cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employment Expectations of Law Students

RECENT research indicates that occupational differentiation having its roots in religious origins is likely to become increasingly less significant in accounting for allocation of college-trained persons among the arts and science fields. Differences among Protestants and Catholics in the 1961 graduating classes of America's colleges of arts and sciences, for example, were nonexistent insofar as longterm career preferences for the arts and science fields are concerned.1 On the other hand, the profession of law drew heavily as a preferred field for a career from among those graduating seniors who were reared in Catholic and Jewish households.2 The statistical overrepresentation of students of minority religious groups among the graduating seniors who are planning to pursue a career in law notwithstanding, this writer has demonstrated that the process by which entering law students are allocated among American law schools of varying institutional quality is determined primarily by the student's academic record in college and only secondarily by social attributes such as social class position.3 In effect, in sorting out those destined for the top national schools, those entering second tier law schools of solid but not necessarily national reputation, and other law schools, American law schools give primary weight to the student's past achievements. Whether or not these law students will be sorted and sifted once again (primarily on the basis of talent-in this case to be measured by academic rank in their law classes) at the time they
The Street Art World

During the last decade, “street art” has found its admirers, its detractors, its collectors, its aspiring and “superstar” artists, its commercial promoters and documentarians, and its Web sites, ga...
Review of the Blastobasinae of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae).

The Blastobasinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) of Costa Ricaare reviewed. Five new genera, Barbaloba , Hallicis , Koleps , Pheos , and Pseudokoleps , and 101 new species are described. They include: Barbaloba jubae , B. meleagrisellae , Hallicis bisetosellus , H. calvicula , Koleps angulatus , Pheos aculeatus , Pseudokoleps akainae , Blastobasis abollae , B. achaea , B. aedes , B. babae , B. balucis , B. beo , B. caetrae , B. chanes , B. custodis , B. dapis , B. deae , B. deliciolarum , B. dicionis , B. echus , B. erae , B. fax , B. furtivus , B. iuanae , B. lex , B. litis , B. lygdi , B. manto , B. neniae , B. nivis , B. orithyia , B. paludis , B. phaedra , B. rotae , B. rotullae , B. tapetae , B. thyone , B. usurae , B. vesta , B. xiphiae , Hypatopa actes , H. acus , H. agnae , H. arxcis , H. bilobata , H. caedis , H. caepae , H. cladis , H. cotis , H. cotytto , H. crux , H. cyane , H. dicax , H. dolo , H. dux , H. edax , H. eos , H. erato , H. fio , H. gena , H. hecate , H. hera , H. hora , H. io , H. ira, H. leda , H. limae , H. lucina , H. joniella , H. juno , H. manus , H. mora , H. musa , H. nex , H. nox , H. phoebe , H. pica , H. plebis , H. rabio , H. rea , H. rego , H. rudis , H. sais , H. scobis , H. semela , H. solea , H. styga , H. texla , H. texo , H. umbra , H. verax , H. vitis , H. vox , Pigritia dido , P. faux , P. gruis , P. haha , P. sedis , P. stips , and P. ululae . Diagnoses, descriptions, and type data are provided for each species. Photographs of imagos, illustrations of wing venation for selected species, male and female genitalia, and distribution maps are furnished. Keys to all genera in Blastobasinae and keys to all species within each genus are provided to assist with identifications. In addition, scanning electron micrographs of the inner surface of the dilated first antennal flagellomere and associated sex scales for all Blastobasis are provided. Blastobasis coffeaella (Busck, 1925), B. graminea Adamski, 1999, Hypatopa tapadulcea Adamski, 1999, and Pigritia marjoriella Adamski, 1998 are redescribed.
Nanostructured Materials Generated by High-Intensity Ultrasound: Sonochemical Synthesis and Catalytic Studies

The sonochemical decomposition of volatile organometallic compounds produces high surface area solids that consist of agglomerates of nanometer clusters. For iron pentacarbonyl and tricarbonylnitrosylcobalt, nanostructured metals and alloys are formed; for molybdenum hexacarbonyl, the metal carbide is produced. These sonochemically produced nanostructured solids are active heterogeneous catalysts for hydrocarbon re-forming and CO hydrogenation. The sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and catalytic studies will be discussed in this review.
Evaluation of a Cardiovascular Health Program for Participants with Mental Retardation and Normal Learners

An evaluation was conducted to compare the impact of an 8-week cardiovascular disease risk reduction group teaching program for 92 individuals with mental retardation (MR; IQ less than 70) and 97 normal learners. The curriculum emphasized exercise, nutritional choices, and stress reduction. Body Mass Index (BMI; weight in kilograms, divided by height in meters, squared), knowledge of healthy eating choices, self-report of fruit and vegetable intake, and exercise were measured before and after the intervention. The mean BMI decreased by .89 for normal learners and not at all for the group with MR. However, BMI decreased by at least .75 units (or approximately 5 pounds) for 18.5% of individuals with MR and 44.3% of normal learners.
Low-dose doxycycline plus additional therapies may lower systemic inflammation in postmenopausal women with periodontitis

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The effect of subantimicrobial-dose–doxycycline periodontal therapy on serum biomarkers of systemic inflammation: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Payne JB, Golub LM, Stoner JA, Lee H-M, Reinhardt RA, Sorsa T, Slepian MJ. J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142;262-73. Reviewer Walter A. Bretz, DDS, PhD Purpose/Question To determine whether long-term subantimicrobial-dose–doxycycline (SDD) periodontal therapy could reduce serum biomarkers of systemic inflammation and improve lipid profiles in postmenopausal women who have systemic osteopenia and chronic periodontitis Source of Funding NIH/NIDCR grant R01DE012872. Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Child sexual abuse education with ethnically diverse families: A preliminary analysis

Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of a parent–child psychoeducational program, Kids Learning About Safety (KLAS), aimed at educating families about general safety and personal safety related to childhood sexual abuse. Following assessment of both parents and children (ages 3 to 5 years and primarily Hispanic), families participated in 16 sessions of simultaneous psychoeducational groups. Children were taught general safety and body safety (e.g., touching rules). Sessions lasted 1-hour and were held twice a week. Group facilitators employed modeling, didactic instruction, and bibliotherapy. Paired t -tests using pre-test and post-test scores from 105 children and their parents demonstrated improvements in preschoolers' knowledge of general safety concepts as well as personal safety rules. No negative side effects or increases in sexualized behaviors were reported. At the three-month follow-up, parents reported maintenance of their child's knowledge and continued satisfaction with the program. Suggestions for future prevention studies are offered.
Hierarchical Power and Subcarrier Allocation for Multicarrier Two-Layer Chip-Interleaved Multiuser UWB System

A two-layer interleaving scheme is proposed for the downlink transmission of a multicarrier chip-interleaved UWB system. In this scheme data from different users are separated in the frequency-domain while the different data streams for the same user are separated in the interleaver-domain. A joint power and subcarrier allocation algorithm is developed to exploit the multiuser diversity and thereby improve the system performance. It is seen from the simulation studies that the joint power and subcarrier allocation scheme can significantly improve the system performance.
SPILLOVER OF EXPLOITABLE FISHES FROM A MARINE PARK AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ADJACENT FISHERY

The role of a marine protected area in enhancing local fisheries, through the emigration or spillover of exploitable fishes, was studied in a coral reef park (Mombasa Marine Park, Kenya) and fishery over a seven-year period during a time when the park's border changed and pull seines were eliminated. We measured catches before and after the park's establishment and during the management changes and compared these catches with the unmanaged side of the park. Additionally, we placed baited traps on both sides of the park over a full tidal cycle which allowed us to measure the spillover from the park compared to the deeper, rougher, and less fished reef edge. The total wet mass of catches per trap, the mean size of the trapped fish, and the number of fish species caught per trap declined as a function of the distance away from the park edge on both the southern and northern sides. However, this relationship was truncated on the unmanaged side which also had smaller catches, smaller fish, and fewer species th...
Implementing the IT fundamentals knowledge area

The recently promulgated IT model curriculum contains IT fundamentals as one of its knowledge areas. It is intended to give students a broad understanding of (1) the IT profession and the skills that students must develop to become successful IT professionals and (2) the academic discipline of IT and its relationship to other disciplines. As currently defined, the IT fundamentals knowledge area requires 33 lecture hours to complete.The model curriculum recommends that the material relevant to the IT fundamentals knowledge area be offered early in the curriculum, for example in an introduction to IT course; however, many institutions will have to include additional material in an introductory IT course. For example, the Introduction of IT course at Georgia Southern University is used to introduce students to the available second disciplines (an important part of the Georgia Southern IT curriculum aimed at providing students with in-depth knowledge of an IT application domain), some productivity tools, and SQL.For many programs there may be too much material in an introductory IT course. This paper describes how Georgia Southern University resolved this dilemma.
Teacher Practices and Middle-School Science Achievements.

We report on the construction and application on an instrument entitled the “Science Achievement Influences Survey” to assess combined effects of student attitudes about science, peer interaction, and home support, and the frequency of student‐centred and teacher‐centred instructional practices on student achievement. Controlling for pre‐test content knowledge, results indicated that student‐centred teaching practices have a positive association with student achievement (p < .01; i.e., group experiments) and a negative association with teacher‐centred teaching practices (p < .01; i.e., copying notes). Additionally, student attitudes about science were positively associated with student‐centred teaching practices (p < .01) and negatively associated with teacher‐centred teaching practices (p < .01). Most significantly, this study documents the predicted gains in science achievement associated with frequency of specific instructional practices used by middle‐school science teachers. Especially noteworthy and...
Changes in primary productivity associated with liming and reacidification of an Adirondack lake.

The addition of calcium carbonate to a clearwater acidic lake had a significant effect on phytoplankton abundance and on the biomass-specific rate of production. Chlorophyll concentrations and productivity: biomass ratios were strongly correlated with changes in lake acidity associated with liming and reacidification (r2 = 0·89 and 0·73, respectively). Summer mean chlorophyll increased by 0·9 mg m−3 for each unit increase in lake pH, whereas productivity : biomass ratios decreased from > 2 to <1 with an increase in pH from 5·5 to 7·0. Higher phytoplankton standing crops after liming were attributed to lower grazing rates following the decline of the dominant zooplankton taxa. A model relating biomass-specific productivity to incident light levels was found to be useful in interpreting treatment effects on productivity. Incident light and biomass (based on chlorophyll) accounted for 81% of the variability in productivity at the treated site. Comparisons of photosynthesis-irradiance curves indicated that the maximum photosynthetic capacity was higher following the watershed liming, compared to data collected after lake liming and during reacidification.
The Impact of a Gerontology Course and a Service Learning Program on College Students' Attitudes Toward People With Dementia

We examined the effects of a gerontology course and an intergenerational service-learning project for people with dementia (PWD) on three dimensions of students' attitudes including attitudes toward older people, community service for older people, and working with PWD. Data consisted of a combination of pretest/posttest survey and review of journals that students maintained during the service-learning project. Results indicated that students who completed the gerontology course, and those who completed both the course and the service-learning project, reported significantly more positive attitudes toward older adults, whereas students in the course only had significantly less positive attitudes about working with PWD, and those in the other courses (sociology) showed no change in their attitudes. Students' journals are replete with reports of the satisfaction they derived from their experiences. The findings highlight opportunities and challenges that should be considered in future intergenerational service-learning programs and gerontological education.
COLOR USABILITY ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL DISPLAYS

Modernization of Air Traffic Control (ATC) display systems includes increased use of color to code information. While colors can enhance display designs, human factors issues like legibility and sa...
GABAergic Excitatory Synapses and Electrical Coupling Sustain Prolonged Discharges in the Prey Capture Neural Network of Clione limacina

Afterdischarges represent a prominent characteristic of the neural network that controls prey capture reactions in the carnivorous mollusc Clione limacina. Their main functional implication is transformation of a brief sensory input from a prey into a lasting prey capture response. The present study, which focuses on the neuronal mechanisms of afterdischarges, demonstrates that a single pair of interneurons [cerebral A interneuron (Cr-Aint)] is responsible for afterdischarge generation in the network. Cr-Aint neurons are electrically coupled to all other neurons in the network and produce slow excitatory synaptic inputs to them. This excitatory transmission is found to be GABAergic, which is demonstrated by the use of GABA antagonists, uptake inhibitors, and double-labeling experiments showing that Cr-Aint neurons are GABA-immunoreactive. The Cr-Aint neurons organize three different pathways in the prey capture network, which provide positive feedback necessary for sustaining prolonged spike activity. The first pathway includes electrical coupling and slow chemical transmission from the Cr-Aint neurons to all other neurons in the network. The second feedback is based on excitatory reciprocal connections between contralateral interneurons. Recurrent excitation via the contralateral cell can sustain prolonged interneuron firing, which then drives the activity of all other cells in the network. The third positive feedback is represented by prominent afterdepolarizing potentials after individual spikes in the Cr-Aint neurons. Afterdepolarizations apparently represent recurrent GABAergic excitatory inputs. It is suggested here that these afterdepolarizing potentials are produced by GABAergic excitatory autapses.
Regulation of calcium uptake in bovine aortic sarcoplasmic reticulum by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase*

The effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on calcium uptake and protein phosphorylation in bovine aortic microsomes was examined. Acid gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the aortic microsomes contained a Ca2+-dependent, hydroxylamine-sensitive phosphoenzyme (Mr 110 kDa), characteristic of the calcium pump in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but showed no evidence of a sarcolemmal calcium pump. Calcium uptake by these aortic vesicles was markedly stimulated by oxalate, whereas calcium uptake by canine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles was oxalate-independent. Both cAMP plus protein kinase (cAMP-PK) and catalytic subnit of protein kinase stimulated oxalate-supported calcium uptake by bovine aortic microsomes 23±3% (P m Ca2+, but had no effect at 6 to 10 μ m Ca2+. Catalytic subunit of protein kinase and cAMP-PK phosphorylated an 11 kDa protein in bovine aortic microsomes which comigrated with canine cardiac phospholamban after boiling in sodium dodecylsulfate. The stoichiometry of the aortic 11 kDa phosphoprotein to 110 kDa phosphoenzyme was approximately 1:1. These data are consistent with the recent identification of phospholamban in various smooth muscles, and suggest that cAMP-mediated vascular relaxation may in part be attributable to stimulation of calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
On guaranteed bandwidth channels

This paper introduces a new scheme and design of a protocol for guaranteed bandwidth channels. Given traffic characteristics of media streams, it is possible to bound delays experienced through each node in the network, using appropriate discretion at channel establishment time. Once a channel with such bounded delays is established, our scheme uses feedback techniques to match the flow of media units at each node with that of the playback rate at the client site. The feedback is triggered by preset marks in the buffers at each node called water marks. The receipt of a feedback by a node changes the rate of flow at that node, thus matching the rate of playback at the client. Jitter is implicitly controlled in such a scheme, as buffering absorbs the different delays experienced by media units. The scheme also provides continuity of playback for multimedia streams, removing this responsibility from the higher software layers at the client. We present analytical proofs that our scheme provides guaranteed bandwidth and prove the protocol safe. Further, simulation results are provided to validate the protocol.
Innocents Abroad?: Creative Ventures into Lands of Wonder

Edited by Massimo Bacigalupo and Luisa Villa, The Politics and Poetics of Displacement: Modernism off the Beaten Track (2011) is a collection of essays on travel writing of the long twentieth century. While some chapters touch upon canonized modernism, engage with questions of medium and genre, and present alternative itineraries, the book as a whole emphasizes Eastern touring and Western writing. It provides detail about the ten case studies that are at its core, examines the literary qualities of lesser-known texts, and opens up an interesting panorama on modernity, adventure, and creativity.
Tracking subsurface ion radiation damage with metal–oxide–semiconductor device encapsulation

We describe measurements aimed at tracking the subsurface energy deposition of ionic radiation by encapsulating an irradiated oxide target within multiple, spatially separated metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. In particular, we look at incident kinetic energy and potential energy effects in the low keV regime for alkali ions (Na+) and multicharged ions (MCIs) of ArQ + (Q = 1, 4, 8, and 11) incident on the as-grown layers of SiO2 on Si. With the irradiated oxide encapsulated under Al top contacts, we record an electronic signature of the incident ionic radiation through capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. Both kinetic and potential energy depositions give rise to shifted C–V signatures that can be directly related to internal electron–hole pair excitations. The MCI data reveal an apparent power law dependence on charge state, which is at odds with some prior thin foil studies obtained at higher incident energies.
Demographic characteristics of female mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi , in the Coweeta Creek drainage, North Carolina

We quantified: (1) growth rate, (2) length-mass relationships, (3) size- and age-specific fecundity, (4) egg size-frequencies, and (5) size- and age-specific egg diameter relationships for reproductively active female C. bairdi from one of the southern-most extant populations of this species (Coweeta Creek drainage, North Carolina). Gravid females were collected during February and March in 1993–1995, and 1998. Cottus bairdi reached an age of 7+ and 79 mm standard length. The youngest and smallest gravid female collected was a 41 mm 1+ individual. Mature 1+ females were not uncommon and we collected 21 during our study. All females older than age 2 were mature. Mean fecundity for C. bairdi at Coweeta was 71 eggs (range 9–166 eggs). We found significant positive relationships between fecundity and female length, weight and age. Female length and weight also significantly affected mean egg diameter, although the relationship was not linear. Neither female size or age significantly affected mean maximum egg diameters. Female C. bairdi from the Coweeta Creek drainage possess a unique suite of reproductive characteristics that may represent adaptations to the local selective regime or ecophenotypic variation.
Induction of a new metallothionein isoform (MT-IV) occurs during differentiation of stratified squamous epithelia

A new member of the metallothionein (MT) gene family was discovered that lies about 20 kb 5' of the MT-III gene in both mouse and human. The MT-IV proteins are highly conserved in both species and have a glutamate insertion at position 5 relative to the classical MT-I and MT-II proteins. Murine MT-IV mRNA appears to be expressed exclusively in stratified squamous epithelia associated with oral epithelia, esophagus, upper stomach, tail, footpads, and neonatal skin. The MT derived from tongue epithelium contains both zinc and copper. Many of these epithelia develop parakeratosis during zinc deficiency in the rat. In situ hybridization reveals intense labeling of MT-IV mRNA in the differentiating spinous layer of cornified epithelia, whereas MT-I is expressed predominantly in the basal, proliferative layer; thus, there is a switch in MT isoform synthesis during differentiation of these epithelia. We suggest that MT-IV plays a special role in regulating zinc metabolism during the differentiation of stratified epithelia.
P05.31. Development of a manualized protocol of massage therapy for clinical trials in osteoarthritis.

Background: Clinical trial design of manual therapies may be especially challenging as techniques are often individualized and practitioner-dependent. This paper describes our methods in creating a standardized Swedish massage protocol tailored to subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee while respectful of the individualized nature of massage therapy, as well as implementation of this protocol in two randomized clinical trials. Methods: The manualization process involved a collaborative process between methodologic and clinical experts, with the explicit goals of creating a reproducible semi-structured protocol for massage therapy, while allowing some latitude for therapists’ clinical judgment and maintaining consistency with a prior pilot study. Results: The manualized protocol addressed identical specified body regions with distinct 30- and 60-min protocols, using standard Swedish strokes. Each protocol specifies the time allocated to each body region. The manualized 30- and 60-min protocols were implemented in a dual-site 24-week randomized dose-finding trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, and is currently being implemented in a three-site 52-week efficacy trial of manualized Swedish massage therapy. In the dose-finding study, therapists adhered to the protocols and significant treatment effects were demonstrated. Conclusions: The massage protocol was manualized, using standard techniques, and made flexible for individual practitioner and subject needs. The protocol has been applied in two randomized clinical trials. This manualized Swedish massage protocol has real-world utility and can be readily utilized both in the research and clinical settings. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00970008 (18 August 2009)
Randomized Algorithms for Throughput-Optimality and Fairness in Wireless Networks

In this paper, we study multi-hop wireless networks with general interference models, and describe a practical randomized routing-scheduling-congestion-control mechanism that is guaranteed to fully utilize the network capacity, and achieve fair allocation of the resources. Using the framework described in this paper, low complexity distributed algorithms can be developed for a large class of interference models and fairness criteria (such as proportional and max-min fairness). Earlier distributed algorithms proposed in this context have been highly interference model dependent, and can guarantee at most 50% utilization of the achievable throughput. This is the first work that assures 100% utilization and also provides fair allocation in multi-hop wireless networks.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis: Assessment of Regional Differences in the Axial Plane within Normal-Appearing Cervical Spinal Cord

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Evaluation of the spinal cord is important in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis. Our purpose was to investigate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes in different regions of normal-appearing spinal cord (NASC) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: Axial DTI of the cervical spinal cord was performed in 24 patients with RRMS and 24 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated in separate regions of interest (ROIs) in the anterior, lateral, and posterior spinal cord, bilaterally, and the central spinal cord, at the C2-C3 level. Patients and control subjects were compared with respect to FA and MD with the use of an exact Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the utility of each measure for the diagnosis of RRMS. RESULTS: DTI metrics in areas of NASC in MS were significantly different in patients compared with control subjects; FA was lower in the lateral (mean ± SD of 0.56 ± 0.10 versus 0.69 ± 0.09 in control subjects, P CONCLUSION: The NASC in RRMS demonstrates DTI changes. This may prove useful in detecting occult spinal cord pathology, predicting clinical course, and monitoring disease progression and therapeutic effect in MS.
Gout and vitamin A intoxication : is there a connection ?

Several lines of indirect evidence implicate vitamin A intoxication, associated mainly with impaired renal function, in the etiopathogenesis of gouty arthritis. The enzyme xanthine oxidase is involved not only in the conversion of xanthine to uric acid but also in that of retinol to its more toxic metabolite, retinoic acid. Retinoic acid should therefore be present in high concentration in hyperuricemic states.
Does Welfare Participation Affect Women's Wages?*

Objectives. This study examines how welfare participation and employment affect women’s wages. Methods. We use longitudinal data from the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation and fixed-effects regression models to test our hypotheses. Results. Our results indicate that time spent on welfare while unemployed results in a wage penalty that is similar to the penalty associated with nonwelfare work breaks. Time spent on welfare while employed has no effect on wages, unlike the strong positive impact of nonwelfare work periods. Conclusions. Working while on welfare does appear to prevent further wage deterioration, but does not lead to substantial wage growth. The 1996 Welfare Reform Act changed the orientation of welfare policy from an education and skill-building strategy toward a ‘‘work-first’’ approach, stressing rapid labor force attachment as the best avenue toward self-sufficiency. Work requirements, time limits, and an increased earnings disregard are all important aspects of welfare reform, intended to promote work and discourage nonwork among welfare recipients (reviewed in Corcoran et al., 2000). Implicit in this overall approach is an assumption that time out of the labor force—for any reason—is detrimental to the future economic prospects of women on welfare. Standard economic theory predicts that women who leave the labor market will receive lower starting wages when they return to work because of job skill deterioration during the period of nonwork, job mismatch, and employer discrimination (Corcoran, 1979; Mincer and Polacheck, 1974). A large body of empirical work has found that prior employment breaks do indeed have a significant negative effect on women’s earnings (Corcoran and Duncan, 1979; Felmlee, 1995; Mincer and Ofek, 1982; Mincer and Polachek, 1974; Stratton, 1995). Like other types of employment breaks, prior
Attitude stabilization of the inverted 3D pendulum on TSO(3) with control saturation

This paper treats the asymptotic stabilization of a specified equilibrium in the inverted equilibrium manifold of the 3D pendulum, taking into account saturation of the control moment. Control saturation is accommodated by a novel feedback structure that is based on the special geometric features of the 3D pendulum, namely that the attitude representation lies in the compact manifold SO(3). This attitude stabilization problem is solved by use of Lyapunov methods applied to closed loop dynamics that evolve on the tangent bundle TSO(3). The construction of a Lyapunov function for the closed-loop, that explicitly involves saturation, exemplifies a method to handle saturation for attitude stabilization on SO(3) when potential forces exist. The controller provides freedom to influence the local dynamics of the closed loop near the specified equilibrium and the global dynamics away from the equilibrium, as well as some freedom to shape the manifold of solutions that do not converge to the specified equilibrium.
Volcanic Eruptions and Climate

Volcanic eruptions represent some of the most climatically important and societally disruptive short-term events in human history. Large eruptions inject ash, dust, sulfurous gases (e.g. SO2, H2S), halogens (e.g. Hcl and Hbr), and water vapor into the Earth's atmosphere. Sulfurous emissions principally interact with the climate by converting into sulfate aerosols that reduce incoming solar radiation, warming the stratosphere and altering ozone creation, reducing global mean surface temperature, and suppressing the hydrological cycle. In this issue, we focus on the history, processes, and consequences of these large eruptions that inject enough material into the stratosphere to significantly affect the climate system. In terms of the changes wrought on the energy balance of the Earth System, these transient events can temporarily have a radiative forcing magnitude larger than the range of solar, greenhouse gas, and land use variability over the last millennium. In simulations as well as modern and paleoclimate observations, volcanic eruptions cause large inter-annual to decadal-scale changes in climate. Active debates persist concerning their role in longer-term (multi-decadal to centennial) modification of the Earth System, however.
Microfabrication and in Vivo Performance of a Microdialysis Probe with Embedded Membrane

Microdialysis sampling is an essential tool for in vivo neurochemical monitoring. Conventional dialysis probes are over 220 μm in diameter and have limited flexibility in design because they are made by assembly using preformed membranes. The probe size constrains spatial resolution and governs the amount of tissue damaged caused by probe insertion. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a method to microfabricate probes in Si that are 45 μm thick × 180 μm wide. The probes contain a buried, U-shaped channel that is 30 μm deep × 60 μm wide and terminates in ports for external connection. A 4 mm length of the probe is covered with a 5 μm thick nanoporous membrane. The membrane was microfabricated by deep reactive ion etching through a porous aluminum oxide layer. The microfabricated probe has cross-sectional area that is 79% less than that of the smallest conventional microdialysis probes. The probes yield 2–20% relative recovery at 100 nL/min perfusion rate for a variety of small molecules. The p...
Recognizing Your Vulnerabilities

Regardless of the level of expertise or number of degrees you have received, no amount of education can make you genuinely care about being ethical. Being ethical means you have made a personal decision that this is who you want to be in the world and that you’re willing to work at it. Recall a time when you became aware of others taking part in some activity that seemed inappropriate, perhaps doing something against the rules or even illegal. For example, someone padded an expense report, accepted a gift from a supplier without reporting it, or inappropriately used company resources. Such actions are not as benign as they can appear. While others around you may have pursued such activities, maybe you held your ground, staying above the moral line.
Abstract 1502: Adenoviral-mediated interferon α induces endoplasmic reticulum stress related cytotoxicity in human cancer but not normal cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC We have previously shown that adenoviral-mediated interferon α (Ad-IFNα) treatment is specifically cytotoxic to various cancer cells, not only to the cancer cells sensitive to the interferon protein (IFNα), but also to the cells which are resistant to IFNα. We also found that there is very little cytotoxic effect of Ad-IFNα on non-cancer cells. The cancer cell specific toxic effects of Ad-IFNα can be classified into three different mechanisms: 1. Expression and secretion of interferon α protein that results in kill of IFNα sensitive cancer cells; 2. Direct kill of IFNα resistant cancer cells by Ad-IFNα and 3. Cancer cell kill by Ad-IFNα produced bystander factors. After Ad-IFNα infection, the host cells produce a large amount of IFN protein. We hypothesized that this protein over-load is cytotoxic to cancer cells and may be a major reason for Ad-IFNα direct effect. We now report that Ad-IFNα infection induces ER stress and ER stress related apoptosis in human cancer but not normal urothelial cells. In addition we found that the Ad-IFNα produced bystander cytotoxicity was not related to ER stress. To investigate whether Ad-IFNα induced cancer specific cytotoxicity was correlated with the activation of ER stress pathways, the expression of several markers of ER stress was studied. Experiments utilized the interferon resistant human bladder cancer cell line, KU7, and the normal human urothelial cell line, TERT-NHU, for the studies. We found that three ER stress response pathways examined were activated in KU7 cells. In contrast, the ER stress response pathways remained silent in the normal TERT-NHU cells or in KU7 cells treated with conditioned medium from Ad-IFNα treated KU7 cells (to test the effect of bystander factor produced cytotoxicity) the ER stress response pathways remained silent. After 24hr of Ad-IFNα exposure, KU7 cancer cells produced spliced X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor (ATF6) protein, and evoked an ER stress response that contribute to Ad-IFNα induced apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, we found GADD153/CHOP and GADD34 were also upregulated following the activation of the three ER stress pathways, thereby signaling downstream effectors in a pro-apoptotic manner. Ad-IFNα recently has been used in Phase I clinical trial for patient with superficial bladder cancer. The results presented here could provide a mechanistic basis for Ad-IFNα action and support the positive clinical results obtained to date. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1502.
Artificial cation-conducting channels: design, synthesis, and characterization.

A nonpeptidic, cation-conducting channel has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The channel was found to conduct protons and Na+ through phospholipid bilayers. The evaluation of Na+ transport was conducted using a dynamic 23Na-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) in phospholipid vesicles and a planar bilayer using a patch clamp amplifier. Several control compounds were prepared to determine which of the structural “modules” were necessary. Experiments using fluorescent residues and fluorescence energy transfer were undertaken to locate the channel within the bilayer and to demonstrate that the channel functions as a monomeric unit.
Effects of Age, Time of Day, Feeding History, and Gamma Irradiation on Attraction of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), to Bacterial Odor in Laboratory Experiments

Factors affecting attraction of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), to the odor of a bacterium isolated from the fly, were evaluated in laboratory experiments. The odor was not attractive to newly emerged adults. For sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies, attraction to the bacterial odor began when flies were 1d old, peaked when flies were 5–7 d old, then declined steadily as flies aged further. Generally, bacterial odor was attractive to sugar-fed flies and unattractive to sugar-deprived flies. The odor was most attractive to sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies but was also highly attractive to flies fed both sugar and yeast hydrolysate. Flies were attracted to bacterial odor during all times of the photophase although attraction was less very early and very late in the photophase than at other times. Flies irradiated with gamma rays were about 20% less responsive to the odor than unirradiated flies.
Protein aggregation. The effect of deuterium oxide on large protein aggregates of C-phycocyanin.

The amount of 11s aggregate in phycocyanin, normally stimulated by hydrophobic forces, is dramatically increased by the presence of deuterium oxide. Proteins in which hydrophobic forces are not proposed as a mechanism for aggregation are unaffected by deuterium oxide. These observations are consistent with the lower critical micelle concentration reported for ionic detergents in deuterium oxide. Phycocyanin samples containing a majority of material sedimenting faster than 11s were also investigated in the presence of deuterium oxide with the following findings: the most rapidly sedimenting species in water buffer is 24s; in deuterium oxide more than 10% of the protein sediments at 67s and substantial amounts of other species with sedimentation coefficients larger than 24s are present. These large quantities of species sedimenting faster than 24s are found in deuterium oxide buffers from pD5·5 to 7·0. Sucrose-density-gradient studies in deuterium oxide at pD6·0 confirm the presence of large amounts of more rapidly sedimenting species. Spectrophotometric studies on fractions from the sucrose-density-gradient experiments indicate with the presence of higher aggregates a red shift of the visible-absorption maximum and an enhancement of the E620/E280 ratio. Fluorescence-emission studies show a greater relative fluorescence efficiency for these higher aggregates and are consistent with the suggested enhancement of higher aggregates in deuterium oxide. The existence of phycocyanin aggregates of such a large size is suggested to be of importance in vivo, with phycocyanin playing a role as a structural protein.
Ultrasound diagnosis and percutaneous treatment of Achilles tendon tethering: a case series

The purpose of this article is to report 3 cases of Kager's fat pad scarring and tethering to the deep surface of the Achilles tendon in patients with Achilles tendinosis symptomatology. The 3 patients were diagnosed sonographically by the use of a dynamic maneuver we described and named the "Kager's squeeze" technique. The key finding for diagnosis is the deformation and bowing of the deep fibers of the Achilles tendon during dynamic squeezing of Kager's fat pad. After diagnosis, the patients were treated with ultrasound-guided hydrodissection and scar release to restore normal motion between Kager's fat pad and the Achilles tendon. All 3 patients experienced significant clinical improvement shortly after treatment. Therefore, we suspect that Kager's fat pad scarring with Achilles tendon tethering may mimic or exacerbate Achilles tendinosis symptomatology and should be considered a possible diagnosis when conservative treatments for Achilles tendinosis fail. We demonstrate that Kager's fat pad scarring with Achilles tendon tethering can be diagnosed and treated with a simple in-office hydrodissection technique, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Borders and Maritime Security Division: Renewable Energy Research Roadmap

Within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate, the Borders and Maritime Security Division (BMD) develops and transitions technologies that help enhance the security of the nation’s borders and waterways without impeding the flow of commerce and travelers. BMD is identifying next-generation renewable-energy solutions for inclusion in its research portfolio. Recognizing the potential of renewable energy to contribute to border security, BMD partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to examine border-security energy demands and to ensure that advances in renewable energy and energy storage lead to increased security in these areas. NREL has examined the energy needs along U.S. borders, especially in remote areas, to identify opportunities to apply renewable energy solutions today and to define the near- and long-term research agendas that will position border components and activities to take advantage of renewable energy technologies in the future. This report is a result of those efforts.
Job Segregation and Gender Differences in Work-Family Spillover Among White-Collar Workers

We test two propositions in this paper: (1) work-family conflict varies with gender composition and hours on the job; and (2) women will experience more tension between work and family responsibilities than will men. Using a sample of white-collar workers, we measured work-family conflict with a composite scale tapping negative job-to-home spillover. Workgroup composition had no effect on men's reported work-family conflict, while work hours was positively associated with work-family conflict. For women, longer work hours and tokenism in the immediate workgroup increased perceptions of work-family conflict, but unexpectedly, the interaction of work hours and tokenism was negatively related to work-family conflict. We explored several possible arguments for this contrary finding.
Proposing stochastic probability-based math model and algorithms utilizing social networking and academic data for good fit students prediction

The research progress presented in this paper comes under the areas of data science. The authors propose enhanced machine learning (supervised learning) framework for the prediction of the students through stochastic probability-based math constructs/model and an algorithm [Good Fit Student (GFS)], along with the enhanced quantification of target variables and algorithmic metrics. Academia in today’s modern world sees the problem of dropouts, low retention, poor student performances, lack of motivation, and unnecessary change of study majors and re-admissions. The authors consider this challenge as a research problem and attempt to solve it by utilizing social networking-based personality traits, relevant data and features to improve the predictive modeling approach. The authors recognize that admission choices are often governed by family trends, affordability, basic motivation, market trends, and natural instincts. However, natural gifts and talents are minimally used to select such directions in the academics. The authors based on literature review identify this a research gap and improves with a unique blend of algorithms/methods, an improved modeling of performance metrics, built upon cross-validation to improve fitness, and enhance the process of feature engineering and tuning for reduced errors and optimum fitness, at the end. The authors present the latest progress of their research in this paper. The included results show the progress of the work and ongoing improvements. The authors use machine learning techniques, Microsoft SQL Server, Excel data mining, R and Python to develop and test their model. The authors provide related work and conclude with final remarks and future work.
Aeroelastic response and energy harvesting from a cantilevered piezoelectric laminated plate

Abstract A new nonlinear computational model and code for a piezoelectric–aeroelastic coupled system has been developed. A cantilevered piezoelectric laminated plate in yawed flow ( β ≤ 9 0 0 ) and inverted yawed flow ( β > 9 0 0 ) with a rotated vortex lattice aerodynamic model and new inextensible beam and plate theory is considered in this computational model. For the linear piezoelectric–aeroelastic model a critical flutter or a divergence phenomenon is found for yaw angles β ≤ 9 0 0 or β > 9 0 0 respectively. The divergence speed is independent of the piezoelectric force. Beyond the linear flutter speed, a limit cycle oscillation (LCO) was found for β ≤ 9 0 0 and a large static deflection has been observed for β > 9 0 0 . The power extraction from the piezoelectric network depends on the LCO amplitude, the LCO mode shape and the resistive load, R, for β ≤ 9 0 0 . As flow velocity and resistive load increase, the power extraction increases. From a power efficiency analysis, the best power efficiency is found for a flag like plate when β = 0 0 . This is because this configuration provides the largest LCO amplitude and the best LCO mode shape with a larger bending curvature.
Linear Operators on Banach Spaces

Let \((\mathcal{X},\|\cdot \|)\) and \((\mathcal{Y},\|\cdot \|_{1})\) be two Banach spaces over the same field \(\mathbb{F}\). A mapping \(A: D(A) \subset \mathcal{X} \rightarrow \mathcal{Y}\) satisfying $$\displaystyle{A(\alpha x +\beta y) =\alpha Ax +\beta Ay}$$ for all x,y∈D(A) and \(\alpha,\beta \in \mathbb{F}\), is called a linear operator or a linear transformation.
The Neuroscience of Emotions

It is hard to imagine a field as different from sociology as neuroscience. The differences in theory, method, tradition, and practice could readily breed antagonism between any two fields. However, it is just because of these differences that neuroscience has been able to present important findings about covert brain processes that can expand sociological theory. Traditionally, sociological social psychology has focused on self-consciousness and language as primary mechanisms of human adaptation. This focus might be appropriate to the cerebral image of the human animal, but neuroscience has produced evidence that emotional capacities underlie the intelligence implied by this image and indeed make it possible (Carter and Pasqualini 2004; Damasio 1994).