cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isotropic plate elements with shear and normal strain deformations

SUMMARY Plate-bending finite elements are developed for thin and moderately thick plates. The element takes into account the influence of the transverse normal strain and the transverse shear effects. For the computation of the stresses, an additional plate element is developed to determine the inplane displacements and forces. The combined effects of the plate-bending and inplane elements are used for the complete solution of the problem. Several examples are solved and compared with their corresponding exact solutions. Several papers'-6 have been published recently on the development of finite elements for moderately thick plates. The most commonly used shear deformation plate theories in the formulation of finite elements for moderately thick plates are due to Reissner' or Mindlin.* The work in Reference 1 is based on Mindlin's theory, while that in Reference 2 is due to Reissner's theory. A number of difficulties arc encountered in the development of plate elements based on the shear plate the~ries.~ Some of these problems are 'shear locking', numerical ill conditioning, loss of rank, poor accuracy due to theoretical shortcoming, etc. A number of these problems are discussed in References 1-5. In Reference 5, the plate element is not derived from the traditional variational principles but is rather based on a 'free formulation'. A theory for the bending of plates, taking into account the effects of both shear and normal strain, was developed recently.'-13 In the present paper a pair of plate-bending and inplane-plate finite elements are developed based on the refined theory of plates outlined in References 9-13. The plate-bending finite element is used to determine the average transverse displacement W, the average rotations & and & and the stress resultants Q,, Qy, M,, M, and M,, of the plate. The mid-plane transverse displacement wo may be readily obtained from W, M, and My. Determining the stresses ox, oy and zxy requires the use of an additional inplane-plate element for the evaluation of the mid-plane, inplane displacements uo and vo. This development yields a bending-extension coupling for the stresses, Several examples are solved and compared with their corresponding exact solutions.9-' A comparison is also made between the finite elements developed using Reissner's the~ry,~ Mindlin's theory* and those developed in this paper using the refined theory presented in References 9-13.
Quantum properties of a strongly interacting frustrated disordered magnet

We compute the low-energy quantum states and low-frequency dynamical susceptibility of a quantum generalization of the two-dimensional Edwards-Anderson spin glass, obtaining exact numerical results for system sizes much larger than previously accessible. The ground state is a complex superposition of a substantial fraction of all the classical ground states, often having large connected regions of spins all exhibiting strong quantum fluctuations, and yet the dynamical susceptibility exhibits sharp resonances reminiscent of the behavior of single spins. The dependence of the energy spectra on system size differs qualitatively from that of the energy spectra of random undirected bipartite graphs with similar statistics, implying that strong interactions are giving rise to these unusual spectral properties.
Estimation in a disequilibrium model and the value of information

Abstract Suits' model of the watermelon market is reformulated as a disequilibrium model and the likelihood function is derived under various assumptions concerning the amount of available information. Such models are characterized by a min condition as in yt = min(Dt, St) for an ordinary demand-supply model, where the observed quantity yt is the smaller demand and supply. Varying amounts of information may be available depending on which variables are observed and on whether prior information is available for separating the sample into subsets for which Dt
Rhodium catalyzed hydroacylation of ethylene with 4-pentenals. reactions of 4-hexenal-1-d

Abstract A catalyst derived from 2,4-pentanedionatobis(ethylene)rhodium(I), I, promoted the addition of 4-pentenal to ethylene. The reaction was accompanied by the formation of double bond migration products derived from the 4-pentenal reactant and from the 6-hepten-3-one primary product. Compound I accomplished the addition of 4-hexenal to ethylene to afford high yields of 6-octen-3-one. The fate of the aldehyde hydrogen in this transformation has been determined in experiments employing 4-hexenal-1-d as reactant. Treatment of 4-hexenal-1-d with I in CHCl3 and CDCl3 afforded 6-octen-3-one possessing >50% do molecules while the isotopic composition of recovered unexpended 4-hexenal remained >96% d1. 6-Octen-3-one products with isotopic compositions of >66% do were afforded when ethylene was introduced to reaction mixtures. The location of deuterium in 6-octen-3-one, derived from treatment of 4-hexenal-1-d with I in the absence of added C2H4, was determined to be distributed at C-1 and C-2 and at the CC bond by analysis of the 1H and 2H NMR spectra. Unexpended ethylene was recovered and was found to contain a substantial amount of deuterium. Mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.
Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with acute onset of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy values, and eigenvalues in different regions of the brain:

Purpose: To investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients differ from those of healthy controls.Material and Methods: Eight NPSLE patients (aged 23–55 years, mean 42.9 years) and 20 healthy age-matched controls (aged 22–59 years, mean 44.4 years) underwent conventional brain magnetic resonance (MR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The ADC, FA, principal eigenvalue (λ∥), and the corresponding average perpendicular eigenvalue (λ⊥) ( = (λ2+λ3)/2) were measured in selected regions of normal appearing gray and white matter brain parenchyma. For statistical evaluation of differences between the two groups, a Student's t-test was used. The P value for statistical significance was set to P = 0.0025 after Bonferroni correction for multiple measurements.Results: Significantly increased ADC values were demonstrated in normal-appearing areas in the insular cortex (P<0.001), thalamus (P<0.001), ...
SU‐E‐J‐200: A Dosimetric Analysis of 3D Versus 4D Image‐Based Dose Calculation for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Lung Tumors

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric difference between 3D and 4Dweighted dose calculation using patient specific respiratory trace and deformable image registration for stereotactic body radiation therapy in lung tumors. Methods: Two dose calculation techniques, 3D and 4D-weighed dose calculation, were used for dosimetric comparison for 9 lung cancer patients. The magnitude of the tumor motion varied from 3 mm to 23 mm. Breath-hold exhale CT was used for 3D dose calculation with ITV generated from the motion observed from 4D-CT. For 4D-weighted calculation, dose of each binned CT image from the ten breathing amplitudes was first recomputed using the same planning parameters as those used in the 3D calculation. The dose distribution of each binned CT was mapped to the breath-hold CT using deformable image registration. The 4D-weighted dose was computed by summing the deformed doses with the temporal probabilities calculated from their corresponding respiratory traces. Dosimetric evaluation criteria includes lung V20, mean lung dose, and mean tumor dose. Results: Comparing with 3D calculation, lung V20, mean lung dose, and mean tumor dose using 4D-weighted dose calculation were changed by −0.67% ± 2.13%, −4.11% ± 6.94% (−0.36 Gy ± 0.87 Gy), −1.16% ± 1.36%(−0.73 Gy ± 0.85 Gy) accordingly. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that conventional 3D dose calculation method may overestimate the lung V20, MLD, and MTD. The absolute difference between 3D and 4D-weighted dose calculation in lung tumor may not be clinically significant. This research is supported by Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc and Iowa Center for Research By Undergraduates
Distributed hierarchical storage manager for a video-on-demand system

The design of a distributed video-on-demand system that is suitable for large video libraries is described. The system is designed to store 1000s of hours of video material on tertiary storage devices. A video that a user wants to view is loaded onto a video file server close to the users desktop from where it can be played. The system manages the distributed cache of videos on the file servers and schedules load requests to the tertiary storage devices. The system also includes a metadata database, described in a companion paper, that the user can query to locate video material of interest. This paper describes the software architecture, storage organization, application protocols for locating and loading videos, and distributed cache management algorithm used by the system.
Bromine measurements in ozone depleted air over the Arctic Ocean

Abstract. In situ measurements of ozone, photochemically active bromine compounds, and other trace gases over the Arctic Ocean in April 2008 are used to examine the chemistry and geographical extent of ozone depletion in the arctic marine boundary layer (MBL). Data were obtained from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) study and the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) study. Fast (1 s) and sensitive (detection limits at the low pptv level) measurements of BrCl and BrO were obtained from three different chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) instruments, and soluble bromide was measured with a mist chamber. The CIMS instruments also detected Br2. Subsequent laboratory studies showed that HOBr rapidly converts to Br2 on the Teflon instrument inlets. This detected Br2 is identified as active bromine and represents a lower limit of the sum HOBr + Br2. The measured active bromine is shown to likely be HOBr during daytime flights in the arctic. In the MBL over the Arctic Ocean, soluble bromide and active bromine were consistently elevated and ozone was depleted. Ozone depletion and active bromine enhancement were confined to the MBL that was capped by a temperature inversion at 200–500 m altitude. In ozone-depleted air, BrO rarely exceeded 10 pptv and was always substantially lower than soluble bromide that was as high as 40 pptv. BrCl was rarely enhanced above the 2 pptv detection limit, either in the MBL, over Alaska, or in the arctic free troposphere.
Simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines from conditioned media and patient's sera by an antibody-based protein array system.

We have developed a novel technique for high-throughput simultaneous screening of multiple cytokine expression based on a protein array system. Our method has the advantage of showing the specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, sensitivity of enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL), and high-throughput of microspot. In this system, the cytokine array membranes were created by spotting capture antibodies onto the membranes. The membranes were then incubated with biological samples such as conditioned media and patient's sera. The bound proteins were then recognized by biotin-conjugated antibodies and detected by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin coupled with ECL. Experiments demonstrated that 24 cytokines from conditioned media and patient's sera could be simultaneously detected using this new approach. This methodology should allow us to develop many high-density protein array systems to detect a variety of proteins. To validate and quantitate the expression of key molecules in a wide range of samples, we have developed conditioned medium arrays to evaluate hundreds and even thousands of samples from individual cells and patients in a single microarray. The combinations of protein arrays and conditioned medium arrays or serum arrays will provide a powerful tool to identify the protein expression profiles and rapidly validate their expression in many types and numbers of samples.
Thermochromic effects in an asymmetric mixed-valence system

in H20 as solvent. Rate measurements via time-resolved (femtosecond) absorbance spectroscopy yielded distinctly nonexponential absorbance recovery kinetics, and therefore a range of values ( I E E T = lOl2-lOl3 s-1) rather than a single value for the thermal ET process. One potential source for the nonexponential behavior-a femtosecond coherence artifact-was identified, but could not be fully deconvoluted in the initial study.' Subsequent work by Barbara and co-workers has suggested that an additional factor could be a local heating effect, following intervalence transfer and back-electron-transfer.* If local heat dispersion occurred on a picosecond timescale and if the groundstate species were thermochromic, then the apparent heating phenomenon would contribute a probewavelength-dependent absorption component (artifact) to the observed kinetic^.^ The purpose of this note is to report on the intervalence thermochromism for the ground-state mixed-valence ion and to comment on its origin.
Free space optical coupling to completely embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors

ABSTRACT A novel method of free space passive optical coupling to co mpletely embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors has been investigated. Fiber optical sensors have attracted intense research and comme rcial interest. Specifically, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have shown great utility for integrity management and environmental sensing of composite structures. One major drawback of FBG sensors, however, is that they suffer from cumbersome and fragile techniques for bringing the sensing light into and out of the structures. In our previous publication, we have demonstrated surface normal free space coupling into embedded FBG sensors with 45-degree-angled mirrors integrated into fibers as the coupling technique. These previous studies, however, required physical coupling to detect and analyze the light transmitted through the FBG. In this paper, we successfully couple free space light into and out of an un-embedded FBG sensor using multimode fiber (MMF) spliced to SMFBG with 45-degree-angled mirrors fabricated onto both MMF and SMFBG on a polishing wheel. We also present a manual po lishing technique to integrate mirrors onto MMF and SMF (without Bragg grating) embedded in a composite material, and successfully measure the co upling into and through these embedded optical fibers. With this approach, no pigtailing is needed, and the FBG sensors can be completely embedded inside the structures, greatly increasing system simplicity and robustness. Keywords : fiber optical sensors, reflection, fiber Bragg grating (FBG), free space coupling, embedded optical fiber, smart structures, structural health monitoring
Thermo-electrically cooled shortwave infrared and longwave infrared dual-band quantum-dot photodetector

We report a longwave infrared quantum dot infrared photodetector working at room temperature (RT) (298K). A photoresponsivity and photodetectivity of 0.02A/W and 9.0x10 6 cmHz 1/2 /W was achieved at 298K with a low bias voltage of -0.1V. The RT QDIP avoids bulk and heavy cryogenic cooling systems and thus enables the development of ultra-compact IR sensing and imaging systems.
Negative correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity in sand-and-gravel aquifers at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA

Although it may be intuitive to think of the hydraulic conductivity K of unconsolidated, coarse-grained sediments as increasing monotonically with increasing porosity F, studies have documented a negative correlation between these two parameters under certain grain-size distributions and packing arrangements. This is confirmed at two sites on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, where groundwater investigations were conducted in sand-and-gravel aquifers specifically to examine the interdependency of several aquifer properties using measurements from four geophysical well logs. Along with K and F, the electrical resistivity R0 and the natural gamma activity g of saturated deposits were determined as functions of depth. Qualitative examination of results from the first site implies a negative correlation between K and F that is substantiated by a rigorous multivariate analysis of log data collected from the second site. A principal components analysis describes an overdetermined system of inversion equations, with approximately 92% of the cumulative proportion of the total variance being accounted for by only three of the four eigenvectors. A subsequent R-mode factor analysis projects directional trends among the four variables (K, F, R0 and g), and a negative correlation between K and F emerges as the primary result. q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nurses' attitudes, beliefs and confidence levels regarding care for those who abuse alcohol: impact of educational intervention.

Summary Alcohol abuse is a worldwide public health concern. Nurses, representing the largest body of health care providers, are a potential resource to provide screening and brief intervention for patients with alcohol problems. This study evaluates the effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels of nurses regarding screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems. One hundred eighty-one students at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing participated in a four-hour educational intervention to train providers in brief negotiated intervention (BNI) for screening, early detection and brief treatment of alcohol problems. Participants completed questionnaires before and after this training. Analysis of the data using paired t -test and one-way analysis of variance showed statistically significant positive change in the nurses' attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment after the educational intervention. For example, the percentage of nurses who reported always having confidence in assessing patients' readiness to change their behavior increased from 8.3% to 23.5% after training. In conclusion, the BNI educational intervention can be effective in promoting positive changes among nurses in attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment.
Perioperative Complications of Laparoscopic and Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: While it remains controversial whether LRP or da Vinci® RAP offers any advantages over radical retropubic prostatectomy, LRP and RAP are being used more frequently. We reviewed our experience with these minimally invasive techniques.Materials and Methods: We reviewed intraoperative and early postoperative complications of 358 LRPs performed from October 2000 to January 2003 with those of 322 RAPs performed from June 2003 to June 2004. The transperitoneal approach with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection was performed using each technique. Data acquisition was done independently of the 3 surgeons.Results: The LRP and RAP groups had similar clinical characteristics in terms of patient race, body mass index, prostate specific antigen, risk group, and pathological tumor grade and stage. Median operative time and estimated blood loss for LRP and RAP were 4.1 and 3.1 hours, and 200 and 250 ml, respectively. No blood transfusions were given intraoperatively, although 8 patients with LRP (2.2%) and 5 ...
Performance of the MK-IX Explosive-Driven Flux-Compression Generator

In the seventh IEEE Pulsed Power Conference in Monterey, CA (1989), Fowler and others published the performance characteristics for the recently developed MK-IX explosive-driven magnetic flux-compression generator (FCG). Since that time we have used this generator in a variety of applications, and have published the results as one of the features of each individual experiment. In this paper, we collect the results from these applications to review the performance of the FCG. The application requiring the largest routine current delivery was the Los Alamos Procyon system. In that system, the MK-IX was the prime power supply and we worked at current levels of -21.5 MA in 73 nH. We also used a MK-IX as a booster to supply initial flux for the CN-III generator, which generated a final current of -160 MA. In Procyon applications, the generator operated with a combined system jitter of 6% over a seven shot series where the MK-IX load was nominally identical. We discuss these and other results, and note how the jitter would be reduced in future applications.
Effects of temperament and acclimation to handling on feedlot performance of Bos taurus feeder cattle originated from a rangeland-based cow-calf system.

Two experiments evaluated the effects of temperament and acclimation to handling on performance of Angus × Hereford feeder cattle reared in extensive rangeland systems until weaning. In Exp. 1, 200 calves (n = 97 for yr 1; n = 103 for yr 2) were evaluated for temperament at weaning (average age ± SE = 152 ± 1 d) by chute score and exit velocity. Chute score was assessed on a 5-point scale according to behavior during chute restraining. Exit score was calculated by dividing exit velocity into quintiles and assigning calves a score from 1 (slowest) to 5 (fastest). A temperament score was calculated for each calf by averaging chute and exit scores. Calf temperament was classifi ed according to temperament score as adequate (≤3) or excitable (>3). After weaning, calves were assigned to a 40-d preconditioning followed by growing (139 d) and fi nishing (117 d) phases until slaughter. Weaning BW was decreased (P = 0.04) in excitable calves compared with adequate calves. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.21) for ADG during preconditioning, growing, and fi nishing phases; hence, excitable calves tended (P = 0.09) to have decreased HCW compared with adequate calves. In Exp. 2, 60 steers (initial age ± SE = 198 ± 2 d) were weighed and
Trading bandwidth for latency: managing continuations through a carpet bag cache

Processing-in-memory (PIM) circumvents the von Neumann bottleneck by combining logic and memory (typically DRAM) on a single die. This work examines the performance of a mobile thread execution model in which threads traverse the system's address space in search of their required data over a massively parallel PIM array targeted at petaFLOP performance. This model is enabled through the use of a carpetbag cache which travels with the thread and provides data from the node previously visited. In this way, the latency of traveling to a node already visited is avoided by paying the additional bandwidth and packaging costs associated with moving the cache. Furthermore, it is shown that thrashing between two nodes will generally occur without the use of the cache. Each of the simulations conducted in this work was conducted under stress. By using the Data Intensive Systems (DIS) benchmark suite, the model was subjected to "worst case" memory access patterns, and ultimately still proved highly successful. Additionally, it is shown that this model caters to the positive aspects of a PIM - specifically, the very fast local memory access available.
Do Near-Death Experiences Provide a Rational Basis for Belief in Life after Death?

In this paper I suggest that near-death experiences (NDEs) provide a rational basis for belief in life after death. My argument is a simple one and is modeled on the argument from religious experience for the existence of God. But unlike the proponents of the argument from religious experience, I stop short of claiming that NDEs prove the existence of life after death. Like the argument from religious experience, however, my argument turns on whether or not there is good reason to believe that NDEs are authentic or veridical. I argue that there is good reason to believe that NDEs are veridical and that therefore it is reasonable to believe in the existence of what they seem to be experiences of, namely, a continued state of consciousness after the death of the body. I will then offer some comments on the philosophical import of NDEs, as well as reflections on the current state of contemporary philosophy in light of the neglect of this phenomenon.
INVESTING IN WORK: WILKES AS AN EMPLOYMENT LAW CASE

The plaintiff’s situation in Wilkes v. Springside Nursing Home, Inc.1 warrants a fresh look in light of recent scholarship that focuses on default rules, in particular the presumption that an employment contract for an indefinite term creates a relationship of employment at-will.2 This focus furnishes a new vantage point from which to assess the court’s holding in Wilkes, both in isolation and in contrast with subsequent cases. The Wilkes court required a controlling shareholder (whether a single shareholder or an alliance among several) to demonstrate that a legitimate business purpose justified terminating the employment of a shareholder in a closely-held cor­ poration in which economic return on equity came only through salary payments, subject to a showing by the discharged employeeshareholder that through means less injurious to him the corpora­ tion could have achieved the same business objective.3 If the con­ trolling shareholder cannot show a legitimate business purpose for its action—or, having established such a purpose the shareholderemployee shows the availability of an alternative less injurious than termination—the termination breaches the controlling shareholder or shareholders’ fiduciary duty to the discharged shareholder-em­ ployee.4 Otherwise, or more generally, an employment of indefi­ nite duration (like the plaintiff’s in Wilkes) is subject to a
cis-acting sequences required for inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function bind a novel Ets-related protein, Elf-1.

Abstract The recent definition of a consensus DNA binding sequence for the Ets family of transcription factors has allowed the identification of potential Ets binding sites in the promoters and enhancers of many inducible T-cell genes. In the studies described in this report, we have identified two potential Ets binding sites, EBS1 and EBS2, which are conserved in both the human and murine interleukin-2 enhancers. Within the human enhancer, these two sites are located within the previously defined DNase I footprints, NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift and methylation interference analyses demonstrated that EBS1 and EBS2 are essential for the formation of the NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B nuclear protein complexes. Furthermore, in vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function requires the presence of either EBS1 or EBS2. Two well-characterized Ets family members, Ets-1 and Ets-2, are reciprocally expressed during T-cell activation. Surprisingly, however, neither of these proteins bound in vitro to EBS1 or EBS2. We therefore screened a T-cell cDNA library under low-stringency conditions with a probe from the DNA binding domain of Ets-1 and isolated a novel Ets family member, Elf-1. Elf-1 contains a DNA binding domain that is nearly identical to that of E74, the ecdysone-inducible Drosophila transcription factor required for metamorphosis (hence the name Elf-1, for E74-like factor 1). Elf-1 bound specifically to both EBS1 and EBS2 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. It also bound to the purine-rich CD3R element from the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat, which is required for inducible virus expression in response to signalling through the T-cell receptor. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiple Ets family members with apparently distinct DNA binding specificities regulate differential gene expression in resting and activated T cells.
Policity: an experimental evaluation of policy-based administration in a city simulation

The administration cost of today's complex IT systems is a major inhibitor of growth for many companies in the burgeoning services economy. One proposed solution is policy-based system administration - a type of autonomic computing system that can manage itself with minimum human intervention. To explore the cost-benefit tradeoffs of policy-based system administration, we conducted an experiment in which participants managed a simulated city (Policity) using either a policy-based interface or a manual GUI-based interface. Results showed that for novices, performance was 50% higher using the policy interface compared to using the manual interface, but the interaction workload was significantly higher with the policy interface than with the manual interface. Overall, our results suggest that policy-based system administration can provide substantial productivity improvement at the cost of some additional interaction workload.
Submicron polymer powder in electrodeless radio frequency‐induced plasma‐initiated polymerization

Of the 30 monomers and monomer combinations investigated, 11 were polymerized into essentially all powder, 17 into predominantly a film, and two could not be polymerized in an electrodeless rf plasma-initiated gas phase polymerization. Efficient powder formation was mainly determined by the type of the monomer, the monomer partial pressure, the type of inert gas used, and the design of the polymerization chamber. The powders examined consisted of spherical particles of submicron size and were almost completely or partially soluble; and in the case of polystyrene, the powders possesses a very narrow particle-size distribution. In all cases, the soluble material was of a very low molecular weight. The best conversion to powder achieved was 18%.
Load-aware bidirectional pipeline construction for terabit IP forwarding

IP forwarding with longest prefix matching (LPM) is the kernel function of routers in Internet. Most LPM algorithms can be implemented by some form of tree traversal, whose throughput can be improved dramatically by being pipelined. On the other hand, balancing the memory allocation over the pipeline stages has been identified as a major challenge for scalable solutions. Most of previous pipelining schemes balance the memory distribution across stages at the cost of lowering the worst-case throughput. This paper proposes a SRAM-based bidirectional pipeline architecture with load-aware dynamic construction to improve dramatically the throughput. Simulation experiments show that, the architecture can achieve a perfectly balanced memory distribution over the stages, store 150K unique route prefixes using 2 MB of memory, and realize a high throughput of 1.2 Tbps for minimum size (40 bytes) packets.
REASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH SCHOOL SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND DEVIANCE: Evidence of Enduring, Bifurcated Effects

Despite its long-standing popular appeal, the idea that athletic activity is a deterrent to crime and delinquency suffers from a distinct lack of empirical support. This article tests the hypothesis that the relationship between high school sports participation and deviance varies by both type of deviant behavior and level of athletic involvement. The analysis is based upon longitudinal data focusing on the effects of involvement in high school sports, the country's largest institutional setting for youth sports participation, in early adulthood. We find that the relationship between athletic involvement and deviance varies significantly depending upon the deviant behaviors examined. Specifically, we find that shoplifting decreases with sports participation, while drunken driving increases. Moreover, these effects extend further into the life course (age 30) than has been demonstrated in any previous study and hold across all our measures of sports participation. Several potential explanatory mechanisms are evaluated. The implications of these enduring, bifurcated effects are discussed.
Clinical Implications of a Multivariate Stratification Model for the Estimation of Prognosis in Ventricular Septal Defect.

Objectives To derive and validate a multivariate stratification model for prediction of survival free from intervention (SFFI) in ventricular septal defect (VSD). A secondary aim is for this model to serve as proof of concept for derivation of a more general congenital heart disease prognostic model, of which the VSD model will be the first component. Study design For 12 years, 2334 subjects with congenital heart disease were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Of these, 675 had VSD and form the derivation cohort. One hundred seven other subjects with VSD followed in another practice formed the validation cohort. The derivation cohort was serially stratified based on clinical and demographic features correlating with SFFI. Results Six strata were defined, the most favorable predicting nearly 100% SFFI at 10 years, and the least favorable, a high likelihood of event within weeks. Strata with best SFFI had many subjects with nearly normal physiology, muscular VSD location, or prior intervention. In the validation cohort, the relation between predicted and actual SFFI at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years follow-up had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves 0.800 or greater. Conclusions A prediction model for SFFI in VSD has been derived and validated. It has potential for clinical application to the benefit of patients and families, medical trainees, and practicing physicians.
Parent-Child Interaction during Foster Care Visits

The case-based research discussed in this article describes the variety of strategies mothers and young children spontaneously used to negotiate the complexities of foster care visiting. Nine mothers and their 24- to 48-month-old children were videotaped during their foster care visits. After each visit, the mother participated in an in-depth, audiotaped interview. Mothers and children displayed a wide variety of responses to visits. Mothers spontaneously discussed the challenges of visits, particularly separating at the end of visits. Implications for enhancing the quality of visits and strengthening services are discussed.
The PSMH: a pyramid of fractional dimension

The authors present the partitionable spanning multibus hypercube (PSMH) interconnection network. The aim is to provide an architecture for applications with spatially distributed data. The data are embedded on the PSMH by hierarchical data structures, the n-dimensional binary trees. A special case of the PSMH, designed for the manipulation and display of three-dimensional objects, is discussed in detail. On the basis of PSMH features and the properties of the data structure, a routage algorithm is derived, and it is shown how data can be packed to reduce the PSMH size. >
Bias reduction and efficiency of reconstructed ratio estimators for a finite universe

The bias of ratio estimators based on a simple random sample ofn units drawn from a finite universe ofN units, and reconstructed according to, or in ways similar to Quenouille's method, is of order 1/n only ifN≧n 2, and of order 1/n Q , where 1<Q<2, ifN<n 2. Further it is shown that the device of splitting samples, either for bias reduction and/or convenience of variance estimation, except for the special case noted in the paper, yields estimators that are inefficient and can be improved.
Hotel Trópico: Brazil and the challenge of African decolonization, 1950–1980

In March 1964, a military coup inaugurated two decades of anticommunist dictatorship in Brazil. Six months after the coup, amid ongoing repression in Rio de Janeiro and other cities, Senegal's soci...
Diagnosis, assessment and management of nystagmus in childhood

Abstract Nystagmus is a rhythmical, repetitive and involuntary movement of the eyes. It is usually from side to side, but sometimes up and down or in a circular motion. It can be distressing to the child and their carers and leads to reduced visual acuity due to the excessive motion of images on the retina. It is helpful to distinguish between infantile nystagmus and acquired nystagmus. Infantile nystagmus usually appears by 3–6 months. Infantile nystagmus can occur with poor vision, or visual deprivation in early life due to congenital cataracts, optic nerve hypoplasia, retinal dystrophies or disease, can be associated to albinism or it can be part of a neurological syndromes or diseases. Neurological disease should be suspected when the nystagmus is asymmetrical or unilateral. Infantile nystagmus can be hereditary, the most common and best analysed form being a mutation of the FRMD7 gene on chromosome Xq26.2. Novel methods to record eye movements and recent advances in the field of genetics have contributed to the improvement in diagnosis and management of nystagmus in children. Glasses, contact lenses and prisms help in improving vision. Pharmacological treatment exists to reduce nystagmus; however, as there are very few randomized controlled trials in this area, most pharmacological treatment options in nystagmus remain empirical. Eye muscle surgery may help in children with abnormal head posture to correct the defect and alleviate neck problems that can arise due to an abnormal head posture.
Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neural Retinal Precursor Cells on Porous Poly-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Scaffolds.

Abstract Purpose: Cell replacement therapy for the treatment of retinal degeneration is an increasingly feasible approach, but one that still requires optimization of the transplantation strategy. To this end, various polymer substrates can increase cell survival and integration, although the effect of their pore size on cell behavior, particularly differentiation, has yet to be explored. Methods: Salt crystals of varying known size were used to impart structure to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds by a salt leaching/solvent evaporation process. Mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) were seeded to the polymer scaffolds and supplemented with retinal differentiation media for up to 2 weeks. Proliferation was measured during the course of 2 weeks, while differentiation was evaluated using cell morphology and expression of early retinal development markers. Results: The salt leaching method of porous PLGA fabrication resulted in amorphous smooth pores. Cells attached to these scaffolds an...
Linear Strain Hardening of Cylindrical Shells

The load-deformation characteristics of circular cylindrical shells, made of linear isotropic strain hardening material, simply supported at both ends, and subjected to axisymmetric loading, is studied. The shell material is assumed to obey a square approximation to the exact Tresca yield curve for the axisymmetrical bending of cylindrical shells with zero end load. Depending on the value of the shell parameter and toe magnitude of the internal pressure, shells are found to deform under six different types of stress profile. The development of the stress profiles with increasing pressure and the corresponding load-deformation fields are presented for the entire range of the shell parameter, encompassing short, medium, long, and very long shells.
The Relational Costs of Complete Contracts

Although contracts provide safeguards against risk, they can also signal low expectations for a relationship (e.g., suggesting a prenuptial agreement.) Three studies document how attempts to create more complete contracts, driven by a desire to effectively manage the potential pitfalls in a relationship, can crowd out rapport and undermine trust and cooperation. More specifically, this paper investigates the signaling effects of two aspects of contract completeness, specificity and the number of clauses in the contract. We found that complete contracts act as a signal (Study 1) and reduce relational expectations, subjective satisfaction, and trust (Study 2); they also lead to less cooperative behavior (Study 3). We discuss some of the implications of this paradox.
First breeding and hand rearing of the New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bat Mystacina tuberculata at Auckland Zoo

Auckland Zoo maintains the only captive New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats Mystacina tuberculata in the world. These animals came to the Zoo in 2007 following a wild translocation attempt managed by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. Affected by a disease of unknown origin which damaged their ear pinnae, the bats were considered unsuitable for release. The colony has provided an excellent opportunity to develop the husbandry protocols required for the management and successful reproduction of these bats at the Zoo. Our knowledge has increased significantly with the successful breeding and hand rearing of two pups. While parent rearing would be preferred for future breeding events, the experience has confirmed the ability to rear pups if intervention is ever required. The work being carried out at Auckland Zoo contributes to the national efforts to conserve these threatened mammals.
SERS sensing of sub-nanoliter analyte on diatom biosilica using inkjet printing

Diatoms are unicellular algae which have photonic-crystal-like biosilica frustules consisting of many pores. Each diatom frustule has a dimension around 10~20μm and can be used as a miniaturized biosensor. In this article, we demonstrate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing of sub-nanoliter analyte on diatom biosilica with self-assembled silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). An inkjet printer is used to dispense multiple ~100 pico-liter volume analyte droplets with pinpoint accuracy and precision onto each individual diatom frustule. Experimental results show up to 3x higher SERS signals of R6G on diatom compared with those from conventional colloidal SERS substrates. Furthermore, down to 10 -14 M R6G detection ability was also demonstrated through the inkjet printing strategy.
Fluid Management for Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Prospective, Randomized Assessment of Goal-Directed Administration of Balanced Salt Solution or Hetastarch Coupled with an Enhanced Recovery Program

INTRODUCTION:No consensus exists regarding the optimal fluid (crystalloid or colloid) or strategy (liberal, restricted, or goal directed) for fluid management after colectomy. Prior assessments have used normal saline. This is the first assessment of standard, goal-directed perioperative fluid manag
Technology transfer and value creation: Extending the theory beyond information exchange

Most interfirm models of technology transfer involve the exchange of information. As technology gains increasing importance in competitive strategy, however, the information-exchange perspective becomes increasingly limited. This paper conceptually extends the interfirm technology-transfer process to include aspects of commercialization and value creation. Like other areas of organizational science, much of the problem associated with technology transfer involves implementation. The model developed in this study, in its simplest form, links the technology-transfer process to the well-developed process models of new-product and new-venture development.
Femtosecond laser processing of materials

We review recent work involving the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with materials. We discuss the fundamental processes involved and applications, classifying the work into the interaction with transparent materials and with absorbing materials.
A Level-Set-Based Multistage Metamodeling Approach for Design Optimization

A level-set-based multistage metamodeling approach is developed for design optimization. Different from the existing objective-oriented sequential sampling methods, where the design objective and constraints have to be combined into a single response of interest, our method offers the flexibility of building metamodels for multiple responses (objective/constraints) simultaneously. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is introduced for each metamodel to represent the confidence interval due to the lack of sufficient samples at the early stages of metamodeling. Based on the extreme values of the optimal solution identified within the confidence interval, the level set method (LSM), together with a series of Boolean operations, is used to identify the region(s) of interests with arbitrary topologies. Introducing LSM facilitates region manipulations, representation of disconnected regions of interest, and visualization for design exploration. Through mathematical benchmark examples and an engineering design problem, we demonstrate that the proposed method possesses a superior efficiency in design exploration to the conventional sequential sampling strategy and allows the use of multiple samples at each sampling stage. As the metamodeling process moves on, the region of interests is progressively reduced, and the optimal design is asymptotically approached. Our results are compared with those from one-stage metamodeling using the Optimal Latin Hypercubes (OLH) experiments. Our study shows that the proposed method can effectively capture the region of interests with any shape/topology and locate the optimum design with improved efficiency.
The Specter of Relativism

Relativism represents a threat – often fatal – to democracy. Why? Because if every political and normative position comes to be seen as equally valid as any other, the moral cement necessary for so...
Evaluation of Syncope in Older Adults

The older adult patient with syncope is one of the most challenging evaluations for the emergency physician. It requires clinical skill, patience, and knowledge of specific older adult issues. It demands care in the identification of necessary resources, such as medication review, and potential linkage with several multidisciplinary follow-up services. Excellent syncope care likely requires reaching out to ensure institutional resources are aligned with emergency department patient needs, thus asking emergency physicians to stretch their administrative talents. This is likely best done as preset protocols prior to individual patient encounters. Emergency physicians evaluate elders with syncope every day and should rise to the challenge to do it well.
Defective Central Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation in the Absence of Eomesodermin.

Abstract Abstract 2662 Poster Board II-638 The differentiation of central memory CD8+ T cells after vaccination or primary pathogen encounter is critical for the establishment of long-lasting protection against pathogens including intracellular infectious organisms and malignancies. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of immune memory establishment are unclear, preventing the development of effective vaccines to many emerging pathogens. Naive CD8+ T cells responding to intracellular pathogens undergo rounds of cell division and progressive differentiation to give rise to terminally differentiated effector cells and memory cells to provide acute and long-lasting immunity, respectively. T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes), key transcription factors in this differentiation, share significant DNA binding domain sequence and functional homology, although their distinct expression patterns and non-DNA binding domains suggest potential non-redundant functions. T-bet drives effector and effector-memory differentiation, suppressing the formation of long-lasting central memory CD8+ T cells. We now show that CD8+ T cells responding to acute infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) display significant heterogeneity in the relative expression levels of T-bet and Eomes on a single cell level. Using mice with a tissue specific deletion of Eomes in T cells, we show defective central-memory differentiation in CD8+ T cells lacking Eomes after infection with LCMV. We observe defects in both long-term persistence and re-expansion on re-challenge, two defining characteristics of central-memory T cells, in memory CD8+ T cells lacking Eomes. These results demonstrate that, in direct contrast to T-bet, Eomes promotes central-memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Thus, the balance of T-bet and Eomes expression may determine the propensity for CD8+ T cell terminal effector differentation versus long-lived memory differentiation. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role for Eomes in the differentiation of pathogen specific central memory CD8+ T cells which can provide life-long immune protection. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.