cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automating operations for NASA's deep space network (DSN)

The DSN is the communication gateway to NASA's Earth Orbiting and planetary spacecraft. The DSN is unique among space communication systems in that it is link configurable. For each pass of a spacecraft, there is a set of antennas, receivers, transmitters, and other signal processing subsystems which can be combined to complete a tracking cycle. In the past, when the number of orbiting satellites and planetary spacecraft were fairly small, manual control of this complex tracking system was manageable. However, with the growth in planned missions for Mars, Venus, the sun, outer planets, comet flybys, and asteroid encounters, it is becoming increasingly clear that the complex tasks associated with antenna control/coordination and telemetry capture will eventually overwhelm existing tracking crews. Mistakes in data entry/retrieval can result in loss of valuable science data as well as spacecraft control blackout. This paper describes the DSN automation system design, functions, test results, and actual field implementation experience.
Response of Yield Attributes of Isogenic Tall, Semidwarf, and Doubledwarf Winter Wheats to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seeding Rates

Relationships between grain yield attributes and response to agronomic practices of dwarf and tall genotypes in the major U.S. wheat region were investigated. Isogenic tall, semidwarf, and doubledwarf (Norin 10/5/Pawnee) ‘Pawnee’ winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines were planted in a split-split-plot design with nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 50, and 100 kg ha−1 as main plots and seeding rates of 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1 as subplots in four replications at Hutchinson and Manhattan, Kansas, during 1980–1981. There was no evidence that dwarf lines responded better than the tall line to nitrogen fertilizer; however, percentage fertile spikelets, spike length, harvest index, and kernel number per spike of the semidwarf line were favored by high nitrogen rates. Grain yield was more responsive to seeding rate in the doubledwarf line than in the other lines, and test weight and spike number per unit area were more responsive to seeding rate in one or both dwarf lines than in the tall line. Grain yield of each genotype depended highly on the predominant yield attributes — usually spike number per unit area and/or kernel weight — at one or both locations.
Solder wetting in a wafer-level flip chip assembly

Wafer-level flip chips provide an innovative solution in establishing flip chip as a standard surface mount process. In this paper, the wetting of solder bumps within confining underfill during the reflow of a wafer-level flip chip assembly is addressed. For real time monitoring of an assembly during the reflow process, a system using a high-speed camera is utilized. The collapse of solder bumps on the chip in the vertical direction is found to be a prerequisite of solder wetting. Underfill voids and outgassing are found to cause chip drift and tilt during the reflow process. In addition, symmetry of the underfill flow and fillet formation is identified as a critical factor in maintaining chip to substrate alignment. During solder wetting of the metallization pads on the substrate, the underfill needs to maintain a low viscosity. With the selection of a thermally stable underfill and corresponding process development, wafer-level flip chip assemblies with good solder interconnects are demonstrated.
Performance Improvement for Collection Operations Using Join Query Optimization

Programming languages with explicit support for queries over collections allow programmers to express operations on collections more abstractly than relying on their realization in loops or through provided libraries. Join optimization techniques from the field of database technology support efficient realizations of such language constructs. We describe an algorithm that performs run-time query optimization and is effective for single runs of a program. The proposed approach relies on histograms built from the data at run time to estimate the selectivity of joins and predicates in order to construct query plans. Information from earlier executions of the same query during run time can be leveraged during the construction of the query plans, even when the data has changed between these executions. Experimental results demonstrate improvement over earlier approaches, such as JQL.
Effectiveness and Safety of the Dornier Compact Lithotriptor: An Evaluative Multicenter Study

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the Dornier compact lithotriptor for management of renal stones.Materials and Methods: We administered 191 treatments to 169 patients with renal stones on 176 occasions with the patient under combined parental sedation and analgesia. The Dornier Compact lithotriptor is mobile and ultrasound guided, and uses an electromagnetic energy source.Results: A total of 22 patients required a second treatment (13 percent), 123 (72.8 percent) were stone-free, 26 (15.4 percent) had fragments less than 4 mm. large, 16 (9.5 percent) had stone fragments larger than 4 mm. and 4 (2.4 percent) required auxiliary therapy (treatment failures). The side effects were mostly mild to moderate, with nausea and/or vomiting reported in 26 patients (14 percent), colic or pain in 66 (39 percent), ureteral obstruction in 2, steinstrasse in 7 (4 percent) and fever in 1.Our clinical results indicate that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was effective for treatment of stones in...
Parental choice, neighbourhood schools, and the market metaphor in urban education reform:

Critics of many popular urban school reforms in the United States allege that these reform efforts unfairly insert market forces into the public domain, resulting in widening inequalities. In this ...
The infection control committee

Hospital epidemiologists translate their expertise into institutional policy and gain the support of administrators through the infection control committee. Committee members have the important task of helping to disseminate information to all important hospital constituencies. The infection control team can facilitate its goals by properly preparing committee members for the meeting. A well-educated committee will approve policies efficiently. The committee periodically should reassess its accomplishments and goals. This article will explore the workings of the infection control committee and will suggest strategies that the hospital epidemiologist can use to make the committee an asset rather than a hindrance. an asset rather than a hindrance.
Phosphate Glass as a Phosphate Source in High Cell Density Escherichia coli Fermentations

Polyphosphate glass (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, glassy) was identified and tested as a source of phosphate that supports growth of recombinant Escherichia coli to cell densities over 110 g dry wt/L. Polyphosphate glasses cost no more than sodium and potassium phosphates, are more soluble than any other inorganic phosphate source, and do not form metallophosphate precipitates when mixed with other nutrients in proportions found in fermentation medias. Using a typical fermentation medium, 40% higher cell densities were obtained using polyphosphate glass rather than orthophosphate. Polyphosphate glasses will allow more flexibility in designing and executing high cell density fermentations.
NIR absorbance characteristics of deoxynivalenol and of sound and Fusarium-damaged wheat kernels

The near infrared (NIR) absorption spectra of deoxynivalenol (DON) and single wheat kernels with or without DON were examined. The NIR absorption spectra of 0.5–2000 ppm of DON in acetonitrile were recorded in the 350–2500 nm range. Second derivative processing of the NIR spectra and spectral subtractions showed DON absorption bands at 1408 nm, 1904 nm and 1919 nm. NIR spectra of sound and Fusarium-damaged kernels were also acquired using two instruments. Subtraction of average absorption spectra and second derivative spectra were evaluated to identify different NIR signatures of the two types of kernel. Differences in peak height and positions of the NIR absorption bands of the kernels were noted. At 1204 nm, 1365 nm and 1700 nm, the differences were in the heights of the absorption peaks. Such differences may be attributed to changes in the levels of grain food reserves such as starches, proteins and lipids and other structural compounds. Shifts in absorption peak positions between the two types of kernels were observed at 1425–1440 nm and 1915–1930 nm. These differences may arise from other NIR active compounds, such as DON, which are not common for the two types of kernel. Since the NIR absorption of DON may have contributed to the shifts between sound and Fusarium-damaged kernels, this study indicates the potential for NIR spectrometry to evaluate Fusarium damage in single kernels based on the DON levels.
Dynamic changes in cellular infiltrates with repeated cutaneous vaccination: a histologic and immunophenotypic analysis.

Melanoma vaccines have not been optimized. Adjuvants are added to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and to induce a favourable immunologic milieu, however, little is known about their cellular and molecular effects in human skin. We hypothesized that a vaccine in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) would increase dermal Th1 and Tc1-lymphocytes and mature DCs, but that repeated vaccination may increase regulatory cells. During and after 6 weekly immunizations with a multipeptide vaccine, immunization sites were biopsied at weeks 0, 1, 3, 7, or 12. In 36 participants, we enumerated DCs and lymphocyte subsets by immunohistochemistry and characterized their location within skin compartments. Mature DCs aggregated with lymphocytes around superficial vessels, however, immature DCs were randomly distributed. Over time, there was no change in mature DCs. Increases in T and B-cells were noted. Th2 cells outnumbered Th1 lymphocytes after 1 vaccine 6.6:1. Eosinophils and FoxP3+ cells accumulated, especially after 3 vaccinations, the former cell population most abundantly in deeper layers. A multipeptide/IFA vaccine may induce a Th2-dominant microenvironment, which is reversed with repeat vaccination. However, repeat vaccination may increase FoxP3+T-cells and eosinophils. These data suggest multiple opportunities to optimize vaccine regimens and potential endpoints for monitoring the effects of new adjuvants. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00705640
Metatranscriptome analyses indicate resource partitioning between diatoms in the field

Diverse communities of marine phytoplankton carry out half of global primary production. The vast diversity of the phytoplankton has long perplexed ecologists because these organisms coexist in an isotropic environment while competing for the same basic resources (e.g., inorganic nutrients). Differential niche partitioning of resources is one hypothesis to explain this “paradox of the plankton,” but it is difficult to quantify and track variation in phytoplankton metabolism in situ. Here, we use quantitative metatranscriptome analyses to examine pathways of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) metabolism in diatoms that cooccur regularly in an estuary on the east coast of the United States (Narragansett Bay). Expression of known N and P metabolic pathways varied between diatoms, indicating apparent differences in resource utilization capacity that may prevent direct competition. Nutrient amendment incubations skewed N/P ratios, elucidating nutrient-responsive patterns of expression and facilitating a quantitative comparison between diatoms. The resource-responsive (RR) gene sets deviated in composition from the metabolic profile of the organism, being enriched in genes associated with N and P metabolism. Expression of the RR gene set varied over time and differed significantly between diatoms, resulting in opposite transcriptional responses to the same environment. Apparent differences in metabolic capacity and the expression of that capacity in the environment suggest that diatom-specific resource partitioning was occurring in Narragansett Bay. This high-resolution approach highlights the molecular underpinnings of diatom resource utilization and how cooccurring diatoms adjust their cellular physiology to partition their niche space.
Menu navigation with in-vehicle technologies: Auditory menu cues improve dual task performance, preference, and workload

Auditory display research for driving has mainly examined a limited range of tasks (e.g., collision warnings, cell phone tasks). In contrast, the goal of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced auditory menu cues in a simulated driving context. The advanced auditory cues of “spearcons” (compressed speech cues) and “spindex” (a speech-based index cue) were predicted to improve both menu navigation and driving. Two experiments used a dual task paradigm in which users selected songs on the vehicle’s infotainment system. In Experiment 1, 24 undergraduates played a simple, perceptual-motor ball-catching game (the primary task; a surrogate for driving), and navigated through an alphabetized list of 150 song titles—rendered as an auditory menu—as a secondary task. The menu was presented either in the typical visual-only manner, or enhanced with text-to-speech (TTS), or TTS plus one of three types of additional auditory cues. In Experiment 2, 34 undergraduates conducted the same secondary task ...
Methamphetamine Use in Nonurban and Urban Drug Court Clients

Population-based surveys suggest that methamphetamine use and abuse may be rising in the United States. However, little is known about methamphetamine use in eastern sections of the United States, particularly nonurban areas. The purpose of the present study was (a) to explore reported methamphetamine use and its correlates among Kentucky drug court clients and(b) to determine whether differences exist between methamphetamine users by drug court location. Of the 500 drug court clients surveyed, approximately 32% n = 161) reported lifetime methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine users and nonusers differed in their drug-use profiles, self-reported criminal history, and number of criminal offenses. Nonurban and urban methamphetamine users differed in their drug-use profiles, psychological functioning, self-reported criminal history, and number of criminal offenses. These results suggest that differences exist between these populations and clinicians, and criminal justice officials may need to consider these di...
Ongoing fault diagnosis

We consider a dynamic fault diagnosis problem: there are n processors, to be tested in a series of rounds. In every testing round we use a directed matching to have some processors report on the status (good or faulty) of other processors. Also, in each round up to t processors may break down, and we may direct that up to t processors are repaired. We show that it is possible to limit the number of faulty processors to O(t log2 t), even if the system is run indefinitely. We present an adversary which shows that this bound is optimal.
SPERM-LIMITED FECUNDITY IN NEMATODES: HOW MANY SPERM ARE ENOUGH?

The Bateman principle, which holds that oocytes are the limiting gamete in reproduction, is violated in a variety of species. Self-fertilizing hermaphrodites of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provide an example of a system in which sperm number limits lifetime reproductive output, in this species due to the protandrous nature of sperm production that in turn delays the onset of fertilization. This reproductive delay forms the basis of a trade-off between generation time and total fecundity, in which sperm number plays a pivotal role. I use an age-structured population model to describe the number of sperm that maximize fitness, given larval development time and rates of gamete production. The model predicts the evolution of sperm numbers that are consistent with empirical data for C. elegans provided that precocious larval sperm production is taken into account. Several testable hypotheses follow from the model regarding how natural selection and environmental variation may influence patterns of sperm production among populations or species with a similar mode of reproduction.
Mittelhethitisch Hattes “Sie Schlachtete”

Die Benennungsmotive des Terminus technicus 'schlachten' konnen unterschiedlich sein. Wahrend man z.B. gr. sphazō unter der Annahme von s-mobile ety­ mologisch mit gr. pegnymi verbinden, eine idg. Wurzel *(s)pehg- postulieren und so eine Grundbedeutung 'anpflocken, festbinden' ansetzen konnte, geht dt. schlachten von 'schlagen' und turk. kesmek 'schlachten' von '(ab) schneiden' aus. Bei den hethi­ tischen Termini, namlich huek-mi und hatt-a, hat B. Cop als Benennungsmotiv jeweils '(ab)stechen' wahrscheinlich gemacht. Und zwar verbindet er in plausibler Weise huek-mi 'schlachten' mit ap. a-vaj-am 'ich stach aus' und hatt-a 'schlachten' mit av. avi- 'Verderben'.
Maximum Entropy Characterizations of Some Distributions

A general form is given for densities which maximize the entropy in a class of distributions having specified values for the expectations of certain functions of the random variables. Characterizations of several well-known distributions are obtained.
Intermediaries, Mediators, and Market Change

One of the core beliefs of organizational and economic sociology is that audience-held expectations for certain kinds of organizational behavior shape actual organizational behavior. As a result, deviations from such expectations - for example, organizational nonconformity and market heterogeneity when considered in aggregate - that cannot be explained by forces of competition alone are often attributed to a fundamental change in audience expectations. This article explores an alternative, structural mechanism: Audience expectations are applied differentially as a function of the way they travel through the market. Organizational (and market) heterogeneity is possible so long as expectations for conformity never flow from audience to organization. Central to the proposed framework is a distinction between two kinds of brokers, the intermediary and the mediator. Both facilitate markets by transferring material resources from one party to the other. Where they differ is in their capacity to transmit market intangibles - meaning here, expectations or “codes of conduct” - between transacting parties. Having limited power, intermediaries must transmit expectations largely intact or else forego the transaction. Having more power, mediators may significantly alter the nature of what is being transmitted or even refuse transmission altogether. An application of the framework to the hedge fund industry offers an explanation of rapidly increasing heterogeneity among funds that complements technology- and resource-based alternatives. The shift from homogeneity to heterogeneity among fund products was facilitated in part by a contemporaneous role-shift of a set of market brokers - funds of funds - from intermediaries to mediators. As mediators, funds of funds were effective in attenuating the constraints posed by investor expectations and, in turn, put in motion the beginnings of a dramatic market change.
Lower Extremity Non-guide Wire Crossing of Arterial Chronic Total Occlusions

Typically, long SFA occlusions crossed with a hydrophilic 0.035″ wire have traversed via the subintimal space. I will review non-guide wire-based therapies in an attempt to cross via the true lumen.
Association of Cesarean Delivery and Formula Supplementation With the Intestinal Microbiome of 6-Week-Old Infants

Importance The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in infant development, and delivery mode and feeding method (breast milk vs formula) are determinants of its composition. However, the importance of delivery mode beyond the first days of life is unknown, and studies of associations between infant feeding and microbiome composition have been generally limited to comparisons between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants, with little consideration given to combination feeding of both breast milk and formula. Objective To examine the associations of delivery mode and feeding method with infant intestinal microbiome composition at approximately 6 weeks of life. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective observational study of 102 infants followed up as part of a US pregnancy cohort study. Exposures Delivery mode was abstracted from delivery medical records, and feeding method prior to the time of stool collection was ascertained through detailed questionnaires. Main Outcomes and Measures Stool microbiome composition was characterized using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results There were 102 infants (mean gestational age, 39.7 weeks; range, 37.1-41.9 weeks) included in this study, of whom 70 were delivered vaginally and 32 by cesarean delivery. In the first 6 weeks of life, 70 were exclusively breastfed, 26 received combination feeding, and 6 were exclusively formula fed. We identified independent associations between microbial community composition and both delivery mode ( P Q P = .01; Q P = .003). Bacterial communities associated with combination feeding were more similar to those associated with exclusive formula feeding than exclusive breastfeeding ( P = .002). We identified 6 individual bacterial genera that were differentially abundant between delivery mode and feeding groups. Conclusions and Relevance The infant intestinal microbiome at approximately 6 weeks of age is significantly associated with both delivery mode and feeding method, and the supplementation of breast milk feeding with formula is associated with a microbiome composition that resembles that of infants who are exclusively formula fed. These results may inform feeding choices and shed light on the mechanisms behind the lifelong health consequences of delivery and infant feeding modalities.
Assessment of two dosing schedules of GSK1363089 (GSK089), a dual MET/VEGFR2 inhibitor, in metastatic gastric cancer (GC): Interim results of a multicenter phase II study

4502 Background: GSK089 is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of cMET and VEGFR2/KDR, and has potent antitumor activity in cMET-amplified cell lines and xenografts. cMET is reportedly amplified, ove...
Thermal Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila in Liquid Whole Egg

Aeromonas hydrophila (AH) is a psychrotrophic spoilage bacterium and potential pathogen which has been isolated from a variety of refrigerated foods of animal origin, including raw milk, red meat, poultry, and commercially broken raw liquid whole egg (LWE). Decimal reduction times (D values) of 4 strains of AH (1 egg isolate, 2 egg processing plant isolates, 1 ATCC type strain) were determined in LWE using an immersed sealed capillary tube (ISCT) procedure. Initial populations (7.0 to 8.3 log CFU/tube in 0.05 ml LWE) were heated at 48, 51, 54, 57, and 60°C , and survivors were plated onto starch ampicillin agar (48 h at 28°C). D values ranged from 3.62 to 9.43 min (at 48°C) to 0.026 to 0.040 min (at 60°C). Both processing plant isolates were more heat resistant than the ATCC strain. Decimal reduction time curves (r 2 ≥0.98) yielded z D values of 5.02 to 5.59°C, similar to those for other non-spore-forming bacteria. D values of the most heat resistant AH strain were also determined in LWE at 48, 51, and 54°C using a conventional capped test tube procedure (10 ml/tube). Cells heated in test tubes yielded nonlinear (tailing) survivor curves and larger (P ≤ 0.05) apparent D values at each temperature than those obtained using the ISCT method. This study provides the first thermal resistance data for AH in LWE and the first evidence that straight-line semilogarithmic thermal inactivation kinetics may be demonstrated for Aeromonas using the ISCT procedure.
Raman cooling in silicon photonic crystals

Laser cooling of solids can be achieved through various photon up-conversion processes including anti-Stokes photoluminescence and anti-Stokes light scattering. While it has been shown that cooling using photoluminescence-based methods can achieve efficiency comparable to that of thermoelectric cooling, the reliance on specific transitions of the rare-earth dopants limits material choice. Light scattering, on the other hand, occurs in all materials, and has the potential to enable cooling in most materials. We show that by engineering the photonic density of states of a material, one can suppress the Stokes process, and enhance the anti-Stokes radiation. We employ the well-known diamond-structured photonic crystal patterned in crystalline silicon to demonstrate theoretically that when operating within a high transparency regime, the net energy removal rate from phonon annihilation can overcome the optical absorption. The engineered photonic density of states can thus enable simultaneous cooling of all Raman-active phonon modes and the net cooling of the solid.
Material tailoring and universal relations for axisymmetric deformations of functionally graded rubberlike cylinders and spheres

We find the spatial variation of material parameters for pressurized cylinders and spheres composed of either an incompressible Hookean, neo-Hookean, or Mooney—Rivlin material so that during their axisymmetric deformations either the in-plane shear stress or the hoop stress has a desired spatial variation. It is shown that for a cylinder and a sphere made of an incompressible Hookean material, the shear modulus must be a linear function of the radius r for the hoop stress to be uniform through the thickness. For the in-plane shear stress to be constant through the cylinder (sphere) thickness, the shear modulus must be proportional to r2 (r3). For finite deformations of cylinders and spheres composed of either neo-Hookean or Mooney—Rivlin materials, the through-the-thickness variation of the material parameters is also determined, for either the in-plane shear stress or the hoop stress, to have a prespecified variation. We note that a constant hoop stress eliminates stress concentration near the innermost ...
Composition-based on-the-fly rescoring for salient n-gram biasing.

We introduce a technique for dynamically applying contextually-derived language models to a state-of-the-art speech recognition system. These generally small-footprint models can be seen as a generalization of cache-based models [1], whereby contextually salient n-grams are derived from relevant sources (not just user generated language) to produce a model intended for combination with the baseline language model. The derived models are applied during first-pass decoding as a form of on-the-fly composition between the decoder search graph and the set of weighted contextual n-grams. We present a construction algorithm which takes a trie representing the contextual n-grams and produces a weighted finite state automaton which is more compact than a standard n-gram machine. Finally, we present a set of empirical results on the recognition of spoken search queries where a contextual model encoding recent trending queries is applied using the proposed technique.
Acquired Uterine Factors and Infertility

Uterine factor subfertility is defined as a structural or functional disorder of the uterus that results in reduced fertility. Between one and two percent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures are recorded as being done for uterine factor in the United States as reported by Wright et al. (MMWR Surveill Summ 57:1-23, 2008). Live birth rates for isolated uterine factor are below average compared to other diagnoses for couples undergoing IVF. For example, among women <35 years of age undergoing IVF using their own fresh eggs for embryo transfer, uterine factor has the lowest live birth rate among diagnoses at 35.9% per transfer, which is even below the live birth rate for diminished ovarian reserve (40.3%) as reported by Wright et al. (MMWR Surveill Summ 57:1-23, 2008).
On Retention of Adaptation Rules

The difficulty of acquiring case adaptation knowledge is a classic problem for case-based reasoning (CBR). One method for addressing this problem is to use the cases in the case base as data from which to learn adaptation rules. For numeric prediction tasks, adaptation rules have been successfully learned from the case base by using the case difference heuristic, which generates rules based on comparisons of pairs of cases. However, because the case difference heuristic could potentially generate a rule for each pair of cases in the case base, controlling growth of adaptation rules is potentially an even more acute problem than controlling case base growth. This raises the question of how to select adaptation rules to retain. The ability to generate adaptation rules from cases also raises questions about the relative benefit of learning cases, learning the adaptation rules generated from them, or learning both. This paper proposes and evaluates a new adaptation rule retention approach and presents a case study assessing the relative benefits of learning cases versus learning adaptation rules derived from the cases, at different points in the growth of the case base.
A new species of Tomlinsonia Turquier, 1985 (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Trypetesidae) in hermit crab shells from the Philippines, and a new parasite species of Hemioniscus Buchholz, 1866 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Hemioniscidae)

Plus de 950 bernard-l'ermite des fonds coralliens des Philippines ont ete examines de 1997 a 1999 a la recherche de balanes fouisseurs. Parmi les specimens recoltes, une espece nouvelle de Tomlinsonia a ete decouverte et est decrite ici sous le nom de T. mclaughlinae n. sp. Ce balane etait associe avec 3 % environ des coquilles habitees par trois especes de bernard-l'ermite du genre Calcinus; au maximum une paire femelle/mâle a ete trouvee par coquille. Les femelles de T. mclaughlinae n. sp. atteignent des tailles depassant 8 mm et forment, sur la columelle, un terrier qui s'etend vers l'apex de la coquille. Les mâles sont petits (0,4-0,7 mm), en forme de chaussure, et se trouvent attaches a la femelle sous la levre du manteau. L'espece peut etre distinguee de T. asymetrica de Madagascar en se basant sur les proportions des segments des cirri terminaux, la forme du labrum et la morphologie des pieces buccales. Parmi les 31 specimens de T. mclaughlinae n. sp. examines, trois etaient parasites par des mâles au nombre de deux a six et/ou des femelles juveniles d'une espece nouvelle d'un isopode cryptonicien, decrit comme Hemioniscus pagurophilus n. sp. Les mâles de cette espece peuvent etre distingues de ceux d'Hemioniscus balani balani Buchholz, 1866 en se basant sur la dentition de la plaque coxale et la forme du lobe median ventral se trouvant entre les premiers pleopodes. La description du nouvel isopode parasite implique la modification des diagnoses du genre Hemioniscus et de la famille Hemioniscidae; les neuf especes d'epicarides, reparties dans trois familles, qui parasitent les balanes, sont passees en revue. C'est la premiere fois que des mâles du genre Tomlinsonia sont examines et c'est egalement la premiere fois que des balanes acrothoraciques, parasites par des isopodes cryptoniciens, sont observes.
The loosening bonds

In 1943 both the 9th Australian Division and the 50th (Northumbrian) Division experienced a critical year. Both had reached a peak of veteran confidence and efficiency in 1942. They passed this peak in 1943, and the curve of morale began a slow descent. Both the 9th and the 50th returned home from the Middle East in 1943, the 9th in the spring and the 50th at the end of the year. Although coming home raised the men's spirits in the short term, it aggravated existing discipline and morale problems and created new ones. In Australia, the men of the 9th were now exposed to more temptations than in the Middle East, and it was easier to get at them. The men's attitude towards combat service also deteriorated once they came home. Colonel Hammer saw the process at work even in the stalwart 2/48th Battalion, reporting ‘an underlying feeling that the individual dreams of the day when he will transfer to a “soft job” on the L of C [lines of communication; i.e. the rear areas] and someone else can fight the war for him. He feels that the war should be won but that it should be done by some mysterious “other fellow”.’ Many of the 9th's veterans were unhappy with what they saw of wartime Australia, and they showed much hostility towards the militia, the American servicemen in Australia, and Australian civilians.
New kids on the block: emerging oleaginous yeast of biotechnological importance

There is growing interest in using oleaginous yeast for the production of a variety of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived oleochemicals. This is motivated by natural propensity for high flux through lipid biosynthesis that has naturally evolved, making them a logical starting point for additional genetic engineering to improve titers and productivities. Much of the academic and industrial focus has centered on yeast that have significant genetic engineering tool capabilities, such as Yarrowia lipolytica, and those that have naturally high lipid accumulation, such as Rhodosporidium toruloides and Lipomyces starkeyi; however, there are oleaginous yeast with phenotypes better aligned with typically inhibitory process conditions, such as high salt concentrations and lignocellulosic derived inhibitors. This review addresses the foundational work in characterizing two emerging oleaginous yeast of interest: Debaryomyces hansenii and Trichosporon oleaginosus. We focus on the physiological and metabolic properties of these yeast that make each attractive for bioprocessing of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals, discuss their respective genetic engineering tools and highlight the critical barriers facing the broader implementation of these oleaginous yeast.
Tests enhance learningCompared to what

Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug that has been used to treat cancer since the 1960s. It is relatively inexpensive because there is a generic version. In recent years, more expensive drugs have been developed to replace paclitaxel. After successful clinical trials, both Abraxane and Ixempra have been approved by the FDA. For their makers, this is the good news. The bad news is that, according to a study released in June 2012, neither of the newer drugs works as well as paclitaxel (Berkrot, 2012). New drugs are initially compared to placebos. But in medicine, being more effective than the placebo is not enough. To become a recommended treatment, a new drug should be better than the current treatment. The same is true in education. Roediger and Pyc (2012) make this point clear: “The gold standard of educational innovation for any kind of new educational technique should be a strong research base showing that the new method produces positive results relative to standard practice (Whitehurst, 2010).” Roediger and Pyc’s (2012) article ably describes three principles that enhance learning: distributed practice, explanatory questioning, and the one we focus on here, test-enhanced learning. In the literature to date, the value of testing has been demonstrated by comparing tests to two other activities: restudying the same information in the same way as before, or not restudying at all (Roediger & Pyc). Tests appear to be better than restudying. But is restudying an effective standard practice, like paclitaxel, or is it more like a placebo? In this article, we consider the value of tests as compared
D&I and Leadership in Organizations

The perspective of diversity and inclusion is the next step in the evolution of Leadership. Leaders who demonstrate cultural competence in D&I will ascend toward the next level of transforming the global marketplace. The interdependent nature of diverse global relationships will also require leadership perspectives that include awareness of current global challenges, strategies, and initiatives. This chapter will explore another level of diversity and inclusion, including different leadership characteristics described as “inclusive leadership behavior,” “inclusive influence,” and “inclusive organizational behavior.” The combination of these diverse leadership characteristics builds the foundation for an “Inclusion Leadership Model” that will support the vision for diversity and inclusion in the twenty-first century.
Segmentation of Craniomaxillofacial Bony Structures from MRI with a 3D Deep-Learning Based Cascade Framework.

Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used as a diagnostic and treatment planning imaging modality in craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery to correct patient’s bony defects. A major disadvantage of CT is that it emits harmful ionizing radiation to patients during the exam. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered to be much safer and noninvasive, and often used to study CMF soft tissues (e.g., temporomandibular joint and brain). However, it is extremely difficult to accurately segment CMF bony structures from MRI since both bone and air appear to be black in MRI, along with low signal-to-noise ratio and partial volume effect. To this end, we proposed a 3D deep-learning based cascade framework to solve these issues. Specifically, a 3D fully convolutional network (FCN) architecture is first adopted to coarsely segment the bony structures. As the coarsely segmented bony structures by FCN tend to be thicker, convolutional neural network (CNN) is further utilized for fine-grained segmentation. To enhance the discriminative ability of the CNN, we particularly concatenate the predicted probability maps from FCN and the original MRI, and feed them together into the CNN to provide more context information for segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate a good performance and also the clinical feasibility of our proposed 3D deep-learning based cascade framework.
To Whistleblow or Not to Whistleblow: Affective and Cognitive Differences in Reporting Peers and Advisors

Traditional whistleblowing theories have purported that whistleblowers engage in a rational process in determining whether or not to blow the whistle on misconduct. However, stressors inherent to whistleblowing often impede rational thinking and act as a barrier to effective whistleblowing. The negative impact of these stressors on whistleblowing may be made worse depending on who engages in the misconduct: a peer or advisor. In the present study, participants are presented with an ethical scenario where either a peer or advisor engages in misconduct, and positive and the negative consequences of whistleblowing are either directed to the wrongdoer, department, or university. Participant responses to case questions were evaluated for whistleblowing intentions, moral intensity, metacognitive reasoning strategies, and positive and negative, active and passive emotions. Findings indicate that participants were less likely to report the observed misconduct of an advisor compared to a peer. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that when an advisor is the source of misconduct, greater negative affect results. Post-hoc analyses were also conducted examining the differences between those who did and did not intend to blow the whistle under the circumstances of either having to report an advisor or peer. The implications of these findings for understanding the complexities involved in whistleblowing are discussed.
Job and Spouse Demands and Work Family-Conflict: Moderating Role of Religiosity and Spirituality

American employees face growing job demands at work making it difficult for them to balance their work and family responsibilities. Current research addresses an important gap in work-family litera...
Experience Influences the Agreement and Reliability of Tibial Component Positioning in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Poor rotation of the tibial component is associated with unfavorable total knee arthroplasty outcomes. Some surgeons utilize the tibial tubercle (TT method), while others utilize the femoral cam (Box method) as a rotational landmark during total knee arthroplasty. Our purpose is to determine the reproducibility of 2 methods for establishing intra-operative tibial component rotation, while also comparing the effect of level of training. Methods Twelve surgeons positioned and sized a symmetric tibial component on 7 cadaver knees. Surgeons were allowed to utilize their preferred method for establishing tibial component rotation. Seven surgeons selected the TT method, 4 utilized the Box method, and 1 used both methods depending on the specimen. Repeat measurements were completed by each surgeon after a rest period. The differences between tibial tray positions were assessed using computer-assisted optoelectronic measurements. Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to determine inter-observer agreement (IOA) and intra-rater reliability (IRR). Results Overall, both the Box method and the TT method demonstrated high IRR for tibial component rotation. Experienced surgeons were more consistent at establishing component rotation regardless of technique. Trainees were more consistent when utilizing the Box method (IRR 0.96, IOA 0.94) than the TT method (IRR 0.71, IOA 0.72). Conclusion Surgeon experience influences the agreement and reliability of tibial component position. For less experienced surgeons, the Box method was more effective than the TT method for consistently reproducing tibial component rotation.
Trends in Management and Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Pediatric Patients: A Survey of the PRiSM Society.

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been recognized and treated with increasing frequency in children and adolescents. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in skeletally immature patients has unique considerations and there is a large practice variation in the management of these injuries
Self reported hearing difficulty, tinnitus, and normal audiometric thresholds, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.

Abstract Perceived hearing difficulty (HD) and/or tinnitus in the presence of normal audiometric thresholds present a clinical challenge. Yet, there is limited data regarding prevalence and determinant factors contributing to HD. Here we present estimates generalized to the non-institutionalized population of the United States based on the cross-sectional population-based study, the National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2176 participants (20–69 years of age). Normal audiometric thresholds were defined by pure-tone average (PTA4) of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 kHz ≤ 25 dBHL in each ear. Hearing difficulty (HD) and tinnitus perception was self-reported. Of the 2176 participants with complete data, 2015 had normal audiometric thresholds based on PTA4; the prevalence of individuals with normal PTA4 that self-reported HD was 15%. The percentage of individuals with normal audiometric threshold and persistent tinnitus was 10.6%. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and hearing thresholds identified the following variables related to increased odds of HD: tinnitus, balance issues, noise exposure, arthritis, vision difficulties, neuropathic symptoms, physical/mental/emotional issues; and for increased odds or reported persistent tinnitus: HD, diabetes, arthritis, vision difficulties, confusion/memory issues, balance issues, noise exposure, high alcohol consumption, neuropathic symptoms and analgesic use. Analyses using an alternative definition of normal hearing, pure-tone thresholds ≤25 dBHL at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 kHz in each ear, revealed lower prevalence of HD and tinnitus, but comparable multivariate relationships. The findings suggest that prevalence of HD is dependent on how normal hearing is defined and the factors that impact odds of reported HD include tinnitus, noise exposure, mental/cognitive status, and other sensory deficits.
Uneven Development and Shifting Socioecological Rifts: Some Unintended Consequences of Dolphin Conservation in Cambodia:

As sites of global environmental degradation continue to emerge and pose significant threats to life on the planet, the world’s natural resource managers persist in attempts to mitigate and reverse...
Art as a Tool for Wilderness Management: Stewardship and Sense of Place in Misty Fiords National Monument, Alaska

Although the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) manages the nation’s oldest and largest number of federally designated wilderness areas, the agency struggles to articulate the socioecological importance of wilderness to the U.S. people and to develop monitoring protocols to protect wilderness characteristics. Drawing on a long-standing U.S. tradition of using art to inspire conservation and preservation, in 2010 the Alaska Region USFS began partnering with artists to celebrate wilderness and “creat[e] dialogue” about management challenges. As the 2016 “Voice of the Wilderness” artist for Misty Fiords National Monument, I collaborated with backcountry rangers to assess anthropogenic impacts to the wilderness, envision alternatives to current recreational uses, and, mainly, translate the soaring fjords, swirling mist, sea-gray water, lush forest, and abundant wildlife into sketches, photographs, and a hand-drawn map for outreach materials. This article describes Misty Fiords’ unique characteristics, discusses the a...
Various transgenic mouse lines to study proopiomelanocortin cells in the brain stem label disparate populations of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons.

Products of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) prohormone regulate aspects of analgesia, reward, and energy balance; thus, the neurons that produce POMC in the hypothalamus have received considerable a...
An Exploration of the Barriers in the Prevention and Control of High Blood Pressure Among West African Immigrants in Rhode Island

ii List of Tables vii Table of Figures viii Statement of Purpose 1 Theoretical Framework 6 Literature Review 8 High Blood Pressure 8 Epidemiology of High Blood Pressure 10 Treatment of High Blood Pressure in the General Population 12 Treatment of High Blood Pressure in People of Black Ancestry 14 Barriers to Blood Pressure Control in the General Population 17 Barriers to Blood Pressure Control in West Africans in Africa 18 Barriers to Blood Pressure Control in Blacks/African Americans 21 Gaps in the Literature 23 Method 25 Purpose 25 Design 25 Participants 26 Site 26 Procedure 26 Measurement 27 Ethical Consideration 27 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN WEST AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS IN RI vi Data Analysis 28 Results 31 Conclusion and Implication for Advanced Nursing Practice 35 Summary 35 Conclusion 38 Limitations 39 Recommendations and Implications for Advance Practice Nursing (APRN) 39 References 41 Appendix A Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension 52 Appendix B In-depth Interview Schedule 54 Appendix C Demographic Data Questions 55 Appendix D Consent Document 56 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN WEST AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS IN RI
Behavior Change Design: Toward a Vision of Motivational Technology

Changing behavior is a challenging and complex endeavor. For behavior change interventions to be meaningful, they must target behaviors that are clinically significant, address the right determinants that predict target behaviors, and be delivered in ways that dovetail with the characteristics of the intended recipients, their culture, and their context. Maximizing our ability to effect change requires an iterative, systematic process that integrates theory and evidence at every step, from problem identification and framing through to solution design, implementation, and evaluation. Behavior change design methods form a “virtuous spiral” in which empirical evidence is used to create an ever-improving design methodology that is applied to improve human well-being, and whereby rigorous implementation insights feed back into the advancement of behavior change science. This chapter provides a framework for accomplishing this advancement.
Patient-Reported Outcomes After Structural Autograft for Large or Cystic Talar Dome Osteochondral Lesions:

Background:While smaller talar dome osteochondral lesions (OCLs) are successfully treated with bone marrow stimulation techniques, the optimal treatment for large or cystic OCLs remains controversi...