cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Orthopaedic Interest Groups in American Medical Schools.

BACKGROUND Orthopaedic interest groups (OIGs) are student-run organizations that can provide medical students with early exposure to orthopaedic surgery. OIGs can serve as venues for musculoskeletal education, clinical experiences, and mentorship to students with otherwise limited access to orthopaedics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and opportunities offered by OIGs. METHODS The websites of all allopathic medical schools in the United States were evaluated. Each website was examined for an established OIG and any pertinent information regarding shadowing, research opportunities, lectures, workshops, or opportunities to interact with residents. OIGs were categorized based on the number and type of offerings provided to their members. RESULTS Of the 141 allopathic medical school websites evaluated, 108 (108/141, 76%) had evidence of an orthopaedic interest group. Sixty-nine (69/108, 64%) of these schools described the opportunities provided. The most common opportunities were clinical skills workshops (41/69, 59%), lectures (32/69, 46%), and opportunities to interact with current residents (30/69, 43%). The majority of OIGs (39/69, 57%) offered fewer than half of the possible opportunities and only 6 groups (9%) offered all five opportunities. CONCLUSION The majority of allopathic medical schools in the United States have an OIG; however, the opportunities provided to orthopaedic interest group members vary widely from institution to institution.
VAPC-1 Targeted 64Cu-TP3805 kit preparation and evaluation for translational research in humans

6 Objectives Many neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) possess a neuroinflammatory component. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) is highly expressed under these neuroinflammatory conditions, and particularly in MS lesions. Currently the first-line treatment for relapse-remitting MS is FTY-720, which acts through the S1P1 receptor. Here, we explore our second-generation S1P1 specific F-18 labeled tracers for imaging in vivo in control and inflammatory animal disease models. Methods A library of fluorine-containing S1P1 specific compounds were prepared and screened in vitro. The corresponding tosylate precursors for three ligands having high potency and selectivity for S1P1 were synthesized, and radiolabeled with F-18 by nucleophilic displacement using MeCN as the solvent and K2CO3 as a base; followed by removal of protecting groups. These radiotracers were then explored in autoradiography, biodistribution, and PET imaging studies in rodent models of MS and normal non-human primates. Results Seventeen of the library ligands possessed a binding affinity 1000 nM affinity for S1P2/3. Three of the most promising candidates (IC50 S1P1 < 10 nM) were labeled with F-18. [18F]TZ35110 (IC50 S1P1 = 2.6 nM), [18F]TZ43113 (IC50 S1P1 = 9.8 nM) and [18F]TZ35104 (IC50 S1P1 = 6.7 nM) were prepared in good to excellent yield and high specific activity. Rodent biodistribution showed acceptable brain uptake with peak uptake (0.7% ID/g) occurring 1h post-injection. MicroPET studies of [18F]TZ43113 utilizing the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in female Lewis rats showed a 31% increased uptake in the lumbar spinal cord of EAE vs. sham, which was confirmed by post-PET immunohistochemical staining. Non-human primate imaging of [18F]TZ35104 show excellent brain uptake and washout. Conclusions A library of fluorine-containing selective S1P1 ligands was designed and synthesized. The leading compounds were successfully radiolabeled and explored in vivo for imaging S1P1. They demonstrated the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, as well as the ability to detect the increase of S1P1 expression in the EAE model of MS by microPET. These compounds represent promising PET tracers for imaging MS as well as other neuroinflammatory diseases, and represent a step forward for S1P1 imaging. Research Support:Supported by: NIH/NCI RO1 CA 157372 (MLT) and NIH/NCI 1S10OD012406 (MLT) and NIH/NCI S10RR23709 (MLT).
Congenital Optic Pit

Optic pits occur unilaterally more than 80% of the time. The incidence of optic nerve pits is 1:11,000. The optic pit probably has a sporadic hereditary pattern, although some investigators have suggested that it may be autosomal dominant. Characteristically, the pit is located on the inferotemporal aspect of the disc and may be associated with development of serous detachment of the macula. Optic pits can be slitlike, polygonal or oblong. They can be up to one diopter in depth and .3 disc diameter in width. The latter is usually seen in patients between the ages of 20 and 40. It has been postulated that the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid that has leaked around the nerve sheaths and settled under the macula. The disc abutting the pit has peripapillary atrophy. It is through this area that some investigators believe liquefied vitreous seeps under the macula to create the nonrhegmatogenous detachments. These detachments occur up to 40% of the time. Various visual field defects can be seen, such as an enlarged blind spot, nasal steps, arcuate scotomas, paracentral scotomas, centrocecal scotomas or generalized constriction. The fluorescein angiogram will demonstrate the serous maculopathy, if present. The optic pit exhibits a hyperfluoresence that fades in the late phases.
A Model for Cross-Platform Searches in Temporal Microarray Data

Even with the advance of next-generation sequencing, microarray technology still has its place in molecular biology. There is a large body of information available through a growing number of studies in public repositories like NCBI GEO and ArrayExpress. Software is now developed to allow for cross-platform comparison. An important part of temporal translational research is based on stimulus response studies and includes searching for particular time pattern like peaks in a set of given genes across studies and platforms. This study explores the feasibility based on a statistical model and temporal abstraction using our SPOT software.
Forensic science characterization of sand.

The occurrence of sand as a separate soil component is common in many desert and beach communities and in streambeds. When it occurs as physical evidence in a crime scene, it therefore becomes important to attempt to characterize sand from the environment from which it has originated.
A long-range RFID IC with on-chip ADC in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS

This 1 mm/sup 2/ wireless telemetry device recovers power and a reference clock from a 450 MHz incident RF signal and returns data as a binary phase shift keyed signal on a 900 MHz carrier. The device generates a 3 V/sub DC/ supply from the -12.3 dBm incident RF signal. This corresponds to an operating distance of more than 18 meters in the US. The transmit data includes the output of an on-chip 5-bit single-slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a 3-bit ID tag. The entire IC dissipates 4mW while active.
Overview: Generation of Gene Knockout Mice

The technique of gene targeting allows for the introduction of engineered genetic mutations into a mouse at a determined genomic locus. The process of generating mouse models with targeted mutations was developed through both the discovery of homologous recombination and the isolation of murine embryonic stem cells (ES cells). Homologous recombination is a DNA repair mechanism that is employed in gene targeting to insert a designed mutation into the homologous genetic locus. Targeted homologous recombination can be performed in murine ES cells through electroporation of a targeting construct. These ES cells are totipotent and, when injected into a mouse blastocyst, they can differentiate into all cell types of a chimeric mouse. A chimeric mouse harboring cells derived from the targeted ES cell clone can then generate a whole mouse containing the desired targeted mutation. The initial step for the generation of a mouse with a targeted mutation is the construction of an efficient targeting vector that will be introduced into the ES cells.
Correlation of cell surface alterations with contractile response in laser microbeam irradiated myocardial cells: A scanning electron microscope study

Abstract The contractile behavior and surface morphology of cultured neonatal rat heart cells were examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following laser irradiation of single mitochondria. Irradiation always resulted in damage to the target mitochondrion (as determined by phase microscopy) and was associated with one of three contractile states, each of which correlated with a specific surface morphology over the irradiated mitochondrion. The results demonstrate that: (1) changes in the contractile activity of the cell correlate directly with morphological changes in the target organelle and in the membrane overlying the target organelle; (2) when the contractile activity of the cell remains unchanged, the morphology of the membrane overlying the target organelle appears normal via SEM even though the organelle is visibly damaged as judged by phase contrast microscopy; (3) the correlation between contractile behavior and surface morphology was the same regardless of which cell surface the laser beam passed through when entering the cell (i.e., through the cell surface directly apposed to the glass or through the free cell surface directly exposed to the medium); (4) the mitochondrial lesions could be compared to lesions made in dried red blood cells irradiated from either surface. (Again the lesions appeared identical regardless of the cell surface through which the laser beam entered.) These observations suggest that laser damage is produced equally in all directions from the focal point.
Performance characterization of the 64-bit x86 architecture from compiler optimizations' perspective

Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) and AMD 64-bit architecture (AMD64) are emerging 64-bit x86 architectures that are fully x86 compatible. Compared with the 32-bit x86 architecture, the 64-bit x86 architectures cater some new features to applications. For instance, applications can address 64 bits of virtual memory space, perform operations on 64-bit-wide operands, get access to 16 general-purpose registers (GPRs) and 16 extended multi-media (XMM) registers, and use a register-based argument passing convention. In this paper, we investigate the performance impacts of these new features from compiler optimizations' standpoint. Our research compiler is based on the Intel Fortran/C++ production compiler, and our experiments are conducted on the SPEC2000 benchmark suite. Results show that for 64-bit-wide pointer and long data types, several SPEC2000 C benchmarks are slowed down by more than 20%, which is mainly due to the enlarged memory footprint. To evaluate the performance potential of 64-bit x86 architectures, we designed and implemented the LP32 code model such that the sizes of pointer and long are 32 bits. Our experiments demonstrate that on average the LP32 code model speeds up the SPEC2000 C benchmarks by 13.4%. For the register-based argument passing convention, our experiments show that the performance gain is less than 1% because of the aggressive function inlining optimization. Finally, we observe that using 16 GPRs and 16 XMM registers significantly outperforms the scenario when only 8 GPRs and 8 XMM registers are used. However, our results also show that using 12 GPRs and 12 XMM registers can achieve as competitive performance as employing 16 GPRs and 16 XMM registers.
THEORY OF STRONGLY-CORRELATED PURE ION PLASMA IN PENNING TRAPS*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses computer simulations that predict correlation behavior in the ion clouds that is quite different from that of the homogeneous one-component plasma. Rather than undergoing a simple first-order transition from a liquid to a bcc crystal, the system passes through an intermediate regime rather like the smectic phase of a liquid crystal in which the ion cloud forms concentric spheroidal shells. Ions are confined to the shells but move randomly within each shell. At larger Γ values, this diffusion is suppressed and a distorted 2-D hexagonal lattice forms in each shell. Some of these properties can be understood by means of a simple slab model of the ion cloud. The model provides a simple first estimate for the size of system required before the results of the infinite homogeneous computer calculations should apply to the pure ion crystal.
HoP: Pigeon-Assisted Forwarding in Partitioned Wireless Networks

Due to the mobility, limited radio range and low density of mobile devices, the mobile ad-hocand sensor networks are vulnerable to be partitioned into a group of clusters. In our work, we propose using a set of messengers (called pigeons) that relay messages among clusters. Each cluster in networks owns multiple dedicated pigeons moving around the plane to deliver messages to their destinations. We name this form as homing-pigeon (HoP) based messaging scheme. The proposed scheme is different from the preceding work such as Message Ferry and Data Mules that it is a dedicated messenger scheme. Our goal is to exploit an optimized pigeon scheduling algorithm that can promote cooperation among multi-pigeons, enhance the system performance and reduce the cost. Using simulations, we evaluate the algorithms under different scenarios. The results can be used for better understanding the impact of algorithms on system performance.
Design Principles for Multi-Hop Wavelength and Time Division Multiplexed Optical Passive Star Networks

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) has been shown to be one of the most promising ways to exploit the enormous bandwidth of a single mode optical fiber. Networks employing WDM are commonly based on optical passive star couplers. The major cost and limitations of such networks lie in the interface (both transmitters and receivers) providing optical-electronic conversion between stations and communication media. Based on current technology, interfaces based on fast tunable devices are still in the infant stage of development at this time. Commercially available fixed wavelength devices are much cheaper and reliable. With fixed wavelength device in each station, several stations may transmit and receive on the same wavelength. Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) is often employed for those stations accessing the same wavelength. The resulting networks, called multi-hop Wavelength-and Time-Division Multiplexed (WTDM) Networks, may require a multi-hop path to deliver packets between two stations. In this paper we study multi-hop WTDM networks where each station has only one fixed wavelength transmitter and one fixed wavelength receiver. We propose a graph model, called a Receiving Graph Model, to represent these networks such that their inherent properties can be easily understood and alternative designs can be compared. Furthermore, we discuss several design principles and theoretical performance limitations of such networks.
The Analysis of Coal with the Laser Mass Spectrometer

The laser mass spectrometer has been used to pyrolyze petrographic constituents of coal and record the mass spectrum of the pyrolysis products thus produced. The laser mass spectrometer has been described in detail elsewhere. (1,2) Essentially, it consists of a small, pulsed ruby laser (max. output energy 0.1 J) whose output can be focused on the surface of a coal target located in the ionization chamber of a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. A modified microscope optical system is used to focus the laser; irradiated targets can be as small as 10 μm in diameter. Since the target to be irradiated can be viewed through the same microscope system, selected petrographic areas of the coal sample can be pyrolyzed in situ. The spectra of these pyrolysis products can be used to study the chemical composition and structure of coal, or, even more simply, can be used as “fingerprints” to differentiate between the various heterogeneous constituents of coal.
Lighting Up the Force: Investigating Mechanisms of Mechanotransduction Using Fluorescent Tension Probes

The ability of cells to sense the physical nature of their surroundings is critical to the survival of multicellular organisms. Cellular response to physical cues from adjacent cells and the extracellular matrix leads to a dynamic cycle in which cells respond by remodeling their local microenvironment, fine-tuning cell stiffness, polarity, and shape. Mechanical regulation is important in cellular development, normal morphogenesis, and wound healing. The mechanisms by which these finely balanced mechanotransduction events occur, however, are not well understood. In large part, this is due to the limited availability of tools to study molecular mechanotransduction events in live cells. Several classes of molecular tension probes have been recently developed which are rapidly transforming the study of mechanotransduction. Molecular tension probes are primarily based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and report on piconewton scale tension events in live cells. In this minireview, we describe the two main classes of tension probes, genetically encoded tension sensors and immobilized tension sensors, and discuss the advantages and limitations of each type. We discuss future opportunities to address major biological questions and outline the challenges facing the next generation of molecular tension probes.
Photodissociation of Na+2

Abstract Calculations are presented of the effective cross sections for the photodissociation of Na + 2 ions in vibrational levels populated by absorption from the B 1 Π u state of Na 2 .
Limbic encephalitis and variants related to neuronal cell membrane autoantigens

Limbic encephalitis refers to an inflammatory process involving the hippocampi. amygdala and less frequently frontobasal and insular regions. This disorder used to be considered extremely rare, invariably associated with cancer, and unresponsive to treatment. However, recent studies suggest that limbic encephalitis is more frequent than it was previously thought, and a substantial number of patients may recover. This is due in part to the development of clinical diagnostic criteria and identification of antibodies directed against two broad categories of antigens: (1) intracellular or classical paraneoplastic antigens, including Hu, Ma2, and CV2 CRMP5, among others, and (2) cell surface antigens including, voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and others expressed in the neuropil of the hippocampus. While the disorders related to the first category of antibodies associate with cancer (lung, testis and other), prominent brain infiltrates of T-cells, and limited response to treatment, the disorders related to the second category of antibodies associate with other tumors (thymoma. teratoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma), appear to be antibody-mediated, and respond better to immunotherapy. Of particular interest in the later group is the disorder that associates with antibodies to extracellular epitopes of NR1/NR2 heteromers of the NMDA receptor. Patients with this syndrome may present as limbic encephalitis but more frequently manifest severe psychiatric symptoms, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic instability or hypoventilation. In all, the study of these disorders provides a link between immunologic processes and neuronal events involved in memory, cognition, seizures, and neuronal degeneration.
A first-generation haplotype map of maize

Maize is an important crop species of high genetic diversity. We identified and genotyped several million sequence polymorphisms among 27 diverse maize inbred lines and discovered that the genome was characterized by highly divergent haplotypes and showed 10- to 30-fold variation in recombination rates. Most chromosomes have pericentromeric regions with highly suppressed recombination that appear to have influenced the effectiveness of selection during maize inbred development and may be a major component of heterosis. We found hundreds of selective sweeps and highly differentiated regions that probably contain loci that are key to geographic adaptation. This survey of genetic diversity provides a foundation for uniting breeding efforts across the world and for dissecting complex traits through genome-wide association studies.
An anti‐deficit achievement framework for research on students of color in STEM

A framework adapted from the National Black Male College Achievement Study is introduced in this chapter as a lens through which to explore the enablers of student achievement in STEM. The chapter places an emphasis on reframing deficit-oriented research questions regarding students of color and their trajectories in STEM fields.
The nature of crosslinking in collagens from mineralized tissues.

Abstract Following reduction with sodium borotritide, bone and dentine collagens are found to contain only a few labelled substances, in contrast with the soft tissue collagens. The reduced aldehydes, ϵ-hydroxynorleucine (HNL) and σ, ϵ-dihydroxynorleucine (DHNL) are abundant in the mineralized collagens and their relative proportions differ in fetal and mature tissues. The reduced crosslinks, σ-hydroxylysinonor leucine (HLNL) and σ, σ-dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) together account for a major portion of the radioactivity and their relative abundance varies with age. In contrast with the results of others, we find that DHLNL is the major reducible crosslink of mineralized collagens, comprising up to 60% of the total radioactivity. Moreover, reduction with NaBD4 shows that a portion of the Schiff base precursor of DHLNL becomes reduced in vivo. The marked insolubility of bone and dentine collagens may, in part, be attributed to such in vivo reduction.
The role of an adherent cell in the production of monocyte chemotactic factor

The functional role of an adherent cell in assisting a variety of in vitro immune responses is well established. An assay for human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro was utilized as a means of investigating the role of adherent cells in the production of the monocyte chemotactic factor that is produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes upon stimulation with Concanavalin A. Depletion of a population of adherent cells by passage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells through a Sephadex G-10 column rendered the latter incapable of producing monocyte chemotactic factor. The requirement for adherent cells in the production of a "lymphokine" is in agreement with many previous works of a similar nature performed in other experimental systems.
Mcplib: a collection of nonlinear mixed complementarity problems

The origins and some motivational details of a collection of nonlinear mixed complementarity problems are given. This collection serves two purposes. Firstly, it gives a uniform basis for testing currently available and new algorithms for mixed complementarity problems. Function and Jacobian evaluations for the resulting problems are provided via a GAMS interface, making thorough testing of algorithms on practical complementarity problems possible. Secondly, it gives examples of how to formulate many popular problem formats as mixed complementarity problems and how to describe the resulting problems in GAMS format. We demonstrate the ease and power of formulating practical models in the MCP format. Given these examples, it is hoped that this collection will grow to include many problems that test complementarity algorithms more fully. The collection is available by anonymous ftp. Computational results using the PATH solver covering all of these problems are described
Investigating Hispanic/Latino perceptions about colorectal cancer screening: a community-based approach to effective message design.

Abstract Objective The Hispanic/Latino population has been documented as having the lowest colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates in the United States, putting this group at-risk for late-stage presentation of disease. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding CRC screening to inform the development of messages that promote screening among Hispanic/Latino patients. Methods In-person structured interviews with Spanish-speaking adults age 50–80 at two clinics and a senior center in a Hispanic/Latino community ( N = 234). Results Most (67.1%) participants had no more than an eighth-grade education and 63.3% reported their reading ability as less than “very good.” Only 18.4% of participants correctly identified the colon on a diagram; 19.2% correctly described at least one aspect of a polyp. Less than half of the participants perceived themselves as at-risk for CRC, and less than one-third knew about any of the standard screening tests. After hearing descriptions of the screening tests, participants perceived stool cards as easier, safer, less painful, less embarrassing, and less scary than endoscopy ( p Conclusion Assessing knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences in the community of interest is a promising approach for developing effective targeted health messages. Practice implications Messages to increase CRC screening knowledge and behavior in the Hispanic/Latino community should address risk factors, identify relevant anatomy, explain polyps and their asymptomatic presentation, and clearly describe options.
Role of urethral bulking agents in epispadias-exstrophy complex patients.

Objective: Injection of urethral bulking agents (UBA) has been used to increase bladder capacity prior to bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) or as an adjuvant therapy following BNR to improve continence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effec- tiveness of urethral injections in the exstrophy population. Materials and methods: A review was performed of patient characteristics, bladder capacity, and continence status of all patients with the exstrophyeepispadias complex who underwent injection of UBA between 1980 and 2008. Results: Among 66 patients with a median follow-up of 8 years, 41 underwent injections prior to BNR, and 25 had injections after BNR. Only 24% of patients who underwent injections prior to BNR were continent on last follow-up. Among 25 patients who underwent BNR prior to injec- tion(s), 16 were partially continent and nine were incontinent prior to first injection. Patients who were partially continent attained social continence (dry interval greater than 3 h) at a significantly higher rate than those who were incontinent (63% vs. 13%, p Z 0.047). No patient with cloacal exstrophy in either group attained urethral continence. Conclusion: UBAs do not appear to have a role prior to BNR. However, they may provide benefit when given adjunctively following BNR in patients who are partially continent. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Journal of Pediatric Urology Company.
A stochastic model of the HIV epidemic involving both sexual contact and IV drug use

In this paper we develop a stochastic model for the HIV epidemic involving both sexual contact and IV drug use by taking into account the dynamic of the HIV epidemic. The model is formulated in terms of the chain multi-nomial model which provides a mechanism by means of which one may derive the moments of the numbers of S people, L people, I people and A people. By using the model we show by Monte Carlo studies that the randomness of the number of different partners per unit time seem to have little effects on the HIV epidemic if the expected number of different partners per unit time is not very small (say >= 0.5). However, the numerical results indicate clearly that in almost all the cases the results of the deterministic model provide poor approximation to the corresponding expected numbers of the stochastic model.
THE SANITARY REGULATION OF THE OYSTER INDUSTRY.

There are two distinct questions involved in any attempt to regulate the sanitary quality of shellfish. First, the question of protection of the public against shellfish which are actually dangerous, that is, those which may contain disease germs and therefore may be the cause of the spread of disease; and second, the question of the protection of the public against shellfish which are merely dirty, which, in the language of the United States Pure Food ruling, consist "in whole or in part of a filthy, decomposed or putrid animal or vegetable substance," which is interpreted as meaning shellfish taken from water which contains sewage material even though this material has been so diluted ordisinfected that it carries no disease-producing organisms. I believe that we should separate these two ideas in our minds very clearly. For I am sure that we are all of the same mind in regard to the first question, but in regard to the second, we may differ in our interpretation of what is meant by '"dirty." And when it comes to the enactment of laws which shall properly regulate these matters we should certainly consider the distinction between dantgerous atnd dirty. For what is dangerous should certainly be prohibited, but wvhere between the different degrees of dirtiness shall we draw the line showing w-hich shoukl be used as food and which should not? In regard to the first of these questions, the protection of the public health, we have some accurate scientific data on which to base our opinions. Let me briefly review them. Many shellfish, oysters in particular, are often eaten raw. These shellfish are sometimes taken from sewage-polluted waters and contain therefore the organiisms which are present in sewage. These organisms may in certain cases be pathogenic. As long ago as 1880 it was suspected that shellfish might occasionally be the cause of epidemics of typhoid fever. Observations have been continued since then and now we have on record several well-authenticated cases where typhoid fever epidemics have been traced to the eating of raw polluted shellfish. But we must consider all the facts in these cases and be perfectly fair in otur conclusions. We must not condemn altogether the eating of raw shellfish, thus denying oturselves the enjoyment of a most delectable delicacy, and at the same time doing damage to a very large industry, until all the evidence is in. For as far as our knowledge goes at present no epidemics thus far studied have been due to eating shellfish growm in polluted waters, but in every case to eating shellfish removed from their growing beds and "floated," "fattened" or "freshenied( in polluted waters. The reason for this is apparent at once. Beds oni which oysters are grown are rarely situated directly at the mouths of sewers. While the presenice of a little sevage in the water may hasten the growth of oysters, any considerable amount of it exhausts 'the oxygen, deposits a smothering mud
Chronic treatment with metoclopramide induces behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine and enhances specific binding of 3H-spiroperidol to rat striata

Abstract Metoclopramide is a dopamine (DA) antagonist with a potency and pharmacologic profile similar to chlorpromazine, but is paradoxical insofar as it is virtually inactive as an antagonist of DA-stimulated adenylate cyclase and has an extremely low affinity for DA/neuroleptic binding sites in membranes prepared from DA-rich brain regions. Chronic administration of metoclopramide to rats induced behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine which was associated with enhanced specific binding of 3 H-spiroperidol to striatal membranes. These changes were seen when metoclopramide was administered to rats in their drinking water for 39 days, but not when it was given i.p. once daily for 14 days. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications regarding the validity of currently used receptor models as predictors of DA antagonism as well as the implicit assumption that DA/neuroleptic binding sites truly represent functionally relevant DA receptors.
Stabilization of Disease after Targeted Therapy in a Thymic Carcinoma with KIT Mutation Detected by Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing

Precision medicine uses individually determined genomic information to guide treatment in cancer and other diseases. We have implemented a clinical genomics assay that uses targeted next-generation sequencing of 25 cancer-related genes to guide the use of targeted therapies in diverse malignancies. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of thymic origin, with disease progression after standard treatment. Targeted tumor sequencing revealed the presence of a KIT codon 579 deletion (p.D579del). This specific mutation has not previously been associated with thymic tumors, but has been reported in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and has been associated with response to imatinib. Imatinib therapy was instituted for and resulted in stabilization of disease. This case illustrates the potential of clinical next-generation sequencing to open unexpected avenues for treatment and thereby improve patient outcomes.
Autogeneration of near-wall vortical structures in channel flow

The evolution of a symmetric pair of quasistreamwise vortical structures extracted from the two‐point correlation tensor of turbulent channel flow data by a linear stochastic estimation procedure is studied through direct numerical simulation. It is observed that an Ω‐shaped hairpin vortex is formed quickly from this initial structure. Sufficiently strong hairpin vortices are observed to generate a hierarchy of secondary hairpin vortices, and the mechanism of their creation closely resembles the formation of the primary hairpin vortex. New streamwise vortices are also generated, and this process provides a means for a few vortical disturbances of adequate strength to reproduce themselves and eventually populate the near‐wall layer.
Identifying critical defining characteristics of nursing diagnoses using magnitude estimation scaling

The question addressed in this study was: Can the critical defining characteristics (CDCs) of nursing diagnoses be determined by magnitude estimation scaling (MES)? MES was used by having 32 nurse subjects numerically estimate the magnitude of each characteristic of anxiety and of sleep pattern disturbance on each of three concept dimensions: importance, frequency, and competency. Geometric means of the stimuli for each of the concept dimensions were computed and correlated with each other. Strong correlations between the characteristics and the concept dimensions were obtained. It was concluded that MES is a useful technique for identifying the CDCs and operational definitions of nursing diagnoses.
Proton Fourier transform nmr spectroscopy in H2O solutions on a JEOL PFT-100. The WEFT, SWEFT, and VASE pulse sequences

Abstract An inexpensive pulse generating circuit which adds a pulse to the pulse train generated by the JEOL DP-1 pulse programmer is described. This circuit allows for the generation of a 180°−τ−90° pulse sequence with a continuously variable interval (τ). The 180°−τ−90° pulse sequence has been used to record the 100-MHz proton Fourier transform NMR spectrum of 5 × 10−4 M pdC-dG in an H2O solution. The use of a 180°−τ1−180°−τ2−90° (SWEFT) pulse sequence for the simultaneous elimination of any two resonances is illustrated. A variable angle signal elimination (VASE) pulse sequence that allows for the use of a minimum interval between the pulses is discussed. An inexpensive circuit for the generation of a homogeneity spoiling pulse is also presented.
Association between Leaf Beetles and Meadow Goldenrods (Solidago spp.) in Central New York

The chrysomelid fauna associated with meadow goldenrods ( Solidago spp.) in central New York is composed of 9 specialists (species that feed only on goldenrods and asters), 4 generalists, and 7 “incidentals.” This diverse fauna of goldenrod feeders is the outcome of independent evolution in several taxa. The food habits, seasonal abundance, and life histories of the common beetles in the association are described. Two specialists, Trirhabda virgata LeConte and T. borealis Blake, account for 86% of all beetles collected in weekly samples taken over 3 growing seasons. Ovipositing Ophraella conferta (LeConte) and Microrhopala vittata (Fabr.) discriminate against s. graminifolia, but use other goldenrods (S. altissima, S. gigantea, S. juncea, and S. rugosa) nonpreferentially. The unique phenology and growth form of S. juncea may prevent it from being more fully utilized by Exema canadensis Pierce. During the 3-yr study, densities of T. virgata, T. borealis, and O. conferta increased, while those of Nodonota margaretae Schultz and Paria thoracica (Melsheimer) declined.
Monte Carlo Simulation and Well Testing Applied in Evaluating Reservoir Properties in a Deforming Longwall Overburden

During longwall mining, the intact strata start to deform and fracture as the mining face progresses. Gob gas ventholes (GGVs) are drilled from the surface over a longwall panel before mining to capture methane from the fractured zone. Due to fracturing and bedding-plane separations, reservoir properties change extensively. This poses a major problem for venthole designers and methane control engineers and may become a safety and health concern for underground work force due to unexpected methane emissions: it is difficult to predict the location of major strata separations and their temporal magnitudes to best locate the ventholes. Measurements obtained at different times during longwall mining may not be helpful for this purpose as strata deformation is a dynamic process and the results from different tests may not be lumped together to analyze the data collectively. This article uses a combination of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and well testing methods to analyze multiple data sets obtained from a GGV at different longwall face locations. The aim was to determine the magnitude of average strata separation before conducting well test analyses to determine the properties of a deformed reservoir. MC simulation was used to process cross-correlated and uncertain data distributions obtained from measurements to generate a set of normally distributed values for each data type. These values were further used to project the amount of strata separation to the timing of well test. Finally, well-test analyses were used to interpret test data and to evaluate reservoir properties.
A `finite infinity' version of topological censorship

A local version of the topological censorship theorem of Friedman, Schleich and Witt is obtained. The assumption of asymptotic flatness, in the sense of admitting a suitably well behaved null infinity, is replaced by a much milder approximate asymptotic flatness condition along the lines of Ellis' notion of finite infinity.
The Aharonov-Bohm Effect in Single Loops of Silver and Aluminum

We have studied the effect of magnetic scattering on the Aharonov-Bohm effect in single loops of Ag. We find that adding magnetic impurities suppresses weak localization oscillations of period h/2e, but leaves the h/e oscillations unaffected. We also observe h/e oscillations in Al loops.
Analytical Modeling and Design Validation of Posttensioned Precast Concrete Coupling Beams for Seismic Regions

This paper provides an experimental validation on the analytical modeling and design of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete coupling beams. Previous test results from a series of floor-level coupling beam subassembly specimens are compared with the predicted results from a fiber-element analytical model. The test results are also used to validate an idealized coupling beam end moment versus chord rotation relationship that was developed as a design tool following basic principles of equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive relationships. Based on the experimental and analytical comparisons, the paper presents a seismic design approach to achieve the desired lateral strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity in unbonded posttensioned precast coupling beams.
Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of atoms and quadrupolar diatomic molecules from computer simulation

Abstract This paper reports results obtained from isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics simulations of binary fluid mixtures composed of one-center Lennard-Jones atoms and two-center Lennard-Jones with point quadrupole molecules. These simulation results are important to investigate the effects of molecular elongation and quadrupole moment on excess properties and to test statistical theories of highly nonideal molecular fluid mixtures. Molecular size and energy parameters of the components are kept to be the same. We show how thermodynamic properties respond to changes in both molecular elongation and quadrupole moment. Simulations are performed over a range of molecular elongation 0 ≤ l d = L σ d ≤ 0.6 and quadrupole moment 0 ≤ q d = Q (e a σ a 5 ) 1 2 ≤ 2.5 . Results are reported for mixture density, internal energy, excess Gibbs free energy, excess enthalpy and excess volume of 17 equimolar mixtures at a temperature, k b T e a = 0.92 , and pressure, Pσ a 3 e a = 0.5 . Excess Gibbs free energy has been determined accurately using the highly reliable coupling parameter charging method. It has been found that excess properties increase as the quadrupole moment increases for a fixed molecular elongation. When the both molecular elongation and quadrupole moment increase simultaneously, there is a strong competition between their effects on the excess properties.
A Biomechanical Analysis of the Squeeze Test for Sprains of the Syndesmotic Ligaments of the Ankle

The "squeeze test" is a clinical test for detecting "stable" syndesmosis injuries. The test is positive when proximal compression of the calf produces pain in the area of the distal tibiofibular and interosseous ligaments. The purpose of this study was to examine what fibular movement, if any, occurs at the level of the ankle mortise when compression is applied proximally. A differential variable reluctance transducer was inserted into the origin and insertion of the anterior tibiofibular ligaments of fresh cadaver human lower limbs which had been prepared to simulate the clinical conditions of the squeeze test. Compression was applied both manually and with a specially designed clamp. Squeezing the calf caused separation of the distal fibula and tibia.
Development of a standard reference material for Cr(VI) in contaminated soil

Over the last several decades, considerable contamination by hexavalent chromium has resulted from the land disposal of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR). COPR contains a number of hexavalent chromium-bearing compounds that were produced in high temperature industrial processes. Concern over the carcinogenic potential of this chromium species, and its environmental mobility, has resulted in efforts to remediate these waste sites. To provide support to analytical measurements of hexavalent chromium, a candidate National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material® (SRM 2701), having a hexavalent chromium content of approximately 500 mg kg−1, has been developed using material collected from a waste site in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. The collection, processing, preparation and preliminary physico–chemical characterization of the material are discussed. A two-phase multi-laboratory testing study was carried out to provide data on material homogeneity and to assess the stability of the material over the duration of the study. The study was designed to incorporate several United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) determinative methods for hexavalent chromium, including Method 6800 which is based on speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS), an approach which can account for chromium species inter-conversion during the extraction and measurement sequence.
Classification of human motions

Stages in the development of the classification for human motions are reviewed from the 17th century up to the present day, with special emphasis on the discrete events approach to the classification of human motions as advocated by the Gilbreths. It is put forward that this approach is inappropriate both from the psychological and the physiological view point; while at the same time it is emphasized that, although the therblig approach contributed significantly to the understanding of human motions and skills, nevertheless it may be more harmful than beneficial in the long run. The additive properties of the discrete events approach to the analysis of human motions are considered. Results of the investigations reported here suggest that, in the performance of repetitive tasks of the nature described here, the therblig times of the task are independent units within a work cycle, when analysed by means of 100 cycles. Thus, the times are additive in the mathematical sense, but when the same task is repeated...
A Recalibration of the Diffraction Efficiency of the Transmission Grating Spectrometers on EXOSAT

We describe a recalibration of the diffraction efficiency of the transmission gratings on EXOSAT. This recalibration is required in order to quantitatively interpret the soft X-ray spectra obtained with these instruments on Sco X-1. Because this source is extremely bright, the spectra are sensitive enough to reveal residual systematic effects in the grating efficiency. Specifically, we observe short-wavelength radiation dispersed into high (m > 5) spectral orders, which is usually too weak to be detectable. We develop a simple model for the diffraction efficiency and briefly discuss some properties of the efficiency, applicable to X-ray transmission gratings in general. We explore the effect of a new degree of freedom, the cross-sectional shape of the grating bars. We then use a set of preflight calibration spectra to constrain the free parameters of the model. The new efficiency curves are in satisfactory agreement with the calibration data and quantitatively account for the anomalies seen in the spectrum of Sco X-1. We also briefly discuss an empirical zero-order profile shape, appropriate for the analysis of spectra of very bright sources.
The cleavage in vitro of the cross-links in gelatin by β-aminopropionitrile

Abstract The cross-links between the α subunits in β gelatin were cleaved by incubation in vitro with the lathyrogen β-amino propionitrile at neural pH and 38°. The β 11 cross-link appeared to be more labile than that of β 12 . The evidence obtained is consistent with a single cross-link between the α chains of β 12 gelatin. Acrylamide-gel electrophoresis has been used for the quantitative analysis of gelatin components and is compared with other analytical methods.
Remote light energy harvesting and actuation using shape memory alloy - Piezoelectric hybrid transducer

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit a memory effect which causes the alloy to return to its original shape when heated beyond the transformation temperature. In this study, we show that SMA can be heated remotely by laser and the resulting deformation can be converted into electricity through a piezoelectric bimorph. In addition, the laser actuated SMA deformation can also be used to provide controlled actuation. We provide experimental results demonstrating both the power harvesting and actuation behavior as a function of laser pulse rate. SMA used in this study exhibited higher absorption in the ultraviolet region which progressively decreased as the absorption wavelength increased. Raman analysis revealed TiO2 formation on the surface of SMA, whose concentration increased irreversibly with temperature. Negligible changes in the surface oxidation were detected in the working temperature range (<150 °C).