cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Terrapinn's world influenza congress Europe 2009. Part 2

Terrapinn's World Influenza Congress Europe 2009, held in Brussels, included topics covering new developments in the field of influenza vaccination. This conference report highlights selected presentations on the use of novel technologies for developing vaccines for influenza. Investigational vaccines discussed include Multimeric-001 (BiondVax Pharmaceuticals Ltd), NB-1008 (NanoBio Corp) and an influenza vaccine containing the CAF-01 adjuvant (Statens Serum Institut).
Navigating the Waters of Accreditation: Best Practices, Challenges, and Lessons Learned From One Institution

In higher education, as many as 50% of educator preparation programs (EPPs) look to a national accreditation agency as one way to provide evidence of the rigor and quality of their programs. Althou...
Online Brand Derision: When Brand Animosity Drives Avoidance and Negative Communication (An Abstract)

Brands tend to polarize consumers. As a result, consumers engage in behavior and communication in support of a focal brand or against that brand’s competitors (e.g., Gregoire et al. 2009; Lovett et al. 2013; Wolter et al. 2015). As brand-directed word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior by consumers represents an opportunity to indirectly influence consumer behavior in a cost-effective and rapid manner, marketers are attempting to create “talkable brands,” which have characteristics that promote WOM (e.g., Berger 2014; Hollebeek et al. 2014; King et al. 2014; Lovett et al. 2013). But such efforts come with the concomitant risk of brands stimulating unfavorable behaviors such as opposition and avoidance (e.g., Wolter et al. 2015).
Effect of Methylphenidate on Puberty in Animals

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, studying the genetic and behavioral effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in juvenile male rhesus monkeys, observed after 14 mo of treatment a delay in puberty with impaired testicular descent and reduced testicular volume.
How engaged are pre-service teachers in the United States?

Abstract Using the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE), findings are reported from the largest ever longitudinal study of engagement among pre-service teachers. Levels of engagement are investigated in 2013 ( N = 1609) and 2016 ( N = 1413) across 256 U.S. institutions. Using multilevel models, findings indicated that female, white pre-service teachers were less engaged than their male, minority counterparts with small to moderate effect sizes that differed by year. Institutional type, sector, and size were also significantly associated with pre-service teacher engagement. ACT prior achievement scores, however, were not associated with pre-service teacher engagement in either year. Implications for teacher preparation are discussed.
Sudden Cardiac Death: Methods of Risk Prediction

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, accounting for more than 50% or greater than 300,000 deaths in the United States annually. As such, this is a major health care problem. Identifying high risk patients that may benefit from preventative strategies has been studied for decades. The implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICDs) has had a major impact on the treatment of SCD. However, this therapy has been largely used in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. A changing epidemiology of SCD with fewer patients having marked reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has renewed the focus on identifying other high risk populations. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the diverse clinical, genetic, electrocardiographic and imaging techniques available to detect patients most at risk. Despite many identified risk factors, no single predictor has been shown to have sufficient predictive value to be used to guide preventative therapy and reduce mortality. More recent effort has been directed towards combining markers to increase the sensitivity of identifying high risk cohorts.
Leachability of Trace Metals from Sandy or Rocky Soils Amended with Coal Fly Ash

Application of coal fly ash as a soil amendment for Florida sandy or rocky soils is an alternative to disposal of coal fly ash and also will improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase crop production. However, environmental fate of trace metals in coal fly ash is a major concern. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate movement of trace metals in coal fly ash amended soil columns. Three soils were collected from south Florida to represent Alfisols, Entisols, and Spodosols. Each of three representative soil was packed into separate columns (32.5 cm long and 7.5 cm inner diameter), amended with coal fly ash at rates of 0, 40, 80 Mg ha−1 and leached with 10 pore volumes of water, which is equivalent to 113.8 cm rainfall. Leachates were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Ni. There was no detectable Cd in leachate from any of the soil columns. The maximum concentrations of Zn from all three soils with or without coal fly ash amendment were below the Maximum Contamination Level (MCL) for drinking water. High concentrations of Fe, Pb and Mn in leachate were more closely related to the background concentrations of these metals in three soils than to the coal fly ash application. Application of 80 Mg ha−1 coal fly ash to Riviera soil elevated Cu concentration in leachate above MCL. After completion of leaching, soil columns were divided into five sections (5 cm each) and analyzed for total concentrations of selected metals. The results showed that application of coal fly ash increased all of the trace metals measured in soils at top 5 cm or 5–10 cm depth after leaching. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cd were also elevated in soil depths from 5 to 25 cm of Riviera soils mainly because the soil has very sandy texture and low organic carbon.
Silencing Queens: The Dominated Discourse of Historical Queens in Film

This paper focuses on the disempowered queen as portrayed in modern Hollywood film, analyzing why medieval queens, specifically Isabella of France, Sibylla of Jerusalem, and Isabel of Castile are frequently silenced in terms of their power, authority, and their very voices in modern film. It explores why medievalism, which has often allowed writers and artists to comment on controversial social and cultural issues has deliberately stripped these women of the power they exercised in the Middle Ages and why, in the creation of romanticized historical narratives, modern film requires a queen that is best seen as a silent shadow of her male counterparts.
Review of current trends in research and applications of sandwich structures

Abstract The review outlines modern trends in theoretical developments, novel designs and modern applications of sandwich structures. The most recent work published at the time of writing of this review is considered, older sources are listed only on as-needed basis. The review begins with the discussion on the analytical models and methods of analysis of sandwich structures as well as representative problems utilizing or comparing these models. Novel designs of sandwich structures is further elucidated concentrating on miscellaneous cores, introduction of nanotubes and smart materials in the elements of a sandwich structure as well as using functionally graded designs. Examples of problems experienced by developers and designers of sandwich structures, including typical damage, response under miscellaneous loads, environmental effects and fire are considered. Sample applications of sandwich structures included in the review concentrate on aerospace, civil and marine engineering, electronics and biomedical areas. Finally, the authors suggest a list of areas where they envision a pressing need in further research.
Ethnoracial differences in brain structure change and cognitive change.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between structural MRI and cognition in a diverse sample. Method Older adults (n = 444; Mage = 74.5)-121 African Americans, 212 Whites, and 111 Hispanics-underwent an average of 5.3 annual study visits. Approximately half were cognitively normal at baseline (global Clinical Dementia Rating M = 0.5). Of the patients with dementia, most (79%) were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI measures of gray matter volume (baseline and change), and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes (baseline), were used to predict change in global cognition. Multilevel latent variable modeling was used to test the hypothesis that brain effects on cognitive change differed across ethnoracial groups. Results In a multivariable model, global gray matter change was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline in Whites and African Americans and specific temporal lobe change added incremental explanatory power in Whites. Baseline WMH volume was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline in Hispanics and made an incremental contribution in Whites. Conclusions We found ethnoracial group differences in associations of brain variables with cognitive decline. The unique patterns in Whites appeared to suggest a greater influence of AD in this group. In contrast, cognitive decline in African Americans and Hispanics was most uniquely attributable to global gray matter change and baseline WMH, respectively. Brain changes underlying cognitive decline in older adults are heterogeneous and depend on fixed and modifiable risk factors that differ based on ethnicity and race. (PsycINFO Database Record
Three-dimensional radio-frequency transformers based on a self-rolled-up membrane platform

Radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits are used for wireless communications and require transformers capable of transferring electrical energy at RF/microwave frequencies. Traditional on-chip RF transformer designs have complex fabrication schemes and offer limited performance scalability. Here we report on-chip RF/microwave transformers that are based on a self-rolled-up membrane platform. The monolithic nature and versatility of this platform allows us to create high-performance transformers while maintaining an ultra-compact device footprint and by using only planar processing. We also show that the performance of the three-dimensional RF transformers improves with scaling, which is in contrast to conventional planar designs. In particular, we observe a continuous rate of increase in the index of performance of our RF transformers as we scale up the turns ratio. This behaviour is attributed to the almost ideal mutual magnetic coupling inherent to the self-rolled-up membrane three-dimensional architecture.
SDTMA-NDN: Scientific data transfer management architecture using named data networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the promising future internet architectures, which focuses on the data rather than its location (IP/host-based system). NDN has several characteristics which facilitate addressing and routing the data: fail-over, in-network caching and load balancing. This makes it useful in areas such as managing scientific data across a distributed infrastructure. The CMS experiment on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) runs such an infrastructure and has a data access pattern amenable to content-centric networking. In this paper, we propose SDTMA-NDN (Scientific Data Transfer Management Architecture using NDN) to distribute CMS's software to worker-nodes and end-users. We build on top of CERN Virtual Machine File System (CVMFS), a global, distributed filesystem designed to be used with cache-friendly workloads. CVMFS maintain its data by using content-addressable storage, which makes it suitable for NDN and a reasonable starting point for CMS. We examine the effect of in-network caching of NDN on the latency, how NDN provides transparent path selection to avoid high latency in the path, and how it balances several paths for retrieving the data. We compare SDTMA-NDN to the HTTP proxies used in the existing CVMFS-Content distribution Network (CDN). We find that SDTMA-NDN is more resilient and outperforms CVMFS-CDN in the presence of network delays, while the CVMFS-CDN outperforms SDTMA-NDN in ideal cases where there is no delay.
Dynamic Shear Band Develoment in Thermally Softening Viscoplastic Materials

ABSTRACT The problem of the initiation and growth of an adiabatic shear band in a thermally softening viscoplastic block of material being deformed in plane strain compression at a nominal strain-rate of 5,000 per sec. is studied. It is found that a shear band initiates at the site of the defect and propagates in the direction of maximum shearing.
What did He (Bernheim) Say

Bernheim was not the first to call attention to the fact that suggestions can be effective in the absence of hypnosis or to claim that hypnosis itself is a product of suggestion. However, he does appear to have been the first to state explicitly that all hypnotic phenomena can be produced by suggestion in the absence of hypnosis. This important discovery is thus at least a hundred years old.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: An unusual presentation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a pediatric post-liver transplant patient.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare condition characterized by immune dysfunction with uncontrolled activation of macrophages and hypersecretion of cytokines, has only been reported in a small number of pediatric patients following solid organ transplant (SOT). The diagnosis of HLH after SOT is especially difficult, as several of the diagnostic criteria, including fever, splenomegaly, and cytopenias, are nonspecific and can be seen with other post-transplant complications. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has also been reported after pediatric SOT and is thought to be related to immunosuppression, specifically tacrolimus. Although HLH and AIHA have been separately described following SOT, there have been no reports of them occurring together in post-liver transplant (LT) patients. We report the first case of autoimmune hemolysis as the presenting symptom of HLH in a pediatric post-LT patient.
Effect of Fibre Content on Compressive Strength of Wheat Straw Reinforced Concrete for Pavement Applications

Many studies have been carried out on natural fiber reinforced concrete for the different civil engineering applications. Wheat Straw Reinforced Concrete (WSRC) is recently studied for pavement applications which resulted in improved toughness. This will ultimately help in reducing the micro-shrinkage and fatigue cracking in rigid pavements. The overall aim of the research program is to improve the rigid pavement construction techniques by using locally available natural fibres. In this work, compressive strength of WSRC is investigated experimentally by varying fiber contents i.e. 1%, 2% and 3%, by mass of wet concrete. The properties of WSRC are compared with that of Plain Concrete (PC). The compressive behavior, strength, energies absorbed and toughness indices of PC and WSRC are determined and discussed. It is observed that, under the compressive loading, the fragments of PC specimen are chipped off while in WSRC specimen only cracks are formed. It is concluded that compressive toughness index of WSRC is 71% more than that of PC. Based on the conclusions made, WSRC shows favorable results, therefore, future recommendations are to focus on optimization and durability of WSRC.
Prediction of damage location in composite plates using artificial neural network modeling

Composite is one of the most widely used industrial materials because of high strength, low weight, and high corrosion resistance properties. Different parts of composite structures are normally joined using adhesives or fasteners that are prone to defects and damages. A reliable method for prediction of the defect location is needed for an efficient structural health monitoring (SHM) process. Heterodyne effect is recently utilized for damage detection in the bonding zone of composite structures where debonding is expected to change the linear characteristics of the system into nonlinear characteristics. This paper briefly introduces this novel defect locating approach in composite plates using the heterodyne effect. For the first time, an Artificial Neural Network methodology is utilized with heterodyne effect method to find the defect location in composite plates. The main objective of this article is to develop a neural network based methodology for prediction of damage location, particularly for the bond inspection of composite plates.
The dimension spectrum of conformal graph directed Markov systems

In this paper we study the dimension spectrum of general conformal graph directed Markov systems modeled by countable state symbolic subshifts of finite type. We perform a comprehensive study of the dimension spectrum addressing questions regarding its size and topological structure. As a corollary we prove that the dimension spectrum of infinite conformal iterated function systems is compact and perfect. On the way we revisit the role of the parameter $$\theta $$ in graph directed Markov systems and we show that new phenomena arise. We also establish topological pressure estimates for subsystems in the abstract setting of symbolic dynamics with countable alphabets. These estimates play a crucial role in our proofs regarding the dimension spectrum, and they allow us to study Hausdorff dimension asymptotics for subsystems. Finally, we narrow our focus to the dimension spectrum of conformal iterated function systems and we prove, among other things, that the iterated function system resulting from the complex continued fractions algorithm has full dimension spectrum. As a result, we provide a positive answer to the Texan conjecture for complex continued fractions.
'The Law, and Not Conscience, Constitutes the Rule of Action': The South Bend Fugitive Slave Case and the Value of 'Justice Delayed'

In this article, Professor Finkelman discusses the South Bend Fugitive Slave case, an unusual example of northern resistance to the return of fugitive slaves: the slaves were peacefully released by a state judge after two hearings into their status rather than a dramatic rescue as there was in other cases of the day. However, Finkelman suggests that the case provides a useful framework for examining a variety of antebellum legal and social issues.
Investigating sensory processing in the pectines of the striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus

Scorpion pectines detect chemical and physical stimuli via thousands of peg sensilla on ground-facing teeth. Each sensillum has multiple neurons that detect stimuli and transmit neural impulses to the subesophageal ganglion (SEG) in the central nervous system. Anatomically, the organization of the pectinal neuropil in the SEG reflects the arrangement of pectinal teeth, suggesting conservation of information about stimulus location in the SEG. In this study, neural impulses from the pectinal nerve of the striped bark scorpion (Centruroides vittatus) were recorded in the pecten, abdominal cavity, and SEG using electrophysiology. Recordings from the right pectinal nerve in the pecten showed that right tooth stimulations elicit sensory activity milliseconds before motor feedback, while left tooth stimulations only evoked motor spikes, suggesting no contralateral afferent communication between pectines. In the abdominal cavity recordings, two distinct waveforms (PN1 and PN2) were detected in baseline activity; PN1 seemed to enhance the likelihood that PN2 would fire, suggesting a possible excitatory interaction. Recordings from the SEG showed that mechanically stimulating different pectinal teeth evoked different compound neural activity patterns in the same SEG location. Stimulating the same tooth in succession showed mechanosensory adaptation. These recordings show promise for continued electrophysiological investigations of the scorpion SEG, and, in particular, how information from the pectines is processed and used for orientation.
Early-life socioeconomic status, adolescent cognitive ability, and cognition in late midlife: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.

Abstract Although the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and late-life cognition is well-established, the mechanisms underlying this association are less clear. One important potential mediator seldom examined is adolescent cognitive ability. To address this gap, we examined 5,880 respondents from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, which follows a random sample of high school students who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957. Structural equation models were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of childhood SES on cognition in late midlife through adolescent cognitive ability, educational attainment, midlife economic condition, and midlife health. Cognitive function was measured as a latent variable composed of scores from 6 cognitive assessments including immediate and delayed recall, digit ordering, letter and category fluency, and a subset of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale similarities test. We found that childhood SES predicts cognition in late midlife, and this association is largely mediated by adolescent cognitive ability and educational attainment and to a lesser extent by midlife economic condition and health. The findings underscore the long-arm of childhood SES in cognitive function in later life and highlight the complex life-course pathways underlying the association between childhood SES and cognition.
Fused in sarcoma regulates DNA replication timing and progression

Fused in sarcoma (FUS) encodes a low complexity RNA-binding protein with diverse roles in transcriptional activation and RNA processing. While oncogenic fusions of FUS and transcription factor DNA-binding domains are associated with soft tissue sarcomas, dominant mutations in FUS cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). FUS has also been implicated in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) and genome maintenance. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we employed quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics, and DNA copy number analysis (Sort-Seq), in conjunction with FUS-/- cells to ascertain roles of FUS in genome protection. FUS-/- cells exhibited alterations in the recruitment and retention of DSBR factors BRCA1 and 53BP1 but were not overtly sensitive to genotoxins. By contrast, FUS-deficient cells had reduced proliferative potential that correlated with reduced replication fork speed, diminished loading of pre-replication complexes, and attenuated expression of S-phase associated genes. FUS interacted with lagging strand DNA synthesis factors and other replisome components, but did not translocate with active replication forks. Using a Sort-Seq workflow, we show that FUS contributes to genome-wide control of DNA replication timing and is essential for the early replication of transcriptionally active DNA. These findings illuminate new roles for FUS in DNA replication initiation and timing that may contribute to genome instability and functional defects in cells harboring disease-associated FUS fusions.
Microwave Cavity Simulation Using Ansys HFSS

The design of microwave cavity detectors for axion dark matter research is often accomplished using advanced full-wave electromagnetic simulation software tools. These tools provide a cost-effective approach to evaluate a wide variety of cavity configurations, frequency tuning mechanisms, and conductive or dielectric materials and coatings. One simulation software package used for this application is Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), which is based upon the well-established finite element method. HFSS includes numerous features useful for microwave cavity design such as parametric geometry modeling, adaptive meshing algorithm, curvilinear mesh elements, driven modal and eigenmode matrix solvers, and optimization algorithms. This paper describes the use of the HFSS software to simulate microwave cavities for axion haloscope detectors, with an example tutorial for a cylindrical cavity. Excellent agreement between the simulated and analytical results is shown for the resonant frequency, quality factor, and form factor.
Social Isolation and Mental Health: The Role of Nondirective and Directive Social Support

Social isolation is a powerful predictor of poor mental and physical health, while social support has been shown to be protective. The ways in which social support is provided may confer differential benefits. This research examines relationships among types of social support (nondirective, directive, emotional and instrumental), social isolation, and mental health outcomes (anxiety and depression) in a convenience sample of adults with common health problems recruited from all email accounts of a university. A survey distributed to a university-wide listserv that included faculty, staff, and students yielded an analyzable sample of 65. T-tests compared levels of anxiety and depression between socially isolated and non-socially isolated people. Regression models tested main effects of type of support as well as their interaction with social isolation. Levels of anxiety and depression were significantly higher among socially isolated people. When social support was factored in, the relationship between social isolation and anxiety was reduced, as was the relationship between social isolation and depression, suggesting that social support mediates these relationships. Furthermore, social isolation moderated relationships between some types of support and mental health outcomes. The association between greater nondirective emotional support and decreased anxiety was more pronounced among those who were socially isolated. Greater nondirective emotional support was significantly associated with decreased depression among socially isolated people, but the relationship was nonsignificant for those who were not socially isolated. Likewise, greater directive instrumental support was associated with lower depression only among those who were socially isolated. These results suggest that in addition to social support itself, the type of support may be important in reducing anxiety and depression among people who are socially isolated.
References On a Variant of Newton’s Method for Simple and Multiple Roots of Non Linear Equations

ABSTRACT In this paper the convergence behavior of a variant of Newton’s method based on the root mean square for solving nonlinear equations is proposed. The convergence properties of this method for solving non linear equations which have simple or multiple roots have been discussed and it is shown that it converges cubically to simple roots and linearly to multiple roots. Moreover, the values of the corresponding asymptotic error constants of convergence are determined. Theoretical results have been verified on the relevant numerical problems. A comparison of the efficiency of this method with other mean-based Newton’s methods is also included. Convergence behavior and error equations are also exhibited graphically for comparison on considering a particular example.
Cerebrovascular Disease Correlates With Longitudinal Brain Atrophy in Virally Suppressed Older People Living With HIV.

BACKGROUND Mild cognitive difficulties and progressive brain atrophy are observed in older people living with HIV (PLWH) despite persistent viral suppression. Whether cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume correspond to the observed progressive brain atrophy is not well understood. METHODS Longitudinal structural brain atrophy rates and WMH volume were examined among 57 HIV-infected participants and 40 demographically similar HIV-uninfected controls over an average (SD) of 3.4 (1.7) years. We investigated associations between CVD burden (presence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking history, and atrial fibrillation) and WMH with atrophy over time. RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 64.8 (4.3) years for PLWH and 66.4 (3.2) years for controls. Participants and controls were similar in age and sex (P > 0.05). PLWH were persistently suppressed (VL <375 copies/mL with 93% <75 copies/mL). The total number of CVD risk factors did not associate with atrophy rates in any regions of interests examined; however, body mass index independently associated with progressive atrophy in the right precentral gyrus (β = -0.30; P = 0.023), parietal lobe (β = -0.28; P = 0.030), and frontal lobe atrophy (β = -0.27; P = 0.026) of the HIV-infected group. No associations were found in the HIV-uninfected group. In both groups, baseline WMH was associated with progressive atrophy rates bilaterally in the parietal gray in the HIV-infected group (β = -0.30; P = 0.034) and the HIV-uninfected participants (β = -0.37; P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Body mass index and WMH are associated with atrophy in selective brain regions. However, CVD burden seems to partially contribute to progressive brain atrophy in older individuals regardless of HIV status, with similar effect sizes. Thus, CVD alone is unlikely to explain accelerated atrophy rates observed in virally suppressed PLWH. In older individuals, addressing modifiable CVD risk factors remains important to optimize brain health.
Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and work exposures among railroad maintenance-of-way workers.

Background Our objective was to examine occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hands among railroad maintenance-of-way (MOW) workers. Little systematic research on musculoskeletal disorders has been conducted in this occupational group. Methods In total, 3995 active members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Division (BMWED) completed a standardized survey focusing on disorders caused by hand-transmitted vibration. We computed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using Poisson regression for shoulder, elbow, carpal tunnel syndrome, and vibration white finger musculoskeletal symptoms by work exposures, adjusted for age, region, race/ethnicity, smoking, potential second job, and spare time vehicle vibration exposure, and other work exposures. Results Among active male BMWED members, we found associations between >5.2 years (vs. 0.0-0.7 years) duration of full-time equivalent power tool use and shoulder pain (aPR = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-2.85), elbow pain (aPR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.86-4.46), vibration white finger symptoms (aPR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.06-5.85), hand/wrist pain (aPR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.74-3.32), finger numbness or tingling (aPR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.38-2.50) and self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis (aPR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.24-3.77). Associations were not consistent across outcomes for the duration of non-powered hand tool use and "repeated lifting, pushing, pulling, or bending." Positive gradients were observed for most outcomes. Conclusions Hand-arm vibration and some other biomechanical exposures were associated with shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and finger symptoms. Prevention programs should address occupational risk factors for upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among MOW workers.
Contribution of the QCD Θ -term to the nucleon electric dipole moment

We present a calculation of the contribution of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}$-term to the neutron and proton electric dipole moments using seven $2+1+1$-flavor highly improved staggered quark ensembles. We also estimate the topological susceptibility for the $2+1+1$ theory to be ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{Q}=(66(9)(4)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}{)}^{4}$ in the continuum limit at ${M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=135\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. The calculation of the nucleon three-point function is done using Wilson-clover valence quarks. The $\overline{)\mathrm{CP}}$ form factor ${F}_{3}$ is calculated by expanding in small $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}$. We show that lattice artifacts introduce a term proportional to $a$ that does not vanish in the chiral limit, and we include this in our chiral-continuum fits. A chiral perturbation theory analysis shows that the $N(\mathbf{0})\ensuremath{\pi}(\mathbf{0})$ state should provide the leading excited-state contribution, and we study the effect of such a state. Detailed analysis of the contributions to the neutron and proton electric dipole moment using two strategies for removing excited-state contamination are presented. Using the excited-state spectrum from fits to the two-point function, we find ${d}_{n}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}$ is small, $|{d}_{n}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.01\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{fm}$, whereas for the proton we get $|{d}_{p}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}|\ensuremath{\sim}0.02\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{fm}$. On the other hand, if the dominant excited-state contribution is from the $N\ensuremath{\pi}$ state, then $|{d}_{n}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}|$ could be as large as $0.05\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{fm}$ and $|{d}_{p}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}|\ensuremath{\sim}0.07\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{fm}$. Our overall conclusion is that present lattice QCD calculations do not provide a reliable estimate of the contribution of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}$-term to the nucleon electric dipole moments, and a factor of 10 higher statistics data are needed to get better control over the systematics and possibly a $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ result.
Problems and promises in urban historical archaeology: The MARTA project

The America urban setting presents a variety of problems in the execution of archaeological surveys and assessments, while it also provides a promising and unique set of resources. Using the MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority) Project as an example, some of these problems and promises are discussed. Survey, testing, and mitigation procedures are described and evaluated. Also, consideration is given to the potential uses of the urban archaeological resource, with examples of hypothesis testing, pattern delineation, identification of formation processes, and public education.
Corruption and Legislatures

The control of corruption is an important element of governance and a stated goal of many governments. Legislative oversight is an acknowledged mechanism for controlling corruption, but little research has been undertaken on this subject, and national anticorruption strategies generally ignore the legislature. This article addresses the question of whether legislative oversight helps to curb perceived corruption, and if so, how. Statistical analysis using data from a global survey of 82 legislatures found that the presence of legislative oversight tools explains a major proportion of the variance in perceived levels of wrongdoing in countries with presidential forms of government, but much less in countries with semipresidential governments and less yet again in parliamentary systems. The analysis also found that the effectiveness of legislative oversight instruments varies by form of government. In presidential countries the most important instruments are committee hearings, hearings in plenary, and ombu...
The Product and Difference Fallacies for Indirect Effects

Political scientists often cite the importance of mechanism-specific causal knowledge, both for its intrinsic scientific value and as a necessity for informed policy. This article explains why two common inferential heuristics for mechanism-specific (i.e., indirect) effects can provide misleading answers, such as sign reversals and false null results, even when linear regressions provide unbiased estimates of constituent effects. Additionally, this article demonstrates that the inferential difficulties associated with indirect effects can be ameliorated with the use of stratification, interaction terms, and the restriction of inference to subpopulations (e.g., the indirect effect on the treated). However, indirect effects are inherently not identifiable—even when randomized experiments are possible. The methodological discussion is illustrated using a study on the indirect effect of Islamic religious tradition on democracy scores (due to the subordination of women).
AN ADVANCED ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

The functions, design and mode of operation of a new electronic control system for automatic transmissions are described. Apart from the dual- channel computer structure for safety functions used here for the first time for electronic transmission control, the principal features of the control unit are its capability of communication, its high level of self-diagnosis, and its modular structure. Furthermore, a new type of actuators has been developed in the form of pressure control solenoid valves. Gearshift programs depending on driving resistance reduce fuel consumption while ensuring optimum drivability. The control pressure required for maintaining a given target slip time is computed in advance with the aid of a simulation model of the transmission memorized in the electronic control unit. Deviations due to tolerances or ageing are compensated by adaptive correction of the control pressure. The automatic adaptation to changing conditions leads to a constantly high level of comfort in respect of gear-shifts over the entire transmission lifetime. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 853181.
Worsening of motor function in Parkinson's disease: a "typical" response to "atypical" antipsychotic medications.

Neuroleptic medications, which block dopamine receptors, are effective antipsychotic agents. They have, however, been fraught with adverse effects, particularly extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS). The new generation of antipsychotics are referred to as “atypical” antipsychotics because their antipsychotic actions are rarely associated with acute or subacute EPS in psychiatric populations.1 Psychosis occurs in approximately 20% of patients with PD who are treated with antiparkinsonian agents, and is the number one cause of nursing home placement.2 Patients with PD are, however, extremely sensitive to antidopaminergic actions of drugs. Until fairly recently, clinicians attempting to treat drug-induced psychosis in PD were in a quandary. Potential treatment strategies were limited to the equally unsatisfactory options of reducing the antiparkinsonian medications or using a neuroleptic, both of which generally worsened motor function. Recently, the “atypical” antipsychotic clozapine …
Endovascular Management of Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy Complication of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): Comprehensive Review and Clinical Practice Algorithm.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has evolved as an effective intervention for treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents have improved the patency of the shunts and diminished the incidence of TIPS dysfunction. However, TIPS-related refractory hepatic encephalopathy (rHE) poses a significant challenge. Approximately 3–7 % of patients with TIPS develop rHE. Refractory hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a recurrent or persistent encephalopathy despite appropriate medical treatment. Hepatic encephalopathy can be an extremely debilitating complication that profoundly affects quality of life. The approach to management of patients with rHE is complex and typically requires collaboration between different specialties. Liver transplantation is the ultimate treatment for rHE; however, the ongoing shortage of organ donation markedly limits this treatment option. Alternative therapies such as shunt occlusion or reduction can control symptoms and serve as a ‘bridge’ therapy to liver transplantation. Therefore, interventional radiologists play a key role in the management of these patients by offering a variety of endovascular techniques. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of these endovascular techniques and to develop a therapeutic algorithm that can be applied in clinical practice for the management of rHE.
The Role of the Police with the Mentally Ill

Police involvement with the mentally ill in the community has become, in recent years, a subject of increasing concern. Although the police have been recognized for some time as an important community mental health resource1, the increase in the number of mentally ill persons residing in the community has burdened the police with added responsibilities. This increase in the number of mentally ill persons residing in the community has been attributed to several factors: the growing emphasis on deinstitutionalization in the mental health field, the expansion of legal constraints regarding psychiatric treatment that includes stricter criteria for civil commitment and the extension of legal guidelines developed to protect the patient’s right to refuse treatment, and finally the steady reduction in available funding for mental health programs2. These factors have resulted in a situation in which not only has the number of mentally ill persons residing in the community increased over the past decade, but also many of the poorest treatment cases (that is, patients who have had multiple psychiatric hospitalizations and have been sent from one clinic to another only to be essentially “rejected” [considered untreatable] as “bad patients”3 or as “forfeited patients”4), ultimately decompensate and come to the attention of the police. If an individual becomes violent, disorderly, or violates the law, the police officer called to the scene has to decide whether the situation should be handled as a civil case by detaining the individual for psychiatric hospitalization, as a criminal case by arresting the individual, or as a case that can be resolved in one of a variety of informal ways by utilizing available resources.5
Inter-Subject Variability in Ground Reaction Force - Walking Speed Relationship Is Related to Different Motion of the Center of Mass

Walking programs provide an attractive intervention to address the preservation of bone mass in the aging population. Research suggests one in three women and one in five men over 50 will experience fractures due to osteoporosis [1,2]. Bone is a mechanically modulated tissue and thus, training programs that prescribe physical activities that dynamically load the skeleton through either muscle contractions (strength training) or locomotion (walking/running) would be expected to have a positive influence on bone mineral density (BMD) preservation. However, attempts to implement activity programs in populations at risk for developing osteoporosis to accrue or simply preserve bone mass have had limited success [3] due to a variable response between subjects. It has been suggested that the failure of these programs to significantly influence bone mass or density may be due to individual differences in the loads generated by the prescribed exercise regimes and/or the knowledge of specific types, intensities and volumes needed for effective osteogenic exercise. Walking, a simple, common activity, presents an interesting opportunity to examine the potential for individual differences in the style of walking to explain the variability in individual results to training programs designed to preserve bone density.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Fair use in a pay-per-use world

Abstract This paper examines the fundamental nature of copyright in the academic setting and particularly fair use for the purpose of scholarship. The author first examines scholarly communication and fair use in the print environment, concluding that the former is becoming increasingly inefficient and ineffective and that the latter is a confusing legal doctrine, at best. He then explores pay-per-use technology and the potential difficulties involved in maintaining fair use in a pay-per-view world. While new technologies, such as pay-per-use technologies, could improve certain aspects of scholarly communication, they also could obstruct fair use. The author considers potential legal responses to technological restriction of fair use, including an evolution of fair use from legal defense to legal right.
Fitting Engagement Into a Nomological Network The Relationship of Engagement to Leadership and Personality

Engagement is an emerging job attitude that has been theoretically linked to both leadership and personality variables as well as important work outcomes. However, given the variations in construct...
Ethenolysis Reactions Catalyzed by Imido Alkylidene Monoaryloxide Monopyrrolide (MAP) Complexes of Molybdenum

Monoaryloxide-pyrrolide (MAP) olefin metathesis catalysts of molybdenum that contain a chiral bitetralin-based aryloxide ligand are efficient for ethenolysis of methyl oleate, cyclooctene, and cyclopentene. Ethenolysis of 5000 equiv of methyl oleate produced 1-decene (1D) and methyl-9-decenoate (M9D) with a selectivity of >99%, yields up to 95%, and a TON (turnover number) of 4750 in 15 h. Tungstacyclobutane catalysts gave yields approximately half those of molybdenum catalysts, either at room temperature or at 50 °C, although selectivity was still >99%. Ethenolysis of 30 000 equiv of cyclooctene to 1,9-decadiene could be carried out with a TON of 22 500 at 20 atm (75% yield), while ethenolysis of 10 000 equiv of cyclopentene to 1,6-heptadiene could be carried out with a TON of 5800 at 20 atm (58% yield). There is no reason to propose that the efficiency of ethenolysis has been maximized with the most successful catalyst reported here.
Pulse shaping for mode-selective ultrafast coherent Raman spectroscopy of highly scattering solids

We report on mode-selective ultrafast coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) of a powder of sodium dipicolinate. We produce a pair of stretched laser pulses with precisely adjusted matching chirp rates. We use the pulses for frequency-resolved excitation of coherent molecular vibrations in this highly scattering medium. The induced oscillations are probed with the third delayed ultrashort laser pulse. Since the attained spectral width of the pump-Stokes excitation band is on the order of the spacing between the Raman lines, time-resolved CARS measurements reveal single-mode as well as double-mode coherence decay dynamics, depending on the timing between the pump and Stokes pulses. For a fixed probe pulse delay, the sweeping of the arrival time for one of the preparation pulses maps out the CARS spectrum of the analyte.
Long-term use of the CentriMag® Ventricular Assist System as a right ventricular assist device: A case report

Right ventricular failure (RVF) following implantation of a left ventricular assist system (LVAS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality.1-4 Numerous centers have reported short-term use of the CentriMag® Ventricular Assist System (CVAS) (Levitronix LLC, Waltham, MA) for treatment of cardiogenic shock, decompensated heart failure and right ventricular failure (RVF) following LVAS implantation.5-9 The present report reviews the clinical course of a patient requiring long-term right ventricular support utilizing the CVAS, following a HeartMate® II LVAS (Thoratec Corp. Pleasanton, CA) implantation. Elevated cytotoxic antibody levels complicated the patient’s treatment plan by precluding orthotropic heart transplantation. The CVAS operated for 304 days without mechanical difficulty until replaced with the HeartWare® Ventricular Assist System (HeartWare Inc. Miramar, FL).
The degree of nonholonomy in distributed computations

A network of locally interacting agents can be thought of as performing a distributed computation. But not all computations can be faithfully distributed. This paper discusses which global linear transformations can be computed in finite time using local weighting rules, i.e., rules which rely solely on information from adjacent nodes in a network. Additionally, it is shown that the degree of nonholonomy of the computation can be related to the underlying information exchange graph. The main result states that the degree of nonholonomy of the system dynamics is equal to D − 1 where D is the diameter of the information exchange graph. An optimal control problem is solved for finding the local interaction rules, and a simulation is performed to elucidate how optimal solutions can be obtained.