cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curve Number Approach to Estimate Monthly and Annual Direct Runoff

AbstractThis paper establishes a novel approach to estimate monthly and annual direct runoff by combining the curve number method of the Natural Resources Conservation Service with an exponential d...
Age-Related Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Tau for Identifying Acute Intracranial Trauma on Computed Tomography: A TRACK-TBI Study

Plasma tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are promising biomarkers for identifying traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with intracranial trauma on computed tomography (CT). Accuracy in older adults with mild TBI (mTBI), the fastest growing TBI population, is unknown. Our aim was to assess for age-related differences in diagnostic accuracy of plasma tau and GFAP for identifying intracranial trauma on CT. Samples from 169 patients (age <40 years [n = 79], age 40-59 years [n = 60], age 60 years+ [n = 30]), a subset of patients from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) Pilot study who presented with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15), received head CT, and consented to blood draw within 24 h of injury, were assayed for hyperphosphorylated-tau (P-tau), total-tau (T-tau; both via amplification-linked enhanced immunoassay using multi-arrayed fiberoptics), and GFAP (via sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). P-tau, T-tau, P-tau:T-tau ratio, and GFAP concentration were significantly associated with CT findings. Overall, discriminative ability declined with increasing age for all assays, but this decline was only statistically significant for GFAP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: old 0.73 [reference group; ref] vs. young 0.93 [p = 0.037] or middle-aged 0.92 [p = 0.0497]). P-tau concentration consistently showed the highest diagnostic accuracy across all age-groups (AUC: old 0.84 [ref] vs. young 0.95 [p = 0.274] or middle-aged 0.93 [p = 0.367]). Comparison of models including P-tau alone versus P-tau plus GFAP revealed significant added value of GFAP. In conclusion, the GFAP assay was less accurate for identifying intracranial trauma on CT among older versus younger mTBI patients. Mechanisms of this age-related difference, including role of assay methodology, specific TBI neuroanatomy, pre-existing conditions, and anti-thrombotic use, warrant further study.
Self-Awareness and the Anatomy of the Subjective Self

Activity at the three levels of the consciousness system as described in the last chapter—the RAS, the general awareness system, and the self-awareness system—is reflected in three behavioral levels of consciousness: alertness (RAS), general awareness (thalamic-basal gangliar complex), and focused self-awareness (the cortical component of the self-awareness system). Operationally, each level depends upon the integrity of the level below it so that a lesion at a lower level will obliterate the functional reactivity at any level above it. Lesions in the locus coeruleus or the RAS result in total behavioral inertness, those in the thalamic-basal gangliar nucleus produce an awake state without any evidence of awareness (akinetic mutism), while those in the posterior parietal lobe complex (the cortical component) result in an unfocused state of general awareness.
Classical and Operant Conditioning

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a way of classifying classical conditioning experiments into four subclasses. The four subclasses involve successively less motivation from extrinsic sources and more dependence upon the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) alone. A tridimensional classification of operant or instrumental experiments is outlined that depends upon cues, nature of the reinforcement, and nature of the response demanded of the subject. The two sets of subclassifications are necessarily operational and incompletely operational at that rather than functional. The chapter explains some of the further operations and functional relations that set limits to the operational classification. It discusses the human classical and operant conditioning, both the simple forms and more complex varieties that parallel in some regard the basic varieties of human learning that form the subject matter of this symposium. When rewards or punishments are used in experiments a complicated mixture of classical and instrumental conditioning takes place.
Using Micromodels in EFT Analysis

This paper focuses on a triad: individuals, nonfinancial firms, and financial institutions, each of which is important in the analysis of EFT systems. Any successful implementation of EFT must consider the perspectives and motivations of each of these three groups when they undertake financial transactions. Cohn(1) correctly points out that an appropriate analysis of this triad will require a multidisciplinary set of skills including economics, marketing, the law, technological innovation, computer science, and operations research.
Photospheric Variability in EUVE Observations of β Canis Majoris (B1 II-III)

The only pulsating early-type star observed by EUVE, the β Cephei variable β CMa, displays periodic variability in its Lyman continuum which is basically consistent with the long-known optical and UV variability. The amplitude of the primary pulsation component is significantly larger in the EUV than in the optical or UV. This is consistent with a temperature change being the explanation for the variability. It is notable that the pulsations have been detected in the Lyman continuum because this part of the spectrum is formed in a much higher layer of the photosphere than either the UV or optical continua.
Normal Coagulation and Hemostasis

Coagulation is the process by which a blood clot is formed in order to stop bleeding. It involves two main pathways – extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The extrinsic pathway is initiated by tissue factor produced as a result of damaged blood vessels. The intrinsic pathway is initiated by contact activation. In this article, we discuss the clotting factors that make up both pathways and the central role of thrombin in coagulation. The formation of the fibrin blood clot is illustrated in a diagram. We also discuss negative regulators, which inhibit the clotting factors and briefly, the process by which the blood clot is broken down that is called fibrinolysis. Lastly, there is a discussion of the various tests used clinically to assess the function of the clotting factors.
Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich Syndrome: Case report of a newborn presenting with interlabial cyst:

A newborn with Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich Syndrome presented with interlabial cyst. The cyst was punctured and instilled with contrast medium for cystography to demonstrate the anatomy. Simple resect...
Precocious subcutaneous abdominal stem cell development to adipocytes in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective To examine whether abnormal subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cell (ASC) development to adipocytes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) correlates with hyperandrogenism. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Eight normal-weight women with PCOS and eight normoandrogenic ovulatory (control) women matched for age and body mass index. Intervention(s) Circulating hormone and metabolic measurements, intravenous glucose tolerance testing, total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and SC abdominal fat biopsy. Main Outcome Measure(s) In vitro ASC commitment to preadipocytes (ZFP423 protein expression, day 0.5), preadipocyte differentiation to adipocytes (PPARγ gene expression, day 3) and adipocyte lipid content (Oil-Red-O fluorescence, day 12) comparisons correlated with clinical outcomes. Result(s) In women with PCOS, SC abdominal ASCs compared with those of control women showed exaggerated commitment to preadipocytes and had greater lipid content in newly formed adipocytes after in vitro maturation. In all women combined, ZFP423 protein expression negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels whereas the lipid content of newly formed adipocytes positively correlated with both PPARγ gene expression and serum free testosterone levels. Conclusion(s) In normal-weight women with PCOS compared with the control group, exaggerated SC abdominal ASC commitment to preadipocytes and enhanced adipocyte lipid content during maturation in vitro negatively and positively correlate with circulating fasting glucose and androgen levels, respectively, as a possible mechanism to maintain glucose–insulin homeostasis when fat accretion is accelerated.
Ertugliflozin: A New Option in the SGLT-2 Inhibitor Market for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacological aspects of ertugliflozin and its clinical trials, which led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment ...
Trauma-Informed Care of Veterans

As participation in military service has waned since World War II, the experience of United States (US) military Veterans is less understood by the general public. Many Veterans access care in community settings, and some do not self-identify as Veterans. In order to implement trauma-informed services for this worthy population, it is important to understand military culture and the unique needs of Veterans. This chapter reviews unique era of service characteristics for current US Veterans and describes the traumatic and historical experiences of each group. A review of military sexual trauma (MST) and unique aspects of trauma-informed care for homeless and justice-involved Veterans follows. Available services in the Veterans Health Administration are discussed. Clinicians are encouraged to routinely screen for military service among their patient populations.
Intersectional linked fate and political representation

In the last several elections, there has been a substantial diversification of political candidates both at the national and state level, particularly in the Democratic Party. This includes record ...
A benchtop system to assess the feasibility of a fully independent and implantable brain-machine interface.

Objective State-of-the-art invasive brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have shown significant promise, but rely on external electronics and wired connections between the brain and these external components. This configuration presents health risks and limits practical use. These limitations can be addressed by designing a fully implantable BMI similar to existing FDA-approved implantable devices. Here, a prototype BMI system whose size and power consumption are comparable to those of fully implantable medical devices was designed and implemented, and its performance was tested at the benchtop and bedside. Approach A prototype of a fully implantable BMI system was designed and implemented as a miniaturized embedded system. This benchtop analogue was tested in its ability to acquire signals, train a decoder, perform online decoding, wirelessly control external devices, and operate independently on battery. Furthermore, performance metrics such as power consumption were benchmarked. Main results An analogue of a fully implantable BMI was fabricated with a miniaturized form factor. A patient undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation with an electrocorticogram (ECoG) grid implanted over the primary motor cortex was recruited to operate the system. Seven online runs were performed with an average binary state decoding accuracy of 87.0% (lag optimized, or 85.0% at fixed latency). The system was powered by a wirelessly rechargeable battery, consumed ∼150 mW, and operated for >60 h on a single battery cycle. Significance The BMI analogue achieved immediate and accurate decoding of ECoG signals underlying hand movements. A wirelessly rechargeable battery and other supporting functions allowed the system to function independently. In addition to the small footprint and acceptable power and heat dissipation, these results suggest that fully implantable BMI systems are feasible.
Can Ethics Be Taught? Examining the Impact of Distributed Ethical Training and Individual Characteristics on Ethical Decision Making

In this study we examine multiple antecedents of business students’ ethical decision-making. We first describe, and examine the effectiveness of, an ethical training program in which ethical reason...
Bernhard Gottlieb's impact on contemporary endodontology.

Bernhard Gottlieb, physician and dentist, was born in 1885 in Kuty, Galacia (later Czechoslovakia). He received his doctor of medicine degree from the University of Vienna and a doctorate in medical dentistry from the University of Bonn. He belonged to a group of Viennese scientists who originated periodontics, orthodontics, pedodontics, endodontics, and oral surgery. In the 1930s he began to address in the European sector, root canal treatment in teeth with a vital pulp; following his immigration to the United States, he settled in Texas, in the position of professor and head of the Department of Pathology and Research at Baylor College of Dentistry. Gottlieb wrote many scientific articles and textbooks and is responsible for the beginnings of oral histology as a distinct scientific discipline within dentistry. His initial investigations focused on the periodontium and resorptive activity identified during orthodontic treatment. However, his continued research interests, which are rarely highlighted, focused on teeth and pulps that had undergone trauma and teeth that presented with necrotic pulps. Moreover, his most important legacy may lie in his establishment of the foundation for tissue engineering within dentistry, through his research on the impact of hard tissue elements such as bone, dentin and cementum on the formation of new tissues (regeneration). As stated by Dr. Gottlieb, "This seems to be the goal for which science should strive in endodontia".
Selective actions of insecticides on desensitizing and non-desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) neurons.

BACKGROUND Insect desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChD) receptors are desensitized by low concentrations of agonists, including neonicotinoid insecticides, but are essentially insensitive to spinosyns, while non-desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChN) receptors are selectively activated by spinosyns and relatively insensitive to neonicotinoids. RESULTS The single-electrode voltage-clamp technique was used to measure the actions of newer nicotinic insecticides dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor, triflumezopyrim, spinetoram and GS-ω/k-hexatoxin-Hv1a on cockroach neuronal nAChD and nAChN currents. Like imidacloprid and clothianidin, newer orthosteric nicotinic agonist insecticides dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor act by desensitizing nAChD receptors. The mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim selectively inhibited nAChD current with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 1.2 nmol L-1 , with no activation. Unlike other Group 4 insecticides, it did not activate nAChN current, but inhibited it with an IC50 of 3.8 μmol L-1 , indicating that the compound is a true antagonist. Spinosad and the spinosyn-derived insecticide spinetoram potently and selectively activated nAChN receptors. GS-ω/k-hexatoxin-Hv1a had no effect on nAChN currents and it had a complex action on nAChD currents, inhibiting at sub-nanomolar concentrations and causing some activation and enhancement of ACh-evoked currents at 30 nmol L-1 and above. Some cells express GS-ω/k-hexatoxin-Hv1a-resistant nAChD receptors. CONCLUSIONS Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators (IRAC Group 4) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, site II (hexatoxins, IRAC Group 32) are selective for nAChD receptors, while nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, site I (spinosyns, IRAC Group 5) are selective for nAChN receptors. It is proposed that IRAC Groups 5 and 32 be re-named non-desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators and desensitizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, respectively. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Will Dodgeball Ever Die? Former K–12 Students’ Experiences and Perceptions of Playing Dodgeball in PE Class

When discussing the game of dodgeball, people usually discuss it with fond memories and excitement for the thrill that came from the game. Then there were those who strongly disliked it for reasons that it was embarrassing, hurtful, and just not fun. The game of dodgeball has been played by many students in their physical education (PE) classes, for better and for worse. The purpose of this study was to better understand the perceptions, experiences, and opinions of recently former K–12 students toward dodgeball in PE. The results of the study indicate that generally males more than females view dodgeball as appropriate and competitive.Subscribe to TPE
Change in Institutional Support for the U.S. Supreme Court: Is the Court’s Legitimacy Imperiled by the Decisions it Makes?

Political pundits and scholars alike have recently noticed that public judgments of how well the U.S. Supreme Court is doing its job have plummeted. Yet, the meaning of this drop for the larger legitimacy of the Court is not as clear as the poll data themselves. Some believe that dissatisfaction with the Court’s rulings threatens the institution’s legitimacy. Conventional Legitimacy Theory, on the other hand, posits a "reservoir of goodwill" through which the translation of dissatisfaction into lowered legitimacy is blocked. Positivity Theory, with its focus on the legitimizing role of the symbols of judicial authority, provides at least a partial explanation of how legitimacy is maintained in the face of rising disappointment in the Court’s rulings. Here, we focus specifically on the relationship between specific and diffuse support and the role judicial symbols play in undermining that connection, concluding that the Court’s legitimacy is more secure than many imagine.
Dynamic Incentives in Relational Incentive Contracts

This paper studies relational incentive contracts with persistent states in the presence of both moral hazard and information asymmetry. The optimal contracts are dynamic in which the agents are rewarded following a high output by moving to a higher continuation payoff in the next period. The stationary contracts as in Levin (2003) are no longer optimal. In a simple model, we show that when the principal is uncertain over the types of the agents, upon receiving a sequence of favorable outputs, the principal updates his belief about suppliers and give more favorable contracts to the agents. By using dynamic incentives the principal is able to eventually learn about the types of agents with time and can reach the first best. However, when cost parameters are different, the equilibrium dynamics may admit inefficient equilibria.
Heart transplant coronary artery disease detected by coronary angiography: A multiinstitutional study of preoperative donor and recipient risk factors

Background: Controversy exists regarding donor and recipient factors that promote the development and progression of coronary artery disease after heart transplantation and the likelihood of coronary artery disease causing death or retransplantation. Methods: To investigate this issue in a large cohort of patients, we analyzed 5963 postoperative angiograms performed in 2609 of the 3837 patients undergoing heart transplantation at 39 institutions between January 1990 and December 1994. Coronary artery disease was classified as mild, moderate, or severe on the basis of left main involvement, primary vessel stenoses, and branch stenoses. Coronary artery disease was considered severe if left main stenosis was > 70% or 2 or more primary vessels stenoses were > 70% or branch stenoses were > 70% in all 3 systems. Results: By the end of 5 years after heart transplantation, coronary artery disease was present in 42% of the patients, mild in 27%, moderate in 8%, and severe in 7%. Coronary artery disease-related events (death or retransplantation) had an actuarial incidence of 7% at 5 years and occurred in 2 of 3 of the patients with development of angiographically severe coronary artery disease. By multivariable logistic analysis, risk factors for donor coronary artery disease included older donor age (P <.0001) and donor hypertension (P =.0002). By multivariable analysis in the hazard function domain, risk factors identified for the earlier onset of allograft coronary artery disease included older donor age (P <.0001), donor male sex (P =.0006), donor hypertension (P =.07), recipient male sex (P =.02), and recipient black race (P =.01 ). The actuarial incidence of severe coronary artery disease was 9% at 5 years. Conclusions: Angiographic coronary artery disease is very common after heart transplantation, occurring in approximately 42% of the patients by 5 years. Older donor age, donor hypertension, and male donor or recipient predict earlier onset of angiographic allograft coronary artery disease. Although severe angiographic allograft coronary artery disease occurs in only 7% of the patients at 5 years, its presence is highly predictive of subsequent coronary artery disease-related events or retransplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:744-53.
Inclusive π− production in π+d interactions at 24 GeV/c☆

Abstract We have studied inclusive π − production from π + d interactions at 24 GeV/ c using data obtained from the Brookhaven National Laboratory 80” bubble chamber. Distributions of longitudinal momenta in the laboratory frame and the projectile frame, of x (Feynman's scaling variable), and of rapidity in the center of mass frame are presented and compared with the corresponding distributions from the reaction π + p→ π − + anything. The effect of Fermi momentum of the nucleons has been investigated and is found to be small. We conclude that single particle inclusive π − spectra from proton and from neutron targets are very different in this energy range. The two particle correlations among negative pions in the deuteron experiment have been investigated and the results are presented.
Scoping Review of the Americans with Disabilities Act: What Research Exists, and Where do we go from Here?

A broad range of research on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) tracks its progress and impact. Much of the research is inconclusive or conflicting, creating a fragmented evidence base about the ADA’s effectiveness as a social policy. In response, academic researchers and disability organizations have called for an extensive review of the existing research. To address this fragmentation, the University of Washington has begun a five year project systematically reviewing the ADA research as part of the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the University of Washington . This article reports results from year one of the project, the scoping review, that will assist in identifying a research plan to inform policy and practice. Keywords: ADA, systematic review, scoping review, policy analysis
Monitoring System Security Using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines

Information assurance is an issue of serious global concern. The complexity, accessibility, and openness of the Internet and the World Wide Web have all increased the risk of information system security. Further, vulnerability assessment indicates that future terrorist attacks may take place in the cyberspace to cause mass disruptions. Developing effective methods for preventing and detecting intrusions and misuses, therefore, will be essential for assuring the security of computer systems that are at the core of various controls in the modern society. This paper concerns intrusion detection, an important issue in defensive information warfare. We describe an intrusion detection system using neural networks, as well as using SVM (support vectors machines)—a hitherto untried approach in this field. Both methods carry out the detection of specific exploitations by comparing user activity (such as recorded in command logs) against (real and synthetic) attack patterns belonging to different categories of intrusion. The aim of our design of the intrusion detection system is to be general, adaptable, and effective. Testing results based on real-world intrusion data are also presented.
Interaction of the protein moiety of bovine serum alpha-lipoprotein with phospholipid micelles. II. Isolation and characterization of the complexes.

Abstract Complex formation between the protein moiety of bovine serum α-lipoprotein (α-protein) and micellar dispersions of phospholipids has been demonstrated directly by three methods; (1) chromatography on Sephadex G-200; (2) ultracentrifugation in salt solutions of high density; and (3) electrophoresis in starch gel. The binding of phospholipid to α-protein is of the same magnitude as that in the original α-lipoprotein. The saturating ratio of lipid to protein was found to be different for lecithin and cardiolipin, being 2.5 and 0.6 mg lipid per mg protein respectively. In the native lipoprotein the ratio is 1.7 mg total lipid per mg protein of which 0.7 mg per mg protein is phospholipid. When the lipids of α-lipoprotein are fractionated into a phospholipid and neutral lipid fraction, α-protein binds appreciably to the phospholipid and only slightly to the neutral lipids.
A multi-level analysis of the impact of neighborhood structural and social factors on adolescent substance use.

Abstract Background This paper examined the effects of neighborhood structural (i.e., economic disadvantage, immigrant concentration, residential stability) and social (e.g., collective efficacy, social network interactions, intolerance of drug use, legal cynicism) factors on the likelihood of any adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Methods Analyses drew upon information from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Data were obtained from a survey of adult residents of 79 Chicago neighborhoods, two waves of interviews with 1657 to 1664 care-givers and youth aged 8 to 16 years, and information from the 1990 U.S. Census Bureau. Hierarchical Bernoulli regression models estimated the impact of neighborhood factors on substance use controlling for individual-level demographic characteristics and psycho-social risk factors. Results Few neighborhood factors had statistically significant direct effects on adolescent tobacco, alcohol or marijuana use, although youth living in neighborhoods with greater levels of immigrant concentration were less likely to report any drinking. Conclusion Additional theorizing and more empirical research are needed to better understand the ways in which contextual influences affect adolescent substance use and delinquency.
Turning Physicians Into "Heartwood".

pplied , As trees age, the older cells at the core of the trunk lose some of their ability to conduct water. The tree allows these innermost cells to retire.. This stiffened heartwood core.continues to help structurally support the tree.. Here a tree honors its elderly cells by letting them rest but still giving them something meaningful to do. We non-trees could take a lesson from that. Spike Carlsen
Oxidized metabolites of linoleic acid mediated hepatotoxicity as a potential mechanism of dietary unsaturated fat and alcohol induced liver injury: in vivo and in vitro studies (959.20)

Introduction: Dietary fat and alcohol both play an important role in the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of linoleic acid (LA, a major unsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet), and its bioactive oxidized metabolites (OXLAMs) in alcohol-induced liver injury. Materials and Methods: In-vivo study: C57BL/6 mice were fed unsaturated (USF, corn oil enriched) fat diet containing 5% ethanol for 10 days plus a single binge ethanol administration. Liver injury and steatosis as well as 12/15 lipoxygenase and plasma OXLAM levels were evaluated. In-vitro study: HepG2 cells were exposed to LA and multiple OXLAMs. Seahorse and Cellomics analysis were performed to evaluate effects of treatments on mitochondria function, ER stress, and cell survival. Results: Significant liver injury and steatosis associated with elevated plasma OXLAM levels and hepatic 12/15 lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in OXLAM production, were observed in response to U...
Charged Particle Transport in a Collisionless Magnetized Plasma

The solar wind, undoubtedly like many other astrophysical plasmas, is essentially collisionless and the description of a plasma based on particle collisions as described in Chap. 3 is inappropriate. Instead, interplanetary plasmas and astrophysical plasmas typically possess numerous waves and fluctuations that include a fluctuating magnetic field. Many studies, beginning with the landmark observational studies of Belcher and Davis (1971) and Coleman (1968) revealed the presence of both Alfven waves and extended power-law spectra for the energy density of solar wind magnetic fluctuations. These low frequency magnetic field fluctuations can be interpreted in terms of an MHD turbulence description. The turbulence description of fluctuations in the solar wind has become increasingly refined, and today, solar wind turbulence is thought to comprise a superposition of propagating Alfvenic fluctuations (the minority component, sometimes called the slab component) and a dominant 2D component that is non-propagating. The two-dimensional component has velocity and magnetic field components and wave numbers nearly perpendicular to the background magnetic field with “zero frequency.
Chronological Sequences in Nigerian Ceramics

Ceramic sequences are useful tools for chronology and culture history in many parts of the world but are lacking in Nigeria. The few published seriations of ceramic assemblages suffer from modes of presentation that make comparison difficult. Useful seriations require quantified sherd collections recovered from stratified deposits as frameworks, presented in a way that facilitates comparison to new assemblages and preferably calibrated by chronological indicators such as radiocarbon assays or cross-datable artifacts (e.g., European imports). Ceramic collections from three areas of Nigeria meet the minimal criteria: the Kainji Reservoir, Benin, and the Lake Chad region. This paper considers the data from each region and offers ceramic seriations as models for further testing and refinement toward the development of regional culture sequences.
Overexpression of the Tn5 transposase in Escherichia coli results in filamentation, aberrant nucleoid segregation, and cell death: analysis of E. coli and transposase suppressor mutations.

Overexpression of the Tn5 transposase (Tnp) was found to be lethal to Escherichia coli. This killing was not caused by transposition or dependent on the transpositional or DNA binding competence of Tnp. Instead, it was strictly correlated with the presence of a wild-type N terminus. Deletions removing just two N-terminal amino acids of Tnp resulted in partial suppression of this effect, and deletions of Tnp removing 3 or 11 N-terminal amino acids abolished the killing effect. This cytotoxic effect of Tnp overexpression is accompanied by extensive filament formation (i.e., a defect in cell division) and aberrant nucleoid segregation. Four E. coli mutants were isolated which allow survival upon Tnp overexpression, and the mutations are located at four discrete loci. These suppressor mutations map near essential genes involved in cell division and DNA segregation. One of these mutations maps to a 4.5-kb HindIII region containing the ftsYEX (cell division) locus at 76 min. A simple proposition which accounts for all of these observations is that Tnp interacts with an essential E. coli factor affecting cell division and/or chromosome segregation and that overexpression of Tnp titrates this factor below a level required for viability of the cell. Furthermore, the N terminus of Tnp is necessary for this interaction. The possible significance of this phenomenon for the transposition process is discussed. Images
Legal Negotiation and Communication Technology: How Small Talk Can Facilitate E-mail Dealmaking

E-mail recently has become a popular mode of communication for lawyers negotiating deals and conducting settlement discussions. But the obvious conveniences of e-mail as a negotiation medium can blind users to its pitfalls. The impoverished nature of the e-mail medium can lead to misunderstandings, sinister attributions, and ultimately, negotiation impasse. How can lawyers make use of the advantages of e-mail for negotiation while overcoming its disadvantages? One solution consists of a very simple insurance measure: small talk. In the empirical demonstration described in this Article, law students each negotiated a commercial transaction with another law student at a different university using e-mail as the mode of communication. Negotiators who engaged in a brief, getting-to-know-you phone conversation built substantial rapport that resulted in positive social and economic benefits for both parties. This initial small talk by telephone made subsequent e-mail interaction proceed more smoothly because the early creation of rapport helped the negotiators approach the negotiation with a more cooperative mental model, thereby trusting in each other's good intentions. This, in turn, led to a successful negotiation that concluded with a contract, and engendered positive feelings about one another and expectations of successful dealings in the future. By contrast, negotiators who did not engage in small talk were over four times more likely to reach an impasse, and ended up feeling resentful and angry about the negotiation. The Article concludes by discussing implications and recommendations for lawyers who use e-mail to negotiate.
A new model for market-based regulation of subnational borrowing - the Mexican approach

Faced with weak sub-national finances that pose a risk to macroeconomic stability, Mexico's federal government in April 2000 established an innovative incentive framework to bring fiscal discipline to state and municipal governments. That framework is based on two pillars: an explicit renunciation of federal bail-outs, and a Basel-consistent link between the capital-risk weighting of bank loans to sub-national governments, and the borrower's credit rating. In theory, this new regulatory arrangement should reduce moral hazard among banks and their state, and municipal clients; differentiate interest rates on the basis of the borrower's creditworthiness; and, elicit a strong demand for institutional development at the sub-national level. But its access will depend on three factors critical to implementation: 1) Whether markets find the federal commitment not to bail out defaulting sub-national governments credible. 2) Whether sub-national governments have access to financing other than bank loans. 3) How well bank capital rules are enforced.
Modeling the impact of restoration efforts on phosphorus loading and transport through Everglades National Park, FL, USA

article i nfo Ecosystems of Florida Everglades are highly sensitive to phosphorus loading. Future restoration efforts, which focus on restoring Everglades water flows, may pose a threat to the health of these ecosystems. To determine the fate and transport of total phosphorus and evaluate proposed Everglades restoration, a water quality model has been developed using the hydrodynamic results from the M3ENP (Mike Marsh Model of Everglades National Park) — a physically-based hydrological numerical model which uses MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 software. Using advection-dispersion with reactive transport for the model, parameters were optimized and phosphorus loading in the overland water column was modeled with good accuracy (60%). The calibrated M3ENP-AD model was then modified to include future bridge construction and canal water level changes, which have shown to increase flows into ENP. These bridge additions increased total dissolved phosphorus (TP) load downstream in Shark Slough and decreased TP load in downstream Taylor Slough. However, there was a general decrease in TP concentration and TP mass per area over the entire model domain. The M3ENP-AD model has determined the mechanisms for TP transport and quantified the impacts of ENP restoration efforts on the spatial-temporal distribution of phosphorus transport. This tool can be used to guide future Everglades restoration decisions. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Resonance raman and UV-visible spectral studies of iodine oxidation in chloroaluminate melts

Abstract Resonance Raman spectra of iodine ( ν 1 =209 cm − ) dissolved in AlCl 3 NaCl (63-37 and 50-50 mol%) melts have been obtained. The resonance Raman spectra of I 2 − ( ν 1 = 227 cm −1 ) prepared both chemically and electrochemically have been observed in the AlCl 3 NaCl (63-37 mol%) melt. Thin layer coulometry and UV-visible spectral studies for the oxidation of iodine indicate that iodine is oxidized to the + 1 state, most likely as ICl, in acidic chloroaluminate melts. Possible modes of formation of I 2 + are discussed.
Decreased aggressiveness of Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia in response to nutrient stress

Abstract Aggressiveness of Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia on wheat seedlings was decreased when conidia were incubated on either a sandy loam soil at −50 mb matric potential for 15 days or a sand bed through which a salts solution was percolated for 5, 10 or 15 days. Seedlings inoculated with treated conidia showed significantly ( P = 0·05) less disease and had longer roots and coleoptiles in most treatments, than seedlings inoculated with nontreated conidia. Conidia that had been incubated on soil or leached sand for 15 days showed less germination than nonincubated conidia in a salts solution or wheat seedling exudate. The germination rate of treated conidia on potato dextrose agar was lower than that of nontreated conidia, but viability was not affected. Loss of 14 C from labelled conidia incubated for 15 days on soil or leached sand was 11·2 and 12·0%, respectively, of total label. The results indicate that incubation of conidia under conditions of nutrient stress can attenuate the aggressiveness and germinability of B. sorokiniana conidia, and that these changes were associated with loss of endogenous carbon from the conidia.
Ferritin H- and L-chains in fiber cell canine and human lenses of different ages.

PURPOSE. This study was designed to elucidate potential age-related changes in the concentration, structure, and assembly pattern of ferritin chains in lens fiber cells. METHODS. Canine and human lens fiber cell homogenate proteins were separated by one-dimensional and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Ferritin chains were immunodetected and quantitated with ferritin chain-specific antibodies. Total ferritin concentration was measured by ELISA. Binding of iron was determined in vitro with 59 Fe. RESULTS. Ferritin H- and L-chains in canine and human fiber cells of healthy lenses were extensively modified. The H-chain in both species was truncated, and its concentration increased with age. Canine L-chain was approximately 11 kDa larger than standard canine L-chain, whereas human L-chain was of the proper size. Two-dimensional separation revealed age-related polymorphism of human and canine lens fiber cell L-chains and human H-chains. Normal size ferritin chains were not identified in canine fiber cells, but a small amount of fully assembled ferritin was detected, and its concentration decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS. Such significantly altered ferritin chains are not likely to form functional ferritin capable of storing iron. Therefore, lens fiber cells, particularly from older lenses, may have limited ability to protect themselves against iron-catalyzed oxidative damage.
Celiac disease and recurrent pancreatitis

Abstract Background: Celiac disease is associated with pancreatico-biliary disease. Postulated mechanisms include reduced gallbladder emptying due to impaired cholecystokinin release and pancreatitis due to malnutrition. We hypothesize that celiac disease may also be associated with pancreatico-biliary abnormalities due to duodenal inflammation and papillary stenosis. Methods: Over a 48-month period, 169 patients referred for possible sphincter of Oddi dysfunction who underwent pancreatico-biliary manometry were tested for gliadin and endomysial antibodies. Duodenal and papillary biopsies were preformed in those patients who were positive. Results: Celiac disease was diagnosed in 12 (7.1%; 3 men, 9 women). The mean age was 61 years as compared with 37 years for those patients without celiac disease. All of the celiac patients had been referred for recurrent abdominal pain and/or idiopathic pancreatitis. Ten had idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis with elevated amylase and lipase levels. Two of these patients also had mildly elevated liver function tests associated with the abdominal pain. Only 3 of 12 patients had a prior diagnosis of celiac disease. These 12 patients had manometric evidence of stenosis and histologic evidence of periampullary inflammation as well as histologic changes consistent with celiac disease. In 10 of 12 patients sphincterotomy or extension of a prior papillotomy was performed. Two patients were treated with a gluten-free diet alone. Conclusions: We describe 12 patients with papillary stenosis and celiac disease. In 9 cases the celiac disease was a new diagnosis. Celiac disease should be considered in the etiology of papillary stenosis or idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. (Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:823-7.)
Modeling of an obstacle detection sensor for horizontal directional drilling (HDD) operations

Abstract Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a commonly used construction method for the installation of underground pipelines, conduits and cables in urban areas and across obstacles such as rivers, railways and highways. A key concern in using the HDD method is the risk of hitting existing buried utilities during the pilot boring operation, which could potentially result in significant economic losses, disruption of services and injuries and/or loss of life. The Differential Impedance Obstacle Detection (DIOD) is a “look-ahead” sensory system, developed for the purpose of detecting metallic and thermoplastic pipes in the path of the boring head. The DIOD sensor was numerically simulated, and the model was validated by comparing its predictions with experimental measurements performed on a physical prototype in a controlled environment. Following validation of the model, a parametric study was undertaken to predict the performance of the DIOD under various scenarios that could be encountered in practice.
Sharing the sandbox on an IT playground

The CITES Help Desk provides support for centralized services at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Although Campus Information Technologies and Educational Services (CITES) is the central IT unit on campus, IT is decentralized across campus. Therefore, we face many challenges when trying to support customers and the many services they use because of the many IT service providers on campus. We have many success stories of working with service providers to roll out new services, retire old services, and support clients with ever-changing needs. We look for opportunities to work with groups, units, and departments that share our goal in providing the best customer service and IT services to campus. On the other hand, we struggle with providing support for services that do not have open communications, defined and realistic expectations, and mutual acceptance for collaboration.We suspect that many other campuses find similar opportunities and challenges, and we would like to present some of our struggles and lead a discussion on how to find creative solutions to work with the IT bullies, cliques, spoiled brats, and tattletales.
Learning from Our Mistakes: An Autopsy of an Unsuccessful University–Community Collaboration

A challenge facing social work education is how to enhance its connection to local communities. To this end, university and community collaborations have grown in popularity to address community needs and to augment student learning. The research literature indicates that there are many factors—from designs to guidelines—that drive successful collaborations. Building on the lessons from that research, this article provides a case study about a service-learning collaboration between a community organization and a masters-level social work course in the United States that was ultimately unsuccessful. Through stakeholder interviews and reflections, the authors provide several suggestions to improve future collaborations. These suggestions include the following. First, increase accountability for students and agency staff. Second, conduct an orientation session at the agency that includes necessary agency staff. Third, be mindful of cultural differences between organizations. Finally, restrict the number of s...
Renal oncocytoma arising in an irradiated field

Renal oncocytomas are well-differentiated, benign tumors of the proximal tubules. They affect men more often than women by a ratio of 1.7~1, and are usually asymptomatic, the majority being noted incidentally [l]. They usually occur in the sixth or seventh decade, with size on presentation ranging from 3 to 26 cm. Overall, they comprise about 4% of all renal tumors [2]. We report a case of a renal oncocytoma presenting 33 years after the patient had undergone radiation therapy for an adrenal neuroblastoma.
An Exit for the Human Product: A Comparative Study of Extreme Literature

This paper examines from a comparative perspective six novels telling stories of extreme life experiences set in both Western and oriental cultures. The paper argues that in these extreme cases, the characters, subjected to absolute power domination, lose their individual identities and are transformed into “human products.” Their struggles for power will always remain futile unless they find a way to reverse the power relationships they are trapped in. Such a reversal allows the hope of an exit for the “human products” to escape the hopeless situation of perpetuated social, sexual, and mental enslavement.
A Panorama of New Directions in Dance/Movement Therapy: The 2012 ADTA International Panel

We heard about the role of creativity, the focus on personal self-development, as well as the challenges of integrating DMT techniques into counseling, sports training, and university settings. Guided by Panel founder Dr. Miriam Roskin Berger and Acting Chair Patricia Capello, the panel addressed the continual thrust to broaden our field, providing unique treatment to an expanding global community.
Building a University Brand from Within: A Comparison of Coaches' Perspectives of Internal Branding

ABSTRACT Branding efforts have typically focused on external promotional strategies to develop brand image. Recently, the brand messages conveyed to employees of an organization have been recognized as being equally as important as the brand messages sent to external stakeholders. This study investigates the internal communication of the university brand with college coaches as the internal recipients, as well as external senders. In order to assess institutional internal branding efforts, college coaches who regularly have an opportunity to convey the university brand promise to outside constituencies are surveyed. Differences are examined among the institutions to evaluate the internal branding techniques implemented at private and public universities and at institutions housing major and mid-major athletic programs.