cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Outbound Logistics Model for Frito-Lay: Coordinating Aggregate-Level Production and Distribution Decisions

In this paper, we describe research to improve Frito-Lay's outbound supply chain activities by simultaneously optimizing its inventory and transportation decisions. Motivated by Frito-Lay's practice, we first develop a mixed-integer programming formulation from which we develop a large-scale, integrated multiproduct inventory lot-sizing and vehicle-routing model with explicit (1) inventory holding costs, truck loading and dispatch costs, and mileage costs; (2) production, storage, and truck capacity limitations; and (3) direct (plant-to-store) and interplant (plant-to-plant) delivery considerations. Second, we present an iterative solution approach in which we decompose the problem into inventory and routing components. The results demonstrate the impact of direct deliveries on distribution costs and show that direct deliveries and efficient inventory and routing decisions can provide significant savings opportunities over two benchmark models, one of which represents the existing Frito-Lay system. We implemented our models using an application that allows strategy evaluation, analysis of output files, and technology transfer. This application was particularly useful in evaluating potential direct-delivery locations and inventory reductions throughout the supply chain.
Grammar Prototyping and Testing with the LinGO Grammar Matrix Customization System

This demonstration presents the LinGO Grammar Matrix grammar customization system: a repository of distilled linguistic knowledge and a web-based service which elicits a typological description of a language from the user and yields a customized grammar fragment ready for sustained development into a broad-coverage grammar. We describe the implementation of this repository with an emphasis on how the information is made available to users, including in-browser testing capabilities.
Sample matrix effects on measured carbon and oxygen isotope ratios during continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry

RATIONALE Continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) is frequently used to analyze CO2 found in media such as air, breath, and soil pore space gas with the aid of a sample preparation and transfer device such as a Gasbench II. This study investigated the effect that matrices other than helium (He) have on the measured δ13C and δ18O isotope ratios of CO2. METHODS Identical CO2 was added to sample vials with matrices of pure He, pure N2, or a 21:79 mixture of O2/N2 and analyzed by a ThermoFinnigan DeltaPlus XP isotope-ratio mass spectrometer coupled to a ThermoFinnigan Gasbench II. Variables such as CO2 concentration, sample analysis sequence, and sample matrix removal ('blanking') through manipulation of an injection and dilution open split were tested to identify systematic isotope ratio offsets between the different matrix types. RESULTS The process of blanking induced a δ13C and δ18O offset of ≤0.2‰ between otherwise identical populations of CO2 samples in He. The 13C/12C and 18O/16O isotope ratios of CO2 sampled from pure N2 or a mixture of O2/N2 were found to be within 0.1 to 0.2‰ of those of an identical CO2 sampled from a He matrix when N2 or O2/N2 was removed prior to transport to the mass spectrometer. The measured oxygen isotope ratios of CO2 sampled from N2 and O2/N2 varied by as much as 0.6‰ and 4‰, respectively, if matrix gas was not removed prior to ionization. CONCLUSIONS Sampling CO2 from matrices similar to air does not significantly affect the measured 13C/12C and 18O/16O isotope ratios of CO2 when a gas-handling procedure that includes the removal of matrix gas is utilized. This procedure is much preferable to introducing matrix gas and potentially isobaric interference to the ion source. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ORIGEN-ARP Cross-Section Libraries for Magnox, Advanced Gas-Cooled, and VVER Reactor Designs

Cross-section libraries for the ORIGEN-ARP system were extended to include four non-U.S. reactor types: the Magnox reactor, the Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor, the VVER-440, and the VVER-1000. Typical design and operational parameters for these four reactor types were determined by an examination of a variety of published information sources. Burnup simulation models of the reactors were then developed using the SAS2H sequence from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SCALE code system. In turn, these models were used to prepare the burnup-dependent cross-section libraries suitable for use with ORIGEN-ARP. The reactor designs together with the development of the SAS2H models are described, and a small number of validation results using spent-fuel assay data are reported.
Ultrastructural localization of gold particles within neural grafts labeled with gold-filled Sendai viral envelopes.

The ability to discriminate between host and donor cells is required to interpret the organization of neural grafts at the electron microscopic (EM) level. Using light microscopy, Ardizzoni et al. (Ardizzoni, S.C., Michaels A., and Arendash, G.W. [1988] Science 239: 635–637) described a method, using gold-filled Sendai viral envelopes, for labeling cell suspensions prior to grafting. As the colloidal gold used in this procedure is especially attractive for use with EM, we have examined the ultrastructural distribution and character of this label with transplanted cells. Cell suspensions taken from the nucleus basalis of fetal rats were labeled using gold-filled Sendai viral envelopes and grafted into the dorsal neocortex of adult host rats with nucleus basalis lesions. After varying survival times ranging from 1 to 14 months, grafts and surrounding host tissue were examined using standard EM techniques. Within the graft site, gold particles ranging from 10–200 nm were found associated with various membranes throughout the cytoplasm of both neurons and glia. Gold particles of similar size were also found within the nuclei of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Host cells near the graft site contained some small gold particles (10–40 nm). Control injections of non-viable, gold-labeled cells or colloidal gold alone resulted in similar patterns of small gold particles which were readily discriminable from the larger virally inserted gold particles found in viable labeled donor cells. We conclude that this method allows discrimination between closely associated host and donor cells.
Bonding of Dental Glass to Nickel‐Chromium Alloys

Two 80Ni · 20Cr-type alloys, one 99.99% pure and one with 98% purity, formed a multilayer oxide scale with an outer layer of NiO and a single-layer scale with outer portion richer in Cr2O3, respectively. An applied K-aluminosilicate glass at 1020°C penetrated the latter oxide scale. Adherence was present at all interfaces due to the existence of chemical equilibrium. Fracture occurred in the multilayer oxide scale and in the glass close to the oxide glass interface, respectively.
Tangible programming in the classroom: a practical approach

This paper introduces Quetzal, a tangible programming language for children to use in educational settings. Quetzal features inexpensive, durable parts with no embedded electronics or power supplies. Children create programs in offline settings--on their desks or on the floor--and carry their programs to a scanning station when they are ready to compile. We argue that a language like Quetzal could offer an appealing and practical alternative to conventional languages for introducing programming concepts in the classroom. This paper discusses the motivations for the Quetzal project and describes the design and implementation of the language. We also outline several key questions that are guiding our research with Quetzal.
Effect of oil on recruitment from the seed bank of two tidal freshwater wetlands

The effect of oil spills on the recruitment of freshwater tidal wetland species was determined using soil seed bank samples collected in early March from two New Jersey Delaware River marshes. Samples were exposed to simulated tidal cycles 0 (2 days), 2 and 4 wk after soil was collected: 0 wk samples were treated before germination began. Oil treatment significantly reduced survival to 1 May (end of study) of Acnida cannabina and Bidens laevis, the dominant species, as well as number of species per sample and height of B. laevis. Total perennial seedlings, present in low numbers, also showed significant reduction with treatment. However, during the course of the study, Peltandra virginica recruitment and survival were not reduced by oil treatment and recruitment of Sagittaria latifolia appeared enhanced. There was no consistent pattern regarding which treatment time produced the greatest effect. Interactions (site, treatment, time) were generally not significant. Because these tidal freshwater wetlands and seed banks are dominated by annuals, reduction in seedling numbers and growth could substantially alter vegetation patterns. Timing of oil spills would be important, but impact would depend on species composition of the seed bank and colonizing vegetation, dispersal of seeds into the site, and germination requirements.
Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new ruthenium (V) oxide: La1.2Sr2.7RuO7+δ

Abstract Polycrystalline La1.2Sr2.7RuO7+δ has been synthesized by standard ceramic techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction data of this phase, in which ruthenium is in a pentavalent state, has been indexed in the trigonal space group R 3 ¯ m , with cell constants a = 5.750 ( 1 ) A and c = 18.349 ( 3 ) A . Along the c-axis, the structure can be described in terms of uniform stacking of two AO3 layers and one A2O1+δ layer (A = La/Sr). The A cations in the A2O1+δ layer are trigonal-prismatically coordinated and the Ru ions occupy the octahedral sites between the AO3 layers. La1.2Sr2.7RuO7+δ is a new n = 2 member of the general family of [A2O1+δ][AnBn−1O3n] hexagonal perovskites with n representing the number of AO3 successive layers. δ was found to be approximately 0.35. Synthesis, XRD–Rietveld analysis, thermogravimetric investigations, XANES spectroscopy and magnetic behavior of this compound are discussed.
A rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula.

Objective:We report an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft anomaly.Case report:A 15-year-old girl presented with a history of recurrent mucopurulent discharge from an opening in the left infra-auricular region, since birth. Computed tomography fistulography showed a tortuous tract measuring approximately 4.61 cm, extending anteroinferiorly and medially from the external inframeatal opening to the lateral nasopharyngeal wall (anterior to the fossa of Rosenmuller). The tract was connected to the deep lobe of the parotid gland and lay 0.67 cm anterior to the carotid artery and posterior to the medial pterygoid muscle.Conclusion:This was an extremely rare variant of first branchial cleft fistula. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of its type to be reported. Computed tomography fistulography is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of branchial cleft fistula, and will also assist surgical planning.
The Uniqueness of a Certain Trigonometric Integral

Verblunsky has recently proved the following theorem: Theorem A. Suppose that for every positive σ. Write and suppose that J ( σ, x ) is bounded in σ, x for σ > 0 and all x. Then exists almost everywhere, and almost everywhere.
Behavioral Effects of Response-Independent Termination of Aversive Stimulation

In the current study, the effects of noncontingent termination of aversive stimulation on the development and organization of behavior were examined. Rats were removed from cold water independent of their behavior, and changes in their behavior when replaced in the cold water were observed. Contrary to a classic interpretation of the effects of noncontingent reinforcement as “superstition,” stable and predictable patterns of behavior developed under these conditions. The results were interpreted as supporting the view that reinforcers do not act arbitrarily on behavior, but their effects are instead closely related to the motivational state of an organism and its surrounding stimulus conditions.
INFINITE FAMILIES OF FORMULAS FOR SUMS OF INTEGER SQUARES

In 2002, Milne [5, 6] obtained ten infinite families of formulas for the sums of integer squares. Recently, Long and Yang [4] reproved four of these identities using modular forms on various subgroups. In this paper, we prove the remaining six, and show that all of the identities can be proved by interpreting them in terms of modular forms for Γ0(4).
Adverse events in children implanted with ventricular assist devices in the United States: Data from the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (PediMACS).

Background Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been used in children on an increasing basis in recent years. One-year survival rates are now >80% in multiple reports. In this report we describe adverse events experienced by children with durable ventricular assist devices, using a national-level registry (PediMACS, a component of INTERMACS) Methods PediMACS is a national registry that contains clinical data on patients who are Results This report comprises data from 200 patients with a median age of 11 years (range 11 days to 18 years), and total follow-up of 783 patient-months. The diagnoses were cardiomyopathy ( n = 146, 73%), myocarditis ( n = 17, 9%), congenital heart disease ( n = 35, 18%) and other ( n = 2, 1%). Pulsatile-flow devices were used in 91 patients (45%) and continuous-flow devices in 109 patients (55%). Actuarial survival was 86% at 6 months. There were 418 adverse events reported. The most frequent events were device malfunction ( n = 79), infection ( n = 78), neurologic dysfunction ( n = 52) and bleeding ( n = 68). Together, these accounted for 277 events, 66% of the total. Although 38% of patients had no reported adverse event and 16% of patients had ≥5 adverse events. Adverse events occurred at all time-points after implantation, but were most likely to occur in the first 30 days. For continuous-flow devices, there were broad similarities in adverse event rates between this cohort and historic rates from the INTERMACS population. Conclusions In this study cohort, the overall rate of early adverse events (within 90 days of implantation) was 86.3 events per 100 patient-months, and of late adverse events it was 20.4 events per 100 patient-months. The most common adverse events in recipients of pulsatile VADs were device malfunction, neurologic dysfunction, bleeding and infection. For continuous-flow VADs, the most common adverse events were infection, bleeding, cardiac arrhythmia, neurologic dysfunction and respiratory failure. Compared with an adult INTERMACS cohort, the overall rate and distribution of adverse events appears similar.
Robust adaptive control of a class of nonlinearly parameterized time-varying uncertain systems

This paper presents a robust adaptive control for a class of time-varying nonlinear uncertain systems which have a fractional nonlinearly-parameterized structure. The proposed design is based on robust adaptive backstepping and neural network approximation. The unknown time-varying parameters in the fractional nonlinear functions are estimated using a smooth projection algorithm and estimation errors are robustly compensated for by the additive terms in the proposed virtual and actual controls. Neural networks are employed to approximate the completely unknown bounding functions of the disturbance terms, and their weights as well as approximation errors are adaptively tuned. It is proved that the proposed robust adaptive control can ensure the semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all the closed-loop system signals.
Wound infections and healing: Are they contributing factors for carcinogenesis?

The link between inflammation and tumourisation has long been considered as a key event in clinical cancer development. Inflammation and inflammatory diseases can be caused by many factors including infectious agents, altered genetics and various degrees of injuries from simple cuts to traumatic wounds, such as those suffered in battlefield. Improved management of all wound types is critical in protecting affected individuals against the development of tumourisation cues, which may potentially lead to cancer development. There have been numerous studies on the mechanism of inflammation-induced tumourisation. Thus, in this mini review, we summarised evidence demonstrating the potential link between infectious agents and their moonlight proteins, wounding, trauma, overactive repair mechanisms, and carcinogenesis.
Sufficiency-based filtering of invariants for Sequential Equivalence Checking

Inductive Invariants play critical roles in restricting the search space during Sequential Equivalence Checking (SEC), especially for those instances with few internal equivalent points. For large circuits, there can be too many potential invariants relating signals between the two circuits, thereby requiring much time to prove. However, we observe that a large portion of the potential invariants may not even contribute to equivalence checking. Moreover, equivalence checking can be significantly helped if there exists a method to check if a subset of potential invariants would be sufficient (e.g., whether two-nodes are enough or multi-nodes are also needed) prior to the verification step. In this paper, we address these problems and propose a sufficiency-based approach to identify useful invariants out of the initial potential invariants for SEC. Experimental results show that our approach can either demonstrate insufficiency of the invariants or select a small portion of them to successfully prove the equivalence property.
Cross-Cultural Comparative Approaches in Archaeology

▪ Abstract Cross-cultural comparative approaches have been used widely in archaeological research, yet to date none seem to have achieved their full potential. Synchronic cross-cultural comparisons have provided a number of material correlates of behavior, as well as a few causal and noncausal associations that allow behavior to be inferred from material remains. However, large areas of material culture, such as ceramics and lithics, have not yet been subject to extensive comparative analysis, and thus large areas of archaeological research that might be aided by synchronic comparative findings have been left unassisted. Diachronic cross-cultural comparisons have been used extensively to chart and analyze cultural evolution. However, these comparisons are typically based on grab-bag samples and only rarely employ statistics to aid in the discovery or testing of evolutionary patterns. New research tools providing a statistically valid sampling universe and information resources for coding archaeological da...
RF-MEMS based tunable matching network

This paper presents a tunable matching network using a double-slug tuner based on a distributed RF-MEMS transmission line (DMTL). The proposed design has a maximum voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 16:1 with the number of match points ranging from 529 at 5 GHz to 1597 at 20 GHz. Simulation results are presented in the paper.
A new approach to carcinoma of the stomach

When did Surgeons become a group whose main purpose was keeping patients comfortable? When I was a resident and young staff person, my heroes and role models were surgeons such as Claude Welch and Delos Churchill, names probably not familiar to surgeons below 50 or 60. Dr Churchill was no longer operating when I was an intern but he was when I was a 4th year student. He was extraordinarily wise and a humanist, meeting with students regularly. In my case, he would lend me one of his books and require a written report before providing another book to review. We all admired DrWelch. He had a vast practice and did 4 or 5 cases a day. True to surgeons who operated under ether, he tied larger bleeders only, an anastomosis was carried out with ‘‘fine’’ 2-0 suturesdnot toomanydso the patient was in and out. There was a lot of pus on the service, but patients survived and got a clean cancer resection. Dr Welsh hated cancer and the more extensive the resection, the better, and node resection was extensive. Then we got better anesthesia, chemotherapy, and radiation, and the treatment of cancer became multimodal and the thinking shifteddperhaps nodal resection could be less extensive and if more extensive node resection was more dangerous, radiation and chemotherapy could perhaps do better than ‘‘maiming’’ patients or leaving them impaired. ‘‘Keeping a patient comfortable’’ and with better function seemed tobecomeas important as ‘‘curing the cancer.’’Andas ‘‘cancer centers’’ proliferated, extensive resections decreased and oncologists proliferated. Fewer large series were published andwhen theywere, it was difficult to tease out the role of extensive nodal dissection in outcome, because statistically
Multigenerational Families and Mental Illness in Late Life

The popular indoor sport by academics of browsing Medline would yield little in searching for studies of aging, mental illness, and the family. The absence of a robust yield does not signify that this is an unimportant topic; rather it bespeaks a serious oversight.
Reclassifying myelodysplastic syndromes: what's where in the new WHO and why

A revision to the 4th edition of the WHO Classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), originally published in 2008, is expected in mid-2016. Based on recommendations of a Clinical Advisory Committee, the revision will aim to incorporate new discoveries in MDS that impact existing disease categories. Although the basic diagnostic principles of the WHO classification remain unchanged, several changes to the classification are proposed. All revisions are considered preliminary until the actual publication of the monograph and online document. Proposals for change include abandoning the routine use of "refractory anemia/cytopenia" in the various disease names, including the prognostic significance of gene mutations in MDS, revising the diagnostic criteria for MDS entities with ring sideroblasts based on the detection of SF3B1 mutations, modifying the cytogenetic criteria for MDS with isolated del(5q), reclassifying most cases of the erythroid/myeloid type of acute erythroleukemia, and recognizing the familial link in some cases of MDS. This review will provide details of the major proposed changes as well as rationale for the revisions.
Diagnosing blame: Responsibility and the psychopath

The diagnosis of psychopathy is controversial largely because of two notions: first, that because of their defects, psychopaths cannot understand morality, and second, that these defects should thus excuse psychopaths from moral responsibility for their actions. However, it is not clear just what is involved in understanding morality. The argument that the psychopath is ignorant of morality in the same way that one might be ignorant of facts is difficult to sustain. However, a closer examination of the psychopath's peculiar deficiencies reveals that the psychopath's understanding of mortality might be impaired in other ways.
Synergism of Methyl Bromide and Sulfuryl Fluoride Toxicity Against Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae) by Admixture with Carbon Dioxide

Toxicities of methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride in combination with CO2 were assessed against pseudergates of Incisitermes snyderi (Light) and workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Estimates of lethal accumulated doses (LAD, 20-h exposure) of methyl bromide for 99% mortality against l. snyderi were 50, 37, 28, and 28 mg-h/liter and, for sulfuryl fluoride, 45, 30, 30, and 33 ingh/liter at 0, 5, 10, and 20% CO2 (vol:vol), respectively. LAD99 values against C. formosanus with methyl bromide were 38, 32, 24, and 24 mg-h/liter and, for sulfuryl fluoride, 45, 29, 20, and 28 mg-h/liter at 0, 5, 10, and 20% CO2 (vol:vol), respectively. In general, CO2 enhanced the toxicity of methyl bromide against l. snyderi more than against C. formosanus, whereas CO2 increased the toxicity of sulfuryl fluoride against C. formosauns more than against I. snyderi. Based on LAD99 values against I. snyderi, a maximum synergism ratio (SR) of 1.8 was induced by CO2 in admixture with methyl bromide at 10 or 20% CO2, For C. fomuosanus, a maximum SR of 2.2 was attained with 10% CO2 when combined with Sulfury fluoride. These results indicate that the application rates of structural fumigants may Be reduced by the simultaneous addition of 10% CO2 into fumigated airspace.
The Hoary Bat in Eastern Kansas

Recent comments in the Journal of Mammalogy relative to the hoary bat, suggests the recording of data obtained at Lawrence, Kansas on May 10, 1933. As I was walking near the intersection of Vermont and 13th streets, I noted a specimen …
Screening and direct assessment methodology to determine the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders.

Abstract Purpose Findings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network suggest a growing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The rigorous ADDM record review methodology has provided valuable insight into the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but recent studies using alternative methods have reported significantly higher prevalence estimates. The South Carolina Children's Educational Surveillance Study (SUCCESS) was designed to determine ASD prevalence via population-based screening and direct assessment and to compare prevalence results to ADDM and administrative prevalence counts. This article provides an overview of the methods used for this study. Methods SUCCESS involved a novel (first in the United States) population-based screening approach combined with direct assessment to determine ASD prevalence. Results SUCCESS results will be compared to those obtained via records-based surveillance (ADDM) and administrative counts in the same population of children. This article describes the methods for developing and implementing SUCCESS and rationale for major decisions. Procedures used to maximize participation and accurately determine case status are discussed. Study results will be available in 2016. Conclusions Accurate reporting of ASD prevalence is important to researchers, health care providers, policy makers, and families. This study will clarify the findings of various methods used to estimate ASD prevalence.
The Faint Young Sun Problem

Geologic evidence for liquid oceans on the Earth nearly 4.5 billion years ago and astrophysical evidence for an early Sun 25% less luminous than present constitute the “Faint Young Sun” paradox. It appears that the most likely solution to this problem is higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the concentration of carbon dioxide required throughout the Hadean and Archean conflict with geologic data and would have been difficult to maintain given the reactivity of CO2 with silicates. Reduced gases have been suggested, but largely rejected because of their photochemical instability or because of implied production of an “antigreenhouse” haze. Hydrothermal production of ammonia and methane from an organic compound rich ocean (and submarine organic sediments) can solve the faint young sun problem.
Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Elderly.

Background Prior studies have not examined which cardiovascular outcomes most frequently develop in participants with atrial fibrillation (AF) from population-based cohorts of the elderly. Methods This analysis included 4,304 (85% white; 61% women) participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. AF cases were identified at baseline and as time-updated events during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to compute the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative incidence rates of the following outcomes: coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and ischemic stroke. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between AF and each outcome. Results For all time periods, the cumulative incidence estimates of CHD, MI, heart failure, and ischemic stroke were higher for those with AF compared with those without AF. Heart failure was the most frequent outcome in those with AF, while CHD events were the most frequently detected outcome in participants without AF. Compared with persons who did not have AF, the risk of heart failure was higher in those with AF (HR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.78–3.64), and the magnitude of this association was greater than the other outcomes of interest (CHD: HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.54–2.03; MI: 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14–1.71; ischemic stroke: HR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.63–2.39). Conclusions AF is associated with several adverse cardiovascular outcomes and heart failure is the most frequently detected event. Potentially, risk factor modification strategies for the primary prevention of heart failure will reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with AF.
Inertial destabilization of highly viscous microfluidic stratifications

The formation and stability of viscous stratifications made between miscible fluids are experimentally investigated in square microchannels. The authors characterize the appearance and dynamics of traveling interfacial waves, which offer useful features for implementing in-line mixing procedures between highly viscous fluids in microfluidic systems.
Telerehabilitation Interface Strategies for Enhancing Access to Health Services for Persons with Diverse Abilities and Preferences

This chapter extends a prior classification scheme for tele-encounters, with the purpose of applying it to human factors and accessibility analysis of electronic and information technology interfaces that are commonly used for telerehabilitation applications. A novel framework is proposed for developing technical guidelines for teleinterfaces that would lead to more equitable access to telerehabilitation (and more generally, telehealth) services for persons with diverse abilities and preferences.
Graphics Processor Unit (GPU) Accelerated Shallow Transparent Layer Detection in Optical Coherence Tomographic (OCT) Images for Real-Time Corneal Surgical Guidance

An image analysis algorithm is described that utilizes a Graphics Processor Unit (GPU) to detect in real-time the most shallow subsurface tissue layer present in an OCT image obtained by a prototype SDOCT corneal imaging system. The system has a scanning depth range of 6mm and can acquire 15 volumes per second at the cost of lower resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than diagnostic OCT scanners. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to experiment with non-median percentile filtering for simultaneous noise reduction and feature enhancement in OCT images, and we believe we are the first to implement any form of non-median percentile filtering on a GPU. The algorithm was applied to five different test images. On an average, it took ~0.5 milliseconds to preprocess an image with a 20th-percentile filter, and ~1.7 milliseconds for our second-stage algorithm to detect the faintly imaged transparent surface.
Lymphopenia, Infectious Complications, and Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Lymphopenia is increasingly recognized as a consequence of acute illness and may predispose to infections. We investigated whether admission lymphopenia (AL) is associated with increased risk of infectious complications and poor outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of ICH patients ascertained between 1994 and 2015. We identified subjects with lymphocyte count obtained within 24 h from onset, and AL was defined as lymphocyte count <1000/μL. Infectious complications were assessed through retrospective chart review. Association between AL, infections, and mortality was investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Of the 2014 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 548 (27.2%) had AL and 605 (30.0%) developed an infectious complication. Case-fatality at 90 days was 36.9%. Patients with AL had larger hematoma volumes, higher frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage, and lower Glasgow Coma Scale score on presentation (all p < 0.001). AL was independently associated with increased risk of pneumonia [odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–2.58, p < 0.001] and multiple infections (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.24–2.71, p = 0.003). AL was also an independent predictor of 90-day mortality (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18–2.04, p = 0.002) after adjusting for confounders. AL is common in ICH patients and independently associated with increased risk of infectious complications and poor outcome. Further studies will be needed to determine whether prophylactic antibiotics in ICH patients with AL can improve outcome.
In Memoriam Blair F. Jones (1934–2014)

![Figure][1] Blair F. Jones, our friend, colleague, and mentor, died on Sunday, March 30, 2014, at peace and surrounded by his family, following a stroke. Blair was a long-time member of The Clay Minerals Society, dating back to the late 1960s, and was a Sustaining Member. In addition to serving on numerous committees over the decades, he was also President of the Society in 2002. Blair is widely recognized as a pioneer in the interdisciplinary investigation of earth-surface processes in mineralogy and geochemistry. Blair was one of the leading forces in developing and applying the first numerical codes to model chemical thermodynamics in surface and groundwater systems. Blair continued to contribute to these efforts over the years, and the WATEQ code that he helped develop lies at the heart of today’s numerical modeling software such as PHREEQC. These codes are used by investigators worldwide to describe the speciation and thermodynamic state of fluids with respect to solid phases. After his profound initial contributions, Blair continued to … [1]: pending:yes
Nonlinear Term Selection and Parameter Estimation in the Identification of Nonlinear Reduced Order State Space Models

Abstract This paper presents a general methodology for the development of Nonlinear Low Order Models (NLLOM) from data collected from detailed nonlinear simulation models. This methodology is divided into two tasks: development of a Average Linear Low Order Model (ALLOM) and augmentation of the ALLOM to form a NLLOM, the latter task being the focus of this paper. The tools examined for the nonlinear augmentation of the ALLOM include stepwise regression and nonlinear optimization. Results will be presented for the application of these techniques towards the development of an NLLOM from a detailed high purity distillation simulation.
Using resistive readout to probe ultrafast dynamics of a plasmonic sensor

Surface plasmons in a DC current lead to an increase in scattering processes, resulting in a measurable increase in electrical resistance of a plasmonic nano-grating. This enables a purely electronic readout of plasmonically mediated optical absorption. We show that there is a time-dependence in these resistance changes on the order of 100ps that we attribute to electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering processes in the metal of the nano-gratings. Since plasmonic responses are strongly structurally dependent, an appropriately designed plasmoelectronic detector could potentially offer an extremely fast response at communication wavelengths in a fully CMOS compatible system.
Generalising About Ovid

The aim of this essay is to confront some ageing generalisations about Ovid which seem to have survived the latest close readings of his poetry intact. Most of the critics who have recently been casting new light on particular poems and passages have been too cautious to use their very specific findings to call explicitly into question long-established overviews of the Ovidian oeuvre. However, an attempt of some kind should be made. Today's generalisation is nothing more than an accretion of yesterday's particular readings; and reassessment of it can come only when it is tested against a new generation of particular readings. My focus, therefore, will be on specifics, but with an untimid eye towards overviews.A like absence of timidity will also be found in my specifics themselves. Writers of ‘general’ articles tend to eschew difficult or controversial interpretations of particular passages, lest some overall balance in their presentation of an author be upset. I shall have few such qualms: one of my aims is precisely to destabilise — however slightiy — the terms of reference within which Ovidian poetry is usually read. Indeed, I shall risk beginning with what will probably be the most controversial reading in my essay.
A theory of jointness and infeasibility of exclusion

ing from distributional considerations, the term "ideal cooperation" can be viewed as being synonymous with "Pareto optimality.As is well known by economists, one cause of failure to achieve Pareto optimality is the existence of monopoly elements. Monopolistic firms maximize profits by producing at a level of output for which marginal social benefits (price) are greater than marginal social cost, so that social wants are greater than private supplies. ^Pareto optimality is defined as a position from which it is impossible, by any reallocation of factors, to improve JLi. 1 ^ _ T" . -* . • • .1 . . _ * ,4 . * • uiic wcxjLcixc uj. eit xeast. xiiuxvxuuax wxuiiouc iieiriuxiig any other individual.
Women's decision making for postpartum sterilization: does the Medicaid waiting period add value?

Abstract Objectives Currently, patients with federally funded insurance are required to sign a sterilization consent form (SCF) at least 30 days prior to sterilization, while privately insured patients are not. Although this policy was designed to protect the reproductive rights of vulnerable populations, it has had the unintended effect of creating a disparity in access to an effective contraceptive method. Our qualitative study aims to clarify the decision-making process surrounding postpartum sterilization and assess if patients perceive that the SCF adds value. Study design We interviewed 25 women who underwent postpartum sterilization procedures, 10 with private insurance and 15 with Medicaid. Topics discussed included reproductive history, reason for choosing sterilization, decision-making timeline and value of the SCF. We transcribed and coded the interviews and identified themes. Results Participant responses indicated that decision-making processes were similar between patients with private insurance and those with Medicaid. For most women, the decision to undergo sterilization took place over the course of their reproductive lives. Participants expressed that nonbiased provider counseling, autonomy and information from other women were helpful to their decision making. Most subjects felt that the SCF might benefit other women but did not/would not affect their own decision making. Conclusions We did not find evidence suggesting that women with private insurance and women with Medicaid should be subjected to disparate restrictions on sterilization based on differences in decision-making processes. Characteristics of the decision-making process that women value, which in this population did not include the SCF, should be prioritized. Implications Given the potential negative consequences associated with the SCF including its disproportionate burden on women of low socioeconomic status, the lack of value added to the decision-making process for postpartum sterilization reported by our participants provides further evidence for reevaluation of the policy.
Creative Industries: Situating Systems of Artistic Production and Consumption

Creative industries are deeply rooted and embedded in their location. This situated character is the main contribution of this policy concept to the trajectory of the book in pursuing an understanding of how arts connect with a place. This chapter begins with an examination of the production of culture by emphasizing its three aspects: industrial system, social context, and location. The following brief history shows the problematic use of the term creative industries and how the conversation about this concept has spread around the world. The key themes emerging from the international literature focus on the characteristics of a location that attract creative firms and workers; the characteristics of creative industries that set them apart from other industries; the prominence of the technology and innovation industries; and an overview of creative workers are. Moving into the American context, this chapter examines how nonprofit advocacy, federal funding disbursed through state agencies, and copyright and contract law are the major forces shaping the debate. I also underscore how at the local level the concept has not been thoroughly used yet. A case study concludes the chapter exploring the embeddedness of economic and symbolic values in Miami, Florida.
Conquest: A Distributed Tool for Constructing Summaries of High-Dimensional Discrete Attribute Data Sets.

The problem of constructing bounded-error summaries of binary attributed data of very high dimensions is an important and difficult one. These summaries enable more expensive analysis techniques to be applied efficiently with little loss in accuracy. Recent work in this area has resulted in the use of discrete linear algebraic transforms to construct such summaries efficiently. This paper addresses the problem of constructing summaries of distributed datasets. Specifically, the problem can be stated as follows: given a set of n discrete attributed vectors distributed across p sites, construct a summary of k << n vectors such that each of the input vectors is within given bounded distance from some output vector. In addition to being algorithmically efficient (i.e., must do no more work than corresponding serial algorithm), the distributed formulation must have low parallelization overheads. We present here, CONQUEST, a tool that achieves excellent performance and scalability for summarizing distributed datasets. In contrast to traditional parallel techniques that distribute the kernel operations, CONQUEST uses a less aggressive parallel formulation that relies on the principle of sampling to reduce communication overhead while maintaining high accuracy. Specifically, each individual site computes its local patterns independently. Various sites cooperate within dynamically orchestrated workgroups to construct consensus patters from these local patterns. Individual sites then decide to participate in the consensus or leave the group. Experimental results on a set of Intel Xeon servers demonstrate that this strategy is capable of excellent performance in terms of compression time, ratio, and accuracy with respect to postprocessing tasks. The communication overhead associated with CONQUEST is also shown to be minimal, making it ideally suited to wide-area deployment. keywords: distributed data mining, compressing binary attributed vectors, non-orthogonal matrix decompositions, correlations in high dimensions.
Self-administration of benzodiazepine and cocaine combinations by male and female rhesus monkeys in a choice procedure: role of α1 subunit-containing GABA A receptors.

Compounds lacking efficacy at the α1 subunit–containing GABAA (α1GABAA) receptor appear to have reduced abuse potential compared with those having measurable efficacy at this receptor, though their self-administration in nonhuman primates is dependent upon past drug experience. We used a drug vs. drug choice procedure to evaluate the hypothesis that L-838,417, a compound lacking efficacy at αGABAA receptors, would not enhance cocaine choice in monkeys trained to self-administer cocaine. We also hypothesized that zolpidem, a compound with preferential modulation of ⍺1GABAA receptors and midazolam, a nonselective benzodiazepine, would enhance cocaine choice in this procedure. One female and three male rhesus monkeys chose between cocaine alone (0.1 mg/kg/injection) vs. the same dose of cocaine combined with midazolam (0.003–0.1 mg/kg/injection), zolpidem (0.003–0.3 mg/kg/injection), or L-838-417 (0.01–0.1 mg/kg/injection). In addition, we evaluated choice between saline and L-838,417 at select doses to determine whether L-838,417 would function as a reinforcer on its own. Consistent with our hypotheses, midazolam- and zolpidem-cocaine mixtures were chosen over cocaine alone at sufficiently high doses. However, L-838,417-cocaine mixtures also were chosen over cocaine alone in three of four subjects with at least one dose. When available alone vs. saline, L-838,417 did not function as a reinforcer in any subject. Compounds that lack efficacy at α1GABAA receptors may have low abuse potential compared to classic benzodiazepines, but self-administration of these compounds is context-dependent.
Lifetime Absolute Calibration of the EO-1 Hyperion Sensor and its Validation

The Earth-Observing One Hyperion sensor was decommissioned on March 20, 2017. Analysis of Libya 4 Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICSs) image data acquired from 2004 to final decommissioning indicated statistically significant drifts in sensor response in the bands 8 to 16 (426.82, 436.99, 447.17, 457.34, 467.52, 477.69, 487.87, 498.04, and 508.22 nm) and bands 206 (2213.93 nm), 209 (2244.22 nm), and 210 (2254.22 nm). The estimated yearly drift in these bands ranges between −0.136% and −0.049%. After correction accounting for the estimated drift, the absolute radiometric calibration of the sensor was evaluated through vicarious reflectance-based calibrations performed at the South Dakota State University (SDSU) test site and the Radiometric Calibration Network (RadCalNet) Railroad Valley site using data from 2002 to 2015. Calibration correction coefficients including gain as much as 1.40 and bias as large as 0.132 were found except absorption bands (890–980, 1090–1180, 1305–1520, and 1750–2050 nm). Finally, the yearly drift and calibration correction coefficients were validated by comparison of the banded multispectral Hyperion data after any significant drift and calibration coefficient correction with Landsat 7 data. The validation showed that after drift and calibration coefficient correction, there is no significant gain and bias using different test sites at different signal levels. The drift and calibration correction coefficients of each band are provided in this paper.
A polymer-based technique to remove pollutants from soft contact lenses.

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate an alternative to the rinse and rub (RR) method for cleaning pollutants from the exterior surface of soft contact lenses. This proposed technique is termed Polymer on Polymer Pollutant Removal (PoPPR), which utilizes the elastic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to physically remove contaminants from contact lens surfaces through non-adhesive unpeeling. Methods Three different ratios of setting agent to polymer PDMS (1:30, 1:40, and 1:50) were evaluated using the PoPPR method against the control method of RR with a commercial multi-purpose lens cleaning solution. Three simulated pollutants of different sizes: pollen (25−40 μm), microbeads (1−5 μm), and nanoparticles (5−10 nm), were used to test the effectiveness of both cleaning methods. The fraction of pollutants removed from each contact lens was recorded and evaluated for significance. Results PDMS 1:40 was found to be the optimal ratio for lens cleaning using the PoPPR method. For larger particles (>10 μm), no difference was observed between conventional RR and proposed PoPPR method (p > 0.05). However, the new PoPPR technique was significantly better at removing small PM2.5 particles ( Conclusion This proof-of-concept work demonstrates that the PoPPR method of cleaning contact lenses is as effective as the conventional cleaning method for larger particles such as pollen. The PoPPR method is more effective at removing extremely fine particulate pollutants, including microplastics and nanoparticles. This method offers a potentially more efficient cleaning protocol that could enhance the safety, health, and comfort of contact lens users, especially those living in regions with significant air pollution.