cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Error correcting codes and their implementation for data transmission systems

Presented here is a practical automatic error-correcting system that may be applied to many data transmission problems. It is particularly suited to the correction of bursts of errors and so may be applied to the problem of the transmission of data over telephone networks. The attractive feature of the system is its remarkable simplicity from the point of view of implementation. It is so simple that it can readily be incorporated into much existing equipment. In the system, messages are transmitted in blocks and each block is coded separately. The codes used within the blocks are cyclic codes. This means that coders and decoders employ linear feedback shift registers to form check digits and to correct errors. The basic ideas are presented in terms of the hardware components to which the system gives rise and analyzed afterwards in terms of mathematics so that it is easy for the engineer to see, at once, what is involved. The theory usually applies to binary messages in which data is transmitted serially. However, an extension is included which shows how the same ideas may be applied to binary codes in which information is sent in parallel.
Characterization of the Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of the Limonoid Prieurianin

Accumulated cholesterol from the blood vessel walls, peripheral tissues and macrophages is transported back to the liver for excretion via the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. A number of enzymes and transfer proteins are involved in this process, one of which is called the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). The function of PLTP is to shuttle phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to the high density lipoprotein (HDL), thereby remodeling HDL for RCT. Interestingly, topoisomerase I inhibitors used in chemotherapy have been shown in our laboratory to dose dependently induced PLTP expression in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Since PLTP transports phospholipid as well as cholesterol into HDL, we raise the hypothesis that PLTP may shuttle topoisomerase I inhibitors such as camptothecin, into HDL for further metabolism in the liver, thus increasing tumor cells resistance to the drug. Our results may yield insights into a novel mechanism of drug resistance in cancer.
Effect of Time and Barred Owl Playback on Winter Detection of Woodpeckers in East-Central Mississippi

Broadcast vocalizations have been used to augment winter point counts. We investigated the effects of time and Strix varia (Barred Owl) playback on woodpecker detection. Habitats were classified as upland pine, bottomland hard- wood, and mixed pine-hardwood stands. Ten unlimited-radius, silent point counts of 3-min and 10-min duration were conducted in each habitat type on alternating weeks. During alternate weeks, silent counts followed by Barred Owl playback and post- playback counts were conducted. Detection was significantly greater during 10-min silent counts than during 3-min silent counts. We detected more woodpeckers after Barred Owl playback than during 3-min silent counts prior to playback. Species diversity was highest in mixed pine-hardwood stands, although abundance was lower than in hardwood stands. Mixed stands may not be able to support high woodpecker densities as well as bottomland hardwood forests.
Systematic Professional Development Training and Its Impact on Teachers’ Attitudes Toward ELLs: SIOP and Guided Coaching

This study examined systematic professional development (PD) training and its impact on teachers’ roles for and attitudes toward English language learners (ELLs). Systematic PD should compensate for theories and pedagogies not obtained during teacher education programs yet needed for content teachers with ELLs. A study was conducted to examine 6th- to 12th-grade content teachers’ report on their instructional strategies for ELLs and their perceived attitude and role changes after they had sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) training and guided coaching sessions. Two surveys and one interview were data sources for this mixed methods research design. Grounded theory was an approach adopted for qualitative data analysis, and t-tests and means were used to analyze quantitative data. The results show that most of the participating teachers perceived that they improved their instructional strategies for ELLs and attributed this improvement to SIOP and guided coaching. The results also show that most of the participants considered their roles for ELLs positively and attributed their attitude change toward ELLs and teaching strategies to PD trainings. Yet some participating teachers reported that they were still frustrated with ELLs, mostly due to their English proficiency levels. Implications and future directions are discussed, as are the limitation of this study.
The Administration of President Leguía of Peru

On July 4, 1928, President Augusto B. Leguia will have served thirteen years as chief executive of Peru—the last nine of them consecutively—and will still have one year of his present five-year term ahead of him. This is a remarkable record not only in Peru but in all South America. In fact, in Peru only two other presidents have served two complete terms, and those not consecutive; while Senor Leguia has the honor of being the only man who has been elected three times to the first office in the land. However, the moment one commences to take note of the various accomplishments of this diminutive dynamo of Peruvian politics, the smashing of precedents appears to be a routine matter, of administrative efficiency. Leguia was elected president in 1919, but apparently fearing that his political enemies might try to prevent him from taking office, he forstalled them by a coup d'etat of his own. Less than a month after his installation, a presidential decree placed before the people a project for such a drastic reform of the constitution that it was apparent that what was really contemplated was a new constitution.
Zero, Infinitesimals, Infinity, and the Fundamental Symbol of Indetermination

(1897). Zero, Infinitesimals, Infinity, and the Fundamental Symbol of Indetermination. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 255-259.
Writing in Mathematics: A Survey of K–12 Teachers’ Reported Frequency in the Classroom

Although writing in mathematics has been advocated in practitioner journals, policy documents, and various research, surveys of mathematics teachers between 1988 and 2008 in various English-speaking countries have reported relatively infrequent incorporation into mathematics lessons. Further, much of prior survey research has yielded only anecdotal evidence regarding the potential reasons why some teachers engage students more, or less, frequently in writing in mathematics. The present study provides a more current set of descriptive statistics regarding teachers’ reported frequencies for writing in mathematics. Additionally, exploratory correlation analysis yielded findings regarding potential relationships for such frequencies. Findings indicate that subscribing to and reading professional journals, as well as participation in professional development on mathematical argumentation have statistically significant relationships to particular kinds of writing assignments and activities.
What is Neighborhood Context and Why does it Matter in Sustainability Assessment

Abstract The third decade into 21st century is expected to be a very crucial phase for cities and human life particularly when 70% of the population will be living in urban settings. This has created a strong need for transitioning cities toward sustainable communities. As a result, several neighborhood sustainability assessment tools have been developed worldwide. Although these tools are being continuously revised and improved, studies have pointed out that they lack context-specificity and suffer from “one-size-fit-all” vision. This is due to the fact that they rely on high-level rule-based measurement systems that provide overwhelmingly similar guidelines regardless of contextual characteristics. The goal of this paper is to raise this issue and demonstrate the variations in contextual characteristics. Defining “balance” in urban sustainability assessment from five different perspectives serves as a prelude to the focus of this paper which is contextual balance. Neighborhood context is defined as a function of numerous variables selected from physical, operational, socio-economic, environmental, and institutional points of views. To demonstrate the diversity of possible contextual outcomes, a series of cases studies are performed only on one of the variables in macro and micro levels. Finally, the results and recommendations are discussed.
Mitigation of H2RG persistence with image illumination

Residual charge generation, or image persistence, in infrared detectors is a problem that affects many low-light astronomical instruments. The HAWAII-2RG in the MMT and Magellan Infrared Spectrograph shows significant persistence when first powered up. We describe here how we reduce the persistence sensitivity of this detector by exposure to light.
Binary collision outcomes for inelastic soft-sphere models with cohesion

We present an in-depth study on the restitution coefficient and sticking behavior of two models commonly used in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) community for simulating fine cohesive powders. The cohesion in this study is the result of the van der Waals force which is added to commonly used contact force models. We obtain a collapse of the restitution behavior depending on four independent non-dimensional variables governing the dynamics of the system, and a quantitative model for the restitution behavior is presented. Additionally, the physical validity of the DEM models under consideration is shown to be governed by the Tabor parameter, commonly used in the surface science community. If the Tabor parameter is too large such models are not applicable, in a physical sense, and a theory for compliant contacts is needed. We show that the Tabor parameter can be cast in terms of non-dimensional quantities used by the DEM community, and depends on particle stiffness. While softer particles are often used to reduce temporal resolution requirements, we find particle restitution and sticking become sensitive to spring stiffness. This is particularly evident at stiffness values near the limit of physical validity set by the Tabor parameter. Generally, we find that particle stiffness appears to decrease the dissipation of energy in the presence of cohesion. Large differences in restitution and sticking behavior are discussed in the presence or absence of a short-ranged attractive well. Lastly, the effect of restitution on rheological regime transitions in sheared cohesive assemblies is addressed, where a transition from inertial to quasistatic stress scaling occurs. The occurrence of the transition correlates excellently with the transition from restituting to sticking behavior. This study demonstrates, echoing fluidization studies by several authors, that understanding the microscopic restituting and sticking behavior is important when performing macro-scale simulations involving multiple physical interactions. Possible approaches for obtaining computational speed-up are also discussed.
Structure-activity relationships in the actions of 1-phenyl-piperazines on brain serotonin receptors.

Several compounds containing a 1-phenyl-piperazine moiety have been reported to interact with central serotoninergic systems. For example, trazodone, 2-(3-[4-(m-chlorophenyl)-1piperazinyl]propyl)-S-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridin-3[2H]-one (Fig. 1), has been variously described as a serotonin uptake inhibitor, agonist, and antagonist (Silvestrini et al, 1968; Garattini et al, 1976; Maj et al, 1979). Mepiprazole, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-4[2-(5-methyl-3-pyrazolyl)-ethyl]-piperazine (Fig. 1), has been claimed to increase serotonin concentration at the receptor site by a combination of neuronal uptake inhibition and release (Placheta et al, 1975), and Fuxe et al (1976) have suggested that mepiprazole causes extragranular release of serotonin stores. Related compounds with a simpler structure have also been studied. For example, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-piperazine, a possible metabolite of trazodone (and of mepiprazole), was observed to inhibit serotonin uptake more potently than trazodone (Garattini et al, 1976). l-(m-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine has been reported to have serotonin agonist activity (Fuller et al, 1978; Fuller and Clemens, 1979). Quipazine and MK-212 are serotonin agonists (Rodriguez et al, 1973; Clineschmidt et al, 1977) that are 1-aryl-piperazines but not 1-phenyl-piperazines (see Fig. 1). Because of these reports, we have undertaken a study of various substituted 1-phenyl-piperazines and related compounds to determine their ability to act directly on serotonin receptors as indicated by their competition with 3H-serotonin for binding to membranes from rat brain in vitro. These effects and others of some 1-phenyl-piperazines are described herein.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of dyspnea in the elderly

Background: The diagnostic ability of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPExT) depends on achieving a maximal test, which elderly patients may not be able to accomplish. Objective: (i) To evaluate the utility of CPExT in the elderly patient with unexplained dyspnea. (ii) To compare adequacy of exercise and outcome of CPExT in patients 65 years. Methods: Medical records of 199 patients who underwent CPExT in our institution for dyspnea evaluation over the last 6 years were reviewed. Patients were divided into young (age 65 years). Body mass index (BMI); maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ), % maximal predicted heart rate (%HR), % maximal predicted work (%WR), Respiratory Quotient (RQ), patients with diagnostic tests were obtained from records. Impact of age ≥/ Results: Of 199 patients, 65 (32%) were elderly. Studied parameters in the 2 chronologic groups are tabulated below. The cause of exercise limitation was found in 65% of elderly patients. In remaining patients, cause of exercise limitation could not be determined due to tests being submaximal with patients unable to reach AT and required % WR/ % HR. Conclusions: CPExT is an effective diagnostic test for evaluation of dyspnea of unclear etiology, in the elderly. It can curtail costs of further diagnostic testing for unexplained dyspnea by finding a diagnosis in 2/3rd of such cases.
Considerations and Challenges for Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Although the relationship of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with subfertility is well established, postconception implications of PCOS on pregnancy remain debated. Increased risk for miscarriage, gestational diabetes, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, intrauterine growth abnormalities, perinatal mortality, and operative delivery are described in women with PCOS. Unfortunately, our understanding of definitive causal relationship to the observed associations is limited by the heterogeneity of the syndrome as well as by a paucity of large randomized controlled trials studying pregnancy in PCOS.
24.6 A time-interleaved filtering-by-aliasing receiver front-end with >70dB suppression at <4× bandwidth frequency offset

Programmable receiver front-ends have been a topic of enormous interest in recent years. Both N-path filtering [1,2] and charge-domain filtering [2] achieve sharp filtering but suffer from poor matching [1] or high noise figure (NF) [2]. Combining noise cancellation with the mixer-first architecture achieves low NF and high linearity [3], but only for far-out blockers.
Consequences of Obstruction on the Epididymis

Prevention of the passage of spermatozoa from the testes to the outside by interruption of the v asa de ferentia ha s 1 ong b een p racticed a s a means of restricting fertility in males. Obstruction of the vas deferens by ligation, cauterization, or other means, usually accompanied by division of the duct is generally known by the misnomer of vasectomy, even though the amount of vas deferens, if any, actually removed is usually limited to a few mm.
Properties and Tribological Performance of Vanadium Carbide Coatings on AISI 52100 Steel Deposited by Thermoreactive Diffusion

Vanadium carbide coatings were formed on AISI 52100 steel specimens by thermoreactive diffusion and characterized using nanoindentation, x-ray diffraction, and chemical analysis. The deposition process formed a 4-µm coating of vanadium carbide (V4C3) with an average grain size of 33 nm and a [200] crystallographic texture. The hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were determined to be 35 ± 7.5 GPa and 334 ± 67 GPa, respectively. Friction and wear of the coatings were examined in reciprocating sliding contact against tungsten carbide (WC) balls in dry and in an abrasive environment. It was determined that in the abrasive environment, the V4C3 coating provided wear protection comparable to WC.
Fixing and IR response of doped barium titanate

Two key obstacles to the development of high-capacity three-dimensional information mass storage systems using photorefractive crystals are: (1) readout of holograms stored in the conventional manner is destructive, and (2) undoped photorefractive crystals are typically quite insensitive to red and infrared write light from diode lasers (the preferred source). As a consequence, bulky, expensive ion lasers have been necessary for hologram writing. Thus hologram fixing and high infrared sensitivity in these materials are both important if practical systems are to be built. We present our own high-temperature (80-110°C) photorefractive grating writing results for a variety of pure and doped barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) crystals. We found strong fixable secondary gratings that correlated with increasing levels of Fe and Ni in doped crystals. Fixing was not observed in our pure crystals or those doped with V, Rh, or Co. Fixing was enhanced in an iron-doped crystal reduced by high-temperature annealing at low oxygen partial pressures. We also found that the readout diffraction efficiency of a fixed grating in BaTiO 3 is a rapidly increasing function of readout temperature above a threshold temperature, which depends upon the crystal orientation. Lower temperatures lead to longer storage times, as would be expected if the carriers forming the fixed grating have a thermally activated mobility. We also report preliminary experimental results on blue Rh-doped BaTiO 3 crystals with fast and high-gain infrared (840 nm) response.
Peptide and Neurotransmitter Receptors in the Brain: Regulation by Ions and Guanyl Nucleotides

In recent years attention has focused on the localization of traditional peptide hormones in the brain. In several cases peptides, thought to be confined to the gastrointestinal tract, and associated glands and the pituitary, were reported to occur in the brain. Whether or not all gut peptide hormones exist in the brain as well is by no means clear. Interestingly, peptides first discovered in the brain, such as substance P and enkephalin, have subsequently been shown to occur also in the intestinal tract. Because of their localization in specific neuronal pathways, these peptides have been suggested as neurotransmitters. One way in which the brain peptides resemble conventional neurotransmitters lies in the properties of their receptor sites as defined in biochemical studies.
Effect of Exercise Type During Intentional Weight Loss on Body Composition in Older Adults with Obesity

Objective To examine the long-term effects of exercise modality during weight loss on body composition and associations between body composition and physical function changes. Methods Two hundred forty-nine older adults (66.9 ± 4.7 years, 71% women, 32% African American, BMI: 34.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) were randomized to weight loss (WL; n = 82), WL plus aerobic training (WL + AT; n = 86), or WL plus resistance training (WL + RT; n = 81) for 18 months. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry–acquired body composition, 400-m walk time, and knee extensor strength were measured at baseline and at 6 and 18 months. Results Total body mass loss was enhanced when WL was combined with exercise (WL: −5.7 ± 0.7 kg, WL + AT: −8.5 ± 0.7 kg, WL + RT: −8.7 ± 0.7 kg; P < 0.01). Total body fat mass loss was significantly greater in WL + AT (−6.8 ± 0.6 kg, −16.4%) and WL + RT (−7.8 ± 0.5 kg, −19.0%) than WL (−4.8 ± 0.6 kg, −10.9%); both P < 0.01. Lean mass loss was greatest in WL + AT (−1.6 ± 0.3 kg, −3.1%) compared with WL + RT (−0.8 ± 0.3 kg, −1.5%) or WL (−1.0 ± 0.3 kg; −2.0%); both P ≤ 0.02. Change in 400-m walk time was associated with change in fat mass (β/SD = +6.1 s; P < 0.01), while change in knee extensor strength was associated with change in lean mass (β/SD = +1.6 Nm; P < 0.01). Conclusions WL + RT results in less lean mass lost than WL + AT; WL plus exercise yields greater fat mass loss than WL alone.
Resilience, Recovery, and Therapeutic Interventions for Peripartum Women with Histories of Trauma

Although traumatic experiences increase risk for myriad mental health sequelae, most individuals who experience marked adverse events do not meet the criteria for psychiatric disorders or appear to sustain chronic injury or functional impairments. This chapter entails several of the critical aspects of psychosocial resilience and recovery in the context of distal and proximal trauma. First, we review the literature on posttraumatic well-being among peripartum women. Second, we consider therapeutic processes central to trauma recovery and survivors’ care preferences. Finally, we present information on the current state of knowledge regarding the application of empirically supported interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and affect regulation difficulties to trauma-exposed peripartum women.
Jimi Hendrix, the 1960s Counterculture, and Confirmations and Critiques of US Cultural Mythologies

This chapter centers Hendrix’s contested US national identity and participation in a visual-cultural and popular musical Black Atlantic that has been confined within, while maneuvering beyond, the slave trade’s borders. Centering Hendrix within a legacy of black popular music’s transnational routes, this chapter highlights his musical and extra-musical roles as a transnational symbol. This chapter places Hendrix, and rock music more generally, in histories of the 1960s counterculture (especially the Woodstock Festival), US exceptionalist myths, and the cultural Cold War.
Observing and Quantifying Cetacean Behavior in the Wild: Current Problems, Limitations, and Future Directions

Behavioral research and analysis is prone to both error and bias, particularly in the early stages of a discipline, in part because it is widely (and erroneously) believed that “behavior” is rather simple and can be easily described or quantified. However, since the 1970s for terrestrial animals, and since the late 1990s for marine mammals, systematic protocols of data gathering and ever more sophisticated modeling and multivariate statistical techniques have been described, largely to reduce problems of bias and pseudoreplication. With modern observational protocols, often enhanced by sophisticated multivariable data-gathering tools, the future for more accurate assessments, and therefore interpretations, of the sophisticated social behaviors of wild cetaceans seems assured.
Modeling variation coefficient of wave-induced underwater irradiance for clear ocean and its application to find the optimal detector size

In measuring the coefficient of variation (CV) of underwater wave-induced sunlight irradiance, the spatial integration of irradiance signals due to the finite aperture size of an irradiance detector usually causes underestimation of the measured variance. Because this spatial integration effect is strongly coupled with ocean wave features, inherent optical properties (IOPs) of water, and atmospheric radiance conditions, direct deconvolution techniques from measured irradiance signals can lead to serious signal-to-noise degradation in a noisy upper ocean. On the other hand, choosing a small detector to guarantee CV accuracy is expensive. We address the intrinsic dependence of the CV on the detector size and choice of optimal detector size for measuring irradiance variability in a turbid ocean environment. We present a new theoretical model to directly obtain the form of the CV of the wave-induced scalar irradiance as the function of the detector size, ocean surface wave parameters, and IOPs of ocean water. The model is derived under the small-angle scattering approximation and the first-order assumption of Snell's law and Fresnel transmission coefficient. We demonstrate the validity and efficacy of the model for weakly roughened Gaussian ocean surface conditions, by comparison with Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations. The model shows that the CV of wave-induced irradiance reaches an asymptotic with decreasing the detector size, thereby providing an optimal or maximum detector size for given IOP and environmental conditions.
Prevention of Prostatic Carcinogenesis — Is it Realistic?

At present there is no effective therapy for increasing survival to metastatic prostatic cancer. New approaches to this major disease are, therefore, urgently needed. One approach is to study the biology of prostatic carcinogenesis in order to develop a therapeutic modality to prevent the initial development of clinically manifest prostatic cancer. This optimism is based upon the demonstration that prostatic carcinogenesis is a multi-step process which can occur over an extended time period. Due to the extended timeframe required to complete all of the malignant steps required for full transformation of a normal prostatic epithelial cell to cancer, it may be possible to block one of the steps involved in this process. Indeed, based upon international epidemiological data of prostatic cancer incidence and the data on migrant populations, this possibility is both possible and practical. Based upon this data, at least one of the steps in prostatic carcinogenesis is preventable or there would not be a more than 10-fold difference between the high versus low prostatic cancer incidence among various international male populations. Therefore, great effort should be focused upon the experimental study of prostatic carcinogenesis in order to detail the specific steps involved in this process. Once the steps are identified, it should be possible to develop therapeutic methods to block at least one of these steps.
Orbital and Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma

Lymphomas result from neoplastic transformation of cells that reside predominantly within lymphoid tissues. Ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) refers to lymphoma that involves the conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eyelid, or orbit. Most OALs are low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and approximately half of OALs are of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type [1–3]. Orbital lymphoma is the most common primary orbital malignancy in adults and accounts for approximately 11 % of all orbital masses and 34 % of orbital malignancies [2]. The majority of OALs are non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and are seen primarily in adults in the sixth to eighth decade of life. OAL accounts for 8 % of all extranodal lymphomas and only 1–2 % of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas [2–7]. While OAL is often viewed as a localized disease process, studies have demonstrated that up to 36 % of patients with primary OAL have systemic involvement at the time of diagnosis, depending on the elements of their staging work-up [8–10]. This chapter discusses the classification, staging, treatment options, and outcomes for OAL.
Microbial Cleaning for Removal of Surface Contamination

Microbial cleaning takes advantage of naturally occurring microbes to remove a wide variety of contaminants from various surfaces. The method is based on the affinity of microbes for hydrocarbons which are digested, producing harmless carbon dioxide, water and soluble fatty acids. The microbes are nonpathogenic and are safe to handle and dispose. The process is environmentally friendly and is less expensive than solvent cleaning, but it is not applicable to high precision cleaning applications. Typical applications include parts washing; oil and grease removal from concrete and other floor surfaces, and from drains and grease traps; cleaning and disinfection in healthcare facilities; cleaning of historical artworks and structures; and household and institutional cleaning applications.
A face is more than just the eyes, nose, and mouth: fMRI evidence that face-selective cortex represents external features.

Abstract What is a face? Intuition, along with abundant behavioral and neural evidence, indicates that internal features (e.g., eyes, nose, mouth) are critical for face recognition, yet some behavioral and neural findings suggest that external features (e.g., hair, head outline, neck and shoulders) may likewise be processed as a face. Here we directly test this hypothesis by investigating how external (and internal) features are represented in the brain. Using fMRI, we found highly selective responses to external features (relative to objects and scenes) within the face processing system in particular, rivaling that observed for internal features. We then further asked how external and internal features are represented in regions of the cortical face processing system, and found a similar division of labor for both kinds of features, with the occipital face area and posterior superior temporal sulcus representing the parts of both internal and external features, and the fusiform face area representing the coherent arrangement of both internal and external features. Taken together, these results provide strong neural evidence that a “face” is composed of both internal and external features.
On efficient Hessian computation using the edge pushing algorithm in Julia

Evaluating the Hessian matrix of second-order derivatives at a sequence of points can be costly when applying second-order methods for nonlinear optimization. In this work, we discuss our experienc...
Ribosome display for the rapid generation of high-affinity Zika-neutralizing single-chain antibodies.

Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen with no approved therapeutics and only limited diagnostics available. To address this gap, six mouse single-chain antibodies (scFvs) to ZIKV envelope (E) protein were isolated rapidly and efficiently from a ribosome-displayed antibody library constructed from the spleens of five immunized mice. Methodology/results In this report, we have generated a panel of mouse scFvs to ZIKV E protein using ribosome display. The six scFvs demonstrated no cross-reactivity with DENV2 NGC envelope protein, suggesting specificity for ZIKV E protein. These scFvs showed differences in their affinity: two (scFv45-3, scFv63-1) of them were dominant after four rounds of panning, and showed higher affinity (an apparent Kd values from 19 to 27 nM) than the other four (scFv5-1, scFv7-2, scFv38-1, and scFv51-2). All six scFvs showed ZIKV-neutralizing activity in the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay and their neutralizing activity was positively correlated with their affinities. Conclusions/significance The scFvs (45-3 and 63-1) with highest affinity may have dual utility as diagnostics capable of recognizing ZIKV E subtypes and may be further developed to treat ZIKV infection. Our approach has the added advantage of generating Fc receptor-deficient antibodies, minimizing concern of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection.
Managing the Paper Load and Responding Effectively to Writing

This workshop includes advice on giving feedback appropriate to stages of the writing process, dealing with the errors that bog down reading, developing evaluation criteria based on learning goals, and constructing rubrics to allow for more effective and efficient grading. Advice and strategies are framed by an explanation of the rhetorical demands students face when they write in new and/or unfamiliar contexts.
CARDIAC REHABILITATION FOR TYPE 2 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) related to supply-demand inequity are frequently encountered in clinical practice but, in the absence of evidence-based therapies, their prognosis remains poor; 5-year survival is less than 40%. Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with reduced all-
The Severity and Distribution of Nonurologic Pain and Urogenital Pain in Overactive Bladder are Intermediate Between Interstitial Cystitis and Controls.

OBJECTIVES (1) To compare the severity and distribution of nonurologic and urogenital pain between overactive bladder (OAB), interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and controls, and (2) To examine the relationships between the severity of urogenital pain and severity of urinary symptoms among patients with OAB. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-one OAB patients, 27 IC/BPS patients, and 30 controls were recruited. Nonurologic pain was assessed using a whole body map and Brief Pain Inventory. Urologic pain was assessed using the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem indexes, Genitourinary Pain Index, and 0-10 pain scale. Urogenital pain was assessed using a genital map, and report of pain related to bladder filling and urination. RESULTS Among OAB patients, 6% reported pelvic pain only while 28% reported pelvic pain and beyond. 18% reported widespread pain. The distribution of nonurologic pain and urogenital pain in OAB patients were intermediate between IC/BPS and controls (IC/BPS>OAB>controls, P all <.05). The intensity of pain reported by OAB patients was intermediate between controls and IC/BPS (average 2.3 vs 0.8 vs 4.3 out of 10, P <.001). Among OAB patients, the pain severity (GUPI-pain, ICSI-pain, ICPI-pain) was positively correlated with urinary severity (UDI-6, IIQ-7, OABq-SS, OABq-QOL, P all < .05). OAB patients with pelvic pain have worse urinary symptoms and psychosocial health (anxiety, depression) compared to OAB patients without pelvic pain. CONCLUSION A subset of OAB patients has pain inside and/or outside the pelvis. The intensity and distribution of pain in OAB was intermediate between IC/BPS and controls. Systemic processes such as central sensitization should be examined in this population.
Intrinsic Patch-Based Cortical Anatomical Parcellation Using Graph Convolutional Neural Network on Surface Manifold.

Automatic parcellation of cortical surfaces into anatomically meaningful regions of interest (ROIs) is of great importance in brain analysis. Due to the complex shape of the convoluted cerebral cortex, conventional methods generally require three steps to obtain the parcellations. First, the original cortical surface is iteratively inflated and mapped onto a spherical surface with minimal metric distortion, for providing a simpler shape for analysis. Then, a registration or learning-based labeling method is adopted to parcellate ROIs on the mapped spherical surface. Finally, parcellation labels on the spherical surface are mapped back to the original cortical surface. Despite great success, spherical mapping of the original cortical surface is inherently sensitive to topological noise and cannot deal with the impaired brains that violate spherical topology. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose to directly parcellate the cerebral cortex on the original cortical surface manifold without requiring spherical mapping, by leveraging the strong learning ability of the graph convolutional neural networks. Also, we extend the convolution to the surface manifold using the kernel strategy, which enables us to overcome the notorious shape difference issue (e.g., different vertex number and connections) across different subjects. Our method aims to learn the highly nonlinear mapping between cortical attribute patterns (on local intrinsic surface patches) and parcellation labels. We have validated our method on a normal cortical surface dataset and a synthetic dataset with impaired brains, which shows that our method achieves comparable accuracy to the methods using spherical mapping, and works well on cortical surfaces violating the spherical topology.
Left ventricular extracellular volume expansion does not predict recurrence of atrial fibrillation following catheter ablation.

Introduction A recent study reported that diffuse left ventricular (LV) fibrosis is a predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following catheter ablation, by measuring postcontrast cardiac T1 (an error prone metric as per the 2017 Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance consensus statement) using an inversion-recovery pulse sequence (an error prone method in arrhythmia) in AF ablation candidates. The purpose of this study was to verify the prior study, by measuring extracellular volume (ECV) fraction (an accurate metric) using a saturation-recovery pulse sequence (accurate method in arrhythmia). Methods and results This study examined 100 AF patients (mean age = 62 ± 11 years, 69 males and 31 females, 67 paroxysmal [pAF] and 33 persistent [peAF]) who underwent a preablation cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) exam. LV ECV and left atrial (LA) and LV functional parameters were quantified using standard analysis methods. During an average follow-up period of 457 ± 261 days with 4 ± 3 rhythm checks per patient, 72 patients maintained sinus rhythm. Between those who maintained sinus rhythm (n = 72) and those who reverted to AF (n = 28), the only clinical characteristic that was significantly different was age (60 ± 12 years vs 66 ± 9 years); for CMR metrics, neither mean LV ECV (25.1 ± 3.3% vs 24.7 ± 3.7%), native LV T1 (1093.8 ± 73.5 ms vs 1070.2 ± 115.9 ms), left ventricular ejection fraction (54.1 ± 11.2% vs 55.7 ± 7.1%), nor LA end diastolic volume/body surface area (42.4 ± 14.8 mL/m2 vs 43.4 ± 19.6 mL/m2 ) were significantly different (P ≥ .23). According to Cox regression tests, none of the clinical and imaging variables predict AF recurrence. Conclusion Neither LV ECV nor other CMR metrics predict recurrence of AF following catheter ablation.
Pathology of head and neck tumors

The chapter on head and neck surface epithelial-derived lesions presents recent developments in the classification of premalignant and malignant entities at different anatomical sites. Emphasis on close clinician and pathologist interactions in intraoperative consultation for both diagnosis and margins is stressed. The chapter provides a practical and simplified approach to the assessment of premalignant and dysplastic lesions in both oral and laryngeal sites. Emphasis on the significance of grading and morphologic subtypes is highlighted. The chapter also introduces and addresses the issues associated with the development of oropharyngeal carcinoma as an etiologic and clinical subtype. The HPV high-risk association, the morphologic manifestations, and the diagnosis of this entity are concisely presented with emphasis on biomarker integration.
Phospholipase D and Choline Metabolism.

Phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze hydrolysis of the diester bond of phospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid and the free lipid headgroup. In mammals, PLD enzymes comprise the intracellular enzymes PLD1 and PLD2 and possibly the proteins encoded by related genes, as well as a class of cell surface and secreted enzymes with structural homology to ectonucleotide phosphatases/phosphodiesterases as typified by autotaxin (ENPP2) that have lysoPLD activities. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function approaches implicate these enzymes in intra- and intercellular signaling mediated by the lipid products phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and their metabolites, while the possibility that the water-soluble product of their reactions is biologically relevant has received far less attention. PLD1 and PLD2 are highly selective for phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas autotaxin has broader substrate specificity for lysophospholipids but by virtue of the high abundance of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in extracellular fluids predominantly hydrolyses this substrate. In all cases, the water-soluble product of these PLD activities is choline. Although choline can be formed de novo by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine, this activity is absent in most tissues, so mammals are effectively auxotrophic for choline. Dietary consumption of choline in both free and esterified forms is substantial. Choline is necessary for synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and of the choline-containing phospholipids PC and sphingomyelin (SM) and also plays a recently appreciated important role as a methyl donor in the pathways of “one-carbon (1C)” metabolism. This review discusses emerging evidence that some of the biological functions of these intra- and extracellular PLD enzymes involve generation of choline with a particular focus on the possibility that these choline and PLD dependent processes are dysregulated in cancer.
Predictors of Nonconvulsive Seizure and Their Effect on Short-term Outcome

INTRODUCTION Nonconvulsive seizures (NCSs) are common in critically ill adult patients with acute neurologic conditions. However, the effect of NCSs on patient outcome remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of NCSs on short-term outcome and to assess the clinical and EEG factors associated with NCSs. METHODS We retrospectively identified 219 adult patients from the EEG reporting system who underwent continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring between January 2018 and June 2018. Patients with anoxic brain injury were excluded from the study. Clinical, laboratory, and EEG data were reviewed to determine potentially predictive factors of NCSs. The impact of NCSs on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and disability on discharge was measured; an modified Rankin scale of three or greater was considered disabled. RESULTS Of the 219 patients included in our study, a total of 14% (n = 31) had NCSs on continuous EEG, of which 42% (n = 13) had their first seizure discharge recorded during the first hour of continuous EEG monitoring. The presence of clinical seizures before continuous EEG (odds ratio = 1.787; 95% confidence interval = 1.197-2.667, P = 0.0045), history of epilepsy (odds ratio = 1.508; 95% confidence interval = 1.027-2.215, P = 0.035), and comatose state (29 vs. 16%; P = 0.0006) were associated with NCSs. Among EEG characteristics, the presence of interictal epileptiform discharges (P < 0.0001), lateralized rhythmic delta activity (P = 0.02), and lateralized periodic discharges (P < 0.0001) were associated with NCSs. Nonconvulsive seizures were significantly associated with longer in-hospital stay (23.68 ± 24.84 vs. 17.14 ± 20.52; P = 0.036) and disability on discharge (87% [n = 27] vs. 13% [n = 4], P = 0.02). However, there was no significant association between NCS and in-hospital mortality (9.6% [n = 3] vs. 10.6% [n = 20]; P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Nonconvulsive seizures are associated with longer in-hospital stay and disability on discharge but not with in-hospital mortality in adult patients.
A MATLAB code for topology optimization using the geometry projection method

This work introduces a MATLAB code to perform the topology optimization of structures made of bars using the geometry projection method. The primary objective of this code is to make available to the structural optimization community a simple implementation of the geometry projection method that illustrates the formulation and makes it possible to easily and efficiently reproduce results. A guiding principle in writing the code is modularity, so that researchers can easily modify the program for their own purposes. Another goal is efficiency, for which extensive use of vectorization is made. This paper details the formulation of the geometry projection, discusses implementation aspects of the code, and demonstrates some of its capabilities by presenting several 2D and 3D compliance minimization examples.
The role of initial chest X-ray in triaging patients with suspected COVID-19 during the pandemic.

The purpose of our research is to evaluate the usefulness of chest X-ray for triaging patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. IRB approval was obtained to allow a retrospective review of adult patients who presented to the Emergency Department with a complaint of fever, cough, dyspnea or hypoxia and had a chest X-ray between 12 March 2020 and 26 March 2020. The initial chest X-ray was graded on a scale of 0–3 with grade 0 representing no alveolar opacities, grade 1: 2/3 alveolar opacities of the lung. Past medical history of diabetes and hypertension, initial oxygen saturation, COVID-19 testing results, intubation, and outcome were also collected. Four hundred ten patient chest X-rays were reviewed. Oxygen saturation and X-ray grade were both significantly associated with the length of stay in hospital, the hazard ratio (HR) of discharge was 1.05 (95% CI [1.01, 1.09], p = 0.017) and 0.61 (95% CI [0.51, 0.73], p < 0.001), respectively. In addition, oxygen saturation and X-ray grade were significant predictors of intubation (odds ratio (OR) of intubation is 0.88 (95% CI [0.81, 0.96], p = 0.004) and 3.69 (95% CI [2.25, 6.07], p < 0.001). Initial chest X-ray is a useful tool for triaging those subjects who might have poor outcomes with suspected COVID-19 infection and benefit most from hospitalization.
Contact-space resolution model for a physically consistent view of simultaneous collisions in articulated-body systems: theory and experimental results:

Multi-surface interactions occur frequently in articulated-rigid-body systems such as robotic manipulators. Real-time prediction of contact-interaction forces is challenging for systems with many d...
A pharmacovigilance study of pharmacokinetic drug interactions using a translational informatics discovery approach.

BACKGROUND While the pharmacokinetic (PK) mechanisms for many drug interactions (DDIs) have been established, pharmacovigilance studies related to these PK DDIs are limited. Using a large surveillance database, a translational informatics approach can systematically screen adverse drug events (ADEs) for many DDIs with known PK mechanisms. METHODS We collected a set of substrates and inhibitors related to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, as recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Drug Interactions Flockhart table™. The FDA's Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) was used to obtain ADE reports from 2004 to 2018. The substrate and inhibitor information were used to form PK DDI pairs for each of the CYP isoforms and Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) preferred terms used for ADEs in FAERS. A shrinkage observed-to-expected ratio (Ω) analysis was performed to screen for potential PK DDI and ADE associations. RESULTS We identified 149 CYP substrates and 62 CYP inhibitors from the FDA and Flockhart tables. Using FAERS data, only those DDI-ADE associations were considered that met the disproportionality threshold of Ω > 0 for a CYP substrate when paired with at least two inhibitors. In total, 590 ADEs were associated with 2085 PK DDI pairs and 38 individual substrates, with ADEs overlapping across different CYP substrates. More importantly, we were able to find clinical and experimental evidence for the paclitaxel-clopidogrel interaction associated with peripheral neuropathy in our study. CONCLUSION In this study, we utilized a translational informatics approach to discover potentially novel CYP-related substrate-inhibitor and ADE associations using FAERS. Future clinical, population-based and experimental studies are needed to confirm our findings.