positive culture yielded more than one positive culture, while 40 per cent of the nonvital teeth with a positive postdebridement culture yielded more than one positive culture. Considering all cases, however, teeth with vital or partially vital pulps gave a higher percentage of positive cultures (32 per cent) than nonvital teeth (20 per cent). Antibiotic-sensitivity tests showed novobiocin to be the most effective, followed by penicillin, erythromycin, chloromycetin, and tetracycline. Antibiotics should not be used indiscriminately, however, and the disk test should be performed whenever possible. Penicillin and erythromycin are the drugs of choice in the vast majority of cases.
4.1.2 CULTURAL CHANGES AND LESSONS LEARNED IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AT THE SPACE AND MISSILE SYSTEMS CENTER (SMC)

Substantial changes in the acquisition and associated systems engineering cultures have occurred in recent years at the Space and Missile System Center (SMC) and The Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. Sources of these changes have mainly derived out of directives from the Department of Defense (DoD) and Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC). These changes and directives have rejuvenated practice of a structured and disciplined systems engineering approach and introduced enhanced program management practices. Such practices have evolved from a blend of cultures associated with MIL-STD-499b (Draft), MIL-HDBK-499-3 (Draft), Integrated Product Development (IPD), and Integrated Weapon System Management (IWSM). The 499b “Engine” and IPD guidance were implemented to various stages on several SMC programs. Emphasis was on conducting System Requirements Analysis (SRA), ensuring compatibility between requirements and tasking, and working in system acquisition teams according to IPD philosophy. Lessons learned from these early years of adopting to cultural changes represent mainly favorable results; i.e., cultural changes in business (government, industry) have proven to be efficient, systems engineering methodologies applied early provide program dividends. However, program “stove piping” (i.e., inward looking IPD team) is a dominant consideration and must be reckoned with.
Structural insights into ligand binding and gene expression control by an adenosylcobalamin riboswitch

Adenosylcobalamin is a form of vitamin B12 that serves as a coenzyme in different reactions and as a ligand for riboswitches to control bacterial gene expression. The crystal structure of a B12 riboswitch from Symbiobacterium thermophilum bound to its ligand adenosylcobalamin is now presented, revealing the determinants for ligand recognition and gene expression control.
Distinct Roles of Different Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) Isoforms in Synaptic Maturation Revealed by Analysis of NCAM 180 kDa Isoform-Deficient Mice

Mice that lack all three major isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) (180 and 140 kDa transmembrane, and 120 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked) were previously shown to exhibit major alterations in the maturation of their neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Specifically, even by postnatal day 30, they failed to downregulate from along their axons and terminals an immature, brefeldin A-sensitive, synaptic vesicle-cycling mechanism that used L-type Ca2+ channels. In addition, these NCAM null NMJs were unable to maintain effective transmitter output with high-frequency repetitive stimulation, exhibiting both severe initial depression and subsequent cyclical periods of total transmission failures that were of presynaptic origin. As reported here, mice that lack only the 180 kDa isoform of NCAM downregulated the immature vesicle-cycling mechanism on schedule, implicating either the 140 or 120 kDa NCAM isoforms in this important maturational event. However, 180 NCAM-deficient mice still exhibited many functional transmission defects. Although 180 NCAM null NMJs did not show the severe initial depression of NCAM null NMJs, they still had cyclical periods of complete transmission failure. In addition, several presynaptic molecules were expressed at lower levels or were more diffusely localized. Thus, the 180 kDa isoform of NCAM appears to play an important role in the molecular organization of the presynaptic terminal and in ensuring effective transmitter output with repetitive stimulation. Our results also suggest that PKC and MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) may be downstream effectors of NCAM in these processes. Together, these results indicate that different isoforms of NCAM mediate distinct and important events in presynaptic maturation.
Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanohoops

Abstract We present the Raman spectra for [ n ]Cycloparaphenylenes ([ n ]CPPs) of different sizes. A plethora of Raman modes are observed in these spectra, including modes that are analogous to those of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) such as G-band, as well as Raman peaks that are unique for carbon nanohoops. In addition, we have calculated the theoretical Raman spectra of [ n ]CPPs for n = 4–20 using density functional theory (DFT), which are then compared to the experimental results for the assignment of different modes. The Raman peak positions are seen to be dependent on the size of the nanohoop from both the experimental and the calculated results.
Microliter Oxygen Detection in Medical Research

Many problems in medical research concerning the transmembrane diffusion, transport, and metabolism of oxygen require its detection with microliter accuracy. The paper describes the construction and operating characteristics of an electronic polarograph sensing system with a membrane-covered gold electrode having a sensing error of less than 0.5 microliter of oxygen at atmospheric pressure.
Idealization control for the analysis of composite materials

Abstract The various idealization steps required to go from the physical description of composite structures to the numerical analyses used to predict thermo-mechanical response are overviewed. A general methodology for the reliable control of these idealizations steps is proposed. One component of this methodology is a general analysis idealization control system which can easily combine a variety of analytic (numeric) and knowledge-based procedures through a goal manager and analysis strategist. The second component of the methodology is the use of idealization regions typically added to lower level analysis models using superposition techniques. A simple example that demonstrates some of the concepts is presented.
Diagnostic Rates Differ on the Basis of the Number of Read Days with the Use of the InPouch Culture System for Trichomonas vaginalis Screening

The InPouch Trichomonas vaginalis test is the gold standard for clinical culture for Trichomonas vaginalis screening. The current package insert recommends an examination period of 3 days. After review of 2,499 InPouch tests spanning 13 years, we observed that examination up to 3 days will detect only 82.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.0% to 86.2%) of positive specimens.
Excited States and Photochemistry of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane

Calculations on the excited states of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane in the gas phase by different theoretical methods using several basis sets were performed. In general, the agreement between calculated and experimental excitation energies for bicyclo[1.1.0]butane in the gas phase is very good. Reviews of the solution-phase photochemistry of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane as well as previous calculations on the ground and excited states of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane are given to provide a necessary perspective of the photochemistry of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane in solution. To simulate the solution-phase photochemistry of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, a well potential is added to the Kirkwood−Onsager model for obtaining solvation energies of molecules in solution. The addition of the well potential gives rise to a blue-shift of all gas-phase excitation energies in solution. However, there is also the very important added effect of providing an increase in Rydberg-valence mixing of solution-phase excited states. It is this mixing of antibondin...
A NEW SPECIES OF CLITORIA SUBGENUS NEUROCARPUM SECTION NEUROCARPUM (LEGUMINOSAE) FROM BRAZIL

Clitoria irwinii Fantz is a new species from the Brazilian Planalto assigned to subg.Neurocarpum (Desv.) Baker sect.Neurocarpum because of the diagnostic costate legume and other features characteristic of this section. It has close affinities withC. densiflora (Benth.) Benth. andC. stipularis Benth.
Purification and Characterization of Two Forms of Glutamine Synthetase from the Pedicel Region of Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernels

Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel pedicels, including vascular tissues, pedicel parenchyma, placento-chalazal tissue, and the surrounding pericarp, contained two forms of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), separable by anion exchange chromatography under mildly acidic conditions. The earlier-eluting activity (GSp1), but not the later-eluting activity (GSp2), was chromatographically distinct from the maize leaf and root glutamine synthetases. The level of GSp1 activity changed in a developmentally dependent manner while GSp2 activity was constitutive. GSp1 and GSp2 exhibited distinct ratios of transferase to hydroxylamine-dependent synthetase activities (5 and 23, respectively), which did not change with kernel age. Purified pedicel glutamine synthetases had native relative molecular masses of 340,000, while the subunit relative molecular masses differed slightly at 38,900 and 40,500 for GSp1 and GSp2, respectively. Both GS forms required free Mg2+ with apparent Kms = 2.0 and 0.19 millimolar for GSp1 and GSp2, respectively. GSp1 had an apparent Km for glutamate of 35 millimolar and exhibited substrate inhibition at glutamate concentrations greater than 90 millimolar. In contrast, GSp2 exhibited simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics for glutamate with a Km value of 3.4 millimolar. Both isozymes exhibited positive cooperativity for ammonia, with S0.5 values of 100 and 45 micromolar, respectively. GSp1 appears to be a unique, kernel-specific form of plant glutamine synthetase. Possible functions for the pedicel GS isozymes in kernel nitrogen metabolism are discussed.
Perioperative management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis

A multidisciplinary approach is required to care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the perioperative period. In preparation for surgery, patients must have a cardiovascular risk assessment performed due to the high risk of heart disease in patients with RA. Treatment of RA is with immunomodulatory medications, which present unique challenges for the perioperative period. Currently, there is no consensus on how to manage disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in the perioperative setting. Much of the data to guide therapy is based on retrospective cohort data. Choices regarding DMARDs require an individualized approach with collaboration between surgeons and rheumatologists. Consensus regarding biologic therapy is to hold the therapy in the perioperative period with the length of time dictated by the half-life of the medication. Special attention is required at the time of surgery for potential need for stress dose steroids. Further, there must be close communication with anesthesiologists in terms of airway management particularly in light of the risk for cervical spine disease. There are no consensus guidelines regarding the requirement for cervical spine radiographs prior to surgery. However, history and exam alone cannot be relied upon to identify cervical spine disease. Patients with RA who undergo joint replacement arthroplasty are at higher risk for infection and dislocation compared to patients with osteoarthritis, necessitating particular vigilance in postoperative follow up. This review summarizes available evidence regarding perioperative management of patients with RA.
Characterizing the relationship between free drug samples and prescription patterns for acne vulgaris and rosacea.

Importance Describing the relationship between the availability of free prescription drug samples and dermatologists’ prescribing patterns on a national scale can help inform policy guidelines on the use of free samples in a physician’s office. Objectives To investigate the relationships between free drug samples and dermatologists’ local and national prescribing patterns and between the availability of free drug samples and prescription costs. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study investigating prescribing practices for acne, a common dermatologic condition for which free samples are often available. The settings were, first, the offices of nationally representative dermatologists from the National Disease and Therapeutic Index (an IMS Health Incorporated database) and, second, an academic medical center clinic without samples. Participants were ambulatory patients who received a prescription from a dermatologist for a primary initial diagnosis of acne vulgaris or rosacea in 2010. Main Outcomes and Measures National trends in dermatologist prescribing patterns, the degree of correlation between the availability of free samples and the prescribing of brand-name medications, and the mean cost of acne medications prescribed per office visit nationally and at an academic medical center without samples. Results On a national level, the provision of samples with a prescription by dermatologists has been increasing over time, and this increase is correlated ( r = 0.92) with the use of the branded generic drugs promoted by these samples. Branded and branded generic drugs comprised most of the prescriptions written nationally (79%), while they represented only 17% at an academic medical center clinic without samples. Because of the increased use of branded and branded generic drugs, the national mean total retail cost of prescriptions at an office visit for acne was conservatively estimated to be 2 times higher (approximately $465 nationally vs $200 at an academic medical center without samples). Conclusions and Relevance Free drug samples can alter the prescribing habits of physicians away from the use of less expensive generic medications. The benefits of free samples in dermatology must be weighed against potential negative effects on prescribing behavior and prescription costs.
Quantum Statistics of Almost Classical Assemblies

The sum of states of an assembly in statistical equilibrium may be transformed into an integral in phase space, which is analogous to the classical Gibbs phase integral. With the use of an equation obtained by Bloch it is possible to expand the quantum phase integral in powers of Planck's constant $h$. The present method of treating the problem supplements that of Wigner and of Uhlenbeck and Gropper by furnishing a more convenient means of obtaining the $h$-expansion.
Students with special needs and 1:1 computing: a teacher's perspective

To better understand the growing trend of 1:1 learning, researchers conducted an evaluation of a laptop initiative in 18 North Carolina high schools. The goal of the study was to provide information about the value of the initiative to enhance student learning, as well as to identify challenges to the successful implementation of 1:1 programs, strategies for meeting those challenges, and services and supports needed to enable successful programs throughout the state. This paper focuses on ways in which the initiative enhanced the learning experiences of students with disabilities in areas such as communication, reading ability, assessment, organisation and confidence. Data sources include teacher, student and administrator focus groups, which enable scholars to gain an array of insight regarding technology initiatives and students with special needs. Implications for educators and administrators are discussed.
Ultrasonic thermoacoustic energy converter.

Abstract Thermoacoustic prime movers have been developed for operation in the low ultrasonic frequency range by scaling down the device size. The developed engines operate at frequencies up to 23 kHz. They are self-sustained oscillators whose dimensions scale inversely with operating frequency. The smallest one being 3.4 mm long with a 1 mm diameter bore, i.e. the engine inner volume of 2.67 mm3. The generated sound levels reached intensities in the range of 143–150 dB in the low ultrasonic range. The miniaturization of thermoacoustic engines will lead to the development of device arrays.
Synthesis and reactivity studies of the diphosphine ligand 2-(ferrocenylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (fbpcd): Bridge-to-chelate ligand isomerization kinetics in Os3(CO)10(fbpcd) and X-ray diffraction structure of the ortho-metalated cluster HOs3(CO)9[μ-PhP(C6H4)CC(PPh2)C(O)CCH(C5H4FeCp)C(O)]

Abstract Knoevenagel condensation of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) yields the new diphosphine ligand 2-(ferrocenylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (fbpcd) in near quantitative yield. The reaction of fbpcd with the activated cluster 1,2-Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2 has been examined, with the diphosphine-bridged cluster 1,2-Os3(CO)10(fbpcd) (2b) observed as the major product. Cluster 2b is unstable and transforms into the corresponding chelating isomer 1,1-Os3(CO)10(fbpcd) (2c) on heating. The kinetics associated with the conversion of 2b → 2c have been studied over the temperature range of 313-343 K by 1H NMR and UV–vis spectroscopies. On the basis of the observed activation parameters, a nondissociative isomerization process that involves a transient μ2-bridged phosphine moiety is presented. Near-UV irradiation of cluster 2c leads to CO loss and ortho-metalation of the one of the ancillary phenyl groups to give the hydride cluster HOs3(CO)9[μ-PhP(C6H4)C C(PPh2)C(O)C CH(C5H4FeCp)C(O)] (3) as a 45:55 mixture of diastereomers. The fbpcd ligand and clusters 2b, 2c, and 3 have been isolated and characterized in solution by IR and NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopies, and by X-ray diffraction analysis in the case of the hydride-bridged cluster 3.
History and Accomplishments of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Monitoring and Measurement Technology (MMT) Program

This manuscript presents a detailed narrative of the history, accomplishments, and evolution of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Monitoring and Measurement Technology (MMT) Verification Program. This includes a discussion of how fundamental concepts of a performance testing/verification program were developed in response to the 1986 Congressional legislation that was enacted to bring together technology developers, users, and EPA’s credibility in a national testing program. One impetus for the program was the technology developers’ need for a cost effective and technically credible program for showcasing the performance of their technologies to EPA regions, other federal agencies, and other clients. The SITE Program was EPA’s first technology verification program and it has served as a model for subsequent evaluation programs. The performance characteristics of 70 technologies have been verified by the SITE MMT Program. A survey of developers that have participated in the program indicated their overall satisfaction and a summary of their observations is presented. The outcome of the program and its legacy represents an important contribution to the EPA Superfund Program and the use of field analytical technologies.
Pelvic floor reconstruction: state-of-the-art and beyond

Reconstructive surgery for pelvic-floor dysfunction is challenging and complex. It requires an extensive familiarity with pelvic anatomy and a wide armamentarium of surgical procedures to offer patients with various structural defects. Not every patient is suited for every procedure and the surgeon must be able to individualize the approach. Each technique has indications and benefits: vaginal repairs are relatively simple and cause less morbidity than abdominal repairs, which are generally more durable. Laparoscopic repairs provide excellent visualization with decreased morbidity, but operative times are longer, there is greater cost, and learning curves are steep. Techniques and principles described for vaginal and abdominal approaches can be applied to laparoscopic and robotic surgery, but comparative outcomes are not available. Robotic assistance with the laparoscopic approach may bring this method to the mainstream by helping surgeons who are not trained formally in laparoscopy to perform advanced skills. Advances in technology and surgical skills will support the application of laparoscopic and robotic approaches, and the development of better synthetic and biologic materials likely will improve vaginal repairs. Future studies will determine the utility of the approach.
Dynamics of spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Nuclear transformation.

When the spermatid of Drosophila melanogaster fully elongates, the spermatid nucleus too virtually reaches its final length and attains a canoe-shaped configuration, with a deep concavity at its fenestrated side. Two narrow membranous strips, each accompanied by a fragment of endoplasmic reticulum, then move from the boundaries between the concave and convex sides toward each other along the convex side. A large number of microtubules in the concavity follow the strips and, together with preexisting microtubules on the convex side, are packed into a single row. The apparent depolymerization of the rest of microtubules at the concave side is followed by gradual resumption of convexity by this side. Subsequently, chromatin becomes associated only with the nonfenestrated side. As chromatin condenses, the area of association is reduced in width but always exactly covered by the concomitantly reducing number of microtubules. The elimination of excess envelope and nucleoplasm takes place from the originally concave side, until highly condensed chromatin becomes tightly enwrapped by the envelope. It is proposed that microtubules perform essential roles in the spermiogenic nuclear transformation in this insect as well as in many other organisms through their cytoskeletal or transporting function.
Absence of Sudakov factors in large-angle photoproduction and Compton scattering.

We show that lowest-order predictions for large-angle Compton scattering and photoproduction are not sensitive to Sudakov corrections. As a result, the asymptotic amplitudes for these processes, including their absolute normalizations and phases, should be given by lowest-order calculations, without a resummation of perturbation theory.
The surface chemistry of molybdena-alumina catalysts reduced in H2 at elevated temperatures

Abstract The changes in surface chemistry which occurred as a molybdena-alumina catalyst (8% Mo) was reduced to increasing extents in H2 at temperatures between 500 and 900 °C were characterized by measuring the chemisorptions of NO (at −78 and 24 °C) and of O2 (at −78 °C) and these data were supplemented by studies of the hydrogenation of benzene. Interesting changes occurred as the catalyst was reduced under more severe conditions than those ordinarily used. The average extent of reduction, e Mo , increased monotonically from 1.7 (mainly Mo4+) at 500 °C to 5.0 (Mo0 present) at 900 °C, while the surface area decreased by less than 25%. The oxygen chemisorption increased concomitantly from nearly zero at e Mo = 0.08 to O Mo = 0.5 at e Mo ≈ 3.0 ; it reached a maximum of O Mo = 0.55 at e Mo ≈ 4 and then decreased slightly at the highest reduction temperature. The NO chemisorption behaved similarly but dropped more precipitously at the highest temperature. The ratio of the two chemisorptions changed from 2 NO O ( 4 NO O 2 ) at 500 °C (standard preparation) to 2 NO O 2 above e Mo = 3 (700 °C reduction temperature). NO chemisorbed at −78 °C without evident decomposition, but at room temperature and above, N2O and N2 were evolved in amounts corresponding to oxidation of 20 to 45% of the total Mo by 2e, the amount increasing with the extent of reduction. Moreover, as the extent of reduction increased, it was found that chemisorption of NO on the support became an important fraction of the total. Hydrogenation of benzene did not occur at atmospheric pressure at temperatures up to 250 °C until e Mo ≈ 5 where metallic molybdenum evidently was present. Thus, the sites responsible for hydrogenation of simple olefins were ineffective for benzene and this reaction provides a simple diagnostic tool for the detection of Mo0.
Veneziano amplitude for winding strings.

String configurations with a nonzero winding number describe soliton string states. We compute the Veneziano amplitude for the scattering of arbitrary winding states and show that in the large radius limit the strings always scatter trivially and with no change in the individual winding numbers of the strings. In this limit, then, these states scatter as true solitons.
The influence of drug treatment on norepinephrine levels and ultrastructure of the rat hypothalamus and caudate nucleus during a programmed light-dark cycle

Abstract The ultrastructure and norepinephrine levels of the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus of rats adapted to a programmed illumination cycle were examined at 03.00 (late dark phase) and 15.00 hr (late light phase) in untreated animals and after dl -DOPA-pargyline (500 and 6 mg/kg i.p.) or reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.). The norepinephrine levels were always significantly higher at 03.00 than at 15.00 hr, regardless of treatment, although they were reduced after reserpine and elevated after dl -DOPA-pargyline. Reserpine significantly decreased granular vesicle counts in the anterior hypothalamus and caudate nucleus at 03.00 hr and increased them in the posterior hypothalamus at both 03.00 and 15.00 hr. dl -DOPA-pargyline increased counts significantly over those of the controls at 03.00 hr in the posterior hypothalamus and in all tissues at 15.00 hr. Agranular vesicle counts were unchanged from 03.00 to 15.00 hr in control tissues. After reserpine, agranular vesicle counts decreased significantly at both times. Decreased vesicle counts were also obtained after dl -DOPA-pargyline except for the caudate nucleus, in which there was no change at 03.00 hr and an increase in counts at 15.00 hr.
Search for the neural correlates of learning to discriminate orientations.

Perceptual learning, or improvement in perceptual abilities with experience or training, is crucial to the ability of an organism to dynamically adapt to its environment. Understanding perceptual learning is important not just because it represents an interesting type of adult plasticity, but also
Ising fluctuations for the intermittent and scaling behaviors of high energy multiparticle productions

Abstract We have derived explicitly the factorial moments in the one-dimensional Ising model on the lattice and shown that they have intermittency. In the continuum limit, we show that the intermittency persists and scaling relations emerge among factorial moments. Multiparticle production in hadronic scatterings are effectively one-dimensional distributions in the rapidity variable. By introducing a parameter relating the lattice sites to experimental rapidity bins, in addition to the two parameters in the Ising model which are fixed by average multiplicity 〈 n 〉 and its dispersion 〈 n 2 〉, we can fit the intermittent patterns of multiparticle productions in a few different high energy nuclear scatterings. We also present the nuclear-emulsion data in scaling plots. It will be interesting to further test such intermittency and scaling behavior with more accurate data and in other high energy hadronic particle experiments.
Assembly of tropomyosin isoforms into the cytoskeleton of avian muscle cells

Tropomyosin (TM) is a component of microfilaments of most eukaryotic cells. In striated muscle, TM helps confer calcium sensitivity to the actin-myosin interaction. TM is a fibrillar, self-associating protein that binds to the extended actin filament system. We hypothesized that these structural features would permit TM to undergo assembly into the cytoskeleton during translation, or cotranslational assembly. Pulse-chase experiments with[35S]methionine and pulse experiments with [3H]puromycin followed by extraction and immunoprecipitation of TM were performed to examine the mechanism of assembly of TM into the cytoskeleton in cultured avian muscle cells. Pulse-chase experiments provide kinetic evidence for cotranslational assembly of TM in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Demonstration of a large majority of completed TM on purified skeletal muscle microfilaments after a short labeling period confirms that these kinetic data are not related to trapping of TM within the actin network of the cytoskeleton. Nascent TM peptides are demonstrated on the cytoskeleton of muscle cells after a short metabolic pulse followed by puromycin treatment to release nascent peptides from ribosomes or after labeling with [3H]puromycin. Nascent chain localization to the cytoskeleton independent of ribosomal attachment further confirms the high degree of cotranslational assembly of this protein. The extent of cotranslational assembly is similar before and after the formation of significant myofibril in myotubes, suggesting that cotranslational assembly of TM is active during contractile apparatus assembly in muscle differentiation. This is the first report where assembly mechanism has been predicted to be cotranslational based upon structural features of a cytoskeletal protein.
Parallel computational chemistry made easier: The development of NWChem

We describe the design philosophy, structure, and supporting tool kits of the NWChem computational chemistry package. The primary purpose of this effort was to develop efficient parallel algorithms for a broad range of methods commonly used in computational chemistry. To facilitate this, we developed a shared nonuniform access memory model which simplifies parallel programming while at the same time providing for portability across both distributed- and shared-memory machines. In addition to this specific focus on parallelization, a substantial effort has been made to simplify the general problem of large-scale software development, which is common to many research groups. We find that this simplification can be achieved through judicious use of ideas from the computer science field of software engineering in the design and implementation of the program with minimal extra effort on the part of the chemist. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bayesian Confidence Limits for the Reliability of Mixed Exponential and Distribution-Free Cascade Subsystems

The problem treated here is the theoretical one of deriving exact Bayesian confidence intervals for the reliability of a system consisting of some independent cascade subsystems with exponential failure probability density functions (pdf) mixed with other independent cascade subsystems whose failure pdf's are unknown. The Mellin integral transform is used to derive the posterior pdf of the system reliability. The posterior cumulative distribution function (cdf) is then obtained in the usual manner by integrating the pdf, which serves the dual purpose of yielding system reliability confidence limits while at the same time providing a check on the derived pdf. A computer program written in Fortran IV is operational. It utilizes multiprecision to obtain the posterior pdf to any desired degree of accuracy in both functional and tabular form. The posterior cdf is tabulated at any desired increments to any required degree of accuracy.
Participatory Survey Research: Integrating Community Collaboration and Quantitative Methods for the Study of Gender and HIV Risks Among Hispanic Migrants

This article outlines a research strategy for studying difficult-to-reach migrant populations that combines community collaboration, targeted random sampling, and parallel sampling in sending and receiving areas. The authors describe how this methodology was applied to the study of gender, migration, and HIV risks among Hispanic migrants in Durham, North Carolina. They illustrate the usefulness of community collaboration for informing survey design and providing a contextual understanding of research findings. They likewise demonstrate the importance of parallel sampling and assess the bias that would have resulted from conducting their study with convenience samples as opposed to a targeted random sampling technique. While the authors describe its application to HIV risks among Hispanic migrants, the methodology can easily be extended to other migrant groups as well as to other sensitive topics pertaining to migration and social adaptation.
Developmental changes in rat renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Developmental changes in rat renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-OHSD) transforms endogenous glucocorticoids to their respective "biologically inert" 11-dehydro derivatives. A decrease in enzyme activity allows glucocorticoids to induce mineralocorticoid-like renal sodium retention. Since positive sodium balance is required for optimum growth in the newborn, we hypothesized that renal 11β-OHSD activity would be low in the postnatal period, a time of active growth. To test this, incubations with corticosterone were carried out using minces or homogenates prepared from kidneys of newborn, 8-day-old, and mature Spague-Dawley rats. 11β-OHSD activity in renal minces, assessed by the percent of corticosterone (10 −8 M) transformed to 11-dehydrocorticosterone (compound A), was significantly lower in the newborn kidney (newborn 45.7 ± 3.8%, 8 day 70.2 ± 3.8%, and adult 73.4 ± 3.1%, P + , the apparent Km for corticosterone in the adult was 4.42 × 10 −6 M with a corresponding V max of 1.33 × 10 −9 mol/min/mg protein, while the apparent Km for corticosterone in the newborn was calculated to be 12.8 × 10 −8 M with a V max of 2.08 × 10 −11 mol/min/mg protein. Thus 11β-OHSD activity appears diminished in the newborn kidney secondary to a decrease in the renal content of the enzyme and the lower apparent Km and V max for corticosterone.
On the energy-dependence of fragmentation of cosmic ray nuclei in interstellar space

The energy-dependence of fragmentation probabilities for cosmic ray nuclei in interstellar hydrogen is investigated, using the data that exist from experiments in which protons of various energy bombard different nuclei. The probability of a medium nucleus (C, N, O, F) going into a light nucleus (Li, Be, B) in an interaction of a medium nucleus in hydrogen (PpML) seems to be energy-independent up to energies of the order of 6 GeV/nucleon, whereas the probability of a heavy nucleus (Z > 10) going into a light nucleus (Phl) seems to be strongly energy-dependent. The above results imply that the interstellar matter traversed by cosmic ray nuclei as deduced from the abundance of light nuclei is dependent on the energies under consideration. The maximum possible difference between the values deduced at low energy (∼ 500 MeV/nucleon) and the value deduced at high energy (> 1.5 GeV/nucleon) is about 2 g/cm2, if the experimentally measured ratio (Li, Be, B)/(C, N, O, F) is the same at the two energy ranges, the value at lower energies being higher.
BRCA1 and CtIP suppress long-tract gene conversion between sister chromatids

BRCA1 controls early steps of the synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) pathway of homologous recombination, but has no known role following Rad51-mediated synapsis. Here we show that BRCA1 influences post-synaptic homologous recombination events, controlling the balance between short- (STGC) and long-tract gene conversion (LTGC) between sister chromatids. Brca1 mutant cells reveal a bias towards LTGC that is corrected by expression of wild-type but not cancer-predisposing BRCA1 alleles. The LTGC bias is enhanced by depletion of CtIP but reversed by inhibition of 53BP1, implicating DNA end resection as a contributor to the STGC/LTGC balance. The impact of BRCA1/CtIP loss on the STGC/LTGC balance is abolished when the second (non-invading) end of the break is unable to support termination of STGC by homologous pairing (annealing). This suggests that BRCA1/CtIP-mediated processing of the second end of the break controls the annealing step that normally terminates SDSA, thereby suppressing the error-prone LTGC outcome.
Vertex-Compressed Subalgebras of a Graph von Neumann Algebra

In Cho (Acta Appl. Math. 95:95–134, 2007 and Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 1:367–398, 2007), we introduced Graph von Neumann Algebras which are the (groupoid) crossed product algebras of von Neumann algebras and graph groupoids via graph-representations, which are groupoid actions. In Cho (Acta Appl. Math. 95:95–134, 2007), we showed that such crossed product algebras have the amalgamated reduced free probabilistic properties, where the reduction is totally depending on given directed graphs. Moreover, in Cho (Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 1:367–398, 2007), we characterize each amalgamated free blocks of graph von Neumann algebras: we showed that they are characterized by the well-known von Neumann algebras: Classical group crossed product algebras and (operator-valued) matricial algebras. This shows that we can provide a nicer way to investigate such groupoid crossed product algebras, since we only need to concentrate on studying graph groupoids and characterized algebras. How about the compressed subalgebras of them? i.e., how about the inner (cornered) structures of a graph von Neumann algebra? In this paper, we will provides the answer of this question. Consequently, we show that vertex-compressed subalgebras of a graph von Neumann algebra are characterized by other graph von Neumann algebras. This gives the full characterization of the vertex-compressed subalgebras of a graph von Neumann algebra, by other graph von Neumann algebras.
Selective partial access to a database

A system to support a multi-function, shared-access database requires the capability of defining for each user an arbitrary subset of the fields of a logical record to which access is allowed. The feasibility of such a capability has already been demonstrated by several operational systems. This paper is concerned with the possibility of granting something less than complete access to a specified field of a record. The purpose would be to allow a user to perform various summary and statistical tasks over controlled fields without allowing identification of the exact value of a field in a particular record.Three different strategies are examined: 1. An arbitrary partition of values is defined for each restricted field. A user granted this type of access can determine only which class of the partition contains the field value. 2. The actual field value is distorted by a random perturbation. 3. Access to actual field values is allowed—but values are dissociated from the actual record in which they occur.The third strategy—dissociation—appears to be the most interesting, potentially useful, but potentially vulnerable. In each case, the utility of incomplete access is examined and various implementation alternatives are explored. The degree of protection against persistent assault is determined.
Effective color combinations in isosurface visualization

The suitability of three classes of strategies governing color combination selection in isosurface-based volume visualization are explored. These classes are use of: (1) harmonious color combinations, (2) disharmonious color combinations, and (3) opponent color combinations. Suitability is assessed here via user evaluation of renderings of isosurfaces with multiple (nested) components. The significance of these user evaluations are also analyzed statistically.
Ethnic minorities and weight control research priorities: Where are we now and where do we need to be?

Within the overall obesity epidemic, the burden of obesity and related health problems is particularly high among African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and Pacific Islanders--both children and adults. The often asked question of what types of obesity interventions work in these populations reflects uncertainty about how applicable standard interventions are to diverse socio-cultural groups and socio-environmental contexts. A meta-analysis in this issue of Preventive Medicine (Seo and Sa, 2008. A meta-analysis of psycho-behavioral obesity interventions among US multiethnic and minority adults) includes selected multi-ethnic and minority-focused studies that in total had 40% minority participants. Although the authors' conclusions were congruent with current general guidance for weight loss programs, insights about how to intervene with minority populations were limited by the small amount and nature of the available evidence. Ethnic minorities in the aggregate are now a third of the U.S. population. We should be purposeful in identifying research needs and quality standards for conducting and reporting studies with these populations and in motivating related research. Improving the relevance to and quality of evidence on obesity prevention and treatment for a more diverse set of populations will also improve the weight control literature as a whole.
Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and their management

Background: Antipsychotic drugs have revolutionized the management of psychosis. Unfortunately, these drugs may cause a variety of distressing acute and delayed movement disorders, collectively kno...
Oxidative roasting of covellite with minimal retardation from the CuO⋅CuSO4 film

Copper (II) sulfide can be efficiently converted to the oxide at lower temperatures than normally required in aerobic roasting by a new method involving programed environment roasting (PER). When heating was conducted in absence of oxygen up to about 650°C, and then nitrogen was replaced by air, the sulfide was easily converted to oxide without need for further increase in temperature. Traditional oxidative roasting of chalcocite required a temperature range of 800° to 850°C for conversion to tenorite. Unlike the situation with conventional roasting, CuSO4 was not detected in the X-ray diffractogram of the product obtained with the PER method above 625°C. Also, the amount of CuO ⋅ CuSO4 significantly decreased as the halt temperature in the PER process increased from 600° to 700°C. Apparently the shell of copper oxysulfate is impervious to oxygen and/or sulfur dioxide and delays the formation of tenorite until the sulfate and oxysulfate are decomposed. If the oxysulfate stage were bypassed with an inert atmosphere, then, even if small amounts of this salt were formed upon introducing the oxidant, it would decompose at an appreciable rate and the impedance of its thin film to gaseous transport would be considerably diminished. By contrast, the accelerating effect of externally added iron on the oxidative roasting of covellite was confined to the low temperature reactions and hence iron promoted the extent of sulfate formation. Iron did not, however, lower the thermal requirement for complete oxidation of CuS or Cu2S because it had virtually no effect on the thermal decomposition of CuO ⋅CuSO4.