cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specificity in suppression of SOS expression by recA4162 and uvrD303.

Abstract Detection and repair of DNA damage is essential in all organisms and depends on the ability of proteins recognizing and processing specific DNA substrates. In E. coli , the RecA protein forms a filament on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) produced by DNA damage and induces the SOS response. Previous work has shown that one type of recA mutation ( e.g. , recA4162 ( I298V )) and one type of uvrD mutation ( e.g. , uvrD303 (D403A, D404A)) can differentially decrease SOS expression depending on the type of inducing treatments (UV damage versus RecA mutants that constitutively express SOS). Here it is tested using other SOS inducing conditions if there is a general feature of ssDNA generated during these treatments that allows recA4162 and uvrD303 to decrease SOS expression. The SOS inducing conditions tested include growing cells containing temperature-sensitive DNA replication mutations ( dnaE486 , dnaG2903 , dnaN159, dnaZ2016 (at 37 °C)), a del(polA)501 mutation and induction of Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs). uvrD303 could decrease SOS expression under all conditions, while recA4162 could decrease SOS expression under all conditions except in the polA strain or when DSBs occur. It is hypothesized that recA4162 suppresses SOS expression best when the ssDNA occurs at a gap and that uvrD303 is able to decrease SOS expression when the ssDNA is either at a gap or when it is generated at a DSB (but does so better at a gap).
Rozella andRozellopsis: Naked endoparasitic fungi which dress-up as their hosts

This monograph surveys the literature on all species of the zoosporic fungal generaRozella (Chytridiales, Olpidiaceae) andRozellopsis (Lagenidiales, Olpidiopsidaceae), which are obligate intracellular parasites of other zoosporic fungi. The special characteristic of these parasites is that their zoosporangium (ZS) fills completely a “compartment,” such as a hyphal segment or a protuberance, in the host thallus. However, the truly distinctive feature of the zoosporangia ofRozella andRozellopsis appears to be the absence of a cell wall of their own. Thus far, this feature has been demonstrated only inRozella allomycis (A. A. Held, Canad. J. Bot.58: 959–979, 1980). However, the fact that in all other species the compartment of the host thallus is occupied just by a single ZS and is separated from the rest of the thallus by one or more septa indicates strongly that the wall which surrounds the ZS belongs entirely to the host. It is argued that since zoospore release is explosive, it is necessary that internal pressure be maintained temporarily in the ZS, and a container made of the host’s cell wall can provide the needed mechanical support only to one naked parasite ZS. (If several naked ZS. filled the container, after the first one released its zoospores the remainder might be unable to do so.) The septation, which the parasite apparently evokes in the host, delimits a ZS which in most cases resembles that of the host, and this phenomenon is referred to as host mimicry. In fact, this septation may in turn bring about the reproductive phase of the parasite. So-called monosporangiate parasite species, which form solitary, nonconjoined ZS, occur in hosts whose own ZS are single (monocentric chytrids) or nonconjoined (e.g.,Pythium spp.), whereas polysporangiate species, which form linear sori of conjoined ZS, occur in hosts which tend to form similarly arranged ZS or gemmae on their own (Allomyces spp., Saprolegniaceae). The naked parasite apparently also stimulates the host wall to form a discharge apparatus-a papilla or tube through which the parasite zoospores are released.
Transcription antitermination in vitro by lambda N gene product: Requirement for a phage nut site and the products of host nusA, nusB, and nusE genes

Employing specifically engineered plasmids in which the expression of E. coli galK cistron is regulated by transcription termination, we have analyzed the antitermination function of phage lambda N gene product in S30 extracts. Antitermination by N, dependent on its site of action, nutL, is defective in the extracts prepared from nusA, nusB, and nusE mutants. By complementation analysis, we demonstrate that none of the these nus mutations affects the synthesis of N or the other nus gene products to cause a defect in antitermination. Rather, these mutations have inactivated a set of specific host components, the Nus factors, which are essential for N activity. Curiously, an appreciable portion of N and Nus complementation activities of an S30 extract is ribosome-associated. The significance of this finding remains to be uncovered.
A simulator for perfusion training.

In this study, a patient simulator was designed and fabricated to train students to respond to various clinical situations associated with heart-lung bypass machine operation and to respond to changes in patient clinical parameters. The students will use the simulator to gain pre-clinical experience. The training system will initially simulate normal heart-lung bypass conditions. During a training session, the instructor will be able to simulate problems that may happen during a real procedure. Some of these problems are stopping of rotation of one of the roller pump heads, abnormal changes in the vital parameters, such as oxygenation level or biochemical values, high blood pressure, and occlusion in arterial or venous lines. The simulator will train students to respond properly to these situations, hence, allowing them to gain clinical experience without impacting patient safety and the outcome of real life procedures. The simulator can also be used for assessment of the students’ competency levels.
The influence of loading rate and concurrent microstructural evolution in micrometric talc- and wollastonite-reinforced high isotactic polypropylene composites

The paper describes the response of neat high isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and talc (iPP-T) and wollastonite (iPP-W)-reinforced polypropylenes to tensile loading rate and the evolution of microstructure during plastic deformation. Unreinforced and reinforced polypropylene materials exhibit significant sensitivity to tensile loading rate (strain rate) and the change in strain rate sensitivity index parameter with strain signifies a change in the micromechanism of plastic deformation and mode of fracture. Plastic deformation in neat high isotactic polypropylene is characterized by craze-tearing and brittle mode of fracture, while both talc- and wollastonite-reinforced polypropylenes are characterized by wedge, ridge-tearing, fibrillation, and brittle fracture. The brittle fracture is associated with debonding of mineral particles from the polypropylene matrix. However, yield stress of all the three materials exhibit similar dependence to loading rate and similar activation volume that suggests similarity in the onset of plastic deformation process.
How Much Fault Protection is Enough &#8211; A Deep Impact Perspective

For the deep impact project, a myriad of fault protection (FP) monitors, symptoms, alarms and responses is engineered into the spacecraft FP software, common and yet custom to the flyby and impactor mother-daughter spacecraft. Device faults and functional faults are monitored, which are mapped 1-to-n into FP symptoms, per instance of the fault. Symptoms are then mapped n-to-1 to FP alarms, further down mapped n-to-1 to FP responses. Though the final statistics of 49 monitors, 921 symptoms, 667 alarms, and 39 responses appear to be staggering, it remains debatable whether the amount of on-board autonomous fault protection is sufficient and friendly to operate
An evaluation of federal reserve forecasting: Comment

This paper examines the forecasts of the Federal Reserve and compares our results with those that Jansen and Kishan published earlier. Our findings with regard to rationality differ from the earlier study because we cannot conclude that the current quarter GNP forecasts are biased. The paper attempts to explain why the two sets of results differ.
Endogenous Marinobufagenin-like Immunoreactive Factor and Na+,K+ ATPase Inhibition During Voluntary Hypoventilation

Abstract In previous studies investigators found that conditioned hypoventilatory breathing potentiated a sodium-sensitive form of hypertension in dogs that was not mediated by sympathetic nervous system arousal. Our study investigated effects of 30 minutes of voluntary hypoventilation, maintained by a respiratory gas monitor and feedback procedure, in 16 normotensive humans of both sexes on (1) plasma concentrations of endogenous digitalis-like factors (ouabain-like and marinobufagenin-like immunoreactivity), (2) activity of erythrocyte Na + ,K + -ATPase, (3) inhibitory activity of plasma Na + ,K + -ATPase, and (4) blood pressure. Increased end tidal Pco 2 (41±0.78 mm Hg versus 37.6±1.03 mm Hg) was associated with (1) an increase in plasma marinobufagenin-like immunoreactivity (1.23±0.47 versus 4.96±1.19 nmol/L), (2) an inhibition of Na + ,K + -ATPase in red blood cells (3.68±0.22 versus 2.15±0.25 mmol P i · mL −1 · h −1 ; P + ,K + -ATPase inhibitory activity (34.9±4.0% versus 48.8±2.1%, P + ,K + -ATPase activity (3.99±0.34 mmol P i · mL −1 · h −1 ). Cessation of hypoventilation was associated with decreases in diastolic blood pressure (70.5±2.2 mm Hg) and restoration of Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in erythrocytes (2.99±0.43 mmol P i · mL −1 · h −1 ). On the basis of organic extraction and thin-layer chromatography followed by separation with the use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, the material coeluting with marinobufagenin was separated from human urine. This material cross-reacted with anti-marinobufagenin antibody. These results demonstrate the presence of a bufadienolide-like Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibitor in human plasma and support the view that breathing pattern may participate in blood pressure control via release of a rapidly acting circulating Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibitor.
Childbirth and subsequent development of pelvic organ prolapse.

Commentary on: Gyhagen M, Bullarbo M, Nielsen T, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse 20 years after childbirth: a national cohort study in singleton primiparae after vaginal or caesarean delivery. BJOG 2013;120:152–60.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition in women and can cause significant physical discomfort and have a negative effect on quality of life. There is significant debate about how to best define POP as a disease.1 There are often discrepancies between ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ patient measures. Although many pelvic symptoms have been attributed to POP, most have only weak-to-moderate correlations with examinations. The symptom that most strongly correlates is the presence of a vaginal bulge that can be seen or felt; however, this is not highly sensitive. There are women with advanced POP that do not report vaginal bulge. Therefore, it is generally accepted … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBJOG%26rft.volume%253D120%26rft.spage%253D152%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252F1471-0528.12020%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23121158%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/1471-0528.12020&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23121158&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F6%2Fe51.atom
Fire, fuels and restoration of ponderosa pine–Douglas fir forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA

Aim Forest restoration in ponderosa pine and mixed ponderosa pine‐Douglas fir forests in the US Rocky Mountains has been highly influenced by a historical model of frequent, low-severity surface fires developed for the ponderosa pine forests of the Southwestern USA. A restoration model, based on this low-severity fire model, focuses on thinning and prescribed burning to restore historical forest structure. However, in the US Rocky Mountains, research on fire history and forest structure, and early historical reports, suggest the low-severity model may only apply in limited geographical areas. The aim of this article is to elaborate a new variable-severity fire model and evaluate the applicability of this model, along with the low-severity model, for the ponderosa pine‐Douglas fir forests of the Rocky Mountains. Location Rocky Mountains, USA. Methods The geographical applicability of the two fire models is evaluated using historical records, fire histories and forest age-structure analyses. Results Historical sources and tree-ring reconstructions document that, near or before ad 1900, the low-severity model may apply in dry, low-elevation settings, but that fires naturally varied in severity in most of these forests. Low-severity fires were common, but high-severity fires also burned thousands of hectares. Tree regeneration increased after these high-severity fires, and often attained densities much greater than those reconstructed for Southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Main conclusions Exclusion of fire has not clearly and uniformly increased fuels or shifted the fire type from low- to high-severity fires. However, logging and livestock grazing have increased tree densities and risk of high-severity fires in some areas. Restoration is likely to be most effective which seeks to (1) restore variability of fire, (2) reverse changes brought about by livestock grazing and logging, and (3) modify these land uses so that degradation is not repeated.
Partial algebras, meaning categories and algebraization

Many approaches to natura language semantics are essentially model-theoretic, typically cast in type theoretic terms. Many linguists have adopted type theory or many-sorted algebras [see H. Hendriks, Compositionality and model-theoretic interpretation, J. Logic, Language Inform. 10 (2001) 29-48 and references therein]. However, recently Hodges [Formal features of compositionality, J. Logic, Language Inform. 10 (2001) 7-28] has offered an approach to compositionality using just partial algebras. An approach in terms of partial algebras seems at the outset more justified, since the typing is often just artificially superimposed on language (and makes many words massively polymorphic). On the other hand, many-sorted algebras are easier to handle than partial algebras, and are therefore generally preferred. This paper investigates the dialectics between partial algebras and many-sorted algebras and tries to set the background for an approach in the spirit of Hodges [Formal features of compositionality, J. Logic, Language Inform. 10 (2001) 7-28], which also incorporates insights from algebraic logic, in particular from Blok and Pigozzi [Algebraizable logics, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 77 (396) (1990)]. The analytic methods that we shall develop here shall also be applied to combinatory algebras and algebraizations of predicate logic.
ESP in the Psychology Curriculum

The Psychology Staff at Pittsburgh wanted to increase its credibility with the students and achieve the objectives of a liberal arts course.
Across the (Not So) Great Divide: Cultural Similarities in Self‐Evaluative Processes

Although it is widely assumed that East Asians and Westerners evaluate themselves differently, there is much support for cultural convergences. In this article, I review evidence showing that in both cultures (and to a largely comparable degree), people (a) experience high feelings of self-regard; (b) view themselves and loved ones in highly positive terms; and (c) exhibit self-serving biases that promote feelings of self-worth. Moreover, in both cultures (and to a largely comparable degree), individual differences in self-esteem predict (d) psychological well-being and (e) emotional regulation in response to negative outcomes. These commonalities suggest that self-love is a universal human motivation. Readers who have kept abreast of developments in social and personality psychology over the past 10 years have probably noticed that cultural differences in self-evaluative processes (e.g., self-esteem, self-enhancement, self-appraisals) have received a good deal of attention (Brown, 2003; Heine, Lehman, Markus, & Kitayama, 1999; Sedikides, Gaertner, & Toguchi, 2003; Sedikides & Gregg, 2008). Most of the attention centers around differences between East Asians (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Koreans), who reside in an interdependent, collectivistic cultural context that emphasizes interpersonal harmony and connectedness with others, and Westerners (e.g., Americans, Canadians, and West Europeans), who reside in an independent, individualistic cultural context that emphasizes originality and self-reliance. Conceivably, these cultural differences could translate into cultural differences in self-evaluative processes. In this article, I review evidence relevant to this possibility. I begin by discussing the nature of self-esteem and self-enhancement more broadly, before turning to a more specific review of cultural similarities and differences. To foreshadow my conclusion, I believe the evidence shows that whenever cultural differences in self-evaluative processes are found, they represent phenotypic expressions of a common (genotypic) motive: The motive to feel good about ourselves. Before beginning, it’s important to explain why anyone should care whether self-evaluative processes are consistent across cultures. The answer is this: Virtually all theories of human motivation propose that people strive to feel good about themselves (e.g., Becker, 1968; Deci & Ryan, 1995; James, 1890; Maslow, 1943; Rogers, 1961). For some theories, this need is so vital that effective functioning is possible only after it is first satisfied (Maslow, 1943). Because it sheds light on the universality of positive self-feelings, crosscultural research on self-evaluative processes bears on these theories.
A network approach to formulating communication strategy

This article proposes that an examination and analysis of a company's overall communication network may provide some significant guidelines for increasing the organization's communication effectiveness. Through a review of literature in organization communication, this article explains network roles and considers their contributions to the communication climate. Managerial implications are also discussed.
Garbage collection in a distributed object-oriented system

An algorithm for garbage collection in distributed systems with object sharing across processor boundaries is described. The algorithm allows local garbage collection at each node in the system to proceed independently of local collection at the other nodes. It requires no global synchronization or knowledge of the global state of the system and exhibits the capability for graceful degradation. The concept of a specialized dump node is proposed to facilitate the collection of inaccessible circular structures. An experimental evaluation of the algorithm is also described. The algorithm is compared with a corresponding scheme that requires global synchronization. The results show that the algorithm works well in distributed processing environments even when the locality of object references is low. >
Monaural Speech Separation

Monaural speech separation has been studied in previous systems that incorporate auditory scene analysis principles. A major problem for these systems is their inability to deal with speech in the high-frequency range. Psychoacoustic evidence suggests that different perceptual mechanisms are involved in handling resolved and unresolved harmonics. Motivated by this, we propose a model for monaural separation that deals with low-frequency and high-frequency signals differently. For resolved harmonics, our model generates segments based on temporal continuity and cross-channel correlation, and groups them according to periodicity. For unresolved harmonics, the model generates segments based on amplitude modulation (AM) in addition to temporal continuity and groups them according to AM repetition rates derived from sinusoidal modeling. Underlying the separation process is a pitch contour obtained according to psychoacoustic constraints. Our model is systematically evaluated, and it yields substantially better performance than previous systems, especially in the high-frequency range.
Implications for Timing of Andean Uplift from Thermal Resetting of Radiation‐Damaged Zircon in the Cordillera Huayhuash, Northern Peru

Abstract The Cordillera Huayhuash is a north‐south‐oriented range along the drainage divide of the northern Peruvian Andes. The range has high topography with peaks in excess of 5500 m and the second‐highest peak in Peru, Nevados Yerupaja (6617 m). Bedrock is dominated by folded Mesozoic miogeoclinal rocks unconformably overlain by mid‐Tertiary volcanics intruded by Late Tertiary granitic rocks and silicic dikes. Zircon fission track (ZFT) and (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) dating of zircons along a west‐east transect elucidates the thermal evolution of exhumed and uplifted rocks. The stability of fission tracks in zircons is a function of single‐grain radiation damage. In samples with grain‐to‐grain variability in radiation damage, resetting results in variable resetting and multiple age populations. Low retentive zircons (LRZs), which have a partly disordered crystalline structure, have significant radiation damage and a low temperature of annealing (ca. 180°–200°C). High retentive zircons (HRZs), which are nearly cry...
Effect of Nucleotide on the Binding of Peptides to 70-kDa Heat Shock Protein

In previous work we found that bovine brain hsp70 has a single binding site for nucleotide, and that, with ATP at this site, the rates of association and dissociation of clathrin from hsp70 are fast, whereas with ADP at this site, these rates are unmeasurably slow. In the present study we show, first, that peptide C, cytochrome c peptide, and RNase S peptide bind competitively with clathrin, suggesting that they bind to the same site on hsp70, although RNase S peptide binds an order of magnitude more weakly than peptide C and cytochrome c peptide. Second, we show that, with ADP bound to hsp70, as occurs with clathrin, the rate constant for dissociation of peptide markedly decreases compared to the rate constant observed in ATP. In contrast, ADP only slightly decreases the rate of association of peptide. Based on these data we propose a model in which substrates of hsp70 bind to and dissociate from the ATP form of the enzyme, while, following ATP hydrolysis, they are locked onto the ADP form of the enzyme, unable to dissociate until ADP is released and ATP rebinds.
Site invasibility by exotic birds and mammals

Abstract Eradication of exotic species has been proposed to protect the integrity of nature reserves, but this can be a futile attack on symptoms without curing the causes of site invasibility—the susceptibility of a site to invasion by exotic species. More exotic bird and mammal species are found in California nature reserves that are surrounded by agriculture and human settlement, and that have suffered reduced richness of native mammal species. The chaparral ecotope contains 37 of the 41 exotic bird and mammal species in California, many of which are confined to large urban centers or residences. Farmland and settlements in the grassland ecotope support 17 of the wider-ranging exotic species. Site invasibility did not decrease with habitat area, but habitat fragmentation might lower biotic resistance in reserves by reducing mammal species richness and abundance after restricting dispersal. Reserve integrity can be best protected by landscape management that promotes native mammal species richness in and around reserves.
SNPselector: a web tool for selecting SNPs for genetic association studies

Summary: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are commonly used for association studies to find genes responsible for complex genetic diseases. With the recent advance of SNP technology, researchers are able to assay thousands of SNPs in a single experiment. But the process of manually choosing thousands of genotyping SNPs for tens or hundreds of genes is time consuming. We have developed a web-based program, SNPselector, to automate the process. SNPselector takes a list of gene names or a list of genomic regions as input and searches the Ensembl genes or genomic regions for available SNPs. It prioritizes these SNPs on their tagging for linkage disequilibrium, SNP allele frequencies and source, function, regulatory potential and repeat status. SNPselector outputs result in compressed Excel spreadsheet files for review by the user. Availability: SNPselector is freely available at http://primer.duhs.duke.edu/ Contact: mike.hauser@duke.edu
Activity of daptomycin alone and in combination with rifampin and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus assessed by time-kill methodology.

The synergistic effects of daptomycin plus gentamicin or rifampin were tested against 50 Staphylococcus aureus strains, with daptomycin MICs ranging between 0.25 and 8 μg/ml. Daptomycin sub-MICs combined with gentamicin concentrations lower than the MIC yielded synergy in 34 (68%) of the 50 strains. Daptomycin combined with rifampin yielded synergy in one vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strain only, and virtually all synergy occurred between daptomycin and gentamicin.
Robust downlink power-control for DS-CDMA system with multimedia services

A robust downlink power-control approach for mitigating the degradation in the received SINR of a DS-CDMA system due to channel estimates error is proposed. It is shown that designing a robust downlink power-control is equivalent to solving a robust linear-programming power-minimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in improving received SINR and reducing outage probability for various data-rate scenarios.
Structural dynamics in the gating ring of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.

For ligand-gated ion channels, the binding of a ligand to an intracellular or extracellular domain generates changes in transmembrane pore-forming helices, which alters ion flow. The molecular mechanism for this allostery, however, remains unknown. Here we explore the structure and conformational rearrangements of the C-terminal gating ring of the cyclic nucleotide–gated channel CNGA1 during activation by cyclic nucleotides with patch-clamp fluorometry. By monitoring fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) between membrane-resident quenchers and fluorophores attached to the channel, we detected no movement orthogonal to the membrane during channel activation. By monitoring FRET between fluorophores within the C-terminal region, we determined that the C-terminal end of the C-linker and the end of the C-helix move apart when channels open. We conclude that during channel activation, a portion of the gating ring moves parallel to the plasma membrane, hinging toward the central axis of the channel.
Multivariable Control Systems with Saturating Actuators Antireset Windup Strategies

This paper contains preliminary, yet promising, results for introducing antireset windup (ARW) properties in multivariable feedback control systems with multiple saturating actuator nonlinearities and integrating action. The ARW method introduces simple nonlinear feedback around the integrators. The multiloop circle criterion is used to derive sufficient conditions for closed-loop stability that employ frequency-domain singular value tests. The improvement in transient response due to the ARW feedback is demonstrated using a 2-input 2-output control system based upon the F-404 jet engine dynamics.
Insecticide Susceptibility in Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes virginicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Lethal time to mortality responses were established for eight insecticides against workers and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and workers of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks). There were significant differences in the tolerance ratios between workers of C. formosanus colonies to all toxicants tested except fipronil. One colony was 16 times more tolerant than another to deltamethin. C. formosanus soldiers had significant differences in tolerance ratios among colonies exposed to all toxicants except chlorpyrifos. Methoxychlor, permethrin, deltamethrin, and fipronil did not kill soldiers from two, one, one, and three colonies, respectively, within 8 h. Seventy-five percent of R. virginicus colonies were significantly less susceptible than the most susceptible colony to chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and fipronil, with 50% of the colonies less susceptible to permethrin and bendiocarb. In 50% of C. formosanus colonies the worker lethal time curves displayed substantial flattening in response to permethrin, and deltamethrin. Lethal time curses for C. formosanus soldiers exposed to chlordane, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb showed substantial flattening. R. virginicus workers demonstrated substantial curve flattening when exposed to chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and fipronil. These findings indicate substantial intercolony and intra-colony differences in susceptibility to insecticides.
On the convection velocity of source events related to supersonic jet crackle

An image analysis method is developed and applied to shadowgraph images of supersonic jet flow to measure shock front propagation angles at numerous interrogation points distributed throughout the quiescent region outside of the jet shear layer. These shock fronts manifest in acoustic measurements of jet noise as steepened temporal waveforms that have been linked to the perception of crackle. The analysis method uses the Radon transform to quantitatively determine a local shock front propagation angle at each point. The dataset of angles is subsequently used to determine the locations and convection velocities of the sources inside the jet shear layer. The results indicate that the shock-like waves emerge immediately from the jet shear layer and are created by the supersonic convection of coherent structures. The statistical distribution of convection velocities follows an extreme value distribution, indicating that the shock front emitting sources are maxima of the underlying turbulence. A noise reduction method known to reduce the convection velocities in the jet shear layer is applied to the jet to investigate the effect on the shock front emission. The shock front angles change in concert with the reduction in convection velocity giving further evidence that the source of crackle is a flow field event.
Resistance Switching in Electrodeposited VO2 Thin Films

Films of VO2 are deposited by electrochemically reducing a triethanolamine complex of V(V) in an aqueous solution, followed by a short anneal at 400 °C. The VO2 undergoes a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) at 322 K, and exhibits sharp resistance switching at room temperature with very low current (0.5 mA) and voltage (0.12 V) requirements. The electrodeposition method opens up inexpensive possibilities for the fabrication of ultrafast switches, Mott field effect transitions, memristors, and solid-state memory.
Struggling to Overcome the State’s Prescription for Practice A Study of a Sample of Early Educators’ Professional Development and Action Research Projects in a High-Stakes Teaching Context

Issues of standardization, student achievement, and diversity have dramatically altered teaching within early childhood programs across the United States. This has created a situation in which teac...
Premerger Notification in Canada: How Well is it Working?

Canadian competition law was initiated at roughly the same time as U.S. antitrust law. Since the latter part of the 19th century, Canadian Law has undergone a number of changes. This paper briefly traces the development of the Canadian legislation, mainly as it relates to its treatment of conspiracy and mergers. Its primary focus, however, is on the Canadian premerger notification program, which went into effect in late 1987. While describing the program, some comparisons will be made with the U.S. program on which it was based. An examination will be made of the limited data available on the Canadian premerger notification program from which some conclusions will be drawn relative to the compliance with and effectiveness of said program.
Epidemiological characteristics and impact factors of adult measles during 2009—2012 in shanghai

[Objective] To analyse the impact factors for adult measles and its epidemiological characteristics in shanghai. [Methods] The data on adult measles incidence during 2009—2012 were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology method. And the blood antibody titers was measured by ELISA method in the adult over18 years old in Hong Kou District of Shanghai. [Results] Zero dose vaccination and vaccination failure were the key reasons for the increase of adult measles,which were closely related to our history of prevention and treatment of measles. [Conclusion] Adult immunization should be strengthened to improve immune barrier and to reduce the measles incidence in adults,and it is suggested that the immunization for 10- 15 year- olds should be strengthened so as to improve the overall antibody levels in adults as a whole.
Research on the cognitive of the visual form for the product interaction design

The black-box operation among information products easily leads to the knowledge gap between designers and users.The conclusions gotten from analyzing product forms with visual perception in interaction design could help designers better understand the user's behavior.According to research methods of visual perception theories of cognitive psychology,the analysis of product forms for the interaction design got regularity summary and appropriate design principles.And cases were used for the practical application of the theory analysis.Studies have shown that the first element of visual form perception is the spatial characteristics of morphological identification and in the form of minimalism.There exist figure-ground relationship that can be converted into each other which can help user to get functional changes for their cognitive thinking.According to the characteristics of interactive products,color and shape guides each other purposefully.Context is critical for users to understand the interaction.
Long-term effect on ieishmaniasis control by large-scale killing and complete prohibition of keeping dogs in endemic areas

During 1990 to 1993,the control measures of killing and prohibition of keeping dogs were carried out in Wenchuan and Lixian counties.3-5 years later,the leishmaniasis incidence decreased year by year.The annual incidence remained in a low level.Since 1997,there was no case detected in Lixian County and very few cases were found in Wen- chuan County.Those methods have exerted a significant long-term effect on controlling leishmaniasis.
Pets and Parasites.

Which parasites can be transmitted by household cats and dogs? Certainly a variety of potentially dangerous helminths and protozoa can be transmitted to humans from pets but, for the most part, very special conditions must be present before this occurs. Small children, pregnant women and immunocompromised persons are three groups at greater potential risk than the general population. Infants and toddlers may contract visceral or cutaneous larva migrans, tapeworm infections and, rarely, other helminths or protozoa. Pregnant women and their offspring are at special risk for toxoplasmosis. Immunocompromised persons (including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are susceptible to multiple infections but especially to cryptosporidiosis, an underdiagnosed zoonosis present in contaminated water supplies. Other zoonotic infections (Echinococcosis, Dirofilariasis) rarely appear in the general population but, when they do occur, pose very real diagnostic challenges. The risk of disease transmission from pets can be minimized by taking a few simple precautions such as avoiding fecal-oral contact, not emptying the cat's litterbox if pregnant, washing hands carefully after handling pets, worming pets regularly and supervising toddler-pet interactions. In most cases, the psychologic benefits of pet ownership appear to outweigh the reducible risks of disease transmission.
The Quest for the Replacement Knee

Summary The polycentric knee arthroplasty, developed by Gunston and modified by us, has given excellent early results in 44 of 49 patients with 59 knees operated upon. Only five complications developed. The details of the operation are given. It is stressed, however, that this is a preliminary report only, since we have not followed the results of the operation long enough to be certain of the end results.
Comparison of two methods for determining the sorption correction for a vacuum-realized kilogram

The International System of Units (SI) is expected to be revised in 2018, and in this new system, the unit of mass, the kilogram, will be realized in a vacuum environment. In order to transfer the vacuum realization to artifacts in atmospheric pressure air, the effects of the sorption of atmospheric contaminants must either be corrected for or eliminated. NIST has constructed a system that directly compares a mass in vacuum to a mass in air, thereby eliminating the need for sorption correction. We describe the operation of this system and compare results to those obtained from sorption corrections.
Empty Housing in America, Housing Needs, Shadow Banks and the Sharing Economy

The credit crisis has revealed economic inequalities across the world, yet it has emphasized transitions in the way middle class and working class people have handled wealth and consumption. This has mostly been focused in the press on changes in home ownership but has had dramatic effects in how and where people live as well as in their use of automobiles and their living spaces. This paper examines some of these changes in a general context of the degradation of the quality of life of Americans.
INK PENETRATION DURING HIGH-SPEED PRINTING OF UNCOATED PAPER

Abstract The study of transfer of two letterpress inks to an uncoated paper has been extended from the low speed range available on a Vandercook Proof Press to 1400 fpm using the FOGRA Printability Tester. Agreement between results from the two presses was remarkably good especially in the case of the film splitting transfer parameter. Total transfer was found to decrease continuously with increasing speed from 60 up to about 800 fpm, after which it increased slightly with the less viscous ink and leveled off with the more viscous ink. Analysis of the transfer parameters revealed that film splitting decreased continuously to approach zero at high speeds; consequently, the majority of the transfer at high speeds could be attributed to ink immobilization. Ink immobilization, however, passed through two inversions as speed was increased over the range studied. Varying degrees of paper compression during nip contact were suggested as the cause for this effect. Microtomed sections of the prints prepared at 200 fpm and 220 pli, indicated that penetration paralleled ink transfer with increasing film thickness. The effects of printing conditions on penetration were evaluated from sections of prints containing 3 and 6 microns of ink. Ink penetration as well as caliper changes in the printed stock reflect complex responses to printing conditions.
Developing a Capacity for Self-Preservation and Emergency Management Among Battered Families

A study of families' responses to emergency situations was conducted. Participants included 5 single mothers, and their children, who had been victims of domestic violence. During baseline, families' survival skills were assessed in role-play scenarios involving threatening intruders, fire, and medical emergencies. Subsequently, family members were instructed in ways to manage these emergencies. Components of training were individualized on the basis of each family's situation (e.g., whether they possessed working automobiles, telephones). Results indicated all participants mastered these survival skills and maintained them during follow-up observations.
Bootstrapping and dogmatism

Dogmatists claim that having a perceptual experience as of p can provide one with immediate and defeasible warrant to believe that p. A persistent complaint against this position is that it sanctions an intuitively illicit form of reasoning: bootstrapping. I argue that dogmatism has no such commitments. Dogmatism is compatible with a principle that disallows the final non-deductive inference in the bootstrapping procedure. However, some authors have maintained that such strategy is doomed to failure because earlier stages of in the bootstrapping inference are already problematic. I argue that insofar as these inferences appear problematic, the dogmatist is not committed to sanctioning them. I conclude that the bootstrapping argument presents no significant objection to the claim that perceptual experiences can provide immediate and defeasible warrant to believe their contents.
Sensory-specific satiety is intact in rats made obese on a high-fat high-sugar choice diet

Sensory-specific satiety (SSS) is the temporary decreased pleasantness of a recently eaten food, which inhibits further eating. Evidence is currently mixed whether SSS is weaker in obese people, and whether such difference precedes or follows from the obese state. Animal models allow testing whether diet-induced obesity causes SSS impairment. Female rats (n = 24) were randomly assigned to an obesogenic high-fat, high-sugar choice diet or chow-only control. Tests of SSS involved pre-feeding a single palatable, distinctively-flavored food (cheese- or cocoa-flavored) prior to free choice between both foods. Rats were tested for short-term SSS (2 h pre-feeding immediately followed by 2 h choice) and long-term SSS (3 day pre-feeding prior to choice on day 4). In both short- and long-term tests rats exhibited SSS by shifting preference towards the food not recently eaten. SSS was not impaired in obese rats. On the contrary, in the long-term tests they showed stronger SSS than controls. This demonstrates that neither the obese state nor a history of excess energy consumption fundamentally causes impaired SSS in rats. The putative impaired SSS in obese people may instead reflect a specific predisposition, properties of the obesogenic diet, or history of restrictive dieting and bingeing.
Photon-Induced Near-Field Electron Microscopy of Eukaryotic Cells.

Photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM) is a technique to produce and then image evanescent electromagnetic fields on the surfaces of nanostructures. Most previous applications of PINEM have imaged surface plasmon-polariton waves on conducting nanomaterials. Here, the application of PINEM on whole human cancer cells and membrane vesicles isolated from them is reported. We show that photons induce time-, orientation-, and polarization-dependent evanescent fields on the surfaces of A431 cancer cells and isolated membrane vesicles. Furthermore, the addition of a ligand to the major surface receptor on these cells and vesicles (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, EGFR) reduces the intensity of these fields in both preparations. In the absence of plasmon waves in biological samples, we propose these evanescent fields reflect the changes of EGFR kinase domain polarization upon ligand binding.
Constructing the Klamath: Nature, Culture, and the Management of a Western River

Despite decades of scientific research, stakeholder negotiations, and policy proposals, management of the Klamath River in southern Oregon and northern California remains hotly contested. This rese...
Case 5: Chest Pain and Elevated Troponin in a Teenager.

1. Benson S. Hsu, MD, MBA* 2. Mary Guillot, MD* 3. Jennifer Mosher, MD† 4. Theresa Stamato, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 2. †Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND A 16-year-old boy presents to a local emergency department with the acute onset of chest pain. He describes the pain as sharp, stabbing, and directly over his sternum with radiation to his back. Before this presentation, he had 1 week of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, including cough, rhinorrhea, and diarrhea. Physical examination reveals a nontoxic-appearing teenager with a temperature of 98.06°F (36.7 ° C), heart rate of 93 beats/min, respiratory rate of 23 breaths/min, blood pressure of 116/65 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation of 96% in room air. His height is 66 in and weight is 66.4 kg for a body mass index of 23.5. His cardiac examination documents regular rate and rhythm and no murmurs, rubs, or gallops. His respiratory examination reveals good air entry throughout without wheezing or crackles. Capillary refill is at 2 seconds, and he has warm and well-perfused extremities. Abdominal examination findings are benign and sternal pain is noted at the xiphoid process. In the emergency department, his chest pain improves with treatment directed at gastroesophageal reflux. …
Does Metal Ion Complexation Make Radical Clocks Run Fast? An Experimental Perspective

The rate constant for the β-scission of the cumyloxyl radical (kβ) was measured in the presence of various added electrolytes in acetonitrile and DMSO solvent. The results show that in CH3CN, kβ increases in the presence of added electrolyte, roughly paralleling the size of the cation: Li+ > Mg2+ ≈ Na+ > nBu4N+ > no added electrolyte. As suggested by Bietti et al. earlier, this effect is attributable to stabilizing ion–dipole interactions in the transition state of the developing carbonyl group, a conclusion further amplified by MO calculations (gas phase) reported herein. Compared to the gas phase predictions, however, this effect is seriously attenuated in solution because complexation of the cation to the electrophilic alkoxyl radical (relative to the solvent, CH3CN) is very weak. Because the interaction of Li+ and Na+ is much stronger with DMSO than with CH3CN, addition of these ions has no effect on the rate of β-scission.