cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of psychopathy and childhood maltreatment in homicidal ideation

Abstract Purpose To investigate the relationship psychopathy and childhood maltreatment have on homicidal ideation. Methods Data was collected from 326 criminal justice involved individuals and analyzed using negative binomial regression. Psychopathy was measured using the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment Super-Short Form. Childhood maltreatment included physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Results Findings showed that psychopathy is a significantly and positively related to homicidal ideation. However, only two of the three subscales of psychopathy remained significant when the construct was disaggregated. Childhood maltreatment was a significant predictor of homicidal ideation in all of the models. Conclusion Overall, the findings suggest that researchers should continue to examine not just psychopathy but also the subscales of psychopathy. Moreover, childhood maltreatment was evidenced to be an important factor for criminologists and criminal justice practitioners to be aware of.
Say What? Barriers to Medical Interpretation at Hershey Medical Center

Previous literature demonstrates that the use of medical interpreters improves the quality of health care for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP); however, this resource is critically underutilized. We surveyed third- and fourth-year medical students, as well as internal medicine residents, to assess barriers to using medical interpreters and solutions to overcoming these barriers. These trainees indicated time (51.32%), access (32.90%) and improper training (7.46%) as the most significant barriers, and suggested formalized training on medical interpretation as a possible solution. The proportion of students reporting each of these perceived barriers did not significantly differ based on level of training (p = 0.31). The effects of formalized training on trainees’ comfort using these services and on the care provided to patients with LEP warrants future study.
Assessing the Emotional Reaction to Negative Pictures Through Electrodermal Activity Data

We are constantly exposed to countless visual stimuli that trigger different emotions and reactions in individuals. Assessing one’s own reactions to visual stimuli can be a powerful tool for diagnosing a person’s psychological state, as well as to evaluate, objectively, the effects of one’s interaction with the environment. Currently, the measurement of this emotional responsiveness to visual stimulation is mostly carried out by means of self-reporting questionnaires, which lead to a quite subjective assessment of the emotional impact of the presented stimuli. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of Electrodermal Activity (EDA) to predict the level of emotional response of individuals to negatively charged pictures. With this purpose, we collected EDA signals from 25 participants, while they visualized a sequence of 75 emotional response pictures, from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The most relevant EDA parameters, such as amplitude, area, skin conductance levels and the number of specific responses were statistically confronted with the arousal and valence of each image. This analysis showed the expected increase in the first three parameters for high arousal pictures. We also found that more neutral valenced ones had higher amplitude and skin conductance levels than pictures with negative valence. Those results show that the Electrodermal Activity can be used as an objective indicator to evaluate emotional arousal, as a response to viewing negative pictures. In addition, it opens the possibility to use such electrophysiological measurements, in a clinical, social or ludic context and, in such way improve certain forms of diagnosis, as well as assess the efficiency of visual interaction with a particular individual, while allowing for a more objective way to monitor the emotional effects of said interaction.
Prognostic Impact of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Data from a Large Population-Based Database.

Purpose Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) was considered a well-established treatment modality for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the interferon era. However, its role after the introduction of multiple targeted therapies is less well established. Herein, We evaluated the effect of CN on overall survival (OS) on patients with RCC who were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). Materials and methods A total of 5,483 patients with metastatic RCC were identified from 2010 to 2016 using the SEER database. Factors pertaining to the following variables were collected: presence or absence of CN; age; gender; grade; status of metastasis to bone, liver, lung and brain; tumor stage; nodal status; histological subtypes; and chemotherapy status. Subjects who had CN were matched with those who did not in all previously mentioned covariates using inverse probability weighting. These weights were then used in adjusted Cox regression models to report doubly robust estimates. Results CN was associated with 67% reduction in the hazards of death. Advanced T-stage, N1 disease, advanced tumor grade, non-clear histology and metastasis to bone, liver, lung or brain are independent risk factors for death. Patients with T4 disease benefited less of CN compared to those with T1 disease, while higher number of metastatic sites didn't predict worse outcome among those who had CN. Conclusion CN could provide a survival advantage in favorable risk patients with RCC in the era of targeted therapy.
Cogging Torque Analysis in a Series Hybrid Variable Flux Machine Using Lumped Magnetic Circuits

This work tries to compute cogging torque in a 36-slot 6-pole SVFM where the higher coercive force N48SH magnet is in series with the lower coercive force AlNiCo9 magnet. A lumped parameter model of the SVFM is developed based on the magnetic flux lines in a slot-less machine obtained using the finite element analysis (FEA) method. The air gap flux density in the slot-less 6-pole SVFM is calculated using the developed lumped magnetic circuit model at different magnetization levels of the AlNiCo9 magnet. The error between the analytical and FEA results of air gap flux density is less than 4% at lower magnetization levels. By utilizing the air gap flux density in an equivalent slot-less machine and the relative air gap permeance function, the cogging torque of the 36-slot 6-pole SVFM is computed and compared to the analytical results at different magnetization levels of the AlNiCo9 magnet.
Characterization of Mutations That Allow p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate Utilization by Escherichia coli

An Escherichia coli strain deficient in p-aminobenzoate synthesis was mutagenized, and derivatives were selected for growth on folic acid. Supplementation was shown to be due to p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate present as a breakdown product in commercial folic acid preparations. Two classes of mutations characterized by the minimum concentration of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate that could support growth were obtained. Both classes of mutations were genetically and physically mapped to about 30 min on the E. coli chromosome. A cloned wild-type gene from this region, abgT (formerly ydaH) could confer a similar p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization phenotype on the parental strain. Interruption of abgT on the plasmid or on the chromosome of the mutant strain resulted in a loss of the phenotype. abgT was the third gene in an apparent operon containing abgA, abgB, abgT, and possibly ogt and might be regulated by a divergently transcribed LysR-type regulator encoded by abgR. Two different single-base-pair mutations that gave rise to the p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization phenotype lay in the abgR-abgA intercistronic region and appeared to allow the expression of abgT. The second class of mutation was due to a tandem duplication of abgB and abgT fused to fnr. The abgA and abgB gene products were homologous to one another and to a family of aminoacyl aminohydrolases. p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate hydrolysis could be detected in extracts from several of the mutant strains, but intact abgA and abgB were not essential for p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate utilization when abgT was supplied in trans.
Types of crimes committed by repeat DUI offenders

This study investigates whether repeat driving under the influence (DUI) offenders have more extensive histories of violent, property, and drug crimes than first-time drunk drivers. It also offers an exploratory investigation into the extent of their criminal specialization. Negative binomial regression was performed on arrest and criminal history data from a systematic random sample of 429 DUI arrestees. Analyses controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and employment found that being a repeat DUI offender increased the total number of violent and property convictions (regardless of severity) and petty misdemeanor/violation property convictions. The results suggest DUI recidivists are generalists rather than specialists and that impaired driving is best viewed as just one manifestation of a host of deviant behaviors. They also illustrate the challenges of rehabilitating and deterring DUI recidivists and the potential differences between first-time and repeat DUI offenders. The findings should not be inter...
Genetics and Social Behavior

We focus on the effects of gene differences on social and behavioral differences among individuals and among larger groups of individuals. Many specific genetic markers are known that influence aspects of personality and behavior. The focus on single genes and groups of genes is giving way to quantitative genetics, the statistical study of transmission of characteristics viewed as the outcome of the effects of very large numbers of genes. While traditional social science largely ignores the effects of genetically transmitted influences, the subject persists and grows in importance. Classical quantitative genetic methods may give much insight into human behavioral diversity and they provide the “right” way to measure and assess variation in rates of threshold traits. We discuss examples, trends, and possibilities for the incorporation of genetic data and models in the social and behavioral sciences without advocating major changes in practice. Keywords: genes; heritability; quantitative genetics; kinship; polymorphism; mutation
Forward body biased keeper for enhanced noise immunity in domino logic circuits

A forward body biased keeper circuit technique is proposed in this paper for enhancing the robustness of dynamic circuits. The proposed circuit technique is evaluated as an alternative to the standard approach of increasing the physical size of a keeper transistor for enhanced noise immunity. The forward body biased keeper circuit technique has a lower speed penalty under the same noise immunity conditions as compared to a standard keeper sizing technique. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit technique can be further increased provided that the junction temperature is reduced using active cooling and refrigeration.
Am I my profession's keeper?

Conscientious refusal is distinguished by its peculiar attitude towards the obligations that the objector refuses: the objector accepts the authority of the institution in general, but claims a right of conscience to refuse some particular directive. An adequate ethics of conscientious objection will, then, require an account of the institutional obligations that the objector claims a right to refuse. Yet such an account must avoid two extremes: ‘anarchism,’ where obligations apply only insofar as they match individual conscience; and ‘totalitarianism,’ where even immoral obligations bind us. The challenge is to explain institutional obligations in such a way that an agent can be obligated to act against conscience, yet can object if the institution's orders go too far. Standard accounts of institutional obligations rely on individual autonomy, expressed through consent. This paper rejects the Consent model; a better understanding of institutional obligations emerges from reflecting on the intersecting goods produced by institutions and the intersecting autonomy of numerous distinct agents rather than only one. The paper defends ‘Professionalism’ as a grounding of professional obligations. The professional context can justify acting against conscience but more often that context partly shapes the professional conscience. Yet Professionalism avoids totalitarianism by distinguishing between (mere) injustice and abuse. When institutions are – or we conscientiously believe them to be – merely unjust, their directives still obligate us; when they are abusive, however, they do not. Finally, the paper applies these results to the problem of conscientious refusal in general and specifically to controversial reproduction cases.
The effect of aluminum and boron solid-source doping on recombination in silicon solar cells

The recombination properties of p-type diffusions formed by aluminum diffused into the silicon from an evaporated layer and boron diffused from a B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ layer deposited on the silicon from solid doping sources is investigated. The contactless photoconductivity decay method was used to separate the emitter saturation current density J/sub o/ of the diffusions themselves from the effect of the diffusion process on the bulk lifetime in the substrate. Al diffusions were found to have very high values of J/sub o/, ranging from approximately 66*10/sup -13/ A/cm/sup 2/ at a diffusion temperature of 850 degrees C, to approximately 20*10/sup -13/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 1100 degrees C. However, the detrimental effect of these high J/sub o/ values on cell efficiency can be managed by reducing the coverage fraction of the diffusions. Bulk lifetimes remained high at approximately 2000 mu s after Al diffusion at temperatures from 850 degrees C to 1100 degrees C. >
Overview of respiratory care research.

Few health care workers are directly involved in conducing research, but all must be able to read and understand scientific reports in medical journals. They must be familiar with the basic concepts of research in order to practice as professionals. The most important skill is the ability to read and critically evaluate published reports. Health care administrators rely on the results of studies to help solve problems and make decisions about important subjects, such as cost containment, productivity assessment, and continuous quality improvement. Educators must stay current with new technology and its evidence base. Both administrators and educators must be familiar with basic research concepts in order to be informed consumers of research information. Research attempts to find answers using the scientific method. This report describes the steps in the scientific method, the overall plan for conducting scientific research, and some basic skills required to successfully conduct research.
From the doctor's workshop to the iron cage? Evolving modes of physician control in US health systems

As national health systems pursue the common goals of containing expenditure growth and improving quality, many have sought to replace autonomous modes (systems) of physician control that rely on initial professional training and subsequent peer review. A common approach has involved extending bureaucratic modes of physiciancontrol that employ techniques such as hierarchical coordination and salaried positions. This paper applies concepts from studies of professional work to frame an empirical analysis of emergent bureaucratic modes of physician control in US hospital-based systems. Conceptually, we draw from recent studies to update Scott's (Health Services Res. 17(3) (1982) 213) typology to specify three bureaucratic modes of physician control: heteronomous, conjoint, and custodial. Empirically, we use case study evidence from eight US hospital-based systems to illustrate the heterogeneity of bureaucratic modes of physician control that span each of the ideal types. The findings indicate that some influential analysts perpetuate a caricature of bureaucratic organization which underplays its capacity to provide multiple modes of physician control that maintain professional autonomy over the content of work, and present opportunities for aligning practice with social goals.
Putting Things in Order: Trade Dynamics and Product Cycles

We develop a procedure to rank-order objects using censored panel data sets. We illustrate this by ranking countries and commodities using disaggregated American import data and find evidence that ...
Sorption of hexazinone, sulfometuron methyl, and tebuthiuron on acid, low base saturated sands

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the sorption of hexazinone, sulfometuron methyl, and tebuthiuron on six acid, low base saturated sands as a function of depth. Sorption Kd values for tebuthiuron on these soils ranged from 0.002 to 3.6 L kg−1 with greatest sorption on soils from the surface 0–5 cm depth and least on soils from depths > 65 cm. Sorption is correlated to OC content of the soil; mean Koc = 39 ± 22 L kg−1. Hexazinone Kd values ranged from 0.0011 to 1.10 L kg−1. Sorption is correlated to soil OC; mean Koc = 19 ± 13 L kg−1. Kd for sulfometuron methyl sorption to soils of 0–20 cm depths ranged from 0.04 to 0.6. Sorption of sulfometuron methyl on soil from depths 65–95 cm was less than in the surface soils and was approximately equal to that of tebuthiuron at the same depth. In contrast to tebuthiuron and hexazinone, using data for all soils and from all depths, sorption did not correlate to OC content. It appears that factors affecting sorption change with soil depth. For instance, sorption is correlated to OC for surface soils (0–20 cm depths), Koc = 5.4 ± 3.4, and for subsurface soils (65–95 cm depths), Koc = 44 ± 22. It appears that once these three herbicides leach past the top 10 cm of these soils, retardation of the herbicides would be slight.
Motivating the Church-Turing thesis in the twenty-first century

Theory of Computation students frequently fail to appreciate the significance of the Church---Turing Thesis for one of two reasons. First, there is a tendency, on the part of students, to regard Church---Turing as tautologous and, consequently, devoid of important content. Second, there is a contrary impulse to view Church---Turing as unmotivated or even implausible. We describe our experience using simulation software in an effort to combat these two tendencies.
Test And Evaluation Of A 60-Inch Test Mirror

A facility for interferometric test and evaluation of large mirrors has been developed to aid in the fabrication of a 60- inch diameter f/2.3 hyperboloid. Testing takes place in a test chamber which provides vibration isolation and thermal stabili ty in a clean room environment. The uncoated mirror is floated on a calibrated metrology mount located upon a six-degree-of-freedom table used to align and orient the mirror to a fixed geometry metrology unit. The metrology unit consists of a Co-axial Reference Interferometer (CORI) and a reflective null corrector which produces interferograms in the form of photographic negatives. Interferograms of this concave hyperboloidal primary mirror are evaluated in the Interferogram Analysis Facility (IAF) which employs a scanning microdensitometer, and fringe extraction and analysis software specially developed for high performance applications. The IAF routinely provides surface figure analyses in the form of contour and aberration data. This includes multiple measurement statistics as well as aberration calculations based on polynomials orthonormalized over an annulus.
Streak camera phosphors: response to ultrashort excitation

Common streak camera phosphors such as P-i 1 and P-20 have conversion efficiencies that depend on the duration of the excitation pulse. This reciprocity failure leads to the poor sensitivity that has been reported for streak camera systems. An alternative phosphor P-46 which has a very short persistence time appears to have a more linear response. In this paper we report on the conversion efficiency of these phosphors as measured with a photometrically calibrated CCD as well as a study of the rise and fall times of the phosphorescence. Excitation pulse durations range from 20 ps to 300 ms. 1.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Patterns of locoregional failure in stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy

Abstract Purpose Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is the core treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but potential toxicities limit radiation therapy dose. These toxicities, plus the advent of increasingly conformal radiation therapy, have prioritized target definition and the use of involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT). Published data largely focus on regional rather than local failure patterns. We report our pattern-of-failure experience treating patients with LA-NSCLC with definitive CRT, focusing on both local and regional recurrences with detailed dosimetric analyses of failure location. Methods and materials Patients treated between December 2004-2010 were included. Imaging scans from date of failure were fused with the RT-planning CT scan, and recurrent nodes were contoured to determine if the recurrence was in a previously irradiated region, defined as involved nodal recurrence (INR) versus elective nodal recurrence (ENR). Local failures were contoured and identified as in-field, marginal, or out-of-field based on dose received. Actuarial overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated, and the cumulative incidences of local, regional, locoregional, and distant recurrence (CILR, CIRR, CILRR, CIDR) were determined with death as a competing risk. Results One hundred five patients were included with a median survival of 21.8 months. The 3-year OS and PFS were 36% and 22%, respectively. The 3 year CILRR, CILR, CIRR, CIDR were 41%, 38%, 40%, and 58%, respectively. Thirty patients failed regionally, but only 7 patients developed an ENR with no concurrent local failure or INR, and only 1 of these patients did not develop distant metastases within 1 month of recurrence. A total of 21 patients (20%) developed an ENR with or without other areas of recurrence. Conclusions Elective regional recurrences rarely occurred as the sole site of failure, despite the use of IFRT. Moreover, the pattern of local failure was entirely in-field. These data strongly support field design focusing on gross nodal and primary disease.
Studies in the colonial history of Spanish America

1. The Conquistadors and the Rewards of Conquest Bands of warriors in the Reconquest of Spain 2. The Spanish Empire in the Indies: from Christendom to the System of Nation States 3. The Institutions and Founding Ideas of the Spanish State in the Indies 4. Trends in Colonial History and Changes in the Founding 5. The Enlightenment, Enlightened Despotism and the Ideological Crisis in the Colonies 6. The New World in Eschatological and Utopian Writings of the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries 7. The Problem of Periodisation of Post-Columbian History.
An electrolytic chlorination system for pretreatment and post-treatment in desalination systems

Abstract The Uniclor® system is a commercially tested system for on-site chlorine generation from salt. Its characteristics are: Lower cost than hypochlorine solutions, safe and environmentally clean operation, a way to eliminate transportation and storage of chlorine or chlorine-containing chemicals, a modular in design to meet varying capacity needs, and is electrically operated for quick start/stop operation and regulation of chlorine produced.
Incorporating Tasting into a conjoint Analysis of Taste, Health Claim, Price and brand for Purchasing Strawberry Yogurt.

The objective of this research was to examine some considerations arising from incorporating tasting into a conjoint analysis procedure studying the effects of taste, brand, price and health claim on the buying intent for strawberry yogurt. Specifically, the considerations were: (1) whether people could remember the sensory qualities of the products tasted well enough to re-identify them in a follow-up test, and (2) whether their memory of their liking for the products was stable. Two hundred people who purchased and ate strawberry yogurt participated in a three-part test session. Part 1) They tasted and rated their liking for three yogurt samples and either did or did not take notes on the sensory attributes of the yogurts. Part 2) They rated 27 mock yogurt labels representing 3 brands x 3 taste qualities x 3 prices x 3 health claims on a buying intent scale. Part 3) They rated their liking of the three yogurt samples either from memory or by retasting and they attempted to re-identify the three yogurt samples. Taking notes improved the proportion of completely correct re-identifications (75% vs 50%). Liking reratings from memory were as stable as liking reratings by retasting. Taste and health claim had the largest influence on buying intent; brand had little influence on buying intent.
NOAA draft scientific integrity policy: Comment period open through 20 August

[1] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is aiming to finalize its draft scientific integrity policy possibly by the end of the year, Larry Robinson, NOAA assistant secretary for conservation and management, indicated during a 28 July teleconference. The policy “is key to fostering an environment where science is encouraged, nurtured, respected, rewarded, and protected,” Robinson said, adding that the agency's comment period for the draft policy, which was released on 16 June, ends on 20 August. “Science underpins all that NOAA does. This policy is one piece of a broader effort to strengthen NOAA science,” Robinson said, noting that the draft “represents the first ever scientific integrity policy for NOAA. Previously, our policy only addressed research misconduct and focused on external grants. What's new about this policy is that it establishes NOAA's principles for scientific integrity, a scientific code of conduct, and a code of ethics for science supervision and management.”
A risk prediction index for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in adults with congenital heart disease.

Amiodarone therapy in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with a significant risk of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). We developed a risk index to identify those patients being considered for amiodarone treatment who are at high risk for AIT. We reviewed the health records of adults with CHD and assessed the association between potential clinical predictors and AIT. Significant predictors were included in multivariate analyses. The parameter estimates from multivariate analysis were subsequently used to develop a risk index. 169 adults met eligibility criteria and 23 developed AIT. The final model included age, cyanotic heart disease and BMI. The risk index developed identified 3 categories of risk. Their AIT likelihood ratios were: 0.37 for low risk (95% CI 0.15–0.92); 1.12 for medium risk (95% CI 0.65–1.91); and 3.47 for high risk (95% CI 1.7–7.11). The AIT predicted risk in our population was 5% for the low risk group, 15% for the medium risk group and 47% for the high risk group. Conclusions. We derived the first model to quantify the risk for developing AIT among adults with CHD. Before using it clinically to help selecting among alternative antiarrhythmic options, it needs validation in an independent population.
Thermal excitations of warped membranes.

The authors study the elastic properties of warped membranes at finite temperature including the effects of thermal fluctuations. This work reveals an anomalous length-scale dependence of effective elastic constants and assesses the relative importance of quenched random warping and thermal fluctuations.
DEFINING POLYCYTHEMIA: A REAPPRAISAL

The first cases of neonatal polycythemia were described over 25 years ago. To date, controversy still exists as to what critical level of hematocrit (hct) should be utilized to define this syndrome. The most common definition has been a venous hct of 65% or greater. Values as low as 60% or as high as 70% have also been suggested. In addition, the relationship between polycythemia and hyperviscosity is poorly described. We re-evaluated the definition of polycythemia based on neonatal symptoms and long-term outcome at 1-2 yrs of age and evaluated the relationship between hct and viscosity. The subjects were infants referred for further screening because of high hcts. Viscosity measurements were made using the methods and standards of Gross et al. (1973). Viscosity and venous hct were coded for 225 infants. Follow-up was available on 158 (70%). Among infants studied, elevated viscosity measurements were not limited to those with venous hct of 65% or greater. Eleven percent of infants had an abnormal viscosity, although hct was less than 65%. The enrollment mechanism did not permit identification of the lowest hct at which abnormal viscosity could be found. Infants whose venous hcts were between 65 and 69% were as likely to have neonatal symptoms as infants with hcts between 60 and 64%. Infants with markedly abnormal hcts (>69%) had similar neonatal courses. Infants with symptoms in more than one organ system varied from 26-30% of each group. Similarly, outcome measurements were not different among the three groups. No evidence of long-term sequelae was found in 44-65% of the children. In conclusion, determinations of a critical level of hct does not fully account for the effects of neonatal hyperviscosity. It is also likely that additional factors influence peripheral blood flow and must be considered when attempting to predict which infants with elevated hcts will have neonatal symptoms or long-term sequelae.
Sujetos colectivos en búsqueda de sustentabilidad pesquera: relatos de los miembros de una comunidad de pescadores artesanales, V región, Chile

A nivel nacional e internacional los desembarques de pesca se han incrementado cuantiosamente en los ultimos decenios generando el colapso de diversas pesquerias. Los testimonios de los miembros de la comunidad de pescadores artesanales de la V region son uno de los ejemplos concretos de este proceso. Se argumento que estas crisis eran provocadas por la “Tragedia de los Comunes” y que era necesario establecer Cuotas Individuales Transferibles (CIT) para asegurar los derechos de propiedad. La version nacional, con la ley 19.713, establecio la privatizacion del acceso a la pesca con los Limites Maximos de Captura por Armador (LMCA), para el sector industrial, y, posteriormente, con la ley 19.849, los Regimenes Artesanales de Extraccion (RAE), para el sector artesanal. El 2012 vencen estas leyes y los pescadores artesanales deberian tener un rol significativo en la determinacion de la nueva administracion pesquera, por cuanto ellos, al depender de los ecosistemas marinos para su subsistencia, tienen genuino interes en la sustentablidad del manejo pesquero.
Food and sexual identity among the Culina

(1985). Food and sexual identity among the Culina. Food and Foodways: Vol. 1, No. 1-2, pp. 25-41.
Concentration of TCDD in fish and the potential for human exposure

Abstract Levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) measured in fish from U.S. lakes and rivers confirm that TCDD is bioaccumulating in fish, and that low-level contamination of fish is widespread. As a result, many state and federal agencies have issued guidelines restricting or banning the consumption of TCDD-contaminated fish. This paper evaluates and interprets data on TCDD levels in fish collected as part of the EPA's National Dioxin Study and estimates the extent of human exposure due to ingestion of TCDD-contaminated fish. Results indicate that mean TCDD concentrations in whole fish and fish fillets from urban areas are low (0.4 and 0.3 pg/g, respectively) and that consumption of TCDD-contaminated fish is not a major pathway of human exposure, accounting for only 5% to 12.5% of total daily intake of TCDD. Assuming that the mean concentration of TCDD in whole fish is 0.4 pg/g, the steady-state bioconcentration factor for TCDD in fish is estimated to be approximately 140 000. The maximum concentration in fish fillets that does not pose an unacceptable health risk to average U.S. fish consumers is 81 pg/g.
Neural space and biomechanical integrity of the developing cervical spine in compression.

STUDY DESIGN A factorial study design was used to examine the biomechanical and neuroprotective integrity of the cervical spine throughout maturation using a postmortem baboon model. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes with spinal development that affect the neuroprotective ability of the cervical spine in compressive loading. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Child spinal cord injuries claim and debilitate thousands of children in the United States each year. Many of these injuries are diagnostically and mechanistically difficult to classify, treat, and prevent. Biomechanical studies on maturing spinal tissues have identified decreased stiffness and tolerance characteristics for children compared with adults. Unfortunately, while neurologic deficit typically dictates functional outcome, no previous studies have examined the neuroprotective role of the pediatric cervical spine. METHODS Twenty-two postmortem baboon cervical spines across the developmental age spectrum were tested. Two functional spinal unit segments (Oc-C2, C3-C5, and C6-T1) were instrumented with transducers to measure dynamic changes in the spinal canal. These tissues were compressed to 70% strain dynamically, and the resultant mechanics and spinal canal occlusions were recorded. RESULTS Classic injury patterns were observed in all of the specimens tested. The compressive mechanics exhibited a significant age relationship (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, while the peak-percent spinal canal occlusion was not age dependent, the percent occlusion just before failure did demonstrate a significant decrease with advancing age (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The neuroprotective ability of the cervical spine preceding failure appears to be age dependent, where the young spine can produce greater spinal canal occlusions without failure than its adult counterpart. The overall percent of the spinal canal occluded during a compression injury was not age dependent; however, these data reveal the neuroprotective ability of the child spine to be more sensitive as an injury predictor than the biomechanical fracture data.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Following Small Bowel Resection

Background: Adaptation following massive small bowel resection (SBR) is an important compensatory response. While epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to augment this response, the mechanism and role of EGF and its intestinal receptor (EGF-R) during adaptation are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massive SBR and adaptation on intestinal expression of EGF-R. Materials and methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent either a 75% mid-SBR with primary reanastomosis or sham operation (bowel transection with reanastomosis). Ileal mucosa was harvested from animals of each group at 6 and 12 hr, 1, 3, and 5 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after operation. Expression of EGF-R protein was studied by Western blotting. Expression of EGF-R mRNA was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions normalized to β-actin. Results: When compared with sham, SBR resulted in a modest (32%) increase in the expression of EGF-R mRNA at 1 week (P< 0.003). A twofold greater expression of EGF-R protein corresponded to this time point. While not statistically significant, expression of EGF-R mRNA was slightly greater after SBR at every other time point measured. Conclusion: Following massive SBR, expression of both EGF-R mRNA and protein is slightly increased in the ileum with a more pronounced increase in protein. These findings, which have not previously been reported, suggest that changes in EGF-R signaling may not play a major role during the initiation and or progression of intestinal adaptation following massive SBR.
The Effects of Studying Decimal and Nondecimal Numeration Systems on Mathematical Understanding, Retention, and Transfer.

D ienes (1960) suggests it is possible to accelerate the growth in children of mathematical concepts by putting suitable experiences in the children's way-experiences structured so that all possible variables contained in the concepts are made to vary. With respect to the concept of a placevalue system of numeration, Dienes suggests the variables involved are: (1) the digits (0, 1, 2, . . ., 9, and others one might invent); (2) the powers or place values (one, ten, hundred, thousand, etc., for base ten); and (3) the base (any number greater than one). For example, the number represented with the base-ten numeral 126 can also be represented with the base-three numeral 11200, where 126 (ten) = 1 x 102 + 2 x 10' + 6 x 10'", and 11200 (three) =1 x 34 + 1 x 3: + 2 x 32 + 0 x 31 + 0 x 30. If the concept of a place-value system is learned via a study of the baseten system alone, Dienes suggests that students will form associations rather than true abstractions. To provide for a greater degree of generality of the learned concepts, exposure to nondecimal systems is essential. In fact, Dienes's motivating principle, the "Mathematical Variability Principle," urges one to expose students to the greatest possible number of instances of
Predictors of medical service utilization among individuals with co-occurring HIV infection and substance abuse disorders

This study examined factors affecting medical service use among HIV-infected persons with a substance abuse disorder. The sample comprised 190 participants enrolled in a randomized trial of a case management intervention. Participants were interviewed about their backgrounds, housing status, income, alcohol and drug use problems, health status and depressive symptoms at study entry. Electronic medical records were used to assess medical service use. Poisson regression models were tested to determine the effects of need, enabling and predisposing factors on the dependent variables of emergency department visits, inpatient admissions and ambulatory care visits. During a two-year period, 71% were treated in the emergency department, 64% had been hospitalized and the sample averaged 12.9 ambulatory care visits. Homelessness was associated with higher utilization of emergency department and inpatient services; drug use severity was associated with higher inpatient and ambulatory care service use; and alcohol u...
The Case for OBLS: A Simulation-based Obstetric Life Support Program

Errors by health care professionals result in significant patient morbidity and mortality, and the labor and delivery ward is one of the highest risk areas in the hospital. Parturients today are of higher acuity than anytime previously, and maternal mortality is increasing. Obstetrical staff must therefore be familiar with emergency protocols geared to the maternal-fetal dyad. However, the medical literature suggests that obstetrical providers are not optimally trained to render care during maternal cardiopulmonary arrest. We describe the evolution of immersive learning and simulation in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, and suggest the development of a multidisciplinary team, simulation-enhanced obstetric crisis training program (OBLS) may likewise benefit obstetrical health care professionals. OBLS would emphasize high quality basic life support, uterine displacement, use of an automatic external defibrillator, and delivery of the fetus within 5 minutes of maternal arrest should resuscitative efforts prove ineffective.
Potentialmessungen an Molybdän und einer Nickel‐Eisen Molybdän‐Legierung in Schwefelsäure

Bleche aus Molybdan, einer Nickel-Eisen-Molybdan(60/20/20)-Legierung und aus Nickel werden in Schwefelsaure anodisch belastet und das gegen eine Kalomelelektrode sich einstellende Potential gemessen. Die Zunahme des Potentials ϵK (mV) mit der Stromdichte i (mA/cm2) last sich durch Tafelsche Gleichungen ϵK = ϵ + b · log i beschreiben. Weiterhin gilt ϵl = ϵ + K · log n (n = Saurenormalitat). Die Potentiale der Nickel-Eisen-Molybdan-Legierung liegen zwischen den fur Molybdan und Nickel gefundenen. Ihr Wert wird auserdem durch die Art der Gluhbehandlung beeinflust. Potential measurements on molybdenum and a nickel-iron-molybdenum alloy in sulphuric acid Plates consisting of molybdenum, a nickel-iron-molybdenum (60/20/20) alloy, and nickel are subjected to anodic stress in sulphuric acid, and the potential against a calomel electrode is measured. The increase of the potential ϵK (m V) as a function of the current density i (m A/cm2) can be described by Tafel's equations ϵK = ϵl + b · log i. The equation ϵl = ϵ + K · log n (where n is the acid normality) also applies. The potentials of the nickel-iron-molybdenum alloy lie between those found for molybdenum and nickel, respectively. The value also depends on the type of heat treatment.
Optical, electrochemical, and conductive properties of poly(3-alkoxy-2,5-thienylene vinylenes)

Alkoxy substituted poly(thienylene vinylenes) are conductive, electrochemically reversibly acceptor and donor dopable, and have ionization potentials and band gaps that are significantly less than those of the parent, unsubstituted polymer.
Pregait balance rehabilitation in acute stroke patients.

Rehabilitation interventions designed to enhance balance control in individuals with acute stroke are quite limited. The goal was to develop and assess a technique of early pregait balance training involving the use of a combination of force platform visual feedback and the unweighting system in ind
Performance of dairy goats fed soybean meal or meat and bone meal with or without urea during early lactation.

Abstract Use of meat and bone meal for early lactation rations was studied. In Experiment 1, 18 Alpine goats were used in a 15-wk lactation trial. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were fed (15% CP and 2.3 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy) containing soybean meal, meat and bone meal with urea, or meat and bone meal without urea. Dry matter intake was 2.21, 2.30, and 2.34 kg/d for does fed soybean meal, meat and bone meal with urea, and meat and bone meal without urea, respectively. Milk production was 2.50. 2.67, and 2.66 kg/d in the same sequence. Rumen ammonia N (mg/dl) and total VFA (m M ) were 12.9 and 81.5, 21.4 and 76.3, and 12.2 and 81.6 for does fed soybean meal, meat and bone meal with urea, and meat and bone meal, respectively. Serum urea N was higher in does fed meat and bone meal with urea, and no differences were observed in serum total protein and plasma glucose concentrations. In Experiment 2, 4 mature, castrated male goats were used to estimate digestibilities and retention of nutrients in three diets. Digestibilities of NDF and P and retention of P were higher in goats fed the meat and bone meal diet. Allowance of absorbed protein for milk production was calculated to be 81 to 83 g/kg 4% FCM. Meat and bone meal may be utilized efficiently by lactating does as a protein less degradable in the rumen, Ca, and P source; and may be beneficial for higher milk production during early lactation.
Composition of plasma lipoproteins of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias.

Abstract 1. 1. The protein, free fatty acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid content of the plasma lipoproteins from the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias have been determined. 2. 2. The chylomicron and the very low density lipoprotein fractions carry the major portion of the lipids. 3. 3. The free fatty acid content in the lipoprotein fractions is considerably higher than in the comparable mammalian fractions with the exception that the amount carried in the d >1·21 fraction is lower. 4. 4. A different role for lipoproteins as a lipid-carrier mechanism in the elasmobranch and the mammal is suggested.
Scientific assessment of the accuracy of detection of deception: a reply to Lykken.

Criticisms by Lykken (1978) of the research reported by Raskin and Hare (1978) and other research and findings on the accuracy of detection of deception are examined. In light of the available data and evidence, Lykken's arguments are found to be deficient in terms of accuracy, consistency, and validity.
Inland fields of dispersed cobbles and boulders as evidence for a tsunami on Anegada, British Virgin Islands

Marine overwash from the north a few centuries ago transported hundreds of angular cobbles and boulders tens to hundreds of meters southward from limestone outcrops in the interior of Anegada, 140 km east–northeast of Puerto Rico. We examined two of several cobble and boulder fields as part of an effort to interpret whether the overwash resulted from a tsunami or a storm in a location where both events are known to occur. One of the cobble and boulder field extends 200 m southward from limestone outcrops that are 300 m inland from the island’s north shore. The other field extends 100 m southward from a limestone knoll located 800 m from the nearest shore. In the two fields, we measured the size, orientation, and spatial distribution of a total of 161 clasts and determined their stratigraphic positions with respect to an overwash sand and shell sheet deposit. In both fields, we found the spacing between clasts increased southward and that clast long-axis orientations are consistent with a transport trending north–south. Almost half the clasts are partially buried in a landward thinning and fining overwash sand and none were found embedded in the shelly mud of a pre-overwash marine pond. The two cobble and boulder fields resemble modern tsunami deposits in which dispersed clasts extend inland as a single layer. The fields contrast with coarse clast storm deposits that often form wedge-shaped shore-parallel ridges. These comparisons suggest that the overwash resulted from a tsunami and not from a storm.
Legibility of video display units : one more look

Abstract Linear regression is often used to analyse and summarize data, and to uncover, clarify, and simplify a data structure. The outcome of these activities depends on both the analyst's domain-specific knowledge and on the data. Analysing the data also affects the analyst's understanding about the data and, hence, the act of analysing data is inherently a recursive activity, with each new iteration potentially providing additional insights. This process calls for a strategy of exploratory data analysis that consists of techniques for flexibly analysing, summarizing, and re-expressing the data.
Carbon pile voltage regulators for aircraft

THE CARBON pile voltage regulator used on aircraft is an electromechanical device designed to maintain constant generator voltage under the varying loads and speeds encountered. The speed requirement is especially severe as aircraft generators are driven from the main engines and thus are subjected to a speed range of at least two to one.
Viral regulatory region effects on vertical transmission of polyomavirus SV40 in hamsters.

Abstract Viral strain differences influence the oncogenic potential of polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40). We hypothesized that viral strain differences might also affect vertical transmission of SV40 in susceptible hosts. Pregnant Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 7 plaque-forming units of SV40 and offspring were sacrificed post-delivery (1–21 days, 6 months). Organ extracts were analyzed for SV40 DNA by polymerase chain reaction assay. Transmission of SV40 from mother to offspring was detected in over half of litters. Most placentas were virus-positive. Mothers inoculated with SV40 strains containing complex regulatory regions transmitted virus more frequently than those infected with simple enhancer viruses ( p p