cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the effect of strain rate on the yield stress anomaly in Fe40Al

Compression tests on large-grained, low-temperature-annealed Fe-40Al at 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} s{sup {minus}1} and 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} were performed in order to test some predictions of the recent vacancy-hardening model for the yield stress anomaly in FeAl. It was found that at low strain rates the yield peak disappeared and at high strain rates the yield peak moved to both higher temperatures and higher stresses, both of which are in accord with the model. However, some unexpected features of the stress-temperature behavior were also observed. These will be the subject of further study.
Affinity enhancement bivalent morpholino for pretargeting: initial evidence by surface plasmon resonance.

Pretargeting with bivalent effectors capable of bridging antitumor antibodies has been reported to provide superior results by affinity enhancement. Morpholinos (MORFs) and other DNA analogues used for pretargeting are ideally suited as bivalent effectors since they are easily synthesized and the distance between binding regions, likely to be a determinant of binding, may be adjusted simply by lengthening the chain. The goal of this investigation was to synthesize a bivalent MORF and to determine by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) whether the bivalent MORF exhibited bimolecular binding and whether the MORFs showed improved in vitro hybridization affinity in its bivalent form compared to its monovalent form. An 18 mer amino-derivitized MORF was made bivalent by dimerizing with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) followed by purification by ion exchange chromatography. The in vitro hybridization affinity of bivalent compared to monovalent MOR...
The response of optic tract glia during regeneration of the goldfish visual system. II. Tectal factors stimulate optic tract glia.

Abstract After transection, retinal ganglion cell axons of the goldfish will regenerate by growing into a primary target tissue, the optic tectum. To determine what role the target tissue may play in regulating glial cell growth, we measured biosynthetic activity of optic tract glia following excision of the optic tectum and compared it to activity of glia found in the regenerating visual system. Ablation of the tectum reduced glial incorporation of both [3H]thymidine and [35S]methionine. Tectal ablation also led to nearly 80% reduction of amino acids incorporated by oligodendroglia as well as a decrease in the amount of newly synthetized protein found within multipotential glia and within cytoplasmic projections of astroglia. Since the tectal influence upon optic tract glia was detected at a time when tract and tectum are physically separated, we sought to determine if the optic tectum contained soluble glia-promoting factors. A soluble fraction recovered from tecta of the regenerating visual system increased amino acid incorporation within optic tract glia at 2–3-fold above preparations incubated with fractions from control, intact tecta. Comparisons of radiolabeled proteins separated by sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from regenerating and factor-stimulated optic tract were similar and indicated that a soluble tectal fraction promoted biosynthesis of specific glial proteins. Our findings suggest that during regeneration of the goldfish visual system glia are influenced by humoral factor(s) released from the synaptic target site.
Exploring Content Models for Multi-Document Summarization

We present an exploration of generative probabilistic models for multi-document summarization. Beginning with a simple word frequency based model (Nenkova and Vanderwende, 2005), we construct a sequence of models each injecting more structure into the representation of document set content and exhibiting ROUGE gains along the way. Our final model, HierSum, utilizes a hierarchical LDA-style model (Blei et al., 2004) to represent content specificity as a hierarchy of topic vocabulary distributions. At the task of producing generic DUC-style summaries, HierSum yields state-of-the-art ROUGE performance and in pairwise user evaluation strongly outperforms Toutanova et al. (2007)'s state-of-the-art discriminative system. We also explore HierSum's capacity to produce multiple 'topical summaries' in order to facilitate content discovery and navigation.
Spring temporal and spatial activity patterns of adult white pine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Maine.

Spring activities (emergence, feeding, mating, and oviposition) of adult white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi , were monitored weekly from late April to early July 1979. Weevils emerged from overwintering sites in late April. peaked in numbers per tree by mid-May, and none were found on host trees by early July. Activity peaked in early May and appeared to be thermo-photoperiodic. Greatest activity during the 4-h interval checktimes occurred in the late afternoon to early evening (1300 and 1700 h). Adults occupied upper-branch new growth during scotophase, but moved to branch stems during photophase. Weevils are negatively phototactic, and response time to different wavelengths of light varied during scotophase. The weevils occupied the leaders of host trees the first 2 weeks of monitoring. but toward season's end were found more often on first-whorl lateral branches. Length of current-year growth of leaders was influenced by magnitude of weevil damage. Highest levels of immature weevil damage resulted in leader mortality. Leaders that sustained an intermediate level of weevil damage remained alive; however, length of new growth was significantly less than leaders with almost no weevil damage.
Vectorized Search for Single Clusters

Breadth-first search for a single cluster on a regular lattice is shown to be vectorizable. It is applied to construct clusters in the single-cluster variant of the Swendsen-Wang algorithm. On a Cray-YMP, total CPU time has been reduced by factors of 3.5-7 in large-scale applications. A multiple-cluster version is also described.
Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate modulate the substrate binding affinity of glucose transporter GLUT1 in vitro.

Abstract Evidence indicates that a large portion of the facilitative glucose transporter isoform GLUT1 in certain animal cells is kept inactive and activated in response to acute metabolic stresses. A reversible interaction of a certain inhibitor molecule with GLUT1 protein has been implicated in this process. In an effort to identify this putative GLUT1 inhibitor molecule, we studied here the effects of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the binding of d -glucose to GLUT1 by assessing their abilities to displace cytochalasin B (CB), using purified GLUT1 in vesicles. At pH 7.4, adenosine competitively inhibited CB binding to GLUT1 and also reduced the substrate binding affinity by more than an order of magnitude, both with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of 3.0 mM. ATP had no effect on CB and d -glucose binding to GLUT1, but reduced adenosine binding affinity to GLUT1 by 2-fold with a KD of 30 mM. At pH 3.6, however, ATP inhibited the CB binding nearly competitively, and increased the substrate binding affinity by 4–5-fold, both with an apparent KD of 1.22 mM. These findings clearly demonstrate that adenosine and ATP interact with GLUT1 in vitro and modulate its substrate binding affinity. They also suggest that adenosine and ATP may regulate GLUT1 intrinsic activity in certain cells where adenosine reduces the substrate-binding affinity while ATP increases the substrate-binding affinity by interfering with the adenosine effect and/or by enhancing the substrate-binding affinity at an acidic compartment.
Correlates and predictors of risky sexual practices among a multi-racial/ethnic sample of university students.

In this research we identify the correlates and predictors of risky sexual behaviors among an ethnically diverse sample of college students attending a large state university in the southeastern US ( N = 338). Nine risk and 5 protective factors served as independent predictive factors in the analyses. The dependent variable was risky sexual behaviors scale score. Six of the 9 risk factors and 4 of the 5 protective factors were significantly correlated with scores on the risky sexual behaviors scale. Regression analyses identified 6 significant predictors of risky sexual practices: number of partners in last 6 months; religious values; condom attitudes; age at first sex; binging on alcohol; and residential locus. These terms explained 29.4% of the total variance in risky sexual behavior scores. Implications for prevention programs and future research are discussed.
ONE.ELECTRON WAVEFUNCTIONS. ACCURATE EXPECTATION VALUES

Abstract Accurate expectation values for the total energy, the kinetic energy, the potential energy and the quadrupole moment integrals X 2 > and Z 2 > are calculated using the exact wavefunctions for the Isσ and 2pσ u states of H + 2 . A method has been developed to determine which regions of the wavefunction contribute most to a given expectation value.
Intermodality interactions in spatial localization

Abstract Adults localize unseen auditory targets better with their eyes open than closed. This visual facilitation phenomenon was studied to provide information about intermodality organization. The necessary condition for facilitation is the presence of structured visual input. While vision facilitates the pointing response to auditory targets, auditory acuity is improved to a greater extent. Results were interpreted in terms of a visual mapping of auditory stimuli. Developmental work showed that children through sixth grade do not show visual facilitation effects.
Potential of Phase Change Material-Enhanced Constructions in Commercial Buildings

Buildings account for a significant portion of the total energy consumption in the US, especially the energy-inefficient commercial building sector. As part of the future path towards realizing net zero energy buildings, innovative energy-efficient technologies must be developed. In this study, the potential of phase change material (PCM)-enhanced constructions to lower HVAC energy consumption in a commercial building was investigated.A commercially available fatty acid-based PCM product was selected due promising thermal and chemical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used in isothermal step mode to accurately measure the latent heat energy storage of the PCM. A US DOE commercial reference building model with a PCM-enhanced ceiling was simulated using a finite-difference conduction heat transfer algorithm in EnergyPlus to determine the effects of the PCM on the building energy performance.It was found that, although the PCM-enhanced ceiling had a beneficial stabilizing effect on the interior surface temperature of the ceiling, the zone mean air temperatures were not significantly altered. As such, minimal HVAC energy savings were seen. Future work should focus on the potential of active PCM constructions, which could successfully remove stored thermal energy from the PCM without increasing the space cooling energy consumption.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
When to glaze—An electron microscope study

1. A smooth porcelain surface can be obtained by glazing after grinding. There is no need for sanding or polishing with a rubber wheel. 2. A low-fusing glaze gives a slightly smoother surface than a natural glaze. The low-fusing glaze may be added at any stage of polishing, and the results will be the same.
Organometallic derivatives of diphenyl-N-methylamine

Abstract The lithium-halogen exchange reaction in two-different solvents has been used to prepare bis(4-lithiophenyl)- N -methylamine in high yields. Bis(4-bromophenyl)- N -methylamine underwent quantitative halogen-metal exchange with n-butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran/diethylether at −78°. An 83% conversion was accomplished in refluxing benzene. Subsequently a series of para -disubstituted organometallic derivatives of diphenyl- N -methylamine was synthesized using the reaction of the dilithio intermediate with various organometallic monohalides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb and As. Exchange reactions were carried out between bis[4-(trimethylstannyl)-phenyl]- N -methylamine and mercury compounds.
Distributed tracking with probabilistic data association

This paper presents a distributed tracking version of the centralized probabilistie data association (PDA) algorithm. In this algorithm, the sensors' observations of a target in a cluttered environment are processed locally. The results of the local estimation algorithms are communicated to a coordinator. The coordinator reconstructs the target's statistics based on the validated observations of all the sensors, using only the communicated statistics. The local processors assume local models which may be different from the true target's model, available to the coordinator, and from each other.
Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States.

Etude interculturelle de la perception du soi a partir des reponses d'individus a deux questionnaires non contextualise ou contextualise (demandant aux sujets de se decrire dans des contextes varies)
Semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics synthesizing enzyme from Acetobacter turbidans: purification and properties

Abstract Semisynthetic cephalosporin synthesizing enzyme has been purified from cell-free extract of Acetobacter turbidans ATCC 9325 by ion-exchange, hydrophobic chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme migrated as two bands on SDS-gel electrophoresis and as six bands on native gel electrophoresis. This enzyme has an isoelectric point at 5.8 and contains most of the essential amino acids. The molecular weight was estimated to be 280 000 to 290 000 by gel filtration. Two different subunits of this enzyme having molecular weights of 70 000 and 72 000 have been identified in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The purified enzyme favours the synthetic reaction over the hydrolytic reaction by a factor of 2.6 times, as determined by the ratio of relative activities.
How common is attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Towards resolution of the controversy: results from a population‐based study

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is a common behavioral disorder among children, yet there is uncertainty about many aspects of AD/HD, including its precise frequency of occurrence, presence of comorbid conditions, long-term outcomes and the impact of treatment on long-term outcome. The objectives of the studies described in this paper were to address these important questions about AD/HD. The study subjects were from a population-based birth cohort, and included all children born in Rochester, Minnesota, from 1976 to 1982, who remained in the community after the age of 5 y (n=5718). Complete medical and school records were available for all members of the birth cohort, including detailed information about AD/HD symptoms, psychometric test and questionnaire results, medical and non-medical treatments, and long-term academic and psychosocial outcomes. This information was used to identify 375 subjects from the birth cohort with AD/HD, based on well-defined research criteria. The estimated cumulative incidence of AD/HD at the age of 19 y was 7.5% (95% confidence interval 6.5-8.4). Data from these 375 subjects with AD/HD will be used in ongoing studies of this disorder.
Effects of chronic cold exposure on wheel running, food intake and fatty acid synthesis in syrian hamsters

Abstract Mesocricetus auratus with established wheel running in a thermoneutral environment (23°C) showed an immediate suppression of running when placed in a cold room at 4°C. This suppression was seen in three separate studies and lasted at least 1 month. Food intake of these hamsters rose within 48 hr in the cold, and body weight was maintained. In contrast, hamsters which had been sedentary in the 23°C room showed a slower rise in food intake in the cold and sustained a chronic drop in body weight. In vivo fatty acid synthesis rates were greatly elevated in white and brown adipose tissue, but not liver, of exercise versus sedentary hamsters after 1 month in the cold, despite the relative inactivity of both groups throughout the cold exposure. Previous exercise training predisposes hamsters to efficient energy storage in the cold. The energy demand of the cold environment may be responsible for the decreased voluntary running.
Performance analysis of a new road following algorithm based on color models

This paper describes and evaluates a vision system that accurately segments unstructured, non-homogeneous roads of arbitrary shape under various lighting conditions. The idea behind the road following algorithm is the segmentation of road from background through the use of color models. Data are collected from a video camera mounted on a moving vehicle. In each frame, color models of the road and background are constructed. The color models are used to calculate the probability that each pixel in a frame is a member of the road class. Temporal fusion of these road probabilities helps to stabilize the models, resulting in a probability map that can be thresholded to determine areas of road and non-road. Performance evaluation follows the approach described in Hong et al1. We evaluate the algorithm's performance with annotated frames of video data. This allows us to compute the false positive and false negative ratios. False positives refer to non-road areas in the image that were classified by the system as road, while false negatives refer to road areas classified as non-road. We use the sum of false positives and false negatives as an overall classification error calculated for each frame of the video sequence. After the error is calculated for each frame, we determine the statistics of the classification error throughout the whole video sequence. The overall classification error per frame allows us to compare the performance of several algorithms on the same frame, and we can analyze the overall performance of individual algorithms using their classification statistics.
Reverse interactomics: decoding protein–protein interactions with combinatorial peptide libraries

Identification of binding partners is the crucial first step towards understanding the biological function of a protein. Many protein–protein interactions occur via modular domains that recognize short peptide motifs in their target proteins. Here we describe a chemical/bioinformatics approach for predicting the binding partners of modular domains. The optimal binding motif(s) of a protein domain is identified by screening a combinatorial peptide library. The resulting consensus sequence is used to search protein and genomic databases for potential bindingproteins, which are subsequently confirmed (or disproved) by conventional protein binding assays (e.g. pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation).
Investigation and development of protective ointments. II. Influence of partition coefficient and thickness.

A method suitable for measuring the permeation of continuous ointment films by diffusional processes when the penetrating agent is in solution in a liquid contacting the film has been modified to allow the study of penetration by substances in the vapor state. It has been shown that in both liquid-contact and gaseous penetration, the permeation constant is related directly with the distribution coefficient and inversely with the thickness of the film. These findings confirm the validity of the method as a means of studying the penetration of ointment films by true diffusion and indicate that the selection of a semisolid protective material for a given penetrating agent should be guided primarily by the relative solubility of the penetrating agent in this substance.
Bollgard Cotton Performance

Assertions that resistance management strategies for Bollgard cotton—which expresses the natural insecticidal protein Bacillus thurungiensis (Bt)—are inadequate or that the product “failed” to provide cotton growers control of the bollworm (M. Mellon, Letters, 1 Nov., [p. 703][1]) are simply
Higher order curvature terms in theories with creation

In two theories involving continuous creation higher order curvature terms are added to the field equations. At high gravitational curvatures the creation of matter depends critically on these extra terms. In zwei Theorien mit kontinuierlicher Materieerzeugung werden den Feldgleichungen Krummungsterme hoherer Ordnung hinzugefugt. Im Falle gro$sZer gravitativer Krummung hangt die Materieerzeugung kritisch von diesen Zusatztermen ab.
Heat stress induced ethylene production in developing wheat grains induces kernel abortion and increased maturation in a susceptible cultivar

Abstract In this work we present evidence that the heat stress induced kernel abortion and suppression of grain maturation in a representative heat susceptible hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar is regulated by heat stress induced ethylene production. Exposure to heat stress (38 °C) during early kernel development (10 DAP) resulted in a 6-fold increase in ethylene production in developing kernels of the heat susceptible hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Karl 92’. A similar 7-fold increase in ethylene production in embryos and 12-fold increase in ethylene production in the flag leaf of heat stressed plants of ‘Karl 92’ was also found. In contrast, no change in ethylene production was observed in the heat tolerant hard white spring wheat cultivar ‘Halberd’. In an effort to link the heat stress induced ethylene production to the observed increase in kernel abortion and reduced kernel weight in the heat susceptible ‘Karl 92’, plants were treated with the ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) prior to exposure to heat stress. Inhibiting ethylene perception in the heat susceptible ‘Karl 92’ in this manner blocked heat stress induced kernel abortion and reduction in kernel weight and demonstrated a clear link between ethylene in regulating susceptibility to heat stress or perception of high temperatures as a timing signal for transitioning to developmental arrest and senescence in certain wheat genotype classes.
Abstract B97: Exosomal survivin, a potential tool for early detection of pancreatic cancer health disparity?

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease that needs immediate attention to develop better screening or early diagnostic tools. African American populations have 42% higher pancreatic cancer death rates than Caucasians. These differences may modify various phases of the multistage process of carcinogenesis by molecular, genetic, and biologic aspects of cancer health disparities. Survivin is expressed in many cancers and its downregulation sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Small membrane-bound vesicles called exosomes, secreted from the endosomal membrane compartment, contain RNA and protein that they readily transport via exosome internalization into recipient cells. Recent progress has shown that tumor-derived exosomes play multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis and may produce these functions via immune escape, tumor invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, exosome analysis may provide novel biomarkers to diagnose early or monitor pancreatic cancer prognosis in African American populations. Methods: Caucasian-derived Panc1 (control) and African American-derived (KCI-Moh) cell lines were treated with sublethal dosages of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and gemcitabine. Conditioned media and cell lysates were collected. Exosomes were purified from both cell lines using ultracentrifugation and their quantities and qualities were quantified and visualized from the purified exosomes using ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Survivin was significantly higher in the exosomes purified from the KCI-Moh cell line's conditioned media compared to those from Panc1 (with and without treatment) although higher quantities of exosomes were noted with the different treatments in Panc1. Exosomal survivin levels were higher in KCI-Moh with CoCl2 as well as gemcitabine compared to controls. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that survivin exists in exosomes from both Panc1 and KCI-Moh cell lines, and higher concentrations of survivin were observed in KCI-Moh-derived conditioned media. However, increased exosomal survivin levels were observed after Gemcitabine treatment. The relative exosome quantity was significantly higher when treated with CoCl2 and Gemcitabine in Panc1. This differential expression of survivin in the media and exosomes from KCI-Moh may be responsible for chemoresistance or aggressiveness in African American-derived cell lines. Further analysis of plasma exosomal survivin levels may offer a convenient tool for diagnosing or monitoring pancreatic cancers and may be used for early detection in African American populations. Citation Format: Salma Khan, Jessica M.S. Jutzy, Jonathan R. Aspe, Nathan R. Wall. Exosomal survivin, a potential tool for early detection of pancreatic cancer health disparity? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B97.
The use of nickel graphite composite coatings for the mitigation of gross slip fretting wear on Ti6Al4V interfaces

Abstract In metallic contacts, surface oxides, adhesion, and material transfer play a primary role in the initial stages of fretting wear degradation. Given this behavior, the focus of this study was to mitigate fretting wear within Ti6Al4V contacts at room temperature and 450 °C with the use of thermally sprayed nickel graphite composite coatings with 5–20% graphite. The results show that the embedded graphite particles reduced the friction of the nickel thermal sprayed coatings during both low and high temperature fretting wear experiments. Friction and wear mechanisms are discussed with correlations of contact chemistry, morphology, and mechanical performance. Wear on the mated Ti6Al4V surfaces was reduced by the formation of uniform transfer films that were identified as graphitic based at room temperature and NiO based at 450 °C.
Simple Text-Messaging Intervention Is Associated With Improved Door-to-Needle Times for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Timely administration of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) is associated with improved outcomes for acute ischemic stroke; yet, developing processes to consistently provide prompt treatment remains a challenge. We developed and evaluated a simple quality improvement intervention designed to improve door-to-needle (DTN) times for resident-led Code Stroke teams at an academic medical center. Methods— We evaluated a simple text-messaging based intervention with real-time feedback to improve DTN times for intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. We used the rank-sum test and linear regression to evaluate for a change in DTN times that was temporally associated with the rollout of the intervention. Results— A total of 202 patients received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator; 94 preintervention and 108 postintervention. The median DTN time was significantly lower in the postintervention period (56 minutes [interquartile range 44–71] versus 82 minutes [IQR 68–103], P P Conclusions— A simple real-time text-messaging intervention was associated with a significant improvements in DTN times for acute ischemic stroke.
Guide to Community Preventive Services: a commentary.

This article presents the comments of Len Duhl MD on the Guide to Community Preventive Services. According to Duhl health suffers when the bottom line is cost-effectiveness and profit and not basic human and health needs. This indicates that social values differ. Even nonmonetary spiritual values are critical to communities. Duhl based this statement on the situations cited in the article. The first situation involved the story reported by a student on the outbreak of malaria and the treatment response implemented in southern Africa. From the story it is concluded that when conflicting values social diversity and multiple values occur the health of those concerned is jeopardized. In the second story that of the experience of Duhl in Healthy Cities and Communities program it is noted that change in a community resides in all levels of government the local private sector and the global corporations. Thus Duhl compliments the authors of the Guide stating that the publication is an important piece of research.
Ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) of integrated circuits using a 10 MeV carbon microbeam

Abstract This paper presents ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) data that simulates cosmic neutron-induced Si recoil effects in IC test structures. The experiments, conducted at Sandia National Laboratories, employed a 10 MeV Carbon microbeam with 1 μm diameter spot to scan test structure on specifically designed ICs. The test structure contains junctions typical of SRAMs and DRAMs. With the aid of IC layout information, an analysis of the charge collection efficiency from different test areas is given.
Evidence for increased peroxidative activity in muscles from streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

The ability of cardiac and skeletal muscles from diabetic rats to metabolize superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was determined by the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, respectively. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, 43 days old, were made diabetic with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight). On the 80th day after injection the blood glucose concentration of these rats was increased fourfold, and the plasma insulin concentration was decreased four- to fivefold compared to controls. Body weights of male diabetic rats were 61% and those of female diabetic rats were 66% of their ad libitum-fed controls. The seven different skeletal muscles examined weighed less in the diabetic rats than in controls of the same age and body weight. Comparison to the body weight controls allowed the distinction of specific effects due to lack of insulin from effects due to retardation in muscle growth. Increased catalase activity in all muscles examined from diabetic rats (plantaris, gastrocnemius, and heart) suggested a response in catalase activity similar to that of starved rats. SOD activity was not altered in the diabetic rat skeletal muscles and erythrocytes, but was somewhat decreased in the heart.
Immunoglobulins in Human Tears

The immunoglobulins found predomi­ nantly in fluids coating mucous membrane surfaces such as the conjunctiva, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and so on, may be important local agents of host defense mechanisms in initial or recurrent bacterial, viral or other infectious processes. Several reports" suggest that immunoglobulin A (IgA) in parotid, nasal and throat secretions plays a role in local immunity to respiratory infection and that a selective local antibody defect may be associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. From the ophthalmologic viewpoint, it may be important to know if there is any re­ lationship between tear immunoglobulins and herpes simplex virus in patients with herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. This disease re­ curs in approximately one-quarter of the eyes which have had dendritic keratitis" ; the virus may be chronically released from ocu­ lar adnexal sites" or from the cornea itself. Qualitative or quantitative changes in immunoglobulins in tears may be related to the initial episode or recurrence of herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. Limited information is available on the class and concentration of tear immunoglob­ ulins in healthy humans ; any role these sub­ stances may play as immune agents in spe­ cific external ocular disease is not known. As an initial step in the investigation of pa­ tients with recurrent herpes simplex kerato­ conjunctivitis, tears from healthy subjects were examined to obtain data on the classes
Acute Reversible Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy Associated with Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), also known as transient left ventricular apical ballooning or Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy, is characterized by reversible left ventricular dysfunction, chest pain or dyspnea, ST-segment elevation, and minor elevations in serum levels of cardiac enzymes, in the absence of significant coronary artery disease.1 Although its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, intense emotional or physical stress is a well-recognized precipitant.2 We present a case of SIC with severe left ventricular dysfunction but minimal ECG changes in a young, woman who received spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. A 31-year-old healthy woman was admitted at 40 weeks gestation for elective repeat cesarean delivery. Both her previous and current pregnancies were uncomplicated. Her first cesarean delivery was performed uneventfully with epidural anesthesia. She had no family history of heart disease and appeared calm on entry into the operating room. Successful spinal anesthesia was achieved …
An exact analysis of low Peclet number heat transfer in laminar flow with axial conduction

Abstract An exact method of analysis is presented for solving the low Peclet number thermal entry region problem for laminar flow inside a circular tube, including the effects of axial conduction in both the upstream and the downstream directions. The local Nusselt number for uniform wall heat flux conditions is determined for Pe = 0.5, 1, 5, 20, 45 and ∞ at different locations along the thermal entry region. The method is simple and easy to apply, and provides a new approach for the analysis of thermal entry region problems with axial conduction.
Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease (APE/REF-1) Haploinsufficient Mice Display Tissue-specific Differences in DNA Polymerase β-Dependent Base Excision Repair

Abstract Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease (APE) is a multifunctional protein possessing both DNA repair and redox regulatory activities. In base excision repair (BER), APE is responsible for processing spontaneous, chemical, or monofunctional DNA glycosylase-initiated AP sites via its 5′-endonuclease activity and 3′-“end-trimming” activity when processing residues produced as a consequence of bifunctional DNA glycosylases. In this study, we have fully characterized a mammalian model of APE haploinsufficiency by using a mouse containing a heterozygous gene-targeted deletion of the APE gene (Apex+/–). Our data indicate that Apex+/– mice are indeed APE-haploinsufficient, as exhibited by a 40–50% reduction (p < 0.05) in APE mRNA, protein, and 5′-endonuclease activity in all tissues studied. Based on gene dosage, we expected to see a concomitant reduction in BER activity; however, by using an in vitro G:U mismatch BER assay, we observed tissue-specific alterations in monofunctional glycosylase-initiated BER activity, e.g. liver (35% decrease, p < 0.05), testes (55% increase, p < 0.05), and brain (no significant difference). The observed changes in BER activity correlated tightly with changes in DNA polymerase β and AP site DNA binding levels. We propose a mechanism of BER that may be influenced by the redox regulatory activity of APE, and we suggest that reduced APE may render a cell/tissue more susceptible to dysregulation of the polymerase β-dependent BER response to cellular stress.
A simple radioassay of benzo(a)pyrene activation: Observations on the covalent interactions of benzo(a)pyrene with protein

Abstract A simple radioassay method is described to measure specifically and quantitatively the metabolic activation of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to a derivative which reacts covalently with a macromolecular target molecule (protein). The NADPH2-dependent formation of this macromolecule-hydrocarbon complex during incubation with rat liver microsomes is linear over a 30 min period, and occurs at a rate which is approximately 60% that of phenolic BP derivatives. No such product is formed during incubation with either heat-inactivated microsome preparations or bovine serum albumin. Inhibition of this reaction by sodium azide is seen only at concentrations of 0.1 m or greater, and is not distinguishable from inhibition by sodium chloride at similar levels. These observations suggest that Fe3+-protoporphyrin is not essential for BP activation.
Effect of the pore size on the aging of supported metals

Abstract The aging of supported metal crystallites is caused, under certain conditions, by the diffusion of the crystallites upon the surface of the substrate and by the sintering of the colliding particles. If the size of a crystallite is of the order of magnitude of the diameter of the pore, the diffusion of the crystallite will be impeded. A two-dimensional coagulation equation is formulated to describe the time dependence of the sizes of the population of crystallites into a porous substrate. Two models are used for the diffusion coefficient of the crystallites upon the substrate. In one of them, the diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to the area of the interface between particle and substrate, even when diffusion is impeded. In the other, the diffusion coefficient is assumed to behave as in the first model for particle sizes smaller than the diameter of a pore but is taken to be zero when the sizes of the particle and pore become of the same order. On the basis of the proposed models information about the size distribution and the decay of the exposed surface area of the metal is obtained. A comparison between the unimpeded diffusion on a planar substrate and the impeded diffusion inside a porous substrate is presented.
Extending an iterator model for binary trees to backtracking problems

Rasala [1] developed a design for an object-oriented tree-iterator. This paper extends that design to provide an iterator for backtracking problems. The developed iterator explicitly uses a stack to store partial solutions which must be evaluated and/or extended.The discussed design can be used as a teaching tool for recursion. Students often struggle with this paradigm [2] since - for their taste - too much is happening behind the scenes. Students can explore the explicit stack of the backtracking iterator after each recursion step.The design can be reused for different domains, since it separates domain-specific code from general iterator code. Solutions to the set and the maze problems are shown.
Dynamics and Memory of Heterochromatin in Living Cells

Posttranslational histone modifications are important for gene regulation, yet the mode of propagation and the contribution to heritable gene expression states remains controversial. To address these questions, we developed a chromatin in vivo assay (CiA) system employing chemically induced proximity to initiate and terminate chromatin modifications in living cells. We selectively recruited HP1α to induce H3K9me3-dependent gene silencing and describe the kinetics and extent of chromatin modifications at the Oct4 locus in fibroblasts and pluripotent cells. H3K9me3 propagated symmetrically and continuously at average rates of ~0.18 nucleosomes/hr to produce domains of up to 10 kb. After removal of the HP1α stimulus, heterochromatic domains were heritably transmitted, undiminished through multiple cell generations. Our data enabled quantitative modeling of reaction kinetics, which revealed that dynamic competition between histone marking and turnover, determines the boundaries and stability of H3K9me3 domains. This framework predicts the steady-state dynamics and spatial features of the majority of euchromatic H3K9me3 domains over the genome.
Self-disclosure and listener verbal support in same-gender and cross-gender friends' conversations

Self-disclosure and listener support were examined in conversations between same-gender and cross-gender friends. Participants were university students (mean age = 19 years) from mostly middle-class European-American backgrounds. Each pair of friends was asked to discuss how their relationships with their respective families had changed since entering college. Self-disclosures and listener verbal responses were coded from transcripts of the taped conversations. Coded listener responses ranged in how explicitly they acknowledged and supported the friend's disclosure. The Kraemer-Jacklin statistic was used to test for speaker gender, partner gender, and interaction effects: First, contrary to expectation, men made more disclosures than did women. Second, clarification questions were more likely in response to disclosures from male friends than female friends. Finally, women used more active understanding responses with female friends than did women with male friends, men with female friends, or men with male friends. Taken together, the results highlight ways in which women and men may express intimacy and show support differently depending on both the speaker's gender and the partner's gender.
Immunity to blood-stage murine malarial parasites is MHC class II dependent

To determine whether MHC class II antigen presentation is essential for the induction of protective immunity against blood-stage malarial parasites, we used gene-targeted knockout (KO) mice to follow the time-course of nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium chabaudi infections in two models of MHC class II deficiency. Infection of MHC class II KO (A(-/-)) mice with either parasite species resulted in an unremitting hyperparasitemia, whereas MHC-intact control mice resolved their parasitemia. In contrast, invariant chain KO (Ii(-/-)) mice, which present antigen via recycled but not nascent MHC class II molecules, eventually cured their infections when infected with P. yoelii. P. chabaudi parasitemia declined to subpatent levels in most Ii(-/-) mice but then recrudesced. Immunity to blood-stage malaria may be achieved by cell-mediated and antibody-mediated mechanisms of immunity, as such, the findings in A(-/-) mice indicate an essential role for MHC class II presentation of malarial antigens. Moreover, they suggest that protective immune responses to malarial antigens capable of eliminating blood-stage parasites are T cell dependent and can be induced with antigens processed in early and late endosomes.
Conformational analysis of crown ethers. Part 3. Alkali and alkaline earth cation complexes of 15-crown-5

Abstract An extensive conformational search of 15-crown-5 complexes with the alkali and alkaline earth cations was performed with an extended MM3 force field. A detailed comparison of the search results with crystallographic data establishes that the model accurately predicts the structural features of these compounds. An improved method is reported for scanning a macrocycle conformer cavity to determine the preferred metal ion size. We demonstrate that the variations in ligand strain for different conformers as a function of metal size rationalize the crystallographically observed variations in 15-crown-5 conformation as a function of metal ion size and charge.
Human Deafness Mutation of Myosin VI (C442Y) Accelerates the ADP Dissociation Rate

Abstract The missense mutation of Cys442 to Tyr of myosin VI causes progressive postlingual sensorineural deafness. Here we report the affects of the C442Y mutation on the kinetics of the actomyosin ATP hydrolysis mechanism and motor function of myosin VI. The largest changes in the kinetic mechanism of ATP hydrolysis produced by the C442Y mutation are about 10-fold increases in the rate of ADP dissociation from both myosin VI and actomyosin VI. The rates of ADP dissociation from acto-C442Y myosin VI-ADP and C442Y myosin VI-ADP are 20–40 times more rapid than the steady state rates and cannot be the rate-limiting steps of the hydrolysis mechanism in the presence or absence of actin. The 2-fold increase in the actin gliding velocity of C442Y compared with wild type (WT) may be explained at least in part by the more rapid rate of ADP dissociation. The C442Y myosin VI has a significant increase (∼10-fold) in the steady state ATPase rate in the absence of actin relative to WT myosin VI. The steady state rate of actin-activated ATP hydrolysis is unchanged by the C442Y mutation at low (<10–7 m) calcium but is calcium-sensitive with a 1.6-fold increase at high (∼10–4 m) calcium that does not occur with WT. The actin gliding velocity of the C442Y mutant decreases significantly at low surface density of myosin VI, suggesting that the mutation hampers the processive movement of myosin VI.
Teaching Computer Aided Product Design With Aesthetic Considerations

This paper presents a study on how to utilize the computer based 3-dimensional parametric solid modeling software to integrate aesthetics into the lectures of product design related courses of a mechanical engineering curriculum to improve teaching and learning. The study indicates that when aesthetics were properly introduced into the classrooms of product design related courses; it created an environment that stimulated students’ imagination and creativity therefore enhancing their learning experience. When teaching product design courses, instruction tends to be focused on the underlying engineering requirements related to the product. Little is taught in the classroom about the aesthetic aspects of the product. As a result, the products created from the student’s design projects are mostly functional but not necessarily visually appealing. To address this issue, in teaching design-related courses, students were told to play the roles of both designers and consumers. After learning the basics of aesthetics, students were encouraged to inject their own aesthetic evaluations, considering themselves as customers, into the design process. This allowed the students to put more attention on the human elements (aesthetics) of their design. As a result, the students’ design projects have dramatically improved in content and in forms. The advances in computer based 3D parametric modeling software has made the integration of aesthetics into the engineering design curriculum possible. Both AutoDesk’s Inventor and PTC’s Pro Engineer Wildfire software packages were used in the classrooms. With the software’s enhanced spline and surface features, students were able to try different forms or shapes to generate the desired aesthetic effects that they weren’t able to create in the past.Copyright © 2005 by ASME