cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scattering of horizontally-polarized shear waves by surface irregularities

Summary. The problem of the scattering of harmonic SH waves by an arbitrary surface irregularity in an otherwise semi-infinite elastic, homogeneous, isotropic two-dimensional half-space is examined in this study in order to ascertain the effect of topography on this type of seismic ground motion and to develop a useful scheme which can realistically handle arbitrary two-dimensional topography. Three geometric models are considered: a semicircular hill which is of academic interest; a mountain with a Gaussian shape which utilizes realistic dimensions and the combination of a ridge and a depression that models a region in Sylmar, California. A singular Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for the displacement at the free surface is developed and solved numerically. In the case of the semicircular hill, horizontal ground motion can be more than twice that occurring in the case of smooth topography. The mountain simulated by a Gaussian profile experiences at its crest amplifications for certain angles of incidence and de-amplifications for other angles of incidence, as well as displacements whose amplitudes vary slowly with frequency on the side of the mountain which is in the same direction as the incident waves. The ridge-depression combination which is approximated by a sixth-order polynomial actually experienced shattered earth at its ridge crest during the San Fernando, California earthquake of 1971. This amplification is also exhibited by the results of the analysis which, predicts amplifications of over 75 per cent at the top of the ridge for waves arriving on the same side as the ridge.
Gait and function after intra-articular arthrodesis of the hip in adolescents.

Background: Patients who have had a hip arthrodesis have been reported to have pain in the back and the knee due to an altered gait. There is little information about the specific compensatory mechanisms that are adopted when walking. The purpose of this study was to objectively define gait adaptations after an arthrodesis of the hip and to correlate the kinematic findings with pain and other patient outcomes. Methods: Nine patients who had had an arthrodesis of the hip at an average age of thirteen years and five months (range, ten years and nine months to sixteen years and eleven months) were evaluated with gait analysis and muscle strength-testing and completed a questionnaire related to pain and function. The average duration of follow-up was eight years and ten months (range, two years and one month to thirteen years and ten months). The frequency of the postoperative visits varied. Seven patients were adults at the time of the study and were called back specifically for the study. Results: All patients had decreased cadence and step lengths. The kinematic findings included decreased dorsiflexion of the ipsilateral ankle, hyperextension of the ipsilateral knee during the stance phase, and a tendency toward increased genu valgum during gait. In normal gait, there is no genu varum or valgum during the stance phase. The patients had an average (and standard deviation) of 7 ± 4 degrees of genu valgum. Pelvic and lumbar motion in the sagittal plane was excessive in all patients. Strength-testing revealed clinically relevant weakness in the ipsilateral quadriceps in all patients, with a difference of more than 20 percent between the two extremities in six patients. The gastrocnemius-soleus muscle was stronger on the side with the fused hip in six patients. The questionnaire, designed by Harris in 1969 and completed by the patients at the time of the gait analysis, revealed back pain in seven patients. The questionnaire was administered only once. The functional outcome as measured with use of the same questionnaire worsened as the duration of follow-up increased. Conclusions: The gait analysis showed excessive motion in the lumbar spine and the ipsilateral knee in all nine patients. This abnormal motion led to pain as the duration of follow-up increased, and all patients who had been followed for four or more years after the arthrodesis complained of back pain. We hypothesized that excessive motion for an extended duration can lead to back pain. The preferred position of the hip for the arthrodesis was 20 to 25 degrees of flexion, neutral abduction-adduction, and neutral rotation.
CHF: circulatory homeostasis gone awry.

The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is integral to salt and water retention, particularly by the kidneys. Over time, positive sodium balance leads first to intra- and then to extravascular volume expansion, with subsequent symptomatic heart failure. This report examines the role of the RAAS in regulating a less well recognized component essential to circulatory homeostasis--central blood volume. The regulation of central blood volume draws on integrative cardiorenal physiology and a key role played by the RAAS in its regulation. In presenting insights into the role of the RAAS in regulating central blood volume, this review also addresses other sodium-retaining states with a predisposition to edema formation, such as cirrhosis and nephrosis.
Volumetric analysis of tumor control following subtotal and near-total resection of vestibular schwannoma.

Objectives/Hypothesis The primary goals of microsurgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) include preservation of neural function and complete tumor removal. In a subset of patients, adherent tumor remnant may be intentionally left behind in order to minimize risk of new neurologic deficits. It is not well established if residual tumor volume predicts likelihood of tumor remnant growth. Methods Patients with sporadic VS who underwent near-total (NTR) or subtotal (STR) VS resection between 2000 and 2014 were reviewed. Postoperative tumor remnants were volumetrically contoured using T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging obtained within 3 months of surgery. Results A total of 103 patients met study criteria, and the median duration of radiographic follow-up was 41 months (mean 56.1 months, range 12–150 months). Fifty patients underwent NTR and 53 received STR. Overall 14 (13.6%) tumors recurred at a median of 41.0 months. Patients who underwent STR were over 13 times more likely to recur compared with those treated with NTR (hazard ratio 13.31; 95% confidence interval 1.71–103.91; P = 0.014). The median time to recurrence following NTR was 124 months compared to 32 months after STR (P < 0.001). Conclusions Long-term follow-up in patients undergoing incomplete resection is essential. Near-total resection has a significantly lower rate of recurrence compared to STR. Maximal surgical resection should be the goal in VS microsurgery. The decision to pursue less than complete resection should be based on intraoperative impression, when it is felt that continued dissection of adherent disease would compromise neurologic outcome. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2015
Prospective motion correction with volumetric navigators (vNavs) reduces the bias and variance in brain morphometry induced by subject motion

Recent work has demonstrated that subject motion produces systematic biases in the metrics computed by widely used morphometry software packages, even when the motion is too small to produce noticeable image artifacts. In the common situation where the control population exhibits different behaviors in the scanner when compared to the experimental population, these systematic measurement biases may produce significant confounds for between-group analyses, leading to erroneous conclusions about group differences. While previous work has shown that prospective motion correction can improve perceived image quality, here we demonstrate that, in healthy subjects performing a variety of directed motions, the use of the volumetric navigator (vNav) prospective motion correction system significantly reduces the motion-induced bias and variance in morphometry.
Evolution of hemodialysis access resistance: a longitudinal 5-year model using functional principal components analysis.

Purpose Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) and grafts (AVG) are the preferred accesses in hemodialysis (HD). By monitoring access resistance (AR) one can potentially identify problems with an established HD access, but little is known about how these changes in AR occur, or the variations between the two access types as they mature longitudinally. We postulated that AR evolves differentially between AVF and AVG, a critical aspect to further understanding of the natural history of HD accesses. To describe these changes, we applied a novel statistical methodology of functional principal component (FPC) analysis. Methods Using ultrasound dilution flow studies, we retrospectively studied 479 functional HD accesses in which a total of 4573 assessments were made. Accounting for patient factors of age, race, gender and diabetes mellitus (DM) status, we employed a multivariate, mixed-effects model. Using the mean effects of those covariates, we then applied FPC analyses to assess the longitudinal, timedependent changes between AVFs and AVGs over a 5-year period. Results Both types of upper-arm access were associated with a lower initial AR. Older age and DM were associated with a higher AR. Longitudinal AR varied significantly for both AVF and AVG, between the upper arm and lower arm. As a function of time, AVG was associated with an increasing AR. Conversely, AVF, especially upper-arm ones, demonstrated a longitudinal drop in AR. Conclusions Evolutionally, AR can be predicted not only by the type of access, but also by the location along the arm of that access and by clinical patient factors. Longitudinal change in AR does differ between AVG and AVF. Our report provides the foundation of observed changes over time and provides insight as to how these variations are affected. We endorse ongoing surveillance to screen for clinical sequelae, even years from initial placement.
Controlled Ductility Loss of Polycarbonate Through Steam Sterilization

Significant ductility loss can occur to polycarbonate when it is subjected to steam sterilization. Hydrolysis has been frequently attributed to as the cause of the impact property deterioration. The chapter shows that, for steam sterilization cycle at 250°F for up to 120 minutes, hydrolysis is not a contributing factor to the ductility loss. There is no evidence of visible changes in either molecular weight or melt flow rate. The sporadic and random occurrence of the catastrophic embrittleness of polycarbonate is actually caused by the presence of foreign matter or contaminants that initiate radial micro cracks after steam sterilization and cause premature brittle failure of the material under stress. This ductility loss can be minimized by minimizing contamination during compounding or injection molding or by using higher molecular weight polymers that offer significantly greater resistance to this type of fracture mechanism. .
Quantitative Determination of Infectious Units of Measles Virus by Counts of Immunofluorescent Foci.

Summary1) The number of infectious units of measles virus in a suspension were assayed by counting microscopically the number of immunofluorescent foci in infected coverslip tissue cultures, after they were incubated under methyl cellulose overlay. The overlay prevents secondary spread of virus and is removed before the infected cell sheets are treated with antimeasles serum and fluorescein-labeled antiglobulin for detection of virus antigen by the indirect fluorescent antibody procedures. 2) Aliquots of stock virus suspension were serially diluted and assayed separately by this procedure. Results of independent assays agreed well. Ratios between fluorescent focus counts on successive dilutions approximated the reciprocal of dilution factor and there appeared to be a linear relation between amount of virus inoculated and count. In comparison with a virus titration in monolayers of same cell in tubes read for endpoint cytopathogenicity, fluorescent focus count assay of same stock virus had the same advanta...
Understanding preventive health screening services use in persons with serious mental illness: how does integrated behavioral health primary care compare?

ObjectivePeople with serious mental illness have reduced life expectancy, in large part due to reduced access to medical services and underutilization of preventive health services. This is a cross...
Zoe Saldana or Zoë Saldaña?: cinematic dominicanidad and the Hollywood star

This article investigates Dominican cinematic celebrity through the eyes of the Dominican community based on the findings from my New York City ethnographic fieldwork. Investigating the ways in whi...
The Vascular Pattern of a Rhizomatous Ginger (Alpinia speciosa L. Zingiberaceae). 1. The Aerial Axis and its Development

Alpinia speciosa L. (Zingiberaceae) has a horizontal sympodially branching rhizome. The distal end of each sympodial unit develops vertically to form a determinate axis some three metres high bearing foliage leaves with sheathing bases, and terminating in an inflorescence. A transverse section of the aerial axis indicates that the vascular tissue of' scattered' vascular bundles is arranged in two distinct zones an inner system and an outer system, separated by a cylinder of undifferentiated tissue, the intermediate zone, retaining the features of a meristem. The multiplicity of terminology applied to this zone in the literature is clarified. The distribution and interconnection of the vascular system in the aerial stem are described together with a consideration of their development. The observations on which the descriptions are based were achieved by the 'optical shuttle' and 'surface' methods of serial cinematography. The presentation of such data in three-dimensional diagrammatic form is explained. The inner system of vascular bundles is found to have the simple basic design of that of a 'typical' palm stem a system of upwardly branching leaf traces with interconnections. The outer system of functional vascular bundles in Alpinia anastomoses freely and is considered to be equivalent to the anastomosing cortical system of non-conducting fibrous bundles present at the periphery of many palm stems. Communication between the two systems in the aerial stem of Alpinia is by means of an extensive bridging to the outer system from departing inner system leaf traces.
Iterative Sparse Maximum Likelihood-based Algorithms with Applications to SAR Imaging

This paper presents a series of iterative sparse maximum likelihood-based approaches (SMLA) with applications to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. By using a particular form of Gaussian signal prior, iterative analytical expressions of the signal and noise power estimates are obtained by iteratively minimizing the stochastic maximum likelihood (SML) function with respect to only one scalar parameter at a time, resulting in power-based SMLA approaches. However, these power-based sparse approaches do not provide the phases of the unknown signals. To address this problem, a combined SMLA and Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) approach (referred to as the SMLA-MAP approach) for estimating the unknown complexvalued signals is proposed. The SMLA-MAP derivation is inspired by the sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM) approach, where a modified expression of the SLIM noise power estimation is proposed. We also show that SLIM can be viewed as a combination of the deterministic ML (DML) and iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) approaches. Finally, numerical examples of SAR imaging using Slicy data, Backhoe data and Gotcha data are generated to compare the performances of the proposed and existing approaches. KeywordsSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR); SAR Imaging; Sparse Signal Recovery; Maximum Likelihood (ML); Maximum A Posteriori (MAP); Sparse Learning via Iterative Minimization (SLIM); Iterative Adaptive Approach (IAA).
The Future of Informatics in Biomedicine

Biomedical informatics continues to be an evolving field, constantly welcoming new cross-disciplinary connections. This chapter examines the general trends that are reflected in the past four editions of this book and how they have led to the trends in this edition. We provide our vision for the future, but also include seven authoritative guest contributors to provide their perspectives as well.
NEUROLEPTIC BINDING SITES IN BRAIN

Publisher Summary Many researchers now believe that neuroleptic drugs, such as the phenothiazines, exert their actions in the brains of schizophrenics at sites that are involved with specific schizophrenic disturbance itself. Thus, it has been hypothesized that if one understood the mechanism of action of these drugs, such as their neuronal recognition sites and the physiological and cellular responses with which they interfere, one might gain insight into the organic abnormalities responsible for the disease process. The neuronal recognition sites to which neuroleptics bind appear to be receptors for the neurotransmitter dopamine, and enhanced dopaminergic transmission has long been hypothesized to be etiologic in some forms of schizophrenia. This chapter focuses on neuronal binding sites for neuroleptics. It also discusses these sites with respect to their association with dopamine receptors. It also describes the methods employed to study separately the neuronal localization, relative levels, and pharmacological and biochemical characteristics of each dopamine receptor subtype.
Dielectric surface failure

Flashover strength has been measured for a group of solid insulating materials at several frequencies in the range from 60 cycles per second (cps) to 100 megacycles per second. The effects of exposure at nine conditions of temperature and relative humidity have been studied over the temperature range from −55C to 125C. The flashover voltage was measured across a 3/8 inch gap between 3/4 inch diameter stainless steel washers.
Micellar Systems Studied by Positron Annihilation Techniques

The positron annihilation technique was applied to the study of the micelle formation process in aqueous and reversed micellar systems and to the determination of the site at which solubilizates become incorporated into the micelle. Furthermore, the effect of additives on the surfactant concentration at which a cooperative effect of reverse micellar solutions becomes observable was investigated and the location of the additives in aqueous micelles determined.
Consumer Response to Gastrointestinal Illness Perceived To Originate from Food Service Facilities

ABSTRACT Consumer responses to food product recalls have been documented, but there is little information on how consumers respond to illnesses or outbreaks associated with food service facilities. This study uses an on-line survey of 885 adults conducted in 2012 to determine how respondents changed their dining behavior following personal experiences with and secondhand reports of gastrointestinal illness believed to be associated with food service facilities. In response to personally experiencing gastrointestinal illness that they attributed to a food service facility, 90% of survey participants reported that they avoided the implicated facility for a time following the incident; almost one-half decided to never return to the facility they believed had made them ill. In response to a secondhand report of gastrointestinal illness, 86% of respondents reported they would avoid the implicated facility for a time, and 22% said they would never return to the facility. After both personal experiences of illne...
Prevention of Infection in Prosthetic Devices

Each year in the United States millions of implantable prosthetic devices are utilized. They are designed to replace lost or deteriorated function of organs such as joints, heart valves, lenses, and a variety of other body parts. All have shortcomings, primarily mechanical failure and infectious complications. Infection is often devastating and frequently entails significant morbidity, both immediate and long term, and appreciable mortality in selected devices. It has significant economic impact (1).
Time of Recanalization Since Symptoms Is a Strong Predictor of Outcome in Patients Who Underwent Stent Retriever Thrombectomy from Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (P2.333)

Background: The outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who recanalize less than 3 hours versus more than 3 hours since symptoms have not been clearly investigated especially, those with large artery occlusion (LAO) and underwent stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) . Objective: To identify the predictors of outcome in AIS patients from middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with large clot burden (LCB >8 mm) and underwent SRT, who recanalize less than 3 hours versus more than 3 hours since symptoms. Method: Consecutive AIS patients with MCA occlusion with NIHSS ≥10 who underwent SRT were enrolled from 2012 to 2014. Outcome was measured using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 30 days. The SAS software was used to analyze the data. .Results: 21 AIS patients who underwent SRT in MCA; age 70.62±13.94 years and mean admission NIHSS 17±5. Complete (TICI3) and partial (TICI2b) recanalization was observed in 90.50[percnt] and 9.50[percnt] respectively with mean passes of 1.71±1. Time to recanalization from stroke onset was 230±160 minutes. Presenting NIHSS of 16.76 dropped to 7, 5 and 2 at immediate, 24 hours and 30 days post SRT respectively. Good outcome (mRS ≤2) was observed in 66.13[percnt] and poor outcome in 28.57[percnt] including mortality in 9.5[percnt]. In univariate analysis, recanalization time, immediate and 24 hours post SRT NIHSS were predictors of outcome (p-value= 0.0039, 0.003 and 0.043 respectively). In multivariate analysis, time of recanalization since symptoms (p-value=0.01) and baseline mRS (p-value=0.01) continued to be the predictors of good outcome. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that patients with LAO from MCA who recanalize less than 3 hours of symptoms onset have good chance of good outcome compared to those who recanilize more than 3 hours. Therefore, all AIS patients with LAO should offer early SRT to achieve a good functional outcome. Further studies are required. Disclosure: Dr. Lodi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reddy has nothing to disclose.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation in Patients Over Age 70 Years: A Case Report

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be used safely as a bridge to lung transplantation in carefully selected elderly patients. We report the case of a 70-year–old patient bridged on ECMO before transplantation. A brief discussion on improving outcomes for the elderly and patients bridged on ECMO in general is presented.
So what are you here for?: self-efficacy and self-criticism as a route to coding maturity

This paper elaborates a set of experiential goals that define a key third course in Computer Science at a regional university. The assignments are sequenced and executed so that more than just conventional learning objectives are met, rather the target is promotion of student self-awareness as a practitioner. This approach is interleaved with and complements the knowledge objectives and delivery expected for the course, and helps present programming as both a profession and a craft.
Public Health Disasters: Be Prepared.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses the articles in a special public health preparedness supplement of the journal, and it mentions topics such as the funding of public health and emergency management preparedness programs, as well as investments in the U.S.
Fiber entangled photon pair source connecting telecom to quantum memories

A fiber optic based source of polarization entangled photon pairs is proposed to connect and entangle a telecom quantum memory to a solid state quantum memory based on single-qubits operating in the near infrared. To span this large wavelength difference while matching the narrow spectral bandwidth of the quantum memories, the photon pairs are generated by four wave mixing in a highly birefringent fiber. Raman noise is expected to be strongly suppressed under these conditions.
Understanding Model-Based Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation as a Function of Location and Season from Atmospheric Reanalysis

AbstractExtreme precipitation events bring huge societal and economic loss around the world every year, and they have undergone spatially heterogeneous changes in the past half-century. They are fu...
Insomnia Symptoms Among Female Veterans: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and the Impact on Psychosocial Functioning and Health Care Utilization

Study Objectives:To examine the prevalence of self-reported insomnia symptoms, identify subgroups of female veterans with clinically significant insomnia symptoms, and examine the effect on psychos...
Relaxation Times for Stochastic Ising Models in the Limit of Vanishing External Field at Fixed Low Temperatures

Results are stated concerning the asymptotic growth of relaxation times for basic stochastic Ising models as the external field vanishes.
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Incidence rates vary from 1% to 10%, according to the underlying hematologic malignancy. Symptoms include fever, cough, and dyspnea, which can rapidly progress to hypoxia requiring mechanical ventilation. Diagnosis is difficult and requires a compatible clinical picture, radiographic findings, and detection of CMV in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung-tissue specimens by culture, cytology, immunohistochemical staining, histopathologic examination, or in situ hybridization. Treatment for CMV pneumonia may include administration of both intravenous ganciclovir and intravenous immunoglobulins, but even with the use of aggressive antiviral therapy, the mortality rate remains high in patients with hematologic malignancies. Antiviral prophylaxis and preventative therapies, however, have been shown to be effective in decreasing the incidence of CMV pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies. This chapter focuses on the epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CMV pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Retrospective single-center study evaluating clinical and dermoscopic features of longitudinal melanonychia, ABCDEF criteria, and risk of malignancy

Background Longitudinal melanonychia (LM) is a common finding in clinical practice; however, it has a broad differential diagnosis, including subungual melanoma (SUM), which can be difficult to distinguish clinically from benign conditions. Objective To identify clinical and dermoscopic features that distinguish histopathologically diagnosed SUM from benign LM and to evaluate the validity of the ABCDEF criteria among patients on whom a biopsy was performed. Methods Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent nail matrix biopsy for LM at a single center from January 2011 to November 2017. Results A total of 84 cases in which biopsy was performed (8 cases of SUM and 76 benign) were included in the analysis. The patients with SUM were younger (P = .011), had their melanonychia longer (P = .017), and presented with a wider band (P = .002) and greater width percentage (P Limitations Retrospective single-center study; patients who did not undergo biopsy could not be studied. Conclusions In the cases of LM in which biopsy was performed, SUM usually presented with a wider band and greater width percentage than benign LM did. The number of ABCDEF criteria met was not different between the groups. Because many of the clinical and dermoscopic signs were less consistent, biopsy should be performed in cases with any concerning band, especially in those with width percentage higher than 40%.
Proactive neural processing of native and non-native speech

The impact of attention and language-experience in neural speech processing is typically assessed using sentences, words, and syllables that, when presented in isolation, may not engage the cortical speech network as well as more realistic continuous speech. Here, we explore the neuromodulatory effects of attention and language experience using continuous speech. We recorded electroencephalographic responses from native speakers of English and late Chinese-English bilinguals while listening to a story recorded in English. The story was mixed with a tone sequence, and listeners were instructed to focus either on the speech (attended speech condition) or the tone sequence (ignored speech condition). We used the multivariate temporal response function and the accuracy of a machine-learning based brain-to-speech decoder to quantify differences in cortical entrainment and speech-sound category processing. Our analyses revealed a more robust, context-independent neural encoding of speech-sound categories when they were attended and native. Interestingly, while cortical entrainment to speech was also enhanced by attention, the enhancement was stronger among non-native speakers. Our results suggest that while listeners can manage attention to improve the neural parsing of continuous speech via cortical entrainment, the benefits of attention for speech-sound category processing can be attenuated when the sounds are not native.The impact of attention and language-experience in neural speech processing is typically assessed using sentences, words, and syllables that, when presented in isolation, may not engage the cortical speech network as well as more realistic continuous speech. Here, we explore the neuromodulatory effects of attention and language experience using continuous speech. We recorded electroencephalographic responses from native speakers of English and late Chinese-English bilinguals while listening to a story recorded in English. The story was mixed with a tone sequence, and listeners were instructed to focus either on the speech (attended speech condition) or the tone sequence (ignored speech condition). We used the multivariate temporal response function and the accuracy of a machine-learning based brain-to-speech decoder to quantify differences in cortical entrainment and speech-sound category processing. Our analyses revealed a more robust, context-independent neural encoding of speech-sound categories when t...
Adverse childhood experiences, and instability in Children's care and Parents' work

Abstract Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, parental mental illness and substance abuse are linked with a host of negative life outcomes. To support young children facing ACEs through Early Care and Education (ECE), challenges such as instability must be understood and addressed. This study examines associations between ACEs during early childhood and instability related to ECE among 2, 466 children attending ECE in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Parents reported instability in children's ECE and disruptions in their work or school stemming from instability in children's ECE. Parents also reported indicators of ACEs when children were three years of age. Over half of the children had at least one ACE; 12% had three or more. Children's ACEs predicted more instability, in both children's ECE, and in disruptions in parents' work/school due to problems arranging and keeping ECE.
Formation of a uranyl hydroxide hydrate via hydration of [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7·4H2O

Hydrated uranyl fluoride, [(UO2F2)(H2O)]7·4H2O, is not stable at elevated water vapor pressure, undergoing a complete loss of fluorine to form a uranyl hydroxide hydrate. Powder X-ray diffraction data of the resultant uranyl hydroxide species is presented for the first time, along with Raman and infrared (IR) spectra. The new uranyl hydroxide species is structurally similar to the layered uranyl hydroxide hydrate minerals schoepite and metaschoepite, but has a significantly expanded interlayer spacing (c = 15.12 vs. 14.73 A), suggesting that additional H2O molecules may be present between the uranyl layers. Comparison of the Raman and IR spectra of this new uranyl hydroxide hydrate and synthetic metaschoepite ([(UO2)4O(OH)6]·5H2O) suggests that the equatorial environment of the uranyl ion may differ and that H2O molecules in the new species participate in stronger hydrogen bonds. In addition, the interlayer spacing of both this new uranyl hydroxide species and synthetic metaschoepite is shown to be sensitive to the environmental humidity, contracting and re-expanding with desiccation and rehydration. Structural distinction between the new uranyl hydroxide species and synthetic metaschoepite is confirmed by a comparison of the thermal behavior; unlike metaschoepite, the new hydrate does not form α-UO2(OH)2 upon dehydration.
Sustainable co-production of food and solar power to relax land-use constraints

Renewable energy could often be land constrained by the diffuse nature of renewable resources. To relax land constraints, we propose the concept of ‘aglectric’ farming, where agricultural land will be sustainably shared for food and energy co-production. While wind turbines on agricultural land are already put into practice, solar power production on agricultural land is still under research. Here, we propose photovoltaic systems that are suitable for installation on agricultural land. Adjusting the intensity, spectral distribution and duration of shading allows innovative photovoltaic systems to achieve significant power generation without potentially diminishing agricultural output. The feasibility of solar aglectric farms has been proven through shadow modelling. The proposed solar aglectric farms—used alone or in combination with regular solar parks or wind plants—could be a solution for a sustainable renewable economy that supports the ‘full Earth’ of over 10 billion people. Diffusion of renewable energy technologies can be constrained by alternative land uses. Here the authors propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming and show with modelling how to use agricultural land sustainably for food and energy co-production.
Ensuring Sustainability of Needed Antibiotics: Aiming for the DART Board.

Current initiatives to incentivize development of antibiotics for resistant pathogens have yielded disappointing results because many recently approved antibiotics do not address clinical unmet nee...
Imaging of subendocardial adipose tissue and fiber orientation distributions in the human left atrium using optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to provide real-time imaging guidance for atrial fibrillation ablation, with promising results for lesion monitoring. OCT can also offer high-resolution imaging of tissue composition, but there is insufficient cardiac OCT data to inform the use of OCT to reveal important tissue architecture of the human left atrium. Thus, the objective of this study was to define OCT imaging data throughout the human left atrium, focusing on the distribution of adipose tissue and fiber orientation as seen from the endocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Human hearts (n = 7) were acquired for imaging the left atrium with OCT. A spectral-domain OCT system with 1325 nm center wavelength, 6.5 μm axial resolution, 15 μm lateral resolution, and a maximum imaging depth of 2.51 mm in the air was used. Large-scale OCT image maps of human left atrial tissue were developed, with adipose thickness and fiber orientation extracted from the imaging data. OCT imaging showed scattered distributions of adipose tissue around the septal and pulmonary vein regions, up to a depth of about 0.43 mm from the endocardial surface. The total volume of adipose tissue detected by OCT over one left atrium ranged from 1.42 to 28.74 mm3 . Limited fiber orientation information primarily around the pulmonary veins and the septum could be identified. CONCLUSION OCT imaging could provide adjunctive information on the distribution of subendocardial adipose tissue, particularly around thin areas around the pulmonary veins and septal regions. Variations in OCT-detected tissue composition could potentially assist ablation guidance.
Shifting Powers in the United States Government

It is an extraordinary time in the United States government. Presidents increasingly govern unilaterally. Confirmation hearings for Supreme Court nominees have become enormously contentious. A significant portion of the government shut down for over a month in 2019. This article discusses one of the factors that contributes to all of these phenomena: congressional inertia. Congress’s inability to make law has shifted power in the U.S. government to the President and the Supreme Court. If we are to avoid sliding into tyranny, Congress must find a way to recover its strength.
Survey of Pass/Fail Grading Systems in US Doctor of Pharmacy Curricula.

Objective. To understand how colleges and schools of pharmacy utilize pass/fail grading systems in Doctor of Pharmacy curricula. Methods. An electronic survey with 15 selected response items and six open-ended questions was developed and distributed in 2020 to the 10 academic pharmacy programs known to utilize a pass/fail grading system to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Results. Leaders from eight of the 10 programs identified responded to the survey. Programs varied regarding the types of courses for which they utilize a pass/fail grading system and whether numerical scores are shared with students. A variety of grade designations (honors, pass, no pass, fail, satisfactory, etc.) are used, and the minimum pass level varies by program, ranging from 70% to 90%. For those institutions that utilize post-course remediation, the majority of remediation occurs immediately following the academic term or in the summer. The type of information shared with residency program directors (GPA, class rank, overall percentile, qualitative comments, etc.) varies among pass/fail programs. Conclusion. How pass/fail grading systems are utilized is inconsistent across schools and colleges pharmacy. Programs that utilize a criterion-based grading system might benefit from engaging in future conversations with one another to determine if and how consistency might be realized among terminology, passing level, percentages, grade point averages, and progression. Additional insights on post-graduate training requirements and honorary societies is warranted should pass/fail grading expand as it has in medical education. Further research on this topic may lead to greater understanding and adoption across the pharmacy academy.
The Impact of Dosage on a Mindfulness Intervention With First-Year College Students:

While mindfulness intervention research is prevalent, it is limited in (1) relation to college students’ grade point average (GPA) and retention and (2) minimum dosage recommended for the intervent...
Softlock Detection for Super Metroid with Computation Tree Logic

Videogame level designs can contain errors called softlocks where a player traversing the level in an unintended manner can become permanently stuck. In this paper, we explore the automated detection of softlocks in the game Super Metroid using Computation Tree Logic (CTL). Super Metroid distinguishes itself as an example domain because of its velocity-based movement and rich item upgrade hierarchy. These factors can cause softlocks in Super Metroid to be challenging to detect visually. We contribute a tile-based gameplay abstraction for Super Metroid, and demonstrate verification of CTL properties for scenarios based on a segment of the original game’s level design. CTL can be used to define and test many other gameplay properties (e.g. which bosses can be skipped or which order items may be collected) and is immediately applicable to other game designs for which a compact abstraction of their state space can be enumerated. By making plausible design changes to a Super Metroid level fragment, we show how highly nonobvious softlocks can be detected and how the counterexamples resulting from verification failure can be turned into visualizations that explain the problem.
Structural analysis of the TPX vacuum vessel for the preliminary design

This paper presents some analysis results of the Tokamak Physics Experiment vacuum vessel for the preliminary design phase. The results obtained are due to dead load, shielding water and atmospheric pressure, and engineering plasma disruption forces. The major vacuum vessel response is due to electromagnetic forces induced on the plasma facing components. Two approaches were initiated for the dynamic analysis: the lumped mass approach and the fluid-structure interaction. However, due to an unexpected cancellation of the project, both dynamic approaches are left unfinished. This paper presents only the static analysis results.
Shifting students' financial responsibilities from textbooks to laboratory resources

The use of hands-on laboratory activities has been shown to improve students' ability to understand course material. In addition, hands-on learning activities give students a clearer picture of what to expect in a professional career. However, it is a challenge to keep up-to-date equipment in the laboratory without placing too great a financial burden on the student. This paper demonstrates how using on-line resources and print-on-demand technology allows students to purchase equipment that will enhance their learning for relatively the same cost as a traditional textbook. The result is a laboratory environment with improved technology and reliability, improved student learning, and the addition of a tool students retain after the course is completed as opposed to a textbook that they sell at semester's end.
A Meta-analysis of Theories and Topics in Social Media Research

This paper offers an extensive meta-analysis of the theoretical evolution of social media as a domain of research. It examines the domain's current intellectual core with respect to dominant topics and theories of study. Hereto a systematic examination of all 610 articles published between October 2004 and December 2011 was conducted for identifying popular research topics as well as dominant theories. Findings indicate an overall lack of theory as well as a dominance of socio-psychological topics and theories of inquiry. These findings establish a benchmark for tracking the state of the evolution of the social media domain, while focusing the reader's attention on topics and theories requiring further inquiry.
Value of Desiccated Swabs for Streptococcal Epidemiology in the Field

Streptococcal surveys in foreign countries or remote areas may be greatly enhanced by the use of calcium alginate swabs desiccated in sterile silica gel. Delays of up to 4 weeks before return to a base laboratory are feasible, and the need for fresh media or laboratory facilities in the field may be eliminated. Comparison of direct plating on crystal violet blood agar versus delayed silica gel preservation during surveys in Uganda, Haiti, Colombia, and Miami, Fla., showed no significant loss of positive cultures from skin lesions and suggests that desiccated swabs increase the recovery of bacitracin-sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes (presumptive group A) from throats.
Serum testosterone levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Effect of an estrogen-progestin on protein binding of testosterone.

Abstract Total and unbound testosterone and the molar concentration of testosterone binding protein (TBP, expressed as molar concentration of testosterone binding sites) were determined in 25 normal women and 15 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on no drug and after a combination oral contraceptive. The 10 treated normal women showed an increase in total testosterone (82 ± 26 to 170 ± 43 ng. per cent) and TBP (30.64 ± 5.98 to 63.89 ± 22.69 × 10 −8 ) but no significant change in unbound testosterone. Pretreatment, the PCOS patients showed a significantly low TBP (17.40 ± 4.66), high total (120 ± 26 ng. per cent) and unbound (1.28 ± 0.16 ng. per cent) testosterone. After treatment these patients had levels of TBP (61.81 ± 21.95 × 10 −8 ) and unbound testosterone (0.54 ± 0.17 ng. per cent), similar to the treated normal women. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the different aspects of the structure and function of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Some of the discussion speculates on the broader question of how this family of enzymes may have evolved. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are important components of the translational machinery of all cells. In eukaryotes, the situation is more complex. Animals and fungi synthesize proteins in two physically separate cellular compartments, the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The contribution of mitochondria to the total cellular protein pool is minor both in terms of the number of proteins and their relative mass. Nonetheless, mitochondria have their own complete set of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, as well as tRNAs, ribosomes, and all the accessory factors necessary for chain initiation, elongation, and termination. However, there are several reasons the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of such specialized organelles as mitochondria and chloroplasts are of special interest. Studies of the organelle-specific synthetases enlarge the number of examples of this enzyme family and hence provide a more complete compilation of data for evaluating the evolutionary derivations of its individual members.
Transcriptomic characterization of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) tumors all carry a deletion of ∼ 400 kb in chromosome 19, resulting in a fusion of the genes for the heat shock protein, DNAJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1, DNAJB1, and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A, PRKACA. The resulting chimeric transcript produces a fusion protein that retains kinase activity. No other recurrent genomic alterations have been identified. Here we characterize the molecular pathogenesis of FLHCC with transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing). Differential expression (tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue) was detected for more than 3,500 genes (log2 fold change ≥ 1, false discovery rate ≤ 0.01), many of which were distinct from those found in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of several known oncogenes, such as ErbB2 and Aurora Kinase A, was increased in tumor samples. These and other dysregulated genes may serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
A numerical solution of a transient shock wave problem

Abstract A numerical method for solving one-dimensional, compressible flow problems including locating and following shock waves is described. This method uses a small amount of computer storage, and complete problems can be computed in a few minutes on an IBM 7044 computer. Results of a problem for the discharge of air from a duct are presented.
The Minimum Noise of Varactor Amplifiers

The series resistance of commercially available varactors provides a high-frequency limit on varactor parametric amplifiers. The values of pump frequency for which gain can be achieved and the resulting noise temperature are restricted. For a given signal frequency and a given varactor there is a minimum noise temperature that is achieved by correctly selecting the pump frequency. This minimum noise temperature can be related to measurable varactor parameters and to the power necessary for pumping the varactor. A plot of achievable noise temperature vs frequency indicates areas in which varactor amplifiers are competitive for low-noise receivers.
In the Name of the Mother … : The Epilogue of Edna O Brien s Country Girls Trilogy

(2002). In the Name of the Mother … : The Epilogue of Edna O Brien s Country Girls Trilogy. Women's Studies: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 447-465.