cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Laws and Theories of Sliding Friction

The many seminal contributions made by Professor Nam P. Suh to the theories of wear, such as the delamination wear and the solution wear, are well known. The contributions made by him and his associates to the theories of friction, however, are less known; but they are equally significant. In this article, I first briefly survey, to provide an historical context, the laws and theories of sliding friction as proposed over the past centuries and decades. Then the contributions of Prof. Suh and his associates in recent decades are reviewed. Specifically, the role of wear particles in the frictional phenomena of dry and boundary-lubricated sliding is examined. A novel concept of undulating, or patterned, surfaces has been advanced to minimize friction in both dry and boundary-lubricated sliding. The undulating surfaces trap wear debris and thus minimize plowing friction in dry sliding, above the transition temperature in boundary-lubricated sliding, and even in hydrodynamic bearings during start/stop operations. The concept is especially appropriate for heavily loaded tribological systems with tighter clearances in which the likelihood of seizure is imminent.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Families and Faith-based Communities After a Disaster: Successes and Failures in the Wakes of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

The US Gulf Coast region experienced unprecedented destruction in the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In this chapter, we examine the role of faith-based communities in helping individuals and families cope with catastrophic property damage and storm-related displacement. Participants were current and former residents of two coastal parishes (counties) in south Louisiana. We focus on their responses to an open-ended question concerning the role of faith-based communities in helping them cope with the personal challenges they faced after the storms. Based on qualitative grounded theory methods and team-based coding, four emergent themes were identified: (1) The Hunger for Faith Community, (2) My Church Family Kept Me Going, (3) I Felt Like My Church Abandoned Me, and (4) Helping Others: Am I My Brother’s Keeper? These themes are presented along with numerous supporting and illustrative data excerpts. Implications of these narrative data for disaster preparedness and collaborative relief efforts after catastrophic disaster are considered.
Chemosterilization of Oncopeltus fasciatus. 3. Competition Between Normal and Tretamine-Sterilized Insects

Sterilization of 90% of the males in a population of the large milkweed bug, Oncopellus fasciatus (Dallas) caused a nearly proportionate reduction in the production of viable eggs during the 1st 10 days, but the effect subsequently diminished and became negligible after 20 days because of higher mortality and reduced mating activity and sperm transfer by the sterile males. For these reasons the reduction in the production of viable eggs during the entire lifespan was only about half that caused by killing 99% of the males. Indirect evidence indicated that sterilization of 90% of the females would also not be much more efficient than an initial 90% mortality. When sterile males were added to a normal population (at a 3:1 or 4:1 ratio to normal males), mating pressure on the normal females was greatly increased. The sterile males were roughly half as active (in proportion to their numbers) as normals in mating, but their matings were fully competitive in sperm transfer during the 1st 10 days. Subsequently both mating activity and sperm transfer efficiency of the surviving sterile males declined, However, there was evidence that a small fraction of the sterile males was both long lived and highly competitive. Extrapolation suggested that a ratio of 100 or more sterile males per normal male would be required to cause a population decrease, and that sterile males would have to be released more than once during a life cycle. When both sterile females and sterile males were added to a normal population, a large fraction of the male mating activity was transferred to the sterile females, and mating pressure on normal females was lowered. The lifespan of the sterile (but not the normal) males was shorter than in experiments without added sterile females. The reduction in the production of viable eggs by the normal females was similar to that produced by adding only sterile males.
The Chinese Grammar Learning System Based on the Knowledge Base

A workable Chinese grammar learning system should not only reveal the rule of Chinese grammar but also have its generative quality that shows to the learners the restricting factors,process and result of the sentence generation.With this,the author of this paper proposes a generative Chinese grammar learning system which includes three modules,namely,knowledge base,coding operation and controller.This learning system with its three modules and different functions can well reveal the generative process of the Chinese sentences and the integrating function of the knowledge base.
Significance of peptic digestion in rat pancreatic secretory response to dietary protein

The importance of peptic digestion of dietary protein in pancreatic enzyme secretion and cholecystokinin (CCK) release was investigated in conscious rats. Native casein and native bovine serum albu...
A Novel Complication of the Dall-Miles Cable Grip System Mimicking Recurrent Synovial Chondromatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Case: A 25-year-old man with synovial chondromatosis of the hip was treated with a synovectomy through a transtrochanteric approach; the repair was made with use of a Dall-Miles cable. Approximately 13 years later, the patient returned with a massive bursal reaction and a cyst containing “rice bodies.” Although the physical examination and imaging were suggestive of recurrent synovial chondromatosis, the bursal reaction actually represented a novel complication of the Dall-Miles system. Conclusion: When a patient who has had prior orthopaedic instrumentation presents with pain and imaging that demonstrates formation of a bursal cyst, a cyst containing rice bodies secondary to bursal irritation by the implant should be considered.
Accurate Dissociation of Chemical Bonds Using DFT-in-DFT Embedding Theory with External Orbital Orthogonality.

Our recent density functional theory (DFT)-in-DFT embedding protocol, which enforces intersubsystem (or external orbital) orthogonality, is used for the first time to investigate covalent bond dissociation and is shown to do so accurately. Full potential energy curves for the dissociation of a H–O bond in H2O and the C–C bond in H3C–CH3 have been constructed using the new embedding method, as have the challenging ionic bonds in LiH and LiF, and were found to match the reference Kohn–Sham (KS)-DFT curves to at least one part in 106. The added constraint of external orbital orthogonality allows for the formulation of an embedding protocol that does not rely on approximate kinetic energy functionals for the evaluation of the so-called nonadditive kinetic potential, does not introduce compensatory potentials, and does not require a total system calculation at any stage. The present work extends the demonstrated applicability of the external orthogonality variant of embedding theory by more than a factor of 2 ...
High Spatial Resolution Radiation Detection Using Distributed Fiber Sensing Technique

This paper studies perspectives on using optical fibers and distributed fiber sensing schemes to perform real-time-distributed gamma-ray radiation sensing with high spatial resolution. The radiation-induced optical property changes of aluminum-doped fibers were studied using cobalt-60 sources. The distributed optical loss of the aluminum-doped fiber was characterized using the Rayleigh backscattering optical frequency domain reflectometry (Rayleigh OFDR). The optical loss of unprotected fiber under various gamma dose rates remains linear up to 100 grays (Gy). Using the gamma radiation-sensitive fiber, the localized optical loss measured by the Rayleigh OFDR was used to map the accumulated gamma radiation dosage on the entire surface of the cylinder with a 1-cm spatial resolution. Using electrical cables as a ubiquitous sensor platforms for fiber sensor deployment, this paper explores the potential for multifunctional distributed fiber sensor by integrating distributed fiber temperature and gamma ionizing radiation sensors in electrical cables for multifunctional measurements to improve the safety of nuclear power systems at both the component and system levels. As sensors that can readily be embedded in a wide variety of materials and structures, radiation-sensitive fibers can be low-cost and highly flexible tool to gauge the performance degradation and longevity of materials and components used in the nuclear power systems.
Developing and validating a center-specific preoperative prediction calculator for risk of outcomes following major hepatectomy procedures.

Abstract Background The American College of Surgeons NSQIP® Surgical Risk Calculator (SRC) was developed to estimate postoperative outcomes. Our goal was to develop and validate an institution-specific risk calculator for patients undergoing major hepatectomy at Carolinas Medical Center (CMC). Methods Outcomes generated by the SRC were recorded for 139 major hepatectomies performed at CMC (2008–2016). Novel predictive models for seven postoperative outcomes were constructed and probabilities calculated. Brier score and area under the curve (AUC) were employed to assess accuracy. Internal validation was performed using bootstrap logistic regression. Logistic regression models were constructed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results Brier scores showed no significant difference in the predictive ability of the SRC and CMC model. Significant differences in the discriminative ability of the models were identified at the individual level. Both models closely predicted 30-day mortality (SRC AUC: 0.867; CMC AUC: 0.815). The CMC model was a stronger predictor of individual postoperative risk for six of seven outcomes (SRC AUC: 0.531–0.867; CMC AUC: 0.753–0.970). Conclusion Institution-specific models provide superior outcome predictions of perioperative risk for patients undergoing major hepatectomy. If properly developed and validated, institution-specific models can be used to deliver more accurate, patient-specific care.
Modes of Action of a Bi-domain Plant Defensin MtDef5 Against a Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris .

Defensins are small cysteine-rich endogenous host defense peptides expressed in all higher plants. They are thought to be important players in the defense arsenal of plants against fungal and oomycete pathogens. However, little is known regarding the antibacterial activity of these peptides. The genome of the model legume Medicago truncatula contains 63 genes each encoding a defensin with a tetradisulfide array. A unique bi-domain defensin, designated MtDef5, was recently characterized for its potent broad-spectrum antifungal activity. This 107-amino acid defensin contains two domains, 50 amino acids each, linked by a short peptide APKKVEP. Here, we characterize antibacterial activity of this defensin and its two domains, MtDef5A and MtDef5B, against two economically important plant bacterial pathogens, Gram-negative Xanthomonas campestris and Gram-positive Clavibacter michiganensis. MtDef5 inhibits the growth of X. campestris, but not C. michiganensis, at micromolar concentrations. MtDef5B, but not MtDef5A, exhibits more potent antibacterial activity than its parent MtDef5. MtDef5 and each of its two domains induce distinct morphological changes and cell death in X. campestris. They permeabilize the bacterial plasma membrane and translocate across membranes to the cytoplasm. They bind to negatively charged DNA indicating these peptides may kill bacterial cells byinhibiting DNA synthesis and/or transcription. The cationic amino acids present in the two γ-core motifs of MtDef5 that were previously shown to be important for its antifungal activity are also important for its antibacterial activity. MtDef5 and its more potent single domain MtDef5B have the potential to be deployed as antibacterial agents for control of a Xanthomonas wilt disease in transgenic crops.
Transgenerational Inheritance: Parental Guidance Suggested

RNAs have been attractive candidates to transmit epigenetic information over multiple generations. In Tetrahymena, a new study demonstrates that the selective degradation of small RNAs that occurs by interaction with the parental genome can communicate altered patterns of heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination in offspring.
Timing cycles of permanent pacemakers.

Understanding the timing cycles of available pacing modes is fundamental to understanding paced electrocardiograms (ECGs). It is necessary to know each component of the timing cycle and the relationship of one component to another. If the programmed parameters of the pacemaker and the expected behavior of the particular pacing mode are known, the ECG can be analyzed in an orderly and logical manner. Although timing cycles of rate-adaptive and dual-chamber pacemakers receive more attention, it is necessary to discuss the timing cycles of rate-adaptive and single-chamber pacemakers before their more complex counterparts can be understood.
Observational Problems of Macroscale Discretization

For inorganic as well as organic structures, the higher the level of organization, the larger the number of characterizing parameters and the greater the possible variety among individuals. Thus entities such as stars and galaxies, although characterizable by a relatively few parameters, none the less are more complex than their atomic constituents and exhibit a much greater range of difference between individuals than do their building blocks. In fact, except for special species of galaxies, such as EO’s, the same uniqueness of individuals seems to obtain among galaxies as is evident among living organisms. Accordingly, macro-entities, one of whose characterizing parameters is limited to a set of discrete values, may not clearly exhibit discreteness because of the perturbations contributed by the remaining parameters. Only in the case of all other parameters assuming equal values, could there be good expectation of detecting a discrete distribution in the values of one of these parameters. In other words, whenever a description is multi-parametered, an observable that depends on more than one parameter is not likely to exhibit the effect of a single parameter with any degree of purity, and the type of pure discrete distributions such as are observed in atomic spectra are not expected unless all or most of the characterizing parameters are discretized.
Helical TomoTherapy System

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments are characterized by high dose conformality to the target with steep dose gradients, so even slight patient misalignment from patient simulation to treatment could lead to a geographical miss resulting in underdosing of the target or overdosing of organs at risk (OARs). The role of the numerous imaging modalities available for SBRT treatments is crucial for precise delivery of radiation treatments. Furthermore, many treatment delivery techniques are available and may prove advantageous for site-specific SBRT treatments. In recent years, image guidance has matured sufficiently to allow acquisition of volumetric image data sets by treatment machines with the patient in the treatment position and then use registration techniques to automatically or manually align and shift the patient to the planned treatment position. This chapter discusses the use of the Tomotherapy Hi-Art® machine, which delivers Helical Tomotherapy Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and uses built-in megavoltage computerized tomography (MVCT) for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT).
Growing Up With Language: How Children Learn To Talk

"It is a gift when an academic can take a difficult subject and make it not just accessible but actually enjoyable for the average reader. Anyone who is around young children will find useful information on how humans create speech and language."--The Bloomsbury Review Children learn to make sense of the babble around them and become coherent speakers and incipient readers in just five or six years. In this remarkable book, linguist Naomi Baron takes us on a journey through language, showing the variety of ways in which children crack the language code and master the means of expression, and how parents play a vital role in the process. Every parent will see something of his or her child in the numerous and vivid examples; those whose kids don't fit preconceived norms will find reassurance and guidance in these pages. Spiced with enchanting examples of children putting their first words together, struggling to understand meaning, and coming to use language as a creative tool, Growing Up with Language reminds us that underneath all their efforts is the drive to make sense of the world.
Are nanoparticulates present in typical mineral processing practices and can they be suppressed

Airborne dust emission standards are receiving growing attention. This trend is motivated by significant health studies that have shown adverse health effects due to exposure to dust Currently, the air quality standards are not specific to particles in the nanoparticulate range (<1,000 nm). However, as our understanding of health related matters increases, it is very likely that nanoparticulate standards will be adopted. It was previously believed that typical comminution and material-handling practices could not result in airborne nanoparticulates. However, experimental studies using air monitoring and SEM have verified the presence of nanoparticulates in the air as a result of comminution and material handling. This means that emerging nanoparticulate air quality standards are a real possibility for industrial operations. With this emerging problem facing the minerals industry, effective suppression methods for nanoparticulates should be explored. Systematic studies have indicated that nanoparticulates from silica can be suppressed utilizing hygroscopic reagents such as calcium chloride. This reagent was as much as 93% more effective than water in suppressing silica nanoparticulates.
Emerging applications of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates: bioactive scaffolds, self-assembling systems, and hybrid nanomaterials

Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) are covalent constructs that link a molecule like DNA to a synthetic peptide sequences. These materials merge the programmable self-assembly of oligonucleotides with the bioactivity and chemical diversity of polypeptides. Recent years have seen the widespread use of POCs in a range of fields, driven the by relative advantages of each molecular type. In this review, we will present an overview of the synthesis and application of POCs, with an emphasis on emerging areas where these molecules will have a unique impact. We first discuss two main strategies for synthesizing POCs from synthetic monomers such as phosphoramidites and functionalized amino acids. We then describe four key fields of research in POCs: (1) biomaterials for interfacing with, and controlling the behavior of cells; (2) hybrid self-assembling systems that balance peptide and oligonucleotide intermolecular forces; (3) template-enhanced coupling of POCs into larger molecules; and (4) display of peptides on self-assembled oligonucleotide scaffolds. We also highlight several promising areas for future applications in each of these four directions, and anticipate ever increasing uses of POCs in interdisciplinary research.
Optimized piezoelectric energy harvesters for performance robust operation in periodic vibration environments

Energy harvesters with wide frequency range, long lifetime, and high output power are preferred to serve as power supplies for wireless devices. Motivated to guide the design of a robust energy harvesting platform, an analytical model based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for a laminated beam is first presented to predict the nonlinear response of the system when subjected to harmonic base acceleration and tunable magnetic forces. Following experimental validation, a multi-objective optimization based on a genetic algorithm considers how to improve the frequency range of high performance, decrease peak strain level, and maximize output power by manipulating the design of the nonlinear energy harvester. The optimization results indicate that a slightly monostable configuration is superior when taking all three aspects into consideration.
Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in Palliative Care: A Case Study and Narrative Review.

Background: Cannabis is increasingly used by persons at end of life to ameliorate symptoms such as pain, spasticity, anorexia, or anxiety. Cannabis hyperemesis is a distressing adverse effect of chronic use and may cause significant morbidity. Unfortunately, the clinical presentation of this syndrome may be subtle in a person with complex medical issues or disability. Providers must remain vigilant for possible variations in presentation in these populations. Aim: To assess literature on cannabis hyperemesis and present unique considerations for clinical assessment and treatment for patients at end of life. Design: Initial literature scoping yielded limited evidence on the subject in the setting of chronic disease and disability. A case of cannabis hyperemesis in a person with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is presented to illustrate challenges in diagnosis and management in this setting. A narrative synthesis of current literature on assessment and management and special considerations for evaluation and treatment for patients under palliative care was performed. Results: Several unique considerations for the diagnosis and management of cannabis hyperemesis in palliative care patients are highlighted in the case presented, including: (1) Symptoms may possibly be abolished through decrease rather than complete abstinence from cannabis, (2) Frequent hot baths may not be present in patients with physical impairments in activities of daily living, and (3) Management of primary symptoms (pain, spasticity, nausea, and anxiety) in the end-of-life care patient must be considered to maximize comfort. Conclusion: The presentation of cannabis hyperemesis may be atypical in palliative care patients due to disability. More work is needed to improve risk stratification for patients using cannabis for palliative care.
Concurrent Negative-Pressure Pulmonary Edema (NPPE) and Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) after Upper Airway Obstruction

Upper airway obstruction is a potentially life-threatening emergency often encountered in the acute care, perioperative, and critical care settings. One important complication of acute obstruction is negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE). We describe two cases of acute upper airway obstruction, both of which resulted in flash pulmonary edema complicated by acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Though NPPE was suspected, these patients were also found to have Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Neither patient had prior cardiac disease, and both subsequently had a negative ischemic workup. Because TTS is a condition triggered by hyperadrenergic states, the acute airway obstruction alone or in combination with NPPE was the likely explanation for TTS in each case. These cases highlight the importance of also considering cardiogenic causes of pulmonary edema in the setting of upper airway obstruction, which we suspect generates a profound catecholamine surge and places patients at increased risk of TTS development.
Biocontrol strains differentially shift the genetic structure of indigenous soil populations of Aspergillus flavus.

Biocontrol using non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus has the greatest potential to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in agricultural produce. However, factors that influence the efficacy of biocontrol agents in reducing aflatoxin accumulation under field conditions are not well-understood. Shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil populations of A. flavus following application of biocontrol products Afla-Guard and AF36 were investigated to determine how these changes can influence the efficacy of biocontrol strains in reducing aflatoxin contamination. Soil samples were collected from maize fields in Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina in 2012 and 2013 to determine changes in the population genetic structure of A. flavus in the soil following application of the biocontrol strains. A. flavus L was the most dominant species of Aspergillus section Flavi with a frequency ranging from 61 to 100%, followed by Aspergillus parasiticus that had a frequency of 0.05) differences in the frequency of individuals with MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 for clone-corrected MLH data, an indication of a recombining population resulting from sexual reproduction. Population mean mutation rates were not different across temporal and spatial scales indicating that mutation alone is not a driving force in observed multilocus sequence diversity. Clustering based on principal component analysis identified two distinct evolutionary lineages (IB and IC) across all three states. Additionally, patristic distance analysis revealed phylogenetic incongruency among single locus phylogenies which suggests ongoing genetic exchange and recombination. Levels of aflatoxin accumulation were very low except in North Carolina in 2012, where aflatoxin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in grain from treated compared to untreated plots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Afla-Guard was more effective than AF36 in shifting the indigenous soil populations of A. flavus toward the non-toxigenic or low aflatoxin producing IB lineage. These results suggest that Afla-Guard, which matches the genetic and ecological structure of indigenous soil populations of A. flavus in Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina, is likely to be more effective in reducing aflatoxin accumulation and will also persist longer in the soil than AF36 in the southeastern United States.
Magnetic ionic liquids: interactions with bacterial cells, behavior in aqueous suspension, and broader applications

Previously, we demonstrated capture and concentration of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica ser. Typhimurium using magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), followed by rapid isothermal detection of captured cells via recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Here, we report work intended to explore the broader potential of MILs as novel pre-analytical capture reagents in food safety and related applications. Specifically, we evaluated the capacity of the ([P66614+][Ni(hfacac)3−]) (“Ni(II)”) MIL to bind a wider range of human pathogens using a panel of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates, including a “deep rough” strain of S. Minnesota. We extended this exploration further to include other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae of food safety and clinical or agricultural significance. Both the Ni(II) MIL and the ([P66614+][Dy(hfacac)4−]) (“Dy(III)”) MIL were evaluated for their effects on cell viability and structure-function relationships behind observed antimicrobial activities of the Dy(III) MIL were determined. Next, we used flow imaging microscopy (FIM) of Ni(II) MIL dispersions made in model liquid media to examine the impact of increasing ionic complexity on MIL droplet properties as a first step towards understanding the impact of suspension medium properties on MIL dispersion behavior. Finally, we used FIM to examine interactions between the Ni(II) MIL and Serratia marcescens, providing insights into how the MIL may act to capture and concentrate Gram-negative bacteria in aqueous samples, including food suspensions. Together, our results provide further characterization of bacteria-MIL interactions and support the broader utility of the Ni(II) MIL as a cell-friendly capture reagent for sample preparation prior to cultural or molecular analyses.
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

e19026Background: Cancer surgeries performed at high case volume centers (hCVCs) are associated with improved surgical and clinical outcomes. Resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) is not commo...
Rapid Versus Laboratory-Based Testing for HIV and Hepatitis C at a Drug Detoxification Treatment Center: A Randomized Trial.

Background A health department survey revealed nearly half employ laboratory-based HIV and HCV testing (LBT) over rapid testing (RT) in nonhospital settings such as drug detoxification centers. LBT has higher sensitivity for acute HIV infection compared to RT but LBT is not point of care and may result in fewer diagnoses due to loss to follow-up before result delivery. Methods We conducted a randomized trial comparing real-world case notification of RT (Orasure) vs LBT (HIV Combo Ag/Ab EIA, HCV EIA) for HIV and HCV at a drug detoxification center. Primary outcome was receipt of test results within 2 weeks. Results Among 341 individuals screened (11/2016-7/2017), 200 met inclusion criteria; 58% injected drugs and 31% shared needles in the previous 6 months. Of the 200 randomized, 98 received RT and 102 LBT. Among all participants, 0.5% were positive for HIV and 48% for HCV; 96% received test results in the RT arm and 42% in the LBT arm (odds ratio, 28.72; 95% confidence interval, 10.27-80.31). Real-world case notification was 95% and 93% for HIV and HCV RT, respectively, compared to 42% for HIV and HCV LBT. Conclusions RT has higher real-world case notification than LBT at drug detoxification centers.Clinical trials registration: NCT02869776.
A micro-analytic approach to understanding electronic health record navigation paths.

Abstract Clinician task performance is significantly impacted by the navigational efficiency of the system interface. Here we propose and evaluate a navigational complexity framework useful for examining differences in electronic health record (EHR) interface systems and their impact on task performance. The methodological approach includes 1) expert-based methods—specifically, representational analysis (focused on interface elements), keystroke level modeling (KLM), and cognitive walkthrough; and 2) quantitative analysis of interactive behaviors based on video-captured observations. Medication administration record (MAR) tasks completed by nurses during preoperative (PreOp) patient assessment were studied across three Mayo Clinic regional campuses and three different EHR systems. By analyzing the steps executed within the interfaces involved to complete the MAR tasks, we characterized complexities in EHR navigation. These complexities were reflected in time spent on task, click counts, and screen transitions, and were found to potentially influence nurses’ performance. Two of the EHR systems, employing a single screen format, required less time to complete (mean 101.5, range 106–97 s), respectively, compared to one system employing multiple screens (176 s, 73% increase). These complexities surfaced through trade-offs in cognitive processes that could potentially influence nurses’ performance. Factors such as perceptual-motor activity, visual search, and memory load impacted navigational complexity. An implication of this work is that small tractable changes in interface design can substantially improve EHR navigation, overall usability, and workflow.
Exterior square gamma factors for cuspidal representations of GLn: finite field analogs and level-zero representations

We follow Jacquet-Shalika [7], Matringe [12] and Cogdell-Matringe [3] to define exterior square gamma factors for irreducible cuspidal representations of $${\rm{G}}{{\rm{L}}_n}({\mathbb{F}_q})$$ . These exterior square gamma factors are expressed in terms of Bessel functions associated to the cuspidal representations. We also relate our exterior square gamma factors over finite fields to those over local fields through level-zero representations.
Increasing the specificity of AAV-based gene editing through self-targeting and short promoter strategies

Our group previously used adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) to express an engineered meganuclease specific for a sequence in the PCSK9 gene (M2PCSK9), a clinical target for treating coronary heart disease. Upon testing this nuclease in non-human primates, we observed specific editing characterized by several insertions and deletions (indels) in the target sequence as well as indels in similar genomic sequences. We hypothesized that high nuclease expression increases off-target editing. Here, we reduced nuclease expression using two strategies. The first was a self-targeting strategy that involved inserting the M2PCSK9 target sequence into the AAV genome that expresses the nuclease and/or fusing the nuclease to a specific peptide to promote its degradation. The second strategy used a shortened version of the parental promoter to reduce nuclease expression. Mice administered with these second-generation AAV vectors showed reduced PCSK9 expression due to the nuclease on-target activity and reduced off-target activity. All vectors induced a stable reduction of PCSK9 in primates treated with self-targeting and short-promoter AAVs. Compared to the meganuclease-expressing parental AAV vector, we observed a significant reduction in off-target activity. In conclusion, we increased the in vivo nuclease specificity using a clinically relevant strategy that can be applied to other genome-editing nucleases.
The Female Athlete

The female athlete may present with unique gender-related sport-related problems. Commonly known as the female athlete triad, now described as relative energy deficiency state in sports or REDs is a syndrome more common in females involving low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and poor bone health. This is a syndrome that must be recognized early and approached with a multidisciplinary team. Acute injuries like ACL tears are more common in the female athlete; therefore focus should be established on preventive programs and adequate rehabilitation protocols that take into account intrinsic factors commonly found in women. Lastly, controversies regarding the safety of exercise during and post pregnancy exist, but the evidence is clear in that exercise provides many health benefits not only to the mother but also to the baby; therefore specific considerations must be undertaken, but exercise should be prescribed in this population.
Effects of phosphodiesterase V inhibition alone and in combination with BNP on cardiovascular and renal response to volume load in human preclinical diastolic dysfunction.

Preclinical diastolic dysfunction (PDD) results in impaired cardiorenal response to volume load (VL) which may contribute to the progression to clinical heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The objective was to evaluate if phosphodiesterase V inhibition (PDEVI) alone or combination PDEVI plus B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) administration will correct the impaired cardiorenal response to VL in PDD. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled cross-over study was conducted in 20 subjects with PDD, defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >50% with moderate or severe diastolic dysfunction by Doppler echocardiography and without HF diagnosis or symptoms. Effects of PDEVI with oral tadalafil alone and tadalafil plus subcutaneous (SC) BNP, administered prior to acute volume loading, were assessed. Tadalafil alone did not result in improvement in cardiac response to VL, as measured by LVEF, LV end diastolic volume, left atrial volume (LAV), or right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Tadalafil plus SC BNP resulted in improved cardiac response to VL, with increased LVEF (4.1 vs. 1.8%, p = 0.08) and heart rate (4.3 vs. 1.6 bpm, p = 0.08), and reductions in both LAV (-4.3 ± 10.4 vs. 2.8 ± 6.6 ml, p = 0.03) and RVSP (-4.0 ± 3.0 vs. 2.1 ± 6.0 mmHg, p < 0.01) versus tadalafil alone. Plasma and urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) excretion levels were higher (11.3 ± 12.3 vs. 1.7 ± 3.8 pmol/ml, 1851.0 ± 1386.4 vs. 173.4 ± 517.9 pmol/min, p < 0.01) with tadalafil plus SC BNP versus tadalafil alone. There was no improvement in renal response as measured by GFR, renal plasma flow, sodium excretion, and urine flow with tadalafil plus SC BNP compared to tadalafil alone. In subjects with PDD, tadalafil alone resulted in no improvement in cardiac adaptation, while tadalafil and SC BNP resulted in enhanced cardiac adaptation to VL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01544998.
The Intersection of the SDGs: A Critical Analysis of Current Progress

In 2015, following the end of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the impetus to continue where the MDGs failed and to develop new goals toward improving the health and lives of people around the world (United Nations [UN], 2019). As Bangert et al. (2017) note, the SDGs “build upon the MDGs in order to address the ‘unfinished business’ of the MDG timeframe” (p. 1). With over 300 indicators across 17 goals (UN, 2019), the SDGs are ambitious in scope and laudable for their focus on tackling some of the world’s greatest challenges. Despite its efforts, the SDGs have shown signs of poor progress, with many of them at risk of failing to meet their objectives (UN, 2019). Three SDGs—SDG3 (health and well-being), SDG10 (inequity), and SDG16 (peace and justice)—are of particular interest because of their interconnectedness, potential magnitude of impact, and poor progress to date. In concert, these SDGs are fundamental to ensuring sustainable improvements, yet lack of coordinated integration, accountability, and prioritization of funds threatens their success. This paper provides a critical analysis of the current progress and feasibility of accomplishing these three SDGs. Each SDG is evaluated on its own merit, with implications for global health and relevant challenges, followed by discussion of resources and requirements needed to ensure their path toward success. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: We have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Correction of Genetic Gonadotropic Hormone-Releasing Hormone Deficiency by Preoptic Area Transplants

The hypogonadal (hpg) mutant mouse appeared in a breeding colony at Harwell, England. The mutant mice of both sexes fail to show any sign of postnatal gonadal or accessory sexual tissue development. However, sexual differentiation proceeds normally up to birth. Hormone assays and immunoperoxidase staining indicate that the primary cause of the hypogonadism is due to a severe deficiency in the hypothalamic releasing hormone [gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)] that governs pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release. In view of previous studies demonstrating that transplants of embryonic mammalian CNS tissue survive, differentiate, and become anatomically integrated with the CNS of neonatal and adult mammalian recipients,1–16 we were interested to see if transplants of normal fetal tissue could correct this genetically induced CNS defect. For the transplant material, we used fetal preoptic area (POA), a primary site of GnRH cell bodies. To more fully understand the nature of the results obtained, it is necessary to first briefly review the normal regulation of the hypothalamic—pituitary—gonadal axis and the details of the nature of the gonadal deficiency of the hpg animal.
Interventional Procedures for Musculoskeletal Pain in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Efficacy and Safety

Musculoskeletal pain is a common occurrence in pregnancy and postpartum. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is now a well-recognized entity that is prevalent in 20 % of women during pregnancy and after delivery and is known to occur by itself or in association with low back pain (LBP). This can seriously impact the quality of life of women and have socioeconomic impact from loss of days from work. Symptomatic treatment, relative rest, avoidance of maladaptive movements, and an individually tailored physical therapy program are the treatment strategies that have been shown to be marginally effective. Lack of timely diagnosis and interventions has been associated with increased risk of having prolonged labor, instrumental and operative delivery which may further increase the chances of having PGP in the postpartum period in addition to increasing the risks for the baby. The management options particularly nonsurgical interventions are underutilized due to lack of comprehensive knowledge on approach and fear of inducing risks to the unborn fetus by healthcare professionals. In this chapter, we discuss the treatment approach and the efficacy and safety of the nonsurgical interventional procedures in the management of lumbopelvic pain in pregnancy and postpartum period based on existing evidence in literature and our personal experience.
The Economics of Abundance: A Political Economy of Freedom, Equity, and Sustainability – By Wolfgang Hoeschele

The article reviews the book "The Economics of Abundance: A Political Economy of Freedom, Equity, and Sustainability" by Wolfgang Hoeschele.
Medical plan-analysis: the attending system

The ATTENDING system has been developed to critique a physician's plan of anesthetic management, and is currently being used experimentally for teaching anesthesia residents. ATTENDING's approach, Medical Plan-Analysis, offers a number of potential social, medical, and medicolegal advantages over systems which simulate a physician's decision-making process, and which therefore have the clinical effect of trying to tell a physician how to practice medicine. Central to Medical Plan-Analysis is the need to identify, assess, and discuss any pertinent risks and risk tradeoffs.
A student project in 3D graphics

We describe a project in 3D perspective graphics, which was implemented by the students in our computer graphics class. We explain our objectives and the basic concept behind the project, as well as the components used to construct it. We also describe how the students divided the work among themselves. Finally, we explain how the final presentation worked, and how the results satisfied our initial objectives.
Hypertrehalosemic hormone in a cockroach: molecular cloning and expression

Abstract Hypertrehalosemic hormone (HTH) is a neuropeptide in the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family that stimulates the synthesis of trehalose, the main blood sugar of many insects. The preproHTH of the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis was cloned from the corpora cardiaca (CC), the endocrine source for HTH, and the deduced sequence and organization of preproHTH were compared with other AKH/RPCH precursors. PreproHTH mRNA was determined to be ∼0.5 kb in length as predicted by DNA sequence analysis. Northern blot analysis of the CC, ventral nerve cord, brain and fat body detected HTH-mRNA only in the CC. Levels of the HTH transcript in the CC were determined according to age, gender and mating. The HTH message was most abundant in the CC during the first several days of adult life in both sexes, then declined by 50% and were stable. HTH-mRNA levels in the CC did not respond to mating.
Dependence of Neutron Total Cross Sections on Energy for 100 ≤ En ≤ 500 MeV and Mass Number for 7 ≤ A ≤ 238

Two recent measurement programs have yielded an extensive body of neutron total cross-section data for a number of targets at energies up to 500 MeV. Recently, it has been shown that the simple Ram...
Fixed bed reactors with catalyst poisoning - first order kinetics.

The long performance of an isothermal fixed bed reactor undergoing catalyst poisoning is theoretically analyzed using the dispersion model. First order reaction with dth order deactivation is assumed and the model equations are solved by matched asymptotic expansions for large Peclet number. Simple closed-form solutions, uniformly valid in time, are obtained.
Dynamical influences of precipitation assimilation on regional downscaling

[1] Precipitation assimilation has previously been found to be useful for improving regional climate model simulations of the surface water and energy cycles. Here we show that upper-level dynamical features are also better simulated. In particular, noticeable improvements in the intensity and location of the subtropical upper-level westerly jet and associated transverse circulations were found in a regional climate model simulation of the 1993 heavy summertime precipitation over the midwestern United States. We suggest that the increased rainfall directly over the upper Mississippi River Basin during the 1993 summer was linked with the location of the upper-level jet, and its associated transverse circulation, in addition to increased low-level summertime meridional moisture transport from the Gulf of Mexico.
Functional Interactions between Estrogen and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Regulation of α1B-Adrenoceptors and Female Reproductive Function

The ovarian hormone estradiol (E 2 ) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) interact in the CNS to regulate neuroendocrine function and synaptic remodeling. Previously, our laboratory showed that 2 d E 2 treatment induces α 1B -adrenoceptor expression and promotes IGF-I enhancement of α 1 -adrenoceptor potentiation of cAMP accumulation in the preoptic area (POA) and hypothalamus (HYP). This study examined the hypothesis that E 2 -dependent aspects of female reproductive function, including α 1B -adrenoceptor expression and function in the POA and HYP, are mediated by brain IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs) in female rats. Ovariohysterectomized rats were implanted with a guide cannula aimed at the third ventricle and treated in vivo with vehicle or E 2 daily for 2 d before experimentation. Intracerebroventricular infusions of JB-1, a selective IGF-IR antagonist, were administered every 12 hr beginning 1 hr before the first E 2 injection. Administration of JB-1 during E 2 priming completely blocks hormone-induced luteinizing hormone release and partially inhibits hormone-dependent reproductive behavior. Reproductive behavior is restored by intracerebroventricular infusion of 8-bromo-cGMP, the second messenger implicated in α 1 -adrenergic facilitation of lordosis. In addition, blockade of IGF-IRs during E 2 priming prevents E 2 -induced increases in α 1B -adenoceptor binding density and abolishes acute IGF-I enhancement of NE-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HYP and POA slices. These data document the existence of a novel mechanism by which IGF-I participates in the remodeling of noradrenergic receptor signaling in the HYP and POA after E 2 treatment. These events may help coordinate the timing of ovulation with the expression of sexual receptivity.