cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the level of manganese in urine among welders of mechanical industry

Objective To investigate the level of manganese in urine among welders of mechanical industry in order to explore the application value of manganese in urine.Methods 8 861 welders(exposed group)and fitter 674(control group)in machinery manufacturing industry were taken as subjects.The urine manganese of them was analyzed;the manganese and its compounds in workplace air was detected.Results The detection rate of corneal clouding,clouding of the lens,otitis media,hearing loss,fatty liver and abnormal electrocardiogram of the exposed group was higher than the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P0.01 or P0.05);geometric mean of urinary manganese was(0.832±0.75)μg/L,exceeding the standard value by 0.6%,and higher than control group.The difference was statistically significant(P0.01);Geometric mean of the urinary manganese after shift was(1.706±0.79)μg/L,and higher than the morning urine.The difference was statistically significance(P0.01).The geometric mean of UMn in the welders increased with age,length of service,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions Manganese and its compounds had an impact on the health of welders.Urinary manganese after shift has some importance of for monitoring welders manganese poisoning.
Cause Analysis and Improvement of Frequently Permanent Close of Fault Current Limiter

For the fault current limiter in 500 kV Pingyao substation, introduction was made to the phenomena such as optical channel valve damage, active bypass protection action and permanent closing in the normal increasing process of line load current. This paper analyzed fundamental causes making the fault current limiter frequently permanent closing; raised modifying valve control and monitoring system programs; increased test time of thyristor control unit and added to monitor the remote reset function, which provided technical support for unattended substation.
The use of lecture videos, eBooks, and clickers in computer courses

This study describes the implementation of a series of technology tools to enhance the delivery of computer courses, specifically C++, COBOL, and SQL. The tools include: recorded lectures, video tutorials, electronic textbook, and a class response system. The study is based on lessons learned during the implementation of these tools. Statistical analysis of usage data did not show evidence of effect on grade performance. A discussion of the results is included.
“Out of Order!” Exposure, Experience, E-Learning, and Evaluation: An Interdisciplinary Studies Approach @ Service Learning

The integration of interdisciplinary studies with service learning can invoke meaningful, engaging, and sustainable learning with technology for students beyond the classroom. Service learning provides learners with opportunities to explore the real needs of a community, and connect content knowledge with prior experiences from both the classroom and life. Grounded in Dewey’s notion of “learning by doing,” service learning necessitates deep reflection, as students merge theory with practice. An interdisciplinary studies approach to service learning offers space wherein the adage still applies for students today, “Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will understand.”
Hewertson, R. B. Lead like it matters…because it does: Practical leadership tools to inspire and engage your people and create great results.: New York, NY: McGraw Hill. (2015). ISBN: 978-0-07-183302-8 (hardback). $25.00.

Based on research conducted while an adjunct professor at Cornell University's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Hewertson provides a supplemental reader on promoting effective leadership. ...
The compensatory interaction between user capabilities and technology capabilities in influencing task performance: an empirical assessment in telemedicine consultations

Although technology-enabled task performance has been a long-standing outcome of interest in information systems research, existing studies primarily emphasize characteristics of the technology and task, rather than the user, in shaping performance outcomes. Given that both technology and people have inherent limitations, a worthwhile research pursuit is to examine how one might compensate for the limitations of the other in order to achieve successful task performance. We propose a new conceptualization of user abilities, task-specific user capabilities, and examine their compensatory effects with technology capabilities in shaping performance outcomes within the context of e-consultations (i.e., technology-mediated expert consultations). Specifically, we theorize the user capabilities of presentation (information giving) and elicitation (information seeking) as the task-specific user capabilities in this context. Leveraging the theory of compensatory adaptation, we propose that these user capabilities can overcome the limitations of technology and result in successful task performance outcomes. We employ mixed methods (qualitative field study, survey field study, and a lab experiment) to develop and test our model within the context of telemedicine consultations, a form of e-consultation. Convergent findings across the studies suggest that both user capabilities and technology capabilities are important facilitators of task performance and that these capabilities compensate for each other.
Literature Focus Units as a Means of Exploring the Refugee Experience

Changes in the nation’s demographics, a current focus on immigration, and the world’s refugee crisis require educators to explore positive ways to assist students and families in transition. This article suggests using refugee literature to help ease children into the new school environment. Books associated with the refugee theme are organized using the literature focus unit framework. Four specific children’s literature titles are highlighted within the piece; however, the suggested books and activities are provided as a model to assist teachers in gaining new insight into how they can use cross-cultural communication to explore the refugee experience. We propose that through this exemplar unit, teachers can learn about authentic instructional approaches that may help them meet the multicultural needs of a variety of diverse student groups.
Commercialization of energy related technology to industry: the case of the US national energy laboratories

There has been a dramatic increase in legislative initiatives in the United States to foster the transfer of public technology to private industry. These initiatives have, in effect, provided a new rationale for the national laboratories: a role to play in the United States' technological and competitive position in world markets. US energy laboratories have been particularly affected by these changes. This paper reports findings from a study of the commercialization of nine energy laboratories. The issues of what makes commercialization successful and what lies ahead for energy R&D in the public sphere are discussed.
Maintain and Regain Well Clear: Maneuver Guidance Designs for Pilots Performing the Detect-and-Avoid Task

In order to support the future expansion and integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), ongoing research efforts have sought to produce findings that inform the minimum display information elements required for acceptable UAS pilot response times and traffic avoidance. Previous simulations have revealed performance benefits associated with DAA displays containing predictive information and suggestive maneuver guidance tools in the form of banding. The present study investigated the impact of various maneuver guidance display configurations on detect-and-avoid (DAA) task performance in a simulated airspace environment. UAS pilots’ ability to maintain DAA well clear was compared between displays with either the presence or absence of green DAA bands, which indicated conflict-free flight regions. Additional display comparisons assessed pilots’ ability to regain DAA well clear with two different guidance presentations designed to aid in DAA well clear recovery during critical encounters. Performance implications and display considerations for future UAS DAA systems are discussed.
Epigenetics: The third pillar of nitric oxide signaling.

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO), the endogenously produced free radical signaling molecule, is generally thought to function via its interactions with heme-containing proteins, such as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), or by the formation of protein adducts containing nitrogen oxide functional groups (such as S -nitrosothiols, 3-nitrotyrosine, and dinitrosyliron complexes). These two types of interactions result in a multitude of down-stream effects that regulate numerous functions in physiology and disease. Of the numerous purported NO signaling mechanisms, epigenetic regulation has gained considerable interest in recent years. There is now abundant experimental evidence to establish NO as an endogenous epigenetic regulator of gene expression and cell phenotype. Nitric oxide has been shown to influence key aspects of epigenetic regulation that include histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA levels. Studies across disease states have observed NO-mediated regulation of epigenetic protein expression and enzymatic activity resulting in remodeling of the epigenetic landscape to ultimately influence gene expression. In addition to the well-established pathways of NO signaling, epigenetic mechanisms may provide much-needed explanations for poorly understood context-specific effects of NO. These findings provide more insight into the molecular mechanisms of NO signaling and increase our ability to dissect its functional role(s) in specific micro-environments in health and disease. This review will summarize the current state of NO signaling via epigenetic mechanisms (the “third pillar” of NO signaling).
Mutual Forbearance in Factor Market Rivalry

Rivalry not only occurs in product markets, but also in factor markets (i.e., competition over the acquisition of valuable resources); yet, prior studies on multimarket contact have largely focused...
Electrochemical Nickel Catalysis for Sp2-Sp3 Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions of Unactivated Alkyl Halides.

A constant-current electrochemical method for reducing catalytic nickel complexes in sp2-sp3 cross-electrophile coupling reactions has been developed. The electrochemical reduction provides reliable nickel catalyst activation and turnover and offers a tunable parameter for reaction optimization, in contrast to more standard activated metal powder reductants. The electrochemical reactions give yields (i.e., 51–86%) and selectivities as high or superior to those using metal powder reductants and provide access to a wider substrate scope.
Observational study of the differential impact of time-varying depressive symptoms on all-cause and cause-specific mortality by health status in community-dwelling adults: the REGARDS study

Objective To assess the association between time-varying depressive symptoms with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Design The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) is a national, population-based longitudinal study conducted from 2003 to 2007. Setting General continental US communities. Participants 29 491 black and white US adults ≥45 years randomly sampled within race–sex–geographical strata. Exposure Elevated depressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) 4≥4) measured at baseline and on average 5 and 7 years later. Main outcome measures Cox proportional hazard regression models assessed cancer, non-cardiovascular (cardiovascular disease (CVD)), CVD and all-cause mortality. Results The average age was 64.9 years; 55% were women; 41% black; 11.0% had elevated depressive symptoms; 54% had poor, fair or good health. Time-varying depressive symptoms were significantly associated with non-CVD (adjusted HR (aHR)=1.29, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.44) and all-cause (aHR=1.24, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.39), but not cancer (aHR=1.15, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.38) or CVD (aHR=1.13, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.32) death adjusting for demographics, chronic clinical diseases, behavioural risk factors and physiological factors. Depressive symptoms were related to all-cause (aHR=1.48, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.78), CVD (aHR=1.37, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.91), non-CVD (aHR=1.54, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.92) and cancer (aHR=1.36, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.91) death in those who reported excellent or very good health. The analyses of the association between one measure of baseline depressive symptoms and mortality analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions Time-varying depressive symptoms confer an increased risk for all-cause mortality, CVD, non-CVD death and cancer death, particularly in those with excellent or very good health. These findings may have implications for timely treatment, regardless of health status.
High-throughput formation of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids and entrapment in alginate hydrogels

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue repair and regeneration due to their multilineage capacity, potential for autologous use, and secretion of potent bioactive factors to catalyze the endogenous repair program. However, a major limitation to current cell-based tissue engineering approaches is the drastic loss of cells upon transplantation. The causation of this loss, whether due to apoptosis following a dramatic change in the microenvironment or migration away from the defect site, has yet to be determined. MSCs formed into aggregates, known as spheroids, possess a strong therapeutic advantage compared to the more commonly used dissociated cells due to their improved resistance to apoptosis and increased secretion of endogenous trophic factors. Furthermore, the use of biomaterials such as alginate hydrogels to transplant cells in situ improves cell survival, localizes payloads at the defect site, and facilitates continued instruction of cells by manipulating the biophysical properties of the biomaterial. Transplantation of MSC spheroids without a vehicle into tissue defects comprises the majority of studies to date, ceding control of spheroid function due to the cell's interaction with the native tissue extracellular matrix and abrogating the established benefits of spheroid formation. Thus, there is a significant need to consider the role of biomaterials in transplanting MSC spheroids using an appropriate carrier. In this chapter, we describe high-throughput formation of spheroids, steps for further characterization, and encapsulation in alginate hydrogels with an eye toward localizing MSC spheroids at the target site.
Capture of bacterial pathogens in liquid streams by multiple layers of phage based bio-molecular filter

Foodborne illness is a common public health problem because food can be contaminated with pathogens at any point in the farm-to-table continuum. This paper presents a method of capturing a quantity of a specific bacterial pathogen in a large volume of liquid using a biomolecular recognition filter. The filter consists of support frames made of a soft magnetic material and solenoid coils for magnetization/demagnetization of the frames. This filter is a planar, multi-layered arrangement of strip-shaped, phage-immobilized magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors that are magnetically held and arrayed on the filter frames. As a large volume of liquid passes through the biomolecular filter, the pathogen of interest is captured by the phage immobilized ME biosensors. This biomolecular filter is designed to capture a specific pathogen and allow non-specific debris to pass, thus avoiding a common clogging issue in conventional bead filters. In this work, single layer, double layers and triple layers of filter were test to capture Salmonella Typhimurium in a large volume of water. The effects of multiplication of filter layers on Salmonella capture efficiency will be discussed.
Perspectives: an international review of the national cost estimates of mental illness, 1990-2003.

Background Mental illness is a major group of disorder that can lead to both physical and emotional disability. Policymakers need to learn not only the epidemiological indicators of mental illness, such as prevalence rate and incidence rate, but also the size of its negative impact on the economy. Aims of the study This study is to review international publications on cost of major mental illness literature, from 1990 to 2003, focusing on the concepts, methods, and future perspective of cost illness studies. Reviewing the status quo on costs of mental illness can provide further information about gaps, limitations, and future needs on this topic. Method This review searched all major international journals in psychiatry, clinical psychology, health economics, and mental health policy published since 1990. All national or aggregate cost of mental illness studies were included in the review. All were individually reviewed using a conceptual framework of cost of illness methodology. Results A large majority of published cost of mental illness studies were conducted in the US and UK. Cost of illness studies were lacking from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Empirical results from the reviewed studies indicate that the negative economic consequences of mental illness far exceed the direct costs of treatment, thus making it important to treat mental illness. Direct treatment costs for each mental disorder (i.e. depression, schizophrenia, dementia, etc.) is between 1% and 2% of total national health care costs. Discussion The studies reviewed indicate great variation in cost estimates even for the same mental disorder during the same time period within a country. These wide variations may be due to differences in disorder classification, definition of cost categories, sample populations, data sources, and discounting rate. Given the limitations of the cost of illness studies reviewed, one should be careful in interpreting and using these estimated results. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH SERVICES: These cost studies can be useful for understanding the magnitude of treating an illness of economic consequences or economic consequences of an illness for purposes of planning or budgeting. Such studies are one way to inform policymakers about economic consequences of mental illness.
Cataracts and Ultraviolet Light

A broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation comes from the sun. The eye is a unique organ that is specially designed to respond exquisitely to some wavelengths of radiation, namely, visible radiation (440–700nm). The cornea and the lens transmit most of the visible radiation through to the retina where we perceive it as formed images. The cornea, the front part of the eye, absorbs almost all the radiation below 290nm, protecting the rest of the eye from the shorter wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UV-C).
Lunacharskii Versus the Proletcult

After the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, an intense interest in history manifested itself, not only in professional theatres, but also in the many amateur groups attached to workers’ clubs. The Russian past was looked on as a gradual preparation for the October Revolution, and world history as the road man trod toward freedom and justice. The hero of the plays was always the people or one of its representatives—a freedom fighter or a humanist—drawn from the four corners of the earth. But, in the first years after the Revolution, only the lowest layers of society were considered worthy of depiction. A number of writers even went so far as to make the masses the play’s protagonist.
Texting Brief Podcasts to Deliver Faculty Development to Community-Based Preceptors in Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships.

Introduction Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) are an increasingly popular clerkship model that relies heavily on community-based preceptors. The availability of an engaged and prepared com...
Abstract TP362: Implementation of a Stroke Response Nurse to Decrease Door to Groin Puncture Times in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Intervention for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: A focus on timely reperfusion is a key component to improving outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular procedures. Since there are many patient factors s...
ASAP: fast, approximate graph pattern mining at scale

While there has been a tremendous interest in processing data that has an underlying graph structure, existing distributed graph processing systems take several minutes or even hours to mine simple patterns on graphs. This paper presents ASAP, a fast, approximate computation engine for graph pattern mining. ASAP leverages state-of-the-art results in graph approximation theory, and extends it to general graph patterns in distributed settings. To enable the users to navigate the tradeoff between the result accuracy and latency, we propose a novel approach to build the Error-Latency Profile (ELP) for a given computation. We have implemented ASAP on a general-purpose distributed dataflow platform and evaluated it extensively on several graph patterns. Our experimental results show that ASAP outperforms existing exact pattern mining solutions by up to 77×. Further, ASAP can scale to graphs with billions of edges without the need for large clusters.
The Search for Disease-Modifying Therapies in Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its severe subtype pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) encompass a set of multifactorial diseases defined by sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and...
Reply to Furlan et al.: The role of SIRT1 in cell autonomous clock function

As the mathematical model developed by Woller et al. (1) also considers the role of SIRT1 in circadian clock, we regret not citing this work. However, we feel the inferences drawn in Furlan et al.’s (2) letter conflate 2 distinct studies with disparate purposes and methods. In Foteinou et al. (3), we address the role of SIRT1 in cell-autonomous clock function. We undertook this experimentation and modeling to resolve the conflicting reports by Asher et al. (4) and Nakahata et al. (5), elucidating … [↵][1]5To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: frank_doyle{at}seas.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
An evaluation of reports of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin-association neuropsychiatric toxicities, long-term disability, and aortic aneurysms/dissections disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency

Introduction: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin belong to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics and are amongst the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. In 2018 and 2019, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) requested that manufacturers harmonize FQ safety information related to neuropsychiatric, aortic dissection, and long-term disability. The authors hypothesize that FDA and EMA epidemiologists support a strong association between these drugs and the three toxicities. Areas covered: Studies of FQ-associated neuropsychiatric toxicity, long-term disability, and aortic ruptures/dissections. Clinical sources include FDA Advisory Committee documents, a 2014 Citizen Petition filed with the FDA requesting safety information additions to FQ labels for neuropsychiatric toxicities (partially granted in 2018), an under-review Citizen Petition under review by the FDA requesting a FQ Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, and safety notifications from the EMA. Expert opinion: FDA and the EMA report state that neuropsychiatric toxicity, long-term disability, and aortic dissections//aneurysms occur with all FQs. Disability and neuropsychiatric toxicity can occur after one dose or several months after FQs. United States' and European' regulators warn physicians not to prescribe FQs for uncomplicated acute urinary tract infection, sinusitis, or bronchitis, unless other possible choices are tried first, as risks outweigh benefits in these settings.
Operative resection in early stage pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the United States: Are we over- or undertreating patients?

Abstract Background Many current guidelines recommend nonoperative management for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Methods Using the National Cancer Database (2004–2014), 3,243 cases of T1 (≤2.0 cm) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were identified. Additional patient and tumor characteristics were examined. Multivariate models were used to identify factors that predicted resection and to assess patient survival after resection. Results 75% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors measuring 0 to 1.0 cm and 80% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors measuring >1.0 and ≤2.0 cm were resected. Eighty-four pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were functional, of which 82% were resected. Variables influencing resection included positive lymph nodes, tumor in body or tail of pancreas, well or moderately differentiated tumors, and resection at academic medical centers (odds ratio 1.5–4.9). When controlling for other variables, patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors 1 to 2 cm who underwent resection had a prolonged 5-year survival rate (hazard ratio 0.51, confidence interval 0.34–0.75) when compared with those who did not undergo resection. This survival benefit of resection was not found for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors 0 to 1 cm (hazard ratio = 0.63, confidence interval 0.36–1.11). Conclusions Contrary to many current recommendations, most patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors ≤2.0 cm undergo surgical resection in the United States. A survival benefit was found for resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors 1 to 2 cm, suggesting that current recommendations should perhaps be revised.
Multimodal Ranked Search over Integrated Repository of Radiology Data Sources.

Radiology teaching files serve as a reference in the diagnosis process and as a learning resource for radiology residents. Many public teaching file data sources are available online and private in-house repositories are maintained in most hospitals. However, the native interfaces for querying public repositories have limited capabilities. The Integrated Radiology Image Search (IRIS) Engine was designed to combine public data sources and in-house teaching files into a single resource. In this paper, we present and evaluate ranking strategies that prioritize the most relevant teaching files for a query. We quantify query context through a weighted text-based search and with ontology integration. We also incorporate an image-based search that allows finding visually similar teaching files. Finally, we augment text-based search results with image-based search – a hybrid approach that further improves search result relevance. We demonstrate that this novel approach to searching radiology data produces promising results by evaluating it with an expert panel of reviewers and by comparing our search performance against other publicly available search engines.
Ischemic and Bleeding Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Contraindications to Oral Anticoagulation

Abstract Objectives This study sought to describe clinical outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and contraindications to oral anticoagulation (OAC). Background Treatment with OAC prevents stroke and death in patients with AF, but may be contraindicated among patients at high bleeding risk. Methods This was an observational, longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative 5% Medicare sample of patients with chronic AF and CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category) score ≥2. They were stratified by both the presence of high bleeding risk contraindications to OAC and by OAC use. We assessed 3-year ischemic and bleeding outcomes using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for relevant patient characteristics. Results Among 26,684 AF patients not treated with OAC, 8,283 (31%) had a high bleeding risk contraindication, primarily a blood dyscrasia (75%) or history of gastrointestinal bleeding (40%). Without OAC, patients with contraindications had worse ischemic and bleeding outcomes at 3 years compared with those without contraindications. We also identified 12,454 patients with OAC contraindications who received OAC. Compared with patients not receiving OAC, use of OAC was associated with reduced mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.83), stroke (adjusted HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.99), and all-cause hospitalization (adjusted HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.96) but increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.72). Conclusions High bleeding risk contraindications to OAC are common among older patients with AF, and these patients have higher mortality compared with untreated patients without OAC contraindications. The use of OAC in these patients is associated with lower rates of all-cause stroke, hospitalization, and death but higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
CHAPTER 2 – Undirected Graphs

Publisher Summary This chapter explains undirected graphs. The theory of graphs is concerned with the analysis of certain structures called linear graphs. These are not the graphs of functions, but are structures, such as the edges and vertices of a polyhedron, or the diagram of a lattice of subsets, that is, structures made up of points joined by line segments. The study of graphs can be divided in a number of basic ways: directed versus undirected graphs, finite versus infinite graphs, and labeled versus unlabeled graphs. In a directed graph, each line segment has a direction assigned to it. Such graphs are useful for the analysis of structures involving flow, such as flowcharts and PERT diagrams. Undirected graphs have no such assignment on their edges. They relate to more static situations, such as the study of data base structures. As undirected graphs come in all sizes, shapes, and colors, much of the work in graph theory is related to a few easily defined classes of graphs, such as regular, complete, and bipartite graphs, and trees. The chapter also discusses those classes.
Abstract 2496: Comparative transcriptome analysis of metastatic heterogeneity in a mouse model of breast cancer

Introduction: Cancer metastasis is a complex process involving the spread of malignant cells from a primary tumor to distal organs. Understanding this cascade at a mechanistic level could provide critical new insights into the disease and potentially reveal new avenues for treatment. Transcriptome profiling of spontaneous cancer models is an attractive method to examine the dynamic changes accompanying tumor cell spread. However, such studies are complicated by the underlying heterogeneity of the cell types involved. The purpose of this study was to examine the transcriptomes of metastatic breast cancer cells using the well established MMTV PyMT mouse model. Methods: A suite of organ derived metastatic cell lines were harvested from 10 female PyMT mice and used for transcriptome profiling. The cells were first extracted from mouse organs with metastatic disease. Tissues were processed into single cell suspensions. Cancer cells were isolated and sorted based on the expression of specific cell surface markers. Cells exhibiting CD44low EpCAMhigh or CD44high EpCAMhigh profiles were collected. RNA from each cell line was extracted in biological replicates for bulk RNA sequencing. Samples were sequenced using the NextSeq 500 Illumina platform. Reads were mapped to the mouse genome using STAR and gene expression was quantified using RSEM. Tissue specific genes were compared across the different metastatic and primary tumor samples. Results: Cell lines harvested from PyMT mice were able to recapitulate the metastatic cascade in vivo. Expression of the oncogenic PyMT transgene was observed in all cell lines. Comparison of RNA sequencing data across all cell populations produced distinct gene clusters. Differential gene expression patterns related to organ tropism and immunomodulatory signatures were observed. Furthermore, the sequencing results identified expression profiles based on tissue dependent niches and clonal heterogeneity. These cohorts of data were narrowed down to identify a subset of genes with high expression and known metastatic propensity. These key genes are being used to image specific stages of the metastatic cascade. Conclusion: The collection of organ derived cancer cell lines enabled comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of different metastatic niches. This transcriptome pattern could contribute to subclonal evolution during cancer progression. In future work, we aim to investigate intratumoral heterogeneity by preforming single cell RNA sequencing on key metastatic samples and compare them to the primary tumor. The markers will also be used to image the impact of tumor heterogeneity on metastases. Citation Format: Anastasia A. Ionkina, Gabriela Balderrama-Gutierrez, Steve Huy Phan, Ali Mortazavi, Jennifer A. Prescher. Comparative transcriptome analysis of metastatic heterogeneity in a mouse model of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2496.
A Note on Black Hole Information Paradox in de Sitter Spacetimes

The possibility of stable or quasi-stable Planck mass black hole remnants as solution to the black hole information paradox is commonly believed phenomenologically unacceptable. Since we need a black hole remnant for every possible initial state, the number of remnants is expected to be infinite and that would lead to remnant pair production in any physical process with a total available energy roughly exceeding the Planck mass. In this note I point out that a positive cosmological constant of the Universe would naturally lead to an upper bound on the number of possible remnants.
Schrödinger's equation as a diffusion equation

Schrodinger's equation can be considered as a diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient β 2 = ℏ / 2 m. In this article, we explore the implications of this view. Rewriting the wave function in a polar form and transforming Schrodinger's equation into two real equations, we show that one of them reduces to the continuity equation, and the other, a nonlinear dynamical equation for the probability density. Considering these two equations as if they were the basic equations of quantum mechanics, we apply them to several one-dimensional quantum systems. We show the dispersive properties in the probability densities of stationary states of a particle in a rigid box and in harmonic potential; quasi-classical Gaussian probability densities of a free particle; and coherent states and squeezed states of the harmonic oscillator. We also present the soliton as a quantum mechanical representation of a free particle. We discuss the meaning of the diffusion coefficient β 2 for each quantum system using a density plot.
Design Rules, Volume 2: Chapter 13—The Slowly Changing Structure of the Semiconductor Industry

Spurred by the success of the IBM PC, in the early 1980s, a new form of organization—the digital platform ecosystem—became common in all industries that used digital technology. Digital platform ecosystems were vertically distintegrated organizations, characterized by distributed governance, modularity, and openness. In contrast, semiconductor firms, which were subject to the same rate of technical change as platform ecosystems, remained vertically integrated to a large degree. The purpose of this chapter is to explain this difference in organizational evolution and outcomes. I argue that the technology of the planar process, which made possible high rates of technical change for downstream users, simultaneously rewarded the creation of large-scale flow production processes that became more integrated over time.
Impact of High Penetration of Inverter-based Generation on Electromechanical Wave Propagation in Power Grids.

A power system electromechanical wave propagates from the disturbance location to the rest of system, influencing various types of protections. In addition, since more power-electronics-interfaced generation and energy storage devices are being integrated into power systems, electromechanical wave propagation speeds in the future power systems are likely to change accordingly. In this paper, GPS-synchronized measurement data from a wide-area synchrophasor measurement system FNET/GridEye are used to analyze the characteristics of electromechanical wave propagation in the U.S. Eastern Interconnection (EI) system. Afterwards, high levels of photovoltaic (PV) penetration are modeled in the EI to investigate the influences of a typical power-electronics--interfaced resource on the electromechanical wave propagation speed. The result shows a direct correlation between the local penetration level of inverter-based generation and the electromechanical wave propagation speed.
Formation of Methane from Serine by Cell-free Extracts of Methanobacillus omelianskii

SUMMARY Extracts of Methanobacillus omelianskii catalyze the C1 transfer of carbon 3 of L-serine via N5, Nn-methylenetetrahydrofolate, and Nb-methyltetrahydrofolate to give methane. The methane- forming enzyme only functions in the presence of adenosine triphosphate, and although the role of adenosine triphosphate in this reaction is not understood, this cofactor has been shown to play an important part in the regulation of Cr transfer in this organism. The position of methylcobalamin in methane forma- tion is discussed. &lcnowledgment-We thank Mr. Norman Ryckman and Mr. Jack Althaus for assistance. 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. 10. 11. 12. SCHIRCH, L. G., AND MASON, M., J. Biol. Chem., 237, 2578 (1962). 13. SCHIRCH, L. G., AND MASON, M., J. Biol. Chem., 238, 1032 (1963). 14. BRILL, W. J., WOLIN, E. A., AND SOLFE, R. S., Sciewe, 144, 297 (1964). 15. WRIGHT, B. E., J. Biol. Chem., 219, 873 (1956). 16. KATZEN,
Mycosis fungoides with follicular mucinosis displaying aggressive tumor-stage transformation : successful treatment using radiation therapy plus oral bexarotene combination therapy.

Follicular mucinosis is a tissue reaction pattern characterized by mucin deposition with follicular sebaceous units and is found as an idiopathic, primary, benign process (alopecia mucinosa), or as a secondary process due to inflammatory and neoplastic disorders (mycosis fungoides). When associated with follicular mucinosis, mycosis fungoides commonly pursues an aggressive course, often undergoing large-cell transformation, which is associated with resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. We present a case of mycosis fungoides with follicular mucinosis that was treated with incomplete courses of interferon, isotretinoin, and polychemotherapy with subsequent rapid progression to tumor-stage mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation and nodal and bone marrow involvement. In this setting, the patient was treated with local radiation therapy, total-skin electron beam therapy, and therapy and maintenance with the oral retinoid-X-receptor retinoid bexarotene, and achieved a durable complete remission.
COMPUTERS IN MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

There are a number of possible approaches to a discussion of the place computers can and will play in microstructural analysis. We could, for example, devote our attention to a general discussion of “turn-key” computer/instrument systems which are supplied as part of a total analytical package by either an instrument manufacturer or an independent contractor who specializes in such developments. This sort of computer use is usually directed toward a very specific and carefully delimited problem in order to minimize, as much as possible, both the programming and hardware requirements. Alternately, we could discuss in detail a variety of very specific computer applications, developed by users to fit their particular needs. Both of these approaches are certainly useful in some contexts, but the present paper will focus, instead, on a general discussion of computer/analytical instrument interface requirements and a description of a flexible, modular approach to the whole question of using a computer in the laboratory. In particular, the advantages of using the rather inexpensive and easily programmable general purpose computer /interface systems now becoming available will be emphasized. In order to place the discussion in its appropriate context, a brief review of the backgio und of laboratory computer development and the premises upon which the present approach is based will be discussed. In this way, it will be possible to show that significant advantages can be obtained, in certain cases, by adoption of this or a similar philosophy when introducing computers into a microstructural analysis laboratory.
OverDrive for Medical and Consumer Health Libraries

E-book purchases have been on the rise in the general populations, as has the rise in e-book borrowing from public libraries. In the last few years, health-related, personal growth and leadership books for professionals and consumers have also been increasingly available in an e-book format. The librarians at Saint Joseph Hospital, which includes both a clinical and a consumer library, wanted to provide their patrons with this new type of e-collection to meet the growing interest. After looking at other options, OverDrive was chosen based on several factors: familiarity by public, ease of use, breadth of titles, support, few app downloads to access items.
Hydrogen Peroxide Enhances Radiation-induced Apoptosis and Inhibition of Melanoma Cell Proliferation

The efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) for melanoma is limited in part by its radioresistance. Here, we examined the radiosensitizing effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on a radioresistant melanoma cell line, HTB-65. We found that H(2)O(2) synergized with RT to inhibit melanoma cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. The antiproliferative effect of H(2)O(2)/RT correlated with increased expression of p15 and reduced expression of cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of H(2)O(2) /RT correlated with reduced expression of the B-cell CLL/lymphoma (BCL)2. These data highlight the potential of H(2)O(2) as a radiation sensitizer for melanoma treatment and show that this warrants further study.
Segmented attenuation correction for PET

The authors describe a hybrid measured/calculated method for attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (PET). This unified reconstruction/segmentation method is based on a penalized weighted least-squares objective function that is minimized using iterative coordinate-descent. Two penalty functions are compared: one for a discrete object parameterization, the other for a continuous parameterization. Simulations demonstrate that the methods can reduce the additional emission image variance typically introduced by noisy attenuation correction factors. >
The connection between selective referrals for radical cystectomy and radical prostatectomy and volume-outcome effects: an instrumental variables analysis.

This study delineates the roles of “selective referrals” and “practice makes perfect” in the hospital procedure volume and in-hospital mortality association for radical cystectomy and radical prostatectomy. This is a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (years 2000-2004). All hospitalizations with primary procedure codes for radical cystectomy and radical prostatectomy were selected. The association between hospital procedure volume and in-hospital mortality was examined using generalized estimating equations and by instrumental variables approaches. There was an inverse association between hospital procedure volume and in-hospital mortality for radical cystectomy (odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval = 0.38-0.87; P < .05). Results from the 2-stages least squares regression approach suggested that receiving treatment in high-volume hospitals decreased the probability of in-hospital mortality by 0.02 points, compared with 0.01 points using the ordinary least squares regression ap...
A New Method for the Analysis of Perturbed-Wall Waveguide Mode Converters

An improved method for the analysis of the fields within a section of nonuniform cylindrical waveguide is presented. The technique uses the method of successive approximations to obtain consistent solutions to the Stratton-Chu equations and the cylindrical harmonic representations of the fields that satisfy the Maxwell equations and the boundary conditions of the nonuniform waveguide. As opposed to some recently reported methods, this new method is not restricted to oversized waveguide structures and can directly evaluate the fields within a tapered section of waveguide. The method is validated by evaluating the fields within two different mode converters for gyrotron launchers. The accuracy is seen to be competitive with the commercial method of moments code, Surf3d, and requires a fraction of the computational resources.
Instructional Design and Project Management: Complementary or Divergent?.

This paper reports the results of a study to identify the extent to which organizations that develop educational/training products are committed to project management, as measured by their project management implementation maturity, as a methodology that is separate and distinct from the processes of instructional design. A Web survey was conducted among 103 public and private sector organizations worldwide that develop educational/training products. Results show no significant difference by project management maturity level in the roles of instructional designer and project manager, although there is some relationship between maturity level and how organizations perceive the skills/competencies of project managers versus those of instructional designers. Further, organizational decision-makers have very specific expectations about the formal education and training of educational/training product development project leaders. The findings should be of value to institutions of higher education in evaluating programs that prepare students for careers in instructional design.
Regional transport of TNF-α across the blood-brain barrier in young ICR and young and aged SAMP8 mice

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the exchange of regulatory substances, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), between the brain and the blood. Transport across the BBB of some regulatory substances is altered with aging. Here, we measured the blood to brain unidirectional influx rate (Ki) for whole brain and 10 brain regions for radioactively labeled TNF in three groups of mice: young (2 mo old) ICR (the standard outbred albino laboratory mouse also termed CD-1), young SAMP8 (a strain which develops impaired learning and memory with aging that correlates with an age-related increase in brain levels of amyloid beta protein), and aged (17 mo) SAMP8 mice. In ICR mice, the hypothalamus had the fastest (1.73 microl/g-min) and the parietal cortex the slowest (0.189 microl/g-min) rates of uptake, a regional difference of about 9 fold. No differences in transport into whole brain or brain regions occurred between the ICR and young SAMP8, showing a lack of differences between strains. Transport was higher for the occipital cortex, midbrain, and striatum in aged SAMP8 mice. These results show blood-borne TNF enters some regions of the brain much more readily than others and TNF transport is increased into some brain regions of the SAMP8 mice at an age when learning and memory are impaired.
Parallel image acquisition from noninteracting local coils

Amelioration de la vitesse d'acquisition en imagerie RMN par utilisation de plusieurs antennes de surface
Megaloblastic anaemia and pancytopenia secondary to prophylactic cotrimoxazole therapy.

: A case of megaloblastic anaemia and pancytopenia associated with prophylactic cotrimoxazole therapy is reported and discussed.