cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systemic BCNU enhances the efficacy of local delivery of a topoisomerase I inhibitor against malignant glioma

Purpose To investigate the ability of systemically delivered BCNU to enhance the activity of either systemically delivered irinotecan (CPT-11) or locally delivered camptothecin from a biodegradable polymer for treatment of an intracranial 9L gliosarcoma.
Direct correlations of bulk charged and neutral defect densities of states in a-Si:H films with characteristics of Schottky barrier solar cell structures

We report a systematic study on the a-Si:H thin film materials with different densities of charged defects which are incorporated in Schottky barrier solar cell structures. The densities of charged and neutral defects were obtained from photoconductivity and sub-bandgap absorption measurements and using the sub-bandgap absorption model (SAM). Current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures and internal quantum efficiencies were measured on the corresponding SnO/a-Si:H(n/sup +/)/a-Si:H(i)/Ni Schottky barrier structures and the results were modeled using AMPS. It was found that for structures thicker than /spl sim/1.5 /spl mu/m. Schottky barrier characteristics can be fitted using the same densities and parameters for the charged and neutral defects as obtained from SAM without having to invoke effects from the interface layer.
Learning in a Changing World: Restless Multiarmed Bandit With Unknown Dynamics

We consider the restless multiarmed bandit problem with unknown dynamics in which a player chooses one out of N arms to play at each time. The reward state of each arm transits according to an unknown Markovian rule when it is played and evolves according to an arbitrary unknown random process when it is passive. The performance of an arm selection policy is measured by regret, defined as the reward loss with respect to the case where the player knows which arm is the most rewarding and always plays the best arm. We construct a policy with an interleaving exploration and exploitation epoch structure that achieves a regret with logarithmic order. We further extend the problem to a decentralized setting where multiple distributed players share the arms without information exchange. Under both an exogenous restless model and an endogenous restless model, we show that a decentralized extension of the proposed policy preserves the logarithmic regret order as in the centralized setting. The results apply to adaptive learning in various dynamic systems and communication networks, as well as financial investment.
An Improved Compact Model of Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Applications

This paper describes the development of a SPICE equivalent-circuit model of the silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection applications. The framework developed includes the equivalent circuit, models for the various components imbedded in the SCR, and model parameters' extraction. The new model is implemented into the industry standard Cadence SPICE and is verified against transmission line pulsing measured data.
High upconversion quantum yield at low pump threshold in Er3+/Yb3+ doped La2O2S phosphor

Abstract In this letter, we report the absolute upconversion quantum yields (QY) for 9% Yb3+ and 1% Er3+ co-doped La2O2S and its comparison with NaYF4 doped with 20% Yb3+, 2% Er3+ for all the upconversion emissions centered at 410, 550, 667, and 822 nm at various excitation power densities at 977 nm excitation. The maximum upconversion QY for 9% Yb3+ and 1% Er3+ co-doped La2O2S was measured to be 5.83±0.87% at the excitation power density of 13 W/cm2. An excitation power dependent study revealed that although absolute upconversion QY measured for NaYF4: 20% Yb, 2% Er is higher at higher excitation power densities, La2O2S: 9% Yb, 1% Er possesses higher QYs at the lower excitation power densities.
Is The Level Of Development Significant For The Theory Of Factor Price Equalization

The vast part of the literature on wages and employment in global markets focuses on international trade considerations and on industrialized countries, often leaving aside developing countries’ experiences. The scope of this paper is to examine wages and employment in global markets from a different perspective: we try to combine international trade considerations (trade liberalization) with domestic factors in developing countries. The main idea behind this approach is that the level of development and the complementarity between skilled and unskilled labor are crucial to understand changes in employment and the wage gap.
Adolescent Heterosocial Interactions and Dating

The transitional period of adolescence is characterized by a number of changes and challenges that occur both within and outside the individual (Petersen & Hamburg, 1986). One of the most significant developmental changes is the emergence of new social interaction patterns (Kelly & Hansen, 1987). Social interactions and relationships become increasingly complicated and adultlike, and more independence and responsibility are required. The peer group becomes larger and more complex, more time is spent with peers, and interactions with opposite-sex peers increase. For example, Csikszentmihalyi and Larson (1984) found that high-school freshman spent 44% of their time in same-sex groups and 4% in opposite-sex dyads, whereas seniors spent 21% of their time in same-sex groups and 24% in opposite-sex dyads. Most adolescents begin dating between the ages of 13 and 15 years (Spreadbury, 1982).
Practical aspects of prostate MRI: hardware and software considerations, protocols, and patient preparation

The use of multiparametric MRI scans for the evaluation of men with prostate cancer has increased dramatically and is likely to continue expanding as new developments come to practice. However, it has not yet gained the same level of acceptance of other imaging tests. Partly, this is because of the use of suboptimal protocols, lack of standardization, and inadequate patient preparation. In this manuscript, we describe several practical aspects of prostate MRI that may facilitate the implementation of new prostate imaging programs or the expansion of existing ones.
Concurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Hemosiderosis in a Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps)

Abstract A 15-year-old intact female sugar glider ( Petaurus breviceps ) presented for a 3-day history of diarrhea and weight loss despite an excellent appetite. Upon physical examination under manual restraint, the animal was determined to be emaciated with a palpable lcm diameter, firm, and irregular abdominal mass. Following 72 hours of supportive and palliative treatment (including oral antibiotics and glucocorticoids) with no clinical response, the owner elected euthanasia and approved antemortem diagnostics for teaching purposes. A complete blood count revealed a moderate regenerative anemia, mild leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. A significant number of sideroleukocytes were noted upon examination of a blood smear, along with platelet clumps. Plasma biochemical analysis showed moderate hypoproteinemia, moderate hypoalbuminemia, mild hypokalemia, and elevated total bilirubin. Mild hypernatremia and hyperchloremia were also present. An abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a large hypoechoic abdominal mass, which appeared to be associated with the liver. Whole-body radiographs did not assist in reaching an antemortem diagnosis because of poor abdominal serosal detail secondary to severe emaciation. Postmortem examination and histopathology provided a definitive diagnosis of concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and adrenocortical carcinoma with no evidence of metastases. Hemosiderin pigment accumulation was noted within macrophages and hepatocytes.
Sawtooth Tensile Response of Model Semiflexible and Block Copolymer Elastomers

We study via coarse-grained molecular modeling the elastic response of semiflexible elastomer networks with idealized diamond connectivity. Under strain-driven uniaxial deformation, these networks are found to exhibit first a perfect soft elastic behavior (including a buckling instability preceding hardening) up to moderate extension ratios (<2.9), followed by a sawtooth-shaped stress–strain curve for larger deformations at the nanoscale. This unique tensile response follows from a deformation mechanism that entails the successive creation and distortion of ordered (smectic CA) chain domains in concert with cross-link segregation and layering; such events arise from the proclivity of the chains to align (due to the chain stiffness) and to disintersperse (due to the network regularity and lack of trapped entanglements). Multiple segregation states hence occur for different strains, producing multiple minima in the stress. These regular networks also exhibit marked anisotropic elastic behavior and shape-mem...
Fatty acid composition of prepared infant formulas.

Some concern has been voiced about fat intake at an early age—even infancy. These workers report analyses for fatty acids in twenty infant formulas—both domestic and foreign.
Postlaminectomy Kyphosis: Causes and Surgical Management

Postlaminectomy instability of the cervical spine can be managed either anteriorly or posteriorly. The posterior procedures that have been described are best performed at the time of the original decompressive procedure. Thus, the development of a kyphotic deformity is prevented. Generally, it is technically easier to achieve anterior stabilization and arthrodesis if a postlaminectomy kyphosis develops.
Atomic Force Microscopy Education

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a crucial part of nanoscience. Despite the simplicity of its design—a cantilever with a sharp tip—learning and teaching AFM can be difficult. For this study, five levels of AFM education were identified from existing educational literature. Information was gathered from a survey as well as interviews given to established AFM educators. Advice, general practices, and a list of resources were compiled into a website and this chapter. These are intended to become a resource to help educators design their own AFM educational experiences.
Impact of starch-based emulsions on the antibacterial efficacies of nisin and thymol in cantaloupe juice

The use of antimicrobial compounds to prevent foodborne pathogens from contaminating fresh-cut produce has received broad attentions; however, the applications of these compounds are hindered by their rapid depletion in foods. To prolong their efficacies, the use of delivery systems is essential. In this study, oil-in-water emulsions formed using starch octenyl succinate (starch-OS) were used to stabilize nisin and thymol in cantaloupe juice-containing fluid. Listeria monocytogenes V7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were used as model pathogens to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of nisin and thymol formulations in cantaloupe juice. The results showed that the emulsions had much greater capability to retain nisin and thymol over the storage and displayed much greater effect to inhibit Listeria and Salmonella than non-emulsion, aqueous formulations. Starch-OS based emulsions not only retained nisin and thymol activities separately, but also exhibited their cooperative antibacterial effects.
Fundamentals and consequences of water-solid interactions: Investigating vitamin C stability in powder blends

A known to affect product performance, the interactions of water with food components are not well-understood at a fundamental level, particularly in complex systems. There are five major mechanisms of water-solid interaction. These are: adsorption onto the surface of the solid particle, capillary condensation, deliquescence, crystal hydrate formation, and vapor absorption into the bulk of amorphous solids. Of these, absorption into amorphous materials and deliquescence are likely to have the greatest impact on food products and can lead to significant changes in physical and chemical properties, including phase transformations, changes in powder flow and caking, and degradation of bioactive and other ingredients. There are numerous reports of water absorption into amorphous materials and resulting effects in the food science literature. More recent studies by the author have increased awareness of the fundamentals and consequences of deliquescence and deliquescence lowering in crystalline ingredients and blends thereof. However, many powder food products and premixes used for fortification contain multiple solid state forms. Therefore, an understanding of the fundamentals and effects of moisture-mediated interactions in blends containing crystalline and amorphous solids is also important. This presentation will address the chemical and physical stability of vitamin C in a variety of formulations. Vitamin C is a deliquescent crystalline solid and is acknowledged as one of the most unstable vitamins added to foods. The declaration of the percent of the reference daily intake of vitamin C is mandatory on food labels, and therefore understanding its stability is important.
Role of the Conserved Valine 236 in Access of Ligands to the Active Site of Thermus thermophilus ba3 Cytochrome Oxidase

Knowledge of the role of conserved residues in the ligand channel of heme-copper oxidases is critical for understanding how the protein scaffold modulates the function of these enzymes. In this study, we investigated the role of the conserved valine 236 in the ligand channel of ba3 cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus by mutating the residue to a more polar (V236T), smaller (V236A), or larger (V236I, V236N, V236L, V236M, and V236F) residue. The crystal structures of the mutants were determined, and the effects of the mutations on the rates of CO, O2, and NO binding were investigated. O2 reduction and NO binding were unaffected in V236T, while the oxidation of heme b during O–O bond cleavage was not detected in V236A. The V236A results are attributed to a decrease in the rate of electron transfer between heme b and heme a3 during O–O bond cleavage in V236A, followed by faster re-reduction of heme b by CuA. This interpretation is supported by classical molecular dynamics simulations of diffusion o...
An auspicious secure processing technique for near field communication systems

The near field communication (NFC) technology helps save both time and power when compared with Bluetooth and other similar technologies. However, NFC is vulnerable to various networking attacks such as message modification. In this work, a secure processing technique is introduced to protect the NFC devices and associated data from several attacks. A certificate record is added to the NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) message to enhance security. The proposed processing technique in a NFC system checks the authenticity of the sender, then if appropriate, processes the incoming NDEF messages and stores them in device memory. Using MATLAB, an NFC system with the proposed processing technique is simulated. Simulation results suggest that the processing time increases linearly as the certificate size increases and the processing time remains almost the same for various record sizes. It is also observed that the proposed protocol offers better security by detecting tag manipulation, certificate modification, etc. The proposed secure processing technique for NFC can be extended to enhance security in ubiquitous computing and mobile communication.
Slow-Flow, Asymptomatic Vascular Malformations: Brain Capillary Telangiectasias and Developmental Venous Anomalies

This chapter focuses on two slow-flow vascular malformations of the brain: brain capillary telangiectasias (BCTs) and developmental venous anomalies (DVAs). Both occur as incidental findings in the general population, are typically asymptomatic when existing as solitary lesions, and can occur along a spectrum of being barely visible (usually only on postcontrast imaging) to being quite large to the point of simulating symptomatic lesions such as a neoplasm (owing to avid enhancement and size in a BCT) or frank arteriovenous malformation (AVM, due to large venous flow voids in a DVA). Besides size, they can both occur concomitantly in symptomatic cases when associated with symptomatic slow-flow vascular lesions, typically cavernomas (e.g., cavernous hemangiomas, cavernous malformations). Both lesions have dedicated, longer discussions in this chapter about the spectrum of their appearance on various sequences and when they can simulate symptomatic lesions as well as their appearance on more recently available MR sequences, most notably susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Comparison cases are provided at the end of the chapter for both lesions, with a focus on cavernomas and AVMs.
War Stories and Occupying Soldiers: A Narrative Approach to Understanding Police Culture and Community Conflict

Narrative theory and methods are gradually finding a place in the study of crime and its control. However vibrant narrative criminology has been to this point, narrative scholars have somewhat ignored policing, both in terms of the language and grammar of individual officers and the cultural life of the institution itself. In this article, we elaborate the importance of storytelling in the (re)production of contemporary police culture and the broader police power. While storytelling as cultural production is, of course, not the sole purview of police, they are uniquely positioned to shape the broad social, cultural and political imaginaries of crime and the realities of crime control and community interactions. Therefore, in paying close attention to the narratives of police and the cultural work accomplished through storytelling, we gain insight into the production and maintenance of police authority and culture.
In welchem ich zeige, wie ein elektromagnetisches Gerät zur Messung von Bewusstsein aussehen müsste, Bemühungen beschreibe, mithilfe von Gentechnik das Bewusstsein von Mäusen aufzuspüren und mich beim Bau corticaler Observatorien ertappe

Ist Bewusstsein ein fundamentaler, nicht reduzierbarer Aspekt der Wirklichkeit? Oder erwachst es aus organisierter Materie, wie die meisten Wissenschaftler und Philosophen glauben? Das mochte ich wissen, bevor ich sterbe; daher kann ich nicht ewig warten. Eristische philosophische Debatten machen Spas und konnen sogar hilfreich sein, doch sie losen die grundsatzlichen Probleme nicht. Der beste Weg herauszufinden, wie sich das Wasser des Materiellen in den Wein des Bewusstseins verwandelt, besteht im Experimentieren, kombiniert mit der Entwicklung einer Theorie.
Results on spaces between the Sorgenfrey and usual topologies on R

Abstract In [4] , Hattori described a natural set of spaces, H-spaces, between the usual topology of the real numbers R and that of the Sorgenfrey line S , and initiated a study of their properties. Hattori and Chatyrko developed a considerable understanding of H-spaces in [1] and [2] . The H-space based on A, denoted ( R , τ A ) , has R as its point set and a basis consisting of usual R neighborhoods at points of A while taking Sorgenfrey neighborhoods at points of R − A . In this paper, we address some of the open questions found in these papers and also describe some H-spaces with unusual properties. In particular, we show that an H-space is topologically complete if and only if R − A is a countable set and that any continuous bijective function h : ( R , τ A ) → ( R , τ B ) must have only countably many points of A which are mapped to R − B . We also categorize the subsets A of R for which the H-space ( R , τ A ) is homeomorphic to S as exactly the scattered subsets of R . Furthermore, we exhibit a collection of 2 c distinct reversible H-spaces, no two of which are homeomorphic. In fact there exist no continuous bijections between any two of them, and the only continuous auto-bijection on any one of them is the identity.
An Exciting Alternative to Fisher's Exact Test for Two Proportions

When a definite decision must be made as to which of two or more populations is best, a selection procedure seems more appropriate than a significance test. For the common problem of selecting the better one of two populations with regard to some propor..
ETHANOL-OXIDIZING ENZYMES IN TRANSPLANTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMS

Supernatant fractions of Becker transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma, HC-252, oxidized ethanol in an NAD+-dependent, pyrazole-sensitive reaction. Electrophoresis of liver supernatant fractions revealed only one AD H component, whereas 2 AD H components were detected in HC-252 tumor supernatant fractions; one with the same mobility as the liver, the other with a slower mobility. These enzymes differ in electrophoretic mobility, susceptibility to heat, pH optimum, substrate specificity and some catalytic properties. Stomach AD H has properties similar to those of the tumor enzyme. ADH from a well differentiated hepatoma had properties similar to those of the liver enzyme. Thus ADH is an enzyme whose isoenzyme composition changes with neoplastic differentiation. Microsomes from the original tumor did not oxidize ethanol (MEQS) or drugs or support catalase-mediated peroxidation of ethanol, owing to low activities of NADP H-cytochrome c reductase and NADPH oxidase. MEOS activity and drug metabolism were present in the well-differentiated tumor. There was no correlation between ethanol oxidation and transport and oxidation of reducing equivalents by mitochondria in the tumor. Antimycin A inhibited ethanol metabolism, and pyruvate stimulated ethanol metabolism much less in tumor than in liver, suggesting an augmented cytosolic mechanism for oxidizing NAD H in the tumor. In the liver, mitochondrial oxidation of NAD H is predominant, but in the tumor, cytosolic reoxidation also plays a major role.
Summary and Future Challenges

In the previous chapters, the existing literature on the mechanical properties of reinforced syntactic foams has been reviewed. This chapter summarizes the effects of the reinforcements on the mechanical properties of syntactic foams and identifies the critical areas where a lack of literature is observed relating to reinforced syntactic foams. The data for various mechanical properties such as compressive, tensile, and the flexural strength and modulus have been plotted as a function of the composites density. This helps in identifying the composite compositions that can be helpful in weight saving applications. The nanoscale reinforcements help in obtaining the highest mechanical properties without increasing the density of syntactic foams. These results show that the nanoscale reinforcements can push the boundaries of mechanical properties of syntactic foams. It is identified that understanding the effect of moisture, weathering, and ultraviolet light radiation on the composite is not well developed. The lack of theoretical models for reinforced syntactic foams, considering the interaction between the nanoscale reinforcement and the hollow particles, is also noted in the literature and should be the focus of future research efforts.
Vulnerable Populations at Public Research Universities: Centering Sexual Violence Prevalence and Perceptions of Campus Climate

Using an anti-deficit approach and national survey data from the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, Cobian and Stolzenberg explore critical indicators that shed light on campus sexual violence experienced by LGBQ and transgender students at public universities. Overall, LGBQ and transgender students reported significantly higher rates of sexual violence compared to their heterosexual and non-transgender counterparts. LGBQ and transgender students who reported experiences of campus sexual violence also were more likely to display higher levels of critical consciousness and social agency—two constructs measuring different aspects of multicultural competencies that signal resiliency and agency. Cobian and Stolzenberg conclude with recommendations to inform the efforts of campus professionals, faculty, and administrators who address Title IX, to better support vulnerable populations in public postsecondary institutions.
CEMENT CONTENT REDUCTION IN CONCRETE THROUGH AGGREGATE OPTIMIZATION AND PACKING: A SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE FOR PAVEMENT AND SEAPORT CONSTRUCTION

Based on the full-bodied scientific consensus that climate warming is occurring on Earth, significant environmental and economic benefits may be obtained from cement content reduction in concrete, naming reduction in CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, and construction costs. In contrast, standard limestone aggregate may experience increase in mining rate. The objective of this study was to propose the reduction of cement content in concrete framed by aggregate optimization as a viable alternative to reduce environmental effects from the cement industry. It was concluded that the higher the concrete volume in construction, the more environmental benefit can be obtained by reducing cement content in concrete. A 25 % cement reduction in a concrete pavement led to a decrease of 80.000 tons in CO 2 emission, while a seaport construction displayed a decrease of 17.000 tons of CO 2 . T he higher the designed cement per volume of concrete, the more budget savings in case of reduction in cement content . Port construction presented a reduction of 20,10 USD per m 3 of concrete in cement costs against 11,04 USD per m 3 in pavements. A 11,5 % increase in aggregate mining is expected when concrete contains less cement in its composition, targeting South Florida (U.S.A.) quarries.
The digital ephemeral turn: queer theory, privacy, and the temporality of risk:

Social media’s shift from storing media permanently by default, to supporting increasingly diverse temporalities of display and interaction has important implications for understanding the politica...
Collaborative Environment with Application Virtualization (CEAV) for Upstream environment

Collaborative Environment with Application Virtualization (CEAV) is an advanced IT solution that provides a scalable environment, with optimum resource utilization for certain Upstream applications. CEAV provides high availability and business continuity for 2D and 3D Upstream applications. The solution capitalizes on clustering the virtualization infrastructure using multiple advanced technologies, such as Hyper-V, Graphical Processing Unit (GPUs), pass-through technique and users’ sessions-sharing. Further, the proposed environment facilitates many of system administrators’ tasks. CEAV is a multi-layer infrastructure that has a unique architecture including physical components, virtualized sets of machines, and cloud-enabled applications. The 3D Upstream applications demand a high resources utilization such as system memory, processing and high bandwidth to load data from the storage network. In this paper, we present the design and architecture of this environment, and demonstrate its usage by applying it to a section of an Upstream environment. The performance analysis results indicated the enhancement in major performed tasks in 3D CEAV environment, but for saving and writing there is a bit slowness in 3D CEAV environment compared to the legacy environment.
Normal Cardiac CT Anatomy

Knowledge of cardiac and coronary anatomy is essential and allows for effective interpretation and appropriate reporting of cardiac CT, MR, and PET studies.
A survey of mathematical models of human performance using power and energy

The ability to predict the systematic decrease of power during physical exertion gives valuable insights into health, performance, and injury. This review surveys the research of power-based models of fatigue and recovery within the area of human performance. Upon a thorough review of available literature, it is observed that the two-parameter critical power model is most popular due to its simplicity. This two-parameter model is a hyperbolic relationship between power and time with critical power as the power-asymptote and the curvature constant denoted by W′. Critical power (CP) is a theoretical power output that can be sustained indefinitely by an individual, and the curvature constant (W′) represents the amount of work that can be done above CP. Different methods and models have been validated to determine CP and W′, most of which are algebraic manipulations of the two-parameter model. The models yield different CP and W′ estimates for the same data depending on the regression fit and rounding off approximations. These estimates, at the subject level, have an inherent day-to-day variability called intra-individual variability (IIV) associated with them, which is not captured by any of the existing methods. This calls for a need for new methods to arrive at the IIV associated with CP and W′. Furthermore, existing models focus on the expenditure of W′ for efforts above CP and do not model its recovery in the sub-CP domain. Thus, there is a need for methods and models that account for (i) the IIV to measure the effectiveness of individual training prescriptions and (ii) the recovery of W′ to aid human performance optimization.
Do business ties generate private information? Evidence from institutional trading around M&A announcements

Abstract Business ties generate private information for institutional investors related to a firm's 401(k) trustee. These investors strategically trade a bidder's stock around the announcement of a deal, reducing holdings ahead of value-destroying deals and increasing their positions before value-creating ones. Superior trading ability does not explain this behavior as these same investors do not exhibit similar trading behavior in firms with which they do not have a business tie.
Nicotiana chloroplast genome

N. accuminata has a chloroplast genome of 171 Kb which is larger than 160 Kb reported for N. tabacum. A physical map of the former has been constructed by SalI, BglI, and PvuII enzymes in comparison with N. tabacum. They both share identical restriction map except in the extra segment of N. accuminata. This extra segment is located on the right-hand border of an inverted repeat in the large-single copy region of N. accuminata. It contains the following restriction sites: two for BglI and SmaI; three for SalI and XhoI. The size of inverted repeat measured by electron microscope is 22.67±0.78 Kb and 19.28±0.61 Kb for N. accuminata and N. tabacum, respectively. This is the first case where a larger inverted repeat region accompanied by a larger genome size was found among over 30 Nicotiana species studied thus far.
Impact of a Multidisciplinary Sepsis Initiative on Knowledge and Behavior in a Pediatric Center.

Objective Our institution performed an educational initiative targeting previously identified barriers to pediatric sepsis recognition and treatment. We hypothesized that provider knowledge, attitude, and behavior would be improved 1 year after implementation. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of a multi-faceted quality initiative introduced to providers in the Emergency Department, inpatient wards, and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care children's hospital. Educational platforms consisted of quarterly electronic sepsis "newsletters," brightly colored posters highlighting protocol and screening strategies displayed throughout the hospital, and low-fidelity simulation sessions (drills) led by trained staff and incorporated into daily workflows. The content was driven by feedback from a baseline needs assessment of sepsis education. One year after implementation, the needs assessment was repeated. Results Over 3 months, facilitators conducted 197 drills and captured a majority of nurses (89%), pediatrics residents (96%), and respiratory therapists (62%). By 6 months, 241 sessions had been completed. Approximately 55.4% of the 442 eligible staff participated in our post-intervention survey. Overall, knowledge of diagnostic criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock increased from pre-intervention levels (P = 0.015). Among post-implementation respondents, drill participants outperformed their colleagues (P = 0.001). A greater percentage of post-intervention respondents indicated comfort with sepsis recognition (P < 0.001), and fewer reported hesitating to bring sepsis concerns to their care team (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary curriculum balancing active education-through brief, targeted simulation-and general awareness-through electronic resources and a poster campaign-can improve sepsis-related knowledge, attitude, and behavior among pediatric practitioners.
Ben Robertson: South Carolina Journalist and Author

Jodie Peeler uses her engaging book, Ben Robertson: South Carolina Journalist and Author, to argue that the war correspondent’s classic novel, Red Hills and Cotton: An Upcountry Memory, should not ...
Performing Black life: the FAMU Marching 100 and the Black aesthetic politics of disruption, presence and affirmation:

Black thought has long emphasized the vital importance of aesthetic politics to Black activism and community life. Recent scholarship has emphasized the importance of analyzing the aesthetic geogra...
Abstract A81: Targeting EZH2/DAB2IP/Wnt axis in ovarian cancer stem cells

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Recent data have pointed to the persistence of quiescent ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) not eliminated by chemotherapy and able to regenerate tumors as the main contributor to tumor relapse and metastasis. Downregulation of tumor suppressor DAB2IP significantly correlated with poor patient survival in OC. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that DAB2IP is downregulated by EZH2 methylation in OC and targeting DAB2IP inhibits OCSCs, which would prevent disease recurrence. Subpopulations of CSC and non-CSC were isolated from OC cell lines by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a consistent CSC marker. Expression of DAB2IP in ALDH(+) cells was lower (P 2) altered expression of 449 genes, including downregulation of ALDH1A1, LGR5, PROM1, and TWIST1, markers strongly associated with CSC phenotypes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for upstream regulators of differentially expressed genes revealed Wnt-signaling as a dominant pathway mediating the anti-OCSC effects of DAB2IP. Based on RNA-seq analysis, WNT5B expression decreased (P Citation Format: Xingyue Zong, Ali Ozes, Weini Wang, Kenneth P. Nephew. Targeting EZH2/DAB2IP/Wnt axis in ovarian cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr A81.
3D-printed polypropylene transtibial sockets: Mechanical behavior

This paper defines the tensile properties of a successfully worn 3D-printed transtibial socket. The socket was printed from a proprietary polypropylene filament and FDM 3D-printing process. Fused d...
Evaluation for Racial Disparities in Patients Presenting for Sports Medicine Knee Surgery

Objectives:Several clinical studies have outlined differences in clinical outcomes and access to care when controlling for race. No published clinical study has ever investigated healthcare dispari...
Neutral flow interaction with a magnetic dipole plasma II. Global model

A simulation study is presented for a collisional, low-temperature dipole plasma encountered by rarefied, hypersonic neutral gas flow. A global model is developed and averaged over a toroidal control volume to describe the mass and energy exchange between the neutral stream and plasma. Simulations over a large range of magnet and freestream parameters reveal three distinct physical regimes that have significant bearing on the magnitude of plasma/flow interaction. The transitions between these regimes exhibit characteristics of resistive critical ionization, whereby the relative kinetic energy between plasma and neutral gas collisionally heats electrons, driving rapid and complete ionization of the gas. Two regime transitions are observed here with sudden exponential increases in plasma density occurring at velocity thresholds that depend on several energy loss mechanisms. The higher-velocity transition is a classical presentation of critical ionization where flow neutrals are ionized directly by plasma electrons. The other is a unique case in which charge exchange between ions and flow neutrals supplies both the particles and energy required to initiate critical ionization. This transition is distinct from any critical ionization effect reported in literature and indicates the existence of a lower critical velocity governed by collisional and diffusive effects as opposed to ionization energy losses only. Drag force on the magnetic field is considered by examining absorption and deflection of ionized flow by the dipole. The critical ionization thresholds increase the force on the magnet by up to two orders of magnitude compared to aerodynamic drag on an equivalently sized flow impediment.
Disparities and Equity Issues of Electric Vehicles Rebate Allocation

The path towards light-duty vehicle electrification promises benefits like lower costs for drivers and reduced environmental externalities for all. Incentives such as electric vehicle rebates assist with alleviating high capital costs of alternative fuel cars. We uncover distributional effects of plug-in electric vehicle rebates, focusing on a program in the State of California. We leverage economic attributes representative of populations of census tracts as well as data on rebates distributed to plug-in electric vehicle buyers through the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project from 2010 to 2018. Horizontal and vertical equity measures are evaluated, while measurement of spatial association characterizes spatial patterns of rebates allocation across the State. We evaluate the distributional fairness of rebates allocation between income groups and disadvantaged communities. We find that rebates have been predominantly given to higher-income electric vehicle buyers. However, the share of rebates distributed to low-income groups and disadvantaged communities increased after an income-cap policy was put into effect. Spatial analysis shows high spatial clustering effects and rebates concentration in major metropolitan regions. We reveal neighborhood effects: communities with lower median income or disadvantaged receive higher rebate amount when these are close to spatial clusters characterized as high income and high rebate amount receivers.
Averaged-value Modeling and Modelability Analysis for an Operational Megawatt-scale Medium-Voltage Modular Multilevel Converter

This paper presents a new modeling method for deriving an averaged-value model (AVM) of an operational megawatt-scale medium-voltage modular multilevel converter (MMC) without knowledge of the internal topology or controls. The model control parameters are derived from the dc terminal impedance measurements and step transient responses. The model is validated first by controller-hardware-in-the-Ioop (CHIL) simulation and subsequently by power hardware testing. Thousands of repeated current step responses are automatically implemented in the test bed to generate sufficient data for model validation. These tests also revealed a specific phenomenon associated with current rise time inconsistency. Therefore, the modelability of power electronics converters is first explored in this paper, and a preliminary analysis is provided.
Drug-Poly(Lysine) Conjugates: Their Potential for Chemotherapy and for the Study of Endocytosis

Poly(L-Lysine) (poly(Lys)), a strongly cationic macromolecule, is efficiently transported into cells by endocytosis (Ryser et al., 1982). This uptake is preceeded by a strong adsorption to the cell surface, which is due to a non-specific interaction of the polymer’s positive charges with the negative charges present at the surface of most mammalian cells. The membrane transport of poly(Lys), therefore, can be defined as non-specific adsorptive endocytosis, as opposed to fluid-phase endocytosis or to receptor-mediated endocytosis (Fig. 1). In fluid-phase endocytosis macromolecules do not bind to any sites at the cell surface, and their transport occurs only through the internalization of a small quantum of medium engulfed by the constitutive process of membrane vesiculation. In receptor-mediated endocytosis a macromolecule binds to a specific site usually located in clathrin coated area of the membrane. Such specialized area gives rise to clathrin coated pits and baskets, which pinch off to form clathrin coated vesicles. The number of binding sites for a specific ligand is usually limited (1 × 1 × 104 to 1 × 106/cell) which accounts for the saturable nature of the transport process (Fig. 1). Specificity is established by demonstrating competition with unlabeled ligand and lack of competition with chemically related molecules. The specific sites are commonly called membrane receptors, even when they are not yet associated with specific cellular functions.
Hexahydro‐2‐(1H)‐Azocinone

Hexahydro-2-(1H)-azocinone reactant: cycloheptanone (5.61 g, 0.05 mol) product: hexahydro-2(1H)-azocinone Keywords: addition, to CO; rearrangements; ring expansion reactions
Side scan sonar acoustic variability

The authors report the results of research on the inherent variability of side-scan sonar imagery to determine the magnitude and nature of image intensity fluctuations. Two experiments are presented in which a Klein 100-kHz system is operated under controlled conditions that remove all but purely instrumental and acoustic causes of image variability. The result of one experiment in a test tank is a statistical analysis of the transmitted waveform. A second experiment, conducted from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Pier, allows similar analysis for the combined side-scan sonar transmit/receive signal path. Significant fluctuation in side-scan sonar acoustics and in the images obtained was found. The lack of temporal or spatial correlation of the observed fluctuation shows that they are not due primarily to transmitter power fluctuations. In the absence of influences such as towfish instability or changes in imaging geometry, fluctuations of up to 14% were observed for images of identical bottom features. The fluctuations are approximately Gaussian distributed and nearly a constant percentage of mean intensity, indicating that this is a multiplicative rather than additive effect. >
The European Metahistorical Narrative and Its Changing “Metaparadigms” in the Modern Age (Part I)

letter (1953, 2: 336–337). Herder’s historical model integrated Moser’s sketched German history establishing a natural teleology toward constitutional and democratic governance. Progress was political. English “Whig” history, partaking of the same sense of teleological progress based upon the rule of law, was created in these same years, modeled by thinkers such as Edmund Burke
The Declaration of Independence and Immigration in the United States of America

TheUnitedStateshasalwaysbeenanationofimmigrants,andimmigrationpolicyhasalways been controversial. The history of immigration in the United States is contrasted in this arti cle with a normative standard of naturalization (immigration policy) based on the Declaration of Independence. The current immigration debate fits within a historical pattern that pits an un restrictedrightofimmigration(theleft)againstexclusive,provincialpolitics(theright).Both sides are simultaneously correct and incorrect.A moderate policy on immigration is possible if the debate in the United States gets an infusion of what Thomas Paine called “common sense.”
Methylation and Uracil Interference Assays for Analysis of Protein-DNA Interactions

Interference assays identify specific residues in the DNA binding site that, when modified, interfere with binding of the protein. The protocols use end-labeled DNA probes that are modified at an average of one site per molecule of probe. These probes are incubated with the protein of interest, and protein-DNA complexes are separated from free probe by the mobility shift assay. A DNA probe that is modified at a position that interferes with binding will not be retarded in this assay; thus, the specific protein-DNA complex is depleted for DNA that contains modifications on bases important for binding. After gel purification, the bound and unbound DNA are specifically cleaved at the modified residues and the resulting products analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide sequencing gels and autoradiography. In the methylation interference protocol presented here, probes are generated by methylating guanines (at the N-7 position) and adenines (at the N-3 position) with DMS; these methylated bases are cleaved specifically by piperidine. In the uracil interference protocol, probes are generated by PCR amplification in the presence of a mixture of TTP and dUTP, thereby producing products in which thymine residues are replaced by deoxyuracil residues (which contains hydrogen in place of the thymine 5-methyl group). Uracil bases are specifically cleaved by uracil-N-glycosylase to generate apyrimidinic sites that are susceptible to piperidine. These procedures provide complementary information about the nucleotides involved in protein-DNA interactions.
Resistance to Constitutional Theory: The Supreme Court, Constitutional Change, and the "Pragmatic Moment"

This Article approaches the law-politics divide from a new angle. Drawing on the insights of literary theory, this Article argues that every act of interpretation, including constitutional interpretation, inevitably draws not only on text but also on context, and that the relevant context extends beyond both the written document and the historical context of its origination. This understanding derives from speech-act theory and from postmodern literary theory. As Paul de Man argues in his seminal essay, The Resistance to Theory, moreover, the act of interpretation always encompasses a “pragmatic moment” that undermines the effort to attain perfect theoretical coherence. Applying this perspective to constitutional interpretation, this Article argues that neither constitutional theory nor politics, on its own, is capable of fully explaining constitutional interpretation and constitutional change. In illustrating this phenomenon, this Article draws on recent scholarship about the recent evolution of constitutional doctrine in two areas — the Fourteenth Amendment and the religion clauses of the First Amendment — to demonstrate the dialectical interplay among text, principle, and pragmatism in constitutional interpretation and constitutional change. Although the insights regarding the sources of constitutional change in these areas are not new, the original contribution of this Article lies in its reconfiguration of the theoretical understanding of how, and why, this change inevitably occurs.
Limitations to exercise- and maximal insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake

The hypothesis of this investigation was that insulin and muscle contraction, by increasing the rate of skeletal muscle glucose transport, would bias control so that glucose delivery to the sarcole...