cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological survey of elderly patients with HIV /AIDS in Chenzhou City

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients with HIV /AID, and to provide a scientific basis for the targeted prevention and control of HIV / AID. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic status of elderly patients with HIV / AID in Chenzhou from 2006 to 2012. Results A total of 781 HIV / AID cases were reported in Chenzhou during 2006- 2012,including 161 elderly cases( 20. 62%). 2 elderly cases of HIV / AID were reported in 2006( 2. 67%),while 73 cases were reported in 2012( 35. 27%),with an average increasing rate of 82. 13%. Totally 11 counties in Chenzhou City were affected,which were consistent with the distribution of general cases. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 86 years. 71. 43% of the patients were male,47. 21% were peasants and out- of- town labourers,and 21. 12% were retirees. Nearly half of the patients were illiterate and primary- educated. 98. 14% of the cases were infected through heterosexual sex. Conclusions Since the rapid spread of HIV / AIDS among the elderly in Chenzhou City,the targeted prevention and control should be strengthened among them.
Commentary: competition made them do it.

and specialists must understand that their primary job is to include participation in coordinated care, not just to render care. The challenge goes far beyond mere cooperation between primary care clinicians, hospitals, and hospital based specialists. It requires development and implementation of a systemic vision of the configuration and resources needed for a care system at the population level. Rates of hospital use are a litmus test for integration of care. I suggest that a social experiment would help the NHS. Let one area with one or two million citizens, under the guidance of a strategic health authority and with the support of the primary care trusts and hospi tal trusts within it, undertake a bold, four year effort to redesign patient flow and resources to aim for the Kaiser system benchmarks. With the same resources as at present, plus its share of the government's new investment, let that area aim for a 50% reduction in hospital bed day use per capita as a sentinel effect of integrated care, reallocating capital and operating funds as needed to achieve that from hospital care to outpatient specialty care, supportive information tech nology, care coordination processes, and enhance ments of support to the primary care clinicians. Let its performance goals include dramatic reductions in waiting times for necessary hospital beds and specialty services. Let it tolerate no harm at all accruing to patients as it pursues this aim. On the contrary, let it promise its patients a level of continuity and safety in their care never before experienced.
Circular Dichroism Sensing of Chiral Compounds Using an Achiral Metal Complex as Probe

Coordination of a chiral substrate to (meso-salen)cobalt(II) nitrate and subsequent oxidation generates a Co(III) complex exhibiting a strong chiroptical readout that is attributed to spontaneous substrate-to-ligand chirality imprinting. The characteristic circular dichroism (CD) response of the (salen)cobalt complex can be used for enantiomeric analysis of a variety of chiral substrates based on a simple CD measurement at low concentration and without additional purification steps. This chirality sensing approach has potential for high-throughput enantiomeric excess (ee) screening applications and minimizes solvent waste production. Chirality 26:379–384, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Term delivery after repair of a uterine rupture during the second trimester in a previously unscarred uterus: a case report.

Background Rupture of the unscarred gravid uterus is very rare. The event occurs mostly during the intrapartum period and is potentially catastrophic for both mother and fetus. The management in general is prompt termination of pregnancy and hysterectomy. Case A successful term delivery followed spontaneous rupture of the uterus during the second trimester and surgical repair. The uterus ruptured with no apparent risk factors at 26 weeks of gestation. The rent, at the right side of the fundus, was repaired without damaging the amniotic membrane. After the operation, the patient received tocolysis for irregular uterine contractions until 37 weeks' gestation and delivered a healthy, male infant by cesarean section. Conclusion Spontaneous rupture of a nonlaboring, unscarred uterus, especially in the second trimester, is extremely rare. This report suggests that conservative treatment for spontaneous rupture of the uterus before fetal maturity may be considered as an alternative to hysterectomy.
Differences in Mental Health and Sexual Outcomes Based on Type of Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration

Little is known based on the stratification and localization of penetration type of rape: oral, vaginal, and/or anal. The current study examined associations between type of rape and mental and sexual health symptoms in 865 community women. All penetration types were positively associated with negative mental and sexual health symptoms. Oral and/or anal rape accounted for additional variance in anxiety, depression, some trauma-related symptoms, and dysfunctional sexual behavior than the association with vaginal rape alone. Findings suggest that penetration type can be an important facet of a rape experience and may be useful to assess in research and clinical settings.
Polymer Solutions at High Pressures: Pressure-Induced Miscibility and Phase Separation in Near-critical and Supercritical Fluids

Pressure-induced miscibility and phase separation constitute the integral steps in a wide range of applications that use supercritical or near-critical fluids as a process or processing medium for polymers. Thermodynamic aspects of miscibility, and the kinetic aspects of the phase separation both play a very important role. Pressure becomes the practical tuning parameter that transforms a fluid or a fluid mixture from behaving like a solvent to one behaving like a non-solvent, there by inducing miscibility or phase separation. Dynamics of phase separation becomes particularly important if transient (non-equilibrium) structures are to be pinned by proper matching of the process conditions with the onset of transitions in material properties such as the vitrification or crystallization in polymers. This paper provides an overview of factors that influence miscibility and presents the consequences of pressure-induced phase separation in terms of the time scale (kinetics) of new phase formation, the domain growth and structure development in polymer solutions. A time- and angle-resolved light scattering technique combined with controlled pressure quench experiments with different depth of penetration into the region of immiscibility is used to document the kinetics of phase separation and domain growth and identify the crossover from “metastable” to “unstable” region of the phase diagram. This crossover that represents the experimentally accessible spinodal boundary is demonstrated with recent data on pressure-induced phase separation in “poly(dimethylsiloxane) + supercritical carbon dioxide” and “polyethylene + n-pentane” solutions. The paper also describes a unique application of polymer miscibility and phase separation concepts in the preparation of novel polymer-polymer blends that is based on impregnating a host polymer that is swollen in a fluid with a second polymer that is dissolved in the same fluid at high pressures. The dissolved polymer is in-situ precipitated and entrapped in the host polymer matrix by pressure-induced phase separation. The technique opens up new possibilities for blending of otherwise incompatible polymers, and is demonstrated for blending of polyethylene with poly(dimethylsiloxane) in supercritical carbon dioxide.
Single-cell transcript profiles reveal multilineage priming in early progenitors derived from Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells

Lgr5(+) intestinal stem cells (ISCs) drive epithelial self-renewal, and their immediate progeny-intestinal bipotential progenitors-produce absorptive and secretory lineages via lateral inhibition. To define features of early transit from the ISC compartment, we used a microfluidics approach to measure selected stem- and lineage-specific transcripts in single Lgr5(+) cells. We identified two distinct cell populations, one that expresses known ISC markers and a second, abundant population that simultaneously expresses markers of stem and mature absorptive and secretory cells. Single-molecule mRNA in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence verified expression of lineage-restricted genes in a subset of Lgr5(+) cells in vivo. Transcriptional network analysis revealed that one group of Lgr5(+) cells arises from the other and displays characteristics expected of bipotential progenitors, including activation of Notch ligand and cell-cycle-inhibitor genes. These findings define the earliest steps in ISC differentiation and reveal multilineage gene priming as a fundamental property of the process.
Enhancing dielectric and mechanical behaviors of hybrid polymer nanocomposites based on polystyrene, polyaniline and carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline

The dielectric and mechanical properties of hybrid polymer nanocomposites of polystyrene/polyaniline/carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline (PCNTs) have been investigated using impedance analyzer and extensometer. The blends of PS/PANI formed the heterogeneous phase separated morphology in which PCNTs are dispersed uniformly. The incorporation of a small amount of PCNTs into the blend of PS/PANI has remarkably increased the dielectric properties. Similarly, the AC conductivity of PS/PANI is also increased five orders of magnitude from 1.6 × 10−10 to 2.0 × 10−5 S∙cm−1 in the hybrid nanocomposites. Such behavior of hybrid nanocomposites is owing to the interfacial polarization occurring due to the presence of multicomponent domains with varying conductivity character of the phases from insulative PS to poor conductor PANI to highly conductive CNTs. Meanwhile, the tensile modulus and tensile strength are also enhanced significantly up to 55% and 160%, respectively, without much loss of ductility for three phase hybrid nanocomposites as compared to the neat PS. Thereby, the hybrid nanocomposites of PS/PANI/PCNTs become stiffer, stronger and tougher as compared to the neat systems.
Face Recognition Based on Discrete Cosine Transform and Support Vector Machine

Face recognition is a rapidly growing research area due to the increasing demands for the security in commercial and jurally enforcement applications. High information redundancy and correlation in face images result in the inefficiency when such images are used directly for recognition. In this paper, discrete cosine transforms is used to reduce image information redundancy, because only a subset of the transform coefficients are necessary to preserve the most important facial features such as hair outline, eyes and mouth. The experimental results on the ORL face database utilizing the SVM algorithm show that the satisfying recognition performance can be obtained. The correct recognition rate is 96.5%
The Economics of Consumer Credit

(2008). The Economics of Consumer Credit. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 269-270.
Correlations in Social Neuroscience Aren't Voodoo: A Reply to Vul Et Al.

Vul et al. claim that brain-personality correlations in many social neuroscience studies are “implausibly high,” “likely…spurious,” and “should not be believed.” Several of their conclusions are incorrect due to flawed reasoning, statistical errors, and sampling anomalies. First, the conceptual issues discussed by Vul et al. have little to do with social neuroscience per se and are equally relevant for nearly all fMRI analyses that report measures of effect size from searches over multiple voxels or regions (r, t, or Z statistics). Second, Vul et al. incorrectly claim that whole-brain regression analyses use an invalid and “non-independent” two-step inferential procedure. We explain how whole-brain regressions are a valid single-step method of identifying brain regions that have reliable correlations with individual difference measures. Third, Vul et al. claim that large correlations obtained using whole-brain regression analyses may be the result of noise alone. We provide a simulation to demonstrate that typical fMRI sample sizes (N = 15-20) will only rarely produce large correlations in the absence of any true effect. Fourth, Vul et al. claim that the reported correlations are inflated to the point of being “implausibly high”. Though biased post hoc correlation estimates are a well-known consequence of conducting multiple tests, Vul et al. make inaccurate assumptions when estimating the theoretical ceiling of such correlations. Moreover, Vul et al.’s own meta-analysis suggests that the magnitude of the bias is an increase of approximately .12, a rather modest estimate to inspire the label ‘voodoo’. In addition, after correcting for likely restricted range in several of the “independent” correlations that Vul et al. treat as the gold standard, the means of the “non-independent” and “independent” correlations are nearly identical. Finally, it is troubling that almost 25% of the “non-independent” correlations in the papers reviewed by Vul et al. were omitted from their own meta-analysis without explanation.
Chinese media coverage of and public attitudes toward the 2008 Beijing Olympic games

This study investigates whether the Chinese media agenda—as reflected in the news items published in the Beijing and Shanghai news websites of sina.com.cn, the country’s largest news site—is reflected in the public agenda or what Beijing and Shanghai residents consider to be the most important issues in the country over a four-month period. It also examined how China’s hosting of the Olympic games ranked as a particular issue in the media agenda and its relationship with the issue’s position in the public’s list of the most important issues facing the nation. The correlation between the valence or orientation of the news stories with the public’s attitude about the games was also investigated. This study adopts the traditional agenda-setting methodology, which involves the combined methods of content analysis to determine the media agenda and a public survey to determine the public agenda. First, the media agenda and the public agenda were explored separately. Then, the prioritization of issues in the two agendas as well as the media valence and public’s attitude toward the country’s hosting of the 2008 Olympiad were compared. The findings indicate that the websites in both cities highlight similar topics and that the coverage toward the Olympics was positive. Items comprising the priority list of issues in the public agenda of Beijing and Shanghai were also found to closely resemble each other. The respondents in both cities showed positive attitudes about the country’s hosting of the 2008 Olympiad. In each city, the media agenda partly corresponded to the public agenda. They differed, however, in terms of the extent to which some of the topics occupied the agenda. The orientation of the media coverage about the Olympics and the public’s attitude about hosting the games were both positive. The public attitude about the games, however,
Protein Disorder Is Positively Correlated with Gene Expression in Escherichia coli

We considered, on a global scale, the relationship between the predicted fraction of protein disorder and the RNA and protein expression in Escherichia coli. Fraction of protein disorder correlated positively with both measured RNA expression levels of E. coli genes in three different growth media and with predicted abundance levels of E. coli proteins. Though weak, the correlation was highly significant. Correlation of protein disorder with RNA expression did not depend on the growth rate of E. coli cultures and was not caused by a small subset of genes showing exceptionally high concordance in their disorder and expression levels. Global analysis was complemented by detailed consideration of several groups of proteins.
Engaging a public audience: Social justice advocacy and dissemination of trauma science.

Turn on any news channel or Twitter feed and you’ll witness the psychological impact of terrible events and complex social issues on individuals, families, and communities. In a few weeks in late s...
Resilient Control of Transportation Networks by Using Variable Speed Limits

We investigate the use of variable speed limits for resilient operation of transportation networks, which are modeled as dynamical flow networks under local routing decisions. In such systems, some external inflow is injected to the so-called origin nodes of the network. The total inflow arriving at each node is routed to its operational outgoing links based on their current densities of traffic. The density on each link has first-order dynamics driven by the difference of its incoming and outgoing flows. A link fails if it reaches its jam density. Such failures may propagate in the network and cause a systemic failure. We show that larger link capacities, that is, the maximum flows that can be sustained by the links, are not always better for preventing systemic failures under local routing. Accordingly, we propose the use of variable speed limits to operate the links below their capacities, when necessary, to compensate for the lack of global information and coordination in routing decisions. We show that systemic failures under feasible external inflows can always be averted through proper selection of speed limits if the routing decisions are sufficiently responsive to local congestion and the network is initially uncongested. This is an attractive feature as it provides a practical alternative to building more physical capacity or altering routing decisions that are determined by social behavior.
Measurement of Perceptual Body Image

The components of body image disturbance and the clinical relevance of body size overestimation are described. Early studies measuring body size estimation and the resulting inconsistent findings are reviewed. Contemporary techniques for measuring body size estimation are described, including video distortion methodology and figural drawing scales. Methodological issues are reviewed, including the role of sensory and nonsensory factors in body size estimation. Psychophysical methodologies for measuring sensory and nonsensory components separately are described, including signal detection theory, method of constant stimuli, and adaptive probit estimation. The concepts of ‘point of subjective equality’ and ‘difference threshold’ are explained. Findings from studies using advanced psychophysical methodologies to study body image are reviewed. Finally, recommendations regarding methodologies for measuring the perceptual aspects of body image are included.
Social signaling and interorganizational relationships: Lessons learned from the professional sports industry

Abstract In today’s connected economy, interorganizational relationships are increasingly important. Whether government-to-government, political party-to-political party, business-to-business, department-to-department, or some other interorganizational pairing, these relationships can provide organizations with signals used to identify and better respond to changes in their environment and in their interorganizational relationships. This enables astute organizations to not only understand how others will interpret the social signals they send, but also to shape those signals in ways that will improve their interorganizational relationships. We illustrate this herein, using the public and readily recognizable relationships involved with labor relations in the professional sports industry. We show how social signals can explain the way organizations change and adapt to their environments, and how these changes send messages to related organizations. Finally, we provide a set of recommended advice for managers based on this case analysis.
Diabetic Eye Diseases

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common ailments encountered by ophthalmologists and can result in severe retinal damage with devastating vision loss if left untreated. The treatment has evolved rapidly over the last few decades and has shown great promise in reducing the visual complications associated with diabetes. Recent technological advances have improved the screening process through telemedicine and ultrawide field imaging, especially in combination with new deep learning algorithms. The introduction of anti-VEGF agents has revolutionized treatment protocols for all forms of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab have been studied extensively and are still undergoing multiple clinical trials to determine their efficacy in different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Traditional treatments such as steroids and laser have been improved upon by creating new methods of drug and laser delivery systems in order to improve efficacy and reduce the complications of treatment. Although the prevalence of diabetes is increasing for the next few decades, the modern ophthalmologist has never been better equipped to manage the severe complications of this disease.
Online Test Presentation Modes, Student Self-perceived Learning Styles, and Student Performance on Factual/Conceptual and Applied Problems

Online courses have created a different testing environment. A test in an online setting can be easily presented in multiple modes (i.e., all at once, one at a time). However, there are no established guidelines to date on how the test presentation modes should be used in an online test. Using a sample of sixty-five undergraduate students, this study examined if test presentation modes (i.e., all at once, one at a time), student self-perceived learning styles (i.e., surface style, deep style), and types of test problems (i.e., factual/conceptual questions, applied questions) have an effect on student achievement in four unit tests. Findings from one-way MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that test presentation modes alone did not influence student test performance. However, when the variables of student self-perceived learning styles and types of test problems were added, students with a surface style scored significantly higher on the factual/conceptual problems in the one-at-a-time test presentation mode than in the all-atonce test presentation mode. No significant differences were found for students with a deep style in test performance based upon test presentation modes and types of questions. This study suggests test presentation modes can be set according to students’ learning styles. Students with a surface style may benefit from the one-at-a-time test presentation mode over time. Furthermore, it is recommended that technical issues and test security should be considered in determining an optimal test presentation mode.
Channel Estimation and Equalization in Wireless ATM

Wireless ATM has attracted considerable research attention in recent years because of its promise of delivering multimedia traffic ubiquitously to mobile users, and its seamless connection to the (land-line) broadband ISDN. However, originally designed for time-invariant and high-quality physical links (such as fiber-optic networks), implementations of ATM in a wireless environment face several challenges. Of particular significance is the ability to provide a reliable physical layer without excessive overhead. In this paper, we consider channel estimation and equalization problems in wireless ATM. Our goal is to eliminate or greatly reduce the transmission of training signals associated with channel equalization. The proposed approach, dubbed Protocol-Aided Channel Equalization (PACE), exploits simultaneously the structure of the ATM cell, the medium access control (MAC), and information-carrying data symbols.
The Concept of Autonomous Art and Literature within their Historical Context

When we speak of art, we usually think in terms of masterpieces; and we take it for granted that these masterpieces each represent a totality in which disparate elements are harmoniously united to create a work which is a self-contained entity, “in sich selbst vollendet,” meaning complete in itself as well as perfect. Karl Philipp Moritz suggested this concept to define autonomous art in a short essay “Versuch einer Vereinigung aller schonen Kunste und Wissenschaften unter dem Begriff des in sich selbst Vollendeten” written in 1785. In 1788, that is, exactly two hundred years ago, he followed this up with a longer treatise, “Uber die bildende Nachahmung des Schonen,” which became better known because Goethe was involved in its conception in Rome, reviewed it, and in 1829 published extracts from it in his autobiographical work Die Italienische Reise.
Rhetoric and the Productive Sciences: Towards a New Program for Research in Design

One of the central problems of design studies is the diversity of views about the subject matter, methods, and principles of design practice. These views stem from different philosophic assumptions and are part of the nature of design thinking. A new program for research in design should include an effort to clarify the diverse meanings of central concepts and the assumptions upon which they are based. This can provide a platform for further research into the peculiar indeterminacy of subject matter in design. This, in turn, could lead to a new type of rhetorical inquiry into the integrative disciplines of design thinking which give direction and purpose to the particular techniques and methods revealed in the study of designing. Investigation of themes such as communication, construction, strategic planning, and systemic integration—each a form of rhetoric that enables the cultivation of abilities such as invention, judgment, decision-making, and evaluation—is a critical task in the development of design theory. But the rhetoric of design thinking should be balanced by a new type of inquiry that is directed towards kinds of products and their related processes of making which constrain designers. This type of inquiry could be called “productive science,” in contrast to the forethought that characterizes design.
Sinorhizobium meliloti Chemoreceptor McpV Senses Short-Chain Carboxylates via Direct Binding.

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil-dwelling endosymbiont of alfalfa that has eight chemoreceptors to sense environmental stimuli during its free-living state. The functions of two receptors have been characterized, with McpU and McpX serving as general amino acid and quaternary ammonium compound sensors, respectively. Both receptors use a dual Cache (calcium channels and chemotaxis receptors) domain for ligand binding. We identified that the ligand-binding periplasmic region (PR) of McpV contains a single Cache domain. Homology modeling revealed that McpVPR is structurally similar to a sensor domain of a chemoreceptor with unknown function from Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, which crystallized with acetate in its binding pocket. We therefore assayed McpV for carboxylate binding and S. meliloti for carboxylate sensing. Differential scanning fluorimetry identified 10 potential ligands for McpVPR. Nine of these are monocarboxylates with chain lengths between two and four carbons. We selected seven compounds for capillary assay analysis, which established positive chemotaxis of the S. meliloti wild type, with concentrations of peak attraction at 1 mM for acetate, propionate, pyruvate, and glycolate, and at 100 mM for formate and acetoacetate. Deletion of mcpV or mutation of residues essential for ligand coordination abolished positive chemotaxis to carboxylates. Using microcalorimetry, we determined that dissociation constants of the seven ligands with McpVPR were in the micromolar range. An McpVPR variant with a mutation in the ligand coordination site displayed no binding to isobutyrate or propionate. Of all the carboxylates tested as attractants, only glycolate was detected in alfalfa seed exudates. This work examines the relevance of carboxylates and their sensor to the rhizobium-legume interaction. IMPORTANCE Legumes share a unique association with certain soil-dwelling bacteria known broadly as rhizobia. Through concerted interorganismal communication, a legume allows intracellular infection by its cognate rhizobial species. The plant then forms an organ, the root nodule, dedicated to housing and supplying fixed carbon and nutrients to the bacteria. In return, the engulfed rhizobia, differentiated into bacteroids, fix atmospheric N2 into ammonium for the plant host. This interplay is of great benefit to the cultivation of legumes, such as alfalfa and soybeans, and is initiated by chemotaxis to the host plant. This study on carboxylate chemotaxis contributes to the understanding of rhizobial survival and competition in the rhizosphere and aids the development of commercial inoculants.
Incidental mastoid opacification on computed tomography in the pediatric population.

Abstract Objectives Incidental mastoid opacification (IMO) is a common radiologic finding and source of referral to otolaryngologists. Our objectives were to: 1) determine the rate of IMO in our pediatric population; 2) identify those with clinical mastoiditis; and 3) identify factors necessitating an otolaryngology consultation. Methods This was a retrospective chart review at an academic, tertiary, pediatric hospital in an urban setting. Pediatric patients with the keyword ‘mastoid’ on a computed tomography (CT) scan report were reviewed. The effect of age, gender, season and the use of contrast media on the rate of IMO was also analyzed. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the significance of categorical frequencies. Results The rate of IMO in our cohort was 14.2% (164/1157). In children Conclusions This is the largest study identifying IMO on CT and in children to date. Although the overall rate of IMO in the pediatric population is 14.2%, it is rarely clinically significant.
Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease Topic Review

This review offers an informed insight on the pathophysiology of ocular graft-versus-host disease in addition to up-to-date recommendations for monitoring and management. Ocular GVHD is estimated to affect tens of thousands of individuals in the USA. It is not known how many of these patients are aware of their condition or seek therapy for it. Diagnosis of ocular GVHD poses a difficult challenge due to the unspecific nature of the presentation. However, improvement in diagnostic criteria through available testing and updated guidelines can allow early identification promoting appropriate intervention. GVHD is a systemic disease that can involve any organ including the eye. Ocular GVHD is estimated to affect 40–60% of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The disease can result in significant morbidity and mortality and continues to pose a diagnostic challenge despite continuous revision of the available criteria. Multiple therapeutic options are available and have shown promise. Despite its systemic underlying etiology, organ-specific ocular GVHD is best treated through organ-specific topical management which allows reduction of symptoms and complications.
Managing geo-distributed stream processing pipelines for the IIoT with StreamPipes edge extensions

The industrial IoT and its promise to realize data-driven decision-making by analyzing industrial event streams is an important innovation driver in the industrial sector. Due to an enormous increase of generated data and the development of specialized hardware, new decentralized paradigms such as fog computing arised to overcome shortcomings of centralized cloud-only approaches. However, current undertakings are focused on static deployments of standalone services, which is insufficient for geo-distributed applications that are composed of multiple event-driven functions. In this paper, we present StreamPipes Edge Extensions (SEE), a novel contribution to the open source IIoT toolbox Apache StreamPipes. With SEE, domain experts are able to create stream processing pipelines in a graphical editor and to assign individual pipeline elements to available edge nodes, while underlying provisioning and deployment details are abstracted by the framework. The main contributions are (i) a fog cluster management model to represent computing node characteristics, (ii) a node controller for pipeline element life cycle management and (iii) a management framework to deploy event-driven functions to registered nodes. Our approach was validated in a real industrial setup showing low overall overhead of SEE as part of a robot-assisted product quality inspection use case.
Lack of interaction between the milky disease bacterium Paenibacillus popilliae and stilbene-derived optical brighteners in Japanese beetle larvae

Optical brighteners cansynergistically enhance nucleopolyhedrovirusinfectivity to lepidopteran larvae by blockingthe sloughing of infected primary midgut cellsand inhibiting the formation of the peritrophicmembrane in the hosts. Because of similaritiesin the route of infection, we investigatedwhether optical brighteners would also enhanceinfection with the milky disease bacterium,Paenibacillus popilliae, of Japanesebeetle, Popillia japonica, larvae. Thelarvae were kept in soil mixed with P.popilliae spore preparations and the opticalbrighteners Blankophor BBH, P167, or RKH withperennial ryegrass provided as food. Noenhancing effect of any of the opticalbrighteners on P. popilliae infection wasobserved at a concentration of 0.1% (w/w). Rather, when mixed into the soil at 0.02, 0.1,or 0.5% (w/w) BBH reduced P. popilliaeinfection at the highest rate.
Cancer Disparities and Black American Representation in Clinical Trials Leading to the Approval of Oral Chemotherapy Drugs in the United States Between 2009 and 2019.

PURPOSE:Over the past 10 years, oral chemotherapy made up about half (45.6%) of all US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved oncolytic and hematologic medications. Given the disparity in inci...
Copyright equality: Free speech, efficiency, and regulatory parity in distribution

INTRODUCTION 1838 I. UNEQUAL TREATMENT OF MUSIC DISTRIBUTORS 1845 A. Traditional AM and FM Radio 1846 B. Satellite Radio 1848 C. Cable Music Services 1851 D. Webcasting 1853 E. On-Demand Streaming 1858 F. Other Modes of Distribution 1863 II. ECONOMIC ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST EQUALITY 1864 A. Interconnected Industries 1865 B. A Simple Model of Music Distribution 1867 1. Product Characteristics 1867 2. Substitution and Complementarity 1869 3. Cannibalization and Promotion 1870 4. Consumer Prices 1872 C. Distortions, or the Picking-Winners Aspect of Copyright Law 1873 D. Possible Justifications 1877 1. Price Discrimination 1877 2. Cost Differentials and Universal Service 1878 3. Different Contributions to Value 1879 4. Legitimacy of Bargained Rates 1880 5. Cannibalization and Promotion 1880 III. EQUALITY AS A FIRST AMENDMENT REQUIREMENT 1881 A. First Amendment Case Law 1882 1. Media Tax Cases 1883 2. Required Programming Cases 1887 B. The First Amendment’s Role in Copyright Law 1889
Improving Screening for Social Determinants of Health in a Pediatric Resident Clinic: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Introduction Social determinants of health (SDOH) account for 80% of modifiable factors in a population's health. Addressing SDOH in a healthcare setting can improve care, patient experience, health outcomes, and decrease cost. Therefore, screening for SODH in the pediatric setting has become an essential and evidence-based component of pediatric preventative care. Multiple barriers exist for its implementation, particularly for trainees. Methods Using resident-driven quality improvement (QI) methodology, we aimed to increase SDOH screening to >90% for 9 individual questions at newborn and 1-year well visits and completely screen for all 9 questions at more than 40% of visits. Parents were provided with a paper screening form upon arrival to be completed before visits. We performed tests of change to improve distribution, documentation, and quality of interventions. Results The primary outcome of complete screening for all 9 questions increased from 24% to 43% at newborn visits and 28% to 83% at 1-year visits. Screenings that identified at least 1 need increased from 8% to 19%, with provider response to an identified need increasing from 20% to 40%. These metrics were the secondary outcome measures. Conclusions The use of parent completed paper screening forms improved SDOH screening, documentation, and interventions by residents and faculty.
Structure-Based Discriminative Matrix Factorization for Detecting Inefficient Learning Behaviors

Modern online learning platforms offer a wealth of learning content while leaving the choice of content for study and practice to the learner. Recent work has demonstrated that many students use inefficient learning strategies that lead to lower performance in this context. The ability to detect inefficient learning behavior by monitoring learning data opens a way to timely intervention that could lead to better learning and performance. In this work, we propose SB-DNMF, a structure-based discriminative non-negative matrix factorization model aimed to distinguish between common and distinct learning behavior patterns of low- and high-learning gain students. Our model can discover latent groups of students’ behavioral micro-patterns while accounting for the structural similarities between these micro-patterns based upon a weighted edit-distance measure. Our experiments demonstrate that SB-DNMF can find meaningful latent factors that are associated with students’ learning gain and can cluster the behavioral patterns into common (trait), and performance-related groups.
Sex Differences in the Hypothalamic Oxytocin Pathway to Locus Coeruleus and Augmented Attention with Chemogenetic Activation of Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neurons

The tightly localized noradrenergic neurons (NA) in the locus coeruleus (LC) are well recognized as essential for focused arousal and novelty-oriented responses, while many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit diminished attention, engagement and orienting to exogenous stimuli. This has led to the hypothesis that atypical LC activity may be involved in ASD. Oxytocin (OXT) neurons and receptors are known to play an important role in social behavior, pair bonding and cognitive processes and are under investigation as a potential treatment for ASD. However, little is known about the neurotransmission from hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) OXT neurons to LC NA neurons. In this study, we test, in male and female rats, whether PVN OXT neurons excite LC neurons, whether oxytocin is released and involved in this neurotransmission, and whether activation of PVN OXT neurons alters novel object recognition. Using “oxytocin sniffer cells” (CHO cells that express the human oxytocin receptor and a Ca indicator) we show that there is release of OXT from hypothalamic PVN OXT fibers in the LC. Optogenetic excitation of PVN OXT fibers excites LC NA neurons by co-release of OXT and glutamate, and this neurotransmission is greater in males than females. In male, but not in female animals, chemogenetic activation of PVN OXT neurons increases attention to novel objects.
Magnetosheath Injections Deep Inside the Closed LLBL: A Review of Observations

Since the late 1970s, reports of temporal injections of sheath plasma deep inside the magnetosphere have recurred. Most reports favor northward (especially weakly so) IMF conditions, and there may be a preference for the dawn flank. Injections occur preferentially when solar wind pressure is high, and during intervals of incident pressure pulses. Many low-altitude observations lie in 0800-1000 MLT sector. High altitude observations of sheath injections into the closed magnetosphere extend downstream of dawn or dusk. Some cases initially assumed to be cusp injections are, based on the spectral properties, the local time, and other characteristics, actually in the closed LLBL. It is unclear whether these injection events are a relatively minor aspect of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, or whether they play a significant role, say, in LLBL formation. Nonetheless, the evidence for sheath plasma entering onto closed field lines by processes other than merging is strong.
Long-Term Therapy with Lenalidomide in a Patient with POEMS Syndrome

Lenalidomide is an effective therapy against malignant plasma cells and a potent agent against proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines. The use of lenalidomide in POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein with plasma cells, skin changes) has been reported, but its benefit in long-term use is not well established. A 55-year-old man with POEMS and debilitating polyneuropathy was treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by maintenance lenalidomide. He remains in haematologic remission and in complete recovery of functional status 3.5 years after diagnosis. This case supports the long-term use of lenalidomide in patients with POEMS syndrome.
Dynamic network modelling of travel guidance impacts

This paper describes network modelling of travel guidance impacts using combined dynamic distribution and assignment (CDDA) in which a subset of area motorists are provided real-time directives as to destination, route, and departure time decisions. Examples illustrate potential magnitudes of system-wide impacts, including travel time and fuel consumption, achieved by different percentages of motorists given directives aimed at improving user equilibrium conditions. Travel guidance regarding modal choice is not included in this paper, although that extension is similar to other network models. Results are given for a Pittsburgh network in which freeway lanes are partially blocked during rush hour due to a truck accident. Indications are that significant reductions in system-wide impacts can be achieved by guiding a subset of area motorists to specific travel choices based on real-time information. Future research issues are types, amounts, and locations of real-time data needed to provide reliable travel guidance, and the relative impacts of in-vehicle versus point-of-departure travel guidance systems.
Experiments for the undergraduate control laboratory

An introductory control laboratory is presented. This paper describes our experiences in developing and teaching such a course to seniors in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at West Virginia University Institute of Technology (WVU Tech). The course, entitled "Automatic Control Laboratory," is organized around consideration of principles of control systems. The emphasis in the laboratory experiments is on plant identification, open loop and closed loop characteristics, effect of damping and design and implementation of PID control schemes. The topics introduced in the course ELCE 424 Automatic control such as introduction to control systems, time domain analysis, control system characteristics and performance of feedback control, complement the laboratory course.
Morbidity associated with ORIF of intra-articular calcaneus fractures using a lateral approach.

This is a review of 183 patients with 218 displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus treated by open reduction and internal fixation. One hundred and ninety four (89%) wounds underwent pr...
Krüppel-like factor 4 is transactivated by butyrate in colon cancer cells.

High-fiber diets decrease the incidence of colorectal cancers, and SCFA, derived from dietary fiber, are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of the colonic epithelium. The mediators of these effects remain poorly defined. Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF4/GKLF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that exhibits some physiologic properties similar to those of SCFA in the colon. The present study was undertaken to examine the role of KLF4 in the butyrate-mediated effect in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Butyrate induced KLF4 mRNA expression and stimulated KLF4 promoter activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HT-29 cells. Similar effects were observed in SCFA possessing different carbon lengths (C3-C7), but not in branched isobutyric acid, indicating that the stimulatory properties of SCFA were related to fatty acid structure. Transfection studies using 5' deletion and mutant constructs of the KLF4 promoter demonstrated that the butyrate-responsive element was located at a putative stimulatory protein (Sp)1-binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using an oligonucleotide containing a consensus Sp1-binding element revealed a DNA-protein complex that was enhanced by butyrate treatment and supershifted by the Sp1 antiserum. Furthermore, the effects of butyrate on cell growth and KLF4 mRNA expression were the same as those of trichostatin A (TSA), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC1). Overexpression of HDAC1 significantly attenuated transcriptional activation of the KLF4 promoter by butyrate or TSA. These results suggest that KLF4 may function as one of the downstream effectors of butyrate that mediates its growth arrest effect in the colon. Moreover, transactivation of KLF4 by butyrate appears to be mediated through interaction with a Sp1-binding domain on the promoter and is also likely to involve histone acetylation.
A Method of Estimating the Scatter of Red Cell Populations from their Diffraction Patterns

A method is described whereby the mean diameter and the degree of scatter of a red cell population can be found from the characteristics of the diffraction pattern produced. The mean diameter may be found from the position of the various maxima and minima, and the scatter from the ratio of the illumination intensities in the first maximum and the first minimum respectively.
Semi-empirical natural orbital analysis of the bonding and rotational energy barrier in cyclopropylmethyl cation

Abstract The Boys-Reeves CI algorithm has been applied in a CNDO/2 framework to study the bonding in the cyclopropylmethyl cation. Interpretive use is made of the fact that the CI algorithm is identical to a valence bond calculation except for the restriction to orthonormal one-electron orbitals. A pseudo-natural orbital scheme has been used to analyze the CI wavefunction in terms of “orthonormal resonance” diagrams which prove to be a very succinct representation of the bonding. An energy barrier of 30.7 kcal/mole has been obtained for the rotation of the methylene group with respect to the three-membered ring in general agreement with experimental estimates and the bonding analysis shows delocalization of the charge throughout the molecular ion.
Directional persistence of EGF-induced cell migration is associated with stabilization of lamellipodial protrusions

Migrating cells can sustain a relatively constant direction of lamellipodial protrusion and locomotion over timescales ranging from minutes to hours. However, individual waves of lamellipodial extension occur over much shorter characteristic times. Little understanding exists regarding how cells might integrate biophysical processes across these disparate timescales to control the directional persistence of locomotion. We address this issue by examining the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation on long-timescale directional persistence and short-timescale lamellipodial dynamics of EGF receptor-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells migrating on fibronectin-coated substrata. Addition of EGF increased persistence, with the magnitude of increase correlating with fibronectin coating concentration. Kymographic analysis of EGF-stimulated lamellipodial dynamics revealed that the temporal stability of lamellipodial protrusions similarly increased with fibronectin concentration. A soluble RGD peptide competitor reduced both the persistence of long-timescale cell paths and the stability of short-timescale membrane protrusions, indicating that cell-substratum adhesion concomitantly influences lamellipodial dynamics and directional persistence. These results reveal the importance of adhesion strength in regulating the directional motility of cells and suggest that the short-timescale kinetics of adhesion complex formation may play a key role in modulating directional persistence over much longer timescales.