cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
El tráfico de culíes a Cuba en El equipaje amarillo, de Marta Rojas

AbstractChinese immigration in Cuba has been a literary motive for authors such as Jose Marti, Jose Lezama Lima, Severo Sarduy, Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Miguel Barnet, Daina Chaviano, and Mayra M...
Application of Common Midpoint Gathers to Medical Pulse-Echo Ultrasound for Optimal Coherence and Improved Sound Speed Estimation in Layered Media

In seismic imaging, common midpoint (CMP) gathers are collections of time-series data organized by source-receiver pairs having a common midpoint. CMP gathers have been used in geophysics to image the subsurface of the Earth and estimate wave velocity as a function of depth. According to the Van Cittert-Zernike (VCZ) theorem, if the signals from a CMP gather are focused using an ideal set of delays based on the true speed of sound in the medium, there should be a perfect correlation between any two signals in the CMP gather in the absence of noise. In ultrasound imaging, Walker et al. have applied this concept to translating transmit and receive apertures. The goal of this work is to apply CMP gathers to pulse-echo ultrasound imaging in order to improve coherence-based sound speed estimation in layered media.
Topological two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger analogue acoustic networks: Total reflection at corners and corner induced modes

In this work, we investigate some aspects of an acoustic analogue of the two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. The system is composed of alternating cross-section tubes connected in a square network, which in the limit of narrow tubes is described by a discrete model coinciding with the two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. This model is known to host topological edge waves, and we develop a scattering theory to analyze how these waves scatter on edge structure changes. We show that these edge waves undergo a perfect reflection when scattering on a corner, incidentally leading to a new way of constructing corner modes. It is shown that reflection is high for a broad class of edge changes such as steps or defects. We then study consequences of this high reflectivity on finite networks. Globally, it appears that each straight part of edges, separated by corners or defects, hosts localized edge modes isolated from their neighbourhood.
Selective targeting of peripheral cannabinoid receptors prevents behavioral symptoms and sensitization of trigeminal neurons in mouse models of migraine and medication overuse headache.

ABSTRACT Migraine affects ∼15% of the world's population greatly diminishing their quality of life. Current preventative treatments are effective in only a subset of migraine patients, and although cannabinoids seem beneficial in alleviating migraine symptoms, central nervous system side effects limit their widespread use. We developed peripherally restricted cannabinoids (PRCBs) that relieve chronic pain symptoms of cancer and neuropathies, without appreciable central nervous system side effects or tolerance development. Here, we determined PRCB effectiveness in alleviating hypersensitivity symptoms in mouse models of migraine and medication overuse headache. Long-term glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 10 mg/kg) administration led to increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 proteins in trigeminal ganglia. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid pretreatment, but not posttreatment, prevented behavioral and biochemical correlates of GTN-induced sensitization. Low pH-activated and allyl isothiocyanate-activated currents in acutely isolated trigeminal neurons were reversibly attenuated by PRCB application. Long-term GTN treatment significantly enhanced these currents. Long-term sumatriptan treatment also led to the development of allodynia to mechanical and cold stimuli that was slowly reversible after sumatriptan discontinuation. Subsequent challenge with a previously ineffective low-dose GTN (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) revealed latent behavioral sensitization and increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 proteins in trigeminal ganglia. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid pretreatment prevented all behavioral and biochemical correlates of allodynia and latent sensitization. Importantly, long-term PRCB treatment alone did not produce any behavioral or biochemical signs of sensitization. These data validate peripheral cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets in migraine and medication overuse headache.
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: Transcriptomic data.

Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain RM13514 is a clinical isolate linked to the 2010 romaine lettuce-associated outbreak in the U.S. The genes encoding a type II restriction and modification system, PstI R-M, are located in a prophage genome that is also encoding Shiga toxin. In-frame deletion of the PstI R-M genes or dam, encoding a DNA adenine methylase, in strain RM13514 were generated, resulting in two mutant strains MQC599 and MQC602, respectively. The mutant strain MQC599 exhibited a similar growth rate as the wild-type (WT) strain RM13514 when grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth at 37 °C. In contrast, the growth of mutant strain MQC602 was significantly slower than either RM13514 or MQC599. Genes transcriptionally regulated by the PstI R-M system or by Dam were examined by the RNA-Seq based comparative transcriptomics. The total RNA was extracted from cells of each strain grown in LB broth at exponential and stationary phases. Three biological replicates were collected for each strain. After removal of ribosomal RNA, the mRNAs were converted to cDNAs followed by Illumina sequence library construction. For strains RM13514 and MQC599, six libraires were generated for each, three from the cells in the exponential growth phase and three from the cells in the stationary phase. For strain MQC602, three additional libraries were constructed from the cells in the early exponential growth phase. The resulting 21 libraries were combined in equal amounts and sequenced on an Illumina HighSeq 2000 instrument with the Paired End 100 bp (PE100) read format, generating a total of 45.83 Gbp sequence reads. This set of sequence data is available in the NCBI SRA database under the BioProject accession number PRJNA684587 . This set of transcriptomic data provides information on methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation in STEC, an important foodborne pathogen that is frequently associated with large epidemic outbreaks and can cause life-threatening disease in humans [1] . This set of data will be useful for researchers who are interested in physiology and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens or in the fundamental mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in bacteria.
Predicting road quality using high resolution satellite imagery: A transfer learning approach.

Recognizing the importance of road infrastructure to promote human health and economic development, actors around the globe are regularly investing in both new roads and road improvements. However, in many contexts there is a sparsity—or complete lack—of accurate information regarding existing road infrastructure, challenging the effective identification of where investments should be made. Previous literature has focused on overcoming this gap through the use of satellite imagery to detect and map roads. In this piece, we extend this literature by leveraging satellite imagery to estimate road quality and concomitant information about travel speed. We adopt a transfer learning approach in which a convolutional neural network architecture is first trained on data collected in the United States (where data is readily available), and then “fine-tuned” on an independent, smaller dataset collected from Nigeria. We test and compare eight different convolutional neural network architectures using a dataset of 53,686 images of 2,400 kilometers of roads in the United States, in which each road segment is measured as “low”, “middle”, or “high” quality using an open, cellphone-based measuring platform. Using satellite imagery to estimate these classes, we achieve an accuracy of 80.0%, with 99.4% of predictions falling within the actual or an adjacent class. The highest performing base model was applied to a preliminary case study in Nigeria, using a dataset of 1,000 images of paved and unpaved roads. By tailoring our US-model on the basis of this Nigeria-specific data, we were able to achieve an accuracy of 94.0% in predicting the quality of Nigerian roads. A continuous case estimate also showed the ability, on average, to predict road quality to within 0.32 on a 0 to 3 scale (with higher values indicating higher levels of quality).
General situation of heating transformation of thermal power units in Shandong Power Grid

This paper introduces the basic situation of thermal power units in Shandong power grid, the mode of unit heating transformation, the results of installed capacity and heating area after the transformation of heating, and the main work of Shandong power grid in ensuring people's livelihood heating and promoting the peak load adjustment of thermal power units.
Testing Water For Its Purity

§ 185 (a). Here we use silver solution (§ 94), or dissolved sugar of lead (§ 125 (a)), which is dripped into the water. If it does not become cloudy here, then it is pure and free from foreign substances. We never find wells, and seldom springs, in which the water does not change with sugar of lead, but sometimes lakes [have water that does not change with sugar of lead]. A very pure water becomes yellowish with blauholtz [word of German origin, meaning logwood].
Scanning-Beam Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The morphology and the existence of a growth cycle of Mycoplasma pneumoniae have not been clearly established. There is disagreement as to whether this organism exists as a spherical or filamentous form, and whether it progresses from filamentous to spherical forms as the organism ages. A scanning-beam electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to provide detailed observations of the cycle of morphological changes during growth phases of M. pneumoniae. Cultures of cells grown and fixed in liquid suspension displayed morphological changes from spherical to filamentous and then to larger round forms. After 8 hr to 2 days of growth (phase I), spherical forms and aggregates were revealed. Two- to 6-day-old growth (phase II) was composed of both straight and branching filaments with bulbous elements situated at intervals along their lengths, and microcolonies composed predominantly of intertwined filaments. Six- to 10-day-old growth (phase III) was characterized by flattened, spherical organisms larger than those observed in phase I, occasional membranes or ghosts, and a paucity of aggregates or microcolonies. Thus, stereo-scan electron microscopic studies suggest that M. pneumoniae undergoes an orderly and sequential metamorphosis during its life cycle.
Vocabulary Learning: Sentence Contexts Linked by Events in Scenarios Facilitate Third Graders’ Memory for Verb Meanings

An experiment compared the impact of more and less semantically connected sentence contexts on vocabulary learning. Third graders (N = 40) were taught the definitions and meanings of six unfamiliar verbs: anticipate, attain, devise, restrain, wield, and persist. The verbs were embedded in four sets of sentences written to fill syntactic and semantic slots that fully activated the verbs’ meanings. Students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the cohesive condition, the verbs were embedded in sentences that contributed events to a common scenario such as a birthday party, hence creating semantic connections among the verbs and other content words in the sentences. The meanings of the verbs bore no inherent relationship to the scenarios, so connections arose from the sentence contexts. In the unconnected condition, the verbs were embedded in sentences that were equally meaningful but described independent, unrelated events and hence minimized semantic connections among the verbs and sentences. An experimenter read definitions and sentences orally while students followed along in print. The hypothesis tested was that students would learn verb meanings better in cohesive than unconnected contexts. This was confirmed on posttests assessing memory for definitions, sentence generation, and correct verb usage in sentences. Explanations of the effect of context cohesion on vocabulary learning are drawn from latent semantic analysis and schema theory. Word-reading skill was a stronger predictor of students’ vocabulary learning than their general vocabulary knowledge despite no need to decode words, suggesting the contribution of orthographic mapping to vocabulary learning.
Crime Films: Bullitt and the Police Film

The conventional behavior of police heroes, from their maverick attitudinizing to their ubiquitous car chases, is so well established that it is easy to forget how dramatically it departs from the behavior of most police officers in literature or life. Police detectives had existed as early in prose fiction as Dickens (Inspector Bucket in Bleak House , 1852–3) and Wilkie Collins (Sergeant Cuff in The Moonstone , 1868); Georges Simenon's indefatigable Inspector Maigret had debuted in 1931; and Sidney Kingsley's grindingly realistic play Detective Story had premiered on Broadway in 1949. But the conventions of the genre laid down by the Commander Gideon police-procedural series of J. J. Marric (aka John Creasey) beginning in 1955, and by Cop Hater , the first of Ed McBain's 87th Precinct novels, the following year were the emphasis on the daily routines of a given group of police officers, rather than their rare dramatic breakthroughs, and on the presentation of several overlapping cases simultaneously. Together these two innovations conferred a soap-opera sense of endlessness on the routines of McBain's and Marric's fictional police departments. These cops struggle to bring each one of their assignments to a successful conclusion as if the case in hand is uniquely important, even though they know it will be followed by numberless further crimes.
TURNING CASES INTO DATA

This article demonstrates a method of implementation path analysis, which can be used as a data collection and analysis technique for conducting and comparing longitudinal case studies of technology introduction. The method is used to structure and supplement, rather than supplant, traditional case studies; it translates the thick description of case studies into quantifiable data. Examples which demonstrate the use of the method are used to show patterns within one case over time; across cases to develop hypotheses and focus; and to create generalizations from a set of cases. The main feature of the method is that it considers the individual decision or event, rather than a total case as the unit of analysis.
Abstract 3998: Network-based identification of gene signatures of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Metastasis is a major cause of death in breast cancer patients. Breast cancer cells at the primary site gain metastatic ability through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During the process, cancer cells lose cell-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin repression and gain motility and invasive properties to penetrate the basement membrane and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system in order to travel to distant metastatic sites. To investigate the underlying gene regulation mechanism of EMT, we established an EMT gene regulatory network. We first built and validated an EMT signal pathway by Ingenuity Knowledge Base, a repository of expertly curated biological interactions and functional annotations from literatures. Based on gene profiling data of 590 breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and over 370 breast cancer patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we modeled the gene regulation mechanism of each gene and its expression regulators in the EMT signal pathway in a stochastic Markov Chain model. In order to identify biomarkers and to determine the dynamical transition process at molecular level during EMT, it is important to identify the corresponding gene expression patterns of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Several studies have already demonstrated that stable gene expression patterns correspond to stable cell phenotypes. In this study, we reported a cost-efficient computational algorithm developed to identify these stable gene signatures and validate them with gene expression profiles of human mammary epithelial cells and transduced mesenchymal cells. Citation Format: YANG CONG, Ming Zhan, Stephen T. Wong. Network-based identification of gene signatures of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3998. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3998
Cell signalling. Calmodulin at the channel gate.

When calcium enters the cell it regulates a host of intracellular signalling processes, including activity of the channels that transported it in there. These voltage-gated Ca2+ channels can be either inactivated or stimulated by Ca2+, and it now turns out that both of these functions are modulated by the same molecule — the classical Ca2+receptor protein calmodulin.
Ideles and Adeles

In classical number theory, one embeds a number field in the Cartesian product of its completions at the archimedean absolute values, i.e. in a Euclidean space. In more recent years (more precisely since Chevalley introduced ideles in 1936, and Weil gave his adelic proof of the Riemann- Roch theorem soon afterwards), it has been found most convenient to take the product over the completions at all absolute values, including the p-adic ones, with a suitable restriction on the components, to be explained below. This chapter merely gives the most elementary facts concerning the ideles and adeles (corresponding to a multiplicative and additive construction respectively), and their topologies. In each case, we prove a certain compactness theorem, and construct a fundamental domain. Although we use the existence of fundamental domains later, we shall not need any explicit form for them.
Two photon couplings of the lightest isoscalars from BELLE data

Amplitude Analysis of two photon production of ππ and K¯K, using S-matrix constraints and fitting all available data, including the latest precision results from Belle, yields a single partial wave solution up to 1.4 GeV. The two photon couplings of the σ/f0(500), f0(980) and f2(1270) are determined from the residues of the resonance poles.
Improved comminution efficiency through controlled blasting during mining

Improved comminution efficiencies of material that had been blasted utilizing regular burden and spacing distances and that which had been blasted utilizing a reduction in burden and spacing distance of 25% are compared. Single particle impact tests showed that fracture stress and fracture energy are about 15% less for the reduced burden and spacing material. Single particle roll mill crushing revealed that about 25% less energy is required to crush reduced burden and spacing material in comparison to the regular burden and spacing material.
Sputtered films of nickel and nickel oxide

We have used radio frequency sputtering from Ni and NiO targets to produce thin films of about 300 A thickness [1 3] . The atomic arrangements in these films were sensitive to the deposition and the substrate temperatures, and the incorporation of oxygen from the sputtering gas. The structures of the films were studied by a scanning electron diffraction technique. F.c.c., h.c.p, and amorphous nickelrich phases as well as cubic, spinel-like and amorphous NiO were observed.
Binding of Upstream Stimulatory Factor and a Cell-specific Activator to the Calcitonin/Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Enhancer

Abstract The calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CT/CGRP) gene is selectively transcribed in thyroid C cells and neurons. We have previously shown that the rat CT/CGRP cell-specific enhancer is synergistically regulated by a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein and the OB2 octamer-binding protein. In this report, we show that the HLH-OB2 enhancer is required for full promoter activity, even in the context of other HLH elements. Since this enhancer appears to be a major controlling element, we have characterized the HLH and OB2 DNA binding proteins. We have identified the major HLH complex as a heterodimer of the ubiquitous upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1 and USF-2 proteins. USF bound the enhancer with a reasonably high affinity (K D 1.6 nm), comparable to other genes. Characterization of a series of mutations revealed that a portion of the HLH motif is also recognized by OB2 and confirmed that HLH activity requires OB2. We have shown that OB2 is a single DNA binding protein based on UV cross-linking studies. The 68-kDa protein-DNA complex was detected only in C cell lines, including a human C cell line that has robust HLH-OB2 enhancer activity. These results suggest that the calcitonin/CGRP gene is controlled by the combinatorial activity of a ubiquitous USF HLH heterodimer and an associated cell-specific activator.
Flow Characterization of a Polymer Electronic Membrane Fuel Cell Manifold and Individual Cells Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Detailed measurements of flow through a model of a fuel cell stack were made using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The objective was to obtain high caliber sets of velocity fields in both the inlet manifold and within the cells over a range of Reynolds numbers in order to provide a benchmark for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data and to demonstrate relationships between flow distributions in the manifold and those along the cells of the stack. A scaled up model was built and placed in a wind tunnel under uniform inlet flow conditions. Using the PIV technique, instantaneous flowfields were captured which were then averaged to obtain mean and fluctuating velocity statistics. Based on analysis of the data, relationships were found between manifold and cell flow distributions. Within the inlet manifold, magnitudes of normalized streamwise velocities were found to increase towards the aft of the manifold with Reynolds number. This was believed to be associated with the more severe cell flow maldistributions which were found to exist with increasing Reynolds numbers. Examination of instantaneous velocity distributions in the manifold demonstrated the existence of discrete vortical structures and complex fluid motions towards the aft, resulting in increased velocity fluctuations in this region. Velocity fluctuations within the cells were also found to increase towards the aft of the stack, leading to higher flow unsteadiness in these cells.
A PATH ANALYSIS OF R&D TEAM COORDINATION AND PERFORMANCE

Present theory and empirical research on behavioral phenomena in R&D management are both noncumulative and nonintegrative. The present research attempts to fill a portion of this lacuna by empirically examining the relationship between R&D team coordination and performance and how it is influenced by task certainty, task interdependence, team cohesiveness, and team size. The results of the study indicate that coordination in R&D teams is related to their performance. Further, it was found that all of the variables with the exception of team size were antecedents of either team coordination or performance. These and other results are discussed in the context of group dynamics and past research.
Navigating the Management of Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Subtypes: A Classic PTC Comparison

There are three subtypes of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (fvPTC): completely encapsulated, well circumscribed, and infiltrative. While infiltrative tumors are more aggressive than completely encapsulated, controversy exists regarding management of fvPTC subtypes. We compared the clinicopathologic features of fvPTC subtypes to those of classic PTC (cPTC) to help guide fvPTC management, using cPTC as a reference. A retrospective review was performed on 316 patients with PTC treated at a single institution from 2004 to 2011. There were 197 cPTC and 119 fvPTC tumors, including completely encapsulated (n = 46), well circumscribed (n = 46), and infiltrative (n = 27). Clinicopathologic data were compared between groups. fvPTC patients had larger tumors than cPTC patients (1.6 cm vs. 1.2 cm, p = 0.001), but age, sex, and family history did not differ. Thirty-one percent of cPTC tumors had extrathyroidal extension compared to 0 % of completely encapsulated, 0 % of well-circumscribed, and 52 % of infiltrative fvPTC tumors (p < 0.05). Central lymph node metastasis occurred in 50 % of cPTC compared to 0 % in completely encapsulated, 20 % in well-circumscribed, and 72 % in infiltrative fvPTC tumors (p < 0.05). Notably, lymph node metastasis was significantly lower in completely encapsulated than in well-circumscribed tumors, without a difference in the median number of nodes sampled. There were no differences in lymphovascular invasion or extranodal extension. Like cPTC tumors, infiltrative fvPTC tumors have aggressive clinicopathologic features and thus should be treated similarly. Conversely, completely encapsulated and well-circumscribed tumors have less aggressive features compared to cPTC and are more self-limiting; however, well-circumscribed tumors still have a notable incidence of lymph node metastasis. Clinicians should consider this variability in their management algorithm for fvPTC.
Formation of methylation patterns in the mammalian genome

Cytosine methylation in mammals is an epigenetic modification required for viability of the developing embryo. It has been suggested that DNA methylation plays important roles in X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting, protection of the genome from invasive DNA sequences, and compartmentalization of the genome into active and condensed regions. Despite the significance of DNA methylation in mammalian cells, the mechanisms used to establish methylation patterns during development are not understood. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge about potential roles for cis- and trans-acting factors in the formation of methylation patterns in the mammalian genome.
Assignation of sweet cherry selections to 3 taste groupings based on perceived sweetness and sourness.

: Providing consumers with basic taste properties of sweet cherries at point of purchase would allow consumers to make purchase decisions based on fruit's intrinsic sensory attributes. The objective of this study was to develop a model to predict taste-grouping assignation of cherries into the following categories: (1) low sweetness/high sourness, (2) balance between sweetness and sourness, and (3) high sweetness/low sourness. A sensory panel (n = 10) was trained to recognize sweetness and sourness in 5 cultivars of sweet cherries and assign a taste grouping based on the perceived balance of sweetness and sourness. Four of these same cultivars were then evaluated for sweetness and sourness by a consumer panel (n = 117) and instrumentally for titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids concentration (SSC). Results showed that for 3 of the 4 cherry cultivars, the sweetness/sourness balance of the cherries was not significantly different as evaluated instrumentally or by the trained panel. However, the balance determined by the consumer and the trained panel was different for 3 of the 4 cherry cultivars (P < 0.05). Based on trained panel perceived sweetness and sourness, a multinomial logit model was developed to predict the assignation of cherry taste grouping. The likelihood of group assignment depended on both the perceived sweetness and sourness of the cherry, with taste groupings agreed upon for 3 of 5 sweet cherry cultivars. As previous studies have indicated a positive relationship between cherry sweetness and sourness to consumer acceptance, these groupings show promise for assisting consumers in cherry selection at the point of purchase. Practical Applications: The prediction models proposed in this study suggest that both sweetness and sourness are important in the cherry characterization and the ratio between the 2 attributes may be appropriate for making taste-grouping assignments. These groupings may then be used to provide additional sensory information to consumers to assist them in cherry selection at the point of purchase.
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering from an Ag Nanorod Array Substrate: The Site Dependent Enhancement and Layer Absorbance Effect

We have designed experiments to put Raman probe molecules on different locations of Ag nanorod array substrates and found that the apparent enhancement factor for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is about 50−200 times from the surface of the nanorods than that from the Ag thin film surface under an Ag nanorods array. When excited from the top of Ag nanorod array substrates, the ratio of SERS intensity excited by s-polarization to that excited by p-polarization is 1.8 to 2.2, while when excited from the bottom of Ag nanorod array substrates, this ratio becomes 0.77. These effects cannot be interpreted directly by the local electric field enhancement effect. By combining the local electric field effect calculated by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method and the anisotropic optical absorbance of the SERS signal from the anisotropic Ag nanorod array, the numerical calculations semiquantitatively agree with the experimental results.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MONTE CARLO/FOKKER-PLANCK SIMULATIONS OF FLARES IN ACCRETION DISK CORONA MODELS

We present and discuss first results of space- and time-dependent Monte Carlo/Fokker-Planck radiation transport/electron dynamics simulations of flares in accretion disk corona systems in two-dimensional, cylindrical geometry. Following a brief, general description of the code, two fundamentally different flaring mechanisms will be considered: (1) flares originating in the optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disk, whose radiation is subsequently processed through a hot, optically thin corona sandwiching the accretion disk; and (2) flares originating in the corona (e.g., magnetic flares), leading to enhanced energy release in a small portion of the corona over a short period of time. We present energy- and angle-dependent light curves, angle- and time-dependent photon spectra, and time and phase lag spectra for both classes of flaring scenarios. We also illustrate the detailed, time-dependent effect of both types of flares on the electron temperature distribution in the corona, which is calculated self-consistently, including both thermal and nonthermal heating and cooling mechanisms. Whereas for the disk-flaring scenario, the flaring is mostly restricted to X-rays below ~10 keV, accompanied by spectral softening during the flare, the coronal flaring scenario produces predominantly hard X-ray flares (restricted to E 10 keV) with spectral hardening during the flare. Both hard and soft lags may result in the disk-flaring scenario, which predicts a slight hardening of the high-frequency power spectra with increasing photon energy. In the coronal-flaring scenario, the variability around ~10 keV leads variations at other photon energies, and no dependence of the power spectra on photon energy is found.
Granuloma annulare: radiographic demonstration of progressive mutilating arthropathy with vanishing bones

Granuloma annulare, a relatively common cutaneous disorder of unknown origin, is named for its predominantly papular lesions, which tend to group and coalesce in an annular fashion. Clinically distinct subtypes are divided into localized, generalized, perforating, and subcutaneous forms. Only the superficial granulomata of the extremities in subcutaneous granuloma annulare have been radiographically depicted in the literature. We describe and illustrate what we believe is the first radiographic presentation of bone and joint involvement with advanced, generalized granuloma annulare.
Erythroid stem cell culture in serum-depleted medium

Techniques are described for the culture of multipotential, primitive, and mature mammalian erythroid colony-forming stem cells obtained from bone marrow, spleen, blood, or fetal tissues in semisolid cultures under defined, serum-deprived growth conditions. Inasmuch as colony formation is critically dependent on the presence of tissue-specific growth factors, the addition of purified recombinant interleukin-3 and erythropoietin affords the opportunity to examine the specific growth requirements of undifferentiated hematopoietic cells in a critical and quantitative manner through terminal differentiation for extended periods of time.
At- and Below-Level Pain in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Diagnosis

Pain without clinical evidence of sensation is an ironic but frequent phenomenon. An individual with a spinal cord injury (SCI) is likely to experience many types of painful sensations that can be difficult to categorize, making effective treatment protocols and research studies difficult to design. This chapter will focus on descriptions of nociceptive and neuropathic pain at and below the level of the SCI and will provide basic information about pain mechanisms and diagnostic considerations in their management. Further research is needed to help determine more effective treatments for this problem.
Papillomatous melanocytic nevi: an estrogen related phenomenon

A prospective two-month epidemiologic and histologic study of all melanocytic nevi biopsied (n = 434) at the University of Oklahoma Health Center was undertaken. Melanocytic nevi with papillomatous features (PAP) (n = 50) were found to occur predominantly in females (females = 44, males = 6; p < 0.01 adjusted for sex distribution of all melanocytic nevi). Immunohistochemical analysis of melanocytic nevi revealed concordance between PAP and intracytoplasmic nevocellular staining for estrogen-inducible pS2 protein. Melanocytic nevi without papillomatous features failed to stain for pS2 protein. These results suggest a hormone responsiveness exclusive of patient sex which may influence the pathogenesis of these distinctive melanocytic nevi.
Electrolytic analog magnetic head field studies

An inexpensive electrolytic analog was constructed with aluminum head geometry and tap water electrolyte. The analog provides a convenient method for field distribution studies of a wide range of magnetic head fields or other field geometries. This simple, easily performed method produces field data which compares very well with studies made by other techniques.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

The SRIs represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of OCD. Recent studies suggest that these medications are safe and effective for children and adolescents with OCD, but the SRIs are not free of side effects. Frequent side effects include heartburn, diarrhea, and behavioral activation. The long half-life of the SRIs mandates slow upward adjustment to avoid overshooting the optimal dose. Drugs that are metabolized in the liver, such as neuroleptics, can retard the processing of the SRIs, resulting in an increased dose of both drugs. Although the SRIs often are effective in the treatment of OCD in children and adolescents, they are not effective in all cases, and other treatments such as behavioral treatment may be needed as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy.
A comparative study of the treatment of unilateral fractured and dislocated mandibular condyles in the rabbit

This study evaluated the results of three methods of managing simulated unilateral dislocated fractured mandibular condyles in the rabbit. The first method consisted of surgical reduction of the fractured condyle to its anatomic position and its subsequent fixation with a titanium plate. The second method differed from the first by completely detaching the condyle, then replacing it as free graft. The third method left the fractured condyle in its dislocated position outside the glenoid fossa. Eighteen rabbits were used, 6 animals for each method. Half the animals in each group were killed at 4 weeks, the other half at 14 weeks postoperatively. Clinical, morphologic, functional, radiologic, and histologic examinations were conducted on all animals. The results indicated that open reduction with internal fixation with no disruption of the blood supply to the condyle provided the most favorable results. While closed reduction without internal fixation gave good functional results, definite reduction in ramus height on the operated site was observed in this group of animals. Animals that had open reduction and internal fixation using the condyle as a free graft did not do as well as the other two groups. Despite good mouth opening and occlusion, more animals showed facial asymmetry and it was more severe. None of the condyles were lost as result of necrosis, but healing took longer when compared with the other group of animals.
Enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant peripheral blood lymphocytes in man as a potential test for somatic cell mutations arising in vivo.

Abstract An autoradiographic method to enumerate variant 6-thioguanine-resistant (TG r ) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) that occur in vivo in man is described. Variant cells are detected in PBL cultures stimulated to tritiated thymidine ( 3 HTdr) incorporation in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of TG. Cells with the naturally-occurring Lesch-Nyhan (LN) mutation served as prototype-variant cells. PBLs from a LN hemizygous male were found to be resistant to TG inhibition of PHA-stimulated 3 HTdr incorporation in vitro while a LN heterozygous female was found to be a mosaic with 2/1000 PBLs resistant to 2 × 10 −4 M TG. Experiments with artificial mixtures of LN and normal PBLs showed that the LN cells were virtually all detectable even when present in low frequency (10 −5 ). TG r PBLs were found in healthy non-LN individuals at median frequencies of 1.0 × 10 −4 and 1.1 × 10 −4 when determined at 2 × 10 −3 M TG and 2 × 10 −4 M TG respectively. Their frequencies were not age-related. TG r PBL-variant frequencies ( V f 's) were determined in 47 cancer patients who were being treated with cytotoxic agents that are known to be mutagens. The median TG r PBL V f determined at 2 × 10 −3 M TG in cancer patients was 2.2 × 10 −4 while, when determined at 2 × 10 −4 M TG, it was 8.5 × 10 −4 . The distribution of V f 's for the treated cancer-patient group differed from that for the normal control group in that more than half of the treated cancer patients had TG r PBL V f 's greater than the highest seen for controls. Unlike those of the normal controls, the TG r PBL V f 's of treated cancer patients differed if determined at 2 × 10 −3 M TG and 2 × 10 −4 M TG, a behavior that suggested partial resistance and mimicked that seen with LN TG r PBLs. PBLs resistant to 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP r ) were not found in two individuals, although the TG r PBL V f was elevated in one. TG r PBL V f 's were greatly elevated under conditins of in vivo selection in patients receiving purine-analogue immunosuppressive therapy. The TG r PBL enumerative assay system is presented as one of potential value to detect somatic cell mutations occurring in vivo in man.
Divergence L2-coercivity inequalities

This paper derives sharp L 2-coercivity inequalities for the divergence operator on bounded Lipschitz regions in ℝ n . They hold for fields in H(div,Ω) that are orthogonal to N(div). The optimal constants in the inequality are defined by a variational principle and are identified as the least eigenvalue of a nonstandard boundary value problem for a linear biharmonic type operator. The dependence of the optimal constant under dilations of the region is described and a generalization that involves weighted surface integrals is also proved. When n = 2, this also yields a similar coercivity result for the curl operator.
Technical Options in Repairing the Diseased Ascending Aorta with Aortic Valve Involvement

Operative repair of the diseased ascending aorta with aortic valve involvement consists of replacement of the ascending aorta and the aortic valve plus reconstitution of coronary arterial flow. Two basic techniques are presently available. The conventional technique involves separate replacement of the aorta and valve above and below a small segment of retained aorta including the coronary orifices. The second method consists of replacement of the entire ascending aorta and aortic valve with reconstitution of coronary flow by approximation of the coronary orifices to the Dacron conduit or with saphenous vein bypasses. Each method has its merits depending on the exact pathological anatomy encountered near the coronary orifices. Other pathological variables exist that demand additional intraoperative choices in technique. The present report details the operative repair of this lesion and outlines the technical options available for solution of the various problems encountered.
Outcomes of Adjuvant Chemoradiation After Pancreaticoduodenectomy With Mesenterico-Portal Vein Resection for Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas

Purpose Surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation (CRT) offers patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma a chance for extended survival. In some patients, however, resection is difficult because of vascular involvement by the carcinoma, necessitating resection and grafting of the mesenterico-portal vessels. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with and without mesenterico-portal vein resection (VR) in patients receiving adjuvant CRT for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods and Materials Between 1993 and 2005, 160 patients underwent PD with 5-FU–based adjuvant CRT followed by maintenance chemotherapy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital; 20 (12.5%) of the 160 underwent VR. Clinical outcomes, including median survival, overall survival, and complication rates were assessed for both groups. Results Patients who underwent VR had significantly longer operative times ( p = 0.009), greater intraoperative blood loss ( p = 0.01), and longer postoperative lengths of stay ( p = 0.03). However, postoperative morbidity, median survival, and overall survival rates were similar between the two groups. Most patients (70%) from both groups were able to complete CRT, and a subgroup analysis demonstrated no appreciable differences in terms of complications. None of the VR patients who received adjuvant CRT developed veno-oclusive disease or graft failure/leakage. Conclusion In a cohort of patients treated with adjuvant 5-FU–based CRT at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, having a VR at the time of PD resulted in similar complication rates and survival. These data support the feasibility and safety of adjuvant CRT in patients undergoing VR at the time of PD.
Single-electron transfer from NADH analogues to singlet oxygen.

Abstract Laser flash photolysis techniques have yielded rate constants for physical and reactive quenching modes of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) by nicotine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized and reduced forms) and the reduced forms of nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide. In the case of the last four named compounds, kinetic spectroscopy furnished evidence for one-electron transfers to O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) . Specifically, production of O⨪2 was demonstrated unequivocally by reaction with 1,4-benzoquinone. Quantitative determinations revealed the extent of reactive quenching to be near 60% in each case.
Formulation of static circuit optimization with reduced size, degeneracy and redundancy by timing graph manipulation

Static circuit optimization implies sizing of transistors and wires on a static timing basis, taking into account all paths through a circuit. Previous methods of formulating static circuit optimization produced problem statements that are very large and contain inherent redundancy and degeneracy. In this paper, a method of manipulating the timing formulation is presented which produces a dramatically more compact optimization problem, and reduces redundancy and degeneracy. The circuit optimization is therefore more efficient and effective. Numerical results to demonstrate these improvements are presented.
Change management: the I Ching way

This article aims to present an alternative toolkit for change management by introducing I Ching – the oldest Chinese book squarely focused on changes, and its working mechanism, which is polar opposite to conventional Western management philosophy and methodology. The article points out that ‘the I Ching way’ works mainly on non-causal relationship, provides an unbounded ‘result-process-advice’ set for dealing with uncertainty, and offers a means for integrating changes and change elements. It represents either a different thinking or an operating system. Adopting the I Ching way in management undoubtedly stimulates out-off box thinking and have an alternative for dealing with complex issues.
Optimizing the performance of a plug flow system

Abstract A plug flow system can be operated more efficiently by transporting the solids in multiples of short plugs and consolidating the plug before transfer. This type of operation uses a minimum amount of transport gas and minimizes the pressure loss. This paper discusses some of the optimal procedures to operate a plug-flow system delivering pulverized coals suitable for normal boilers feed in a 2-in (5.08-cm) PVC pipe.
Retirement migration decision making: life course mobility, sequencing of events, social ties and alternatives.

Post-retirement migration behavior and the decision-making process which underlies this behavior continue to attract scholarly interest. Based on a small self-selected sample of recent retiree migrants to Western North Carolina, this paper provides initial answers to the following questions: Do retirement migrants exhibit high mobility throughout their life course? How are events in the retirement migration process sequenced and what is the timing between events? What, if any, pre-existing social ties did migrants have to the host community? To what degree were alternative retirement destinations considered? Approximately half (45 percent) of the respondents reported a remote daydreaming period before they started to make serious plans for their move in retirement. Comparisons of the timing of planning, retirement and move indicate much of the formal planning for the move may occur after retirement. Retirement is not simultaneous with the migration event; rather on average two years passes between retirem...