cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Certifying solution geometry in random CSPs: counts, clusters and balance.

An active topic in the study of random constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) is the geometry of the space of satisfying or almost satisfying assignments as the function of the density, for which a precise landscape of predictions has been made via statistical physics-based heuristics. In parallel, there has been a recent flurry of work on refuting random constraint satisfaction problems, via nailing refutation thresholds for spectral and semidefinite programming-based algorithms, and also on counting solutions to CSPs. Inspired by this, the starting point for our work is the following question: what does the solution space for a random CSP look like to an efficient algorithm? In pursuit of this inquiry, we focus on the following problems about random Boolean CSPs at the densities where they are unsatisfiable but no refutation algorithm is known. 1. Counts. For every Boolean CSP we give algorithms that with high probability certify a subexponential upper bound on the number of solutions. We also give algorithms to certify a bound on the number of large cuts in a Gaussian-weighted graph, and the number of large independent sets in a random $d$-regular graph. 2. Clusters. For Boolean $3$CSPs we give algorithms that with high probability certify an upper bound on the number of clusters of solutions. 3. Balance. We also give algorithms that with high probability certify that there are no "unbalanced" solutions, i.e., solutions where the fraction of $+1$s deviates significantly from $50\%$. Finally, we also provide hardness evidence suggesting that our algorithms for counting are optimal.
The Politics of Survival

Keeping people numb to the suffering of the world—and their own suffering—is essential to keeping things as they are.Dean Spade, Mutual Aid, 2020, p. 28.How political is our response to mental suff...
Control of low flow regions in the cortical vasculature determines optimal arterio-venous ratios.

The energy demands of neurons are met by a constant supply of glucose and oxygen via the cerebral vasculature. The cerebral cortex is perfused by dense, parallel arterioles and venules, consistently in imbalanced ratios. Whether and how arteriole–venule arrangement and ratio affect the efficiency of energy delivery to the cortex has remained an unanswered question. Here, we show by mathematical modeling and analysis of the mapped mouse sensory cortex that the perfusive efficiency of the network is predicted to be limited by low-flow regions produced between pairs of arterioles or pairs of venules. Increasing either arteriole or venule density decreases the size of these low-flow regions, but increases their number, setting an optimal ratio between arterioles and venules that matches closely that observed across mammalian cortical vasculature. Low-flow regions are reshaped in complex ways by changes in vascular conductance, creating geometric challenges for matching cortical perfusion with neuronal activity.
The Cross-Section of Individual Equity Option Returns

This paper examines the cross-section of delta-hedged equity option returns, which are found to be predictable by some characteristics of options and those of their underlying stocks. Using the LASSO method to evaluate the forecasting ability of a large set of predictor candidates, we identify the dominant characteristics that provide incremental information for delta-hedged option returns. These characteristics are robustly selected by different modifications of the LASSO method, using various tunning parameters, across hundreds of bootstrap samples, and over different time periods. The parsimonious models consisting of the dominant characteristics demonstrate superior performance in predicting delta-hedged option returns out-of-sample.
Treatment of HCV in Patients who Failed First-Generation PI Therapy: a Review of Current Literature

The addition of the first direct-acting antiviral agents, the NS3 protease inhibitors boceprevir or telaprevir, to peg interferon and ribavirin was a major advance in the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C individuals with sustained virological response (SVR) rates of 63-75 %. Those who did not achieve SVR had high rates of resistance-associated variants against NS3 protease domain. Retreatment options for those who have failed first-generation protease inhibitors generally are guided by retreatment with direct-acting antiviral agents from other classes. Phase 2 and phase 3 data have demonstrated that retreatment with 12-24 weeks of a NS5B inhibitor (sofosbuvir) in combination with a NS5a inhibitor (daclatasvir or ledipasvir) with or without ribavirin can achieve SVR at high rates comparable to treatment-naive individuals.
AGE AND MASS OF M GIANTS IN THE GALACTIC BULGE

Recent observations show that the M giants in the Galactic bulge are neither as luminous nor as cool as the solar-neighborhood prototypes that have generally been used in synthesizing population models; a revision in the value of R o accentuates the disparity in luminosity. Luminosities in excess of those of the long-period variables in metal-rich globular clusters are rare. Thus the argument for assigning an age ≤ 2 Gyr to late M bulge giants and attributing their presence to processes other than normal evolution from the dominant super-metal-rich (SMR) fraction of K giants in the bulge now finds little support. If the late giants were young an easily recognizable group of young turnoff stars should be present at the proper location on the color-magnitude diagram to be progenitors of the M7-M9 giants now seen in the window at b = -8°. The observations show no such turnoff group.
Production and Turnover of Planktonic Bacteria in Two Southeastern Blackwater Rivers

Production by attached and free-living planktonic bacteria in two blackwater rivers in the Southeastern United States was measured over a period of 14 months by using the rate of incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA. Production rates and biomass dynamics were compared to determine the potential for in situ production to supply planktonic biomass. Bacterial production in these rivers was moderate and varied seasonally. Rates varied from 0.058 to 2.120 mg of C m−3 h−1 in the Ogeechee River and from 0.002 to 2.418 mg of C m−3 h−1 in Black Creek. Regressions of growth rate on various environmental variables showed that temperature and total dissolved organic carbon concentration were the best predictors of growth. Although attached bacteria were 3 years depending on season. Turnover times of free-living bacteria varied from 4.4 days to 11.8 years. Comparisons of biomass with production indicated that during most seasons, the majority of bacterial biomass in these rivers was of allochthonous origin. During summer, when water temperatures were high, bacterial growth in the river may have supplied a greater percentage of the standing stock of bacteria than allochthonous inputs.
Instrumenting Our World, Ourselves, and Our Livestock

This installment of Notes from the Community covers the many different ways we instrument our world, ourselves, and our stuff. Along with these topics come the inevitable discussions of privacy, power, and sheep. There is even information about drones for sheep.
Sonic Anemometer Measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence

The study of atmospheric turbulence and its role in transporting momentum, heat, water vapor and other constituents within the layers close to the ground has been a central goal in micrometeorology. Essential to such a study is detailed information on the fluctuations of all relevant parameters. The frequencies of interest cover a range of nearly five decades, corresponding to scales of motion ranging from a few centimeters to several kilometers, presenting a serious challenge to the experimentalist. Over the last 50 years a number of different measurement techniques have been tried with varying degrees of success. Particular attention was given to fluctuations in the velocity field because of their importance to turbulent transport in the atmosphere.
Shell weights from the South Atlantic

[1] As part of our ongoing evaluation of the shell weight proxy, measurements were carried out on plankton species from South Atlantic cores. The results portray a complex picture. Whereas ideally these weights should be influenced only by surface water carbonate ion concentration (growth weight) and deep water pressure-normalized carbonate ion concentration (extent of weight loss due to dissolution), it appears that other environmental factors may influence growth weight and that variable pore water - bottom water offsets may complicate the extent of dissolution.
Modeling and PD control of closed-chain mechanical systems

In this paper, we review the structure of a reduced model for closed-chain mechanical systems originally proposed by Ghorbel, Chetelat and Longchamp (1994), and highlight the fact that the model has two special characteristics which make it different from models of open-chain mechanical systems. First, it is defined locally, and second it is an implicit model. We show that closed-chain systems satisfy the property of skew symmetry. We therefore propose PD-based control strategies with full as well as simple gravity compensation and discuss and compare the computational issues involved in the implementation of both controllers.
Alcoholism and homosexuality: a theoretical perspective.

Although causal relationships between homosexuality and alcoholism have not been established, the myths and assumptions surrounding this issue are numerous. Much of the available literature on the subject is from a psychoanalytic perspective, emphasizing latent homosexuality, as a cause of alcoholism. Very little is form the perspective of gay and lesbian populations. This paper analyzes the assumptions underlying the biological and genetic approaches, learning theory, psychoanalytic perspective, and sociological models as they relate to alcoholism and homosexuality.
Role of gut pathogens in development of irritable bowel syndrome

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most commonly identifiable risk factors for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A number of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens have been found to be associated with the development of IBS and other functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Epidemiological studies have identified demographic and acute enteritis-related risk factors for the development of post-infectious-IBS (PI-IBS). Immune dysregulation, alterations in barrier function, serotonergic and mast cell activation have been identified as potential pathophysiological mechanisms. Additionally, variations in host genes involved in barrier function, antigen presentation and cytokine response have been associated with PI-IBS development. However, it is unknown whether specific pathogens have unique effects on long-term alterations in gut physiology or different pathogens converge to cause common alterations resulting in similar phenotype. The role of microbial virulence and pathogenicity factors in development of PI-IBS is also largely unknown. Additionally, alterations in host gut sensation, motility, secretion, and barrier function in PI-IBS need to be elucidated. Finally, both GI infections and antibiotics used to treat these infections can cause long-term alterations in host commensal microbiota. It is plausible that alteration in the commensal microbiome persists in a subset of patients predisposing them to develop PI-IBS.
Molecular characterization of Shaker, a Drosophila gene that encodes a potassium channel

The Drosophila Shaker (Sh) gene appears to encode a type of voltage-sensitive potassium (K+) channel called the A channel. We have isolated Sh as part of a 350 kb chromosomal walk. The region around Sh contains four identified transcription units. We find that Sh corresponds to a very large transcription unit encompassing a total of about 95 kb of genomic DNA and split by a major 85 kb intron. Sh has multiple hydrophobic domains that have a high probability of being membrane-spanning, consistent with the proposal that it encodes an ion channel.
Localization of mRNA and Receptor Binding Sites for the alpha sub 1a-Adrenoceptor Subtype in the Rat, Monkey and Human Urinary Bladder and Prostate

ABSTRACTPurpose: To localize the mRNAs and receptor binding sites for the alpha sub 1a/A, alpha1b/B and alpha1d/D-adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes in the rat, monkey and human urinary bladder and prostate.Materials and Methods: alpha1-AR mRNAs were localized on slide mounted tissue sections by in situ hybridization using [sup 35 S]-labeled subtype specific oligonucleotide probes. alpha1-AR receptor binding sites were localized on slide mounted tissue sections by competitive displacement of [sup 3 H]-prazosin using subtype selective ligands.Results: Only the alpha1a-AR subtype mRNA was discernible by in situ hybridization. The alpha1a-AR mRNA was localized in all smooth muscle areas of the rat, monkey and human urinary bladder and prostate. High levels of alpha1a mRNA were detected in bladder dome and bladder base urothelium. Competitive displacement studies using the alpha1A-AR selective ligand SNAP 5272 revealed that the alpha1A-AR represented over 80% of the total alpha1-AR in monkey bladder and prostate. In ...
Eukaryotic Expression of Recombinant Biglycan POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY STRUCTURE FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Biglycan is a small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan found in many tissues and is structurally related to decorin, fibromodulin, and lumican. The biological function of biglycan is poorly understood, although several studies have indicated interaction with other extracellular matrix components. We have initiated studies of structural and functional domains of biglycan by transient eukaryotic expression using the vaccinia virus/T7 bacteriophage expression system. A recombinant vaccinia virus, vBGN4 encoding the mature biglycan core protein as a polyhistidine fusion protein under control of the T7 phage promoter was expressed in HT-1080 cells and UMR106 cells. The structure of the recombinant biglycan secreted by these cells was defined by analyzing molecules labeled in the presence of [35S]sulfate, [3H]glucosamine, and [35S]methionine. Glycoforms of biglycan were separated by imidazole gradient elution, under non-denaturing conditions, and comprised: a large proteoglycan form substituted with two chondroitin sulfate chains of molecular mass approximately 34 kDa (HT-1080 cells) or approximately 40 kDa (UMR106 cells); a small proteoglycan form substituted with two chondroitin sulfate chains with a median molecular mass approximately 28 kDa; and a core protein form secreted devoid of glycosaminoglycan chains. All the glycoforms were substituted with two N-linked oligosaccharides, and the disaccharide composition of the two glycosaminoglycan populations were identical. Approximately 70% of the recombinant biglycan secreted by HT-1080 cells was substituted with chondroitin sulfate chains, whereas about 50% of the biglycan expressed by UMR106 cells was substituted with chondroitin sulfate chains. Infection with vBGN4 in both HT-1080 and UMR106 cells resulted in the production of approximately 10 mg of biglycan/10(9) cells per 24 h. The native recombinant biglycan was shown to bind to collagen type V and the complement protein, C1q. However, when the secondary structure of recombinant biglycan was disrupted by exposure to 4 M guanidine hydrochloride, the affinity for collagen type V was dramatically reduced. These data demonstrate the importance of secondary structure to the function of this small proteoglycan.
Delayed fertilization and preimplantation loss in senescent golden hamsters.

To investigate whether the presence of large numbers of nonviable ova and the delay in embryonic development in senescent female hamsters could result from delayed fertilization the early stages of fertilization and development in young and senescent hamsters were compared. Ova were collected at from 1 hour to 3 1/2 days postovulation from 120 virgins aged 3-5 months and from 172 multiparas aged 14-17 months. It was found that fertilization of ova from aged animals was delayed 2-5 hours beyond time of fertilization in young animals which was attributed to prolongation of the spermatozoons pentration of the zona pellucida and vitellus. 40% of the ova from the senescent group were nonviable at time of implantation which appeared to be in part a result of the delayed fertilization. When the number of ova from 3-day-pregnant young was compared with the number from 3 1/2-day-pregnant senescent animals the former group had 4.2 more ova on the average (p less than .001) indicating the importance of preimplantation loss in senescent animals. A developmental lag in zygotes from senescent animals became apparent at 2 days. It is concluded that preimplantation loss is the most important cause of declining litter size in aging hamsters and that the delay in fertilization is the primary factor contributing to loss of ovum viability.
The Role of Convectively Generated Rear-Inflow Jets in the Evolution of Long-Lived Mesoconvective Systems

Abstract In this study, the structure of convectively generated rear-inflow jets and their role in the evolution of long-lived mesoconvective systems are investigated through an analysis of idealized three-dimensional simulations using a nonhydrostatic cloud model. Rear-inflow jets are generated within these systems in response to the upshear-tilting of the convective circulation, as the horizontal buoyancy gradients along the back edge of the expanding system create a circulation that draws midlevel air in from the rear. Within this framework, a wide range of rear-inflow strengths and structures are produced, depending on the magnitude of the ambient convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the vertical wind shear. In general, for environments characterized by weak-to-moderate vertical wind shear and weak-to moderate CAPE, the rear-inflow jet descends and spreads along the surface well behind the leading edge of the gust front, and the subsequent convective activity becomes weaker. However, for e...
Regulatory interactions and role in cell type specification of the Malpighian tubules by the cut, Krüppel, and caudal genes of Drosophila.

Abstract Kruppel and caudal genes are both required for normal segmentation of the embryo, and the developmental regulatory gene cut is necessary for the normal specification of external sensory organs. These three genes are also expressed in the Malpighian tubules before and during differentiation. Two of the genes, Kruppel and cut , are known to be required for development of the tubules. We report that the absence of maternal and zygotic caudal function reduces their normal growth and elongation. Normal Kruppel function, which is known to be required for caudal expression, is also required for cut expression, while cut and caudal are expressed independently of each other. Cell type transformations of Malpighian tubules were studied by examining the effects of mutations on the expression of markers specific to Malpighian tubules, hindgut, or midgut of normal embryos. Loss of Kruppel activity confers hindgut characteristics to those cells that normally form the Malpighian tubules with all markers tested. Loss of cut function alters the expression of some markers but not others. The pathway of tissue specific gene regulation, apparently, branches beyond Kruppel to form at least a cut and a caudal branch.
Ground-state properties of metallic lithium

Abstract Electronic properties of bulk lithium at zero temperature were calculated by the variational and diffusion many-body quantum Monte Carlo algorithm over the range from 20-fold expansion to 100-fold compression. Total energies, zero-pressure properties, pair distribution functions, and electron densities were determined, as well as the localization-delocalization regimes of the 1s core electrons at extreme pressures and of the 2s conduction electrons in expanded crystals (the metal-insulator transition). The accuracy of several trial wavefunctions was assessed. At normal pressures, trial wavefunctions consisting of simple analytic forms were more accurate and computationally efficient than those generated by band theory.
A global survey of the bacteria within earthworm nephridia

Earthworms comprise 16 described families in the Crassiclitellata plus a few other minor groups. Microscopy studies of the early 20th century detected bacteria within the excretory organs, the nephridia, of species within a few of these families. More recent evidence for the consistent and specific association of bacteria with nephridia within the Lumbricidae has been well documented, but the presence and identity of nephridial bacteria among the rest of the Crassiclitellata families had not been explored. The study presented here aimed to identify members of Crassiclitellata families that harbor bacteria in their nephridia, and identify these bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Eleven earthworm families were surveyed from countries of six continents, and two island nations. The results revealed members of four bacterial orders commonly occurred within nephridia of genera within nine Crassiclitellata families. Members of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes (order Sphingobacteriales), Betaproteobacteria (order Burkholderiales; family Comamonadaceae), and Alphaproteobacteria (orders Rhodospirillales and Rhizobiales) were detected in the nephridia of basal Crassiclitellata, as well as in derived families. Earthworm genera with meronephridia, multiple small nephridia per segment, lacked bacteria, whereas bacteria were often detected in holonephridia, single pairs of large nephridia with a distinct morphology and external excretory pore. The Acanthodrilidae members, a large derived family of earthworms, did not appear to possess nephridial bacteria regardless of nephridial form. Although earthworms from a variety of habitat types were sampled, there were no clear correlations of lifestyle with symbiont types, with the exception of the aquatic earthworms that contained bacteria unrelated to those in any other earthworms. The findings support an evolutionarily long association of bacteria within the Crassiclitellata, and suggest a contribution to nitrogen conservation for the earthworms.
Effects of age and gender on CNS serotonergic responsivity in normal adults.

Abstract The effects of age and genderon central nervous system (CNS) serotonergic responsivity were asseseed with a neuroendocrine challenge test in 30 normal adults. Subjects ⩾30 years of age, compared with younger subjects, exhibited decreased prolactin secretion in response to a 60-mg oral dose of dl-fendluramine hydrochloride, an indirect serotonin agonist. Furthermore, women had greater prolactin responses than men. As prolactin secretory capacity appears to be stable through midlife, the age-associated decrease in fenfluramine-induced prolactin release suggests a decline in CNS serotonergic In contrast, the finding of greater prolactin release in women than in men probably reflects the effects of nonserotonergic modulatory influences at the level of the lactotroph. Age and gender effects must be considered in studies of the CNS serotonergic system.
Obtaining high-purity fused refractory oxides

Using yttrium oxide and aluminum oxide as examples we demonstrated the possibility of successfully using the induction heating method in a cold crucible for obtaining fused refractory materials possessing a high purity. The contamination of the charge by the crucible material during melting does not exceed 10−3%.
An Improved Mach-Box Approach for Supersonic Oscillatory Pressures

An analytical refinement of the Mach-box approach has been developed which provides greatly improved supersonic oscillatory pressure distributions with almost no increase in computer time over that required by the original formulation. The refinement consists, in part, of applying physically justifiable weighting factors to the terms of the aerodynamic influence coefficient matrix. Unlike approaches that employ curve smoothing to eliminate the erratic undulations in computed pressures obtained by the basic method, the present analysis produces well-behaved pressure distributions while retaining essential flow discontinuities. Furthermore, the present method is more cost-effective than approaches relying on refinements in the aerodynamic grid to obtain comparable improvements in the calculated pressures.
A computational model for predicting damage evolution in laminated composite plates

A model is developed herein for predicting the evolution of interface degradation, matrix cracking, and delamination at multiple sites in laminated continuous fiber composite plates subjected to monotonic and/or cyclic mechanical loading. Due to the complicated nature of the many cracks and their interactions, a multi-scale micro-meso-local-global methodology is deployed in order to model all damage modes. Interface degradation is first modeled analytically on the microscale, and the results are homogenized to produce a cohesive zone model that is capable of predicting interface fracture. Subsequently, matrix cracking in the plies is modeled analytically on the meso-scale, and this result is homogenized to produce ply level damage dependent constitutive equations. The evolution of delaminations is considered on the local scale, and this effect is modeled using a three dimensional finite element algorithm. Results of this analysis are homogenized to produce damage dependent laminate equations. Finally, global response of the damaged plate is modeled using a plate finite element algorithm. Evolution of all three modes of damage is predicted via interfacing all four scales into a single multi-scale algorithm that is computationally tenable for use on a desktop computer. Results obtained herein suggest that this model may be capable of accurately predicting complex damage patterns such as that observed at open holes in laminated plates.
Multiseasonal management of an agricultural pest. I: Development of the theory☆

Abstract A framework for analyzing the trade-off between economic yield from a crop and buildup of resistance to pesticide caused by repeated applications of pesticide is developed. The analysis begins with the case of age-independent pest dynamics, in which pests infest a field by arriving from an external pool. Initially, it is assumed that the pest genetics of interest are single locus, two allele, with resistance to pesticide dominant and susceptible pests more fit in the absence of spraying. The pesticide is applied only once during the season, with timing and intensity of the application as control variables. Interseasonal pest and crop dynamics are studied by solving appropriate ordinary differential equations. Intraseasonal pest dynamics are assumed to follow the Hardy-Weinberg formula. It is shown that the three class diploid model can be replaced by a two class haploid model with essentially no change in the results. A model based on partial differential equations is developed, for the case in which pest dynamics depend upon age, and it is shown that the partial differential equation model can be replaced by a pair of coupled ordinary differential equations. The main operational conclusion in this paper is that the timing of the application of pesticide can be used to control buildup of resistance and that the intensity of the application can be used to control the crop yield.
Reactions of thyroid glands to juxtathyroidal implants of thyrotropic agents.

Detection and measurement of small amounts of thyrotropin, such as might be included in a single pituitary gland, is extremely difficult, if not impossible, by ordinary techniques. The following experiments, in which hypophyseal and control material were implanted in direct contact with the thyroid glands of otherwise intact test animals, were designed for this purpose. In some tests the thyrotropic materials were permitted to remain in contact with the thyroid for as long as nine months to determine the effect of prolonged localized inequality in thyroidarfunction. In other tests the treated animals weresacrificed after 100 hours of contact with the implant to conform to a commonly used interval of observation in bioassay of hypophyseal materials. In the 100-hour tests 23 200-gram guinea pigs of both sexes and 35 threemonth- old male CFWstrain mice were used. Of the guinea pigs, six were aseptically implanted with adult male mouse pituitaries, and six with mouse muscle; five were untreated.
Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder.

ABSTRACT Objective: Research suggests 25% to 35% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have comorbid anxiety disorders. This double-blind study compared atomoxetine with placebo for treating pediatric ADHD with comorbid anxiety, as measured by the ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version: Investigator Administered and Scored (ADHDRS-IV-PI) and the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). Method: Patients (ages 8-17 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and/or social phobia were randomized to 12 weeks of atomoxetine ( n = 87) or placebo ( n = 89). ADHDRS-IV-PI and PARS total scores were analyzed using analysis of covariance last observation carried forward and repeated-measures analyses. Results: Sixty-six patients in each group completed the study. Mean ADHDRS-IV-PI total score improved significantly for atomoxetine ( n = 55; −10.5, SD 10.6) relative to placebo ( n = 58; −1.4, SD 8.3; p n = 55; −5.5, SD 4.8) relative to placebo ( n = 58; −3.2, SD 5.0; p = .011). Conclusions: Atomoxetine was efficacious in reducing ADHD symptoms in patients who have ADHD with comorbid anxiety and was well tolerated. There was also a significant reduction in independently assessed anxiety symptoms using both clinician-rated and self-rated measures, which merits further investigation. Results support consideration of atomoxetine for the treatment of ADHD in youths who have ADHD with comorbid anxiety disorder. Clinical trial registration information: The LYBP study, on which this article is based, was not registered at clinicaltrials.gov because the last patient visit occurred before July 1, 2005. Results, however, are publicly posted at lillytrials.com and clinicalstudyresults.org. The unique study ID at both sites is 6477a.
Development of Organizational Memory in Presidential Agencies

This article models how organizational memory develops and applies that model to three presidential agencies. Such memory is information generated within an organization, providing a sense of identity and an ability to learn. It enables staff agencies to ground information and advice to the president in sound historical knowledge. Presidential demands and extrapresidential responsibilities influence six organizational features, which in turn affect how memory develops. Usually, presidential requirements disrupt memory, and extrapresidential demands facilitate it. Data from staff interviews allow application of the model to staff components of the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Council on Environmental Quality. As expected, OMB receives the most extrapresidential pressures and the fewest presidential demands, and its organizational features help memory to develop. NSC depends on the president alone, and its features deter memory development. CEQ receives few externa...
Mutations in Hsp83 and cdc37 impair signaling by the sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase in Drosophila

A highly conserved signal cascade functions subsequent to receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Signaling by the sevenless receptor, required for differentiation of the R7 photoreceptor neuron in Drosophila, is reduced by mutations in E(sev)3A and E(sev)3B. We show here that E(sev)3A is a member of the Hsp90 family of stress proteins and that E(sev)3B encodes a homolog of the cell cycle control protein Cdc37 from S. cerevisiae. Mutations in E(sev)3B also dominantly enhance mutations in Dmcdc2, the gene encoding the p34 protein kinase that regulates the G2/M transition. Together, these data support a role for Hsp90 proteins in tyrosine kinase regulation and suggest that signals promoting neuronal differentiation may involve cell cycle control.
An improved randomized response model: estimation of mean

In this paper, we suggest a new randomized response model useful for collecting information on quantitative sensitive variables such as drug use and income. The resultant estimator has been found to be better than the usual additive randomized response model. An interesting feature of the proposed model is that it is free from the known parameters of the scrambling variable unlike the additive model due to Himmelfarb and Edgell [S. Himmelfarb and S.E. Edgell, Additive constant model: a randomized response technique for eliminating evasiveness to quantitative response questions, Psychol. Bull. 87(1980), 525–530]. Relative efficiency of the proposed model has also been studied with the corresponding competitors. At the end, an application of the proposed model has been discussed.
Effects of the Size of ULV Droplets on Deposits within Cotton Foliage Both Inside and Immediately Downwind from a Treated Swath

Results of field tests using controlled sizes of droplets showed that uniformity of deposit in the treated area increased by both controlling sizes and by increasing the size of droplets. Drops per square inch deposited within cotton foliage were sampled on 1-ft intervals. The deposit at a particular level was found to be 50% of the deposit taken 1-ft above the given sample. A droplet of approximately 140 μ appears to be the minimum size that can be released, without other controlling factors, and be deposited dependably in or near the treated area.
Photonic band gap in a disordered two-dimensional structure: Transmission properties of porous anodic alumina films

We present out-of-plane transmission spectra of disordered porous anodic alumina films infiltrated with various liquids. A distinct drop in transmission in the visible spectral region, corresponding to a photonic band gap, is observed for both H- and E-polarizations.
Bacterial Adhesion to Protein-Coated Hydrogels

Extended wear soft contact lenses have been implicated in the increased occurrence of corneal bacterial infections. This research investigated the effects of polymer chemistry, water content, and p...
Beat Frequency Locking In Passive Ring Laser Gyroscopes

Several years ago Ezekiel proposed and built a passive ring laser gyroscope whereby laser light is injected into an optical cavity via an external source'. The passive approach has potentially several advantages over the active ring gyro, as has been pointed out by Ezekiel and others 2,3,4. Among them are elimination of Langmuir flow effects and elimination of magnetic field sensitivity. When considering the passive RLG it might appear that it should not exhibit the beat frequency locking phenomenons. We wish to point out that at least under some conditions, the passive gyro should show locking behavior.
Hormonal induction of female sexual behavior in male and female hamsters

Abstract High levels of lordosis behavior were observed in female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after 15 consecutive daily injections of 6.6 μg estradiol benzoate (EB). In a second experiment, when males were similarly injected they showed lower, but reliable, levels of lordosis. In males, repeated testing indicated that a high level of responsivity was present after 6 days of EB (6.6 μg) treatment, while the lordosis behavior of oil-injected males remained very low during repeated tests. In these experiments the lordosis responses of EB-primed hamsters of both sexes was further enhanced when progesterone (5.0 mg) was injected 4 hr before testing. In a third experiment, males that received EB-priming (6,6 or 666 μg) for 48 hr and progesterone 4 hr before testing again showed increases in lordosis behavior, but the level of lordosis was not related to the dose of EB administered. Males receiving EB treatment (6.6 or 666 μg) followed by oil were not significantly more responsive after 48 hr of treatment than males receiving only oil injections. A very low, but apparently reliable level of lordosis was observed in untreated or oil-treated castrated male hamsters. Untreated female hamsters rarely showed lordosis behavior following ovariectomy.
Distribution and significance of diplandroids among the diploid solanums

Clones of several diploid species capable of generating diplandroids (2n pollen) were identified by screening for the occurrence of 2n pollen. Diplandroid production was detected inSolatium bukasovi, S. canasense,S. cardiophyllum, S. chacoense, S. leptostigma, S. megistacrolobum, S. tarijense, S. tuberosum Group Phureja and Group Stenotomum. Parallel spindles at Ana II was the mechanism producing 2n pollen inS. chacoense, Group Phureja, and Group Stenotomum. The widespread distribution both taxonomically and geographically suggests a possible role for diplandroids in evolution. It also encourages exploration of a proposed breeding method in which tetraploids are generated from 2x × 2x matings.
Finitely generated pseudocomplemented distributive lattices

If L is a pseudocomplemented distributive lattice which is generated by a finite set X , then we will show that there exists a subset G of L which is associated with X in a natural way that ¦ G ¦ ≦ ¦ X ¦ + 2 ¦ x ¦ and whose structure as a partially ordered set characterizes the structure of L to a great extent. We first prove in Section 2 as a basic fact that each element of L can be obtained by forming sums (joins) and products (meets) of elements of G only. Thus, L considered as a distributive lattice with 0,1 (the operation of pseudocomplementation deleted), is generated by G . We apply this to characterize for example, the maximal homomorphic images of L in each of the equational subclasses of the class B ω of pseudocomplemented distributive lattices, and also to find the conditions which have to be satisfied by G in order that X freely generates L .
Improving immune reconstitution after cord blood transplantation using ex vivo expanded virus-specific T cells: a phase I clinical study

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of adult disability and IS patients have few options to augment the rehabilitation process. The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a treatment of stroke has shown promise. One significant limitation to the use of autologousMSCs for stroke is that cells cannnot be transfused until 5 weeks post-IS due to the time required for expansion. We hypothesize that treating patients with MSCs within 48 hours of a stroke may improve outcomes. We plan to expedite the time-to-infusion by using banked allogeneic-MSCs. Here we have compared the use of an automated cell culture device (the Quantum by Terumo BCT), which uses 2.1m of hollow fibers in a bioreactor (equivalent to w120 T-175cm flasks), to our current flask-based method. In flasks, human bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (BMMC) were seeded at 5 105 BMMC/cm in T-175cm flasks and split 1:4 when near confluence. In the Quantum, w25 mL of unprocessed BM was added to the bioreactor. After w14 days, cells were harvested and 2.0-3.5 107 cells were re-seeded in a new bioreactor for w6 days. After 3-4 passages in flasks, an average of 2.89 108 MSCs were expanded from fourBMdonors.MSCsharvestedafter2passages in theQuantumyieldedanaverage of 6.63 108 cells. MSCs expanded in both flasks and the Quantum were analyzed by flow cytometry and met the ISCT minimum criteria for MSC (CD73, CD105,CD90 expression). Expanded MSCs were sterile, were free from chromosomal abnormalities, and differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in vitro.The production of 5 108MSCs inflasks required 101-hours of labor compared to 21-hours with the Quantum. We estimated that during the manufacture of MSCs in flasks, there were 600 open events compared to 9 in the Quantum. This project is supported by NHLBI-PACT, contract # HHSN268 201000007C.
Defying Displacement: Organizing for a Beautiful Life in Flagstaff, Arizona

This article is a reflection on practice from anthropologists and community organizers working together to affect policy change related to health. In particular, we describe a successful organizing effort to oppose the displacement of low-income residents of a mobile home park. We argue that this victory was in part because of the approach of key members of the organizing coalition, who viewed the work of policy change as a process of leadership development and community collaboration rather than top-down advocacy. Here, we show the ways that an anthropological approach to policy change was built into the work of the coalition, intersecting with community organizing theories and methods. This has led to political change and an ongoing process of coalition-building and leadership development that has the potential to change public discussion and decision making on health-related issues for years to come.
A thermodynamic model for force integration and microtubule assembly during axonal elongation

We present here a thermodynamic model for tension and compression forces within axons (neurites) of the specific neural-cell line, PC 12, which seems generally applicable to neuronal growth. We suggest that these forces play a crucial role in microtubule assembly during axonal elongation. The Gibbs free energy change for the axonal elongation phase of neuronal growth is modeled as the sum of the extensional work for pulling on a random actin network, work of assembly for compressed microtubules and surface energy terms. This model explains the results of previously published experiments concerning axonal stability and microtubule polymerization and has been used to predict other phenomena.
REPLY TO COMMENTS ON “THE INVASION OF THE MIND”

Having been trained in both engineering and philosophy, I am extremely sensitive to the use of words. I choose words as a result very carefully. One of the key words in my article was clearly “speculation.” No one was more aware than I that I was offering a bold speculation. Given this recognition, I was well aware of the “evidential support base” of my speculation.
Abdominal insufflation with CO2 causes peritoneal acidosis independent of systemic pH.

We have shown that the inflammation-attenuating effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy are not due to changes in systemic pH. However, acidification of peritoneal macrophages in an in vitro CO2 environment has been shown to reduce LPS-mediated cytokine release. We tested the hypothesis that the peritoneum is locally acidotic during abdominal insufflation with CO2deven when systemic pH is corrected. Rats (n = 20) were anesthetized and randomized into two groups: continued spontaneous ventilation (SV) or intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV). All animals were then subjected to abdominal insufflation with CO2. Mean arterial pH among SV rats decreased significantly from baseline after 15 and 30 minutes of CO2 pneumoperitoneum (7.329→7.210→7.191, P < 0.05), while arterial pH among MV rats remained relatively constant (7.388→7.245→7.316, P = NS). In contrast, peritoneal pH dropped significantly from baseline and remained low for both groups during CO2 abdominal insufflation (SV 6.74 → 6.41 → 6.40, P < 0.05; MV 6.94 → 6.45 → 6.45, P < 0.05). In a second experiment, rats (n = 10) were randomized to receive abdominal insufflation with either CO2 or helium. Abdominal insufflation with helium did not significantly affect peritoneal pH (7.10 → 7.02 →6.95, P = NS), and the decrease in pH among CO2-insufflated animals was significant compared with helium-insufflated animals (P < 0.05). Peritoneal pH returned to baseline levels in all groups within 15 minutes of desufflation in both experiments. A significant local peritoneal acidosis occurs during laparoscopy which is specifically attributable to the use of CO2 and which is independent of systemic pH. These data provide additional evidence that localized peritoneal acidosis is central to the mechanism of CO2-mediated attenuation of the inflammatory response following laparoscopic surgery.
Endometrial stromal sarcomas.

This study is a clinicopathologic evaluation of seven patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma of pure homologous type. Histologic distinction from endometrial stromatosis was based on the presence of high mitotic activity and nuclear anaplasia. One sarcoma appeared to have originated from invasive stromatosis. All patients died within 27 months although the tumor was judged to have been confined to the uterus at the time of hysterectomy in five patients. The aggressive clinical behavior and high mortality rate documented in this and other studies indicate that stromal sarcoma should be distinguished from the better differentiated and more indolent endometrial stromal tumor known as stromatosis or endolymphatic stromal myosis. It is suggested that surgery be supplemented by irradiation and/or chemotherapy as primary treatment for stromal sarcoma in view of its dismal prognosis. Cancer 40:898–906, 1977.
Disappearance of the N=14 shell

An excited state of $^{22}\mathrm{N}$ unbound with respect to neutron emission was observed in a stripping reaction from a 85 MeV/nucleon $^{26}\mathrm{F}$ beam. The observed decay energy of 650(50) keV places the level, which is interpreted to be the first ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state, at an excitation energy of 1.93(22) MeV. Together with the previously measured bound states of $^{22}\mathrm{N}$, reduction of the $N=14$ shell gap compared to less neutron-rich nitrogen isotopes at the neutron dripline is observed. Based on the magnitude of the reduction of the shell gap for $^{22}\mathrm{N}$, a disappearance of the gap and even a level inversion of the $\ensuremath{\nu}1{s}_{1/2}$ and the $\ensuremath{\nu}0{d}_{5/2}$ levels in the neutron-unbound nucleus $^{21}\mathrm{C}$ seems likely.
Mineralization of peptide amphiphile nanofibers and its effect on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Abstract One of the important targets in regenerative medicine is to design resorbable materials that can promote formation of new bone in large skeletal defects. One approach to this challenge is to use a bioactive and biodegradable organic matrix that can promote cellular adhesion and direct differentiation. We have here studied matrices composed of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) that self-assemble into nanofibers and create self-supporting gels under cell culture conditions. The bioactivity of PAs was designed by incorporating in their peptide sequences phosphoserine residues, to promote hydroxyapatite formation in the culture medium, and the cell adhesion epitope RGDS. In osteogenic medium supplemented with calcium the PA nanofibers were found to nucleate spheroidal nanoparticles of crystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite approximately 100 nm in diameter. This mineralization mode is not epitaxial relative to the long axis of the nanofibers and occurs in the presence of serine or phosphoserine residues in the peptide sequence of the amphiphiles. Mixing of the phosphoserine-containing PAs with 5 wt.% RGDS-containing PA molecules does not inhibit formation of the mineral nanoparticles. Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin expression suggest that these mineralized matrices promote osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Based on ALP expression, the presence of phosphoserine residues in PA nanofibers seems to favor osteogenic differentiation.