cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multitasking with neurotensin in the central nervous system

The 13-amino acid peptide neurotensin (NT) was discovered over 30 years ago and has been implicated in a wide variety of neurotransmitter and endocrine functions. This review focuses on four areas where there has been substantial recent progress in understanding NT signaling and several functions of the endogenous peptide. The first area concerns the functional activation of the high-affinity NT receptor, NTR-1, including the delineation of the NT binding pocket and receptor domains involved in functional coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. The development of NT receptor antagonists and the application of genetic and molecular genetic approaches have accelerated progress in understanding NT function in several areas, including the involvement of NT in antipsychotic drug actions, psychostimulant sensitization and the modulation of pain, and these are reviewed in that order. There is now substantial evidence indicating that NT is required for certain antipsychotic drug actions and that the peptide plays a key role in stress-induced analgesia.
Fault Collapsing for Transition Faults Using Extended Transition Faults

We present a fault collapsing procedure for transition faults based on fault dominance relations. The effectiveness of the procedure is enhanced by introducing what we call extended transition faults. A standard transition fault involves a single line and a transition. A transition fault from the value to the value a' on a line g is represented as g = a rarr g = a'. An extended transition fault involves two different lines with arbitrary values, and it is represented as g1 = a1 rarr g2 = a' 2. We demonstrate the importance of extended transition faults in fault collapsing, and describe two fault collapsing procedures. We consider the effects of fault collapsing on test generation
Dynamic Assessment as a Compensatory Assessment Approach A Description and Analysis

Disenchantment with traditional assessment procedures has prompted an examination of alternative assessment procedures that accurately and adequately measure student learning (Cross, 1990). In view of this significant concern over better assessment approaches, the present article examines the effectiveness of dynamic assessment. First, we present the limitations of traditional assessment techniques and develop an argument for the importance of dynamic assessment. Second, we review five models of dynamic assessment and identify their critical features. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this procedure and propose guidelines that might assist in the more widespread use of dynamic assessment by practitioners.
Parkinson’s Disease Disrupts Both Automatic and Controlled Processing of Action Verbs

The problem of how word meaning is processed in the brain has been a topic of intense investigation in cognitive neuroscience. While considerable correlational evidence exists for the involvement of sensory-motor systems in conceptual processing, it is still unclear whether they play a causal role. We investigated this issue by comparing the performance of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with that of age-matched controls when processing action and abstract verbs. To examine the effects of task demands, we used tasks in which semantic demands were either implicit (lexical decision and priming) or explicit (semantic similarity judgment). In both tasks, PD patients’ performance was selectively impaired for action verbs (relative to controls), indicating that the motor system plays a more central role in the processing of action verbs than in the processing of abstract verbs. These results argue for a causal role of sensory-motor systems in semantic processing.
FDG-PET staging and importance of lymph node SUV in head and neck cancer

Objectives The role of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) in the staging of head and neck cancer (HNC) is unclear. The NCCN guidelines do not recommend FDG-PET as a part of standard workup. The purpose of this report is to examine the role of FDG-PET imaging in altering management and providing prognostic information for HNC.
No le tema a los datos perdidos: enfoques modernos para el manejo de datos perdidos

Most of the social and educational data have missing observations due to either attrition or nonresponse.Missing data methodology has improved dramatically in recent years, and popular computer programs as well as software now offer a variety of sophisticated options. Despite the widespread availability of theoretically justified methods, many researchers still rely on old imputation techniques that can create biased analysis. This article provides conceptual introductions to the patterns of missing data. In line with that, this article introduces how to handle and analyze the missing information based on modern mechanisms of full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) and multiple imputation (MI). An introduction about planned missing designs is also included and new computational tools like Quark function, and semTools package are also mentioned. The authors hope that this paper encourages researchers to implement modern methods for analyzing missing data.
The Necessity of Instantaneous Optimals in Stationary Turbulence

Abstract An optimal perturbation is an initial condition that optimizes some measure of amplitude growth over a prescribed time in a linear system. Previous studies have argued that optimal perturbations play an important role in turbulence. Two basic questions related to this theory are whether optimal perturbations necessarily grow in all turbulent background flows and whether the turbulent flow necessarily excites optimal perturbations at the rate required to account for the observed eddy variance. This paper shows that both questions can be answered in the affirmative for statistically steady turbulence. More precisely, it is shown that eddies in statistically stationary turbulence must project onto a class of amplifying perturbations called instantaneous optimals, which are defined as initial conditions that optimize the rate of change of energy associated with the dynamical system linearized about the time-mean flow. An analogous conclusion holds for potential enstrophy when the latter satisfies a s...
STEM Literacy: Challenges implementing ‘E’ in local texas-STEM academies

This paper focuses on the challenges apparent to implementing the engineering experience component within science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs adopted at state designated academies in El Paso, Texas, based on a literature review, preliminary to potential research opportunities. El Paso is ranked as one of the poorest metropolitan areas in the country, and improvements in growing STEM success can impact the region's output of qualified professionals in those fields. According to research studies, students enrolled in STEM schools significantly impact enrollment in college, through taking STEM subjects in high school and pursuing STEM careers through higher education. Eight local STEM academies have been established since 2006 and their educators and school leaders may need to revamp STEM efforts by addressing these engineering implementation challenges. The literature reviewed includes national and state policies; local initiatives; integrated curriculum; national and state engineering standards; and school leadership. Some challenges schools face when pursing STEM literacy are educator certification and training, state requirements, standardized testing, insufficient funding, engineering curriculum, among others. As a result of this literature review, future research opportunities are identified within STEM academies, which may guide education leaders towards best practices in engineering education and quality of STEM literacy.
Do early postoperative lactic acid (LA) levels predict adverse outcomes after cystectomy

RESULTS: Median follow-up was 3 years (IQR 1.3-6.1). Median patient age was 69.6. A total of 200 (59%) patients had a recurrence and 14 (4.1%) had stage progression. The number of patients receiving either an ACE-I or ARB was 143. On univariate analysis, factors associated with improved RFS included cis (p1⁄40.040), bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy (p1⁄40.003), and ACE-I/ ARB therapy (p1⁄40.009). On multivariate analysis patients treated with BCG therapy (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47-0.87; p1⁄40.002) or ACE-I/ARB therapy (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.84; p1⁄40.005), were less likely to experience tumor recurrence. The 5-year RFS rate was 45.6% (ACE-I/ARBs) and 28.1% (No ACE-I/ARBs) (p1⁄40.009). In a subgroup analysis, patients on BCG therapy alone (n1⁄485) vs BCG combined with ACE-I/ARB therapy (n1⁄452); multivariate analysis revealed that patients treated with BCG alone (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.01-4.77; p1⁄40.04) were associated with a worse RFS compared to patients treated with BCG and ACE-I/ ARB therapy (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.98; p1⁄40.04) for stage Ta.
A tale of 2 biologies: stem cell patch: myocardial interactions are critical for myocardial regeneration.

The field of cardiovascular regenerative therapy has rapidly moved from the laboratory to the clinic. Several phase I and II clinical trials have been conducted using adult stem cell therapy ([1,2][1]), and the field is now entering an important stage with the announcement of the first pivotal phase
Synthesis of 10-Ethyl Flavin: A Multistep Synthesis Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment for Upper-Division Undergraduate Students

A multistep synthesis of 10-ethyl flavin was developed as an organic chemistry laboratory experiment for upper-division undergraduate students. Students synthesize 10-ethyl flavin as a bright yellow solid via a five-step sequence. The experiment introduces students to various hands-on experimental organic synthetic techniques, such as column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), extraction techniques, and characterizing intermediates and final products by IR and NMR spectroscopy. It also provides an opportunity for students to review important topics such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, hydrolysis of amides, condensation reactions, and reduction of aromatic nitro groups to amines.
Pre- and Perinatal Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Does Neuropsychological Weakness Explain the Link?

Etiological investigations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior problems support multiple causal pathways, including involvement of pre- and perinatal risk factors. Because these risks occur early in life, well before observable ADHD and externalizing symptoms emerge, the relation between risk and symptoms may be mediated by neurodevelopmental effects that manifest later in neuropsychological functioning. However, potential dissociable effects of pre/perinatal risk elements on ADHD and familial confounds must also be considered to test alternative hypotheses. 498 youth aged 6–17 years (55.0 % male) completed a multi-stage, multi-informant assessment including parent and teacher symptom reports of symptoms and parent ratings of pre/perinatal health risk indicators. Youth completed a neuropsychological testing battery. Multiple mediation models examined direct effects of pre- and perinatal health risk on ADHD and other disruptive behavior disorder symptoms and indirect effects via neuropsychological functioning. Parental ADHD symptoms and externalizing status was covaried to control for potential familial effects. Effects of prenatal substance exposure on inattention were mediated by memory span and temporal processing deficits. Further, effects of perinatal health risk on inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and ODD were mediated by deficits in response variability and temporal processing. Further, maternal health risks during pregnancy appeared to exert direct rather than indirect effects on outcomes. Results suggest that after controlling for familial relatedness of ADHD between parent and child, early developmental health risks may influence ADHD via effects on neuropsychological processes underpinning the disorder.
Primary pediatric palliative care: psychological and social support for children and families.

1. Cassandra D. Hirsh, DO* 2. Sarah Friebert, MD* 1. *Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH Families of children with complex, chronic, and/or life-limiting conditions experience unmet psychological, emotional, practical, and spiritual needs. Primary care pediatricians may lack sufficient knowledge, training, and/or resources to address these needs; pediatric palliative care teams can offer additional support services to families. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize when a pediatric palliative care consultation would be appropriate to help the patient and family deal with psychosocial stressors related to diagnosis or illness. 2. Describe the roles of the various members of the palliative care interdisciplinary team in providing psychosocial and social support to a patient or family with a child who has a complex, chronic, or potentially life-limiting condition. 3. Understand the role overlap among various clinicians on a palliative care interdisciplinary team. Imagine 2 parents, Amy and Todd, sitting in a room in the pediatric intensive care unit. Their formerly healthy 2-month-old son, Jack, was recently diagnosed as having spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 during an admission for respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus. He is now extubated and pain free, and his parents have met with the intensivist, neurologist, and pulmonologist regarding what SMA is and how Jack’s life will be affected. For the parents, many questions remain: How will we cope with the changes that are happening in our life? How will we afford the specialized care Jack will require? How will we be able to juggle work and other responsibilities to go to multiple medical appointments? Will this affect our marriage? Will this exacerbate our own medical conditions? How will we obtain the supplies we need to care for all of Jack’s …
Tree Root Injection of Phosphorus-32 for Labeling Defoliating Insects

A tree root injection method of radioisotope introduction was used to label balsam fir foliage, feeding spruce budworm larvae, and invertebrate predators of the budworms. This has proven to be an efficient way of field-tagging with minimal handling of the radioisotope.
Killing the Chicken to Scare the Monkey: Some Notes on State Terror in the People’s Republic of China

The classic role of the state is to protect those subject to it, from criminals at home, enemies abroad, and as much as possible from threats beyond individual control. The state should of course, protect its subjects from acts of terror. But the state exercises coercive power, and in some circumstances itself engages in terror, both against outsiders and against its own people. Intuitively, state terror would seem to be one feature of illiberal, non-democratic states, of which China is one (although liberal democracies are probably not totally guiltless either).
How Do Different Dimensions of Adolescent Narcissism Impact the Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Self-Reported Aggression

The current study examined the moderating influence that different aspects of narcissism have on the relation between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and aggression in a sample of 720 adolescents (500 males), ages 16-19 enrolled in a 22-week residential program. Findings from the two studies revealed that psychopathy-linked narcissism as assessed by the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD; Frick & Hare, 2001; Antisocial process screening device. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.) and vulnerable narcissism as assessed using the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus et al., 2009; Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365-379) significantly moderated the relation between CU traits and aggression in adolescents. Conversely, non-pathological narcissism assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory for Children (NPIC; Barry, Frick, & Killian, 2003; The relation of narcissism and self-esteem to conduct problems in children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 139-152) and PNI grandiose narcissism did not significantly impact this relation. These results suggest that forms of narcissism most closely connected to internalizing problems combined with CU traits are associated with relatively heightened aggression in youth. The implications of these findings are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 43:14-25, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of CT signs in bronchial lining tuberculosis

Objective To analyze and evaluate the bronchial lining tuberculosis CT imaging findings and diagnostic value and then to improve the bronchial lining tuberculosis understanding and early diagnosis level.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the chest CT imaging findings of 65 patients with trachea bronchial lining tuberculosis.Results 1.The onset age from 19 to 67.2.Local CT imaging features: 1 The lesions with wider range,common multiple teams segment involvement.50 cases involving more than 2;2 The bronchus with lesion was long,mainly including bronchial,leaf bronchi,section bronchial continuous or intermittently involvement;3 Irregular luminal stenosis;4 For wall with irregular thickening,but the wall outside diameter was not increase,namely the centricity thickening and the diameter narrowing.The walls in 32 cases had thickened and gained density,rarely calcification;5 Pulmonary tuberculosis was more complicated.In 13 cases with the lungs lesions,8 cases had atelectasis in corresponding parts;○6 Lung door mediastinum without bump shadow,and only lung door increase in 2 cases.Conclusion CT has certain advantages in displaying rang of the trachea and bronchial lining tuberculosis and plays an important role in early clinical diagnosis of the trachea and bronchial lining tuberculous.
An input current calculation switching driver for high power-factor and phase-cut dimmer compatibility

A new switching mode technique based on input current calculation has been proposed for accurate control of input current in single stage AC-DC converter. The input current shape is precisely managed to a desired pattern by calculating averaged switching current without a compensation method and a fine tuning sequence. This switching mode scheme provides sinusoidal input current with excellent power factor in any operational mode such as DCM, BCM and CCM. Input current can be also controlled higher than TRIAC holding current for better phase-cut dimmer compatibility. The proposed switching mode driver has been verified in 8 W dimmable LED lighting system.
Continent-sized anomalous zones with low seismic velocity at the base of Earth's mantle

Two large zones through which seismic waves travel unusually slowly are found at the base of Earth's mantle. These zones are thermally and chemically distinct from the surrounding mantle and may be a source for mantle plumes.
Cartographic Data Display

Publisher Summary The present era is exciting for those interested in cartographic data display. It has entered an arena where technological developments and marketplace forces have placed powerful, but affordable, computers on desktops and in laboratories. These computers allow creating map displays that were dreamed about a short time ago. This chapter discusses some of the changes that have led to present capabilities. These changes can be grouped into: (1) improvements in hardware, (2) improvements in software, and (3) the merging of the geographic techniques subfields of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, spatial analysis (quantitative methods), and cartography. The chapter focuses on the recent developments that go beyond the display methods that traditional manual cartography has produced. It provides with some sense of what has been done and what needs to be done in the future. y.
National Monuments and National Conservation Areas: A Comparison in Light of the Bears Ears Proposal

Southeastern Utah is the site of an intense and ongoing debate over how to manage and protect our public lands. While a broad consensus has emerged favoring additional protections for the region, what form those protections should take is a matter of intense debate. Congressmen Rob Bishop and Jason Chaffetz propose to protect the region via two adjacent National Conservation Areas (NCA): the Bears Ears NCA (857,603 acres), and the Indian Creek NCA (434,354 acres). In contrast, a group of five Native American tribes is urging President Obama to proclaim a Bears Ears National Monument spanning 1.9 million acres, which would include the land from the two NCAs noted above plus an additional 608,000 culturally-sensitive acres. This paper compares and contrasts congressional NCA designations, and presidential national monument proclamations. Our aim is to compare the two mechanisms as they relate to this common landscape, and to inform the public’s understanding of each.
Production of L-Leucine by a Mutant of Brevibacterium lactofermentum 2256

A potent l-leucine producer was screened among mutants of glutamic acid producing bacteria. This strain, No. 218, is one of 2-thiazolealanine resistant mutants derived from a methionine isoleucine double auxotroph of Brevibacterium lactofermentum 2256 by nitroso-guanidine.Strain No. 218 produced 19 mg/ml of l-leucine after 72 hr cultivation when 8 % glucose and 4 % ammonium sulfate were supplied as a carbon and a nitrogen source, respectively, thus giving the yield of 23.1 % from glucose.The addition of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in combination gave much more productivity than that of Fe2+ or Mn2+ alone.Effects of amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and the other nutrients on l-leucine production were investigated.The fermentation product was isolated and purified from the culture, and identified as l-leucine.
A Phase I clinical trial of the knee to assess the correlation of gagCEST MRI, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage and T2 mapping.

Abstract Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) during disease progression, which can be detected by glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (gagCEST) MRI. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is considered one of the standard methods for GAG quantification in vivo. This Phase I study assessed the correlation between gagCEST MRI and dGEMRIC in determining cartilage GAG concentration. Standard T2 mapping was used as a comparator with the two other methods. Materials and methods Eight athletic volunteers with no known knee diseases were recruited in this study. The sagittal images of both knees in each volunteer were obtained by a 3T MRI system. GAG concentration was calculated based on fixed charge density (FCD) within articular cartilage as calculated by T1 values obtained from dGEMRIC sequences. Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR asym ) of the CEST spectrum at 1ppm was determined with gagCEST MRI. T2 values were calculated using a multi-echo turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence. The Pearson correlations among MTR asym were calculated from gagCEST analysis. Results There was moderate correlation (correlation coefficient r =0.55) between dGEMRIC and gagCEST MRI results. T2 had a low correlation ( r =−0.30) with gagCEST and no correlation with dGEMRIC ( r =0.003). Both gagCEST and dGEMRIC were able to distinguish between high GAG concentration cartilage compartments (higher than 210mM) and low GAG cartilage compartments (lower than 210mM). Conclusion dGEMRIC was shown to be a more accurate and sensitive clinical imaging tool in evaluating cartilage GAG levels in vivo. While GagCEST showed less sensitivity to GAG concentration variations than dGEMRIC, further improvements may yet enable gagCEST to be a clinically robust methodology.
Why You are Probably More Creative (and Less Creative) Than You Think

Abstract Because creativity varies by domain, saying that someone is creative without specifying the domain of that creativity is no more informative than saying someone is an expert without saying what it is that person is an expert in. Although creativity and expertise are quite different, they are similar in this regard: With the possible exception of general intelligence, there is little or no domain-general factor in either. Creativity (or lack of it) in one domain does not predict creativity (or lack of it) in any other domain. The assumption of domain generality has led to both a misunderstanding of creativity and many pointless disputes in the field. Assuming domain generality of creativity also leads to misperceptions of one’s own creativity, which is likely to vary significantly from domain to domain (just as assuming that expertise is domain general would lead to misperceptions of one’s expertise). If people believe they are all-around experts, we would think them deluded because expertise depends crucially on domains. Ditto for creativity. To be accurate, one’s beliefs about one’s own creativity need to be domain specific.
On the Design of Linear Control Systems with Plant Uncertainty Via Nondifferentiable Optimization

Abstract We present a three phase semi-infinite optimization algorithm which is motivated by worst case, single-input single-output control system design problems, When suitably interpreted, the algorithm can also be used for multivariable control system design with performance requirements that lead to semi-infinite inequality constraints.
Perceived cultural acceptability and comfort with affectionate touch: Differences between Mexican Americans and European Americans:

Ethnographic descriptions suggest that cultures differ in the extent to which they value physical touch and its acceptability in different kinds of social relationships. For example, compared to Eu...
Use of population health data to refine diagnostic decision-making for pertussis

Objective To improve identification of pertussis cases by developing a decision model that incorporates recent, local, population-level disease incidence. Design Retrospective cohort analysis of 443 infants tested for pertussis (2003–7). Measurements Three models (based on clinical data only, local disease incidence only, and a combination of clinical data and local disease incidence) to predict pertussis positivity were created with demographic, historical, physical exam, and state-wide pertussis data. Models were compared using sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC), and related metrics. Results The model using only clinical data included cyanosis, cough for 1 week, and absence of fever, and was 89% sensitive (95% CI 79 to 99), 27% specific (95% CI 22 to 32) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.80. The model using only local incidence data performed best when the proportion positive of pertussis cultures in the region exceeded 10% in the 8–14 days prior to the infant's associated visit, achieving 13% sensitivity, 53% specificity, and AUC 0.65. The combined model, built with patient-derived variables and local incidence data, included cyanosis, cough for 1 week, and the variable indicating that the proportion positive of pertussis cultures in the region exceeded 10% 8–14 days prior to the infant's associated visit. This model was 100% sensitive (p<0.04, 95% CI 92 to 100), 38% specific (p<0.001, 95% CI 33 to 43), with AUC 0.82. Conclusions Incorporating recent, local population-level disease incidence improved the ability of a decision model to correctly identify infants with pertussis. Our findings support fostering bidirectional exchange between public health and clinical practice, and validate a method for integrating large-scale public health datasets with rich clinical data to improve decision-making and public health.
Fluids, Hemostasis, Nutrition, and Pulmonary Physiology

Fluid and electrolyte optimization serves an integral role in the management of the surgical patient. Electrolyte disturbances should be addressed promptly and may require medical consultation particularly if there are symptoms. Routine preoperative use of coagulation studies, platelet count may be unnecessary and should be guided by patient history and the surgical bleeding risk that accompanies the proposed procedure. Alcohol abuse may be a co-contributor to nutritional defi ciencies in this patient population.
Versions of Dimension of the Circle, Props. 2 and 3

Our ability to reconstruct the editorial development of the second and third propositions of Dimension of the Circle is limited, since alternative ancient versions comparable to those we possess from Pappus and Theon for prop. 1 are lacking.1 Citations and applications of the results proved in props. 2 and 3, however, can be gleaned from Hero, Theon, and other sources, and these suggest certain ways in which the extant DC represents a text form different from that circulating in the early period. Furthermore, a collation of the versions in Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin confirms our previous findings on the literalness and accuracy of the medieval translators. It also emerges that their text of props. 2 and 3 differed far less from the extant DC than was the case for prop. 1.
Environmentally responsive polyelectrolytes and zwitterionic polymers

This chapter focuses on responsive polyelectrolytes and zwitterionic polymer systems that are designed to control the interfacial biological interactions for biomedical applications. The chapter will start off with an introduction to the chemistries used and techniques for applying them in biomedical applications. It will then cover the responsive nature of these systems to pH, salt, and temperature, while presenting examples where these responsive properties are beneficial for biomedical applications.
Modeling of Human Welders’ Operations in Virtual Reality Human–Robot Interaction

This letter presents a virtual reality (VR) human–robot interaction welding system that allows human welders to manipulate a welding robot and undertake welding tasks naturally and intuitively via consumer-grade VR hardware (HTC Vive). In this system, human welders’ operations are captured by motion-tracked handle controllers and used as commands to teleoperate a 6-DoF industrial robot (UR-5) and to request welding current from a controllable welding power supply (Liburdi Pulsweld P200). The three-dimensional (3-D) working scene is rendered in real time based on feedback information and shown to the human welder by head-mounted display via a motion-tracked headset. To compensate for the time delay between command motion and real motion of the robot, a hidden Markov model is proposed to model and predict human welders’ operations. The K-means clustering algorithm is applied to cluster human welders’ operation data (traveling speed) into latent states. Based on the developed prediction algorithm, the motion of human welders is predicted with an root mean square error (RMSE) accuracy of between 2.1 and 4.6 mm/s. The position data used as final commands to teleoperate a robot are predicted with an RMSE accuracy of between 1.1 and 2.3 mm. This letter presents a general cyber-physical model for human–robot interactive welding based on VR, building a foundation for welding robot teleoperation.
Assessing Sexually Intrusive Thoughts: Parsing Unacceptable Thoughts on the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

Abstract Sexual obsessions are a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), often classified in a broader symptom dimension that includes aggressive and religious obsessions, as well. Indeed, the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) Unacceptable Thoughts Scale includes obsessional content relating to sexual, violent, and religious themes associated with rituals that are often covert. However, there is reason to suspect that sexual obsessions differ meaningfully from other types of unacceptable thoughts. We conducted two studies to evaluate the factor structure, initial psychometric characteristics, and associated clinical features of a new DOCS scale for sexually intrusive thoughts (SIT). In the first study, nonclinical participants ( N = 475) completed the standard DOCS with additional SIT questions and we conducted an exploratory factor analysis on all items and examined clinical and cognitive correlates of the different scales, as well as test-retest reliability. The SIT Scale was distinct from the Unacceptable Thoughts Scale and was predicted by different obsessional cognitions. It had good internal consistency and there was evidence for convergent and divergent validity. In the second study, we examined the relationships among the standard DOCS and SIT scales, as well as types of obsessional cognitions and symptom severity, in a clinical sample of individuals with OCD ( N = 54). There were indications of both convergence and divergence between the Unacceptable Thoughts and SIT scales, which were strongly correlated with each other. Together, the studies demonstrate the potential utility of assessing sexually intrusive thoughts separately from the broader category of unacceptable thoughts.
Primary hyperparathyroidism versus familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: a challenging diagnostic evaluation in an adolescent female

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) have significantly different treatment approaches, so physicians must be careful to differentiate these 2 diseases. Herein, we report a 14-year-old female who presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia (12 mg/dL; reference range, 9.2–10.7 mg/dL), elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (236 pg/mL; reference range, 9–69 pg/mL), and vitamin D deficiency (6 ng/mL; reference range, ≥ 20 ng/mL). On numerous occasions, her 24-hour urine calcium was more than 4 mg/kg/day, consistent with PHPT, but her fractional excretion of calcium on 24-hour urine collection was consistently below 1%, in line with FHH. 99mTc-Sestamibi scan failed to detect any abnormalities. However, a 4-dimensional computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a right superior parathyroid adenoma which was excised with a focused parathyroidectomy. Although the patient’s calcium and iPTH levels normalized, her nonspecific symptoms persisted. This case illustrates both the challenges of differentiating PHPT from FHH and the limitations of a first-line imaging tool in identifying a parathyroid adenoma.
A Novel Approach for Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Childhood T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LL): A Children’s Oncology Group Report.

Contemporary treatment of childhood T-LL produces 2 yr EFS of ≥ 85% (Reiter et al., Blood, 2000). To further improve cure rates without increasing treatment-related toxicities it is critically important to better understand the biology of the disease and identify prognostically important subgroups (Cairo et al., PBC, 2005). Approximately 15% of children with T-LL have disseminated disease at diagnosis as demonstrated by morphologic examination of bone marrow aspirates and biopsies. We developed a flow cytometric method that can detect 1 malignant T-cell among 10000 or more normal bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. The method relies on expression of CD3 and TdT, combined with the absence of B-cell and myeloid markers, to identify malignant T cells. We applied this method to study bone marrow samples collected at diagnosis from 70 patients enrolled in the Children’s Oncology Group A5971 study “Randomized Phase III Study for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Disseminated Lymphoblastic Lymphoma or Localized Lymphoblastic Lymphoma.” Of the 70 patients, 48 (68.6%) had CD3+/TdT+ lymphoma cells detectable in the bone marrow (median, 0.25%; range 0.01%–28%), a proportion considerably higher than estimates based on morphology. In 27 patients, we studied paired left and right iliac crest aspirates; in all cases, results were concordant (20 positive and 7 negative). The difference in percentages of CD3+/TdT+ cells measured among positive sample pairs was
Alternatives to the Tenure Track.

The number of PhDs awarded in chemical engineering is disproportionate with the number of tenure track positions available; an overview of the contributions that can be made by teaching-focused faculty is presented. Statistics are provided for the number of chemical engineering faculty in the US by rank, position and gender. Based on literature and experience, best practices are recommended for successful, mutually beneficial actions for teaching-focused engineering faculty and their administrative leadership.
New contributions to the entrepreneurial theory of social and cultural change

This paper combines the theoretical framework developed by Coyne and Boettke (2009) about an entrepreneurial theory of social and cultural change, with the contributions of Huerta de Soto (2010) about the impossibility of economic calculation in socialism. With this synthesis, the entrepreneurial theory of social and cultural change is reinforced to (1) refute any political action aimed to achieve social and cultural changes, and (2) to claim the entrepreneur as the driving force of all social phenomena. The paper concludes that, as in the market sphere, the government cannot effectively implement policies oriented to social and cultural change, since it cannot acquire the knowledge necessary to plan society and social relationships.
Observation of therapeutic effect of minimally invasive surgery combined with wintermine in treating severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

Objective To study the effective treatment for severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 102 cases of severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into two groups: One group with minimally invasive surgery and intravenous drip of wintermine started 1 ～ 5 days after operation, another only with minimally invasive surgery. The 55 subjects with conservative treatment were selected as control group. Results The quality of life in the survival group was better than in group B and C (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01), the mortality of group A was also significantly lower than the other two groups (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01). Conclusion Minimally invasive surgery combined with intravenous drip of wintermine can be a safe and effective method for severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Key words: Cerebral hemorrhage; Hypertensive; Wintermine; Surgical procedures
Mechanism and Chemoselectivity for HOCl-Mediated Oxidation of Zinc-Bound Thiolates

Quantum mechanical calculations reveal the preferred mechanism and origins of chemoselectivity for HOCl-mediated oxidation of zinc-bound thiolates implicated in bacterial redox sensing. Distortion/interaction models show that minimizing geometric distortion at the zinc complex during the rate-limiting nucleophilic substitution step controls the mechanistic preference for OH over Cl transfer with HOCl and the chemoselectivity for HOCl over H2 O2 .
Cool Companions to White Dwarfs from the 2MASS Second Incremental Data Release

We present near-infrared magnitudes for all white dwarfs (selected from the catalog of McCook & Sion) contained in the 2 Micron All Sky Survey Second Incremental Data Release(2MASS 2IDR). We show that the near-IR color-color diagram is an effective means of identifying candidate binary stars containing a WD and a low mass main sequence star. The loci of single WDs and WD + red dwarf binaries occupy distinct regions of the near-IR color-color diagram. We recovered all known unresolved WD + red dwarf binaries located in the 2IDR sky coverage, and also identified as many new candidate binaries (47 new candidates out of 95 total). Using observational near-IR data for WDs and M-L dwarfs, we have compared a sample of simulated WD + red dwarf binaries with our 2MASS data. The colors of the simulated binaries are dominated by the low mass companion through the late-M to early-L spectral types. As the spectral type of the companion becomes progressively later, however, the colors of unresolved binaries become progressively bluer. Binaries containing the lowest mass companions will be difficult to distinguish from single WDs solely on the basis of their near-IR colors.
Selective Intra-Arterial Calcium Stimulation Venous Sampling Test for Preoperative Localization of Occult Neuroendocrine Tumors: Recall for an Old Technique

Background Surgical resection is the curative treatment for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Noninvasive imaging is unreliable in localizing NETs measuring less than 2 cm. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of the selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation venous sampling test (SACST) for preoperative localization of functional NETs within the pancreas. Methods This retrospective analysis of the patients referred for localization of radiologically occult functional NETs from 2004 to 2019 was performed at a single institution. The technical success, diagnostic accuracy, and complications of the test were evaluated. Results Twenty-three patients underwent SACST. The SACST was technically successful in 100% of the patients. Lesions were successfully localized in 19 (83%) patients. Tumor blush was seen in one patient. The mean ± standard deviation of maximal dimension of the resected tumor was 2.0 ± 1.9 cm. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the SACST for localization of all lesions were 1.0, 0.57, 0.84, and 1.0, as well as 1.0, 0.57, 0.80, and 1.0 for insulinomas, respectively. Conclusion SACST is a feasible, safe, well-tolerated, and effective procedure to preoperatively localize radiologically occult NETs within the pancreas.
Toward a Culture of First-Generation Student Success: An Analysis of Mission Statements From First-gen Forward Institutions

Institutions of higher education continue to seek ways to engage first-generation students. This content analysis of the 157 mission statements of First-gen Forward Institutions explores how the ar...
What is Privacy? That's the Wrong Question

Privacy has never had a precise meaning. But in the early 1900s, the concept took on new life as a term of art in legal frameworks. The result has been a bit of a mess, as no singular definition has been adequate for all purposes. Daniel Solove, perhaps the most influential privacy scholar of our day, wrote at the turn of the millennium that privacy was “a concept in disarray.” In this short essay reflecting upon Solove’s impact on the modern study of information privacy, I argue that the chaos and futility of competing conceptualizations of privacy is why Solove’s research on privacy has been so important. Solove has reshaped the entire narrative around privacy by suggesting that we stop obsessing over what privacy is and start asking what privacy is for. His contributions have profoundly influenced the privacy debate by dispelling the notion that privacy is only important to people with “something to hide.” He cast doubt upon people's ability to engage in “privacy self-management.” He introduced new narratives for industry’s data processing efforts that are closer to a Kafkaesque byzantine bureaucratic nightmare than Orwellian dystopian surveillance. He helped usher in the algorithmic turn in privacy scholarship and enriched our understanding of the full spectrum of privacy harms. Perhaps most importantly, Solove’s work provides a structure that frees scholars and lawmakers of the burden of finding one, singular notion of privacy to rule them all. Privacy is still a concept in disarray. But that’s okay. There is now too much data that is collected by too many different entities and used in too many different ways for any singular definition of privacy to be legally useful anyway. Daniel Solove’s work on understanding privacy has imposed order upon chaos, shifting our focus away from questions about what privacy is and toward the different problems we want our privacy rules to address and the specific values we want them to serve.
James Joyce and the politics of egoism

In James Joyce and the Politics of Egoism, first published in 2001, a leading scholar approaches the entire Joycean canon through the concept of 'egoism'. This concept, Jean-Michel Rabate argues, runs throughout Joyce's work, and involves and incorporates its opposite, 'hospitality', a term Rabate understands as meaning an ethical and linguistic opening to 'the other'. For Rabate both concepts emerge from the fact that Joyce published crucial texts in the London based review The Egoist and later moved on to forge strong ties with the international Paris avant-garde. Rabate examines the theoretical debates surrounding these connections, linking Joyce's engagement with Irish politics with the aesthetic aspects of his texts. Through egoism, he shows, Joyce defined a literary sensibility founded on negation; through hospitality, Joyce postulated the creation of a new, utopian readership. Rabate explores Joyce's complex negotiation between these two poles in a study of interest to all Joyceans and scholars of modernism.
Validation of the VE1 immunostain for the BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma.

BACKGROUND BRAF mutation status, and therefore eligibility for BRAF inhibitors, is currently determined by sequencing methods. We assessed the validity of VE1, a monoclonal antibody against the BRAF V600E mutant protein, in the detection of mutant BRAF V600E melanomas as classified by DNA pyrosequencing.
The Volume of the Union of Many Spheres and Point Inclusion Problems

We present here an O(n) probabilistic algorithm for computing the volume of the union of n spheres of possibly different radii. The method, which is an application of techniques developed by [Karp, Luby, 83], can be extended, in a straightforward manner, to compute the volume of the union of n objects (where each of them has an easy description e.g. boxes or spheres) in k dimensions. Its time complexity is then O(nk). We also examine the related problem of computing the number of spheres (or disks, in the plane) among a given set of spheres, containing a given point. For the case of n disks of the same radius r, we can answer such a query in time O(log2n) and O(n3) preprocessing space.
TFIIIA binds to different domains of 5S RNA and the Xenopus borealis 5S RNA gene.

Abstract We have established the conditions for the reassociation of 5S RNA and TFIIIA to form 7S particles. We tested the ability of altered 5S RNAs to bind TFIIIA, taking advantage of the slower mobility of 7S particles compared with free 5S RNA in native polyacrylamide gels. Linker substitution mutants were constructed encompassing the entire gene, including the intragenic control region. In vitro transcripts of the linker substitution mutants were tested for their ability to bind TFIIIA to form 7S ribonucleoprotein particles. Altered 5S RNAs with base changes in or around helices IV and V, which would interfere with the normal base pairing of that region, showed decreased ability to bind TFIIIA. The transcripts of some mutant genes that were efficiently transcribed (greater than 50% of wild-type efficiency) failed to bind TFIIIA in this gel assay. In contrast, the RNA synthesized from a poorly transcribed mutant, LS 86/97, in which residues 87 to 96 of the RNA were replaced in the single-stranded loop at the base of helix V, bound TFIIIA well. The data indicate that TFIIIA binds to different domains in the 5S RNA gene and 5S RNA.
Are Pets in the Bedroom a Problem

The presence of pets in the bedroom can alter the sleep environment in ways that could affect sleep. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview from 150 consecutive patients seen at the Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona. Seventy-four people (49%) reported having pets, with 31 (41% of pet owners) having multiple pets. More than half of pet owners (56%) allowed their pets to sleep in the bedroom. Fifteen pet owners (20%) described their pets as disruptive, whereas 31 (41%) perceived their pets as unobtrusive or even beneficial to sleep. Health care professionals working with patients with sleep concerns should inquire about the presence of companion animals in the sleep environment to help them find solutions and optimize their sleep.