cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neonatal renal vein thrombosis: Role of anticoagulation and thrombolysis—An institutional review

Neonatal renal vein thrombosis (NRVT) is a rare thromboembolic complication in the neonatal period, and sequelae from renal dysfunction can cause significant morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed 10 patients with NRVT treated at their institution. The majority of the cohort were male (n = 9), preterm (n = 6), and had unilateral NRVT (n = 6). Six patients received thrombolysis and/or anticoagulation, and 4 patients received supportive care only. Two of the 6 patients treated with anticoagulation who had bilateral NRVT and anuria received thrombolysis with low-dose tissue plasminogen activator. Thrombolysis was not associated with any major adverse events, and both patients had marked improvement of renal function. Eight patients subsequently developed renal atrophy (3 received anticoagulation, 2 received thrombolysis with anticoagulation, and 3 received supportive care). Anticoagulation/thrombolysis did not appear to prevent renal atrophy. The role of thrombolysis needs to be further studied and considered in the setting of bilateral NRVT and acute renal failure.
School Leadership for Dual Language Education: A Social Justice Approach

AbstractThis article examines how a dual language program can be developed within the framework of social justice leadership. The authors analyzed principal, teacher, and parent interview transcripts as well as field notes and key documents to understand the role of school leadership in creating inclusive dual language programs to close the Latina/o–White achievement gap. Findings suggest the importance of family–teacher support, multiple stakeholder perspectives, teacher recruitment, and ongoing professional development and program evaluation.
The history of immediate hypersensitivity.

Reports of the phenomenon date back to antiquity. In this century the focus has been its molecular basis. Recent developments include identification of IgE and an enhanced understanding of how B cells are turned to produce reagin antibodies and how mast cells react. The new biotechnology is rapidly defining all the effector molecules that initiate and implement allergic reactions.
A LOGICAL APPROACH TO THE INJECTION TREATMENT OF VARICOSE AND SPIDER VEINS

The incurable nature of varicose veins mandates a re-evaluation of excisional surgery both as appropriate therapy and as the gold standard against which to judge alternative treatments. An injection techniques has been developed which enables synchronous in situ obliteration of all varicose veins and superficial venous ectasia, regardless of their size or extent, and eliminates the need to identify incompetent perforators. The results of 742 patients (1,425 legs) were evaluated retrospectively from two to 12 years following initial therapy. All patients experienced total relief of painful symptoms and 95% were very pleased with the final appearance. Some residual brown pigmentation or a scar from an injection ulcer were the reasons for less than total satisfaction in the remaining 5%. None regretted having undergone the procedure. Because of the difficulty in sustaining compression in the inguinal area, 6% of patients required a concomitant sapheno-femoral disconnection under local anesthesia immediately prior to injection therapy, but none required stripping. The results repudiate the generally held belief that injection therapy is only of value for treating postsurgical recurrences, or for eliminating small varicosities and superficial capillary ectasia (spider veins) for cosmetic improvement.
Risk-Aware Management of Virtual Resources in Access Controlled Service-Oriented Cloud Datacenters

For economic benefits and efficient management of resources, organizations are increasingly moving towards the paradigm of “cloud computing” by which they are allowed on-demand delivery of hardware, software and data as services. However, there are many security challenges which are particularly exacerbated by the multitenancy and virtualization features of cloud computing that allow sharing of resources among potentially untrusted tenants in access controlled cloud datacenters. This can result in increased risk of data leakage. To address this risk vulnerability, we propose an efficient risk-aware virtual resource assignment mechanism for clouds multitenant environment. In particular, we introduce the notion of sensitivity in datacenters and the objective is to minimize the risk of data leakage. In addition, the risk should not exceed in high sensitivity datacenters in comparison to low sensitivity datacenters. We present three assignment heuristics and compare their relative performance.
Two Significant Records of Exotic Tropical Freshwater Fishes in Southern Alabama

Abstract Incidental observations of aquatic exotic species may represent important early indicators of established populations. Herein we report ecologically significant observations of 2 exotic fish taxa in southern Alabama—Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus x pardalis (Amazon Sailfin Catfish) and Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Our observations establish the presence and confirm reproduction, respectively, of these species in the state.
Abstract 3671: Loading and molecular labeling of cell-specific exosomes by HDL-like AuNPs

Exosomes are 30-100 nm diameter lipid vesicles produced by most cells. Exosomes carry diverse cargo, such as RNA and proteins. Cancer cells produce an abundant amount of exosomes, which are released from cells of the primary tumor into the tumor microenvironment and the circulation. Data show that exosomes can promote cancer progression and metastasis by delivering, for instance, pro-metastatic factors to pre-metastatic sites. It is not currently possible to specifically separate tumor-derived exosomes from complex matrices. This ability would provide a better understanding of their contribution to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Furthermore, the targeting properties of exosomes make them appealing vehicles for encapsulating and delivering therapeutic cargo. However, it is challenging to isolate and then load exosomes with specific drugs. Uniquely, our data reveal that synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (HDL NPs) can be tailored to achieve cell-specific exosome labeling and loading of therapeutic cargo. HDL NPs are synthesized using a 5 nm diameter spherical gold nanoparticle. The gold NP serves as a template to control size and shape. Apolipoprotein A-I and phospholipids are conjugated to the gold surface, yielding a synthetic HDL NP similar in size, shape, surface chemistry, and function to some natural HDLs. Our data demonstrate that, upon addition of HDL NPs to cultured CWR 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, they are packaged into exosomes that are secreted from these cells. Furthermore, HDL NPs made using phospholipids functionalized with either biotin or fluorophore molecules leads to the incorporation of the phospholipids into the exosomes. Thus, the specific cell-derived exosomes are labeled with gold, a molecular fluorophore label, and/or biotin. In each case, the specific exosomes are easy to isolate using methods such as fluorescent isolation or by the robust streptavidin-biotin interaction. Isolated exosomes retain the same size and molecular markers as exosomes from untreated cells. Overall, this unique method may provide control over exosomes for a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Citation Format: Nicholas L. Angeloni, Kaylin M. McMahon, C. Shad Thaxton. Loading and molecular labeling of cell-specific exosomes by HDL-like AuNPs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3671. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3671
Systems Research Framework

In this chapter, we make the proposal that a system is a whole unit of nature. We then propose a systems research framework, specifically the PAR Holon Framework that can yield a holistic form of systems analysis. By whole is meant a natural unit that is a self-related cycle of causes. The concept of systems has been around since the earliest philosophical records. To date, we do not have a widely accepted definition. The schema we present is based on the work of the mathematical biologist Robert Rosen and it follows, with important modifications, the causal and categorical definitions given by Aristotle. The resulting four-quadrant, four-category framework is then described and related to other meta-system frameworks that exist independently in many disciplines. There are two keys to understanding this framework. One is that since Aristotle we have thought of causality in a dualistic, hierarchical way, with ultimately unknowable causes at the top and inert substance at the bottom. Natural science has focused on the bottom half and humanistic and social sciences have focused on the top. Prior to Greek philosophy, however, in nondual philosophy, these same causes were described as a self-related cycle, giving a holographic view of reality. By reinventing the causal cycle in mathematical terms we remove the problem of unnatural causes. The entirely natural treatment of the four causes then lends itself to mathematical rigor and many applications in science, humanism, and other fields. Examples and worksheets are provided to help introduce the reader to this highly systemic way of thinking.
The differential impact of oxytocin receptor gene in violence-exposed boys and girls

Childhood violence exposure is a prevalent public health problem. Understanding the lasting impact of violence requires an enhanced appreciation for the complex effects of violence across behavioral, physiologic, and molecular outcomes. This subject matched, cross-sectional study of 80 children explored the impact of violence exposure across behavioral, physiologic, and cellular outcomes. Externalizing behavior, diurnal cortisol rhythm, and telomere length (TL) were examined in a community recruited cohort of Black youth. Given evidence that genetic variation contributes to individual differences in response to the environment, we further tested whether a polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) moderated associations between violence and youth outcomes. Exposure to violence was directly associated with increased externalizing behavior, but no direct association of violence was found with cortisol or TL. Oxytocin genotype, however, moderated the association between violence and both cortisol and TL, suggesting that pathways linked to oxytocin may contribute to individual differences in the physiologic and molecular consequences of violence exposure. Sex differences with OXTR in cortisol and TL outcomes were also detected. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are complex pathways through which violence exposure impacts children, and that these pathways differ by both genetic variation and the sex of the child.
Literacy in Citizenship Preparatory Classes

ABSTRACTBeliefs and theories about literacy, from traditional literacy to multiliteracies to critical literacy, contain assumptions and ideologies about what it means to be literate. In the realm of U.S. citizenship, naturalization requires a certain level of English literacy and knowledge of history/civics, ascertained by a standardized interview. This article investigates views and practices of literacy in the naturalization test and citizenship preparatory classes. Ethnographic observations of three such classes indicate that English literacy is taught as discrete, decontextual, and superficial, and accuracy is accentuated over fluency. Overlooked, but equally important to become a naturalized citizen, are de facto literacy practices such as participation in high-stakes institutional discourse. In concluding that neither citizenship classes nor the citizenship test promote critical literacy or citizenship, I end with suggestions for promoting a more active and critical citizenry.
Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract as primary palliation for Fallot-type lesions

To describe the institutional experience, technical aspects and outcome of stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in the initial palliation of symptomatic patients with severely limited pulmonary blood flow. Retrospective case note and procedure review of patients undergoing stenting of the RVOT over a 10 year period at a quarternary institution. Between 2005 and 2014, 76 selected patients underwent cardiac catheterization with the aim to implant a stent into an obstructed RVOT to improve pulmonary blood flow. Median age at stent implantation was 57 (range 4–406) days and median weight was 3.4 (1.7–12.2) kg. Seventy-two patients underwent stent implantation. Median procedure time was 53 (23–260) and fluoroscopy time 14 (5.2–73) minutes. Stents were implanted through either 4 F or 6 F sheaths. Median stent diameter was 5 (4–7) mm and stent length 16 (12–24) mm. There was one procedural death (1.4%) and one emergency surgery (1.4%). Saturations increased from 70 (52–83)% to 93(81–100)% [p < 0.001]. Within 30 days, two patients required early shunts due to inadequate palliation and two died from non-cardiac causes. Stenting of the RVOT is an effective treatment option in the initial palliation of selected patients with very reduced pulmonary blood flow due to severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
On Target Control for High Purity Distillation Processes

Abstract In the past many chemical products and intermediates had one sided specifications. Quality product had concentrations of impurities at or below a specified limit. Under these conditions control can be achieved by over purification with minimal levels of automation. Because of the recent emphasis on product quality and consistency many customers are requiring on-aim control. This means controlling impurities at a target or setpoint with minimal variation around the target. Many purification processes are highly nonlinear and difficult to control. The addition of on-aim control makes development and design of process control systems very difficult. In this paper we describe how on-aim control changes our operating objectives. We show how we use first principle modeling and plant operating data from test runs to develop an accurate dynamic simulation of a distillation process. The model allows us to investigate the affects of disturbances, sample intervals, non-linearities, and recycle streams. We then use the model simulations with real operating test runs to help us understand the unusual behavior of the process. With this understanding we develop and test a simple effective control strategy in the operating plant.
Pharmacokinetics of Cefotaxime during CAPD

Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime have been studied in five patients undergoing CAPD. Given IV the t 1/2 was 2.12 h and Clp, was 91 ml/ min, CCAPD contributing only 1.7 ml/min. The distribution space was 0.19 1/Kg. With IP administration the values differed somewhat, possibly because of the effect of residual dialysate. The metabolite, desacetyl cefotaxime, had a t 1/2 of about 24 h. Dialysate concentrations of the drug and its metabolite were detectable for at least 18 h.
Flavor characteristics of soy products modified by proteases and alpha-galactosidase

Improved flavor characteristics of soy protein hydrolysates are needed so that soy protein ingredients with valuable properties can be used in food applications. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the aroma and flavor alteration of soy protein hydrolysates using descriptive analysis (DA). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and differences were determined (p<0.05). Sensory panelists (12) described differences in extruded-expelled soy flour (EESF) hydrolysates, particularly fishy, nutty, toasted, sweet, grassy beany, raw beany, bitter, and astringent attributes. Greater fishy aroma was detected in jet-cooked treatments of EESF compared to uncooked treatments. Control and MultifectNeutral (MN)-modified EESF samples were more fishy than bromelain and Experimental Exopeptidase-C (EEC) treatments. For flavor attributes, bromelain hydrolysate was no different than the control. EEC and MN treatments had less sweetness and more intense grassy-beany flavor, astringency and bitterness than the control. MN-modified EESF was the most bitter and had the least nutty and toasted flavors among samples. A trained panel (10) evaluated sweetness and bitterness of EESF treated with MN and α-galactosidase (α-GAL). The non-digestible sugar in EESF hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase (α-GAL) increased sweetness and decreased bitterness of MN-modified EESF. α-GAL modification could be used to mask the bitterness of soy protein hydrolysates. Eleven trained panelists evaluated 3 protease-modified soy protein isolates (SPI) samples and un-hydrolyzed control with highand low-protein dispersibility indices (PDI). Highand low-PDI SPIs were similar in most of the sensory attributes, but low-PDI SPI had more raw beany and bitter flavors than high-PDI SPI. SPI and soy flour hydrolyzed by MN were the most bitter and astringent and lowest in sweetness than other enzyme treatments. FPC-modified SPI had higher cooked beany flavor,
Socioeconomic Variables of Patients with Spasmodic Dysphonia: A Preliminary Study.

Summary Objectives/Hypothesis To characterize socioeconomic status (SES) variables of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) patients and determine their impact on voice outcomes after treatment with botulinum toxin. Study Design Retrospective review. Materials and Methods SD patients treated with botulinum toxin for the past 10 years (July 2007–July 2017) for whom sufficient SES and outcome data were available were included. Spearman rho nonparametric correlation coefficients were calculated to determine if SES variables were significantly associated with self-perceived vocal quality. Voice Handicap Index-10 was recorded. Patients were asked at each visit to rate their best voice quality during the period of previous botulinum toxin injection on a scale of 1–10, with 10 being the best. Results Fifty SD patients were included. Average age was 60.3 ± 11.4 years, with men representing 24% of patients. Ethnicity was 74% Caucasian and 26% non-Caucasian. Median household income was $76,564 ± $24,782. Sixty-six percent of patients were employed. Adductor SD was diagnosed in 82% of patients and abductor SD in 12%. Best voice out of 10 was 7.23 ± 2.0. Mean Voice Handicap Index-10 score was 25.14 ± 9.4. Patients were treated with botulinum toxin for 165.9 ± 101.9 months. Age, gender, median household income, ethnicity, and employment status were not significantly associated with self-perceived vocal quality. Patients with longer disease duration self-reported a better voice (P = 0.02, r = 0.387). Conclusions SES variables were not associated with voice outcomes for SD patients treated with botulinum toxin. Patients self-reported improved voice with longer duration of disease.
Misspecification in Latent Change Score Models: Consequences for Parameter Estimation, Model Evaluation, and Predicting Change

Latent change score models (LCS) are conceptually powerful tools for analyzing longitudinal data (McArdle & Hamagami, 2001). However, applications of these models typically include constraints on k...
Herd Invisibility: The Psychology of Racial Privilege:

Despite overwhelming evidence of its existence, White privilege has received relatively little attention in psychological science. However, given the chronic and pervasive benefits tied to racial privilege, it stands to reason that living with such privilege affects Whites’ everyday psychology. Here, we explore this psychology of privilege, connecting Whites’ everyday experiences and behaviors to underlying motivations (i.e., innocence and maintenance) shaped by their privileged position in the social hierarchy. We shed light on Whites’ use of strategies designed to protect their sense of innocence and, importantly, the consequences of these individual actions in aggregate. Specifically, we aim to resolve the tension between Whites’ motivated blindness in response to evidence of privilege and their everyday experience of privilege as invisible. We argue that privilege is not inherently invisible; rather, Whites use cloaking strategies to address the discomfort associated with naked privilege. We further s...
Frantz Fanon’s Psychology of Black Consciousness

This chapter provides a theoretical analysis of Frantz Fanon’s psychiatric, philosophical, and revolutionary thought as a clinical practitioner, polemicist, and soldier dedicated to nurturing, individual and collective self-emancipatory praxis among the colonized peoples of the Global South. Fanon’s, Black Skin, White Masks refutes Euromodern psychiatric formulations of the Black as innately diseased and, instead, reveals the socially generated phenomenon of anti-black racism as the root of the Black’s perceived mental illness. This sociogenic analysis and decolonial method provides a critical foundation for Fanon’s clinical and theoretical innovations. For Fanon, Black consciousness is the psychological manifestation of liberatory self-actualization; the psychic movement away from the reductive, racial designation of ‘the black,’ to the self-affirming identification of ‘the Black,’ an actional agent catalyzing revolutionary socio-political change.
Three-dimensional structures of human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes reveal the molecular basis for their functional diversity.

Seven distinct genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1-ADH7) have been identified in humans (Edenberg and Bosron, 1996). The ADH1-ADH5 and ADH7 genes code for the α, β, γ, π, χ, and σ subunits, respectively. A protein product from the ADH6 gene has not been identified in vivo. The individual subunits share between 58% and 93% sequence identity. The π, χ and σ subunits are known to form only active homodimers in vivo, while the α, β, γ subunits can form active homo- and heterodimers (Edenberg and Bosron, 1996). Additional complexity is contributed by polymorphism at the ADH2 gene locus giving rise to β1 β2, and β3 subunits and at the ADH3 gene locus giving rise to γ1, and γ2 subunits. The products of the seven different human ADH gene loci have been grouped into five classes based on their amino acid sequence and functional characteristics (Edenberg and Bosron, 1996). The human αα, ββ, and γγ isoenzymes comprise Class I and are characterized by a relatively high Vmax/KM for ethanol, are primarily expressed in the liver, and are sensitive to inhibition by pyrazole and its 4-substituted derivatives in the low μM range. The Class I isoenzymes share approximately 93% sequence identity with each other. The human Class II, or ππ, isoenzyme possesses a lower Vmax/KM for ethanol than the Class I enzymes, is primarily localized in the liver, and is less sensitive to inhibition by pyrazole. The Class II isoenzyme shares 58% sequence identity with the Class I isoenzymes. The human Class III, or χχ isoenzyme, is non-saturable with ethanol as a substrate, is constitutively expressed in all cell and tissue types, and is insensitive to inhibition by pyrazole. The human Class III isoenzyme shares 59% sequence identity to either the Class I or Class II isoenzymes and was shown to be identical to the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which oxidizes the hydrated adduct of formaldehyde and glutathione, S-hydroxymethyl-glutathione, to S-formyl-glutathione (Koivusalo et al., 1989, Kaiser, et al., 1991).
Relational data management and modeling systems: a tutorial

The purpose of this tutorial is to offer an overview of the relational model and relational database management systems (RDBMS) with particular emphasis on how they can be used in a management science/operations research (MS/OR) context. There are two underlying themes to the presentation which is intended as a companion piece to another paper included in this volume [11]: 1. RDBMS provide significantly better data analysis tools than are currently available in most MS/OR modeling systems, and 2. RDBMS are vehicles for assimilating modeling resources into an organization’s information resource environment; the forces and principles which have resulted in the data management philosophy are equally valid for modeling as well.
Modeling the Stochastic Nature of Gene Regulation With Boolean Networks

Abstract Gene expression profiles exhibit variability due to stochasticity in cellular processes such as transcription and translation. This variability results in probabilistic dynamics, where under the same conditions one may observe slightly or very different responses. A comprehensive analysis of the stochasticity in cellular processes is an important challenge in systems biology because biological networks are large and complex. Boolean networks are popular models for gene regulation due to their intuitive approach and relative simplicity for analysis. To incorporate the stochasticity of gene regulatory processes into the models, several stochastic extensions of the deterministic Boolean network framework have been developed. For simplicity of the presentation, we will focus on a class of stochastic models which we will refer to as Stochastic Discrete Dynamical Systems. However, the methods discussed in this chapter can also be applied in other stochastic settings such as Probabilistic Boolean Networks. This chapter will cover three important problems in stochastic discrete modeling: (1) long-term dynamical properties, (2) parameter estimation techniques, and finally, (3) optimal control methods and their limitations.
Application of plasmonic nanoprobes for SERS sensing and imaging of biotargets in plant systems

The knowledge over gene expression dynamics and location in plants is crucial for applications ranging from basic biological research to agricultural biotechnology (e.g., biofuel development). However, current methods cannot provide in vivo dynamic detection of genomic targets in plants. This limitation is due to the complex sample preparation needed by current methods for nucleic acids detection, which disrupt spatial and temporal resolution. We report the development of a unique multimodal method based on plasmonics-active nanoprobes, referred to inverse molecular sensitnels capable of in vivo imaging and biosensing of microRNA biotargets within whole plant using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. This work lays the foundations for in vivo functional imaging of RNA biotargets in plants with previously unmet spatial and temporal resolution for many applications ranging from agricultural biotechnology to biofuel research.
Eye-Drop Abstinence in Glaucoma Patients Admitted to the Hospital Service: A Single Institution Assessment.

Purpose Anecdotally, many patients admitted to an inpatient general medicine service do not have their glaucoma eye drops started. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of eye-drop abstinence after inpatient admission. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. Participants Four hundred seventy-five patients admitted to the general medicine regional hospital service from January 2016 through February 2018 with a known past medical diagnosis of or active outpatient medications for glaucoma. Methods The combination of an administrative database and cross-referenced patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, past medical problems, inpatient orders, intake history and physical, length of stay, and admitting diagnosis. Main Outcome Measures The effect of (1) outpatient glaucoma drops reconciliation and (2) recognition of glaucoma as a pertinent past medical problem in a patient’s intake history and physical on inpatient eye-drop administration. The overall rate of eye-drop abstinence also was recorded. Results Of 475 patients, 46.3% were women, with an average age of 80.2 years (standard deviation, 11.1 years). Average length of stay was 4.61 days (standard deviation, 3.7 days). In total, 63.8% achieved successful administration of medication on the hospital floor, resulting in a 36.2% eye-drop abstinence rate during the hospital stay. Three hundred eighty-six of 475 patients (81.3%) achieved successful glaucoma medication reconciliation. Patients with successful reconciliation had a significantly different rate of eye-drop administration (73.3% vs. 21.0%; P ≤ 0.001). Recognition of glaucoma in the history and physical occurred in only 42.5% of patients. There was a significant difference in eye-drop administration when glaucoma was included in the history and physical (75.7% vs. 55.0%; P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Glaucoma treatment incurs a high rate of medication noncompliance, especially in the elderly. The present study demonstrates that more than one third of patients admitted to an academic medical center do not receive their glaucoma medications. Patients discharged to nursing homes, subacute rehabilitation, and assisted living facilities rely on appropriate discharge medication reconciliation, resulting in forced abstinence during transition of care. An emphasis on appropriate medical reconciliation and recognition of glaucoma as a pertinent past medical problem will improve rates of eye-drop discontinuation on inpatient admission significantly.
Atlantic Disjuncture: Recent Historiography of Transoceanic Diasporas, Communities, and Empires

This essay reviews the following works: Staying Afloat: Risk and Uncertainty in Spanish Atlantic World Trade, 1760–1820. By Jeremy Baskes. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 381. $54.57 hardcover. ISBN: 9780804785426. The Material Atlantic: Clothing, Commerce, and Colonization in the Atlantic World, 1650–1800. By Robert S. DuPlessis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 332. $29.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781107105911. The Temptations of Trade: Britain, Spain, and the Struggle for Empire. By Adrian Finucane. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. Pp. 1 + 211. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812248128. Guiana and the Shadows of Empire: Colonial and Cultural Negotiations at the Edge of the World. By Joshua R. Hyles. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014. Pp. ix + 185. $76.56 hardcover. ISBN: 9780739187791. The Portuguese-Speaking Diaspora: Seven Centuries of Literature and the Arts. By Darlene J. Sadlier. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. Pp. 314. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477311486. Amsterdam’s Atlantic: Print Culture and the Making of Dutch Brazil. By Michiel van Groesen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. Pp. xx + 272. $47.50 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812248661.
New markers for sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during burn infection

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in burn patients. One of the major causes of sepsis in burn patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that during dissemination from infected burn wounds and subsequent sepsis, P. aeruginosa affects the metabolome of the blood resulting in changes to specific metabolites that would serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis caused by P. aeruginosa. To identify specific biomarkers in the blood after sepsis caused by P. aeruginosa infection of burns. Gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to compare the serum metabolome of mice that were thermally injured and infected with P. aeruginosa (B–I) to that of mice that were neither injured nor infected, mice that were injured but not infected, and mice that were infected but not injured. Serum levels of 19 metabolites were significantly increased in the B–I group compared to controls while levels of eight metabolites were significantly decreased. Thymidine, thymine, uridine, and uracil (related to pyrimidine metabolism), malate and succinate (a possible sign of imbalance in the tricarboxylic acid cycle), 5-oxoproline (related to glutamine and glutathione metabolism), and trans-4-hydroxyproline (a major component of the protein collagen) were increased. Products of amino acid metabolism were significantly decreased in the B–I group, including methionine, tyrosine, indole-3-acetate, and indole-3-propionate. In all, 26 metabolites were identified, including a unique combination of five metabolites (trans-4-hydroxyproline, 5-oxoproline, glycerol-3-galactoside, indole-3-acetate, and indole-3-propionate) that could serve as a set of biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis caused by P. aeruginosa in burn patients.
Intramuscular Aminotetrazole Cobinamide as a Treatment for Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning in a Large Swine Model

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a high-threat chemical agent, occurs naturally in a variety of settings. Despite multiple incidents of exposures and deaths, no FDA-approved antidote exists. A rapid-acting, easy to administer antidote is needed. We conducted a randomized control trial in swine comparing intramuscular administration of aminotetrazole cobinamide (2.9 mL, 18 mg/kg) to no treatment following inhalation of H2 S gas. We found that aminotetrazole cobinamide administered 2 min after the onset of respiratory depression-defined as a tidal volume of less than 3 mL/kg for 2 consecutive minutes-yielded 100% survival, while all control animals died. Respiratory depression resolved in the treatment group within 3.6 ± 1.5 min (mean ± SD) of cobinamide administration, whereas control animals had intermittent gasping until death. Blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation (SO2 ) returned to baseline values within 5 and 10 min, respectively, of cobinamide treatment, and plasma lactate concentration decreased to less than 50% of the highest value by the end of the experiment. In control animals, plasma lactate rose continuously until death. We conclude that intramuscular aminotetrazole cobinamide is effective in a large animal, inhalational model of acute, severe H2 S poisoning.
Korea since 1945

The Korean War The Cold War first erupted into heated conflict on the Korean peninsula, and the Cold War lingers on still today in Korea long after it has passed into history almost everywhere else. That the first great global crisis of the Cold War era began in Korea was a direct consequence of Allied dispositions at the end of World War II. During that war, the U.S. State Department had contemplated the possibility of a four-power trusteeship to administer the Korean peninsula following its anticipated postwar liberation from Japanese colonial rule. President Roosevelt briefly discussed such plans with the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at their wartime Yalta conference – President Roosevelt even suggesting that such a trusteeship might need to continue for some twenty or thirty years. But Korea received so little wartime American attention that in 1945 the U.S. Secretary of State reportedly even had to ask someone where Korea is. Japan then surrendered sooner than many people had expected, leaving the United States almost totally unprepared for any immediate action in Korea. Meanwhile, Soviet Russian troops had already entered the peninsula from the north on August 9, 1945, during the final days of World War II. The first U.S. occupation forces in Korea did not arrive in the south until September 8, a full month later. The arriving American GIs found, as one report to the State Department concluded on September 15, “a powder keg ready to explode at the application of a spark.” Amid the gathering signs of what would soon become an open cold war rivalry between the two former World War II Allies, the United States and the Soviet Union, there was a not unreasonable fear in Washington that the Soviets might press their early advantage to overrun the entire Korean peninsula. A joint partition of Korea was therefore hastily arranged, and it was actually the U.S. Pentagon that somewhat arbitrarily decided on the thirty-eighth parallel – a mere line on a Pentagon office wall map, reflecting no particular preexisting cultural or geographic conditions – as the point of division between the U.S. and Soviet zones. Meanwhile, throughout the Korean peninsula, so-called People's Committees had quickly organized themselves in the wake of Japan's surrender.
Delaying ACL Reconstruction Beyond 6 months from Injury Impacts Likelihood for Clinically Significant Outcome Improvement

Objectives:A growing number of investigations have demonstrated the negative impact of delaying treatment on clinical and radiographic outcomes in orthopedic surgery. However, the effect of delayed...
Solving Community SARS-CoV-2 Testing With Telehealth: Development and Implementation for Screening, Evaluation and Testing.

Background: Telehealth has emerged as a crucial component of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emergency response. Simply stated, telehealth is a tool to provide health care from a distance. Jefferson Health has leveraged its acute care telehealth platform to screen, order testing, and manage patients with COVID-19–related concerns. Objective: This study aims to describe the expansion and results of using a telehealth program to increase access to care while minimizing additional potential exposures during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Screening algorithms for patients with SARS-CoV-2–related complaints were created, and 150 new clinicians were trained within 72 hours to address increased patient demand. Simultaneously, Jefferson Health created mobile testing sites throughout eastern Pennsylvania and the southern New Jersey region. Visit volume, the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests ordered, and the number of positive tests were evaluated, and the volume was compared with preceding time periods. Results: From March 8, 2020, to April 11, 2020, 4663 patients were screened using telehealth, representing a surge in visit volume. There were 1521 patients sent to mobile testing sites, and they received a telephone call from a centralized call center for results. Of the patients who were tested, nearly 20% (n=301) had a positive result. Conclusions: Our model demonstrates how using telehealth for a referral to central testing sites can increase access to community-based care, decrease clinician exposure, and minimize the demand for personal protective equipment. The scaling of this innovation may allow health care systems to focus on preparing for and delivering hospital-based care needs.
Concrete Bond and Behavior of Nonproprietary Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Bridge Slab Joints

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nonproprietary ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) mix design in terms of bond strength and behavior as a slab joint material. Composite modul...
Some Preliminary Thoughts on Contending Approaches to Law in Vietnam, 1954- 1975

These notes provide some preliminary thoughts on the difficult issue of untangling some of the conflicting strands of thought about the role of law in Vietnam between 1954 and 1975, an era of several distinctly different periods in Vietnamese law, politics and social life. The attempt to unravel some of these strands does not challenge the historical fact that law was severely repressed, undervalued and instrumentalized at various times during this era. The Vietnamese Workers Party, later the Vietnamese Communist Party, directed the legal system, often down to the individual trial level, in much the same way that the Party not only led but directed, or at least sought to lead and direct, often at the micromanagement level, many other elements of Vietnamese economic, political, military and social life.
Rupture of a superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm following craniotomy.

Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is a rare entity that has been reported in the literature after trauma or iatrogenic injuries. We describe a unique case of STA pseudoaneurysm rupture and the clinical sequelae associated with its rupture. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm rupture of the STA that occurred 14 days after craniotomy for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair. We also review the literature, diagnosis and treatment of external carotid artery aneurysms. Rupture of a STA pseudoaneurysm is a previously unreported and serious complication that must be quickly recognized in order to control hemorrhage that may have life threatening complications.
Assessing mass incarceration's effects on families.

In this Review, we assess how mass incarceration, a monumental American policy experiment, has affected families over the past five decades. We reach four conclusions. First, family member incarcer...
Possibilities and Results of Total Lumbar Disk Replacement

Based on findings that could be obtained from patent specifications and publications (Medlars Computers, Stockholm), as well as on ideas of our own, a modular type of endoprosthesis for the lumbar disks was developed after a series of experimental studies carried out in 1983 and 1984 at the Department of Orthopaedics, Charite Hospital.
Intentionality and the Use of Language

It is possible to make a reasonably clear distinction between intensionality with an s and intentionality with a t. Without putting too fine a point on it one can say that intensionality-with-an-s is a property of a certain class of sentences. A sentence is intensional if literal utterances of it have at least one interpretation where they fail to satisfy one or more of the standard tests for extensionality. The two tests most relevant to the present discussion are these: if existential generalization over the occurrence of referring expressions is not a valid form of inference or if the sentence fails to allow the substitution salva veritate of expressions which normally have the same reference, then it is intensional-with-an-s. Thus for example, the sentence “John is looking for the lost city of Atlantis” has at least one literal use to make a statement which does not entail that there is a lost city such that John is looking for it. And the sentence “The sheriff believes that Mr. Howard is an honest man” has a literal use to make a statement which together with the true statement that Mr. Howard is identical with Jesse James does not entail that the sheriff believes that Jesse James is an honest man. Because intensional sentences normally derive their intensionality from the occurrence of certain expressions it is possible to speak not only of intensional sentences, but also of intensional verbs, intensional contexts, etc. It is also possible to speak of intensional statements and intensional propositions. No doubt these two tests need some refinement to enable them to cope with sentences other than those used to make statements but the basic idea of intensionality-with-an-s seems reasonably straightforward.
Selective Autocytotoxicity in a Model System of Escherichia coli K-12 Recombinants

Autocytotoxicity was shown by Lac+ recombinant strains of Escherichia coli K-12 when their growth was inhibited in media containing o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. Lac− strains without lactose permease or β-galactosidase activity grew well. Selective autocytotoxicity was shown by simultaneous inhibition of Lac+ cells and multiplication of Lac− cells grown together in this medium.
Propagation and beam geometry effects on 2D Fourier transform spectra of multi-level systems

We calculate 4-level two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform relaxation spectra with propagation and beam geometry distortions, which are 14% for an optical density of 0.2 and 25% for a crossing angle of 10°.
Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 imaging of UGC 12695: A remarkably unevolved galaxy at low redshift

Utilizing the F814W and F300W filters, short-exposure Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images were taken of UGC 12695, a nearby (z ~ 0.021) low surface brightness disk galaxy. UGC 12695 has an unusual morphology, consisting of a Y-shaped nucleus surrounded by a faint spiral arm with a number of bright H II regions interspersed throughout the galaxy. Surface photometry indicates that the majority of recent star formation in this galaxy occurred in these very localized regions, most of which have a radius of 2''. This uneven stellar distribution, combined with the galaxy's overall extremely blue color and low metallicity, indicates that UGC 12695 is an unevolved galaxy. Some of the structural peculiarities of this galaxy arise because a number of background galaxies, previously thought to be morphological components of this galaxy, are showing through both the outer nucleus and spiral arms of UGC 12695. Surface photometry of these galaxies shows them to be fairly small (α < 18) disk galaxies with total magnitudes ranging from 19.6 through 24.2 mag and central surface brightnesses in the range 20.2 mag arcsec-2 ≤ μ(0) ≤ 23.1 mag arcsec-2. When possible, the U, B, V, and I colors of these galaxies were measured using ground-based images, which show the galaxies to be fairly red, indicating that they are likely at redshifts z ≥ 0.5. Inclusion of them in the photometry of UGC 12695 makes the galaxy appear significantly redder. When these galaxies are masked out, the resultant U-I color of UGC 12695 is -0.2 ± 0.1, making it perhaps the bluest galaxy ever measured in this color system and confirming its nature as a very unevolved galaxy at low redshift. Spectroscopy of these background galaxies, through the transparent disk of UGC 12695, may help to clarify its chemical evolution and current heavy-element content.
REACT: Reactive Environment for Runtime Reconfiguration

Field programmable gate array based computing machines have successfully demonstrated the performance advantages for a large class of compute intense problems. However, in most of the applications executing on FPGA based reconfigurable hardwares, the burden of careful design and mapping rests on the end user. Motivated with the task of making reconfigurable and adaptive computing more comprehensible to a software programmer, we have defined the REACT architecture. REACT consists of a dynamically and partially reconfigurable hardware platform supported by a collection of advanced analysis, compilation, and scheduling tools to allow maximum reconfigurability exploitation. The tools supporting REACT computing environment are portable to support other forms of reconfigurable processing hardware units. In other words, the tools completely hide the implementation details of a particular function in the hardware.
Data Mining in E-commerce

This chapter presents a survey of interesting data mining applications in e-commerce. It starts with an analysis of e-commerce data and the driving forces behind the success of data mining applications in e-commerce. The basic notions and techniques of data mining are briefly explained. The chapter discusses Web mining, focusing on its most important field: Web usage mining. It shows how Web usage mining could be employed in recommender systems, customer profiling, and Web site evaluation. Also considered are applications of data mining in Web marketing and market basket analysis. The chapter concludes by summarizing current trends and discussing open problems. Keywords: artificial neural network; clustering; collaborative filtering; log file; personalization; web mining
Dopant transport during semiconductor crystal growth axial versus transverse magnetic fields

The present study investigates the effects of magnetic field orientation, magnetic field strength and growth rate on the dopant segregation in semiconductor crystals, and presents results of dopant composition in the crystal and in the melt at several different times during growth for several combinations of process parameters. The crystal's lateral segregation depends on the magnetic field's orientation and strength while the axial segregation depends on the magnetic field's strength and the growth rate. If either convective or diffusive transport truly dominates, then the crystal's dopant distribution is laterally uniform. The axial distribution in the crystal approaches the well-mixed limit if the melt motion is strong and the growth rate is slow, and the distribution approaches the diffusion-controlled limit if the melt motion is slow and the growth rate is fast. The deviations of the dopant distribution in the crystal from lateral uniformity and from the classical limits are quantified for several combinations of process parameters.