cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial GaAsP/Si Tandem Solar Cells with Integrated Light Trapping

We investigate the effect of Si random pyramid texturing on 1.7eV/1.1eV GaAs0.77P0.23/Si 2-terminal tandem solar cells (hereafter GaAsP/Si). Due to the light trapping effect, rear surface texturing increases the short-circuit current density of the Si bottom cell by 2.76 mA/cm2 relative to an untextured cell. For the GaAsP top cell, we investigate the use of lattice-matched AlGaAsP as the back surface field (BSF) layer and also as an intermediate barrier between the n-GaAsP emitter and n-AlInP window. Despite parasitic absorption in the n-AlGaAsP barrier, our 1.0 cm2 GaAsP/Si tandem cell with backside textured Si bottom cell exhibits an NREL-certified AM1.5G efficiency of 18.7%. A reduction of device area from 1.0 cm2 to 0.13 cm2 results in an efficiency of 19.5% due to lower series resistance. Development of >20%-efficient tandem cells is ongoing.
Abstract 300: End-Tidal CO 2 -Guided Chest Compression Delivery Improves Survival in a Pediatric Model of Respiratory Failure and Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends the use of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) to evaluate the quality of chest compression delivery during CPR. In a pediatric model of asphyxial ca...
WIYN Open Cluster Study. XVII. Astrometry and Membership to V=21 in NGC 188

We present techniques for obtaining presision astrometry using old photographic plates from assorted large-aperture reflectors in combination with recent CCD Mosaic Imager frames. At the core of this approach is a transformation of plate/CCD coordinates into a previously constructed astrometric reference frame around the open cluster NGC 188. Our primary result is a new catalog of proper motions and positions for 7812 objects down to V=21 in the 0.75 square degree area around NGC 188. The precision for well-measured stars is 0.15 mas/yr for proper motions and 2 mas for positions on the system of the Tycho-2 catalog. The sum of membership probabilities indicates that NGC 188 contains 1050 stars down to V=21. Comprehensive lists of the candidate blue stragglers and red giants substantially enlarge the number of such stars known in NGC 188. We have also obtained a small correction to the proper motions from the mean `motion' of background galaxies. (Abridged)
Coaching the Coach: Helping Coaches Improve Their Performance

Sport coaches work in a distinctive and multifaceted environment (Hall, Gray, & Sproule. Journal of Sports Sciences 34(10):896–905, 2016) influenced by multiple stakeholders on and off the field of play. To find success in these settings coaches must be able to adjust and adapt, often within a short amount of time. Thus, coaches are challenged to grow professionally to remain relevant, knowledgeable, and effective in leading their teams. This ongoing professional development is a difficult endeavor to accomplish without the assistance of a more knowledgeable professional (e.g., coach consultant or coach developer; Lauer, Driska, & Cowburn. Sport psychology professionals as trusted advisors in high performance environments. In Davis (Ed.), The psychology of effective coaching and management (pp. 385–407). New York: Nova, 2016) to facilitate and overcome potential roadblocks in coach development. The purpose of this chapter is to offer insight for those working with a coach to help improve coach performance. Well-established coach development activities such as mentorship, communities of practice (CoP), and learner centered teaching will be discussed in relation to the role of a coach consultant. The role biases play in a coach’s ability to self-assess coaching performance along with information from the field of education on maximizing retrieval, assessment of learning, and reflective practice techniques will be shared. Practical suggestions for the coach consultant to assist the coach in reflection of current practice, identification of professional development activities, and evaluation of areas for improvement will be provided.
A Linear Regression Model for the Prediction of Rice Sheath Blight Field Resistance

Rice sheath blight (SB) disease is a global issue that causes great yield losses each year. To explore whether SB field resistance can be predicted, 273 rice genotypes were inoculated and evaluated...
Applying HRV Based Online Clustering Method to Identify Driver Drowsiness

Traffic accidents related to driver drowsiness are a major safety issue. Many research studies propose new methods to reduce the number of drowsiness-related injuries and fatalities. The ultimate goal for a drowsiness detection system is to detect the drowsiness on time and minimize the system or environment errors to avoid false readings, such as studying physiological signal processing patterns. Electrocardiogram (ECG) research studies the change of the heart rate variation signal related to human psychological behavior. In these studies, measuring heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in the frequency domain formed from the periodic ECG is proven to correlate with drowsiness levels. In this paper, we apply unsupervised machine learning (clustering) to study the behavior of HRV during drowsiness. With this method, we can measure different levels of drowsiness based on the changes in the density and shape of the HRV clusters. Moreover, in this method, the pre-measured labeled data is not required to establish the algorithm. Therefore, for any unknown object or person, this algorithm evaluates drowsiness, and no prior data is required.
The Maldistribution of Pediatric Providers as a Potential Driver of Reduced Educational Outcomes

Abstract Objective Despite evidence of a strong bidirectional connection between educational achievement and health, few studies have examined the link between these intertwining forces on a national level. This study takes advantage of a new population-level dataset to explicitly link child health access to academic outcomes in nearly every U.S. school district. Methods National data were used to construct and link district-level measures of child health access to district-level measures of third-grade achievement. Specifically, location data for over 256,000 practicing pediatricians and family physicians were linked to achievement data from 12,296 school districts. We include district-level rates of uninsured children as an additional measure of child health access. Results First, physician supply is unequally distributed across districts and their student populations. Second, districts that had higher physician supply tended to have higher test scores. This relationship is most pronounced for districts with relatively few pediatricians and family physicians. While the rate of uninsured children is largely correlated with community socioeconomic status, physician supply appears to operate independently of this measure. Conclusion Early childhood health and wellbeing are linked to cognitive performance and achievement in school. We provide evidence to illustrate an aspect of this relationship: children with less access to healthcare providers also do less well in school. The specific patterning of this finding suggests a need to reconsider how availability and access to pediatricians and family physicians is currently configured. Future research should examine whether a redistribution of the existing physician workforce could result in a net academic benefit for students.
Imaging Infection Across Scales of Size: From Whole Animals to Single Molecules

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and the threat of infectious diseases to human health is steadily increasing as new diseases emerge, existing diseases ree...
- RhK: Rhodopsin kinase (vertebrates)

The chapter focuses on the protein Rhodopsin kinase (RhK) that catalyzes phosphorylation of photolyzed rhodopsin (Rho*), presumably the metarhodopsin II conformer, at multiple serine and threonine residues located exclusively in the C-terminal region. In addition to phosphorylating rhodopsin, RhK phosphorylates in vitro the red pigment, iodopsin. The substrate specificity of RhK appears therefore, not to be dictated by amino acid sequence but by the conformation of photolyzed rhodopsin. RhK preferentially phosphorylates serine and threonine residues located in an acidic environment. RhK is assayed as a light-dependent transfer of radioactivity from [g32P]ATP to urea-washed, rod outer segment membranes. The localization of RhK mRNA is highly specific to the retina. It is also present in lower amounts in the pineal gland, consistent with other biochemical similarities between the mammalian pineal gland and retina. This mRNA specificity suggests that rhodopsin is the primary in vivo substrate of the kinase. Immunocytochemistry has shown that RhK is present in both rods and cones.
2.1. Introduction

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an introduction to experimental methods of positron annihilation for the study of defects in metals. The use of the annihilation radiation from positron–electron pairs to study the nature of defects in metals has taken a definite place in the armamentarium of experimental techniques used by materials and solid-state scientists. The chapter introduces scientists to the materials and the required instrumentation for the types of positron experiments that are possible, outlines several special experimental topics of interest to specialists in the field, and serves as a guide to new workers as well. The chapter discusses each of the three major positron methods: Doppler broadening, angular correlation, and lifetime experiments. It also describes the stabilization methods used in Doppler broadening and lifetime experiments.
The association of resilience, perceived stress and predictors of depressive symptoms in sexual and gender minority youths and adults

Research in the sexual and gender minority population (SGM) tends to focus on describing risk factors for negative health outcomes and identification of stressors, which tend to be higher in this population compared to the non-SGM (i.e., mainstream heterosexual) population. This study examines the intersection between perceived stress and resilience associated with self-reported depressive symptoms using standardised instruments, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), among SGM adults (n = 3017) and youths (n = 232). A higher proportion of SGM individuals are stressed and report depressive symptoms compared to non-SGM individuals, whereas the mean resilience scores were similar to the general population. For SGM adults, but not youths, we found an association between lower resilience scores and higher perceived stress scores. SGM adults who had a ‘higher’ depressive symptom score (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) were more likely to have a lower resilience score, a higher stress score, be unemployed or disabled, and...
Estimation of Forcing Function for a Geometrically Mistuned Bladed Rotor via Modified Modal Domain Analysis

Modified Modal Domain Analysis (MMDA) is a method to generate an accurate reduced order model (ROM) of a bladed disk with geometric mistuning. An algorithm based on MMDA ROM and a state observer is developed to estimate forcing functions for synchronous (including integer multiples) conditions from the dynamic responses obtained at few nodal locations of blades. The method is tested on a simple spring-mass model, finite element model (FEM) of a geometrically mistuned academic rotor and FEM of a bladed rotor of an industrial scale transonic research compressor. The accuracy of the forcing function estimation algorithm is examined by varying the order of reduced-order model and the number of vibration output signals.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN THE TREATMENT OF OIL OF WINTERGREEN (METHYL SALICYLATE) POISONING

A case of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) poisoning treated by exchange transfusion is reported. This procedure resulted in the rapid removal of a relatively large amount of salicylate and in prompt clinical improvement. The favorable results presented in this report suggest that the use of exchange transfusion deserves further evaluation in this and in other selected types of poisoning in infants and small children.
A Review of: “Democracy and America's War on Terror”

Robert Ivie is well known to readers of this journal for his work on the rhetoric of war. Nurtured in the context of the discourse of the Cold War and its downward spiral into the pointless maelstr...
On Optimal Node Splitting for R-trees

The problem of finding an optimal bipartition of a rectangle set has a direct impact on query performance of dynamic R-trees. During update operations, overflowed nodes need to be split (bipartitioned) with the goal of minimizing resultant expected query time. The previous algorithm for optimal node splitting requires exponential time. One contribution of this paper is a polynomial time algorithm for finding optimal bipartitions for any objective function whose value depends exclusively on the bounding hyper-rectangles of the ensuing partitions. The algorithm runs in O(nd) time where d > 1 is the number of dimensions of the input. Experimental studies indicate that the use of optimal splits alone results in improvements of query performance of only between 5% and 15% when compared to other heuristics. Thus, a second contribution is to demonstrate the near optimality of previous split heuristics, a fact that suggests that research should focus on global rather than local optimization issues. Finally, we propose a new dynamic R-tree insertion method that uses a more global restructuring heuristic when processing node overflows. When coupled with This work has been partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant IRI-9610240 and by the Colorado Advanced Software Institute under grants m-96-05 and ‘IT-9706. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowment. To copy othemise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the 24th VLDB Conference New York, USA, 1998 optimal splits our method results in improvements of up to 120% over the leading stan-
A Computer Vision System for Lateral Localization

For urban driving, knowledge of ego-vehicle's position is a critical piece of information that enables advanced driver-assistance systems or self-driving cars to execute safety-related, autonomous driving maneuvers. This is because, without knowing the current location, it is very hard to autonomously execute any driving maneuvers for the future. The existing solutions for localization rely on a combination of a Global Navigation Satellite System, an inertial measurement unit, and a digital map. However, in urban driving environments, due to poor satellite geometry and disruption of radio signal reception, their longitudinal and lateral errors are too significant to be used for an autonomous system. To enhance the existing system's localization capability, this work presents an effort to develop a vision-based lateral localization algorithm. The algorithm aims at reliably counting, with or without observations of lane-markings, the number of road-lanes and identifying the index of the road-lane on the roadway upon which our vehicle happens to be driving. Tests of the proposed algorithms against intercity and interstate highway videos showed promising results in terms of counting the number of road-lanes and the indices of the current road-lanes.
Circuit-compatible modeling of carbon nanotube FETs in the ballistic limit of performance

Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNFETs) are being extensively studied as possible successors to CMOS. Novel device structures have been fabricated and device simulators have been developed to estimate their performance in a sub-10 nm transistor era. This paper presents a novel circuit-compatible modeling of CNFETs in their ultimate performance limit. The model so developed has been used to simulate arithmetic and logic blocks using HSPICE.
GENE TRANSFER FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEOVASCULAR OCULAR DISEASE (AN AMERICAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THESIS)

Purpose As vasoproliferative diseases account for a substantial fraction of worldwide blindness and share the activation of the angiogenic pathway as a common etiology, the expression of antiangiogenic proteins offers a promising means of treatment. This study was designed to develop viral vectors, harboring angiostatic genes, for the study and treatment of experimental proliferative ocular disease. A variety of methods (in vitro, ex vivo tissue, and in vivo) were employed to model the process of proliferation and test the effectiveness of these reagents.
Regional differences in LV collagen accumulation and mature cross-linking after myocardial infarction in rats

To determine the extent of and any regional differences in remodeling response of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to myocardial infarction (MI), moderate-to-large transmural infarcts were surgically produced in left ventricular (LV) free wall of rats. Animals were killed 13 wk after surgery. In comparison to age-matched controls, infarction was associated with an overall increase in heart weight, which included hypertrophy of both the right ventricle and LV. Although the remaining viable myocardium in LV free wall was significantly reduced, the interventricular septum was hypertrophied some 30% compared with control tissues (247 +/- 9 vs. 189 +/- 8 mg). Collagen concentration more than doubled in remaining viable free wall (8.92 +/- 0.59 vs. 3.95 +/- 0.25 mg/100 mg, P < 0.0001), and a smaller but still highly significant 27% increase occurred (P < 0.01) in the more remote septum. Degree of covalent cross-linking of collagen fibrils as assessed by hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) concentration also revealed regional differences in response of the ECM to infarction. Although HP concentration was increased 60% in viable free wall (P < 0.05) post-MI, it was unchanged in the septum. With respect to collagen characteristics of the transmural infarct per se, the scar exhibited still further increases in both collagen and HP concentrations compared with the already elevated values for these two parameters in viable free wall. The results indicate that any evaluation of the remodeling response of viable myocardium post-MI must include not only the myocyte but also the ECM, the principal component of which is collagen.
El contrato social: El manga o Rousseau en el espejo del canon

A number of specialised bibliographies of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s works show that his Social Contract has been translated multiple times into both Japanese and Spanish. One of its most recent translations is a manga adaptation, published first in Japanese in 2011, and then translated into Spanish in 2013. This adaptation of the Social Contract is here considered part of a long history of translations, rewritings and appropriations. After briefly retracing the history in the Japanese and Spanish cultural contexts, the article considers this intersemiotic version of Rousseau’s classic work as a refraction of an ‘original’ and ‘canonical’ Rousseau. It is argued that this manga can be read as a complex narrative which synthesises, translates and rewrites Rousseau’s work both visually and textually, rather than as a merely educational text or an apparently unfaithful translation.
Fluid budgets of subduction zone forearcs: The contribution of splay faults

[1] Geochemical and geophysical evidence indicate that splay faults cutting subduction zone forearcs are a key hydraulic connection between the plate boundary at depth and the seafloor. Existing modeling studies have generally not included these structures, and therefore a quantitative understanding of their role in overall fluid budgets, the distribution of fluid egress at the seafloor, and advection of heat and solutes has been lacking. Here, we use a two-dimensional numerical model to address these questions at non-accretionary subduction zones, using the well-studied Costa Rican margin as an example. We find that for a range of splay fault permeabilities from 10−16 m2 to 10−13 m2, they capture between 6 and 35% of the total dewatering flux. Simulated flow rates of 0.1–17 cm/yr are highly consistent with those reported at seafloor seeps and along the decollement near the trench. Our results provide a quantitative link between permeability architecture, fluid budgets, and flow rates, and illustrate that these features play a fundamental role in forearc dewatering, and in efficiently channeling heat and solutes from depth.
The human inactivated X chromosome folds in early metaphase, prometaphase, and prophase

The inactivated X chromosome has a site of unusually frequent folding in region Xq1, whereas a fold in Xq1 is uncommon on the active X. We investigated the pattern of X chromosome folding in high-resolution GTG- and RBG-stained preparations from four women. In early metaphase cells, slightly more than 50% of late-replicating Xs folded at Xq1→Xq21, compared with about 6% of early replicating Xs. The late-replicating X folded in about 80% of prometaphase cells; the early, in only about 14% of these cells. And the latereplicating X folded in 19 of 20 prophase cells. Occasionally, one X had an omega-shaped loop or apparent physical connection between Xq13 and Xq21.1. It is possible that a segment of Xq1 never completely uncoils and may help to provide continuity for the Barr body from one interphase to the next.
Patterns of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease

The most difficult problem in the management of Crohn's disease is that the condition is permanent and incurable. Even though most patients ultimately have resection surgery and are thereby greatly improved, in most cases the disease recurs within several years after the operation. This phenomenon of postoperative recurrence has been recognized for decades, yet there has been little agreement concerning such important issues as the frequency, rate, and risk factors of recurrent disease. The reasons for disagreement are primarily methodologic and fall into three major categories: 1) different definitions of recurrence; 2) different operative procedures; and 3) different statistical methods. Two factors in particular seem to exert the strongest influence on the rates of postoperative recurrence. One is the surgical procedure itself, with recurrences appearing faster and more frequently after anastomoses than after ileostomies. The second and perhaps more important factor is the behavior of the underlying disease. Data suggest that an aggressive fistulizing form of Crohn's disease brings patients to surgery sooner and is followed by a faster rate of postoperative recurrence and reoperation; the disease also tends to recur with fistulous complications similar to the original ones. By contrast, a more indolent obstructing form of Crohn's disease brings patients to surgery later and is followed by a slower rate of recurrence and reoperation; this form of disease tends to recur with obstructive complications. The recognition of these two different clinical forms of Crohn's disease may have important prognostic and even pathophysiologic implications.
System requirements for planetary rovers

Mission designs to Mars as well as return missions to the Moon usually include initial unmanned exploration to obtain geological and environmental data necessary for future manned programs. An important component of these unmanned exploration missions is the autonomous or remotely operated planetary rover -- a wheeled and/or legged vehicle containing several data collection and processing units. Further manned missions will also include such vehicles to assist humans with exploration and in supporting life science functions. The planetary rover must satisfy several mission requirements including surveying the terrain, preparing the landing sites, loading and unloading components for base operations, and aiding in recovery of in-situ materials. As such, the design of such rovers require the synergy of several vehicle functions which must operate in a coordinated fashion. This paper presents some of the design issues and vehicle requirements, particularly those requiring sensor information, that need be addressed for this important planetary surface system. Further based on some of the designs presently being investigated, the issues of system sensor fusion and standardization of interfaces are discussed.
GOAL CLARIFICATION THROUGH AIM UNDERSTANDING OF WORK VALUES

Understanding the value structure of a student or client is most important as an aid in clarifying goals and in determining the appropriateness of a given type of training or employment. In an effort to further explore the relationship between work values and goal clarification, especially of the one‐ or two‐year postsecondary‐oriented student, a research study consisting of a survey of both vocational interests and work values was conducted on a sample of junior and senior high students from selected K‐12 school districts located in the Mid‐Plains Nebraska Technical Community College area. Total students sampled were 929. Two instruments were administered to each of the students: the Ohio Vocational Interest Survey and the Minnesota Work Values Inventory. The results of the study revealed that students oriented toward the one‐ or two‐year post‐secondary institution very clearly have identifiable vocational interests and work values. The results of this study showed a definite relationship between student...
Inspection strategies for multistage production systems with time-varying quality

An economic, cost of quality model is formulated for a production system with multiple inspection locations and sampling. The model is applied to a thermal printer for digital photographs to determine when inspection of incoming material is appropriate. A simple dynamic model of quality is used, allowing for common-cause defects and the evaluation of sampling plans. The opportunity to correct quality problems more quickly when they are detected earlier is also considered. The cost structure used allows the costs of quality improvement, and not just that of defective units, to be considered.
Desde el Ser a Lo Dado y Desde Lo Dado al Ser: Algunos Comentarios Sobre el Significado del Trascendentalismo Ideal en Kant y Husserl

This paper takes a fresh look at a classical theme in philosophical scholarship, the meaning of transcendental idealism, by contrasting Kant's and Husserl's versions thereof. I present Kant's transcendental idealism as a theory distinguishing between the world as in-itself and as given to the experiencing human being. This reconstruction provides the backdrop for Husserl's transcendental phenomenology as a brand of transcendental idealism expanding on Kant: Through the phenomenological reduction Husserl universalizes Kant's transcendental philosophy to an eidetic science of subjectivity. He thereby furnishes a new sense of transcendental philosophy, rephrases the 'quid iuris?,' and provides a new conception of the thing-in-itself. What needs to be clarified is not exclusively the possibility of a priori cognition, but instead, starting much lower, the validity of objects that give themselves in experience. The thing-in-itself is not an unknowable object, but the idea of the object in all possible appearances experienced at once. In all these innovations Husserl remains committed to the basic sense of Kant’s Copernican Turn. I end with some comments on how both Kant and Husserl view the relation between theoretical and moral philosophy
Nuclear Saturation as a Relativistic Effect

Calculations made with use of a new relativistic theory of nuclear matter which allows for negative-energy components in the nucleon wave function introduce a major modification in the saturation curve for nuclear matter. For example, a boson-exchange potential which saturates at over twice the empirical density and yields a binding energy of about 23 MeV particle is brought into general agreement with the empirical data when relativistic effects are included. This analysis indicates that nuclear matter should be treated as a relativistic system.
The Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS): Attachment Classification at 18 Months Corrected Age in Infants Exposed to Cocaine/Opiates

The Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS): Attachment Classification at 18 Months Corrected Age in Infants Exposed to Cocaine/Opiates
On the nature of SS433

THE report of large wavelength variations associated with SS4331 illustrates the large amount of information to be gleaned from preliminary data when effects large enough to involve the theory of relativity are present. It seems most plausible to interpret the large periodic wavelength variations in the Balmer lines of this object as arising from periodic motion, requiring, as a result of its magnitude, the special relativistic Doppler formula for its interpretation. Here we comment on some recent observations that have made it possible to make quantitative estimates of some aspects of the model.
Inferences on the means of lognormal distributions using generalized p-values and generalized confidence intervals

Abstract The lognormal distribution is widely used to describe the distribution of positive random variables; in particular, it is used to model data relevant to occupational hygiene and to model biological data. A problem of interest in this context is statistical inference concerning the mean of the lognormal distribution. For obtaining confidence intervals and tests for a single lognormal mean, the available small sample procedures are based on a certain conditional distribution, and are computationally very involved. Occupational hygienists have in fact pointed out the difficulties in applying these procedures. In this article, we have first developed exact confidence intervals and tests for a single lognormal mean using the ideas of generalized p-values and generalized confidence intervals. The resulting procedures are easy to compute and are applicable to small samples. We have also developed similar procedures for obtaining confidence intervals and tests for the ratio (or the difference) of two lognormal means. Our work appears to be the first attempt to obtain small sample inference for the latter problem. We have also compared our test to a large sample test. The conclusion is that the large sample test is too conservative or too liberal, even for large samples, whereas the test based on the generalized p-value controls type I error quite satisfactorily. The large sample test can also be biased, i.e., its power can fall below type I error probability. Examples are given in order to illustrate our results. In particular, using an example, it is pointed out that simply comparing the means of the logged data in two samples can produce a different conclusion, as opposed to comparing the means of the original data.
PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF XENOGRAFTS DESPITE SENSITIZATION

We have reported cell-mediated immunity to corneal protein antigens after corneal homotransplantation in man and after xenografts in animals. Patients were followed weekly with the Leucocyte Migration inhibition (LMI) Test. Similar results were obtained in animals by direct and indirect MIF production. When rabbit embryonic cartilage is placed around a guinea pig corneal transplant into a rabbit's eye, sensitization occurs as shown previously. The xenograft is rejected in the second week if no cartilage is added, or if it is surrounded by silicon strips. It is rejected in the third week when rabbit adult cartilage is used and not rejected for 4-7 weeks with embryonic cartilage implantation. Embryonic cartilage produces factors that inhibit neovascularization. The experiments suggest that senaitization occurs in each instance but that expression of the efferent arc of the immune response is delayed by the inhibition of graft vascularization by the embryonic cartilage.
Analysis and evaluation of permeability techniques for characterizing fine particles Part II. Measurement of specific surface area

Abstract The performance of both steady-state and transient permeameters has been evaluated. A number of standard powders was chosen and their surface areas determined by gas adsorption techniques for comparison with surface areas obtained using permeameters. The powders were chosen to cover a wide range o density (0.92 – 18.7 g/cm 3 ) and surface area (0.06 – 350 m 2 /g). The effect of particle shape, i.e. needles, spherical particles, flakes and irregularly shaped particles on surface area determined by permeametry has also been studied. A linear relationship between BET surface area and that obtained by using a simple U-tube transient flow permeameter has been obtained over a wide range of particle size and macroporosity. The Fisher Subsieve Sizer was chosen as a typical example of a steady-state permeameter, and a number of shortcomings in this instrument have been found. A simple steady-state permeameter was constructed to evaluate the theoretical model as developed in Part I for atmospheric pressure permeametry, and the model has been found to give good values of external surface areas for powders having an average particle size greater than 2 μm. The effect of slip flow for particles less than 1 μm in diameter has been established for atmospheric pressure permeametry. This paper also presents measurements of specific surface area determined by using a more recent permeameter, namely the Permaran. This instrument performed within a reproducibility of ±7% and produced data in agreement with that taken on similar devices and also with the theoretical analysis presented in Part I. The performance of a Knudsen-flow permeameter has been evaluated, and the instrument has been found to give accurate values of external surface area of fine as well as coarse powders.
Structure and polymorphism of ribosomal RNA genes in the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei

We have examined the structure and polymorphism of the genes that encode ribosomal RNA in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. We have found that the rRNA genes are polymorphic within and between individual shrimp and between selectively bred families. The polymorphism suggests the presence of repeated DNA sequence elements in the intergenic spacer region upstream from the promoter for transcription of the rRNA genes. In other organisms, such repeated elements have been shown to serve as alternative promoters or enhancers for transcription. If the same is true in P. vannamei, the observed polymorphism might be linked to traits important for shrimp aquaculture.
Differences in Electronic Medical Record Implementation and Use According to Geographical Location and Organizational Characteristics of US Federally Qualified Health Centers

Electronic medical records EMRs are at the forefront of the national healthcare agenda and this paper examines EMR implementation and usage based on data from the 2009 Commonwealth Fund National Survey of Federally Qualified Health Centers FQHC. Chi-square analysis was used to examine differences in EMR implementation and usage. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the adjusted associations between EMR implementation and usage. A significant finding of this study was that simple EMRs were implemented in more than half of FQHCs in the Northeast, Southern, and Western regions of the United States and EMRs in more than half of the FQHCs in the Southern and Western regions are not even utilized. These findings indicate simple EMR usage and full EMR implementation need improvement to meet the requirements of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act by 2014, or face reduction in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements.
A note on the generation of surface waves by inviscid shear flows

Abstract The propagation of finite-amplitude wave disturbances in a parallel shear flow over a flexible plane boundary is studied. It is assumed that the nonlinear effects dominate over the viscous effects in the shear-flow critical layer, so that no jump of the Reynolds stress exists across the critical layer and the wave-generation mechanism of Miles cannot be operative. It is demonstrated that waves of certain wavelengths can amplify, if direct-resonance conditions are met. Explicit results are presented for a boundary layer modelling the flow of air over water and an interpretation of the wave-growth mechanism is given.
The effect of electric field intensity on the microwave sintering of zirconia

Abstract One variable in the conventional sintering of a dielectric material such as zirconia is the thermal intensity of phonons incident on the zirconia particles. When sintering is accomplished through the impression of a microwave field on zirconia particles, the rate that sintering occurs is a partial function of the electric field intensity. How the electric field intensity “E” varies over the surface of the zirconia particles will be discussed in this communication.
Reducing patient radiation exposure during paediatric SVT ablations: use of CARTO® 3 in concert with "ALARA" principles profoundly lowers total dose

Background: “ALARA – As Low As Reasonably Achievable” protocols reduce patient radiation dose. Addition of electroanatomical mapping may further reduce dose. Methods: From 6/11 to 4/12, a novel ALARA protocol was utilised for all patients undergoing supraventricular tachycardia ablation, including low frame rates (2–3 frames/second), low fluoro dose/frame (6–18 nGy/frame), and other techniques to reduce fluoroscopy (ALARA). From 6/12 to 3/13, use of CARTO® 3 (C3) with “fast anatomical mapping” (ALARA+C3) was added to the ALARA protocol. Intravascular echo was not utilised. Demographics, procedural, and radiation data were analysed and compared between the two protocols. Results: A total of 75 patients were included: 42 ALARA patients, and 33 ALARA+C3 patients. Patient demographics were similar between the two groups. The acute success rate in ALARA was 95%, and 100% in ALARA+C3; no catheterisation-related complications were observed. Procedural time was 125.7 minutes in the ALARA group versus 131.4 in ALARA+C3 (p=0.36). Radiation doses were significantly lower in the ALARA+C3 group with a mean air Kerma in ALARA+C3 of 13.1±28.3 mGy (SD) compared with 93.8±112 mGy in ALARA (p<0.001). Mean dose area product was 92.2±179 uGym2 in ALARA+C3 compared with 584±687 uGym2 in ALARA (p<0.001). Of the 33 subjects (42%) in the ALARA+C3 group, 14 received ⩽1 mGy exposure. The ALARA+C3 dosages are the lowest reported for a combined electroanatomical–fluoroscopy technique. Conclusions: Addition of CARTO® 3 to ALARA protocols markedly reduced radiation exposure to young people undergoing supraventricular tachycardia ablation while allowing for equivalent procedural efficacy and safety.
Energy-filtered convergent-beam electron diffraction in STEM

Abstract Energy-filtered convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns were obtained from a 10A˚region of the specimen in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with a digital image-acquisition system. For crystalline silicon, plasmon scattering causes a blurring of the low-order Bragg beams. Significant plasmon intensity was also observed at high angles with an angular distribution duplicating the zero-loss scattering. The plasmon-loss pattern contained a high-order Laue-zone (HOLZ) ring and Kikuchi bands from elastic, phonon, and plasmon multiple scattering. The HOLZ ring intensity relative to the diffuse background was not significantly different from the zero-loss pattern. Quantitative agreement between experimental silicon (100) CBED patterns and patterns calculated by the frozen-phonon technique was achieved. The silicon room-temperature vibration amplitude was determined to be 0.078±0.002A˚as compared with the value of 0.0764±0.0002A˚reported for X-ray measurement [P.J.E. Aldred and M. Hart, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 332 (1973) 223, 239].
Glucose ingestion mediates a rapid increase in the insulin responsiveness of rat adipocytes.

Glucose ingestion produces an increase in the binding affinity of the insulin receptor of rat liver and adipocytes within two and three hours, respectively. This rapid change in binding affinity was accompanied by an increase in the insulin responsiveness of the adipocytes. These findings document the ability of insulin target tissues to quickly modulate their responsiveness to insulin shortly after glucose ingestion
Variation in northern bobwhite demography along two temporal scales

Quantification and understanding of demographic variation across intra- and inter-annual temporal scales can benefit from the development of theoretical models of evolution and applied conservation of species. We used long-term survey data for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected at the northern and southern extent of its geographic range to develop matrix population models which would allow investigation of intra- and inter-annual patterns in bobwhite population dynamics. We first evaluated intra-annual patterns in the importance of a seasonal demographic rate to asymptotic population growth rate with prospective perturbation analysis (elasticity analysis). We then conducted retrospective analysis (life table response experiments) of inter-annual patterns in the contribution of observed changes in demography to the observed change in population growth rate. Survival in the earliest age class during the nonbreeding season had the greatest potential influence in both the northern and southern populations. Examination of inter-annual variation in demography indicated that variation in nonbreeding season survival in the earliest age class contributed the most to observed changes in population growth rate in the northern population. In contrast, changes in fertility in the earliest age class in the southern population had the greatest influence on changes in population growth rate. Prospective elasticity analyses highlight the similarities in bobwhite demography throughout different parts of its geographic range, while retrospective life table response experiments revealed important patterns in the temporal differences of bobwhite life history at the northern and southern extent of its geographic range.
Multivariate analysis of factors predicting local relapse after radical prostatectomy—possible indications for postoperative radiotherapy

Abstract Between 1970 and 1983, 273 patients underwent radical surgery (radical prostatectomy—261, radical cystoprostatectomy—12) for newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the prostate at Duke University Medical Center and received no adjuvant radiotherapy. A total of 46 patients developed local recurrence. Forty developed local relapse only and six developed simultaneous local and distant failure. The crude local relapse rate was 17 (46273). The actuarial local failure rate at 5, 10, and 15 years was 12%, 32%, and 35%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of local relapse after radical surgery. Possible prognostic factors analyzed were: age, type of biopsy, use of adjuvant hormonal therapy, histologic grade, histologic involvement of seminal vesicles, positive surgical margins, clinical stage, and elevated acid phosphatase. Factors identified as significant predictors of local relapse by univariate analysis were: poorly differentiated histology ( p = 0.0001), seminal vesicle involvement ( p = 0.0009), and positive surgical margins ( p = 0.0001). An elevated preoperative acid phosphatase was of borderline significance ( p = 0.06). On multivariate analysis, poorly differentiated histology ( p = 0.0007), positive margins ( p = 0.0015), and elevated acid phosphatase ( p = 0.0273) were significant predictors of local failure. Seminal vesicle involvement was no longer a significant predictor of local failure. However, on subsequent univariate and multivariate analyses, seminal vesicle involvement was the only significant predictor for the development of distant metastases ( p = 0.0019, multivariate). Thus, patients with poorly differentiated tumors, positive surgical margins, or elevated preoperative acid phosphatase are at high risk for local relapse after radical prostatectomy. These patients should be included in future clinical trials studying the role of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy, or offered adjuvant radiotherapy if they cannot or will not participate in such trials.
Does more school district administration lower educational productivity? Some evidence on the “Administrative Blob” in New York public schools

Abstract U.S. public schools are often criticized as overly bureaucratic: administration is said to consume too great a share of educational resources, to the detriment of educational productivity. Despite this common assertion, remarkably little is known about the resource allocation patterns of school districts, how these vary across districts, and how they have changed over time. This paper presents some evidence on resource allocation in New York state, using a panel of school districts, 1978-87. The paper then attempts to determine if there is any evidence at the district level of a systematic relationship between administrative inputs and educational output in the form of standardized test scores. A variety of statistical models is shown to yield inconsistent results, providing weak support for the contention that administrative resources are necessarily detrimental to educational productivity.
An improved mass spectrometer/computer system for collisional activation spectra

Abstract A reversed geometry double-focusing mass spectrometer used for measuring metastable ion and collisional activation (CA) spectra has been modified to include a special collision chamber, doubled ion-accelerating voltage, and a dedicated minicomputer. This results in a five-fold increase in sensitivity and a $ 2 increase in resolution. There is an additional large increase in resolution for peaks adjacent to the precursor ion due to the near elimination of off-focus scattering. Computer data acquisition and spectrum rescanning give the expected enhancement in signal/noise and increased efficiency in operation. A high-pressure ion source makes possible CA spectral studies of ion-molecule reaction products.