cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DMD-based rapid 3D bioprinting for precision tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

DMD-based 3D printing is a powerful tool for making high-resolution biomimetic functional tissues and organs with various biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A plethora of tissues have been fabricated using this technology including liver, heart, lung, kidney, blood vessels, cartilage, and placenta. In this article, we show prevascularization of the artificial tissue constructs using DMD-based 3D printing, which is essential to maintain the long term viability and function of a thick tissue. We also show a 3D printed biomimetic hepatic model that recapitulates the microarchitecture as well as the heterogeneous cell population of various cell types in the native liver tissue. It is important for the biomaterials to mimic the native microenvironment. Finally, we demonstrate that 3D printed tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix can improve cell response and behavior.
Conceptual Evaluation of Tsunami Debris Field Damming and Impact Forces

Abstract The damage caused by tsunamis to coastal communities is often not only the result of the flowing water itself, but also of transported debris. Although there have been efforts to character...
An Embedded 200 GHz Power Amplifier with 9.4 dBm Saturated Power and 19.5 dB Gain in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents a 200 GHz power amplifier in 65 nm bulk CMOS technology aiming for maximizing the saturated power (Psat).A matched-cascode amplification cell (amp-cell) is designed to increase supply voltage and P sat , while maintaining the power gain. Embedding is used around the amp-cell to boost power gain and increase total Psat by overcoming matching loss. A low input impedance, balanced slot power combiner is proposed to increase P sat even further. The PA is implemented using 8 cascaded embedded amp-cells and features 9.4dBm maximum P sat and 6.3dBm OP1dB, and has 19.5dB power gain at 202GHz.
A Dynamically Downscaled Ensemble of Future Projections for the California Current System

Given the ecological and economic importance of eastern boundary upwelling systems like the California Current System (CCS), their evolution under climate change is of considerable interest for resource management. However, the spatial resolution of global earth system models (ESMs) is typically too coarse to properly resolve coastal winds and upwelling dynamics that are key to structuring these ecosystems. Here we use a high-resolution (0.1˚) regional ocean circulation model coupled with a biogeochemical model to dynamically downscale ESMs and produce climate projections for the CCS under the high emission scenario, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. To capture model uncertainty in the projections, we downscale three ESMs: GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, and IPSL-CM5A-MR, which span the CMIP5 range for future changes in both the mean and variance of physical and biogeochemical CCS properties. The forcing of the regional ocean model is constructed with a “time-varying delta” method, which removes the mean bias of the ESM forcing and resolves the full transient ocean response from 1980 to 2100. We found that all models agree in the direction of the future change in offshore waters: an intensification of upwelling favorable winds in the northern CCS, an overall surface warming, and an enrichment of nitrate and corresponding decrease in dissolved oxygen below the surface mixed layer. However, differences in projections of these properties arise in the coastal region, producing different responses of the future biogeochemical variables. Two of the models display an increase of surface chlorophyll in the northern CCS, consistent with a combination of higher nitrate content in source waters and an intensification of upwelling favorable winds. All three models display a decrease of chlorophyll in the southern CCS, which appears to be driven by decreased upwelling favorable winds and enhanced stratification, and, for the HadGEM2-ES forced run, decreased nitrate content in upwelling source waters in nearshore regions. While trends in the downscaled models reflect those in the ESMs that force them, the ESM and downscaled solutions differ more for biogeochemical than for physical variables.
Effect of Remittances on Poverty and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Summary This paper assesses the effect of the steadily growing remittance flows to sub-Saharan Africa. Though the region receives only a small portion of the total recorded remittances to developing countries, and the volume of aid flows to sub-Saharan Africa swamps remittances, this paper finds that remittances, which are a stable, private transfer, have a direct poverty-mitigating effect, and promote financial development. These findings hold even after factoring in the reverse causality between remittances, poverty, and financial development. The paper posits that formalizing such flows can serve as an effective access point for “unbanked” individuals, and households.
Rapid 3D dynamic arterial spin labeling with a sparse model-based image reconstruction

Dynamic arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI measures the perfusion bolus at multiple observation times and yields accurate estimates of cerebral blood flow in the presence of variations in arterial transit time. ASL has intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and is sensitive to motion, so that extensive signal averaging is typically required, leading to long scan times for dynamic ASL. The goal of this study was to develop an accelerated dynamic ASL method with improved SNR and robustness to motion using a model-based image reconstruction that exploits the inherent sparsity of dynamic ASL data. The first component of this method is a single-shot 3D turbo spin echo spiral pulse sequence accelerated using a combination of parallel imaging and compressed sensing. This pulse sequence was then incorporated into a dynamic pseudo continuous ASL acquisition acquired at multiple observation times, and the resulting images were jointly reconstructed enforcing a model of potential perfusion time courses. Performance of the technique was verified using a numerical phantom and it was validated on normal volunteers on a 3-Tesla scanner. In simulation, a spatial sparsity constraint improved SNR and reduced estimation errors. Combined with a model-based sparsity constraint, the proposed method further improved SNR, reduced estimation error and suppressed motion artifacts. Experimentally, the proposed method resulted in significant improvements, with scan times as short as 20s per time point. These results suggest that the model-based image reconstruction enables rapid dynamic ASL with improved accuracy and robustness.
Selection of Wetting Adjuvants

Wetting of crop foliage by aqueous emulsion sprays can be quantitatively described, and the conditions for perfect wetting can be predicted. An empirical relationship from the literature for wetting of high-energy organicsurfaces has been found to be applicable to wetting of both broad leaves and grasses. A graph of the cosine of the spray droplet contact angle against the surface tension can be extrapolated to predict the surface tension necessary to achieve a zero contact angle (perfect wetting). Surfactants and emulsifiers typically used in pesticide formulations cannot reduce aqueous surface tension sufficiently to achieve a zero contact angle. Certain silicone and fluorocarbon surfactants were found to reduce aqueous surface tension sufficiently to produce a zero or near-zero contact angle.
From discrete specifications to hybrid control

A great challenge for modern systems theory is the design of controllers for continuous systems but with logical specifications. In this paper, we are interested in developing algorithmic methods which given a discrete-time controllable linear system and a discrete specification (in the form of a finite transition system or a temporal logic formula), automatically design controllers resulting in desired, closed-loop behavior. This can be achieved using a natural approach involving three steps. In the first step, given a controllable linear system and discrete specification, we extract a finite transition system model which is equivalent (bisimilar) to the continuous system. The second step solves the controller synthesis problem for finite transition systems using well known and well developed algorithms. The third step, which is the focus of this paper, refines the discrete controller of the finite transition system, to a (necessarily) hybrid controller for the original continuous system. The hybrid controller composed with the continuous plant results in a closed-loop hybrid system that, by construction, satisfies the desired, discrete specification.
Reduced IL-10 production contributes to impaired NK cytotoxicity in old mice fed a high folic acid diet (638.3)

Natural killer (NK) cells are important for immunity against malignant and virally infected cells. High folic acid intake, which may be linked with higher risk of colon cancer, was associated with lower NK activity in older women. To study the underlying mechanisms, we created a mouse model and found that aged mice fed a high folic acid (HFA) diet had reduced NK activity. In this study, we determined if expression of cytokines that are known to activate NK activity (IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α) are affected by a HFA diet in aged mice. Female C57BL/6 mice (16 mo) were fed a control (1x RDA folic acid) or a HFA diet (20x RDA folic acid) for 3 months. Splenocytes were collected and stimulated with LPS for 24 h for ex vivo production of IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α determined by cytometric bead array. In HFA mice, IL-10 production was 50.7% less than that of the control mice (P=0.028) but no differences were found in IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Since IL-10 activates NK cells, we examined whether addition of IL-10 to the s...
Examining attitudes about and influences on research participation among forensic psychiatric inpatients.

Although a growing body of research has examined various types of coercive practices that may occur among psychiatric patients over the years, almost no attention has been given to coercive influences that may occur specifically in the context of recruitment into research projects. Particularly for those who are institutionalized (e.g., in-patient insanity acquittees), there are significant concerns that their autonomous decision-making to consent or not may be significantly impaired due to the highly restrictive and controlled environment in which they live. This exploratory study sought to examine patients’ perceptions of coercive influences by presenting them with hypothetical research vignettes regarding possible recruitment into either a biomedical or social-behavioral research project. Among 148 multi-ethnic male and female participants across two facilities, participants reported relatively minimal perceptions that their autonomous decision-making would be impacted or that various potentially coercive factors (e.g., pressures from staff) would impair their free choice to participate (or not) in such research. To the extent that such perceptions of coercion did occur, they were moderately associated with patients’ more general personality traits and attitudinal variables, such as alienation and external locus of control. Limitations of this study and their implications for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the Impact of Urban Amenities on Metropolitan Wages

My research will be presented as follows. Section II will review noteworthy research on urban amenities. Section III will present my theoretical model. Section IV will discuss data sources. Section V will present the empirical model developed by applying available data to the paper’s theoretical model. Section VI will show results obtained from the empirical model. And finally, Section VII will summarize conclusions from my study as well as their implications for public policy and future research. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol15/iss1/14 52 The Park Place Economist, Volume XV
Abstract 13916: A Novel Biomarker of Oxidative Stress is Predictive of Incident Death and Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: Oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in cellular damage and atherosclerosis, yet clinical experience of free radical scavengers has been uniformly disappointing, promoting the concept that clinically important OS may be mediated by alternative non-free radical processes. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that novel aminothiol markers of non-free radical mediated OS would predict incident adverse outcomes in patients at high risk for CAD Methods: 1411 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (mean age 63 years, male 66%), were recruited from the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank study. Plasma levels of reduced (cysteine and glutathione) and oxidized (cystine and glutathione disulphide) aminothiols were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at baseline and patients followed prospectively for a primary composite endpoint of death or non-fatal MI. Results: During a mean follow up of 3.9± 2.2 years, 19% died or suffered a non-fatal MI. The adjusted hazard ratios for all cause death/MI based on high vs low cut-points for the oxidized disulphide cystine was 1.65 (95% CI, 1.27-2.15); for reduced glutathione was 0.69 (0.52-0.92), and for the ratio of cystine/glutathione was 1.79 (1.39-2.30). Compared to a model containing clinical risk factors and CRP, addition of the cystine/glutathione ratio improved the C-Statistic (p=0.03) and also correctly reclassified 17% of events and 23% of non-events. When combined with high/low CRP into a 3 level multi-marker score, those with 2 high markers had an annualized event rate of 12.8% compared to 4.5% and 1.4% for those with 1 raised marker or none, respectively. Similar associations were found for all-cause and cardiovascular death endpoints and also in stratified analysis for those with and without significant CAD. Conclusions: A high extracellular oxidant burden and reduced intracellular antioxidant capacity quantified by the plasma aminothiols, cystine, glutathione and their respective ratio, is associated with adverse events in patients with CAD, a finding that is independent of and additive to any inflammatory burden. Further studies are needed to validate these findings, which support an alternative model of oxidative stress independent of free radical biology.
The decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine by detergent-treated extracts of rat liver.

Abstract 1. The production of 14CO2 from S-adenosyl[carboxyl-14C]methionine by rat liver extracts was investigated. It was found that, in addition to the well-known cytosolic putrescine-activated S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, an activity carrying out the production of 14CO2 could be extracted from a latent, particulate or membrane-bound form by treatment with buffer containing 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 [confirming the report of Sturman (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 428, 56–69]. 2. The formation of 14CO2 by such detergent-solubilized extracts differed from that by cytosolic S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in a number of ways. The reaction by the solubilized extracts did not require putrescine and was not directly proportional to time of incubation or the amount of protein added. Instead, activity a showed a distinct lag period and was much greater when high concentrations of the extracts were used. The cytosolic S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was activated by putrescine, showed strict proportionality to protein added and the reaction proceeded at a constant rate. Cytosolic activity was not inhibited by homoserine or by S-adenosylhomocysteine, whereas the Triton-solubilized activity was strongly inhibited. 3. By using an acetone precipitate of Triton-treated homogenates as a source of the activity, it was found that decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine was not present among the products of the reaction, although 5′-methylthioadenosine and 5-methylthioribose were found. Such extracts were able to produce 14CO2 when incubated with [U-14C]-homoserine, and 14CO2 production was greater when S-adenosyl[carboxyl-14C]methionine that had been degraded by heating at pH6 at 100°C for 30min (a procedure known to produce mainly 5′-methylthioadenosine and homoserine lactone) was used as a substrate than when S-adenosyl[carboxyl-14C]methionine was used. 4. These results indicate that the Triton-solubilized activity is not a real S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, but that 14CO2 is produced via a series of reactions involving degradation of the S-adenosyl-[carboxyl-14C]methionine. It is probable that this degradation can occur via several pathways. Our results would suggest that part of the reaction occurs via the production of S-adenosylhomocysteine, which can then be converted into 2-oxobutyrate via the transsulphuration pathway, and that part occurs via the production of homoserine by an enzyme converting S-adenosylmethionine into 5′-methylthioadenosine and homoserine lactone.
Biocybernetic Factors in Human Perception and Memory

The objective of this research is to develop biocybernetic techniques for use in the analysis and development of skills required for the enhancement of concrete images of the 'eidetic' type. The scan patterns of the eye during inspection of scenes are treated as indicators of the brain's strategy for the intake of visual information. The authors determine the features that differentiate visual scan patterns associated with superior imagery from scan patterns associated with inferior imagery, and simultaneously differentiate the EEG features correlated with superior imagery from those correlated with inferior imagery. A closely-coupled man-machine system has been designed to generate image enhancement and to train the individual to exert greater voluntary control over his own imagery. The models for EEG signals and saccadic eye movement in the man-machine system have been completed. The report describes the details of these models and discusses their usefulness.
Long-term survivors of fetal cardiac bypass in lambs.

The initial experience with cardiac bypass in fetal lambs resulted in early fetal death from placental insufficiency. Subsequent work in our laboratory indicated that vasoactive cyclooxygenase products were released as mediators of this response. The placental dysfunction could be blocked by the administration of indomethacin, allowing longer fetal survival. This unmasked a more subacute (but fatal) problem: fetal surgical stress resulted in diminished fetal cardiac output and progressive metabolic acidosis and contributed to the placental vasoconstriction. In acute studies, when indomethacin was given and the stress response was inhibited by the use of total spinal anesthesia, the fetus maintained normal blood gas levels, cardiac output, placental blood flow, and acid-base status for several hours after bypass. We hypothesized that beyond this point, no further fetal or placental compromise would occur and that this management technique would thus allow long-term fetal survival. With the use of total spinal anesthesia and sterile technique for long-term study, 12 fetal lambs at 120 days (80 %) gestation underwent exposure, line placement, and cannulation for fetal cardiac bypass. Indomethacin was given intravenously on obtaining venous access. After 20 minutes of normothermic cardiac bypass at flow rates of 250 to 300 ml/kg/min, the fetus was weaned from bypass, the cannulas and lines were removed, the uterus and abdomen were closed, and the ewe and fetus were allowed to recover. There was one maternal death (pneumonia) and one early abortion (of twins); the remaining 10 ewes progressed to term. At term, five healthy lambs that had undergone fetal cardiac bypass were delivered (including one twin), four ewes delivered a mummified study fetus and one or two healthy siblings, and one delivered a dead term fetus. With the use of techniques that inhibit fetal stress and block placental vasoconstriction, cardiac bypass can be performed in single-gestation fetal lambs with a high degree of recovery and survival (80% in this study). The cause of the elevated abortion rate associated with twin gestation is unclear.
Effects of diet-induced obesity on the expression patterns of a lactoferrin receptor variant, omentin-1, in growing mice (133.2)

The pathophysiology ascribed to increased adiposity is due in part to perturbation of tissue-specific and systemic levels of pleiotropic cytokines. A circulating variant of the lactoferrin receptor...
Why Investments in Family Planning Are Sound Policy

family planning under the War on Poverty launched by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. He demanded programs that were “demonstrably cost-effective,” and he charged the Office of Economic Opportunity’s (OEO’s) Division of Research, Planning and Program Evaluation with assessing the effectiveness of various program options for reducing the number of people in poverty. Family planning was found to be the most effective program being considered. SargentShriver,theOEO’sdirector,thencourageouslydecidedtofund these services but not before the economist who headed the research and evaluationunit,Dr.JamesKershaw,hadbriefedhiswife,EuniceShriver, and 2 Roman Catholic priests about the cost-benefit analysis one Saturday morning at the Shriver home. Five OEO community projects were initially funded. By 1968 there were 159 such projects, and expansion continued with the passage of Title X of the Public Health Service Act in 1970 under President Richard Nixon, which established a network of family planning providers around the country. 1 From these modest beginnings, the public (federal and state) investment in family planning services for low-income individuals had grown to an estimated $2.37 billion in fiscal year 2010 for services provided by 8,400 health centers. The majority of this spending now comes from the Medicaid program. 2 Whilefamilyplanningisknowntosavemoremoneythanitcosts,the question remains of just how much money is saved. Over time, technical approachestoestimatingthebenefitsandcostsavingsoffamilyplanning programshavebecomemoresophisticated.ThearticleinthisissueofThe Milbank Quarterly “Return on Investment: A Fuller Assessment of the
Crepuscular Behavioral Variation and Profiling of Opsin Genes in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

We understand little about photo-preference and the molecular mechanisms governing vision-dependent behavior in vector mosquitoes. Investigations of the influence of photo-preference on adult mosquito behaviors such as endophagy and exophagy and endophily and exophily will enhance our ability to develop and deploy vector-targeted interventions and monitoring techniques. Our laboratory-based analyses have revealed that crepuscular period photo-preference differs between An. gambiae and An. stephensi. We employed qRT-PCR to assess crepuscular transcriptional expression patterns of long wavelength-, short wavelength-, and ultraviolet wavelength-sensing opsins (i.e., rhodopsin-class G-protein coupled receptors) in An. gambiae and in An. stephensi. Transcript levels do not exhibit consistent differences between species across diurnal cycles, indicating that differences in transcript abundances within this gene set are not correlated with these behavioral differences. Using developmentally staged and gender-specific RNAseq data sets in An. gambiae, we show that long wavelength-sensing opsins are expressed in two different patterns (one set expressed during larval stages, and one set expressed during adult stages), while short wavelength- and ultraviolet wavelength-sensing opsins exhibit increased expression during adult stages. Genomic organization of An. gambiae opsins suggests paralogous gene expansion of long wavelength-sensing opsins in comparison with An. stephensi. We speculate that this difference in gene number may contribute to variation between these species in photo-preference behavior (e.g., visual sensitivity).
Physical processing of monographs by library technical services

Abstract Physical processing consists of four components: circulation requirements, location markings, property markings, and security devices. This paper reviews the marking practices for circulating books from libraries responding to a survey posted to AutoCat and OCLC-Cat email lists. The minimum physical processing tasks identified are as follows: one barcode placed on the front cover; institution name stamped in ink on the title page and at least one edge of the book; one spine label covered with a label protector; one self-adhesive date due slip affixed to the inside back cover; and a security device inserted in the book. Responses are summarized and tabulated.
Nitrogen and Carbon Monoxide as Nucleophihc Reagents in Gas Phase Displacement Reactions: a Novel Means of Nitrogen Fixation

WE have recently reported1 the general occurrence of a gas phase ionic process which has the character of a nucleophilic displacement reaction and suggested the intriguing possibility of using the simple diatomic molecules N2 and CO as nucleophilic reagents. The displacement reaction generalized in reaction (1) Open image in new window occurs provided that the reaction is exothermic and proton transfer from the substrate, CH3M, to the nucleophile, N, is endothermic. The use of CH3F as substrate in conjunction with either N2 or CO as nucleophile meets both of these criteria (Table 1 of ref. 1). We report here the use of N2 and CO as nucleophiles in reaction (1) to generate the chemically interesting organic species CH3N2+ (methyl diazonium ion) and CH3CO+ (acyl cation).
Erratum to “Environmental determinants of cost sharing”

Multiple cost-sharing rules often coexist in seemingly identical environments. We use shared irrigation costs as a context for examining the extent to which the structural environment explains cost-sharing rule selection. We find that environmental factors affecting irrigation costs and benefits, as well as those determining irrigator distribution along the ditch, have impressive explanatory power. These results present some of the first formal empirical analysis of the manner in which structural features influence the actual cost-sharing choices of economic agents. Moreover, our results also suggest that previous axiomatic studies are reflective of real-world cost-sharing behavior.
Antiferromagnetic order in a semiconductor quantum well with spin–orbit coupling

Abstract An argument is made on the existence of a low-temperature itinerant antiferromagnetic (AF) spin alignment, rather than persistent helical (PH), in the ground state of a two dimensional electron gas in a semiconductor quantum well with linear spin–orbit Rashba–Dresselhaus interaction at equal coupling strengths, α . This result is obtained on account of the opposite-spin single-particle state degeneracy at k = 0 that makes the spin instability possible. A theory of the resulting magnetic phase is formulated within the Hartree–Fock approximation of the Coulomb interaction. In the AF state the direction of the fractional polarization is obtained to be aligned along the displacement vector of the single-particle states.
II. PET Studies of Memory: Novel versus Practiced Free Recall of Word Lists

Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) with the tracer Ha215O was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow in 13 healthy volunteers while they engaged in free recall of 15-item word lists from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning task. The study was designed so that recall of well-practiced versus novel material could be compared. One week before the PET study, subjects were trained to perfect recall of List A, while they were exposed to list B only 60s prior to PET data acquisition. As in the companion study of free recall of complex narratives, we observed that practice tended to decrease the size of activations in regions involved in the memory component of the task; we also observed that the novel recall task produced greater activation in left frontal regions, probably due to active encoding. A commonality of other regions observed in this pair of studies, as well as other studies of memory in the literature, suggests that the human brain may contain a distributed multinodal general memory system. Nodes on this network include the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices, the thalamus, the anterior and posterior cingulate, the precuneus, and the cerebellum. There appears to be a commonality of components across tasks (e.g., retrieval, encoding) that is independent of content, as well as differentiation of some components that may be content-specific or task-specific. In addition, these results support a significant role for the cerebellum in cognitive functions such as memory.
Hot-carrier effects in Hydrogen-passivated p-channel polycrystalline-Si MOSFET's

The dependence of hot-carrier effects on channel length and stress-bias voltage in hydrogen-passivated accumulation-mode p-channel polycrystalline-Si MOSFET's operating in the saturation region has been studied, Before stress, these devices exhibit a minimum value of current at V GS ≈ 0 V but as V GS increases above 0 V, they show an increase in (leakage) current due to field-enhanced generation of carriers near the drain. After stress, the current at V GS ≈ 0 V increases slightly with respect to its pre-stress value. However, the current then monotonically decreases as V GS increases above 0 V unlike the situation before stress. No change in reverse mode (source and drain reversed) characteristics and no change in the ON-state (V GS < 0 V) forward-mode characteristic was observed after stress. These observations are shown to be due to hot-carrier-induced acceptor-type interface states near the drain in forward-mode operation.
Significant Physiological Disturbances in Cases with and Without Non-Routine Events: An Analysis of Videotaped Anesthetics

It is important to understand the interactions among multiple factors affecting patient safety in the operating room. This paper describes data obtained using videotaped surgical cases that contained Non-Routine Events (NREs) versus Routine cases, as reported by anesthesia professionals. Random samples of videotapes were further analyzed for deviations of physiological parameters (vital signs) outside the accepted safe clinical range. The NRE cases contained significantly more vital sign deviations than routine cases. Additionally, vital signs were outside the standard clinical range a greater proportion of case time in NRE cases than in Routine cases. Nevertheless, there was a surprisingly high incidence of vital sign deviations during both types of cases. Such “routine” cases would otherwise not be reviewed or come under scrutiny in typical quality improvement efforts, even though they may contain valuable data about safety critical events.
Police Officer Job Satisfaction: Does agency size make a difference?:

One of the more interesting aspects of employment is job satisfaction. Despite the growing body of knowledge on job satisfaction, much of it has been limited to certain occupations such as factory ...
Constriction of the Positive Column of a Glow Discharge at High Pressure

It is proposed that the constriction of the positive column into a wall-independent filament which sets in with increasing density comes about as a consequence of concentrational effects accompanying electron energy loss. As a first approximation this energy loss has been treated as a damping field acting on the electron motions only. In helium, using either M-B or Smit distributions, the constriction is predicted to lie in a range of densities in which it is indeed known to occur. A semi-empirical calculation of the critical values is made for other gases as well, with reasonable agreement with the limited data available.
Self-routing photonic switching with optically processed control

As transmission rates in fiber-optic networks increase, routing optical signals using electronic processing will become increasingly difficult. This limitation can be overcome by performing the required processing optically. Self-routing of optical signals through a switching node using optically processed control is demonstrated. Packet headers are encoded with packet destination addresses using either optical code-division or time-division encoding schemes. An optical routing controller reads the destination addresses and appropriately sets the photonic switch using an optical look-up table. The results of several experiments demonstrating optical control of a photonic switch are described.
Bibliography review on applications of correlation analysis in power system operation and planning

Fast growth of large-scale distributed renewable energy resources, electric power markets, and responsive demand impose significant amount of correlated uncertainties on operation of the power system from both resource side and load side. Understanding the correlations between these uncertainties and applying sophisticated correlation analysis of multiple dependent uncertainties is a defining issue for the development of methodologies and technologies for power system operation in the new era. Application of correlation analysis in operation of the power system is not as fully explored as many other methodologies. The complexity of mathematic modeling of multiple correlated random variables challenges the power system professionals. The research is further challenged by lacking of operational experience and empirical investigation challenges. This paper provides a bibliography survey on application of correlation analysis in operation of the power system. The scope of the review covers IEEE power systems proceedings, IEEE and IEE transactions published after 1980. There are 77 relevant papers identified. These papers are put into seven technical categories: power system reliability, wind generation, power market analysis, load forecast, resource planning and dispatch, transmission load flow, other non-operation-related topics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) in a Community Sample with Elevated Depressive Symptoms

The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) was previously developed to measure changes in avoidance and activation over the course of Behavioral Activation for depression. Initial scale development, definition of the factor structure and confirmation of the factor structure was performed with a non-depressed undergraduate sample. These prior results revealed four factors (Activation, Avoidance/Rumination, Work/School Impairment, and Social Impairment) with good factor structure, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, factor structure and construct validity of the BADS with a community sample with elevated depressive symptoms (N = 193). Results indicated good psychometric properties, additional evidence for construct validity of the total scale and subscales, and adequate fit of the data to the original factor structure. Normative data are also provided separately for depressed men and women, and for Caucasians and African Americans.
Immunogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein repeat multiple antigen constructs (MAC).

Abstract In this study we characterized the immunogenic properties of three different multispecies multiple antigen constructs (MACs) carrying the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) repeats of human malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax . We synthesized tetrameric MACs containing the antigenic repeats from the CSP of P. vivax -like parasite in two arms and CSP repeat sequences of either P. vivax type-1 (vivax-like/vivax type-1 MAC), P. vivax type-2 (vivax-like/vivax type-2 MAC), or P. falciparum (vivax-like/falciparum MAC) in the other two arms. Mice of four different genetic backgrounds (H-2 a , H-2 b , H-2 d , and H-2 k ) were immunized with these MACs in Freund's adjuvant. All three MAC preparations were found to elicit antibodies to P. vivax -like CSP repeats in B10.BR, B10.A, and C 57 BL 6 mice. On the other hand, in B10.D2 mice only vivax-like/vivax type-1 MAC, but not the other two MACs induced antibodies to the P. vivax -like CSP repeats. In mice immunized with vivax-like/vivax type-1 MAC, antibodies to P. vivax type-1 CS repeat peptides were induced in B10.BR, B10.A, and C 57 BL 6 mice, but not in B10.D2 mice. Antibody responses to P. vivax type-2 repeats were not induced in any of the four strains of mice that were immunized with vivax-like/vivax type-2 MAC. While B10.BR, B10.A, and C 57 BL 6 mice produced antibodies to NANP repeats of P. falciparum CSP following immunization with vivax-like/falciparum MAC, B10.D2 mice failed to elicit antibodies to this repeat. All the sera that showed positive reactivity to peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found to react with sporozoites by IFA. In conclusion, these results showed that naturally immunogenic epitopes from different species of malaria parasites can be incorporated in a single vaccine construct to induce immune responses against multiple epitopes.
Stewart Mountain Terrace: A New Salt River Terrace with Implications for Landscape Evolution of the Lower Salt River Valley, Arizona

ABSTRACT Stream terraces of the Salt River form the interpretive backbone of Plio-Pleistocene landscape evolution of central Arizona, because they represent the base level of all tributary streams. This paper presents a new addition to T.L. Pewe' s Salt River Terrace sequence (in decreasing topographic position and age: Sawik, Mesa, Blue Point, and Lehi) that has been unrefined for the last 30 years. The existence of an older, higher terrace was predicted by research suggesting that the lower Salt River originated by lake overflow from an ancestral Pliocene lake in the Tonto Basin. Field reconnaissance, aerial photo interpretation, and sedimentological analysis revealed this terrace on the north side of the Salt River, named here the Stewart Mountain Terrace (SMT). Where exposed, the fluvial sediments of SMT overlay Tertiary basin fill unconformably. SMT sediments are characterized by ∼50 m thick fluvial gravels found more than 70 m above remnants of the Sawik Terrace. Although the gravels are distinctly ...
An Investigation of Some Pharmaceutical Applications of Certain Fatty Acid Esters of Sucrose

The usefulness of sucrose monomyristate and sucrose dipalmitate in formulating oral preparations has been studied. The monoester, being quite hydrophilic, is useful as an emulsifier. It is not, however, sufficiently hydrophilic to solubilize volatile oils. The diester, though water-insoluble, is dispersible in hot syrups yielding gel-like products suitable for use as vehicles. Although both the monoester and the diester are claimed to be nontoxic orally, the monoester exhibits toxic effects parenterally. The intraperitoneal LD 50 in the rat was determined. An improvement in the method of synthesis of the monoester is described. Formulations for preparation of the gel-like vehicles are suggested.
Multiple Book Review of Speech perception by ear and eye: A paradigm for psychological inquiry

This book is about the processing of information in face-to-face communication when a speaker makes both audible and visible information available to a perceiver. Both auditory and visual sources of information are evaluated and integrated to achieve speech perception. The evaluation of the information source provides information about the strength of alternative interpretations, rather than just all-or-none categorical information, as claimed by “categorical perception” theory. Information sources are evaluated independently; the integration process insures that the least ambiguous sources have the most influences on the judgment. Similar processes occur in a variety of other behaviors, ranging from personality judgments and categorization to sentence interpretation and decision making. The experimental results are consistent with a fuzzy logical model of perception, positing three operations in perceptual (primary) recognition: feature evaluation, feature integration, and pattern classification. Continuously valued features are first evaluated, then integrated and matched against prototype descriptions in memory; finally, an identification decision is made on the basis of the relative goodness-of-match of the stimulus information with the relevant prototype descriptions.
A finite element survey of eleven endosseous implants

Eleven different post-type endosseous implants were biomechanically analyzed by use of the finite element method to compile a list of features that could be used to design an optimal post-type endosseous implant. Stress magnitudes and contours within each implant and within the surrounding bone were calculated. Implant features causing high stresses and low stresses, possibly contributing to pathologic bone resorption and bone atrophy were noted. Although this preliminary survey was not complete, tentative suggestions in implant design for improved implant performance were made.
Unsteady reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration in a tube

Abstract The unsteady behavior of a tubular hyperfiltration system, with both a pulse and a continuous feed, is analyzed using a significant extension of miscible dispersion theory. The extension permits one to treat unsteady convective diffusion in systems with convection at interfacial boundaries in a relatively straightforward manner. It is shown that such convection can effect an enormous reduction in axial dispersion in such systems. A superposition integral is used to generalize the solution for the pulse input to reverse osmosis systems with continuous feeds which may be subject to arbitrary fluctuations in feed concentrations.
Repair of a severe medial canthal defect

Summary Literature on repair of medial canthal defects appears to be limited. For this reason the subject is discussed briefly and exemplified by an extensive defect repaired with a bi-lobed forehead flap lined with buccal mucosa.
Parameters deducible from the kinetics of enzyme induction and repression.

Abstract A model of enzyme induction and repression is derived in terms of the four microscopic parameters: transcription time of the message, ribosome scanning time over a message, ribosome scanning interval in an active polyribosome and the decay constant of the message. Ordinate scale invariant estimates of the second and fourth of these parameters are readily deduced from experimental data.
Adherence of Candida albicans germ tubes to murine tissues in an ex vivo assay

Adhesion of Candida albicans germ tubes to murine tissues was examined. An ex vivo assay previously employed to examine adhesion of yeast cells of C. albicans was adapted for use with germ tubes. Binding of germ tubes to kidney, liver, spleen, and lymph node tissues was found to occur throughout the tissue section, with little morphologic specificity. In general, more organisms adhered to spleen and lymph node tissues than to kidney and liver tissues. Observation of adhesion with scanning organisms adhered to spleen and lymph node tissues than to kidney and liver tissues. Observation of adhesion with scanning electron microscopy showed three germ tube-tissue interactions described as loose, tight, or embedded.
Mineral apposition rates of human cancellous bone at the interface of porous coated implants

Human cancellous bone ingrowth studies were conducted on 19 consenting bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Titanium porous coated cylinders were implanted into the medial femoral condyle of the contralateral knee during the first of two TKAs. Retrieval was performed at the time of the second TKA (6–131 weeks later), and fluorochrome analysis was conducted. Mean mineral apposition rates (MAR) at the interface measured 1.0 μm/day, whereas 4 mm away, the peripheral bone had a mean MAR of 0.8 μm/day. This represented a 25% acceleration in the interface bone remodeling rate when compared with the periphery (P < .05). This study showed the bone advanced appositionally at the interface at a rate of ≈ 1 μm/day. Analysis showed that when bone was over 50 μm from the porous coating, bone ingrowth did not occur. These results emphasize the need for surgical precision and careful postoperative management to achieve bone ingrowth. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transfer of information within the cockroach central nervous system during shock avoidance learning: Is there a Nerve Impulse Code(s) for Learned Information?

The discussion presented deals with the question of the existence of a neural code for learning. What parameters of nerve impulses might be involved in encoding at least one kind of avoidance learning ?
The value of head ultrasound in infants with macrocephaly.

Objective. To assess the value of head ultrasound (HUS) in neurologically normal infants with macrocephaly and to develop a rational approach to radiological investigation of macrocephalic infants. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of infants with macrocephaly (seen by one pediatric neurologist at this institution) was conducted. Infants with normal neurological examinations, no evidence of raised intracranial pressure and who had undergone a HUS were included. Results. Twenty-seven infants were included in the analysis. Mean age at first assessment was 4.8 months. In 12 of 27 (44 %), HUS was reported as normal. The remaining 15 had clinically insignificant abnormalities on HUS; 7 had prominent ventricles and 7 had increased subarachnoid fluid, with 1 infant having both. Seven infants had CT or MRI in addition to HUS. No clinically significant abnormalities were seen on CT or MRI scans that were not evident on HUS. Four infants had mild developmental abnormalities on initial evaluation. Mean duration of follow-up was 13.1 months. No infant developed neurological abnormalities during the follow-up period. Conclusion. In infants with macrocephaly with a normal neurological examination and no signs of raised intracranial pressure, HUS in conjunction with close neurological follow-up is reliable for the detection or exclusion of relevant intracranial pathology.
Circadian effect of ACTH 1–17 on mitotic index of the corneal epithelium of BALB/C mice☆

Abstract The objective was to determine the effect of ACTH 1–17, an adrenocorticotropin analogue, on the mitotic index in the corneal epithelium of mice standardized in 12 hr of light alternating with 12 hr darkness. A question asked was whether the time of administration along the 24-hr time scale influenced any response found. The findings showed that ACTH 1–17 could, depending upon when it was administered, bring about a statistically significant decrease, an increase or even no such change in the mitotic index. The greatest responses found were increases, especially when ACTH 1–17 was administered during the dark span. Also the time after injection when the responses occurred varied. The greatest response recorded was at 12 hr after injection when ACTH 1–17 was given at 2 hr into the dark with a 641% and a 718% increase with a low (0.02 IU/kg) and a higher (20 IU/kg) dose, respectively. A 3-way analysis of variance supported the conclusion that the kind-of-treatment, time-of-treatment and treatment-to-kill interval (sampling time) are important factors when determining any response to ACTH 1–17 on the mitotic index.
Polarization-Maintaining Erbium-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier

Optical fiber amplifiers using an erbium doped fiber (EDF) have rapidly progressed in recent years and some transmission systems are already using erbium doped fiber amplifiers.
Photon emission microscopy of inter/intra chip device performance variations

We propose a simple, noninvasive, optical technique to measure intra-wafer and intra-chip MOSFET performance variations. Technique utilizes correlation between device performance and weak near-infrared emission from its off-state current. It maps performance variations, producing quantitative data. We experimentally demonstrate our technique on 130 nm SOI microprocessor.
Extrapolation distance calculations

Abstract The procedure of PAHOR (1966) is used to calculate extrapolation distances for one-group transport with anisotropic scattering. Results for a scattering model agree with those from the method of van de Hulst (1968).