cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational physical activity in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

PURPOSE: Accumulation of physical activity throughout the day is recommended to reduce health risks and enhance quality of life. Yet, many epidemiologic studies measure leisure activity only, without assessment of occupational activity. The purposes of this study were to describe occupational activity and to quantify the association between occupational and leisure activity in 2991 African American and 8566 White middle-aged adults. METHODS: Physical activity was measured by the Baecke questionnaire in 1987–89 for participants 45 to 64 years of age in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. RESULTS: Reported occupational activity was greater among African American men and women compared to White men and women. Leisure activity was greater among White men and women compared to African American men and women. Work indices (range—1 (low) to 5 (high)) were highest among African American women (2.78) and men (2.72), followed by White men (2.55) and women (2.45), adjusted for age, study center, body mass index, and perceived health status. Those with the highest occupational activity had lower participation in any sport or exercise than those with lower occupational activity across race-gender groups. CONCLUSIONS: This data suggests that studies relying solely on leisure activity may miss important information provided by occupational physical activity.
Household food insecurity and medication “scrimping” among US adults with diabetes

Abstract Objective Our research examined the prevalence of food insecurity among adults with self-reported diabetes and whether food insecurity was associated with cutting back (“scrimping”) on prescribed medications because of financial constraints. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2011 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Adults completing this survey were considered to have diabetes if they reported current use of insulin or “diabetic pills” (n=3,242). Food insecurity was determined with a 10-item scale; respondents were categorized as food secure (FS), marginally food secure (MFS) or food insecure (FI). Results Approximately one in six adults in NHIS with diabetes reported food insecurity (17.0%), and an additional 8.8% were marginally FS. An individual was considered to be scrimping on medications if he/she gave a “yes” response to at least one of four questions pertaining to reduced, delayed or avoided medication use. Overall, 18.9% of respondents with diabetes reported one or more type of medication scrimping: 11.7% of FS individuals, 27.7% of MFS individuals and 45.6% of FI individuals. In adjusted analyses, marginal food security and food insecurity remained strongly associated with scrimping. Conclusions One-quarter of adults with diabetes may have difficulty obtaining foods appropriate for a diabetic diet; a substantial number of these individuals also fail to obtain or take medications. Practitioners may miss either problem unless targeted questions are included in clinical encounters. Clinicians should consider referring FI and MFS diabetic patients to community food resources.
(Z)-2-Amino-5-[2,4-dimeth-oxy-6-(4-methoxy-styr-yl)benzyl-idene]-1,3-thia-zol-4(5H)-one methanol solvate.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H20N2O4S·CH3OH, mol­ecules are linked into chains by a series of inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecular structure shows a double bond with Z geometry, connecting the thia­zolone and resveratrol units. The dihedral angle between the thiazolone ring and the nearest dimethoxy­benzene ring is 53.02 (7)°.
Human Pancreatic Islets Isolated From Donors With Elevated HbA1c Levels: Islet Yield and Graft Efficacy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated donor HbA1c levels (type 2 diabetes, T2D) on the islet yield and functionality postisolation. In this retrospective analysis, donors...
Interdisciplinary Research and Publication Opportunites in Information Systems and Health Care

Healthcare is a large and growing industry that is experiencing major transformation in its information technology base. IS confronted similar transformations in other industries and developed theories and methods that should prove useful in healthcare applications. In turn, IS may benefit from incorporating knowledge from health informatics, a discipline that studies IT within medical and healthcare contexts. Despite the benefits, it is often a struggle for interdisciplinary researchers in IS and healthcare to publish their work, especially in journals directed toward IS audiences. In this paper, we outline strategies and resources to help ease this publication bottleneck. As a part of our discussion, we identify and categorize journal outlets for interdisciplinary research in IS and healthcare.
Spin dynamics of radical pairs with restricted geometries and strong exchange coupling: the role of hyperfine coupling.

Subnanosecond radical pair (RP) formation by electron transfer from an excited singlet state or by bond breaking produces two correlated spins coupled by their spin–spin exchange (J) and magnetic dipole (D) interactions. In the high magnetic field limit, the two-spin system can be described by a singlet state (S) and three triplet states (T0, T+1, T–1). When J is small relative to the electron Zeeman interaction, |T0⟩ is the only triplet state that is populated by coherent spin mixing with the |S⟩ state because the |T+1⟩ and |T–1⟩ states are well-separated from |S⟩ by a large energy gap. Herein, we describe the spin dynamics for RPs having restricted geometries in which J is similar in magnitude to the electron Zeeman interaction and does not fluctuate significantly. Under these circumstances, depending on the sign of J, the energies of |T+1⟩ or |T–1⟩ are close to that of |S⟩ so that weak isotropic electron–nuclear hyperfine coupling leads to population of |T+1⟩ or |T–1⟩. An approximate relationship for t...
The Nature of Science and Its Uses for Education: Remarks on the Philosophical Import of Schwab's Work

Anyone familiar with American philosophy after the days of Dewey knows that it abandoned the grand manner. The ablest American philosophers continued to be interested in the nature and scope of science; but their motivation ceased to be as obviously religious, political, legal, or educational as it had been for their predecessors. They did not invest the problem of knowledge with the significance it had for Dewey, who felt-as Locke and Mill and James had-that the fate of a whole society might depend on the correct analysis of scientific method. [p. 301]
Medical-care seeking behavior for communicable diseases in floating population at Shijingshan District of Beijing

Objective To understand knowledge,attitude to communicable diseases and medical-care seeking behavior in the floating population,as well as their life-styles,customs and environment,at Shijingshan District,to provide evidence for health education.Methods Cluster sampling was used to conduct this study with face-to-face interview by questionnaire.Results About 3.1 percent of the floating population surveyed did not take any measures,24.09 percent of them chose self-treatment,71.9 percent went to hospital when they fell ill,but 19.4 percent chose to visit clinics at grassroots first when they fell ill,and they visited hospitals at higher level only if they were seriously ill.Conclusions Floating population is a vulnerable community,which should get special care by government and its relevant sectors,and related health policy should be formulated as soon as possible to strengthen management for them to ensure their benefit and health.
Impact of bending on flexible metal oxide TFTs and oscillator circuits

Thin-film circuits on plastic capable of high-frequency signal generation have important applications in large-area, flexible hybrid systems, enabling efficient wireless transmission of power and information. We explore oscillator circuits using zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (ZnO TFTs) deposited by the conformal, layer-by-layer growth technique of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. TFTs on three substrates—glass, 50-µm-thick freestanding polyimide, and 3.5-µm-thick spin-cast polyimide—are evaluated to identify the best candidate for high-frequency flexible oscillators. We find that TFTs on ultrathin plastic can endure bending to smaller radii than TFTs on commercial 50-µm-thick freestanding polyimide, and their superior dimensional stability furthermore allows for smaller gate resistances and device capacitances. Oscillators on ultrathin plastic with minimized parasitics achieve oscillation frequencies as high as 17 MHz, well above the cutoff frequency fT. Lastly, we observe a bending radius dependence of oscillation frequency for flexible TFT oscillators and examine how mitigating device parasitics benefits the oscillator frequency versus power consumption tradeoff.
Modulatory Effects of Myomodulin on the Excitability and Membrane Currents in Retzius Cells of the Leech

Ion channel modulation by the peptide myomodulin (MM) has been demonstrated in a wide variety of organisms including Aplysia, Lymnaea, andPleurobranchaea. This neural and muscular modulation has be...
Infantile achalasia: Brief clinical report

Achalasia of the esophagus is an unusual lesion in childhood and is quite rare under the age of one year. The case of a 3-month-old child with esophageal achalasia treated with a Heller esophagomyotomy is illustrated. Seven previously documented cases of achalasia in children under the age of one year are reviewed and the difficulties of diagnosing this lesion in childhood are discussed.
Memristors in biomembranes

Abstract A memristor is a nonlinear element; its current–voltage characteristic is similar to that of a Lissajous pattern. Recently, we found memristors as components of plasma membranes in many plants, fruits, and seeds. The analysis of presence of memristors in a bio-tissue is based on cyclic voltammetric characteristics where the memristor, a resistor with memory, should manifest itself. Tetraethylammonium chloride, an inhibitor of voltage-gated K+ channels, or NPPB, a blocker of voltage-gated Cl− and K+ channels, transform a memristor to a resistor in plant tissue. Uncouplers carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and carbonylcyanide-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl hydrazone (FCCP) decrease the amplitude of electrical responses at low and high frequencies of bipolar periodic electrostimulating waves. The discovery of memristors in the plant kingdom creates a new direction in the modeling and understanding of electrical phenomena in plant membrane structures.
Cerebral blood flow during the complex vocalization task of glossolalia

1257 Objectives: Glossolalia is an unusual mental state in which the individual appears to be speaking in an incomprehensible language, that they have no control over, and yet feel that it has great personal meaning. The individual describes a lack of voluntary control over the vocalizations and also alterations in their spatial orientation. This is the first imaging study to determine if glossolalia is associated with specific changes in cerebral activity. Methods: We studied 3 individuals (ages 41-52 years) who were adept at glossolalia and female. Since subjects need to be dancing and singing, we compared the glossolalia state to a dancing and singing state so that the only difference was whether they were engaged in glossolalia. Subjects had an intravenous catheter inserted and after 15 minutes, they were instructed to stand and begin singing. Approximately 5 minutes into the singing, the subject were injected with 250MBq of Tc-99m ECD. They completed their singing for another 10 minutes and then were scanned on a Picker 3000XP triple head camera with fan beam collimators for 40 minutes. Subjects then returned to the room to begin their glossolalia session. Approximately 5 minutes after beginning glossolalia, the subjects received a second injection of 925MBq ECD, performed the glossolalia for another 10 minutes, were stopped, and then underwent a second SPECT scan. Scans were resliced and aligned in the same plane and a region of interest template was placed on the initial brain scan and then copied onto the second scan. Counts in each region were determined and normalized to the mean whole brain counts to generate a region:whole brain ratio. A comparison of the glossolalia and singing scans were performed using the student’s t-test. Results: The data between the glossolalia and singing state revealed several significant differences in spite of the limited sample size. The right PFC decreased from a mean region to whole brain ratio (±SD) of 1.33±0.06 to 1.17±0.02 (decrease of 12%, p Conclusions: The observed cerebral blood flow changes are consistent with some of the described aspects of glossolalia. There is a perceived loss of control during glossolalia which may be related to the decreased PFC activity. There were no changes in any language areas suggesting that glossolalia is not associated with usual language function. The increase in the superior parietal lobes may be attributable to alterations in their spatial perceptions.
Structure–Function Insights of Membrane and Soluble Proteins Revealed by Electron Crystallography

Electron crystallography is emerging as an important method in solving protein structures. While it has found extensive applications in the understanding of membrane protein structure and function at a wide range of resolutions, from revealing oligomeric arrangements to atomic models, electron crystallography has also provided invaluable information on the soluble α/β-tubulin which could not be obtained by any other method to date. Examples of critical insights from selected structures of membrane proteins as well as α/β-tubulin are described here, demonstrating the vast potential of electron crystallography that is first beginning to unfold.
Religious Organizations and Large-Scale Health Related Lifestyle Change Programs

Abstract Religious organizations (ROs) offer several attributes as sites or as cooperative partners for chronic disease prevention programs. This article addresses a number of basic “principles” that may be used by health professionals for carefully and sensitively approaching ROs to obtain their cooperation in health promotion programs. Specific experiences from which these “principles” derive include the senior author's 10 years of working with religious organizations in Birmingham Alabama as program director of various parent education, high school dropout, and job training programs delivered as part of the Jefferson County Committee of Economic Opportunity, eight years of experience with ROs of Pawtucket Rhode Island as part of the Pawtucket Heart Health Program, and six years of experience with the Health and Religion Project involving 20 ROs scattered throughout both rural and urban (except Pawtucket) areas of Rhode Island. A high proportion of ROs can be involved in health promotion at some level, ...
Chinese Youth Literature: A Historical Overview

This chapter presents the history of Chinese youth literature within the dynamic sociopolitical and cultural context of modern China. Broadly defined as non-curriculum reading materials published for and read by children and young adults, youth literature is an important type of home literacy resource for young learners, even though it is still uncommon for Chinese school system to integrate the medium into formal teaching practices. The author discusses characteristics of youth literature during five periods of Chinese history beginning with the May Fourth Movement through contemporary times. Examples of typical works for children and young adults in each period are also provided. Close examination of notable titles shows that Chinese youth literature has been both a medium for children’s literacy acquisition and an end in itself by being made a distinct bearer of changing ideas, values, and ideologies to be instilled in young minds. The intricate relationship between youth literature and China’s education system is also highlighted.
First-Passage Percolation

First-passage percolation was introduced by Hammersley and Welsh in 1965 (see [13]), partly as a generalization of ordinary percolation. (For later surveys see [36], [21] and [22].) It can be thought of as a model for the spread of some material through a random medium, or a blight through an orchard, when time is regarded as an important factor. The medium is modeled by the edges of some graph. Roughly speaking, first-passage percolation investigates which points can be reached within a given time from a fixed starting point along the edges of the graph. As explained in section 1.3, first-passage percolation can also be viewed as a generalization of the Eden model, one of the earliest stochastic growth models. First-passage percolation or the Eden model also raise interesting questions about random surfaces. These questions come up naturally when one studies the fluctuations in the boundary of the set of points which can be reached by a given time (see [12], [24], [30] and section 3.3).
Like Father, Like Daughter-inherited cutis aplasia occurring in a family with Marfan syndrome: a case report.

Key Clinical Message We present the case of a newborn with co-occurrence of Marfan syndrome and aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and a family history significant for Marfan syndrome and ACC in the father. This case details a previously unreported mutation in Marfan syndrome and describes a novel coinheritance of Marfan syndrome and ACC.
UN ANÃLISIS CUANTITATIVO DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADÃ‰MICO DE ESTUDIANTES CON NECESIDADES ESPECIALES EN PROGRAMAS DE EDUCACIÃ“N BILINGÃœE DE INMERSIÃ“N RECÃPROCA E INGLÃ‰S COMO SEGUNDO IDIOMA EN TEXAS (A Quantitative Analysis of the Achievement of Children with Speci

El propA³sito de este estudio fue comparar el impacto del programa de InmersiA³n RecA­proca [TWI] y el de InglA©s como Segundo Idioma [ESL] en cuanto al aprovechamiento acadA©mico de los estudiantes con discapacidades y Limitados en la Destreza del InglA©s [LEP]. Se analizaron estadA­sticamente las calificaciones obtenidas en el examen de EvaluaciA³n de Conocimientos y Habilidades de Texas- Modificado [TAKS-M] en matemAiticas y lectura, durante el aA±o escolar 2008-2009 por niA±os con necesidades especiales cursando tercero, cuarto, y quinto aA±o de primaria inscritos en programas TWI y ESL en Texas. Los datos de los alumnos fueron obtenidos de la Agencia de EducaciA³n de Texas [TEA] y fueron analizados cuantitativamente por medio del SPSS versiA³n 13. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan los obtenidos por Marjorie L. Myers (2009). La significancia estadA­stica del impacto del programa TWI y del programa ESL en el aprovechamiento acadA©mico en lectura y matemAiticas por niA±os con discapacidades y LEP, fue de p > .05. En otras palabras, la diferencia no fue estadA­sticamente significativa; por consiguiente, las hipA³tesis nulas fueron aceptadas.
The Emotional Toll of Long-Term Unemployment: Examining the Interaction Effects of Gender and Marital Status

Prior research shows that long-term unemployment (LTU) generates a negative emotional toll but leaves unexplored how such toll varies by gender and marital status. Using a mixed-methods approach we examine how the negative emotional toll of LTU is shaped by the interaction of gender and marital status. Our qualitative findings suggest that more unemployed married men than women experience marital tensions that exacerbate the emotional toll of unemployment. Our analysis of survey data show that while marriages improve the well-being of both unemployed men and women, for married men but not women such benefits disappear once we control for household income. These findings contribute to the existing literature by deepening our understanding of how gender and marital status mediate the emotional toll of LTU.
Description of future drought indices in Virginia.

Abstract This article presents projected future drought occurrences in five river basins in Virginia. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models were used to derive input variables of multiple drought indices, such as the Standardized Soil Moisture index (SSI), the Multivariate Standardized Drought Index (MSDI), and the Modified Palmer Drought Severity Index (MPDSI) for both historic and future periods. The results of SSI indicate that there was an overall increase in agricultural drought occurrences and that these were caused by increases in evapotranspiration and runoff. However, the results of the MSDI and MPDSI projected a decrease in drought occurrences in future periods due to a greater increase in precipitation in the future. Furthermore, GCM-downscaled products (precipitation and temperature) were verified using comparisons with historic observations, and the results of uncertainty analyses suggest that the lower and upper bounds of future drought projections agree with historic conditions.
Update to the Global Climate Data package: analysis of empirical bias correction methods in the context of producing very high resolution climate projections

While global climate models (GCMs) are useful for simulating climatic responses to perturbations in the Earth's climate system, there are many instances where higher spatial resolution information is necessary. In all instances, interpretation of interpolated or downscaled GCMs must be done cautiously because each method has its own set of assumptions and potential disadvantages. Here, we present an update to the Global Climate Data (GCD) package, which enables the package to efficiently bias correct and interpolate precipitation and air temperature output from GCM simulations to very high spatial resolutions using the delta change method. While the delta change method is relatively simple, it has previously been shown to enhance the physical representation of interpolated climate time-series compared to directly interpolating the gridded climate time-series to a higher spatial resolution. The bias correction methods programmed into the GCD package are univariate empirical quantile mapping (QM) and bivariate empirical joint bias correction (JBC). The skill of QM and JBC for improving GCM simulations processed with the delta change method is evaluated through comparing the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the interpolated GCM simulations to the CDFs of Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) station observations for three test regions: Oregon (in the USA), the Alps (spanning several countries in Europe), and the Ganges Delta (in India and Bangladesh). We also assess the representation of precipitation and mean temperature joint probability distributions relative to those present in GHCN station observations. Overall, GCM simulations that are bias corrected with QM prior to being input to the delta change method perform best under our analysis.
The Grassroots-Global Dialectic: International Policy as an Anchor for Domestic Worker Organizing

This chapter explores how local and national organizations of domestic workers can shape policy in and through international organizations. Drawing on fieldwork conducted during negotiations over International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 189, “Decent Work for Domestic Workers,” in 2011, it explains how the ILO became a venue for the global alignment of domestic worker activists and their NGO and trade union allies, and how the organizations that emerged from that moment continued the work of putting the convention into effect on the ground through national ratification campaigns. Through this policy achievement, it also shows how domestic work helped put migration and informal work on the ILO’s agenda.
How performance assessment for leaders (PAL) influences preparation program quality and effectiveness

The Performance Assessment for Leaders (PAL) is a four-task evaluation system designed to improve the quality of initial school leaders in Massachusetts by evaluating candidate readiness using a ri...
Design and fabrication of a piezoelectric MEMS xylophone transducer with a flexible electrical connection

Abstract We develop a method for the design and fabrication of a miniaturized multichannel piezoelectric xylophone acoustic transducer with an integrated flexible ribbon cable for electrical connectivity. This transducer works in air or underwater and it is designed to be implantable for in vivo animal testing. The transducer and ribbon cable are fabricated separately using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques, and bonded with a customized wire-epoxy bonding technique. The transducer has a xylophone structure which consists of four piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers of varied lengths each tuned to a target frequency bandwidth. A parylene ribbon cable extends from the base of the xylophone to an electrode bay for external monitoring. Cantilever tip deflections are measured in response to voltage excitation to confirm the transducer functionality in air and underwater as well as to validate the finite element analysis (FEA) model, which is developed to design the transducer and study the acoustic structure interaction of the cantilever beam in a viscous fluid environment. The frequency response of the model matches closely with the measured results.
Impulsive energy conversion with magnetically coupled nonlinear energy harvesting systems

Magnets have received broad attention for vibration energy harvesting due to noncontact, nonlinear forces that may be leveraged among harvesting system elements. Yet, opportunities to integrate multi-directional coupling among a nonlinear energy harvesting system subjected to impulsive excitations have not been scrutinized, despite widespread prevalence of such excitations. To characterize these potentials, this research investigates an energy harvesting system with magnetically induced nonlinearities and coupling effects under impulsive excitations. A system model is formulated and validated with experimental efforts to reconstruct static and dynamic properties of the system via simulations. Then, the model is harnessed to scrutinize dynamic response of the system when subjected to impulse conditions. This research reveals the clear impulse strength dependence and influence of asymmetries on total electrical energy capture and energy conversion efficiency that are tailored by magnetic force coupling. Asy...
A summary of the PSI program synthesis system

This paper describes the current status of the PSI program synthesis system. It allows program specification dialogues using natural language, traces and examples from which a high-level program model is acquired. This model is then refined into an efficient implementation of the program. PSI consists of several modules including a parser-interpreter, trace and examples inference expert, dialogue moderator, program model builder, coder and efficiency expert.
The North American Paleocoastal Concept Reconsidered

The Pleistocene archaeological record of North America’s Pacific coast is understood from only a handful of sites that postdate the continent’s earliest interior sites by at least 500 radiocarbon years. Like other coastal regions of the world, the reasons that early North American Pacific coastal sites are so few in number relate to late Quaternary environmental history: postglacial marine transgression submerged older coastal terrains and sites, leaving behind only a small portion of a previously larger coastal and pericoastal landscape and any sites it might contain (cf. Davis et al. 2009). Although many early continental sites were also surely destroyed or concealed by periglacial and postglacial geomorphic processes, few regions, such as those parts of the Pacific Northwest’s Columbia River drainage that were affected by the catastrophic outburst floods of Glacial Lake Missoula and Pluvial Lake Bonneville, share the same extremes of postdepositional history as the world’s coastal zones. In spite of these difficulties of site preservation, a small number of late Pleistocene-aged North American Pacific coastal sites are known from British Columbia to Baja California Sur.
Physical properties of elastomer composites with scintillating additives

Abstract Well-designed radiation detectors reconcile high detection yield with preserving optical, mechanical and thermal properties over time. This work summarizes thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of three different elastomer based potential scintillators (PDMS, ASP and KER) doped with up to 5% PPO/POPOP. Properties of doped and undoped samples were assessed using digital scanning calorimetry, quasistatic tensile and compressive tests and spectrophotometry. It was found that all elastomers are thermally stable up to 220 °C and remain unaffected by the inclusion of the dopant. Their stiffness is
People cities: The life and legacy of Jan Gehl, by Annie Matan and Peter Newman: Washington, DC, Island Press, 2016

I have been following the writings of Jan Gehl for a number of years. My pilgrimage to Copenhagen was largely to witness the wonderful public spaces he studied and analyzed. When I finished reading...
An Overview of the Flow Regimes in a Circular Couette System

The flow of a fluid between concentric rotating cylinders constitutes one of the simplest situations for studying the formation of nonequilibrium structures, both static and time-dependent, that one could imagine. In spite of this simplicity it exhibits an amazingly rich range of possible states, only some of which are well understood. In this contribution we will give a brief review of some recent experimental observations, and note some of the areas in which theoretical insight exists and where it is lacking.
Vowel Duration Discrimination of Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Preliminary Study

Purpose The ability of 5- and 6-year-old male children (23 participants) between the chronological ages of 5;0 and 6;11 (years;months) with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS; n = 9) and with typical...
Lung transplant outcomes are influenced by severity of neutropenia and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment.

Although neutropenia is a common complication after lung transplant, its relationship with recipient outcomes remains understudied. We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 228 adult lung transplant recipients between 2008 and 2013 to assess the association of neutropenia and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) treatment with outcomes. Neutropenia was categorized as mild (absolute neutrophil count 1000-1499), moderate (500-999), or severe (<500) and as a time-varying continuous variable. Associations with survival, acute rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) were assessed with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression. GCSF therapy impact on survival, CLAD, and acute rejection development was analyzed by propensity score matching. Of 228 patients, 101 (42.1%) developed neutropenia. Recipients with severe neutropenia had higher mortality rates than those of recipients with no (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-8.41, P = .040), mild (aHR 14.508, 95% CI 1.58-13.34, P = .018), or moderate (aHR 3.27, 95% CI 0.89-12.01, P = .074) neutropenia. Surprisingly, GCSF treatment was associated with a higher risk for CLAD in mildly neutropenic patients (aHR 3.49, 95% CI 0.93-13.04, P = .063), although it did decrease death risk in severely neutropenic patients (aHR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.88, P = .031). Taken together, our data point to an important relationship between neutropenia severity and GCSF treatment in lung transplant outcomes.
Rural art teachers’ access: one museum’s online art curriculum

Many K-12 schools in the United States face reduced time for the arts due to the time needed to prepare students for high-stakes standardized exams. Although there are advanced placement exams in a...
Plans for and initial results from the exploration of the Kuiper belt by New Horizons

Abstract Following its landmark exploration of the Pluto system, the NASA New Horizons mission is continuing outward to explore the Kuiper belt (KB). That exploration includes measurements of the KB plasma and dust environment, remote sensing observations of over two dozen small Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) and dwarf planets (DPs), and the close flyby and inspection of KBO (486958) 2014 MU69—a cold classical KBO on January 1, 2019. Here, we review the mission’s objectives and capabilities for KB exploration, discuss early KB observation results, and detail the goals and objectives of the flyby of 2014 MU69. We also discuss prospects for further KB exploration by New Horizons at still greater distances after its initial extended mission concludes in 2021 at a heliocentric range of 50 Astronomical Units (AU).
A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations

This paper presents the first systematic study of proto-neutron star (PNS) convection in three dimensions (3D) based on our latest numerical Fornax models of core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We confirm that PNS convection commonly occurs, and then quantify the basic physical characteristics of the convection. By virtue of the large number of long-term models, the diversity of PNS convective behavior emerges. We find that the vigor of PNS convection is not correlated with CCSN dynamics at large radii, but rather with the mass of PNS $-$ heavier masses are associated with stronger PNS convection. We find that PNS convection boosts the luminosities of $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}$, $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$, and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ neutrinos, while the impact on other species is complex due to a competition of factors. Finally, we assess the consequent impact on CCSN dynamics and the potential for PNS convection to generate pulsar magnetic fields.
A 72-Year-Old Female With Bow Hunter Syndrome: A Rare Surgical Approach to C4-5 Vertebral Artery Decompression: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Bow hunter syndrome is defined as vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to mechanical occlusion of the vertebral artery during head and neck rotation. In many cases, this is due to osteophyte formation, disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, tendinous bands, or tumors. Symptomatic disease may vary from inducing transient vertigo to posterior circulation stroke. Although digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard in diagnosis, the underlying pathology in bow hunter syndrome may be detected with doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) angiogram, magnetic resonance imaging and angiogram, and diagnostic angiography with dynamic testing. In this case, a 72-yr-old female with a recent right-sided cerebellar stroke underwent operative intervention to decompress the right vertebral artery at C4-C5 in order to relieve symptomatic bow hunter syndrome. Preoperative CT angiogram revealed bilateral significant stenosis of the vertebral arteries at the C4-C5 level with follow-up diagnostic angiogram revealing complete occlusion of the right vertebral artery with the head rotated right (compared to 80% occlusion observed when the patient's head was rotated left). Prior to the procedure, the patient experienced lightheadedness, diaphoresis, dizziness, and a sensation of facial flushing exacerbated by rotating her head to the right. To relieve her symptoms, operative intervention was undertaken. To access the lateral osteophytes originating from the uncovertebral joint, a C4-5 discectomy is utilized. The vertebral artery was decompressed, and a standard anterior cervical fusion was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was stable and was discharged 1 d after surgery. Postoperative imaging showed adequate decompression of the right vertebral artery at the level of C4-5. The authors confirm that they have obtained, prior to submission, a written release from the patient authorizing use of this surgical video to be submitted and published in the journal Operative Neurosurgery, as well as consent to perform the procedure.
Affordable Care Act State-Specific Medicaid Expansion: Impact on Health Insurance Coverage and Breast Cancer Screening Rate

Background Under the Affordable Care Act, states were given the option to expand Medicaid in 2014. By the end of 2014, 32 states had opted to expand Medicaid and 19 did not. Previous quasi-experimental studies took advantage of this state-specific policy implementation and found increased insurance coverage in expansion compared with nonexpansion states. With longer-term data now available, we studied the effect of Medicaid expansion on changes in insurance coverage and mammography rates in expansion and nonexpansion states. Study Design Seven states that expanded Medicaid eligibility in 2014 and 6 nonexpansion states were selected based on available data. The US Census American Community Survey was queried for insurance coverage from 2011 to 2016 and the CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2010 to 2018. Difference-in-difference linear mixed models were used to estimate and compare insurance coverage and screening mammogram rates between expansion and nonexpansion states before and after 2014. Results The increase in insurance rates for all persons covered by some type of health insurance after Medicaid expansion was significantly different in expansion than nonexpansion states (p = 0.001). The increase in Medicaid coverage was significant in expansion compared with nonexpansion states (p Conclusions Medicaid expansion states saw greater improvement in total insurance and Medicaid coverage, and in mammogram rates in lower-income women compared with nonexpansion states after Medicaid legislation was passed. Our study demonstrates that people do take advantage of expanded eligibility by acquiring insurance and this can improve access to preventive measures, such as screening mammography.
Behavioral responses of a highly domesticated, predator naïve rainbow trout to chemical cues of predation

Abstract Fisheries management agencies allocate significant proportions of available resources to rear fish for stocking in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. However, domesticated fish reared in a hatchery environment may fail to exhibit normal antipredator behavior and can have relatively low survival when released into natural habitats. Exposing hatchery fish to natural predator cues can provide information about their capacity to exhibit appropriate behavioral responses and has the potential to enhance antipredator behavior and subsequent survival in the wild. We investigated immediate behavioral responses to an acute exposure to chemical cues of predation in highly domesticated, hatchery-reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. We used a frequently stocked and economically important strain of rainbow trout, the German Rainbow (GR), which is resistant to whirling disease but particularly susceptible to predation. We exposed individual rainbow trout to alarm cues from conspecifics, kairomones from brown trout Salmo trutta predators, and a combination of the two cues. Fish exposed to these cues exhibited changes in behavior expected to reduce predation risk, including a reduction in time spent actively swimming and exploring, and an increase in time spent frozen. Thus, these highly domesticated, hatchery-reared fish retain the innate ability to express appropriate responses to the threat of predation. Future research should investigate whether repeated exposure to predation cues in a hatchery setting could translate to long-term enhancement of antipredator behavior and increased survival rates, as this would provide a rapid, simple and low cost way to increase the efficiency of stocking programs for recreational purposes and, more importantly, native fish restoration and conservation.
Epstein-Barr Virus

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus. Infection with EBV is common, worldwide in distribution, and largely subclinical in early childhood. EBV has been established as the causative agent of heterophile-positive mononucleosis, which occurs most frequently in late adolescence or early adulthood. In addition, seroepidemologic data have suggested that EBV also plays an etiological role in African Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Improved Travel Demand Modeling with Synthetic Populations

We compare synthetic population-based travel demand modeling with the state of the art travel demand models used by metropolitan planning offices in the United States. Our comparison of the models for three US cities shows that synthetic population-based models match the state of the art models closely for the temporal trip distributions and the spatial distribution of destinations. The advantages of the synthetic population-based method are that it provides greater spatial resolution, can be generalized to any region, and can be used for studying correlations with demographics and activity types, which are useful for modeling the effects of policy changes.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake and Survival in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging has been suggested as highly sensitive modality for detection of metastases in biochemically-recurrent, and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients, often leading to changes in their treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of radiographic PSMA expression in men treated with standard systemic therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: mCRPC patients with available baseline PSMA imaging, who were treated with various life-prolonging systemic therapies, were studied. Images by planar/ single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT were reviewed. Planar/SPECT images were scored semi-quantitatively on a scale of 0-4 in order to determine an imaging score (IS), based on PSMA uptake in tumors compared to liver uptake. PET images were scored quantitively on a scale of 0-4 using the mean of the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) of the five lesions with the highest avidity compared with the SUVmean of the liver. The IS (high:2-4 versus low: 1-2), life-prolonging systemic therapies (taxane chemotherapy, androgen signaling pathway inhibitors, and radium-223) and the CALGB prognostic risk stratification of patients were analyzed according to overall survival (OS) in univariate and multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards models. Results: High PSMA expression (IS 2-4) was found in 179 (75.21%) patients, and 59 (24.79%) patients had low PSMA uptake. The median OS of the entire cohort was 16.8 (95%CI: 14.9-19.3) months. Patients with a high IS had a significantly shorter OS of 15.8 (95%CI 13.0-18.1) months compared to those with low expression [22.7 (95%CI: 17.7-30.7) months, p = 0.002]. After accounting for use of life-prolonging therapies (p<0.001) and CALGB prognostic groups (p = 0.001), high PSMA IS emerged as an independent predictor of OS [HR(95%CI): 1.7 (1.2-2.2); p = 0.003]. Conclusion: Presence of high radiographic PSMA expression on SPECT or PET/CT may portend a poor prognosis in mCRPC patients treated with standard systemic therapies. This provides implications for therapeutic targeting of PSMA-avid disease as a means to improve outcomes.
Adherence to National Consensus Guidelines and Association with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Candidemia

Background:National consensus guidelines outline recommendations for best practices in treating patients with candidemia. This study evaluated the impact of receiving care adherent to the best prac...
Data Analysis with Mplus

1. Data Management in SPSS 1.1 Coding Missing Values 1.2 Exporting an ASCII Data File for Mplus 2. Reading Data into Mplus 2.1 Importing and Analyzing Individual Data (Raw Data) 2.1.1 Basic Structure of the Mplus Syntax and Basic Analysis 2.1.2 Mplus Output for Basic Analysis 2.2 Importing and Analyzing Summary Data (Covariance or Correlation Matrices) 3. Linear Structural Equation Models 3.1 What are Linear SEMs? 3.2 Simple Linear Regression Analysis with Manifest Variables 3.3 Latent Regression Analysis 3.4 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 3.4.1 First-Order CFA 3.4.2 Second-Order CFA 3.5 Path Models and Mediator Analysis 3.5.1 Introduction and Manifest Path Analysis 3.5.2 Manifest Path Analysis in Mplus 3.5.3 Latent Path Analysis 3.5.4 Latent Path Analysis in Mplus 4. Structural Equation Models for Measuring Variability and Change 4.1 Latent State Analysis 4.1.1 LS versus LST Models 4.1.2 Analysis of LS Models in Mplus 4.1.3 Modeling Indicator-Specific Effects 4.1.4 Testing for Measurement Invariance across Time 4.2 LST Analysis 4.3 Autoregressive Models 4.3.1 Manifest Autoregressive Models 4.3.2 Latent Autoregressive Models 4.4 Latent Change Models 4.5 Latent Growth Curve Models 4.5.1 First-Order LGCMs 4.5.2 Second-Order LGCMs 5. Multilevel Regression Analysis 5.1 Introduction to Multilevel Analysis 5.2 Specification of Multilevel Models in Mplus 5.3 Option two level basic 5.4 Random Intercept Models 5.4.1 Null Model (Intercept-Only Model) 5.4.2 One-Way Random Effects of ANCOVA 5.4.3 Means-as-Outcomes Model 5.5 Random Intercept and Slope Models 5.5.1 Random Coefficient Regression Analysis 5.5.2 Intercepts-and-Slopes-as-Outcomes Model 6. Latent Class Analysis 6.1 Introduction to Latent Class Analysis 6.2 Specification of LCA Models in Mplus 6.3 Model Fit Assessment and Model Comparisons 6.3.1 Absolute Model Fit 6.3.2 Relative Model Fit 6.3.3 Interpretability Appendix A: Summary of Key Mplus Commands Discussed in This Book Appendix B: Common Mistakes in the Mplus Input Setup and Troubleshooting Appendix C: Further Readings
Capacity Investments, Exclusionary Behavior, and Welfare: A Dynamic Model of Competition in the Airline Industry

This paper uses unique data on access to airport facilities to study the strategic entry, exit, and capacity decisions of firms in the US airline industry. I estimate a dynamic equilibrium model in which forward-looking firms invest in seating capacity and play a capacity-constrained pricing game. I find that the intensity of competition depends directly on the characteristics and identity of the incumbent fi rm. In particular, dominant hub carriers aggressively invest in capacity following entry by low-cost carriers, providing a commitment to price aggressively in future periods. In doing so, the hub carrier can substantially increase the likelihood of exit by the targeted rm. The resulting reduction in the level of competition reduces consumer welfare relative to an environment in which anti-trust authorities can eliminate such exclusionary behavior.
chapter 28 – ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

Publisher Summary This chapter defines scalar potential as the work done per unit charge by the electric field. The scalar potential is the direct electrostatic analog of the gravitational potential energy per unit mass. Scalar potential is used in electrodynamics when time-varying electromagnetic fields are present. However, the generalized electric potential cannot be simply interpreted as the ratio of potential energy to charge. The electric potential at a point is equal to the electric potential energy, which is measured in joules, of any charged particle at that location divided by the charge of the particle. As the charge of the test particle has been divided out, the electric potential is a property related only to the electric field itself and not the test particle. The electric potential can be calculated at a point in either a static electric field or in a dynamic electric field at a specific time and has the units of joules per coulomb.