cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient workforce selection in special-purpose wireless sensor networks

Sensors are typically powered by non-renewable energy sources (e.g. batteries). This fact makes sensors energy very precious resource that must be saved and used wisely. Many protocols have been proposed to optimize energy consumption in different areas of WSNs (e.g. MAC, routing, data aggregation, etc). However, literature has paid less attention to energy efficient workforce management, namely the way sensors are being recruited. In this work, we show that tasking sensors improperly may result in severely uneven consumption of sensors energy. This can negatively impact network performance through reducing network density, creating energy holes or reducing network lifetime. For the limited communication capabilities of sensors, communication in WSNs deployed in large areas is multihop by nature. However for some special WSN applications (e.g firefighting and handicapped assistance) where the central Aggregating Node (AN) (mounted on the firefighter helmet or the handicapped stick) has low mobility, the monitored area of interest is temporarily limited to a small disk that is centered at the AN. Sensors that reside on that moving disk and the AN form a dynamic WSN where a single hop communication model is appropriate and beneficial. For such scenarios, we propose and evaluate a new protocol that provides an energy efficient workforce management for single and multihop WSNs. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly increases network lifetime by evenly consuming sensors energy. We also propose an algorithm to extend the single hop version of the protocol to a multihop environment.
Action and Intention: Considering the Relationship between Educational Software and Gendered Career Interests

Educational software can be a valuable tool for teaching and learning at the pre-college level, where the foundation is laid for entry into technology-related fields like computer science and engineering. Like all technology, the promise of educational software to advance learning and spark career interest in these areas also comes with the potential for unintended and unwanted consequences. One of these consequences is gendered outcomes in learning and career interest. Oversight of gender issues in the design and application of educational software, as well as the way it used by teachers in the classroom, can result in technology-based educational experiences that are more appealing to boys than girls, and that ultimately reinforce the gender imbalance in science and technology majors. As a first step toward understanding how educational software design and teacher implementation can achieve and promote gender balance, this paper brings together research from education, sociology, psychology, and computing to explore the interaction between gender and technology education.
Is there a best graft source of transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia

Only 30% of patients in the US who require an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant will have a fully HLA matched sibling donor. The National Marrow Donor Program/Be the Match has grown to over 25 million unrelated donors. However, a fully matched unrelated donor may not be available for many patients, particularly for patients of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Over the last 10 years, considerable progress has been made in alternative donor transplant with improvements in outcomes for umbilical cord blood (UCB), haploidentical (haplo) related donor, and mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Retrospective studies indicate comparable survival for these three graft sources. In this chapter, we review the latest results for patients receiving alternative donor transplants, and discuss strategies for choosing the optimal donor for each individual patient.
INCREASED RATIO OF GLYCINE- TO TAURINE-CONJUGATED BILE SALTS IN PATIENTS WITH ILEAL DISORDERS

The relative conjugation of cholic acid with glycine and taurine (G : T ratio) was studied in duodenal fluid obtained from 13 patients with ileal disorders, 4 patients with disorders which involved the duodenojejunum primarily (2 with nontropical sprue and 2 with Whipple's disease), and 5 student volunteers. The enterohepatic recirculation of sodium taurocholate-24-14C was studied in all subjects, and the relative conjugation (G : T ratio) of deoxycholate-14C, derived from bacterial metabolism of the injected taurocholate-14C, was measured in appropriate duodenal samples. In selected experiments, unconjugated bile salts, cholic acid-14C and deoxycholic acid-14C, were each administered intravenously, and their relative conjugation (G : T ratio) was measured in duodenal samples obtained throughout an initial 3-hr period and serially thereafter. For both bile salts, the lowest G : T ratio exhibited by patients with a disorder of the ileum was higher than the highest G : T ratio observed in either student volunteers or patients with duodenojejunal disorders. These changes were related to the markedly decreased enterohepatic recirculation of injected taurocholate-14C and injected deoxycholate-14C in patients with ileal disorders. The G : T ratio of cholic acid-14C and deoxycholic acid-14C was elevated to comparable levels in duodenal fluid sampled throughout the 3-hr period following intravenous injection of these bile salts into patients with ileal disorders. Furthermore, serial determinations of G : T ratio for deoxycholate-14C were similar to initial values after injection of either deoxycholate-14C or taurocholate-14C. Thus, the hepatic origin of these altered G : T ratios has been demonstrated. Although the precise mechanism involved in the production of these changes was not determined, oral administration of taurine to patients with ileal disorders resulted in a marked decrease in G : T ratio, demonstrating a maintained capacity for conjugation with taurine. Patients with Whipple's disease exhibited G : T ratios for both bile salts which were intermediate between those of student volunteers and patients with nontropical sprue, on the one hand, and patients with ileal disorders on the other, decreasing to a normal range after treatment.
Palliative cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion: current clinical practice or misnomer?

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS/HIPEC) is being used more and more frequently for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Despite significant improvements in oncologic outcomes and the risk of complications and mortality, CRS/HIPEC remains one of the most morbid treatments offered for advanced cancers. Consequently CRS/HIPEC is still considered controversial by many, even in the setting of cancers that are potentially curable. However, as high volume surgical oncologists become more experienced with CRS/HIPEC, the potential role of “palliative CRS/ HIPEC” in the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis is being raised. Given the often limited survival benefit expected after CRS/HIPEC, understanding the impact of the treatment on quality of life (QOL) needs to be an essential part of the decision to proceed and is critical to optimizing recovery afterwards. This article reviews the potential definitions of “palliative CRS/HIPEC” in various clinical contexts and describes the current state of the QOL experience after CRS/HIPEC.
Embryology of the Craniocervical Junction and Posterior Cranial Fossa

The development of the craniocervical junction is a complex sequence that requires perfect arrangement between cranial and cervical components. The neural crest cells of the upper somites and the notochord are both important in the development of this region. Of particular significance is the proatlas. Recent molecular studies have increased our knowledge of the processes involved in the formation of the base of the skull and upper cervical spine. The orchestration of the developing rhombencephalon and craniocervical junction is critical in the proper adult neuro-osseous relationships. Derailment of these processes may result in hindbrain herniation.
Tax Return Preparer Penalties

The federal government does not directly regulate preparers of federal tax returns, but a tax return preparer is potentially subject to several penalties under the Internal Revenue Code if he or she fails to sign and retain records of returns prepared, is responsible for an unreasonable position on a return, or engages in willful or reckless conduct in preparing a return. The government may also petition a court for an injunction against improper acts by a preparer or an injunction forbidding a person from engaging in any tax return preparation activities. The Treasury, in response to changes in the statutes, recently restated its regulations under the preparer penalty provisions. The statutory and regulation changes have attracted much attention, particularly among tax professionals not engaged in return preparation in the conventional sense, because they impose higher standards on return preparers and make it clear that any tax advice leading to a position on a return causes an adviser to be a tax return preparer, even if the person never sees the actual return. This article, an excerpt from an upcoming revision of the treatise, Federal Taxation of Income, Estates & Gifts, discusses the preparer penalties under the current regulations.
Governance of Higher Education Institutions in India

The paper explores the evolution of the governance of higher education institutions in India and whether governance is consistent with the system's social objectives.
Role of Inositol Triphosphate (IP3) in Olfactory Transduction

Olfactory neurons respond to stimulation with odorants by increasing the frequency of action potential discharge. The sequence of biochemical reactions that culminates in action potential discharge is believed to start with the interaction of odor stimuli with specific G-protein-coupled receptors located on the plasma membrane of cilia that extend into the mucous layer. Families of putative odorant receptors have been identified in several species [1–3], and a putative receptor clone has been shown to cause stimulation of second messenger formation when expressed in a heterologous system [4].
Therapy with Conventional Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Ventricular Arrhythmias

Conventional antiarrhythmic drugs are an important tool for the clinical cardiologist for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Knowledge of the different properties of these drugs will help decrease the incidence of adverse effects and increase the frequency of successful therapy.
Social Collaboration in Intranets: The Impact of Social Exchange and Group Norms on Internal Communication

Employees increasingly interact through social networking platforms in the workplace. A distinguishing feature of these platforms is their ability to build a sense of community (SOC)—the feelings of membership, influence, integration, and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. Yet much remains to be understood as to the way these platforms contribute to building a SOC at workplaces. This study examines whether organizational members exhibit community-like behaviors and processes in intranet communication. The study also tests a theoretical model in which members’ perceptions of the group’s norms affect the antecedents of SOC. The results of a survey of 112 employees revealed that both exchanging and observing support increased feelings of SOC. Furthermore, the perception of group norms mediated the relationship between observing and exchanging support and SOC. This study contributes to the field of business communication by applying a theory-based framework to intranets and empirically tes...
Molecular methods in the detection and identification of mycobacterial infections.

○ Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens have the potential to provide a more rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) than is currently possible by conventional stain, culture, and identification tests. Currently, 2 NAA tests-enhanced Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct (MTD) Test (Gen-Probe, Inc) and Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosisTest (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc)-have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for testing respiratory specimens that are smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). This restriction to AFB smear-positive specimens was based on data from the initial clinical trials conducted to evaluate these products that showed low sensitivity (ie, 48%-53%) and less-than-optimal specificity (ie, 96%-99%) in AFB smear-negative specimens. Data from the clinical trial for the enhanced MTD test and from 2 subsequent studies, however, suggest that this version of the MTD test is a reliable tool for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB, regardless of the AFB smear result. Both NAA tests have been evaluated for diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB, and results were comparable to the results of tests performed with respiratory specimens. The NAA tests also appear to be reliable for rapid identification of M tuberculosis complex in positive broth cultures of all specimen types except blood. The impact of the NAA tests on patient outcome varies based on the AFB smear result. With smear-positive results, public health and hospital infection control resources are predominantly affected. With smear-negative results, however, the potential for affecting patient outcome is much greater. In patients with smear-negative results, the NAA test can result in earlier diagnosis of TB and subsequent initiation of therapy. Use of these tests also may eliminate the need for invasive diagnostic procedures, which are costly and pose an added risk to the patient, and they may allow earlier discharge of hospitalized patients.
An Study on Students' Health Condition Before and After the Morning Running

Morning running has been practised in some colleges and universitites for over ten years.The research on it is very important to the further reform and development of P.E. education in China.Based on fipures and comparative research ,the article shows that practising morning running is condusive to the rapaid development of universitys P.E. education .It can solve the problem of insufficient physical training.Morning running can not only improve students health and physique but also raise the students skill level.It will have great influence on the students will and their passion for life long physical training.
Substrate specificity of human α-l-fucosidase

Abstract Human α- l -fucosidase is a soluble lysosomal enzyme which hydrolyzes α- l -fucose residues linked to the 2 position of galactose or the 3, 4, or 6 position of N -acetylglucosamine. Demonstration of activity towards natural oligosaccharide or glycosphingolipid substrates was achieved by measuring liberated l -fucose by coupling to fucose dehydrogenase and NAD and measuring NADH production spectrophotometrically. Activity of purified human spleen, brain, and cultured skin fibroblast or crude cell extracts towards 4-methylumbelliferyl-α- l -fucoside had a pH optimum of 4.5 to 5.5 and was unaffected by the presence of neutral detergents such as Triton X-100. However, the addition of sodium taurocholate or other bile salts to the incubation mixture caused a marked inhibition at pH 5 and a shift in pH optimum to the pH 6–7 region. Sodium taurocholate effected a threefold reduction in the apparent K m for α- l -fucosidase at pH 6.0, but studies on fucosidosis tissue (α-fucosidase deficiency) or subcellular fractions derived from rat liver failed to indicate the existence of a membrane-bound α- l -fucosidase. The response of other lysosomal hydrolases to the presence of bile salts was investigated and was found to be variable, perhaps depending upon the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the natural substrate and/or the state of association of the active enzyme.
Probabilistic assessment of potential fault slip related to injection-induced earthquakes: Application to north-central Oklahoma, USA

We utilize quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to calculate the conditional probability of slip on mapped faults in response to injection-related increases in pore pressure in north-central Oklahoma (USA) where widespread injection of produced saltwater has triggered thousands of small to medium-sized earthquakes in the past 7 yr. The conditional probability incorporates the uncertainty in each Mohr-Coulomb parameter (stress tensor, pore pressure, coefficient of friction, and fault orientation) through QRA. The result is a cumulative distribution function of the pore pressure required to cause slip on each fault segment. The results can be used to assess the probability of induced slip on a known fault from a given injection-related pore pressure increase. After dividing north-central Oklahoma into six study areas, we invert earthquake focal plane mechanisms in each area to constrain the orientation and relative magnitude of the principal stresses. The QRA identifies the potential for slip on the fault that produced the M 5.6 Prague earthquake in 2011 and the northeastern extension of a mapped fault associated with the M 5.1 Fairview earthquake sequence that occurred in early 2016, and, had the 289°-striking fault of the September 2016 M 5.8 Pawnee event been mapped, it would have been identified as potentially active.
Network motifs modulate druggability of cellular targets

Druggability refers to the capacity of a cellular target to be modulated by a small-molecule drug. To date, druggability is mainly studied by focusing on direct binding interactions between a drug and its target. However, druggability is impacted by cellular networks connected to a drug target. Here, we use computational approaches to reveal basic principles of network motifs that modulate druggability. Through quantitative analysis, we find that inhibiting self-positive feedback loop is a more robust and effective treatment strategy than inhibiting other regulations, and adding direct regulations to a drug-target generally reduces its druggability. The findings are explained through analytical solution of the motifs. Furthermore, we find that a consensus topology of highly druggable motifs consists of a negative feedback loop without any positive feedback loops, and consensus motifs with low druggability have multiple positive direct regulations and positive feedback loops. Based on the discovered principles, we predict potential genetic targets in Escherichia coli that have either high or low druggability based on their network context. Our work establishes the foundation toward identifying and predicting druggable targets based on their network topology.
Impact of monosomal karyotype and FLT3 status on post-transplant relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

7010 Background: Relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure in AML patients (pts) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). We aimed to identify prognostic...
Abstract 470: Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension with the Combination Ergotamine and Caffeine

Orthostatic hypotension is the most disabling symptom of autonomic failure. Severely affected patients often require medication to counteract the blood pressure fall and to improve pre-syncopal symptoms on standing. Isolated clinical observations have suggested that the combination ergotamine and caffeine can be useful in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the combination ergotamine and caffeine on blood pressure and pre-syncopal symptoms on standing in a group of patients with autonomic failure. A total of 12 patients participated in this study. Eight were men and the average age was 64±10 years. The combination ergotamine and caffeine increased seated SBP by 19 mm Hg compared with placebo (95% CI: -2 to 40 mm Hg, P=0.07) (Figure A) and reduced the orthostatic symptom score by 9 points (95% CI: 0.9 to 16, P=0.03), compared with baseline (Figure B). In conclusion, the combination ergotamine and caffeine could be an alternative therapy for orthostatic hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.
Predicting chronic neglect: Understanding risk and protective factors for CPS‐involved families

Child neglect continues to receive less attention in research literature compared to other forms of maltreatment, despite accumulating evidence of serious negative impacts on child well-being. Chronic neglect is also poorly understood. Although such cases comprise a relatively small percentage of workers' caseloads, they represent accumulation of harm that impacts the cognitive and social development of children. These cases can also disproportionately utilize protective service resources. This study contributes to the literature by examining risk and protective factors of chronic neglect. We utilized administrative data (N = 2,074) from a midsize city in the Northeast to examine the use of existing risk assessment tools to distinguish families with and without chronic neglect, including an analysis of the predictive capacity of risk and protective factors. We found that families with chronic neglect were younger, had more children, were more likely to have children under age one, and had higher rates of domestic violence, mental health problems, and cognitive impairment. None of the assessed protective factors differed significantly. The overall predictive value of the assessment was low. Implications include the need to expand risk assessment tools to incorporate patterns over time and identify early indicators specific to chronic neglect.
Optimal entangling operations between deterministic blocks of qubits encoded into single photons

Here, we numerically simulate probabilistic elementary entangling operations between rail-encoded photons for the purpose of scalable universal quantum computation or communication. We propose grouping logical qubits into single-photon blocks wherein single-qubit rotations and the controlled-not (cnot) gate are fully deterministic and simple to implement. Interblock communication is then allowed through said probabilistic entangling operations. We find a promising trend in the increasing probability of successful interblock communication as we increase the number of optical modes operated on by our elementary entangling operations.
Swellable Organically Modified Silica (SOMS) as a Catalyst Scaffold for Catalytic Treatment of Water Contaminated with Trichloroethylene

The properties of a swellable organically modified silica (SOMS) scaffold allowed us to synthesize “smart” catalysts with tunable accessibility of the active sites induced by organic swelling agents. Pd nanoparticles (NPs) deposited inside the swollen matrix of SOMS were shown to be selectively located on the interior surface, a surface which is only available through swelling. Techniques such as near ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP–XPS) and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize Pd/SOMS in its swollen as well as unswollen state because their conventional counterparts do not preserve the swollen state of Pd/SOMS during spectral acquisition. The results obtained depicted significant differences between the unswollen and swollen state of Pd/SOMS. The most important difference is that Pd NPs became accessible on the surface after exposure to an organic compound. This indicates that the accessibility of the active sites can be controlled by changing t...
Translational Maneuvering Control of Nonholonomic Kinematic Formations: Theory and Experiments

In this work, we present a solution to the distance-based formation maneuvering problem of multiple nonholo-nomic unicycle-type robots. The control law is designed at the kinematic level and is based on the rigidity properties of the graph modeling the sensing/control interactions among the robots. A simple input transformation is used to facilitate the control design by converting the nonholonomic model into the single-integrator equation. The resulting control ensures exponential convergence to the desired formation while the formation maneuvers according to a desired, time-varying translational velocity. An experimental implementation of the proposed control law is conducted on the Robotarium testbed.
Xenophobic violence and the ambivalence of citizenship in post-apartheid South Africa

This essay examines the way that the language of rights has been used to both justify and challenge xenophobia in South Africa. South Africa has struggled with incidents of xenophobic violence against African migrants, with major outbreaks of violence taking place in 2008 and in 2015, and despite substantial anti-xenophobia efforts, African migrants continue to be subject to discrimination and abuse. Part of the reason for the persistence of anti-African migrant sentiment is a prevailing rhetoric of victimization, which frames irregular African migrants as a threat to the rights of South Africa’s poor. This essay analyzes that rhetoric, as well as analyzing how a grassroots movement of shackdwellers, Abhlali baseMjondolo, has challenged that rhetoric by highlighting the interconnection between the rights of citizens and noncitizens in the country. In examining the contestation over rights in South Africa, this essay seeks to engage with the ambivalence of citizenship in South Africa and the confli...
How Abstraction, Formalization and Implementation Drive the Next Stage in Modeling and Simulation

The progression of abstraction, formalization, and implementation have played a critical role in advancing the theory and practice of modeling and simulation. In this chapter, we first review the historical record to illustrate how this progression characterizes the pattern of development of both the precursors, and the essence, of discrete event simulation. Then we review Judea Pearl’s Ladder of Causation to put it into correspondence with the levels of specification of systems theory. This provides the basis for discussion of potential automation of some of the activities of the M&S enterprise with the help of causal inference methods from artificial intelligence.
The Cell Wall of Bacillus Subtilis is Protonated During Growth

The cell wall of Bacillus subtilis Marburg is a thick mat of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid and adventitiously bound proteins. The wall is 25–30 nm thick (Beveridge and Murray, 1979) and is composed of approximately equal amounts, by weight, of peptidoglycan and α-D-glucosylated teichoic acids. The strategy for the assembly of the wall is now beginning to be understood. The currently prevailing view is that wall precursors are exported through the cytoplasmic membrane, only to be covalently attached to pre-existing wall nearest the membrane. Upon insertion into the inner wall face, the young peptidoglycan strands are crosslinked into the wall mat. Once crosslinking has occurred, the newly-added wall components assume pressure and stretch. Further stretching occurs when even more new peptidoglycan strands have been inserted and crosslinked. The concept that the wall is a stress-bearing and stretchable covering of the bacterium was first proposed by Koch et al. (1982) in what is now referred to as the surface stress theory. The surface stress theory can be applied to the elongation of the cylindrical portion of the wall of B. subtilis (Mobley et al. 1984; Koch and Doyle, 1985; Kemper et al., 1988).
Relations between mathematics achievement growth and the development of mathematics self-concept in elementary and middle grades

Abstract Creating an educational program that results in positive science, technology, engineering, and mathematics or STEM-oriented outcomes for all students is an important education objective and federal policy directive in the United States. In addition to developing strong mathematics foundations in Grades K–8 that are closely associated with successful STEM outcomes, intrapersonal skill development is also critical to academic and postsecondary success. Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–99 the current study applied structural equation growth modeling to examine relationships among mathematics achievement in Grades K–1 and Grades 3–8, and mathematics self-concept development across Grades 3–8. Study results revealed that students reported declining levels of mathematics self-concept across the middle grades. Importantly, third grade reports of self-concept were associated with both mathematics achievement at kindergarten entry and third grade mathematics achievement; however, mathematics achievement at kindergarten entry was also associated with the development of mathematics self-concept in third through eighth grade. In addition, after accounting for mathematics achievement in Grades K–1, mathematics achievement growth in Grades 3–8 was directly associated with mathematics self-concept development across the same time period. Implications for future research, mathematics instruction, and curriculum development are discussed.
Reference group influence on user connections with social networking sites: a study of Facebook

The increasing prevalence of social networking sites (SNS) and their interactive capability have been the subject to sustained interests for researchers and marketers alike. Yet, few insights exist regarding whether online consumer engagement is prone to social influences from other users. Drawing from literature on reference group influence (e.g., Bearden and Etzel, 1982) and social identity (Tajfel and Turner, 1986), this research investigates self-SNS connection – customers' overall experience with the SNS and provides insights into a user's susceptibility to reference group influence. Specifically, the focus is on three motivational influences: informational, value expressive and utilitarian. Employing data collected through a survey, authors find that informational influence and value expressive influence are positively associated with self-SNS connection, but contrary to conventional wisdom, utilitarian influence is not. Furthermore, males are more susceptible to value expressive influences than females, indicating that reference group influences exhibit some gender effect. The results offer insights into designing more effective dissemination of marketing communications through tapping into consumers' informal communication network.
Neural Recruitment Related to Threat Perception Differs as a Function of Adolescent Sleep.

Detecting threat cues in the environment is an important aspect of social functioning. This is particularly true for adolescents as social threats become more salient and they navigate increasingly complex relationships outside of the family. Sleep relates to socioemotional processing throughout development, but the neurobiological relevance of sleep for threat perceptions in adolescence remains unknown. In the present study, 46 human adolescents (aged 14-18 years; 26 female) made judgments while undergoing a brain scan about whether unfamiliar, affectively neutral, computer-generated faces were threatening. Prior to the scan, several indices of sleep were assessed nightly for two-weeks using actigraphy. Sleep duration and poor sleep quality (defined as less efficiency, more awakenings, longer awakenings), factors influenced by biological and psychosocial changes during adolescence, elicited distinct neural activation patterns. Sleep duration was positively associated with activation in visual and face processing regions (occipital cortex, occipital fusiform gyrus), and this activation was linked to increased threat detection during the threat perception task. Sleep quality was negatively related to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, which moderated the relation between reaction time (RT) and exposure to faces. Findings suggest reduced threat perception for adolescents with shorter sleep durations and more impulsive responding (as evinced by less consistent RT) for adolescents experiencing worse quality sleep. This study identifies an association between sleep and neural functioning relevant for socioemotional decision making during adolescence, a time when these systems undergo significant development.
Characterizing the Locus of a Peripheral Membrane Protein-Lipid Bilayer Interaction Underlying Protein Export Activity in E. coli.

Quantitative characterization of the strength of peripheral membrane protein-lipid bilayer interactions is fundamental in the understanding of many protein targeting pathways. SecA is a peripheral membrane protein that plays a central role in translocating precursor proteins across the inner membrane of E. coli. The membrane binding activity of the extreme N-terminus of SecA is critical for translocase function. Yet, the mechanical strength of the interaction and the kinetic pathways that this segment of SecA experiences when in proximity of an E. coli polar lipid bilayer has not been characterized. We directly measured the N-terminal SecA-lipid bilayer interaction using precision single molecule atomic force microscope (AFM)-based dynamic force spectroscopy. To provide conformational data inaccessible to AFM, we also performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and circular dichroism measurements. The N-terminal 10 amino acids of SecA have little secondary structure when bound to zwitterionic lipid head groups, but secondary structure, which rigidifies the lipid-bound protein segment, emerges when negatively charged lipids are present. Analysis of the single molecule protein-lipid dissociation data converged to a well-defined lipid-bound-state lifetime in the absence of force, τ0lipid = 0.9 s, which is well separated from and longer than the fundamental time scale of the secretion process, defined as the time required to translocate a single amino acid residue (∼50 ms). This value of τ0lipid is likely to represent a lower limit of the in vivo membrane-bound lifetime due to factors including the minimal system employed here.
User satisfaction aware maximum utility task assignment in mobile crowdsensing

Abstract In mobile crowdsensing systems (MCS) efficient task assignment is the key problem that defines the performance of the system. The current state-of-the-art solutions consider the problem from system’s point of view and target an assignment that optimizes the overall system utility such as minimizing the cost of sensing or maximizing the collected data quality. However, users (i.e., task requesters and task performers or workers) may have individual preferences, hence the resulting assignment may not satisfy the users and can discourage them from participation in the future. Stable matching based solutions can help achieving satisfactory assignments for the users, but they may degrade the system utility especially when the number of eligible task performers for each task is limited, hence may not be desired for the MCS platform. To address this problem, in this paper, we study the task assignment problem that aims to maximize the system utility and user satisfaction simultaneously as much as possible. As the problem is NP-complete, we first solve the problem using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and provide two different heuristic based polynomial solutions. We perform extensive simulations using real dataset and show that the proposed solutions provide close to optimal results, complementing each other at different scenarios.
UNEXPECTED AVERAGE VALUES OF GENERALIZED VON MANGOLDT FUNCTIONS IN RESIDUE CLASSES

In order to study integers with few prime factors, the average of has been a central object of research. One of the more important cases, , was considered by Selberg [‘An elementary proof of the prime-number theorem’, Ann. of Math. (2) 50 (1949), 305–313]. For , it was studied by Bombieri [‘The asymptotic sieve’, Rend. Accad. Naz. XL (5) 1(2) (1975/76), 243–269; (1977)] and later by Friedlander and Iwaniec [‘On Bombieri’s asymptotic sieve’, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 5(4) (1978), 719–756], as an application of the asymptotic sieve. Let , where denotes the Liouville function for -free integers, and otherwise. In this paper we evaluate the average value of in a residue class , , uniformly on . When , we find that the average value in a residue class differs by a constant factor from the expected value. Moreover, an explicit formula of Weil type for involving the zeros of the Riemann zeta function is derived for an arbitrary compactly supported function.
Transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression of the invasive avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum in Hawai'i.

The malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum (lineage GRW4) was introduced less than a century ago to the native avifauna of Hawai'i, where it has since caused major declines of endemic bird populations. One of the native bird species that is frequently infected with GRW4 is the Hawai'i 'amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens). To achieve a better understanding of the transcriptional activities of this virulent parasite, we performed a controlled challenge experiment of 15 'amakihi that were infected with GRW4. Blood samples containing malaria parasites were collected at two time points (intermediate and peak infection stages) from host individuals that were either experimentally infected by mosquitoes or inoculated with infected blood. We then used RNA sequencing to assemble a high-quality blood transcriptome of P. relictum GRW4, allowing us to quantify parasite expression levels inside individual birds. We found few significant differences (one to two transcripts) in GRW4 expression levels between host infection stages and between inoculation methods. However, 36 transcripts showed differential expression levels among all host individuals, indicating a potential presence of host-specific gene regulation across hosts. To reduce the extinction risk of the remaining native bird species in Hawai'i, genetic resources of the local Plasmodium lineage are needed to enable further molecular characterization of this parasite. Our newly built Hawaiian GRW4 transcriptome assembly, together with analyses of the parasite's transcriptional activities inside the blood of Hawai'i 'amakihi, can provide us with important knowledge on how to combat this deadly avian disease in the future.
Simulating nuclear cloud rise within a realistic atmosphere using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Abstract Models of nuclear detonation cloud rise used by emergency planning and response teams are usually simplified to enable fast run times. They also contain parameters that are tuned to historical nuclear tests. Thus, they do not fully account for the complex environments that may be encountered in emergency scenarios. In this work, a multiscale framework, spanning numerical weather prediction to large-eddy simulation, is used to simulate nuclear cloud rise within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. By employing this approach, cloud rise is modeled with higher fidelity, including time-varying three-dimensional weather fields and complexities such as atmospheric moisture and terrain. Using modified initialization routines that allow for the inclusion of a high-temperature fireball in WRF, cloud rise is first simulated for three U.S. nuclear tests over the Nevada desert. Grid nesting is used to dynamically downscale historical reanalysis data to a large-eddy simulation domain, where cloud rise is simulated at 20–30 m resolution. The downscaled atmospheric states agree reasonably well with observations from the time of the tests, and turbulent mixing induced by the cloud rise is captured. Simulated nuclear clouds show good overall agreement with available cloud rise observations, especially for high-air bursts with limited surface interaction. To demonstrate WRF's ability to capture aerosol-microphysics interactions during cloud rise, a semi-idealized large-eddy simulation of the wartime Nagasaki detonation is also performed. Self-induced rainout caused by the condensation of rising moist air during cloud rise is captured, and wet deposition of aerosol particles is quantified. Future work will better account for surface interactions, including particulate lofting and shockwave reflection, which should improve cloud rise predictions. Additional development of a multiscale simulation framework could permit seamless fireball-to-fallout simulations to study the relationship between cloud rise dynamics and fallout risk.
A Restricted Model Space Approach for the Detection of Epistasis in Quantitative Trait Loci Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition

Epistasis or the interaction between loci on a genome that controls a quantitative trait is of great interest to geneticists. This work presents a powerful Bayesian method utilizing Markov chain Monte Carlo model composition approach using restricted spaces is developed for identifying epistatic effects in Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) in plant studies. This method produces both posterior activation probabilities and posterior conditional activation probabilities. The method is verified through a simulation study and applied to an Arabidopsis thaliana data set with cotyledon as the quantitative trait.
Role of mitochondrial calcium transport in the control of substrate oxidation

This paper reviews the model of the control of mitochondrial substrate oxidation by Ca2+ions. The mechanism is the activation by Ca2+ of four mitochondrial dehydrogenases, viz. glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDH), NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). This results in the increase, or near-maintenance, of mitochondrial NADH/NAD ratios in the activated state, depending upon the tissue and the degree of ‘downstream’ activation by Ca2+, likely at the level of the FIFo ATPase. Higher values of the redox span of the respiratory chain allow for greatly increased fluxes through oxidative phosphorylation with a minimal drop in protonmotive force and phosphorylation potential. As PDH, NAD-IDH and OGDH are all located within the inner mitochondrial membrane, it is changes in matrix free Ca2+ [Ca2+]m which act as a signal to these activities. In this article, we review recent work in which [Ca2+]m is measured in cells and tissues, using different techniques, with special emphasis on the question of the degree of damping of [Ca2+]m relative to changes in cytosol free Ca2+ in cells with rapid transients in cytosol Ca2+, e.g. cardiac myocytes. Further, we put forward the point of view that the failure of mitochondrial energy transduction to keep pace with cellular energy needs in some forms of heart failure may involve a failure of [Ca2+]m to be raised adequately to allow the activation of the dehydrogenases. We present new data to show that this is so in cardiac myocytes isolated from animals suffering from chronic, streptozocin-induced diabetes. This raises the possibility of therapy based upon partial inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux pathways, thereby raising [Ca2+]m at a given, time-average value of cytosol free Ca2+. (Mol Cell Biochem 184: 359–369, 1997
Preserved DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway Protects against Complications in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes

Summary The mechanisms underlying the development of complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are poorly understood. Disease modeling of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with longstanding T1D (disease duration ≥ 50 years) with severe (Medalist +C) or absent to mild complications (Medalist −C) revealed impaired growth, reprogramming, and differentiation in Medalist +C. Genomics and proteomics analyses suggested differential regulation of DNA damage checkpoint proteins favoring protection from cellular apoptosis in Medalist −C. In silico analyses showed altered expression patterns of DNA damage checkpoint factors among the Medalist groups to be targets of miR200, whose expression was significantly elevated in Medalist +C serum. Notably, neurons differentiated from Medalist +C iPSCs exhibited enhanced susceptibility to genotoxic stress that worsened upon miR200 overexpression. Furthermore, knockdown of miR200 in Medalist +C fibroblasts and iPSCs rescued checkpoint protein expression and reduced DNA damage. We propose miR200-regulated DNA damage checkpoint pathway as a potential therapeutic target for treating complications of diabetes.
Pathology of Mouse Models of Cancer

Analysis of the changes in structure (gross and histopathology) is essential for the validation of mouse models of human cancer. However, many investigators do not have immediate access to qualified pathologists who understand the unique features of genetically engineered mouse pathology. Further, the gross examination of the mouse and the preparation of tissues are usually done by the laboratory personnel and, most frequently, by relatively untrained graduate students or fellows. Some laboratories have the good fortune of having experienced laboratory technologists who perform the services and teach the incoming students and fellows the correct techniques. However, many laboratories do not have this advantage and frequently relegate the necropsy to the least experienced animal technician or the newest graduate student. Unfortunately, this often leads to disastrous results that cannot be overcome. Therefore, this chapter is not about how to be a pathologist but rather is about how to prepare a mouse for pathologic analysis and is meant to be a primer for the neophyte who needs basic help. Keywords: mouse models; pathology; cancer; technical principles; investigator's responsibilities; pathologist's responsibilities; images; communication; comparative pathology
Periodic resource integration

Developed an integration method for two arbitrary fixed-pattern periodic resources.Provided the lower and upper bounds of the available time of an integrated resource.Provided a theoretical schedulability analysis for an integrated periodic resource.Provided an empirical study of task schedulability on an integrated resource. Scheduling periodic real-time tasks on multiple periodic resources is an emerging research issue in the real-time scheduling community and has drawn increased attention over the last few years. This paper studies a sub-category of the scheduling problem which focuses on scheduling a periodic task on multiple periodic resources where none of these resources have sufficient capacity to support the task. Instead of splitting the task into sub-tasks, which is not always practical in real systems, we integrate resources together to jointly support the task. First, we develop a method to integrate two fixed but arbitrary pattern periodic resources into an equivalent periodic resource. Second, for two periodic resources with unknown but fixed resource occurrence patterns, we give the lower and upper bounds of the available time provided by an integrated periodic resource within a period. Third, we present theoretical and empirical analysis on the schedulability of a non-splittable periodic task on two periodic resources and their integrated periodic resource.
DESCARTES' ‘PROVISIONAL MORALITY’

Discourse on Method part 3 offers une morale par provision, usually translated as ‘a provisional moral code’. Occasionally it has been questioned that this code is temporary and restricted to those engaged in pure inquiry. We argue that Descartes intends the moral code to be his final ethical position universally applicable. Since the moral code is ‘derived from’ the rules of method, it should have their permanence, holding for the time pure inquiry commences and when it completes the sciences. Moreover, the four moral maxims replace the classical cardinal virtues. Thus they are meant to govern the lives of all persons.