cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface-mediated tunable self-assembly of single crystal semimetallic ErSb/GaSb nanocomposite structures.

Arrays of metallic nanostructures embedded within a semiconducting matrix are of great interest for applications in plasmonics, photonic crystals, thermoelectrics, and nanoscale ohmic contacts. We report a method for growing single crystal arrays of semimetallic vertical and horizontal ErSb nanorods, nanotrees, and nanosheets embedded within a semiconducting GaSb matrix. The nanostructures form simultaneously with the matrix and have epitaxial, coherent interfaces with no evidence of stacking faults or dislocations as observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. By combining molecular beam epitaxy growth and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, we image the growth surface one atomic layer at a time and show that the nanostructured composites form via a surface-mediated self-assembly mechanism that is controlled entirely at the growth front and is not a product of bulk diffusion or bulk segregation. These highly tunable nanocomposites show promise for direct integration into epitaxial se...
Subsurface geometry interpretation by integrating continuous wavetet transform seismic attributes

Seismic interpretation is highly dependent of the seismic resolution. Sequence stratigraphy, fractures detection, faults interpretation and channels delineation can be improved by using better resolution seismic data. Considering spectral decomposition a way increase seismic traces details, we used complex continuous wavelet transform (CWT) ridges to create a higher resolution traces and the phase discontinuities to detect subtle seismic discontinuities. By integrating these seismic attributes we showed how to improve the understanding of subsurface geometry. The technique was applied to real data and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Nanomechanical properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)

Cellulose is an abundant green polymer, which can be obtained in a variety of nanoscale structures broadly grouped as nano/microfibrils (CNF/MFC), bacterial celluloses (BC) or nano/microcrystals (CNC/CMC). There is increasing interest of nanocelluloses by the research and industrial communities due to increasing available materials (facilities than can produce ton per day), impressive strength properties, low density, renewability and biodegradability. However, one problem is the lack of knowledge on the nanomechanical properties of cellulose nanofibrils, which creates barriers for the scientists and producers to optimize and predict behavior of the final product. In this research, the behavior of thin filmed (t≤100 μm) cellulose nanofibrils’, located on aluminum pin stubs, under nano compression loads were investigated using an Asylum Research MFP-3D Atomic Force Microscope equipped with a nanoindenter. Unloading curves were analyzed using Oliver-Pharr. As a result of 58 successful nanoindents, the average modulus value was estimated as 16.6 GPa with the reduced modulus value of 18.2 GPa. The CNF Modulus values varied between 12.4 GPa – 22.8 GPa with 16.9% coefficient of variation (COV) while the reduced modulus ranged from 13.7 GPa to 24.9 GPa with a 16.2 % COV. This research provides practical knowledge for producers of nanocellulose, researchers and applications developers who focus on nanocellulose reinforced composite materials.
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Associated With Reflux Nephropathy

A case of unilateral reflux nephropathy treated by initial ureteral reimplantation and subsequent nephrectomy is reported. Pathologic examination of the resected kidney showed unsuspected proliferative glomerulonephritis. The relationship of chronic atrophic pyelonephritis, as seen in reflux nephropathy, and glomerulonephritis is discussed to emphasize that reflux nephropathy does not exclude the presence of other renal disease that may complicate the long-term care of the patient.
Three-dimensional T1 and T2* mapping of human lung parenchyma using interleaved saturation recovery with dual echo ultrashort echo time imaging (ITSR-DUTE).

Purpose To develop and assess a new technique for three-dimensional (3D) full lung T1 and T2* mapping using a single free breathing scan during a clinically feasible time. Materials and Methods A 3D stack of dual-echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) radial acquisition interleaved with and without a WET (water suppression enhanced through T1 effects) saturation pulse was used to map T1 and T2* simultaneously in a single scan. Correction for modulation due to multiple views per segment was derived. Bloch simulations were performed to study saturation pulse excitation profile on lung tissue. Optimization of the saturation delay time (for T1 mapping) and echo time (for T2* mapping) was performed. Monte Carlo simulation was done to predict accuracy and precision of the sequence with signal-to-noise ratio of in vivo images used in the simulation. A phantom study was carried out using the 3D interleaved saturation recovery with dual echo ultrashort echo time imaging (ITSR-DUTE) sequence and reference standard inversion recovery spin echo sequence (IR-SE) to compare accuracy of the sequence. Nine healthy volunteers were imaged and mean (SD) of T1 and T2* in lung parenchyma at 3T were estimated through manually assisted segmentation. 3D lung coverage with a resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 × 6 mm3 was performed and nominal scan time was recorded for the scans. Repeatability was assessed in three of the volunteers. Regional differences in T1/T2* values were also assessed. Results The phantom study showed accuracy of T1 values to be within 2.3% of values obtained from IR-SE. Mean T1 value in lung parenchyma was 1002 ± 82 ms while T2* was 0.85 ± 0.1 ms. Scan time was ∼10 min for volunteer scans. Mean coefficient of variation (CV) across slices was 0.057 and 0.09, respectively. Regional variation along the gravitational direction and between right and left lung were not significant (P = 0.25 and P = 0.06, respectively) for T1. T2* showed significant variation (P = 0.03) along the gravitational direction. Repeatability for three volunteers was within 0.7% for T1 and 1.9% for T2*. Conclusion 3D T1 and T2* maps of the entire lung can be obtained in a single scan of ∼10 min with a resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 × 6 mm3. Level of Evidence 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016
Quality Improvement in the Neonatal ICU.

In this issue of Respiratory Care Powell et al[1][1] report a reduction in unplanned extubations in the neonatal ICU using lean methodology. This study is important on a number of levels. It is local research requiring fewer resources by using the lean methodology and applying a rapid cycle of plan
Relationship of ACL Injury and Posterior Tibial Slope With Patient Age, Sex, and Race

Background:Posterior tibial slope (PTS) has been proposed as a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, studies that have examined this relationship have provided...
Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Nucleophosmin Mutations Is Characterized by a Gene Expression Signature with Dysregulated HOX Gene Expression Distinct from MLL-Rearranged Leukemias.

Recent studies have identified mutations in the nucleophosmin ( NPM ) gene in up to one-third of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lacking a recurring cytogenetic abnormality. NPM mutations ( NPM m+) result in aberrant cytoplasmic localization of nucleophosmin, which may potentially perturb multiple cellular pathways including cell cycle regulation. However the exact mechanisms by which mutant NPM contributes to leukemogenesis are unclear. Gene expression analysis may identify mediators or pathways in NPM m+ AML that are important in the development of leukemia. We have examined NPM mutation status in a 93 cases of pediatric AML and correlated mutation status with gene expression profile. All major AML subgroups were studied including AML-ETO (n=18) , MLL rearranged (n=14) CBFB-MYH11 (n=13) , PML-RARA and variants (n=4), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (n=4), and AML with normal cytogenetics (n=20), or non-recurring cytogenetic abnormalities (n=20). Exon 12 of NPM was PCR amplified, sequenced, and abnormal cases verified by cloning and sequencing. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix U133A arrays. Six cases with tetranucleotide insertion mutations in NPM exon 12 were identified. Four had normal cytogenetics, and two non-recurring cytogenetic abnormalities. Differential gene expression between NPM m+ and NPM m- AML (either all NPM m- cases, or only those NPM m- cases lacking recurring cytogenetic abnormalities) was assessed by t-test. NPM m+ AML was characterized by upregulation of multiple homeobox genes (e.g. HOXA9, A10, B2, B6 ) as well as multiple genes with known or potential roles in tumorigenesis, such as MEIS1 and the NPM fusion partner ALK. This pattern of disordered HOX expression is similar to that of MLL- rearranged leukemia; however comparison of the signatures of NPM m+ and MLL- rearranged leukemia identified important differences, such as upregulation of HOXB2, B3, B6 and D4 in NPM m+ AML but not MLL- leukemia. These results confirm a recently published report describing perturbed HOX expression in NPM m+ AML (Alcalay et al. Blood2005;106:899), and provide the first evidence that the NPM m+ signature is similar to but distinct from MLL- rearranged AML. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of NPM m+ leukemia, and support the hypothesis that mutated NPM dysregulates HOX expression via a different mechanism than MLL rearrangement.
Distinguishing shear banding from shear thinning in flows with a shear stress gradient

Shear banding occurs in complex fluids that exhibit a non-monotonic constitutive instability, such as wormlike micelles, and potentially also in polymeric fluids with presumably monotonic constitutive behavior. However, velocity profiles for shear thinning fluids in geometries possessing a stress gradient, such as Taylor-Couette flow, could be misidentified as shear banding. To address this, we present a model-free experimental procedure to distinguish shear banding from strong shear thinning using high-resolution velocimetry. The approach is developed and validated using simulations using the d-Giesekus model and is based upon the behavior of the width of the apparent interface between the high and low shear rate regions. It is then tested using experimental data for model wormlike micellar solutions. The method allows shear banding to be distinguished from shear thinning in cases where this difference is otherwise indistinguishable. As a by-product, it also provides an estimate of the stress diffusivities for shear banding fluids.
Rat Models of Skin Wound Healing

Rats provide an excellent model for skin wound healing by allowing the standardization of the type, size, shape, and depth of the wound injury, which facilitates comparison of data between studies of healing in all mammalian species. The rat is often selected for skin wound-healing models because of its ready availability, low cost, and small size, which result in a more economical and efficient use of limited laboratory space and housing facilities. Despite species differences, the availability of animals with well-defined health and genetic backgrounds along with a bounty of literature documenting biological responses and parameters for rats allows the rat to serve as a valuable research tool in the search for faster, stronger, and more anatomically correct wound healing with the ultimate goal of exact skin replacement.
Terminology and Types of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Ischemic optic neuropathy has been given different eponyms over the years because of differing opinions on its pathogenesis. Following is a list of the terms which have been used to describe this condition.
Oxytocin is involved in steroid hormone-stimulated bovine satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro.

Abstract Sex steroid hormones are used in the meat industry due to their ability to regulate muscle hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms underlying their action are not fully elucidated. Recent reports demonstrate that steroid hormones increase oxytocin (OXT) expression in skeletal muscle, indicating that OXT may play a role in satellite cell activity. This hypothesis was tested using steroid hormones (17β-estradiol [E2]; trenbolone acetate [TBA]), tamoxifen (TAM), OXT, and atosiban (A: OXT receptor inhibitor) applied to bovine satellite cells (BSCs) to investigate BSC regulation by OXT. Oxytocin alone increased fusion index (P
Acoustic fields and forces in drug delivery applications

For ultrasound drug delivery applications, the ability to manipulate and move both the carriers and their payloads provides a way of increasing over efficacy. Both primary and secondary acoustic radiation forces have been used though the optimal acoustic forcing parameters and delivery system are subject to on-going investigations. The primary radiation or Bjerknes force occurs from inhomogeneous propagation of the acoustic field and has been used to direct targeted ultrasound contrast agents or particles in vessels towards endothelial cells or pathological targets at the vessel wall. Secondary Bjerknes forces arise from multiple scattering effects between neighboring particles. For corresponding attractive force regimes, greater particle congregation is possible. Overview of theoretical background and predictions of the acoustic radiation forces is given. The formulation of particle translation by primary radiation in the long wavelength limit is discussed with respect to unsteady drag. Pair wise interaction between particles moving in tandem is compared with formulations for along the lines of center. Nonstationary forcing with respect to amplitude modulation or frequency (chirp) alters the attraction and repulsion regimes compared to continuous forcing. Cellular transport for payloads may be enhanced using more optimally tuned pulse sequences.For ultrasound drug delivery applications, the ability to manipulate and move both the carriers and their payloads provides a way of increasing over efficacy. Both primary and secondary acoustic radiation forces have been used though the optimal acoustic forcing parameters and delivery system are subject to on-going investigations. The primary radiation or Bjerknes force occurs from inhomogeneous propagation of the acoustic field and has been used to direct targeted ultrasound contrast agents or particles in vessels towards endothelial cells or pathological targets at the vessel wall. Secondary Bjerknes forces arise from multiple scattering effects between neighboring particles. For corresponding attractive force regimes, greater particle congregation is possible. Overview of theoretical background and predictions of the acoustic radiation forces is given. The formulation of particle translation by primary radiation in the long wavelength limit is discussed with respect to unsteady drag. Pair wise interac...
The next frontier for measurement and evaluation: Social impact measurement for impact investing and market solutions

Having invested in the architecture for the field of impact investing, and consistent with its long-standing commitment to advancing development and prosperity in Africa, The Rockefeller Foundation is proud to support this special edition of the African Evaluation Journal focused on social impact measurement in Africa.
Prevalence of Meeting Physical Activity, Screen-Time, and Sleep Guidelines Among Children and Adolescents With and Without Visual Impairments in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree to which children and adolescents with and without visual impairments (VIs) met national physical activity, screen-time, and sleep guidelines. This observational, cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health focused on children (age 6–12 yr) and adolescents (age 13–17 yr) with and without VIs. The sample included 241 (weighted n = 472,127) and 17,610 (weighted n = 28,249,833) children, and 255 (weighted n = 505,401) and 17,417 (weighted n = 20,071,557) adolescents with and without VIs, respectively. Chi-square statistics were computed to examine the degree to which participants with and without VIs met health-behavior guidelines. Children (p = .02) with VIs were less likely to meet screen-time guidelines, but adolescents with VIs were not (p = .87). VI status was not associated with the likelihood of meeting physical activity or sleep guidelines (p < .05). Low numbers of children and adolescents with and without VIs meeting health-behavior guidelines warrant targeted interventions aimed at enhancing engagement.
Multi-axial and multi-energy channeling study of disorder evolution in ion-irradiated nickel

Abstract To better understand defect structure and the evolution of irradiation-induced damage in single crystal Ni, in situ Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling geometry (RBS/C) is performed along the , , and axes with different probing beam energies. The RBS/C data reveal that damage evolution occurs in three steps. The first step at low doses (up to 0.09 dpa), characterized by a linear increase with dose, is related to the formation of point defects and small clusters. The second step in the intermediate dose range (0.09–0.4 dpa) shows a sublinear increase in disorder to saturation. This sublinear increase is due to the growth of defect clusters resulting from the interaction of irradiation-induced defects with already existing damage from previous ion impacts. The third step at high doses (0.4–13.39 dpa) exhibits a surprising decrease in the disorder level, which may be attributed to defect evolution from black spot defects to large dislocation loops that leads to strain relaxation. In addition, the damage extends much deeper than the predicted depths and is attributed to a long-range defect migration effect confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Although similar damage evolution trends have been observed along all channeling directions, the disorder accumulation is largest along the and axes than observed along axis. This “preferential” disordering process along and suggests that more defects are shielded by the atomic rows than the two other axes. The co-existence of both uncorrelated displaced lattice atoms and dislocation loops in Ni irradiated at 1 ions/nm 2 is revealed by the energy-dependent RBS/C studies along all three axes. In contrast, dislocation loops and stacking fault tetrahedral are simultaneously present in the crystal structure of Ni irradiated at 100 ions/nm 2 that is consistent with previous molecular dynamics simulations and TEM observations.
A review of tech-based self-help treatment programs for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Technology-based self-help treatment programs for OCD have the potential to offer low to no cost treatment to those who may not have access to OCD treatment providers, to compliment on-going therapy and to assist individuals in maintaining treatment gains. To date, the quality of these programs is largely unassessed. This review examines the currently available technology-based self-help treatment programs for OCD. Search results from Google.com , the Apple App Store, and the Google Play Store were reviewed, with 15 programs included in the final review. Research support for the programs was generally nonexistent or very limited. Seven of the programs were deemed empirically-based, despite little to no research support, due to incorporating quality psychoeducation and exposure and response prevention (ERP) elements. The unique strengths of each of these programs are reviewed. The eight non-empirically-based programs varied in quality and function, but many included potentially useful components. Directions and considerations for future tech-based treatment programs are discussed.
Virginity Re-imagined

This chapter develops a sense of self which is indissociable from its intrinsic generosity and responsibility toward the other. This section attempts a commentary on the metaphor of the “vineyard” which, in the Song of Songs, refers to the woman’s sexuality. I show how this metaphor is used in a subversive way in our text so as to describe a novel form of freedom as consisting in being-for the other, but not in a way that is submissive or alienating, rather one that is in tune with the Shulamite’s deepest longings and desires. I conclude with a reflection on virginity as a gift of self rather than as a state of being that can be altered/taken/marred by someone else.
Supported-BinaryNet: Bitcell Array-based Weight Supports for Dynamic Accuracy-Latency Trade-offs in SRAM-based Binarized Neural Network

In this work, we introduce bitcell array-based support parameters to improve the prediction accuracy of SRAM-based binarized neural network (SRAM-BNN). Our approach enhances the training weight space of SRAM-BNN while requiring minimal overheads to a typical design. More flexibility of the weight space leads to higher prediction accuracy in our design. We adapt row digital-to-analog (DAC) converter, and computing flow in SRAM-BNN for bitcell array-based weight supports. Using the discussed interventions, our scheme also allows a dynamic trade-off of accuracy against latency to address dynamic latency constraints in typical real-time applications. We specifically discuss results on two training cases: (i) learning of support parameters on a pre-trained BNN and (ii) simultaneous learning of supports and weight binarization. In the former case, our approach reduces classification error in MNIST by 35.71% (error rate decreases from 1.4% to 0.91%). In the latter case, the error is reduced by 27.65% (error rate decreases from 1.4% to 1.13%). To reduce the power overheads, we propose a dynamic drop out a part of the support parameters. Our architecture can drop out 52% of the bitcell array-based support parameters without losing accuracy. We also characterize our design under varying degrees of process variability in the transistors.
The Impact of Device Innovation on Clinical Outcomes in Expander-based Breast Reconstruction.

Author(s): Momeni, Arash; Li, Alexander Y; Tsai, Jacqueline; Wan, Derrick; Karin, Mardi R; Wapnir, Irene L | Abstract: Staged expander-based breast reconstruction represents the most common reconstructive modality in the United States. The introduction of a novel tissue expander with an integrated drain (Sientra AlloX2) holds promise to further improve clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients who underwent immediate expander-based pre-pectoral breast reconstruction were identified. Two cohorts were created, that is, patients who underwent placement of a conventional tissue expander [133MX (Allergan)] (Group 1) versus AlloX2 (Sientra) (Group 2). The study endpoint was successful completion of expansion with the objective being to investigate differences in outcome following expander placement.ResultsFifty-eight patients underwent 99 breast reconstructions [Group 1: N = 24 (40 breasts) versus Group 2: N = 34 (59 breast)]. No differences were noted for age (P = 0.586), BMI (P = 0.109), history of radiation (P = 0.377), adjuvant radiotherapy (P = 1.00), and overall complication rate (P = 0.141). A significantly longer time to drain removal was noted in Group 1 (P l 0.001). All patients with postoperative infection in Group 1 required surgical treatment versus successful washout of the peri-prosthetic space via the AlloX2 drain port in 3 of 5 patients in Group 2 (P = 0.196). Furthermore, both cases of seroma in Group 1 required image-guided drainage versus in-office drainage via the AlloX2 drain port in 1 patient in Group 2 (P =0.333).ConclusionThe unique feature of the AlloX2 provides surgeons easy access to the peri-prosthetic space without altering any of the other characteristics of a tissue expander. This resulted in a reduced time to drain removal and facilitated management of postoperative seroma and infection.
Cessation of Intrathecal Tranexamic Acid Induced Status Epilepticus with Pentobarbital (P2.5-026)

Objective: We describe a patient with refractory myoclonic status epilepticus induced by accidental intrathecal tranexamic acid injection successfully treated with pentobarbital. Background: Tranexamic acid (C8H15NO2) is an antifibrinolytic agent used to reduce bleeding in surgical procedures. The agent also acts to reduce inhibitory current through glycine and GABA receptors, thus increasing excitability, which can result in seizures. Spinal anesthesia kits may contain this medication along with bupivacaine in similar appearing vials leading to accidental intrathecal injection of tranexamic acid, which can result in status epilepticus. Seizure control is variable despite the use of standard anti-epileptic medications. We describe a patient who developed refractory status epilepticus from intrathecal tranexamic acid injection successfully controlled with pentobarbital. Design/Methods: NA Results: A 78 yo female presented for elective left hip arthroplasty for which she received an epidural injection. After the surgery, she developed generalized myoclonic seizures. The seizure activity continued after intubation and doses of lorazepam, propofol, phenobarbital, levetiracetam, and fosphenytoin. Therefore, she was monitored on continuous EEG and loaded with pentobarbital. EEG initially showed nearly continuous generalized spike-wave discharges accompanied by clinical myoclonus consistent with electrographic and clinical status. As the patient was titrated to near maximum dose of pentobarbital, the pattern evolved to show more suppression, fewer bursts (1–2 per page) and no further myoclonus. Pentobarbital was slowly tapered off and she was maintained on fosphentyoin. After one week, she improved from a medication-induced coma state to following simple commands. Upon hospital discharge after 11 days, she had mild cognitive impairment but otherwise no focal neurological deficits. Conclusions: Accidental intrathecal tranexamic acid injection is a high mortality associated medical error that can cause refractory status epilepticus Despite her initial state, this patient had a full neurological recovery with the use of pentobarbital demonstrating that this agent may be an effective option for this type of provoked seizure. Disclosure: Dr. Prior has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chysna has nothing to disclose. Dr. Renga has nothing to disclose.
Abstract P166: Cardiovascular Disease Burden Among In-patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects minority women of childbearing age and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Understanding concomitant cardio...
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance the Recovery of Bone Marrow Impairment Caused After Radiation

Ionizing radiations are indispensable part of today’s disease diagnostics and treatments. Acquaintances with ionizing radiations (IR) such as X-rays and gamma (γ) rays have been increased drastically in human life. Bone marrow (BM) is one of the most sensitive tissues to radiations. Hematopoietic failure due to ionizing radiations is a major cause of mortalities after contact with a moderate or high dosage of total body irradiation (TBI). ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nutraceuticals essential for the body. Since these are compounds found in nature as well as are essential nutrients, unlike synthetic drugs, they are essential and safe for our body. Antioxidant potential of PUFAs protects the stem cells, and reports show that they control apoptotic and oxidative pathways. Intake of specific PUFAs and their metabolites can boost stem cell regeneration after radiation damage, proposing a promising application for PUFAs as an additional treatment to radiotherapy for recovery of bone marrow cells.
A framework for modeling fraud in E-waste management

Abstract Despite the adoption of electronic waste recycler certification schemes in the United States, there remain notable instances in which recyclers might engage in dishonest practices. To better understand mechanisms that may encourage honest electronics end-of-life management, we develop a framework to analyze the decision calculus of electronic waste recyclers facing a decision between an honest choice that might be more expensive or a dishonest choice that saves money but has some probability of being caught. Building an analytical decision tree model under which a recycler maximizes expected returns, we explore the influence of supervision on the choices a recycler faces and provide an analytical solution that describes the boundaries that separate those choices. Using our framework, we systematically catalog which interventions may help and which may not. The model suggests that direct unqualified subsidies to recyclers may not be particularly effective, although properly targeted subsidies have promise. We also find that there are substitution effects between increasing the cost of fraud and decreasing the costs of proper electronic waste recycling. That is, increasing the cost of fraud can serve as a policy instrument to produce effects similar to decreasing a recycler’s costs from engaging in honest behavior. We also discuss the role of digital fraud prevention technologies such as blockchain as another mechanism to help achieve sustainability outcomes in e-waste management while lowering the costs of third-party supervision.
COVID-19 hospital prevalence as a risk factor for mortality: an observational study of a multistate cohort of 62 hospitals.

Background The associated mortality with COVID-19 has improved compared with the early pandemic period. The effect of hospital COVID-19 patient prevalence on COVID-19 mortality has not been well studied. Methods We analysed data for adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to 62 hospitals within a multistate health system over 12 months. Mortality was evaluated based on patient demographic and clinical risk factors, COVID-19 hospital prevalence and calendar time period of the admission, using a generalised linear mixed model with site of care as the random effect. Results 38 104 patients with COVID-19 were hospitalised, and during their encounters, the prevalence of COVID-19 averaged 16% of the total hospitalised population. Between March–April 2020 and January–February 2021, COVID-19 mortality declined from 19% to 12% (p 25%: adjusted OR (AOR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.61; mid-prevalence (10%–25%): AOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.38). Mid and high COVID-19 prevalence accounted for 76% of patient encounters. Conclusions Although inpatient mortality for patients with COVID-19 has sharply declined compared with earlier in the pandemic, higher COVID-19 hospital prevalence remained a common risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Hospital leaders need to reconsider how we provide support to care for patients in times of increased volume and complexity, such as those experienced during COVID-19 surges.
Irreversible power and radiation resistance of antennas in magnetoionic media.

Radiation resistance of antennas in magnetoplasma, considering inapplicability of reversible power concept to steady state mode
Spin-dependent two-color Kapitza-Dirac effects

In this paper we present an analysis of the spin behavior of electrons propagating through a laser field. We present an experimentally realizable scenario in which spin-dependent effects of the interaction between the laser and the electrons are dominant. The laser interaction strength and incident electron velocity are in the nonrelativistic domain. This analysis may thus lead to novel methods of creating and characterizing spin-polarized nonrelativistic femtosecond electron pulses.
Understanding factors that limit enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass

Spectroscopic characterization of both untreated and treated material is being performed in order to determine changes in the biomass and the effects of pretreatment on crystallinity, lignin content, selected chemical bonds, and depolymerization of hemicellulose and lignin. The methods used are X-ray diffraction for determination of cellulose crystallinity (CrI); diffusive reflectance infrared (DRIFT) for changes in C-C and C-O bonds; and fluorescence to determine lignin content. Changes in spectral characteristics and crystallinity are statistically correlated with enzymatic hydrolysis results to identify and better understand the fundamental features of biomass that govern its enzymatic conversion to monomeric sugars. Models of the hydrolysis initial rate and 72 h extent of conversion were developed and evaluated. Results show that the hydrolysis initial rate is most influenced by the cellulose crystallinity, while lignin content most influences the extent of hydrolysis at 72 h. However, it should be noted that in this study only crystallinity, lignin, and selected chemical bonds were used as inputs to the models. The incorporation of additional parameters that affect the hydrolysis, like pore volume and size and surface area accessibility, would improve the predictive capability of the models.
Kinetics of aerobic cometabolism of chlorinated solvents.

The objectives of this paper are to review the wide range of kinetic models that have been introduced to describe the cometabolic oxidation of chlorinated solvents, to compare modeling approaches and associated experimental data, and to discuss knowledge gaps in the general topic of cometabolism kinetics. To begin, a brief description of the mechanism of oxygenase enzyme metabolism and its qualitative effects on cometabolic degradation kinetics is given. Next, a variety of kinetic expressions that have been used to describe cometabolism, ranging from adaptations of simple metabolic relationships to the development of complex equations that account for intracellular concentrations of key reaction species, are presented. A large number of kinetic coefficients published for a variety of oxygenase populations degrading a broad range of chlorinated solvents are categorized and compared. The discussion section of the paper contains an exploration of knowledge gaps that exist in our understanding of the kinetics of aerobic chlorinated solvent cometabolism. Specific topics covered include: • the use of half saturation constants (Ksc and Ksg) as estimates for inhibition constants (Kisc and Kisg) in saturation modeling expressions, • the specific nature of chlorinated solvent induced product toxicity and the capability for cells to recover from toxic effects, and • methods for incorporating reducing energy limitations into cometabolism models. Finally, the applicability of the broad range of kinetic modeling approaches to scale-up and field applications for in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents is discussed.
The k Ordering of Atomic Structure

The discovery by the author(1) of a new ordering principle or extended symmetry in atomic physics (characterized by the quantum number k) in 1976 pertains to the excited-state energy spectra of atoms and ions consisting of a single valence electron outside a core of closed shells. The k ordering applies specifically to medium and heavy atoms and ions, i.e., those with atomic number Z ≧ 11 (Na), so that there is at least one filled p shell in the electron core of the atom or ion. The k-ordering symmetry thus discovered represents in a basic sense the opposite limiting case to the level ordering according to n (n degeneracy) of the hydrogen atom, which will be referred to as the H ordering.
Type of false recognition and levels of processing in free recall

Subjects had a single immediate test on each of six successive free recall lists, under instructions to think of either rhymes or synonyms during input. This was followed by final free recall and a final recognition test, the latter involving homonyms and synonyms of words in the primacy, middle, or recency positions of the free recall lists. The results indicated that there was semantic encoding of recency items and that shallow encodings were more durable than expected.
Pathologic changes in muscle in primary fibromyalgia syndrome

Primary fibromyalgia syndrome, also inappropriately called "fibrositis," is a clinically recognizable nonarticular rheumatic condition with diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal aching and stiffness, accompanied by exaggerated tenderness at characteristic sites on physical examination. Results of muscle biopsy from 12 well-defined cases of primary fibromyalgia syndrome without any history of trauma have been published recently. Light microscopic examination revealed no evidence of inflammation. Histochemical analysis demonstrated type II fiber atrophy in seven patients and the "moth-eaten" appearance of type I fibers in five patients. Electron microscopic findings were most impressive, and included myofibrillar lysis with deposition of glycogen and abnormal mitochondria, as well as subsarcolemmal accumulation of glycogen and mitochondria in all 12 patients and papillary projections of sarcolemmal membrane in 11 patients. Mechanisms of these significant muscle changes in primary fibromyalgia syndrome are uncertain but may include subclinical injury of muscle spasm.
Short duration testosterone infusions maintain male sex behavior in Syrian hamsters.

Abstract In most mammalian species, reduced androgen availability is associated with marked reductions in male sexuality; conversely, androgen replacement in castrated males restores sex behavior within a few weeks. Testosterone (T) pulse duration, amplitude, frequency, and inter-pulse interval may be as important as total amount of hormone in determining target tissue responsiveness. We remain ignorant of the number and duration of daily T pulses necessary and sufficient to sustain male mating behavior. An in-dwelling infusion system was employed to vary T-pulse frequencies and durations. Daily 4 h infusions of aqueous T (100 μg/0.064 ml) and twice daily 4 h pulses of T (each 50 μg/0.064 ml) were sufficient to maintain ejaculatory behavior of sexually experienced castrated hamsters for 11 weeks post-castration; castrated hamsters infused with vehicle ceased to display the ejaculatory pattern 3 weeks after gonadectomy. Circulating T concentrations of hormone-infused hamsters declined markedly 7 h after the termination of each infusion. These results establish that male sex behavior can be sustained with infusions of relatively low T concentrations for 4 h/day and suggests that the basal concentrations of T sustained by the gonad during inter-pulse intervals may not be necessary for maintenance of sex behavior. 4 h T infusions were sufficient to maintain penile and seminal vesicles weights, but not ventral prostate weights or flank gland dimensions; the threshold for maintaining male sex behavior is lower than that for some androgen-dependent peripheral structures. Development of effective androgen replacement regimens that sustain sex behavior in castrated animals may be useful in the design of androgen replacement therapy for hypogonadal men.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Monocarbonyl Potential in Fresh Bovine Milk Fat

Abstract A quantitative study of various environmental and physiological factors on the monocarbonyl potential in heat-treated bovine milk fat was conducted. Analyses of monocarbonyls (as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones) indicate a definite seasonal trend, being higher in the winter than in the summer. A highly significant (P Analyses of weekly samples throughout a complete lactation of the monocarbonyls and methyl ketones indicated a positive correlation (P
Delineating novel signature patterns of altered gene expression in schizophrenia using gene microarrays.

Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating brain disorder that affects 1% of the population and ranks as one of the most costly disorders to afflict humans. This disorder typically has its clinical onset in late adolescence or early adulthood, presenting as a constellation of delusions and hallucinations (positive symptoms); decreased motivation, emotional expression, and social interactions (negative symptoms); and impaired learning and memory (cognitive symptoms). The etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, but appears to be multifaceted, with genetic and epigenetic developmental factors all implicated. A convergence of observations from clinical, neuroimaging, and anatomical studies has implicated the dorsal prefrontal cortex as a major locus of alterations in schizophrenia.
Preparation of V-Doped Titanium-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag and its Antibacterial Activity to Mildew

Photocatalyst of perovskite type V-doped titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (VTBBFS) were prepared by high temperature solid-state method with different concentration of V for 2 hours at 800°C. The structure and composition of VTBBFS photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, UV-vis absorption spectra, and SEM images. It shows that VTBBFS photocatalyst has perovskite structure, and a kind of irregular and massive particles by calcined at 800°C. Its photo absorption performance was checked by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, its absorption spectrum has a obvious red shift. Use Aspergillus Niger to research the antibacterial activities of VTBBFS photocatalyst. The results show the antibacterial activities of VTBBFS photocatalyst has a good antibacterial performance with 5% diluent of VTBBFS15 under the UV light.
Nuclear genome characterization and carrageenan analysis of Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Rhodophyta) from North Carolina

DNA reassociation kinetics were used to determine nuclear genome organization and complexity inGymnogongrus griffithsiae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Results indicate the presence of three second order components corresponding to fast (3%), intermediate (8%) and slow (89%) fractions. Thus the genome consists mainly of unique sequences. Thermal denaturation (T m) indicated a nuclear DNA base pair composition of 40 mol% G + C. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI was used to confirm ploidy level differences in the gametophytic and tetrasporoblastic phases. Comparisons of mean nuclear DNA (I f) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.32 pg/2 C genome forGymnogongrus griffithsiae. Karyological studies using aceto-orcein revealed the presence of ca. 23 bivalents during diakinesis of tetrasporangial mother cells. Total carrageenan content in water extraction was 30% dry weight. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the isolated carrageenan to be the iota-fraction.
Manganese and iron porphyrins catalyze peroxynitrite decomposition and simultaneously increase nitration and oxidant yield: implications for their use as peroxynitrite scavengers in vivo.

Abstract Twelve substituted metalloporphyrins (MPs), some of which have been previously characterized with respect to superoxide dismutase and peroxynitrite decomposing activities, were evaluated for their ability to scavenge peroxynitrite in vitro at 37°C. Because the overall effectiveness of MPs as catalytic peroxynitrite scavengers is a function of (1) how fast they react with peroxynitrite, (2) how fast they cycle back to the starting compound, and (3) how well they contain or quench the reactive intermediates generated, all of these properties were evaluated and compared directly under the same conditions. Of the various MPs tested, only the iron and manganese porphyrins showed significant reactivity with peroxynitrite. The Mn(IV) intermediates resulting from oxidation by peroxynitrite were relatively stable and rereduction to the Mn(III) forms was rate-limiting to catalytic decomposition of peroxynitrite. However, in the presence of oxidizeable substrates like phenolics, rereduction of Mn(IV) forms occurred very rapidly and both the Mn- and Fe-porphyrins catalyzed nitration and oxidation by peroxynitrite. Mn- and Fe-porphyrins enhanced the yield of nitrated phenolics by peroxynitrite as much as 5-fold at pH 7.4 and up to 12-fold at pH 9.1, while total oxidative yield was more than doubled. Nitration enhancement by MPs was effectively inhibited by ascorbate, glutathione, or serum, although much higher concentrations of ascorbate were required to inhibit nitration catalyzed by either Mn or Fe tetramethylpyridyl porphyrin. Catalysis of peroxynitrite nitration by MPs appears to proceed via a radical-mediated reaction mechanism whereby the phenolic substrate rapidly reduces Mn(IV) = O or Fe[IV] = O to the +3 state to yield phenoxyl radical which then combines with the other primary product, nitrogen dioxide. Based on the rate constants and the proposed reaction mechanism, it is reasonable to suggest that Mn and Fe porphyrins could detoxify peroxynitrite in vivo by efficiently trapping the relatively unreactive peroxynitrite anion and, in effect, channeling it into a single reaction pathway which could then be more effectively scavenged by cellular reductants like ascorbate.
Association of uPA, PAI-1, and uPAR in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) with breast cancer

PURPOSE: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and uPA receptor (uPAR) are prognostic factors in various cancer types, especially breast cancer. Less is known about the usefulness of these markers in breast cancer diagnosis. We sought to determine (1) whether uPA, PAI-1, and uPAR were detectable in breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), a physiologic fluid produced by the breast and collected noninvasively, and (2) the association of these markers in NAF with the presence of breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty NAF specimens were collected from women with and women without breast cancer. uPA, PAI-1, and uPAR expression in NAF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Median NAF PAI-1, but not uPA or uPAR, expression was higher in subjects with breast cancer than in those without breast cancer, regardless of whether expression was controlled for total NAF protein level. Median expression of PAI-1 per milligram of total NAF protein was higher in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women who had breast cancer than in women who did not. A multiple logistic regression model that included age, race, menopausal status, uPA, PAI-1, and uPAR level to differentiate patients with regard to cancer risk revealed that uPA, PAI-1, and age were each associated with risk (P < or = 0.019). Women whose NAF contained elevated uPA and PAI-1 levels were more likely to have cancer than women in whom both markers were not elevated. DISCUSSION: Our data suggest that PAI-1, alone or in combination with uPA, may be useful as a noninvasive biologic marker to aid in the detection of breast cancer.
Dendrimer Templated Synthesis of One Nanometer Rh and Pt Particles Supported on Mesoporous Silica: Catalytic Activity for Ethylene and Pyrrole Hydrogenation

Monodisperse rhodium (Rh) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles as small as ∼1 nm were synthesized within a fourth generation polyaminoamide (PAMAM) dendrimer, a hyperbranched polymer, in aqueous solution and immobilized by depositing onto a high-surface-area SBA-15 mesoporous support. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the as-synthesized Rh and Pt nanoparticles were mostly oxidized. Catalytic activity of the SBA-15 supported Rh and Pt nanoparticles was studied with ethylene hydrogenation at 273 and 293 K in 10 torr of ethylene and 100 torr of H2 after reduction (76 torr of H2 mixed with 690 torr of He) at different temperatures. Catalysts were active without removing the dendrimer capping but reached their highest activity after hydrogen reduction at a moderate temperature (423 K). When treated at a higher temperature (473, 573, and 673 K) in hydrogen, catalytic activity decreased. By using the same treatment that led to maximum ethylene hydrogenation activity, catalytic activity was also evaluate...
Drugs and social values.

(1970). Drugs and Social Values. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 313-319.
Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of cellulose acetate in the pH range of 2–10

A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of 39.8 wt.-% acetyl cellulose acetate has been made as a function of pH and temperature over the pH range of 2.2–10 and temperature range of 23–95°C. The hydrolysis reaction was carried out on highly porous membranes under quasihomogeneous conditions and the data have been treated as a pseudo-first-order reaction in acetyl concentration. The reaction can be represented by the equation , and where , and (where the quantities in brackets are activities of the ions shown).