cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Industrial needs culminated in business applications course

Commercial Systems Applications introduces the student to data processing principles and practices as related to computer-oriented systems. Data processing, business, and communication skills are brought together to produce research into organizations and their applications.
Production of energetic photons via excitation of the Δ resonance in heavy ion collisions

Abstract The photon production cross sections is calculated for heavy ion collision with beam energies between 75 and 200 MeV/ nucleon. The decay of the Δ resonance should dominate the photon spectrim above a photon energy of 200 MeV for the high beam energy. At the lower beam energies, the Δ contribution is obscured by photons originating from np bremsstrahlung.
Development of four strains of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on barley, corn (maize), rice, and wheat☆

Abstract Differences in development of four strains of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (LS-2, Minnesota, Savannah, and Tanzania-90) on diets of hulled barley, yellow corn (maize), brown rice, and soft red winter wheat at 28°C and 55–60 r.h., were analyzed in terms of total progeny production, average time (days) to adult emergence, and rate of emergence with an analysis of variance. Significant main effects of strain and diet were obtained. Across all strains, progeny production was highest on barley and lowest on corn. All measured growth parameters indicated that corn was the least suitable diet of the tested cereals for this species. The Savannah strain of S. oryzae produced significantly more progeny and had shorter development times than the other strains. The strain from Tanzania produced smaller numbers of progeny, had significantly longer development times, and a significantly slower rate of emergence on wheat compared to that of the other strains. The Tanzania strain does not have the major amylase isozyme present in this species and has less than 50% of the total amylase activity found in the other three strains. It is postulated that the strong Tanzania × wheat interaction is caused by combination of naturally-occurring amylase inhibitors in ingested wheat with digestive amylase in this weevil strain and a subsequent decreased efficiency in food utilization.
A quantitative analysis of transparency in the human sclera and cornea using Fourier methods.

SUMMARY Cellular microstructure observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was analysed using Fourier methods. Fourier components of the density fluctuations in the sclera and the cornea of the human eye were quantified. The results show that the Fourier components responsible for the opacity of the sclera have sizes of the order of the wavelength of visible light. In the sclera, approximately 54% of the spectral energy of the density fluctuation falls in the range of 200–1100 nm (scattering range). In the cornea, approximately 24% of the total spectral energy falls in this range. The predominant Fourier components of the density fluctuations in the opaque sclera are approximately 300 nm in wavelength, whereas those of the transparent cornea are approximately 80 nm in wavelength. This method will be useful in quantitative analysis of microstructural changes accompanying biological phenomena such as normal development of transparency in the human lens, and abnormal loss of transparency during cataract formation.
Small cell carcinoma in the parotid harboring Merkel cell polyomavirus.

Objective This study aimed to document three new cases of primary small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the parotid and examine immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data of the recently developed Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) within these tumors. Study Design Immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, CD56, CD57, neuron-specific enolase [NSE], thyroid transcription factor 1 [TTF-1]), epithelial markers (CK20, CK7, CAM 5.2), and MCPyV large T antigen (LTAg) were examined. qPCR and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm the presence of the MCPyV LTAg gene. Results Two males and one female, average age 76 years, presented with left parotid masses. Clinical examinations, histories, and imaging studies were negative for cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), pulmonary and extrapulmonary SmCC, or any other malignancy. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for CK20 in a perinuclear dotlike pattern (3/3), CAM 5.2 (3/3), (2/3), NSE (3/3), CD56 (2/3), and CD57 (3/3). Two cases stained positive for MCPyV, showing moderate to strong, diffuse positivity, confirmed with qPCR. PCR-Sanger sequencing of LTAg exon 2 showed greater than 97% similarity to the MCPyV reference genome in both cases. Conclusion Our findings expand the number of reported cases classified as primary parotid SmCC that harbors MCPyV and underscore the similarity between cutaneous MCC and parotid SmCC. Further investigation is needed to determine whether immune-based therapeutic strategies targeting MCPyV in MCC are also effective in the setting of parotid SmCC harboring MCPyV.
Automatic Identification of Sentiment Vocabulary: Exploiting Low Association with Known Sentiment Terms

We describe an extension to the technique for the automatic identification and labeling of sentiment terms described in Turney (2002) and Turney and Littman (2002). Their basic assumption is that sentiment terms of similar orientation tend to co-occur at the document level. We add a second assumption, namely that sentiment terms of opposite orientation tend not to co-occur at the sentence level. This additional assumption allows us to identify sentiment-bearing terms very reliably. We then use these newly identified terms in various scenarios for the sentiment classification of sentences. We show that our approach outperforms Turney's original approach. Combining our approach with a Naive Bayes bootstrapping method yields a further small improvement of classifier performance. We finally compare our results to precision and recall figures that can be obtained on the same data set with labeled data.
Sunshield technology and flight experiment for the Next Generation Space Telescope

The Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) requires a sunshield to passively cool the telescope and detectors to temperatures between 60° and 100° Kelvin. The sunshield is a large, deployable, multilayer thin-film membrane structure. Characteristics of this design are ultra lightweight, high packaging efficiency, high deployment reliability, low life-cycle costs, and a 5 to 10 years mission life at L2. A thermal performance, or e*, requirement has been determined from integrated modeling. Performance of the sunshield is achievable, however, many hurdles remain. NGST is actively working to reduce the risk in the area of sunshield technology. Areas under study include: system deployment and stability, lifetime of materials, optical properties of materials, effects of micrometeoroid damage, and development of analytical models. An inflatable sunshield has been selected and included in the NGST yardstick architecture. As part of the technology development effort, NGST is performing a flight demonstration on the NGST Pathfinder 1 mission. The Inflatable Sunshield in Space (ISIS) experiment is scheduled for October 2001 on the Space Shuttle. This paper will discuss sunshield requirements, technology development, component and system level testing, development of analytical modeling tools, and the ISIS flight experiment.
Convergence rates of change-point estimators and tail probabilities of the first-passage-time process

In the classical setting of the change-point problem, the maximum-likelihood estimator and the traditional confidence region for the change-point parameter are considered. It is shown that the probability of the correct decision, the coverage probability and the expected size of the confidence set converge exponentially fast as the sample size increases to infinity. For this purpose, the tail probabilities of the first passage times are studied. General inequalities are established, and exact asymptotics are obtained for the case of Bernoulli distributions. A closed asymptotic form for the expected size of the confidence set is derived for this case via the conditional distribution of the first passage times. L'auteur s'interesse a l'estimation a vraisemblance maximale et a l'estimation par intervalie traditionnelle dans le cadre classique du probieme de la recherche du point d'inflexion. II demontre que la probabilite de prendre la bonne decision, que la probabilite de couverture et que la taille esperee de la region de confiance convergent a une vitesse exponentielle a mesure que croǐt la taille de I'echantillon. L'auteur etudie pour ce faire le comportement des ailes de la loi des premiers temps de passage. II obtient des inegalites generates et des resultats asymptotiques exacts dans le cas des lois de Bernoulli. Dans ce cas, il deduit en outre de la loi conditionnelle des premiers temps de passage une forme asymptotique explicite pour la taille espere de la region de confiance.
Growth in Women's Relative Wages and in Inequality among Men: One Phenomenon or Two?

Although increased wage inequality among men during the past three decades has received more attention, the growth in women's wages has been equally remarkable. In fact, by one measure of inequality, the ninth-decile/median ratio, the proportional growth in inequality has moved in exact proportion with the female/male wage ratio. It is suggested that both result from expansion in the value of brains relative to brawn. There is no way of knowing the full story of growth in women's relative wages, and it is important not to dismiss the import of changing career patterns. As is evident in the panel data, increasing labor market participation must be important. So, too, are the implications that follow the movement of women from the home to the job.
Posttraumatic renal infarction versus tumor: A helpful angiographic finding

We report a case of segmental renal infarction due to a traumatic dissecting hematoma of a renal artery branch. Some features of the cross-sectional imaging studies were atypical of infarct and suggestive of tumor. Renal arteriography demonstrated aneurysmal dilatation of an approximately 3-cm portion of a segmental renal artery, an uncommon but highly suggestive finding of traumatic arteriopathy.
More than “Hello” and “Bye-bye”: opening and closing the online chats in Mandarin Chinese

Reporting on a descriptive study on the first semester Chinese language learners' openings and closings in online chats with age-peer native speakers of Chinese, this paper demonstrates the great promise that telecollaboration holds for foreign language education, and argues for an increasing role of pragmatics in Chinese language instruction, and at the same time points out the limitations of the textbooks in providing ample examples of openings and closings in the dialogues to the learners. This paper is an initial attempt to address interlanguage pragmatic in Chinese which has been virtually not studied in the literature.
Generating Verbal Descriptions of Colored Objects: Towards Grounding Language in Perception

This paper addresses the issue of how verbal communication arises from the complex and uncertain representations that seem necessary to robustly carry out perception in real-world domains. We propose that the generation of natural language in such domains should be addressed as the optimization problem of finding, under various constraints, the verbalization that has the greatest probability of achieving a specific change that the speaker wants to induce in the mental state or behavior of the listener. This most likely effective or MLE strategy has the advantage of making the problem concrete, and allowing (possibly empathic) models of the perceptual and behavioral processes to be used in a principled way. We illustrate these issues in the context of the specific problem of describing real objects in native domains using basic color language (e.g. "mostly brown", "partly red"). The term "native domains" refers to real-world environments that have not been tailored to suit the application
A REEXAMINATION OF ABILITY AS A MODERATOR OF ROLE PERCEPTIONS—SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIP

This research examines the moderating effects of employee ability on the relationship of role conflict and ambiguity to intrinsic satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of 89 middle-lower managerial personnel from a large, heavy-equipment manufacturing company in the Midwest. Moderated multiple regression was used in data analysis. Results obtained from the education and perceived ability-job fit measures of employee ability are consistent with the ability-adaptability phenomenon suggested and tested by Schuler (1977). Results obtained from the work experience measure of ability were contrary to prediction. Implications of the findings for work adjustment theory, stress management, and future research are discussed.
Compositional Evolution of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) Structures by Total X-Ray Scattering

High-energy X-ray diffraction was employed to study the structural characteristics of a set of C–S–H samples with 0.6 ≤ C/S ≤ 1.75. It has been observed that Si is tetrahedrally coordinated to O for all samples irrespective of chemical composition and the Ca–O coordination number gradually decreases from ~7 to ~6 with increasing C/S ratio. This suggests that the C–S–H structure evolves from a tobermorite-like structure into a jennite-like structure as a function of increasing C/S ratio as the interlayer space decreases from ~1.3 to ~1 nm. Evolution of these short- and medium-range order structural characteristics in the C–S–H system is associated with the alteration of the Ca–O layers and silicate depolymerization with increasing C/S.
Postpeak residual capacity of nailed connections of a shear wall

To quantify the postpeak residual capacity and to gain insights into the load transfer mechanism of a shear wall, nail connection tests were performed on salvaged connections after a monotonic shear wall test loaded up to peak load. Experimental results reveal that there is a loss of strength in most of the fasteners studied, indicat- ing that almost all the fasteners contribute toward racking resistance of the wall. The maximum loss of strength was observed for the fastener in the uplift corner and for the fastener along the middle stud. Another area where fas- teners exhibited a significant loss of strength was in plate connection located at the bottom plate. The performance of a shear wall can be enhanced by strengthening the two areas - uplift corner and bottom plate.
Dynamics of the Gender Gap for Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors

The careers of MBAs from a top US business school are studied to understand how career dynamics differ by gender. Although male and female MBAs have nearly identical earnings at the outset of their careers, their earnings soon diverge, with the male earnings advantage reaching almost 60 log points a decade after MBA completion. Three proximate factors account for the large and rising gender gap in earnings: differences in training prior to MBA graduation, differences in career interruptions, and differences in weekly hours. The greater career discontinuity and shorter work hours for female MBAs are largely associated with motherhood.
Deployment and Evaluation of a System for Ground-Based Measurement of Cloud Liquid Water Turbulent Fluxes

Abstract Direct interception of windblown cloud water by forests has been dubbed “occult deposition” because it represents a hydrological input that is hidden from rain gauges. Eddy correlation studies of this phenomenon have estimated cloud water fluxes to vegetation yet have lacked estimates of error bounds. This paper presents an evaluation of instrumental and methodological errors for cloud liquid water fluxes to put such eddy correlation measurements in context. Procedures for data acquisition, processing (including correction factors), and calibration testing of the particulate volume monitor (PVM) and forward-scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) are detailed. Nearly 200 h of in-cloud data are analyzed for intercomparison of these instruments. Three methods of coordinate system rotation are investigated; the flux shows little sensitivity to the method used, and the difference between fluxes at different stations is even less sensitive to this choice. Side-by-side intercomparison of two PVMs and one ...
Predicting Marital Success For Premarital Couple Types Based on PREPARE

Recent studies have shown that group differences in marital stability and satisfaction can be predicted based on premarital relationship quality. There is also a growing literature indicating that there are distinct types of relationships, both premarital and developmentally over time. This study examined the relationship between the four premarital types (Vitalized, Harmonious, Traditional, and Conflicted) identified by Fowers and Olson (1992) and relationship outcome over a 3-year period with 393 couples. A substantial relationship was found, with conflicted couples being the most likely to separate or divorce. Vitalized couples had the highest levels of satisfaction, followed by Harmonious, Traditional, and Conflicted couples. Traditional couples were less likely to have divorced than Harmonious couples, even though Harmonious couples had higher premarital relationship satisfaction scores. Researchers have been interested in identifying factors predictive of successful marriages for decades. The pioneering work of Burgess and Wallin (1954) and Terman (1938) has been continued and expanded with increasingly sophisticated research. According to the U. S. Bureau of the Census (1992), 52% of all first marriages end in divorce. This high divorce rate continues to spur the search for predictors of marital stability and satisfaction. The professional response has included attempts to reduce both the frequency and difficulty of divorce through research, preventive, and remedial efforts. Most marital and family therapists encounter the critical social problem of divorce in the context of offering therapeutic services for those suffering from marital discord
Distinct internalization pathways of human amylin monomers and its cytotoxic oligomers in pancreatic cells.

Toxic human amylin oligomers and aggregates are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (TTDM). Although recent studies have shown that pancreatic cells can recycle amylin monomers and toxic oligomers, the exact uptake mechanism and trafficking routes of these molecular forms and their significance for amylin toxicity are yet to be determined. Using pancreatic rat insulinoma (RIN-m5F) beta (β)-cells and human islets as model systems we show that monomers and oligomers cross the plasma membrane (PM) through both endocytotic and non-endocytotic (translocation) mechanisms, the predominance of which is dependent on amylin concentrations and incubation times. At low (≤100 nM) concentrations, internalization of amylin monomers in pancreatic cells is completely blocked by the selective amylin-receptor (AM-R) antagonist, AC-187, indicating an AM-R dependent mechanism. In contrast at cytotoxic (µM) concentrations monomers initially (1 hour) enter pancreatic cells by two distinct mechanisms: translocation and macropinocytosis. However, during the late stage (24 hours) monomers internalize by a clathrin-dependent but AM-R and macropinocytotic independent pathway. Like monomers a small fraction of the oligomers initially enter cells by a non-endocytotic mechanism. In contrast a majority of the oligomers at both early (1 hour) and late times (24 hours) traffic with a fluid-phase marker, dextran, to the same endocytotic compartments, the uptake of which is blocked by potent macropinocytotic inhibitors. This led to a significant increase in extra-cellular PM accumulation, in turn potentiating amylin toxicity in pancreatic cells. Our studies suggest that macropinocytosis is a major but not the only clearance mechanism for both amylin’s molecular forms, thereby serving a cyto-protective role in these cells.
A novel 4G MAC protocol guaranteeing high QoS and capacity in CBR communications networks by continuous group divisions and resource re-allocations to considerably reduce contention mini-slot collisions

The authors previously showed that high QoS and capacity in CBR communications networks can be achieved by the user-group-division method. The novel MAC protocol based on this method and fundamental theories and postulates (supported by the CBR network environment) required to develop the protocol are presented here. No change in hardware or standards is required to implement this protocol and the protocol can be executed on the mobile stations (ms) or cable modems (cm) from the base station (BS) or head-end (HE). Initially, the protocol divides up the network into groups formed by one contention mini-slot (cms) per region and a group of users (with the group size equals the avg. number of users per cms in the network) allocated to that particular cms. Afterwards, the cms bandwidth is re-allocated inter-regionally (regrouped) and the total channel bandwidth is re-distributed between the cms and ds (data slot) based on the feedback received on the collision and available resource (bandwidth) conditions of the network during the previous round-trip time (rtt). The protocol is executed in the network at each rtt by running the feedback mechanism, regrouping, and re-distributing the bandwidth. The advanced network simulator (ANS-1) written in MATLAB using my novel abstractions and the novel Nasrin traffic generation and distribution model are used to evaluate the protocol in a flexible and reliable network simulation environment. The results showed high fair utilization and low waste of the required cms and data bandwidth with high collision reduction. The proposed approach accomplishes a record 80% cms collision reduction and 85% cms and 100% data bandwidth utilization (guaranteeing high QoS and capacity) while providing high controllability to the BS/HE for reducing the probability of collisions. The protocol achieves these improvements by distributing the cms to small groups of users (reducing the probabilities of uncontrollable and high collisions), repeating its execution (thinning the accumulation and repetitions of collisions), and managing the ds and cms resource requirements with feedback to allocate the resources to the needy regions (reducing the probabilities of buildup and recurrences of collisions).
Depression and the Reporting of Diabetes Symptoms

The relationship of diabetes symptoms to current mood and general metabolic control was studied. Symptoms commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes (e.g., thirst, polyuria, weight loss) were measured in 114 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 = 57, type 2 = 57). Scores for these individual symptoms were correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). HbA1 was poorly correlated (r less than 0.2) with nine of the eleven symptoms and made a significant independent contribution only to the reporting of polyuria (p = 0.04). In contrast, depression was moderately correlated with nine symptoms and had a significant effect on the reporting of two of three hyperglycemic symptoms, five of six hypoglycemic symptoms, and both nonspecific symptoms of poor control (p less than 0.05 for each). We conclude that many reported symptoms often attributed to diabetes are more related to depressive mood than to a conventional clinical measure of blood glucose control. Diabetes symptoms may be unreliable indicators of poor metabolic control when features suggestive of depression are present.
Deterministic Chaos in Models of Human Behavior: Methodological Issues and Experimental Results

Recent work has shown that several well-known models in the system dynamics literature contain previously unsuspected regimes of deterministic chaos. Two of the most extensively analyzed are Sterman's model of the economic long wave and the production-distribution model of the Beer Distribution Game. The significance of these theoretical developments hinges on whether the chaotic regimes lie in the realistic region of parameter space. There are also questions regarding the descriptive accuracy of models of human systems that exhibit chaos. Because of data limitations and the inability to conduct controlled experiments, empirical studies at the aggregate level are not likely to resolve these questions. An alternative approach is based on laboratory experiments in which models provide a simulated environment for the study of human decisionmaking behavior. Recently, laboratory experiments have been conducted to analyze decision-making behavior in the longwave model and the Beer Distribution Game. This article describes these experiments and shows that the behavior of the subjects is explained well with a simple heuristic long used in system dynamics modeling and well grounded in behavioral decision theory. The parameters of the proposed decision rule are estimated econometrically for each subject. The parameters that characterize a significant minority of the subjects are shown to produce chaos. This direct experimental evidence that chaos can be produced by the decision-xnaking behavior of real people has important implications for the formulation, analysis, and testing of models of human behavior.
A simple perfect hashing method for static sets

Perfect hashing refers to hashing without collisions. There are a number of methods proposed in the literature for determining perfect hashing functions for a given key set. Direct perfect hashing methods are those which do not involve auxiliary table lookup. This paper proposes a direct perfect hashing method using random functions. This method is shown to be as good as any other in performance, and simple to use. >
Optical interferometers with reduced sensitivity to thermal noise

Thermal phase noise in optical interferometry can be compensated by exploiting coherence for underlying stochastic displacements and strains. The phase upon reflection from a fluctuating mirror's surface can thereby have reduced sensitivity to thermal noise.
Distinct roles of the photosystem II protein PsbS and zeaxanthin in the regulation of light harvesting in plants revealed by fluorescence lifetime snapshots

The photosystem II (PSII) protein PsbS and the enzyme violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) are known to influence the dynamics of energy-dependent quenching (qE), the component of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) that allows plants to respond to fast fluctuations in light intensity. Although the absence of PsbS and VDE has been shown to change the amount of quenching, there have not been any measurements that can detect whether the presence of these proteins alters the type of quenching that occurs. The chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime probes the excited-state chlorophyll relaxation dynamics and can be used to determine the amount of quenching as well as whether two different genotypes with the same amount of NPQ have similar dynamics of excited-state chlorophyll relaxation. We measured the fluorescence lifetimes on whole leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana throughout the induction and relaxation of NPQ for wild type and the qE mutants, npq4, which lacks PsbS; npq1, which lacks VDE and cannot convert violaxanthin to zeaxanthin; and npq1 npq4, which lacks both VDE and PsbS. These measurements show that although PsbS changes the amount of quenching and the rate at which quenching turns on, it does not affect the relaxation dynamics of excited chlorophyll during quenching. In addition, the data suggest that PsbS responds not only to ΔpH but also to the Δψ across the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, the presence of VDE, which is necessary for the accumulation of zeaxanthin, affects the excited-state chlorophyll relaxation dynamics.
An Analysis and Synthesis of DLOQ-Based Learning Organization Research:

The problemThe development of the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) has been contributing to the research on the learning organization both academically and practically. ...
Second-order nonlinear polarizability of various biphenyl derivatives

The second-order nonlinear polarizabilities of several organic molecules derived from the cyanobiphenyl structure are compared by using second-harmonic generation from molecular monolayers. Changes in optical nonlinearity with changes in molecular structure are discussed.
Detection of Enzyme Activity Variants in Mice

The measurement and assessment of mutagenic risk to man partially depends upon further development of test methods which detect a broad spectrum of induced lesions in experimental animals [1, 2]. In addition to the phenotypic specific locus test and test systems which detect transmitted chromosomal damage, several promising biochemical test methods have been proposed [2–4]. However, these latter approaches measure qualitative characteristics of proteins to detect variants having alterations in enzyme electrophoretic mobility. Approximately two-thirds of all possible amino acid substitutions result in no apparent change in net charge but may result in an unstable protein. Additionally, some deletions, chain terminations, etc., may lead to inactive or absent proteins [5]. Modification of electrophoretic methods to detect these types of genetic alteration requires the laborious construction of specific genetic stocks.
Mothers' academic gender stereotypes and education-related beliefs about sons and daughters in African American families.

The role of African American mothers' academic gender stereotype endorsement in shaping achievement-related expectations for and perceptions of their own children was examined. Mothers (N = 334) of 7th and 8th graders completed measures of expectations for their children's future educational attainment, perceptions of their children's academic competence, and academic gender stereotypes. Consistent with hypotheses, mothers held less favorable expectations for sons and perceived sons to be less academically competent than daughters. In addition, mothers reported stereotypes favoring girls over boys in academic domains; stereotype endorsement, in turn, was related to mothers' educational expectations for and beliefs about the academic competence of their own children, even with youths' actual achievement controlled. Negative stereotypes about the academic abilities of African American boys may create a negative feedback loop, thereby contributing to the maintenance of the gender gap in African Americans' educational outcomes.
Non-Native Speakers of English and their Composition Abilities: A Review and Analysis

Writing is a creative process that requires not only the mechanical skills that transfer language forms to paper, but also the linguistic and cognitive skills which underlie the production of these language forms. Linguistic skills for the writer include the knowledge of and ability to manipulate language to produce the idea units that represent that which a given individual wishes to express. Cognitive skills for the writer include patterns of logic and rhetoric — patterns which shape idea units both in the speaker’s mind and in their production and, in addition, patterns whose acquisition is far given in the process of learning a second language.
A Small, Closed Aquarium System for Nautilus

As described in Chapter 35, aquarium displays of living Nautilus are now featured at numerous public aquaria. Although the number of such exhibits has increased in recent years, they are limited primarily to large public institutions, where professional staffing and facilities are possible; these necessities are not available at smaller institutions with limited budgets. The experience at Boise State University has demonstrated that a small, closed-circulation aquarium, customized to specific needs, can be constructed to accommodate long-term maintenance of Nautilus, with relatively small expenditure and investment of time. The system described in this chapter was designed and used primarily for educational and display purposes; it has proven worthwhile and easy to construct and maintain.
Infestation by Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) of newly harvested wheat stored on three Kansas farms

The vertical distributions of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in newly harvested wheat, Triticum aestivum L., on three Kansas farms during the first two months of storage were studied to characterize the process of infestation. In three bins, the number of adult C. ferrugineus tended to decrease from top to bottom layers of grain. In the fourth bin, the numbers decreased from top and bottom layers to middle layers. A regression model explained 82.2% of the Variation between bins. These data suggest that most of the insect infestation occurred after the wheat was loaded into the bin instead of before or during loading and that insects then dispersed from the grain surfaces into the grain mass.
Regulation of the T Cell Response by CD39

The ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1, or CD39) catalyzes the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular ATP (eATP) and ADP (eADP) released under conditions of inflammatory stress and cell injury. CD39 generates AMP, which is in turn used by the ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73 to synthesize adenosine. These ectonucleotidases have a major impact on the dynamic equilibrium of proinflammatory eATP and ADP nucleotides versus immunosuppressive adenosine nucleosides. Indeed, CD39 plays a dominant role in the purinergic regulation of inflammation and the immune response because its expression is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We review the specific role of CD39 in the kinetic regulation of cellular immune responses in the evolution of disease. We focus on the effects of CD39 on T cells and explore potential clinical applications in autoimmunity, chronic infections, and cancer.
Moving Beyond Motive-based categories of Targeted Violence

Today’s categories for responding to targeted violence are motive-based and tend to drive policies, practices, training, media coverage, and research. These categories are based on the assumption that there are significant differences between ideological and non-ideological actors and between domestic and international actors. We question the reliance on these categories and offer an alternative way to frame the response to multiple forms of targeted violence. We propose adopting a community-based multidisciplinary approach to assess risk and provide interventions that are focused on the pre-criminal space. We describe four capabilities that should be implemented locally by establishing and maintaining multidisciplinary response teams that combine community and law-enforcement components: (1) community members are educated, making them better able to identify and report patterns associated with elevated risk for violence; (2) community-based professionals are trained to assess the risks for violent behavior posed by individuals; (3) community-based professionals learn to implement strategies that directly intervene in causal factors for those individuals who are at elevated risk; and (4) community-based professionals learn to monitor and assess an individual’s risk for violent behaviors on an ongoing basis. Community-based multidisciplinary response teams have the potential to identify and help persons in the pre-criminal space and tomore » reduce barriers that have traditionally impeded community/law-enforcement collaboration.« less
A traveling feature in Saturn’s rings

Abstract The co-orbital satellites of Saturn, Janus and Epimetheus, swap radial positions every 4.0 years. Since Cassini has been in orbit about Saturn, this has occurred on 21 January in 2006, 2010, and 2014. We describe the effects of this radial migration in the Lindblad resonance locations of Janus within the rings. When the swap occurs such that Janus moves towards Saturn and Epimetheus away, nonlinear interference between now-relocated density waves launches a solitary wave that travels through the rings with a velocity approximately twice that of the local spiral density wave group velocity in the A ring and commensurate with the spiral density wave group velocity in the B ring.
Form 13F (Mis)Filings

We examine the reliability of Form 13F filings and find significant reporting errors. Using a hand-collected sample of 13F filings by bank holding companies, we show that (1) reported holdings do not always appear on the SEC’s Official List, (2) market prices of Official List securities are often inaccurate, and (3) amended 13F reports are sometimes less accurate than the original filings. Overall, our evidence shows that reliance on 13F filings is unwarranted for both private investors and capital markets researchers. One important implication of our findings is that investors using 13F-based (i.e., copycat) trading strategies should exercise extreme caution..
Moderation of the Relation of County-Level Cost of Living to Nutrition by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

Objectives. To examine the association of county-level cost of living with nutrition among low-income Americans.Methods. We used the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (2012–2013; n = 14 313; including 5414 persons in households participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]) to examine associations between county-level cost-of-living metrics and both food acquisitions and the Healthy Eating Index, with control for individual-, household-, and county-level covariates and accounting for unmeasured confounders influencing both area of living and food acquisition.Results. Living in a higher-cost county—particularly one with high rent costs—was associated with significantly lower volume of acquired vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; greater volume of acquired refined grains, fats and oils, and added sugars; and an 11% lower Healthy Eating Index score. Participation in SNAP was associated with nutritional improvements among persons living in higher-cost counties.C...
Using Rotary Shadow Electron Microscopy to Characterize Semaphorin-Mediated Growth Cone Collapse

Rotary shadow electron microscopy (EM) of growth cone cytoskeletons provides a high-resolution method for detecting both global and macromolecular changes in cytoskeletal organization or structure. This approach can be used to study responses to repulsive guidance factors such as semaphorin 3A. Here I describe the procedures used to prepare cultured neurons for rotary-shadow EM, allowing detailed comparisons of cytoskeletal structure.
A scale-invariant Cassinian metric

We introduce a scale-invariant version of the Cassinian metric and study its basic properties. We establish connections between the new metric and other well-known metrics such as, j-metric, \(\tilde{j}\)-metric, the half-apollonian metric, and the hyperbolic metric. We also show that the density of the new metric is the same as the density of the quasihyperbolic metric.
Capsular polysaccharide production and serum survival of Vibrio vulnificus are dependent on antitermination control by RfaH

The human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus undergoes phase variation among colonial morphotypes, including a virulent opaque form which produces capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and a translucent phenotype that produces little or no CPS and is attenuated. Here, we found that a V. vulnificus mutant defective for RfaH antitermination control showed a diminished capacity to undergo phase variation and displayed significantly reduced distal gene expression within the Group I CPS operon. Moreover, the rfaH mutant produced negligible CPS and was highly sensitive to killing by normal human serum, results which indicate that RfaH is likely essential for virulence in this bacterium.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Biology and Restenosis

Percutaneous revascularization procedures are selected with increasing frequency as the therapy of choice for many patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Balloon angioplasty and related interventional strategies achieve vessel patency rates of > 95% by clinical and angiographic criteria; however, in 30–40% of patients, the long-term success of this outcome is jeopardized by restenosis [1–4]. Despite recent innovations in device design and the introduction of novel adjunctive therapies, the rate of clinical restenosis has only marginally improved.
Photos of breastfeeding in uniform: contesting discourses of masculinity, nationalism, and the military

ABSTRACTThis discourse analysis examined posts in online comment boards about two different photographs of military mothers breastfeeding in uniform to unpack the Discourses that underlie criticism of nursing servicewomen. News coverage in 2012 of a photo of two air-force mothers breastfeeding negatively characterized it as controversial. The news framing in 2015 of a similar picture of 10 army mothers was more positive, presenting it as progressive. This analysis investigated whether the audience responses to the visuals evolved along with the media narrative, and it examined which Discourses were deployed by commenters to critique the military mothers. Discourses of Good Motherhood, the Good Worker, and Sexuality were all found to fuel distain for breastfeeding in public, while Discourses of Military Masculinity, Masculine Nationalism, and Women’s Progress Undermines the Military were aimed specifically at breastfeeding servicewomen.
Non-Concerted Reduction of Cytochromes f and b6 in Mutants Affecting the Cytochrome f Internal Water Chain

The high resolution structure of cytochrome f contains an internal chain of water molecules whose O atoms of the chain have occupancies and thermal factors comparable to those of the neighboring atoms (1,2). The longer arm of the ‘L’ shaped chain extends 11 A from the Nδ1 nitrogen of the heme, histidine ligand, His25, in the direction of Lys66 in the cluster of basic residues on the cytochrome surface (2). Essentially all residues that form hydrogen bonds with the O atoms of the water molecules are invariant among the known cytochromef sequences. H bonds are contributed only by side chains (Gln, Asn) and backbone atoms whose pK values are outside the physiological range. Thus, once protons enter the H20 chain, they either exit the chain at the other end or bounce back and forth in the chain. This apparent “proton wire” nature of the water chain suggests a possible function in a lumen-side exit port for protons translocated by the b6f complex (1,3).
Abstract 245: Synergistic Effects of Nicotine and Angiotensin II: Implications for Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Smokers

Increased generation of Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a key role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cigarette smoking accelerates the progression of CKD of different etiologies including hypertension and diabetes. We have shown that nicotine (NIC), a biologically active compound present in large amounts in tobacco, worsens the severity of injury in experimental models of CKD. The aim of this study is to determine whether NIC and ANG II have synergistic effects on fibronectin production and proliferation in mesangial cells (MC). Rat MC were exposed to different concentrations of NIC (10 -4 M to 10 -10 M) and/or ANG II (10 -6 M to 10 -10 M) for 24 hours. Fibronectin production was measured by western blot and proliferation by EdU incorporation. As shown in Table 1, NIC and ANG II have synergistic effects on the production of fibronectin in MC. Shown in Table 2, NIC and ANG II have additive effects on MC proliferation. These synergistic effects of NIC and ANG II may explain the deleterious effects of smoking in conditions associated with increased activation of the renin angiotensin system.
Social Foundations of Education as an Unwelcome Counter-Narrative and as Educational Praxis

I am grateful for this opportunity to reflect on the field of Social Foundations of Education (SFE), in part because it affords an opportunity to advance an historical analysis of the trajectory of...
Analysis Tools for Evaluating the Effects of Land-Use and Fiscal Control Policies in Developing Communities

This paper discusses research in developing new mathematical models to aid planners and elected officials at the county and township level in planning for rational suburban growth over the next ten to fifteen years. These models will enable local decisionmakers to assess the demographic, fiscal, and land-use impacts of development that result from the application of certain land-use and fiscal policies by the community. The final computerized version of these tools will be implemented on-line to enable the model to be used in an interactive mode by interested citizens and officials. In this way alternative controlling actions, input as growth scenarios, may be evaluated instantaneously. The theoretical underpinnings for these models have been obtained through analysis of the literature and by consultation with local officials. The data to calibrate and validate the mathematical relationships are obtained using as a case-study the suburban township of Brunswick in the Albany-Schenectady-Troy metropolitan area of New York State.
Purloined Provenances: Reflections on Authority and Authenticity in African Art

Recent studies of specific African artworks have enriched our understanding of their social biographies, the network of relationships the art objects forged as they travelled through time and space...
Broadband Green's function with higher order extractions for arbitrary shaped waveguide obeying Neumann boundary conditions

The broadband Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) consists of low wavenumber method of moments (MoM) solutions combined with modal representations of Green's functions. BBGFL is suitable for broadband simulations because the modal functions are independent of frequencies. In this paper, we extend the formulation of the higher-order extraction method (sixth-order convergence) to an arbitrarily-shaped homogeneous waveguide obeying Neumann boundary conditions. Results from BBGFL are in good agreement with those computed by direct MoM and HFSS. This method can be applied to exact, fast and broadband computation of multiple resonant frequencies and modes of arbitrarily-shaped PCB power/ground planes.
A linear array of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe for low-energy gamma rays

Abstract Large-area arrays of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors with enhanced energy resolution and high efficiency have been proposed for spectroscopy and imaging of gamma-ray sources. Here, we present the design and test results of a linear array of such detectors optimized for use in handheld instruments. There are several application areas for such detectors including uranium enrichment measurements, storage monitoring, dosimetry and other nuclear safeguards related tasks. The array configuration provides a large area with minimum number of readout channels, which potentially allows the developers to avoid using ASIC-based readout electronics by substituting it with hybrid preamplifiers followed by digitizers. The array prototype consists of 6 5 × 7 × 25 mm3 CZT detectors side-oriented with respect to the source to achieve the maximum area. Each detector is furnished with 5 mm-wide charge-sensing pads placed near the anode. As an option, the pads can be grouped together to reduce the number of readout channels. The same can be done with the cathodes. The pads signals are converted into X–Y coordinates and combined with the cathode signals (for the Z coordinates) to give 3D positional information of each interaction point. This information is used to correct the response non-uniformity caused by material inhomogeneity, which allows the developers to use standard grade (unselected) CZT crystals, while retaining high spectroscopic performance.