cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANATOMY OF BORON‐DEFICIENT THUJA PLICATA

A B S T R A C T Seedling trees were grown in complete nutrient solution and in one without added boron for a period of 5 years. Roots and shoots of boron-deficient plants showed a variety of symptoms which were involved in the disruption of normal cellular differentiation. Abnormalities in structure, cell shape, wall conformation and rigidity are described for both primary and secondary tissues. The persistence of the trees in spite of the death of apical meristems and local or seasonal variations are discussed. THE ROLE OF boron in growth of plants has been considered from many viewpoints, usually using crop plants as material for study. A lengthy review (Gauch and Duggar, 1954) analyzes much of the literature and Skok (1958) provides a terse summary. Shive (1945) suggested that the pathology of boron deficiency was well known but that the more important area of investigation is the action of boron within the cell rather than the symptoms of nutritional disease. Much of the literature on both anatomy and function continues to suggest varied effects and reports often are conflicting. Most materials studied have been herbaceous plants grown for short periods of time. Qualitative differences, differences in habit, and sequential changes during ontogeny could be significant in some of the variations described. It is especially difficult to assess and correlate the varying reports of the "first" evidence of deficiency or even to be certain that deficient and dead tissues are differentiated. External symptoms of deficiency are reported as chlorosis, reduced leaf size, die-back of shoots, blunt, much-branched roots, and multiple buds. Anatomical effects are usually reduced growth, necrosis, accumulation of materials, and changes in wall thickness. The sites of necrosis and wall changes vary with the material. Differences in response based on day length (MacVicar and Struckmeyer, 1946), relationship between boron and auxin (Dyar and Webb, 1961), and measures of nucleic acid content (Albert, 1965) indicate the wide interest in the phenomena associated with boron deficiency. Genetic differences in boron requirement of tomato were reported (Wall and Andrus, 1962). Excised roots (Albert and Wilson, 1961) and tissue cultures (Wilson, 1961)
Pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia

The pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia remains a critical component in the short- and long-term management of this disease. Considerable progress has been made in delineating different domains of this illness, ranging from positive and negative symptoms to cognitive dysfunction and psychosocial vulnerabilities. Increasingly, treatments are being studied in relation to a variety of different outcome measures with functional ability and quality of life achieving appropriate emphasis. The introduction of a new generation of antipsychotic drugs has helped to raise optimism and expectations. Overall, second-generation drugs do provide clear advantages in terms of reducing adverse effects (particularly drug-induced Parkinsonism, anesthesia, and, hopefully, tardive dyskinesia). Advantages in alleviating refractory symptoms, negative symptoms, depression, and suicidal behavior are found in some reports; however, much remains to be done methodologically in establishing the relative merits of specific drugs in the multiple domains of interest.
Social context and courtship flexibility in male sailfin mollies, Poecilia latipinna (Pisces: Poecillidae)

Abstract Male sailfin mollies exhibit patterns of sexual behaviour directly related to body size: large males exhibit higher rates of courtship displays and lower rates of forced insemination attempts. Male sailfin mollies from three size classes were examined with a repeated-measures design to investigate the extent to which an individual will alter the rates at which different sexual behaviours are expressed in response to short-term changes in male size distributions in small groups. Small and large males did not respond to changes in male size distributions, but intermediate-sized males did. When alone intermediate-sized males exhibited rates of behaviour that were intermediate between rates exhibited by small and large males. When other males were present, regardless of their body sizes, the same intermediate-sized males shifted their behaviour patterns toward those of small males. When intermediate-sized males were placed with males of different body sizes, they exhibited behaviour patterns that were indistinguishable from those of small males. Significant differences among individuals were exhibited within all three size classes, but intermediate-sized males exhibited the highest level of differences among individuals. These results suggest that behavioural variation in natural populations will be more discontinuous in character than has been supposed previously, with variation resembling more a set of alternative tactics conditional on size than a gradation of variable behaviours correlated with size.
A comparison of the performance and importance ratings on intervention practices of preschool and elementary school educators in Thailand

The objectives of the present study were: (a) to compare the performance ratings on five aspects of intervention practices as determined by preschool educators to the performance ratings as determined by elementary school educators, (b) to compare the importance ratings on five aspects of intervention practices as determined by preschool educators to the importance ratings as determined by elementary school educators, (c) to determine if importance ratings are significantly higher than performance ratings. Questionnaires were employed to collect the data from preschool and elementary school educators in Thailand. It was found that there was no significant difference between preschool educators’ and elementary school educators’ ratings of their performance in any of the five aspects of intervention practices (p > 0.05). There was a significant interaction between educators (preschool vs elementary) and aspects of intervention (p < 0.05), with preschool educators rating developmentally appropriate intervent...
A computational procedure for the method of principal components

Ann-rowed correlation matrix may be thought of as an ellipsoid inn-dimensional space with its center at the origin. The principal components of the matrix are essentially the semi-axes of the ellipsoid. A direct and simple method of computing the lengths and directions of these semi-axes is presented.
Community Work: Theory and Practice, Edited by Philip Evens. Alistair Shornach, Oxford, England, 1974. $11.50. 148 pp

(1976). Community Work: Theory and Practice, Edited by Philip Evens. Alistair Shornach, Oxford, England, 1974. $11.50. 148 pp. Journal of Education for Social Work: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 120-121.
Correlation of Anti-HIV Potency with Lipophilicity in a Series of Cosalane Analogs Having Normal Alkenyl and Phosphodiester Chains as Cholestane Replacements.

In order to define the role of the cholestane moiety in the anti-HIV agent cosalane, a series of cosalane analogs was synthesized in which the cholestane ring system was replaced by normal alkenyl and phosphodiester substituents having varied chain lengths and lipophilicities. The compounds containing simple alkenyl substituents were found to be more potent as inhibitors of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 in cell culture than the phosphodiesters. In addition, the potencies of the alkene congeners correlated positively with chain length and lipophilicity of the alkene. The results indicate that the cholestane moiety of cosalane functions as a lipophilic accessory appendage to escort the dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore to a lipid environment.
Control under Uncertainty through Zone Logic

The manufacturing plant represents a complex environment, rife with uncertainty. The complexity arises from the multitude of interactions that must be considered when attempting to model most manufacturing processes. Important process variables can remain unidentified; or even if they are identified, their interactions may remain uncertain. This complexity and the uncertainties that are often its derivatives cause various inefficiencies when conventional control methods are employed. In an attempt to remedy this situation, an intelligent control methodology termed zone logic has been advanced. Various extensions to it have been proposed which are designed to increase its domain of applicability. This paper further extends zone logic into the area of stochastic controls by using concepts from Bayesian belief networks. An information theoretic analysis of an initial application of stochastic zone logic is performed. This analysis indicates that an object oriented computational scheme best matches the real-time performance requirements for knowledge-based control systems.
Photographic storage of AI information

As AI projects often use large amounts of storage, the development of high resolution for storing and retrieving data on photo-graphic film may in the future provide a contribution.
Cytotoxicity induced by papaverine hydrochloride in fungal cell systems.

Abstract Cunninghamella echinulata was used to assess the Cytotoxicity of papaverine (papaver), at concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3 M for 1–6 days. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and changes in alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratios were used as indices of Cytotoxicity. Leakage of LDH occurred at the 6th day with 1 × 10−3 M; AP activity and L/P ratios decreased after 6 days treatment with 1 × 10−4 M, after 1 day with 1 × 10−3 M, and after 3 days with 1 × 10−4 M, respectively. This study provides support for the use of fungal cell systems to evaluate the toxicity of drugs and chemicals.
Pleural fluid cytology: immunocytochemistry usage patterns and significance of nondefinitive diagnoses.

There has been little study of how pleural fluids are interpreted in actual practice, including the use of immunocytochemistry and nondefinitive diagnoses. Pleural fluid reports (n = 1,330) from 1991–1997 and the University of Iowa cancer database were retrospectively reviewed to determine the cytologic diagnosis, requisition form history, patient survival, and use of immunocytochemistry. Nondefinitive diagnoses were made in 11.3% of cases. Immunocytochemistry was used in 2.6% of cases and aided in making a definitive diagnosis in 71.9% of cases. For patients with a clinical suspicion of malignancy, the percentages of patients who had a nondefinitive, benign, and malignant diagnosis and died of disease were 81.6%, 94.0%, and 90.6%, respectively. In conclusion, if patients had a history of malignancy and a clinical suspicion of recurrence, patient survival was dismal, regardless of the cytologic diagnosis. Immunocytochemistry was used sparsely but often aided in making a definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2000;22:281–285. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cellular growth in specific nutritional deficiency states in rats. I. Iron deficiency anaemia in post-weanling period.

Summary The effect of iron deficiency anaemia on cellular growth and protein accretion in rats was studied using the parameters of organ weight, protein, DNA and RNA content. Three groups of rats were fed the same synthetic iron-deficient diet for a period of 143 days. Group I received the diet ad libitum, Group II was pair-fed with Group I but received supplemented iron and Group III received the diet ad libitum with supplemented iron. The following are the mean results obtained in Groups I, II and III: weight gain, 87 g, 86 g and 121 g respectively; haemoglobin 7.8 g% (w/v), 14.7 g% (w/v) and 15.2 g% (w/v) respectively; albumin 3.1 g% (w/v), 3.4 g% (w/v) respectively. Iron deficiency anaemia per se resulted in hypoplasia (total DNA decreased) and hypertrophy (protein: DNA ratio increased) of liver cells, hypertrophy of renal cells, and increased total DNA and reduced protein: DNA ratio in spleen. Iron deficiency anaemia also induced anorexia with resultant calorie malnutrition and this caused hypertrophy of cardiac and renal cells and hypertrophy (protein: DNA ratio decreased) in brain.
A numerical algorithm for solving a coupled problem of the air-sea-wave interaction

The ''partly coupled'' algorithm and numerical schemes are developed to solve a coupled model of air-sea-wave interaction, using the matrix and simple pivotal-condensation methods. The ''partly coupled'' algorithm is used to handle boundary conditions at the air-sea interface to allow for solving systems of the atmospheric and oceanic equations, as two separate systems. This ''partly coupled'' algorithm is simpler, more effective, and requires less computing efforts to solve an air-sea-wave coupled model compared to the ''fully coupled'' algorithm developed by Ly [1] for solving a coupled model of the baroclinic atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. In the numerical schemes, the buoyancy terms of dissipation and TKE budget equations are used as conditions for rearranging equation coefficient vectors to satisfy stability conditions. The mathematical coupled model of the air-sea-wave system is also presented. The model equations are written in the same form for both atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers, and include equations for momentum, the @k-@e turbulence scheme, and stratification in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. In the model, ocean wind-induced wave effects are modeled by using boundary conditions for the turbulent energy dissipation at the interface in a @k-@e turbulence closure of the coupled model. Numerical experiments are designed for various geostrophic winds, wave heights, and wave ages under neutral atmospheric stratification to demonstrate an example in solving a coupled model of the air-sea-wave system. The numerical simulations show that surface wind-induced waves have strong effects on the basic physical characteristics of the air-sea system.
Auscultatorily Silent Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Report of Two Cases with Normal Pulmonary Pressures

Two patients with silent patent ductus arteriosus on auscultation, proved by angiography, are reported. Unlike other reported cases pulmonary pressures were within normal limits, documented by cardiac catheterization. The murmurs of hemodynamically insignificant aortic valve disease were responsible for masking the murmur in one patient and ample subcutaneous tissue damped murmur transmission in the other. A plea for routine use of the hydrogen gas technique as a case-finding method is made because the natural history of such lesions is not known. The risk of infectious endocarditis remains to be determined. Hemodynamic ductal size, patient age, and pulmonary pressures are reasonable criteria for recommending surgical closure of a silent patent ductus, but the objective basis of such recommendations has yet to be clarified.
The electrical resistivity of lithium-6

The electrical resistivities of lithium-6 and lithium of natural isotopic composition have been studied between 4 $^\circ$K and room temperature. In addition, their absolute resistivities have been carefully compared at room temperature. These measurements show that the effect of ionic mass on electrical resistivity agrees with simple theoretical predictions, namely, that the properties of the conduction electrons in lithium do not depend on the mass of the ions, and that the characteristic lattice frequencies for the two pure isotopes are in the inverse ratio of the square roots of their ionic masses. A comparison with the specific heat results of Martin (1959, 1960), where the simple theory is found not to hold, indicates the possibility that anharmonic effects are present which affect the specific heat but not the electrical resistivity.
Prions beget prions: the [PIN+] mystery!

Abstract Prions are infectious proteins. [PIN + ] is a non-chromosomal genetic element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is necessary for the de novo induction of the [PSI + ] prion. Recently, [PIN + ] has been found to be itself a prion of the Rnq1 protein. [URE3], another yeast prion, can also promote [PSI + ] generation. Thus, one prion can promote the generation of another.
Perception of unmet basic needs as a predictor of physical functioning among community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: The present study examined the influence of participant’s perception that their basic needs were not being met on their physical functioning problems. The association between lower social economic status (SES), typically indexed by income and education, and physical disability has been clearly established. Although income and education are not easily modifiable among older adults, perceptions of resource deficits may be more easily influenced through interventions.Method: Among community-dwelling older adults (N = 4,162), the authors examined the influence of participants’ perception that their basic needs were not being met on physical functioning problems during a 10-year period using growth curve analyses.Results: Baseline problems meeting basic needs influenced the growth in physical functioning problems, even after controlling for more objective indices of SES and for health problems and behaviors.Discussion: Interventions focused on providing older adults with resources for meeting basic...
Central Artery/Tunnel Project Excavation Induced Ground Deformations

Estimate of deformations around urban excavations is a primary concern for designers, contractors, owners, and potentially affected third parties. Significant efforts have gone into the development of empirically based methods to estimate deformations relying on a large number of case histories. The construction of the deep excavations for the central artery/tunnel project provides valuable information on observed deformations due to the construction of these excavations. Lateral deformations and surface settlements for three construction contracts are collected and summarized in a form similar to published empirical charts. The stiff support system used in these braced excavation and the embedment of the wall into stiff strata control deformations to minimal levels. The data show that surface settlements, although small, extend farther away from the excavation than previously reported.
A soluble angiotensin II-binding protein from rabbit liver.

Abstract An angiotensin II-binding activity has been detected in the 100,000 × g supernatant fraction of rabbit liver. The total amount of binding activity in this fraction was substantially greater than that which could be solubilized from hepatic particles by treatment with digitonin. The crude soluble binding activity resembled the binding protein which had been purified from the particles in several respects. First, binding required the presence of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and bound angiotensin II was released by dithiothreitol. Second, the molecular weight of the responsible protein cross-linked to radioiodinated angiotensin II was about 75,000 in the reduced, denatured state. Finally, guinea pig antiserum raised against the binding protein that had been purified from particles reacted identically with the soluble and solubilized activities.
A re-examination of the thermodynamics of the proeutectoid ferrite transformation in Fe-C alloys

Three models of the statistical thermodynamics of interstitial solid solutions have been used to reevaluate the thermodynamics of the proeutectoid ferrite reaction. The models of Kaufman, Radcliffe and Cohen and of Lacher, Fowler and Guggenheim, which were em-ployed in a previous study of this type, together with the model recently developed by McLellan and Dunn are used in conjunction with the extensive experimental data of Ban-ya, Elliott and Chipman, of Lobo and Geiger and of Dunn and McLellan on the activities of carbon in austenite and ferrite. Application of the McLellan and Dunn model and that of Lacher, Fowler and Guggenheim to carbon in austenite yields activities of carbon which are numerically indistinguishable and activities of iron which are mathematically identi-cal. However, the new activity data have revealed important differences between the pres-ent calculations and those of Aaronson, Domian and Pound. An average carbon-carbon repulsion energy in austenite of 1925 cal/mole (8054 J/mole) was determined from the CO/CO2 data of Ban-yaet al. However, the C-C interaction energy in ferrite was found to be opposite in sign but exhibited erratic variations with temperature despite the large amount of activity data available. The γ/(α + γ) phase boundary calculated from the new data differs significantly, at lower temperatures, from the best curves reported by Aaron-sonet al. The calculateda/(α +γ) phase boundary also differs appreciably from the pre-vious results and exhibits only limited agreement with the experimentally determined phase boundary. Calculation of the free energy change associated with the proeutectoid ferrite reaction andT 0- composition curves differs little from previous results; internal agreement among the new sets of curves, however, is much improved.
Repurposing an old drug for a new use: glybenclamide exerts antiplatelet activity by interacting with the thromboxane A(2) receptor.

To investigate the potential antagonistic activity of the antidiabetic agent glybenclamide for the human platelet thromboxane A2 receptor (abbreviated as TPR). Platelets were obtained from healthy donors. Aggregation studies were performed in a model 700 aggregometry system. Radioactivity was counted in a Beckman LS 6000 liquid scintillation counter and calcium imaging was performed using an LS50B PerkinElmer Fluorescence Spectrometer. It was found that glybenclamide: 1) inhibited aggregation induced by the TPR agonist U46619 (IC50=2.3±0.31 μmol/L) and by the thromboxane A2 precursor arachidonic acid (IC50=2.6±0.24 μmol/L); 2) displaced SQ29,548 from its binding sites on platelets; 3) lacked any detectable effects on aggregation stimulated by ADP, or the thrombin receptor activating-peptide 4; 4) blocked calcium mobilization induced by U46619, but not by ADP; and 5) failed to raise cAMP levels. The findings indicate that glybenclamide exerts inhibitory effects on platelets by interacting with TPR. Thus, glybenclamide or a rationally designed derivative has the potential to serve as an antithrombotic agent.
Educational implications of technological innovations: a perspective

Unlike earlier technologies that extended physical prowess, the new information technology is an extension of the mind. While books and other recorded materials are forms of external memories, the new technology, which can combine audio, video, and data, and can process and transmit information, is an extension of the thinking power of the human brain. The new technologies will have a profound impact on education. Education and educational institutions are already undergoing change, in part as a result of the new technology, and in part as a result of other forces. Those who advocate new technology and seek to implement it in their institutions, must be mindful of the future agendas of their institutions and must be able to relate their personal objectives to those agendas. Ideas and requests will fare better in the competition for limited institutional resources if they are seen as a compatible and supportive means to an end, rather than as ends in themselves.
Flight Testing Small, Electric Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Flight testing methods are proposed to flnd the drag polar for small UAVs powered by electric motors with flxed-pitch propellers. Wind tunnel testing was used to characterize the propeller-motor e‐ciency. The drag polar was constructed using data from ∞ight tests at various airspeeds. The proposed methods are implemented for a small UAV. A drag polar was found for this aircraft with CDo equal to 0.021, K1 equal to 0.229, and K2 equal to -0.056.
Assessment of Electrostatic Interactions in Dense Colloidal Suspensions with Multiply Scattered Light

The electrostatic repulsive force between particles impacts the static structure of colloidal systems and dramatically hinders visible light scattering. In this investigation, we employed frequency domain photon migration (FDPM) to measure the isotropic scattering coefficients of dialyzed polystyrene latex suspensions at 687 and 828 nm as a function of ionic strengths between 1 and 120 mM NaCl equivalents. Measured isotropic scattering coefficients increased with decreasing ionic strength of the suspensions, suggesting that changes in electrostatic interactions can be evaluated in ensemble measurements of visible light scattering. At 120 mM NaCl equivalents, the isotropic scattering coefficients were accurately predicted by Mie theory with the Percus−Yevick (PY) polydisperse model to account for hard-sphere (HS) interactions. At lower ionic strengths, the isotropic scattering coefficients at varying colloidal volume fractions were regressed to scattering theory which incorporated the mean spherical approx...
Experimental Studies on the Adsorption of Two Surfactants on Solid−Aqueous Interfaces: Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics

A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to measure the adsorption from aqueous solutions of CTAB (cationic) and C12E6 (nonionic) surfactants on gold and silica surfaces. QCM-D allows for the determination of adsorption isotherms and also the monitoring of the dynamics of adsorption in real time. By considering the atomic-scale roughness of the solid surfaces and the surface area per head group at the air/water interface, our experiments indicate that at bulk concentrations above the critical micelle concentration adsorbed C12E6 forms a monolayer-like structure on both surfaces and CTAB yields a bilayer-like structure. Although our measurements do not allow us to discriminate between the morphology of the aggregates (i.e., between flat monolayers, hemicylinders, or hemispheres in the case of C12E6 and between flat bilayers, cylinders, or spheres in the case of CTAB), these results are particularly significant when compared to recent QCM-D data reported by Macakova et al. (Macakova, ...
Risk factors for traumatic injury findings on thoracic computed tomography among patients with blunt trauma having a normal chest radiograph.

Hypothesis We sought to identify risk factors that might predict acute traumatic injury findings on thoracic computed tomography (TCT) among patients having a normal initial chest radiograph (CR). Design In this retrospective analysis, Abbreviated Injury Score cutoffs were chosen to correspond with obvious physical examination findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors predicting acute traumatic injury findings. Setting Urban level I trauma center. Patients All patients with blunt trauma having both CR and TCT between July 1, 2005, and June 30, 2007. Patients with abnormalities on their CR were excluded. Main Outcome Measure Finding of any acute traumatic abnormality on TCT, despite a normal CR. Results A total of 2435 patients with blunt trauma were identified; 1744 (71.6%) had a normal initial CR, and 394 (22.6%) of these had acute traumatic findings on TCT. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that an abdominal Abbreviated Injury Score of 3 or higher (P = .001; odds ratio, 2.6), a pelvic or extremity Abbreviated Injury Score of 2 or higher (P Conclusion Among patients with a normal screening CR, reserving TCT for older male patients with abdominal or extremity blunt trauma seems safe and cost-effective.
Presentation of antigen, foreign major histocompatibility complex proteins and self by thymus cortical epithelium

IN mouse and man most peripheral T cells bear clonally variable receptors made up of α- and β-chains1 which bind ligands on target cells consisting of peptide fragments of foreign antigens, complexed with cell surface proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the individual2–4. In the thymus, developing T cells are selected to mature only if their receptors will be able to participate in self-MHC plus antigen recognition in the periphery5–8. This positive selection occurs in the presence of self-MHC, but In the apparent absence of antigen, leading to the paradoxical conclusion that developing thymocytes must be positively selected by engagement of their receptors and self-MHC alone, although thymocytes that react too well with self-MHC are eliminated9. To account for this, it has been suggested that MHC molecules in the thymus are not identical to those found elsewhere1. To test this and other hypotheses, we have examined the ability of the presumed selecting cells, those of the thymus cortical epithelium10,11, to present various MHC complexes to T cells. Our results indicate that MHC molecules on thymus epithelium are not always the same as those found elsewhere.
Degradation of unassembled α- and β-spectrin by distinct intracellular pathways: Regulation of spectrin topogenesis by β-spectrin degradation

Analysis of the turnover of unassembled proteins during the assembly of the erythroid membrane skeleton has revealed that alpha- and beta-spectrin, two structurally related, high molecular weight proteins, are degraded in a selective manner by two distinct intracellular pathways. Unassembled alpha-spectrin (t1/2 approximately equal to 2 hr) is degraded by a system with all the pharmacological characteristics of a membrane-bound, lysosomal-type pathway. This result illustrates for the first time the selective degradation of an intracellular short-lived, unassembled protein by a lysosomal pathway. In contrast, unassembled beta-spectrin is degraded extremely rapidly (t1/2 approximately equal to 15-20 min at 38 degrees C) by a soluble cytoplasmic system in an apparently ATP-independent manner. These observations suggest that the selective and rapid degradation of beta-spectrin serves an important regulatory role in the topogenesis of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton in the chicken erythrocyte.
Effect of Ethylene on the Uptake, Distribution, and Metabolism of Indoleacetic Acid-1-14C and -2-14C and Naphthaleneacetic Acid-1-14C

The effect of ethylene on the uptake, distribution, and metabolism of indoleacetic acid (IAA)-1-(14)C, IAA-2-(14)C, and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)-1-(14)C in cotton stem sections (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Stoneville 213) was studied. Stem sections excised from plants pretreated with ethylene for 15 hours transported significantly less (14)C-IAA and (14)C-NAA than control sections. Concomitant features of the reduction of (14)C-IAA transport were an increase in decarboxylation and a trend toward a reduction in total uptake. With (14)C-NAA, however, total uptake was significantly increased, and decarboxylation was unaffected.(14)C-IAA was rapidly converted to indoleacetylaspartic acid and many other metabolites in both control and ethylene-pretreated stem sections. Following transport, similar amounts of (14)C-IAA were recovered in the apical absorbing portion of the control and ethylene-pretreated sections. Significantly more (14)C-IAA metabolites, however, were recovered in this region of the ethylene-pretreated sections.Conversely, (14)C-NAA was metabolized more slowly than (14)C-IAA under identical experimental conditions, with the only major metabolite being naphthaleneacetylaspartic acid. Following transport the apical absorbing portion of ethylene-pretreated stem sections contained significantly more (14)C-NAA than the controls. These results suggested that the disruption of auxin transport by ethylene cannot be explained in terms of a more rapid metabolism of auxin in the treated sections. The increased (14)C-IAA metabolites in the absorbing portion of ethylene-pretreated sections appear to be the result, rather than the cause, of the ethylene-mediated disruption of IAA transport.
Teaching with Toys: Invigorating Your Style with Creativity

As outreach Educators we spend much time teaching different perinatal topics to nurses in many different settings, from rural to city and novice to expert. Integrating teaching methods and techniques while holding the interest and attention of nurses, and making complicated topics easy to visualize and understand, is a continual challenge.
WHAT KIND OF GOOD IS A KIND AND CARING HEART

The distinction between intrinsic value and extrinsic value is a standard topic in moral philosophy, and one which is generally considered to be of fundamental importance. However, the definitions of these terms that I am familiar with have some curious features which raise doubts in my mind about how certain things of value are to be classified. My aim in this essay is to alert others to the nature and significance of these definitional anomalies. I hope thereby to point the way to improved discussions of these terms in books and articles of the future. . The coordinated construction of the expressions "intrinsic value" and "extrinsic value" carries an implicit promise that this pair of terms divides the realm of value into two mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive parts. That is to say, even in the absence of explicit def'mitions someone who knows the English language is led to assume that any particular respect in which something is of value is either an instance of intrinsic value or an instance of extrinsic value, but is not an instance of both) As far as I know, every author who offers definitions of these terms takes it for granted that his definitions are consistent with the twin conditions of mutual exclusivity and joint exhaustiveness. Yet not every pair of definitions that I am familiar with is consistent with these conditions. In his book Morals and Ethics Carl Wellman writes:
Enzyme induction by phenobarbital in the Madagascar cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa.

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in microsomal and conjugative enzyme activities in three tissues of the adult Madagascar cockroach ( Gromphadorhina portentosa ) were studied following phenobarbital injection. 2. 2. Levels of microsomal aldrin epoxidase, dihydroisodrin hydroxylase, nitrobenzene reductase and cytochrome P-450 as well as that of a soluble phosphotransferase were enhanced in all tissues studied in phenobarbital-treated insects. 3. 3. Some of the advantages of using this species of insect for enzyme induction studies are discussed.
HTLV-I-Infected T Cells Evade the Antiproliferative Action of IFN-β

Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell clones enter the S-phase of the cell cycle in the absence of exogenous IL-2. The pathway by which HTLV-I activates the host T cell may circumvent normal immunoregulatory mechanisms and thus be important for the pathogenesis of HTLV-I-induced diseases. The early control of viral infections is in part mediated by interferons (IFNs), which possess both antiviral and antiproliferative functions. In order to investigate the antiproliferative effect of IFN-β on HTLV-I-induced T-cell activation, we generated T-cell clones from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis by single-cell cloning under limiting dilution conditions. Here we demonstrate that HTLV-I-induced T-cell proliferation is resistant to the antiproliferative action of IFN-β. Moreover, HTLV-I-infected T-cell clones continue to constitutively secrete IFN-γ in the presence of high doses of IFN-β. HTLV-I-infected T cells express normal levels of IFNAR1 and are able to respond to IFN-β by phosphorylation of STAT1 on Tyr 701 , although they display a relative increase in phosphorylation of the transcriptionally inactive STAT1β when compared with STAT1α. Thus, HTLV-I promotes cell cycle progression in G 1 by a mechanism that overcomes inhibitory signals, thereby circumventing an innate immune defense mechanism.
Higher-order frequency dependence of radiofrequency penetration in planar, cylindrical, and spherical models

Abstract In the last few years, solutions for radiofrequency penetration in various homogeneous geometric shapes have been presented. As imaging is pushed to very high fields, including those available in small-bore units, some further understanding of the effects of relative permittivity, ϵ r , and conductivity, σ, is required. To this end, we compare the RF field and power deposition out to fourth order in frequency, ω, for planar, cylindrical, and spherical shapes. The expected reduced power deposition as conductivity increases is easily described. Further, modifications to the equations for the spherical model resulting from several errors in the literature are given. Even for high fields, the expressions also reveal that for physiologic values of a and ϵ, the higher-order term in ω 4 can become small, leaving the usual first-order functional dependence on w, a, e, and geometry and, hence, a near-uniform RF penetration.
Hand proximity--not arm posture--alters vision near the hands.

Recent research has revealed remarkable changes in vision and cognition when participants place their hands near the stimuli that they are evaluating. In this paradigm, participants perform a task both with their hands on the sides of the monitor (near) and with their hands on their laps (far). However, that experimental setup has typically confounded hand position with body posture: When participants had their hands near the stimuli, they also always had their hands up around shoulder height. Thus, it is possible that the reported changes “near the hands” are instead artifacts of this posture. In the present study, participants performed a visual search task with their hands near and far from the stimuli. However, in the hands-near condition, participants rested their hands on a table, and in the hands-far condition, they had their arms raised. After eliminating the postural confound, we still found evidence for slower search rates near the hands—replicating earlier results and indicating that the hands’ proximity to the stimuli is truly what affects vision.
Healthcare resource burden of newly diagnosed epilepsy in the US low-income elderly population

Abstract Objective To assess the incremental and relative healthcare resource burden of new-onset epilepsy among the concurrently old and medically indigent. Design A retrospective cohort study employing Arizona Medicaid claims data years from 2008 through 2010. Setting The elderly poor; dually eligible beneficiaries. Subjects To qualify as a patient with newly diagnosed epilepsy, patients were required to (1) be at least 65 years of age; (2) be continuously enrolled in Arizona Medicaid for at least 12 months; (3) have seizure-related healthcare claims; (4) no claims with a diagnosis code of 345.x1; and (5) have a one-year clean period without evidence of epilepsy or seizure disorder. Measurements The outcome variables assessed included total monthly healthcare, inpatient, outpatient, and prescription costs to Arizona Medicaid, incidence rate of inpatient stay, and incidence rate of physician visits. Results A total of 472 newly diagnosed patients (15% age ≥ 85, 64% female) and 60,256 controls (22% age ≥ 85, 65% female) were identified for this analysis. Matched cases had 2.78, 3.82, 2.70, 1.55, 2.72, and 1.28 times greater monthly total healthcare costs (P Conclusions The elderly poor with newly diagnosed epilepsy in the US had significantly greater healthcare resource use compared with those without epilepsy.
Effects of dumbbell and elastic band training on physical function in older inner-city African-American women

Providing inner-city minorities with inexpensive exercise programs may be a means of reducing frailty and maintaining independent lifestyles in this population. To determine the efficacy of such a program, 22 African-American women aged 62-94 years were recruited from a senior center in the Wichita urban community. Sixteen women (age = 74.8 +/- 8.8 yr) participated in exercise training (3 days per week for 4 weeks) and 6 women (age = 74.7 +/- 4.5 yr) served as controls. Training consisted of chair-based exercises using elastic resistance bands (upper and lower body) and dumbbells (upper body). Elastic band training improved (p < 0.05) lower body strength (30-second chair stand, time for 5 stands) by approximately 20% and the combination of bands and dumbbell training improved upper body strength (30-second dumbbell curl) by 24%. Grip strength improved by 5%. Up-&-Go performance improved by 10% although balance and mobility exercises were not a fundamental element of the training program. Upper and lower body flexibility did not change. Changes were not observed for any variable in the control group. This study suggests that exercising with equipment that costs only a few dollars per participant improves upper and lower body fitness in older African-American women who live in an urban setting.
Detection and tracking of mobile events with dynamic signatures using mobile sensors

With the advances in sensing, communication, and computation, there is an increasing need to track mobile events such as air pollutant diffusion, toxic gas leakage, or wildfire spreading using mobile sensors such as robots. Lots of existing work use control theory to plan the path of mobile sensors by assuming that the event evolution is known in advance. This assumption has severely limited the applicability of existing approaches. In this work, we aim to design a detection and tracking algorithm that is capable of identifying multiple events with dynamic event signatures and providing event evolution history that may include event merge, split, create and destroy. Simulation results show that our approach can identify events with low event count difference, high event membership similarity, and accurate event evolution decisions, while using a reasonable number of tracking robots.
Power Mapping of Integrated Circuits Using AC-Based Thermography

Post-silicon power validation is an important step in integrated circuit design and fabrication flow. It involves runtime power characterization of a fabricated chip under realistic loadings. The most versatile procedure for post-silicon power characterization involves capturing the thermal emissions from the back of the die and inverting the captured images to get power estimates. This process faces two major challenges: the spatial heat diffusion effect, which blurs the underlying power map, and measurement noise in the thermal imaging system. In this paper, we propose to use ac-based thermography, where ac excitation signals are applied to the chip instead of dc excitation signals, to improve post-silicon power mapping. We show that using ac excitation reduces the impact of flicker noise and spatial heat diffusion, which translates to significant improvements in power mapping accuracy. We perform a number of experiments using a test chip that can be programmed to control spatial and temporal power consumption. We use the test chip to analyze the noise in our thermal imaging system, and to quantify the improvements in power mapping attained from the proposed ac-based methodology. We elucidate the impact of the ac excitation frequency on both the signal-to-noise ratio and power mapping accuracy. We also demonstrate the basic applicability of our technique on a dual-core processor.
Nonelective cardiac surgery in the elderly: is it justified?

Objective Elderly patients might be denied nonelective cardiac surgery because of the perception of poor outcomes and an unacceptable quality of life. In this study we evaluate long-term survival and quality of life in these patients. Methods From 1994 to 1999, 262 consecutive patients older than 80 years underwent urgent (n = 223) or emergent (n = 39) cardiac surgery. Of these patients, 160 (61%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, 64 (24%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting plus valve surgery, 17 (7%) underwent valve surgery, and 21 (8%) underwent aortic surgery. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and quality-of-life assessment were performed, and result were compared with age-adjusted population data. Risk factors for mortality were determined by using Cox regression. The utility of Society of Thoracic Surgeons and EuroSCORE risk scoring were assessed by using area under receiver operating curves. Results Early mortality was 11% (n = 29) overall, 7% (n = 16) in urgent cases, and 33% (n = 13) in emergent cases. Five-year survival was 50% (n = 132) overall, 53% (n = 105) in urgent cases, and 36% (n = 18) in emergent cases. There was no difference in 10-year survival between patients undergoing urgent surgical intervention and age-adjusted population data. Among survivors, quality-of-life measures were equivalent to those of the general elderly population. Risk factors for early mortality were age, emergent procedure, aortic procedure, bypass time, and postoperative complication (renal failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, pneumonia, and reoperation for bleeding). Risk factors for late mortality were peripheral vascular disease, emergent procedure, bypass time, and new renal failure. The EuroSCORE and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores were equivalent but only moderately predictive of mortality. Conclusions Long-term survival and quality of life after nonelective cardiac surgery can equal that of the general elderly population. Age alone should not disqualify a patient for urgent or emergent cardiac surgery.
Using redundancy to cope with failures in a delay tolerant network

We consider the problem of routing in a delay tolerant network (DTN) in the presence of path failures. Previous work on DTN routing has focused on using precisely known network dynamics, which does not account for message losses due to link failures, buffer overruns, path selection errors, unscheduled delays, or other problems. We show how to split, replicate, and erasure code message fragments over multiple delivery paths to optimize the probability of successful message delivery. We provide a formulation of this problem and solve it for two cases: a 0/1 (Bernoulli) path delivery model where messages are either fully lost or delivered, and a Gaussian path delivery model where only a fraction of a message may be delivered. Ideas from the modern portfolio theory literature are borrowed to solve the underlying optimization problem. Our approach is directly relevant to solving similar problems that arise in replica placement in distributed file systems and virtual node placement in DHTs. In three different simulated DTN scenarios covering a wide range of applications, we show the effectiveness of our approach in handling failures.