cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Race and Perception of Acceptance in Nontraditional Sports

Analysis of responses from 632 respondents to a survey representing 4 military and 4 college locations in the southeastern USA indicated that race was a significant factor in perceptions of “welcomeness” or acceptance for seven of 10 nontraditional sports (70%). These significant differences persisted across sex, income, education, and location categories. When “welcome” scale scores were ranked, however, a strong association in ranking (Spearman rho = .66, p < .05) was found among racial groups. While it appears that many African Americans rated being much less welcome in nontraditional sports than Euro-Americans, both racial groups were likely to agree on which nontraditional sports would be more “welcoming” to new participants.
Ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography reveals depth-resolved microcirculation and its longitudinal response to prolonged ischemic event within skeletal muscles in mice

The primary pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease is associated with impaired perfusion to the muscle tissue in the lower extremities. The lack of effective pharmacologic treatments that stimulate vessel collateralization emphasizes the need for an imaging method that can be used to dynamically visualize depth-resolved microcirculation within muscle tissues. Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a recently developed label-free imaging method capable of producing three-dimensional images of dynamic blood perfusion within microcirculatory tissue beds at an imaging depth of up to ∼2 mm, with an unprecedented imaging sensitivity of blood flow at ∼4 μm/s. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of OMAG in imaging the detailed blood flow distributions, at a capillary-level resolution, within skeletal muscles of mice. By use of the mouse model of hind-limb ischemia, we show that OMAG can assess the time-dependent changes in muscle perfusion and perfusion restoration along tissue depth. These findings indicate that OMAG can represent a sensitive, consistent technique to effectively study pharmacologic therapies aimed at promoting the growth and development of collateral vessels.
Impact and future of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the commonest life-threatening inherited condition in the UK, affecting more than 6000 people at the present time. Advances in all aspects of clinical management, in particular early treatment of pulmonary infections and attention to nutrition, have contributed to a significant improvement in prognosis, with a current median age of survival of 30 years. There is increasing evidence that early intervention after establishing the diagnosis in asymptomatic patients has numerous medical, psychological and financial benefits. Neonatal screening programmes have been available in some populations since 1980 and in view of the benefits discussed below should play an integral part in the management of CE
A holistic and optimal approach for data center cooling management

Efficient and reliable operation of today's data centers, which host IT equipment with ever-increasing power density, relies heavily on the cooling system to meet the thermal management needs of the IT equipment with minimal environmental footprint. The dynamic IT workload, together with the spatial variance of cooling efficiencies, creates both temporal and spatial non-uniformities within the data centers. Most data centers use zonal cooling actuators, such as computer room air conditioners (CRAC), to alleviate the local “hot spots”. Without proper localized cooling actuation mechanisms, the cooling capacity is usually over-provisioned that leads to waste of energy. To address this problem, we introduce adaptive vent tiles (AVT) for local cooling adjustment, and develop a holistic multivariable model based on the mass and energy balance principles to capture the effects of both zonal and local cooling actuation on the inlet temperatures of the racks that host the IT equipment. A model predictive controller is then proposed to minimize the total cooling power while meeting the thermal requirements of the racks. The zonal and local cooling actuation is coordinated in such a unified framework for the provisioning, transport and distribution of the cooling resources in the data centers. The proposed holistic cooling approach is validated in a production data center. Experimental results indicate that up to 36% of CRAC units blower power can be saved, compared with the state of the art control solution.
It's 10:00 P.M. Where are Your Children? And Who Else Knows?

This paper argues that the protection of privacy by cell phone applications is poor and this can have affects far beyond the annoyance of consumers, that this protection could be accomplished simply, and that this failure could have dire consequences for the general public as well as for the carriers, manufacturers and operating system vendors of cell phones and tablets.
TLK1B mediated phosphorylation of Rad9 regulates its nuclear/cytoplasmic localization and cell cycle checkpoint

The Tousled like kinase 1B (TLK1B) is critical for DNA repair and survival of cells. Upon DNA damage, Chk1 phosphorylates TLK1B at S457 leading to its transient inhibition. Once TLK1B regains its kinase activity it phosphorylates Rad9 at S328. In this work we investigated the significance of this mechanism by overexpressing mutant TLK1B in which the inhibitory phosphorylation site was eliminated. These cells expressing TLK1B resistant to DNA damage showed constitutive phosphorylation of Rad9 S328 that occurred even in the presence of hydroxyurea (HU), and this resulted in a delayed checkpoint recovery. One possible explanation was that premature phosphorylation of Rad9 caused its dissociation from 9-1-1 at stalled replication forks, resulting in their collapse and prolonged activation of the S-phase checkpoint. We found that phosphorylation of Rad9 at S328 results in its dissociation from chromatin and redistribution to the cytoplasm. This results in double stranded breaks formation with concomitant activation of ATM and phosphorylation of H2AX. Furthermore, a Rad9 (S328D) phosphomimic mutant was exclusively localized to the cytoplasm and not the chromatin. Another Rad9 phosphomimic mutant (T355D), which is also a site phosphorylated by TLK1, localized normally. In cells expressing the mutant TLK1B treated with HU, Rad9 association with Hus1 and WRN was greatly reduced, suggesting again that its phosphorylation causes its premature release from stalled forks. We propose that normally, the inactivation of TLK1B following replication arrest and genotoxic stress functions to allow the retention of 9-1-1 at the sites of damage or stalled forks. Following reactivation of TLK1B, whose synthesis is concomitantly induced by genotoxins, Rad9 is hyperphosphorylated at S328, resulting in its dissociation and inactivation of the checkpoint that occurs once repair is complete.
Unrestricted prescriptions for open-shell singlet diradicals: using economical ab initio and density functional theory to calculate singlet-triplet gaps and bond dissociation curves.

Here we present and test several computational prescriptions for calculating singlet-triplet (ST) gap energies and bond dissociation curves for open-shell singlet diradicals using economical unrestricted single reference type calculations. For ST gap energies from Slipchenko and Krylov's atom and molecule test set (C, O, Si, NH, NF, OH(+), O(2), CH(2), and NH(2)(+)) spin unrestricted Hartree-Fock and MP2 energies result in errors greater than 15 kcal/mol. However, spin-projected (SP) Hartree-Fock theory in combination with spin-component-scaled (SCS) or scaled-opposite-spin (SOS) second-order perturbation theory gives ST gap energies with a mean unsigned error (MUE) of less than 2 kcal/mol. Density functionals generally give poor results for unrestricted energies and only the ωB97X-D, the M06, and the M06-2X functionals provide reasonable accuracy after spin-projection with MUE values of 4.7, 4.3, and 3.0 kcal/mol, respectively, with the 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. We also present a new one parameter hybrid density functional, diradical-1 (DR-1), based on Adamo and Barone's modified PW exchange functional with the PW91 correlation functional. This DR-1 method gives a mean error (ME) of 0.0 kcal/mol and a MUE value of 1.3 kcal/mol for ST gap energies. As another test of unrestricted methods the bond dissociation curves for methane (CH(4)) and hydrofluoric acid (H-F) were calculated with the M06-2X, DR-1, and ωB97X-D density functionals. All three of these functionals give reasonable results for the methane C-H bond but result in errors greater than 50 kcal/mol for the H-F bond dissociation. Spin-projection is found to significantly degrade bond dissociation curves past ~2.2 A. Although unrestricted Hartree-Fock theory provides a very poor description of H-F bond dissociation, unrestricted SCS-MP2 and SOS-MP2 methods give accurate results.
Community-Level Engagement in Public Housing Redevelopment

Community-level engagement of public housing residents and their neighbors may help prepare them for the redevelopment of their neighborhood. The mixed-methods design included a resident survey (n = 386) and in-depth resident interviews (n = 25). Readiness for transit-oriented mixed-income redevelopment (TOMIR) was predicted by neighbor cohesion, organizational collective efficacy, and possessing a transition and/or relocation plan. Resident involvement in local neighborhood organizations was predicted by awareness of neighborhood problems and involvement in activism. As involvement in neighborhood organizations goes up, readiness for TOMIR also goes up. The study structural equation model had adequate model fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = .90, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .02, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = .90). The study developed three new measures that can be used in TOMIR contexts with existing community engagement measures. The study adds to the evidence base for community-level...
Identification and Dynamic Regulation of Tight Junction Protein Expression in Human Neural Stem Cells

Recent reports indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in a cluster-like formation in close proximity to cerebral microvessels. Similar appearing clusters can be seen ex vivo in NSC cultures termed neurospheres. It is known that this neurosphere configuration is important for preserving stemness and a proliferative state. How NSCs form neurospheres or neuroclusters remains largely undetermined. In this study, we show that primary human NSCs express the tight junction proteins (TJPs): zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, -3, -5, and -12. The relative mRNA expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Our results show that downregulation of TJPs occurs as neuronal differentiation is induced, suggesting that control of TJPs may be tied to the neuronal differentiation program. Importantly, upon specific knockdown of the accessory TJP, ZO-1, undifferentiated NSCs showed decreased levels of key stem cell markers. Taken together, our results indicate that TJPs possibly aid in maintaining the intercellular configuration of NSCs and that reduction in TJP expression consequently affects the stemness status.
Complex system governance: moving diverse theory to practice

This paper presents a scholarly development of a system-based approach for analysing governance in complex systems. The primary purpose is to point out the present lack of understanding of governance in complex systems. The main contribution is a set of systems-based ideas representing governance that will continue to remain relevant in spite of emergent problems and increased complexity. This paper discusses some of the promising explanatory and normative conceptual notions of 'governance' and argues for a set of criteria by which these various accounts can be evaluated. Each of these broad categories is presented after which they will be used as a basis to constructively evaluate existing governance theories, models and frameworks. Finally, the paper hints on a systemically developed 'governance' paradigm that is internally aligned with the earlier mentioned criteria aimed to assist in developing a wider and more consistent 'governance' research agenda.
Interpretation of lexical meaning: semantic and pragmatic interaction——taking after all for example

The lexical meaning includes semantic and pragmatic meanings. Cognitive linguistics thinks that semantics and pragmatics are integrated into one body. It's necessary to explain lexical meanings from the perspectives of semantics and pragmatics in the use of language. For example, the phrase after all which often appears in the English textbook is incorrectly used by students. The example can explain the semantic and pragmatic interaction is the most fundamental way for interpretation of lexical meaning.
On the [ir]relevance of network performance for data processing

Modern data processing frameworks are used in a variety of settings for a diverse set of workloads such as sorting, indexing, iterative computations, structured query processing, etc. As these frameworks run in a distributed environment, a natural question to ask is – how important is the network to the performance of these frameworks? Recent research in this field has led to contradictory results. One camp advocates the limited impact of networking performance on the overall performance of the framework [16]. On the other hand, there is a large body of work on networking optimizations for data processing frameworks [9, 10, 18, 19, 21]. In this paper, we search for a better understanding of the matter. While answering the basic question concerning the importance of the network performance, our analysis raises new questions and points to previously unexplored or unnoticed avenues for performance optimizations. We take Apache Spark [2] as a representative of a modern data-processing framework. However, to broaden the scope of our investigation, we also experiment with other frameworks such as Flink, PowerGraph or Timely. In our study – rather than analysing Spark-specific peculiarities – we look into procedures and subsystems that are common in any of these frameworks such as networking IO, shuffle data management, object (de)serialization, copies, job scheduling and coordination, etc. Nonetheless, we are aware that the roles of those individual components are different for the various systems, and we exercise caution when making generalized statements about the performance. Our study reveals three main findings: (a) up to a certain level, the performance of the network has significant effects on the overall performance of the data processing framework. Specifically, for all the workloads and frameworks we analyzed, moving from a 1 to a 10 Gbps network reduced the query response time by a factor of two and more (see Figure 1). This result directly 0 50 100 150 200 250
Mechanism of stress ulcer. II. Differences between the antrum, corpus, and fundus with respect to the effects of complete ischemia on gastric mucosal energy metabolism.

Recently we proposed that the event linking hemorrhagic shockinduced gastric mucosal ischemia and "stress ulceration" may be a rapid and profound decrease in gastric mucosal energy metabolism. A characteristic feature of stress ulcers caused by hemorrhage, both in man and in experimental animals, is a tendency to involve only the corpus and fundus and spare the antrum. Therefore, if our hypothesis is to remain valid, one would have to show that the antrum is better able to sustain its energy metabolism in the face of ischemia. The data on which this report is based indeed indicate that, under conditions of complete ischemia, dephosphorylation of the adenylate pool is significantly less marked in the antrum than in the corpus and fundus.
Processing of petroleum fractions

Distillation allows the separation of crude oil into a variety of useful products, ranging from LPG to asphalt. Often subsequent processing steps are necessary to increase the yield of products which have strong market demand, or to improve the performance of some of the products. This chapter discusses processes for addressing these needs. Thermal cracking provides a further extension of free radical chemistry introduced previously. Catalytic processing introduces the chemistry of carbocations and reaction processes at catalyst surfaces.
Risk stratification in myelofibrosis: the quest for simplification.

Risk-stratification systems in hematologic malignancies can serve a myriad of clinical and research purposes. They facilitate rational bedside discussion regarding the likely trajectory of a disease, provide an objective screen to ensure clinical trial enrollment reproducibility, and help guide
Bt Corn’s Reduction of Mycotoxins: Regulatory Decisions and Public Opinion

This chapter analyzes the impact of mycotoxins—toxic and carcinogenic chemicals produced by fungi—in corn, primarily in terms of global trade and health considerations to major corn exporters and importers. It then discusses the state of the evidence for genetically modified Bt corn reducing contamination levels of various mycotoxins, and the implications for human health and markets worldwide. Finally, it speculates on the role that mycotoxin reduction may or may not play in regulatory decisions on commercialization and trade of Bt corn, both today and in the future.
Minority Status and Spirituality among Police Officers: Blacks and Women in a Metropolitan Department

This paper addresses two questions: (1) What are the sources of spirituality among police officers? (2) Can spirituality alleviate police stress? These issues are examined in a secondary analysis of the dataset Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997–1999. The study extends research on law enforcement spirituality to include the structural sources of spirituality. Minority status easily emerges as a source of spirituality with the highest levels present among African Americans and females. Contrary to previous research that has found either non-existent or positive relationships between spirituality and work-related stress among law enforcement, this study finds that spirituality is weakly associated with lower levels of burnout after controlling for demographic factors. However, the weak relationship between spirituality and perceived stress disappears when controlling for burnout and demographic factors, thus undermining the ability to make any overarching claims about the influence of spirituality that can cover all kinds of police stress.
Validation of preoperative variables and stratification of patients to help predict benefit of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the targeted therapy ERA.

ABSTRACT Objectives To further elucidate which patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) may benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) before targeted therapy (TT), and to assess the overall survival of patients undergoing CN and TT versus TT alone. Materials and Methods We identified 88 patients who underwent CN at our institution prior to planned TT and 35 patients who received TT without undergoing CN. Preoperative risk factors described in the literature were assessed in our patient population (serum albumin, liver metastasis, symptomatic metastasis, clinical ≥T3 disease, retroperitoneal and supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy). Patients were stratified by number of pretreatment risk factors and overall survival (OS) was compared. Results TT patients had significantly more risk factors compared to CN patients (3.06 vs. 2.11, p<0.01). Patients who received TT alone had median OS of 5.8 months. All but one patient receiving TT alone had two or more risk factors. A comparison of the CN and TT groups was performed by constructing Kaplan-Meier curves. There was no significant difference in median OS for those patients with exactly two risk factors (447 vs. 389 days, p=0.24), and those with three or more risk factors (184 vs. 155 days, p=0.87). Conclusions Using previously described pretreatment risk factors we found that patients with two or more risk factors derived no significant survival advantage from CN in the TT era. These risk factors should be incorporated in the assessment of patients for CN.
Elastic crack propagation model for crystalline solids using a self-consistent coupled atomistic–continuum framework

Deformation and failure processes of crystalline materials are governed by complex phenomena at multiple scales. It is necessary to couple these scales for physics-based modeling of these phenomena, while overcoming limitations of modeling at individual scales. To address this issue, this paper develops self-consistent elastic constitutive and crack propagation relations of crystalline materials containing atomic scale cracks, from observations made in a concurrent multi-scale simulation system coupling atomistic and continuum domain models. The concurrent multi-scale model incorporates a finite temperature atomistic region containing the crack, a continuum region represented by a self-consistent crystal elasticity constitutive model, and a handshaking interphase region. Atomistic modeling is done by the molecular dynamics code LAMMPS, while continuum modeling is conducted by the finite element method. For single crystal nickel a nonlinear and nonlocal crystal elasticity constitutive relation is derived, consistent with the atomic potential function. An efficient, staggered solution scheme with parallel implementation is designed for the coupled problem. The atomistic–continuum coupling is achieved by enforcing geometric compatibility and force equilibrium in the interphase region. Quantitative analyses of the crack propagation process focuses on size dependence, strain energy release rate, crack propagation rate and degradation of the local stiffness. The self-consistent constitutive and crack propagation relations, derived from the concurrent model simulation results are validated by comparing results from the concurrent and full FE models. Excellent accuracy and enhanced efficiency are observed in comparison with pure MD and concurrent model results.
Ruxolitinib for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: First case report

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immune-mediated disorder resulting in hyper-activation of inflammatory cytokines. If left untreated, the uncontrolled inflammatory response can lead to significant tissue injury and potentially life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction. Conventional immunosuppressive agents are available for the management of HLH, including dexamethasone, cyclosporine, and etoposide; however, patients may not respond to these therapies. Clinicians may turn toward alternative pharmacologic agents that likely have less clinical evidence. We describe a case of secondary HLH that did not respond favorably to conventional treatments. Serum inflammatory markers continued to rise significantly with clinical deterioration and worsening pancytopenia. The severe thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were deemed to have contributed to a spontaneous subdural hematoma and candidemia, respectively. Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, was then utilized as a novel salvage therapy based on available in vivo murine data at the time. Following initiation, there was improvement seen in several disease markers, including serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and liver function tests. However, the pancytopenia did not show signs of recovery. The patient ultimately expired after 7days of ruxolitinib treatment. It is unclear if the improvement in disease markers was attributed to JAK inhibition alone. However, this experience combined with the positive in vivo murine data suggests that ruxolitinib may serve as a potential treatment option for HLH, pending the release of more robust data. To our knowledge, this is the first human case report describing the use of ruxolitinib for HLH. Future studies are warranted to determine the role of ruxolitinib in this setting.
The Correlates between Positive Emotions/Attributes and Sustainable Fashion Consumption Behaviors

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between positive emotions/attributes (altruism, compassion, gratitude, and happiness) and sustainable consumption. Data were collected from two samples: 463 college students and 317 national adults. For the analysis, bi-variate correlation analyses were used. Altruism, compassion, and gratitude appeared to be key factors associated with sustainable consumption, whereas happiness was not associated.
Dyadic Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis of Family Violence

Adequate understanding and interventions to prevent and treat family conflict and violence need to go beyond the prevailing focus on individual persons as causes or victims. Families and couples who engage in violence have a distinctive history and pattern of behavior which must also be identified. This chapter represents a critical step toward this integration by accounting for the couple-level dynamics that frequently precede partner abuse.
In Pursuit of “queer-friendly” Healthcare: An Interview Study of How Queer Individuals Select Care Providers

LGBQ+ individuals experience worse health outcomes than do other individuals. Some communication research finds that LGBQ+ individuals report receiving poor care during the mid- to post-health care, but this research assumes that LGBQ+ individuals have already received care. Little research has examined the pre- to early encounter experience of LGBQ+ individuals. This study presents exploratory research into how LGBQ+ individuals seek "queer-friendly" health care during pre- and early encounter experiences. Using an interview methodology, we report the facilitators and barriers to seeking queer-friendly care reported by LGBQ+ individuals. We offer implications for how health care providers and systems can better promote queer-friendly healthcare.
Extraordinary Enhancement of Quadrupolar Transitions Using Nanostructured Graphene

Surface plasmons supported by metallic nanostructures interact strongly with light and confine it into subwavelength volumes, thus forcing the corresponding electric field to vary within nanoscale distances. This results in exceedingly large field gradients that can be exploited to enhance the quadrupolar transitions of quantum emitters located in the vicinity of the nanostructure. Graphene nanostructures are ideally suited for this task, since their plasmons can confine light into substantially smaller volumes than equivalent excitations sustained by conventional plasmonic nanostructures. Furthermore, in addition to their geometric tunability, graphene plasmons can also be efficiently tuned by controlling the doping level of the nanostructure, which can be accomplished either chemically or electrostatically. Here, we provide a detailed investigation of the enhancement of the field gradient in the vicinity of different graphene nanostructures. Using rigorous solutions of Maxwell’s equations, as well as an...
Threats of Violence by Students in Special Education.

We compared threats of violence made by K–12 students in special education (120 cases) or general education (136 cases) in schools that were implementing threat assessment guidelines for managing s...
Emotional Expression in Infancy: I. Initial Studies of Social Signaling and an Emergent Model

This story, one of description, began as a bothersome byroad in a research odyssey concerned with understanding emotional development, but it has now become an absorbing adventure in its own right. Our program started in what seemed like a direct and simple fashion, first with studies of babies who smiled and then with babies who cried. We studied these behaviors in multiple contexts, physiological, social, and developmental (Emde & Harmon, 1972; Emde, Gaensbauer, & Harmon, 1976), but then, as psychiatrists, we encountered a concern. In the course of our longitudinal studies, we became increasingly bothered by a nagging question: How did we know that what we were calling emotional in babies was related to the later emotional experience that older patients talk about and that we find so central in our clinical work? Obviously, the preverbal infant could not tell us how he felt. In using a variety of viewpoints to bear on this problem, we soon learned that defining or “indexing” emotions by physiological or situational correlates alone was unreliable and made little sense. But as we continued our longitudinal studies, both in the home and in the laboratory, we reassured ourselves with one view, firmly rooted in the naturalistic setting. When we concentrated on viewing emotions as expressions, as nonverbal communications, we were reassured because we found that facial expressions and other behaviors that we presumed to call emotional regularly communicated (1) feelings and (2) messages for caretaking and social interaction, and that both of these were meaningful for parents. Nonetheless, our observations were at the anecdotal-descriptive level, and we realized that more systematic efforts were needed.
Identifying Malicious Nodes in Multihop IoT Networks using Dual Link Technologies and Unsupervised Learning

Packet manipulation attack is one of the challenging threats in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things (IoT), where information packets are corrupted during transmission by compromised devices. These attacks consume network resources, result in delays in decision making, and could potentially lead to triggering wrong actions that disrupt an overall system's operation. Such malicious attacks as well as unintentional faults are difficult to locate/identify in a large-scale mesh-like multihop network, which is the typical topology suggested by most IoT standards. In this paper, first, we propose a novel network architecture that utilizes powerful nodes that can support two distinct communication link technologies for identification of malicious networked devices (with typical singlelink technology). Such powerful nodes equipped with dual-link technologies can reveal hidden information within meshed connections that is hard to otherwise detect. By applying machine intelligence at the dual-link nodes, malicious networked devices in an IoT network can be accurately identified. Second, we propose two techniques based on unsupervised machine learning, namely hard detection and soft detection, that enable dual-link nodes to identify malicious networked devices. Our techniques exploit network diversity as well as the statistical information computed by dual-link nodes to identify the trustworthiness of resource-constrained devices. Simulation results show that the detection accuracy of our algorithms is superior to the conventional watchdog scheme, where nodes passively listen to neighboring transmissions to detect corrupted packets. The results also show that as the density of the dual-link nodes increases, the detection accuracy improves and the false alarm rate decreases.
RRSP and RID Effector Domains Dominate the Virulence Impact of Vibrio vulnificus MARTX Toxin

Background The bacterial pathogen Vibrio vulnificus causes severe septic foodborne infections. The multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxins (MARTX) toxin is an important secreted virulence factor. The effector domain region is essential for lethal intestinal infection in mice, but the contribution of each of the 5 effector domains to infection has not been investigated. Methods V. vulnificus mutants with varying effector domain content were inoculated intragastrically to mice, and the time to death was monitored to establish the contribution of each effector domain to overall virulence. Each strain was also tested for bacterial dissemination from the intestine to internal organs and for inhibition of phagocytosis. Results The effector domain region was required for V. vulnificus to inhibit phagocytosis by J774 macrophages, but no single effector domain was required. No single MARTX effector domain was necessary for bacterial dissemination. Nonetheless, overall survival of infected mice differed with respect to the infecting V. vulnificus strain. Removal of rid or rrsp significantly reduced the virulence potential of V. vulnificus, while deletion of duf1 or abh accelerated the time to death. Conclusion Rho GTPases inactivation domain and Ras/Rap1-specific endopeptidase each exert greater effects on virulence than other MARTX domains, suggesting that modulation of the Rho/Ras family of GTPases is a critical function of the toxin during intestinal infection.
Inductance Models of 8-Terminal Decoupling Capacitors

The parasitic inductance associated with decoupling capacitors represents a critical portion of the power delivery network impedance. An accurate model of the inductance looking into 8-terminal decoupling capacitors from the power and return planes, called Labove, cap, is developed. Two modeling approaches are presented using CST and using an approximate PEEC model.
Sampler: PMU-based sampling to detect memory errors latent in production software

Deployed software is still faced with numerous in-production memory errors. They can significantly affect system reliability and security, causing application crashes, erratic execution behavior, or security attacks. Unfortunately, existing tools cannot be deployed in the production environment, since they either impose significant performance/memory overhead, or can only detect partial errors. This paper presents Sampler, a library that employs the combination of hardware-based SAMPLing and novel heap allocator design to efficiently identify a range of memory ERrors, including buffer overflows, use-after-frees, invalid frees, and double-frees. Due to the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of production services, Sampler proposes to trade detection effectiveness for performance on each execution. Rather than inspecting every memory access, Sampler proposes the use of the Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU) hardware to sample memory accesses, and only checks the validity of sampled accesses. At the same time, Sampler proposes a novel dynamic allocator supporting fast metadata lookup, and a solution to prevent false alarms potentially caused by sampling. The sampling-based approach, although it may lead to reduced effectiveness on each execution, is suitable for in-production software, since software is generally employed by a large number of individuals, and may be executed many times or over a long period of time. By randomizing the start of the sampling, different executions may sample different sequences of memory accesses, working together to enable effective detection. Experimental results demonstrate that Sampler detects all known memory bugs inside real applications, without any false positive. Sampler only imposes negligible performance overhead (2.4% on average). Sampler is the first work that simultaneously satisfies efficiency, preciseness, completeness, accuracy, and transparency, making it a practical tool for in-production deployment.
Building Bridges Across Faith Lines: Responsible Christian Education in a Post-Christian Society

AbstractThe demographic composition of students and employees at many Christian colleges and universities in the United States does not reflect the growing religious diversity of the twenty-first c...
Effects of Stress and Nutrition on Blood-Brain Barrier Functions

Over the past two decades, dramatic progress has been made in understanding the physiology and functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is made up of brain microvessel endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and basal lamina. Brain microvessel endothelial cells are characterized by tight intercellular junctions restricting the passage of most molecules from the circulation to the brain. The brains of vertebrates are perfused by a dense microvascular network formed by the capillary endothelial cells within the brain (Pardridge, 2002). The density of the microvasculature in the brain is so intricate that no neuron or glial cell is more than 20 µm from a neighboring capillary (Bar, 1980). Therefore, every neuron is virtually perfused by its own microvessel. Once a circulating solute crosses the brain microvascular wall, it can be immediately utilized by every neuron within the brain.
CLIPS/ActiveSDN for automated and safe cybersecurity course-of-actions orchestration

Continuous attack reports such as data breach, malware, phishing and spamming attack published daily indicate that cyber attack is inevitable in our daily life. Sometimes it takes days, even month to detect and mitigate such stealthy attacks. These require to make network systems resilient against attacks with a high assurance of defense mechanisms that can go beyond attack detection with safe mitigation. That's why we developed a flexible yet expressive policy specification language called CLIPS for Active Cyber Defence, and provably-correct policy refinement engine, ActiveSDN to enable a safe, efficient construction and execution of Course-of-Action workflow composed of investigating for analysis and mitigating for reconfiguration actions to support cyber resilience automation.
Student nurses require a supportive environment when exercising their moral obligation for patient safety

Commentary on: Fisher M, Kiernan M. Student nurses’ lived experience of patient safety and raising concerns. Nurse Education Today , 2019, 77: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.02.015 Patient safety per the National Patient Safety 2019 standards1—is a global concern and central to quality patient care. Nurses and other healthcare providers, health educators and leaders have a moral and professional obligation to ensure patient safety. Acute care and ambulatory patient settings alike uphold patient safety that necessitates patient care stakeholders’ alignment of healthcare safety and health workers’ quality competencies.2 An ongoing pedagogical approach whereby European healthcare students learn patient safety from observations and reflections …
Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 -Based Ferroelectric Gate HEMTs With Large Threshold Voltage Tuning Range

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Hr0.5 Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric gate stacks exhibiting significant ferroelectric switching for threshold voltage control are experimentally demonstrated. Ferroelectric gate HEMTs (FeHEMTs) with large threshold voltage tuning range of 2.8 V were obtained, with an on/off ratio of $\sim {10}^{{{5}}}$ based on a GaN-channel HEMT structure suitable for RF applications. Improved subthreshold performance has also been achieved compared to conventional MIS-HEMTs, with reduction in average sub-threshold swing (SSavg) by a factor of 2. As a consequence of the significant ferroelectric polarization achieved on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, Hr0.5 Zr0.5O2 based ferroelectric gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs appear promising for nonvolatile and reconfigurable RF and microwave applications.
Management of bilateral renal artery aneurysms with laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex vivo reconstruction, and autotransplantation in a woman planning pregnancy.

Abstract Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.01% to 0.97%. These aneurysms are often asymptomatic, although they occasionally manifest with hypertension, back pain, hematuria, or rupture. Despite limited evidence guiding treatment, women of childbearing age are consistently offered treatment because of the high risk of rupture. We present a case of a woman planning pregnancy with bilateral RAAs after failed endovascular management. She underwent bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex vivo reconstruction, and autotransplantation for treatment of her aneurysms. This appears to be safe and effective for treatment of RAAs and should be considered in similar patients.
Poor Health Literacy is Common in Patients with a Left Ventricular Device and is Predicted by Older Age, Lower Education Levels, and Depressive Symptoms

Purpose Health literacy is an established concept in the health care world that seeks to understand people's comprehension of various healthcare information and their ability to apply it. Health literacy has been extensively studied in the heart failure literature, and inadequate health literacy has been linked to impaired ability to assess risk versus benefit information, poorer physical and mental health, increased hospitalizations, and an inability to fully engage in treatment planning and self-care. To date, health literacy in the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) population has not been documented, and could have serious implications on outcomes, due to the demands placed on patients and caregivers of patients who have to live with the device. The purpose of this study was to describe the levels of health literacy in an LVAD population and to identify variables associated with low health literacy. Methods A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used, with 28 LVAD patients completing the Newest Vital Sign, a measure of health literacy, along with demographic and clinical questionnaires. Results Of the participants in our sample, 71% had inadequate health literacy. In bivariate analyses, we found that advancing age, fewer years of education, poorer cognitive function, and worse depressive symptoms were all associated with lower levels of health literacy (p Conclusion Inadequate health literacy in this population is remarkably high, and is a more common in older, less educated, and more depressed persons. It is critical we evaluate health literacy in the LVAD population regularly and in the future, we need to analyze whether health literacy may impact outcomes in the LVAD population.
Integrating Theology and Social Science to Uncover How Childhood Experiences Contribute to Christian Commitment in Young Adulthood

Christian educators seek to understand how each life stage influences the next. Social science has found that the childhood years are filled with experiences that contribute to spirituality in youn...
Fan and syringe application for cooling bentgrass greens

Creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] is only marginally adapted to the southeastern USA, where summer high heat and humidity can cause this cool-season turfgrass to thin and perform poorly. Used solely on southeastern putting greens, management techniques to maintain bentgrass include syringing (cooling via application of a light spray of water) and aboveground cooling fans. There is limited research which has examined separate and combined effects of syringing and fans. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of syringing and fans on creeping bentgrass grown on a southeastern native soil putting green. Conducted for 2 yr during the summer months, the experiment consisted of three replications of fan and syringe treatments. Specific treatments were: (i) fan, or (ii) no fan; and, (i) syringe, or (ii) no syringe. Collected data include soil temperature (1.3-cm depth) and root-length density. The combined use of fans and syringing reduced soil temperatures below that of fans alone, syringing alone, and the no fan-no syringe control. Use of fans and syringing decreased the time that soil temperatures remained at or above levels injurious to bentgrass plants. Use of syringing alone never increased root-length density, and in two cases decreased it. Use of fans increased bentgrass root growth at some samplings.
Abstract B100: Reported barriers to colorectal cancer screening in Appalachian Kentucky

Background: Appalachian Kentucky residents suffer significant colorectal cancer (CRC) disparity, in part related to low utilization of CRC screening. Reducing or removing potential barriers to CRC screening uptake may increase utilization of CRC screening in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to CRC screening in adults aged 50 years and older in rural Appalachian Kentucky. Methods: This study reports the analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial designed to promote CRC screening in rural Appalachian Kentucky among individuals who have not been screened for CRC recruited from two Emergency Departments at St. Claire Regional Medical Center in Morehead, Kentucky, and Appalachian Regional Healthcare in Hazard, Kentucky. The survey used for this study assessed CRC screening status, barriers, susceptibility, and benefits related to CRC screening, sociodemographic characteristics, and other health-related information such as health care utilization including the reason for ED visit, insurance coverage, and health care access. Descriptive and bivariate analyses are reported. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 191 adults aged 50 and over, waiting for nonurgent care or with a family member in the ED of rural Appalachian hospitals. Participants were mostly Caucasian (98%), female (57%), aged 58 ± 8 years, who had household income Conclusions: Rural Appalachian Kentucky residents do not screen for CRC according to guidelines, partly due to perceived barriers to CRC screening. Education and income level were associated with the perception of painful and costly CRC screening in this population, suggesting that they do not have adequate knowledge or access to CRC screening resources available in the communities. Considering the cultural norms peculiar to Appalachian Kentucky, this population will benefit from a community health worker-led educational intervention to promote CRC screening through short video messages about the CRC screening process, other less invasive screening options, and benefits of CRC screening. This intervention may be able to address the barriers identified in this group, including the perception of painful screening procedure and the fear of screening result. Additionally, appropriate navigation program to affordable and accessible CRC screening resources within the local community would be beneficial to addressing the dismal use of screening resources among individuals in this population. Citation Format: Adaeze Aroh, Adebola Adegboyega, Jennifer Hatcher. Reported barriers to colorectal cancer screening in Appalachian Kentucky [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B100.