cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin-orbit coupling in Fermi-liquid theory.

The Landau theory of Fermi liquids is extended to include spin-orbit coupling. After constructing the general form of the quasiparticle interaction (which allows spin-orbit coupling), forward-scattering sum rules, static properties such as the sound velocity and magnetic susceptibility, and the stability conditions are derived. Some possible applications of this theory are considered.
Contralateral trigeminal dysaesthesias associated with second cervical nerve compression: a case report

This 70-year-old woman presented with a left C2 solitary metastatic lesion producing ipsilateral occipital pain associated with contralateral fronto-orbital dysaesthesias. Examination revealed analgesia in the left C2 dermatome and hyperaesthesia in the right forehead. These symptoms and findings resolved following a course of radiation therapy to the C2 metastasis. Ipsilateral trigeminal dysaesthesias produced by cervical lesions have been described, however, contralateral cervicogenic trigeminal dysaesthesias have not. Relevant experimental data are analysed; neural pathways are suggested by which a cervical lesion, especially at C2 or C3, may produce trigeminal dysaesthesias referred ipsilaterally or contralaterally.
Examination of contraceptive perceptions and usage among Los Angeles County women.

Contraceptive perceptions and usage of 583 married women in Los Angeles County (California) aged 18-49 are examined. Respondents perceived vasectomy as the most positive method of birth control in terms of its effectiveness safety interference with enjoyment convenience and overall desirability. The pill was rated 2nd on the same criteria followed by the IUD and the diaphragm. The most widely used method of birth control currently in use was the pill (29.5% of contraceptive users) followed by vasectomy (18%) and IUD (14%). Only 4.7% of women surveyed reported currently using the diaphragm. Women who had at one time used a contraceptive method generally perceived it more favorably than those who had never used it and current users of a method were found to rate it the most favorably. The exception to this was the diaphragm where those who had used it perceived it as being less convenient than nonusers. The findings suggest that only a small proportion of the variance in contraceptive usage can be explained by a methods perceived attributes. Multivariate analyses showed safety and convenience to be the variables most closely related to overall desirability.
Superconvecting geothermal zones

Abstract Groundwater will circulate in a permeable medium by a process of natural convection if a sufficient temperature gradient exists. In the vicinity of the fluid critical point, the natural convective circulation increases dramatically. Laboratory data are presented which show that heat transfer rates in a permeable medium can increase by a factor of 70 in the vicinity of the critical point. The conditions for this type of superconvection are shown to be compatible with expected geologic conditions above magma bodies in the crust. This enhanced heat transfer process has potential application to energy extraction concepts and is shown to be capable of yielding heat extraction rates of 12 kW/m 2 . A number of geophysical implications, such as shallow pooling of magma as sills, are briefly discussed.
Coordinate and differential regulation of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase and proenkephalin mRNAs by neural and hormonal mechanisms in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells

Abstract Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells (AM) in a chemically defined media were used to examine the role of neural and hormonal factors in the expression of proenkephalin A (pEK), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes. Acetylcholine or nicotine reduced cellular content of catecholamines by 30% and increased the relative abundance of pEK, TH, and PNMT mRNAs. The increases produced by acetylcholine were +129%, +147%, and +43% for pEK, TH, and PNMT mRNA, respectively. The kinetics of increases produced by nicotine were different for the 3 mRNAs, with pEK and TH showing enhanced levels over 48 h incubation, while PNMT showed increase during the initial 18 h (+90%) followed by decline to control levels at 48 h. 8-Br cAMP and forskolin elicited a similar pattern of changes as nicotine, suggesting that cyclic AMP may be involved in the mediation of the nicotinic effects. To examine the role of depletion of cellular catecholamines in the regulation of mRNA levels, cells were exposed to tetrabenazine or reserpine. Decreases in cellular catecholamine contents were accompanied by increases in TH and pEK mRNA levels, while the expression of PNMT gene exhibited a transient 4-fold increase and then profound inhibition (60–95%) over a 48-h period. The tetrabenazine effect on TH and pEK mRNA was reduced by α-amanitin, suggesting transcriptionally-mediated regulation. Inductions of pEK but not TH or PNMT mRNAs were inhibited by cycloheximide. Hormonal regulation of TH, PNMT, and pEK mRNAs was examined by incubation of cells with dexamethasone. Low concentrations of dexamethasone (0.1, 10 nM) were effective to increase PNMT (+35%, +90%) and pEK (+27%, 45%) mRNA levels. TH mRNA was not affected by similar concentrations of dexamethasone, however, there was a 45% increase at 1 μM. Dexamethasone-elicited increases in PNMT mRNA levels were observed at 48 h and persisted up to 7 days, suggesting that hormonal mechanisms may be distinct from those mediating effects of nicotine, cAMP or tetrabenazine. Taken together, these results indicate that (1) the level of TH, PNMT, and pEK mRNAs are regulated by direct neural (acetylcholine) and hormonal (glucocorticoid) inputs to adrenal medullary cells; (2) effects of acetylcholine could be mediated by cyclic AMP and alterations in catecholamine content; and (3) expression of individual genes is regulated differentially. Such differential regulation of TH, PNMT, and pEK mRNAs may contribute to the long-term selective control of hormonal output from adrenomedullary cells.
Accuracy Tests of Frequency Domain Immersion Technique

We use comparison with conventional techniques and Mie theory to test the accuracy of the frequency domair immersion technique for absorption and scattering property measurements.
Colorimetric differentiation of hexosamines.

Abstract A colorimetric method is introduced to differentiate glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine. Direct evaluation of galactosamine in mixture with glucosamine was possible since galactosamine was essentially the only component responsible for the color of the reaction; the influence of glucosamine on the intensity of the color was negligible. The proposed method has been found highly satisfactory for the analysis of hexosamines in preparations of mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, and articular cartilage. The present report also includes observations on the reactivity of hexosamines with acetylacetone which has extended the usefulness of the Elson-Morgan reaction as a method of differentiating amino sugars. It also proposes the possible mechanism of the reaction.
SL2+: H5 use case

Photomask contamination inspections, whether performed at maskshops as an outgoing inspection or at wafer fabs for incoming shipping and handling or progressive defect monitoring, have been performed by KLA-Tencor STARlight systems for a number of design nodes. STARlight has evolved since it first appeared on the 3xx generation of KLA-Tencor mask inspection tools. It was improved with the TeraStar (also known as SLF) based tools with the SL1 algorithm. SL2 first appeared on the TeraScan systems (also known as 5xx) and has been widely adopted in both mask shops and wafer fabs. Design rules continue to advance as do inspection challenges. Advances in computer processing power have enabled more complex and powerful algorithms to be developed and applied to the STARlight technology. The current generation of STARlight, which is known as SL2+, implements improved modeling fidelity as well as a completely new paradigm to the existing STARlight technology known as HiRes5, or simply "H5". H5 is integrated seamlessly within SL2+ and provides die-to-die-like performance in both transmitted and reflected light, in addition to the STARlight detection, in unit time. It achieves this by automatically identifying repeating structures in both X and Y directions and applying image alignment and difference threshold. A leading mask shop partnered with KLA-Tencor in order to evaluate SL2+ at its facility. SL2+ demonstrated a high level of sensitivity on all test reticles, with good inspectability on advanced production reticles. High sensitivity settings were used for 45 nm HP and smaller design rule masks and low false detections were achieved. H5 provided additional sensitivity on production plates, demonstrating the ability to extend the use of SL2+ to cover 32 nm DR plate inspections. This paper reports the findings and results of this evaluation.
Queen recognition by brood-rearing workers of the ant Myrmica rubra L.

Abstract The means by which queens communicate their presence to workers and so influence broodrearing, in particular caste determination, have been analysed; both chemical and topographical stimuli are used. This follows from the fact that though dead inseminated queens are effective, the following are not: dead virgins (same shape but different smell), lipid extracted mature queens (same shape but no smell), parts of inseminated queens alone or together (same smell but different shape). This also rules out a drug-like influence on workers or larvae. The chemicals are not produced in the two main head glands, the mandibular and the pharyngeal, as no loss of potency follows their excision. The abdomen is the most likely source of a substance, the emission of which must vary seasonally.
Cytokine regulation of antigen-driven immunoglobulin production in filarial parasite infections in humans

Abstract To define the immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying serum IgE levels found in patients with filariasis, we studied polyclonal IgE production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 patients with filarial infections, with a focus on the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the generation and regulation of the response. Spontaneous in vitro IgE production was elevated in 10 of the 15 patients (836-6,464 pg/ml; normals, less than 500 pg/ml). Addition of filarial parasite antigen to PBMC cultures significantly stimulated polyclonal IgE production in an antigen dose-dependent manner in 10 of 12 patients tested (P less than 0.001). The essential role of IL-4 in the generation of this response was demonstrated when simultaneous addition of anti-IL-4 completely inhibited antigen-stimulated IgE production in all 10 patients studied. An inhibitory role of endogenously produced IFN-gamma was also indicated when the addition of anti-IFN-gamma to the cultures significantly augmented filarial antigen-stimulated IgE production by 33-1,238% in these same patients. Addition of 10-1,000 U/ml of recombinant human IFN-gamma to PBMC completely inhibited parasite antigen-induced IgE production. This study demonstrates that filarial antigen-stimulated IgE production in patients with filariasis is mediated by IL-4 and down regulated by IFN-gamma and suggests that the amount of IgE produced depends on the relative quantity of IL-4 and IFN-gamma generated by parasite-specific T cells.
Imitative language and symbolic maturity in the single-word period

The purpose of this investigation was to examine spontaneous vocal imitation and explore its relationship, if any, to symbolic maturity as revealed in, play. These two facets were examined during the period of single-word utterances and early multiword combinations. Language samples were drawn from videotaped data recorded in the homes of five female children at free play during a 1-year period. Results revealed that for these five children there were consistent patterns of imitation. Imitation at first was infrequent, increased rapidly, and then declined. Although the timing of imitation was not the same for each subject chronologically, its occurrence was consistent with symbolic development.
Site-specific estrogen and progestin regulation of orphanin FQ/nociceptin and nociceptin opioid receptor mRNA expression in the female rat limbic hypothalamic system.

The distributions of orphanin FQ (OFQ/N; also known as nociceptin) and its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like receptor-1 (NOP), overlap steroid-responsive regions throughout reproductive circuits of the limbic system and hypothalamus. For example, in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), OFQ/N facilitates lordosis in female rats through estrogen and progesterone regulation of nociceptin activity. We studied estrogen and progesterone regulation of OFQ/N and NOP mRNA expression in limbic-hypothalamic reproductive circuits. Ovariectomized rats were treated with 17β-estradiol-benzoate (2 μg) and 26 hours later with oil or progesterone (500 μg) and were killed 30 hours after initial treatment. Alternate brain sections were processed for OFQ/N or NOP mRNA in situ hybridization. High levels of hybridization for NOP and OFQ/N and overlapping distributions were observed throughout the limbic hypothalamic reproductive circuits; however, in VMH, only NOP expression was observed. Estrogen treatment increased NOP mRNA expression in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), median preoptic nucleus, and VMH. Subsequent progesterone treatment did not alter estrogen-induced expression of NOP mRNA in VMH or median preoptic nucleus but reduced expression in the AVPV. OFQ/N mRNA levels were also regulated by steroids. In the caudal part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala, estrogen increased OFQ/N mRNA levels, and progesterone did not alter this increase, whereas, in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus, estrogen and progesterone were needed to increase OFQ/N mRNA levels. Steroid regulation of OFQ/N and NOP in the medial preoptic nucleus and VMH is consistent with emerging data indicating that this opioid system regulates female reproduction. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:252–268, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Joining of Shape Memory NiTi to Structural Materials Using Ultrasonic Soldering

Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys can recover up to 8% of induced strain allowing such alloys to be used in the creation of solid-state actuators. Despite the unique properties of NiTi alloys, their implementation in structural applications is expensive, complex, and in some cases unfeasible due to limitations of traditional joining techniques. This research investigates the joining of NiTi to itself, aluminum 2024, O1 tool steel, and 304 stainless steel by Ultrasonic Soldering (USS), a process that can solder difficult to wet materials without the use of flux. The USS joints were evaluated through strength testing, optical microscopy, and maximum calculated von Mises equivalent stresses developed during testing. Lap shear tests show NiTi/NiTi, NiTi/aluminum 2024, NiTi/O1 tool steel, and NiTi/304 stainless steel USS joints have average ultimate shear strengths of 30.9 MPa, 53.8 MPa, 37.2 MPa, and 40.6 MPa, respectively.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Un bloc nerveux régional permet d'optimiser la technique de création d'un accès artério-veineux pour hémodialyse en améliorant la dilatation veineuse superficielle

Le probleme de la durabilite des acces vasculaires pour hemodialyse reste un probleme important chez les malades en insuffisance renale terminale. La creation d'une fistule arterio-veineuse (FAV) autogene dans la localisation la plus distale au niveau du membre superieur non dominant est la technique de choix et permet une meilleure permeabilite que les pontages arterio-veineux (TAV). D'autres ont montre que l'anesthesie regionale sous la forme d'un bloc axillaire entrainait la dilatation des veines natives et permettait leur utilisation plus frequente pour creer des FAV. Nous rapportons les observations de 26 malades ayant eu la creation d'un acces vasculaire pour hemodialyse. Une anesthesie generale consistant en un bloc axillaire a ete utilisee dans tous les cas. Tous les choix chirurgicaux concernant la topographie et le type d'acces ont ete faits en fonction de l'examen clinique et de la mesure echographique de la veine realisee avant l'intervention. Le jour de l'intervention, les malades ont ete reevalues a l'aide d'une echographie veineuse en utilisant un garrot avant et apres la realisation du bloc regional. Le plan operatoire determine au prealable est reste inchange ou a ete modifie en fonction de la dilatation veineuse notee apres l'administration du bloc regional. Parmi les 26 malades, le diametre moyen de la veine a augmente de 0,29 ± 0,12 cm a 0,34 ± 0,11 cm (p = 0,008). Vingt et uns des 26 malades n'ont pas eu de modification du plan operatoire (groupe 1). Cinq ont eu des modifications du plan operatoire initial (groupe 2) : pontage arterio-veineux sur une transposition de la veine humerale (n = 2), pontage arterio-veineux sur une fistule de Cimino (n = 2) et fistule brachio-cephalique sur une fistule de Cimino (n = 1). Le suivi moyen pour l'ensemble des malades a ete de 82,6 ± 75,6 jours et n'a pas differe entre les deux groupes. Il y a eu un echec chez les malades du groupe 1 et aucune difference significative dans les taux de permeabilite entre les deux groupes etudies (p = 0,029). Apres bloc nerveux regional, les plans operatoires chez les malades ayant la creation d'un acces arterio-veineux ont ete modifies dans 29,4 % des malades dans un acces arterio-veineux pour hemodialyse, du fait soit de la mise en place de la prothese, soit de la realisation d'une fistule plus proximale. L'utilisation systematique d'une anesthesie generale ainsi que de l'echographie per-operatoire au cours de la chirurgie des acces arterio-veineux est susceptible d'entrainer une amelioration de la selection du site et d'augmenter la possibilite de creation d'une FAV.
Observers for linearly unobservable nonlinear systems

We provide a method for constructing local observers for some nonlinear systems around a critical point where the linearization is not observable or not detectable. Two examples are provided to illustrate the results of the paper.
Generation Of A Sea-Like Random Surface

The concept of two-dimensional digital filtering is used to generate three-dimensional random surfaces with specified autocorrelation function. The unknown filter weights is found to be the inverse Fourier transform of the square root of the Fourier transform of the surface autocorrelation function (or the square root of the roughness spectrum). To generate the sea -like random surfaces with specification up to the second moment, ie., the correlation , accurate estimate of the two-dimensional anisotropic sea roughness spectrum must be known. A patch of sea surface with 300x300 data points obtained from stereo photography by Ocean Research and Engineering was used to estimate the sea surface autocorrelation function and roughness spectrum. The effect of both the sizes of the surface patch and the averaging of several patches on the estimate of the autocorrelation function was examined for a numerically generated surface with Gaussian correlation function . It is found that averaging different patches alone does not help in the estimation of the correlation function. However, averaging does help in the accuracy of the estimate of the correlation if the size of each patch is at least 20 times the correlation length. It is recommended that the estimation of autocorrelation function being handled in the following steps. First using the total data to estimate the correlation length of the surface. Secondly the correlation function is estimated by averaging estimates from smaller patches each with at least 20 times the correlation length in size. A sea-like random surface is generated following the above algorithm. The statistics calculated from the generated surface are in good agreement with the specifications.
Overexpectation in the context of reward timing

Abstract One of the many effects predicted by the Rescorla–Wagner model is overexpectation (OX). The OX effect is the finding that following compound training with two asymptotic elements, X and A, animals emit less conditioned responding (CR, e.g., nose poking) during tests of X alone compared to animals that did not receive compound training. We investigated the OX effect in the context of reward timing by training rats to expect sucrose at different times during X and recording the CR throughout the duration of X. Experiment 1 examined the OX effect using a traditional delayed conditioning procedure. In Experiment 2, the period during which sucrose was expected occurred either early or late during X. Tests revealed that less CR occurred in the OX group around the period that sucrose was previously overexpected, and was otherwise similar in response functions to the control group that did not receive the compound manipulation. These are the first studies pitting the effects of OX with an animal's ability to time their expectation of food.
1,2,4-Triazoles. XXV. The effect of pyridine substitution on the isomerization of s-Triazolo[4,3-a] pyridines into s-Triazolo[1,5-a] pyridines†

The isomerization of s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines into s-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines is greatly facilitated by electron withdrawing nitro substituents in the pyridine ring and retarded by electron donating amino groups.
Ray class field extensions of real quadratic fields and solvability of congruences

Abstract An explicit description is given of a process using classical class field theory to generate solvability criteria for a class of fourth degree congruences. The method involves finding generators and determining conductors for relatively quadratic extensions of a real quadratic base field. Several examples are given.
Determination of the flexural strength and elastic modulus of ice from in situ cantilever-beam tests

Abstract From the theory of cantilever beams on an elastic foundation, it is shown that the strength index and modulus index of ice can be determined from measurements of either the failure load or the tip deflection, or both, of in situ cantilever beams tested over a wide enough range of ratio of beam length to beam thickness. Four methods are proposed, two of which do not require the measurement of beam deflection during beam loading, an often difficult task to perform with sufficient reliability, especially in the field. The methods have been applied to available field and laboratory data. The initial results show reasonably consistent estimates of the strength index but a large variation in the predicted values of the modulus index. One preferred method is suggested but its validity and reliability need to be further evaluated by analyzing a sufficient number of field and laboratory tests.
Development of a Five-Dimensional Measure of Adult Sleep Quality

This article describes the development of a measure of adult sleep quality: the Adult Sleep-Wake Scale (ADSWS). The ADSWS is a self-report pencil-and-paper measure of sleep quality consisting of five behavioral dimensions (Going to Bed, Falling Asleep, Maintaining Sleep, Reinitiating Sleep, and Returning to Wakefulness). Data were collected from three samples. Study 1 describes the derivation of an initial pool of items. Further scale refinement is described in Studies 2 and 3. Construct validity of scores on the ADSWS was examined via correlations between ADSWS scores and scores on (1) two personality variables (Negative Affectivity and Positive Affectivity); (2) three work-related stressors (Interpersonal Conflict, Work Demands, and Job Ambiguity); and (3) three strain outcomes (Depression, Health Complaints, and Frustration). In Study 3, data were collected from participants across three time periods to assess estimates of test-retest reliability and convergent and divergent validity using procedures described by Campbell and Fiske. The findings indicate that the psychometric properties of scores on the ADSWS exceed criteria for use of an instrument in research settings. In addition, across all three studies, scores on ADSWS subscales correlated, as hypothesized, with personality, stressor, and strain variables.
Adjuvant potential of archaeal synthetic glycolipid mimetics critically depends on the glyco head group structure

Subunit vaccines capable of providing protective immunity against the intracellular pathogens and cancers that kill millions of people annually require an adjuvant capable of directing a sufficiently potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to purified antigens, without toxicity issues. Archaeosome lipid vesicles, prepared from isoprenoid lipids extracted from archaea, are one such adjuvant in development. Here, the stability of an archaeal core lipid 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol (archaeol) is used to advantage to synthesize a series of disaccharide archaeols and show that subtle variations in the carbohydrate head group alters the type and potency of immune responses mounted in a mammal. Critically, a glycosylarchaeol was required to elicit high cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell activity, with highest responses to the antigen entrapped in archaeosomes containing disaccharides of glucose in beta- or alpha1-6 linkage (beta-gentiobiose, beta-isomaltose), or of beta-lactose. This first study on synthetic archaeal lipid adjuvants reveals potential for this class of regulatory friendly, easily scalable, inexpensive, and potent glyco-adjuvant.
Collaborative Care for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Recent Cardiac Events The Management of Sadness and Anxiety in Cardiology (MOSAIC) Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Depression and anxiety are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with recent acute cardiac events. There has been minimal study of collaborative care (CC) management models for mental health disorders in high-risk cardiac inpatients, and no prior CC intervention has simultaneously managed depression and anxiety disorders. Objective To determine the impact of a low-intensity CC intervention for depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder among patients hospitalized for an acute cardiac illness. Design, Setting, and Participants Single-blind randomized clinical trial, with study assessors blind to group assignment, from September 2010 through July 2013 of 183 patients admitted to inpatient cardiac units in an urban academic general hospital for acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, or heart failure and found to have clinical depression, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder on structured assessment. Interventions Participants were randomized to 24 weeks of a low-intensity telephone-based multicomponent CC intervention targeting depression and anxiety disorders (n = 92) or to enhanced usual care (serial notification of primary medical providers; n = 91). The CC intervention used a social work care manager to coordinate assessment and stepped care of psychiatric conditions and to provide support and therapeutic interventions as appropriate. Main Outcomes and Measures Improvement in mental health–related quality of life (Short Form-12 Mental Component Score [SF-12 MCS]) at 24 weeks, compared between groups using a random-effects model in an intent-to-treat analysis. Results Patients randomized to CC had significantly greater estimated mean improvements in SF-12 MCS at 24 weeks (11.21 points [from 34.21 to 45.42] in the CC group vs 5.53 points [from 36.30 to 41.83] in the control group; estimated mean difference, 5.68 points [95% CI, 2.14-9.22];P = .002; effect size, 0.61). Patients receiving CC also had significant improvements in depressive symptoms and general functioning, and higher rates of treatment of a mental health disorder; anxiety scores, rates of disorder response, and adherence did not differ between groups. Conclusions and Relevance A novel telephone-based, low-intensity model to concurrently manage cardiac patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders was effective for improving mental health–related quality of life in a 24-week trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01201967
THE REACTION OF NO WITH SUPEROXIDE

The rate constant for the reaction of NO with ·O2− was determined to be (6.7 ± 0.9) × 109 1 mol−1 s−1, considerably higher than previously reported. Rate measurements were made from pH 5.6 to 12.5 ...
On‐line identification and damage detection in non‐linear structural systems using a variable forgetting factor approach

This paper presents an adaptive on-line identification algorithm based on a newly defined variable forgetting factor approach. At each time step, the proposed methodology, a recursive least-square (Kalman filter) based algorithm, upgrades the adaptation gain matrix using an adaptive forgetting factor that is expressed as the ratio between the minimum value of the diagonal elements of the adaptation gain matrix and a set of pre-defined threshold values. This approach requires only acceleration measurements and is particularly robust to the integration errors introduced in determining velocities and displacements. Such an algorithm has been implemented for both parametric and non-parametric identification studies. For the case of no a priori information on the type of the structural model, an analytical method based on a power series of multivariable polynomial expansions has been introduced. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach has been shown in various numerical simulations, considering the effects of excitation amplitude, of measurement noise, of a priori mass estimation error, and of exact-, under-, and over-parameterization of the structural model. General polynomial-type non-linear models such as Duffing and Van der Pole oscillators and Bouc-Wen hysteretic model have been analyzed using the proposed modeling process. The methodology presented in this paper leads to a more accurate and controllable on-line identification either for the estimation of time-invariant or time-varying structural parameters (for damage detection purposes) or for the prediction of the future structural response to dynamic loading.
A Review of Tilting Pad Bearing Theory

A theoretical basis for static and dynamic operation of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) has evolved over the last 50 years. Originally demonstrated by Lund using the pad assembly method and a classic Reynolds equation solution, the current state of the art includes full thermoelastohydrodynamic solutions of the generalized Reynolds equation that include fluid convective inertia effects, pad motions; and thermal and mechanical deformations of the pads and shaft. The development of TPJB theory is reviewed, emphasizing dynamic modeling. The paper begins with the early analyses of fixed geometry bearings and continues to modern analyses that include pad motion and stiffness and damping effects. The development of thermohydrodynamic, thermoelastohydrodynamic, and bulk-flow analyses is reviewed. The theories of TPJB dynamics, including synchronous and nonsynchronous models, are reviewed. A discussion of temporal inertia effects in tilting pad bearing is considered. Future trends are discussed, and a path for experimental verification is proposed.
Blood Screening for West Nile Virus: The Cost-Effectiveness of a Real-Time, Trigger-Based Strategy

Previous studies have demonstrated that universal blood screening for West Nile virus is not cost-effective. A newly proposed, real-time, trigger-based screening strategy was analyzed and was also shown to be not cost-effective. These results were highly sensitive to pricing of screening assays.
Awareness Is Not Enough: The Need to Increase Meningococcal Vaccine Uptake

Objective. Adolescent meningococcal vaccine uptake remains low. We examined vaccine awareness among parents of adolescents and uptake. Methods. Parents of adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (n = 1281) participated in a statewide survey. Logistic regression with weighted data provided population-based estimates. Results. In all, 65% had heard of meningococcal vaccine; parents more likely to report awareness had adolescents aged 16 to 17 years, in private school, or with health insurance. In total, 44% of aware parents reported vaccination; vaccinated teens were more likely to be black (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17), had a preventive checkup within 12 months (OR = 3.03), or resided with another child ≤18 years (OR = 1.83). Many parents of unvaccinated adolescents (38.5%) did not plan to vaccinate them within 12 months. The most common reasons for not vaccinating were providers not recommending it and believing adolescents did not need it. Conclusion. Many parents aware of meningococcal vaccine did not vaccinate thei...
Pursuit compensation during self-motion

The pattern of motion in the retinal image during self-motion contains information about the person's movement. Pursuit eye movements perturb the pattern of retinal-image motion, complicating the problem of self-motion perception. A question of considerable current interest is the relative importance of retinal and extra-retinal signals in compensating for these effects of pursuit on the retinal image. We addressed this question by examining the effect of prior motion stimuli on self-motion judgments during pursuit. Observers viewed 300 ms random-dot displays simulating forward self-motion during pursuit to the right or to the left; at the end of each display a probe appeared and observers judged whether they would pass left or right of it. The display was preceded by a 300 ms dot pattern that was either stationary or moved in the same direction as, or opposite to, the eye movement. This prior motion stimulus had a large effect on self-motion judgments when the simulated scene was a frontoparallel wall (experiment 1), but not when it was a three-dimensional (3-D) scene (experiment 2). Corresponding simulated-pursuit conditions controlled for purely retinal motion aftereffects, implying that the effect in experiment 1 is mediated by an interaction between retinal and extra-retinal signals. In experiment 3, we examined self-motion judgments with respect to a 3-D scene with mixtures of real and simulated pursuit. When real and simulated pursuits were in opposite directions, performance was determined by the total amount of pursuit-related retinal motion, consistent with an extra-retinal 'trigger' signal that facilitates the action of a retinally based pursuit-compensation mechanism. However, results of experiment 1 without a prior motion stimulus imply that extra-retinal signals are more informative when retinal information is lacking. We conclude that the relative importance of retinal and extra-retinal signals for pursuit compensation varies with the informativeness of the retinal motion pattern, at least for short durations. Our results provide partial explanations for a number of findings in the literature on perception of self-motion and motion in the frontal plane.
TRIM29 functions as a tumor suppressor in nontumorigenic breast cells and invasive ER+ breast cancer.

Tripartite motif–containing 29 (TRIM29) is a member of the TRIM protein family that has been implicated in hematologic and solid tumor cancers. We found that TRIM29 functions as a tumor suppressor in both the nontumorigenic MCF10A [estrogen receptor (ER)−/TRIM29+] breast cell line and the invasive MCF7 (ER+/TRIM29−) breast cell line. Silencing TRIM29 in MCF10A cells resulted in preneoplastic changes that included loss of polarity in three-dimensional culture, increased proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and increased migration and invasion. Conversely, the introduction of TRIM29 into MCF7 cells caused reversion to a less aggressive phenotype by antagonizing the growth effect of 17β-estradiol. The interaction between TRIM29 and ER signaling in MCF7 cells was supported by a reduction in ERE binding in the presence of TRIM29 and suppression of ER-dependent gene expression of TFF1 , FOS , and GREB1 . By microarray analyses, we showed that younger women ( TRIM29 expression ( P = 0.02). This effect was not observed in older women (>55 years of age) and thus may be due to menopause and loss of circulating estrogens. Our results suggest that loss of TRIM29 expression in normal breast luminal cells can contribute to malignant transformation and lead to progression of ER+ breast cancer in premenopausal women.
Images and light curves of the radio remnants of novae

Radio observations of novae provide direct information about masses, temperatures, and velocities of ejected material, particularly when the radio remnants are resolved or imaged. The radio images of Nova QU Vul 1984 indicate that the mass in its ejecta is 3.6·10−4M⊙, confirming the generally higher masses inferred from radio light curves. All thermally-emitting nova shells that can be observed by the VLA should be resolveable, allowing determination of angular sizes and asymmetries.
Validity and reliability of a practice-based infant pain assessment instrument.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an infant pain assessment instrument. This instrument is an algorithm derived from a model of infant pain assessment that emerged from interviews with pediatric nurses and includes methods for evaluating clinical data that suggest the likelihood of pain. Unlike other instruments, this instrument is not restricted to use in clinical situations where the likelihood of pain is evident. This instrument determines the three levels of pain that guide subsequent nursing interventions: no pain, mild pain (discomfort), and severe pain. Content validity was determined by obtaining and incorporating feedback from a focus group of practicing pediatric nurses on various developmental stages of the instrument. Criterion-like validity was excellent: Mean Pearson correlations between the pain ratings of 18 videotaped infants by 24 nursing students using the instrument with ratings performed by a panel of 5 expert nurses not using any instrument wa...
Measurement of Men's Help Seeking: Development and Evaluation of the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale.

This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale (BHSS). The measure was designed to assess reasons men identify for not seeking professional help for mental and physical health problems. Exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 537 undergraduate men revealed a 5-factor solution of internally consistent subscales, including Need for Control and Self-Reliance, Minimizing Problem and Resignation, Concrete Barriers and Distrust of Caregivers, Privacy, and Emotional Control. A separate study of 58 undergraduate men confirmed the reliability of the scale and provided evidence of convergent and criterion validity between the BHSS and measures of masculine gender-role conflict and attitudes toward seeking professional help.
Mode stabilization of 850 nm vertical cavity lasers by Si diffusion & disordering

In this paper we present results on a vertical cavity laser structure which provides fundamental mode operation by way of a fully planar diffusion based process. By selective Si diffusion and disordering, we are able to pattern the upper p-mirror, resulting in suppressed reflectivity of higher order modes relative to the fundamental mode. For a 5 /spl mu/m device diameter, we have obtained a threshold current of 3.8 mA and single mode operation over the entire operating range for the device, with a peak single mode power of 0.63 mW, at a drive current of 6 mA. A 5 /spl mu/m apertured implanted (non-diffused) structure with otherwise similar processing had a threshold current of 5.7 mA, and exhibited multimode operation for output power above 40 /spl mu/W.
Effects of FFT coefficient quantization on sinusoidal signal detection

Detection of a sinusoid of unknown frequency in wideband noise is performed efficiently by the FFT (fast Fourier transform). The detector performs a hypothesis test on the magnitude of the FFT output. When the FFT is implemented, error due to arithmetic roundoff coefficient quantization limits the accuracy of the transform and degrades the detection performance. When the FFT is used as a detector of an unknown sinusoidal signal, the coefficient quantization error is significant and increases with the FFT length. The decimation is analyzed in time for a radix-2 FFT. The FFT output error is defined to be the maximum magnitude of the difference between the true FFT and FFT computed with the quantized coefficients. An upper bound on the error is derived by a deterministic analysis and is verified to be close to the actually measured error. Using the functional form of the bound and scaling it to fit the measured error, an empirical formula for the error is derived. The probability of detection of the quantized-coefficient FFT is computed using the empirical error formula. The probability of detection curves is presented as a function of the FFT length. Simulations indicate that when a sufficient number of bits is used to quantize the coefficients, the probability of detection does not significantly degrade. >
Web Searching with Multiple Correct Answers

Most web search engines today are geared towards providing a list of relevant websites, along with snippets of text from each website that are relevant to the user's search text. Some of them may also provide specific answers to the user's question. This paper explores techniques for combining many candidate answers into a small set of answers, when it is likely that there is more than one correct answer. We describe and test new algorithms that collect and consolidate candidate answers from many different websites using paired support, reinforcing the ranking factor of those candidate answers that co-occur as pairs across multiple website domains.
Glutamate in current paediatric amino acid solutions is not toxic

Aim: To discuss the viewpoint article “How much glutamate is toxic in paediatric parenteral nutrition?” Acta Paediatr 2005;94;16–9. Conclusion: There is no doubt that glutamate used at high bolus doses in animal experiments would permanently damage brain cells. However, these effects should not be extrapolated to the condition of parenteral nutrition of newborn infants when much smaller amounts of glutamate are infused constantly during 24 h. Clinical studies proving the maintenance of plasma glutamate concentrations within the reference range during parenteral nutrition were not considered. The authors have alarmed neonatologists with arguments without substance.
The APA 2009 Division 10 Debate: Are the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Still Relevant in the 21st Century?

The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) are measures of creative potential and interpreted as domain-general measures of creativity. They have been translated into over 35 languages and are the most researched measures of creativity. Research has found that the TTCT have the highest predictive validity among many measures of creativity. Torrance conducted longitudinal studies with the TTCT over 40 years and the results indicated that the scores on the TTCT predict children’s later creative achievement better than IQ scores. The TTCT are the most referenced and widely used measures of creativity and are especially useful for identifying gifted and talented students. The TTCT are used for admission to gifted programs and have broadened the acceptance of students into such programs, including increasing the numbers of minority students and of students who may not show their creative potential in any other standardized manner. Therefore, the importance of the TTCT in the 21st century will continue in the identification of highly creative students and in the development of creative thinking skills in them. Whether creativity is a generalized ability or is task specific is one of the major disagreements in the study of creativity. The Guilford Tests, Torrance Tests, or personality measures are measures of creative potential that are reflected by domain generality of creativity and assume that creativity can be measured as a way of thinking or way of being that is generalizable (Root-Bernstein & Root-Bernstein, 1999). In other words, while an individual’s creativity may only be expressed in a certain area or areas, creativity can be measured as a general way of thinking. However, some researchers (e.g., Baer, 1991, 1994a, 1991; Kaufman & Baer, 2004) contend that creativity is domain-specific (cf. Gardner, 1997) and believe that measures of aptitude in specific areas or assessment of specific products are more appropriate assessments of creativity.
Post-industrial 'quality agricultural discourse' : Techniques of governance and resistance in the French debate over GM crops

Pendant la periode 1997-2000, la Confederation Paysanne (CP), un syndicat de petits exploitants agricoles francais, a joue un role central dans la politisation du debat francais sur les cultures OGM. Cet article adopte un angle plus large que celui d'une analyse du combat de la CP contre l'agriculture industrielle et post-industrielle. Nous explorons aussi la facon dont les petits exploitants francais, depuis des dizaines d'annees laisses pour compte de l'agriculture industrielle, sont devenus des figures centrales dans la definition des nouvelles notions de qualite agricole dans le contexte national et international. La premiere partie de l'article retrace l'emergence d'un «discours agricole sur la qualit» (DAQ) comme forme de gouvernementalite qui normalise les questions sociales et environnementales associees avec l'agriculture industrielle. La deuxieme partie de l'article analyse la facon dont la CP utilise un QAD en developpant et legitimant leur vision et leur programme social et agricole, dans le cadre du debat francais sur les OGM mais aussi au-dela. Comme nous allons le montrer, alors que la CP pose la culture des OGM comme le symbole d'une agriculture industrielle depourvue d'ancrage territorial, elle etablit la notion de «qualite» comme symbole d'une agriculture enracinee dans la terre. Etudier la campagne anti-OGM de la CP nous permet ainsi de mieux apprecier la facon dont des groupes de petits exploitants, jusque la tenus a l'ecart, s'approprient des techniques de gouvernance pour promouvoir leur propre programme post-industriel.
Enzymes of nucleotide metabolism: the significance of subunit size and polymer size for biological function and regulatory properties.

The 72 enzymes in nucleotide metabolism, from all sources, have a distribution of subunit sizes similar to those from other surveys: an average subunit Mr of 47,900, and a median size of 33,300. The same enzyme, from whatever source, usually has the same subunit size (there are exceptions); enzymes having a similar activity (e.g., kinases, deaminases) usually have a similar subunit size. Most simple enzymes in all EC classes (except class 6, ligases/synthetases) have subunit sizes of less than 30,000. Since structural domains defined in proteins tend to be in the Mr range of 5,000 to 30,000, it may be that most simple enzymes are formed as single domains. Multifunctional proteins and ligases have subunits generally much larger than Mr 40,000. Analyses of several well-characterized ligases suggest that they also have two or more distinct catalytic sites, and that ligases therefore are also multifunctional proteins, containing two or more domains. Cooperative kinetics and evidence for allosteric regulation are much more frequently associated with larger enzymes: such complex functions are associated with only 19% of enzymes having a subunit Mr less than or equal to 29,000, and with 86% of all enzymes having a subunit Mr greater than 50,000. In general, larger enzymes have more functions. Only 20% of these enzymes appear to be monomers; the rest are homopolymers and rarely are they heteropolymers. Evidence for the reversible dissociation of homopolymers has been found for 15% of the enzymes. Such changes in quaternary structure are usually mediated by appropriate physiological effectors, and this may serve as a mechanism for their regulation between active and less active forms. There is considerable structural organization of the various pathways: 19 enzymes are found in various multifunctional proteins, and 13 enzymes are found in different types of multienzyme complexes.