cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethanol effects on GABA-gated current in a model of increased α4βδ GABAA receptor expression depend on time course and preexposure to low concentrations of the drug

Abstract Several recent studies have suggested that αβδ subtypes of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptors (δ-GABAR) are a target for low dose ethanol ( 20 )-gated current was recorded with whole-cell patch clamp procedures from acutely isolated pyramidal cells. We assessed ethanol's effect on GABA-gated current using either (1) 2–5min application of ethanol in increasing concentrations (0.1–30mM) or (2) coadministration of ethanol with GABA. Two minute application of 1–3mM ethanol produced optimal potentiation of GABA-gated current following steroid treatment, with higher concentrations less effective. In contrast, 30mM ethanol produced optimal effects when ethanol was not preapplied. However, following preapplication of 1mM ethanol, 30mM ethanol decreased the peak GABA-gated current. These findings suggest that ethanol may act at multiple interacting sites to affect GABAR efficacy and desensitization. These data also suggest that ethanol effects on GABA-gated current are affected by the time course of exposure and previous exposure to low concentrations of the drug.
Accuracy and robustness of Kinect pose estimation in the context of coaching of elderly population

The Microsoft Kinect camera is becoming increasingly popular in many areas aside from entertainment, including human activity monitoring and rehabilitation. Many people, however, fail to consider the reliability and accuracy of the Kinect human pose estimation when they depend on it as a measuring system. In this paper we compare the Kinect pose estimation (skeletonization) with more established techniques for pose estimation from motion capture data, examining the accuracy of joint localization and robustness of pose estimation with respect to the orientation and occlusions. We have evaluated six physical exercises aimed at coaching of elderly population. Experimental results present pose estimation accuracy rates and corresponding error bounds for the Kinect system.
The Rationale for Collecting Patient-Reported Symptoms during Routine Chemotherapy

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as symptoms and functional status are commonly measured in clinical trials. There is increasing interest to integrate PROs into routine clinical practice, for ...
Effect of UV on the susceptibility of acid‐soluble Skh‐1 hairless mouse collagen to collagenase

Background/Purpose: Photoaging of the skin is a result of chronic exposure to environmental ultraviolet radiation (UV). The milieu provided by the extracellular matrix, which significantly influences the behaviour of resident fibroblasts, depends critically on the supermolecular collagen structure. We ask whether direct photochemical treatment of type I collagen with solar wavelengths capable of reaching the dermis can modify the substrate's susceptibility to collagenase in a model in vitro system. Methods: Acid- extracted Skh-1 hairless mouse collagen samples were irradiated with 0–140 J/cm2 of radiation from bank of filtered FS lamp (UVB/UVA = 0.33, fluence rate = 0.81 mW/cm2). Subsequent to UV irradiation, collagen samples were coupled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and assayed for susceptibility to bacterial collagenase by monitoring the appearance of supernatant FITC fluorescence (a measure of lysed collagen) over time of incubation. As a ‘reference’, unirradiated commercial FITC-labelled citrate-soluble collagen (Elastin Products, Owensville, MO 65066, USA) was similarly analysed. Results: Unirradiated mouse collagen had a lower rate of cleavage than did the calfskin sample. Irradiation of unlabelled mouse collagen for 0–48 h (0–140 J/cm2 total UV) rendered the sample more soluble, with concomitant chain degradation, cross-linking and loss of intrinsic collagen fluorescence. At irradiation time's ≥ 4 h (≥11.7 J/cm2), the irradiated collagen was significantly more susceptible to bacterial collagenase digestion. Discussion: It appears that the rate of cleavage depends on the superstructure of the collagen, since the kinetics of collagen cleavage differ for two collagen samples having essentially the same primary structure. Cleavage kinetics may depend on the ‘maturity’ (solubility) of the collagen. The observation that UV-damaged mouse collagen is a better substrate for collagenase than the intact sample may be illustrative of a mechanism whereby damaged collagen targets itself for selective attack by collagenase.
Predecessor Rain Events ahead of Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Twenty-eight predecessor rain events (PREs) that occurred over the United States east of the Rockies during 1995–2008 are examined from a synoptic climatology and case study perspective. PREs are coherent mesoscale regions of heavy rainfall, with rainfall rates ≥100 mm (24 h)−1, that can occur approximately 1000 km poleward of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs). PREs occur most commonly in August and September, and approximately 36 h prior to the arrival of the main rain shield associated with the TC. A distinguishing feature of PREs is that they are sustained by deep tropical moisture that is transported poleward directly from the TC. PREs are high-impact weather events that can often result in significant inland flooding, either from the PRE itself or from the subsequent arrival of the main rain shield associated with the TC that falls onto soils already saturated by the PRE. The composite analysis shows that on the synoptic-scale, PREs form in the equatorward jet-entrance region of a 200-hPa je...
Molecular Dynamics Studies Using Frequency-Domain Fluorometry

The dynamical behavior of large molecules can be studied by measuring the fluorescence of fluorophores bound to the molecule. Time-resolved fluorescence, using frequency-domain technique, provides a unique tool for the analysis of the emission from complex systems. Time resolution of few picoseconds is attainable using state-of-the-art commercial phase and modulation fluorometers. The development of these high-resolution instruments allowed for a new understanding of the internal motions of proteins and of molecules embedded in natural and synthetic membranes.
A syndrome of irreversible leukoencephalopathy following pediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Background Despite decreases in overall mortality following bone marrow transplantation (BMT), a number of complications such as neurotoxicity have been described and often associated with immunosuppressive agents. The syndrome of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy has been described in patients receiving cyclosporin and FK-506. We report here a subset of children who developed a syndrome of previously undescribed irreversible leukoencephalopathy following allogeneic BMT. Patients and Methods Between 1996 and 2002, 138 pediatric patients received an allogeneic BMT at Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. Six cases of irreversible leukoencephalopathy were observed. Cases were defined as children who exhibited progressive and continued, severe neurologic deterioration lasting greater than 2 weeks and consistent with non-localizing, central nervous system abnormalities. Medical records and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were reviewed. Results Median age of the affected patients at BMT was 7.8 years. All six received cyclosporin, but none had elevated drug levels. Encephalopathy occurred at a median of 53 days (range 14–77) following BMT. Symptoms at onset of leukoenceophalopathy included confusion and altered mental status, sluggish pupillary responses, abnormal movements, and seizures. Two patients died during their neurologic decline. Four patients remain alive with persistent encephalopathy. MRI showed abnormalities in all patients including periventricular or subcortical white matter involvement in all, and basal ganglia lesions in three. Conclusions We report a syndrome of irreversible neurologic deficits and cerebral white matter abnormalities following allogeneic BMT, yet not associated with elevated cyclosporin levels. A precise mechanism for this syndrome is lacking and warrants further consideration. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:213–217. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nanoscale hydride formation at dislocations in palladium: Ab initio theory and inelastic neutron scattering measurements

Hydrogen arranges at dislocations in palladium to form nanoscale hydrides, changing the vibrational spectra. An ab initio hydrogen potential energy model versus Pd neighbor distances allows us to predict the vibrational excitations for H from absolute zero up to room temperature adjacent to a partial dislocation and with strain. Using the equilibrium distribution of hydrogen with temperature, we predict excitation spectra to explain new incoherent inelastic neutron-scattering measurements. At 0 K, dislocation cores trap H to form nanometer-sized hydrides, while increased temperature dissolves the hydrides and disperses H throughout bulk Pd.
Loose ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats elicits transient up-regulation of Homer1a gene expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

Abstract Changes in the expression of many genes underlie injury-elicited plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn. Homer1 is a recently identified gene that appears to play a critical role in the expression of synaptic plasticity in several brain regions, including the hippocampus. In this study we investigated the early consequences of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve on Homer1 gene expression in the spinal dorsal horn. Significant increases in Homer1a mRNA levels in the ipsilateral dorsal horn were detected at 4 h post-ligation, and these levels remained elevated at 8 h before returning to baseline values by 24 h after the ligation. In contrast, the levels of Homer1b/c mRNA did not change at any of these selected post-ligation times. The ligation-associated induction of Homer1a was dependent on activation of NMDA receptors and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway. The non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist, MK-801, and a specific inhibitor of the ERK1/2 pathway, U0126, significantly attenuated the injury-elicited increases in Homer1a mRNA when compared to saline-treated animals. These data provide the first evidence for a potential role of Homer1a in peripheral nerve injury-elicited plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn. These data also imply that the early and transient up-regulation of Homer1a gene expression may be an important contributor to the eventual development of neuropathic pain.
Educating Citizens serves to educate at all levels of higher education

Purpose – To provide readers with a summary and appraisal of the book, Educating Citizens: Preparing America's Undergraduates for Lives of Moral and Civic Responsibility.Design/methodology/approach – After a thorough examination of the text, its value is considered from the perspective of a university faculty member who is interested in the development of citizen education programs.Findings – Educating Citizens: Preparing America's Undergraduates for Lives of Moral and Civic Responsibility provides a thought‐provoking case for the development of civic and moral learning programs at undergraduate institutions. Using their research at 12 diverse higher learning institutions, the authors highlight the importance of and impediments to developing citizen education programs and go further to define and establish goals for such programs. Detailed strategies on how to incorporate civic learning into the classroom, curriculum programs, extracurricular activities, and the institution at large are also evaluated.Res...
Loss of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl leads to enhanced inflammation in the CNS and delayed removal of myelin debris during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Axl, together with Tyro3 and Mer, constitute the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases. In the nervous system, Axl and its ligand Growth-arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) are expressed on multiple cell types. Axl functions in dampening the immune response, regulating cytokine secretion, clearing apoptotic cells and debris, and maintaining cell survival. Axl is upregulated in various disease states, such as in the cuprizone toxicity-induced model of demyelination and in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, suggesting that it plays a role in disease pathogenesis. To test for this, we studied the susceptibility of Axl-/- mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. WT and Axl-/- mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant and injected with pertussis toxin on day 0 and day 2. Mice were monitored daily for clinical signs of disease and analyzed for pathology during the acute phase of disease. Immunological responses were monitored by flow cytometry, cytokine analysis and proliferation assays. Axl-/- mice had a significantly more severe acute phase of EAE than WT mice. Axl-/- mice had more spinal cord lesions with larger inflammatory cuffs, more demyelination, and more axonal damage than WT mice during EAE. Strikingly, lesions in Axl-/- mice had more intense Oil-Red-O staining indicative of inefficient clearance of myelin debris. Fewer activated microglia/macrophages (Iba1+) were found in and/or surrounding lesions in Axl-/- mice relative to WT mice. In contrast, no significant differences were noted in immune cell responses between naive and sensitized animals. These data show that Axl alleviates EAE disease progression and suggests that in EAE Axl functions in the recruitment of microglia/macrophages and in the clearance of debris following demyelination. In addition, these data provide further support that administration of the Axl ligand Gas6 could be therapeutic for immune-mediated demyelinating diseases.
Histidine substitution identifies a surface position and confers Cs+ selectivity on a K+ pore

The amino acid located at position 369 is a key determinant of the ion conduction pathway or pore of the voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv2.1 and a chimeric channel, CHM, constructed by replacing the pore region of Kv2.1 with that of Kv3.1. To determine the orientation of residue 369 with respect to the aqueous lumen of the pore, the nonpolar Ile at 369 in Kv2.1 was replaced with a basic His. This substitution produced a Cs(+)-selective channel with Cs+:K+ permeability ratio of 4 compared to 0.1 in the wild type. Block by external tetraethylammonium (TEA) was reduced about 20-fold, while block by internal TEA was unaffected. External protons and Zn2+, that are known to interact with the imidazole ring of His, blocked the mutant channel much more effectively than the wild type channel. The blockade by Zn2+ and protons was voltage-independent, and the proton blockade had a pKa of about 6.5, consistent with the pKa for His in solution. The histidyl-specific reagent diethylpyrocarbonate produced greatly exaggerated blockade of the mutated channel compared to the wild type. The residue at position 369 appears to form part of the binding site for external TEA and to influence the selectivity for monovalent cations. We suggest that the imidazole side-chain of His369 is exposed to the aqueous lumen at a surface position near the external mouth of the pore.
Towards integration of policies into DSMLs

As domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) become more widely used, it is important to develop approaches for creating DSMLs that allows different aspects of the language to be incrementally added. It is important, where possible, that the new aspects (or features) of the DSML be added using an automated or semi-automated approach. By creating such an approach the developers of a DSML can start with the constructs to describe the main functionality in the domain, then add those features to the DSML necessary to specify the non-functional constraints in the domain. In this paper we present a semi-automatic approach to integrate a policy language into an existing DSML. As proof of concept we apply the approach to a simple DSML from the bookstore domain.
Genetic interpretation of lead-isotopic data from the Columbia River Basalt Group, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho

Lead-isotopic signatures of basalts from the Columbia River Basalt Group of central Oregon, Washington, and western Idaho, and of the high-alumina olivine basalts from southeastern Oregon plot mostly in the field of Pb-isotopic data from volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range. In contrast to the mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), the Pb-isotopic data for several of the formations form small, tight clusters, and the Nd- and Sr-isotopic data show discrete variation between these basalt groups. Pseudoisochrons are not observed. A single model will account for the observed isotopic and trace-element data from samples from most of the Columbia River Basalt Group. This model calls for partial melting of the convecting oceanic-type mantle and mixing with, or contamination by, fluids derived from continental-derived sediments. It requires that crustal components are not only subducted along the trench, but that they are also transported in the low-velocity zone of the mantle at least 400 km behind the active volcanic arc into the back-arc environment represented by the Columbia Plateaus province. Lead isotopes in the Saddle Mountains Basalt, the youngest formation, suggest that these magmas were formed by partial melting of a 2.6-b.y.-old subcontinental lithosphere that extends as far west as south-central Washington near Ice Harbor Dam. The source material for these flows is characterized by high Th/U, Th/Pb, Rb/Sr, and Nd/Sm ratios and light REE enrichment. An additional component, presumably granitic crust, is necessary to explain the Pb-isotopic data of the Umatilla and perhaps the Pomona Members of the Saddle Mountains Basalt. This contamination model is supported by published δ18O data and petrological interpretation. Published studies of basalts from the Deccan Traps, the Tasmanian dolerites, the Snake River Group, and the volcanics of the Yellowstone Plateau province also suggest that melting of old subcontinental lithosphere beneath the continental crust may be an important process in basalt genesis on a global scale.
Metabolism of O, O-Dimethyl O-[4-(Methylthio)-m-Tolyl] Phosphorothioate by White Rats

O, O -dimethyl O -[4-(methylthio)- m -tolyl] phosphorothioate or Bayer 29493 was oxidized by rats at the phosphoryl sulfur and the thiophenyl group; the sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives of the parent material and its oxygen analog were isolated and identified. Oxidation rather than isomerization was the predominant activation process. The urine and feces contained different percentages of each metabolite. Hydrolysis occurred primarily at the P-O-phenyl bond; cleavage of the P-O-methyl bond was not demonstrated. The percentage of hydrolytic products in the urine decreased as the number of doses increased (10 mg./kg./ day for 10 days). The cholinesterase of the blood and brain of rats was inhibited rapidly and recovered slowly. The acetonitrile-soluble residues in the liver, kidney, muscle, skin, and heart were negligible at 3 days following oral (100 mg./kg.) or intraperitoneal treatment of rats. About 80% of the administered Bayer 29493 equivalents was eliminated in the excreta regardless of the route of administration.
Rapid Desensitization Protocols for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Aspirin Hypersensitivity in an Era of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

Objective:To review the available protocols for rapid desensitization of patients with aspirin hypersensitivity and apply the data for use in patients with cardiovascular disease who would benefit from the dual antiplatelet therapy.Data Sources:A literature search was conducted via MEDLINE from 1966 to December 2006. Main search terms included: aspirin sensitivity, aspirin allergy, aspirin desensitization, aspirin-induced asthma, aspirin therapy, and aspirin intolerance syndrome.Study Selection And Data Extraction:Articles describing rapid aspirin desensitization protocols were selected for review. Literature pertaining to aspirin hypersensitivity, drug desensitization, and the use of aspirin and dual antiplatelet therapy was also examined. Three rapid desensitization protocols were identified and evaluated.Data Synthesis:While landmark studies demonstrated that dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel significantly reduces mortality and morbidity in acute coronary syndromes and coronary ste...
Steady-state Green’s function solution for moving media with axial conduction

The objective of this presentation is the development of a generalized steady-state Green’s function solution to study the temperature field in moving bodies. This type of solution permits the inclusion of different nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, volumetric heat sources, and possible position-dependent thermophysical properties. Although the mathematical formulation is for moving solids, it can be used to study the heat transfer in a moving fluid with a non-uniform velocity distribution passing through a micro-channel or fluid-satu rated porous ducts. Additionally, this presentation includes the application of this Green’s function solution to acquire numerical information for selected examples to further illustrate the numerical details.
Opportunistic interference alignment effects in cooperative broadcast of multiple-source

In this paper we are concerned with a scenario in which multiple messages (K) are concurrently flooding a dense wireless network. Rather than using standard packet switching we assume that the nodes relay cooperatively the messages, if they are able to decode them. Our objective is to propose and analyze a scheme that exploits the alignment of interference that opportunistically arises in the relay process. More specifically, each receiver observes the K messages over D dimensions through an MIMO random channel. For each message, there exists an MIMO channel matrix that is associated with the interference. The key idea is to use the spatial occurrence of MIMO interference matrices that have a high condition number to design good beamformers to decode the messages. We refer to this effect as opportunistic interference alignment. We show that this scheme can result in successful broadcast.
Young Adult Casual Sexual Behavior Life-Course-Specific Motivations and Consequences

Most young adults have had some casual sex experience. However, it is important to understand the motivations for such behavior. We investigate the motivations for and consequences of casual sex using a life-course lens. We use the Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study to examine a diverse sample of young adults with recent casual sexual experiences (N = 239). We draw on a subset of in-depth relationship narratives (N = 44) to provide a more nuanced understanding of the motivations for and consequences of casual sex. We find that sexual pleasure and substance use remain the most common reasons for participating in casual sex. However, young adults report motives that are associated with the young adult stage in the life course including too busy for commitment, geographic mobility, and feeling too young to be tied down. These findings can inform service providers who work with the young adult population.
Catalan numbers in process synthesis

En 1972, Thompson et King ont presente une equation sous forme fermee pour determiner le nombre de sequences possibles pour separer N composants en simples composants. On montre que cette determination est une simple application des nombres de Catalan connus en mathematiques depuis 1751
Men's Sexual Aggression in Marriage Couples' Reports

The present study investigated husbands' sexual aggression in marriage through both spouses' reports. The sample consisted of 252 maritally discordant heterosexual couples seeking marital therapy and 53 community control couples. Results indicated clinic wives reported significantly higher rates and frequencies of the Husbands' Sexual Coercion factor and the Husbands' Threatened/Forced Sex factor than community wives. The relationship between husbands' physical and sexual violence was also examined. Husbands' Sexual Coercion was associated with their psychological aggression, whereas Husbands' Threatened/Forced Sex was related to moderate and severe physical aggression. Compared to nonabused wives and moderately physically abused wives, severely physically abused wives reported the highest rates and frequencies of Sexual Coercion and Threatened/Forced Sex.
Time's Struggle with Space: Kierkegaard's Understanding of Temporality

What then is time? Who can find a quick and easy answer to that question? Whoever in his mind can grasp the subject well enough to be able to make a statement on it? Yet in ordinary conversation we use the word 'time' more often and more familiarly than any other. And certainly we understand what we mean by it, just as we must understand what others mean by it when we hear the word from them. What then is time? I know what it is if no one asks me what it is; but if I want to explain it to someone who has asked me, I find that I do not know.1
How Values Shape and Are Shaped by Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations The Current State of the Field

To advance understanding of the relationship between values and organizations, this review synthesizes classic and recent organizational and sociological research, including this symposium’s articles on voluntary associations. We argue that all organizations reflect, enact, and propagate values. Organizations draw on culture, which offers a tool kit of possible actions supported by institutional logics that delineate appropriate activities and goals. Through institutional work, organizations can secure acceptance for unfamiliar practices and their associated values, often under the logic of democracy. Values may be discerned in any organization’s goals, practices, and forms, including “value-free” bureaucracies and collectivist organizations with participatory practices. We offer suggestions for enhancing understanding of how collectivities advance particular values within their groups or society.
A TEST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION IN TWO SPECIES OF KILLIFISH

Behavioral isolation is a common and potent mechanism of reproductive isolation. Determining the extent to which behavioral isolation varies with environmental conditions is critical to understanding speciation and the maintenance of species boundaries. Here, we tested the effect of salinity on behavioral isolation (female species recognition, male-male competition, and male species recognition) between two closely related killifish (Lucania goodei and L. parva) that differ in salinity tolerance. We performed no-choice assays and behavioral trials where males could compete and court females in fresh water (0 ppt) and brackish water (15 ppt). We found high levels of behavioral isolation that did not vary as a function of salinity. In behavioral trials, male species recognition of females was strong and asymmetric between the two species. Lucania goodei males preferred conspecifics and rarely courted or mated with L. parva females. Lucania parva males preferred conspecifics but readily courted and mated with L. goodei females. This asymmetry matches previously documented asymmetries in hybrid offspring fitness. Crosses between L. parva males and L. goodei females produce fully viable/fertile hybrids, but crosses between L. goodei males and L. parva females produce males with reduced fertility. Hence, behavioral isolation may have evolved in part due to reinforcement.
A Remark on Casselman’s Comparison Theorem

This paper is an outgrowth of our attempt to understand a comparison theorem of Casselman which asserts that Lie algebra homology groups, with respect to certain nilpotent algebras of a Harish-Chandra module and its C ∞ completion, coincide. Let us start with a precise statement of this theorem.
Axon diameters and intradural trajectories of the dural innervation in the rat.

Neurophysiological studies have characterized the sensory responses of primary afferent nociceptors that innervate the intracranial dura. The present study used anatomical methods to examine in greater detail the axonal trajectories within the dura, as well as the axonal size distribution of the dural innervation. Immunostaining for CGRP in dural wholemounts revealed a network of fibers extending across the entire dura, with an especially dense plexus running along the borders of the transverse and superior sagittal sinuses. The plexus along the caudal border of the transverse sinus partially overlapped the dural area that shows the greatest density of mast cells. Visualization of axon bundles by DiI application in formalin-fixed tissue revealed two separate systems of fibers in the dura that could be distinguished by the orientation of their trajectories: one that runs parallel to the middle meningeal artery (MMA), and another with a more or less orthogonal orientation that runs rostromedially from the transverse sinus across the MMA. Axons traversed large distances across the dura, but the majority of the branching and arborization was usually concentrated in the distal part of the trajectory. In separate animals, measurement of myelinated axon diameters with electron microscopy showed that approximately one-third of the myelinated axons in the nerves supplying the dura (nervus spinosus and tentorial nerves) could be classified as A-beta, since they were comparable in size to the majority of axons in the trochlear nerve and the upper end of the size range in the trigeminal nerve (i.e., >5 μm). J. Comp. Neurol. 473:364–376, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
General principles of asthma management: environmental control

House dust mites produce potent allergens that are a cause of asthma, nasal allergies, and skin allergies in sensitized individuals. This article educates nurses about house dust mites, factors influencing their growth, and methods to reduce allergic exposure in homes. The method used is an evidenced-based literature review. Nurses play an important role not only in educating patients about the major measures, but also in helping them to obtain high-quality products at an economical price. This article summarizes the most clinically important allergen reduction methods based on scientific review.
Protenv: a programming environment for protocol development

The design and functionality of Protenv, a programming environment for protocol development, is described. Protenv runs under X windows and allows the user to develop protocols using Petri nets and Estelle. The combination of Petri nets and Estelle provides a precise protocol specification as well as a powerful way for graphical visualization and verification of protocols. The use of Protenv to specify, analyze, and implement the manufacturing message specification (MMS) is also discussed. >
CRISPR/Cas9 and Germline Modification: New Difficulties in Obtaining Informed Consent.

Human beings have been using techniques like selective breeding to effect changes in plant and animal genes for thousands of years. However, in the past few decades, scientists have developed techn...
The Use and Abuse of Aristotle: Richard T. Ely's Theory of the State

In arguing for his modern, progressive state, Ely reaches back in time and draws on, of all people, Aristotle. This might seem to be an odd choice for an historicist. But as a rhetorical strategy, it makes a good deal of sense. Hegel is a foreign import at great variance with the Founding. So too (on the surface, at any rate) is Aristotle. But Aristotle has much more intellectual authority among those loyal to the Founding. Ely’s intent in citing Aristotle is to use the distance that separates defenders of the Founding from Aristotle as, so to speak, a lever to separate Americans from their Founding. But is Ely’s use of Aristotle sound? In fact, there are a number of problems with using Aristotle to argue for a state dedicated to social gospel progressivism. In contrast to Aristotle's polis, Ely's state cannot reliably promise that its elites will be satisfied. Moreover, Ely’s social science methods, implemented by and through the state, would depoliticize America and reduce ordinary men from active citizens to dehumanized objects of scientific manipulation. And this places Ely's state in the category of Aristotle’s defective regimes. Ely’s state thus fails both elites and ordinary men.
The Art and Science of a Symbiotic Relationship with Your Monitor

There are 68 National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Centers in the United States and the District of Columbia that form the backbone of NCI’s programs for studying and controlling cancer.[1][1] A typical NCI-Designated Cancer Center manages approximately 130 actively accruing
Measuring Rule 16.1: Colorado's Simplified Civil Procedure Experiment

Over eight years ago, the Colorado Supreme Court put in place a new pretrial procedure for district court actions involving claims of $100,000 or less between any two parties. The idea behind Colorado Rule of Civil Procedure 16.1 (“Rule 16.1”) was to provide a simpler process for relatively small cases, with more extensive disclosures and essentially no discovery followed by a more expedited trial. It is an optional procedure, with a corresponding cap on recovery. As interest in streamlined pretrial procedures, case differentiation, and voluntary processes grows, it is important to examine one such rule that has been in place for some time. Through this evaluation, IAALS, the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System at the University of Denver, attempts to answer the question: What has happened with Rule 16.1 in Colorado?
Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton's Duel: A Brief Note on Underutilized Sources

In 2015, fueled by a wildly successful Broadway musical produced 211 years after his death, Alexander Hamilton is having a revival. This provides an appropriate moment to look back at the duel between Hamilton (former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury) and Aaron Burr (vice-president of the United States), and to share several documents from that extraordinary event.
Prison Games: State Patronage and Neotraditional Sport in Kenya

Behind the imposing gates of Nairobi’s Ruiru prison, the Kenya national wrestling team assembles each morning for practice. Staffed by professional coaches and athletes on paid release from their duties, this team of prison warders represents an attempt by the post-colonial state to promote a martial sporting tradition within the larger government security apparatus. With its roots in the state-patronage and control of sport under colonial rule this paper analyzes the continuities and change within state patronage of local sport in Kenya and the ways martial traditions have been commodified within a national program dominated by football politics and distant running prowess. Examining the colonial decline of traditional wrestling and its contemporary neo-traditional resurgence, I argue that wrestling provide a unique intersection between national and grassroots efforts to promote martial traditions among Kenyan youth. Based off 2011 and 2013 field research informants from both sides of the prison walls argue that wrestling symbolizes a moral performative space for the youth as well as an attempt to chance to revive an indigenous sport which was pushed to the fringe of African popular culture under the state policies of British colonial rule.
Transverse Mechanical Behavior of High-Strength Monocarbide Eutectics

The transverse tensile behavior of NiTaC alloys is determined by the fracture strength of the matrix grain boundary and matrix alloy content. Alloys containing high levels of elements partitioning to the gamma prime phase of the matrix have high matrix yield stresses at elevated temperatures and low ductilities. Boron additions increase tensile strength and ductility by increasing the matrix grain boundary strength.
Prenatal exposure to stilbestrol. A prospective comparison of exposed female offspring with unexposed controls.

Abstract The effects of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol were studied by a prospective cohort investigation of 110 exposed and 82 unexposed females. The general health characteristics of mothers and daughters in both groups were similar. Among the exposed, there were striking benign alterations of the genital tract, which included transverse ridges (22 per cent), abnormal vaginal mucosa (56 per cent), and biopsy-proved adenosis (35 per cent). Among the unexposed there were no ridges and one case of vaginal mucosal abnormality including adenosis (p < 0.0001). Abnormal cervical epithelium occurred in almost all exposed subjects but in only half the unexposed (p < 0.0001). The incidence of vaginal adenosis was highest when diethylstilbestrol was begun in early pregnancy. It was not detected when treatment was initiated in the 18th week or later. Oral contraceptive use and prior pregnancy were associated with less adenosis and erosion, respectively (p <0.05). No cases of cancer were observed. (N Engl J...
Backscattered Polarization Patterns as a Manifestation of Phase Vortices

Fourfold symmetric polarization patterns were observed in many cases involving backscattering from random medium. We will demonstrate that these patterns can be interpreted in terms of phase vortices introduced in the backscattering process.
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Lygus Bugs in California Cotton Fields

Adults and nymphs of Lygus hesperus Knight and L. elisus Van Duzee were found to be distributed in cotton fields in clumped, nonrandom patterns. The nymphs showed more clustering than the adults. The adults and nymphs were consistent in their degree of clumping between 8 AM and 6 PM. The observed distribution patterns were fitted by several contagious mathematical models. Statistical analyses indicate the feasibility of using theoretical distributions to describe samples based on adult-plus-nymph or adult-plus-twice-nymphs counts.
Structural and Dynamical Properties of Intercalated Layered Silicates

Structural and dynamical properties of intercalated solids in general [1], and layered silicates of the type AxB1−x -Vermiculite in particular, are of both fundamental and practical interest. In these systems, two types of ions A and B with different ionic radii occupy the space between two silicate layers. On the fundamental side, one is interested in studying the average interlayer spacing as a function of (1) the concentration x of the large ion, (2) sizes and compressibilities of the intercalated ions and (3) the transverse rigidity of the silicate layers. In addition, one is interested in the dynamic properties of these solids. On the practical side, when the size difference between the two intercalants is large, one obtains pillared clays which are characterized by widely spaced silicate layers that are propped apart by sparsely distributed larger interlayer cations (sometimes referred to as pillars) [2]. The enormous free volume of accessible interior space that is derived from such an open structure has significent practical application in the field of catalysis and sieving.
Pupillary sign of aberrant regeneration of the third nerve

A 55-year-old woman presented with a third nerve palsy and impaired abduction of her right eye. MRI showed a lesion at the orbital apex extending into the cavernous sinus. A biopsy showed invasive Aspergillus fumigatus and she was treated with antifungals with only partial improvement.
Structure and reactivity of sulfonamide- and acetate-chelated ruthenium alkylidene complexes

Novel ruthenium alkylidene complexes are prepared via enyne ring-closing metathesis, and the structural features of acetate- and sulfonamide-chelates are explored by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. All 5-membered sulfonamide chelates and 6-membered acetate chelates have the chelated oxygen and the NHC ligand in cis relationship, which force the two chloride ligands into cis orientation. Upon exposure to carbon monoxide, while acetate chelates decomposed to generate vinyl acetates, the sulfonamide chelate formed an unprecedented CO-bound octahedral ruthenium alkylidene complex. In this complex, the alkylidene carbene moiety and the NHC ligand have a trans relationship, which is the first example of Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene to have this unique trans geometry. This complex is devoid of metathesis activity because of the coordinatively saturated nature of the ruthenium center with a completely locked ligand environment, which does not allow either associative or dissociative ligand–substrate exchange with alkene substrates.
Sight-Threatening Ocular Diseases Remain Underdiagnosed Among Children Of Less Affluent Families

Sight-threatening eye diseases such as strabismus (misaligned eyes) and amblyopia (lazy eye) develop during childhood. The earlier in life these diseases are diagnosed and effectively treated, the greater the chance of preventing irreversible long-term sight loss. Using 2001-14 claims data for nearly 900,000 US children with health insurance, we followed a cohort for up to fourteen years from birth, to assess whether household net worth affected rates of visits to ophthalmologists and optometrists or rates of diagnoses of strabismus and amblyopia. We found considerably lower use of eye care services among children in less affluent families than among those in more affluent ones, resulting in estimates of nearly 13,000 missed strabismus diagnoses and over 5,000 missed amblyopia diagnoses in a ten-year period. Despite ongoing efforts to improve screening rates for serious childhood ocular disorders, more attention should be directed to overcoming economic barriers that keep children from obtaining necessary eye care services.
Invariants of One-Factorizations

It is obvious that there is only one one-factor in K 2, and it (trivially) constitutes the unique one-factorization. Similarly K 4 has just three one-factors, and together they form a factorization.
Abstract 3664: RARRES2 functions as a direct tumor suppressor by promoting beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation independent of CMKLR1 and CMKLR1-mediated antitumor immune response in adrenocortical carcinoma

Tumor suppressors and the immune system are critical players in tumor suppression. However, little is known about whether a tumor suppressor can function through both immune-dependent and immune-independent mechanisms. RARRES2 is a small secreted protein that is down-regulated in multiple human cancer types such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and melanoma. It has been shown that RARRES2 can play an indirect tumor-suppressive role by acting as a chemoattractant to recruit anti-cancer immune cells expressing its receptor CMKLR1 to sites of tumor. In this study, we show that epigenetic CpG hypermethylation of RARRES2 in vivo and in vitro in ACC causes RARRES2 down-regulation. We also found that RARRES2 can function as a direct tumor suppressor and that its tumor suppressive effect does not depend on the recruitment of CMKLR1-expressing immune cells. We show that although exogenous treatment of cultured cells with recombinant human RARRES2 protein did not show any tumor-suppressive effect, transient overexpression of RARRES2 significantly inhibited cellular invasion. Stable overexpression of RARRES2 in ACC cell line NCI-H295R led to significantly reduced cell proliferation, cell invasion, and tumorigenecity in a RARRES2 dose-dependent manner. Using xenografts of stable NCI-H295R cell lines in two immunodeficient mouse models (athymic nude mice and NSG mice), we found that in the absence of functional immune cells, stable RARRES2 overexpression can still significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo. RARRES2 overexpression promoted beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and inhibited the secretion of matrix metalloprotease protein 10 (MMP10) from cancer cells in a RARRES2 dose-dependent manner. Taken into account that CMKLR1 expression is barely detectable in all the cell lines tested, our results present the first evidence that RARRES2 can function as a direct tumor suppressor independent of CMKLR1 and CMKLR1-mediated anti-tumor immune response. Citation Format: Yi Liu-Chittenden, Kelli Gaskins, Sophie Wang, Electron Kebebew. RARRES2 functions as a direct tumor suppressor by promoting beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation independent of CMKLR1 and CMKLR1-mediated antitumor immune response in adrenocortical carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3664.
Effect of Memory on the Stability of Spread Mooring Systems

The importance of including the hydrodynamic memory effect in modeling and analysis of spread mooring systems (SMS) is assessed based on the design methodology for mooring systems developed at the University of Michigan. The memory effect is modeled by the hydrodynamic radiation forces expressed in terms of added mass at infinite frequency and convolution integrals of impulse response functions. The convolution integrals, which are explicit functions of time, are converted to autonomous excitation by the method of extended dynamics. For a given SMS configuration, nonlinear stability and bifurcation theory are used to produce catastrophe sets in the parametric design space separating regions of qualitatively different system dynamics. This approach reveals the complete picture of nonlinear phenomena associated with system dynamics and eliminates the need for extensive simulations. Catastrophe sets are developed in several parametric design spaces, providing fundamental understanding of the memory effects on SMS nonlinear dynamics. The mathematical model is based on the slow-motion maneuvering equations in the horizontal plane, including hydrodynamic memory effect and third-order quasi-steady hydrodynamic forces. Mooring lines are modeled by synthetic fiber ropes attached to surface terminals and deep-water catenary chains with touchdown and nonlinear drag. Environmental loads consist of time-independent current, wind, and mean wave drift forces.
Blood Pressure and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in the ICU: Case-Control Versus Case-Crossover Designs

This chapter describes two different approaches—a case-control and a case-crossover design—to examine the effect of transient exposure of hypotension on the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We highlight the key differences and the design rationale of these two approaches, and present preliminary findings from applying these techniques to study the relationship between hypotension and AKI using the MIMIC II database.
Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study of structure of liquid and amorphous Ni62Nb38 alloy

The state-of-the-art experimental and atomistic simulation techniques were utilized to study the structure of the liquid and amorphous Ni62Nb38 alloy. First, the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation was performed at rather high temperature where the time limitations of the AIMD do not prevent to reach the equilibrium liquid structure. A semi-empirical potential of the Finnis-Sinclair (FS) type was developed to almost exactly reproduce the AIMD partial pair correlation functions (PPCFs) in a classical molecular dynamics simulation. This simulation also showed that the FS potential well reproduces the bond angle distributions. The FS potential was then employed to elongate the AIMD PPCFs and determine the total structure factor (TSF) which was found to be in excellent agreement with X-ray TSF obtained within the present study demonstrating the reliability of the AIMD for the simulation of the structure of the liquid Ni–Nb alloys as well as the reliability of the developed FS potential. The glass s...