cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tidal volume variability during airway pressure release ventilation: case summary and theoretical analysis.

Airway pressure-release ventilation (APRV) is used in the management of patients with severe or refractory respiratory failure. In addition to reversal of inspiratory-expiratory ratios, this pressure control mode also allows unrestricted spontaneous breathing. The spontaneous tidal volume (VT), as well as the V T resulting from transition between the high and low airway pressures, is uncontrolled. There are limited data on the within-patient variation of actual V T and the safety of these modes. The authors present a patient with severe ARDS who was managed with biphasic modes (APRV and bi-level positive airway pressure). Serial V T measurements showed that VT ranged from 4 to 12 mL/kg predicted body weight. Computed tomography scan images and chest radiographs obtained before and following APRV showed lung parenchyma changes that may be related to ventilator-induced lung injury. We also present a mathematical model that is useful for simulating APRV and demonstrating the issues related to volume delivery for mandatory breaths during the transition between the 2 pressure levels. A key finding of this analysis is the interdependence of release volume, autoPEEP, and the T low time setting. Furthermore, it is virtually impossible to target a specific P aCO2 with a desired level VT and autoPEEP in a passive model, emphasizing the importance of spontaneous breathing with this mode. This case report suggests caution when using these modes, and that end-inspiratory lung volumes and V T should be limited to avoid lung injury. The important point of this case study and model analysis is that the application of APRV is more complex than it appears to be. It requires a lot more knowledge and skill than may be apparent
An Irreversible Thermodynamics Theory for Damage Mechanics of Solids

The entropy production is a non-negative quantity based on irreversible thermodynamics and thus serves as a basis for the systematic description of the irreversible processes occurring in a solid. In this paper, a thermodynamic framework has been presented for damage mechanics of solid materials, where entropy production is used as the sole measure of damage evolution in the system. As a result, there is no need for physically meaningless empirical parameters to define a phenomenological damage potential surface or a Weibull function to trace damage evolution in solid continuum. In order to validate the model, predictions are compared with experimental results, which indicates that entropy production can be used as a damage evolution metric. The theory is founded on the basic premise that a solid continuum obeys the first and the second laws of thermodynamics.
Expression of a cloned rat brain potassium channel in Xenopus oocytes

Potassium channels are ubiquitous membrane proteins with essential roles in nervous tissue, but little is known about the relation between their function and their molecular structure. A complementary DNA library was made from rat hippocampus, and a complementary DNA clone (RBK-1) was isolated. The predicted sequence of the 495-amino acid protein is homologous to potassium channel proteins encoded by the Shaker locus of Drosophila and differs by only three amino acids from the expected product of a mouse clone MBK-1. Messenger RNA transcribed from RBK-1 in vitro directed the expression of potassium channels when it was injected into Xenopus oocytes. The potassium current through the expressed channels resembles both the transient (or A) and the delayed rectifier currents reported in mammalian neurons and is sensitive to both 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium.
Physiological activities of synthetic analogs of polynucleotides

The term polynucleotide is usually used for an analog or a fragment of nucleic acids. As with other important natural compounds, more distant analogs of polynucleotides, were synthesized and studied. In this review polymers which have backbones analogous to those of plastics and substituents analogous to those of polynucleotides are described; further in the text these compounds are named polynucleotide analogs. The interactions of polynucleotide analogs with natural polynucleotides and related proteins are described. These interactions strongly depend on the electric charge of polynucleotide analogs. Electroneutral analogs of polynucleotides interact with natural polynucleotides in a specific manner forming base-pair type complexes. On the other hand, the enzymes of nucleic acid synthesis are not directly bound by these polymers. Because neither polynucleotide analogs nor complexes of these analogs and natural polynucleotides can act as templates in biosynthesis, polynucleotide analogs can be used to block the natural ones and thus, to act as template-specific inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis. This inhibitory action of polynucleotide analogs is strong and specific in cell-free systems, and because they are not biodegradable it may be assumed that the effects of these polymers on cells or animals would also be strong and long-lasting. However, this is not the case; these effects were found to be rather weak and short-lasting. The observed decrease in effectiveness is the result of two factors: a) the ability of polymers to penetrate into the interior of cells is very low and b) by autophagy, the cells are able to capture foreign polymers, that penetrate their cytoplasm, in membrane-coated vesicles and thus, isolate these polymers from the processes occurring in the cell interior.
Utility maximization for communication networks with multipath routing

In this paper, we study utility maximization problems for communication networks where each user (or class) can have multiple alternative paths through the network. This type of multi-path utility maximization problems appear naturally in several resource allocation problems in communication networks, such as the multi-path flow control problem, the optimal quality-of-service (QoS) routing problem, and the optimal network pricing problem. We develop a distributed solution to this problem that is amenable to online implementation. We analyze the convergence of our algorithm in both continuous-time and discrete-time, and with and without measurement noise. These analyses provide us with guidelines on how to choose the parameters of the algorithm to ensure efficient network control.
Catecholamine Crisis Precipitated by Intra-Articular Glucocorticoid Administration in a Patient with Paraganglioma

ABSTRACT Objective: Oral and parenteral glucocorticoids are associated with catecholamine crisis, but association with intra-articular steroid formulation has not been previously described. We aim to describe the onset of catecholamine crisis, induced by administration of intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), in the setting of abdominal paraganglioma (PGL). Methods: We present a case with characteristic clinical and biochemical features of catecholamine crisis, propose mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced catecholamine surge, and also discuss the pharmacokinetics of intra-articular TCA. Results: A 77-year-old physically active, asymptomatic male with history of well-controlled hypertension and remote coronary artery disease presented with abrupt onset of chest pain and oscillating hypotensive and hypertensive episodes. Cardiac catheterization was unrevealing for new ischemia. Abdominal imaging identified a 9 × 8 cm midabdominal left peri-aortic mass. Plasma and urine metanephrines were elevated m...
Incentives from Compensation Option and Risk-Taking - Hedge Funds

With a new proxy for the compensation option to hedge funds management, we explore the managerial incentives and risk-taking behavior for an extended sample of hedge funds. We focus on the incentives in response to the compensation option as discussed in Goetzmann, Ingersoll, and Ross (2003), and to relative performance in a 'tournament' as proposed by Brown, Harlow, and Starks (1996). We find that managers do respond to the "moneyness" of their compensation option and the length of time a fund has stayed under-water by shifting their volatility strategies. We find that size, age, as well as management fee level all play a role in affecting this response. On the other hand, funds are also found to respond to relative performance as described in the 'tournament' theory.
Description, Evaluation and Stance: Exploring the Forms and Functions of Speech Descriptors in Early Modern English

This article explores the form and function of “speech descriptors”. These features describe in some way what a speech event that is being represented was like, such as loudly in She said loudly that she was unhappy . Based on data from Early Modern English witness depositions, the study reveals that a number of aspects of represented speech can be described by speech descriptors and that such descriptors come in a number of linguistic forms. Prepositional phrases, adverbs, and adjective constructions are the most common forms, and speech descriptors can signal aspects of evaluation (e.g., angrily ), clarification (e.g., meaning ), and formulation hedging (e.g., or words to that effect ), among other features. The article underscores the importance of further attention to these descriptors in order to gain a full understanding of the dynamics of speech representation in historical periods.
Establishment of two new myeloma cell lines from bilateral pleural effusions: evidence for sequential in vivo clonal change

Two new human myeloma cell lines have been established from a 36-year- old woman with refractory IgG kappa multiple myeloma in whom bilateral malignant pleural effusions developed. The malignant plasma cells from each effusion were set up in a liquid culture using an L-15 medium containing catalase, glutathione, selenous acid, ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, additional glutamine hydrocortisone, and 2- mercaptoethanol and designated as M-3 medium. Two IgG kappa cell lines, LB -831 and LB-832, were established and proved to be Epstein-Barr virus negative using the internal repeat sequence DNA probe. Characteristic plasma cell morphology was evident by light and electron microscopy. Immunotyping revealed an IgG kappa , B1+, B2-, Ia (HLA- DR)+, CALLA+ phenotype for each cell line as well as for the original pleural fluid and bone marrow myeloma cells. The supernatants also contained IgG kappa, beta 2 microglobulin, and large amounts of osteoclast-activating factor (indicating bone-resorbing activity). Cytogenetic analysis of the LB-831 cell line revealed a nearly triploid highly abnormal karyotype with numerous clonal chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, and 15; several structurally abnormal marker chromosomes; and a putative homogeneously staining region on chromosome 7p at band p22. Analysis of the LB-832 cell line revealed several additional clonal abnormalities. These additional cytogenetic changes suggest that in vivo sequential clonal evolution occurred in this patient. Therefore, two new but related cell lines have been established, which should prove useful for further biological studies.
Are Prices Sticky or Just Backward-Looking?

This paper contributes to the address of two questions emphasized in the recent literature on models of the role of monetary policy in the economy. The first concerns the consistency of the New Keynesian sticky price model with the high degree of persistence in inflation. The second concerns the possibility that perceived differences in the behavioral relationship between inflation, interest rates, and real variables across time may be attributable to a switch from "passive" to "active" monetary policy after 1979. I first show how passive policy can have very different implications with respect to the persistence of inflation. I then estimate parameters of a fairly standard model in this class; and I find little evidence against the hypothesis that monetary policy has been passive over the entire period 1959-2001. Moreover, my findings indicate little role for price stickiness. I suggest an interpretation of the real volatility of the early 1980s somewhat different from the mainstream view.
Modification of glucagon-induced hyperglycemia in rats by 17-ethyl-19-nortestonsterone.

SummaryNilevar, but not testosterone, was effective in reducing the hyperglycemic response to exogenous glucagon in rats. Castrated rats were hypersensitive to the glucose elevating properties of glucagon for several days immediately after operation but by 30 days were resistant to the effects of glucagon. The refractory state induced by Nilevar probably was not mediated through the hypophysis, the hypophyseal target glands, or by blocking hepatic glycogenolytic pathways.
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN ASCLEPIAS: LOCK AND KEY HYPOTHESIS RECONSIDERED.

Although the evolutionary role of reproductive isolating mechanisms as causative factors in the origin of species has been questioned (Ehrlich and Raven, 1969), their importance in the maintenance of species distinctness within local plant communities appears to be considerable. Authors have repeatedly stressed the necessity of genetically controlled mechanisms that restrict or prevent gene flow between related plant groups, making it possible for such species or populations to coexist sympatrically and yet remain distinct (e.g., Stebbins, 1974; Levin, 1978). Ir. plant families possessing complex floral structures and entomophilous pollination, mechanical isolation may limit severely the extent of interspecific pollination. However, as Levin (1978) has pointed out, the mere presence of a specialized floral architecture need not imply the presence of strong mechanical barriers. In milkweeds (Asclepias), the mechanisms responsible for maintaining species differences appear particularly well-developed. Despite frequently overlapping distributions of species, only one or two naturally-occurring hybrid combinations are known for the 108 North American species (Woodson, 1954). Pollination is accomplished by nectar-seeking insects which insert specialized pollinia (aggregations of pollen) into narrow chambers within the flower. Because individual insects are known to carry the pollinaria (paired pollinia) of diverse asclepiads, many authors (Grant, 1949; Woodson, 1954; Davis and Heywood, 1963; Macior, 1974; Stebbins, 1974) have suggested that the absence of hybridization results from mechanical isolation, with the specific fit between stigmatic chamber and pollinium acting analogously to a lock and key. Differential positioning of dissimilar pollinarium types on insect pollinators may also limit interspecific transfer of pollen (Macior, 1965). However, the effectiveness of both of the mechanisms proposed above has remained largely untested because extensive examination of flowers for the presence of pollinia of other species has not been made. Furthermore, postpollination barriers to hybridization may exist since attempts to create artificial hybrids in Asclepias have been largely unsuccessful (Moore, 1946; Woodson, 1954). The purpose of the following study was to examine the importance of the proposed mechanical factors for three sympatric species of Asclepias by determining whether interspecific pollination occurred in natural and experimental populations of A. incarnata L., A. verticillata L., and A. syriaca L. Most individuals of all three of the species studied are self-incompatible (Kephart, 1980) and are visited by a wide variety of largely hymenopteran and lepidopteran pollinators (Robertson, 1929; Macior, 1965; Kephart, 1979). Two of the species, A. verticillata and A. incarnata, are considered to be more closely related to each other than either is to A. syriaca (Woodson, 1954). Plants of these species are often found growing in close proximity in disturbed areas of the midwest, yet hybrids between them are unknown.
Angiocentric T cell lymphoma of the central nervous system in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome.

Patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) have an increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders, mainly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and pseudolymphoma. We describe a young Caucasian woman with a 7 year history of SS, who presented with meningeal signs and symptoms and was found to have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system.
Status of overweight/obesity and its influencing factors among residents in Haidian District of Beijing

Objective To study the status of overweight / obesity and its influencing factors among residents over the age of 18 ~ 79 in Haidian District of Beijing. Methods A total of 6 598 residents over the age of 18 were selected with multi-stage random cluster sampling from 20 streets. A survey was conducted among them to investigate the situation of overweight / obesity and its influencing factors. Results The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of the participants were 38. 53% and 18. 84%,respectively. The standardized prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 34. 82% and 16. 59% respectively. Multi-logistic regression showed that higher age,married,drinking,salty tastes were risk factors of overweight and obesity,while female and education level above senior high school were protective factors for overweight and obesity. Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity problems are getting worse among the residents of Haidian District,comprehensive measures should be taken to deal with overweight and obesity.
A Demographic-Economic Model for Adloescent Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention

A demographic–economic model is used to estimate the impact of evidenced-based, substance-abuse social intervention that addresses delinquent crime. If ramped-up with more extensive financing, prevention would have many beneficial effects on drug and behavioral problems of delinquent youth. Historical data show drug use accelerates in the 14–15 year age group and peaks in the 18–20 year age group and then begins to decline until age 30. Over a 1-year interval, African Americans aged 12–17 have been found to use illicit drugs at a rate of 14% and Whites at 17%; however, African American youth drug offenses are 51% higher than comparable White youth offenses. Significant economic costs are generated by the disproportionate criminal justice outcomes experienced by African American adolescents, and cost savings are calculated. Two scenarios are developed to illustrate the effect of expanded programming for at-risk youths. A decline in residential placement in the juvenile justice system is projected along wit...
Stochastic path optimization for robotic bees using cloud computing

We study the problem of dynamic routing of robotic bees towards the hive, with the intended purpose of minimizing the time it takes for all the bees to arrive at the destination. Due to uncertainty in position measurements, the stochastic problem cannot ensure collision-free paths. We study the effects that the algorithm parameters have in reducing the computational complexity and expected number of collisions. The dynamic path allocation assumes signals are received every ϵ units of time. We provide a weak convergence proof that the stochastic dynamic allocation converges to the optimal deterministic path when ϵ → 0. Next we explore via experimentation how the various algorithm parameters affect the overall performance. A k-nearest neighbors strategy is implemented to lessen the need for small step size ϵ and safety parameter. Δ. In this manner we achieve a faster completion time, reduce collisions and computational complexity.
The Influence of Multiple Magnetic Ordering on the Magnetocaloric Effect in RNiAl Alloys

Both the change in magnetic entropy (ΔSmag) and the adiabatic temperature rise (ΔTad) induced by a change of magnetic field were determined for a series of (Gd1-xErx)NiAl alloys (where x = 0, 0.30, 0.46, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.00). Through magnetic and heat capacity measurements, these materials were found to possess multiple antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering processes. The value of ΔSmag was observed to peak around the antiferromagnetic transition temperature for ErNiAl, with the maximum gradually broadening and shifting upward toward the Curie temperature as the Gd content is increased. For Gd-rich alloys, a significant contribution to the magnetic entropy change is observed at both the low and high-temperature transitions, resulting in a skewed caret-like ΔSmag vs. temperature profile. Broad zero-field transitions coupled with opposing shifts in entropy around the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures induced by the application of a magnetic field are believed to contribute to this effect.
THE GANSER SYNDROME

Gentlemen ! In the past few years I have seen a number of patients the peculiarity of whose illness escaped me heretofore, I must admit, because I neglected to study them in a systematic manner. To me the observations seemed interesting enough to report and to hear your opinion concerning them, particularly since they also merit no small practical interest. These patients have a number of common features which justify grouping them together as a distinct entity. I will select, from the four cases which I have seen, the outstanding features and sketch them for you. The most obvious sign which they present consists of their inability to answer correctly the simplest questions which are asked of them, even though by many of their answers they indicate that they have grasped, in a large part, the sense of the question, and in their answers they betray at once a baifling ignorance and a surprising lack of knowledge which they most assuredly once possessed, or still possess.
The Symmetries T^{\prime}_{{i, e}}, \ T^{\prime \prime}_{{i, e}} of U

37.1.1. In this section we fix i\( \in \)I and e = ±1. Recall that in 5.2.1 we have defined some symmetries \(T_{i,e}^\prime ,T_{i,e}^{\prime\prime} ,:M \to M\) for any integrable module M of U. In the following proposition we define analogous symmetries \(T_{i,e}^\prime ,T_{i,e}^{\prime\prime} ,:U \to U\)
VARIUS-TC: A modular architecture-level model of parametric variation for thin-channel switches

Under aggressive miniaturization, unconventional digital switches rapidly come to light, which introduce new sources of variation in design parameters, and hence challenge the manufacturing process further. As a result, performance and power of manufactured hardware becomes greatly unpredictable. Characterizing variation-incurred unpredictability at early stages of the design necessitates dependable architecture-level models of variation, which distill device- and circuit-level details to accurately evaluate system-level implications. In this paper, we introduce a modular architecture-level model of parametric variation to address this challenge. As a case study, we refine our discussion to a representative class of emerging thin-channel switches, FinFETs.
Mathematics Anxiety: One Size Does Not Fit All

Mathematics educators agree elementary teachers should possess confidence and competence in teaching mathematics. Many prospective elementary teachers (particularly women) pursue careers in element...
Arthroskopischer Popliteus-Bypass-Graft für kombinierte posterolaterale Rotationsinstabilitäten des Kniegelenks

Mit der kombinierten Versorgung von Verletzungen des hinteren Kreuzbands (HKB) und der posterolateralen Ecke (PLC) verbleibt nach arthroskopischer HKB-Plastik und minimal-invasiver (extraanatomischer) Augmentation nach Larson haufig eine nicht unerhebliche dorsale Restinstabilitat. Mittels anatomischer Techniken werden bessere Ergebnisse beschrieben, jedoch erfordern diese meist ein offenes und aufwandiges Operationsverfahren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll deshalb eine arthroskopische Technik fur das Popliteus-Bypass-Graft zur Wiederherstellung der passiven Rotationsstabilitat des Popliteuskomplexes vorgestellt werden. Die operative Technik basiert auf der arthroskopischen Darstellung des Sulcus popliteus, der Anlage eines Bohrkanals im distalen Drittel des Sulcus popliteus sowie der Darstellung des femoralen Footprints der Popliteussehne mit der Anlage eines anatomischen femoralen Kanals. Zusatzlich erfolgt die arthroskopische HKB-Plastik. Insbesondere bei Verletzungen der posterolateralen Ecke vom Typ A nach Fanelli hat sich die beschriebene Technik bewahrt. Langzeitergebnisse stehen noch aus.
Centrality-based caching for privacy in Information-Centric Networks

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a proposal for a future network architecture that shifts from the current end-to-end host based TCP/IP internet architecture by prioritizing content rather than hosts. To this end, ICN relies on in-network caching where routers cache content they have seen with the hope of satisfying future requests for the same content and relieving the original data servers. While in-network caching proved beneficial for a more efficient retrieval of content, it has also caused the emergence of several privacy risks. Timing attacks are one such privacy breach where attackers use timing analysis of data retrievals to analyze users' interests in particular content. In this paper, we propose centrality-based caching to mitigate such attacks and use the anonymity set privacy metric to show that our strategy does provide privacy guarantees. Moreover, our simulations show that we can still achieve high hit rates and low delays while alleviating the network's vulnerability to timing attacks.
Titillation, Murder, and Romance: Hollywood’s Objectification of Women College Students

As women began outnumbering men in college enrollments in the 1970s, a backlash against independent, assertive women appeared in Hollywood’s female-centered college movies. During the 1970s–1980s, Hollywood’s films showed co-eds’ purpose as titillation through nudity, sex, or victimized horror scenes. In more recent decades, college women are seen in faux-feminist roles, prioritizing romance and heterosexual relationships over academics. This chapter examines 23 women-centered college movies from 1970 to 2012 that have both distorted and mirrored women’s experiences and roles in higher education while dismissing their intellectual capabilities.
METB-02USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY TO TRACK DENDRITIC CELLS FOR VACCINE IMMUNOTHERAPY

INTRODUCTION: Recently, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the proportion of dendritic cell migration to lymph nodes and improved overall survival in GBM patients. Although we have utilized SPECT imaging, this modality is limited by the use of ionizing radiation and radionucleotides. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a feasible alternative and avoids patient radiation exposure and has additional benefit of providing clinically useful anatomic information in patients. Here we evaluate feasibility of labeling DCs with metabolites (e.g sarcosine) or (13)C to track them using spectroscopy. METHODS: DCs were generated from myeloid progenitors in normal or (13)C glucose supplemented medium. Mature DCs were loaded with sarcosine using electroporation and overnight incubation in sarcoine containing medium. Sarcosine assay was used to determine the amount of sarcosine per cell. A panel of DC antigen specific antibodies was used to evaluate DCs phenotype after loading with sarcosine or (13)C. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to determine DC metabolic signature, the sarcosine and (13)C content of the loaded DCs and also the metabolite spectral pattern of DC activated lymph nodes. RESULTS: Sarcosine and C13 glucose were well tolerated by the DCs without any change in expression of the maturation markers. Sarcosine assay showed that incubation of mature DCs in 6 and 20 mM sarcosine would lead to a concentration of 2 and 3pg/cell, respectively. NMR spectroscopy showed a unique sarcosine signature in intact mature DCs. It also confirmed (13)C incorporation in many metabolites. NMR spectral pattern in activated lymph nodes was correlated with number of cells harvested. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, sarcosine and C13 can be efficiently used to label DCs in culture and have the potential to distinguish and quantify labeled cells using NMR spectroscopy. Further investigations into using these labeling strategies to identify DCs using MR spectroscopy are under way.
Study of current-mode active pixel sensor circuits using amorphous InSnZnO thin-film transistor for 50-μm pixel-pitch indirect X-ray imagers

Abstract Current-mode active pixel sensor (C-APS) circuits based on amorphous indium-tin-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a-ITZO TFTs) are proposed for indirect X-ray imagers. The proposed C-APS circuits include a combination of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p + -i-n + photodiode (PD) and a-ITZO TFTs. Source-output (SO) and drain-output (DO) C-APS are investigated and compared. Acceptable signal linearity and high gains are realized for SO C-APS. APS circuit characteristics including voltage gain, charge gain, signal linearity, charge-to-current conversion gain, electron-to-voltage conversion gain are evaluated. The impact of the a-ITZO TFT threshold voltage shifts on C-APS is also considered. A layout for a pixel pitch of 50 μm and an associated fabrication process are suggested. Data line loadings for 4k-resolution X-ray imagers are computed and their impact on circuit performances is taken into consideration. Noise analysis is performed, showing a total input-referred noise of 239 e − .
Complex Numbers and Exponentials

This chapter introduces the importance of complex numbers and exponentials which are an integral part of digital communications and digital signal processing (DSP). The reason of delving deep into this area leads the readers to two-dimensional number plane, which help to understand DSP. The operators such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication take people through the complex side of numbers which are explained in two dimensions. The use of complex conjugate and complex exponential—in the number plane—allows readers understand the relationship of basic characteristics of numbers and its treatment. The chapter further looks into measuring angles in radians, which leads to the use of pi and the equivalence of the degrees and radians in measuring angles. DSP therefore uses this concept in later stages to understand the clockwise and anticlockwise movement around the circle.
Comparing an on-site nurse practitioner with telemedicine physician support hospitalist programme with a traditional physician hospitalist programme:

IntroductionSince 2010, more than 75 rural hospitals have closed in the USA and more than one-third are at risk of closure due to lower patient volumes, lower funding levels, decreased hospital revenue and lower physician employment pools. Telemedicine can provide new models of care delivery that maintain quality and reduce cost of healthcare in rural populations. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a cross-organizational pilot program by comparing a NP/telemedicine physician hospitalist programme with a traditional physician hospitalist model to assess effects on length of patient stay, mortality rates, readmission rate, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) ratings of provider communication, and total hospital costs.MethodsThe Standard for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines were followed. Using a one-year retrospective chart review, average length of stay, mortality rates, 30-day readmission rates and provider communication ratings we...
Improvements to Single Energy Absorptiometry Method for Digital Mammography to Quantify Breast Tissue Density

We report on the improvements of the design and characteristics of a single energy absorptiometry (SXA) method to quantify the volume of dense breast tissue from mammograms. The method consists of including a breast tissue equivalent phantom in the unused portion of the mammogram as a reference for breast composition. The phantom contains nine lead positioning markers which solve for the orientation of the paddle by a 3D reconstruction least square technique. The volumetric breast density was calculated by comparing image pixel values to the fat/fibroglandular references at the same thickness and using an elaborated calibration map. The breast density precision and accuracy were determined by multiple scans of a test phantom at different compression thicknesses and paddle-tilt angles. We also estimated the error contribution due to thickness and tilt angle variations.
Microradioautography in internal irradiation of the prostate.

In preliminary attempts to find a technique for internal irradiation of the prostate, studies using regional perfusion of the dog's prostate with P/sup 32/ compounds showed that the prostate received higher concentrations of the isotope than other viscera. Whether the isotope was deposited intraepithelially or was present only in the extracellular fluid was investigated by microradioautography. Two compounds containing P/sup 32/, sodium phosphate and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, were used. Four methods for introducing P/sup 32/ into the epithelial cells of the dog's prostate are described: intravenous injection, intraarterial infusion, regional perfusion, and retrograde injection via the urethra. Intraepithelial localization of both P/sup 32/-labeled compounds was demonstrable in microradioautographs of prostate, especially when urethral injections were made. The radioactivity of prostate was approximates 400 times higher by this route compared with the other 3 when measurements were made 24 hr postinjection. (TCO)
Goethean Method in the Work of Jochen Bockemühl

All this talk, this theorizing about Goethean science — however profound — is of course very un-Goethean. After all, Goethe himself said that his work had to be done to be understood. There is a real pitfall here, and not every commentator on Goethe’s science has managed to avoid it. Take Helmholtz, for example: having analyzed The Metamorphosis of Plants, he reduced the entire text to the single proposition “the parts of the flower are the lateral appendages of the axis,” and then proceeded to dismiss the manifest because the language in which it was expressed was tautologous. But Goethe was not trying to make a propositional statement about the plant: he was trying to teach us how to see it. Thus I propose an intermezzo in which we practice a little Goethean morphology together, and I hope that this entr’acte performed by a non-botanist will prove, if not instructive, at least entertaining.
DISTRIBUTED ESTIMATORS FOR MULTI-SENSOR SYSTEMS

Abstract Consider the following distributed estimation problem. A coordinator must reconstruct the (global) density of a random process, Conditioned on N distributed noise-corrupted observation histories. The coordinator can only access the X (local) conditional probability densities produced by local processing of these distributed observation histories, not the observation histories themselves. The coordinator's models of the distributed observation dynamics can differ from the local processors’ models. By constraining the choice of the local models, the coordinator can recover exactly the centralized conditional density (as if it had access to all the observation histories). This paper extends previous work in nonlinear distributed estimation to include cases where the local models are different from the observed process model. This extension will lessen the local processors’ complexities or computational load without losing the optimality of the coordinator's fusion algorithm We assume that: the observed random process is a nonlinear (linear) stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion; the observation processes are corrupted with additive Brownian motions that are identically modeled by the coordinator and the local processor; and the sufficient statistics of the local conditional probability densities are transmitted to the coordinator, after every local observation, over noise-free channels
Adaptive Near-Field Imaging with Robotic Arrays

In this paper, we are interested in phased-array imaging of an unknown area using narrowband RF signals and arrays synthesized by an unmanned vehicle. Typical phased array imaging approaches use fixed or pre-determined array configurations for imaging, which are not usually informative for the whole area. In this paper, we then propose an iterative adaptive imaging approach where we identify the uncertain regions in an initial image that need to be sensed better, find the optimal array location and orientation for such a sensing task and finally combine the new image with the initial image to obtain a better overall imaging quality. Such an approach is easily enabled by using robots to synthesize arrays. We validate our proposed approach with numerical simulations and show that an adaptive approach improves the imaging quality as compared to imaging with fixed arrays.
The Impact of Recreational Marijuana Legislation in Washington, DC on Marijuana Use Cognitions.

Background: There is little published research that tests the effect of recreational marijuana legislation on risk-related cognitions and how individuals respond immediately after legislative appro...
Pre-fire drought and competition mediate post-fire conifer mortality in western U.S. National Parks

Tree mortality is an important outcome of many forest fires. Extensive tree injuries from fire may lead directly to mortality, but environmental and biological stressors may also contribute to tree death. However, there is little evidence showing how the combined effects of two common stressors, drought and competition, influence post-fire mortality. Geographically broad observations of three common western coniferous trees subjected to prescribed fire showed the likelihood of post-fire mortality was related to intermediate-term (10 yr) pre-fire average radial growth, an important component of tree vigor. Path analysis showed that indices of competition and drought stress prior to fire can be described in terms of joint effects on growth, indirectly affecting post-fire mortality. Our results suggest that the conditions that govern the relationship between growth and mortality in unburned stands may also apply to post-fire environments. Thus, biotic and abiotic changes that affect growth negatively (e.g., drought stress) or positively (e.g., growth releases following thinning treatments) prior to fire may influence expressed fire severity, independent of fire intensity (e.g., heat flux, residence time). These relationships suggest that tree mortality may increase under stressful climatic or stand conditions even if fire behavior remains constant.
Local Tension on Talin in Focal Adhesions Correlates With F-Actin Alignment at the Nanometer Scale

Abstract Cellular force transmission and mechanotransduction are critical in embryogenesis, normal physiology, and many diseases. Talin plays a key role in these processes by linking integrins to force-generating actomyosin. Using the previously characterized FRET-based talin tension sensor, we observed variations of tension both between and within individual focal adhesions in the same cell. Assembling and sliding adhesions showed gradients with higher talin tension toward the cell center, whereas mature, stable adhesions had uniform talin tension. Total talin accumulation was maximal in high-tension regions; by contrast, vinculin intensity was flat or maximal at the adhesion center, and actin intensity was maximal toward the cell center. To investigate mechanism, we combined talin tension imaging with cellular cryotomography to visualize the correlated actin organization at nanometer resolution. Regions of high talin tension had highly aligned linear actin filaments, whereas regions of low tension had less-well-aligned F-actin. These results reveal an orchestrated spatiotemporal relationship between talin tension, actin/vinculin localization, local actin organization, and focal adhesion dynamics.
Abstract # 3090 Prospective effects of latent infection on self-regulation and executive function in older adults

Recent attention to the effects of latent infection on human brain and behavior has focused on the parasite Toxoplasma, which directly infects the brain, and herpesviruses, which infect diverse cells and also promote proinflammatory immunosenescence, which in turn could affect the brain. The present investigation tested prospective effects of baseline Toxoplasmaand cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection among 147 older adults (age 60–93 at baseline). Participants were administered a measure of self-regulation (BRIEF) and a battery of executive function tests semiannually up to 9 times. Multi-level models with administrations at Level 1 and people at Level 2 included baseline age, education, and administrations as covariates. CMV + status (79%) and CMV titers were associated with poorer self-regulation over the 4-year follow-up (status: t(637) = 2.58, p = .01; titers: t(284) = 2.75, p = .006). Log CMV titers also weakly predicted executive function (t(210) = 1.80, p = .07). Toxoplasma + status (23%) and log titers associated with poorer self-regulation, but only among women (status: t(137) = 2.07, p = .04; titers: t(139) = 2.00, p = .05). The proinflammatory immunosenescence associated with CMV may have implications for control over behavior and cognition with aging. Sex differences in the effects of direct infection of the brain by Toxoplasmasupport theories that posit non–hormonal mechanisms of latent infection such as interference with folate uptake.
Abstract 1822: A mitochondrial pfeRNA associates with Far Upstream Element Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1) to promote lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis

Background: Protein Functional Effector RNAs (pfeRNAs) are novel small non-coding RNA molecules with great prognostic and diagnostic potential for NSCLC. They feature direct binding to, and regulation of phosphorylated proteins involved in lung cancer tumorigenesis pathways. Using next-generation sncRNA deep sequencing, we have identified a mitochondrial pfeRNA (mtpfeRNA) that could play a key role in tumorigenesis and cancer development of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Methods: Using next-generation sncRNA deep sequencing, we analysed ADC and human normal bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell lines; and biospecimens including matched biopsy-proven ADC tissue, histologically normal adjacent lung tissue, benign lymph node, and (iv) malignant lymph nodes; Identifying a mitochondrial pfeRNA that could play critical roles in lung cancer tumorigenesis. Next, we examined the impact of this mtpfeRNA on lung ADC cell line viability. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and reverse immunoprecipitation assays were used to identify critical interacting protein partners known to drive tumorigenesis. We further correlated our findings to clinical staging of ADC tumor cores by IHC staining. Results: The expression levels of mtpfeRNA were upregulated in ADC compared to that of squamous cell carcinoma and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. We also noted that blocking the upregulated mtpfeRNA resulted in significant decreases in cell viability in ADC cells. Next, we determined that mtpfeRNA binds to Far Upstream Element Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1). Furthermore, we confirmed that both mtpfeRNA and FUBP1 expression correlated to stages and lymph node metastasis in patients with ADC. Conclusion: We revealed novel functions of a mtpfeRNA in ADC, providing potential molecules for developing diagnostics and targeted therapy to improve the dismal survival rate of patients with ADC. Citation Format: Nadege T. Fackche, Yuping Mei, Tomoaki Ito, Matthew Garner, Malcolm Brock. A mitochondrial pfeRNA associates with Far Upstream Element Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1) to promote lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1822.
Simian Virus 40

Simian virus 40 (SV40) was discovered as a contaminant of early poliovaccines that were administered to millions of recipients. It belongs to the type species (Simian virus 40) of the family Polyomaviridae, and has oncogenic capabilities. The properties of the virions (icosahedral, 45 nm in diameter), the viral genome (about 5000 bp in size), and the viral proteins (numbering seven) are described. The multifunctional large T-antigen, which is both an essential replication protein and the viral oncoprotein, is detailed. The early and late phases of the viral replication cycle are presented, including the forced entry of cells into S-phase by the virus. A listing of the origin of different SV40 strains is provided. SV40 has been an invaluable tool for studies of eukaryotic cell processes and a model for viral carcinogenesis.
Impact of the Southern Oscillation Index, Temperature, and Precipitation on Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in Florida.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), an Alphavirus from family Togaviridae, is a highly pathogenic arbovirus affecting the eastern United States, especially Florida. Effects of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), precipitation, and cooling degree days on EEEV horse case data in Florida from 2004 to 2018 were modeled using distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs). The analysis was conducted at statewide and regional scales. DLNMs were used to model potential delayed effects of the covariates on monthly counts of horse cases. Both models confirmed a seasonal trend in EEEV transmission and found that precipitation, cooling degree days, and the SOI were all predictors of monthly numbers of horse cases. EEEV activity in horses was associated with higher amounts of rainfall during the month of transmission at the statewide scale, as well as the prior 3 mo at the regional scale, fewer cooling degree days during the month of transmission and the preceding 3 mo and high SOI values during the month and the previous 2 mo, and SOI values in the prior 2 to 8 mo. Horse cases were lower during El Nino winters but higher during the following summer, while La Nina winters were associated with higher numbers of cases and fewer during the following summer. At the regional scale, extremely low levels of precipitation were associated with a suppression of EEEV cases for 3 mo. Given the periodicity and potential predictability of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, precipitation, and temperature, these results may provide a method for predicting EEEV risk potential in Florida.
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and nephrology in children

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) characterizes with obvious indication of urinary epithelial injury.It is induced significantly and secreted predominantly by the injured epithelial cells of the kidney.Recent published reports have described additional utility of uNGAL in various pathologic conditions within the pediatric urinary tract, including urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, renal scarring, and obstructive uropathy.And it was recommended as a good biomarker for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of acute pyelonephritis in children.Furthermore, uNGAL is one of the earliest and most indicative biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Recent studies suggested that uNGAL excretion could be helpful in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment and progressing of various renal diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome, diabetes nephropathy, immunoglobulin A(IgA) vasculitis nephritis, lupus nephritis, et al.Additionally, the ability to assay the marker noninvasively in urine represents a significant advantage over current methods, especially for the pediatric population.These improvements will increase the clinical utility of uNGAL and may lead to more effective and personalized treatments for children with uropoietic system diseases.The role of uNGAL in the diagnosis and treatment of children′s kidney disease is systematically described in this article, so as to provide a reference for clinicians in their daily work. Key words: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Nephrology; Child