cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating multiple radio-to-router interfaces to open source dynamic routers

Military radio systems are often constrained systems that require per link information to effectively institute QoS policies, route packets, manage topology, and tunnel application data. One of the first attempts at providing standard radio-to-router information through a common interface was point-to-point over Ethernet (PPPoE) RFC5578. Although PPPoE RFC5578 works effectively for directional radios that form point-to-point links, there are a number of limitations including added overhead, requirement of Ethernet as the medium between radio and router, and inefficient medium reuse in broadcast environments. As a result, many new protocols such as Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) and Radio-to-Router Control Protocol (R2CP) have emerged to address the limitations of RFC5578 and provide a standard method to share per link information with the network layer. In previous work, an open source routing solution using a modified Quagga router to support dynamic link metrics were developed to support an open source implementation of radio-aware routing with RFC5578. In this paper, we present significant changes to this system to support both DLEP and R2CP on the open source router (OSR). These changes facilitate open source support of all 3 radio-to-router protocols and enable performance comparisons.1
Partitioning of small organic molecules in aqueous biphasic systems.

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) are suitable for the separation of small organic molecules in industrial and environmental applications and thus, it is important to correlate partitioning behavior of model organic solutes with their structure in order to develop predictive models. The partitioning behavior of five, uncharged, substituted benzenes (benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) were studied in ABS prepared from stock solutions of 40% (w/w) PEG-2000 and increasing concentrations of four water-structuring salts (K3PO4, K2CO3, (NH4)2SO4 and NaOH). For a given solute and a defined concentration of salt, the partition coefficients increase as the ΔGhyd value of the salt anion becomes more negative (e.g., Dbenzene increases in the order OH−<SO42−<CO32−<PO43−). In a given salt, the distribution ratios increase in the order benzene<toluene<chlorobenzene<1,4-dichlorobenzene<1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The partitioning behavior of the solutes in PEG–salt ABS was found to be strongly correlated with their partitioning coefficients in 1-octanol–water biphasic systems.
High-Yield Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Phase Reforming over Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Supported Catalysts

Pt and Pt–Co bimetallic catalysts supported on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by a wet reduction–decoration method and tested for catalytic activity of aqueous phase reforming of ethylene glycol. The Pt decorated on SWNT achieves a catalyst mass time hydrogen yield of 890 micromole gcat–1 min–1, which is higher than the reported results for Pt–alumina catalyst. Experiments also show that this catalyst has better activity than Pt supported on activated carbon with a similar surface area, showing the advantage of SWNTs as a catalyst support. Factors affecting the aqueous phase reforming activity, such as temperature, pressure, WHSV, catalyst particle size, etc., were investigated. We have also explored Pt–Co bimetallic catalysts by combining the structural characterization results with the reactivity results and revealed that bimetallic catalysts may promote the catalyst performance in two different ways: either via the formation of Pt–Co alloy phase or via the synergistic catalytic...
Urinary Bladder Incisions in Dogs Comparison of Ventral and Dorsal

The occurrence of postoperative adhesions following ventral (20 dogs) or dorsal (12 dogs) urinary bladder incisions was evaluated. The bladder incisions were sutured with 3–0 polydioxanone suture material in a two-layer closure. Laparotomy (no urinary bladder incision) was performed in four dogs, which served as controls. The surgical sites were examined 1 (30 dogs) and 2 weeks (6 dogs) after surgery. Omental adherence to the urinary bladder was a frequent finding, but none of the urinary bladders was adhered to the ventral abdominal wall incision.
Mimicking nature's strategies for the design of nanocatalysts

Recent developments in bionanotechnology have produced a knowledge pool that enables the fabrication, functionalization, and activation of inorganic nanostructures. Continued progress in this field has led to advances in inorganic nanomaterial control, providing for the generation of catalysts that operate under biologically influenced conditions of temperature, pressure, and solvent. Outlined in this Perspective are a selection of catalysts active for a variety of reactions including C–C coupling, chemical reduction, electrocatalysis, and bond cleavage reactions, where a combination of both the inorganic core and biological surface work in concert to achieve the final functionality. By fully understanding the total structure/function relationship of these bio-inspired nanomaterials, new catalytic structures could be designed using biological principles that are energy neutral, eco-friendly, and selective, all of which represent grand challenges in light of the current global condition.
Desulfurization of proteins by Raney nickel

Abstract The sulfur of cystine and methionine may be removed from proteins by Raney nickel catalyst. The method has been applied to casein and egg albumin. Rat repletion studies and microbiological assays demonstrate that the desulfurized proteins retain other essential amino acids. The method may be modified to prepare a methionine-containing, cystine-free protein.
Role constraints and first ladies

Abstract The First Ladyship is an institution that consists not only of the perceptions of its various occupants, and the accumulated precedents they have established, but also of the perceptions of the various audiences to which the First Ladies have played, and the elite and popular expectations that have accumulated over time in response to those precedents. Certain roles and their attendant behaviors are, thus, more likely than other roles and behaviors to attract elite and/or popular supports, whereas others are more likely to founder against one or more of the audience constraints that are part of the political ecology in which any First Lady operates.
Population density effects on longevity revisited - A note in response to 'Density and age-specific mortality' by J.W. Curtsinger

A note in response to 'Density and age-specific mortality' by J.W. Curtsinger Joseph L. Graves, jr.a & Laurence D. Mueller 2 1Department of Life Sciences, Box 37100, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ 85069-7100, USA 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA Received 19 April 1994 Accepted 10 August 1994 J.W. Curtsinger, in his short communication in this volume entitled 'Density and Age-Specific Mortality', states that our suggestion that population density might has been a confounding variable affecting the demon- stration of declining late-age mortality rates observed in the Medfly experiments in Carey et al. (1992) is specious. His claim results from four lines of argu- ment: first that Medflies are not Drosophila, second that our experiments investigating density effects in D. melanogaster were small in size, third that we used extremely high densities to show significant effects, and finally that the density effects we showed only could have had significant impacts on early mortality rates. He continues in this piece to ask if the declining late-life mortality rates observed when utilizing large initial populations are real, and if so, what do they tell us about the fundamental processes underlying senes- cence. la argue for the plausibility of this phenomenon in Medflies. This of course argues for the construction of experimental techniques which would not confound density and aging as in Carey et al. (1992). It is curious that after asserting the difference between Drosophi- la and Medflies, Curtsinger then goes on to cite his own research with Drosophila, which to him suggests that density should not be an important confounding factor in Carey's Medfly experiments. At this point, we suggest that Curtsinger take his own advice. In the end no amount of post-hoc arguing will rescue a badly designed experiment. The only way to really address the question of density effects in Medflies is to carry out experiments with that species to show how these might be manifested in that species. It can be noted that Curtsinger cites a new experiment in his com- ment (Vanpel, Carey and Liedo, submitted) designed to examine the density question. Medflies are not
A Haptic Feedback System for Lower-Limb Prostheses

A haptic feedback system has been developed to provide sensory information to patients with lower-limb prostheses or peripheral neuropathy. Piezoresistive force sensors were mounted against four critical contact points of the foot to collect and relay force information to a system controller, which in turn drives four corresponding pneumatically controlled balloon actuators. The silicone-based balloon actuators were mounted on a cuff worn on the middle thigh, with skin contacts on the posterior, anterior, medial, and lateral surfaces of the thigh. Actuator characterization and human perceptual testing were performed to determine the effectiveness of the system in providing tactile stimuli. The actuators were determined to have a monotonic input pressure-vertical deflection response. Six normal subjects wearing the actuator cuff were able to differentiate inflation patterns, directional stimuli and discriminate between three force levels with 99.0%, 94.8%, and 94.4% accuracy, respectively. With force sensors attached to a shoe insole worn by an operator, subjects were able to correctly indicate the movements of the operator with 95.8% accuracy. These results suggest that the pneumatic haptic feedback system design is a viable method to provide sensory feedback for the lower limbs.
Aquaporin 2: Not Just for Moving Water

Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is widely recognized for its role in vasopressin-stimulated water transport across the collecting duct and hence in the production of concentrated urine.[1][1],[2][2] AQP2 is primarily expressed in the apical plasma membrane and subapical vesicles of the collecting duct, although
Nanoparticulate drug carriers for delivery of HIV/AIDS therapy to viral reservoir sites

Providing the optimum treatment of AIDS is a major challenge in the 21st Century. HIV is localised and harboured in certain inaccessible compartments of the body, such as the CNS, the cerebrospinal fluid, the lymphatic system and in the macrophages, where it cannot be reached by the majority of therapeutic agents in adequate concentrations or in which the therapeutic agents cannot reside for the necessary duration. Progression in HIV/AIDS treatment suggests that available therapy can lower the systemic viral load below the detection limit. However, on discontinuation of treatment, there is relapse of the infection from the reservoir sites and a potential for resistance development. This review discusses the aetiology and pathology of HIV, with emphasis on the viral reservoirs, current therapy of AIDS, and the opportunity for nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to facilitate complete eradication of viral load from the reservoir sites. Literature-cited examples of drug delivery systems that are under...
Role of DMP1 and its future in lung cancer diagnostics

Lung cancer is the most lethal carcinoma worldwide. Mutations of p53, inactivation of p16(INK4a), and overexpression of cyclins E, A and B are independently associated with poor prognoses of patients, while the prognostic value of cyclin D1 or RB expression is inconclusive. Cyclin D binding myb-like protein 1 (Dmp1) encodes a DNA binding protein that receives signals from oncogenic Ras and functions as a tumor suppressor by activating the Arf-p53 [corrected] pathway. Dmp1 has been shown to be haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression in mouse models including K-ras-mediated lung carcinogenesis. The human DMP1 gene is located on chromosome 7q21, and our recent results revealed that the hDMP1 gene is deleted, but not mutated or silenced, in approximately 40 % of human non-small-cell lung carcinomas. These cases typically retained wild-type ARF and p53 and expressed very low levels of the hDMP1 protein. Thus, hDMP1 loss could be a novel diagnostic marker for non-small-cell lung carcinomas.
Utilization of Lactose and Galactose by Streptococcus mutans: Transport, Toxicity, and Carbon Catabolite Repression

Abundant in milk and other dairy products, lactose is considered to have an important role in oral microbial ecology and can contribute to caries development in both adults and young children. To better understand the metabolism of lactose and galactose by Streptococcus mutans, the major etiological agent of human tooth decay, a genetic analysis of the tagatose-6-phosphate (lac) and Leloir (gal) pathways was performed in strain UA159. Deletion of each gene in the lac operon caused various alterations in expression of a PlacA-cat promoter fusion and defects in growth on either lactose (lacA, lacB, lacF, lacE, and lacG), galactose (lacA, lacB, lacD, and lacG) or both sugars (lacA, lacB, and lacG). Failure to grow in the presence of galactose or lactose by certain lac mutants appeared to arise from the accumulation of intermediates of galactose metabolism, particularly galatose-6-phosphate. The glucose- and lactose-PTS permeases, EIIMan and EIILac, respectively, were shown to be the only effective transporters of galactose in S. mutans. Furthermore, disruption of manL, encoding EIIABMan, led to increased resistance to glucose-mediated CCR when lactose was used to induce the lac operon, but resulted in reduced lac gene expression in cells growing on galactose. Collectively, the results reveal a remarkably high degree of complexity in the regulation of lactose/galactose catabolism.
Processing and analysis of cardiac optical mapping data obtained with potentiometric dyes.

Optical mapping has become an increasingly important tool to study cardiac electrophysiology in the past 20 years. Multiple methods are used to process and analyze cardiac optical mapping data, and...
Predictors of educational outcome: factors impacting performance on a standardized clinical evaluation.

Background. To improve student skills specific to the evaluation of radiology studies during a required clerkship in surgery for 4th-year medical students, we initiated a self-study CD-ROM educational module midway through 2000–2001. We hypothesized that student performance would improve after implementation of this module and identified factors that predicted student performance. Materials and methods. Students (n = 98) chose one of two hospital sites for a clerkship that focuses on the care of acutely ill surgical patients. A standardized clinical final evaluation (Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation) contained two components: radiology (R score) and ICU clinical “flow sheet” interpretation (C score). We evaluated the effect of the CD-ROM educational module and other factors on student exam performance using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results. The site of the clerkship and use of the CD-ROM educational module were significant factors affecting the C score identified by ANOVA; P < 0.05. With the R scores from both sites combined, performance improved by 22% from a mean of 29.2 ± 1.1 to 35.7 ± 1.1 with use of the module. A stepwise multiple regression analysis testing the effect of site, time of year, educational module, and a prior radiology clerkship on the R score identified that the site and CD-ROM educational module modeled performance; R2 = 0.30, P < 0.01. The C score was affected by site (A: 72.5 ± 1.6 vs B: 67.3 ± 1.9, P < 0.05 by ANOVA). Regression analysis identified that time of year (later associated with increased score) and prior performance on the 3rd-year standardized exams (OSCE and NBME) modeled 4th-year C score; R2 = 0.20, P < 0.01. Conclusions. In a clerkship that already emphasized faculty-facilitated case-based learning, including evaluation of radiological studies, the addition of a self-study CD-ROM radiology module significantly improved test score. This study supports the efficacy of directed self-study to improve student skills.
Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage in keratoconus corneas.

PURPOSE To determine whether keratoconus (KC) corneas have more mitochondrial (mt)DNA damage than do normal corneas. METHODS Thirty-three normal corneas and 34 KC corneas were studied. Immunohistochemistry for mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) subunit 1 (CO-Iota) and porins was performed. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA genome amplified by either long-extension-polymerase chain reaction (LX-PCR) or short-extension-PCR (SX-PCR). LX-PCR mtDNA was digested with restriction enzymes to confirm full-length mtDNA amplicon. SX-PCR mtDNA was probed by Southern blot analysis. The T414G mutation was analyzed by peptide nucleic acid directed clamping PCR. Real-time PCR measured the ratio of mtDNA to nuclear (n)DNA. RESULTS KC corneas had decreased CO-Iota in areas of corneal thinning. LX-PCR mtDNA digested with restriction enzymes showed expected size bands except for PstI, which showed two additional bands in some KC corneas (2/18). By both LX-PCR (7.4 +/- 3.8 vs. 4.3 +/- 2.7, P < 0.04) and SX-PCR (5.5 +/- 0.55 vs. 2.4 +/- 2.0, P < 0.006), KC corneas had an increased number of smaller-sized bands (representing mtDNA deletions/mutations) compared with normal corneas. Southern blot analysis of SX-PCR products confirmed their mtDNA origin. The T414G mutation was not detected in either KC or normal corneas. KC corneas showed a trend of lower mtDNA-to-nDNA ratio (26%, P < 0.7) than did normal corneas. CONCLUSIONS KC corneas exhibit more mtDNA damage than do normal corneas. The previously reported increased oxidative stress and altered integrity of mtDNA may be related to each other and may be important in KC pathogenesis.
Measuring the Use of Examination Room Time in Oncology Clinics: A Novel Approach to Assessing Clinic Efficiency and Patient Flow

The authors results data can be used in the design of interventions that reduce patient wait times, increase efficient use of resources, and improve scheduling patterns.
Kinetics of coal drying‐decomposition

A series of seven coals of different ranks and from various locations were heated in an inert atmosphere under relatively mild conditions to measure the rates of gas evaporation. Samples crushed to various fractions in the particle size range −6+50 U.S. mesh were studied at temperatures in the range of 150 to 300°C. The results show that: (1) most water is released at 100°C, evidently an evaporation process, (2) CO2 is evolved at 150°C and above, and (3) CO is evolved at 250°C and above. An interpretive model was developed to fit the CO2 production rate and kinetic constants were obtained. Gas evolution rates are independent of particle size for the most porous coals, but vary among coals, depending on both chemical composition and physical structure. A 15% loss in heating value was incurred during drying and subsequent oxidation when the pretreatment temperature was increased from 150 to 225°C.
Racial Differences in the Relationship Between Infant Mortality and Socioeconomic Status

This study presents an ecological analysis of the relationship between infant mortality and economic status by race in metropolitan Ohio, using census data on mother's residence and economic status determined by the percentage of low-income families living in each area. The analysis updates previous studies as white-non-white comparisons for total infant mortality are examined for the US censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; and more detailed period- and broad cause-specific rates are presented for 2000. A pronounced inverse association is consistently found between income status and infant mortality for whites, while for non-whites this pattern first emerges in 1979-81, disappears during the 1980s and then returns more strongly during the 1990s. Similarly, the 2000 data reveal a consistent inverse pattern between income status and infant mortality for white and non-white neonatal and postneonatal death rates, as well as exogenous cause-specific death rates. It is concluded that low-income whites and non-whites have infant mortality rates substantially higher than the overall rate for the population. Policy implications are discussed.
Cooperation and Learning in a Duopoly Context

In the multiperiod models that we have thus far discussed, certain assumptions about the behavior of the two firms have been made, and optimal strategies have been developed for the firms. In the model discussed in chapter 5, an equilibrium position for the two firms was ultimately established. The particular equilibrium that will be attained can be deduced in advance from the fixed behavioral assumptions that were built into the model. A model is needed that enables the firms to change their behavioral assumptions and their strategies during the multiperiod process in order to change the equilibrium position.
Improved insecticidal efficacy of a recombinant baculovirus expressing mutated JH esterase from Manduca sexta

Abstract Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), a member of the carboxylesterase family (EC 3.1.1.1), metabolizes JH that is found in juvenile insects. A highly conserved amphipathic alpha helix is found on the surface of known JHEs. This helix is implicated in receptor-mediated binding and endocytosis of JHE by the pericardial cells resulting in the clearance of JHE activity from the hemolymph. In this study, Lys-204 and Arg-208 of the amphipathic alpha helix of the JHE of Manduca sexta (MsJHE) were mutated to histidine residues generating MsJHE-HH. Pharmacokinetic studies following the injection of MsJHE-HH into the hemocoel of larval M. sexta, Heliothis virescens, and Agrotis ipsilon indicated that MsJHE-HH and wild type MsJHE are cleared at similar rates. The infectivity (lethal concentration and lethal time) of a recombinant baculovirus, AcMsJHE-HH, expressing MsJHE-HH was not significantly different than that of a recombinant baculovirus, AcMsJHE, expressing MsJHE in first instars of H. virescens and A. ipsilon. However, the mass of AcMsJHE-HH-infected larvae was 40–50% lower than that of larvae infected with AcMsJHE, and 70–90% lower than that of wild type AcMNPV-infected larvae.
Improved adhesion of diamondlike coatings using shallow carbon implantation

A surface layer of metal carbides provides an excellent interface to achieve a highly adherent diamondlike carbon (DLC) coating. A plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)-based procedure is described, which delivers a high retained dose of implanted carbon at the surface of aluminum alloys. A shallow implantation profile, followed by argon sputter cleaning and continued until a saturated carbon matrix is brought to the surface, provides an excellent interface for subsequent growth of DLC. At a carbon retained dose above 10 18 atoms/cm 2 the DLC adhesion exceeds the coating's cohesion strength. Regardless of the silicon content in the aluminum, the coating produced by this method required tensile strengths typically exceeding 140 MPa to separate an epoxy-coated stud from the coating in a standard pull test. Improved DLC adhesion was also observed on chromium and titanium. The reported tensile strength is believed to substantially exceed performance of DLC coatings produced by any other method.
Long-term Exercise Using Weighted Vests Prevents Hip Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women

Background. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a primary risk factor for hip fracture. We studied the effect of long-term weighted vest plus jumping exercise on hip BMD in postmenopausal women as a strategy for reducing hip fracture risk. Methods. Eighteen postmenopausal women (age 5 64.1 6 1.6 years at baseline, 69.9 6 1.6 years at post-testing) who had participated in a 9-month exercise intervention volunteered for the long-term trial. Nine of the original group engaged in weighted vest plus jumping exercise three times per week for 32 weeks of the year over a period of 5 years. Nine of the original controls were active but not enrolled in the exercise program. BMD of the proximal femur was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 5 years. Results. At baseline, groups were similar for age, weight, height, years past menopause, and BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip. At follow-up, differences in BMD at all regions of the hip were higher in exercisers than controls. For exercisers, changes in BMD were 1 1.54% 6 2.37%, 2 0.24% 6 1.02%, and 2 0.82% 6 1.04% (means 1 SE ) at the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip, respectively; controls decreased at all sites ( 2 4.43% 6 0.93%, 2 3.43% 6 1.09%, and 2 3.80% 6 1.03%, respectively). Conclusions. A 5-year program of weighted vest plus jumping exercise maintains hip BMD by preventing significant bone loss in older postmenopausal women. Furthermore, this particular program appears to promote long-term adherence and compliance, as evidenced by the commitment of the exercisers for more than 5 years.
Sintering Behavior of an Isolated Pore: Monte Carlo Simulation

Microstructures play an important role in sintering. Hlowever, most existing sintering theories are macroscopic and do not consider the topological constraints in a microstructure. To fully take into account the microstructural effect, Anderson et al. [1] developed a Monte Carlo statistical mechanics model to study the grain growth behavior of a fully dense system. lHere we developed a generalized model which allows both densification and grain growth to occur. The densification occurs through the diffusion of matter and is incorporated in the Monte Carlo procedure. Thus we can monitor both the microstructural evolution and the densification at the same time during heat treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first statistical mechanics model constructed for sintering. As a quantitative example, the sintering behavior of an isolated pore of various sizes and shapes at different grain growth rates is studied.
The Romani porajmos: The nazi genocide of Europe's gypsies

The Nazi assault on Gypsies as an undesirable group was launched in the first months of the Third Reich. By the end of 1933, the outlines of a policy of total removal and, if possible, extinction were in place. Over the course of the first year of Hitler's rule, Gypsies had been numbered among those destined for mass sterilization. The goal of preventing their propagation had been pronounced on July 14 when the new cabinet issued a statement (with the force of law) proclaiming the concept of Lebensunwertesleben—life unworthy of living—a category of person that, at the time, specifically and indiscriminately included and embraced all Gypsies. Shortly thereafter, exploratory contacts were made with the League of Nations to assess the practicability of allocating one or two Polynesian islands to which the Gypsies could be deported. By September 1933, the Ministry of Interior announced a more realizable preliminary plan to arrest persons with no fixed and permanent addresses (i.e. primarily Gypsies) and to incarcerate them in special detention camps as a means of removing them from the mainstream of society. There the Gypsies would be rendered preemptively criminally harmless, (since they were described as a potential detriment to the general German population), and biologically “futureless” (zukunftloss) by way of mass sterilization. In retrospect, the central ingredients for a formula of genocide, for the complete extermination of the Gypsies, were all in place: an ideology which deprived them of the basic right to life; a process of law by edict, which subjected them to totalitarian rule; a hypothetical plan to deport them abroad, and a more concrete one to isolate them from the citizenry, by segregating them in prison-like compounds, deprived of all civil rights; and a technology of physical mutilation that would deny them progeny and a link with a biological future, by literally destroying the unconceived next generation. Thus, a skeletal blueprint for the genocide of Gypsies by the racial architects of the Nazi regime had been drawn up by the end of 1933 well before the first Gypsies in Germany were rounded up in January 1934.
ICA for Feature Extraction

Barlow (1961) proposed that the goal of sensory coding is to transform the input signals such that it reduces the redundancy between the inputs. Atick (1992) and Atick and Redlich (1993) have used correlation-based methods suggesting that the principle of redundancy reduction may be applied towards the understanding of coding principles in retinal cells in the visual cortex (Field, 1994). This strategy may be used for the purpose of efficient coding for natural images since they are not purely random but contain structure. Natural images have oriented lines, edges and other structures that have dependencies of higher-order statistics. These localized structures can be described mainly by the phase spectrum. For example, an edge occurs locally and has its phase spectrum aligned across different spatial frequencies. Correlation-based approaches are phase-blind, i.e. they can capture only the power spectrum and higher-order methods are needed to account for localized oriented structures. Olshausen and Field (1996) considered a network that maximizes the sparseness of the representation of natural images and showed that the extracted features are localized and oriented. Those features are similar to receptive fields in the primate striate cortex.
Observations of resistance through minimum inhibitory concentrations trends for respiratory specimens of commonly isolated organisms.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) trends among common bacterial organisms found in respiratory isolates in the trauma intensive care unit setting. Methods In this retrospective observational study, MIC data was reviewed over a three year period from January 2009 to December 2011 for the three most frequently identified organisms isolated from respiratory specimens in a trauma intensive care unit along with corresponding hospital data. Results The most frequently isolated bacterial species identified were Staphylococcus aureus (229 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (129 isolates), and Acinetobacter species (87 isolates) in the analysis within our institution from 2009–2011. There was considerable variability among the MIC trends for the analyzed organisms. For Pseudomonas isolates, observed sensitivities were as high as 100% for antibiotics ciprofloxacin and imipenem in 2009, but decreased over the next two years in 2010 and 2011. There was considerable variability among the MIC trends for Acinetobacter over the three year period for the antibiotics tested. The MIC data for most Staphylococcus aureus isolates over the three years were sensitive to vancomycin with little change in the observed MIC data. Conclusion The data reported is observational and indicates the need for future studies to establish a valid relationship of the MIC data over time in our institution particularly among our gram negative organisms, to monitor patterns of antimicrobial resistance.
Diversification, Systematic Risk, and Shareholder Return: A Capital Market Extension of Rumelt's 1974 Study

This study reexamined the performance outcome of diversification strategies by combining the advantages of security-market-based measures and Rumelt's classification scheme. The findings underscore...
Povest kao odluka i događaj kod Hajdegera

Th is paper explores Martin Heidegger’s critique of previous approaches tohistory, his diff erentiation of history as object of inquiry and temporal enactment, andhis attempt in the late 1930’s to engage the past and rethink history from an inherentlyfutural—and not merely subjectively or objectively grounded—decision and “enowningevent” (Ereignis). Works of history are neither simply factual nor socially constructedfor Heidegger but exhibit a hermeneutical or communicative event of disclosure—viaunderstanding, interpretation, and appropriation—and concealment in relation to thefacticity and possibilities of historical existence.
Shortening velocity and ATPase activity of rat skeletal muscle fibers: effects of endurance exercise training

Mechanical properties were measured in single skinned fibers from rat hindlimb muscle to test the hypothesis that the fast type IIb fiber exhibits a higher maximal shortening velocity (Vo) than the fast type IIa fiber and that the difference is directly attributable to a higher myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the type IIb fiber. Additional measurements were made to test the hypotheses that regular endurance exercise increases and decreases the Vo of the type I and IIa fiber, respectively, and that the altered Vo is associated with a corresponding change in the fiber ATPase activity. Rats were exercised by 8-12 wk of treadmill running for 2 h/day, 5 day/wk, up a 15% grade at a speed of 27 m/min. Fiber Vo was determined by the slack test, and the ATPase was measured fluorometrically in the same fiber. The myosin isozyme profile of each fiber was subsequently determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The mean +/- SE Vo (7.9 +/- 0.22 fiber lengths/s) of the type IIb fiber was significantly greater than the type IIa fiber (4.4 +/- 0.21 fiber lengths/s), and the higher Vo was associated with a higher ATPase activity (927 +/- 70 vs. 760 +/- 60 microM.min-1.mm-3). The exercise program induced cardiac hypertrophy and an approximately twofold increase in the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase. Exercise had no effect on fiber diameter or peak tension per cross-sectional area in any fiber type, but, importantly, it significantly increased (23%) both the Vo and the ATPase activity of the slow type I fiber of the soleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

AbstractClear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is a rare and aggressive tumor of female gender preponderance. This neoplasm, the origin of which is still widely debated, has been reported with CT and MRI in case reports and small series. To the previously published conventional cross-sectional ima
Associations between binge drinking frequency and tobacco use among young adults

Tobacco use is greater among young adults who binge drink; yet there is limited research on tobacco use characteristics among different types of binge drinkers based on frequency. We aimed to characterize this relationship among young adults (18-25years old) who used both substances in the past month (smoked ≥1 cigarette, and drank ≥1 alcoholic beverage) using an anonymous online survey. Participants (N=1405, 65.0% male) were grouped based on binge drinking frequency and compared for tobacco use characteristics and demographics using bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression. Binge drinking frequency groups were: non-binge drinkers who consumed alcohol (0days; 27.5%); occasional (1-3days; 37.9%); intermediate (4-8days; 21.9%); and frequent (9+days; 12.7%) binge drinkers. Comparing each binge drinking group to non-binge drinkers: Both occasional and frequent binge drinkers smoked more cigarettes per day (p=0.001; p=0.002); frequent binge drinkers reported greater temptations to smoke in positive affective/social situations (p=0.02); intermediate binge drinkers were less likely to have a tobacco abstinence goal (p=0.03) but more likely to have made a serious tobacco quit attempt; all of the binge groups were more likely to be social smokers (all p<0.01). Overall, we also found a high rate of smoking on binge drinking days. Individuals smoked cigarettes on 85.7%±32.9% of days they binge drank. Extent of binge drinking (not just prevalence) is an important factor influencing smoking characteristics in young adults.
Analysis of Urine Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in 102 Children with Hyperammoniemia

Objective To explore the application value of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis(GC-MS)in the diagnosis of hyperammoniemia.Methods The urine samples were collected form 102 children with hyperammoniemia before treatment and 30 healthy children as the control group.The 102 patients were hospitalized at Guangzhou children's hospital during Oct.2003 to Mar.2008.GC-MS was carried out in the urine samples.Analysis of the plasma amino acid was carried out in children with abnormal metabolic products detected in the urine.For further differential diagnosis,7 patients received the analysis of gene mutation.Results Special abnormal metabolic products were detected in the urine of 30 cases (29.4%) out of the 102 cases.Large quantity of orotic acid and uracil were found in 10 cases.Large quantity of galactitol,galactonic acid,galactose,4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid were found in 7 cases.Large quantity of methylmalonic acid,methylcitric acid were found in 4 cases.Large quantity of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid,propionylglycine,2-methyl-3-hydroxyisovaleric acid,methylcitric acid were found in 6 cases.Large quantity of 3-methylcrotonylglycine,methylcitric acid,3-hydroxyisovaleric acid,dicarboxylic acid were found in 3 cases.Combined with clinical symptoms and signs,the analysis of plasma amino acids and the analysis of gene mutation,10 patients were finally confirmed with urea cycle disorder,7 cases with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by Citrin deficiency,6 cases with propionic acidemia,4 cases with methylmalonic acidemia,and 3 cases with multiple carboxylase deficiency.No abnormal metabolic product was detected in the urine of the 30 healthy children.Conclusions The application of GC-MS plays an important role in the early diagnosis and early treatment of hyperammoniemia,and lowering the incidence and mortality of inherited metabolic disease such as hyperammoniemia.
Application of rotational graded wedge mechanism in flanging die for automotive shell plate

The stamping process for an automotive side shell plate was analyzed.A new rotational graded wedge mechanism was developed and compared with a bidirectional movement graded wedge mechanism.The application of the rotational graded wedge mechanism in a flanging die for the shell plate metal sheets greatly raises the production efficiency.
Emotion dysregulation and loss-of-control eating in children and adolescents.

Objective To examine the associations among self-reported loss-of-control (LOC) eating, emotion dysregulation, body mass, and objective energy intake among youth. Emotion dysregulation may be 1 individual factor that promotes excess energy intake and increases in body mass among youth with LOC eating. Method Children and adolescents (N = 230; 8 to 17 years) enrolled in a nonintervention study completed a structured interview to determine the presence or absence of self-reported LOC eating. Children's emotion dysregulation was assessed via parent-report with the Child Behavior Checklist. Youth also completed 2 test meals to capture "binge" and "normal" eating. Body composition was examined using air displacement plethysmography. Results After controlling for relevant covariates, youth with self-reported LOC eating had higher parent-reported emotion dysregulation than those without LOC. Parent-reported emotion dysregulation was also associated with greater observed energy intake (after accounting for body mass), as well as higher fat mass. Emotion dysregulation also moderated associations between LOC status/gender and body mass variables; among youth with self-reported LOC eating and girls, those with high parent-described emotion dysregulation (vs. low) had significantly higher fat mass and BMIz. Conclusions Data from the current study suggest that emotion dysregulation may play a role in energy intake and obesity, particularly among youth with self-reported LOC eating and girls. Additional studies are needed to identify the prospective mechanisms linking poor emotion regulation and LOC eating. These mechanisms, in turn, may inform future interventions targeting excess energy intake and obesity in pediatric samples. (PsycINFO Database Record
Towards automated identification of security zone classification in enterprise networks

Knowledge of the security zone classification of devices in an enterprise information technology (IT) infrastructure is essential in many enterprise IT transformation and optimization activities. We describe a systematic and semi-automated approach for discovering the security zone classification of devices in an enterprise network. For reduced interference with normal operation of the IT infrastructure, our approach is structured in stages, each consisting of two phases: one phase involves collecting information about actually allowed network flows, followed by an analysis phase. As part of our approach, we describe an elimination-based inference algorithm. We also present an alternative to the algorithm based on the Constraint Satisfaction Problem, and explore trade-offs between the two. Using a case study, we demonstrate the validity of our approach.
Daily rounds on inpatient oncology floor by inpatient hospitalist oncologist and reduced length of stay.

228 Background: Hospitalist services have expanded recently resulting in improved patient care and reduced length of stay compared with traditional inpatient services. Methods: We implemented an inpatient oncology hospitalist service with consistent daily rounding by the same team on all patients on the oncology floor in July 2012 and compared the impact on inpatient length of stay (LOS), inpatient mortality, cost saving, 30 day readmission rate and patient satisfaction scores before and after. Data was collected from hospital administration from patient medical and billing records. Results: The changes had an immediate effect on LOS which reduced from 7.30 days to 6.38 days over the next 6 months and further trended down to 6.20 over the next 11 months. Total number of discharges increased from 839 from Jan-Jun 2012 to 947 in Jan-Jun 2013. Decrease in LOS occurred in almost all groups including patients with and without cancer. However, the greatest reduction occurred in patients who were admitted with p...
Evaluation of personal inhalable aerosol samplers with different filters for use during anthrax responses

ABSTRACTRisk of inhalation exposure to viable Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores has primarily been assessed using short-term, stationary sampling methods which may not accurately characterize the concentration of inhalable-sized spores reaching a person's breathing zone. While a variety of aerosol sampling methods have been utilized during previous anthrax responses, no consensus has yet been established for personal air sampling. The goal of this study was to determine the best sampler-filter combination(s) for the collection and extraction of B. anthracis spores. The study was designed to (1) evaluate the performance of four filter types (one mixed cellulose ester, MCE (pore size = 3 µm), two polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE (1 and 3 µm), and one polycarbonate, PC (3 µm)); and (2) evaluate the best performing filters in two commercially available inhalable aerosol samplers (IOM and Button). Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki [Bt(k)], a simulant for B. anthracis, served as the aerosol challenge. The fil...
A Bioinorganic Approach to Fragment-Based Drug Discovery Targeting Metalloenzymes

ConspectusMetal-dependent enzymes (i.e., metalloenzymes) make up a large fraction of all enzymes and are critically important in a wide range of biological processes, including DNA modification, protein homeostasis, antibiotic resistance, and many others. Consequently, metalloenzymes represent a vast and largely untapped space for drug development. The discovery of effective therapeutics that target metalloenzymes lies squarely at the interface of bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry and requires expertise, methods, and strategies from both fields to mount an effective campaign. In this Account, our research program that brings together the principles and methods of bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry are described, in an effort to bridge the gap between these fields and address an important class of medicinal targets.Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is an important drug discovery approach that is particularly well suited for metalloenzyme inhibitor development. FBDD uses relatively small but diverse...
A new measurement of the 6Li(n,α)t cross section at MeV energies using a 252Cf fission chamber and 6Li scintillators

Abstract A new measurement is presented of the 6 Li(n, α )t cross section from 245 keV to 10 MeV using a 252Cf fission chamber with 6 LiI(Eu) and Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce (CLYC) scintillators which act as both target and detector. Neutron energies are determined from the time of flight (TOF) method using the signals from spontaneous fission and reaction product recoil. Simulations of neutron downscatter in the crystals and fission chamber bring 6 Li(n, α )t cross section values measured with the 6 LiI(Eu) into agreement with previous experiments and evaluations, except for two resonances at 4.2 and 6.5 MeV introduced by ENDF/B-VII.1. Suspected neutron transport modeling issues cause the cross section values obtained with CLYC to be discrepant above 2 MeV.
Social Service, the Civic Ethic, and Worker Well-Being, 1900–1945

The limited successes of housing and sanitation programs switched the reformers’ focus from systemic changes to individual behavior, a discursive shift that created spaces for elite interventions into workers’ lives. In early twentieth-century Bombay, the activism of voluntary social service groups among millworkers increased significantly. This chapter examines the worker well-being rhetoric of the Bombay Sanitary Association (BSA), the Social Service League (SSL), and the Bombay branch of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), the three most active formations among millworkers. Embodying a range of global, nationalist, and local perspectives, these groups constructed the unsanitary living and “uncontrolled” merrymaking of workers as injurious to workers’ own lives and as threats to the colonial urban order. Their desire to create a “decent” and sanitized working class was accompanied by an urgent desire to neutralize the growing influence of trade unions. With active support from millowners, voluntary groups occupied a welfarist presence, creating greater awareness about dismal living conditions and engaging workers in healthier, non-combative activities. This chapter analyzes caste, gender, and class biases inherent in the welfare discourses and practices of voluntary groups. Moreover, it draws attention to the role of voluntary action in shaping ideas and practices about worker well-being and in influencing colonial class politics.
Biorthogonal brushlet bases for directional image compression

We construct new biorthogonal bases that provide precise frequency localization and good spatial localization. We develop a compression algorithm that exploits the bases to obtain a representation of the image in terms of textured patterns with different orientations, frequencies, sizes, and positions. The technique directly works in the Fourier domain and has potential applications for highly textured images.
CLOZAPINE INDUCED MYOCARDITIS: A POTENTIALLY SILENT AND FATAL THREAT

A highly effective atypical antipsychotic, clozapine is used in treatment refractory schizophrenia. The cardiac complications of this drug are rare, potentially fatal and include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. A 23-year-old man presented to the hospital from a psychiatric facility
HYPOXIA IN THE DELIVERY ROOM: DO NOT FORGET THE HEART!

D-TGA remains a diagnostic challenge in absence of prenatal scans and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A 34-week-old female was born via C/S due to non-reassuring fetal heart tone to 24 y old with 1 course of completed prenatal steroids. Pregnancy complicated by maternal obesity,