cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue Amino Acids In Rats Fed Norleucine, Norvaline, Homoarginine or Other Amino Acid Analogues

Concentrations of several large neutral amino acids (LNAA) were earlier shown to be low, especially in brain, in rats fed a low protein diet containing a mixture of LNAA analogues. The purpose of this study was to learn if individual analogues would induce similar effects. Four hours after first feeding one meal containing norleucine, norvaline, alpha-aminophenylacetic acid, or alpha-aminooctanoic acid, concentrations of branched-chain amino acids were low in plasma, brain, liver and muscle; tyrosine and phenylalanine were more effectively reduced in brain than in other tissues. Lysine and arginine concentrations were low in brains of rats fed the basic amino acid analogue, homoarginine; concentrations of large and small neutral amino acids were unchanged. Dopamine was not low in brains having low tyrosine levels; serotonin was low in rats receiving alpha-aminooctanoate, the only analogue associated with a significant depression in brain tryptophan. The results suggest that the analogues have differing abilities to alter concentrations of tissue components. Decreases, especially in brain amino acid concentrations, may result from selective competition by analogues of a given transport class with natural amino acids transported from blood into brain by the same system.
Energy Functions for Knots: Beginning to Predict Physical Behavior

Several definitions have been proposed for the “energy” of a knot. The intuitive goal is to define a number u(K) that somehow measures how “tangled” or “crumpled” a knot K is. Typically, one starts with the idea that a small piece of the knot somehow repels other pieces, and then adds up the contributions from all the pieces. From a purely mathematical standpoint, one may hope to define new knot-type invariants, e.g by considering the minimum of u(K) as K ranges over all the knots of a given knot-type. We also are motivated by the desire to understand and predict how knot-type affects the behavior of physically real knots, in particular DNA loops in gel electrophoresis or random knotting experiments. Despite the physical naivete of recently studied knot energies, there now is enough laboratory data on relative gel velocity, along with computer calculations of idealized knot energies, to justify the assertion that knot energies can predict relative knot behavior in physical systems. The relationships between random knot frequencies and either gel velocities or knot energies is less clear at this time.
Bacteriological Survey of the Frozen Prepared Foods Industry: I. Frozen Cream-Type Pies

During Food and Drug Administration inspections of 12 imitation cream pie producers, 453 finished product samples and 350 line samples were collected and analyzed bacteriologically. Sanitary conditions in the plants varied from good to poor and, in general, were reflected in the bacteriological results. The survey revealed that, in the great majority of cases, frozen imitation-cream pies produced in plants operating under good conditions of sanitation had the following bacteriological content: (i) a most probable number (MPN) of fewer than three Escherichia coli cells per gram (i.e., absent from all tubes in the methodology employed), (ii) an average MPN of fewer than 50 coliforms per gram (10 or more pies), (iii) the absence of coagulase-positive staphylococci in 0.1-g portions, and (iv) an aerobic plate count of fewer than 25,000 per gram (geometric mean of 10 or more pies).
Calcifications in the Breast and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Our study was to compare the clarity with which calcifications are seen on conventional mammography (CM) with the same calcifications on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). We define clarity as the sharpness, contrast, and diagnostic quality by which the calcifications were depicted. In a HIPPA compliant Institutional Review Board approved study, 3,000 women volunteered to have both a screening mammogram and a DBT study. A total of 119 sequential cases with relevant calcifications (not clearly benign) were reviewed. Two board certified, dedicated, breast imaging radiologists reviewed the CM and DBT images in an unblinded paired comparison. Only the mediolateral oblique (MLO) projection was available for the DBT studies. The MLO and craniocaudal projections were reviewed using the 2D images. Window and leveling, and electronic zoom were permitted. Unlimited time was allowed to provide a subjective assessment as too how well the calcifications were seen, from a diagnostic perspective, when the two studies were evaluated side-by-side. In 41.6% of the cases, the readers felt that calcifications were seen with superior clarity on DBT. In 50.4% of the cases, the visibility of calcifications was the same for DBT and CM, and in 8% of the cases, calcifications were seen with greater clarity on CM than DBT. In 92% of the cases, the clarity with which calcifications were seen on DBT was equal to or better than for CM and in almost half, the clarity on DBT was judged to be better than for CM. Our analysis shows that calcifications can be demonstrated with equal or greater clarity on DBT as on CM, thus allowing for comparable, and, perhaps, improved interpretive analysis of detected calcifications.
Cardiomyopathy in multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a clinico-pathological correlation and review of literature.

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare autosomal recessive defect of the electron transfer flavoprotein or ubiquinone oxidoreductase, resulting in abnormal fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism, leading to metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, “sweaty-feet” odor, and early neonatal deaths. This report presents a child diagnosed with this disease at birth by newborn screening using the mass spectrometer, who died suddenly at the age of 6 months. The echocardiogram revealed pericardial effusion, thickened ventricular musculature, and insufficiency of both the atrio-ventricular valves. The autopsy showed immense cardiomegaly, fatty infiltration, and hypertrophy of the ventricles. This is the first detailed case report of clinico-pathological correlation of MADD in an infant and brings into light a rare form of cardiomyopathy as a differential diagnosis in critically ill patients.
Polynucleotides. X. Influences of polynucleotide conformation on susceptibility of pyrimidine residues to photochemical attack.

The kinetics of ultraviolet-induced photohydrate and photodimer formation in polyuridylate, and of photohydrate and deaminated photoproduct formation in polycytidylate have been determined by spectroscopic methods under a variety of solvent conditions. As the formation of photoproducts is sensitive to the local environment of the reacting residue, subtle inferences can be made concerning the secondary structure of these polynucleotides. For both 3′ uridylate and polyuridylate at 23°C, the kinetics of photohydration are single-hit over the sodium ion concentration range 0.1 to 1.0 m . The rates of photohydration of uridine, 3′ uridylate, and polymer are very similar, though only the nucleotide and polymer exhibit a progressive small depression in rate with increasing ionic strength. This dependence on ionic strength is due to a small kinetic salt effect on the photoreaction, and not to a counterion-dependent conformational effect. A small increase in the cross-section for photodimerization of polyuridylate accompanies the depression in photohydration rate. Denaturing organic solvents do not, however, diminish the yield of dimer. The results are consistent with polyuridylate being an extended randomly coiled polyelectrolyte at room temperature devoid of significant base-base interactions. By contrast with polyuridylate, the course of photohydrate formation in polycytidylate at 5°C follows two single-hit processes, the latter very similar in rate to that for cytidylate. Above 0.1 m -Na + , the initial kinetics are ionic strength independent. The results are consistent with the secondary structure of polycytidylate being a single-stranded helix of dynamically stacked residues.
Metronidazole: in vitro activity, pharmacology and efficacy in anaerobic bacterial infections.

Metronidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole that has selective activity against anaerobic microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoa. Intravenous metronidazole has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of serious anaerobic bacterial infections. It is usually bactericidal at low concentrations, and its spectrum of activity encompasses almost all anaerobic bacteria and some capnophilic organisms. Anaerobic bacteria known to be resistant to metronidazole include occasional anaerobic cocci, some nonsporulating gram-positive bacilli and propionibacterium. Metronidazole is the most active antimicrobial agent against Bacteroides fragilis, the most resistant of anaerobic bacteria. Kill-curve studies demonstrate that there is a 2 to 5 log decrease in the number of colony forming units of B. fragilis and Clostridium perfringens within one hour. The only well documented metronidazole-resistant strain is a B. fragilis isolated from the normal flora of a patient on long-term metronidazole therapy for Crohn's Disease. Metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis has recently been described in a few strains that are able to survive at increased oxygen tensions. Metronidazole has been shown to be efficacious in certain protozoal infections including trichomonal vaginitis, extraintestinal amebiasis, and giardiasis. Clinical studies have shown metronidazole to be efficacious in the therapy of a variety of anaerobic infections, including non-traumatic brain abscesses, intraabdominal sepsis, pelvic suppuration and necrotizing soft tissue infections. There have been disappointing results in the therapy of anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections with a number of superinfections caused by aerobic bacteria. Since metronidazole lacks any activity against aerobic bacteria, it must be combined with other agents, usually aminoglycosides, in the treatment of mixed infections involving anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
The Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS): The Caretaking Environment of Infants Exposed to Cocaine/Opiates

The Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS): The Caretaking Environment of Infants Exposed to Cocaine/Opiates
Is mercury from Hawaiian volcanoes a natural source of pollution

An analysis shows that 98% of mercury from Hawaiian fumaroles is gaseous or solid particles less than 0.3 micron in diameter. It is suggested that both natural and industrial sources may be contributors to mercury pollution of the air in Hawaii.
Struggling Toward Success: Jesuit Education in Italy, 1540–1600

The other day, Tuesday, I breakfasted with his Reverence the Bishop of Perugia; and he said to me that it was important to him and to everyone in Perugia that our school read the Latin grammar book of Christopher Sasso [a professor of rhetoric at the University of Perugia], because when they had seen that we read this and other grammars, they would be very friendly to us and in this way much rancor would be avoided. I responded to him: "Monsignor, being that there are so many grammar books as good as that of Sasso, it does not seem necessary to me to change, especially if Sasso's is no different than the others." He said: "So much the better that they are not different, it will not be troublesome to you." I repeated to him that such changes did not seem to me to be a good idea. He said: "Look, it will not be disliked," adding that he had had experience with it in the past.'
Geometrical characterization of fatigue plastic zones in hot-rolled Fe-2.6%Si

Caracterisation geometrique des zones plastiques par une technique de recristallisation. Cette technique se base sur le fait que l'etat deforme est une condition d'energie interne plus elevee que l'etat non deforme et fournit une force conductrice pour la nucleation et la croissance de nouveaux grains libres de deformation. Avantages et limites de la methode
“It’s sweeter where the bruise is”: making sense of the experience of family homelessness in a community–campus partnership

Individual and family stories of homelessness that focus on the transition out of homelessness remain comparatively unexplored. Using hermeneutic inquiry and microstoria analysis to orient the inquiry and design the narrative, this case study involves the story of a woman overcoming homelessness with her family, and her participation in, and contribution to, a community–campus partnership during this period of time. “Delilah” describes aspects of the day-to-day experience of her transition to permanent housing as well as her understanding of “expert-driven” vs. collaboratively designed programming within community–campus partnerships. The author reflects on her relationship with this brilliant person and the complexity of participating in a respectful relationship with her, and outlines some policy recommendations for families facing similar circumstances. She posits that by appropriately partnering with grassroots individuals with deep knowledge of homelessness and other social conditions, education inst...
Cervical dilation from multiple laminaria tents used for abortion

Objective To quantify the cervical dilation achieved from multiple medium-thick laminaria tents used for 16–26 hours in single applications before abortion. Methods In a practice setting, cervical dilation was studied from all abortions done at greater than 8 weeks in which one or more medium-thick laminaria tents were used in a single application for 16–26 hours. Multiple regression analysis was used to quantify results. Results There was a positive linear regression of dilation against weeks of gestation for all numbers of tents. The more tents, the greater the dilation; the more weeks, the greater the dilation. Conclusion Approximate cervical circumferential dilation from medium-thick laminaria tents under the constraints listed is provided by the formula: Pratt dilation = 12.36 + (2.35 × tents) + (1.79 × weeks).
Reliability model development for photovoltaic connector lifetime prediction capabilities

This paper describes efforts to characterize different aspects of photovoltaic connector reliability. The resistance variation over a population of connections was examined by measuring 75 connectors from three different manufacturers. The comparison shows differences in average resistance of up to 9% between manufacturers. The standard deviation of resistance among the same manufacturer ranged from 6%-11%. In a separate experiment, the corrosive effects of grime on the connector pins during damp heat accelerated testing at 85°C/85% RH were studied. We observed a small resistance increase in the first 100 hours of damp heat and no further changes up to the current 450 hours of available data. With the exception of one connector, the effects of grime on connector performance during accelerated testing could not be measured during this time period.
Transmission Diminution of Vacuum-Ultraviolet Lamp Windows

Passage of far-ultraviolet radiation (1050–2000 A) through the imperfect vacuum maintained by mechanical and oil-diffusion pumps results in the buildup of films opaque to far-uv radiation. Such films quickly coat lamp windows and other optical surfaces. The films can be removed by washing with petroleum ether or by exposure of affected surfaces to a hydrogen gas discharge. Transmittance vs time studies support the view that the films are produced from photodissociated vacuum-pump oil molecules. Passage of 2×1015 photons cm−2 through a 2.5-cm gap maintained at 10−4 Torr pressure results in two films of 50% combined transmittance measured at about 1200 A.
Variations in symptomatology of Ciguatera poisoning

Abstract —Ciguatera poisoning reports were examined for patterns of symptomatology when different types of fishes were consumed. Consumption of surgeon fish ( Ctenochaetus strigosus ), amberjack ( Seriola dumerili ) and jack ( Caranx sp.) resulted in different symptom profiles with a number of statistically significant differences in the reported frequencies of specific symptoms. The results support the contention that the large variability in symptoms associated with ciguatera poisoning is caused by several closely related but distinct toxins.
Accurate, fast, and secure biometric fingerprint recognition system utilizing sensor fusion of fingerprint patterns

Fingerprint recognition is one of the first techniques used for automatically identifying people and today it is still one of the most popular and effective biometric techniques. With this increase in fingerprint biometric uses, issues related to accuracy, security and processing time are major challenges facing the fingerprint recognition systems. Previous work has shown that polarization enhancementencoding of fingerprint patterns increase the accuracy and security of fingerprint systems without burdening the processing time. This is mainly due to the fact that polarization enhancementencoding is inherently a hardware process and does not have detrimental time delay effect on the overall process. Unpolarized images, however, posses a high visual contrast and when fused (without digital enhancement) properly with polarized ones, is shown to increase the recognition accuracy and security of the biometric system without any significant processing time delay.
Exploration and Exploitation During Sequential Search

When we learn how to throw darts we adjust how we throw based on where the darts stick. Much of skill learning is computationally similar in that we learn using feedback obtained after the completion of individual actions. We can formalize such tasks as a search problem; among the set of all possible actions, find the action that leads to the highest reward. In such cases our actions have two objectives: we want to best utilize what we already know (exploitation), but we also want to learn to be more successful in the future (exploration). Here we tested how participants learn movement trajectories where feedback is provided as a monetary reward that depends on the chosen trajectory. We mathematically derived the optimal search policy for our experiment using decision theory. The search behavior of participants is well predicted by an ideal searcher model that optimally combines exploration and exploitation.
In-flight hadron spectroscopy at LEAR

In this paper, I present the most recent hadron spectroscopy results stemming from in-flight pp reactions at LEAR. In the mass range from approximately 2.0 to 2.43 GeV, scans for both broad and narrow resonances have been performed. The PS185, Crystal Barrel and Jetset experiments figure prominently in the results presented. Particular attention is given to the latest searches for the ξ(2220).
In Vivo31P and Multilabel13C NMR Measurements for Evaluation of Plant Metabolic Pathways

Reliable measurements of intracellular metabolites are useful for effective plant metabolic engineering. This study explored the application of in situ 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy for long-term measurements of intracellular pH and concentrations of several metabolites in glycolysis, glucan synthesis, and central carbon metabolic pathways in plant tissues. An NMR perfusion reactor system was designed to allow Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures to grow for 3-6 weeks, during which time NMR spectroscopy was performed. Constant cytoplasmic pH (7.40+/-0.06), observed during the entire experiment, indicated adequate oxygenation. 13C NMR spectroscopy was performed on hairy root cultures grown in solutions containing 1-13C-, 2-13C-, and 3-13C-labeled glucose in separate experiments and the flow of label was monitored. Activities of pentose phosphate pathways, nonphotosynthetic CO2 fixation, and glucan synthesis pathways were evident from the experimental results. Scrambling of label in glucans also indicated recycling of triose phosphate and their subsequent conversion to hexose phosphates.
Two chemical repellents for control of German (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) and American cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattidae).

Two experimental repellents, N, N -diethylcyclohexaneacetamide (DECA) and N, N -diethylcyclohexanepropanamide (DCP), and a standard, 3-isopropyl-l-methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (fencholic acid), effectively repelled both the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). DCP and DECA were more effective against German than American cockroaches, with residual activity of ca. 3 wk. Fencholic acid was more effective against American than German cockroaches, with residual activity of ca. 2 wk. These synthetic chemical repellents may be useful parts of an integrated cockroach management program.
Role of Kir4.1 Channels in Growth Control of Glia

The inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is widely expressed by astrocytes throughout the brain. Kir4.1 channels are absent in immature, proliferating glial cells. The progressive expression of Kir4.1 correlates with astrocyte differentiation and is characterized by the establishment of a negative membrane potential (> -70 mV) and an exit from the cell cycle. Despite some correlative evidence, a mechanistic interdependence between Kir4.1 expression, membrane hyperpolarization, and control of cell proliferation has not been demonstrated. To address this question, we used astrocyte-derived tumors (glioma) that lack functional Kir4.1 channels, and generated two glioma cell lines that stably express either AcGFP-tagged Kir4.1 channels or AcGFP vectors only. Kir4.1 expression confers the same K+ conductance to glioma membranes and a similar responsiveness to changes in [K+]o that characterizes differentiated astrocytes. Kir4.1 expression was sufficient to move the resting potential of gliomas from -50 to -80 mV. Importantly, Kir4.1 expression impaired cell growth by shifting a significant number of cells from the G2/M phase into the quiescent G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle. Furthermore, these effects could be nullified entirely if Kir4.1 channels were either pharmacologically inhibited by 100 microM BaCl2 or if cells were chronically depolarized by 20 mM KCl to the membrane voltage of growth competent glioma cells. These studies therefore demonstrate directly that Kir4.1 causes a membrane hyperpolarization that is sufficient to account for the growth attenuation, which in turn induces cell maturation characterized by a shift of the cells from G2/M into G0/G1.
Isolation and characterization of filamentous bacteria present in bulking activated sludge

Several types of filamentous microorganisms were observed and identified in samples of poorly settling (bulking) activated sludge. The major types encountered and the frequency (percentage) of appearance in the total of all treatment plants sampled were: Eikelboom type 0041 (60), type 1701 (45), Haliscomenobacter hydrossis (35), type 021N (30), Thiothrix spp. (20), and Sphaerotilus natans (20). Isolation techniques and culture media were developed and used to recover 42 axenic strains of filamentous bacteria from sludge samples collected. The isolates were identified as strains of Thiothrix, Beggiatoa, S. natans, and Eikelboom types 021N, 1701, 0041, and 0803. Nutritional and differential characterization of the bacteria was important to the differentiation of groups which could not be easily distinguished on the basis of morphology. Although certain treatment plant operating parameters (organic loading) seemed associated with the presence of specific filamentous organism types, possible interaction among factors precluded definite establishment of a cause and effect relationship for most of the treatment plant characteristics and organisms observed.
Introducing the Intel i860 64-bit microprocessor

The authors describe the single-chip i860 CPU, a 64-bit, RISC (reduced-instruction-set-computer)-based microprocessor that executes parallel instructions using mainframe and supercomputer architectural concepts. They designed the 1,000,000-transistor, 10-mm*15-mm processor for balanced integer, floating-point, and graphics performance. They discuss the RISC core, memory management, floating-point unit, graphics, bus interface, software support, and interfacing to a DRAM system. >
Marila spiciformis (Bonnetiaceae), a new species from Peru

The new species,Marila spiciformis from Amazonian Peru, is described and illustrated. Relationships with other species are discussed.
Two distinct synchronization processes in the transition to sleep: a high-density electroencephalographic study.

Objectives To assess how the characteristics of slow waves and spindles change in the falling-asleep process. Design Participants undergoing overnight high-density electroencephalographic recordings were awakened at 15- to 30-min intervals. One hundred forty-one falling-asleep periods were analyzed at the scalp and source level. Setting Sleep laboratory. Participants Six healthy participants. Interventions Serial awakenings. Results The number and amplitude of slow waves followed two dissociated, intersecting courses during the transition to sleep: slow wave number increased slowly at the beginning and rapidly at the end of the falling-asleep period, whereas amplitude at first increased rapidly and then decreased linearly. Most slow waves occurring early in the transition to sleep had a large amplitude, a steep slope, involved broad regions of the cortex, predominated over frontomedial regions, and preferentially originated from the sensorimotor and the posteromedial parietal cortex. Most slow waves occurring later had a smaller amplitude and slope, involved more circumscribed parts of the cortex, and had more evenly distributed origins. Spindles were initially sparse, fast, and involved few cortical regions, then became more numerous and slower, and involved more areas. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for two types of slow waves, which follow dissociated temporal courses in the transition to sleep and have distinct cortical origins and distributions. We hypothesize that these two types of slow waves result from two distinct synchronization processes: (1) a "bottom-up," subcorticocortical, arousal system-dependent process that predominates in the early phase and leads to type I slow waves, and (2) a "horizontal," corticocortical synchronization process that predominates in the late phase and leads to type II slow waves. The dissociation between these two synchronization processes in time and space suggests that they may be differentially affected by experimental manipulations and sleep disorders.
Intergranular segregation of phosphorus and sulfur in neutron irradiated iron alloys

Etude de l'effet d'une irradiation par neutrons sur la segregation intergranulaire de PetS dans du fer contenant les impuretes; S(0,005) P(0,04%) et C(0,0012 a 0,0942%)(% en poids). Cette segregation induit une fragilisation intergranulaire dans l'echantillon a faible teneur en C, mais pas dans celui a forte teneur. Pas d'effet appreciable de l'irradiation sur la segregation de P et S avec les conditions experimentales decrites
Formation of a Self-Assembled Monolayer by Adsorption of Thiophene on Au(111) and Its Photooxidation

In direct conflict with theoretical predictions, thiophene monolayers were adsorbed onto Au(111) by immersing an evaporated thin film of mica supported gold in an ethanolic solution of thiophene. The resulting self-assembled Monolayer (SAM) was shown to be annealable and to be comprised of large domains adopting the unit cell (2√19×√3)R30°. The SAMs can be removed by photooxidation in air and rinsing with ethanol to afford clean reconstructed Au(111).
Effects of chronic atropinization on visual acuity in kittens

Atropine was instilled daily from the time of eye-opening until 14 weeks of age into either one or both eyes of developing kittens. Following a 4 week recovery period, grating visual acuity was determined using behavioral techniques under both monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The monocularly treated kittens behaviorally demonstrated an amblyopia in the treated eye and an absence of binocular summation. In contrast, the binocularly treated kittens appeared to show normal visual acuity in both eyes and their performance improved during binocular viewing conditions. Single-unit recordings in striate cortex indicated that binocular atropinization did not alter cortical binocularity, however, monocular atropinization resulted in a decrease in the proportion of binocularly excited neurons and a shift in ocular dominance to the untreated eye.
Sterically stabilized liposome therapeutics

Abstract Biotechnology, based on the concept of natural macromolecules as therapeutic agents while successful has been thwarted by a need for in vivo delivery. Sterically stabilized liposomes, ones modified at the surface with hydrophilic polymers (PEG), have proven to reduce in vivo recognition and phagocytic uptake, resulting in prolonged circulation and localization in tumors as well as other sites of pathology. This has restored their potential as a widely useful delivery system but also has created new challenges: the need to keep the agent associated with the liposome during circulation and distribution followed by control of its release for activity. Several specific drug formulations have been developed which are described along with some of the important parameters for their consideration in order to be considered for other agents. Finally, the value and issues surrounding future expansion are discussed: targeting and cell delivery for gene therapy.
Multimode Control of Axial Compressors via Stability-Based Switching Controllers

Conclusions It would appear that the unrecoverable loss in thrust resulting from nonuniform velocity at the nozzle entrance is not likely to exceed about 1%, unless large variations in velocity are encountered. However, some reservations should be noted. For this example, the loss in thrust is about four times as great as the loss in nozzle efficiency. Also, the thrust in this example is quite high. In more marginal engines, a small loss in exit momentum could be much more significant. In addition, it is important to recall that it has been assumed here that the nonuniform inlet conditions are known and have been taken into account in the nozzle design. If the design is faulty, then larger losses are possible, and may be inevitable in a flight environment involving changes of angle of attack, altitude, and Mach number.
Nucleophilic and radical addition of H2S to methyl linolenate and linseed oil

Hydrogen sulfide was added to methyl linolenate and linseed oil to yield mercapto, thio, and thiolan derivatives. Nucleophilic conditions at low temperatures gave faster and more complete reactions than did free radical conditions. Major reaction products were identified by gas liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen sulfide to the methyl esters of hydrogenated nonconjugatable linseed oil was made at −70 C in the presence of boron trifluoride, and thiolan derivatives appeared to form in preference to thiane derivatives.
Travelling Planetary Waves

The oscillation of longitudinal position of the very long atmospheric waves, of wave-number 1, 2, and 3 has been described by KUBOTA and IIDA (1954), ELIASEN (1958), and others. In this note the motions of these waves are further examined, the data being Fourier zonal harmonics of the 500 mb height at latitudes 40", 50 ", and 60" N for the period October 1, 1951, to March 31, 1952. In the following, the phase-angle represents displacement west of Greenwich, so that it decreases for a progressive, easterly moving wave. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00166.x
High Power 1300 nm Fabry-Perot and DFB Ridge Waveguide Lasers

In this paper we summarize the results on the development of high power 1300 nm ridge waveguide Fabry-Perot and distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers. Improved performance of MOCVD grown InGaAsP/InP laser structures and optimization of the ridge waveguide design allowed us to achieve more than 800 mW output power from 1300 nm single mode Fabry-Perot lasers. Despite the fact that the beam aspect ratio for ridge lasers (30 degree(s) x 12 degree(s)) is higher than that for buried devices, our modeling and experiments demonstrated that the fiber coupling efficiency of about 75-80% could be routinely achieved using a lensed fiber or a simple lens pair. Fiber power of higher than 600 mW was displayed. Utilizing similar epitaxial structures and device geometry, the 1300 nm DFB lasers with output power of 500 mW have been fabricated. Analysis of the laser spectral characteristics shows that the high power DFB lasers can be separated into several groups. The single frequency spectral behavior was exhibited by about 20% of all studied DFB lasers. For these lasers, side-mode suppression increases from 45 dB at low current up to 60 dB at maximum current. About 30% of DFB lasers, at all driving currents, demonstrate multi-frequency spectra consisting of 4-8 longitudinal modes with mode spacing larger than that for Fabry-Perot lasers of the same cavity length. Both single frequency and multi frequency DFB lasers exhibit weak wavelength-temperature dependence and very low relative intensity noise (RIN) values. Fabry-Perot and both types of DFB lasers can be used as pump sources for Raman amplifiers operating in the 1300 nm wavelength range where the use of EDFA is not feasible. In addition, the single-mode 1300 nm DFB lasers operating in the 500 mW power range are very attractive for new generation of the cable television transmission and local communication systems.
Dynamic job scheduling with strict deadline

Dynamic job scheduling on one processor is considered. In the problem, multiple types of jobs arrive randomly with deterministic processing time requirements, values and deadlines. If a job cannot be processed within its deadline, its value is lost. The objective is to schedule jobs so as to minimize the overall expected loss over an infinite horizon. The single processor scheduling problem is NP-hard. To solve the problem within a polynomial computation time, this study assumes that a job is to be scheduled upon its arrival and that it cannot bump previously scheduled ones. The problem is then solved within a stochastic dynamic programming framework. For I types of jobs the T units of initial time available, an algorithm of O(T/sup 2/(I+1)) operations is developed to obtain the optimal policy. Using the algorithm, extensive numerical tests are performed to examine various properties of the optimal policy. >
A comparison of the osmotic fragility and other erythrocyte characteristics of two species of catfish, Galeichithys felis (common salt-water catfish) and Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)

1. 1. The erythrocytes of the fresh-water catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were found to be more resistant to hemolysis in saline solutions than were the erythrocytes of the marine species, Galeichthys felis. 2. 2. The parameter correlating best with erythrocytes osmotic fragility was the plasma osmolarity which was lower in the species with increased resistance to hemolysis. 3. 3. A correlation may also exist between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and osmotic fragility of the fresh-water catfish erythrocytes.
Query generation in an instructional database management system

The objectives and the general structure of a database management system designed for instructional use are described in this paper. Two high level interfaces which can be used to assist a student in query formulation are discussed. First of these interfaces is graphical and uses Macintosh microcomputer as a user's workstation. The other interface guides a student through the process of query formulation using a menu-driven approach. Preliminary experiences with these interfaces have shown that they can facilitate teaching of query formulation and help students to understand better the syntax and semantics of non-procedural query languages.
Regulation and the international competitiveness of US-based companies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide and assess evidence bearing on whether government regulation in the USA is harming the international competitiveness of the US economy. A related purpose is to clarify the concept of international competitiveness from a public policy perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on various sources comparing the regulatory environment of the USA and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries over the past 15-20 years, as well as the international competitiveness of those countries, particularly the productivity growth of home country firms. The various measures of regulatory quality and international competitiveness for the USA are compared to those for a sample of other OECD countries to provide empirical evidence on two broad issues: has government regulation become more onerous in the USA relative to other OECD countries? and has the USA economy become less competitive compared to other OECD countries? Find...
Rat brain 5'-nucleotidase: developmental changes in myelin and activities in subcellular fractions and myelin subfractions.

Abstract The activities of 5′-nucleotidase, measured in brain homogenates and myelin isolated from rats at 21, 60 and >90 days of age, were compared to values for two other myelin-associated enzymes, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and carbonic anhydrase. Whereas the activities of all 3 enzymes were higher in brain homogenates from 60-day-old rats than in those from 21-day-old rats, only 5′-nucleotidase increased significantly in specific activity in both homogenates and myelin after the age of 60 days. The ratios of 5′-nucleotidase to the myelin basic and proteolipid proteins in subcellular fractions from adult rat brain suggested that the microsomal fraction was the only fraction containing 5′-nucleotidase levels not attributable to contamination by myelin membranes. Like carbonic anhydrase, 5′-nucleotidase had a greater distribution than CNP into microsomes of adult rats. When purified myelin was fractionated on a density gradient, the specific activity of 5′-nucleotidase was highest in the heaviest subfraction, with recovery of significant activity occurring, however, in all 3 subfractions. In rats over 60 days of age the recovery of 5′-nucleotidase in myelin was almost as high as that of the relatively myelin-specific enzyme CNP, suggesting that myelin may be the predominant, although not exclusive, locus of 5′-nucleotidase in the adult rat brain.
Some comments on the Benesi-Hildebrand equation

A modification is given of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation to determine the equilibrium constant for complex formation from spectrophotometric measurements. Difficulties arising from the use of either concentrations or mole fractions are discussed.
Limitations of the Photoacoustic Technique for Aerosol Absorption Measurement at High Relative Humidity

Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the suitability of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for aerosol absorption measurement at high relative humidity (RH). Initial experiments characterized the PAS sensitivity that increased strongly by ∼1.25 between dry conditions and 90% RH. Correction procedures were validated by measuring RH-independent absorption for hydrophobic absorbing particles. Absorption measured by PAS for a range of hygroscopic particles, including different morphologies, hygroscopicities, and absorbing entities, showed strong low biases at high RH (down to 0.4 at 90% RH). The bias was due to water evaporation impacting the PAS signal. Cooling samples to lower absolute humidity while maintaining a constant RH did not significantly reduce the bias magnitude within the temperature range 11–25°C. The magnitude and RH dependence of the bias were not reproduced well using a model of PAS response incorporating coupled heat and mass transfer in the transition regime. This was attributed, ...
Smith River allochthon: A southern Appalachian peri-Gondwanan terrane emplaced directly on Laurentia?

The Smith River allochthon is in a southern Appalachian belt of metaclastic rocks that has traditionally been considered to be of peri-Laurentian origin. New Th-U-Pb monazite ages confirm that the allochthon was involved in an Early Cambrian tectonothermal event, indicate that it was exotic with respect to adjacent Laurentian rocks, and indicate that it is likely of Gondwanan origin. The allochthon may form a new link between the Appalachians and the Pampean terrane of western South America; in addition, its position in the orogen has implications for recent models of the opening of the Iapetus.
Characterization of Lipid Multilayer Microphase Structures by Phase-Contrast and Confocal-Reflection Microscopies

The physical grounds for phase-contrast and confocal-reflection microscopies have been used to explain lipid microphase structures by rationalization of the interaction of light with the lipid mult...
SELF-RATED EXECUTIVE FUNCTION: DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION INDEX

There are several self-rating executive function (SREF) measures in existence that were developed solely in clinical populations or which sample a limited range of executive functions. The Executive Function Index (EFI) was developed here in a normal population with five subscales derived through factor analysis: Motivational Drive, Strategic Planning, Organization, Impulse Control, and Empathy. The content of three second order factors is consistent with the functions mediated by dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and medial prefrontal circuits. Intrascale reliability and demographic relationships are reported as well as strong correlations with other SREF measures validated in clinical and neuroimaging studies. This brief measure provides a quick and efficient means of collecting data in large samples in order to test hypotheses regarding the role of prefrontal systems in various aspects of behavior and to corroborate findings of other methods, such as objective tests and functional neuroimaging.
Image representation of moving nonrigid objects

Abstract A class of nonrigid motions and its image sequences are studied. A complete analysis of the geometric constraints of spatial point patterns and motion parameters under the orthographic projection is given. The potential applications of this analysis to image representation and visual communication are discussed.
In situ polymerization of aniline within lightly sulfonated polystyrene

Abstract Highly conductive polyaniline/sulfonated polystyrene (PANI/HSPS) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline within HSPS matrixes. The amount of polyaniline, the conductivity and the morphology of the composite films depend on the sulfonation level of HSPS and the immersion time in the aniline solution. A maximum conductivity of 0.1 S/cm and high transmittance of 80% (at 460–680 nm) have been achieved.
Neither Too Sweet nor Too Sour: Problem Peers, Maternal Control, and Problem Behavior in African American Adolescents

This study examined whether maternal control protects African American adolescents from the negative influence of problem peers. Two forms of control were examined, behavioral control and psychological control. It was hypothesized that there would be a curvilinear relation between control and adolescent problem behavior, with the strength of the relationship and the amount of control optimal for adolescent development varying by the level of peer problem behavior. In general, data supported this model, particularly in regard to behavioral control, where the predicted curvilinear interaction occurred even after controlling for initial levels of problem behavior. The predicted curvilinear interaction between psychological control and peer problem behavior was statistically significant if initial levels of problem behavior were not controlled for but was not significant after controlling for initial problem behavior. These findings suggest that high-quality parenting can play a modest but critical role in the face of environmental adversity.
Scm3 Is a Centromeric Nucleosome Assembly Factor

The Cse4 nucleosome at each budding yeast centromere must be faithfully assembled each cell cycle to specify the site of kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment for chromosome segregation. Although Scm3 is required for the localization of the centromeric H3 histone variant Cse4 to centromeres, its role in nucleosome assembly has not been tested. We demonstrate that Scm3 is able to mediate the assembly of Cse4 nucleosomes in vitro, but not H3 nucleosomes, as measured by a supercoiling assay. Localization of Cse4 to centromeres and the assembly activity depend on an evolutionarily conserved core motif in Scm3, but localization of the CBF3 subunit Ndc10 to centromeres does not depend on this motif. The centromere targeting domain of Cse4 is sufficient for Scm3 nucleosome assembly activity. Assembly does not depend on centromeric sequence. We propose that Scm3 plays an active role in centromeric nucleosome assembly.
Repression of RNA Polymerase II and III Transcription during M Phase of the Cell Cycle

Nuclear transcription is repressed when eukaryotic cells enter mitosis. Using Xenopus egg extracts shifted to the mitotic state with recombinant cyclin B1 protein, we have been able to reproduce mitotic repression of transcription in vitro. Active RNA polymerase III transcription is observed in interphase extracts in the absence of added cyclin, but is strongly repressed by the induction of cdc2/cyclin B (maturation/mitosis promoting factor, MPF) kinase activity in the mitotic extract. Studies with protein kinase inhibitors show that protein phosphorylation is required for repression. Add-back experiments indicate that repression of class III gene transcription is due to inactivation of the transcription factor TFIIIB. TFIIIB is composed of the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors of 75 and 92 kDa. In the present study, we show that TBP and a polypeptide of 92 kDa are substrates of the mitotic kinase in highly purified TF- IIIB fractions. We also show that a phosphatase present in the Xenopus egg extract can reactivate transcription after repression by the mitotic kinases. This result suggests a mechanism for reactivation of transcription after exit from mitosis into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. As for pol III genes, purified cdc2/cyclin B kinase is sufficient to inhibit transcription by RNA polymerase II in a reconstituted transcription system containing the basal transcription factors and polymerase.
Facts, Law, Exculpation, and Inculpation: Comments on Simons

Orthodox criminal law doctrine treats mistakes of law and mistakes of fact differently for purposes of both exculpation and inculpation. Kenneth Simons’ paper in general defends this orthodoxy. I have earlier criticized the criminal law’s attempt to distinguish mistakes of law from mistakes of fact, and I continue to maintain, in opposition to Simons, that the distinction is problematic.
Friendship in the classical world

Introduction 1. Archaic Greece 2. The classical city 3. The Hellenistic world 4. Rome 5. Christian and pagan Bibliography Index.
Won’t get fooled again: An event-related potential study of task and repetition effects on the semantic processing of items without semantics

A growing body of evidence suggests that semantic access is obligatory. Several studies have demonstrated that brain activity associated with semantic processing, measured in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP), is elicited even by meaningless, orthographically illegal strings, suggesting that semantic access is not gated by lexicality. However, the downstream consequences of that activity vary by item type, exemplified by the typical finding that N400 activity is reduced by repetition for words and pronounceable nonwords but not for illegal strings. We propose that this lack of repetition effect for illegal strings is caused not by lack of contact with semantics, but by the unrefined nature of that contact under conditions in which illegal strings can be readily categorised as task-irrelevant. To test this, we collected ERPs from participants performing a modified Lexical Decision Task, in which the presence of orthographically illegal acronyms rendered meaningless illegal strin...