cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of genealogy and clinical family histories in documenting possible inheritance patterns for diabetes mellitus in the pre-insulin era: part 2. Genealogic evidence for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Josephine Imperato's paternal and maternal lineages.

Part 2 presents detailed genealogic information on Josephine Imperato’s paternal and maternal lineages extending from four to seven generations into the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. Among these lineages are some where early adult death over successive generations is perhaps indicative of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). These lineages, all in the town of San Prisco in Italy, include both paternal and maternal ones with the following surnames: Casaccia, Casertano, Cipriano, de Angelis, de Paulis, Peccerillo, Foniciello, di Monaco, Vaccarella, Valenziano, Ventriglia, and Zibella. Genealogic studies of eighteenth and nineteenth century vital records in this area of Italy cannot definitively establish type 2 diabetes mellitus as either an immediate or contributory cause of death. This is because causes of death were not recorded and because disease diagnostic capabilities were largely absent. Genealogic studies of those who lived in Italy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can at best provide data on approximate age at time of death. Early adult death in this era was not uncommon. However, its presence over several successive generations in a lineage raises the possibility of inherited diseases prominent among which is type 2 DM.
Biomarkers of Pesticide Exposure

Epidemiologic studies of potential health effects resulting from exposure to one or multiple pesticides are strengthened by the use of biological markers, such as internal dose markers, to more accurately classify individual exposures. Additionally, measures of internal body dose are also useful to establish guidelines for field reentry and protective clothing or practices, and to enable early detection of exposure circumstances in worker safety programs. This chapter explores the concepts of exposure biomarkers, focusing on their past and potential application to studies of pesticide exposures.
The Ortho-Para Ratio of Water Vapor in Comet Halley

The abundance ratio of ortho-H2O to para-H2O is shown to be an invariant in the cometary coma, its dependence on temperature in thermal equilibrium is given, and the nuclear-spin-temperature is defined. The relation between the physical temperature of the cometary ice and the nuclear-spin-temperature is discussed, and the prospects for using the observed ortho-para ratio to infer properties of the cometary nucleus are explored. The ortho-para ratio in Halley’s comet, derived from high resolution infrared spectra of the ν 3-band near 2.7 μm wavelength, is given. On UT 1985 December 24.1, it was 2.73±0.17, and on UT 1986 March 22.7/26.7, it was 3.23± 0.37. The error estimates contain a sizeable subjective component for atmospheric transmittance, and may be reduced pending further modelling. The nuclear-spin-temperature was 35 K (+9 K, −5 K) pre-perihelion, and >40 K post-perihelion, at the 67% confidence limit. Both numbers are consistent with modelled values of the equilibrium temperature of Halley’s nucleus at aphelion (~47 K). However, at the 95% confidence limit they are also fully consistent with temperatures exceeding 50 K, corresponding to an ortho-para ratio of ~3.0.
Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge

A lava pillar formed during the 1998 eruption at Axial Seamount exhibits compositional and textural evidence for contamination by seawater under magmatic conditions. Glass immediately adjacent to anastomosing microfractures within 1 cm of the inner pillar wall is oxidized and significantly enriched in Na and Cl and depleted in Fe and K with respect to that in glassy selvages from the unaffected outer pillar wall. The affected glass contains up to 1 wt % Cl and is enriched by ∼2 wt % Na2O relative to unaffected glass, consistent with a nearly 1:1 (molar) incorporation of NaCl. Glass bordering the Cl-enriched glass in the inner pillar wall is depleted in Na but enriched in K. The presence of tiny (<10 μm) grains of Cu-Fe sulfides and Fe sulfides as well as elemental Ni, Ag, and Au in the Na-depleted, K-enriched glass of the inner pillar wall implies significant reduction of this glass, presumably by hydrogen generated during seawater contamination and oxidation of lava adjacent to microfractures. We interpret the compositional anomalies we see in the glass of the interior pillar wall as caused by rapid incorporation of seawater into the still-molten lava during pillar growth, probably on the time scale of seconds to minutes. Only one of seven examined lava pillars shows this effect, and we interpret that seawater has to be trapped in contact with molten lava (inside the lava pillar, in this case) to produce the effects we see. Thus, under the right conditions, seawater contamination of lavas during submarine eruptions is one means by which the oceanic crust can sequester Cl during its global flux cycle. However, since very few recent lava flows have been examined in similar detail, the global significance of this process in effecting Earth's Cl budget remains uncertain.
Treatise on the Isoptera of the World

ABSTRACT A comprehensive compendium on the taxonomy and biology of the 3106 living and fossil species of the worlds termites is presented, along with reviews of Isoptera morphology and evolution, identification keys, the history of termite systematics, and summary of the worlds 363 significant pest species. A complete bibliography is provided of nearly 5000 references covering virtually all aspects of termite taxonomy and biology through December 2011. The morphology of Isoptera is thoroughly reviewed and illustrated with original scanning electron micrographs and photomicrographs, covering the cuticular anatomy and those internal organs that are taxonomically and phylogenetically significant, including several new character systems. Terminology is presented for the systems of tibial spines and spurs so as to establish homologs. Keys are presented to the nine living families of termites, and the world subfamilies and genera of Archotermopsidae, Hodotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Mastotermitidae, Rhinotermiti...
Transport properties and their correlation with the morphology of thermally conditioned polypropylene

Time-lag and static sorption experiments were employed to measure permeability, diffusivity and solubility constants of He, A, and CF4 in polypropylene films cooled at various rates from the melt and subsequently annealed at varying temperatures near the melting point. While solubility constants in films annealed above 90°C showed the normal variation with the amorphous content of the polymer, solubility constants for all unannealed, quenched films were remarkably constant and independent of the rate of cooling. In fact, all quenched films appeared to have the same amorphous content (ca. 41%). The remaining material is believed to be a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal crystallinity, the volume ratio of the two being a function of the rate of quenching, and changing on annealing, in favor of the more stable, monoclinic form; the transition occurring rather sharply at 90°C. X-ray diffraction provided supporting evidence for the presence of the hexagonal crystals. The diffusion behavior in crystalline polypropylene is normal and Fickian but instead of the usual decline with increasing crystallinity, diffusivities showed definite enhancement in the case of the annealed films, i.e., the expected monotonic decline of D with increasing crystallinity is not observed. This behavior is attributed to a reduction in diffusional impedance through formation of defects in existing crystallites, as the lamellae thicken, in a manner similar to that observed on annealing of polyethylene single crystals. The apparent activation energies of diffusion were essentially constant and independent of thermal history. This suggests that in a highly crystalline polymer diffusion is not so much impeded by the restricted mobility of chain segments but rather by the extremely small dimensions of the available diffusive pathways. In support of the argument that the transport properties of polypropylene are controlled at a level of microstructure well below the characteristic dimensions of spherulities, it was observed that bulk-crystallized polypropylene has a spherulitic structure whose size and texture do not change significantly on annealing.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and vessel dysfunction.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), defined by deposition of the β-amyloid peptide in medium and small cortical and meningeal vessels, is a well-recognized cause of hemorrhagic stroke. This paper revie
A rational origin obtained by the method of contingent paired comparisons

A new paired comparison method, based upon choices between lotteries, is developed for the measurement of utilities of objects with respect to the utility of receiving nothing, i.e., the status quo. The method is used to estimate the utilities of four birthday gifts. These objects had also been studied in an earlier experiment which used choices between single objects and pairs of objects to determine a rational origin. A comparison of the results of the two experiments indicates that both methods scale objects with respect to the same rational origin and unit of measurement.
Texas Hold 'Em algorithms for distributed compressive sensing

This paper develops a new class of algorithms for signal recovery in the distributed compressive sensing (DCS) framework. DCS exploits both intra-signal and inter-signal correlations through the concept of joint sparsity to further reduce the number of measurements required for recovery. DCS is well-suited for sensor network applications due to its universality, computational asymmetry, tolerance to quantization and noise, and robustness to measurement loss. In this paper we propose recovery algorithms for the sparse common and innovation joint sparsity model. Our approach leads to a class of efficient algorithms, the Texas Hold 'Em algorithms, which are scalable both in terms of communication bandwidth and computational complexity.
Macroporous Monoliths of Functional Perovskite Materials through Assisted Metathesis

Solid-state reactions between metal sulfates and metal oxides (assisted by K2CO3) have been used to prepare two classes of important perovskite materials: ferroelectric PbTiO3 and the catalyst/magnetic/fuel-cell material La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.3). K2CO3 helps to drive the reaction by forming highly stable K2SO4 and CO2. Performing the reactions within solid monoliths and then dissolving out K2SO4 crystals in water permit macroporous materials to be obtained. The monoliths possess connected, open porosity with characteristic pore sizes of the order of 5−30 μm. Imprinted on this macroporous structure is a second, smaller scale of porosity arising from the sintering together of particles with sizes in the 100−300-nm range. The reaction pathways have been followed by thermodiffractometry, and the products characterized by Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction patterns, by scanning electron microscopy, and by dc magnetization measurements.
Behavioral and neural correlates of increased self-control in the absence of increased willpower

People often exert willpower to choose a more valuable delayed reward over a less valuable immediate reward, but using willpower is taxing and frequently fails. In this research, we demonstrate the ability to enhance self-control (i.e., forgoing smaller immediate rewards in favor of larger delayed rewards) without exerting additional willpower. Using behavioral and neuroimaging data, we show that a reframing of rewards (i) reduced the subjective value of smaller immediate rewards relative to larger delayed rewards, (ii) increased the likelihood of choosing the larger delayed rewards when choosing between two real monetary rewards, (iii) reduced the brain reward responses to immediate rewards in the dorsal and ventral striatum, and (iv) reduced brain activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (a correlate of willpower) when participants chose the same larger later rewards across the two choice frames. We conclude that reframing can promote self-control while avoiding the need for additional willpower expenditure.
Compatibility of cefepime and vancomycin during simulated Y-site administration of prolonged infusion

Purpose The physical and chemical compatibility of cefepime and vancomycin at concentrations typically used in prolonged-infusion cefepime infusions was assessed. Methods Samples from a typical Y-site configuration of standard-infusion vancomycin and prolonged-infusion cefepime were collected at various time points during the simulated 4-hour infusion. Samples were analyzed by visual inspection, spectrophotometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Infusion antibiotics were reconstituted in pairwise combinations of 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection to determine the effects of solvent selection on stability. Infusion simulations were performed in triplicate without light protection under fluorescent lighting at room temperature (22.5 °C). Experimental replicates were not run simultaneously but on sequential days due to the considerable time (~12 hours) required to analyze samples obtained from a single infusion simulation and the known time-dependent instability of reconstituted cefepime beyond 24 hours. Physical stability was assessed visually for evidence of particulate formation, haze, precipitation, color change, and gas evolution. Samples were also assessed spectrophotometrically at 600 nm at the time of collection and 24 hours after collection. Results Cefepime was compatible with vancomycin at the concentrations tested. The solvent selected (0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose) to reconstitute either antibiotic had no impact on compatibility. Solutions were indistinguishable from positive and negative controls (heat-degraded cefepime and freshly reconstituted cefepime, respectively) at all time points assessed in terms of visual clarity, spectrophotometric absorbance, and HPLC recovery. Conclusion Cefepime and vancomycin were physically and chemically compatible during simulated Y-site administration of prolonged-infusion cefepime.
Magnetic moment distribution of ferromagnetic Ni-Rh alloys

Abstract The diffuse scattering of polarized and unpolarized neutrons was used to determine the spatial distribution of the magnetic moment for ferromagnetic NiRh alloys. The average Ni moment remains near 0.6 μ B to 12 at.% Rh and then decreases toward zero at the critical concentration of 37 at.% Rh. There is an initial rapid decrease in the Rh moment that follows a P 12 dependence and corresponds to a moment of 2 μ B for isolated Rh atoms. The data indicate moment fluctuations at both the Ni and the Rh sites that are associated with local environment.
Effect of Pulse Shaping on Silicon Micromachining Monitored by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Surface Second Harmonic Generation

Pulse shaping on silicon micromachining is explored using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and surface second harmonic generation as diagnostics. The morphology of ablated holes for different shaped pulses will be discussed.
A nested case-control study of stomach cancer mortality among automobile machinists exposed to metalworking fluid.

PURPOSE: In a nested case-control study of 140 stomach cancer deaths (1941-1984) among 46,384 automobile workers, we examined risk in relation to lifetime exposure to metalworking fluid (MWF) in machining and grinding operations.METHODS: Exposure was defined during varying windows of biologic time ( 20 years before death) and evaluated using a nonparametric smoothing technique and conditional logistic regression. Exposure was measured by duration, intensity (mg/m(3)), and cumulative exposure (mg/m(3)-years) to each MWF type (straight, soluble, or synthetic), as well as by duration of exposure to selected metals, additives, and components of the fluids.RESULTS: When data from three plants were combined, grinding with water-based synthetic or soluble MWF increased the risk of stomach cancer mortality. Those grinding with synthetic MWF with more than 1.3 mg/m(3)-years exposure during the 10 years just prior to death experienced a 4.4-fold risk of stomach cancer (95% CI 1.5-13.1). Increased risk was also observed among those in the highest category of soluble grinding grading exposure (OR 1.9; 85% CI 1.0-3.6). In plant-specific analysis, there was evidence of increased risk of stomach cancer associated with exposure to straight MWF and iron, as well as the water-based fluids.CONCLUSIONS: Study findings suggest that stomach cancer mortality was associated with exposure to each MWF type. Results suggesting that synthetic MWF may act as a stomach cancer promoter are of particular concern because this MWF is widely used in today's high speed grinding operations.
Toward a Hexagonal Grid Polymer: Synthesis, Coupling, and Chemically Reversible Surface-Pinning of the Star Connectors, 1,3,5-C6H3(CB10H10CX)3

A synthetic approach to a two-dimensional grid polymer is proposed and the execution of initial steps is described. Pd-catalyzed coupling of (1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)copper (10) with iodobenzene, m-diiodobenzene, and 1,3,5-triiodobenzene yielded the known 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-ylbenzene (3) and the new m-bis(1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)benzene (4) and 1,3,5-tris(1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)benzene (1), respectively. Each arm of the trigonal connector 1 was provided with one or two sticky tentacles by conversion to 1,3,5-tris[12-((3-(ethylthio)propyl)dimethylsilyl)-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl]benzene (7) and 1,3,5-tris[12-(bis(3-(ethylthio)propyl)methylsilyl)-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl]benzene (8). Linear coupling of carboranyl CH terminals through a mercury atom produced very stable dimeric structures from 3 and 4. The carborane 3, its mercury-linked dimer 13, the 1:1 complex of 13 with 2,2‘-bipyridyl, and the 2:1 complex of 13 with 2,2‘-bipyrimidyl ...
Surgical sealants and high strength adhesives

Traditional methods for closing a surgical wound include the use of sutures, wires, and staples. However, despite their extensive use, these techniques have several limitations. For example, they are time-consuming, may cause further tissue trauma, increase the risk of infection and are difficult to use in some surgical locations. Moreover, none of these techniques create immediate and proper sealing. A promising alternative to the traditional closure techniques are surgical sealants. High strength surgical adhesives grow at over 15% compound annual growth rate (CAGR 2012–2017) in the U.S. [1]. Surgical sealants and adhesives can be used as adjuncts to sutures to prevent air and liquid leakages. They can also potentially replace sutures and staples for better closure, minimized blood loss, faster implementation, and easy and less painful operation without the need for removal. Various biomaterials have been developed to attach tissues and seal the wounds, or to glue devices to tissues. The main challenge toward designing a surgical sealant/adhesive is to achieve sufficient adhesion strength to the tissues in the wet environment without impairing the biocompatibility and tissue function. In
Critical atrial site for ablation of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in the normal dog heart

Site for Ablation of AF in Dogs. Introduction: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) has been used recently to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to investigate a new approach to preventing AF by RFA. Methods and Results: In open chest, anesthetized dogs, AF (lasting > 30 sec) was induced after burst stimulation, and electrophysiologic parameters were recorded before and after RFA. In group 1 (9 dogs) we performed selective and combined slow and fast pathway RFA, whereas in group 2(11 dogs) RFA was applied as a linear lesion at the mid-atrial septum between the inferior vena cava and the fossa ovalis. After ablation, the Wenckebach cycle length was significantly prolonged only in group 1 (194 ± 23 vs 282 ± 35 msec, P = 0.002). whereas the interval between the stimulus (S) artifact applied at the high right atrium to the His hundle (H) (SH interval) prolonged to the same extent in both groups (162 ± 14 vs 146 ± 45 msec. P = NS); group 1 due to an A-H prolongation whereas in group 2 it was due to an intra-atrial conduction delay. In group 1 AF still remained inducible, although with a longer mean R-R interval (215 ± 16 vs 433 ± 88 msec, P < 0.05). No instance of complete AV block developed. In group 2, sustained AF was noninducible in 10 dogs and its duration was markedly shorter in the remaining one (8 sec). Gross anatomy and histology did not reveal any damage inside of Koch's triangle, and particularly to the compact AV node. Conclusion: These findings suggest that RFA at the mid-atrial septum prevents AF in the normal dog heart. This approach might also be successful in those clinical settings in which the atrial septum plays a critical role in the maintenance of sustained AF.
The opportunistic and bacterial infections associated with pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus disease

Opportunistic and bacterial infections remain the leading causes of death of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected children, despite recent advances in the diagnosis of HIV infection during early infancy; antiretroviral therapies; advances in the treatment of some infections; an improved understanding of the cellular immune systems during early childhood; and new strategies for the prevention of some infections. However, these advances appear to be changing the natural history of pediatric HIV infection, resulting in an improved and longer life for infected children. This article briefly reviews the epidemiology, predictors, and treatments of the most common infections associated with pediatric HIV disease, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, recurrent bacterial infections, candidiasis, herpes group viruses, mycobacterial disease and cryptosporidiosis.
Validation of a self‐report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder in a sample of college‐age women

The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interview (PTSD-I; Watson, C. G., Juba, M., Manifold, V., Kucala, T., & Anderson, E. D., 1991) was adapted into a self-report questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PTSD-Q), which was validated against the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) PTSD module (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1995), using a sample of 76 college-age women who were not seeking help for psychological problems. The women completed the PTSD-Q and were later interviewed with the SCID-IV PTSD module. Use of a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis indicated that a cut point of 60 on the PTSD-Q provided the optimal diagnostic efficiency relative to the SCID-IV diagnosis. Using a cut point of 60 on the PTSD-Q resulted in a sensitivity of .81 and a specificity of .82, relative to SCID-IV diagnoses. The PTSD-Q may be a useful screening measure to identify individuals who are not seeking help but who have PTSD.
Aberration correction by nonlinear beam mixing: generation of a pseudo point sound source

Nonlinear beam mixing with microbubbles was explored to create a pseudo point source for aberration correction of therapeutic ultrasound. A damping coefficient for a bubble driven by a dual frequency sound field was derived by revisiting Prosperetti's linearized damping model. As a result, the overall damping term for dual frequency was obtained by linear summation of two damping terms for each frequency. The numerical simulation based on the bubble model suggests that the most efficient size range to generate a 1 MHz frequency from 4 MHz and 5 MHz sound sources is 2.6 to 3.0 /spl mu/m. Furthermore, this size range constitutes the primary distribution of a specific ultrasound contrast agent. When a chamber of 0.1% of the diluted agent is sonified by 4 MHz and 5 MHz sound beams with 80/spl deg/ incident angle between them, an approximately 100 Pa, 1 MHz difference frequency signal can be measured approximately 10 cm away. In addition, the received 1 MHz difference frequency signal shows omni-directional characteristics, even though the overlap zone of the two sound beams is on the order of the difference frequency wavelength. Therefore, the induced sound source can be considered as a pseudo point source and is expected to be useful for aberration correction for therapeutic ultrasound.
RELATIVISTIC INVARIANCE AND THE TACIT UNIQUENESS POSTULATE IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

The relativity principle for quantum fields is dissociated from a uniqueness assumption heretofore always made in quantum field theory. There appear to be no compelling experimental or theoretical reasons to impose this tacit postulate. If it is given, up, time-dependent unitary equivalence of interacting and a free field is no longer forbidden.
Unsaturated fatty acid modulation of glucocorticoid receptor binding in L2 cells

Abstract Glucocorticoids stimulate fatty acid synthesis during late fetal lung development by inducing fatty acid synthetase. To determine whether fatty acids modulate glucocorticod receptor binding, we investigated the in vitro effect of fatty acid on [3H] triamcinolone acetonide (TA) binding to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor in L2 cells, a cell line cloned from the adult rat type II cell. The L2 cell glucocorticoid receptor exhibitied specific binding of [3H] TA which was saturable and appeared to be a single species of binding sites with an apparent KD = 4.9 ± 3.7 nM and Bmax = 395.4 ± 84.4 fmol/mg protein. The receptor had the ligand specificity typical of a physiologically relevant glucocorticoid receptor. Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid [18:1], linoleic acid [18:2], and arachidonic acid [20:4]) markedly inhibited [3H]TA specific binding in a dose-dependent manner, but long-chain saturated fatty acids (myristic, 14:0; palmitic, 16:0; and stearic acid, 18:0) and phospholipids and no effect. Scatchard analysis revealed a noncompetitive type of inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids. This suggests that unsaturated fatty acids modulate L2 cell glucocorticoid receptor by binding to sites different from the glucocorticoid binding sites in the receptor. We propose that unsaturated fatty acids may act as negative feedback modulators of glucocortoid-receptor binding in the lung. (Steroids 58: 357–361, 1993)
Ontogenetic Patterns of Agonistic Behavior in a Guild of Larval Ambystomatid Salamanders

Agonistic behavior is a common feature of larval amphibians inhabiting temporary ponds. Given the temporally staggered sequence of hatching by pond-breeding amphibians, ontogenetic patterns of aggression can influence coexistence if larvae of certain species or ages are subject to increased aggression. To determine whether aggression changes through larval ontogeny, we observed agonistic behavior of Ambystoma opacum, Ambystoma tigrinum, and Ambystoma maculatum at four stages of development spanning the larval period. We tracked aggression rates among individual larvae to determine whether previous success, in the form of increased aggression, facilitated success in subsequent contests. All species exhibited distinct ontogenetic patterns of aggression, with the highest and lowest rates of aggression exhibited during rear leg development and metamorphosis, respectively. Species-specific aggression rates were observed, with A. tigrinum consistently displaying the highest levels of aggression. Winner or loser effects were not evident, because increased aggression early in the larval period did not result in increased aggression throughout ontogeny. We hypothesize that the observed patterns of behavior may represent a baseline level of aggression upon which other biotic and abiotic factors act in mediating coexistence among larval amphibians.
Disappearance of micro-emboli transfused into patients during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Upon standing, blood stored in ACD solution develops aggregates of platelets and leukocytes in one to ten days. Blood stored in heparin solution develops the same aggregates in 24 hours or less. When heparinized blood, containing many such aggregates (micro-emboli) is transfused into patients during employment of the heart-lung apparatus these micro-emboli are very rapidly filtered from the blood by the vascular bed of the patient. It is suggested that occlusion of the many small blood vessels which must occur during such procedures is potentially harmful to the patient, and probably contributes to unexplained reactions occurring during and after employment of the heart-lung apparatus.
Statistical properties of magnetic field fluctuations in the distant plasmasheet

Short (less than 1 min) and long time (greater than 5 min) variations of the plasmasheet magnetic field have been examined during all intervals when ISEE-3 was at distances x less than -200 earth radii. It is determined that short period magnetic turbulence increases by a factor of about 3 with increasing geomagnetic activity, as indicated by AE. In contrast, long period field variations with North-then-South signatures at plasmasheet entry occur about 2.5 times more frequently than South-then-North signatures. This result, combined with other previous ISEE-3 results, is in agreement with the interpretation that the North-South plasmasheet features are plasmoids propagating tailward. However, a statistical examination of the geomagnetic activity relationship indicates that there does not appear to be any substorm dependence on these North-South events.
Ventral hernia mesh tack causes liver hemorrhage

Introduction The laparoscopic approach is an increasingly popular option for ventral hernia repair. In the wake of this new technology, unexpected complications have been reported.
Seatbelt induced chance fracture in an infant. Case report and literature review.

Chance (“seat belt”) fractures of the lumbar spine are extremely rare in the pediatric population and virtually unheard of in infants. We report a case of a 14 month old boy sustaining an isolated Chance fracture to L1 without associated spinal subluxation, dislocation, neurologic or visceral injury. He was being breast fed with his back beneath the passenger side shoulder harness when the vehicular front end collision causing his injury occurred. Thus, he may actually have sustained a hyperextension distraction or “Reverse Chance” fracture.
Transitory Emotional States and Encounter Group Training

A review of literature about effects of encounter group training on state affect suggests that positive affect increases and negative affect decreases during training. Volunteer subjects were assigned randomly to encounter groups and were administered the Affect Rating Scale before, during, and subsequent to the groups. Results generally support the hypothesis.
A program for successful muskellunge management: A Minnesota success story

Minnesota has established a successful muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, stocking program as a result of a series of research studies that enabled area fisheries managers to make informed management decisions. The previous propagation and stocking program (pre-1982) reared muskellunge progeny from Shoepack Lake near the Minnesota–Ontario border, but these fish were not attaining trophy size. Protein electrophoresis showed there were two different muskellunge strains in the state. A controlled study was conducted on progeny from natural muskellunge populations from Leech and Shoepack lakes. Fish from these populations, together, were used to stock two other Minnesota lakes, and their growth rates, age of maturity, and maximum size attained were compared. Leech Lake muskellunge grew faster and attained a larger maximum size than the Shoepack Lake strain. As a result, a new stocking program based on the Leech Lake strain was developed. Because it was difficult to collect Leech Lake gametes, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources created seven brood stock lakes using Leech Lake progeny. As a result of combining genetic considerations, new research on spawning sites, more restrictive harvest regulations, and catch-and-release fishing, anglers’ catch of trophy-sized muskellunge in Minnesota has increased.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON EMERGING ISSUES IN MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH

Mycotoxins are poisonous substances synthesized by fungi that may produce specific deleterious effects on animals (including humans), plants, or other microorganisms. Mycotoxins are a global concer...
Potassium in Two Humid Tropical Ultisols under a Corn and Soybean Cropping System: II. Dynamics

Understanding the dynamics of soil K is important for the formulation of a sound fertilizer management strategy. Two experiments were conducted to determine the hehavior of K in the soil after fertilization. Five rates of K (0 to 120 kg ha −1 ) were applied to two Typic Paleudults, a loam and a sandy loam, in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. A three-crop rotation of corn (Zea Mays L.), corn, and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was planted at each site. Three additional crops of corn were grown at the loam site. Potassium rates were applied only to the first crop of each three-crop cycle (...)
β2microglobulin mRNA expression levels are prognostic for lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer patients

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common non-cutaneous malignancy in the United States and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death. One of the most important determinants of CRC survival is lymph node metastasis. To determine whether molecular markers might be prognostic for lymph node metastases, we measured by quantitative real-time RT–PCR the expression levels of 15 cancer-associated genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tissues derived from stage I–IV CRC patients with (n=20) and without (n=18) nodal metastases. Using the mean of the 15 genes as an internal reference control, we observed that low expression of β2microglobulin (B2M) was a strong prognostic indicator of lymph node metastases (area under the curve (AUC)=0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.69–0.94). We also observed that the expression ratio of B2M/Spint2 had the highest prognostic accuracy (AUC=0.87; 95% CI=0.71–0.96) of all potential two-gene combinations. Expression values of Spint2 correlated with the mean of the entire gene set at an R2 value of 0.97, providing evidence that Spint2 serves not as an independent prognostic gene, but rather as a reliable reference control gene. These studies are the first to demonstrate a prognostic role of B2M at the mRNA level and suggest that low B2M expression levels might be useful for identifying patients with lymph node metastasis and/or poor survival.
A microcomputer-based implementation of the expanding equilibrium algorithm for linear, single commodity spatial price equilibrium problems

We present a Turbo Pascal implementation of the expanding equilibrium algorithm for linear, single commodity spatial price equilibrium problems. We provide evidence that our microcomputer implementation is faster than a mainframe implementation of a widely-referenced alternative algorithm. An executable version of our program, with documentation, is available upon request.
Glomalin production and accumulation in soilless pot cultures

Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 567-570. L'etude devait etablir les liens entre la production de glomaline et l'accumulation de cette derniere durant trois periodes consecutives de culture en serre dans un milieu d'enracinement sans sol. Les donnees indiquent que cette glycoproteine stable est lessivee a travers le fond du pot et ne s'accumule pas dans le compartiment hyphal.
Hemoglobin Types in Chick Embryos with Different Adult Hemoglobin Genotypes

Abstract IT HAS been demonstrated that genetic variation exists in hemoglobin types of the hatched chick. The hemoglobin types have been designated as Type I (homozygous normal), Type II (homozygous abnormal) and Type III (heterozygote) by Washburn (1968a). A “major band” is present in all birds in combination with either or both of two “minor”, more acidic bands. The bands differ in their electrophoretic properties; the abnormal “minor” band migrates in an electrical field at a faster rate than that of the normal “minor” hemoglobin component. The differences in electrophoretic properties of the minor hemoglobin components are due to allelic, codominant genes (Washburn, 1968a). The adult hemoglobin type can vary, depending on the genotype of the bird. This variation could explain some of the disagreement found in the literature pertaining to the normal hemoglobin types of chick embryos, when the adult type hemoglobin (Hb) appears, and which components should be considered…
Inflammatory responses and mediators.

The host response to injury is usually appropriate in degree and is self-limited. In more severe injury, the host response may persist inappropriately, leading to SIRS and MODS and possibly multiple organ failure. The initial response to injury is mediated primarily by norepinephrine, and is directed toward preservation of circulation to the heart and brain at the expense of other vascular beds. If fluid resuscitation is adequate and necrotic tissue is debrided, a hypermetabolic state ensues, mediated by epinephrine and directed toward supporting repair of injured tissue by leukocytes. Inflammatory cells are recruited to the site of injury and elaborate cytokines, which promote repair locally, but in severe injury may be systemically released and trigger remote inflammation. Cytokine biology presently is poorly understood, and simple anticytokine strategies have failed to improve survival of critically ill patients. Current therapy of SIRS and MODS is directed toward symptoms. Presently, it is unclear how an abnormal stress response arises. Cytokine spillover into the systemic circulation may occur. Selective transcriptional failure may be the cellular basis of organ dysfunction. Inappropriate production of peroxynitrite or its precursor, NO, is implicated in mediating cellular injury in SIRS and MODS.
Performance of segmented mirror coarse phasing with a dispersed fringe sensor: modeling and simulations

Dispersed Fringe Sensing (DFS) is an efficient and robust method for coarse phasing of a segmented primary mirror such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Results from testbed experiments and modeling have shown that among the many factors that affect the performance of DFS, the diffraction from segment aperture and the interference between the segment wavefronts have the most intrinsic influence on the DFS performance. In this paper, modeling and simulations based on diffraction are used to study the formation of DFS fringe and fringe properties such as visibility. We examine the DFS piston detection process and explore the limitation of DFS wavefront piston detection accuracy and the DFS dynamic range under different segment aperture geometries, aperture orientations, and image samplings.
Structural haplotypes and recent evolution of the human 17q21.31 region

Structurally complex genomic regions are not yet well understood. One such locus, human chromosome 17q21.31, contains a megabase-long inversion polymorphism, many uncharacterized copy-number variations (CNVs) and markers that associate with female fertility, female meiotic recombination and neurological disease. Additionally, the inverted H2 form of 17q21.31 seems to be positively selected in Europeans. We developed a population genetics approach to analyze complex genome structures and identified nine segregating structural forms of 17q21.31. Both the H1 and H2 forms of the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism contain independently derived, partial duplications of the KANSL1 gene; these duplications, which produce novel KANSL1 transcripts, have both recently risen to high allele frequencies (26% and 19%) in Europeans. An older H2 form lacking such a duplication is present at low frequency in European and central African hunter-gatherer populations. We further show that complex genome structures can be analyzed by imputation from SNPs.
CORONAGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF AN ENHANCED CORONAL REGION. II. TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY STRUCTURE THROUGH THE ENHANCED REGION.

Ratios of emission line intensities are used to calculate the variation of temperature and the variation of electron density as a function of ion class for differing paths through a coronal enhancement. The data indicate (a) a peak mean electron density of 2.3 × 109 cm−3, (b) a temperature maximum greater than 2.3 × 106 K, and (c) the non-coincidence of the peak temperature and peak mean electron density. The latter demonstrates the invalidity of the assumption of symmetric models for coronal enhancements. The abundance of Ni was found to be equal to 0.045 that of Fe from the line ratio I(λ 6702)/ /I(λ 7059) and a density model based on the variation of the ratio I(λ 8024)/I(λ 6702).
PROFILES FOR PH, TEMPERATURE, AND DISSOLVED O2 LEVELS IN ENZYME PRODUCTION. MONITORING IN SMALL-SCALE FERMENTORS

The profiles thus established may be utilized for investigations of an organism's relationship to its microenvironment including metabolic shifts and pathways. Areas of maximum respiratory activity, enzyme production, enzyme degradation, and attainment of the stationary phase are quite evident; however, duration and magnitude of the various phenomena may change with nutrient, temperature, and aeration efficiency. Practical application of this simplified method would include: a) determination of environmental conditions existing during maximum growth or enzyme synthesis and application of these conditions to feedback control; b) estimation of requirements for pH, oxygen, and heat removal capacities needed for scale-up; c) specific points during the fermentation at which samples should be analyzed to yield maximum information on depletion of nutrients and its effects on microbial activity.
Three-Axis Contouring With The Large Optical Generator

The Large Optical Generator (LOG) of the University of Arizona's Optical Sciences Center recently celebrated its second birthday.1,2 During these two years several projects have been completed with the LOG, the most important being the three molds for the Sub-Millimeter Telescope. The accuracies achieved with LOG are discussed as well as the work under way to shift machine operation to a three-axis mode of operation. The use of a toroidal cutting wheel is suggested for solving some problems presented by application of spherical wheels to upcoming work.
NSAID colitis--resolving a diagnostic dilemma?

Abstract It has become increasingly clear that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause damage not only to the upper gastrointestinal tract but also to the small and large intestine. Although the colon may be readily investigated by endoscopy, drug-induced lesions are not well known, probably because they are considered to occur only rarely. In the present study, the authors describe endoscopic, histological, and gross characteristics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colonic damage. Furthermore, pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic options are discussed. The histories of all patients diagnosed as having nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug colitis during the last 2 yr at the department of gastroenterology or the department of pathology at the hospital were reviewed. Endoscopic, histological, and gross pathological findings were systemically recorded. In addition, data on duration and type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intake and time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis were collected. Therapy and outcome of the patients, if available, are reported. During the study period, 11 patients were diagnosed as having nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug colitis. Most patients presented with diarrhea with or without blood loss and complained about diffuse abdominal pain. Endoscopy revealed flat ulcers in the entire colon being more severe in the right colon in the three cases with acute onset of diarrhea. In four cases, concentric “diaphragm-like” strictures were seen, all located in the right colon. In the remainder, endoscopy showed nonspecific erosions and was normal in one patient. Histology revealed findings similar to ischemic colitis. Additionally, in two cases collagenous colitis was found. Diclofenac slow release was the most commonly involved drug. The median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 1.8 (range 0–11.5) yr. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug colitis is a clinically significant disease, which may present with diarrhea, anemia, and nonspecific abdominal complaints. Careful history taking, together with awareness of endoscopic and histological findings, allows a timely diagnosis of this disease.
Intraplate seismicity of antarctica and tectonic implications

Abstract We present a comprehensive study of the seismicity of the Antarctic plate for the period 1925–1980. The total seismic energy released during this period in the interior of the plate, 3.2 × 1022 ergs, is compared to figures for the African plate, of similar kinematics and size, and to the neighboring Nazca plate. We conclude that Antarctic seismicity is comparable to that of other plates, thus refuting the claim that a surrounding ring of spreading ridges hampers transmission of tectonic stress and leaves it stress-free, and clearly showing the importance of ridge-push as a driving mechanism for the plates. In the souteastern Pacific Basin, it is shown that the line of maximum age in the plate, which is the locus of previous positions of the triple junction, is a line of preferential stress release, along with more conventional features, e.g. fracture zones. In the Indian Ocean, we study a 1973 earthquake northeast of Kerguelen (Ms = 5.5): its depth (45 km), tensional mechanism, and low stress suggest that it represents a magmatic process related to the nearby hotspot, and possibly involving the pipeline structure proposed by Morgan.
Purification of colchicine, its photoisomer(s), and some congeners by paper and thin-layer chromatography

Abstract Four paper and four thin-layer chromatographic systems were studied for their ability to separate colchicine from its photoisomer(s) and other congeners. The best thin-layer systems were found to be chloroform: acetone:diethylamine (5:4:1) and chloroform:diethylamine (9:1) on silica gel. The most useful paper chromatographic systems were found to be benzene:acetic acid:water (10:4:10) and benzene:hexane:acetic acid:water (6:4:3:7) run for 4 hours. The importance of identifying and quantitating the light-induced degradation products of colchicine in radioisotopic studies on the metabolic fate of this drug in the human subject was stressed in these studies. The methods described were used to provide rapid and reproducible techniques for the measurement of colchicine in plasma, urine, and white blood cells.
Cell density-dependent stimulation of glutamine synthetase activity in cultured mouse teratoma cells

Abstract A density dependent stimulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity has been observed in cultures of mouse teratoma cells. GS specific activity increased as cultures approached confluency to a level greater than 2-fold over the basal level found in sparse cultures. After confluency the GS specific activity returned to the basal level found in sparse cultures. The enzyme increase could not be attributed to age of cultures, medium or glutamine depletion, cell leakage of GS, or change in the amount of cellular protein. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) plus theophylline lowered GS specific activity both in cultured teratoma and in teratoma obtained from ascites grown tumors. The enzyme increase observed in cultured teratoma cells could be prevented by cycloheximide, and enhanced by hydrocortisone or actinomycin D.