cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work-in-Progress, PupilWare-M: Cognitive Load Estimation Using Unmodified Smartphone Cameras

Cognitive load refers to the amount of informationa person can process or hold in working memory. Historically, the psychology community has estimated this quantity objectively by monitoring the involuntary dilations and constrictions of the pupil using medical grade equipment known as pupillometers. At the same time, researchers in the HCI and Ubi Comp communities have hypothesized how cognitive load sensing might be integrated into context aware computing systems, but limitations of sensing cognitive load ubiquitously and reliably prevent the mass integration of such a technology. Our system, Pupil Ware-M, seeks to begin bridging this sensing gap. We build upon a recent platform, Pupil Ware, which measures a user's sub-millimeter pupil dilation from an unmodified camera. We update the Pupil Ware sensing system with a calibration protocol that brings pupillary responses of a diverse range of people and lighting conditions onto a single 0.0-1.0 scale called Cog Point. Furthermore, we update and optimize the algorithms employed to run in real time from a smartphone. We validate the calibration process using eight users in a controlled experiment where cognitive load is simple to determine from its situational context. Discussion of future work and remaining challenges is then described.
A Universal Classification Scheme For the Microcrystals That Host Limestone Microporosity

Abstract Microporosity is recognized as a significant concern in Phanerozoic-age limestone reservoirs throughout the world because its presence can severely complicate hydrocarbon evaluation and production. Numerous studies have documented the occurrence and abundance of micropores, their physical appearance, and diagenetic origins in specific reservoirs, but no published study has been systematic and global in its approach. Presented here is a global assessment of limestone microporosity that is based on scanning electron microscope, crystal size distributions, helium porosimetry, and mercury-injection capillary-pressure data collected from 12 microporous limestone reservoirs spanning a broad range of geologic ages, depositional facies, and burial depths. Results indicate that the vast majority of limestone microporosity is hosted within a framework of low-magnesium calcite microcrystals. In general, crystal size distributions are narrow and positively skewed. Compiled data indicate that > 99% of all microcrystals measure between 0.5 and 9.0 µm in diameter with a mode at ca. 2.0 µm. Based on microcrystal shape, packing, and edge density, microporous limestones can be classified into three major textural classes, which we term granular, clustered, and fitted. Granular textures, which include subhedral and euhedral subclasses, are characterized by a framework of unconsolidated rhombic to polyhedral microcrystals that exhibit straight to curvilinear boundaries and intermediate crystal edge densities. Clustered textures, which include loose and fused subclasses, are characterized by a framework of irregularly shaped microcrystals with relatively high densities of discontinuous, curvilinear crystal edges. Fitted textures, which include partial and fused subclasses, are characterized by a dense mosaic of slightly larger microcrystals with mostly curvilinear boundaries and relatively low edge densities. These textural classes have unique mean crystal sizes, average pore-throat radii, bulk porosities, and permeabilities. Furthermore, textural classes and their characteristic pore-throat radii fall along a single log-normal transform in porosity–permeability space. Based on these relationships, three petrophysical microporosity “types” are distinguished. Type 1 is associated with granular subhedral crystal fabrics and typically exhibit relatively large average pore throat radii (ca. 0.7 µm) as well as high porosity (> 20%) and permeability (1–20 mD). Type 2 includes granular euhedral and clustered fabrics, which most commonly exhibit intermediate average pore-throat radii (ca. 0.2 µm), porosity (10–20%), and permeability (0.1–1 mD). Type 3 includes fitted crystal fabrics, which are generally characterized by smaller average pore-throat radii (ca. 0.06 µm), and relatively low porosity (< 10%) and permeability (< 0.1 mD).
Effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on polyribosomes and protein synthesis of kidneys of rats.

AbstractThe effects of a single intraperitoneal administration of hypertonic NaCl (5.3 ml of 7.55% NaCl/100 g body wt) on polyribosomes and in vitro protein synthesis of kidneys of rats were investigated. The results revealed that there was marked disaggregation of kidney polyribosomes of rat (fasted or nonfasted) that received a single dose of hypertonic NaCl solution 30 min prior to sacrifice in comparison to control rats that received isotonic NaCl solution. In vitro [14C]leucine incorporation into protein was significantly decreased using either postmitochondrial supernatant or microsomes from kidneys of hypertonic NaCl-treated rats compared with control rats. Administration of a single dose of hypertonic NaCl to rats produced a significant increase in the activity of renal RNase in comparison to that of the control group. Assay of renal acid phosphatase in the particulate and soluble fractions revealed no changes in the activities in the control and experimental rats.
Some Psychological Aspects of the Belief in Immortality

The individual's attitude toward the Determiner of Destiny, which is religion, has always an essentially practical coloring. It involves a belief, to be sure, but this belief is never a matter of pure theory; it bears a reference, more or less explicit, to the fate of the individual's values. Hence in nearly every religion which history has studied or anthropology discovered, the question of the future in store for the individual believer has been one of prime importance. The content of this belief is a question for the theologian and the historian of religion; the psychologist, however, may be able to throw some light on the related question why people believe, or fail to believe, in immortality at all. What, in short, are the psychological sources from which this belief springs, and what are the leading types of this belief?
Finned double-tube PCM system as a waste heat storage

In this work, focus is taken on developing a waste heat recovery system for capturing potential of exhaust heat from an air conditioner unit to be reused later. This system has the ability to store heat in phase change material (PCM) and then release it to a discharge water system when required. To achieve this goal, a system of Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube (FWD) has been developed and tested. Different profiles of fins attached to the (FWD) system have been investigated for increasing the thermal conductivity of the PCM. These include using Circular Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube (CFWD) system; Longitudinal Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube (LFWD) system; Spiral Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube (SFWD) system; as well as; Without Fins, Water-PCM, Double tube (WFWD) system. An experimental test rig that attached to an air-conditioner unit has been built to include 32- tubes of the FWD systems for both vertical and horizontal layouts during charging and water discharging processes. Results show a significant performance improvement when using spiral and circular fins during charging process at vertical position. However, longitudinal and without fins showed better performance in horizontal position. Overall, the developed SFWD system in vertical position has been found to exhibit the most effective type due to the fastest PCM melting and solidification. As compared to the WFWD system, the FWD systems have been found to increase the PCM temperature gain of about 15.3% for SFWD system; 8.2% for CFWD; and 4.3% for LFWD system.
Lower hybrid wave edge power loss quantification on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

For the first time, the power deposition of lower hybrid RF waves into the edge plasma of a diverted tokamak has been systematically quantified. Edge deposition represents a parasitic loss of power that can greatly impact the use and efficiency of Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) at reactor-relevant densities. Through the use of a unique set of fast time resolution edge diagnostics, including innovative fast-thermocouples, an extensive set of Langmuir probes, and a Lyα ionization camera, the toroidal, poloidal, and radial structure of the power deposition has been simultaneously determined. Power modulation was used to directly isolate the RF effects due to the prompt ( t<τE) response of the scrape-off-layer (SOL) plasma to Lower Hybrid Radiofrequency (LHRF) power. LHRF power was found to absorb more strongly in the edge at higher densities. It is found that a majority of this edge-deposited power is promptly conducted to the divertor. This correlates with the loss of current drive efficiency at high den...
Source strength impact analysis on insulator flashover under contaminated conditions

A mathematical model that considers the source-insulator interaction is presented for modeling flashover of outdoor insulators under contaminated conditions. The model is applied to suspension and post type insulators with wettable surfaces. Several IEEE test cases of practical power systems have been evaluated using PowerWorld® to estimate the source strength. Results included in this paper show that significant difference exists in the probability of flashover in actual power systems when compared to laboratory results using sources that satisfy international standards. It is found in this paper that flashover in service can occur at much lower levels of contamination than predicted by international standards.
Noninvasive evaluation of late left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement

Late left ventricular function was evaluated noninvasively in 24 survivors of isolated aortic valve replacement. Radionuclide left ventriculography (RNLV) was used to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular segmental wall motion. These studies were available from a group of 87 patients surviving for 30 days or more (3.4% operative mortality rate). They were studied at rest by RNLV from 10 months to 10 years (45 months mean) postoperatively. Patients with preoperative LVEFs below the laboratory normal of 0.62 had increased postoperative values, and patients with preoperative LVEFs above 0.62 had decreased postoperative values. Thus the total mean postoperative LVEF was 0.67 ± 0.10 (mean ± SD) from a preoperative mean of 0.56 ± 0.18, reflecting the convergence of the extremes toward an optimal high-normal postoperative value. No correlation between age, type of myocardial preservation, functional classification, total bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, or associated coronary artery disease was demonstrated with regard to postoperative change in LVEF. Eleven patients had pure aortic regurgitation (AR), seven had predominant aortic stenosis (AS), and six had mixed (AS-AR) lesion. Patients with acute AR (n = 4) had significantly (p
Accept Journalistic Work as ‘Output’ to Keep the Professional ‘Street Cred’ in Teaching Journalism

The process for producing high quality journalism mimics every component necessary to scholarly research—data gathering, theory testing, reviewing previous literature, writing formulas, jurying by colleagues. The very best in journalism most certainly builds knowledge. The intellectual and physical effort to produce substantial journalism varies little from that necessary for scholarly output. This commentary explains why accepting journalistic work as ‘output’ is vital to keeping a faculty with the professional ‘street cred’ for today’s journalism students. Failing to do so is a disservice to our students and it risks producing students without practiced, professional skills.
Sleep disturbance in patients with chronic concussive effects.

Aim: Sleep disturbance is relatively overlooked in concussion treatment although sleep disorders may prolong or exacerbate symptoms after a concussion. We looked at the incidence of both sleep disturbance and postconcussion symptoms in a sample of recently concussed individuals. Methods & results: We evaluated scores on the insomnia severity index (ISI) and postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS) in 96 participants with persistent symptoms. Sleep disturbance significantly contributed to the severity of postconcussive symptoms and length of recovery; this effect was less pronounced in athletes. Conclusion: These results suggest a relationship between sleep problems and the time course of recovery from concussive injury. Clinicians who regularly treat concussion would benefit from a more thorough consideration of sleep function in the assessment of postconcussive symptoms.
Mesenchymal stromal cells as a drug delivery system

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that can self-renew and at the same time differentiate into multiple lineages with specific surface marker expression. During the past several years, MSCs have generated a great deal of interest in many clinical settings, including regenerative medicine, immune modulation, and tissue engineering. Many studies have demonstrated their remarkable tumor tropic properties. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of genetically modified MSC to express and release therapeutic factors, confirming their ability to serve as an excellent base for cell-mediated gene therapy. This chapter will review the literature on the use of MSCs as a therapeutic drug delivery system.
Defining an enterprise lead systems integration (LSI) framework

In the modern operational environment, multiple systems forming a System of Systems (SoS) are required to satisfy the spectrum of capabilities needed to satisfy the mission. Accomplishing the mission has always been a SoS endeavor, where integrating multiple systems into a SoS has been left to small communities of “hero engineers,” or to the operators responsible for the mission. The acquisition and management of these mission capabilities across the SoS lifecycle requires the complex integration of interdependent new and legacy systems from the lowest component level to the highest enterprise level. In 2008, Congress directed government organizations to adopt a Lead System Integration (LSI) process to address the issues with the acquisition, development, and integration of a SoS. This paper introduces an LSI Enterprise Framework that identifies the various levels of interaction, organizational functions, and the universal resources to ensure the enterprise provides a SoS that delivers the required capabilities.
Contemporary Diagnosis: MRI and MRA

Historically, the diagnosis and treatment of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) have been hampered by the complex nature of these vascular lesions, the persistence of outdated and often inconsistent terminology, as well as the absence of defined imaging protocols and therapeutic algorithms [1–5]. As vascular malformations range in severity from trivial to life-threatening, from focal to diffuse and extensive, and vary significantly with regard to composition, the ability to use a single imaging modality to distinguish between high-flow and low-flow lesions is essential when the goal is to avoid noncontributory and/or invasive imaging modalities, select proper treatment modality, avoid unnecessary invasive catheter-based procedures, and avoid potentially life-threatening side effects [6–9].
Body-Diagonal Diffusion Couples for High Entropy Alloys

Body-diagonal diffusion couples provide a systematic way to investigate the diffusivity of high entropy alloys, a.k.a. HEAs. By definition these alloys contain 5-elements or more. All independent concentration differences in a body-diagonal couple are equal, except for being positive or negative. They are similar to diagonal diffusion couples for 3-element alloys, but the term body-diagonal applies only to couples with 4-elements or more. Composition vectors for these couples are aligned with body-diagonals in cubes located in the multi-element composition space of HEAs. The body-diagonals can be represented with a simple vector notation. The notation and other properties of body-diagonals are given in this work, including the number of diagonals and the angles between them. An advantage for HEAs is the fact that there are more diagonal directions and, therefore, more potential diffusion couples than needed to measure or validate diffusivity databases. That advantage gives flexibility to avoid 2-phase regions and, when validating databases, to avoid eigenvector directions of the diffusivity matrix. When body-diagonal diffusion couples are compact, their diffusion paths cross at the same composition, making it possible to measure an HEA diffusivity using the Boltzmann–Matano–Kirkaldy method.
Continuous traits and speciation rates: Alternatives to state‐dependent diversification models

Many quantitative traits, for example body size, have been hypothesized to influence the diversification dynamics of lineages over macroevolutionary time-scales. The Quantitative State Speciation-Extinction (QuaSSE) model and related methods provide an elegant framework for jointly modelling the relationship between change in continuous traits and diversification. However, model misspecification and phylogenetic pseudoreplication can result in elevated false discovery rates in this and other state-dependent speciation-extinction models. Here, we evaluate alternative trait-dependent diversification methods that do not formally model the relationship between traits and diversification, but instead test for correlations between summary statistics of phylogenetic branching patterns and trait variation at the tips of a phylogenetic tree (hereafter tip-rate correlations or TRCs). We compare alternative branching pattern statistics and significance tests, and we evaluate their performance relative to QuaSSE under a range of evolutionary scenarios. We found that a simple statistic derived from branch lengths (inverse equal splits) can detect trait-associated rate variation, and that a simulation-based method performs better than phylogenetic generalized least squares for testing the significance of trait-rate correlations. This test (ES-sim) had better power to detect trait-dependent diversification than other TRCs. By testing the approach across a diverse set of simulation scenarios, we found that ES-sim is similar to QuaSSE in statistical power. However, the approach rarely led to false inferences of trait-dependent diversification, even under conditions that are problematic for formal state-dependent models. We illustrate the application of ES-sim to real data by re-assessing the relationship between dispersal ability and diversification in Furnariid birds. We conclude that simple, semi-parametric tests like ES-sim represent a promising approach for trait-dependent diversification analyses in groups with heterogeneous diversification histories and provide a useful alternative or complement to formal state-dependent speciation-extinction models.
Computing withWords for Hierarchical and Distributed Decision-Making

According to Zadeh, Computing with Words (CWW) is a methodology in which the objects of computation are words and propositions drawn from a natural language. A specific architecture for subjective decision-making using CWW, called Perceptual Computer — Per-C for short—is introduced in this chapter. Its three components —encoder, CWWengine and decoder —are briefly described. The main focus is on how the Per-C can be used to assist in hierarchical and distributed decision-making. A Journal Publication Judgment Advisor (JPJA) is designed as an example to show how the journal paper review process can be automated by the Per-C. The JPJA has the potential to relieve much of the burden of the reviewers and the associate editors, and moreover, it may be more accurate and less subjective.
Parallel and Scalable Computation and Spatial Dynamics with DNA-Based Chemical Reaction Networks on a Surface

We propose a theoretical framework that uses a novel DNA strand displacement mechanism to implement abstract chemical reaction networks (CRNs) on the surface of a DNA nanostructure, and show that surface CRNs can perform efficient algorithmic computation and create complex spatial dynamics. We argue that programming molecular behaviors with surface CRNs is systematic, parallel and scalable.
The paradoxical effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in endotoxin-induced uveitis.

PURPOSE To investigate the role of TNF-alpha in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in mice. METHODS To neutralize TNF-alpha activity, mice were pretreated with either repeated injections of this cytokine or a single injection of antibody against it. The mice were then injected intraperitoneally with 500 micrograms endotoxin, to induce lethal septic shock, or into the footpad with 200 micrograms to induce EIU. RESULTS Although both pretreatments conferred protection against the systemic toxic effects of LPS, TNF-resistant mice and mice treated with anti-TNF-alpha antibody demonstrated an exacerbation of EIU when compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS Unlike its apparent participation in the systemic effect of endotoxin, TNF-alpha is not directly involved in the pathogenesis of EIU and may even protect against the inflammatory processes of this disease.
The gender effect: capitalism, feminism, and the corporate politics of development

In this carefully researched organizational ethnography, Kathryn Moeller examines how and why multi-national corporations invest in girls and women in the Global South in the name of poverty allevi...
Campus Climate at Research Universities: 2012–2017

In this chapter, Soria examines students’ perception of campus climate at large, public research universities from 2012 to 2017. Soria illustrates how students’ perception of campus climate has diminished over time, most significantly for the campus climate for gender, race/ethnicity, and political beliefs but also for socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, and sexual orientation. The author also outlines the other chapters contributed by authors in this volume.
Online Modeling and Prediction of the Large-Scale Temporal Variation in Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels

Influenced by environmental conditions, underwater acoustic communication channels exhibit dynamics on various time scales. The channel dynamics within a short transmission duration have been extensively studied in existing research. In this paper, we investigate online modeling and prediction of slowly-varying channel parameters in a long term, by exploiting their inherent temporal correlation and correlation with water environmental conditions. Examples of those parameters include the locally-averaged channel properties within a transmission, such as the average channel-gain-to-noise-power ratio, the fast fading statistics, the average delay spread, and the average Doppler spread. Adopting a data-driven perspective, this paper models the temporal evolution of a slowly-varying channel parameter of interest as the summation of a time-invariant component, a time-varying process that can be explicitly represented by available environmental parameters, and a Markov latent process that describes the contribution from unknown or unmeasurable physical mechanisms. An algorithm is developed to recursively estimate the unknown model parameters and predict the channel parameter of interest, based on the sequentially collected channel measurements and environmental parameters in real time. We further extend the above model and the recursive algorithm to channels that exhibit periodic (a.k.a. seasonal ) dynamics, by introducing a multiplicative seasonal autoregressive process to model the seasonal correlation. The proposed models and algorithms are evaluated via extensive simulations and data sets from two shallow-water experiments. The experimental results reveal that the average channel-gain-to-noise-power ratio, the fast fading statistics, and the average delay spread can be well predicted.
Realization of Fourth Order Exceptional Points of Degeneracy in Uniform Coupled-Waveguides

We present the general conditions to realize fourth order exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in two uniform (i.e., invariant along z) coupled transmission lines (CTLs). The CTLs are modeled as distributed generic components where each line (when uncoupled) may support forward propagation, backward propagation or evanescent modes. We show the novel and important fact that a fourth order EPD may be supported in uniform CTLs when there is coupling between a forward propagating mode and an evancent mode. We also provide a microstrip possible implementation of a uniform CTL exhibiting fourth order EPD using a very subwavelength unit cell length.
The Relationship between Learner Characteristics and Student Outcomes in a Middle School Computing Course: An Exploratory Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling.

This study, which took place during a 7-week middle school computing course, used structural equation modeling to examine the overall cumulative relationship between self-efficacy, interest, and pr...
First-principles study of the electronic structure and the Fermi surface in rare-earth filled skutterudites R Pt 4 Ge 12

Experiments on rare-earth filled skutterudites demonstrate an intriguing array of thermodynamic, transport, and superconducting properties, and bring to fore theoretical challenges posed by $f$-electron systems. First-principle calculations based density functional theory and its extensions for strongly correlated systems such as the Hubbard $U$ correction, provide valuable information about electronic structure that can be used to understand experiments. We present a comprehensive study of the electronic structure and Fermi surface of a series of rare-earth filled skutterudites, $R{\mathrm{Pt}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{12}$ (where $R$ = La, Ce, Pr), aimed at shedding light on: consequences of progressive increase of $f$-orbital occupancy in the series; the effects of the Hubbard parameter $U$; and the Fermi surfaces, band structures, and densities of states. The calculated Fermi surfaces may be relevant to the question of multiband versus single-band superconductivity. Computed densities of states qualitatively explain the available resonant photoemission spectroscopy experiments, and (together with available specific heat measurements) provide estimates of the effective masses. We also show the existence of pseudogaps in the total density of states which may be relevant for the thermoelectric properties of these systems.
Latinx Bilingual Prospective Teachers Renegotiate Language Communities in Mathematics Teaching Practices

ABSTRACTThe preparation of bilingual prospective teachers (BPTs) in mathematics encompasses a challenge because many U.S.-born BPTs had limited opportunities to learn mathematics in their native la...
Differential Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders

Although anxiety is a basic human emotion that affects adults and children alike, clinical and research emphasis on child and adolescent anxiety disorders is relatively recent. Perhaps the first famous case of an anxiety disorder was Freud’s (1955) case study of “Little Hans” who presented with a phobia. Freud conceptualized and treated Hans from a psychoanalytic perspective with emphasis on unconscious processes that had an underlying psychosexual basis associated with oedipal impulses. Conversely, the case of “Little Albert” by Watson and Raynor (1920) demonstrated that, using behavioral principles, a stimulus that originally did not elicit fear (i.e., white rats and white furry stimuli) could be paired with an unpleasant stimulus (i.e., loud sound) to elicit a fear response. Since Freud’s seminal work, conceptualization of anxiety, fear, and phobic reactions has changed from a primarily psychoanalytic perspective to one that emphasizes cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses. A cognitive–behavioral perspective emphasizes the interactions among these three components that contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms that interfere with functioning. From a behavioral perspective, anxiety and fear may be caused by or exacerbated by the presence of aversive or stressful situations that the child cannot avoid or control.
Towards accurate orbital-free simulations: A generalized gradient approximation for the noninteracting free energy density functional

For orbital-free ab initio molecular dynamics, especially on systems in extreme thermodynamic conditions, we provide an innovative pseudopotential-adapted generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional for the noninteracting free energy. This is achieved by systematic finite-temperature extension of our recent LKT ground-state noninteracting kinetic energy GGA functional [Phys. Rev. B 98, 041111(R) (2018)]. We test the performance of the functional first via static lattice calculations on crystalline aluminum and silicon. Then we compare deuterium equation of state results against both path-integral Monte Carlo and conventional (orbital-dependent) Kohn-Sham results. The functional, denoted LKTF, outperforms the previous best semilocal free energy functional VT84F [Phys. Rev. B 88, 161108(R) (2013)], and provides modestly faster simulations. We also discuss subtleties of identification of kinetic and entropic contributions to noninteracting free energy functionals obtained by extension from ground-state orbital-free kinetic energy functionals.
For Uncle Charlie: A Conversation With Dr. Kristine Melloy:

Dr. Kristine (Kris) Melloy has enjoyed a varied career ranging from a teacher, special education director, principal, data coach, and professor. Her passion for those who have exceptional needs was...
History, politics, and faith-based knowledge: Hobsbawm and Fukuyama take the 90s

In this article, I reconsider the reception of two widely divergent historical interpretations of the 20th century with vastly different implications for contemporary political action: Eric Hobsbaw...
Exploring latent networks in resting-state fMRI using voxel-to-voxel causal modeling feature selection

Functional networks characterize the coordinated neural activity observed by functional neuroimaging. The prevalence of different networks during resting state periods provide useful features for predicting the trajectory of neurodegenerative diseases. Techniques for network estimation rely on statistical correlation or dependence between voxels. Due to the large number of voxels, rather than consider the voxel-to-voxel correlations between all voxels, a small set of seed voxels are chosen. Consequently, the network identification may depend on the selected seeds. As an alternative, we propose to fit first-order linear models with sparse priors on the coefficients to model activity across the entire set of cortical grey matter voxels as a linear combination of a smaller subset of voxels. We propose a two-stage algorithm for voxel subset selection that uses different sparsity-inducing regularization approaches to identify subject-specific causally predictive voxels. To reveal the functional networks among these voxels, we then apply independent component analysis (ICA) to model these voxels' signals as a mixture of latent sources each defining a functional network. Based on the inter-subject similarity of the sources' spatial patterns we identify independent sources that are well-matched across subjects but fail to match the independent sources from a group-based ICA. These are resting state networks, common across subjects that group ICA does not reveal. These complementary networks could help to better identify neurodegeneration, a task left for future work.
Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Descriptive and Predictive Data from a Survey of Psychologists at a Single Academic Medical Center

Objective Burnout in academic medicine has been widely studied, but most work has been conducted among physicians. Psychologists in academic medicine have unique burnout factors. Therefore, investigating the prevalence and predictors of burnout among psychologists in academic medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important addition to the literature. Methods Sixty-two psychologists responded to burnout-related items in a larger, 40-item Psychiatry Department climate survey conducted from October to November 2020. Five items from the MINI-Z survey were administered to examine control over workload and sufficiency of documentation time as predictors of both continuous and dichotomously defined burnout. Linear and logistic regression was employed with years as a faculty member entered as a covariate. Results Slightly less than half (48.4%) of respondents met dichotomous criteria for burnout. Faculty with fewer years of experience scored higher on their level of continuous burnout. Both control over workload and sufficiency of time for documentation were independent predictors of continuous burnout, but only control over workload remained a statistically significant predictor in a simultaneous model. Control over workload was a significant predictor in dichotomous models but did not remain so once sufficiency of documentation time was also added. Conclusion Burnout prevalence among psychologists was comparable to rates among physicians at other institutions, even when examined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic medicine administrators and organizational leaders should consider policies and programming to increase control over workload, especially among junior psychologist faculty.
HIV-Associated Cancers

The HIV/AIDS epidemic, now in its 4th decade, has seen major shifts in epidemiology, with survival of infected persons increasingly approximating that of the general population and resulting in an aging population increasingly susceptible to cancer. Furthermore, cancer, a historically important manifestation of HIV/AIDS, has also changed epidemiology over time, where the prevalence of the “non-AIDS-defining” cancers (including cancers of the lungs, liver, head and neck, and anus—all seen in excess among HIV-infected populations) now exceeds that of the AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and cervical carcinoma). As approximately 9 % of LGBT persons aged 50 or older have HIV infection, cancer is an important heath concern and cause of mortality in this demographic. This chapter will review the current epidemiology and clinical considerations and treatment for HIV-associated malignancies as it pertains to LGBT populations.
CONTROLLING THE NORTHWARD FLOW OF MEXICAN ANTIQUITIES

Among the most serious perils of Mexican proximity to the United States is a continuing hemorrhage of Mexico's extraordinary rich cultural patrimony. It is no exaggeration to view that country as a vast treasure trove of pre-Columbian and later art and archaeological material plundered by an unlikely network of sandaled chicle gatherers, huaqueros, esteleros, and foreign collectors, galleries and museums. This threat to the Mexican patrimony is nothing new. One need only view the feathered headdress of the Emperor Moctezuma in Vienna and countless other examples from foreign showcases of the "finders, keepers" principle in order to appreciate the long tradition of brigandage against Mexican cultural property. But the problem became a crisis in the mid-1960's. Spiraling inflation in the international art market shifted aggressive acquisition from the very limited and essentially frozen supply of European objets d'art to less familiar material including Olmec heads, Toltec figurines, Mayan stelae, and other precious fixtures of Mexican cultural identity.1
Effects of resveratrol on the autophosphorylation of phorbol ester-responsive protein kinases: Inhibition of protein kinase D but not protein kinase C isozyme autophosphorylation

The natural product resveratrol is a potent antagonist of phorbol ester-mediated tumor promotion and in vitro cellular responses to phorbol-ester tumor promoters, but it is only weakly inhibitory against the phosphorylation of conventional exogenous substrates by phorbol ester-responsive protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. In this report, we compare the effects of resveratrol against the autophosphorylation reactions of PKC isozymes versus the novel phorbol ester-responsive kinase, protein kinase D (PKD). We found that resveratrol inhibits PKD autophosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner, but has only negligible effects against the autophosphorylation reactions of representative members of each PKC isozyme subfamily (cPKC-alpha, -beta(1), and -gamma, nPKC-delta and -epsilon, and aPKC-zeta). Resveratrol was comparably effective against PKD autophosphorylation (IC(50) = 52 microM) and PKD phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate syntide-2 (IC(50) = 36 microM). The inhibitory potency of resveratrol against PKD is in line with the potency of resveratrol observed in cellular systems and with its potency against other purified enzymes and binding proteins that are implicated in the cancer chemopreventive activity of the polyphenol. Thus, PKD inhibition may contribute to the cancer chemopreventive action of resveratrol.
Whanau: a sybil-proof distributed hash table

Whanau is a novel routing protocol for distributed hash tables (DHTs) that is efficient and strongly resistant to the Sybil attack. Whanau uses the social connections between users to build routing tables that enable Sybil-resistant lookups. The number of Sybils in the social network does not affect the protocol's performance, but links between honest users and Sybils do.When there are n well-connected honest nodes, Whanau can tolerate up to O(n/ log n) such "attack edges". This means that an adversary must convince a large fraction of the honest users to make a social connection with the adversary's Sybils before any lookups will fail.Whanau uses ideas from structured DHTs to build routing tables that contain O(√n log n) entries per node. It introduces the idea of layered identifiers to counter clustering attacks, a class of Sybil attacks challenging for previous DHTs to handle. Using the constructed tables, lookups provably take constant time. Simulation results, using social network graphs from LiveJournal, Flickr, YouTube, and DBLP, confirm the analytic results. Experimental results on PlanetLab confirmthat the protocol can handle modest churn.
The Fitness Cost to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of Escaping From a Small Molecule CCR5 Inhibitor

Replicative fitness of an HIV-1 isolate generally tracks to the region of the genome that is under the most selective pressure. During HIV-1 infection, significant selection pressure is applied by the immune system causing sequence changes in the env gene. The clinical use of entry inhibitors will add to this pressure. Drug selection pressure can often force the virus to compromise its fitness in favor of acquiring resistance. This loss of fitness may lead to lower viral loads in vivo despite high levels of drug resistance. If the virus has already undergone compromises to survive in the face of the immune response, the additional changes in env may cause a significant reduction in replicative capacity. This presentation will focus on in vitro evaluation of the replicative fitness of HIV-1 isolates resistant to entry inhibitors and possible implications of such findings. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
How Well Do We Know the Unitarity Triangle? An Experimental Review

In the past 10 years our knowledge of the parameters {rho} and {eta} of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix has improved substantially. This article reviews the measurements that contributed to this advance, and discusses their implication in terms of understanding CP violation in the Standard Model and beyond.
Experimental robust control studies on an unstable magnetic suspension system

This study is an experimental investigation of the robustness of various controllers designed for the Large Angle Magnetic Suspension Test Fixture (LAMSTF). Both analytical and identified nominal model are used for designing controllers along with two different types of uncertainty models. Robustness refers to maintaining tracking performance under analytical model errors and dynamically induced eddy currents, while external disturbances are not considered. Results show that incorporating robustness into analytical models gives significantly better results. However, incorporating incorrect uncertainty models may lead to poorer performance than not designing for robustness at all. Designing controllers based on accurate identified models gave the best performance. In fact, incorporating a significant level of robustness into an accurate nominal model resulted in reduced performance. This paper discusses an assortment of experimental results in a consistent manner using robust control theory.
Purification, properties, and genetic location of Escherichia coli cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase.

Abstract N-Acetylneuraminic acid cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.43) (CMP-NeuAc synthetase) catalyzes the formation of cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid. We have purified CMP-NeuAc synthetase from an Escherichia coli O18:K1 cytoplasmic fraction to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on CDP-ethanolamine linked to agarose. The enzyme has a specific activity of 2.1 mumol/mg/min and migrates as a single protein and activity band on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has a requirement for Mg2+ or Mn2+ and exhibits optimal activity between pH 9.0 and 10. The apparent Michaelis constants for the CTP and NeuAc are 0.31 and 4 mM, respectively. The CTP analogues 5-mercuri-CTP and CTP-2',3'-dialdehyde are inhibitors. The purified CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase has a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gene encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase is located on a 3.3-kilobase HindIII fragment. The purified enzyme appears to be identical to the 50,000 Mr polypeptide encoded by this gene based on insertion mutations that result in the loss of detectable enzymatic activity. The amino-terminal sequence of the purified protein was used to locate the start codon for the CMP-NeuAc synthetase gene. Both the enzyme and the 50,000 Mr polypeptide have the same NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. Antibodies prepared to a peptide derived from the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence bind to purified CMP-NeuAc synthetase.
Object representation for object recognition

This paper discusses some representation issues and challenges involved in object recognition. It is intended as a step toward assessing current object representation schemes and proposing design and evaluation criteria for future ones. >
FET differential amplifier as a tri-wave to sine converter

This paper describes the operation of the FET difference amplifier as it applies to triangle-to-sine conversion. The circuit can be a part of a function generator integrated on a single monolithic integrated circuit. This paper includes a detailed examination of the properties of the transfer function of the circuit, and an evaluation of the total harmonic distortion with circuit parameters chosen to improve overall performance. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are given.
Biological and steroid use in relationship to quality measures in older patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a US Medicare cohort study

Objectives To examine the frequency and predictors of antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) use, and to describe steroid utilisation among US patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) aged 65 years and older prior to the publication of a new Medicare quality measure calling for the use of anti-TNFs and other steroid-sparing agents. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting This study utilised 2006–2009 claims data for a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Participants Patients with IBD (>1 claim for ICD codes 555.xx, 556.xx) without anti-TNF contraindications, enrolled in Medicare parts A and B ≥12 months and part D ≥6 months were included (n=8502). Outcome measures We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% CIs predicting new anti-TNF therapy using multivariable Poisson regression. Results This nationally representative study of older patients with IBD estimated that only 3.7% received anti-TNFs. New anti-TNF use (1.4%) was associated with younger age, absence of Medicaid coverage, hospitalisation, and higher preceding use of burst (IRR=2.35, CI 1.59 to 3.47) and maintenance steroids (IRR=2.40, CI 1.05 to 5.48). Among anti-TNF users, we observed high rates of concurrent maintenance steroid use (19%). Conclusions Anti-TNF use was very low in this population of older patients with IBD and, importantly, was often combined with maintenance steroid use despite guidelines suggesting reduced needs. Expanding IBD-specific quality measures to include steroid taper plans may cue appropriate maintenance regimens that include anti-TNFs and other steroid sparing agents while reducing protracted concomitant steroid use as intended by current quality measures.
Thrombosis with outflow obstruction delays thrombolysis and results in chronic wall thickening of rat veins

Abstract Purpose: An in vivo model of acute deep venous thrombosis was developed in rats to assess the role of venous thrombosis and outflow obstruction in recanalization and development of secondary wall changes. Methods: The left femoral veins of male Sprague-Dawley rats were thrombosed either by means of proximal ligation (obstruction, group A, n = 38) or by means of temporary 24-hour occlusion with a microvascular clamp (unobstructed, group B, n = 20). Right femoral veins served as controls. The rats were killed at intervals over 5 weeks. Wall thickness was compared among groups by means of counting of cells on representative sections through the midvein area. Thrombi were indirectly quantitated with a radiolabeled fibrinogen assay in a parallel series of rats. Results: Control veins showed no evidence of cellular or structural changes. Early thrombus extension was seen in group A (peak at day 4) followed by recanalization after 2 weeks. Group A veins had marked wall thickening (27 ± 7 vs 6 ± 2 cells, p p p Conclusions: Thrombosis of rat femoral veins without chronic obstruction results in rapid lysis of thrombus and transient proliferative changes. In contrast, thrombosis with chronic outflow obstruction results in delayed recanalization, early extension of thrombus, and development of vigorous and persistent proliferative cellular responses. Thrombus-induced chronic wall thickening may be an important factor in development of postthrombotic venous insufficiency. (J Vasc Surg 1998;28:115-23.)
Older Caregivers for Family Members With HIV or AIDS: Reasons for Caring

This qualitative study explored the experiences of 19 older women from minority communities who provided care to their children or adult relatives infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These caregivers felt that providing this care contributes significantly to their sense of identity. Most provided care because of their sense of personal commitment to caring for the individual in need or because they felt they were the best or only available source of care. The findings reveal a previously hidden group of aging family members who provide extensive support for people with HIV and AIDS while paying minimal attention to their own needs.