cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide mediates cardiac protection of tissue kallikrein by reducing inflammation and ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

Abstract We assessed the role of nitric oxide (NO) and the kinin B2 receptor in mediating tissue kallikrein's actions in intramyocardial inflammation and cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adenovirus carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene was delivered locally into rat hearts 4 days prior to 30-minute ischemia followed by 24-hour or 7-day reperfusion with or without administration of icatibant, a kinin B2 receptor antagonist, or N(ω)–nitro–L–arginine methyl ester (L–NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Kallikrein gene delivery improved cardiac contractility and diastolic function, reduced infarct size at 1 day after I/R without affecting mean arterial pressure. Kallikrein treatment reduced macrophage/monocyte and neutrophil accumulation in the infarcted myocardium in association with reduced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels. Kallikrein increased cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and NO levels and decreased superoxide formation, TGF–β1 levels and Smad2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, kallikrein reduced I/R-induced JNK, p38MAPK, IκB-α phosphorylation and nuclear NF–κB activation. In addition, kallikrein improved cardiac performance, reduced infarct size and prevented ventricular wall thinning at 7 days after I/R. The effects of kallikrein on cardiac function, inflammation and signaling mediators were all blocked by icatibant and L–NAME. These results indicate that tissue kallikrein through kinin B2 receptor and NO formation improves cardiac function, prevents inflammation and limits left ventricular remodeling after myocardial I/R by suppression of oxidative stress, TGF–β1/Smad2 and JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathways and NF–κB activation.
Complementary self‐aligned laser arrays by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

A two‐step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth technique has been used to fabricate multielement arrays of complementary self‐aligned lasers using graded barrier quantum well active regions. This technique eliminates any possible difficulty associated with regrowth on a high composition AlGaAs layer by placing the interface outside the stripe region. The complex index guiding and resulting mode discrimination characteristics of self‐aligned lasers stabilize the near‐ and far‐field patterns of the array. Comparison studies between shallow mesa arrays and self‐aligned arrays are described.
Symmetries of the stable Kneser graphs

It is well known that the automorphism group of the Kneser graph KG"n","k is the symmetric group on n letters. For n>=2k+1, k>=2, we prove that the automorphism group of the stable Kneser graph SG"n","k is the dihedral group of order 2n.
A Nonlinear Mechanism for the Generation of Sea Waves

Recent observations of the growth of sea waves under the action of wind have established that the rate of growth is several times greater than has yet been accounted for. In this paper a new mechanism of wave generation is proposed, based on the idea of a maser-like action of the short waves on the longer waves. It is shown that when surface waves decay they impart their momentum to the surrounding fluid. Short waves are readily regenerated by shear instability. But a longer wave passing through shorter waves causes the short waves to steepen on the long-wave crests. Hence the short waves impart more of their momentum to the crests of the long waves, where the orbital motion of the long waves is in the direction of wave propagation. If the short waves are decaying only weakly (under the action of viscosity), the effect on the long waves is slight. But when the short waves are forced to decay strongly by breaking on the forward slopes of the long waves the gain of energy by the latter is greatly increased. Calculations suggest that the mechanism is capable of imparting energy to sea waves at the rate observed.
Oral language assessment in the classroom

(1997). Oral language assessment in the classroom. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 36, New Directions in Student Assessment, pp. 214-219.
Hemagglutinin activity in Nereis coelomic fluid

Abstract 1. 1. Nereis coelomic fluid agglutinates rat, mouse, chicken, guinea pig and rhesus monkey erythrocytes (RBC). 2. 2. Lipid fractions of the particulate matter from coelomic fluid are hemagglutinins exhibiting different activity inhibition profiles with complex polysaccharides. 3. 3. The high mol. wt hemagglutinin from coelomic fluid supernatant is not a protein and is inhibited by bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), thyroglobulin, transferrin and their asialo derivatives. 4. 4. Coelomic fluid supernatant has a population of low mol. wt protein hemagglutinins inhibited by BSM, fetuin. antiserum to coelomic fluid and some mannan preparations. 5. 5. Hemagglutination by lipids characterized by RBC specificity and specificity for inhibition by carbohydrate is noteworthy and may be significant in studies of cellular interactions and immunity in invertebrates.
Fate of natural vegetation during urban development of rural landscapes in Southeastern Wisconsin

Abstract The fate of vegetation as three rural landscapes (each 25km 2 ) in southeastern Wisconsin were urbanized was investigated using a spatial data base with time series of land use and vegetal cover for 1937, 1963 and 1975. Additionally, forest tracts in these landscapes were surveyed to assess types and intensity of disturbance. Remnant natural vegetation and such semi-natural vegetation as tree-lined fencerows in rural landscapes undergo complex transformations during urbanization. Land use changes destroy some tracts of forest and savanna, while others are created in new locations offsetting losses. Forest and fencerows are resources for development of areas of street and yard trees. However, most such vegetal resources of rural areas are destroyed during urbanization, rather than being incorporated into urban vegetation.
Khasa H, Kramer R, Maddux N, Hamborg M, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Middaugh, CR. 2013. Studies of the Aggregation of RNase Sa. J Pharm Sci 103:395-399.

The original article to which this erratum refers was published in 2014; 103:395–399.In the foot note, it states: “Mette Hamborg’s present address is Department of International Health, Immunology and Micro-biology, CMP, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, DK-1014, Denmark”This is corrected as: “Mette Hamborg was a visiting PhD student from Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and MedicalSciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.”Theunitoftheextinctioncoefﬁcientisincorrect“1.65M
Studies on the filterability of mouse sarcoma.

Conclusions1. We have been successful in obtaining 34 mouse sarcoma No. 37 out of 105 injections, when supernatant fluid of cultures of Mouse Sarcoma No. 37, incubated anaerobically for 23 to 24 hours, was used.2. The Berkfeldt filtrate of Mouse Sarcoma No. 37 also incubated anaerobically yielded 6 tumors out of 164 injected animals.3. Tumor tissue incubated anaerobically does not seem to be suficiently viable to produce tumors when inoculated subcutaneously.4. Mouse Carcinoma No. 63 yielded 2 tumors out of 81 injections of the supernatant fluid from incubated mouse carcinomata.5. The filtered fluid from Mouse Carcinoma No. 63 so far has not produced a single successful tumor formation.
Uptake of 36Cl and 22Na by the Brain‐Cerebrospinal Fluid System: Comparison of the Permeability of the Blood‐Brain and Blood‐Cerebrospinal Fluid Barriers

: Transport and permeability properties of the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers were determined by kinetic analysis of radioisotope uptake from the plasma into the CNS of the adult rat. Cerebral cortex and cerebellum uptake curves for 36Cl and 22Na were resolved into two components. The fast component (t½ 0.02–0.05 h, fractional volume 0.04–0.08) is comprised of the vascular compartment and a small perivascular space whereas the slow component (t½ 1.06–1.69 h, fractional volume 0.92–0.96) represents isotope movement across the blood-brain barrier into the brain extracellular and cellular compartments. Uptake curves of both 36Cl and 22Na into the CSF were also resolved into two components, a fast component (t½ 0.18 h, fractional volume 0.24) and a slow component (t½ 1.2 h, fractional volume 0.76). Evidence suggests that the fast component represents isotope movement across the blood-CSF barrier, i.e., the choroid plexuses, whereas the CSF slow component probably reflects isotope penetration primarily from the brain extracellular fluid into the CSF. The extracellular fluid volume of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum was estimated as ˜13% from the initial slope of the curve of brain space versus CSF space curve for both 36Cl and 22Na. Like the choroid plexuses, the glial cell compartment of the brain appears to accumulate Cl from 2 to 6 times that predicted for passive distribution. The relative permeability of the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers to 36Cl, 22Na, and [3H]mannitol was determined by calculating permeability surface-area products (PA). Analysis of the PA values for all three isotopes indicates that the effective permeability of the choroidal epithelium (blood/CSF barrier) is significantly greater than that of the capillary endothelium in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum (blood-brain barrier).
Classifying cells for cancer diagnosis using neural networks

A computer-based system for diagnosing bladder cancer is described. Typically, an object falls into one of two classes: Well or Not-well. The Well class contains the cells that will actually be useful for diagnosing bladder cancer; the Not-well class includes everything else. Several descriptive features are extracted from each object in the image and then fed to a multilayer perceptron, which classifies them as Well or Not-well. The perceptron's superior classification abilities reduces the number of computer misclassification errors to a level tolerable for clinical use. Also, the perceptron's parallelism and other aspects of this implementation lend it to extremely fast computation, thus providing accurate classification at an acceptable speed. >
Recovery of Fingerprints from Fire Scenes and Associated Evidence

A lack of information concerning the potential recovery of fingerprints from fire scenes and related evidence prompted several research projects. Latent prints from good secretors and visible prints (in blood) were placed on a variety of different surfaces and subsequently subjected to "real life" fires in fully furnished compartments used for fire investigation training purposes. The items were placed in various locations and at different heights within the compartments. After some initial success, further tests were undertaken using both latent and dirt/grease marks on different objects within the same types of fire compartments. Subsequent sets of tests involved the recovery of latent and visual fingerprints (in blood, dirt and grease) from different types of weapons, lighters, plastic bags, match boxes, tapers, plastic bottles and petrol bombs that had been subjected to the same fire conditions as previously. Throughout the entire series of projects one of the prime considerations was how the resultant findings could be put into practice by fire scene examiners in an attempt to assist the police in their investigations. This research demonstrates that almost one in five items recovered from fire scenes yielded fingerprint ridge detail following normal development treatments.
Experimental methods in decision aid research

In this overview of experimental decision aid research, we examine some of the basic considerations necessary when conducting this type of research. We next look at several specific lessons we have learned over our combined careers in this research stream. Whether dealing with the basics or specific lessons learned, we provide the reader a foundational understanding of the problems involved and suggestions toward solutions. We conclude by discussing some of the unique advantages and disadvantages of doing decision aid research using experimental methods. Specifically, we note that experimental decision aid research spans a wide range of human experience, from psychology to technology, and that it is well placed to get to the “why” behind the “what” experiments find.
Neural network applications in synthetic organic chemistry. I. A hybrid system which performs retrosynthetic analysis

A computational method is proposed for devising synthetic routes which uses retrosynthetic analysis and embodies chemical intuition using a hybrid expert system that incorporates a collection of neural networks and rule-based components. Each neural network will act as an agent. The authors use list structures which are productions of context-sensitive language to represent the target molecule and subsequent molecular fragments arising from each successive set of disconnections. The internal representation thus produced will be parsed to detect certain types of features, such as strategic bonds and functional groups. A feature vector is assembled using the parser output and presented to the set of neural networks as input
680 PREDICTION OF NEONATAL SEPSIS BASED ON “RISK” OR “CLINICAL” FACTORS

During a study designed to evaluate several tests used to diagnose neonatal sepsis (Pediatrics, 1980, 65:1036), the reasons for investigation were also examined. Of 524 babies evaluated with blood cultures and laboratory tests in a 5-year period, 298 (57%) were males, 336(64%) were low birth weight and 296(56%) were evaluated shortly after birth. Sepsis was proved in 41 babies (8%). Early evaluation was primarily based upon “risk factors” (e.g., prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), maternal infection, premature labor without adequate explanation), and later evaluation was based upon “clinical factors” (e.g., lethargy, apnea, temperature instability). For the commonest reasons for evaluation, the predictive accuracy for sepsis usually increased when more than one reason was given. “Clinical” were more predictive than “risk” factors. In particular, with “PROM alone,” there were no cases of proven sepsis among 64 babies, but with “PROM and other” 8/89(9%) had sepsis. Figures for premature labor, maternal infection, lethargy, temperature instability, apnea and cyanotic spells alone were respectively (with %) 2/72(3), 0/17(0), 2/15 (13), 1/8(13), 3/37(8), and 2/36(6). For each of these and “other” reasons the respective figures were 5/44(11), 4/48(8), 21/72(29), 3/25(12), 8/47(17), and 3/32(9). Of 168 babies evaluated for a single “risk” factor, only 2 had proven sepsis. It should be possible to decrease antibiotic use under these circumstances, and diagnostic tests may allow this to be done with some confidence.
3D reconstruction and characterization of polycrystalline microstructures using a FIB-SEM system

Abstract A novel methodology is described in this paper which is a step towards three-dimensional representation of grain structures for microstructure characterization and processing microstructural data for subsequent computational analysis. It facilitates evaluation of stereological parameters of grain structures from a series of two-dimensional (2D) electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps. Crystallographic orientation maps of consecutive serial sections of a micron-size specimen are collected in an automated manner using a dual-beam focused ion beam–scanning electron microscope (FIB–SEM) outfitted with an EBSD system. Analysis of the serial-sectioning data is accomplished using a special purpose software program called “Micro-Imager”. Micro-Imager is able to output characterization parameters such as the distribution of grain size, number of neighboring grains, and grain orientation and misorientation for every 2D section. Some of these data can be compared with results from stereological exercises. Stacking the 2D statistical information obtained from the analysis of the serial-sectioning data provides a means to quantify the variability of grain structure in 3D.
Web-based self-management support training for health professionals: A pilot study

Abstract Objective To evaluate a web-based self-management training for health professionals. Patients spend 99% of their time outside the healthcare system. Thus self-management support from health professionals is central to optimal care. Our objective was to teach health professionals the skills to provide this support. Methods Primary care residents and practicing providers enrolled in six groups. Each group received four web-based interactive training sessions derived from self-efficacy theory. Retrospective-pre/post assessed changes in self-management beliefs and confidence. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction compared responses. Focus groups solicited qualitative feedback. Results Fifty-seven residents and providers across the United States enrolled. Residents demonstrated positive changes on all belief questions (P 0.001–0.012). Practicing providers had a non-significant positive change on one and significant changes on the remainder (P 0.001–0.018). Both types of participants demonstrated significant increases on confidence questions regarding their ability to support self-management (P Conclusion The web-based self-management support training for health professionals was feasible and changed beliefs and confidence. Practice implications The program may maximize patient self-management by increasing provider self-efficacy and skill for self-management support.
Perceived barriers to care among veterans health administration patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford UniversityDespite the availability of specialty posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) care withinDepartment of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, many VA patients with PTSD do notseek needed PTSD treatment. This study examined institutional and stigma-relatedbarriers to care among a large diverse group of Vietnam and Iraq/Afghanistan veteranswho had been diagnosed with PTSD by a VA provider. A total of 490 patients who hadnot received VA treatment for PTSD in the previous 2 years (31% response rate) wereasked about psychological symptoms and reasons for not using care. Stigma relatedbarriers (concerns about social consequences and discomfort with help-seeking) wererated as more salient (rated in the slightly to moderately problematic range) thaninstitutional factors (not  tting into VA care, staff skill and sensitivity, and logisticbarriers; rated in the not at all to slightly problematic range). Regression analysesrevealed that younger age and White females were associated with higher ratings on not tting into VA health care, whereas non-White males were associated with higherratings on logistic barriers. PTSD symptoms were positively associated with perceivedbarriers to care, with the most consistent results observed for PTSD avoidance symp-toms. Magnitude of effects was generally small, suggesting the possibility that otherfactors not assessed in this study may also contribute to perceptions of barriers to care.Future research should attend to the effects of stigma, as well as institutional barriersto care, on VA mental health treatment seeking.Keywords:
Alessandro Kraus music pamphlet digitization

The Alessandro Kraus Pamphlets project completed in Fall 2003 is among the first major digitization projects at Boston College. This poster describes the process of selecting and digitizing pamphlets from the Alessandro Kraus music pamphlet collection for inclusion in the Boston College Digital Library, and serves as an example for planning and choosing future digital library projects.
Development and evaluation of a micro-macro algorithm for the simulation of polymer flow

A micro-macro algorithm for the calculation of polymer flow is developed and numerically evaluated. The system being solved consists of the momentum and mass conservation equations from continuum mechanics coupled with a microscopic-based rheological model for polymer stress. Standard finite element techniques are used to solve the conservation equations for velocity and pressure, while stochastic simulation techniques are used to compute polymer stress from the simulated polymer dynamics in the rheological model. The rheological model considered combines aspects of reptation, network and continuum models. Two types of spatial approximation are considered for the configuration fields defining the dynamics in the model: piecewise constant and piecewise linear. The micro-macro algorithm is evaluated by simulating the abrupt planar die entry flow of a polyisobutylene solution described in the literature. The computed velocity and stress fields are found to be essentially independent of mesh size and ensemble size, while there is some dependence of the results on the order of spatial approximation to the configuration fields close to the die entry. Comparison with experimental data shows that the piecewise linear approximation leads to better predictions of the centerline first normal stress difference. Finally, the computational time associated with the piecewise constant spatial approximation is found to be about 2.5 times lower than that associated with the piecewise linear approximation. This is the result of the more efficient time integration scheme that is possible with the former type of approximation due to the pointwise incompressibility guaranteed by the choice of velocity-pressure finite element.
Muscle G-actin is an inhibitor of ATP-induced erythrocyte ghost shape changes and endocytosis.

Summary Muscle G-actin included in erythrocyte ghosts is an effective inhibitor, with an apparent K m ∼ 20 μg/ml, of ATP-induced shape changes and endocytosis. Pancreatic DNAase I, which forms a tightly bound complex with G-actin, prevents the actin inhibition. G-actin has no effect on the degree of phosphorylation of spectrin component 2 by ATP but it binds effectively to the ghost membrane under the conditions where it is an inhibitor of the shape changes. DNAase I and pyrophosphate significantly reduce such binding. These results are consistent with the existence of a competition between the added G-actin and the endogenous erythrocyte actin during ATP-induced shape changes and endocytosis, and therefore suggest an important function for the endogenous actin in these processes.
Sequence homology analysis of a heterogenous protein population by chemical and enzymic digestion using a two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel system.

Abstract A procedure for examining possible sequence homology between two or more proteins in a heterogenous protein mixture using a two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system is described. Three different chemical reagents (cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, and acetic acid) and three enzymes (α-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus protease) have been used as the cleavage reagents for the peptide mapping studies. Potential application of this technique in conjunction with radioactive labeling and immunological studies was also demonstrated.
Production of high octane gasoline components by hydroprocessing of coal-derived aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract The catalytic conversion of coal liquids to desirable gasoline components was modeled by the hydroprocessing of 1-methylnaphthalene. The conversion aims at a maximum yield of non-aromatic high octane gasoline components, i.e. isoparaffins and substituted cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes. Experiments were performed in one or two stages using various catalysts. The highest single-stage conversion was achieved in 10 h with a sulfided NiW/SiO2Al2O3 catalyst at 325°C and 6.7 MPa with a feed/catalyst ratio of 10:1. In the two-stage operation, 1-methylnaphthalene was first hydrogenated to methyldecalins at 325°C and 6.7 MPa with 100% conversion in 10 h using a sulfided NiMo/TiO2Al2O3 catalyst. In the second stage, the methyldecalins underwent hydrocracking at 325°C and 4.7 MPa using a Pd/REX catalyst (where REX is a rare earth exchange X-type zeolite). The results showed promise for reducing the aromatic content in coal liquids to less than 2% while achieving a potential conversion to high octane gasoline components of 62.2 wt%.
Wegener's granulomatosis mimicking skull base osteomyelitis.

Objective:To report a case of Wegener's granulomatosis mimicking skull base osteomyelitis.Case report:A case of Wegener's granulomatosis is reported in a diabetic woman presenting with facial palsy and hearing loss. The clinical course of the disease was very similar to that of skull base osteomyelitis, especially since the patient was diabetic and the ear swab was positive for pseudomonas. The definitive diagnosis was made based on clinical presentation, imaging and serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody testing. The patient was started on immunosuppressants, and her hearing loss and facial palsy recovered.Conclusion:Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic disease with various manifestations. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to reach the correct diagnosis. The clinician should be alerted to the possibility of Wegener's granulomatosis in the presence of: systemic upset out of proportion to the apparent intensity of the local lesion; middle-ear disease failing to respond to conventional treatment; and a consistently raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
The Santa Barbara oil spill Part 1: Initial quantities and distribution of pollutant crude oil

Abstract The quantity of oil which came ashore during the early stages of the Santa Barbara oil spill has been estimated from intertidal oil samples and aeirial photographs. These methods indicate that 4500 metric tons of crude oil were deposited on nearly 90 km of coast by 8 February 1969, 11 days after the spill began. Dosages in the intertidal zone varied from 2·7 to 118·1 metric tons/km. These dosage estimates suggest that the flow rate at the well was around 5000 barrels (726 metric tons)/day during the early stages of the spill. A large quantity of oil was held for varying periods of time in the surface canopies of offshore kelp beds. The interaction of wind, wave action, tides, and substrate determined the pattern of oil distribution within the intertidal zone.
Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among funeral service practitioners in Maryland.

Objective:To estimate the risk of exposure and infection with bloodborne pathogens, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted among funeral service practitioners (FSPs) in Maryland.Method:Of 262 members of the Maryland State Funeral Directors Association, 130 (49%) volunteered to participate in the study. In addition to a brief questionnaire, designed to assess both occupational and non-occupational risk factors for bloodborne pathogen infection, participants were screened for markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and past hepatitis B virus (HBV). Titers for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) also were examined and compared with history of hepatitis B vaccination.Results:Seroprevalence for HIV, HBV, and HCV infection was 0.8%, 4.6%, and 0%, respectively. Nearly 19% of participants reported at least one bloodborne exposure in the past 6 months. The one HIV infection and all but two of the HBV infections were correlated with well-established non-occupational risk behaviors. Disposable gloves were worn by 96%, and eating, drinking, or smoking during embalming were infrequent. Sixty-one percent of FSPs reported having received one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine at some time in the past. Of those who reported having received all three doses of vaccine, 67% had adequate titers to hepatitis B surface antibody, the marker of protection related to vaccination.Conclusion:Compared with prior studies of FSPs, this study found a low rate of occupational exposures and a high rate of hepatitis B vaccination, suggesting improved compliance with recommendations for preventing transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace.
First‐order wetting transition at a liquid–vapor interface

Evidence from reflectance and contact angle measurements is presented that three-phase mixtures of i-C3H7OH-C7F14 exhibit a first-order wetting phase transition at the liquid-vapor interface at 38 C. Equilibration phenomena support this interpretation. Ellipsometry was used to measure the apparent thickness of the intruding layer in the three-phase mixture. At temperatures slightly above the wetting temperature T(w), the intruding layer's thickness is several hundred angstroms and its variation with temperature is extremely weak. Below T(w), three-phase contact can occur between the vapor and both the upper and lower liquid phases; one of the angles which characterizes this contact has a very simple temperature dependence. The thickness of the intruding layer, monitored as the solutions approached equilibrium, is found to depend quite weakly on the height spanned by the upper liquid phase in the vicinity of a first-order wetting transition.
The vitamin D family revisited.

In 1977 the Journal published a review by Haussler and McCain of the basic and clinical concepts related to vitamin D metabolism and action.1 Stimulated by previous advances in our understanding of...
Microelectronics Package Design Using Experimentally-Validated Modeling and Simulation

Packaging high power radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) in low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) presents many challenges. Within the constraints of LTCC fabrication, the design must provide the usual electrical isolation and interconnections required to package the IC, with additional consideration given to RF isolation and thermal management. While iterative design and prototyping is an option for developing RFIC packaging, it would be expensive and most likely unsuccessful due to the complexity of the problem. To facilitate and optimize package design, thermal and mechanical simulations were used to understand and control the critical parameters in LTCC package design. The models were validated through comparisons to experimental results. This paper summarizes an experimentally-validated modeling approach to RFIC package design, and presents some results and key findings.
An anger-control intervention with aggressive delinquent youths

Social problem-solving skills, a self-instructional procedure, and a “thinking-ahead” procedure were taught to institutionalized, aggressive, delinquent adolescents as part of an anger-control intervention package. A multiple baseline design across four subjects and an alternating-treatments design were used. The effects of intervention were assessed on problem-solving ability, use of self-guiding verbalizations for coping with anger provoking situations, reported frequency of anger-control behaviors relative to loss of anger-control incidents, and behavioral progress within the institution. All youths showed improvement during the training of problem solving on hypothetical dilemmas, with some generalization to untrained problems. Follow-up data on some youths suggested maintenance of treatment gains. Three of the youths displayed increased usage of self-instructions and thinking-ahead statements during personal anger-provoking situations. All youths displayed an increase in self-reported anger-control behaviors relative to loss of anger-control. Improvements in behavior outside of the therapy sessions were indicated by positive behavioral progress within the institution.
The Matter of Museums

AbstractThis essay provides a theoretical framework for thinking about the role of objects in the 21st-century museum. It explores the interrelationship between experience and objects within museums from their 19th-century origins to the present, and looks at the implications of objects as experience generators. Along the way it considers the ways in which the search for experience can redefine the authenticity or power of an object, and traces connections between ideas and experience. In conclusion it argues that the ultimate consequence of acknowledging the “slippery” meanings of objects is to unleash dialogue among visitors, and reconcile object-centered and people-centered museum approaches.
Surgical and Chemotherapeutic Management of Regional Lymph Nodes in Bladder Cancer

Purpose: While approximately 25% of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer have nodal metastases, the role and extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy remain controversial. Patients with lymph node metastases have a poor prognosis despite increases in the use of an extended lymphadenectomy template and in the administration of systemic chemotherapy. We summarize the surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches to the regional spread of disease in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: We performed a PubMed® search to identify relevant bladder cancer studies, focusing on those published between 2001 and 2011.Results: There remains substantial disagreement regarding the anatomical extent of lymphadenectomy, including whether presacral and retroperitoneal lymph nodes above the aortic bifurcation should be included. Extended lymphadenectomy has been associated with improved survival in multiple studies. However, whether this relates to improved staging or a true therapeuti...
Synthesis of high-Curie-temperature Fe0.02Ge0.98 quantum dots.

Self-assembled Fe0.02Ge0.98 dilute magnetic quantum dots show a high Curie temperature above 400 K. Such extraordinary magnetic properties can potentially resolve the critical problem of power dissipation in today’s integrated circuits and lead to the realization of a new class of spintronics devices.
Information capacity and error-correction codes for the free-space optical atmospheric communication channel

We estimate the capacity of the On-Off-Keying modulated optical atmospheric turbulent channel for a wide range of turbulence conditions and evaluate efficient error-correction schemes, finding significant performance improvement for all turbulence conditions.
Moral Blindness and Moral Responsibility: What can we learn from Rhoda Penmark?

The cases devised by moral philosophers are often abstract and sterile to the point of precluding the most important function of emotion in our dealings with real people in real situations. Far from thinking that morality is exclusively a matter of rational assessment of the morally relevant features of a situation, I believe that rationality has little if anything to do with moral conduct, and I hope to illustrate this through a consideration of what precisely is amiss with Miss Penmark of The Bad Seed. [1]
Second Order Susceptibility Of Asymmetric Quantum Well Structures.

A new class of nonlinear optical materials, synthetic materials based on asymmetric QW structures and superlattices, possess large optical nonlinearities and can be engineered for a wide range of very interesting potential applications.
The Cell Cycle in Polyploid Megakaryocytes Is Associated with Reduced Activity of Cyclin B1-dependent Cdc2 Kinase

The platelet precursor, the megakaryocyte, matures to a polyploid cell as a result of DNA replication in the absence of mitosis (endomitosis). The factors controlling endomitosis are accessible to analysis in our megakaryocytic cell line, MegT, generated by targeted expression of temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T antigen to megakaryocytes of transgenic mice. We aimed to define whether endomitosis consists of a continuous phase of DNA synthesis (S) or of S phases interrupted by gaps. Analysis of the cell cycle in MegT cells revealed that, upon inactivation of large T antigen, the cells shifted from a mitotic cell cycle to an endomitotic cell cycle consisting of S/Gap phases. The level of the G1/S cyclin, cyclin A, as well as of the G1 phase cyclin, cyclin D3, were elevated at the onset of DNA synthesis, either in MegT cells undergoing a mitotic cell cycle or during endomitosis. In contrast, the level of the mitotic cyclin, cyclin B1, cycled in cells displaying a mitotic cell cycle while not detectable during endomitosis. Comparable levels of the mitotic kinase protein, Cdc2, were detected during the mitotic cell cycle or during endomitosis; however, cyclin B1-dependent Cdc2 kinase activity was largely abolished in the polyploid cells. Fibroblasts immortalized with the same heat-labile oncogene do not display reduced levels of cyclin B1 upon shifting to high temperature nor do they become polyploid, indicating that reduced levels of cyclin B1 is a property of megakaryocytes and not of the T-antigen mutant. We conclude that cellular programming during endoreduplication in megakaryocytes is associated with reduced levels of cyclin B1.
Magnetic properties of some intra-rare earth alloys

Paramagnetic susceptibilities of samarium structure alloys in the systems La--Gd, Nd--Y, Nd--Tm, and Ce--Y were measured from 4.2 to 300 deg K to determine what effect the formation of this structure had on the magnetic properties of the alloys. Susceptibility maxima were observed in the Nd--Y and Nd--Tm alloys, at 34.5 and 28.5 deg K, respectively. Slope charges were observed in the curve of 1/X versus T for the La--Gd alloy at 155 and 130 deg K, and the susceptibility of this alloy remained temperatureindependent from 130 to 7 deg K. A rather poorly defined region of constant susceptibility was also observed for the Ce--Y alloy, from 26 to 37 deg K. Above these transition temperatures, the alloys obeyed the Curie-Weiss law, the susceptibilities of the La--Gd and Ce--Y samples indicating the possibility of electron transfer occurring in these cases. (auth)
Assessing organisational culture using the competing values framework within American Triple-A baseball

This study identifies the descriptive cultural profiles of select American Triple-A Baseball (TAB) organisations by size, geographic location, wining percentage and average of annual attendance using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). In this study, an investigation of cultural types (clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchical) suggests that the organisations within TAB place more emphasis on the market culture, which has internal focus, centralised structure and goal achievement and the clan culture in terms of cohesion and trust. There was the pattern that the group of large organisations with high winning percentage and high attendance level obtained a higher score of cultural strength than the other groups. When comparing organisational culture by organisational characteristics using split-plot factorial design, a significant difference existed in the cultural strength of four cultural types on three variables: size, winning percentage and attendance level. Among these three variables, there was only one interaction found between winning percentage and organisational culture.
Surface patterning nanoparticle-based arrays

In this study, focused ion beam lithography is used to pattern different size and shape island arrays on silicon wafers. Cavity arrays of inverse shapes are then made on silicone mold surfaces by polymerization. After that, Al2O3 nanoparticle-based island arrays are created by a surface feature transfer and freeze casting process using an Al2O3 colloidal suspension. The effects of silicone mold surface wettability and freezing rate on the Al2O3 nanoparticle pattern quality are investigated. The results show that coating the silicone mold surface with a 10 nm thick Au–Pt layer makes the Al2O3 nanoparticle suspension more wetting on the mold surface and also likely reduces the dry Al2O3 nanoparticle adhesion to the mold surface. Freezing rate should be lower than 1 °C/min to avoid cracks or loose Al2O3 nanoparticle packing in the freeze cast features. When these factors are properly controlled, the reported patterning process allows reproduction of micron-size feature arrays from Al2O3 nanoparticle suspensions. The studied approach should be applicable to most nanoparticle-based materials and open numerous opportunities for direct-device fabrication.
Bovine pancreatic asparagine synthetase explored with substrate analogs and specific monoclonal antibodies

Abstract Several substrate analogs were tested for their ability to inhibit bovine pancreatic asparagine synthetase. Of the substrate analogs tested both 6-diazo-5-oxo- l -norleucine (DON) and 5-chloro-4-oxo- l -norvaline (CONV) were shown to inhibit the enzyme strongly. DON inhibited the glutaminase and glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase activities and CONV inhibited the ammonia-dependent activity as well. Both of these inhibitors appeared to be relatively tight binding since desalting failed to remove the inhibition. The inactivation of bovine pancreatic asparagine synthetase by DON is accompanied by a shift from a 47,000 molecular weight monomer to a 96,000 molecular weight dimer as observed by HPLC gel filtration chromatography. This DON-induced shift is prevented by the presence of the substrate glutamine. A monoclonal antibody known to inhibit specifically the ammonia-dependent and glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase activities but not glutaminase (monoclonal antibody 2B4) binds to both the monomer and the dimer forms of untreated enzyme, as well as to the dimer form of the DON-inactivated enzyme. On the other hand, a monoclonal antibody known to inhibit specifically the glutaminase and glutamine-dependent activities and not the ammonia-dependent asparagine synthetase (monoclonal antibody 5A6) binds to both forms of untreated enzyme but cannot bind to the DON-inactivated enzyme. These data are used to describe the relation of regions of the active site of asparagine synthetase in relation to antibody binding sites.
Quantifying posthospital care transitions in older patients.

Background Older patients frequently receive care in multiple settings. However, there has been a paucity of studies that quantify the number of care transitions or that attempt to explain utilization patterns over a given time period. Furthermore, no studies have examined transitions based on method of payment. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the number of different posthospital interinstitutional transfers (including hospital, inpatient rehabilitation facilities [IRF], and skilled nursing facilities [SNF]) by method of payment (managed Care [MC] or fee-for-service [FFS]). Design Prospective cohort followed for 12 months. Method A total of 1055 older patients were identified on transfer from an acute hospital to either an SNF or IRF. Utilization and mortality was tracked over 12 months through analysis of administrative data, chart review, nursing assessments, and patient interviews. Results After 3 months, 65.3% of MC patients and 75.6% of FFS patients experienced between two and three transfers and an additional 13.8% of MC patients and 14.6% of FFS patients experienced between four and six transfers. Over the next 9 months, the frequency of patient transfers uniformly declined in both payment groups. Conclusion This study demonstrates that interinstitutional transfers are common in older patients. The majority of these transfers occurred within the first 3 months after hospital discharge for both payment groups. Understanding the frequency and patterns of posthospital care transitions is an important step toward designing innovative approaches to improve the quality of care transitions and ensuring patient safety across settings.
Tackling a Problematic Behavior Management Issue Teachers' Intervention in Childhood Bullying Problems

In coping with and addressing a common child behavioral problem, classroom teachers may benefit from viewing bullying as a behavior management issue in the educational setting. The authors offer eight suggestions that specifically address childhood bullying problems in the classroom. Teachers can add these to their toolkit of behavior management strategies.
A convex hull algorithm for neural networks

A convex hull algorithm for neural networks is presented. It is applicable in both two and three dimensions and has a time complexity of O(N) for the offline case, O(log N) for the online case in two dimensions, and O(hN), O(N), respectively, for three dimensions (h is the number of faces in the convex hull). The constant bounding the complexity is expected to be very small. >
Effect of clinical characteristics on cognitive performance in service members and veterans with histories of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury

AbstractObjective: To examine the relationship between clinical characteristics and cognitive performance in service members and veterans with histories of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Design: This study consisted of 40 Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) service members and veterans; 20 participants reported blast exposure and alteration of mental status consistent with mTBI and 20 participants denied blast exposure and had no history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but could have experienced extra-cranial injuries. Measures of simple reaction time, processing speed, visual attention, working memory and mathematical processing were used to assess long-term effects of mTBI. Measures of post-traumatic stress symptom severity, pain intensity, sleep difficulty and subjective appraisal of cognition at time of testing were also obtained. Multivariate analyses were conducted with clinical characteristics and mTBI history as predictors of cognitive performance.Result...
Sheilagh C. Ogilvie and Markus Cerman, eds., European Proto-Industrialization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. xi + 274 pp. $59.95 cloth.

In European Proto-Industrialization, Ogilvie and Cerman give us a handy guide to this important theory of economic and social development, and to its fate as scholars tested its precepts in the early modern history of western Europe, eastern Europe, and the Nordic countries. The book's brevity is a great asset for students and scholars alike, since it outlines intelligently the basic themes and mutations of proto-industrialization. Franklin Mendels originated this idea, which describes the early stages leading to the modern Industrial Revolution, when he was a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin in the early 1970s. His theory drew a direct link from the cottage crafts produced in the European countryside to the nineteenth-century factory industry organized by modern entrepreneurs. In the early modern period—the late fifteenth century to the late eighteenth century—merchant capitalists began to orient their resources toward the new mercantile frontiers across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science

This essay makes a case for an anthropological conceptualization of culture as “semiotic practices” and demonstrates how it adds value to political analyses. “Semiotic practices” refers to the processes of meaning-making in which agents' practices (e.g., their work habits, self-policing strategies, and leisure patterns) interact with their language and other symbolic systems. This version of culture can be employed on two levels. First, it refers to what symbols do—how symbols are inscribed in practices that operate to produce observable political effects. Second, “culture” is an abstract theoretical category, a lens that focuses on meaning, rather than on, say, prices or votes. By thinking of meaning construction in terms that emphasize intelligibility, as opposed to deep-seated psychological orientations, a practice-oriented approach avoids unacknowledged ambiguities that have bedeviled scholarly thinking and generated incommensurable understandings of what culture is. Through a brief exploration of two concerns central to political science—compliance and ethnic identity-formation—this paper ends by showing how culture as semiotic practices can be applied as a causal variable.
Chemistry and engineering of catalytic hydrodesulfurization

A review with 74 refs. on catalytic hydrodesulfurization of pure compds. and petroleum feedstocks, with emphasis on reaction intermediates and structures of Al2O3-supported Ni-W and Co-Mo catalysts. [on SciFinder (R)]