cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation with isolated soy protein reduces metastasis of mammary carcinoma cells in mice.

The present study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with isolated soy protein (ISP) on pulmonary metastasis of carcinoma cells from primary mammary tumors induced by orthotopic injection of 4526 murine mammary carcinoma cells in female BALB/c mice. Three diets were compared: a basal AIN-93G diet and the basal diet supplemented with 10% or 20% ISP. After three weeks on the experimental diets, each mouse was injected 4×105 carcinoma cells into the right inguinal mammary fat pad. The primary tumors were excised when they reached a size of 1.0 cm in diameter. After surgery, mice were maintained on their respective diets for another three weeks. At necropsy, the incidence of metastasis, the number and size of macroscopic tumors, and the number of microscopic tumors in the lungs were determined. The incidence of mice with macroscopically visible tumors was 93%, 76%, and 67%, and the median number of macroscopic tumor was 5, 2, and 1 for the control, 10%, and 20% ISP groups (P≤0.05, 20% ISP vs. control). The median cross-sectional area of the macroscopic tumors was 0.93 mm2, 0.80 mm2, and 0.31 mm2, and the median volume was 0.73 mm3, 0.56 mm3, and 0.14 mm3 for the control, 10%, and 20% ISP groups (P≤0.01, 20% ISP vs. control). Histological examination revealed fewer microscopically detectable tumors in the ISP groups compared with the control. These results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with ISP reduced pulmonary metastasis of carcinoma cells from primary mammary tumors in BALB/c mice.
Why Not Treat Drug Crimes as White-Collar Crimes?

Drug dealing is a business enterprise. At its core is the manufacture, transport, financing, and selling of illegal narcotics. The most successful drug dealers are the ones who are skilled in the tools of business, and success is measured in the profit generated. Given these undeniable realities, shouldn’t we treat narcotics trafficking the way we do other business-based crimes like fraud or embezzlement?One odd point of distinction between narcotics and other business crimes has been the frequent use of harsh sentencing measures to create deterrence in the former but not the latter. This is odd because deterrence works where a potential violator both (1) is aware of possible sanctions, and (2) performs a rational cost-benefit analysis that incorporates those possible sanctions. White collar defendants are a better target for deterrence measures by both of these metrics, yet we use those tough measures often in addressing drug crimes and almost never in tackling other business crimes.To conflate the punishments for narcotics crime and other business crimes would be fairly simple. They could fall under a single guideline in a guideline system, with sentences determined in proportion to the amount of profit taken. Statutes could be similarly constructed. Many sectors of society want to lower incarceration and bring new integrity to the criminal justice system. Treating drug crimes for what they are - crimes of commerce - would go a long way towards that goal.
Designing a Selected Reaction Monitoring Method

The instrument instructions for a selected reaction monitoring experiment contain the basic programming needed to detect the set of peptides that will act as the quantitative surrogate for each protein being measured. The overarching goal of the design process is find the best peptides to monitor and optimize the collision induced dissociation conditions to give the best signal for those peptides. The general stages are finding an initial set of candidate peptides for initial testing, optimizing the conditions for those candidates, selecting the best of the optimized group, and validating the proper detection of the correct peptides. A six step approach is used to go through these stages.
Exploring Socio-Cognitive Effects of Conversational Strategy Congruence in Peer Tutoring

Conversational interaction is a dynamic process in which information is conveyed and relationships are negotiated via the use and timing of specific conversational strategies. In this work we examine similarity in use and timing of the relationship-oriented communicative strategies self-disclosure,reference to shared experience and praise, during a reciprocal peer tutoring interaction. We computationally model two kinds of similarity that quantify whether and how students are similar or different in their use of the strategies over time, and differentiate the effects by gender, relationship status and session. In order to assess their impact, we leverage learning and self-reported rapport as outcome variables. Our results show significant effects in cumulative use as well as in the pattern of timings of conversational strategy usage by partners in a dyad, along with interesting relationships to socio-cognitive processes.
Reduced connexin 43 mRNA levels in human ovarian carcinoma

15071 Background: Cancer cells have been shown to exhibit many defects in gap junctions, which contribute to the loss of growth control and tissue homeostasis. In ovarian tissues, it is known that ...
Delusions of Parasitosis: A Case Report and Management Guidelines

A case report and review of the clinical aspects and management guidelines for delusions of parasitosis are presented. Special emphasis is given to the efficacy of pimozide in the treatment of this psychiatric disorder.
Experientia and Auctoritas : ʿAbd Al-Latif Al-Baghdadi’s Kitāb Al-Ifāda Wa’l-Iʿtibār and the Birth of the Critical Gaze

This short study looks into the mind of the Ayyubid intellectual Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, also known as al-Labbad, who was born in Baghdad in 1162 and died there in 1231–32 at the age of 69. The focus of this article is his famous book Kitāb al-Ifāda wa’l-iʿtibār fi’l-umūr al-mushāhada wa’l-ḥawadith al-muʿāyana bi-arḍ Miṣr (The Book of Instruction and Admonition on the Things Seen [ mushāhada ] and Events Recorded [ muʿāyana ] in the Land of Egypt), which, as I argue, is al-Baghdadi’s clear manifestation of his “change of mind” in the fields of scholarship and methods of learning. It seems that a turning point in al-Baghdadi’s academic career occurred during the time he spent in Egypt and, perhaps even and more importantly, in front of the antiquities of Pharaonic Egypt. His descriptions of the pyramids, Sphinx, and huge sculptures of ancient Egypt demonstrate al-Baghdadi’s progressive method of looking at and interpreting nature and thus of rewriting history.
Pecan Bud Moth: Captures in Georgia in Traps Baited with the Pheromone of the Oriental Fruit Moth

Male pecan bud moths, Gretchena bolliana (Slingerland), were captured during the spring flights (April–May) in traps placed in the canopy of pecan trees and baited with 2 μ1 of ( Z )-8-dodecenyl acetate, a synthetic sex pheromone of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), containing 7% E isomer and 2 μ1 of dodecyl alcohol (a synergist). Pheromone traps placed 9.1 m above ground caught more male pecan bud moths than those at lesser heights. During the summer and fall flights (June –Oct.), appreciable numbers of male pecan bud moths were caught in unbaited blacklight traps.
Advances in Research into Relationship Between Renin-angiotensin System and Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation(Af) is a common arrhythmia that is difficult to treat.It lacks an ideal general therapy.There is increasing interest in novel therapeutic approaches that target Af-substrate development.Recent trials suggest that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers(ARB) may be useful,particularly in patients with cases of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy,congestive heart failure,and those undergoing electrical cardioversion for Af.The mechanisms of this approach are under investigation.Some experimental studies also show that the renin angiotensin system(RAS) is involved in atrial electrophysiological and structural remodelling.This article reviews the role and mechanism of RAS in the pathogenesis of Af,and information pertaining to the clinical use and mechanism of action of ACEI and ARBs in Af.
A Hierarchical Fuzzy Controller for Real-time Mobile Robot Navigation in Unknown Environments

This paper presents a hierarchical fuzzy controller for mobile robot navigating from an initial position to a target point through unknown environments.Eight sonar sensors are mounted on the robot to detect obstacles so that the mobile robot can navigate safely.Sonar data and target information are processed by the two-stage fuzzy system to generate the control commands.Firstly,the danger fuzzy controller(DFC) is used for each sonar sensor to judge the danger degree of the detected obstacles.Then,all the outputs of the inference engine are analyzed and normalized by the combination behavior.Finally,the danger information as well as the fuzzified target information is induced by the velocity fuzzy controller(VFC) and the rotation fuzzy controller(RFC) respectively to determine the motion of the robot.Maximum defuzzification method is used to solve the "symmetric hesitation" problem.Simulations and experiments validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Tolazamide hepatotoxicity. A case report.

The 1st case of jaundice occurring with the use of tolazamide (Tolinase) is reported, and the literature concerning “hepatotoxicity” associated with the use of sulfonylurea agents is reviewed.
Skewfoot in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

We report skewfoot deformities in two patients who have osteogenesis imperfecta. A discussion will follow proposing etiologies of skewfoot, speculating that the ligamentous laxity often present in ...
Examining the Construct Validity of the MMPI–2–RF Interpersonal Functioning Scales Using the Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder as a Comparative Framework

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the construct validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI–2–RF) interpersonal functioning scales (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011) using as a criterion measure the Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder–Static Form (CAT–PD–SF; Simms et al., 2011). Participants were college students (n = 98) recruited through the university subject pool. A series of a priori hypotheses were developed for each of the 6 interpersonal functioning scales of the MMPI–2–RF, expressed as predicted correlations with construct-relevant CAT–PD–SF scales. Of the 27 specific predictions, 21 were supported by substantial (≥ |.30|) correlations. The MMPI–2–RF Family Problems scale (FML) demonstrated the strongest correlations with CAT–PD–SF scales Anhedonia and Mistrust; Cynicism (RC3) was most highly correlated with Mistrust and Norm Violation; Interpersonal Passivity (IPP) was most highly correlated with Domineering and Rudeness; Social Avoidanc...
Time-scale modification of audio signals using multi-relative onset time estimations in sinusoidal transform coding

The traditional sinusoidal transform coder (STC) was originally developed for analysis, synthesis, and modification of speech and other non-polyphonic audio signals. In this paper, a novel method of time-scale modification for polyphonic and multi-pitch audio signals based on STC is proposed. The proposed method does not require a pitch estimation, and as such, it enables STC based algorithms to perform modifications on polyphonic audio signals. The frequency jitter artifacts in the traditional STC are mostly due to the inaccurate onset time estimates measured by pitch periods. The proposed method eliminates the frequency jitter artifacts significantly by using multi-onset time estimations.
Integrating Positive Psychology and Gratitude to Work in Schools

Though positive psychology continues to gain recognition within the field of psychology, school psychology has mostly followed a disease-oriented model. Thus, there is still much to be done to promote its presence within the schools. School psychologists should continue to focus on promoting a science that denotes equal attention to curing pathology and promoting positive wellbeing in the schools. This chapter focuses on the virtue that has been proven to be the strongest relation to life satisfaction in youth: gratitude. Research has shown that the purposeful practice of gratitude can help youth obtain more fulfilling relationships and more engagement with their schools and communities. This chapter discusses the three empirically supported gratitude interventions for youth: the gratitude journal, the gratitude visit and the gratitude curriculum. This chapter also discusses best practices in gratitude assessment in children and adolescents, followed by highlighting gratitude’s role in school functioning. This chapter provides a detailed account of positive psychology’s current role in the Australian school system, the Model for Positive Education and ethical issues faced by school psychologists today. We close with future implications of how to further advance the study of gratitude in youth.
The influence of radiotherapy on sleep disturbances in breast cancer patients.

1092 Background: Sleep disturbances are distressing and common among breast cancer patients during treatment. However, few studies have examined the impact of radiotherapy (RT) on sleep quality. The goal of this study was to prospectively assess breast cancer patients before, during, and after RT to determine the impact of RT on sleep. Methods: Following breast conserving surgery, 80 breast cancer patients were enrolled on a prospective, longitudinal study of sleep before, during, and after whole breast RT. All patients received a dose of 50 Gy followed by a 10 Gy boost. Subjects completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before (i.e., baseline), at week 6 of RT, and 6 weeks after RT completion. Demographic, patient- and treatment-related factors were also recorded. Paired t tests were used to test longitudinal differences in PSQI between time points. Linear mixed models were used to identify predictors of higher PSQI scores and poor sleep (i.e., PSQI score >5). Results: Before, during, and after...
Study human antibody repertoire in malaria using ultra accurate immune repertoire sequencing (TECH2P.931)

Recently developed Immune repertoire sequencing (IR-seq) has become a useful tool to quantify the composition of the various antigen receptor repertoires, such as antibody and T cell receptor. However, early versions of IR-seq suffer significantly from high amplification bias and high sequencing errors. In this study, we developed an improved IR-seq method that clusters antibody sequences within each molecular identifier group to further separate different Ig transcripts that have been tagged with the same molecular identifier. We first validated this method by using naive B cells sorted to different amounts. Analysis showed that our methods has significantly improved the sequence accuracy and diversity coverage. In addition, it enables us to examine small number of cells, such as memory and plasmablasts. We used this method to study antibody repertoire in children who experienced malaria in Africa. Epidemiology studies showed that children under 5 are most vulnerable to malaria with more than 460,000 cases of malaria caused death in children younger than 5 in Africa in 2012. However, little is known on how immunity toward malaria is established. We sequenced children from as young as 3 month to 10 year old and observed many traits in antibody diversity and mutations that correlate with age and confer protection, demonstrating the power of systems immunology approach to study infection.
Divining the Role of Serum in Cell Culture

The use of biological fluids as a medium for cells outside the body is a natural and logical step to take.
Deriving Streaming Graph Algorithms from Static Definitions

Increasing volumes of data and the desire for realtime query capability make the development of efficient streaming algorithms for data analytics valuable. Streaming graph algorithms that avoid unnecessary recomputation through clever application of data dependency analysis are often more complex to derive than their static counterparts. This paper discusses a method to derive algorithms for streaming graph analysis from static formulations Combining tuned graph algorithms building blocks with an appropriate functional language, a graph query planner should be able to correctly implement most static and streaming versions of an algorithm from a single mathematical formulation. We provide a detailed analysis for the case of updating triangle counts in a streaming graph using linear algebra and an experimental evaluation in Julia.
Negative effects of fertilization on grassland species richness are stronger when tall clonal species are present

Fertilization of grasslands commonly leads to species loss and a dramatic shift in species composition, but the mechanisms underlying this pattern remain unclear. One oft-stated hypothesis is that fertilization increases competition for light and/or reduces spatial heterogeneity of resources, thereby reducing the niche dimensionality for species to coexist. Here, we summarize results from two long-term field experiments showing that the negative effects of fertilization on grassland species richness are greater in the presence of species with a spreading clonal growth form, particularly species that are tall (hereafter ‘tall clonals’). The interactive effect of fertilization and the presence of clonal species on the loss of species richness is associated with: (1) a pronounced increase in the relative abundance of tall clonals following fertilization, and (2) a greater reduction in mean light levels and reduced spatial heterogeneity in light when tall clonal species are present. We hypothesize that tall clonals gain a competitive advantage following fertilization as a result of two important traits related to clonality: (1) the ability to translocate resources between ramets in high to those in low resource patches and (2) the ability to spread vegetatively, especially under conditions where low-light levels limit recruitment from seeds. We suggest that efforts to mitigate the negative effects of nutrient enrichment on grassland diversity may be enhanced by controlling dominance by tall clonal grasses and forbs, and that these results have important implications for management efforts to maintain and enhance plant diversity in grasslands.
Preclinical and Coclinical Studies in Prostate Cancer

Men who develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will invariably succumb to their disease. Thus there remains a pressing need for preclinical testing of new drugs and drug combinations for late-stage prostate cancer (PCa). Insights from the mCRPC genomic landscape have revealed that, in addition to sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling, there are other actionable molecular alterations and distinct molecular subclasses of PCa; however, the rate at which this knowledge translates into patient care via current preclinical testing is painfully slow and inefficient. Here, we will highlight the issues involved and discuss a new translational platform, "the co-clinical trial project," to expedite current preclinical studies and optimize clinical trial and experimental drug testing. With this platform, in vivo preclinical and early clinical studies are closely aligned, enabling in vivo testing of drugs using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in defined genetic contexts to personalize individual therapies. We will discuss the principles and essential components of this novel paradigm, representative success stories and future therapeutic options for mCRPC that should be explored.
Cardiovascular changes in urethane anesthetized Wistar rats after the traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cardiovascular complications and negative impact on the recovery of these patients. There are not much published reports regarding the alterations in brain areas controlling cardiovascular function in TBI. In this study, we investigated the effects of severe, moderate and mild TBI on systemic blood pressure, heart rate, greater splanchnic nerve activity (GSNA) and baroreflex. The experiments were done in anesthetized, male Wistar rats. Fluid percussion injury (FPI) was applied to induce TBI. Application of severe, moderate and mild FPI resulted in 100%, 40% and 10% mortality, respectively. In moderate and mild FPI, apnea was observed for 38.2 ± 17.3 and 14.8 ± 3.6 sec, respectively, however, no apnea was seen in severe FPI treated rats, since most of the rats in this group died just after the injury. The decreases in MAP and HR at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after the moderate and mild FPI were significantly attenuated when compared with sham control rats. The GSNA and baroreflex sensitivity were significantly attenuated after moderate and mild FPI. In these rats, microinjections of L-glutamate and gabazine into medullary areas elicited altered cardiovascular responses. These results indicate that both moderate and mild FPI elicit cardiovascular changes.
SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG METABOLISM: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the giant strides that have been made in all of the sub-specialties in the field of drug metabolism and disposition. Metabolites are identified within days or weeks, whereas only a few years ago the time spent in their identification would have been long and tedious. Analytical methods for these substances have been developed that permit their detection in picogram amounts, whereas only a few years ago the most sensitive methods available would have been able to detect amounts in the microgram range. With these new analytical techniques, much has been learned about the mechanisms by which drugs are absorbed into the body, the mechanisms by which they are carried by the blood, traverse biological membranes and enter tissue cells, the tissue localization and mechanisms of the enzyme systems that catalyze their conversion to various metabolites, the ways by which the activities of these enzymes are altered and the mechanisms by which drugs and their metabolites are excreted into air, bile, and urine. The chapter also explains the interrelationships among various enzyme systems and physiological processes that are known to affect the distribution and metabolism of drugs.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a safe and effective approach for resecting large colorectal liver metastases.

Abstract Hepatectomy is an accepted treatment modality for large (greater than 5 cm) colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Recently, laparoscopic hepatectomy has emerged as a viable option; however, its use for patients with large CLM is undefined. A retrospective analysis of a single institution's prospective database was performed for patients with large CLM resected between 1995 and 2010. Patients were stratified by operative approach. Patient characteristics, tumor burden, operative factors, hospital course, and long-term outcomes were compared using nonparametric, Fisher's exact, and Kaplan-Meier testing. Eighty-four patients were identified. Eight patients (9.5%) underwent laparoscopic resection. Age (59.5 vs 60 years), body mass index (26.8 vs 27.5 kg/m(2)), size of largest tumor (6.8 vs 7.5 cm), R0 resection (100 vs 89.5%), hepatic recurrence (25 vs 43.4%), and transfusion rate (14.3 vs 30.9%) of laparoscopic compared with open resection were similar. However, complication rate (12.5 vs 60.5%; P = 0.0192), blood loss (225 vs 400 mL; P = 0.0427), and length of stay (3.5 vs 7.0 days; P = 0.0005) were significantly higher in the open resection cohort. Median disease-free survival was 14.4 and 13.2 months for laparoscopic and open patients, respectively. Laparoscopic resection appears to be a safe approach for resecting large CLM. Tumor size does not preclude laparoscopic hepatectomy.
Forbidden Homeland: Divided Belonging on the China-KoreaBorder:

This article explores the old Korean Chinese communist party members’ rearticulation and re-remembering of the traumatic ethnic past and ethnic politics in the wake of the Korean Wind – the massive...
We Are All Reviewer #2: A Window into the Secret World of Peer Review

Reviewers play a key role in scholarly publishing, with the image of the peer reviewer often looming large in the process. For newer scholars, the anonymous peer reviewer can be a somewhat mysterious and intimidating figure. This chapter aims to demystify this figure by examining the gatekeeping process through the reviewer’s perspective. I share an overview of the publication process and the reviewer’s role in it, and then delve into issues that junior scholars commonly encounter as they become socialized into publication norms and practices. The chapter includes discussion of common pitfalls in this process for newer writers and offers recommendations, drawing on existing research as well as my personal experiences as a reviewer and journal editor.
Examining the link between assault victimization and ADHD among college men

Research on the victimization of college students has gained substantial ground in the past several years. A considerable amount of research has focused on predicting victimization among college wo...
Situated Learning, Professional Development, and Early Reading Intervention: A Mixed Methods Study.

The purpose of the present mixed methods study was to investigate a model of situated professional development and classroom-based early reading intervention implemented by the K–2 teaching teams f...
Abstract 349: The Association of Comorbid Depression with Inpatient Outcomes in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia

Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the end-stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and mounting evidence suggests an association between depression and PAD. The objective of this study wa...
Utility of a Smartphone Based System (cvrPhone) to Predict Short-term Arrhythmia Susceptibility

Repolarization alternans (RA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We developed a 12-lead, blue-tooth/Smart-Phone (Android) based electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and monitoring system (cvrPhone), and an application to estimate RA, in real-time. In in-vivo swine studies (N = 17), 12-lead ECG signals were recorded at baseline and following coronary artery occlusion. RA was estimated using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method using a custom developed algorithm in JAVA. Underlying ischemia was detected using a custom developed ischemic index. RA from each lead showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase within 1 min of occlusion compared to baseline (n = 29). Following myocardial infarction, spontaneous ventricular tachycardia episodes (n = 4) were preceded by significant (p < 0.05) increase of RA prior to the onset of the tachy-arrhythmias. Similarly, the ischemic index exhibited a significant increase following myocardial infarction (p < 0.05) and preceding a tachy-arrhythmic event. In conclusion, RA can be effectively estimated using surface lead electrocardiograms by analyzing beat-to-beat variability in ECG morphology using a smartphone based platform. cvrPhone can be used to detect myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia susceptibility using a user-friendly, clinically acceptable, mobile platform.
Couples Living with Chronic Migraines: A Phenomenological Study

Chronic migraine (CM) is a leading cause of disability, worldwide. Research examining the systemic effects of CM is scant. Specifically, little is understood about the effects of migraine on CM patients’ partners. Furthermore, the relational experiences of couples who deal with CM has been largely unexplored. Coming to better understand the systemic effects of migraine on couple relationships could enable more holistic biopsychosocial care for CM patients and their families. We utilized a phenomenological approach to study the CM experience in the context of couple relationships. We conducted dyadic interviews with eight chronic migraine patients and their partners about their experiences dealing with CM (N = 16). Six of the eight partners in our sample were also interviewed individually about their experience (14 interviews total). Data were gathered and analyzed using an iterative process. A team of seven researchers utilized an immersion/crystallization technique to analyze the data. Three major themes emerged from the analyses: (1) burdens and costs of migraines on partners, (2) coping with CM for partners, and (3) couple experience. Findings indicated that: partners of CM patients experience caregiving burdens; accepting the disorder’s burdens and long-term presence appears to vitally improve coping for CM patients and partners alike; and couples dealing with CM experience both balance and imbalance in the perceived relational giving and taking that occurs between them. Suggestions for future research and the clinical implications of our study are provided.
Assessing occupational exposure via the one-way random effects model with unbalanced data

This article considers a one-way random effects model for assessing the proportion of workers whose mean exposures exceed the occupational exposure limit based on exposure measurements from a random sample of workers. Hypothesis testing and interval estimation for the relevant parameter of interest are proposed when the exposure data are unbalanced. The methods are based on the generalized p-value approach, and simplify to the ones in Krishnamoorthy and Mathews (J. Agri. Biol. Environ. Statist. 7 (2002) 440) when the data are balanced. The sizes and powers of the test are evaluated numerically. The numerical studies show that the proposed inferential procedures are satisfactory even for small samples. The results are illustrated using practical examples.
Metabolic flux analysis reaching genome wide coverage: lessons learned and future perspectives

13C-MFA is currently the only technique capable of elucidating intracellular metabolic fluxes. Generally, in 13C-MFA studies the reactions that can carry flux are mostly pre-specified by only considering canonical pathways and ignoring alternate ones. This may bias flux elucidation and cause labeling data to erroneously confirm implied assumptions. By expanding the scope of the metabolic mapping models to match known genome-scale metabolism such estimation biases can be eliminated. However, this model expansion to genome-scale requires the construction of expanded atom mapping models, more efficient flux estimation algorithms, and formal estimation of confidence levels. Even though significant progress has been made in this direction, a number of challenges remain before widespread adoption by the community.
Congenital Fusion of Dens to T3 Vertebra in Klippel-Feil Syndrome.

Background Patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome may present with neurologic complaints such as neck pain, radiculopathy and gait instability. Here we describe surgical management of a patient with congenital fusion of the occipital-cervical region and also block circumferential fusion of dens to T3 with spinal cord compression. This report is the first of its kind with such extensive fusion. Case Description Our patient was a 56 year-old female, who presented with neck pain and tingling in all extremities. On exam, she had a short neck, prominent jaw with extremely limited range of motion in neck and features of myelopathy. CT showed fusion of the dens to T3 vertebrae. Patient underwent sub-occipital craniectomy, C1 laminectomy and Occiput to T5 posterior fixation and fusion with neurologic improvement. Conclusion This is the first reported case of Klippel-Feil syndrome with fusion of all cervical vertebrae down to T3. We recommend surgery for advanced cases of myelopathy or radiculopathy due to stenosis and spinal instability.
Using Mixed Methods Research to Better Understand Pediatric Feeding Disorder

Purpose Mixed methods research is a relatively new, but growing, research methodology with particular relevance to speech-language pathologists because of its utility in translating research into p...
Diaphragm Ultrasound in Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation.

A 65-year-old man was admitted to the ICU for septic shock due to pneumonia. He remained on mechanical ventilation for 96 hours. His shock resolved, and he no longer required IV vasopressor therapy. His vital signs included a BP of 105/70 mm Hg, heart rate 85 beats/min, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation 95%. His ventilator settings were volume control/assist control with a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 and an Fio2 set to 40%. On these setting his blood gas showed an Pao2 of 75 mm Hg. He was following simple commands and had minimal tracheobronchial secretions. He was placed on a spontaneous breathing trial with a spontaneous mode of ventilation and pressure support of 7/5. He remained hemodynamically stable and showed no distress through the procedure, so he was extubated to 6 L oxygen by nasal cannula. Eighteen hours later, the patient was found to have increased work of breathing, with use of accessory respiratory muscles. A blood gas showed an elevated level of CO2, so the patient was reintubated. After intubation, the patient again appeared comfortable on minimal ventilator settings. Chest radiography before reintubation showed no new parenchymal process, but an elevated left diaphragm. After a thorough workup, it was determined that diaphragmatic weakness was the most likely reason for respiratory failure. The team questioned whether there was a way to have detected this before extubation.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Nonbilious projectile emesis between weeks of life 2–5 with hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis is the cardinal feature of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). The vomiting often happens soon after feeding, with the child continuing to act hungry and appearing vigorous without fevers. The health of the child at presentation can vary widely due to hydration status, from well appearing to lethargic and severely dehydrated. Not uncommonly, children present with HPS relatively late in the disease course after changes in feedings or formulas have been made with the thought that the emesis was secondary to feed intolerance or reflux.
Characteristics of coronavirus disease 19 convalescent plasma donors and donations in the New York metropolitan area.

BACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma (CP) is an important initial treatment in pandemics and the New York (NY) metropolitan area is likely to remain a hotspot for collection and distribution of such units. This study reports characteristics of coronavirus disease 19 CP (CCP) donors and their donations to the New York Blood Center (NYBC). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All CCP data from our first day of collection on March 26th through July 7th, 2020 are included in this retrospective analysis. Donor and donation data were extracted from NYBC electronic databases. SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing was initially performed by the NY State Department of Health, and later by NYBC using Ortho and Abbott platforms. RESULTS: CCP donor age and ABO distributions were consistent with reported lower COVID-19 susceptibility in O blood types. CCP versus whole blood donors had similar on-site deferrals, but higher post-donation deferral rates. CCP versus routine plasmapheresis donations had higher vasovagal reactions but similar product rejection rates. Changes in antibody (Ab) test platforms resulted in significant changes in the percent of donors regarded as antibody positive. Donor correlates with higher anti-spike total Ig S/CO ratios were Hispanic ethnicity, overweight body mass index, and longer symptom duration; and with higher anti-nucleocapsid IgG S/CO ratios were male gender, older age, Hispanic ethnicity, and fewer days between symptom onset and first donation. DISCUSSION: We identify donor characteristics not previously reported to correlate with Ab titer. Our analysis should assist with donor outreach strategies, blood center operating logistics, and recruitment of high titer donors.
Observations of Dairy Cattle Behavior Using Time-lapse Photography in a California Free-Stall Barn

Resting is a fundamental physical need of dairy cattle, and any improvement in stall comfort and resting time may result in improved milk production and decreased incidence of lameness. However, assessing housing facilities for cow comfort potential has proven difficult. To assess free stall utilization and other behaviors, dairy consultants count cows lying, eating or standing. Results are often confusing because of such possible confounding variables as time of feed delivery, milking times, or ambient temperature. This study documented dairy cow behavioral patterns using timelapse photography at a free stall dairy in the central San Joaquin Valley of California to determine the optimum time for visual assessment of free stall usage during hot summer conditions.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Nulliparous Participants Undergoing Labor Induction by Cervical Ripening Method.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes by method of cervical ripening for labor induction among low-risk nulliparous individuals. Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial of labor induction at 39 weeks versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous participants. Participants undergoing cervical ripening for labor induction in either group were included. Participants were excluded for preripening membrane rupture, abruption, chorioamnionitis, fetal demise, or cervical dilation ≥3.5 cm. Cervical ripening was defined by the initial method used: prostaglandin only (PGE; referent), Foley with concurrent prostaglandin (Foley-PGE), Foley only (Foley), and Foley with concurrent oxytocin (Foley-oxytocin). Coprimary outcomes were adverse maternal and neonatal composites. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery and length of labor and delivery (L&D) stay. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust for patient characteristics. Results Of 6,106 participants included in the trial, 2,376 (38.9%) met criteria for this analysis. Of these, 1,247 (52.4%) had cervical ripening with PGE, 290 (12.2%) had Foley-PGE, 385 (16.2%) had Foley, and 454 (19.1%) had Foley-oxytocin. The maternal composite outcome was similar among participants who received Foley-PGE (24.1%, adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.52), Foley (21.3%, aRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92–1.45), or Foley-oxytocin (19.4%, aRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.83–1.29), compared with PGE (19.7%). The neonatal composite outcome was less frequent in participants who received the Foley-PGE (2.4%, aRR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.75) or Foley (3.6%, aRR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29–0.89) but did not reach statistical significance for participants who received Foley-oxytocin (4.6%, aRR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40–1.01) compared with PGE only (6.8%). Participants who received Foley-PGE or Foley-oxytocin had a shorter L&D stay (adjusted mean difference = −1.97 hours, 95% CI: −3.45 to −0.49 and −5.92 hours, 95% CI: −7.07 to −4.77, respectively), compared with PGE. Conclusion In term low-risk nulliparous participants, Foley alone or concurrent with PGE is associated with a lower risk of adverse neonatal outcomes than with PGE alone. Length of L&D stay was the shortest with concurrent Foley-oxytocin. Key Points
SOLID-STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAMICIDIN CHANNEL STRUCTURE

The method of using orientational constraints derived from solid-state NMR for structural characterization of polypeptides in heterogeneous environments has now been demonstrated. A very high resolution structure has been achieved that has led to greater functional understanding of this channel. Much can be done to improve this structural technique to make it more efficient and more generally applicable. Others as well as ourselves are applying this approach to membrane proteins. Although solid-phase synthesis and specific site isotopic labeling has been essential for the development described here, one of the primary challenges is to be able to use amino acid-specific and uniform labeling of peptides and proteins by biosynthetic means for isotopic incorporation. This will allow for the study of many more proteins and significantly large proteins. Unlike solution NMR structural methods, there are no intrinsic molecular weight limitations. In fact, as the molecular weight increases the molecular motion will become less and the spectroscopic properties will improve. The major limitation will be sensitivity: as the molecular weight increases the number of moles will decrease in the samples, causing sensitivity to decrease. Advances in field strength and NMR technology help to address this problem. With larger molecules and more isotopically labeled sites resolution could also be a problem; however, the two- and three-dimensional methods demonstrated by Opella and co-workers clearly show the potential for enormous resolving power. In the 15N dimension alone it is shown that the resolution is greater than in solution NMR. Although challenges such as spectral assignments have yet to be completely solved, several approaches have been described, and the prospects are excellent for solving this and other problems facing the development of this novel approach for structural elucidation. Although there is an attempt to get away from solid-phase synthesis to solve larger molecular weight structures, peptide synthesis will continue to be important for generating single- and double-site labeled model compounds for characterizations of spin interaction tensors. Such characterizations will continue to be a very important aspect of this structural approach.
Acute Depression of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis during Anoxia CONTRIBUTIONS OF OXYGEN SENSING, MATRIX ACIDIFICATION, AND REDOX STATE

Mitochondrial protein synthesis is acutely depressed during anoxia-induced quiescence in embryos of Artemia franciscana. Oxygen deprivation is accompanied in vivo by a dramatic drop in extramitochondrial pH, and both of these alterations strongly inhibit protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria. Here we show that the oxygen dependence is not explained simply by blockage of the electron transport chain or by the increased redox state. Whereas oxygen deprivation substantially depressed protein synthesis within 5 min and resulted in a 77% reduction after 1 h, aerobic incubations with saturating concentrations of cyanide or antimycin A had little effect during the first 20 min and only a modest effect after 1 h (36 and 20% reductions, respectively). Yet the mitochondrial NAD(P)H pools were fully reduced after 2-3 min with all three treatments. This cyanide- and antimycin-insensitive but hypoxia-sensitive pattern of protein synthesis depression suggests the presence of a molecular oxygen sensor within the mitochondrion. Second, we show for the first time that acidification of extramitochondrial pH exerts inhibition on protein synthesis specifically through changes in matrix pH. Matrix pH was 8.2 during protein synthesis assays performed at the extramitochondrial pH optimum of 7.5. When this proton gradient was abolished with nigericin, the extramitochondrial pH optimum for protein synthesis displayed an alkaline shift of ~0.7 pH unit. These data suggest the presence of proton-sensitive translational components within the mitochondrion.
La aplicación restringida de Rawls en la ética de la empresa: una concepción política de la teoría de los stakeholders y de la moralidad de los mercados

El presente ensayo sostiene que los principios de justicia de Rawls proporcionan una fundamentacion normativa para la teoria de los stakeholders. Los principios articulan (en un nivel abstracto) los derechos de los ciudadanos; estos derechos crean intereses en todos los aspectos de la sociedad, incluyendo el ambito de la actividad economica; y, por lo tanto, los stakeholders –en calidad de ciudadanos–tienen intereses legitimos en dicho ambito. Asi, la obra de Rawls nos obliga a fundamentar cuestiones de la etica de la empresa en la filosofia politica: los derechos e intereses de los stakeholders (que son los derechos e intereses de los ciudadanos en la esfera economica) estan protegidos en el nivel institucional, por lo que no pueden venir determinados por los directivos ni las corporaciones.
Multitransform/multidimensional signal representation

A useful technique is presented to compactly represent multidimensional signals employing two or more transforms. This is performed by superimposing partial sets of basis functions of different transforms, which are in general, mutually non-orthogonal. Basically, the multidimensional signal is split into subsignals, each of which is represented by the dominant components of a transform, whose basis functions closely approximate the subsignal. The residual error, which is the difference between the original image and the reconstructed image is properly formulated. Adaptive algorithms are developed to minimize this error and to maximize the Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image for a fixed number of transform components. An optimization strategy is also proposed to select the dominant components from the various domains for adaptation. A simulation is presented to represent a synthetic image consisting of two sinusoids and two square waves. It is verified that it is possible to split the image spectrally into a narrowband and a broadband part, thus allowing the DCT to represent the sinusoids and the Walsh Hadamard transform to represent the square waves. This leads to excellent data compression. >
Turning the Tables: Restaurants and the Rise of the American Middle Class, 1890–1920 – By Andrew P. Haley

One of the best things about Turning the Tables is that the author spends so much time in restaurants. Readers gather a sense of the ambiance of the finest and the more middling sort of establishme...
The USDA’s Anti-Science Activism

Incoming presidential administrations frequently claim that their health and safety regulations will be “grounded in science” and not in politics, ideology, or personal preferences. The Obama administration did not depart from this script. Yet, when it comes to genetic engineering, the administration’s secretary of agriculture, Tom Vilsack, has shown a willingness to put science and the sober analyses of his own agency aside, and instead regulate in deference to special interests as well as the preferences of political appointees.
The use and manipulation of digital image files in light microscopy.

Publisher Summary Digital microscopy is the generation of the computer-based graphical representations of images as viewed and magnified by the microscope. Like camera lucida, photomicrography, and cinemicrography, graphic image files provide a permanent record of observations made in the microscope. When combined with a motorized microscope, a through-focus series can be captured, providing a three-dimensional view of the cell. Digital micrography can be used to represent the single images of fixed materials or to capture motion picture sequences of living cells. The ultimate expression of the medium is the presentation of the time-lapse motion picture sequences of three-dimensional reconstructions.