cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE PADE APPROXIMANT

Abstract We present a method in which the Pade approximant is used to calculate the asymptotic behavior of a function from the first few terms of its power series. We illustrate this method by two examples and give a partial justification of it. One of the examples is a calculation of the binding energy of a Fermi gas of hard spheres.
Cytological observations on the fine structure of the guinea pig ovary with special reference to the oogonium, primary oocyte and associated follicle cells.

The ovary of sexually mature non-pregnant guinea pigs has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The electron micrographs of oogonia reveal a large nucelus with an irregular nucleolus composed of dense granules arranged in reticular fashion. In the cytoplasm are many mitochondria and a few elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. The large “yolk nucleus” is osmiophilic after preparing material by Kolatchew's technique. Submicroscopically, this body is composed of many double membrane lamellae and vesicles of varying sizes. It is referred to as Golgi material. The plasma membrane of oogonia is smooth and in direct contact with that of the flattened follicular epithelial cells. The cytoplasm of primary oocytes contains many vesicles, regions displaying small masses of Golgi complexes, multivesicular bodies, mitochondria and a scant amount of cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane is thrown into protoplasmic projections in the form of microvilli. The cytoplasm of cells forming the corona radiata consists of the same cytoplasmic constituents as the oogonium and primary oocyte. The endoplasmic reticulum, however, is more highly organized. These cells appear stellate and their processes end on the plasma membrane of the oocyte in the form of desmosome-like areas. The zona pellucida appears to be composed of a homogeneous, apparently structureless, material of relatively low density. Within this material are embedded the microvilli of the primary oocyte and the processes of the follicle cells. A suggestion is made concerning a possible mode by which the primary oocyte receives its nutrient materials.
Protein conformation and disease: pathological consequences of analogous mutations in homologous proteins.

The antibody light chain variable domain (VL)1 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) are representatives of the functionally diverse immunoglobulin superfamily. The VL is a subunit of the antigen-binding component of antibodies, while MPZ is the major membrane-linked constituent of the myelin sheaths that coat peripheral nerves. Despite limited amino acid sequence homology, the conformations of the core structures of the two proteins are largely superimposable. Amino acid variations in VL account for various conformational disease outcomes, including amyloidosis. However, the specific amino acid changes in VL that are responsible for disease have been obscured by multiple concurrent primary structure alterations. Recently, certain demyelination disorders have been linked to point mutations and single amino acid polymorphisms in MPZ. We demonstrate here that some pathogenic variations in MPZ correspond to changes suspected of determining amyloidosis in VL. This unanticipated observation suggests that studies of th...
Prenominal Adjective Order and Visual Discrimination in Children.

Abstract Preschool and third-grade children heard prenominal adjective phrases describing an object. Each phrase contained an article, two adjectives and a head noun. The phrases were constructed with either normal or inverted adjective order. Either after a one second delay or immediately following phrase presentation, Subjects were shown pictures of two objects. One of the objects (target) depicted the object described in the noun phrase. The other object differed from the target along the dimensions of color, size, or both color and size. The Subject's task was to select the target object. It was predicted that adjective order would influence perceptual strategies used by the Subjects in the visual discrimination task. Analysis of response time scores showed that adjective order interacted with the relevant discriminative stimuli in the discrimination task. These results were interpreted as support for hypotheses that suggest that linguistic organization can constrain conceptual processing involving nonlinguistic information. The effects of the delay condition provided additional evidence for these hypotheses plus support for an arousal hypothesis.
Defining happiness for young adults with schizophrenia: a building block for recovery.

Abstract Purpose : Findings from this mixed methods descriptive study include a definition of happiness for young adults with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods: Thirteen men and women, ages 23 to 35, completed a series of three individual 1-hour interviews over 6weeks. Results: This definition included themes of material happiness, relational happiness, and health happiness. Although these themes correspond to those for young adults without SCZ, four barriers to happiness were identified for this vulnerable population: 1) fear, 2) isolation, 3) medication, 4) not being considered "normal." Conclusions: Implications of these findings include designing interventions to support recovery by overcoming barriers to happiness.
The spatial distribution of shallow-water (<150 m) black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Hawaiian Archipelago

The Hawaiian Archipelago contains some of the best surveyed black coral populations on the globe; however, most previous surveys have grouped all black coral species into a single category. As a result, the unique ecological features of individual species have not been identified. This study mapped the spatial distribution of eight antipatharian species (Antipathes griggi, Antipathes grandis, Cirrhipathes cf. anguina, Stichopathes echinulata, Stichopathes? sp., Aphanipathes verticillata, Acanthopathes undulata and Myriopathes cf. ulex) found in shallow-waters (<150 m) along the Hawaiian Archipelago, and compared data on substrate type, depth and temperature among species. All black coral species were exclusively recorded on hard substrates and were generally widely distributed along the Hawaiian Islands. Additionally, antipatharian species were found at overlapping depths and temperatures, although there were significant differences in the mean depths and temperatures between most species. In cases where species did not have significant differences in mean depths, the overlapping species had different colony and polyp morphologies, which may serve to minimize competition by allowing species to grow most efficiently under particular current regimes. This study represents one of the first to map the spatial distribution of sympatric antipatharian species, and indicates that individual species exploit unique environments in terms of depth and temperature or have unique morphologies to avoid overlap.
790-4 The Prognostic Importance of Anterior ST-Segment Depression in Inferior Myocardial Infarctions: Results in 16,185 Patients

The prognostic significance of anterior ST-segment depression (ST DEP) in patients with an acute inferior MI remains controversial, in part because of limited sample size in previous studies. Using data from the GUSTO trial, we investigated the clinical outcomes of 16,185 patients with inferior MI. 12,019(74.3%) of these patients had at least 0.1 mV ST DEP in leads Vl–V3 on initial EKG as determined by Core Lab review. Patients with anterior ST DEP were older and more likely to be female or have a history of smoking. Patients with anterior ST DEP also had significantly higher peak CPK levels Imean 2,520 vs. 1,216 ng/dL, p l 0.01). Of the 7,455 (46%) patients with an inferior MI who received cardiac catheterization, those with anterior ST DEP had similar rates of LAD disease (24.8% vs 24.9%, p g 0.5), and multivessel disease (31.1% vs. 29.4%, P g 0.25), but a significantly lower mean LVejection fraction (53.8% vs. 56.4%, p l 0.01) compared with those without ST DEP. In-hospital complications and 3D-day mortality results as a function of the sum of anterior ST DEP are displayed below: Sum of Anterior % %2°–3° % %30-day ST DEP (mV) Killip ≥ 3 * AV Block * Reinfarction Mortality * None (n = 4,166) 3.9 9.6 3.4 3.2 0.1-0.2 (n = 4,449) 5.3 11.2 4.4 3.6 03-0.4 (n = 3,328) 5.6 11.9 4.3 4.4 ≥ 0.5 In = 4,244) 9.2 14.5 4.6 6.6 * p l 0.001 comparing inferior MI patients with and without anterior STDEP Conclusion Among inferior MI patients, the presence of anterior STsegment depression predicted larger infarctions and predicted worse postMI LV function. Although the overall rates of complications and mortality were low in inferior AMI patients, these risks increased substantially with increasing anterior ST depression. Thus, the magnitude of anterior ST de-pression may be applied to stratify risk in inferior MI patients.
How Do You Make A Time Series Sing Like a Choir? Extracting Embedded Frequencies from Economic and Financial Time Series using Empirical Mode Decomposition

Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was developed late last century, but has still to be introduced to the vast majority of economists. EMD was originally one of the components of Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) which was a process of extracting the frequency mode features of cycles embedded in any time series using an adaptive data method which can be applied without making any assumption about stationarity or linear data-generating properties of time series. This paper introduces economists to the two constituent parts of the HHT transform, namely EMD and the Hilbert Spectrum, and also a new variant of this methodology, Ensemble EMD (EEMD). Several illustrative applications using the methodology are also included.
The halting problem for linear turing assemblers

Turing assemblers are Turing machines which operate on n-dimensional tapes under restrictions which characterize a procedure of assembly rather than computation, and which are intended as an abstraction of certain algorithmic processes of molecular biology. It has been previously shown that Turing assemblers with n-dimensional tapes can simulate arbitrary Turing machines for all n>1. Here it is shown that for n=1 even nondeterministic Turing assemblers have a sharply restricted computational capability, being able to successfully assemble only regular sets. The halting problem for linear Turing assemblers is therefore algorithmically solvable, and a characterization of the set of achievable final assemblies will be given as a subclass of the context-free languages.
A Unified Optical Symbolic Processor

An optical symbolic processor that performs logic, numeric, morphological and propositional calculus operations is described and initial laboratory results are presented.
Effects of Protective Drugs on Gastric Alkaline Secretion in Man

This study was designed to determine the effects of sucralfate, De-Nol®, and Maalox 70® on gastric HCO3 secretion in 34 healthy humans. Alkaline secretion was measured after pretreatment with ranitidine to abolish H+ secretion, using a constant perfusion-aspiration system and back-titration of the perfusates to the original pH 6.0. Luminal release of PGEz was also measured in the gastric perfusates. Addition of sucralfate or De-Nol resulted in increments of gastric HCO3 secretion, reaching about 45% and 59%, respectively, of the maximal HCO3 response to 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2). The highest response to Maalox 70 reached about 21% of dmPGE2 maximum. These effects of sucralfate, De-Nol, and Maalox 70 were accompanied by a significant increase in luminal release of PGE2. Pretreatment with atropine reduced basal and, in part, sucralfate-, De-Nol-, and Maalox 70-induced alkaline secretion, whereas pirenzepine did not affect this secretion. Aspirin reduced the release of PGE2 by about 80% and suppressed alm...
Attenuation of Enkephalin Activity in Neuroblastoma × Glioma NG108—15 Hybrid Cells by Phospholipases

The role of membrane phospholipids in enkephalin receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity in neuroblastoma X glioma NG108-15 hybrids was studied by selective hydrolysis of lipids with phospholipases. When NG108-15 cells were treated with phospholipase C from Clostridium welchii at 37 degrees C, an enzyme concentration--dependent decrease in adenylate cyclase activity was observed. The basal and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were more sensitive to phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) treatment than were the NaF-5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)-sensitive adenylate cyclase activities. Further, Leu5-enkephalin inhibition of basal or PGE1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was attenuated by phospholipase C treatment, characterized by a decrease of enkephalin potency and of maximal inhibitory level. [3H]D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide binding revealed a decrease in receptor affinity with no measurable reduction in number of binding sites after phospholipase C treatment. Although opiate receptor was still under the regulation of guanine nucleotide after phospholipase C treatment, adenylate cyclase activity was more sensitive to the stimulation of Gpp(NH)p. Thus, the reduction of opiate agonist affinity was not due to the uncoupling of opiate receptor from N-component. Further, treatment of NG108-15 hybrid cell membrane with phospholipase C at 24 degrees C produced analogous attenuation of enkephalin potency and efficacy without alteration in receptor binding. The reduction in enkephalin potency could be reversed by treating NG108-15 membrane with phosphatidylcholine, but not with phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or cerebroside sulfate. The enkephalin activity in NG108-15 cells was not altered by treating the cells with phospholipase A2 o phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. Hence, apparently, there was a specific lipid dependency in enkephalin inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Initiates Intracellular Signaling in a Transitional Carcinoma Cell Line by Cross-Linking α5β1 Integrin

ABSTRACTPurpose: The adherence of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to the surface of transitional carcinoma tumor cells initiates nuclear factor (NF)-κB signal transduction pathways that modulate the expression of proteins important in the antitumor response to BCG. We tested the hypothesis that BCG initiates NF-κB signaling as a consequence of cross-linking α5β1 integrin receptors present on the tumor cell surface.Materials and Methods: The effect of α5β1 antibody mediated cross-linking on interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression, IL-6 promoter activation and activation of a specific NF-κB reporter construct was determined. A series of reporter constructs containing nonfunctional mutations in the AP-1, NF-IL-6 and NF-κB sites were used to determine the relative importance of these response elements in α5β1 cross-linking mediated activation of the IL-6 promoter. A final series of experiments assessed the role of α5β1 receptor occupancy by fibronectin (FN) in initiating antibody or BCG mediated signaling.Results: ...
Endoscopic forehead rejuvenation: I. Limitations, flaws, and rewards.

Background: The efficacy of endoscopic forehead rejuvenation has been questioned. However, many proponents of the technique are convinced that this procedure is indeed an optimal choice for the majority of patients desiring forehead rejuvenation and have found the means of preventing adversities. Methods: The purpose of this article is to discuss the common features and reasons for suboptimal endoscopic forehead rejuvenation outcomes and avoidance of these flaws based on the author’s experience with 372 procedures. Results: These imperfections include inadequate muscle resection, under- or overelevation of the eyebrows, asymmetry, glabellar dimpling or depression, displeasing eyebrow arch, and excessive separation of the eyebrows. Conclusions: In this report, the details of these flawed outcomes are discussed, and the ways in which they can be avoided or corrected are reviewed to improve the learning curve for less-experienced surgeons and to aid in producing more predictable and pleasing results.
Vision-based overhead view person recognition

Person recognition is a fundamental problem faced in any computer vision system. This problem is relatively easy if the frontal view is available, however, it gets intractable in the absence of the frontal view. We have provided a framework, which tries to solve this problem using the top view of the person. A special scenario of "smart conference room" is considered. Although, not much information is available in the top view, we have shown that by making use of DTC and Bayesian networks the output of the various sensors can be combined to solve this problem. The results presented in the end show that we can do person recognition (pose independent) with 96% accuracy for a group of 12 people. For pose dependent case, we have achieved 100% accuracy. Finally we have provided a framework to achieve this in real time.
Genome Sequence of Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum MP-01T, the First Cultivated Member of Acidobacteria Subdivision 23, Isolated from a Hot Spring

Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum MP-01(T) is currently the only cultivated and described member of Acidobacteria subdivision 23. Here, we report the genome sequence for this novel microorganism that was isolated from a hot spring.
The Combination of Elastase and Sulfur Dioxide Exposure Causes COPD-Like Lesions in the Rat

M r. Chairman, ladies, and gentlemen. First of all, my thanks to Professor Petty and the organizing committee for the kind invitation to participate in the Aspen Conference, and also Tom, for your warm welcome and the support I got in those disturbing days when my wife became ill. I am very glad to be able to give a short survey of the Dutch hypothesis (dubbed by Fletcher); there are too many descriptions that are incomplete and often confusing.
Functional Heterogeneity of Inferior Frontal Gyrus Is Shaped by Linguistic Experience

A crosslinguistic, positron emission tomography (PET) study was conducted to determine the influence of linguistic experience on the perception of segmental (consonants and vowels) and suprasegmental (tones) information. Chinese and English subjects (10 per group) were presented binaurally with lists consisting of five Chinese monosyllabic morphemes (speech) or low-pass-filtered versions of the same stimuli (nonspeech). The first and last items were targeted for comparison; the time interval between target tones was filled with irrelevant distractor tones. A speeded-response, selective attention paradigm required subjects to make discrimination judgments of the target items while ignoring intervening distractor tones. PET scans were acquired for five tasks presented twice: one passive listening to pitch (nonspeech) and four active (speech = consonant, vowel, and tone; nonspeech = pitch). Significant regional changes in blood flow were identified from comparisons of group-averaged images of active tasks relative to passive listening. Chinese subjects show increased activity in left premotor cortex, pars opercularis, and pars triangularis across the four tasks. English subjects, on the other hand, show increased activity in left inferior frontal gyrus regions only in the vowel task and in right inferior frontal gyrus regions in the pitch task. Findings suggest that functional circuits engaged in speech perception depend on linguistic experience. All linguistic information signaled by prosodic cues engages left-hemisphere mechanisms. Storage and executive processes of working memory that are implicated in phonological processing are mediated in discrete regions of the left frontal lobe.
The Role of Hormones in Mother—Infant Transactions

Hormones have been implicated in the facilitation or maintenance of maternal—infant interactions in studies of animals (see Chapters 1, 3, & 6, this volume) and of humans (see Chapter 12, this volume). However, physiological studies of attachment behavior have been less concerned with the process of attachment than with disruptions in attachment; that is, separations between mothers and infants.
Hexavalent chromium-induced multiple biomarker responses in liver and kidney of goldfish, Carassius auratus.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a constituent of chromite ore. Although it is known to have several industrial and technological applications, its release into the aquatic environment as a result of chemical spill or inadequate waste discharge may hamper the health of aquatic organisms. In this study, we have investigated the effects of Cr (VI) on multiple biomarkers responses in goldfish under sub-chronic exposure conditions. Laboratory-acclimatized fish were exposed to 4.25 ppm and 8.57 ppm Cr (VI) for four weeks using a continuous flow-through system. During exposure, fish samples were collected on a weekly basis and analyzed for multiple biomarkers including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), metallothionein (MT), and total protein in liver and kidney. Study results indicated that the CAT activity and total protein levels in Cr (VI) – treated goldfish did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from their respective controls during experimentation. However, highly significant up-regulations (p<0.05) of SOD, GPx, and MT expression in Cr (VI) – treated goldfish were recorded at different exposure times depending on Cr (VI) concentration, test organ, and/or biomarker of interest. For example, significantly higher liver GPx levels were found at weeks 2 and 3 in the 4.25 ppm concentration, and at weeks 3 and 4 in the 8.57 ppm, while kidney GPx levels were significantly higher at weeks 1, 2 and 3 in the 4.25 ppm concentration, and at weeks 2, 3 and 4 in the 8.57 ppm concentration. In summary, Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress was characterized by statistically significant increases in SOD, GPx, and MT expression in goldfish tissues; with the kidney showing a relatively higher sensitivity to Cr (VI) toxicity compared to the liver.
Psychological distress among Plains Indian mothers with children referred to screening for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Psychological distress (PD) includes symptoms of depression and anxiety and is associated with considerable emotional suffering, social dysfunction and, often, with problematic alcohol use. The rate of current PD among American Indian women is approximately 2.5 times higher than that of U.S. women in general. Our study aims to fill the current knowledge gap about the prevalence and characteristics of PD and its association with self-reported current drinking problems among American Indian mothers whose children were referred to screening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data was conducted from maternal interviews of referred American Indian mothers (n = 152) and a comparison group of mothers (n = 33) from the same Plains culture tribes who participated in an NIAAA-funded epidemiology study of FASD. Referred women were from one of six Plains Indian reservation communities and one urban area who bore children suspected of having an FASD. A 6-item PD scale (PD-6, Cronbach's alpha = .86) was constructed with a summed score range of 0-12 and a cut-point of 7 indicating serious PD. Multiple statistical tests were used to examine the characteristics of PD and its association with self-reported current drinking problems. Referred and comparison mothers had an average age of 31.3 years but differed (respectively) on: education (<high school: 47.4%, 9.1%), PD-6 mean scores (3.57, 1.48), current prevalence of serious PD (19.1%, 0.0%), and a current drinking problem (31.6%, 12.1%). Among referred mothers, those with a current drinking problem had a significantly higher mean PD-6 score. Having PD, serious PD, and 2 specific scale items significantly increased the odds that a referred mother would have a current drinking problem. Psychological distress among referred mothers is significantly associated with having a self-reported drinking problem. FASD prevention requires multi-level prevention efforts that provide real opportunities for educational attainment and screening and monitoring of PD and alcohol use during the childbearing years. Mixed methods studies are needed to illuminate the social and cultural determinants at the base of the experience of PD and to identify the strengths and protective factors of unaffected peers who reside within the same communities.
Compact modeling of on-chip ESD protection devices using Verilog-A

A practical approach for the compact modeling of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices, using the behavioral language Verilog-A, is presented. Models of the NMOS transistor, the vertical n-p-n transistor, the diode, and the resistor have been developed, suitable for circuit-level simulation. Large-signal and small-signal models are provided for transient and alternating current (ac) simulation, respectively. A self-heating model is included for accurate simulation of the device ON-resistance under transient high-current conditions
A five-picosecond, electron pulse from the ANL L-band linac

The pulse-compression system of the Argonne National Laboratory chemistry Division L-band linac has been completed. A 5-ps-wide electron pulse containing a 6*10/sup -9/ C charge has been achieved. Acceleration parameters and the pulse-width measurement technique are discussed, and future plans for the utilization of this pulse in radiation chemistry studies are presented. >
Hormonal regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production by activated macrophages. A disease-modifying mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently develop and progress in settings in which sympathoadrenomedullary and gonadal hormone levels are changing, e.g., during pregnancy, postpartum period, menopause, estrogen administration. This paper addresses the view that adrenal and gonadal hormonal deficiency facilitates excessive macrophage production of TNF-alpha and IL-12 that characterizes RA, whereas excessive estrogen action is suggested to play an essential role in the production of IL-10 in patients with SLE. Disease activity in SLE, in contrast to RA, appears to be associated with high-level production of IL-10, relative to the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-12. Accumulating data suggest that novel therapeutic approaches may ultimately be developed from continued investigation of the role of the neuroendocrine factors in RA and SLE.
Unilateral mydriasis due to hemorrhoidal ointment.

Abstract Background: The finding of a unilaterally dilatated pupil in a patient who is otherwise alert and unimpaired can pose an interesting diagnostic problem. Algorithms have outlined the approach to evaluating anisocoria, but do not stress the importance of toxic exposures. Case Report: A patient with a history of depression and chronic headaches was referred to the emergency department from an ophthalmologist's clinic with the findings of asymmetrically dilatated pupils and blurred vision. Detailed history revealed that for several weeks before the onset of symptoms, the patient applied to her eyelids hemorrhoidal ointment that contained an active ingredient known to produce mydriasis. Conclusion: In the absence of neurologic deficits, clinical history should search for a toxic or pharmacologic etiology of abnormal mydriasis. A detailed physical examination and bedside diagnostic maneuvers can help distinguish benign causes of an abnormally dilatated pupil from more serious causes relating to central nervous system lesions, potentially sparing the patient from unnecessary neuroimaging.
A geostatistical synthesis study of factors affecting gross primary productivity in various ecosystems of North America

Abstract. A coupled Bayesian model selection and geostatistical regression modeling approach is adopted for empirical analysis of gross primary productivity (GPP) at six AmeriFlux sites, including the Kennedy Space Center Scrub Oak, Vaira Ranch, Tonzi Ranch, Blodgett Forest, Morgan Monroe State Forest, and Harvard Forest sites. The analysis is performed at a continuum of temporal scales ranging from daily to monthly, for a period of seven years. A total of 10 covariates representing environmental stimuli and indices of plant physiology are considered in explaining variations in GPP. Similarly to other statistical methods, the presented approach estimates regression coefficients and uncertainties associated with the covariates in a selected regression model. Unlike traditional regression methods, however, the approach also estimates the uncertainty associated with the selection of a single "best" model of GPP. In addition, the approach provides an enhanced understanding of how the importance of specific covariates changes with the examined timescale (i.e. temporal resolution). An examination of changes in the importance of specific covariates across timescales reveals thresholds above or below which covariates become important in explaining GPP. Results indicate that most sites (especially those with a stronger seasonal cycle) exhibit at least one prominent scaling threshold between the daily and 20-day temporal scales. This demonstrates that environmental variables that explain GPP at synoptic scales are different from those that capture its seasonality. At shorter time scales, radiation, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit exert the most significant influence on GPP at most examined sites. At coarser time scales, however, the importance of these covariates in explaining GPP declines. Overall, unique best models are identified at most sites at the daily scale, whereas multiple competing models are identified at longer time scales.
A multi-channel defense against jamming attacks in wireless sensor networks

Radio jamming in wireless sensor networks is an effective means by which an attacker can disrupt communication between sensor nodes. The purpose of such an attack can be to delay or prevent nodes from reporting their readings to the basestation, to deplete vital network resources such as energy, or both. This paper presents MULEPRO (MULti-channel Exfiltration PROtocol), a fully distributed network based protocol designed to rapidly exfiltrate data from a jammed area. MULEPRO targets sensor network applications that require an immediate and robust response to radio jamming denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. It works by automatically and efficiently assigning nodes to different channels in the jammed area in order to defeat an attacker. We have extensively evaluated MULEPRO under avariety of attack configurations. These tests show that even when the attacker uses a channel hopping strategy MULEPRO can effectively exfiltrate data.
Ecological Congruence Assessment for Classroom Activities and Routines: Identifying Goals and Intervention Practices in Childcare.

This article is based on the assumption that childcare programs can be desirable intervention contexts for young children with disabilities. In such sites, however, two potential problems often occur: nonfunctional goals and contextually irrelevant recommendations by specialists (special educators and therapists) to childcare teachers. To address these issues, the ecological congruence assessment process was developed. This process involves three phases: The teacher collects information about child functioning in usual classroom activities, routines, and transitions; summarizes the collected information; and shares the summarized information with the team. Use of the ecological congruence assessment process may produce more functional goals and provide useful information for making practice recommendations that are specific to the classroom.
Mechanics of the rate-dependent elastic¿plastic deformation of glassy polymers from low to high strain rates

Abstract A combined experimental and analytical investigation has been performed to understand the mechanical behavior of two amorphous polymers—polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate)—at strain rates ranging from 10−4 to 104 s−1. This range in strain rates was achieved in uniaxial tension and compression tests using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), a servo-hydraulic testing machine, and an aluminum split-Hopkinson pressure bar. DMA tension tests were used to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of these materials, with focus on the rate-dependent shift of material transition temperatures. Uniaxial compression tests on the servo-hydraulic machine (10−4 to 1 s−1) and the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (103 to 104 s−1) were used to characterize the rate-dependent yield and post-yield behavior. Both materials were observed to exhibit increased rate sensitivity of yield under the same strain rate/temperature conditions as the β-transition of the viscoelastic behavior. A physically based constitutive model for large strain deformation of thermoplastics was then extended to encompass high-rate conditions. The model accounts for the contributions of different molecular motions which become operational and important in different frequency regimes. The new features enable the model to not only capture the transition in the yield behavior, but also accurately predict the post-yield, large strain behavior over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
A sparse representation for function approximation

We derive a new general representation for a function as a linear combination of local correlation kernels at optimal sparse locations (and scales) and characterize its relation to principal component analysis, regularization, sparsity principles, and support vector machines.
Crystal structure of Cryptosporidium parvum pyruvate kinase.

Pyruvate kinase plays a critical role in cellular metabolism of glucose by serving as a major regulator of glycolysis. This tetrameric enzyme is allosterically regulated by different effector molecules, mainly phosphosugars. In response to binding of effector molecules and substrates, significant structural changes have been identified in various pyruvate kinase structures. Pyruvate kinase of Cryptosporidium parvum is exceptional among known enzymes of protozoan origin in that it exhibits no allosteric property in the presence of commonly known effector molecules. The crystal structure of pyruvate kinase from C. parvum has been solved by molecular replacement techniques and refined to 2.5 A resolution. In the active site a glycerol molecule is located near the γ-phosphate site of ATP, and the protein structure displays a partially closed active site. However, unlike other structures where the active site is closed, the α6' helix in C. parvum pyruvate kinase unwinds and assumes an extended conformation. In the crystal structure a sulfate ion is found at a site that is occupied by a phosphate of the effector molecule in many pyruvate kinase structures. A new feature of the C. parvum pyruvate kinase structure is the presence of a disulfide bond cross-linking the two monomers in the asymmetric unit. The disulfide bond is formed between cysteine residue 26 in the short N-helix of one monomer with cysteine residue 312 in a long helix (residues 303–320) of the second monomer at the interface of these monomers. Both cysteine residues are unique to C. parvum, and the disulfide bond remained intact in a reduced environment. However, the significance of this bond, if any, remains unknown at this time.
Management of xerostomia and other complications of Sjögren's syndrome.

This article provides an overview of the published literature in English in the past 63 years involving the management of xerostomia and other oral complications of Sjogren's syndrome. The evidence supporting studied interventions was evaluated using published criteria.
Concordant and discordant coding of spatial location in populations of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.

Pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus commonly show place-related activity, but it has been difficult to understand the factors that govern them. A particularly important question is whether indiv...
A replacement name for the Cretaceous termite genus Gigantotermes (Isoptera)

A replacement name is proposed in order to remove a case of secondary homonymy between the Cretaceous termite genus Gigantotermes Engel, Barden, & Grimaldi (Isoptera) and the Jurassic lacewing, Gigantotermes Haase (Neuroptera). Ginormotermes Engel, Barden, & Grimaldi, new name, is established in place of the former, resulting in the new combination: Ginormotermesrex (Engel, Barden, & Grimaldi).
Trust, Information Technology, and Cooperation in Supply Chains

The decentralized control of supply chains enables them to adapt to unforeseen circumstances. However, local decisions can lead to suboptimal outcomes at the global level, as with the bullwhip effect and vicious cycles, if cooperation between supply chain members gives way to competition. Forecasting systems and other forms of information technology promise to alleviate the bullwhip effect and vicious cycles but may actually exacerbate these problems if used inappropriately. Inappropriate trust in the forecasting technology can lead to erroneous decisions, and supply chain members may misinterpret these technologyinduced errors as the intent of other supply chain members to compete. This paper reviews literature regarding trust in technology and presents a framework for information sharing that can help to promote appropriate trust in supply chain technology and in other supply chain members. Explicitly considering trust in technology may lead to improved supply chain performance and may protect against loss of trust between supply chain members. Overall, this paper identifies human interaction with forecasting systems and other types of technology as an important contributor to cooperation and performance in supply chains.
Archbishop Randall Davidson, Russian Famine Relief, and the Fate of the Orthodox Clergy, 1917–1923

At the close of the twentieth century, the ties that formerly bound church and state in Western Europe and North America have become disengaged despite efforts among some Christian groups to renew those connections. At the beginning of this century, however, the union between the Church of England and the state still remained firm. Political leaders, especially Tories, could generally rely on the established church to provide spiritual sanctions for government ac tions. One need only consider the support generally rendered by the Church of England for British efforts in the Great War.1 Nevertheless, the government could not always take church backing for granted. Such an exception arose in the failed campaign by the Foreign Office to gain the Church of England's unqualified endorsement for its blan ket imprecation of the new Bolshevik regime. It seems doubly strange since officials in the Foreign Office had sought church support for its condemnation of the Bolshevik treatment of the Russian Orthodox
Vibratory hypersensitivity in idiopathic scoliosis

This study determined whether a significant difference in response to vibratory stimuli was consistently present in a large group of children with idiopathic scoliosis as compared with age-matched controls. Fifty-eight unselected adolescent females with documented progressive idiopathic scoliosis were studied along with age-matched controls. Threshold to detection of a vibratory stimulus was measured in both the right and left upper and lower extremities. Results indicated that highly significant differences existed between scoliotic children and controls at all sites tested (p less than 0.01), with scoliotic children being more sensitive than controls. The results support the presence of a central aberration in posterior column function that may be a primary etiology of idiopathic scoliosis.
Distributive F-S Threshold Digital Signature Scheme on RSA

A distributed threshold scheme of RSA and Forward Secure scheme is presented. A distributed Forward Secure threshold signature is obtained. In this scheme, the key update algorithm is simple and secure. The secret parameters that needed to keep are very short.
Paracelsus: Renaissance physician, mystic and iconoclast. Oral disease concepts.

Biographie sommaire d'un medecin allemand de la Renaissance, Paracelse, et resume de son oeuvre, partagee entre theologie, philosophie, alchimie et surtout medecine. Ses theories furent a l'origine de nombreuses controverses et sa theorie de la maladie est ici decrite...
An FPGA-based infrastructure for fine-grained DVFS analysis in high-performance embedded systems

Emerging technologies provide SoCs with fine-grained DVFS capabilities both in space (number of domains) and time (transients in the order of tens of nanoseconds). Analyzing these systems requires cycle-accurate accounting of rapidly-changing dynamics and complex interactions among accelerators, interconnect, memory, and OS. We present an FPGA-based infrastructure that facilitates such analyses for high-performance embedded systems. We show how our infrastructure can be used to first generate SoCs with loosely-coupled accelerators, and then perform design-space exploration considering several DVFS policies under full-system workload scenarios, sweeping spatial and temporal domain granularity.
Yield Point of Semiconducting Polymer Films on Stretchable Substrates Determined by Onset of Buckling

Mechanical buckling of thin films on elastomeric substrates is often used to determine the mechanical properties of polymers whose scarcity precludes obtaining a stress–strain curve. Although the modulus and crack-onset strain can readily be obtained by such film-on-elastomer systems, information critical to the development of flexible, stretchable, and mechanically robust electronics (i.e., the range of strains over which the material exhibits elastic behavior) cannot be measured easily. This paper describes a new technique called laser determination of yield point (LADYP), in which a polymer film on an elastic substrate is subjected to cycles of tensile strain that incrementally increase in steps of 1% (i.e., 0% → 1% → 0% → 2% → 0% → 3% → 0%, etc.). The formation of buckles manifests as a diffraction pattern obtained using a laser, and represents the onset of plastic deformation, or the yield point of the polymer. In the series of conjugated polymers poly(3-alkylthiophene), where the alkyl chain is pent...
Surgical management of a giant inguinoscrotal hernia: A case report

Inguinal hernias are among the most common clinical entities encountered by general surgeons. Most defects are small, relatively benign, and easily repaired using standardized and broadly accepted techniques. Large hernias that extend below the mid-point of the inner thigh in the standing position, known as giant inguinal hernias (GIH), are uncommon in the Western world. We present the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with a giant left inguinoscrotal hernia that extended below the knee and was complicated by symptoms of intractable constipation, exercise intolerance, and weakness. This hernia was repaired utilizing an open abdominal midline approach, with retroperitoneal reinforcement of the fascial defect using prosthetic mesh according to the method first described by Stoppa. A long segment of sigmoid colon was entrapped within and densely adherent to the scrotum, necessitating segmental resection with creation of an end colostomy. This was reversed in a subsequent procedure. Several months after his operation, the patient has returned to normal activities without recurrence of prior abdominal symptoms. Although challenging even in the hands of experienced surgeons, surgical correction remains the only mode of treatment that offers patients with GIH satisfactory quality of life.
Renormalization group for a continuous-time quantum search in finite dimensions

We consider the quantum search problem with a continuous-time quantum walk for networks characterized by a finite spectral dimension ${d}_{s}$ of the network Laplacian. For general networks of fractal (integer or noninteger) dimension ${d}_{f}$, for which in general ${d}_{f}\ensuremath{\ne}{d}_{s}$, it suggests that it is ${d}_{s}$ that determines the computational complexity of the quantum search. Our results continue those of A. M. Childs and J. Goldstone [Phys. Rev. A 70, 022314 (2004)] for lattices of integer dimension, where $d={d}_{f}={d}_{s}$. Thus, we find for general fractals that the Grover limit of quantum search can be obtained whenever ${d}_{s}g4$. This complements the recent discussion of mean-field (i.e., ${d}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) networks by S. Chakraborty et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 100501 (2016)] showing that for all those networks, spatial search by quantum walk is optimal.
Relationships between the cellular localization and the physiological function of catechol-O-methyltransferase

Studies on the cellular localization of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) (EC 2.1.1.6) are yielding patterns of enzyme distribution which are manifestly linked to the physiological function of this enzyme. These patterns of distribution suggest functional mechanisms for biological control of the distribution and concentration of a variety of physiologically and pharmacologically active catechols. With few exceptions, O-methylation results in biological inactivation or detoxification of catechols. Further it has been extensively demonstrated that most molecules bearing an aromatic catechol structure will serve as substrates for COMT and accept a methyl group from the cosubstrate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, with the resultant formation of a mixture of meta- and para-O-methylethers and a stochiometric amount of S-adenosylhomocysteine. Substrates can be arbitrarily divided into three groups: 1) catechol steroids, of which 2-hydroxyestradiot is the prototype, have the highest affinity for COMT (km ~10−6 M) and readily undergo O-methylation to physiologically inactive 2-methoxyestradiols; 2) the catechol amines, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine and their enzymatic oxidation products, the catechol acids and catechol glycols, the affinities of this second group of substrates is generally an order of magnitude less than those of the catechol steroids (km ~10−5 − 10−4 ); and 3) a wide variety of clearly xenobiotic catechols ranging from catechol itself (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), to complex polycyclic compounds of plant origin.
Quon 3D language for quantum information

We present a 3D topological picture-language for quantum information. Our approach combines charged excitations carried by strings, with topological properties that arise from embedding the strings in the interior of a 3D manifold with boundary. A quon is a composite that acts as a particle. Specifically, a quon is a hemisphere containing a neutral pair of open strings with opposite charge. We interpret multiquons and their transformations in a natural way. We obtain a type of relation, a string-genus "joint relation," involving both a string and the 3D manifold. We use the joint relation to obtain a topological interpretation of the C∗-Hopf algebra relations, which are widely used in tensor networks. We obtain a 3D representation of the controlled NOT (CNOT) gate that is considerably simpler than earlier work, and a 3D topological protocol for teleportation.