cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to intravenous potassium chloride supplementation in pediatric cardiac intensive care patients.

Potassium chloride (KCl) supplementation is common among critically ill children. Intravenous (IV) KCl supplementation for pediatric patients is poorly characterized. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of IV KCL and to determine factors affecting patient responses to IV KCL in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). A retrospective review of 211 children (794 KCl doses) undergoing cardiac surgery or a hospital stay for heart failure in the CICU of a tertiary care teaching and referral children’s hospital in 2011 was performed. Demographic data, weight, height, creatinine, and concomitant medications during each KCl dose were recorded and analyzed. Body surface area (BSA), creatinine clearance, and change in [K+] were calculated. The median age of the children was 4 months (range, 10 days–18 years). In this study, 151 KCl doses were administered to neonates (19 %), 307 doses (39 %) to females, and 510 doses (64 %) to patients with a BSA smaller than 0.33 m2 (a group with relative renal insufficiency). The mean KCl dose was 0.97 ± 0.006 mEq/kg. No adverse events were associated with IV KCl administration. Blood/plasma [K+] increased 0.8 ± 0.02 mEq/L. The responses to KCl did not differ significantly between males and females, between neonates and children, or between patients with a BSA smaller than 0.33 m2 and those with a BSA of 0.33 m2 or larger. The responses to IV KCl were attenuated by concomitant furosemide (p = 0.01), amphotericin B (p < 0.01), and KCl in parenteral nutrition (p < 0.01). The responses were augmented by concomitant enalapril (p = 0.03), ethacrynic acid (p < 0.001), and hemodialysis (p < 0.01). Intravenous KCl can be administered safely for CICU patients. Responses to KCl are altered when it is given with certain medications. Intravenous KCl should be used cautiously in children receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Future studies are needed for further characterization of factors affecting responses to IV KCl in children.
The effect of frozen storage on serum insulin-like activity.

Abstract Storage of serum at −20 C. is associated with an increase of its insulin-like activity in as short a period as 3 weeks. Separated serum proteins also show an increase under similar conditions. This is of practical importance for workers who make such measurements. The possibility that these observations result from alterations in a serum insulin moiety is discussed.
Measurement-based modeling for data centers

We present a heat transfer model for data centers where realtime measurement data is used to reduce the complexity in the specifications of the model. As this modeling approach obtains its input directly from real-time measurements (in the form of boundary data), it is suitable for operational and real-time usage. Although the model is simpler than those based on the use of the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow, numerical experiments suggest that it can nevertheless provide useful information for use in data center energy management.
Review of wideband hybrid amplifiers

The configurations and characteristics of several types of wideband hybrid amplifiers are presented. Each of the amplifiers consists of an EDFA and a Raman amplifier (distributed or discrete type) and yields low noise in WDM systems.
Vapor synthesis of high-activity catalysts for olefin polymerization

Vaporization of MgCl2 and other metal halides results in monomeric gas-phase species. Cocondensation of these species with organic diluents such as heptane yields highly activated solids which are precursors to MgCl2 supported “high-mileage” catalysts for olefin polymerization. These catalysts, prepared by treatment with TiCl4 followed by standard activation with aluminum alkyls display high activity for ethylene and propylene polymerization. MgCl2 can also be evaporated into neat TiCl4 to give a related catalyst. The concentration of MgCl2 in the diluent affects catalyst properties as does the nature of the diluent. TiCl3, 3TiCl3 · AlCl3, VCl3 and other metal halides are subject to similar activation.
Can earnings decline cause a retirement flight of physicians? Financial compensation and the decision to stay in practice.

The authors analyze the historical correlation between annual change in the population of inactive physicians and annual change in the real net income earned by the average physician per hour of patient care. For a sample of nine census divisions across 8 years (1986-1989 and 1994-1997), two regression models conclude with 99% confidence that a fall in net income increases the outflow of physicians from active practice. Regression coefficients estimate that a $1.00 fall in hourly net income increases the population of inactive physicians by 1.46 percent after a 2-year period. Based on 1999 population data, the authors project that an earnings decline of $10.00 per patient care hour motivates 11,000 physicians to retire early. With projections of between 50,000 and 150,000 excess practitioners in the U.S. health care system, the analysis suggests that deterioration in financial compensation can erase part but not all of a physician surplus through early retirement.
Epigenetic GABAergic Targets in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

It is becoming increasingly clear that a dysfunction of the GABAergic/glutamatergic network in telencephalic brain structures may be the pathogenetic mechanism underlying psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BP) disorder patients. Data obtained in Costa's laboratory (1996-2009) suggest that this dysfunction may be mediated primarily by a downregulation in the expression of GABAergic genes (e.g., glutamic acid decarboxylase₆₇[GAD₆₇] and reelin) associated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-dependent hypermethylation of their promoters. A pharmacological strategy to reduce the hypermethylation of GABAergic promoters is to administer drugs, such as the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproate (VPA), that induce DNA-demethylation when administered at doses that facilitate chromatin remodeling. The benefits elicited by combining VPA with antipsychotics in the treatment of BP disorder suggest that an investigation of the epigenetic interaction of these drugs is warranted. Our studies in mice suggest that when associated with VPA, clinically relevant doses of clozapine elicit a synergistic potentiation of VPA-induced GABAergic promoter demethylation. Olanzapine and quetiapine (two clozapine congeners) also facilitate chromatin remodeling but at doses higher than used clinically, whereas haloperidol and risperidone are inactive. Hence, the synergistic potentiation of VPA's action on chromatin remodeling by clozapine appears to be a unique property of the dibenzepines and is independent of their action on catecholamine or serotonin receptors. By activating DNA-demethylation, the association of clozapine or its derivatives with VPA or other more potent and selective HDAC inhibitors may be considered a promising treatment strategy for normalizing GABAergic promoter hypermethylation and the GABAergic gene expression downregulation detected in the postmortem brain of SZ and BP disorder patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Trends in neuropharmacology: in memory of Erminio Costa'.
Debugging temporal specifications with concept analysis

Program verification tools (such as model checkers and static analyzers) can find many errors in programs. These tools need formal specifications of correct program behavior, but writing a correct specification is difficult, just as writing a correct program is difficult. Thus, just as we need methods for debugging programs, we need methods for debugging specifications.This paper describes a novel method for debugging formal, temporal specifications. Our method exploits the short program execution traces that program verification tools generate from specification violations and that specification miners extract from programs. Manually examining these traces is a straightforward way to debug a specification, but this method is tedious and error-prone because there may be hundreds or thousands of traces to inspect. Our method uses concept analysis to automatically group the traces into highly similar clusters. By examining clusters instead of individual traces, a person can debug a specification with less work.To test our method, we implemented a tool, Cable, for debugging specifications. We have used Cable to debug specifications produced by Strauss, our specification miner. We found that using Cable to debug these specifications requires, on average, less than one third as many user decisions as debugging by examining all traces requires. In one case, using Cable required only 28 decisions, while debugging by examining all traces required 224.
Effect of pH changes on water release values in hydrophobic interaction chromatographic systems.

The effect on pH on protein binding in HIC systems was investigated. Isocratic experiments were carried out to determine the capacity factors of various proteins as a function of temperature, pH and salt type. This paper presents a framework based on the Maxwell linkage function for estimating the number of released water molecules during the adsorption/desorption process due to a change of buffer pH. This approach also enables one to predict the effect of pH change on the water released values upon binding at any temperature condition. The results indicate that the total number of released water molecules ( �ν ) for a pH change increased more on aromatic surfaces (phenyl Sepharose) than on aliphatic resins (butyl Sepharose). The results also indicate that the total number of released water molecules ( �ν ) for a pH change increased with salt concentration and when changing from chaotropic to kosmotropic salts. The (�ν ) values also increased as the buffer pH approached the protein’s pI, and decreased away from its pI. This work helps to establish a framework for the investigation of pH effects on protein selectivity in HIC systems. © 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Wave packet incident on negative-index media

This paper presents a study of the refraction and reflection of a wave packet in time and space at the plane boundary between free space and a negative index medium (NIM). We derive an analytic asymptotic expression that shows negative refraction at the angle predicted by the negative index evaluated at the center frequency with a speed of propagation in the NIM equal to the group velocity. Then we present numerical calculations of exact solutions that verify the asymptotic theory. Finally we present numerical calculations for cases with incidence beyond the critical angle. Here we find phenomena identified as backward lateral waves and a negative Goos-Hanchen shift.
Do four eyes see better than two? Collaborative versus individual discovery in data visualization systems

We present an empirical study investigating collaborative and individual decision-making about data using two different information visualization systems. Based on previous research, one system is considered more transparent than the other in terms of visual representation and functionality. We found that people who worked in groups were more correct in their answers for objective questions, based on searching a large dataset. These results held for the more transparent system, but not the less transparent system. In a second task, groups were more accurate in their results for a free data discovery task. Again, these results held for the more transparent system only. Subjects using this system also produced results that were higher in complexity but judged lower in importance. Groups and individuals did not differ. We suggest that given the right visualization system, groups do better than individuals in finding more accurate results, but not necessarily increased or more meaningful results.
Network-based simple recursive answer evaluation for deductive databases in parallel environment

Because of increasing needs and requirements for the use of databases, one always looks for more efficient ways to handle database access. Parallel computing environments draw more attention to achieve the high processing speed and the less expensive processing method. This paper proposes the possibility of using a connectionist model by treating every datum as an active processing unit cooperating with other such units via messages in getting answers in a deductive database, especially with recursion. It uses query compilation and iteration to process the recursive case. The notion of the reverse-compilation which is essential to get the correct answers is introduced in handling recursive cases. It introduces the recursive controller which is dedicated to processing the recursive cases as a sublayer to a central database controller. >
In vitro Propagation of Mentha viridis L. from Nodal and Shoot tip Explants

A simple micropropagation method from nodal and shoot tip explants is reported here for Mentha viridis, an economically important medicinal plant. High frequency of microshoots was obtained from these two explants on MS supplemented with various concentrations of BAP (1.0 - 4.0 mg/l) and Kn (1.0 -4.0 mg/l). Maximum number of shoots was obtained from nodal explants in the medium containing 3.0 mg/l BAP. The root induction was carried out by using IBA and IAA (0.5 - 2.0 mg/l). Among these, high frequency of root proliferation was achieved in the medium containing 1.5 mg/l of IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to the field. The survival rate was 90 - 95% after 25 days. Key words: Micropropagation, Mentha viridis, Node, Shoot tip, Multiple shoots D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3243 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18 (1): 1-6, 2008 (June)
Unapparent Information Revelation: Text Mining for Counterterrorism

Unapparent information revelation (UIR) is a special case of text mining that focuses on detecting possible links between concepts across multiple text documents by generating an evidence trail explaining the connection. A traditional search involving, for example, two or more person names will attempt to find documents mentioning both these individuals. This research focuses on a different interpretation of such a query: what is the best evidence trail across documents that explains a connection between these individuals? For example, all may be good golfers. A generalization of this task involves query terms representing general concepts (e.g. indictment, foreign policy). Previous approaches to this problem have focused on graph mining involving hyperlinked documents, and link analysis exploiting named entities. A new robust framework is presented, based on (i) generating concept chain graphs, a hybrid content representation, (ii) performing graph matching to select candidate subgraphs, and (iii) subsequently using graphical models to validate hypotheses using ranked evidence trails. We adapt the DUC data set for cross-document summarization to evaluate evidence trails generated by this approach
Capacity estimation and TCP performance enhancement over mobile WiMAX networks

The mobile WiMax system is based on IEEE 802.16e, which defines radio interface supporting several classes of Internet Protocol applications and services. While the mobile WiMax system is being deployed, IEEE 802.16m TG is developing an amendment to the IEEE 802.16e to greatly improve the system performance, and it is focusing not only on the PHY and MAC performance but also on a level of end-to-end performance improvement that includes the scope of the network and application to embrace the strong market request and interest. To evaluate the mobile WiMax system capacity and performance, all the aspects of performance evaluation - from air link to application - are required. For the network and application-level capacity and performance analysis, we first provide an overview of mobile WiMAX systems, especially of the OFDMA/TDD systems of IEEE 802.16e and then describe subscriber and application profiles that include traffic-mix ratio, data-session attempts for applications, diurnal-application traffic distribution, and the application-traffic model. Afterward, the simulation results of network- traffic characteristics and demand estimation are provided. Finally, in the last section, we provide simulation results of end-to-end application performance evaluation using the examples of VoIP and a TCP/IP performance-enhancement method that can be implemented in the mobile WiMAX MAC or MAC/IP cross layer.
Strengths of character and well-being: A closer look at hope and modesty

Abstract We took a closer look at the link between character strengths and well-being by following up on suggestions by Snyder (this issue) and Harvey and Pauwels (this issue). We explored the simultaneous association between 24 strengths of character and life satisfaction and found that a number of different strengths independently predicted life satisfaction. Hope was among the important predictors, as Snyder proposed, but it was no more robust a predictor than the character strengths of gratitude, love, and zest. We also found that trauma moderated the association between modesty and well-being, as Harvey and Pauwels hypothesized. With increasing trauma, the correlation between modesty and enthusiasm about life increased in magnitude. These new analyses further our comparative investigation of character strengths and imply that there are different routes to a satisfied life.
Query by image content using multiple objects and multiple features: user interface issues

On-line collections of images are growing larger and more common, and tools are needed to efficiently manage, organize, and navigate through them. The authors have developed a prototype system called QBIC which allows complex multi-object and multi-feature queries of large image databases. The queries are based on image content-the colors, textures, shapes, and positions of images and the objects/regions they contain. The system computes numeric features to represent the image properties and uses similarity measures based on these features for image retrieval. The focus of the paper is its user interface which allows a user to graphically pose and refine queries based on multiple visual properties of images and their objects. >
Consistency of partitionable object groups in a CORBA framework

The Eternal system provides a novel methodology for the consistent replication of objects in an adaptive, fault-tolerant, CORBA-compliant distributed system that is susceptible to partitioning. Passive and active replication schemes are supported in Eternal, and mechanisms are provided for the interaction of objects with different replication schemes. Nested operations for both passive and active objects are accommodated. Suppression of duplicate operations is ensured by unique message and operation identifiers. Continued operation is allowed in all components of a partitioned system. State transfer mechanisms and fulfillment operations restore the consistency of the states of replicas within the components of a partitioned system when communication is reestablished and the components remerge.
Dataflow computation with intelligent memories emulated on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)

Abstract This paper presents a new design that implements the data-driven (i.e. dataflow) computation paradigm with intelligent memories. Also, a relevant prototype that employs FPGAs is presented for the support of intelligent memory structures. Instead of giving the CPU the privileged right to decide what instructions to fetch in each cycle (as is the case for control-flow CPUs), instructions in dataflow computers enter the execution unit on their own when they are ready to execute. This way, the application-knowledgeable algorithm, rather than the application-ignorant CPU, is in control. This approach could eventually result in outstanding performance and elimination of large numbers of redundant operations that plague current control-flow designs. Control-flow and dataflow machines are two extreme computation paradigms. In their pure form, the former machines follow an inherently sequential execution process while the latter are parallel in nature. The sequential nature of control-flow machines makes them relatively easy to implement compared to dataflow machines, which have to address a number of issues that are easily solved in the realm of the control-flow paradigm. Our dataflow design solves these issues at the intelligent memory level, separating the processor from dataflow maintenance tasks. It is shown that using intelligent memories with basic components similar to those of FPGAs produces a feasible approach. Expected improvements within the next few years in underlying intelligent memory and FPGA technologies will have the potential to make the effect of our approach even more dramatic.
The N-terminus of vaccinia virus host range protein C7L is essential for function

Vaccinia virus (VACV), a member of the Poxviridae family of large double-stranded DNA viruses, is being used as a smallpox vaccine as well as an expression vector for immunization against other infectious diseases and cancer. The host range of wild type VACV is very broad among mammalian cells. C7L is a host range gene identified in VACV and is well conserved in mammalian poxviruses except for parapoxviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus. The molecular mechanisms by which the C7L gene exerts host range function are not well understood. The C7L protein does not have any known conserved domains or show sequence similarity to cellular proteins or viral proteins other than the C7L homologs in mammalian poxviruses. We generated recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying deletion mutants of the C7L gene using NYVAC as a parental strain and found that the N-terminus is essential for host range function of C7L, which is consistent with a previous report that showed that homology among C7L homologs are greater near the N-terminus than the C-terminus.
Exploitation of Data in Memory in the FIDAP Code on the IBM ES/3090

The IBM ESA/370 architecture incorporates unique features that are of benefit in numerical intensive applications. One of these features, as implemented in the MVS/ESA operating system, is the hiperspace, an extension to the addressing scheme available on the base System/370-XA, that allows indirect access to Expanded Storage. Access to hiperspaces has been implemented through usage of the Data Window Services library of MVS/ESA.
ASHTAR: Palestinian theatre for social change

‘We are theatre makers who look at theatre as a process of life, a medium, a tool, a think-tank, that empowers the individual to live in a community', says Ashtar's artistic director, Iman Aoun. Th...
Evaluation of Facial Volume Changes after Rejuvenation Surgery Using a 3-Dimensional Camera

Background Surgical rejuvenation alters facial volume distribution to achieve more youthful aesthetic contours. These changes are routinely compared subjectively. The introduction of 3-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry provides a novel method for measuring and comparing surgical results. Objectives We sought to quantify how specific facial areas are changed after rejuvenation surgery using the 3D camera. Methods Patients undergoing facial rejuvenation were imaged preoperatively and postoperatively with 3D stereophotogrammetry. Images were registered using facial surface landmarks unaltered by surgery. Colorimetric 3D analysis depicting postoperative volume changes was performed utilizing the 3D imaging software and quantitative volume measurements were constructed. Results Nine patients who underwent combined facelift procedures and fat grafting were evaluated. Median time for postoperative imaging was 4.8 months. Positive changes in facial volume occurred in the forehead, temples, and cheeks (median changes, 0.9 mL ± 4.3 SD; 0.8 mL ± 0.47 SD; and 1.4 mL ± 1.6 SD, respectively). Negative changes in volume occurred in the nasolabial folds, marionette basins, and neck/submental regions (median changes, −1.0 mL ± 0.37 SD; −0.4 mL ± 0.9 SD; and −2.0 mL ± 4.3 SD, respectively). Conclusions The technique of 3D stereophotogrammetry provides a tool for quantifying facial volume distribution after rejuvenation procedures. Areas of consistent volume increase include the forehead, temples, and cheeks; areas of negative volume change occur in the nasolabial folds, marionette basins, and submental/chin regions. This technology may be utilized to better understand the dynamic changes that occur with facial rejuvenation and quantify longevity of various rejuvenation techniques. Level of Evidence 4![Graphic][1] Diagnostic [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Forum Introduction: 2009 Pacific Rim Conference, Disability Studies Strand

We are pleased to present a forum comprised of four of the papers presented at the 2 nd Disability Studies Strand of the Annual Pacific Rim Conference on Disability held in May, 2009, in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. This year’s conference will be held April 12-13 and we are excited to see the Disability Studies Strand grow and develop with every year.
Financial Education is not Enough: Millennials May Need Financial Capability to Demonstrate Healthier Financial Behaviors

Financial education sans opportunities for hands-on experience and knowledge operationalization may be insufficient for promoting healthy financial behaviors. Financial capability combines financial education with financial inclusion via a savings account, thereby giving an opportunity translate knowledge into practice. This study used data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study to examine relationships between the financial capability and financial behaviors of United States Millennials (N = 6865). Compared to their financially excluded peers, Millennials who were financially capable were 176 % more likely to afford unexpected expenses, 224 % more likely to save for emergencies, 21 % less likely to use alternative financial services, and 30 % less likely to carry burdensome debt. Interventions that focus solely on financial education or inclusion may be insufficient for facilitating Millennials’ healthy financial behaviors; interventions should instead develop financial capability.
Controlling the growth morphology and phase segregation of Mn-doped Ga 2 Se 3 on Si(001)

The growth and phase segregation properties of the potential dilute magnetic semiconductor alloy (MnSe)${}_{x}$(Ga${}_{2/3}$Se)${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ are studied as a function of thickness, Mn concentration, postgrowth annealing, and the presence or absence of undoped Ga${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ buffer and capping layers. This system is an unusual case in heteroepitaxy where two-phase $\mathrm{MnSe}+{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ has better lattice matching than the (MnSe)${}_{x}$(Ga${}_{2/3}$Se)${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ alloy. Despite this peculiarity, this system shows a modified form of Stranski-Krastonow growth: laminar films are observed up to a certain $x$-dependent critical thickness, above which islands are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. The island morphology depends on the presence or absence of an undoped Ga${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ buffer layer and postgrowth annealing. A kinetically stabilized platelet morphology is observed at the crossover point between laminar and islanded films. Based on Mn and Se $K$-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, there are two types of Mn in islanded films: Mn that remains doped in the Ga${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ but oxidizes upon exposure to air, and Mn that participates in the islands, which are precipitates of the MnSe phase. Consistent with MnO or MnSe, $L$-edge x-ray absorption on air-exposed films suggests the Mn is in the formal $+$2 oxidation state. No $L$-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal is observed at 20 K, which may be due to surface effects or to a lack of magnetic order.
Concerns and professional development needs of faculty at King Abdul-Aziz University in Saudi Arabia in adopting online teaching

The purpose of this study was to investigate concerns regarding the adoption of online teaching as expressed by faculty and instructors in six departments in the College of Arts and Humanities at King Abdulaziz University. Additionally, it investigated faculty professional development needs in adopting online teaching. The data in this study were obtained from 147 faculty members (response rate 63.9%). A non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design was used, incorporating the Stages of Concern Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using quantitative measures (descriptive data analysis and inferential analysis). This study utilized the Concerns Based Adoption Model as its theoretical framework. King Abdulaziz University faculty Stages of Concerns findings showed a mean score percentile of 87% of them as Unconcerned. The Informational stage showed a mean score percentile of 72%, and the Personal stage was the third highest with a mean score percentile of 70%. Refocusing, Collaboration, and Management were the fourth, fifth, and sixth highest stages of concern. The Consequence stage was the lowest stage of concern. The Stages of Concern Questionnaire had concerns that were generally aligned to nonusers or users who sometimes implement parts of online teaching. The data analysis regarding the participants’ personal characteristics indicated that their concerns in adopting online teaching were not influenced by their age, country of graduation, or years of teaching experience. A statistically significant difference was found in the participant concerns in adopting online teaching by gender, p<.05. The significance differences were found in stage one (Informational) (p<.05), stage two (Personal) (p<.01), and stage six (Refocusing) (p<.001). Likewise, the data analysis regarding the participants’ contextual characteristics indicated that their concerns in adopting online teaching were not influenced by their department or academic rank. A statistically significant difference was found in the participants’ concerns in adopting online teaching based on administrative support, p<.05. The significances were found in stages zero (Unconcerned) (p<.05) and three (Management) (p<.01). The data analysis regarding the technographic characteristics also indicated a statistically significant influence of participants' prior instructional technology use and technology-related professional development on their use of technology in teaching. The significance values were .000, .006, .009, and .030. The study concludes with recommendations for King Abdulaziz University regarding faculty adoption of online teaching and recommendations for future studies focused on professional development programs and the adoption of online teaching in King Abdulaziz University as well as in other Saudi universities.
The AIDS epidemic. Past and future.

Now at the end of its second decade, the AIDS epidemic is a major world crisis affecting the health and psychologic well being of tens of millions of individuals. In the developed world, treatment of pregnant women with antiretroviral therapy has lead to dramatic decreases in children being infected, but in the developing world, such treatment is yet to become a reality. Although the number of children orphaned by this disease is already very high in some areas, as the epidemic ages and more people die, this will become a problem of unprecedented magnitude. Of particular concern is the increasing rate of infection among young people below the age of 25 that now account for one-half of all new infections.
Distress tolerance among substance users is associated with functional connectivity between prefrontal regions during a distress tolerance task.

Distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to persist in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress, is implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. While theory and evidence indicate that cortico-limbic neural dysfunction may account for deficits in goal directed behavior while experiencing distress, the neurobiological mechanisms of DT have yet to be examined. We modified a computerized DT task for use in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT-M), and examined the neural correlates and functional connectivity of DT among a cohort of substance users (n = 21; regular cocaine and nicotine users) and healthy controls (n = 25). In response to distress during the PASAT-M, we found greater activation in a priori cortico-limbic network ROIs, namely the right insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MFG), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) significantly predicted higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. In addition, greater task-specific functional connectivity during distress between the right MFG and bilateral vmPFC/sgACC was associated with higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. The observed positive relationship between DT and neural activation in cortico-limbic structures, as well as functional connectivity between the rMFG and vmPFC/sgACC, is in line with theory and research suggesting the importance of these structures for persisting in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress.
Day-Old Newborn With Abdominal Distension

A 1-day-old newborn presents with abdominal distension (Figure 1). Figure 1. The infant was active and feeding well initially. At 6 hours after birth, the infant developed abdominal distension and had two episodes of projectile vomiting. The vomitus was nonbilious and non–blood stained. He was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for further evaluation. ### Vital Signs ### Physical Examination
3D mask effects of absorber geometry in EUV lithography systems

The non-zero chief ray angle at the object (CRAO) in EUVL systems introduces azimuthally asymmetric phase shifts. Understanding and characterizing these effects is critical to EUVL system and mask design. The effects of 3D mask absorber geometry on diffraction phase were examined through rigorous simulation. The diffraction phase distribution was split into even and odd components to enable analogies between the well-known effects of lens aberrations and EUV 3D mask effects. Specifically, this analysis reveals that the odd component of the phase distribution is non-zero in off-axis optical systems. We have found that 3D mask effects in EUVL systems can be partially compensated in the pupil plane to minimize aerial image effects, such as best focus shifts, horizontal-vertical CD bias, and image placement error.
Production and purification of high-titer foamy virus vector for the treatment of leukocyte adhesion deficiency.

Compared to other integrating viral vectors, foamy virus (FV) vectors have distinct advantages as a gene transfer tool, including their nonpathogenicity, the ability to carry larger transgene cassettes, and increased stability of virus particles due to DNA genome formation within the virions. Proof of principle of its therapeutic utility was provided with the correction of canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency using autologous CD34 + cells transduced with FV vector carrying the canine CD18 gene, demonstrating its long-term safety and efficacy. However, infectious titers of FV-human(h)CD18 were low and not suitable for manufacturing of clinical-grade product. Herein, we developed a scalable production and purification process that resulted in 60-fold higher FV-hCD18 titers from ∼1.7 × 10 4 to 1.0 × 10 6 infectious units (IU)/ml. Process development improvements included use of polyethylenimine-based transfection, use of a codon-optimized gag , heparin affinity chromatography, tangential flow filtration, and ultracentrifugation, which reproducibly resulted in 5,000-fold concentrated and purified virus, an overall yield of 19 ± 3%, and final titers of 1–2 × 10 9 IU/ml. Highly concentrated vector allowed reduction of final dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration, thereby avoiding DMSO-induced toxicity to CD34 + cells while maintaining high transduction efficiencies. This process development results in clinically relevant, high titer FV which can be scaled up for clinical grade production.
Prophylaxis against Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex with Weekly Azithromycin, Daily Rifabutin, or Both

Background Azithromycin is active in treating Mycobacterium avium complex disease, but it has not been evaluated as primary prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because the drug is concentrated in macrophages and has a long half-life in tissue, there is a rationale for once-weekly dosing. Methods We compared three prophylactic regimens in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial involving 693 HIV-infected patients with fewer than 100 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. The patients were assigned to receive rifabutin (300 mg daily), azithromycin (1200 mg weekly), or both drugs. They were monitored monthly with blood cultures for M. avium complex. Results In an intention-to-treat analysis, the incidence of disseminated M. avium complex infection at one year was 15.3 percent with rifabutin, 7.6 percent with azithromycin, and 2.8 percent with both drugs. The risk of the infection in the azithromycin group was half that in the rifabutin group (hazard ratio, 0.53; P = 0.00...
Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a specific cell-surface marker for isolating hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro, but differentiation protocols commonly give rise to a heterogeneous mixture of cells. This variability confounds the evaluation of in vitro functional assays performed using HLCs. Increased differentiation efficiency and more accurate approximation of the in vivo hepatocyte gene expression profile would improve the utility of hPSCs. Towards this goal, we demonstrate the purification of a subpopulation of functional HLCs using the hepatocyte surface marker asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1). We analyzed the expression profile of ASGR1-positive cells by microarray, and tested their ability to perform mature hepatocyte functions (albumin and urea secretion, cytochrome activity). By these measures, ASGR1-positive HLCs are enriched for the gene expression profile and functional characteristics of primary hepatocytes compared with unsorted HLCs. We have demonstrated that ASGR1-positive sorting isolates a functional subpopulation of HLCs from among the heterogeneous cellular population produced by directed differentiation.
Ovarian teratomas: Relationship of histologic and ontogenic factors to prognosis

Abstract Ninety-seven cases of ovarian teratoma, exclusive of the struma ovarii, dermoid cysts, and special malignancies composed of only one element, from the files of the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry of the American Gynecological Society have been reviewed. Prognosis has been correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumor elements, since the usual criteria for malignancy are not applicable in most of these lesions. Approximately 75 per cent of the patients were under the age of 26 years. Rapid growth and poor salvage rates were noted in the patients with embryonal teratomas. Tumors in patients over the age of 30 years contained more mature tissue. Irradiation, in a small group, seemed to be ineffective as an adjunctive therapy, except in those lesions made up largely of dysgerminoma. Generally, chemotherapy has been felt to be valueless in these lesions, but “triple therapy” seems to have modified the growth patterns in 2 patients and needs further study.
Efficient Frequency Doubling of a Diode-Pumped 946-nm Nd:YAG Laser

We report on the generation of 9 mW of blue 473-nm radiation by intracavity frequency doubling of a diode-laser-pumped 946-nm Nd: YAG laser. Potassium niobate was used for second-harmonic generation at room temperature. Optimization of the length of the Nd: YAG laser crystal lead to substantial improvement of the blue output over previous results.
Neoliberalism’s Market Morality and Heteroflexibility: Protectionist and Free Market Discourses in Debates for Legal Prostitution

In August of 1999, not too long before narratives of sex trafficking began to dominate prostitution policy debates, the residents of a small town in Nevada debated closing the city’s legal brothels. Citizens crowded the hearing hall, holding signs about protecting family and community values. But instead of opposing prostitution, as one might have expected, most public commenters echoed a sign that read, “Pro Family, Pro Prostitution.” Drawing on an analysis of the testimony of the 51 citizens in attendance at that public hearing and ethnographic data gathered in four visits to Evenheart over a 1-year period, this paper examines the arguments that framed support for, and opposition to, legal prostitution at this critical historic juncture. The research finds important differences in the ways particular neoliberal discourses can be deployed to the wide range of sexual, gender, and relationship values that constitute heterosexuality. Both supporters and opponents drew on market logics—defined for purposes of this paper as a neoliberal individualism and economic rationality of free trade, scarcity, competition, and self-regulation—as well as on discourses of morality and the family, but each side used them in strikingly different ways. Brothel supporters drew on market logics to defend and support individualized family values and a market-driven morality, while brothel opponents deployed market logics that supported conservative heteronormative values and morals. I suggest that these deployments of market logics, particularly among brothel supporters, are instances of “heteroflexibility” in neoliberal governance, that is, flexibility in the various gender, sexual, and relationship norms that collectively make up heterosexuality as an institution. Key to the intensity of heteroflexibility’s challenge to heterosexuality, both then and today, is whether market logics use free choice or protection discourses in the neoliberal governance of sexuality.
Progressive Construction of Laccolithic Intrusive Centers: Henry Mountains, Utah, U.S.A

The intrusions of the Henry Mountains of southern Utah provide an exceptional setting for the study of igneous emplacement processes in the shallow crust. The five separate intrusive centers intruded the flat-lying stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau at 2–4 km depth. The intrusions are Oligocene in age and postdate the minor Laramide orogenic activity that affected this part of the Colorado Plateau. These intrusions can therefore be interpreted as having formed through purely magmatic processes, with no tectonic involvement or modification. Each of the five separate intrusive centers in the Henry Mountains preserves a different stage in the evolution of an igneous system constructed in the shallow crust. Each intrusive center is comprised of numerous small intrusive bodies surrounding a large laccolithic body assembled from several magma pulses. Collectively, the five intrusive centers provide a series of snapshots of the progressive growth of an igneous system in the shallow crust. A compilation of data from these intrusive centers allows development of a generalized model for progressive construction of a magmatic system in the shallow crust. This model involves three main stages. First, an early network of dikes and sills is intruded. Second, a relatively voluminous laccolithic central igneous body begins to form. The central laccolith may initiate though inflation of a sill that grew to a radius sufficient to lift the overburden, as hypothesized in traditional growth models. However, field evidence suggests progressive laccolith growth in the Henry Mountains involved numerous rapidly emplaced magma pulses separated by periods of no appreciable activity. In the final stage, satellite intrusions, many with a tongue-like geometry, are emplaced radially outward from the margin of the main laccolith, initiating in the lower hinge region where bending and fracturing of overburden is most intense. The step-wise assembly of these intrusive centers from multiple discrete pulses of magma calls into question the applicability of theoretical models of laccolith growth that presuppose the entire intrusion remains in a liquid state throughout the full emplacement history.
Resolution degradation of multiple-pixel event in pixellated CZT detectors

The signals from 3-D position-sensitive pixellated CdZnTe (CZT) detectors have been modeled for the VAS_UM/TAT4 ASIC readout electronics. Each detector has dimensions of 20 mm × 20 mm × 15 mm, with an 11 × 11 square pixel anodes fabricated on the anode surface having a pixel pitch of 1.72 mm. Gamma-ray interactions with detector material, charge drift, charge trapping and diffusion, signal induction, system noise, pulse shaping, as well as ASIC triggering processes have all been simulated. This model is used to study energy resolution degradation of multiple-pixel events in pixellated CZT detectors. While full charge collection is achieved when interactions occur directly under the pixel, the decreased weighting potential under the gap reduces the total pulse amplitude of events that occur between pixels. Furthermore, weighting potential cross-talk induced by charge sharing between neighboring pixels will alter the total induced charge on each pixel. Through signal modeling, these specific effects on multiple-pixel-event energy resolution can be quantified and compared to the overall measured degradation.
Obesity, Diet, and Exercise Education for the Primary Care Clerkship Using an Articulate Storyline 2 e-Learning Module.

Abstract Introduction Despite high obesity rates nationwide, many medical schools provide insufficient nutrition education. It has been difficult to deliver nutrition education in the Columbia Univ...
Co-targeting HGF/cMET Signaling with MEK Inhibitors in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma usually die within 1 year of diagnosis, emphasizing an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies. The liver is the most common site of metastasis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors improve survival in V600 BRAF-mutated cutaneous melanoma patients but have limited efficacy in patients with uveal melanoma. Our previous work showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling elicits resistance to MEK inhibitors in metastatic uveal melanoma. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of two BH3-only family proteins, Bim-EL and Bmf, contributes to HGF-mediated resistance to MEK inhibitors. Targeting HGF/cMET signaling with LY2875358, a neutralizing and internalizing anti-cMET bivalent antibody, and LY2801653, a dual cMET/RON inhibitor, overcomes resistance to trametinib provided by exogenous HGF and by conditioned medium from primary hepatic stellate cells. We further determined that activation of PI3Kα/γ/δ isoforms mediates the resistance to MEK inhibitors by HGF. Combination of LY2801653 with trametinib decreases AKT phosphorylation and promotes proapoptotic PARP cleavage in metastatic uveal melanoma explants. Together, our data support the notion that selectively blocking cMET signaling or PI3K isoforms in metastatic uveal melanoma may break the intrinsic resistance to MEK inhibitors provided by factors from stromal cells in the liver. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 516-28. ©2017 AACR.