cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cell growth and HPV genes by exogenous estrogen in cervical cancer cells

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known as the major cause of the development of cervical cancer. The E6 and E7 proteins of oncogenic HPV can play critical roles in immortalization and malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. From the previous epidemiologic data, it has been determined that long-term use of oral contraceptives may be a risk factor for cervical cancer. Investigation of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and the gene expression of HPV would help to explain the role of estrogen in the HPV-associated pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In this study, cervical cancer cells (HeLa, CaSki, and C33A) were cultured in vitro in the presence of 17beta-estradiol or tamoxifen to observe their regulatory growth effect and HPV E6/E7 gene expression. The estrogenic effect on the promoter activity of HPV URR was further confirmed by transient transfection assay, which was conducted in C33A cells using the HPV-18 URR-CAT reporter plasmid. The supplemental effect of estrogen receptors on URR promoter activity was also evaluated. The proliferation of HeLa and CaSki cells was stimulated by estradiol at physiologic concentration levels (</=1 x 10-6 M). At a low concentration (0.1 x 10-6 M), tamoxifen also stimulated the proliferation of HeLa and CaSki cells. In contrast to HPV-positive cervical cells, the proliferation of C33A was not influenced by exogenous estradiol or tamoxifen, indicating that HPV might play a role in the hormonal stimulation of cell growth. Interestingly, the proliferation of HeLa was markedly suppressed at high concentrations of estradiol and tamoxifen (5 and 10 x 10-6 M). The levels of HPV-18 E6 and E7 mRNA were significantly increased by estradiol at a concentration of 0.5 x 10-6 M. Transient transfection experiments using the HPV URR-CAT reporter plasmid in C33A cells indicated that the expression of HPV E6/E7 genes was increased by the treatment of estradiol and tamoxifen. Co-transfection of estrogen receptors (ER) and URR-CAT leads to a fourfold increase in CAT activity by estradiol or tamoxifen at physiologic concentrations. When estradiol or tamoxifen was administered at high concentrations (5 x 10-6 M), a DNA ladder, typically indicative of apoptosis, was observed in HeLa cells. In conclusion, estradiol stimulated the growth of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells, as did tamoxifen at low concentrations (0.1 x 10-6 M). The growth stimulation of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells by estrogen appeared to be related to the increased expression of HPV E6/E7. Growth suppression observed at high concentrations of estradiol and tamoxifen in HeLa cells might be a result of apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggested that exogenous estradiol might be a risk factor in HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic fiber coatings by DC‐biased AC‐electrospinning

Mesh-like fiber mats of polystyrene (PS) were deposited using DC-biased AC-electrospinning. Superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles greater than 150° and gas fraction values of up to 97% were obtained. Rheological study was conducted on these fiber surfaces and showed a decrease in shear stress when compared with a noncoated surface (no slip), making them excellent candidates for applications requiring the reduction of skin-friction drag in submerged surfaces. We have also shown that addition of a second, low-surface energy polymer to a solution of PS can be used to control the fiber internal porosity depending on the concentration of the second polymer. Contact-angle measurements on mats consisting of porous and nonporous fibers have been used to evaluate the role of the larger spaces between the fibers and the pores on individual fibers on superhydrophobicity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Global Justice and the Limits of Human Rights

To a great extent, recent discussion of global obligations has been couched in the language of human rights. I argue that this is a mistake. If, as many theorists have supposed, a normative theory applicable to obligations of global justice must also respect the needs of justice internal to recipient nations, any such theory cannot take human rights as an important moral notion. Human rights are inapplicable for the domestic justice of poor nations, and thus cannot form a plausible basis for international justice. Instead, I propose an alternative basis, a form of welfarist maximizing consequentialism. My alternative is superior to rights-based theories in dealing with the special problems of justice found in poor nations.
End-Product Regulation and Kinetic Mechanism of Guanosine-Inosine Kinase from Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli guanosine-inosine kinase was overproduced, purified, and characterized. The native and subunit molecular weights were 85,000 and 45,000, respectively, indicating that the enzyme was a dimer. A pI of 6.0 was obtained by isoelectric focusing. In addition to ATP, it was found that deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate, UTP, and CTP could serve as phosphate donors. The phosphate acceptors were guanosine, inosine, deoxyguanosine and xanthosine, but not adenosine, cytidine, uridine, or deoxythymidine. Maximum activity was attained at an ATP/Mg2+ concentration ratio of 0.5. In the presence of pyrimidine nucleotides, enzyme activity was slightly increased, while it was markedly inhibited by GDP and GTP. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies support an ordered Bi Bi mechanism in which guanosine was the first substrate to bind and GMP was the last product to be released. Guanosine kinase may be a regulatory enzyme that has a role in modulating nucleotide levels.
Effect of pH on Fungal Metabolites Used as Indicators of Quality of Foods

SUMMARY— Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor sp., Botrytis cinerea. Alternaria tenuis, and Rhizoctonia solani were used to determine the influence of pH 4.0 and 7.0 on the production of metabolites. The media were tested for acetylmethylcarbinol (AMC), ethyl alcohol, volatile acids (expressed as acetic), nonvolatile acids (expressed as lactic), and utilization of sugar. Lactic acid values were the most constant, showing the greatest promise as a single chemical indicator of the fungi tested. The quantities of AMC, ethyl alcohol, and volatile acids varied with the organisms. The influence of pH varied with the organism and the metabolite.
Thermal enhancement of cotunneling in ultra-small tunnel junctions.

We have measured the cotunneling current below the Coulomb blockade threshold in a circuit of two ultra-small metallic tunnel junctions. The thermal enhancement of cotunneling, as well as the island-charge dependence, is in excellent agreement with theory. Circuit parameters were measured enabling theoretical and experimental values for the cotunneling current to be compared without adjustable parameters. This comparison yielded agreement within the 15% uncertainty of the experiment. Data showing the cotunneling current near the threshold voltage are also presented.
A Constrained Spline Estimator of a Hazard Function.

A constrained quadratic spline is proposed as an estimator of the hazard function of a random variable. A maximum penalized likelihood procedure is used to fit the estimator to a sample of psychological response times. The results of a small simulation study suggest that, with a sample size of 500, the procedure may provide a reasonably precise estimate of the shape of a hazard function.
Description and Partial Characterization of Thyroid Hormone-Specific and Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Rat Liver Nuclear Proteins

A fraction of readily elutable rat liver nuclear proteins (nuclear globulins), analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, contains two proteins which reflect the thyroid status of the animal. The larger (n-band) protein is abundant in normal rat nuclei but diminished in hypothyroidism by thyroidectomy or hypophysectomy and restored with T;t treatment. It is also diminished in starvation, during which time T;I treatment of concurrent hypothyroxinemia is ineffective in its restoration. Refeeding restores the n-band protein in starved normal rats but not in starved thyroidectomized (T3) rats. GH does not restore this protein in either T3 or hypophysectomized (Hx) rats. The dual requirements of euthyroidism and adequate nutrition imply that the n-band protein is thyroid hormone dependent but not thyroid hormone specific. The smaller of the two nuclear globulins, the t-band protein, is prominent in T3 or Hx rats and is not altered by additional hypometabolic factors (starvation) or b...
Electrochemical stimulation of plasma LH and hypothalamic norepinephrine concentrations at short- and long-term intervals after hypothalamic knife cuts.

Abstract Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in several diencephalic locations were studied in female rats in conjunction with luteinizing hormone (LH) release after medial preoptic area (MPOA) stimulation at short (7 days) and longer time intervals after surgical interruption of anterior or anterolateral neural connections of mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Concentrations of diecephalic NE were altered in two general ways after brain surgery: (1) transient early postoperative increases in some regions which appeared unrelated to the type of surgery performed; and (2) other specific decreases in NE concentration which were related to the types of surgery performed and whether a particular ascending noradrenergic pathway was interrupted. At 180 days after surgery, these two types of change in NE concentrations were no longer present. Maximum increases in plasma LH concentrations observed after electrochemical stimulation of the MPOA at either 7 or 180 days after MBH deafferentation also varied according to: (1) the postoperative interval studied; and (2) the location of pathway interruption. Interruption of anterior MBH pathways showed only a transient (7 day interval) reduction in LH release after MPOA stimulation, whereas when both lateral and anterior pathways were servered, there was a more nearly permanent (180 day interval) disruption of LH release after stimulation. The results of these studies support the contention that anterolateral MBH neural connections may constitute a dynamic neural substrate contributing to a gradual improvement in neuroendocrine function observed after early surgical disconnections.
Vehicle-generated fugitive dust transport: analytic models and field study

Abstract Vehicle-generated road dust was measured under stable atmospheric conditions at a flat site in the Utah west desert, and the horizontal flux of the dust was calculated by integration of interpolation functions that are fit to the wind speed and dust concentration measurements at discrete heights. The site contained a uniformly spaced array of 2.5 m high×2.4 m×12.2 m roughness elements (cargo containers) simulating an urban setting. The dust measurement objective was to test the hypothesis that near-source removal of vehicle-generated dust may account for part of the reported systematic discrepancy between emission inventories based on AP-42 factors and receptor-based source apportionment studies. The horizontal flux of dust decreased to less than 15% of the initial value while traveling between measurement planes 3 and 95 m from the road, indicating significant near-source removal under the stable atmosphere and high surface roughness conditions of this field experiment. The magnitude of the flux was sensitive to assumptions about dust concentration and wind speed near the ground. The estimates for the flux at 3 m, obtained by integrating alternative interpolation functions, spanned the AP-42 value. Time-averaged data for meteorology, boundary layer turbulence, and dust concentration are provided to allow using the field observations for future theoretical analysis or numerical modeling studies.
A Practice-oriented Review of Woodchip Bioreactors for Subsurface Agricultural Drainage

Woodchip or denitrification bioreactors are an innovative, engineering-based technology to reduce the amount of nitrate in agricultural drainage. Increased interest in improving water quality in areas impacted by agricultural drainage has given bioreactors a boost of publicity over the past several years. While bioreactors continue to be an area of active research and are not a silver bullet to address drainage water quality concerns, the growing number of bioreactor installations by practitioners not involved in research demonstrates a need for a practice-oriented review of important aspects of these systems. This article provides context for enhanced-denitrification treatment of agricultural drainage, discusses the design and installation of bioreactors, and presents factors affecting their nitrate removal performance. Additionally, this review offers ideas for management and monitoring of agricultural drainage bioreactors. Bioreactors are a promising technology for improving drainage water quality, but much work remains to understand and optimize their performance. With additional evaluation and improved monitoring of bioreactors, a more complete picture of the potential contribution of these systems will be developed.
To cool a sweltering earth: Does energy efficiency improvement offset the climate impacts of lifestyle?

Abstract As technical efficiency improvement in energy use remains a touchstone measure to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, there is substantial concern about whether this approach can offset the large and expanding impacts of human actions. Critics contend that without adjustments to the prevailing consumptive lifestyle, energy efficiency improvement will generate only token reductions in GHG emissions. I address this concern by examining the extent to which technical efficiency improvement in energy use offsets the impacts of housing-related lifestyle on GHG emissions. I build from two perspectives, the physical–technical–economic models that consider energy efficiency improvement as a potent strategy to curb residential energy consumption, and the lifestyle and social–behavioral approach, which questions this view. The analyses reveal consistent positive relationship between lifestyle and energy consumption. The results also indicate that energy efficiency improvement has mixed effects on energy consumption. In fact, model-based figures show that technical efficiency improvement in energy use leads to slightly higher energy consumption if it is not accompanied by adjustments to lifestyle.
Spin waves in a persistent spin-current Fermi liquid

We report two theoretical results for transverse spin waves, which arise in a system with a persistent spin current. Using Fermi liquid theory, we introduce a spin current in the ground state of a polarized or unpolarized Fermi liquid, and we derive the resultant spin waves using the Landau kinetic equation. The resulting spin waves have a q{sup 1} and q{sup 1/2} dispersion to leading order for the polarized and unpolarized systems, respectively.
The Optimal Amount of Discretion to Allow in Disclosure

In this paper a party with private information can verifiably disclose some, but not all, of his information. The optimal amount of discretion to allow the informed party is studied. That is, should the informed party be allowed unlimited discretion in choosing which elements of his information set to disclose, or should restrictions be imposed that limit this discretion? The model is formulated in the spirit of a "persuasion game." It is demonstrated that under certain circumstances, rules that limit discretion increase the informativeness of disclosures and thus improve economic decisions.
Small satellites of Uranus: Disk-integrated photometry and estimated radii

Voyager imaging data is used to study the evolution of the Uranian system, focusing on the disk-integrated properties and radii of the 10 small satellites orbiting Uranus interior to Miranda (Smith et al., 1986). Reflectances are derived for the two objects that are spatially resolved by the Voyager observations. The relative sizes of the satellites are estimated on the basis of relative apparent brightness (disk-integrated flux). The results are discussed in the context of the origin of these satellites and their relationship to the material forming the rings of Uranus.
Well-posedness and stability of a hinged plate equation with a localized nonlinear structural damping

Abstract We consider an N -dimensional plate equation in a bounded domain with a locally distributed nonlinear dissipation involving the Laplacian. The dissipation is effective in a neighborhood of a suitable portion of the boundary. When the space dimension equals two, the associated linear equation corresponds to the plate equation with a localized viscoelastic (or structural) damping. First we prove existence, uniqueness, and smoothness results. Then, using an appropriate perturbed energy coupled with multiplier technique, we directly prove exponential and polynomial decay estimates for the underlying energy. To the author’s best knowledge, the perturbed energy approach is new in the framework of stabilization of second order evolution equations with locally distributed damping.
Preferential Control of Basal Dendritic Protrusions by EphB2

The flow of information between neurons in many neural circuits is controlled by a highly specialized site of cell-cell contact known as a synapse. A number of molecules have been identified that are involved in central nervous system synapse development, but knowledge is limited regarding whether these cues direct organization of specific synapse types or on particular regions of individual neurons. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and the majority of glutamatergic synapses occur on mushroom-shaped protrusions called dendritic spines. Changes in the morphology of these structures are associated with long-lasting modulation of synaptic strength thought to underlie learning and memory, and can be abnormal in neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we use rat cortical slice cultures to examine how a previously-described synaptogenic molecule, the EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates dendritic protrusion morphology in specific regions of the dendritic arbor in cortical pyramidal neurons. We find that alterations in EphB2 signaling can bidirectionally control protrusion length, and knockdown of EphB2 expression levels reduces the number of dendritic spines and filopodia. Expression of wild-type or dominant negative EphB2 reveals that EphB2 preferentially regulates dendritic protrusion structure in basal dendrites. Our findings suggest that EphB2 may act to specify synapse formation in a particular subcellular region of cortical pyramidal neurons.
Downslope movement of material on Deimos

Viking Orbiter images have shown downslope movement of loose material to be an important surface process on Deimos. Loose surface material moves downslope from prominent ridges and accumulates in topographic lows. In some areas, up to 10 m of surface material have been removed; in others, craters up to 200 m in diameter have been filled completely by material moving downslope. Brighter material associated with, and probably derived from crater rims, also moves downslope and forms tapered streamers up to 3 km in length which appear as prominent features on the satellite. The mechanism for downslope movement is uncertain, but thermal creep, micrometeroroid bombardment and impact-related seismic shaking may be involved. Certain craters show conspicuous infilling even though their prominent rims should prevent material moving downslope from reaching their interiors. Such fill must have been emplaced ballistically - the amounts of sediment suggest that over half of all ejecta produced on Deimos are retained on the satellite. Phobos appears to retain little ejecta and shows little evidence of downslope movement of debris.
A charged particle telescope—a proposal

We propose the construction of a telescope, which uses charged particles (CPs) instead of light in order to study the dynamics of the astronomical objects. We have indicated the obvious incentives for such a project. Using CPs instead of electromagnetic radiation, astronomers would finally have the necessary tools to study the evolution of the astronomical objects. We demonstrate that there are no insurmountable obstacles for building such a CP telescope.
Do early academic achievement and behavior problems predict long-term effects among Head Start children?

Abstract This study examines the effects of Head Start children's early achievement and behavioral scores on their long-term developmental outcomes. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data, a sample of 603 children was selected who had participated in Head Start from 1988 to 1994 and had longitudinal outcomes measured. Head Start children's reading, math, and behavioral scores, as measured at ages 5–6, were examined to determine whether these early scores affected outcomes measured at ages 11–12. Not surprisingly, there was a strong relationship between children's early and later educational and behavioral scores. Maternal education moderated these associations for reading and on behavioral outcomes. Associations between short-term and longer-term achievement and behavioral outcomes were less significant for children whose mothers had less education than for children whose mothers had more education. As expected, children's reading, math, and behavioral outcomes at ages 5–6 were inter-correlated, as were those measured at ages 11–12.
KINETIC AND ELECTROPHORETIC EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE FORMS OF GLUCOSE-ATP PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY FROM HUMAN CELL CULTURES AND RAT LIVER.

Abstract Recent studies have shown the presence of multiple forms of glucose-ATP phosphotransferase (hexokinase) activity in mammalian tissues (reviewed by Sols et al., 1964, and Sharma et al., 1964). In the present study, kinetic and electrophoretic evidence has been obtained for 2 forms of this activity from human cell cultures, in comparison to 4 distinct electrophoretic forms from rat liver. Furthermore, in addition to the change in activity of the high Km “glucokinase” in rat liver resulting from nutritional variations, change in activity of at least one of the other molecular forms of hexokinase was noted as well.
High resolution, quasi-equilibrium sorption studies of molecular sieves

Argon, nitrogen, and neopentane adsorption isotherms from molecular sieves are recorded at 87 K, 77 K, and 273 K, respectively, by a quasi-equilibrium, high resolution gas sorption technique. The molecular sieves used in this study are alkali exchanged zeolite X, AlPO4-11, AlPO4-5, VPI-5, KL, CaA, ZSM-5, and ZSM-11. Little relation is observed between the transition pressure for microporous nitrogen adsorption and pore size. Small changes in the effective pore size resulting from variations in cation size are detected in the transition pressure for argon adsorption. Large shifts in the transition pressure for argon adsorption are found for the 10-, 12-, and 18-membered ring pores of AlPO4-11, AlPO4-5, and VPI-5, respectively. Argon adsorption combined with neopentane adsorption on microporous materials provides additional information regarding transitions in the isotherm that result from dual pore systems and effects that may be due to adsorbate packing. The step in the nitrogen isotherm atP/P0> 0.1 from ZSM-5 is not observed in the nitrogen isotherm from ZSM-11.
Limited internal friction in the rate-limiting step of a two-state protein folding reaction

Small, single-domain proteins typically fold via a compact transition-state ensemble in a process well fitted by a simple, two-state model. To characterize the rate-limiting conformational changes that underlie two-state folding, we have investigated experimentally the effects of changing solvent viscosity on the refolding of the IgG binding domain of protein L. In conjunction with numerical simulations, our results indicate that the rate-limiting conformational changes of the folding of this domain are strongly coupled to solvent viscosity and lack any significant “internal friction” arising from intrachain collisions. When compared with the previously determined solvent viscosity dependencies of other, more restricted conformational changes, our results suggest that the rate-limiting folding transition involves conformational fluctuations that displace considerable amounts of solvent. Reconciling evidence that the folding transition state ensemble is comprised of highly collapsed species with these and similar, previously reported results should provide a significant constraint for theoretical models of the folding process.
BCR-ABL1-induced leukemogenesis and autophagic targeting by arsenic trioxide

We have recently shown that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a potent inducer of autophagic degradation of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein, which is the cause of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoid leukemia (Ph+ ALL). Our recently published work has shown that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy or molecularly targeting of elements of the autophagic machinery partially reverses the suppressive effects of As2O3 on primitive leukemic precursors from CML patients. Altogether, our studies have provided direct evidence that arsenic-induced, autophagy-mediated, degradation of BCR-ABL1 is an important mechanism for the generation of the effects of As2O3 on BCR-ABL1 transformed leukemic progenitors. These studies raise the potential of future clinical-translational efforts employing combinations of arsenic trioxide with autophagy-modulating agents to promote elimination of early leukemic progenitors and, possibly, leukemia-initiating stem cells.
Position-Based Greedy Stateless Routing for Multihop WPANs Based on a Realistic OFDM UWB Physical Layer

Almost all of the existing routing protocols are designed based on a simplistic and idealistic physical layer model, and with minimum hop count as the metric for route selection. Without modification, they cannot work well with a realistic physical layer. A position-based stateless routing protocol with greedy forwarding is proposed for multihop WPANs based on a realistic OFDM UWB physical layer. The transmission radius R is closely related to the link quality, and is defined by PER achievable. The optimum value of R is selected to be the distance to achieve a PER between 1% and 5% by trading off the throughput and PFR. The simulation results show that this position-based greedy routing scheme with carefully selected transmission radius R works well for multihop WPANs based on OFDM UWB physical layer. When on-demand routing protocols are considered, we believe that the link quality related metrics would work better than hop count metric
Coupled surge-heave motions of a moored system. II Stochastic analysis and simulations

Analyses and simulations of the coupled surge-and-heave motions of a nonlinear, moored, experimental, submerged structure subjected to random waves are presented here. The random wave excitations examined include periodic waves with additive noise and narrow-band random waves. Characteristic experimental results include noisy subharmonic and superharmonic responses, and transition behaviors among multiple coexisting responses. This investigation applies a systematic, stochastic analysis procedure to further the deterministic study presented in Part I. Good agreement between the analytical predictions and experimental results is shown. Effects of random perturbations in waves on nonlinear response phenomena are examined, especially for the cases of multiple responses coexisting with chaos. It is found that chaotic responses are sensitive and of weak strength compared to other coexisting responses, and the system response trajectories mainly stay in the stronger, periodic attracting domains. Numerical results indicate perturbation-induced response transitions leading to very large-amplitude response beyond the experimental model limitations.
All-optical continuously tunable delay of single photons

We report the first demonstration of all-optical continuously tunable delay imparted on single photons using a frequency conversion-dispersion technique. Delays tunable over 23 times the photon duration are demonstrated with on/off efficiency of 20-55%.
On the Main Flow Pattern in Hydrocyclones

A theoretical model is developed for the prediction of the main flow pattern in hydrocyclones. The model regards the main body of the cyclone as inviscid and includes provisions for the fluid underflow in cyclones. The governing equations are solved analytically in closed form. To verify the results, a laboratory-scale conically-shaped hydrocyclone was designed, built, and tested. Experimental measurements for axial and tangential velocities are presented with a series of test solely devoted to the effect of underflow. The theoretical and experimental results are shown to be in good agreement. It is concluded that such an inviscid model gives an adequate representation of the main flow field in a cyclone.
Mental health in pediatric settings: distribution of disorders and factors related to service use.

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine child psychiatric disorders in pediatric settings and identify factors associated with parents' use of pediatricians as resources concerning emotional/behavioral issues and use of mental health services. Method The sample consists of 5- to 9-year-olds (mean = 7.17 years, SD=1.41) from a representative sample ( N = 1,060) of pediatric practices. Parent interviews included assessments of psychiatric disorders with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-R), parental depression/anxiety, possible child abuse, stress, support, and the use of mental health services. Results The prevalence of any DISC disorder was 16.8%. Parental depression/anxiety and possible child abuse were associated independently with 2- to 3-times higher rates of disorder. Many parents (55%) who reported any disorder did not report discussing behavioral/emotional concerns with their pediatrician. Factors associated with discussing behavioral/emotional issues were the presence of any disorder and financial stress. Factors related to seeing a mental health professional were discussing behavioral/emotional issues with the pediatrician, single parenthood, and stressful life events. Conclusions The prevalence rates of disorders in this setting suggest that pediatricians are well-placed to identify and refer children with psychiatric disorders. However, most parents do not discuss behavioral/emotional issues with their pediatrician. Methods for improving rates of identification and referral (e.g., routine screening) are considered.
Raising healthy children through enhancing social development in elementary school: Results after 1.5 years

This study examined results of a comprehensive, multifaceted longitudinal school-based prevention program called Raising Healthy Children (RHC). RHC focuses on enhancing protective factors with the goal of promoting positive youth development, reducing identified risk factors, and preventing adolescent problem behaviors. Participants included 938 elementary students from first or second grade who were enrolled in 10 area schools in the Pacific Northwest and randomly divided into two groups, those receiving RHC and peer controls. Analyses were conducted 18 months after implementation and focused on academic and behavioral improvements within the school environment. Results using hierarchical linear modeling showed that RHC students, compared to their peers who did not receive the intervention, had significantly higher teacher-reported academic performance (t ratio=2.27, p<.001) and a stronger commitment to school (t ratio=2.16, p<.03). Similarly, teachers reported that RHC students showed a significant decrease in antisocial behaviors (t ratio=−2.43, p<.02) and increased social competency (t ratio=2.96, p<.01) compared to control peers. Regression results from parent-reported outcomes also showed that RHC students had higher academic performance, β=.082, t=2.72, p<.01 and a stronger commitment to school, β=.080, t=2.45, p<.02. Results from this study and their implications for early and long-term prevention are discussed.
Jet-cooled electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of crown ethers: benzo-15-crown-5 ether and 4'-amino-benzo-15-crown-5 ether.

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), ultraviolet hole-burning (UVHB), and resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR) spectroscopies were carried out on isolated benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C) and 4′-amino-benzo-15-crown-5 ether (ABC) cooled in a supersonic expansion. Three conformational isomers of B15C and four of ABC were observed and spectroscopically characterized. Full optimizations and harmonic frequency calculations were undertaken for the full set of almost 1700 conformational minima identified in a molecular mechanics force field search. When compared with TDDFT predictions, the S0−S1 origin positions serve as a useful diagnostic of the conformation of the crown ether near the phenyl ring responsible for the UV absorption and to the position of the NH2 substituent. In-plane orientations for the β carbons produce red-shifted S0−S1 origins, while out-of-plane “buckling” produces substantial blue shifts of 600 cm−1 or more. Comparison between the alkyl CH stretch spectra of B15C and ABC divide the spectra into c...
Visualization of the solid-liquid interface morphology formed by natural convection during melting of a solid from below

Abstract Experiments have been performed to obtain quantitative solid-liquid interface morphology data for melting of n-octadecane from below. Flow visualization experiments have revealed that natural convection flow was established as soon as the critical Rayleigh number was exceeded for the melt layer. For a given bottom temperature, the Benard-like, three-dimensional convection cells increased in size, merged with the neighboring ones and formed nearly two-dimensional rolls as the melting progressed. The mean diameter increased and the number of cells per unit projected area decreased with the melting time. The effect of initial subcooling of the solid was only to delay the development of the solid-liquid interface morphology.
Radiofrequency percutaneous upper-thoracic sympathectomy: technique and review of indications

WE performed 15 upper-thoracic sympathectomies, 4 of which were bilateral, by percutaneous radiofrequency destruction of the appropriate sympathetic ganglia.1 Good to excellent results were achieve...
An investigation of the effects of the molecular weight distribution on the sensitivity of positive electron resists

The molecular weight distribution of two grades of poly(methyl methacrylate) was determined, and the solubility of that polymer in methyl ethyl ketone–2-propanol mixtures was studied. The effects of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer and the strength of the developing solvent on electron resist sensitivity were studied experimentally and compared with a computer model of the electron exposure process. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution were found to have a significant effect on the sensitivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) as an electron resist. Increased sensitivity is predicted for higher molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution.
The Hall Technique may be an Effective Treatment Modality for Caries in Primary Molars

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Sealing caries in primary molars: randomized control trial, 5-year results. Innes N, Evans D, Stirrups D. J Dent Res 2011;90:1405-10. Epub 2011 Sep 15. Reviewers Margherita Fontana, DDS, PhD, Barbara F. Gooch, DMD, MPH, Michele L. Junger, DDS, MPH The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Purpose/Question Among a population at risk for dental caries, what percentage of restorations failed within 5 years after placement by sealing caries in primary molars (the Hall technique) compared with conventional restorative methods used by general dental practitioners in Scotland? Source of Funding 3M/ESPE and EastRen with additional support through a research training grant by the Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Executive Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Effects of medium composition and culture duration on in vitro morphogenesis of sweet potato

In vitro morphogenesis of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) shoot explants after cultures in callus initiation medium (CIM) with two sucrose contents and plant regeneration medium (PRM) with three growth regulator combinations for different durations was studied. After 4 weeks, explants on 5 % sucrose CIM had significantly more shoots but similar or lower root fresh mass and callus fresh mass than those on 3 % sucrose CIM subsequent to transfer for 6 weeks on all three PRM. Cultures transferred to growth regulator-free PRM after 4 and 12 weeks on 5 % sucrose CIM formed plants through organogenesis and embryogenesis, respectively. Embryogenic cultures from 4 weeks on CIM + 10 weeks on callus proliferation medium when transferred to PRM without growth regulator for 4 and 8 weeks produced multiple embryos in the prior and both embryos and shoot buds in the later.
Quality assurance review of a rheumatoid arthritis education program

Abstract Quality assurance seeks to measure the degree of compliance to set standards. To determine compliance to a treatment plan of rest, prescribed joint exercise, and medication; 31 rheumatoid arthritis patients were telephoned 3 months after attending a rheumatoid arthritis education program. On follow-up, more than half of the patients reported being compliant. Those that were noncompliant listed reasons related to the affective learning domain rather than lack of cognitive learning.
AGU Mass Media Fellow Discovers “Wow” Factor

I clearly remember the first time I realized that something was amiss with my perception of science. It was the summer of 2001. I was a second-year graduate student studying hydrothermal chemistry at the University of Washington, in Seattle. At the moment of my realization, I was in New York exploring an exhibit about hydrothermal vents at the American Museum of Natural History. As I was inspecting an intricate diorama of a remotely operated vehicle diving on a vent field, my younger brother, fascinated by the setup, asked, “How come when you talk about this stuff, it always sounds so complicated and boring?” I didn't have a good answer.
Hybrid Answer Set Programming

Abstract This paper discusses an extension of Answer Set Programming (ASP) called Hybrid Answer Set Programming (H-ASP) which allows the user to reason about dynamical systems that exhibit both discrete and continuous aspects. The unique feature of Hybrid ASP is that it allows the use of ASP type rules as controls for when to apply algorithms to advance the system to the next position. That is, if the prerequisites of a rule are satisfied and the constraints of the rule are not violated, then the algorithm associated with the rule is invoked.
Interferon-γ-inducible genes in primary glial cells of the central nervous system: comparisons of astrocytes with microglia and Lewis with Brown Norway rats

Abstract We compared the expression of various interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-inducible mRNAs in primary rat astrocytes and microglia. Of 11 different mRNAs inducible by IFN-γ in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, only eight were induced in both types of glia, which included mRNAs encoding the transcriptional factors, IRF-1, LRF-1 and ZIF-268; members of the chemokine family, crg-2/IP-10 and MIG; β2-microglobulin and metallothionein-II. The patterns of induction of the mRNAs were more similar between astrocytes and microglia than with RAW 264.7 cells. Comparison of astrocytes from Lewis and Brown Norway rats showed no major differences in the levels of the crg mRNAs or in the amount of Crg-2 protein induced by IFN-γ.
Exploring Goodness‐of‐Fit and Spatial Correlation Using Components of Tango's Index of Spatial Clustering

The ability to detect anomalies such as spatial clustering in data sets plays an important role in spatial data analysis, leading to interest in test statistics identifying patterns exhibiting significant levels of clustering. Toward this end, Tango (1995) proposed a statistic (and its associated distribution under a null hypothesis of no clustering) assessing overall patterns of spatial clustering in a set of observed regional counts. Rogerson (1999) observed that Tango's index may be decomposed into the summation of two distinct statistics, the first mirroring standard tests of goodness-of-fit (GOF), and the second an index of spatial association (SA) similar to Moran's I. In this article, we investigate the effectiveness of Rogerson's expression of Tango's statistic in separating GOF from SA in data sets containing clusters. We simulate data under the null hypothesis of no clustering as well as two alternative hypotheses. The first alternative hypothesis induces a poor fit from the null hypothesis while maintaining independent observations and the second alternative hypothesis induces spatial dependence while maintaining fit. Using Rogerson's decomposition and leukemia incidence data from upstate New York, we show graphically that one is unable to statistically distinguish poor fit from autocorrelation.
Design Of High-Numerical-Aperture Holographic Gratings For Integrated Optics Readout Heads

Focusing grating couplers can be constructed using holographic techniques. As a result of wavelength scaling between the construction of the focusing grating coupler and its final end-use operation, aberrations exist in the final spot. A design is demonstrated, using geometrical optics and a commercially available ray-trace code, that uses conventional optics to correct the aberrations of a holographic optical element resulting from the wavelength scaling.
Influence of Droplet Charge on the Chemical Stability of Citral in Oil-in-Water Emulsions

: The chemical stability of citral, a flavor component widely used in beverage, food, and fragrance products, in oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by surfactants with different charge characteristics was investigated. Emulsions were prepared using cationic (lauryl alginate, LAE), non-ionic (polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, Brij 35), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) surfactants at pH 3.5. The citral concentration decreased over time in all the emulsions, but the rate of decrease depended on surfactant type. After 7 d storage, the citral concentrations remaining in the emulsions were around 60% for LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions and 10% for SDS-stabilized emulsions. An increase in the local proton (H+) concentration around negatively charged droplet surfaces may account for the more rapid citral degradation observed in SDS-stabilized emulsions. A strong metal ion chelator (EDTA), which has previously been shown to be effective at increasing the oxidative stability of labile components, had no effect on citral stability in LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions, but it slightly decreased the initial rate of citral degradation in SDS-stabilized emulsions. These results suggest the surfactant type used to prepare emulsions should be controlled to improve the chemical stability of citral in emulsion systems.
Real-time tracking of image regions with changes in geometry and illumination

Historically, SSD or correlation-based visual tracking algorithms have been sensitive to changes in illumination and shading across the target region. This paper describes methods for implementing SSD tracking that is both insensitive to illumination variations and computationally efficient. We first describe a vector-space formulation of the tracking problem, showing how to recover geometric deformations. We then show that the same vector space formulation can be used to account for changes in illumination. We combine geometry and illumination into an algorithm that tracks large image regions on live video sequences using no more computation than would be required to trade with no accommodation for illumination changes. We present experimental results which compare the performance of SSD tracking with and without illumination compensation.
How the plasma bullet stops propagating

Summary form only given. The plumes generated by low temperature plasma jets were found to consist of plasma packets/bullets traveling at high velocity. For the case of pulsed devices and when helium is used as the operating gas, two main factors influence the plasma bullet lifetime and therefore the length of the plume. These factors are the helium mole fraction in the gas channel and the width of the applied voltage pulse. It is found that, in general, the helium mole fraction should be more than a critical limit to sustain the plasma bullet propagation. However, the width of the applied high voltage pulse also plays a crucial role. For long pulses (greater than 700 ns) it is the diffusion of oxygen into the helium channel that extinguishes the bullet. But for pulse widths less than 700 ns, the plasma bullet stops propagating after the secondary discharge ignition, which occurs at the end of the voltage pulse. The secondary discharge is ignited due to the presence of charges accumulated on the dielectric-covered electrodes. The plasma thus created provides electrons that get accelerated by the field towards the bullet. These electrons cancel out the effect of the positive charges present on the bullet head, which is to attract electrons ahead of the bullet (created by photoionization) causing avalanche and in this way sustaining the bullet propagation. So, in effect, for short pulses, the ignition of a secondary discharge brings about the interruption of the events that are responsible for the bullet propagation. In this paper, experimental evidence supporting the mechanisms explained above will be presented.
SOME TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS AND MINERALS OF METEORITES

This paper consists of two parts. In part “I. Terrestrial Relations,” the first three pages of Chapter 14 of Farrington's Meteorites are quoted and discussed, and four conclusions concerning the occurrence of minerals in meteorites are reached. In part “II. Minerals,” two additional secondary accessory or Class III meteoritic minerals are recognized and tabulated — the carbonate calcite and the sulfide millerite. The following three minerals also are commented on: chlorite, which is almost certainly not a true meteoritic mineral; pentlandite, which may eventually be discovered in meteorites; and “peckhamite,” which is doubtless nothing other than an intimate mixture of bronzite or hypersthene and olivine. Three types of minerals found in meteorites — cosmic, terrestrialized, and extraneous — are defined and considered.