cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Relationships Between Rectal Normal Tissue Complication Probability and the Portion of Seminal Vesicles Included in the Clinical Target Volume in Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose To compare dose–volume consequences of the inclusion of various portions of the seminal vesicles (SVs) in the clinical target volume (CTV) in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with prostate cancer. Methods and Materials For 10 patients with prostate cancer, three matched IMRT plans were generated, including 1 cm, 2 cm, or the entire SVs (SV1, SV2, or SVtotal, respectively) in the CTV. Prescription dose (79.2 Gy) and IMRT planning were according to the high-dose arm of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0126 protocol. We compared plans for percentage of rectal volume receiving minimum doses of 60–80 Gy and for rectal normal tissue complication probability (NTCP[R]). Results There was a detectable increase in rectal dose in SV2 and SVtotal compared with SV1. The magnitude of difference between plans was modest in the high-dose range. In 2 patients, there was underdosing of the planning target volume (PTV) because of constraints on rectal dose in the SVtotal plans. All other plans were compliant with RTOG 0126 protocol requirements. Mean NTCP(R) increased from 14% to 17% and 18% for SV1, SV2, and SV total, respectively. The NTCP(R) correlated with the size of PTV-rectum volume overlap (Pearson's r = 0.86; p Conclusions Doubling (1 to 2 cm) or comprehensively increasing (1 cm to full SVs) SV volume included in the CTV for patients with prostate IMRT is achievable in the majority of cases without exceeding RTOG dose–volume limits or underdosing the PTV and results in only a moderate increase in NTCP(R).
HP1 promotes tumor suppressor BRCA1 functions during the DNA damage response

The DNA damage response (DDR) involves both the control of DNA damage repair and signaling to cell cycle checkpoints. Therefore, unraveling the underlying mechanisms of the DDR is important for understanding tumor suppression and cellular resistance to clastogenic cancer therapeutics. Because the DDR is likely to be influenced by chromatin regulation at the sites of DNA damage, we investigated the role of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) during the DDR process. We monitored double-strand breaks (DSBs) using the γH2AX foci marker and found that depleting cells of HP1 caused genotoxic stress, a delay in the repair of DSBs and elevated levels of apoptosis after irradiation. Furthermore, we found that these defects in repair were associated with impaired BRCA1 function. Depleting HP1 reduced recruitment of BRCA1 to DSBs and caused defects in two BRCA1-mediated DDR events: (i) the homologous recombination repair pathway and (ii) the arrest of cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint. In contrast, depleting HP1 from cells did not affect the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway: instead it elevated the recruitment of the 53BP1 NHEJ factor to DSBs. Notably, all three subtypes of HP1 seemed to be almost equally important for these DDR functions. We suggest that the dynamic interaction of HP1 with chromatin and other DDR factors could determine DNA repair choice and cell fate after DNA damage. We also suggest that compromising HP1 expression could promote tumorigenesis by impairing the function of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor.
Genetic variants of the hemostatic system and development of transplant coronary artery disease.

Abstract Background The occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD) after heart transplantation may represent an accelerated inflammatory and thrombotic response to coronary vascular endothelial cell injury. Several common mutations involving hemostasis and cellular adhesion proteins have been associated with genetic susceptibility to native coronary heart disease. The clinical setting of heart transplantation provides a unique opportunity to examine the relative contribution of circulating (i.e., recipient) vs local vascular (i.e., donor) hemostatic components to the occurrence of CAD. Methods We performed genotyping for several common hemostatic polymorphisms among 53 cardiac transplant patients and their heart donors. Patients were observed for an average of 43 months, and the presence of transplant CAD was determined by coronary angiography. Results The development of transplant CAD did not relate to recipient hemostatic genotype, but 2 donor polymorphisms (PAI-1 4G/5G and α 2 integrin C807T) were important predictors of transplant CAD. The risk ratio (RR) of transplant CAD associated with donor PAI-1 4G/4G genotype was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–6.2) and was modified by recipient cytomegalovirus status, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and recipient factor XIII Val34Leu genotype. The RR of transplant CAD associated with donor α 2 integrin 807 T/T genotype was 7.4 (95% CI, 2.5–22.0). Conclusions Genetic and metabolic factors contributed by both donor and recipient may interact at the level of the coronary vessel wall in the development of transplant-associated CAD, and this finding may provide additional support for the importance of local thrombotic response to endothelial injury in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
THE INSTABILITY OF RADIATIVE FLOWS : FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE TO THE EDDINGTON LUMINOSITY LIMIT

Abstract We show that hydrodynamic instabilities arise when a radiative flux is present. These instabilities can be extremely important in various astrophysical settings that at first glance appear to be completely unrelated. Radiatively supported atmospheres as well as the early universe during the time of recombination can exhibit unstable acoustic modes that under certain conditions grow on a short enough time scale as to change the gross behavior of the systems. Atmospheric properties such as the effective opacity as well as the Eddington luminosity limit can change, and phenomena such as the formation of small-scale structure can take place in the early universe.
Determination of the absorption coefficient of a real semiconductor film: Application to ZnSe

Abstract The absorption coefficient of a real semiconductor film is considered with surface and volume imperfections taken into account. As an example an analysis is performed using the experimental data for thin ZnSe films. The absorption coefficient of these films is computed from reflectance and transmittance data at normal incidence and is also calculated by means of the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations for normal incidence reflectance.
Against the Wind: Bargaining Recentralisation and Wage Inequality in Norway 1987–91

In the late 1980s, Norway's labour market experienced similar supply and demand shifts for skills to other countries', but unlike other OECD nations, Norway's wage setting system became more centralised. The pay distribution in Norway became more compressed at the bottom from 1987 to 1991, while low wage workers in other countries lost ground relatively. Using Norwegian microdata for 1987 and 1991, I found that changing labour market prices helped cause this wage compression. Further, the less educated had declining relative overall employment but increasing relative public sector employment, both possible labour market responses to the wage compression
In vitro side-view imaging technique and analysis of human T-leukemic cell adhesion to ICAM-1 in shear flow

The objective of the present study is to apply a novel side-view imaging technique to investigate T-leukemic Jurkat cell adhesion to a surface-immobilized ICAM-1 in shear flow, a ligand for leukocyte LFA-1. Images have revealed that Jurkat cell adhesion on ICAM-1 under flow conditions in vitro is quasistatic. The cell-substrate contact length steadily increased with time during the initial cell attachment to the ICAM-1-coated surface and subsequently decreased with time as the trailing edge of the cell membrane peeled away from the substrate under the influence of fluid shear forces. Changes in flow shear stresses, cell deformability, or substrate ligand strength resulted in a significant change in the characteristic adhesion binding time and contact length. A 3-D flow field with shear stresses acting on an adherent cell was calculated by using finite element methods based on cell shapes obtained from the in vitro images. The maximum shear stress acting on an actual cell body was found to be 3-5 times greater than the upstream inlet wall shear stress and was influenced by the extent of cell deformation within the flow channel. Therefore, the application of such a side-view imaging technique has provided a practical assay to study the mechanics of cell-surface adhesion in 3-D. The elongation of cells in shear flow tempers hydrodynamic shear forces on the cell, which affects the transients in cell-surface adhesion.
Bone formation by three‐dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds

Bone formation was investigated in vitro by culturing stromal osteoblasts in three-dimensional (3-D), biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) foams. Three polymer foam pore sizes, ranging from 150-300, 300-500, and 500-710 microns, and two different cell seeding densities, 6.83 x 10(5) cells/cm2 and 22.1 x 10(5) cells/cm2, were examined over a 56-day culture period. The polymer foams supported the proliferation of seeded osteoblasts as well as their differentiated function, as demonstrated by high alkaline phosphatase activity and deposition of a mineralized matrix by the cells. Cell number, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition increased significantly over time for all the polymer foams. Osteoblast foam constructs created by seeding 6.83 x 10(5) cells/cm2 on foams with 300-500 microns pores resulted in a cell density of 4.63 x 10(5) cells/cm2 after 1 day in culture; they had alkaline phosphatase activities of 4.28 x 10(-7) and 2.91 x 10(-6) mumol/cell/min on Days 7 and 28, respectively; and they had a cell density that increased to 18.7 x 10(5) cells/cm2 by Day 56. For the same constructs, the mineralized matrix reached a maximum penetration depth of 240 microns from the top surface of the foam and a value of 0.083 mm for mineralized tissue volume per unit of cross sectional area. Seeding density was an important parameter for the constructs, but pore size over the range tested did not affect cell proliferation or function. This study suggests the feasibility of using poly(alpha-hydroxy ester) foams as scaffolding materials for the transplantation of autogenous osteoblasts to regenerate bone tissue.
Classification of temporomandibular joint sounds based upon their reduced interference distribution.

summary Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds were recorded in 98 orthodontic retention patients, mean age 19 ± 8–6 (s.d.) years, by interview, auscultation and electronic recording. Sounds were found by auscultation in 41% and by interview in 32% of the subjects, more often in females than in males (P ≤ 0.05). A new method for time-frequency analysis, the reduced interference distribution (RID), was used to classify the electronic sound recordings into five subclasses, RID types 1–5, based upon location and number of their energy peaks. RID types 1–3 had a few energy peaks close in time. RID types 4–5, typical of subjects with crepitation, had multiple energy peaks occurring close in time for a period of 20–300 ms. RID type 1, found in 45% of the subjects, typical of patients with clicking, had its dominant energy peak located in a frequency range ≤600 Hz and was significantly more common in the female than in the male subjects (P≤ 0.01). RID type 2, found in 68% of the subjects, with the dominant peak in the range 600–1200 Hz, and RID type 3, found in 38% of the subjects, with the peak in the frequency range >1200 Hz, were found to have a similar gender distribution. RID type 4, found in 49% of the subjects, had the energy peaks distributed in the frequency range ≤600 Hz. RID type 5, found in 43% of the subjects, more often in females than in males (P≤ 0.05), had the peaks distributed over the whole frequency range from about 30 Hz up to about 3000 Hz. In conclusion, a more detailed classification could be made of the TMJ sounds by displaying the RIDs than by auscultation. This suggests that RID classification methods may provide a means for differentiating sounds indicating different types of pathology.
A RESPONSE TO DR. STRENSKI

There is something extravangantly but wastefully chivalrous about Ivan Strenski's uncommonly vitriolic commentary on the report concerning the St. Louis Project (see his "Our Very Own 'Contras,' "Journal of American Academy of Religion, Summer, 1986, pp. 323-335). Strenski takes a number of us to task-primarily Laurence O'Connell, William May and me-because we make lots of mistakes when thinking about relationships between theology and religious studies. He believes that all of us intend a kind of "re-theologizing" of the academic study of religion. He even suspects that we hope someday to be able "to do theology" and not only to study about it. He offers that we "were never really convinced of the value of secular religious studies in the first place." Our objective, he asserts, is similar to that of "the contras." We are combative in wanting to overturn the emancipatory work of the real and trustworthy revolutionaries who, now about twenty years ago, "emancipated" religious studies from theology. My initial reaction-goodness, gracious-was to suspect that some parcels had gotten mixed in the mail, that Strenski had been reading about some program other than the one that was being discussed at St. Louis University. For, contrary to what he wants to believe, it can be argued forcefully that the fundamental achievement of the St. Louis Project was a kind of "emancipation" of religious studies. But the language of oppressors, colonizers, revolutionaries, contras, and the like is hardly appropriate. Somehow Strenski missed the story; and because he did, he inserted some other story's plot. A revivification of theological studies, under a religious studies banner, was not what was intended at St. Louis University. On the contrary, this Jesuit institution, with a long and distinguished record in theology, was reaching for the instrumentation to add a religious studies component to its undergraduate curriculum, and in ways that are congruent with the school's institutional identity.
Is there A malignant freckle

The malignant freckle diagnosis is best suited to the clinical pattern of an indolent facial pigmented lesion of the elderly. The histopathology of such tumors is variable and not diagnostic. The use of the histopathologic diagnosis of malignant freckle is not advised, especially in extrafacial lesions, where its unjustifiable implied good prognosis is misleading. These conclusions are based on a review of 23 cases of so-called malignant freckle diagnosed pathologically at Presbyterian Hospital. Of the 18 extrafacial lesions studied 17 proved on “second look” to be invasive malignant melanoma. The 5 facial lesions, despite their clinical similarities, demonstrated variable pathology.
Cage activity in the Virginia opossum

Cage activity of four Virginia opossums was measured twice daily (morning and night) under six levels of ambient illumination (dark, less than 1, 2.5, 5, 25, 50 ft-c). Analysis of variance indicated that the Ss were significantly more active under the three lower levels of illumination than under the three higher ones and were significantly more active at night than in the daytime. In addition the Illumination by Time of Day variable was significant. This interaction between environmental stimuli and phases of the circadian rhythm cycle is discussed in terms of Bindra’s hypothesized inverted U-shaped curve relating physiological arousal and performance.
BAC as tools for genome sequencing

Abstract Genome sequencing represents the state-of-the-art technology for large-scale gene discovery, cloning and decoding. Bacteria-based large-insert clones, including bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), bacteriophage P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) and large-insert conventional plasmid-based clone (PBC), are desirable resources and have offered numerous potentials for accelerated sequencing of large, complex genomes. They are not only capable of cloning large DNA fragments of complex genomes (> 100 kb) in bacteria, but also are stable in host cells, have low levels of chimeric clones and facilitate DNA purification. These features of bacteria-based large-insert clones, especially the simplicity of DNA purification, have greatly facilitated their use in current genomics research and large-scale genome sequencing. In this article, we introduce BACs, PACs and PBCs as the tools for the development of sequence-ready clone-based physical maps and the large-scale sequencing of large complex genomes. We review the genome sequencing of Drosophila melanogaster , Arabidopsis thaliana and human in which BACs and PACs are utilized as major tools. Finally, the perspectives of BACs, PACs and PBCs as tools for large-scale sequencing of large, complex genomes will be discussed.
Multitarget tracking in complex visual environment

In this paper we present a new particle filter based multi-target tracking method incorporating Gaussian Process Dynamical Model (GPDM) to improve robustness in multi-target tracking on complex motion patterns. With the Particle Filter Gaussian Process Dynamical Model (PFGPDM), a high-dimensional training target trajectory dataset of the observation space is projected to a low-dimensional latent space through Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA), which will then be used to classify test object trajectories, predict the next motion state, and provide Gaussian process dynamical samples for the particle filter. In addition, histogram- Bhartacharyya and GMM Kullback-Leibler are employed respectively, and compared in the particle filter as complimentary features to coordinate data used in GPDM. Experimental tests are conducted on the PETS2007 benchmark dataset. The test results demonstrate that the approach can track more than four targets with reasonable run-time overhead and good performance.
Ballon d’occlusion aortique placé au lit pour contrôler une fistule aorto-œsophagienne rompue chez un enfant

Une enfant avait un tube endoscopique percutane de gastrostomie enleve en le sectionnant transversalement au niveau de peau. On avait laisse la partie interne (« la quille ») passer dans le tube GI. Elle a par la suite eu une odynophagie. L’imagerie en resonance magnetique identifiait un corps etranger dans l’œsophage thoracique inferieur. Pendant l’œsophagoscope, la quille a ete enlevee. Le matin suivant, elle a eu une hematemese massive avec defaillance cardio-vasculaire. Comme manœuvre d’urgence, un ballon intra-aortique a ete deploye par voie percutanee au chevet sans controle fluoroscopique. Ceci a interrompu l’exsanguination. L’aortographie peroperatoire confirmait une fistule aortoesophagienne. Un stentgraft a ete deploye avec stabilisation hemodynamique immediate. Elle a ensuite eu une resection œsophagienne et a gueri.
Academic achievement and popularity in low-socioeconomic status black children

The literature suggests that popularity may have different correlates depending on the ethnic, racial, and/or socioeconomic characteristics of the peer group. This study therefore investigated the relationship between peer popularity and academic achievement in low-socioeconomic status urban black children, a population in which this relationship had not previously been examined. Two hundred ninety-six children in grades 4, 6, and 8 completed three sociometric rating scales, indicating the popularity of each of their same-sex classmates as a workmate, playmate, and best friend. These ratings were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance in which gender and academic achievement (high vs. low achievement test scores) were factors. Consistent with previous research, high achievement was associated with greater popularity as a workmate for an academic task at all three grade levels examined. Popularity as a playmate and as a best friend, however, was inversely related to achievement among fourth graders and unrelated to achievement among eighth graders. These findings suggest that, although high achievement may be recognized for its adaptive value in a work-related context, it may actually be something of a social liability among younger children choosing partners for social and athletic activities. The results support a conceptualization of popularity as a multidimensional construct and highlight the importance of the use of multiple measures.
Total skin-sparing mastectomy without preservation of the nipple-areola complex.

Abstract Background We hypothesized that total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSM) including where the skin overlying the nipple and areola is preserved would be oncologically safe and facilitate improved cosmetic reconstruction. Methods A review (May 2003 through January 2005) was completed on all procedures that were performed through an inframammary incision or a previous scar with reconstruction using Botox, AlloDerm, and a subpectoral tissue implant. Results Thirty-one patients had 50 TSMs. Twelve percent (6/50) of TSMs had the skin of the nipple and areola resected: 4 (14% of tumors) because of tumor involvement and 2 (4%) because of skin necrosis. Fourteen percent of patients had other complications: 4% (2/50) had infection and/or flap necrosis and 10% (5/50) had superficial epidermolysis requiring no intervention, for a total complication rate of 18%. Average cosmetic score was 8.5 (range 4 to 10). No recurrences are evident after mean follow-up of 7.9 ± 5.4 months. Conlusion Our short-term experience suggests that TSM has an acceptable complication rate, is theoretically oncologically safe, and facilitates an improved cosmetic result.
Hydrate formation from gaseous CO2 and water

Economics of creating CO_2 hydrate on a large scale favor use of gaseous rather than liquid CO_2 as input to the production process. We accordingly studied systems using deionized water and CO_2 gas to reduce formation pressures and costs of hydrate production to the greatest extent possible. Three research avenues were explored: utilization of hysteresis effects, use of dissolved Snomax (a protein from the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae), and development of a continuous flow reactor (cfr) utilizing vigorous mixing of water and CO_2 gas. Hysteresis effects produced pressure reductions of 14−50%. We demonstrated a method of transferring benefits from the hysteresis effect to a CO_2 water mixture that had not yet undergone hydrate formation. Snomax at 10 ppm by weight produced about a 5% reduction in hydrate formation pressure. We designed and operated a prototype cfr with partial success at producing CO_2 hydrate. The hydrate phase diagram is based on hydrate decomposition pressures and should not be used as an indicator of formation pressures.
Medial orbital frontal lesions in late-onset depression.

Abstract Background: Early studies using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging suggested that subcortical vascular changes are more prevalent in late-life depression and that they may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Studying the location of the lesion relative to the occurrence of depression could be critical in delineating the neuroanatomic substrates of depression. Our purpose was to characterize these lesions in terms of location by development of statistical parametric maps of lesions that differentiate patients from control subjects. Methods: Magnetic resonance images were acquired on 88 elderly depressed subjects ("patients," unipolar major depression assessed using the Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule, age range 63–80 years) enrolled in the Duke University Clinical Research Center for the Study of Late-Life Depression and 47 age- and gender-matched nondepressed subjects ("control subjects"). The MR protocol includes a volumetric, dual-contrast fast spin–echo pulse sequence. A statistical parametric map was formed from a two-group t test to test for differences in lesion density between patients and control subjects. Additional testing was performed to evaluate whether there were regions that correlated with the severity of depression using the 17-item Hamilton Depression rating. Results: The statistical parametric mapping analysis between groups showed two major regions of increased lesion density in the patients in the medial orbital prefrontal white matter. Severity of depression among depressed patients was correlated with lesions in the medial orbital region. Conclusions: This study supports recent evidence implicating the medial orbital frontal cortex in depression.
High spectral resolution lidar to measure optical scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols. 2: Calibration and data analysis

The high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measures optical properties of atmospheric aerosols by interferometrically separating the elastic aerosol backscatter from the Doppler broadened molecular contribution. Calibration and data analysis procedures developed for the HSRL are described. Data obtained during flight evaluation testing of the HSRL system are presented with estimates of uncertainties due to instrument calibration. HSRL measurements of the aerosol scattering cross section are compared with in situ integrating nephelometer measurements.
Remotely sensed pre- and post-disaster images for damage detection

This study proposes a method to utilize the satellite, aerial and other remotely sensed pre- and post-disaster imagery data to perform geometric modeling and correlational analysis on the reconstructed models in order to detect the change associated, for example, with major regional and/or individual structural damage. Correlational analysis often fails to detect structural damage when only input images are utilized, especially if images are acquired under different illumination conditions. In fact, automatic detection in such cases becomes extremely challenging since making distinction of change due to structural damage from that associated with the difference in the illumination condition is extremely difficult. Many researchers have tackled this difficulty and proposed some methods of solutions including recursive hypothesis testing procedure. Although these methods provide a very useful basis for change detection, their applications are not universally successful for a variety of reasons. In order to achieve the required level of accuracy for the proposed application and locate the site of detected damage, it is proposed to use available GIS maps to register remotely sensed images. It is further necessary that a user-assisted three-dimensional model be reconstructed and correlational analysis performed. The algorithm performs successfully for change detection. However, issue of occlusion remains as a challenge that requires further investigation.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Deep creep as a cause for the excess seismicity along the San Jacinto fault

Earthquakes are far more common along the San Jacinto fault in California than the nearby southern San Andreas fault. An analysis of seismic and geodetic data suggests that the excess seismicity along the San Jacinto fault is due to a creeping motion along the deeper parts of the fault.
Frequency of superordinate responses to a word association test as a function of age

Summary Frequency of superordinate responses of 250 males and 250 females in grades 4–8, 10 and 12, and 500 males and females in college on the Kent-Rosanoff word-association test were tabulated. Results indicated that the frequency of superordinate responses increased from grade 4 to 6 and then steadily decreased to the college level. Males tended to give more superordinate responses than females. Frequency of superordinate responses was greater in the fourth- and fifth-grade sample obtained than in a comparable sample in 1916. The data suggest that the logical analysis of language in terms of a simple relationship between the use of superordinates and level of maturity is not supported.
Molecular Insights into DNA Polymerase Deterrents for Ribonucleotide Insertion

DNA polymerases can misinsert ribonucleotides that lead to genomic instability. DNA polymerase β discourages ribonucleotide insertion with the backbone carbonyl of Tyr-271; alanine substitution of Tyr-271, but not Phe-272, resulted in a >10-fold loss in discrimination. The Y271A mutant also inserted ribonucleotides more efficiently than wild type on a variety of ribonucleoside (rNMP)-containing DNA substrates. Substituting Mn(2+) for Mg(2+) decreased sugar discrimination for both wild-type and mutant enzymes primarily by increasing the affinity for rCTP. This facilitated crystallization of ternary substrate complexes of both the wild-type and Y271A mutant enzymes. Crystallographic structures of Y271A- and wild type-substrate complexes indicated that rCTP is well accommodated in the active site but that O2' of rCTP and the carbonyl oxygen of Tyr-271 or Ala-271 are unusually close (∼2.5 and 2.6 A, respectively). Structure-based modeling indicates that the local energetic cost of positioning these closely spaced oxygens is ∼2.2 kcal/mol for the wild-type enzyme. Because the side chain of Tyr-271 also hydrogen bonds with the primer terminus, loss of this interaction affects its catalytic positioning. Our results support a model where DNA polymerase β utilizes two strategies, steric and geometric, with a single protein residue to deter ribonucleotide insertion.
Nutritive quality and morphological development under partial shade of some forage species with agroforestry potential

The shade environment produced in agroforestry practices affects the morphology, anatomy and chemical composition of intercropped forages and, therefore, may affect forage quality. During the summer-fall growing season of 1994 and 1995, 30 forage cultivars were grown in 7.6 L (two gallon) pots in full sun, 50%, and 80% shade created by placing shade cloth over a greenhouse frame. Fifteen legumes and grasses that were similar in yield under full sun and shade treatments were selected for quality analysis. With the exception of 'Kobe' lespedeza, D. paniculatum and D. canescens, acid detergent fiber (ADF) was either not affected or was slightly increased by shade. Except for Kobe lespedeza and 'Martin' tall fescue, shade either did not affect or slightly increased the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the shade-tolerant forages. Crude protein (CP) percentage increased in most shade-grown forages; however, shade had less effect on CP of legumes than of grasses. Other than Kobe lespedeza, total mass of CP per pot (TCP) was unaffected or increased under 50% shade for all species. Total crude protein of hog peanut, D. esmodium paniculatum and D. canescens was greater under both 50% shade and 80% shade than in full sun. The decrease in ADF of Kobe lespedeza, D. paniculatum and D. canescens under the shade treatments might be associated with maintenance of a higher leaf:stem weight ratio under shade. However, the leaf:stem ratios of the same cultivars grown at different light intensities did not strongly correlate with NDF, CP, and TCP values. In general, on selected species, internodal length and leaf area increased while specific leaf dry weight decreased for plants grown in shade compared to those grown in full sun. The data indicated that forage quality of some species could be enhanced by shade.
Hepatic amebic abscess masquerading as acute cholecystitis

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy has disclosed a host of intrahepatic and extrahepatic lesions which mimic gallbladder disease. Two cases of hepatic amebic abscess are reported in which the presentations masqueraded as acute cholecystitis. Correlative, noninvasive imaging rapidly diagnosed both cases and in 1 case identified a serious complication.
Identification of putative nitric oxide producing neurons in the rat amygdala using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry.

Abstract Putative nitric oxide-containing neurons in the rat amygdala were studied using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemistry. All nuclei of the amygdala contained subpopulations of diaphorase-positive neurons, but the staining intensity of different sub-populations varied. Intensely stained neurons exhibited labeling of the cell body and the entire dendritic arborization. The lateral nucleus had the greatest concentration of intensely labeled cells. Many intensely labeled neurons were located along nuclear boundaries and fiber bundles. In addition to neuronal staining, there was a differential staining of the neuropil in different amygdaloid nuclei. In the basolateral and cortical nuclei the diaphorase-positive cells were non-pyramidal neurons that resembled those containing somatostatin and neuropeptide Y. The distribution and neuronal morphology of labeled neurons in the central nucleus and anterior amygdaloid area suggests that diaphorase-positive cells in these areas may be cholinergic. Recent studies have shown that the enzyme responsible for neuronal diaphorase activity is actually the synthetic enzyme for the newly discovered neurotransmitter nitric oxide. Since there is evidence that nitric oxide plays an important role in excitotoxic neuronal degeneration, the neurons identified in the present study may be involved in degenerative diseases of the amygdala.
The radioactive thymidine incorporation method for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli

The thymidine incorporation method was compared with the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods for determining the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli (233 strains), Proteus mirabilis (72 strains) and Klebsiella species (189 strains). The method measures changes in the rate of DNA synthesis of bacterial strains exposed to an antibiotic by comparing the amount of radioactive thymidine incorporated by these strains in relation to control strains. Good agreement was obtained between the results of the thymidine incorporation and disc diffusion methods for all antibiotics tested except streptomycin and tetracycline. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics determined by the thymidine incorporation method after 3 and 5 hours were generally lower than those obtained after 24 hours by the conventional broth dilution procedure. The thymidine incorporation method may be potentially useful for determining the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria a few hours after inoculation of a clinical specimen.
Physiological responses of tomato roots grown in organ culture to iron-deficiency stress

Abstract Roots of the Fe-efficient tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cultivar Floradel) were cultured in an inorganic medium supplemented with glycine, thiamine, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid, with sucrose as an energy and carbon source. Iron was supplied as ferric hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (FeHEDTA) and the initial PH was 5.5. Root growth was limited when less than 40 μm FeHEDTA was supplied. Roots grown at lower Fe concentrations decreased the pH of the FCR assay medium to a greater extent than did roots grown at higher Fe concentrations. Cultured roots grown with 10 μm FeHEDTA had increased levels of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity compared to roots grown with either lower or higher concentrations of FeHEDTA. Low FCR activity of roots grown at 2.5 or 5 μm FeHEDTA was attributed either to impaired metabolism due to Fe-deficiency or the lack of sufficient Fe for enhanced FCR formation. Roots of hydroponically grown tomato plants exhibited typical increases in FCR activity wi...
Mean life-time of the neutral pion

The mean life-time of the π0- is measured by the method of Harris, Orear and Taylor. The decay distance of π0-produced by Kπ2-decay at rest (K+→π++π0) and subsequent decay by the Dalitz mode (π0→e++e−+γ) is measured. Using Ilford G-5 emulsions, exposed in the 300 MeV/c separated K+ beam from the Bevatron at Berkeley, 88 of the above events were found. The observed mean π0 life-time is (2.8±0.9)·10−16) s.
A thermodynamic description of the defect solid state of linear high polymers

Abstract It is attempted to describe the solid state of linear crystalline polymers using the defect concept. This metastable solid state which is normally found in polymers is described thermodynamically. Changes in state are traced as a function of heating rate. The limiting experimental maximum melting point on fast heating, Tm, is described by the equation InXA=HuR(T−3m—Tm−1) which contains as parameters the activity of crystallizable units in the melt, XA, the heat of fusion at Tm, ΔHu, and the experimental maximum melting point on fast heating of large defect free lamellae into a melt XA = 1:Tfm. For linear polyethylene experimental evidence is cited which supports the theoretical description.
Impact of varying levels of expertise on decisions of category typicality

Experts on domains of basic level object categories possess extensive knowledge of features used to both individuate and categorize groups of similar members. Two studies were conducted to determine the impact of high knowledge on intermediate and advanced experts’ typicality decisions for basic and subordinate level category exemplars, and to investigate whether the pattern of influence of factors (in particular, central tendency and subjective familiarity) remained fixed throughout the continuum of expertise. Example goodness increased as a function of the level of specificity of the category for which typicality was rated. Subjective familiarity was the principal determinant of typicality for individuals with high knowledge, whereas central tendency was related to typicality when knowledge was not particularly high. Advanced and intermediate experts produced similar ratings of typicality, indicating that individuals’ decisions of typicality do not change markedly once intermediate levels of competency have been attained. The incorporation of knowledge effects into models of semantic memory, as well as interactions among knowledge, psychological factors, and environmental factors in determining typicality, are discussed.
Initial selection and breeding of Lesquerella fendleri, a new industrial oilseed

Abstract Considerable research and developmental efforts are being devoted by both the public and private sectors to commercialize Lesquerella fendleri as a new industrial oilseed crop for the production of hydroxy fatty acids. Selection and breeding research initiated in 1984 at the USDA-ARS, US Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona has made progress in increasing seed, oil and lesquerolic acid yields. Yields of 1700 kg/ha of seed, 30% oil and 59% lesquerolic acid have been obtained in replicated trials. Single plant selections developed during the interium are traceable to two populations: one to a single collection made in Arizona, PI 331165, and the other to nine different accessions collected from various sites in Texas. Variation among selections within each population exhibited relatively the same amount of genetic variability. Neither population appeared to be superior as a source of variation. The need for acquisition and utilization of new sources of germplasm is indicated. Topcross yield performance of six selected lines appeared to be superior to that of comparable halfsib family progeny, validating the existence of heterosis, which is expected due to the high degree of natural cross pollination observed. These data should serve as a benchmark upon which future progress in varietal and population development can be measured.
ASSESSING THE VALIDITY OF OFFICIAL DATA ON ARSON

Prior research has not examined the validity of Uniform Crime Report (UCR) “reported crime” figures on the offense of arson. The reporting of arson is distinguished from that of other index offenses by the requirement that an investigation occur that establishes that a fire has been purposefully set or attempted; the counting of all arsons regardless of their occurrence with other offenses; the detection and reporting of the offense by noncitizens; and the infrequent existence of exclusive police jurisdiction. Because of these unique characteristics, past approaches to assessing the validity of data on index crimes, such as a comparison with victim reports of crime, are not possible or appropriate. In this study UCR data on arson are compared with data obtained through a national survey (n=683) of fire departments. The comparisons indicate that UCR data are significantly lower than the rate of arson reported by local fire departments both overall and across all regions of the country.
Spontaneous multiple ovulation in the mare and its effect on the incidence of twin embryo collections.

Abstract Records from 183 nonlactating mares that experienced spontaneous multiple ovulation were examined to determine if: 1) double ovulations are as likely to be unilateral as bilateral; 2) the interval between two ovulations is shorter when the ovulations are unilateral than when they are bilateral; 3) the mean diameter of the two follicles on the day prior to ovulation is less when the ovulations are synchronous and unilateral; 4) for both unilateral and bilateral ovulation, twin embryos are more likely to be detected when double ovulations are asynchronous; and 5) for both synchronous and asynchronous ovulations, twin embryos are more likely to be detected when the ovulations are bilateral. Mares were teased daily with a stallion and follicular development was assessed daily during estrus by ultrasonography. Mares were inseminated daily during estrus and embryo recovery attempts were performed 6 to 7 d post ovulation. Double ovulations occurred as frequently from the same, as from opposite ovaries. The interval between the double ovulations was not shorter (P > 0.05) in unilateral versus bilateral ovulations. In addition, size of the largest and second largest preovulatory follicles was not altered (P > 0.05) by type of ovulation (bilateral vs unilateral) or synchrony of ovulation. Synchrony of ovulations had no affect (P > 0.05) on the incidence of twin embryos recovered. However, more (P
Risk-aware vulnerability analysis of electric grids from attacker's perspective

Electric grid is one of the largest interconnected networks on the earth, and is vital to the operation of modern society. Within recent decades, the occurrence of several large scale power blackouts raised many concerns from different aspects. For example, the most recent India power blackout in July 2012 affected 620 Million people. Investigating the vulnerability of electric grids becomes increasingly important and urgent. In this paper, we study the vulnerability of electric grids from attacker's point of view. First, the extended model based on DC power flow analysis is adopted to simulate cascading failures in electric grids; then a novel metric, called the risk graph, is proposed to reflect the hidden relationship among substations in terms of vulnerability; finally a practical multiple-node attack strategy is developed and proved to be stronger than the traditional load based approach on IEEE 57 and 118 bus systems. This work provided a new point of view toward understanding cascading failures in electric systems.
Late stent thrombosis: problem or not?

s D A a t r r s a f T c l t T B y c s ( D r n p Late stent thrombosis (LST) and very late stent thromosis (VLST) of 1 year have been reported to occur at an nexpected rate in patients with drug-eluting stents (DESs). eta-analyses of previously published data, reported at the orld Congress of Cardiology in Barcelona, was notable or a significant rate of LST with DESs compared with bare etal stent (BMSs).1,2 These reports have caused a considrable controversy, which has led to a number of subsequent tudies, reevaluation of data by the companies manufacturng DESs, as well as the convening of a United States (US) ood and Drug Administration (FDA) Circulatory Device dvisory Panel to review the subject and make recommenations.
An analysis of accounting measures on the performance of U.S. international corporations

Accounting measures (earnings and cash flow) have been shown to affect market performance (stock price) in U.S. firms operating domestically. In general, earnings have statistically significant explanatory power of stock price movement, albeit superior to cash flow. However, U.S.-based international corporations consolidate earnings from foreign operations. Consolidation can report significant gains (losses) from foreign transactions, as well as from the translation of foreign assets and liabilities, as currency exchange rates flucturate. Researchers are divided over the impact, if any, that such gains (losses) have on stock price. Indeed, gain (loss) is not realized until foreign currency is converted into the parent firm's functional currency. Foreign operations may accumulate assets and foreign currency even while U.S. exchange rates decline. Stock analysts may consider all currencyadjusted data to be unreliable and prefer simple data such as sales. Currency-adjusted accounting measures may or may not influence market performance.
Managing power consumption in networks on chips

Systems on a chip (SOCs) are rapidly evolving into larger networks on a chip (NOCs). This work presents a new methodology for managing power consumption for NOCs. Power management problem is formulated using closed-loop control concepts, with the estimator tracking changes in the system parameters and recalculating the new power management policy accordingly. Dynamic voltage scaling and local power management are formulated in the node-centric manner, where each core has its local power manager that determines unit power states, The local power manager's interaction with the other system cores regarding the power and the QoS needs enables network-centric power management. The new methodology for power management of NOCs is tested on a system consisting of four satellite units, each with the local power manager capable of both node and network centric power management. The results show large savings in power with good QoS.
Interacting relativistic particles

A manifestly covariant theory of two interacting particles in phase space is presented. Contrary to the implication of the so-called "no-interaction theorem" the coordinates of the particle transform correctly under the Poincar\'e group. The force law between the particles is quite general. As examples we exhibit explicitly the relativistic generalization of the arbitrary central-force system, such as the simple harmonic oscillator or the Kepler problem. The quantization of these examples is particularly straightforward, and we obtain in closed form the relativistic generalization of their respective spectra. The quantum theory developed is nontrivial, relativistically covariant, and requires neither perturbation theory nor renormalizations.
Monitoring with behavior view diagrams for debugging

UML sequence diagrams are widely used during requirements analysis and design for specifying the expected message exchanges among a set of objects in various scenarios for the program to perform a certain task. In this paper, we present the behavior view diagrams, a type of extended sequence diagrams, to facilitate execution monitoring during debugging. Using a behavior view diagram, software developers can precisely specify the runtime objects whose behaviors will be monitored during debugging. Software developers can also specify the important message exchanges to be observed among these objects during the progress of various scenarios, and may further define the monitoring actions to be performed for inspecting the program state when a message exchange is observed. We also present a debugger that can automatically monitor the program execution using the information specified in a behavior view diagram. Through this monitoring, the debugger can not only check whether the scenarios are progressed as intended, but also check whether the actions performed by the program have the the desired effects on the program states. Therefore, it will be useful for detecting and localizing bugs.