cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Positive and negative exercise test results with and without exercise-induced angina in patients with one healed myocardial infarction : analysis of baseline variables and long-term prognosis

The prognostic implications of exercise test results with and without exercised-induced angina are not completely understood. In the Program On the Surgical Control Of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH), 838 subjects with hyperlipidemia who had one healed myocardial infarction were studied and followed for 6 to 13 years (mean 8.6). Of the 417 control subjects, 279 had a treadmill exercise test result that was definitely positive or negative. Angina was also induced by exercise in 30% (45/150) and 8% (10/129) of those with a positive and a negative test result, respectively (p less than 0.0001). The data showed no difference between subjects with a positive or a negative test result with or without angina as regards levels of blood lipids, type of myocardial infarction (Q or non-Q wave), left ventricular function, or prognosis as defined by death, atherosclerotic coronary heart disease death, or myocardial infarction.
Developmental profiles for the brainstem auditory evoked potential.

Abstract Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP's) were recorded from 641 subjects in eleven age groups ranging from birth through adulthood, including three levels of prematurity, in order to establish an age-specific normative data base. The amplitude and latency values for waves 1–6, interwave differences for 3-1, 5-3, 5-1 and the amplitude ratios for 5/3 and 5/1 were then converted to percentile scores to permit construction of age-related BAEP profile report forms. Visual inspection of the printed output reveals the proportion of subjects falling above and below a given individual across all BAEP measures. This simple format is useful for general screening purposes as well as plotting maturational changes in healthy or high risk infants.
Further issues in small area variations analysis.

In this article, I examine Wennberg's "practice style" hypothesis and the literature on variations among small areas. According to Wennberg, geo- graphic variations in rates of per capita use for many clinical procedures arise mainly from differences over what constitutes appropriate care. I show, however, that the role of practice style in explaining variations among areas has not been clearly demonstrated. I also argue that the practice style hypothesis can neither be established nor refuted by the methods traditionally used to study small areas and, moreover, that inferences about practice style variations cannot be drawn from differences among areas in their rates of use. I thus conclude that more research at the micro level in the practice patterns of the individual physician is needed before major health care initiatives based on small area methodology are undertaken.
Observations of aerosol composition and visibility near an isolated power plant

Abstract A 14 day study was carried out at an isolated oil-burning power plant in the northeastern United States during July 1977 to determine the impact of the direct emissions of sulfate on the ambient air environment in the vicinity of the source. An air monitoring network was used to obtain measurements of 24-h average suspended paniculate matter within a 6-km radius of the source emission, which was located in the Hudson River Valley. Ambient paniculate was analyzed for sulfate, nitrate, bromide, and several metals. Meteorological data were recorded at a site adjacent to the source as well as at an airport U.S. National Weather Service — about 18 km north-northwest of the power plant. At the airport, hourly observations of visual range were noted. These measurements were correlated with the total suspended paniculate levels and their chemical composition for each daily sampling interval. In particular, visual range was found to be inversely related to the sulfate fraction of the suspended paniculate matter ( r = 0.94) over an average daily sulfate concentration ranging from 5 to 25/gmm −3 . Measured visibility at the airport was found to be strongly influenced by wind direction with southeasterly winds corresponding to periods of low visibility. Under these conditions the average sulfate content of the suspended paniculate was 35%. Higher visibility levels occurred with northwest winds and sulfate comprised only 15% of the ambient paniculate matter. The sulfate to particulate matter ratio in the boilers was found to be 0.35, which has been identified as being a general characteristic of emissions from residual oil combustion. Although a twofold increase in ambient sulfate was noted in particulate samples taken downwind of the source, the upwind (incoming background) samples also exhibited a sulfate to particulate matter ratio of 0.35–0.40 with southeasterly winds, suggesting the possibility of transport of combustion-generated sulfate from the heavily populated Mid-Atlantic coastal region where residual oil is used as the principal fuel for both electrical energy production and to a large extent, domestic space heating.
A semi-automated burnett facility; PVT of a geothermal working fluid mixture

A high-quality Burnett PVT facility for the range of 0-200/sup 0/C has been partially automated by coupling automated isochoric runs to a manually-determined Burnett reference isotherm. An automated pressure injector, a voltage-operated capacitor for adjusting the transducer null, a Ruska* spiral Bourdon gage, a programmable ratio transformer for temperature selection and control, and a laboratory computer form the ingredients of the semi-automated facility. The performance of the apparatus is demonstrated by PVT data acquired on a geothermal working fluid mixture in a range around its critical point of 141/sup 0/C.
IMAGINARY PART OF THE DELBRUCK SCATTERING AMPLITUDE

A method for computing the imaginary part of the Delbr\"uck scattering amplitude, based on an expression derived by Kessler, has been developed and applied for gamma-ray energies of 2.62 and 6.14 Mev. The significance of the calculation with regard to available experimental results is discussed and some possible further developments are outlined.
Using maximum-likelihood adaptive methods to estimate difference thresholds and points of subjective equality

In studying perception, psychologists must sometimes estimate perceivers’ difference thresholds and points of subjective equality (PSEs). To quickly estimate a threshold, one adaptive procedure that has been claimed to find thresholds with maximal efficiency is Pentland’s Best PEST. Descriptions of Best PEST report its implementation in the finding of one point along the perceiver’s psychometric function. To find a difference threshold (also called difference limen, or DL) and the PSE, two thresholds must be found (as two points are required to estimate the slope and intercept of the perceiver’s psychometric function). This paper describes how to modify Best PEST so as to estimate any threshold along the perceiver’s psychometric function and reports the results of simulations in which both the DL and the PSE are estimated.
Disposition of [14C]dimercaptosuccinic acid in mice☆☆☆

Dimercaptosuccinic acid labeled with 14C ([14C]DMSA) was administered to mice iv; the mice were frozen by immersion in dry ice/hexane at 6 and 20 min and 1, 3, 9, and 24 hr after injection. The frozen mice were sectioned and processed for whole-body autoradiography for soluble substances. The radioactivity was highly localized in extracellular fluids such as the subcutaneous, intrapleural, intraperitoneal, and periosteal spaces. There was a pronounced accumulation in the periosteal fluid above that in other fluids during the first hour after injection. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated by the kidney and liver. Pretreatment of a mouse with HgCl2 subcutaneously 1 hr before [14C]DMSA produced an increase in radioactivity in the liver and decrease in lung. A high concentration of radioactivity was seen at the subcutaneous site of injection of the HgCl2. The results are interpreted to indicate that most of the DMSA is in the extracellular space but that it can cross cellular membranes to some extent. The pronounced accumulation in periosteal fluid may be an interaction of DMSA with Ca2+ in this space. No tissue had a pronounced retention of the compound, but lung retained more than most other tissues.
Energy analysis of a recent approximation to the atmospheric primitive equations

An approximation to the thermodynamic equation was introduced by Holton which was motivated by an energy principle involving a quadratic expression in temperature deviation, which he identified as available potential energy. The approximation consists of neglecting the component of adiabatic warming/cooling due to the temporally and horizontally variable part of the specific volume on a constant pressure surface, WKT *. If the approximation is made, the system lacks a total energy principle involving either total potential energy or available potential energy (except in one special case). Although this approximate form of the primitive equations does not cause substantial error in a numerical simulation of the annual cycle of a zonally-symmetric circulation, there appears to be no significant advantage to its application. Use of the standard set of primitive equations is suggested. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1984.tb00260.x
Optimal inventory costs in a complementary flexible manufacturing system

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) have provided job shop-type operations a variety of solutions to their widely documented inefficiencies. FMS come with a wide spectrum of capabilities and are used in a wide variety of manufacturing environments. The present study proposes there are situations where inventory control issues need to be considered during the FMS set-up planning. It has developed a non-linear mathematical programming model, which also has binary variables, to optimize inventory costs during the set-up planning for a sample FMS installation. The solution to the mathematical model is non-trivial. It shows that using this model in conjunction with analytical methods such as constraint propagation and generate-and-test, and sigmoid function approximations, facilitates robust solutions to some of the subproblems of the FMS set-up problem. The study also provides an exchange curve based framework for analysing the implications of inventory policy variables on decisions made at the FMS set-up stage.
Student technology skills and attitudes towards Internet-based courses: The potential benefits of an internet tutorial

A “Criminal Justice Systems and Processes” course was among nine Internet courses offered at Florida Gulf Coast University during the fall of 1997. This course provided an “Internet tutorial” during the first few weeks of the semester to familiarize students with basic computer skills and Internet use. After evaluating the benefits of providing the tutorial, faculty and administrators adopted the tutorial for use in all Internet courses. During the Summer 1998 semester, a survey was administered to those students registered for Internet-based courses in the Division of Criminal Justice. This article focuses on the use of the Internet tutorial in Internet courses and provides some preliminary information regarding its potential benefit to students. Issues discussed include: (1) an explanation of the Internet tutorial, (2) the benefits of the tutorial to students and faculty, (3) preliminary information regarding the potential baenefits of implementing a technical tutorial, and (4) implications for future c...
Analysis of Solder Wetting in Sn-Ag-Cu.05 Lead Free Alloy

Lead free electronics soldering is driven by a combination of health and environmental concerns, international legislation and marketing pressure by lead free electronics manufacturing competitors. Since July 1, 2006 companies that do not comply with the European Union legislation are not able to sell circuit assemblies with lead solder in the European Union. China has developed its own regulations, based on the European Union documents with a compliance date of March 1, 2007. Lead free soldering requires an increase in reflow peak temperatures which will further aggravate component moisture sensitivity risks and thereby decrease assembly yield. Prior research has revealed a counterintuitive enhanced solder spreading phenomena at lower peak temperature and shorter time above liquidus with 63Sn/37Pb solder. This present study investigated solder wetting reactions in 96.5Sn/3.0Ag/.5Cu (WT%) (SAC305) using materials and manufacturing systems that are relevant to the electronics manufacturing industry. The objective was to advance the knowledge base of metal wetting such that solder joints can be effectively produced while avoiding heating the assembly any hotter then necessary for effective soldering, which would increase the risk of component damage due to rapid moisture outgassing and associated popcorn delamination. A classical design of experiments (DOE) approach was used with wetted area as the response variable. Additional sample characterization will be conducted outside of the DOE. The samples will be analyzed for correlation of reflow peak temperature, reflow time above liquidus, and wetted area. The expected results are 1) improved understanding of SAC lead free solder wetting reactions, 2) reduced SAC reflow peak temperatures, and thereby reduced risk of moisture sensitivity damage to components.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
DIFFUSION OF MATTER EMITTED FROM A LINE SOURCE IN A NON-ISOTROPIC TURBULENT FLOW

Abstract Turbulent diffusion from an infinite line source in a homogeneous, stationary, non-isotropic turbulent flow is studied. Spatial mean-concentration distributions are determined as functions of the statistical characteristics of turbulence. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of mean concentrations at relatively small distances from the source both upstream and downstream. At high intensities of turbulence, the resulting mean-concentration values may differ considerably from those obtained when the turbulent diffusion in the wind direction is neglected.
Aspects of coverage in medical DNA sequencing

Background DNA sequencing is now emerging as an important component in biomedical studies of diseases like cancer. Short-read, highly parallel sequencing instruments are expected to be used heavily for such projects, but many design specifications have yet to be conclusively established. Perhaps the most fundamental of these is the redundancy required to detect sequence variations, which bears directly upon genomic coverage and the consequent resolving power for discerning somatic mutations.
A useful analogy between semiconductor voltage-current characteristics and combustion branching diagrams

The Van Roosbroeck semiconductor device equations are put into useful analogy with the Arrhenius equations of combustion theory. Both, when written in appropriate variables, enjoy (suffer) exponential nonlinearities. Here, we present this analogy in rather simple terms. It is proposed that this analogy be further developed.
Multiple ions resonant heating and acceleration by Alfvén/cyclotron fluctuations in the corona and the solar wind

[1] We study the interaction between protons, multiple minor ions (O5+, He++), and a given Alfven/cyclotron fluctuation spectra in the corona and the solar wind. One-dimensional hybrid simulations are performed in initially homogeneous, collisionless, magnetized plasma with waves propagating parallel to the background magnetic field. The self-consistent hybrid simulations and linear Vlasov theory are used to study the effect of the driving spectrum, ion drift velocity, and microinstabilities on the coronal plasma and solar wind heating. The simulation results provide a clear picture of wave-particle interaction and successfully explain (1) how the driving spectrum frequency range and the power law index affect the resonant heating, (2) how ion double-peak distribution is formed and how differential flows affect the resonant interaction via the change of the resonant wave dispersion relation, and (3) how local microinstabilities affect minor ion heating and constraint the values of plasma parameters observed in the solar wind.
Should Guidelines Incorporate Evidence on Patient Preferences

Patient preferences are critically important to clinical decision making and patient care. Few clinicians practicing modern day medicine would argue otherwise. This is the case despite the fact that shared decision making can often be difficult for us to accomplish in our everyday practices.1–5 Traditional models for incorporating patient preferences into clinical decisions have described the intersection of patient values with clinical evidence and resource considerations at the point-of-decision (Figure ​(Figure11).6 More recently, there have been calls to move beyond the mere integration of patient preferences at the point-of-decision to the more systematic integration of patient preference data into guidelines themselves.7,8
THE BIOTECHNOLOGY OF SEX PRESELECTION: SOCIAL ISSUES IN A PUBLIC POLICY CONTEXT

Sex preselection is the ability to select the sex of one's offspring prior to conception. After a discussion of the potential methods of sex preselection, this paper explores the possible diffusion of sex preselection biotechnologies within sociopolitical systems. Ethical aspects are discussed w i t h i n the context of broad social issues, family considerations, social class effects, crime, religion, and medical services. The article concludes with an examination of the public policy choices that might confront decision makers should sex preselection become a reality.
Noise-induced changes in cochlear compression in the rat as indexed by forward masking of the auditory brainstem response

The current study was undertaken to investigate changes in forward masking patterns using on-frequency and off-frequency maskers of 7 and 10 kHz probes in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Off-frequency forward masking growth functions have been shown in humans to be non-linear, while on-frequency functions behave linearly. The non-linear nature of the off-frequency functions is attributable to active processing from the outer hair cells, and was therefore expected to be sensitive to noise-induced cochlear damage. For the study, nine Sprague-Dawley rats' auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded with and without forward maskers. Forward masker-induced changes in latency and amplitude of the initial positive peak of the rats' auditory brainstem responses were assessed with both off-frequency and on-frequency maskers. The rats were then exposed to a noise designed to induce 20-40 dB of permanent threshold shift. Twenty-one days after the noise exposure, the forward masking growth functions were measured to assess noise-induced changes in the off-frequency and on-frequency forward masking patterns. Pre-exposure results showed compressive non-linear masking effects of the off-frequency conditions on both latency and amplitude of the auditory brainstem response. The noise rendered the off-frequency forward masking patterns more linear, consistent with human behavioral findings. On- and off-frequency forward masking growth functions were calculated, and they displayed patterns consistent with human behavioral functions, both prior to noise and after the noise exposure.
Studies on the Enlarged Hock Disorder in Turkeys 2. Factors Affecting the Excretion and Retention of Creatine by Young Poults

Abstract A RECENT report from this laboratory (Scott, 1950) described a leg weakness in young turkeys which appears to result from the lack of an unknown nutrient, or nutrients, in the diet. This disorder, which does not appear to be identical with typical perosis, is characterized by an enlargement of the tibiometatarsal joint (hock) at approximately 2 weeks of age, which usually returns to normal at approximately 4 weeks of age, only to recur in more severe form as the turkeys reach 14 to 16 weeks of age. The condition of the hocks in poults suffering from typical perosis is presented in Figure 1. The poults shown in this photograph received a diet deficient in choline (i.e., containing approximately one-half the level of choline recommended for turkeys by the National Research Council). This picture is presented to show the contrast between typical perosis and the enlarged hock condition which is shown in . . .
Development of a model for precision contour grinding of brittle materials

Abstract A graphical computer model of the chip geometry resulting from a three-dimensional grinding operation was developed for use in relating the critical depth data obtained from the one-dimensional plunge-grinding technique. This model predicts the resulting surface finish and calculates the theoretical roughness and the final chip geometry for a precision grinding operation. The model is based on euclidean geometry at the intersection of the surfaces of two solid objects. This model was programmed to calculate the remaining surface height as the wheel progresses across the part. The output of the surface profile for successive cuts can be subtracted to illustrate the shape of the chip removed for each revolution of the grinding wheel. Chip geometry as influenced by depth of cut, feed rate, and tool shape was shown to be an important parameter in diamond turning of brittle materials. Similar relationships are developed for the additional geometric complexities of a precision grinding operation. The theoretical surface features are then compared with the actual features generated by grinding brittle materials.
Performance of suboptimal linear control systems

It is shown that the calculation of the performance of a class of suboptimal linear control systems is similar to the calculation of the performance of an equivalent optimal system. The performances of both optimal and suboptimal linear systems have terms for cost owing to uncertainty about the initial state of the plant, a nonzero mean of the initial state, error in the estimate of the state, and error in control owing to additive noise at the input. A suboptimal system, in addition to having greater costs than the optimal system for each of these terms, has a cost term which vanishes if either optimal control or optimal estimation is used.
Team [Ii][Ss][Uu][0–2]{4} design overview: MEMOCODE 2010 design contest

This paper describes the architecture of a high-speed regular expression matching system implemented by the [Ii][Ss][Uu][0–2]{4} team from Iowa State University for the 2010 MEMOCODE competition. The purpose of this system is to detect malicious patterns in high-speed network data streams. The core functionality is implemented on a Stratix III 260 FPGA, and software running on a Xeon processor is used to transfer data to/from main memory and the FPGA. An interesting aspect of this architecture is the novel use of context switching resources to avoid buffering packets of connections whose classification are pending. The implemented solution detects malicious patterns at over 500 Mbps, and is estimated to scale to support well over 400 rules on our Stratix III FPGA.
EcoDrive: A Mobile Sensing and Control System for Fuel Efficient Driving

This paper introduces EcoDrive, a fuel consumption sensing and control system for modern vehicles, implemented in an embedded platform, to improve fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. EcoDrive senses vehicle dynamics through the standard vehicle On-board diagnostics (OBD) port and models various vehicle forces, i.e., propulsion, drivetrain loss, wind resistance and grade resistance, as functions of instant fuel consumption. By sensing vehicular speed and controlling air/fuel injection rate in real time, EcoDrive can adjust speed carefully to improve fuel efficiency. We have collected more than 10,000 miles of driving traces from 12 different vehicles to build models of vehicle dynamics. Based on the models, a prototype of EcoDrive is implemented in an off-the-shelf embedded platform. The prototype is installed on a regular vehicle and evaluated through test drives of more than 100 miles across both urban and highway environments. In comparison with human drivers, EcoDrive achieves an average of 20% higher fuel efficiency in urban road segments and 30% higher fuel efficiency on highways.
A Theory of Fatigue Crack Initiation in Solids

It is proposed a theory that is based upon the concept of Gibbs free energy change from a state of dislocation dipole accumulation along a layer to a state of crack initiation. When the Gibbs free energy change is plotted against cyclic numbers of loading, it takes a maximum value at a critical value of the cyclic number which is defined as the crack initiation cycle number
A large hyperbaric trap-respirometer for the capture and maintenance of live deep sea organisms

Summary form only given. The capture and maintenance of live deep-sea fishes is difficult due to the rapid decompression and expansion of the gas-filled bladders of some species upon ascent to the surface, and potentially to the intolerance of many species to surface pressure (1 atm). Overcoming these problems would enable an enormous diversity of studies concerning the biology and physiology of deep-sea animals. We have constructed a pressurized trap-respirometer to capture fishes and other large organisms at the depths to 4000 m and bring them to the surface under pressure. The system consists of a 90 litre stainless steel pressure cylinder (1.2 m long, 30 cm internal diameter) that is captured at depth a pressure-retaining door is sealed and the trap is brought to the surface. Upon the recovery and transfer of the system to the laboratory, high pressure pumps maintain a flow of seawater and a pressure accumulator and regulator system, controls pressure within the trap. Internal instrumentation includes a circulation pump, oxygen optode, and low light camera. Experiments are planned to investigate metabolic rates and the pressure tolerance of the captured animals.
Increased axonal expression of nectin-1 in multiple sclerosis plaques

Nectin-1 is a cell adhesion molecule that plays a role in interneuronal synapse formation, in axonal guidance during development and possibly in neuron-glia interactions. To better understand axonal changes in MS, nectin-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in normal adult human cerebral white matter (n = 4) and in six MS plaques (three active and three inactive). The intensity of axonal nectin-1 expression was scored on a scale of 0 to 4+. In normal adult cerebral white matter, axons showed weak nectin-1 expression with a score of 1.25 ± 0.50. Axonal nectin-1 expression was significantly stronger within both active (score = 3.33 ± 0.289, p = 0.001) and inactive (score = 2.16 ± 0.29, p = 0.038) MS plaques than in normal white matter. Axons in white matter adjacent to MS plaques showed nectin-1 expression (score = 1.5 ± 0.50) that was not statistically different from normal controls (p = 0.542). These findings raise the possibility that increased expression of nectin-1 in MS lesions plays a role in the pathogenesis of MS through participation in axonal responses to injury and mediation of altered neuron-glia interactions relevant to myelination.
Serum Metal Ion Concentrations After Unilateral vs Bilateral Large-Head Metal-on-Metal Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

It is unknown if the presence of bilateral well-functioning large-head metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip arthroplasties (THAs) leads to higher serum metal ion concentrations than unilateral MOM THA. Elevated levels (chromium, 17 μg/L; cobalt, 19 μg/L) have been associated with poorly functioning MOM THA with metallosis. Fourteen patients having undergone bilateral and 25 patients having undergone unilateral large-head primary MOM THA were compared. Harris Hip Scores, University of California Los Angeles activity scores, radiographs, serum creatinine, and serum cobalt and chromium levels were obtained. Only cobalt ion levels were significantly higher in the bilateral group than in the unilateral group (1.8 μg/L vs 1.0 μg/L, P = .029). Comparatively, this magnitude is clinically rather low because ion levels did not approach those associated with metallosis in either group. We conclude that although patients with well-functioning bilateral MOM THA may have slightly higher cobalt levels, neither cobalt nor chromium levels approach those seen in poorly functioning MOM THA with metallosis.
Real-time three-dimensional single-particle tracking spectroscopy for complex systems

Complex systems are characterized by dynamical processes spread over multiple time and length scales. At a given instant, these systems can display spatial heterogeneities in which the local physical and chemical properties are nonuniform, depending on the location. They can also exhibit dynamical heterogeneities in which the local dynamical characteristics vary with time. These types of systems pose unique experimental challenges for their characterization and test of theoretical ideas. Recently, real-time three-dimensional (3D) single-particle tracking spectroscopy has been developed to address these kinds of problems. With this approach, in principle, one can follow how a system evolves spatially as well as temporally. This article attempts to provide an introduction to this promising new technique by discussing the aims of studying a complex system and recent experimental advances towards this goal.
The modulation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors by redox and alkylating reagents in rat cortical neurones in vitro.

1. The properties of sulfhydryl redox modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor have been examined in rat cortical neurones in culture. Electrophysiological measurements were performed with the whole-cell and outside-out patch variants of the patch-clamp technique. 2. The disulphide reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT; 0.1-10 mM) potentiated 10 microM NMDA-mediated whole-cell currents when applied slowly alone via the superfusate. The initial rate of reduction, as well as the degree of potentiation, was dependent on the concentration of DTT although the process was complicated by the fact that a second, large component appeared at a concentration of 10 mM of this agent. 3. DTT (0.1-10 mM) was also rapidly applied together with the agonist from a perfusion pipette. With this method, the second component was not readily apparent, and the concentration of DTT producing a half-maximal potentiation of the NMDA response was 1.9 +/- 0.3 mM. Two other disulphide reducing agents, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate and meso-bis(N,N-dimethyl)adipamide-2,5-dithiol, also potentiated NMDA responses, but were not as effective as DTT. 4. Following a 4 mM DTT treatment, we observed that the NMDA receptor underwent spontaneous oxidation with a half-time of 1.9 min. In contrast, the sulfhydryl oxidizing agent 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitro-benzoic acid) (DTNB; 500 microM) produced a more rapid reversal of the effects of DTT (t1/2 = 0.6 min). The spontaneously oxidized receptor could be further oxidized with DTNB and fully reduced with DTT. 5. After receptor oxidation with 500 microM DTNB, NMDA produced whole-cell responses with an EC50 of 68.4 +/- 9.4 microM, whereas after reduction with 4 mM DTT the EC50 for NMDA was 32.5 +/- 3.4 microM. In addition, the maximum response after reduction with DTT was substantially increased over that observed after oxidation. 6. Single channel measurements performed on outside-out patches revealed that reduction produced a dramatic increase in the number of NMDA-induced channel openings. We observed a 2.1 +/- 0.2-fold increase in the frequency of openings during reduction with 500 microM DTT when compared to patches which had been exposed to 500 microM DTNB. Small but significant differences were observed in the single channel conductance for the oxidized (34.6 +/- 1.1 pS) and reduced (37.6 +/- 1.5 pS) states of the receptor. In contrast, no significant changes were seen in the arithmetic mean channel open time between the two redox conditions (5.4 +/- 0.3 ms after oxidation, 6.0 +/- 0.7 ms after reduction).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
An unusual case of Erdheim–Chester disease with features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are both exceedingly rare histiocytic proliferations that can involve the skeletal system. We report on a case of ECD with some features suggestive of LCH. Radiographs demonstrated a large lytic lesion in the left femur, with multiple lesions of sclerosis involving both distal femurs and tibias. Both the lytic lesion and a sclerotic lesion were biopsied and demonstrated distinctive histologic features characteristic of ECD in the tibia and features of LCH in the femur. The clinical/radiologic and pathologic features that distinguish ECD and LCH as distinct entities are reviewed, and the underlying biological connection between them is discussed.
A self-consistent method for the generation of configuration interaction coefficients using variational Monte Carlo

We have developed a new method for calculating configuration interaction coefficients for trial wavefunctions used in quantum Monte Carlo calculations of molecular structure. These numerical calculations can be carried out with optimized Jastrow functions included in the wavefunction. These calculations produce coefficients different from those obtained through methods using analytical integration without the Jastrow functions and lead to more accurate trial wavefunctions. We tested the method on the beryllium atom and found that the VMC energy obtained with improved coefficients (—14.6615 hartrees) was 0.9 millihartrees lower than the energy obtained using coefficients from analytical calculations (—14.6606 hartrees). This energy difference corresponds to about 1% of the correlation energy.
Cross-Racial Interactions during College: A Longitudinal Study of Four Forms of Interracial Interactions among Elite White College Students

College and universities present distinct opportunities to interact across racial and ethnic lines that may influence people’s prejudice toward different groups. This study examines the influence of four forms of cross-race interaction on traditional and modern forms of racial prejudice among white college students at 28 of the most selective colleges and universities in the US. This study finds that, although white students’ level of racial prejudice declines over four years, interracial contact during college does not significantly influence their level of prejudice. Moreover, a race-related form of social identity is the most consistent influence on students’ racial prejudice.
Victoria Symptom Validity Test: Cutoff Scores for Psychometrically Defined Malingering Groups in a Military Sample

The Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) is one of the least widely used tests to assess performance validity on tests of neurocognitive functioning, but a meta-analysis has suggested that it is one of the more effective validity tests. The current research examined cutoffs for several different scores derived from the VSVT in an active duty military sample composed primarily of mild TBI patients. The results are consistent with previous research and provide additional evidence that much higher cutoffs scores than originally recommended for the VSVT by the developers based on binomial probability theory can produce excellent classification and diagnostic statistics when a psychometrically defined non-malingering group is compared with two psychometrically defined malingering groups (Probable and Probable to Definite). The utility of the difference score between the Easy and Hard Items is supported by this research. The results also indicate that reaction times have some utility, but they are constrained by a lack of sensitivity.
The Utility of Assessing the Gross Appearance of Fine Needle Aspiration Specimens for a Better Yield on Cell Blocks

Introduction: Cell blocks (CBs) with adequate cellularity are important for diagnosis and ancillary studies. Cytology samples from breast cancer, primary or metastatic, are unique in that they must be fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) to comply with the ASCO/CAP guidelines for evaluation of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and Her2 neu (Her2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of 95% ethyl alcohol (ETOH) into NBF and an additional centrifugation step would improve cellularity of CBs without compromising ER/PR/Her2 IHC or FISH. Materials and Methods: 18 breast cancer specimens, >1 cm in size and known ER+ and Her2(3+) status were selected. Scrapings from each case were performed at the time of grossing and placed in conical tubes all with 10% NBF labeled 1, 2 and 3, and processed as seen in Figure 1. Histological processing followed standard cycle for CBs with adequate fixation time. CBs were evaluated for cellularity, stained for ER and Her2, and scored. Known Her2(3+) cases were submitted for FISH. Results: The CBs with the ETOH/centrifugation step showed better cell aggregation. 17/18 CBs (94%) had similar or improved cellularity. There was a 93% concordance of ER and 100% concordance of Her2 between CBs and the biopsy/resection. Her2 FISH testing in CBs following the new method were more successful in showing amplification (5/6) compared with the old method (1/6). FISH failed due to lack of cells. Conclusion: Adding ETOH/centrifugation step into the processing provides the same or better cellularity in the majority of cases while complying with the ASCO/CAP guidelines. Better cellular aggregation in the slide helps screening, FISH analysis and possibly molecular testing. Staining pattern of ER and Her2 in CBs prepared with the addition of ETOH has high concordance rate with stains performed on paired biopsy/ resection. Figure 1
Discussion on the lowest energy positron decay

Abstract Positrons (e + ) from 59 Ni decay have a maximum energy of 51 keV, the lowest known energy for a e + transition. The identifying signal is e + e − annihilation into two 511 keV γ-rays that can be readily observed. Modern Ge detector arrays offer the opportunity to accurately check the 59 Ni result (to resolve an apparent error in the intensity) and, further, to search for even lower energy e + decays. The extremely small e + branching ratios associated with such decays: (1) require efficient detection and suppression of backgrounds and (2) limit the practical utility of low energy e + transitions. Branching ratio results for allowed low energy e + decays could be compared to atomic theory calculations and, at high precision, test weak interaction theory.
The challenge of open access for university presses

University presses were founded in the late 19th century to help alleviate a problem of market failure, namely insufficient demand in the commercial marketplace to sustain a publishing operation on the basis of sales alone. Now, in the face of claims about another type of market failure - insufficient funds to sustain library subscriptions to STM journals - calls have come forth to change the economic model of publishing from sales-based to grants-based, offering the fruits of knowledge free to all users with an Internet connection. This paper examines both the challenges and the opportunities that the variants of 'open access' present to university presses, as they seek to fulfill their traditional mission of disseminating knowledge 'far and wide' while remaining sustainable as businesses.
Operative Risks and Survival in Veterans With Severe Aortic Stenosis: Surgery Versus Medical Therapy

Background Transcatheter aortic valves were developed as an alternative to surgery for the one third to two thirds of patients with severe aortic stenosis who do not undergo aortic valve replacement. In this study, we examined reasons for medical management of aortic stenosis in relation to operative risks and outcomes for veterans with and without valve replacement. Methods The echocardiography database was screened from 2000 to 2007 for severe aortic stenosis. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores and survival were determined for patients with and without aortic valve replacement. Results Of 132 severe aortic stenosis patients included, 42% were medically managed. Predicted operative mortality risk was lower for surgical patients than for medical patients (4.5% ± 4.2% versus 6.8% ± 5.1%, p = 0.002). Overall, the most common reason for medical management of aortic stenosis was assumption that the patient was high risk for surgery (30.4%). The surgery group had significantly higher median survival (92.2 versus 32.4 months) and 5-year survival (71% versus 37%, p p = 0.008). Conclusions Although operative risk was higher among patients who did not undergo surgery, most were not the 10% or greater required for transcatheter valves. Given the significantly lower survival with medical therapy, aortic valve replacement should be carefully considered for most severe aortic stenosis patients whereas transcatheter aortic valves should be reserved for patients with high operative risks.
The scientific press in transition: Rozier's journal and the scientific societies in the 1770s

Summary This paper examines the early years of the eighteenth-century scientific periodical Observations sur la physique, sur l'histoire naturelle et sur les arts (1771–1823, Paris), or ‘Rozier's Journal’, after Francois Rozier (1734–1793). Rozier's Journal is seen as a transitional and competing genre for scientific publication directed at shortcomings in the learned society press and in contemporary scientific communications. The evolution of this role is traced as the Journal emerged from the independent press between 1771 and 1773. It is argued that Rozier's Journal, limited to the sciences physiques (physical sciences), marked only a step towards the specialized periodical of the nineteenth century. The professional character of Rozier's intended audience is suggested, and Rozier's unexpectedly close ties to the scientific societies are explored. The Journal is seen to be part of both the old and the new, a unique case in the ancien regime press.
The Complex Nature of Exposure To Early Childhood Trauma in the Psychoanalysis of a Child

When an intense transference relationship evolves during psychoanalysis, sensory and emotional experiences associated with trauma can arise spontaneously. Detailed clinical process material is presented from the psychoanalysis of a six-year-old boy whose severe trauma at age two and a half contributed to his conflicts about aggression and gender identity, impeding his development. A series of analytic sessions during which he spontaneously enacted fantasies, feelings, and defenses associated with the trauma in the immediacy of the transference relationship are used to illustrate how psychoanalysis provided him the safety to rework this overwhelming experience and its aftermath, thereby restoring progressive development. It is hypothesized that while work with trauma was only one feature in an otherwise complex treatment, psychoanalysis provided a sophisticated form of reexposure to developmentally primitive emotions, images, and fantasies that this child had not consciously connected with the trauma. Associated early childhood conflicts pertaining to aggression, separation, and gender identity, warded off with rigid defenses, had become intertwined with the trauma and its aftermath, rendering them otherwise inaccessible.
Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)‐graft‐polystyrene by a combination of cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization

Vinyl acetate and vinyl chloroacetate were copolymerized in the presence of a bis(trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(II) complex and 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) at 30 °C, forming a cobalt-capped poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloroacetate). The addition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy after a certain degree of copolymerization was reached afforded 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-terminated poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloroacetate) (PVOAc–MI; number-average molecular weight = 31,000, weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight = 1.24). A 1H NMR study of the resulting PVOAc–MI revealed quantitative terminal 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy functionality and the presence of 5.5 mol % vinyl chloroacetate in the copolymer. The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) was studied with ethyl chloroacetate as a model initiator and five different Cu-based catalysts. Catalysts with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)octadecylamine (BPMODA) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligands provided the highest initiation efficiency and best control over the polymerization of St. The grafting-from ATRP of St from PVOAc–MI catalyzed by copper complexes with BPMODA or TPMA ligands provided poly(vinyl acetate)-graft-polystyrene copolymers with relatively high polydispersity (>1.5) because of intermolecular coupling between growing polystyrene (PSt) grafts. After the hydrolysis of the graft copolymers, the cleaved PSt side chains had a monomodal molecular weight distribution with some tailing toward the lower number-average molecular weight region because of termination. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 447–459, 2007
Randomized Space-Time Coding for Distributed Cooperative Communication

In this paper, we study the problem of designing distributed space-time codes for cooperative communication. We introduce randomized strategies that decentralize the transmission of a space time code from a set of distributed relays and analyze their performance. In our methods, as in other cooperative transmission strategies, the relay signals are encoded so as to provide diversity and coding gains. However, our methods enable the relays to act independently and to achieve such gains in a decentralized fashion. The simple idea we propose is to let each node transmit a random linear combination of the codewords that would be transmitted by all the antennas in a centralized space time coding scheme. Different decentralized strategies correspond to different choices for the statistics of the random coefficients. We provide sufficient conditions on the distributions of the random coefficients and on the number of nodes that guarantee to achieve the maximum diversity gain. We show that the proposed scheme achieves full diversity (N) if N L.
Implementation and Characterization of Flow Injection in Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy

The use of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) offers substantially increased signals in liquid-state NMR spectroscopy. A challenge in realizing this potential lies in the transfer of the hyperpolarized sample to the NMR detector without loss of hyperpolarization. Here, the use of a flow injection method using high-pressure liquid leads to improved performance compared to the more common gas-driven injection, by suppressing residual fluid motions during the NMR experiment while still achieving a short injection time. Apparent diffusion coefficients are determined from pulsed field gradient echo measurements, and are shown to fall below 1.5 times the value of a static sample within 0.8 s. Due to the single-scan nature of D-DNP, pulsed field gradients are often the only choice for coherence selection or encoding, but their application requires stationary fluid. Sample delivery driven by a high-pressure liquid will improve the applicability of these types of D-DNP advanced experiments.
Diversity in the Practice of Inpatient Group Psychotherapy in North America

In the USA and Canada inpatient group psychotherapy is widely practised, although rarely with the kind of sophistication required to conduct such a complicated form of treatment. In most hospitals, groups are usually led by clinicians with the least training. At major training centres, psychiatric department residents may or may not conduct such groups, but even when they do they invariably receive inadequate supervision (Yalom, 1983). Under these circumstances, unsophisticated, pragmatic approaches have won popularity: it is easier to control patients when simple formulas are applied. This paper describes the evolution of inpatient group psychotherapy in North America and summarizes current trends. Then a more dynamic approach is presented, its principles grounded in object relations and general systems theories.