cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unusual cause of intussusception

An 87-year-old woman with a known history of coronary artery disease, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, presented with gradually worsening abdominal pain and recurrent vomiting over a few days. On examination, she was hypotensive, tachycardic and in respiratory distress. She was emergently intubated, started on vasopressor agents and admitted to the intensive care unit. CT scan of the abdomen showed gallstone ileus with secondary intussusception and obstruction of the proximal jejunum (figures 1⇓⇓–4). This prompted a surgical …
APL and the Grzegorczyk hierarchy

We show in this paper that the set of “traditional” APL l-liners (using arithmetic functions only) compute precisely the set of functions in the class E4 of the Grzegorczyk hierarchy (the class immediately above the elementary functions). We also show that if we extend the set of 1-liners to include either the “execute” operator, or 1 line programs with gotos, then any partial recursive function can be computed.
Terrain Mapping For Long-duration Autonomous Walking

We describe the perception system for the Ambler, an autonomous, legged mobile robot that operates in rugged environments. The Ambler's perception system uses 3-D laser range images to construct elevation maps of the local terrain, processing hundreds of images and thou- sands of elevation points during a walking experiment. This paper presents the design, implementation, and analysis of a perception system to meet the needs of long-duration walking, emphasizing issues of performance, accuracy, and reliability.
Interpersonal psychotherapy with pregnant adolescents: two pilot studies

Objective: To test the feasibility, acceptability and helpfulness of group Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-PA) for depression in pregnant adolescents. Method: Two open clinical trials were conducted of IPT-PA delivered in group format in a New York City public school for pregnant girls. Study 1 tests IPT-PA for management of depressive symptoms by delivery during health class to pregnant girls with varying levels of depressive symptoms (N = 14; 10 Hispanic, 3 African-American and 1 bi-racial). Study 2 tests IPT-PA for treatment of depression by delivery after school for self-nominating pregnant girls with DSM-IVR diagnoses of depressive disorder or an adjustment disorder (N = 11; 8 African-American, 1 girl Hispanic and 2 bi-racial). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Edinburgh Depression Scale (for its sensitivity to severe symptoms, the Hamilton Depression Scale was added in Study 2). Clinical diagnosis was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (K-SADS). Study 1 Results: At 12-week termination, level of depressive symptoms had decreased by 50%; 13/14 girls showed a decrease in level of symptoms. Study 2 Results: At 12-week termination, level of depressive symptoms had decreased by 40%; 10/11 girls showed decrease in level of symptoms and in DSM-IVR clinical diagnosis; treatment gains were maintained at 20-week post-partum follow-up. Conclusion: IPT-PA appears feasible and helpful in managing and treating depression in pregnant girls.
Neuroscience Curricula for Undergraduates: A Survey

Directors of graduate and undergraduate programs in neuroscience were asked to describe the optimal preparatory background of undergraduates entering graduate programs in neuroscience. Both undergraduate and graduate directors ranked research experience as the most important credential. Graduate directors considered grades/grade point averages and graduate record examination scores as the second and third most important variables. Undergraduate directors ranked courses and grades/grade point averages as their second and third choices. The most essential course for both types of directors was introduction to biology. The next most essential courses for the undergraduate directors were organic/inorganic chemistry and introduction to neuroscience (tied percentages), whereas the graduate directors chose calculus. This latter choice was interpreted as a symbolic representation of the need for quantification in science, generally. Both types of directors chose a course in biochemistry as the most important or desirable course but not necessarily an essential course. These findings have important implications for the training of future undergraduate neuroscience majors.
Macroscopic, Neat, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Well-aligned macroscopic fibers composed solely of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were produced by conventional spinning. Fuming sulfuric acid charges SWNTs and promotes their ordering into an aligned phase of individual mobile SWNTs surrounded by acid anions. This ordered dispersion was extruded via solution spinning into continuous lengths of macroscopic neat SWNT fibers. Such fibers possess interesting structural composition and physical properties.
SUCCESSFUL HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM TREATMENT OF SAVANNA MONITORS (VARANUS EXANTHEMATICUS) INFECTED WITH CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SP

Therapy based on the protective passive immunity of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) (raised against Cryptosporidium parvum in cows) was applied to 4 Savanna monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) with gastric Cryptosporidium sp. infections. All lizards were moderately emaciated, and their fecal and gastric lavage samples contained moderate numbers of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. The first 3 of 7 gastric HBC treatments at 1-wk interval each decreased the numbers of oocysts in the fecal and gastric samples to undetectable levels. Neither feces nor lavages of the HBC-treated lizards contained Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts after the HBC therapy, whereas such samples of a single control lizard remained positive for oocysts. Two of the HBC-treated lizards died spontaneously due to metastasized carcinoma and septicemia of unknown etiology, respectively, and 2 lizards treated and killed during the experiment were histologically negative for developmental stages of Cryptosporidium sp. The control lizard died spontaneously of septicemia of unknown etiology and contained developmental stages of Cryptosporidium sp. in the gastric region. The HBC therapy was efficacious in V. exanthematicus and is recommended for lizards with gastric cryptosporidiosis.
Student-centered Strategies for Teaching Modern Dance in Secondary Physical Education

This article describes a student-centered approach to teaching modern dance in a middle and high school physical education setting, and offers practical strategies for effective instruction of modern dance that can benefit both novice and veteran dance educators.
A Life-Span Framework for Assessing the Impact of Work on White-Collar Workers

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the life-span framework for assessing the impact of work on white-collar workers. The main focus of the chapter is the changing nature of white-collar occupations and the impact those changes may have on the development of individuals occupying those positions. The patterns occurring in today's organizations may affect the nature of white-collar work. Organizational contexts are changing, with more emphasis being placed on learning and rewarding individuals for expanding their skill, knowledge, and competency base, as opposed to strictly rewarding performance outcomes. There are several distinct patterns that have emerged over the last decade that have had a profound impact on the nature of white-collar work. The current as well as future middle-aged white-collar worker faces several major challenges in the new workplace. These challenges include, but are not limited to, an increased focus on continuously improving work processes and the quality of services, globalization of work, rapid developments in information technologies, new ways of organizing, and increased attention to individual rights in the workplace.
Avoiding Complications in Gigantomastia

Gigantomastia is a disabling condition for patients and presents unique challenges to plastic surgeons. Presentation can occur throughout different phases of life, and treatment often begins with nonoperative measures; however, the most effective way to relieve symptoms is surgical breast reduction. Because of the large amount of tissue removed, surgeons can encounter different intraoperative and postoperative complications. By understanding this disease process and these complications, surgeons can attempt to minimize their occurrences. The authors present an overview of the cause, preoperative evaluation, techniques, and outcomes. Additionally, they present outcomes data from their center on 40 patients.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SAKIADIS FLOW PROBLEM CONSIDERING MAXWELL NANOFLUID

This article investigates the flow of Maxwell nanofluid over a moving plate in a calm fluid. Novel aspects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are taken into consideration. Revised model for passive control of nanoparticle volume fraction at the plate is used in this study. The formulated differential system is solved numerically by employing shooting approach together with fourth-fifth-order-Runge-Kutta integration procedure and Newton’s method. The solutions are greatly influenced with the variation of embedded parameters which include the local Deborah number De , the Brownian motion parameter Nb , the thermophoresis parameter Nt , the Prandtl number Pr and the Schmidt number Sc . We found that the variation in velocity distribution with an increase in local Deborah number De is non-monotonic. Moreover, the reduced Nusselt number has a linear and direct relationship with the local Deborah number De .
Carrageenan‐Induced Inflammation and Its Effects on Mitotic Activity and Keratinization of Gingival Epithelium

This study was undertaken in order to: (1) evaluate the cell population in carrageenaninduced inflammation and (2) investigate the extent to which this inflammation modified mitotic activity, and keratinization of the sulcular epithelium induced by daily prophylaxes in monkeys. Normal-keratinized oral gingival epithelium was also evaluated for these processes in the same gingival specimens. Each of three adult Rhesus monkeys received a thorough prophylaxis 1 week prior to the experiment. Over the 10-week experimental period, each monkey received daily rubber cup prophylaxes. In addition, during the last 10 days, daily gingival injections of a 1% carrageenan saline solution and normal saline solution were given. One hour prior to sacrifice, each monkey received an intravenous injection of tritiated thymidine, 1 μCi/gram of body weight. After sacrifice and tissue processing, the histologic sections were evaluated. It was found that the carrageenan solution injected into gingival tissues produced an acute in...
Polystictus Versicolor as a Wound Parasite of Catalpa

The wood rot of living catalpa caused by Polystictus versicolor is the only really serious disease of the catalpa yet reported. Polystictus versicolor is, of course, one of the most common wood-rotting saprophytes, but as was pointed out by von Schrenk (8) in I902, it becomes on the catalpa a dangerous wound parasite, growing with great rapidity in living trees, spreading up and down the trunk from the point of infection, out into the branches and even into the roots (8, p. 53). On living trees the fungus produces sporophores in great abundance, but is rarely found fruiting on dead catalpa; a fact which apparently led von Schrenk to the conclusion that P. versicolor is unable to grow on dead catalpa wood and that even when growing in a living tree stops its growth when the tree is cut (8, p. 54). As the writer has shown in a recent paper (7), however, Polystictus versicolor may continue to grow on dead catalpa wood and under favorable conditions may produce normal sporophores in considerable quan-
Effects of Bni5 Binding on Septin Filament Organization.

Septins are a protein family found in all eukaryotes (except higher plants) that have roles in membrane remodeling and formation of diffusion barriers and as a scaffold to recruit other proteins. In budding yeast, proper execution of cytokinesis and cell division requires the formation of a collar of circumferential filaments at the bud neck. These filaments are assembled from apolar septin hetero-octamers. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms that control the arrangement and dynamics of septin structures. In this study, we utilized both Forster resonance energy transfer and electron microscopy to analyze the biophysical properties of the septin-binding protein Bni5 and how its association with septin filaments affects their organization. We found that the interaction of Bni5 with the terminal subunit (Cdc11) at the junctions between adjacent hetero-octamers in paired filaments is highly cooperative. Both the C-terminal end of Bni5 and the C-terminal extension of Cdc11 make important contributions to their interaction. Moreover, this binding may stabilize the dimerization of Bni5, which, in turn, forms cross-filament braces that significantly narrow, and impose much more uniform spacing on, the gap between paired filaments.
Temporal Trends and Temperature-Related Incidence of Electrical Storm: The TEMPEST Study (Temperature-Related Incidence of Electrical Storm).

Background— The occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias seems to follow circadian, daily, and seasonal distributions. Our aim is to identify potential temporal patterns of electrical storm (ES), in which a cluster of ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation, negatively affects short- and long-term survival. Methods and Results— The TEMPEST study (Circannual Pattern and Temperature-Related Incidence of Electrical Storm) is a patient-level, pooled analysis of previously published data sets. Study selection criteria included diagnosis of ES, absence of acute coronary syndrome as the arrhythmic trigger, and ≥10 patients included. At the end of the selection and collection processes, 5 centers had the data set from their article pooled into the present registry. Temperature data and sunrise and sunset hours were retrieved from Weather Underground, the largest weather database available online. Total sample included 246 patients presenting with ES (221 men; age: 65±9 years). Each ES episode included a median of 7 ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation episodes. Fifty-nine percent of patients experienced ES during daytime hours ( P P P =0.003). Conclusions— ES incidence is not homogenous over time but seems to have a clustered pattern, with a higher incidence during daytime hours and working days. ES is associated with an increase in monthly temperature variation. Clinical Trial Registration— https://www.crd.york.ac.uk. Unique identifier: CRD42013003744.
Using Probabilistic Record Linkage of Structured and Unstructured Data to Identify Duplicate Cases in Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting Systems

Introduction Duplicate case reports in spontaneous adverse event reporting systems pose a challenge for medical reviewers to efficiently perform individual and aggregate safety analyses. Duplicate cases can bias data mining by generating spurious signals of disproportional reporting of product-adverse event pairs.
Boron trifluoride facilitated transesterification of dioxaborolanes

Abstract The direct transesterification of dioxaborolanes (alkane-1,2-diol based boronate esters) was explored. Using BF3·OEt2, alkane-1,2-diol based mono- and bis-boronate esters (i.e., pinacol and ethylene glycol) have been converted quantitatively to either benzene-1,2-diol or alkane-1,3-diol based boronate esters. In the case of pinacol esters, esterification is facilitated by the accompanying pinacol rearrangement, thus shifting the reaction equilibrium.
The Association between Incarceration and Transactional Sex among HIV-infected Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States

Criminal justice practices in the USA disproportionately affect sexual and racial/ethnic minority men, who are at higher risk of incarceration. Previous research demonstrates associations between incarceration and sexual risk behaviors for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little of this work focuses on young MSM (YMSM), particularly HIV-infected YMSM, despite nearly one-third reporting engagement in sexual risk behaviors, such as transactional sex. We therefore explored the association between incarceration and transactional sex among HIV-infected YMSM. We recruited 97 HIV-infected YMSM across 14 clinical sites in urban centers from August 2015 to February 2016. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the relationship between incarceration and transactional sex among YMSM. The majority was 24 years old (78%) and racial/ethnic minority (95%); over half were not in school and reported an annual income of < $12,000. In the multivariate model, having ever been incarcerated (aOR = 3.20; 95% CI 1.07–9.63) was independently associated with a history of transactional sex. Being 24 years vs. younger (aOR = 9.68; 95% CI 1.42–65.78) and having ever been homeless (aOR = 3.71, 95% CI 1.18–11.65) also remained independently associated with a history of transactional sex. This analysis fills a gap in the literature by examining the relationship between incarceration and transactional sex among HIV-infected YMSM. Facilitating youths’ engagement with social services available in their HIV clinic may serve as a key strategy in promoting health. Public health efforts need to address social-structural factors driving disproportionate rates of arrest and incarceration and related harms among this population.
Regulating emotions in two languages: How do emotion regulation strategies relate to physiological reactivity in emotional contexts?:

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:Differences in how people regulate their emotions have been shown across cultures. Yet, whether bilinguals regulate emotions differently based on the ...
Immunoperoxidase Techniques Using the Avidin-Biotin System

Although immunofluorescence techniques were first develpoed in the early 1960s, they did not gain widespread use and acceptance until the following decade, when they became invaluable tools for the resolution of a number of problems in experimental immunology. Since then, the method has been used clinically for the identification of surface and intracellular lymphocyte markers and immune complexes of glomerular diseases. Within the past 15 years, an alternative method using enzyme-labeled antibodies has been developed which is rapidly replacing immunofluorescence because of its simplicity and usefulness in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. Although many enzymes have been sucessfully conjugated to various antibodies, most recent studies have employed horseradish peroxidase. The amount of antigens in tissue sections is generally determined semi-quantitatively by examining the staining intensity using serial diluted antibodies (Hsu et al., 1981a,b). More recently, the immunoperoxidase techniques have been adapted to other solid phase systems, such as enzyme-linked immunoassys or western blots of antigens (Azen and Yu, 1984; Madri and Barwick, 1983; Rosenkoetter et al., 1984).
The Social Organization of Women’s Sexuality

Women’s sexual behavior, while typically thought of as a matter of personal and individual choice, is fundamentally organized by social factors. This chapter examines how selected social factors, including religious preference, racial or ethnic group membership, and educational attainment, as well as age and marital status, shape women’s sexual desires, sexual partnerships, sexual acts, and subjective understanding of these facets of sexual experiences. While fully acknowledging the significance of biological factors in sexuality, we shall stress in this chapter the role social groups and contexts play in shaping women’s sexual conduct through their impact on the production and enforcement of socially constructed and shared conceptions of appropriate sexual behavior.
Proteomics and Functional Proteomics

The study of the protein complement of the genome (or proteome), including the characterization of proteins derived from the genetic code to the comparison of variations in their expression patterns and levels under different conditions, study of their interactions, and identification of their functional role in the context of health and disease, is coined “proteomics”. Proteomics differs from genomics owing to the complexity and dynamic variability of the proteome. The human proteome may be formed by a much larger number of proteins (as many as one million proteins) than the human genome (approximately 30,000 genes). Owing to the complexity of gene expression in a living cell, a given gene can make many different proteins and proteins can also affect the relation between transcript and protein levels at the steady state. Therefore, a large-scale analysis of proteins is obviously necessary for our understanding of gene function. This chapter focuses on describing the application of proteomic methods in functional proteomics.
Development of Hybrid Optimal Controller for Building AC Compressors

Energy consumption of AC systems poses a large problem, as well as great opportunity for energy efficiency. A simple, yet sophisticated, way to achieve higher energy efficiency is by properly controlling the AC system. Conventional AC control systems operate under binary conditions being either on or off depending on interior temperature set point. This method of AC control suffers in both energy efficiency and temperature control, allowing the temperature to swing within the controlled space. The approach presented in the paper succeeds in achieving both improved thermal comfort and energy savings by operating the system more efficiently. The genesis of the research is a controller method developed by Abbasi et al [1] for use in refrigerator appliances which found great success in reducing energy consumption (by approximately 7 percent) and greatly enhancing temperature control. This controller does not try to control the temperature of the system. Instead, it uses a more relevant thermodynamic property; system excess enthalpy. Based on extensive multilevel modeling results, the proposed control algorithm can reduce building cooling energy by as much as 5 percent while providing considerably better temperature and humidity control at zero added production cost.
Abstract 105: PVN Inflammation Contributes to Brain GαI2 Protein Dependent Sympathetically Mediated Salt Sensitive Hypertension

Hypothesis: PVN inflammation contributes to salt sensitive hypertension (HTN) that develops following central Gαi2 protein down regulation. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats receiving a contin...
Road to the Civil War: The Missouri Compromise

The purpose of this paper is to explore the question of whether or not early nineteenth-century lawmakers saw the Missouri Compromise of 1820 as a true solution to the question of slavery in the United States, or if it was simply a stopgap solution. The information used to conduct this research paper comes in the form of a collation of primary and secondary sources. My findings indicate that the debate over Missouri's statehood was in fact about slavery in the US, and that the underlying causes of the Civil War were already quite prevalent four whole decades before the conflict broke out.
Catalyst-Inspired Charge Carriers for High Energy Density Redox Flow Batteries

We introduce a theoretical design approach aiming at improving energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs) via the utilization of redox noninnocent ligands capable of stabilizing a metal center in a wide range of oxidation states. Our findings suggest that this promotes the possibility of multiple redox events as well as high open circuit voltages. Specifically, we have proposed two Fe-coordination complexes (I, Fe(Me2Pytacn)(C2N3H2), and II, Fe(H2pmen)(C2N3H2)) combining two different types of ligands, i.e., catalyst-inspired scaffolds and triazole ring, which were previously shown to promote high and low oxidation states in transition metals, respectively. These complexes exhibit as many as six theoretical redox events in the full range of charge states +4 → –2, several of which reside within the electrochemical window of acetonitrile. Electronic structure calculations show that the Fe center exhibits oxidation states ranging from the very rare Fe4+ to Fe1+. Values of the reduction potentials as well as nature of the redox events of both complexes is found to be similar in their high +4 → +1 charge states. In contrast, while exhibiting qualitatively similar redox behavior in the lower 0 → –2 range, some differences in the electronic ground states, delocalization patterns as well as reduction potential values are also observed. The calculated open circuit voltages can reach values of 5.09 and 6.14 V for complexes I and II, respectively, and hold promise to be experimentally accessible within the electrochemical window of acetonitrile expanded by addition of ionic liquids. The current results obtained for these two complexes are intended to illustrate a more general principle based on the simultaneous utilization of two types of ligands responsible for the stabilization of high and low oxidation states of the metal that can be used to design the next-generation charge carriers capable of supporting multi-electron redox and operating in a broad range of charge states, leading to RFBs with greater energy density.
Progressive dry to humid hyperthermia alters exercise cerebral blood flow.

Abstract Introduction Exercising in hot conditions may increase the risk for exertional heat-related illness due to reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF); however, the acute effect of exercise-induced changes on CBF during compensable and uncompensable heat stress remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that exercising in hot dry and humid conditions would have different CBF responses. Methods Nine healthy active males completed a 30 min baseline rest then 60 min of low intensity self-paced exercise (12 rating of perceived exertion) in a 1) control compensable neutral dry (CN; 23.7 ± 0.7 °C; 10.7 ± 0.8%Rh) and 2) compensable hot dry (CH; 42.3 ± 0.3 °C; 10.7 ± 1.8%Rh) that progressively increased to an uncompensable hot humid (UCH; 42.3 ± 0.3 °C; 55.2 ± 7.7%Rh) environment in random order separated by at least 4 days. Results We observed that during CN environments from rest through 60 min of exercise, middle cerebral velocity (MCAvmean) and conductance (MCAvmean CVC) remained unchanged. In contrast, during CH, MCAvmean, MCAvmean CVC, and cardiac output (Q) increased and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased. However, under UCH, MCAvmean, MCAvmean CVC, and Q was reduced. No difference in mean arterial pressure or ventilation was observed during any condition. Only during UCH, end-tidal PO2 increased and PCO2 decreased. The redistribution of blood to the skin for thermoregulation (heart rate, skin blood flow and sweat rate) remained higher during exercise in UCH environments. Conclusions: Collectively, exercise cerebral blood flow is altered by an integrative physiological manner that differs in CN, CH, and UCH environments. The control of CBF may be secondary to thermoregulatory control which may provide an explanation for the cause of exertional heat illness.
Different types of associative encoding evoke differential processing in both younger and older adults: Evidence from univariate and multivariate analyses

Age-related deficits in associative processing are well-documented (e.g., Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) and have been assumed to be the result of a general deficit that affects all types of binding. However, recent behavioral research has indicated that the visual configuration of the information that is presented to older adults influences the degree to which this binding deficit is exhibited by older adults (Overman, Dennis et al, 2019; Overman, Dennis, et al., 2018). The purpose of the present study was to further clarify the neural underpinnings of the associative deficit in aging and to examine whether functional activity at encoding differs with respect to the visual configuration and the type of associative being encoded. Using both univariate and multi-voxel pattern analysis, we found differences in both the magnitude of activation and pattern of neural responses associated with the type of association encoded (item-item and item-context). Specifically, our results suggest that, when controlling for stimuli composition, patterns of activation in sensory and frontal regions within the associative encoding network are able to distinguish between different types of associations. With respect to the MTL, multivariate results suggest that only patterns of activation in the PrC in older, but not younger adults, can distinguish between associations types. These findings extend prior work regarding the neural basis of associative memory in young and older adults, and extends the predictions of the binding of item and context model (BIC; Diana, Yonelinas, Ranganath, 2007) to older adults.
The Mental Health Implications of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injuries (OBPI) on Parents

Purpose Obstetric brachial plexus injuries (OBPI) can have mental health implications on parents coping with this injury to their newborn. Previous studies have reported increased rates of depression in mothers of children with an OBPI and parents having unresolved feelings of sadness and anger. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are well established in parents of infants that require a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. The purpose of this study was to assess …
The Association between Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Myocardial Scar and Their Collective Impact on All-Cause Mortality.

Background Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) and myocardial scar are important contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that myocardial scar is a substrate of DD and that collectively they contribute to increased risk for all-cause mortality. Methods The study included 607 consecutive patients who underwent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging within 1 week. DD was assessed by echocardiography according to the contemporary guidelines and myocardial scar by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). All-cause mortality was the main outcome. Results Scar prevalence was significantly higher comparing no DD with mild and advanced DD (25%, 61%, and 80%, respectively; P Conclusions There is a strong link between the echocardiographic findings of DD and the morphologic changes of myocardial tissue. DD assessed according to contemporary guidelines effectively differentiates mortality risk. The additive interaction of DD and scar on mortality risk highlights the pivotal role of myocardial tissue characterization in patients with DD.
Extending Modified Module Analysis to Include Correct Responses: Analysis of the Force Concept Inventory.

Extending modified module analysis of the Force Concept Inventory to include correct responses identifies combinations of responses where the correct response is likely being selected for incorrect reason.
Chemiluminescent sensors for quantitation of the bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP

Chemiluminescent biosensors have been developed and broadly applied to mammalian cell systems for studying intracellular signaling networks. For bacteria, biosensors have largely relied on fluorescence-based systems for quantitating signaling molecules, but these designs can encounter issues in complex environments due to their reliance on external illumination. In order to circumvent these issues, we designed the first ratiometric chemiluminescent biosensors for studying a key bacterial second messenger, cyclic di-GMP. We have shown recently that these biosensors function both in vitro and in vivo for detecting changes in cyclic di-GMP levels. In this chapter, we present a practical and broadly applicable method for high-throughput quantitation of cyclic di-GMP in bacterial cell extracts using the high affinity biosensor tVYN-TmΔ that could serve as the "Bradford assay" equivalent for this bacterial signaling molecule.
UFold: Fast and Accurate RNA Secondary Structure Prediction with Deep Learning

Abstract Motivation For many RNA molecules, the secondary structure is essential for the correct function of the RNA. Predicting RNA secondary structure from nucleotide sequences is a long-standing problem in genomics, but the prediction performance has reached a plateau over time. Traditional RNA secondary structure prediction algorithms are primarily based on thermodynamic models through free energy minimization, which imposes strong prior assumptions and is slow to run. Results Here we propose a deep learning-based method, called UFold, for RNA secondary structure prediction, trained directly on annotated data without any thermodynamic assumptions. UFold improves substantially upon previous models, with approximately 10~30% improvement over traditional thermodynamic models and 14% improvement over other learning-based methods. It achieves an F1 score of 0.91 on base pair prediction accuracy on an RNA structure prediction benchmark dataset. UFold is also fast with an inference time about 160ms per sequence up to 1600bp length. We provide an online web server that implements UFold for RNA structure prediction and is made freely available. Availability An online web server running UFold is available at https://ufold.ics.uci.edu. Code is available at https://github.com/uci-cbcl/UFold. Contact xhx@uci.edu
Effects of Deep Reductions in Energy Storage Costs on Highly Reliable Wind and Solar Electricity Systems

We use 36 years (1980-2015) of hourly weather data over the contiguous United States (CONUS) to assess the impact of low-cost energy storage on highly reliable electricity systems that use only variable renewable energy (VRE; wind and solar photovoltaics). Even assuming perfect transmission of wind and solar generation aggregated over CONUS, energy storage costs would need to decrease several hundred-fold from current costs (to ∼$1/kWh) in fully VRE electricity systems to yield highly reliable electricity without extensive curtailment of VRE generation. The role of energy storage changes from high-cost storage competing with curtailment to fill short-term gaps between VRE generation and hourly demand to near-free storage serving as seasonal storage for VRE resources. Energy storage faces "double penalties" in VRE/storage systems: with increasing capacity, (1) the additional storage is used less frequently and (2) hourly electricity costs would become less volatile, thus reducing price arbitrage opportunities for the additional storage.
Mobile Money Gifts in a 2014 Coming of Age Ceremony in Western Kenya

This paper discusses media ideologies and practices around mobile money in a coming of age ceremony for adolescent boys in Bungoma, Kenya in 2014. On the one hand, mobile phones were widely used to prepare, plan, organize, and pool funds for the ceremony and to send mobile money remittances as gifts. As such, mobile communication was used to reinvigorate and support the ceremony. On the other hand, media ideologies of participants created significant barriers to the use of the mobile during certain parts of the ceremony, where face to face interactions and performances of social obligation were required and where prescribed forms of exchange were expected between certain types of kin. This paper will focus on what Jane Guyer called "compositions" -- assemblages of gifts of various kinds that were brought together and presented to initiates as part of this ceremony. These gifts include cattle, especially the male cow presented by the mother's brother. Other gifts include school supplies, mobiles and accoutrements, and mobile money gifts. By examining mobile money gifts in the context of compositions of valued items, this paper will examine the economic, social, and symbolic value of mobile money gifts and the relationships it mediates in the ceremony.
Sequencing, cloning, and antigen binding analysis of monoclonal antibodies isolated from single mouse B cells.

Summary The analysis of B cell receptors (BCR) from single B cells is crucial to understanding humoral immune responses. Here, we describe a protocol for the sequencing, cloning, and characterization of antibody genes that encode BCRs. We used this method to analyze the BCRs of different mouse B cell populations for somatic hypermutations, clonal and phylogenic relationships, and their affinity for cognate antigen. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Viant et al. (2020) .
Design and evaluation for the future of m-interaction

Mobile technology has been one of the major growth areas in computing over recent years (Urbaczewski, Valacich, & Jessup, 2003). Mobile devices are becoming increasingly diverse and are continuing to shrink in size and weight. Although this increases the portability of such devices, their usability tends to suffer. Fuelled almost entirely by lack of usability, users report high levels of frustration regarding interaction with mobile technologies (Venkatesh, Ramesh, & Massey, 2003). This will only worsen if interaction design for mobile technologies does not continue to receive increasing research attention. For the commercial benefit of mobility and mobile commerce (m-commerce) to be fully realized, users’ interaction experiences with mobile technology cannot be negative. To ensure this, it is imperative that we design the right types of mobile interaction (m-interaction); an important prerequisite for this is ensuring that users’ experience meets both their sensory and functional needs (Venkatesh, Ramesh, & Massey, 2003). Given the resource disparity between mobile and desktop technologies, successful electronic commerce (e-commerce) interface design and evaluation does not necessarily equate to successful m-commerce design and evaluation. It is, therefore, imperative that the specific needs of m-commerce are addressed–both in terms of design and evaluation. This chapter begins by exploring the complexities of designing interaction for mobile technology, highlighting the effect of context on the use of such technology. It then goes on to discuss how interaction design for mobile devices might evolve, introducing alternative interaction modalities that are likely to affect that future evolution. It is impossible, within a single chapter, to consider each and every potential mechanism for interacting with mobile technologies; to provide a forward-looking flavor of what might be possible, this chapter focuses on some more novel methods of interaction and does not, therefore, look at the typical keyboard and visual display-based interaction which, in essence, stem from the desktop interaction design paradigm. Finally, this chapter touches on issues associated with effective evaluation of m-interaction and mobile application designs. By highlighting some of the issues and possibilities for novel m-interaction design and evaluation, we hope that future designers will be encouraged to “think out of the box” in terms of their designs and evaluation strategies.
SPR biosensors: simultaneously removing thermal and bulk-composition effects

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an established method for sensing analytes by monitoring changes in the plasmon dispersion relation (PDR) at the interface of a thin metal film and a fluid. When SPR is used in sensors for specific analytes, the changes in the plasmon dispersion relation of interest are generated by the binding of analytes to receptors immobilized to the metal film. However, changes in the PDR can also be generated by changes in the index of refraction of the bulk solution containing the analytes via changes in composition or temperature. Thus, there exist inherent systematic errors in SPR based chemical sensing when temperature and/or concentration conditions are not carefully controlled. We have demonstrated the efficacy of a single, simple, and inexpensive method for simultaneously discriminating both effects from those of binding and/or debinding of analytes with a two-element SPR sensor array. Although two-element SPR arrays have been used before, their ability to simultaneously discriminate out both thermal and bulk-composition (TAB) effects (in both SPR spectroscopic and spectrophotometric schemes) has not been previously addressed. We show an example of a relatively inexpensive SPR biosensor instrument using a compensator element and its stability over a period of days. This demonstration has implications for the development of reliable SPR based chemical sensors for environmental and remote sensing applications.
The interleukin-2 receptor

Publisher Summary The chapter describes the multimeric human IL-2 receptor. With many CD4 T lymphocytes, this ligand-receptor interplay triggers an intracellular signaling cascade leading to the production of the T cell growth factor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and the concomitant display of functional high affinity membrane receptors for IL-2. IL-2 binding to these high affinity IL-2 receptors generates a second series of intracellular signals culminating in T cell division and clonal expansion of the antigen-reactive cell population. Subsequent decline in IL-2 receptor display and diminished production of IL-2 combine to terminate the T cell immune response. Each of these receptor chains serves a distinct role in the assembly and function of the high affinity IL-2 receptor complex. Salient features of each of the known receptor subunits are discussed. Other studies have shown that the proliferation of these cells can be inhibited by the addition of anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies mediated through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism involving IL-2 and its receptor. In this regard, the TSP/HAM findings mimic the early polyclonal proliferative phase of HTLV-I transformation observed in tissue culture.
Bandwidth-Limited Robust Nonlinear Sliding Control of Pointing and Tracking Maneuvers

It is shown in this paper how multiaxial spacecraft tracking and pointing maneuvers, with known control bandwidth and given tracking error bounds, can be implemented by variable structure control, in the presence of uncertain vehicle and target dynamics. To this end, it is shown how to select a nonlinear sliding surface relating attitude and rate variables, as well as a Lyapunov function in the surface variables that absorbs multiplicative model uncertainties, thereby simplifying the computation of control corrections. It is then shown how a boundary layer envelope can be designed, within which the components of the surface error dynamics can be modeled as the outputs of designer-selected decoupled low pass filters. Closed loop stability conditions, accounting for the coupling between the attitude error dynamics and the surface error dynamics are then obtained.
A Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line with a Temperature-conditional Defect in Receptor Recycling Is Pleiotropically Defective in Lysosome Biogenesis*

We have previously described the isolation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, TfT1.11, that has a pleiotropic, temperature-conditional defect in receptor recycling (Cain, C. C., Wilson, R. B., and Murphy, R. F. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11746-11752). These cells show a rapid loss of cell surface receptors upon temperature shift due to a reduction in the rate of receptor recycling. We show here that, in addition to altered receptor recycling, TfT1.11 cells show three defects in lysosome biogenesis. At the nonpermissive temperature, they 1) redistribute at least one lysosomal enzyme from lysosomes to endosomes, 2) fail to transfer fluid-phase material from early endosomes to later compartments, and 3) fail to accumulate fluid-phase markers due to increased efflux of internalized material. The results suggest that the processes of recycling from the endosome and movement of material from endosomes to lysosomes are tightly linked.
Who Counts as an American Family

Public programs in America contain very different conceptions of the "family." This essay explores these differences in a variety of programs - social security, food stamps, tax, immigration, welfare, and public housing.
Potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution

A new ternary metal halide scintillator, potassium strontium iodide, activated with divalent europium (KSr 2 I 5 :Eu) has been discovered. This material has a monoclinic crystal structure with a density of 4.39 g/cm3. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates a congruent melting point of 471°C and suggests that this compound has no solid-solid phase transitions. As is the case with most metal halides, the material is hygroscopic, and it has some internal radioactivity due to the presence of 40K. Single crystals of 13 and 25 mm diameter of KSr 2 I 5 doped with 4% Eu2+ were grown in evacuated quartz ampoules via the Bridgman technique. X-ray excited emission consisted of a single peak at ∼452 nm due to the 5d-4f transition in Eu2+. The measured light yield is ∼94,000 photons/MeV with an energy resolution of 2.4% at 662 keV.
Propagation of sound in a gas-particle mixture and acoustic combustion instability.

The theory of the attenuation and dispersion of sound in a gas-particle mixture is examined from the viewpoint of its relevance to acoustic instability in rocket motors. Damping of acoustic instabilities by particles distributed throughout the motor cavity along with the gaseous products of combustion can represent an important acoustic loss factor in the highfrequency range, and is the one spatially distributed loss mechanism that can be tailored to attenuate a given frequency of excitation. Theoretical predictions of the influence of finite mass fraction of particles and of the presence of polydispersed sizes are described. The addition of inert particles of a given size to attenuate an instability of a predetermined frequency is compared with the addition of fuel components that produce a particulate product of combustion. The particulate dispersion of sound has an important role in determining the frequency of acoustic instability. The relationship between particulate damping and the elimination of catastrophic increases in burning rates of solid propellants subjected to acoustic instability is discussed.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein induces G1 phase growth arrest of vascular smooth muscle cells.

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for the growth-inhibitory action of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Fluorescence-ac...
A Road Sign Detection and Recognition System for Mobile Devices

We present an automatic road sign detection and recognition service system for mobile devices. The system is based on a client-server architecture which allows mobile users to take pictures of road signs and request detection and recognition service from a centralized server for processing. The preprocessing, detection and recognition take place at the server end and consequently, the result is sent back to the mobile device. For road sign detection, we use particular color features calculated from the input image. Recognition is implemented using a neural network based on normalized color histogram features. We report on the effects of various parameters on recognition accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the system can provide an efficient framework for locale-dependent road sign recognition with multilingual support.