cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Low-Income Latinas During Pregnancy and Postpartum

This longitudinal study assessed the contributions of psychosocial factors to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy and at 7 and 13 months postpartum in a sample of 206 low-income Latinas receiving prenatal services. Bilingual interviewers administered semistructured interviews that assessed sociodemographic characteristics (income, age, marital status, acculturation) and psychosocial factors (intimate partner violence (IPV), other lifetime trauma, depressive symptoms, and social support). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted at each of the 3 time points in pregnancy and postpartum to identify the best predictors of PTSD symptoms. Results revealed that low-income, depressive symptoms and a history of other lifetime trauma were associated with symptoms of PTSD during pregnancy. After controlling for PTSD symptoms at baseline, PTSD symptoms at 7 months postpartum were associated with depressive symptoms, low perceived social support, and IPV history, but not history of other trauma. After controlling for PTSD symptoms at 7 months postpartum, PTSD symptoms at 13 months were associated with depressive symptoms and IPV. Screening for depressive symptoms and noninterpersonal trauma history in early pregnancy and for depressive symptoms, IPV, and social support postpartum in low-income Latina women may aid in identifying those at heightened risk for mental distress.
A fiber optic recirculating memory loop operating at microwave frequencies

The use of optical fibers as the delay line elements in high-frequency memory loops provides light-weight and small-size devices with long time delays. The authors present a performance analysis and experimental results on a 2-6 GHz fiber-optic recirculating delay line. It is shown that microseconds delays can be achieved using the fiber-optic memory loop (FOML) in the 2 to 6 GHz band. The main advantages of the FOML devices are long delay times, in excess of 100 mu s, a reduction in weight and size by an order of magnitude or more, and immunity to interference (electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic pulse). >
Differential expression of acetylcholinesterase in the brainstem, ventrobasal thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex of perinatal rats, mice, and hamsters.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is transiently expressed by thalamocortical axons in the rat, and staining for this enzyme has been used extensively to study the development of thalamocortical projections. In the present study, patterns of AChE staining were compared in the trigeminal brainstem, thalami and primary somatosensory cortices of perinatal rats, mice, and hamsters. As previously reported, the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of rats showed dense AChE staining from P-0 at least through P-8. The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) contained heavy AChE staining at least through P-60. In the cortex, there was also dense AChE staining which was organized somatotopically in patches similar to those observed with other methods such as cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. However, by adulthood, AChE staining revealed a negative image of the CO staining pattern in lamina IV. In the mouse and hamster, there was dense AChE staining in VPL from P-0 through adulthood, but VPM was much less heavily stained for ...
Causes of Diarrhea in Tube-Fed Patients: A Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis and Management

In the absence of a standard definition for diarrhea, clinicians have developed their own descriptions, such as an increased frequency of stools, an increased quantity of water in the stool, an increased weight of the stool, or a change in the consistency of the stool. The clinician should first determine whether the diarrhea is osmotic or secretory. Diarrhea in patients who receive enteral nutrition is often caused by such conditions as diabetes, malabsorption syndromes, infection, gastrointestinal complications, or concomitant drug therapy instead of the enteral formula. Factors related to the enteral nutrition that may contribute to diarrhea include the composition of the formula, the manner of administration, or bacterial contamination. To ensure that the nutritional requirements of patients are met and the appropriate treatment is administered, all of the possible causes of diarrhea should be considered before discontinuing or reducing the amount of formula delivered.
Achieving Group Cohesion using Information Technology Tools: A Systems Perspective

This paper defines a systems theoretic model of group consensus in an information and communication technology intense environment. The model describes states of group consensus and how interventions can move the system to other states depending on the current state and the level of the intervention. The systems theoretic model is shown to be more useful in understanding why groups are influenced and how effective interventions are likely to be than the construct/influence theoretic models that dominate research in the field and can be significant tool for collaborative systems design.
Using Lossless Data Compression in Data Storage Systems: Not for Saving Space

Lossless data compression for data storage has become less popular as mass data storage systems are becoming increasingly cheap. This leaves many files stored on mass data storage media uncompressed although they are losslessly compressible. This paper proposes to exploit the lossless compressibility of those files to improve the underlying storage system performance metrics such as energy efficiency and access speed, other than saving storage space as in conventional practice. The key idea is to apply runtime lossless data compression to enable an opportunistic use of a stronger error correction code (ECC) with more coding redundancy in data storage systems, and trade such opportunistic extra error correction capability to improve other system performance metrics in the runtime. Since data storage is typically realized in the unit of equal-sized sectors (e.g., 512 B or 4 KB user data per sector), we only apply this strategy to each individual sector independently in order to be completely transparent to the firmware, operating systems, and users. Using low-density parity check (LDPC) code as ECC in storage systems, this paper quantitatively studies the effectiveness of this design strategy in both hard disk drives and NAND flash memories. For hard disk drives, we use this design strategy to reduce average hard disk drive read channel signal processing energy consumption, and results show that up to 38 percent read channel energy saving can be achieved. For NAND flash memories, we use this design strategy to improve average NAND flash memory write speed, and results show that up to 36 percent write speed improvement can be achieved for 2 bits/cell NAND flash memories.
Effect of hole transport on performance of infrared type-II superlattice light emitting diodes

The effect of hole transport on the performance of infrared light emitting diodes (LED) was investigated. The active area of the LEDs comprised two type-II superlattices with different periods and widths connected in series. Electroluminescence spectra of the devices with different positions of long wave and mid wave superlattice sections were mostly contributed by the superlattice closest to the p-contact. The experimental results indicate that due to suppressed vertical hole transport, the recombination of electrically injected electrons and holes in a type II superlattice LED active region takes place within a few superlattice periods near p-barrier. Possible reason for the effect is reduction of hole diffusion coefficient in an active area of a superlattice LED under bias.
Bayesian classification of multivariate image after MAP reconstruction of noisy channels

Presents a supervised Bayesian classifier that makes use of both spectral signatures and spatial interactions after the preprocessing of clean noisy channels. The authors apply the Markov random field model at both preprocessing and classification stages. They perform the optimization using either coordinate descent or iterated conditional mode. The estimation of filter parameters is accomplished by referring to adjacent channels that have higher signal-to-noise ratio. >
Reduced expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 and risk of prostate cancer : A case-control study

BACKGROUND Although prostate cancer is the most common incident cancer in men, not much is known about its etiology. We tested the hypothesis that expression levels of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in unaffected (normal) tissue play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of subjects ascertained by a case-control study (70 patients and 97 age- and ethnicity-matched controls). A multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to simultaneously evaluate the relative expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1, using β-actin as the internal control. RESULTS The relative gene expression levels of hMSH2 and hMLH1 were significantly lower in cases than in controls (P < 0.05 for both genes). When compared with the highest tertile of the controls, low expression levels (the middle and lowest tertiles) of hMLH1 were associated with significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in a dose–response relationship (ORs = 2.68, and 4.31; 95% confidence interval = 1.00–7.23 and 1.64–11.30, respectively) after adjustment for age, ethnicity, smoking status, and family history of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that reduced expression of hMLH1 in peripheral lymphocytes may be a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, it cannot be ruled out that the reduced expression we observed may be caused by the disease status. Our findings and the factors that may affect the expression of hMLH1 need further confirmation in larger prospective studies. Prostate 47:269–275, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trends in population attributable fraction of acute coronary syndrome and ischaemic stroke due to diabetes in Finland

Aims/hypothesis Cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates are decreasing, but the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. The effect of these developments on the population attributable fraction (PAF) of CVD events due to diabetes is not known.
Spatial and temporal fluctuations of methane production in anoxic coastal marine sediments

In vitro rates of net methane production and sulfate reduction were measured at various depths from October 1979 to November 1981 in anoxic coastal marine sediments from Cape Lookout Bight, N.C. In sulfate-rich surface sediments at l-4 cm, calculated methane production rates were within the experimental error of 0.011 mM CH,.d-‘. The depth of maximum methane production rate varied from 7-30 cm from summer to winter with summer maxima at the shallower depth. A maximum rate of 0.305 mM CH,*d-’ was measured at 7-10 cm during July 1981. At intermediate depths low rates of methane production were observed in the presence of low concentrations of dissolved sulfate; however, these rates were near or within experimental error. Integrated rates of sediment column methane production ranged from 20 pmol*m+*hin April to 2,000 in August. These rates compared well with previously measured CH, sedimentwater fluxes measured in sediments from the same field site in 1977. The total methane flux then ranged from 50 to 2,600 pmol CH4.m-2*h-1
Impact Testing of Explosives and Propellants

The drop weight impact test is the simplest and easiest test that can be performed on small quantities of explosives or propellants, and yet it has only a minimal role in assessing explosive sensitivity or performance. This paper examines the drop weight impact test as it is currently used, describes its major flaw, and suggests an alternative test that holds the promise of providing the impact energy required to ignite an energetic material. Other impact tests are described. One of these, the Ballistic Impact Chamber Test, measures the rate of reaction and extent of reaction during impact. This test demonstrates that during impact there are two forms of initiation reactions that occur, one that is very fast and is likely due to direct impact-shear initiation of the crystalline solids in the sample. The other, a much slower component, is thought to arise due to burning of the sample.
Exercise training attenuates baroreflex regulation of nerve activity in rabbits.

Baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during changes in arterial pressure were examined in conscious rabbits before and after 8 wk of treadmill endurance exercise training. Exercise-induced bradycardia (decreased HR at rest and at identical workloads) was used to document a cardiovascular training effect. At 29.4 m/min, 20% grade, posttraining HR was significantly lower than pretraining values (295 +/- 6 beats/min vs. 361 +/- 8 beats/min, P less than 0.05). Rabbits were instrumented with an occluder around the inferior vena cava (IVCO), arterial and venous catheters, and recording electrodes around renal sympathetic nerves. Baroreflex-mediated changes in HR and RSNA to a 25-mmHg decrease and increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were obtained by inflating the IVCO or progressive infusion of phenylephrine, respectively. After training, the range (maximum response minus minimum response) of baroreflex control of RSNA and HR was significantly attenuated (209 +/- 12 vs. 413 +/- 14% and 123 +/- 16 vs. 162 +/- 8 beats/min). In addition, the slope of baroreflex control of HR and RSNA was significantly attenuated after training (4.17 +/- 0.35 vs. 8.32 +/- 0.23%/mmHg and 2.57 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.14 +/- 0.4 beats.min-1.mmHg-1). These data demonstrate that endurance exercise training significantly attenuated baroreflex control of HR and RSNA in conscious rabbits.
Blood Flow in Arteries

The larger systemic arteries, shown in Figure 3.1:1, conduct blood from the heart to the peripheral organs. Their dimensions are given in Table 3.1:1. In humans, the aorta originates in the left ventricle at the aortic valve, and almost immediately curves about 180°, branching off to the head and upper limbs. It then pursues a fairly straight course downward through the diaphragm to the abdomen and legs. The aortic arch is tapered, curved, and twisted (i.e., its centerline does not lie in a plane). Other arteries have constant diameter between branches, but every time a daughter branch forks off the main trunk the diameter of the trunk is reduced. Overall, the aorta may be described as tapered. In the dog, the change of area fits the exponential equation, $$ A=A_{0}e^{(Bx/R_{o})}$$ where A is the area of the aorta, A 0 and R 0 are, respectively, the area and radius at the upstream site, x is the distance from that upstream site, and B is a “taper factor,” which has been found to lie between 0.02 and 0.05. Figure 3.1:2 shows a sketch of the dog aorta.
Smoking reductions and increased self-efficacy in a randomized controlled trial of smoking abstinence-contingent incentives in residential substance abuse treatment patients

Introduction Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) experience increased smoking-related morbidity and mortality but severely compromised smoking treatment benefits. Residential SUD treatment settings may be particularly positioned to target smoking, with ever-increasing smoking bans and culture shifts, but most smokers continue smoking. This study examined the effects of contingency management (CM) for increasing smoking abstinence in residential patients. Methods Smokers interested in quitting were recruited from a residential SUD program for men and were randomized to frequent smoking monitoring with behavioral support (monitoring; n = 21) or that plus smoking abstinence-contingent (expired carbon monoxide [CO] ≤ 6 ppm; urinary cotinine ≤ 30ng/ml) incentives (CM, n = 24) for 4 weeks. After setting a quit date, procedures included daily behavioral support and smoking self-reports, 2 CO samples (a.m./p.m.) Monday through Friday, and cotinine tests on Mondays. CM participants received escalating draws for prizes ($1, $20, and $100 values) for negative tests; positive and missed samples reset draws. Follow-ups involved samples, self-reported smoking, and self-efficacy (weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24). Results Percent days CO-negative was higher with CM (median [interquartile range] 51.7% [62.8%]) compared to monitoring (0% [32.1%]) (p = .002). Cigarettes per day declined and point-prevalence abstinence increased through follow-up (p .05). Abstinence self-efficacy increased overall during the intervention and more with CM compared to monitoring and was associated with abstinence across conditions through follow-up. Conclusions CM improved some measures of response to smoking treatment in residential SUD patients.
DNA cleavage and detection of DNA radicals formed from hydralazine and copper (II) by ESR and immuno-spin trapping.

Metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of hydrazine and its derivatives leads to the formation of the hydrazyl radical and subsequently to oxy-radicals in the presence of molecular oxygen. Here, we have examined the role of Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of hydralazine in the induction of DNA damage. Neither 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) nor dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was effective in inhibiting hydralazine-Cu2+-induced DNA damage. Singlet oxygen did not appear to participate in this DNA cleavage. The one-electron oxidation of hydralazine also leads to the formation of DNA radicals as confirmed by immuno-spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin-trapping studies further confirmed the formation of DNA radicals; predominantly, 2′-deoxyadenosine radical adducts were detected, while some radicals were also detected with other nucleosides. Our results suggest that free hydroxyl radicals may not be the main damaging species causing DNA cleavage and that possibly Cu-pe...
PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND FLOW STRESS BEHAVIORS OF PURE MOLYBDENUM DURING HOT COMPRESSION

The plastic deformation simulation of pure molybdenum at high temperature was performed on MMS-300hot simulator with the strain rates of 0. 004,0. 01,0. 1 and 1 s-1at 900 ~ 1 300 ℃. The relationship between flow stress and deformation temperature as well as strain rate was analyzed and the deformation activation energy was calculated. The results show that the flow stress decreases with the increase of deformation temperature,while increasing with the increase of strain rate. The hot deformation behavior of pure molybdenum at high temperature can be represented by constitutive equation of Zener-Hollomon parameters. The soften mechanism of pure molybdenum is composed of dynamic recovery and dynamic re-crystallization.
“Separate Two-Child” Policy Research based on System Dynamics Simulation

At present,China's total fertility rate of about 1.4,and the internationally recognized reasonabletotal fertility rate should be 2.1 or so,and the aging problem is prominent,countries adapt to the situation tolaunch the"separate two-child"policy,the policy effect,it is necessary to research the how on earth basedon the system dynamics model for simulation experiment was carried out on the"separate two-child"poli-cy,and found a new born child number 2 under this policy is no substantive change China's populationstructure,solve the current problems we are facing,and at the same time,we made the comprehensive open-ing of child policy comparison test,the results showed that under the condition of full liberalization,birthsis growing rapidly,at the end of the explosive growth in the total number is increased but not,in general,inthe current situation,to solve the population problem out two child policy role than separate two child poli-cy. So we suggest that the"separate two-child"policy to"open up 2 children",on the basis of the neces-sary measures to solve social problems such as high cost of child-rearing,application procedure complex,through publicity and education and so on change under the environment of economic rationality at thesame time hedonism and other unhealthy parenting,the restoration of China's total fertility rate to a due level.
GAPNA toolkit available online

The Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association (GAPNA) Education Committee created a web-based toolkit to improve access to geriatric and gerontological content for clinical education of advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) students, preceptors, educators, and health care professionals through a single portal of resources. Developed by a group of gerontological APRNs with educator experience, it organizes geriatric knowledge for clinical preceptors. The GAPNA Toolkit content is open access (i.e., open to all e not just GAPNA members) with the goal of improving the health care provided to older adults by APRNs and their students. The GAPNA Toolkit was initially developed in 2012 after a national discussion on the need for all APRN educators to be prepared to deliver didactic and clinical gerontological content to all APRN students, not just adult-gerontology focused students. Family, women’s health and other APRN specialties are required to include gerontological content according to national graduate program curriculum standards set by American Academy of Colleges of Nursing. The GAPNA Toolkit is based on gerontological and geriatric content that has been successfully used in didactic and clinical
Insoluble layer deposition and dilatational rheology at a microscale spherical cap interface

The dilatational properties of insoluble monolayers are important for understanding the mechanics of biological systems and consumer products, but isolating the dilatational response of an interface is challenging due to the difficulties in separating dilatation from shear and other deformation modes. Oscillations of a microscale bubble radius are useful for generating purely dilatational flows, but the current deposition methods for insoluble layers onto fluid interfaces are not easily scaled down. In this paper, we describe a miscible solvent exchange procedure for generating insoluble layers at an air–water interface pinned at the tip of a capillary tens of micrometers in diameter. We show that the amount of surfactant adsorbed at the interface can be controlled by the initial concentration dissolved in isopropanol (the starting solvent) and the volumetric flow rate of solvent exchange. Surface pressure–area isotherms and dilatational moduli are measured concurrently for three insoluble surfactants: palmitic acid (PA), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The isotherms measured on the microscale interface compare well with previous experiments performed on a Langmuir trough. However, the magnitudes of the dilatational moduli differ from those measured on either Langmuir trough or pendant drop apparatuses. Several possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed. A comparison of the dilatational modulus with the Gibbs elasticity is used to determine the presence of dilatational extra stresses at the interface. The isotherm and dilatational modulus of the insoluble component of the industrial surfactant Tween 80 are measured using this approach. The methods developed here also open the possibility for future study of the important role of finite size effects on microstructure formation and the resulting interfacial mechanics.
Causes of the Increase of Unproductive Labor

The previous two chapters have identified a very important phenomenon in the postwar US economy: the almost doubling of the ratio of unproductive labor to productive labor. This very significant increase in the relative proportion of unproductive labor accounts for almost all the differences in the trends of my estimates and the prior estimates of the rate of surplus-value and the composition of capital and, according to Marx’s theory, is the most important cause of the decline in the conventional rate of profit. This chapter presents a preliminary analysis of the underlying causes of this important phenomenon. The results are by no means conclusive; indeed, a thorough analysis of this question would require a book in itself. The purpose of this chapter is simply to identify promising hypotheses for further research. We will also discuss whether the possible causes identified are inherent or accidental features of capitalist economies.
Effect of ambient temperature on species lumping for total organic gases in gasoline exhaust emissions

Abstract Volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from sources often need to be compressed or “lumped” into species classes for use in emissions inventories intended for air quality modeling. This needs to be done to ensure computational efficiency. The lumped profiles are usually reported for one value of ambient temperature. However, temperature-specific detailed profiles have been constructed in the recent past - the current study investigates how the lumping of species from those profiles into different atmospheric chemistry mechanisms is affected by temperature, considering three temperatures (−18 °C, −7 °C and 24 °C). The mechanisms considered differed on the assumptions used for lumping: CB05 (carbon bond type), SAPRC (ozone formation potential) and RACM2 (molecular surrogate and reactivity weighting). In this space, four sub-mechanisms for SAPRC were considered. Scaling factors were developed for each lumped model species and mechanism in terms of moles of lumped species per unit mass. Species which showed a direct one-to-one mapping (SAPRC/RACM2) reported scaling factors that were unchanged across mechanisms. However, CB05 showed different trends since one compound often is mapped onto multiple model species, out of which the paraffinic double bond (PAR) is predominant. Temperature-dependent parameterizations for emission factors pertaining to each lumped species class and mechanism were developed as part of the study. Here, the same kind of model species showed varying lumping parameters across the different mechanisms. These differences could be attributed to differing approaches in lumping. The scaling factors and temperature-dependent parameterizations could be used to update emissions inventories such as MOVES or SMOKE for use in chemical transport modeling.
The Politics of School Finance in the New Normal Era

INTRODUCTION The great recession of 2008 ushered in the “new normal” era of school finance. According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, in 2012-2013, local public school districts continued to face substantial cuts to state aid because of the impact of the great recession. Oliff, Mai, and Leachman summarize:• Twenty-six states are providing less funding per student to local school districts in the new school year than they provided a year ago. These funding cuts have been modest, but, in many states, they come on top of severe cuts made in previous years.
SECAP: Towards Securing Application Provenance in the Cloud

Provenance for an application can provide important insights about the behavior and life cycle of the application. However, currently, there are no provenance management systems which collect and preserve provenance records securely for the applications running in a virtual machine hosted on the cloud. Moreover, the black-box nature of clouds and the possibility of cloud providers being malicious can make the secure application provenance management challenging. In this paper, we analyze the threats on trustworthy application provenance in the context of clouds while considering the collusion between users and cloud providers. Based on this threat model, we present the SECure Application Provenance (SECAP) scheme, which ensures the required integrity and confidentiality properties for application provenance efficiently. We evaluate the performance of the SECAP scheme on an OpenStack-based cloud. The experimental results suggest that SECAP performs better than several other state-of-the-art secure provenance schemes in terms of time and space requirements.
Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin E Transport in Hepatocytes

Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an essential plant lipid that scavenges free radicals in biological membranes, thereby preventing oxidative stress. In the liver, the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) facilitates the secretion of ingested α-tocopherol to the circulation for uptake by extra hepatic tissues. We aim to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate TTP activity in hepatocytes, and report here on our findings regarding intracellular trafficking of the protein and its ligands. In the absence of α-tocopherol, TTP localizes to lysosomal vesicles. After treatment with α-tocopherol, the protein redistributes to a diffuse cytosolic pattern, and this re-distribution is altered in TTP mutants that cause ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) in humans. Kinetic microscopy experiments show that upon binding α-tocopherol, TTP is transported to cell periphery by vesicles derived from recycling endosomes. The directionality of this vectorial transport of TTP to the plasma membrane id directed by inverse concentration gradients of α-tocopherol and PI(4,5)P2. These data allow us to develop a mechanistic model for TTP action, its modulation by physiological triggers, and the impact of disease-causing mutations in the protein.
Hilbert functions for two ideals

Let ( R, m ) denote a Noetherian, local ring R with maximal ideal m . Let I and J be ideals contained in m and assume I + J is m -primary. Then for all non-negative integers r and s , the R -module [ R /( I ′ + J s )] has finite length. We denote the length of this R -module by l R /( I ′ + J s )] = λ( r, s ). The function λ( r, s ) is called the Hilbert function of I and J . Let ℤ denote the integers and for p e ℤ, let ℤ[≥ p ] = { n e ℤ| n ≥ p }. In this paper, we prove the following theorem: Suppose for some non-negative integer p , there exist ordered pairs ( r 1 , s 1 ), …, ( r n , s n ) e ℤ[≥ p ] × ℤ[≥ p ] such that I ′ ∩ J s ⊆ [Σ i =1 n ( I r−r i J s− s i )( I r i ∩ J sus i )] + ( I r +1 + J s +1 ) for all r , s ≥ p . Then there exists a polynomial f ( x, y ) e of ℚ[ x, y ] (ℚ the rational numbers) such that λ( r, s ) = f ( r, s ) for all r, s ≫ 0. Furthermore, ∂ x ( f ) = dim( R/J ), ∂ y ( f ) = dim( R/I ), and ∂( f ) ≤ l( I ) + l( J ). Here ∂ x ( f )[∂ y ( f )] denotes the degree of f as a polynomial in x [ y ] and ∂( f ) denotes the total degree of f . dim( S ) is the Krull dimension of the ring S and l(U) is the analytical spread of the ideal U.
Melanoma genetic testing to promote reductions in tanning: Results from the Utah BRIGHT project.

1582Background: Predictive genetic testing for familial cancer may alert people to highly elevated risk prior to disease onset. Genetic test reporting has been shown to improve uptake of prophylact...
Promoting Mental Health Resource Use on Campus by "Trying Something New".

Purpose:To design and test a persuasive health promotion campaign that aligns with the qualities of trying something new for the first time. Given that a majority of students have not previously so...
Tracking wildlife with multiple UAVs: System design, safety and field experiments

We present a multi-UAV system capable of localizing radio tagged animals. Each UAV carries a Yagi antenna and is capable of obtaining bearing-measurements by using the directionality of the signal emitted from the tag. In this paper, we address the following question: given a set of measurement locations, should the UAVs move in coordination and obtain synchronized measurements, or should they move independently? For each scenario, we present a path planning algorithm. The algorithms are compared in simulations. We also present a complete system implementation with three UAVs and results from field experiments.
Insulin receptor based lymphocyte trafficking in the progression of type 1 diabetes

The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor which recognizes and binds the hormone insulin. We describe two models that were devised to explore the role of IR over-expression on T-lymphocytes and their chemotactic motility in the progression of type 1 diabetes. FVB/NJ-CD3-3×FLAG-mIR/MFM mice were generated to selectively over-express 3×FLAG tagged murine IR in T-lymphocytes via an engineered CD3 enhancer and promoter construct. Insertion of the 3×FLAG-mIR transgene into FVB/NJ mice, a known non-autoimmune prone strain, lead to a minor population of detectable 3×FLAG-mIR tagged T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the presence of a few lymphocytes in the pancreas of the Tg+/- compared to age matched Tg-/- control mice. In order to induce stronger murine IR over-expression then what was observed with the CD3 enhancer promoter construct, a second system utilizing the strong CAG viral promoter was generated. This system induces cell specific IR over-expression upon Cre-Lox recombination to afford functional 3×FLAG tagged murine IR with an internal eGFP reporter. The pPNTlox2-3×FLAG-mIR plasmid was constructed and validated in HEK-Cre-RFP cells to ensure selective Cre recombinase based 3×FLAG-mIR expression, receptor ligand affinity towards insulin, and functional initiation of signal transduction upon insulin stimulation.
Utilization and survival implications of a delayed approach to targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A nationwide cancer registry study.

586Background: Targeted therapy (TT) is the first-line option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) however, it is not curative and associated with a high-cost and adverse events. Preliminary ...
Tuberculosis prevention and care in Korea: Evolution of policy and practice

Tuberculosis (TB) in Korea remains a serious health problem with an estimated 77 per 100,000 incidence rate for 2016. This makes Korea as the only OECD country with high incidence of TB. The government has increased budgets and strengthened patient management policies since 2011. The management of latent tuberculosis was added to the response with strengthened and extensive contact investigations in the five-year tuberculosis control plan (2013-2017) and implementation was established in 2013. Due to these efforts Korea has achieved an average 5.2% reduction annually in tuberculosis incidence rate between 2011 and 2016. To further expedite the reduction of the TB burden the government has introduced additional measures including mandatory screening of latent tuberculosis infection for community workers in congregate settings including daycare centers for children, kindergarten, and teachers in schools and health care workers in clinics and hospitals to solve the problems identified through contact investigations in 2017. Providing high quality free diagnosis and treatment of active TB including for multidrug resistant TB combined with active contact investigations is the mainstay of the current programmatic response in Korea. However, the limitation of existing tools for LTBI pose challenge including absence of best mechanism for effective communication with professionals and the public, the need for at least 3 months of treatment and the risk of side effects. Developing effective tools will help to overcome these challenges.
A new low temperature device for high resolution, in situ measurement and control of submicron gaps

We have developed a device to investigate finite-size scaling of the thermal expansion coefficient in liquid helium near the lambda transition. Motivated by the need for a range of well known, uniform, sub-micron gaps with constant surface conditions, we have built a variable-gap parallel-plate capacitor that can be adjusted in situ. We measure the gap at three points using laser interferometry. A careful choice of the material and thickness of the reflecting surfaces results in asymmetric fringes, for which both exceptional sensitivity and a high contrast ratio can be achieved simultaneously. Both the gap size and its uniformity are actively controlled using voice coil actuators. This design has a number of additional benefits: the gap can be kept closed until low temperature use, data can be collected for all gaps with no thermal cycling, and no spacers are needed to establish the gap.
The Maternal Subject in the Budding Britsih Novel: Considering Daniel Defoe's Fiction

This article attempts to create a three-part structure in which it can situate its more particular discussion of maternal subjectivities in the work of Daniel Defoe. In the first part, it looks at the British novel’s relationship to the representation of human subjectivity. It discusses the connection to the nonfictional form of the autobiography as well as to ideologies of individualism. The article argues that representing maternal subjectivity in fiction poses a unique challenge to the British novel’s form: the healthy relationality of the maternal subject is suppressed generically, as narrative requires a dominant character through which to create meaning. The second part looks at Defoe’s three major novels— Robinson Crusoe , Moll Flanders , and Roxana —and how the prefaces instruct the reader about how to receive the scandalous stories about these mother figures. This overview highlights Defoe’s interest in writing the gendered “other” and his difficulty in depicting a subjective relationality in Roxana without novelistic tragedy and narrative collapse. The third part involves a deeper reading of Moll Flanders , in which moments of Moll’s maternal inclinations are read against the larger picture of her denial of maternal obligations. Moll’s is a damaged child’s subjectivity, one that still craves a mother’s care, approval, and affection. The narrative structure requires that she stake a rhetorical claim that excises the subjectivities of others from the story. In concluding, the article argues that it is valuable to read Defoe’s early experiments with the formation of the maternal subjectivity in fiction because they show a sensitive awareness of the factors that enable the composition and transmission of maternal narrative within the genre of the novel.
Physiological and Genomic Mechanisms of Social Organization in Wasps (Family: Vespidae)

Abstract The family Vespidae provides an excellent group for studying transitional steps associated with the evolution of social behaviour. The family contains species with a wide range of social behaviour, from solitary to highly eusocial, with variation both across and within social subfamilies related to the extent of differentiation of reproductive queen and non-reproductive worker castes. Here, we explore physiological and genomic mechanisms that influence the development of reproductive castes—in both larval and adult stages—and mechanisms that influence non-reproductive division of labour among workers. We synthesize what is known to begin to understand wasp social evolution from a mechanistic perspective. However, since most studies on mechanisms of social organization in wasps have focused on the model genus Polistes, we point out a need for more studies on solitary and advanced eusocial species. We emphasize that by filling these gaps, future comparative studies of these mechanisms will provide key insights into hypotheses underlying the evolution of sociality—such as solitary ground plan, novel genes, and genetic toolkit hypotheses.
TST Choice Properties Extruded Through Mediums of Construction

The Thriving Systems choice properties provide a lens through which the organizational and behavioral structure of an artefact can be examined and assessed. The properties reflect both objective (structural) and subjective (aesthetic) design characteristics. The objective characteristics reflect aspects of organization subject to counting and measurement while the subjective aspects attend to experiential, emotive, and (often tacit) affective human reactions. Each of the properties denotes an aspect of design with which to populate a lexicon of quality in the abstract to facilitate a reflective conversation. That conversation forms the narrative encompassing artefact conception, communication, and evaluation to engage the designing community. This chapter attempts to define, or at least describe, each of the fifteen properties by example by casting them each, individually, in various design spaces or construction paradigms.
Interpretation of core biopsy of liver mass lesions: A comparison study between cytopathologist and gastrointestinal pathologist.

Abstract Context Core biopsy (CB) is a main tool for diagnosis of liver mass lesions. When CB is performed with fine needle aspiration (FNA), the CB may be interpreted by a cytopathologist or gastrointestinal pathologist. Objective This study compares interpretation of liver mass biopsy between cytopathologist and gastrointestinal pathologist in the era of subspecialty practice. Design 349 liver mass lesions with FNA and CB performed during a 5-year period were retrieved. All cases were initially interpreted by a cytopathologist and retrospectively reviewed by a gastrointestinal pathologist. Results The overall agreement was 95.1% (332/349 cases). There was agreement on 57/65 non-neoplastic cases (87.7%) with 8 (12.3%) discordant cases including 4 steatosis (steatohepatitis missed in 3 cases, 1 re-interpreted as focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH]); 3 inflammation (1 necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, 1 massive necrosis instead of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, and 1 hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] was missed); and 1 initially deemed normal re-interpreted as FNH. There was agreement on 275/284 neoplastic cases (96.8%), with 9 (3.2%) discordant cases including: 2 initially interpreted as HCC (1 metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma); 3 adenocarcinomas (2 further defined as prostatic primary, 1 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor [WDNET]); 2 metastatic carcinomas (1 tumor-induced fibrosis instead of cirrhosis, 1 LCNEC re-interpreted as WDNET); 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma (re-interpreted as LCNEC); and 1 sarcomatoid carcinoma (re-interpreted as leiomyosarcoma). Conclusion Cytopathologist and gastrointestinal pathologist are highly concordant in the interpretation of neoplastic liver mass CB. Consultation may improve accuracy in certain non-neoplastic biopsies and neuroendocrine neoplasms.
In Vivo Developmental Trajectories of Human Podocyte Inform In Vitro Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Podocytes

Summary The renal corpuscle of the kidney comprises a glomerular vasculature embraced by podocytes and supported by mesangial myofibroblasts, which ensure plasma filtration at the podocyte-generated slit diaphragm. With a spectrum of podocyte-expressed gene mutations causing chronic disease, an enhanced understanding of podocyte development and function to create relevant in vitro podocyte models is a clinical imperative. To characterize podocyte development, scRNA-seq was performed on human fetal kidneys, identifying distinct transcriptional signatures accompanying the differentiation of functional podocytes from progenitors. Interestingly, organoid-generated podocytes exhibited highly similar, progressive transcriptional profiles despite an absence of the vasculature, although abnormal gene expression was pinpointed in late podocytes. On transplantation into mice, organoid-derived podocytes recruited the host vasculature and partially corrected transcriptional profiles. Thus, human podocyte development is mostly intrinsically regulated and vascular interactions refine maturation. These studies support the application of organoid-derived podocytes to model disease and to restore or replace normal kidney functions.
Functional muscle hypertrophy by increased insulin‐like growth factor 1 does not require dysferlin

Author(s): Barton, Elisabeth R; Pham, Jennifer; Brisson, Becky K; Park, SooHyun; Smith, Lucas R; Liu, Min; Tian, Zuozhen; Hammers, David W; Vassilakos, Georgios; Sweeney, H Lee | Abstract: IntroductionDysferlin loss-of-function mutations cause muscular dystrophy, accompanied by impaired membrane repair and muscle weakness. Growth promoting strategies including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) could provide benefit but may cause strength loss or be ineffective. The objective of this study was to determine whether locally increased IGF-1 promotes functional muscle hypertrophy in dysferlin-null (Dysf-/- ) mice.MethodsMuscle-specific transgenic expression and postnatal viral delivery of Igf1 were used in Dysf-/- and control mice. Increased IGF-1 levels were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testing for skeletal muscle mass and function was performed in male and female mice.ResultsMuscle hypertrophy occurred in response to increased IGF-1 in mice with and without dysferlin. Male mice showed a more robust response compared with females. Increased IGF-1 did not cause loss of force per cross-sectional area in Dysf-/- muscles.DiscussionWe conclude that increased local IGF-1 promotes functional hypertrophy when dysferlin is absent and reestablishes IGF-1 as a potential therapeutic for dysferlinopathies.
Vertically integrated high voltage Zn-Air batteries enabled by stacked multilayer electrodeposition

Abstract We report a scheme for the integrated fabrication of MEMS-scale, series-connected battery cells. The approach exploits multilayer electrodeposition of active and sacrificial layers to generate structures that can be formed into high voltage power sources. Aqueous, non-vacuum-based fabrication, via electrodeposition, enables high throughput and deterministic control of layer thicknesses and battery performance. Batteries manufactured using this technique offer the potential to match supply voltages to system needs, ranging from conventional electronics to direct drive of high voltage electrostatic or piezoelectric MEMS.
Possible mitigation of tokamak plasma–surface interactions using thermionic divertor plates with inverse sheaths

Recent studies demonstrate that when a plasma-facing surface emits a sufficient flux of electrons, it will form an inverse sheath. Here, we consider a possibility of using thermionic target plates with inverse sheaths as an innovative divertor operating scenario. We derive an electron heat flux boundary condition for inverse sheaths and show that for given power exhaust into a tokamak scrape-off-layer, an inverse sheath leads to a much lower target plasma electron temperature than a conventional sheath. Low enough target plasma temperatures for radiative divertor detachment could therefore be achieved using inverse sheaths instead of the usual need to inject neutral atoms that compromise the core plasma. Other advantages of inverse sheath detachment over conventional sheath operating scenarios include (a) ion impact energies are as low as possible, minimizing sputtering and tritium implantation, (b) surface recombination heat flux is reduced due to ion flux reduction, and (c) arcs are inhibited due to the sign of the surface electric field. This paper outlines the basic properties of inverse sheath detachment and considers the feasibility of implementation. We offer recommendations for future modeling efforts needed to better understand the effects of thermionic emission in tokamaks and whether inverse sheaths present a viable divertor solution.
The Use of Humor in Psychotherapy: Views of Practicing Psychotherapists

Clinicians hold diverse views about the appropriateness and effectiveness of introducing humor into the process of psychotherapy. The goal of this qualitative phenomenological study was to expand r...