cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Service Utilization among Ethnic Minority Children with ADHD: A Model of Help-Seeking Behavior

Despite a significant increase in the number of children and adolescents who receive clinical services for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is still a considerable level of unmet need. Children of ethnic minority status continue to lag well behind their non-minority counterparts in the rate of diagnosis and treatment for the disorder. Racial/ethnic disparities in service use are the result of a combination of access barriers and individual, cultural, and societal factors. The ADHD Help-Seeking Behavior Model is proposed as a framework for understanding factors that may be predictive of service use. Variables specific to ADHD and ethnic-minority populations are integrated within the framework of a four-stage pathway model encompassing problem recognition, decision to seek help, service selection, and service use. The authors argue that by systematically addressing factors related to service use for each ethnic minority group, more effective intervention initiatives can be developed to improve identification and treatment for ADHD among underserved children.
Biochemical and Genetic Analyses of Murine Hepatitis Virus Nsp15 Endoribonuclease

The goal of this project was to better define the relationship between the endoribonuclease activity of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) Nsp15 (mNsp15) and its role in virus infection. Molecular modeling demonstrated that the catalytic residues of mNsp15 are superimposable with its severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ortholog. Alanine substitutions at three key residues in the mNsp15 catalytic pocket (H262, H277, and G275) and a double-mutant version (H262P and H277A) generated proteins with greatly reduced but detectable endoribonuclease activities. Furthermore, these mutant proteins demonstrated lower cleavage specificities for uridylate than wild-type (WT) mNsp15. These mutations were successfully incorporated into viruses named vH262A, vH277A, vG275A, and vH262P+H277A. All four mutant viruses formed plaques with diameters similar to that of MHV-A59 1000 (WT virus) on several different cell lines. Interestingly, viruses with a mutation at a noncatalytic residue, D324A, could not be recovered despite repeated attempts, and expression of mNsp15 containing the D324A mutation in Escherichia coli resulted in an insoluble protein. Plaques derived from vH262A produced approximately 6- to 13-fold fewer PFU than those from WT virus. Cells infected with mNsp15 mutant viruses accumulated lesser amounts of plus- and minus-sense subgenomic RNAs and spike protein than WT virus. The expression of mNsp15 in trans by transient transfection partially restored RNA synthesis by vH262A. These results demonstrate that mNsp15 is required for optimal infection by MHV.
A RANKING VARIABLE ANALOGUE OF BISERIAL CORRELATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SHORT‐CUT ITEM ANALYSIS

The writer's purpose is to propose a new, easily calculable index of item discrimination for use in the validation of dichotomously scored items. The derivation of the index is discussed only briefly since this and other technical matters have been presented elsewhere (Glass, 1965). Computation of the index is illustrated. The strengths and weaknesses of the proposed index relative to several existing indices of item discrimination are discussed. Specifically, the nonparametric character of the index, its range, a significance test, and the problem of correcting for the overlap of item with total test score are touched upon.
Regaining lost youth: the controversial and colorful beginnings of hormone replacement therapy in aging.

The quest for regaining lost youth seems to have existed since the beginning of recorded history and has taken many forms. One strategy that began in earnest in the latter part of the 19th century and continues to have enormous momentum today is based on the notion that by replacing internally secreted substances, that is, hormones, that decline with age, the vitality and physical attributes associated with youth can be regained. Although the approach remains highly controversial as, for example, in "anti-aging medicine," it is no more controversial than it was many years ago when the work of three high profile investigators, Charles Eduoard Brown-Sequard, Eugen Steinach, and Serge Voronoff set the basis for using this strategy. In the case of all three individuals, the therapies they developed received widespread attention (including ridicule) in the popular press, were spread rapidly by practitioners of questionable training and ethical motivation, and finally and relatively quickly disappeared from common use. However, and ultimately more importantly, in the process of developing and promoting their therapies, these individuals made important contributions to the origins of endocrinology, the biology of sex, and establishment of hormone replacement therapy. It remains to be seen whether contemporary efforts using hormone replacement therapy to blunt and reverse aging have the same fate as their predecessors and make comparable important contributions to biology and medicine.
Efficient noise analysis of ideal switched-capacitor networks with experimental verification

An exact method is outlined for computing the noise power spectral density (PSD) in "nearly" ideal switched capacitor networks (SCNs). Explicit formulas are presented for both white and 1/f input noise. The 1/f noise source is handled directly in the formulation without having to approximate its PSD using a noise shaping filter. The technique avoids computing eigenvalues or matrix exponentials, as well as solving bilateral matrix equations. The proposed formulation is based on the charge state variable characterization. Thus, it is directly adaptable to the ideal SCN simulator such as SWITCAP. The formulation is presented by emphasizing on an operational amplifier (opamp) modeled by finite gain and pole frequency, and its input-referred noise PSD. An experiment is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed formulation.
Comparison of modifiable health behaviours between persons with and without cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort.

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases between adult cancer survivors and persons with no history of cancer. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Population-based sample residing in California and Hawaii. SUBJECTS A total of 177 003 men and women aged 45-75 years who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Logistic regression was used to examine adherence to recommendations regarding modifiable risk factors among cancer survivors (n 16 346) when compared with cohort members with no history of cancer (n 160 657). RESULTS Cancer survivors were less likely than cohort members with no history of cancer to meet recommendations specified in the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) 2007 report (OR = 0·97; 95 % CI 0·96, 0·99). No difference between groups was seen for adherence to dietary recommendations alone (OR = 0·99; 95 % CI 0·98, 1·01). Site-specific analyses showed that results for colorectal cancer were similar to those for all cancers combined, but survivors of breast (OR = 1·04; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·07) and prostate (OR = 1·04; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·07) cancer were more likely to meet dietary recommendations. Latino survivors were less likely to adhere to WCRF/AICR recommendations than Latino controls; however, differences across ethnic groups were not significant (Pinteraction = 0·64). CONCLUSIONS The modest differences found between adult cancer survivors and persons with no history of cancer suggest that a diagnosis of cancer in itself may not be associated with improvements in health behaviours related to cancer and other chronic diseases.
Cooperative multicast for maximum network lifetime

We consider cooperative data multicast in a wireless network with the objective to maximize the network lifetime. We present the maximum lifetime accumulative broadcast (MLAB) algorithm that specifies the nodes' order of transmission and transmit power levels. We prove that the solution found by MLAB is optimal but not necessarily unique. The power levels found by the algorithm ensure that the lifetimes of the active relays are the same, causing them to fail simultaneously. For the same battery levels at all the nodes, the optimum transmit powers become the same. The simplicity of the solution is made possible by allowing the nodes that are out of the transmission range of a transmitter to collect the energy of unreliably received overheard signals. As a message is forwarded through the network, nodes will have multiple opportunities to reliably receive the message by collecting energy during each retransmission. We refer to this cooperative strategy as accumulative multicast. Cooperative multicast not only increases the multicast energy-efficiency by allowing for more energy radiated in the network to be collected, but also facilitates load balancing by relaxing the constraint that a relay has to transmit with power sufficient to reach its most disadvantaged child. When the message is to be delivered to all network nodes this cooperative strategy becomes accumulative broadcast (Maric and Yates, 2002). Simulation results demonstrate that cooperative broadcast significantly increased network lifetime compared with conventional broadcast. We also present the distributed MLAB algorithm for accumulative broadcast that determines the transmit power levels locally at the nodes.
Excess Cancers Among HIV-Infected People in the United States

Nearly 900 000 people were living with diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States at the end of 2010 (1). Among HIV-infected people, cancer risk is increased because of immunosuppression, frequent coinfection with oncogenic viruses, and risk behaviors including smoking (2–4). Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, mortality related to advanced immunodeficiency (ie, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]) has declined (5,6), leading to increasing numbers of people living with HIV and an overall aging of the HIV population (7). Three virus-related cancers are considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to define the onset of AIDS in an HIV-infected person: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and cervical cancer. The incidence of these AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) has decreased since the introduction of HAART, but the incidence of some non–AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) has increased (8). Due largely to the increasing size and advancing age of the HIV population, the number of NADCs has risen, leading to growth in the overall cancer burden among HIV-infected people (7). The burden of cancer in a population can be described in terms of the number of cases, both overall and attributable to specific exposures such as infections, alcohol, and excess body mass index (9–12). Such estimates allow cancer and its risk factors to be understood in a broad context to inform research and public health planning. Until recently, incomplete national HIV surveillance data prevented estimation of the cancer burden in the HIV-infected population for the entire United States (7). Some cancer cases are expected in the HIV population, because of background risk alone, and these can be estimated using cancer incidence rates from the general population. However, given higher risks, larger numbers of cases would be expected in the HIV population for many cancer types. These excess cancers highlight differences in the cancer burden between HIV-infected people and the general population, providing one framework for considering how cancer control strategies can be tailored to HIV-infected people. In principle, the excess cancer burden represents cases that could be eliminated if one could intervene on all aspects of being HIV-infected, thus reducing cancer risks to those in the general population. Defining optimal strategies for cancer prevention and early detection in this growing, high-risk population with unique public health needs is a rising challenge (13). To provide context for research and public health efforts, we quantified the total and excess cancer burden among HIV-infected people in the United States using population-based data from HIV and cancer registries.
Family Killing Fields Honor Rationales in the Murder of Women

The authors argue that cultural and personal systems of honor that depend on the behavior of others are an integral part of the killing of women by their families or intimates. Comparing patterns of conduct in both traditional cultures and English-speaking countries, this study focuses on the basic elements of such honor rationales—control, feelings of shame, and levels of community involvement—to establish that such rationales are a worldwide phenomenon. An appreciation of such honor systems adds an additional theoretical dimension both for understanding the incidence of male intimate violence in English-speaking countries and for cross-cultural comparisons. Furthermore, it contributes to the current need for a theoretical framework that accounts for cultural and contextual patterns of male intimate violence.
Coaches' Goals for Young Children in a Recreational Sports Program

Almost all children participate in sports at some time, and programs are being established for even younger children. Adults who coach the children largely determine what the children's sports experience will be. Coaches' perceptions of what is important for the young children they instruct have not yet been carefully investigated. This study was designed, therefore, to determine coaches' goals for young children.Data were gathered by use of an attitude questionnaire administered to 29 coaches of a recreational basketball program of children ranging in age from 6 to 10 years old. Of the 12 goals, feeling part of a team, learning to do my best, and having fun and excitement were most highly rated as extremely important, while becoming popular was lowest rated as not important. Results revealed that coaches in general are able to clearly define their goals and priorities, and these goals seem developmentally appropriate for the children. However, coaches make little differentiation in goals based on age.
Taking the brakes off telomerase

Studies using human embryonic stem cells have revealed how common cancer-associated mutations exert their effect on telomerase after cells differentiate into more specialized cell types.
Mn and Zn doped ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

Manganese was incorporated into a ZSM-5 zeolite by a special impregnation method which practically prevented the deposition of the metal ions on the internal surface of the zeolite pores. As a result, the production of light olefins increased sharply while that of aromatics did not significantly change. The double incorporation of Zn (by ion-exchange) and of Mn (by this impregnation technique) led to catalysts which could produce more aromatics and more light olefins (mainly ethylene and propylene) than the parent ZSM-5 zeolite.
Towards Bridging the Web and the Semantic Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) has provided us with a plethora of information. However, given its unstructured format, this information is useful mainly to humans and cannot be effectively interpreted by machines. The Semantic Web provides information in computer understandable structures (e.g., RDF), but the amount of information on the Semantic Web is limited compared to the amount of information available on the Web. The problem of generating a bridge between the Web and Semantic Web has recently gained a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose a Concept Extractor and Relationship Identifier (CE-RI) system, which acts as a bridge between Web and Semantic Web by providing a “semantic” way of presenting the search results to the user. The Concept Extractor (CE) component of our system makes use of the power of existing search engines coupled with the elegance of PageRank to extract high quality concepts related to the given query. The Relationship Identifier (RI) component finds relationships between the extracted concepts and the given query and presents them to the user in the form of a graph. It also stores the generated results formally, in the form of RDF triples, to facilitate better inferences as compared to traditional search engines. We evaluate our system by comparing its components CE and RI with other similar ”state of the art” concept detection and relationship identification systems, respectively. The results produced by our system are either similar or better than those generated by other systems.
Utility-per-Recruit Modeling: A Neglected Concept

Abstract Yield-per-recruit analysis consists of summing or integrating the relative weight of the catch over all ages exploited in a fishery. Utility-per-recruit analysis is a generalization of this in which the utility or value (not necessarily monetary) of the catch, instead of the weight, is accumulated over age, The utility function of age can take many forms. For a sport fishery, age-specific ratings offish quality can be derived from angler interviews in order to construct the utility function. In commercial fisheries, utility would most generally be taken to be the net income per recruit (revenues minus costs). However, it will often be of interest to examine per-recruit revenue alone because this is easy to obtain. In several important cases, the computations can be performed analytically.
Kihara parameters and second virial coefficients for cryogenic fluids and their mixtures

The volumetric properties of sixteen fluids of interest in cryogenic engineering have been used to calculate second virial coefficients over as large a temperature range as possible. These coefficients were then fitted to theoretical expressions based on the Kihara potential function. For helium, hydrogen, and neon quantum corrections were applied. For nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetylene corrections for quadrupole interactions were made. It was found that the theoretical expressions give an extremely good fit of all reliable experimental datu. The theoretical expressions may therefore be used with confidence to predict volumetric behavior at very low temperatures where data are frequently unavailable. With the aid of semiempirical mixing rules the theoretical expressions may be used to predict second virial coefficients for mixtures. Agreement with the very limited amount of experimental mixture data is satisfactory. Finally it is shown that calculations based on the Kihara potential may be employed to make useful predictions of phase equilibria such as the solubility of a solid in a compressed gas.
Intracellular Calcium Attenuates Late Current Conducted by Mutant Human Cardiac Sodium Channels

Background— Mutations of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel ( SCN5A gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel [NaV1.5]) cause congenital long-QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3). Most NaV1.5 mutations associated with LQT3 promote a mode of sodium channel gating in which some channels fail to inactivate, contributing to increased late sodium current ( I NaL), which is directly responsible for delayed repolarization and prolongation of the QT interval. LQT3 patients have highest risk of arrhythmia during sleep or during periods of slow heart rate. During exercise (high heart rate), there is elevated steady-state intracellular free calcium (Ca2+) concentration. We hypothesized that higher levels of intracellular Ca2+ may lower arrhythmia risk in LQT3 subjects through effects on I NaL. Methods and Results— We tested this idea by examining the effects of varying intracellular Ca2+ concentrations on the level of I NaL in cells expressing a typical LQT3 mutation, delKPQ, and another SCN5A mutation, R225P. We found that elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration significantly reduced I NaL conducted by mutant channels but not wild-type channels. This attenuation of I NaL in delKPQ expressing cells by Ca2+ was not affected by the CaM kinase II inhibitor KN-93 but was partially attenuated by truncating the C-terminus of the channel. Conclusions— We conclude that intracellular Ca2+ contributes to the regulation of INaL conducted by NaV1.5 mutants and propose that, during excitation–contraction coupling, elevated intracellular Ca2+ suppresses mutant channel I NaL and protects cells from delayed repolarization. These findings offer a plausible explanation for the lower arrhythmia risk in LQT3 subjects during fast heart rates.
Reactions of halogen-substituted aziridinylbenzoquinones with glutathione. Formation of diglutathionyl conjugates and semiquinones.

Abstract The reaction between glutathione and 2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinones bearing halogen substituents at C 3 and C 6 was examined in terms of the formation of glutathionyl-quinone conjugates and semiquinones by HPLC with UV detection, mass spectroscopy and EPR. The reactivity of the halogen atoms toward sulfur substitution is the primary reaction leading to the formation of mono- and di-glutathionyl-substituted quinones. The relative formation of these conjugates depended on the GSH/quinone molar ratios. At GSH/quinone molar ratios below unity, the products observed were the reduced form of the parent quinone, a dithioether derivative and GSSG. Disulfide formation accounted for 60–68% of total GSH consumed. EPR analysis of these reaction mixtures showed a 5-line spectrum (1:2:3:2:1 relative intensities) with 2 equivalent N ( a N =1.98 G) and assigned to the semiquinone form of dichloro- diaziridinylbenzoquinone. Semiquinone quantification by double integration of the EPR signals and interpolation with an adequate standard revealed that the amount of semiquinone formed per GSH consumed was 0.98. At GSH/quinone molar ratios above unity (4, 10 and 100 molar excess of GSH) a pattern of products emerged consisting of 3,6-diglutathionyl quinones with two, one and no aziridinyl moieties, identified by mass spectral analysis. EPR studies revealed that these compounds were minor components of a composite EPR spectrum (a 3-line signal with 1:1:1 relative intensities, 1 equivalent N ( a N =1.73 G) and 1 H ( a H =1.45 G) or a 3-line signal with 1:2:1 relative intensities and 2 equivalent H ( a H =1.4 G). These minor components were assigned to the diglutathionyl conjugates bearing one- or no aziridinyl moiety, respectively. The major component in the EPR signal showed a 3-line spectrum (1:1:1 relative intensity) with 1 equivalent N ( a N =1.7 G) and a g shift of −0.96 G. This spectrum was assigned to a triglutathionyl conjugate of a monoaziridinylbenzoquinone. This major component was also observed when GSH/quinone mixtures were incubated with the two-electron transfer flavoprotein NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase. The semiquinone signals were abolished by superoxide dismutase. In the presence of catalase, the contribution of these components to the overall EPR spectrum was equal. These data are discussed in terms of the one-electron transfer steps encompassed by thiol oxidation and semiquinone formation and the two-electron transfers inherent in sulfur substitution and aziridinyl group loss.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging and Spectroscopy in Experimental Brain Edema in the Rat

High resolution in vivo NMR images are now obtainable and noninvasively provide both anatomic and biochemical information [1]. The quantitation of brain edema, the effects of cerebral blood volume upon NMR relaxation values, and the reliability of imager longitudinal and transverse relaxation times are several aspects of NMR imaging and spectroscopy which have not been adequately explored. These factors can be investigated by in vitro NMR spectroscopy, in vivo NMR imaging, microgravimetry and wet/dry weights, cerebral blood volume determination, and phospholipid assay in experimental brain edema.
Resolving Russell's Anti-Realism About Causation: The Connection Between Causation and the Functional Dependencies of Mathematical Physics

In “On the Notion of Cause,”[1][1] Bertrand Russell expressed an eliminativist view about causation driven by an examination of the contents of mathematical physics. Russell's primary reason for thinking that the notion of causation is absent in physics was that laws of nature are mere “functional dependencies” and not “causal laws.” In this paper, I show that several ordinary notions of causation can be found within the functional dependencies of physics. Not only does this show that Russell's eliminitivism was misguided, but it shows that Russell's opponents, such as Nancy Cartwright, who think that mere functional dependencies cannot capture causal claims, also underestimate the causal content of such equations. [1]: #fn-2
What is Ancient History

Every society has told stories about ancient times, but contemporary ancient history was the product of two main developments. The first was the invention of writing, which made scholarly study of the past possible, and the second was the explosion of knowledge about the world from the eighteenth century onward. Europeans responded to this explosion by inventing two main versions of antiquity: the first, an evolutionary model, was global and went back to the origins of humanity; and the second, a classical model, treated Greece and Rome as turning points in world history. These two views of antiquity have competed for two hundred and fifty years, but in the twenty-first century, the evidence and methods available to ancient historians are changing faster than at any other time since the debate began. We should therefore expect the balance between the two theories to shift dramatically. We close by considering some possible areas of engagement.
Arrangement of coding and non-coding sequences in the DNA molecules coding for rRNAs in Oxytricha sp. DNA of ciliated protozoa. VII.

All of the genes in the macronucleus of Oxytricha sp. occur on physically separate “gene-sized” DNA molecules. We have inserted the DNA molecule that codes for rRNA into a bacterial plasmid in order to study its structure and function. Using restriction nuclease mapping and hybridization of 125I-rRNAs to gel separated DNA fragments we have determined that the intact rDNA is 8,140±50 base pairs (bp) in length. Reading from one end, the molecule consists of ∼1,540 bp of non-coding DNA, ∼2,100±50 bp that code for 19S rRNA, ∼ 3,700±50 bp that code for 25S rRNA, and ∼620±50 bp of non-coding DNA. The 5.8S rRNA coding sequence (∼150 bp) occurs at one end of the 25S RNA coding region but which end is not known yet. All three rRNAs are encoded in the same strand of the DNA molecule, and transcription is in the order: 19S→25S.
Effects of diazoxide on renal function in the dog.

SummaryRenal clearance and stop flow studies were done in dogs before and after infusion of diazoxide directly into the left renal artery. In all animals the left kidney showed a prompt diuresis, natriuresis and increase in creatinine or inulin clearance when diazoxide was given. No inhibition of distal tubular sodium reabsorption following diazoxide administration was found using the stop flow technique. The natriuresis produced by infusing diazoxide directly into the renal artery is probably due to renal vasodilation and resulting changes in intrarenal hemo-dynamics.
Additional value of spirometry in risk assessment of acute respiratory disease in winter among patients with mild to moderate asthma or COPD

Spirometry is frequently performed by Dutch general practitioners to diagnose and monitor asthma or COPD. However, its additional value to anamnestic data in predicting the occurrence of acute respiratory disease (ARD) is unknown. We developed a clinical prediction model, assessing the additional value of spirometry, for the risk of asthma/COPD exacerbation or pneumonia during an influenza epidemic. Data were used from a case-control study among patients with asthma or COPD aged 18-64 years in general practice. During the influenza epidemics of 1998-1999 and 1999-2000, data on demographics, prior health care use, medical consumption, type of lung disease and comorbidity were collected from 87 patients with an exacerbation or pneumonia and 363 controls matched on age en sex using computerized medical records. Additionally, FEV1 and PEF were measured before and after inhalation of a β-agonist. Conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the discriminative value of anamnestic data and spirometry. Independent predictors of the occurrence of ARD were ‘prior exacerbation’ (OR 6.3 95% CI 3.3-12.3), ‘use of bronchodilators’ (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.8), ‘treatment by pulmonologist’ (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.4) and ‘COPD’ (OR 1.7, 95%CI 0.9-3.0). The fit of the model was good (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit-test p=0.36) and discrimination satisfactory (AUC =0.75). Both FEV1 %predicted and PEF%predicted were significant predictors, but did not improve discriminative power of the model. Subgroup analyses showed no effect modification by age, type of lung disease, or risk classification on the additional discriminative value of spirometry. Using routinely available information, a reliable estimation of the risk of ARD in patients with mild to moderate lung disease aged 18-64 years during an influenza epidemic can be made. There is no additional value of lung function to history taking in this patient group.
The Effect of Hydrogen and Fluorine Coadsorption on the Piezoelectric Properties of Graphene

Motivated by a search for electromechanical coupling in monolayer materials, we study graphene chemically modified by hydrogen adsorbed on one side and fluorine adsorbed on the other side. Such adsorption under experimental conditions can potentially lead to a variety of configurations of atoms on the surface. We perform an exhaustive evaluation of candidate configurations for two stoichiometries, C2HF and C4HF, and examine their electromechanical properties using density functional theory. While all configurations exhibit an e31 piezoelectric effect, the lowest energy configuration additionally exhibits an e11 effect. Therefore, both e31 and e11 piezoelectricity can potentially be engineered into nonpiezoelectric monolayer graphene, providing an avenue for monolithic integration of electronic and electromechanical devices in graphene monolayers for resonators, sensors, and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
A “suitably dead” woman: Grieving Andrea Dworkin

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the discursive register through which lives become grievable by focusing on a case study of the discourses surrounding the death of radical feminist, Andrea Dworkin. I argue that Dworkin becomes embroiled in an interlocking nexus of illicit subject positions that set the terms of her grievability and obstruct recognition of her as a rational being by framing her (1) as the quintessential emotional and irrational woman who is not worthy of the respect typically offered to the dead and (2) in relation to her wild, unruly, and excessive body, which is conflated with her feral work.
Cardiac 5'-nucleotidase activity increases with age and inversely relates to recovery from ischemia.

The metabolic basis for the enhanced tolerance of immature hearts to ischemia remains to be elucidated. Loss of high-energy phosphate nucleotides occurs during ischemia/reperfusion in mature (adult) hearts through the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate, diphosphate, and monophosphate (nondiffusible) to adenosine (freely diffusible). However, previous work has shown that after ischemia nondiffusible nucleotides are better retained by immature (neonatal) hearts than by mature hearts. The enzyme responsible for the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine is 5’-nucleotidase. We therefore hypothesized lower activity of this enzyme in neonatal than in adult myocardium. The purposes of this study were (1) to document 5’-nucleotidase activities in neonatal and adult rabbit myocardium and (2) to correlate differences of 5’-nucleotidase activity with functional recovery from ischemia. Neonatal (5- to 10-day-old) and adult (4- to 6-month-old) rabbit hearts were isolated and perfused (retrograde Langendorff). A left ventricular balloon measured functional parameters. Hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of global 37° C ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion followed by freeze clamping. Tissue homogenates were assayed for 5’-nucleotidase by the linked formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide at 340 nm (Arkesteijn method). Postischemic recovery of developed pressure was 86 % ± 3% in neonates (n = 5) versus 38% ±3% in adults (n = 8) (mean ± standard deviation) (p horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:206—9)
Patient Attitudes Toward Telemedicine for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Abstract Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of new-onset blindness in adults. Telemedicine is a validated, cost-effective method to improve monitoring. However, little is known of patients’ attitudes toward telemedicine for DR. Our study explores factors that influence patients’ attitudes toward participating in telemedicine. Materials and Methods: Ninety seven participants in a university and the Veterans Administration setting completed a survey. Only people with diabetes mellitus (DM) were included. The main outcome was willingness to participate in telemedicine. The other outcomes were perceived convenience and impact on the patient–physician relationship. Participants reported demographic information, comorbidities, and access to healthcare. Analysis was performed with t-tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Demographic factors were not associated with the outcomes (all p > 0.05). Patients had decreased odds of willingness if they valued the patient–physician...
Relative Humidity Has Uneven Effects on Shifts From Snow to Rain Over the Western U.S.

Predicting the phase of precipitation is fundamental to water supply and hazard forecasting.Phaseprediction methods (PPMs) are used to predict snow fraction, or the ratio of snowfall to total precipitation. Common temperature-based regression (Dai method) and threshold at freezing (0 C)PPMs had comparable accuracyto a humidity-based PPM (TRHmethod)using 6- and 24-hour observations. Using a daily climate dataset from 1980-2015,the TRHmethodestimates14% and 6% greater precipitation-weighted snow fraction than the 0Cand Dai methods, respectively. The TRH method predicts four times less area with declining snow fraction than the Dai method (2.1% and 8.1% of the study domain, respectively) from 1980-2015, with the largest differences in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains and Southwestern U.S. Future RCP8.5 projections suggest warming temperatures of 4.2°C and declining relative humidity of 1% over the 21st century. The TRHmethod predicts a smaller reduction in snow fraction than temperature-only PPMs by 2100, consistent withlower humidity bufferingdeclines insnow fraction caused byregional warming.
Bilateral Testicular Infarction from IgA Vasculitis of the Spermatic Cords.

A 51-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to the emergency room with increasing bilateral leg pain, rash, and scrotal swelling with pain. Skin biopsy from his thigh revealed IgA-associated vasculitis. Due to hematuria, a renal biopsy was performed and showed an IgA glomerulonephritis with focal fibrinoid necrosis and neutrophil accumulation. Bilateral orchiectomies were performed in two separate procedures ten and thirteen days after the renal biopsy, as a result of uncontrolled abscess formation in testicles. Microscopically, both testicles revealed large abscess formation destroying almost the entire testicular parenchyma without tumor cells. Spermatic cord margins were further scrutinized microscopically to show bilateral vasculitis in many small size vessels, confirmed by positive endothelial staining for IgA. Some of the affected arteries revealed central organizing thrombi with recanalization features, highly suggestive of vasculitis-associated thrombi formation, resulting in testicular ischemic infarction and abscess formation. We conclude that this adult patient developed a severe form of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, with vasculitis affecting multiple organs, including the most serious and unusual complication of bilateral testicular infarction.
Mutagenicity of biodiesel or diesel exhaust particles and the effect of engine operating conditions.

Background Changing the fuel supply from petroleum based ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) to biodiesel and its blends is considered by many to be a viable option for controlling exposures to particulate material (PM). This is critical in the mining industry where approximately 28,000 underground miners are potentially exposed to relatively high concentrations of diesel particulate matter (DPM). This study was conducted to investigate the mutagenic potential of diesel engine emissions (DEE) from neat (B100) and blended (B50) soy-based fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel in comparison with ULSD PM using different engine operating conditions and exhaust aftertreatment configurations.
Der Föderalismus und die territoriale Aufteilung der Macht

Die Entwicklung des modernen Verfassungsstaates war begleitet von der Entstehung einer wachsenden Zahl foderalistischer Systeme. Der Foderalismus ist geradezu als einer der wichtigsten Aspekte des Konstitutionalismus zu betrachten. Wenn man in allgemeinen Erorterungen von Foderalismus spricht, so versteht man darunter in recht unbestimmter Weise jede Art von Verbindung autonomer Einheiten. Die Bezeichnung kann sich daher auf eine Liga oder Foderation von Staaten, also einen Staatenbund, aber auch auf ein bundesstaatliches System wie die Vereinigten Staaten beziehen. Doch nicht nur die Vereinigten Staaten, auch die Schweiz, Deutschland, Kanada, Australien, die Sudafrikanische Union, Brasilien, Osterreich und schlieslich das British Commonwealth of Nations haben eine staatliche Struktur dieses foderalistischen Typs herausgebildet. Den Deutschen wurde sie durch das Londoner Abkommen vom Juni 1948 vorgeschrieben als ein wesentlicher Aspekt der alliierten Politik, die dahin ging, in Deutschland die konstitutionelle Demokratie einzufuhren und zu festigen. In die gleiche Richtung weist auch in einem groseren Rahmen die weltumfassende Organisation der Vereinten Nationen, ebenso wie ein vereintes Europa, das gegenwartig im Entstehen begriffen ist, obgleich beide vorlaufig noch auserst lockere Staatenbunde sind.
Assessment of Tissue Oxygenation

Tissue hypoxia is common in critically ill patients and is likely a major factor leading to organ failure (multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, MODS) and death (see Chapter 51). Tissue hypoxia may result from (1) low arterial oxygen tension (hypoxic hypoxia), (2) microvascular hypoperfusion (stagnant hypoxia) due to shock and microvascular redistribution, (3) severe anemia (anemic hypoxia), and (4) inability to utilize oxygen (cytopathic hypoxia) due to derangements in cellular respiration. The expedient detection and correction of tissue hypoxia may limit organ dysfunction, reduce complications, and improve the outcome of patients treated in the ICU. It is probable that the earlier tissue hypoxia is detected and corrected, the greater the chance that outcome will be improved. Once cellular dysfunction has developed and organ failure has manifested clinically, it is likely that a cycle of irreversible and progressive organ dysfunction has been entered.
Portable open-circuit spirometry systems.

Background The purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of portable open-circuit spirometry systems, and discuss their validity, reliability, and principles of operation. Methods Eleven devices were selected for review: the Oxylog, Aerosport KB1-C, Cosmed K2, Cosmed K4RQ, Cosmed K4b2, MetaMax I, MetaMax II, Metamax3B/VmaxST, Medgraphics VO2000, Oxycon Mobile I and Oxycon Mobile II. The validity (compared to the Douglas bag method [DBM]) and reliability of each device for measuring VO2 was summarized. Results Mean differences in resting measurements of VO2 were within ±0.05 L/min for all devices except one (difference of 0.17 L/min). When compared to the DBM, VO2 differences for all devices ranged from 0.01 L/min to 0.29 L/min during submaximal intensity exercise and from 0.01 L/min to 0.36 L/min during vigorous/maximal intensity. During submaximal and maximal intensities, ICC ranged from 0.66-0.99 and CV ranged from 2.0-14.2%. Of these devices, four used breath-by-breath technology and six used micro-proportional sampling technology. Validity and reliability of devices did not seem to differ between methods of gas collection. Conclusions Of the three commercially available devices in 2015, all were found to be reliable. Two of the three systems (Cosmed K4b2 and Oxycon Mobile II) provided valid estimates of VO2 (mean values within ±0.10 L/min of DBM) during rest, and submaximal and maximal intensities, while the MetaMax3B slightly overestimated VO2, particularly at maximal exercise.
Overexpression of ASIC1A in the nucleus accumbens of rats potentiates cocaine-seeking behavior.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are abundantly expressed in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore), a region of the mesolimbocortical system that has an established role in regulating drug-seeking behavior. Previous work shows that a single dose of cocaine reduced the AMPA-to-NMDA ratio in Asic1a-/- mice, an effect observed after withdrawal in wild-type mice, whereas ASIC1A overexpression in the NAcore of rats decreases cocaine self-administration. However, whether ASIC1A overexpression in the NAcore alters measures of drug-seeking behavior after the self-administration period is unknown. To examine this issue, the ASIC1A subunit was overexpressed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting them with adeno-associated virus, targeted at the NAcore, after completion of 2 weeks of cocaine or food self-administration. After 21 days of homecage abstinence, rats underwent a cue-/context-driven drug/food-seeking test, followed by extinction training and then drug/food-primed, cued, and cued + drug/food-primed reinstatement tests. The results indicate that ASIC1A overexpression in the NAcore enhanced cue-/context-driven cocaine seeking, cocaine-primed reinstatement, and cued + cocaine-primed reinstatement but had no effect on food-seeking behavior, indicating a selective effect for ASIC1A in the processes underlying extinction and cocaine-seeking behavior.
Nicotine Dependence and Pre-Enlistment Suicidal Behavior Among U.S. Army Soldiers.

Introduction Identification of modifiable risk factors for suicidal behaviors is a priority for the U.S. Army. This study investigated associations of nicotine dependence with suicidal behaviors among incoming soldiers. Methods Lifetime DSM-IV nicotine dependence, mental disorders, suicidal behaviors, and their ages of onset were retrospectively assessed in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) New Soldier Study. Discrete-time survival analysis of person-year data from 30,436 soldiers was performed to evaluate associations of nicotine dependence with subsequent suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. Among respondents with lifetime ideation (n=4,060), models tested associations of nicotine dependence with progression from ideation to first onset of plan, from plan to first attempt, and, among ideators without plans, from ideation to first unplanned attempt. A hierarchy of models incorporated increasing controls for other risk factors. Data were collected in 2011–2012 and analyzed in 2017–2018. Results In models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, nicotine dependence was associated with onset of all suicidal behaviors (AORs, 2.07–4.08, p Conclusions Nicotine dependence exhibited associations with onset of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt—and with progression from ideation to unplanned attempt—that were independent of other measured risk factors. Awareness of associations of nicotine dependence with suicidal behaviors may inform risk assessment, facilitate targeting of prevention efforts, and provide further impetus for reducing nicotine dependence.
Liquid crystal based optical pH sensor for esophageal monitoring

Inserting pH probes into precise location of deep tissue yields important possibilities for biomedical science purposes and medical diagnosis. A micro/nanoscale pH sensor can be used as a diagnostic tool, a drug delivery module for pointof-care therapy, an imaging instrument or a combination of these three modalities depending on the sensor’s design and range of sensitivity. We established the fundamental investigations for building up an optical pH sensor using a type of food-grade Lyotropic Liquid Crystal (LLC) nanoparticles. The pH sensor operates based on the liquid crystal reconfiguration upon variation of hydronium concentration in the surrounding solution. The mesophase matrices can be loaded with fluorescent agents as a drug and release it with different rates depending on the pH of the volume. The release rate can be used as a correlation factor in combination with the guest fluorescence optical attributes, such as color, and help us designing an accurate ratiometric pH sensor for monitoring esophageal acid reflux. Here, the release behavior of the mesophase loaded with Rhodamine 6G (a fluorescent model dye) was examined in standard buffers. The rapid response of a few milliseconds and pH sensitivity of the host mesophase between normal to acidic conditions in esophagus offers possibility for real time monitoring of pH values in such biological interface. The effect of pH, temperature, and dye concentration on the release rate were investigated in this research.
Academic and Intellectual Functioning of Adjudicated Adolescents: A Status Report Based on Randomly Selected Case Studies

One hundred eighty-eight randomly selected case studies of adjudicated adolescents were analyzed for the purpose of determining the (A) intellectual level, and (B) the scholastic achievement levels in the areas of reading and arithmetic.
Evaluating seasonal patterns of female aggression: Case study in a cavity‐nesting bird with intense female–female competition

Seasonal plasticity in aggression is likely to be shaped by the contexts in which aggression is beneficial, as well as the constraints inherent in its underlying mechanisms. In males, seasonal plasticity in testosterone (T) secretion is thought to underlie seasonal plasticity in conspecific aggression, but it is less clear how and why female aggression may vary across different breeding stages. Here, we integrate functional and mechanistic perspectives to begin to explore seasonal patterns of conspecific aggression in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), a songbird with intense female–female competition and T‐mediated aggression. Female tree swallows elevate T levels during early breeding stages, coinciding with competition for nest boxes, after which time T levels are roughly halved. However, females need to defend ownership of their nesting territory throughout the breeding season, suggesting it may be adaptive to maintain aggressive capabilities, despite low T levels. We performed simulated territorial intrusions using 3D‐printed decoys of female tree swallows to determine how their aggressive response to a simulated intrusion changes across the breeding season. First, we found that 3D‐printed decoys produce data comparable to stage‐matched studies using live decoys, providing researchers with a new, more economical method of decoy construction. Further, female aggressiveness remained relatively high through incubation, a period of time when T levels are quite low, suggesting that other mechanisms may regulate conspecific female aggression during parental periods. By showing that seasonal patterns of female aggression do not mirror the established patterns of T levels in this highly competitive bird, our findings provide a unique glimpse into how behavioural mechanisms and functions may interact across breeding stages to regulate plasticity.