cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of edge roughness in nano-scale magnetic bar switching

A micromagnetic simulation of switching behavior in submicron nickel bars is presented. The bars were discretized into elements 10 nm by 10 nm by 30 nm deep. The switching field and switching mechanism were found to have a strong dependence on the edge roughness of the bars. By including a rough edge, the switching held of the bars was reduced as much as 40% and produced agreement with experimental determined values.
High energy density capacitors fabricated by thin film technology

Low energy density in conventional capacitors severely limits efforts to miniaturize power electronics and imposes design limitations on electronics in general. We have successfully applied physical vapor deposition technology to greatly increase capacitor energy density. The high dielectric breakdown strength we have achieved in alumina thin films allows high energy density to be achieved with this moderately low dielectric constant material. The small temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, and the high reliability, high resistivity, and low dielectric loss of Al 2 O 3 , make it even more appealing. We have constructed single dielectric layer thin film capacitors and shown that they can be stacked to form multilayered structures with no loss in yield for a given capacitance. Control of film growth morphology is critical for achieving the smooth, high quality interfaces between metal and dielectric necessary for device operation at high electric fields. Most importantly, high rate deposition with extremely low particle generation is essential for achieving high energy storage at a reasonable cost. This has been achieved by reactive magnetron sputtering in which the reaction to form the dielectric oxide has been confined to the deposition surface. By this technique we have achieved a yield of over 50% for 1 cm 2 devices with an energy density of 14 J per cubic centimeter of Al 2 O 3 dielectric material in 1.2 kV, 4 nF devices. By further reducing defect density and increasing the dielectric constant of the material, we will be able to increase capacitance and construct high energy density devices to meet the requirements of applications in power electronics.
A Canon of the Criminal Law

This paper cautiously assays the notion of a "canon" of writings in criminal law and procedure in the Anglo-American tradition. Identifying "canonical" writings from Blackstone to Bentham to Foucault, from classic Victorian case law to Wechslerian legal process, from modern empiricist scholars to skeptical post-modernism, it posits a core, if not unifying concern: How to reconcile the deserved with the useful. As we calibrate proper punishments for crimes and persons, and devise the best procedures for implementing those definitions, we must avoid any easy pluralism and face perennial questions: How do we generate consistent rules on the basis of inconsistent premises? What manifestations of character merit moral condemnation? How do we avoid degrading character into a mere sum of acts? Why should it matter whether a criminal causes harm? Because if he has caused harm he deserves punishment or because if he caused harm then punishing him will prevent future harm? And so most generally, the great writings have worried over a fundamental agony of liberalism--that a jurisprudence aimed at enhancing both desert and utility can make certain adjustments but can hardly achieve grand philosophical resolution.
14.2: Distinguished Student Paper: Low-voltage and High-transmittance Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Displays

We develop a refraction model to analyze the electro-optics of an in-plane-switching blue phase liquid crystal (IPS-BPLC) cell. Good agreement with experiment is obtained. By optimizing the BPLC material and device structure, our simulation shows that a single-gamma IPS-BPLC with operation voltage 80% can be achieved.
Revealing Associations between Events and Their Characteristic Items

We pose a new problem of discovering associations between events in our daily lives and their characteristic items, such as (Halloween, pumpkin) and (Christmas, chimney). To solve the problem, we dopted an approach similar to that of existing research on event detection, which tries to discover events by detecting bursts of occurrence frequency of a relevant term in a document stream, where the term (item) is associated with the discovered event. We extracted events from blog entries available on the Web, while the previous studies mostly used news articles as document streams. Blog entries are shown to have quite different characteristics to news articles. Considering this fact, we developed a method for discovering the associations by integrating existing techniques that can handle and take advantage of the characteristics of blog data. We verified through experiments using actual data that the proposed approach works quite well.
Counting characters of upper triangular groups

Abstract Working over a finite field of order q, let U n ( q ) be the group of upper triangular n × n matrices with all diagonal entries equal to 1. It is known that all complex irreducible characters of U n ( q ) have degrees that are powers of q and that all powers q e occur for 0 ⩽ e ⩽ μ ( n ) , where the upper bound μ ( n ) is defined by the formulas μ ( 2 m ) = m ( m − 1 ) and μ ( 2 m + 1 ) = m 2 . It has been conjectured that the number of irreducible characters having degree q e is some polynomial in q with integer coefficients (depending on n and e). In this paper, we construct explicit polynomials for the cases where e is one of μ ( n ) , μ ( n ) − 1 and 1. Also, a list of polynomials is presented that appear to give the correct character counts for n ⩽ 9 . Several related results concerning pattern groups are also included.
Airway stenting for malignant and benign tracheobronchial stenosis

Abstract Background Patients with benign and malignant central airway obstruction suffer from disabling dyspnea, obstructive pneumonia, and impending suffocation. Therapeutic bronchoscopy provides immediate and gratifying palliation. Airway stenting is the principal modality used to manage intrinsic tracheobronchial pathology and extrinsic airway compression. This report provides the details of the indications, techniques, and results of airway stenting in our practice. Methods University of Washington patients undergoing bronchoscopy with stent placement or revision from May 1992 through December 2001 were extracted from a prospective patient database. Details of the stent procedure were obtained from the medical records and office charts. Early outcomes were assessed by patient symptoms and signs, and late outcomes were assessed by patient follow-up visits, follow-up bronchoscopy, or discussions, or a combination of these with the patient, patient's family, or referring physician. Results One hundred forty-three patients underwent 309 stent procedures of which 67% were for malignant disease. Eighty-two percent required urgent or emergent intervention, and 77% had compromise of more than three fourths of the airway lumen. Eighty-seven percent of stents placed were silicone rubber and 15% of patients required multiple stents to achieve airway palliation. Significant improvement was achieved in 94% of patients but required multiple endoscopies to maintain improvement in 41%. There was no stent-related mortality and only one major complication required surgery. Conclusions Airway stenting provides prompt and durable palliation in unresectable patients with central airway obstruction. Frequently multiple stents and multiple procedures will be necessary to maintain a satisfactory airway.
Feature-based cartographic modelling

Cartographic modelling operations provide powerful tools for analysing and manipulating geographic data in the raster data model. This research extends these operations to the vector data model. It first discusses how the spatial scopes of analysis can be defined for point, line, and polygon features analogous to the raster cell. Then it introduces the local, focal, and zonal operations available for vector features, followed by providing a prototype syntax that might guide the implementation of these operations. Through example applications, this research also demonstrates the usefulness of these operations by comparing them with traditional vector spatial analysis.
Molecular modelling of nucleation in polymers

We have investigated the molecular mechanisms of primordial stages of polymer crystallization from solutions using Langevin dynamics simulations and theoretical models. The key feature that distinguishes polymers from small molecules at early stages of nucleation is that, in the case of polymers, a single chain can participate in several nuclei. This results in entropic frustration, leading to spontaneously selected temporary finite structures during nucleation. The experimental observation of finite lamellar thickness (much smaller than extended chain dimension) has been historically attributed to kinetic origins. Our simulations and an exactly solvable model to account for chain entropy show that the finite lamellar thickness is actually the equilibrium result. The growth at the lamellar growth front is found in our simulations to be dominated by chain adsorption and highly cooperative dynamics of all chains. Our results contradict the conventional assumptions and theories of polymer crystallization.
“FEARFUL CONSEQUENCES . . . OF LIVING UP TO ONE'S TEAPOT”: MEN, WOMEN, AND “CULTCHAH” IN THE ENGLISH AESTHETIC MOVEMENT c. 1870–1900

The Aesthetic or “Patience” teapot is renowned as the ultimate parody of Aesthetic sensibilities. Composed of the head and torso of a male and female back-to-back dressed in the “greenery-yallery of the Grosvenor Gallery,” with puce hats and fashionable Pre-Raphaelite red hair, the teapot was designed by James Hadley (1838–1903) for the Royal Worcester manufactory following the success of W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan's operetta Patience in 1881. Bearing on its base the inscription, “Fearful consequences through the laws of Natural Selection and Evolution of living up to one's teapot,” the vessel took a swipe at Darwin's theories of evolution, as well as Oscar Wilde's famous aphorism. This teapot is certainly not “fit for its purpose,” defying “form must follow function”; rather it is a whim of fashion, novel but transitory. Recognized as a “limited edition” and expensive, its function being primarily for show rather than use, it marks the appearance of the modern “collectable,” in effect a souvenir of Aestheticism and now seen to commemorate its apogee. Yet although loaded with aesthetic signifiers – sunflowers, lilies and gender-bending – no scholar has attempted to unwrap the teapot's meaning, in terms of the identification of china and tea with “life-style aestheticism” (Figure 15).
Genomic Cis-Regulatory Logic: Experimental and Computational Analysis of a Sea Urchin Gene

The genomic regulatory network that controls gene expression ultimately determines form and function in each species. The operational nature of the regulatory programming specified in cis-regulatory DNA sequence was determined from a detailed functional analysis of a sea urchin control element that directs the expression of a gene in the endoderm during development. Spatial expression and repression, and the changing rate of transcription of this gene, are mediated by a complex and extended cis-regulatory system. The system may be typical of developmental cis-regulatory apparatus. All of its activities are integrated in the proximal element, which contains seven target sites for DNA binding proteins. A quantitative computational model of this regulatory element was constructed that explicitly reveals the logical interrelations hard-wired into the DNA.
Collagen Gel Method for the Primary Culture of Mouse Mammary Epithelium

A method for culturing mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs) within Type I collagen gels is described. This method is permissive for multifold growth, “ductlike” morphogenesis, and hormonal responsiveness. Subcutaneous mouse mammary glands are harvested, digested with collagenase, and epithelial cells obtained after Percoll gradient centrifugation. MECs are then mixed with neutralized, isosmotic collagen, which is pipetted into culture dishes and overlaid with culture medium after gel formation. Preparation of all serum-free medium and stocks required for the procedure and termination of cultures are described, and comments concerning critical procedural steps are given.
Roundtable Retrospective 2007: Dealing with Sexual Harassment

A review of sexual harassment case law was presented at the 2007 Labor and Employment Roundtable at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration. The foremost lesson is that employers should take steps to prevent harassment, but failing that, an employer should maintain and follow a strong policy on sexual harassment and immediately make an effective response to a complaint.
In Vivo Efficacy of Anidulafungin and Caspofungin against Candida glabrata and Association with In Vitro Potency in the Presence of Sera

In vitro studies have demonstrated that anidulafungin has greater potency than caspofungin against Candida glabrata. However, data from in vivo studies demonstrating that it has superior efficacy are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the activities of anidulafungin and caspofungin against C. glabrata in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Two clinical C. glabrata isolates were used, including one with reduced caspofungin susceptibility. MICs were determined by broth microdilution in the presence and absence of sera. For the animal studies, mice were immunosuppressed with 5-fluorouracil one day prior to intravenous inoculation. Treatment with anidulafungin and caspofungin (0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight per day) was begun 24 h later and was continued through day 7 postinoculation. The CFU were enumerated from kidney tissue. According to the standard microdilution methodology, anidulafungin had superior in vitro activity. However, this enhanced potency was attenuated by the addition of mouse and human sera. Caspofungin reduced the kidney fungal burden at lower doses compared to that achieved with anidulafungin in mice infected with the isolate with the lower MIC. Against the strain with the elevated caspofungin MIC, both anidulafungin and caspofungin were effective in reducing the kidney fungal burden at the higher doses studied. Despite the greater in vitro activity of anidulafungin in the absence of sera, both echinocandins were similarly effective in reducing the fungal burden in kidney tissue. The superior in vitro activity of anidulafungin did not confer enhanced in vivo efficacy against C. glabrata.
The HER-2/neu receptor tyrosine kinase gene encodes a secreted autoinhibitor.

HER-2/neu (erbB-2) encodes an 185-kDa orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is constitutively active as a dimer and displays potent oncogenic activity when overexpressed. Here we describe a secreted protein of ≈68 kDa, designated herstatin, as the product of an alternative HER-2 transcript that retains intron 8. This alternative transcript specifies 340 residues identical to subdomains I and II from the extracellular domain of p185HER-2 followed by a unique C-terminal sequence of 79 aa encoded by intron 8. The recombinant product of the alternative transcript specifically binds to HER-2-transfected cells with a KD of ≈14 nM and was chemically crosslinked to p185HER-2, whereas the intron encoded sequence alone also binds with high affinity to transfected cells and associates with p185 solubilized from cell extracts. The herstatin mRNA is expressed in normal human fetal kidney and liver, but is at reduced levels relative to p185HER-2 mRNA in carcinoma cells that contain an amplified HER-2 gene. Herstatin appears to be an inhibitor of p185HER-2, because it disrupts dimers, reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of p185, and inhibits the anchorage-independent growth of transformed cells that overexpress HER-2.
SHC2 gene copy number in multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Purpose Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic, late onset, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by autonomic failure, together with Parkinsonian, cerebellar, and pyramidal motor symptoms. The pathologic hallmark is the glial cytoplasmic inclusion with α-synuclein aggregates. MSA is thus an α-synucleinopathy. Recently, Sasaki et al. reported that heterozygosity for copy number loss of Src homology 2 domain containing-transforming protein 2 (SHC2) genes (heterozygous SHC2 gene deletions) occurred in DNAs from many Japanese individuals with MSA. Because background copy number variation can be distinct in different human populations, we assessed SHC2 allele copy number in DNAs from a US cohort of individuals with MSA, to determine the contribution of SHC2 gene copy number variation in an American cohort followed at a US referral center for MSA. Our cohort included 105 carefully phenotyped individuals with MSA.
The Media’s Role in America’s Exceptional Politics of Inequality: Framing the Bush Tax Cuts of 2001 and 2003

This study extends Hacker and Pierson’s important research on the politics of inequality by illuminating the critical role of news media in facilitating the public’s acquiescence to government poli...
Spatial and Social Networks in Organizational Innovation

Research on the enabling factors of innovation has focused on either the social component of organizations or on the spatial dimensions involved in the innovation process. But no one has examined the aggregate consequences of the link from spatial layout, to social networks, to innovation. This project enriches our understanding of how innovation works especially in highly innovative organizations by exploring the social dimensions of innovation as they are embedded in a specific spatial milieu. Workspace layout generates spatial boundaries that divide and reunite built space. These boundaries create relations of accessibility and visibility that integrate or segregate behaviors, activities, and people. As built space structures patterns of circulation, copresence, coawareness, and encounter in an organization, these interrelationships become fundamental to the development of social networks, especially those networks critical to the innovation process. This article presents a review of the knowledge bases of social network and spatial layout theories, and reports on a preliminary study of the effects of spatial layout on the formation and maintenance of social network structure and the support of innovation.
Efficient table access for reversible variable-length decoding

A new method for reversible variable-length codes (RVLC) decoding is described, which decreases the amount of table space required, particularly for MPEG-4 video RVLC decoding on a DSP chip. Because of the special structure of RVLC codewords, the decoding techniques that are common for regular VLCs are less efficient when used with RVLCs. The new method does not use the codeword itself to access a lookup table, but instead forms a sort of hash index. This reordering can significantly decrease the amount of memory required by reducing gaps or redundancy in the table entries.
Ligand-Independent Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 by Fluid Shear Stress Regulates Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Fluid shear stress generated by blood flowing over the endothelium is a major determinant of arterial tone, vascular remodeling, and atherogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays an essential role in regulation of vascular function and structure by blood flow, but the molecular mechanisms that transduce mechanical force to eNOS activation are not well understood. In this study, we found that laminar flow (shear stress=12 dyne/cm2) rapidly activates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in a ligand-independent manner and leads to eNOS activation in cultured endothelial cells. Flow-stimulated VEGFR2 recruits phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mediates activation of Akt and eNOS. Inhibiting VEGFR2 kinase with selective inhibitors blocks flow-induced activation of Akt and eNOS and production of NO. Decreasing VEGFR2 expression with antisense VEGFR2 oligonucleotides significantly attenuates activation of Akt and eNOS. Furthermore, Src kinases are involved in flow-stimulated VEGFR2 because inhibiting Src kinases by PP2, a selective inhibitor for Src kinases, abolishes flow-induced VEGFR2 tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Finally, we show that inhibiting VEGFR2 kinase significantly reduces flow-mediated NO-dependent arteriolar dilation in vivo. These data identify VEGFR2 as a key mechanotransducer that activates eNOS in response to blood flow.
Invasive differences among Porphyromonas gingivalis strains from healthy and diseased periodontal sites

Background and Objective The purpose of this study was to determine any difference between Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from periodontally healthy sites as compared to those from diseased sites with respect to the ability to invade host cells.
Creating value: the theory and practice of marketing semiotics research

Creating value: the theory and practice of marketing semiotics research (CV…MSR) by Laura R. Oswald promises to combine and integrate two themes that have proven of great interest to students of ma...
TIM-4 expression by B cells identifies an inflammatory B effector 1 subset that promotes allograft rejection and inhibits tumor metastases (IRC3P.471)

B cells, like T cells, give rise to polarized subsets, termed Be1, Be2 and Breg that produce IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-10, respectively. We previously reported that TIM-1 is an inclusive marker for Be2 cells and Breg that can transfer allograft tolerance. We now show that TIM-4, a TIM-1 ligand, is expressed by a distinct subpopulation (~6-10%) of B cells. TIM-4 B cells are enriched for IFNγ (2.5%) and express relatively less IL-4 (1%) and IL-10 (4%) while TIM-1 B cells are enriched for IL-4 (6.5%) and IL-10 (14%) and express less IFNγ (1%). Accordingly, transfer of TIM-4 B cells to B cell deficient (JhD) islet allograft recipients accelerated rejection (MST 11d) vs. controls (no B cells; MST 15d) or TIM-1 B cell transfer (MST 70d), p
Prognostic and therapeutic implications of post-therapy 18F-FDG PET in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy

1525 Objectives We sought to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic implications of post-therapy PET in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Patients with stages III and IVa-b NPC who had completed primary curative treatment for 3 months were eligible. All of the patients underwent 18F-FDG PET and conventional work up (CWU) for the assessment of treatment response. Results A total of 165 patients were enrolled. Over a median follow-up of 58 months, 30 patients died and 41 had disease recurrence. Multivariable analysis showed that the results of the 3-month post-therapy PET and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumour were independent predictors of overall survival (P = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). TNM tumour stage (P = 0.005), TLG (P = 0.041), and post-therapy PET findings (P Conclusions The results of post-therapy PET are an independent prognostic factor in locoregionally advanced NPC. In patients with stage IVa-b disease, CMR on PET is associated with better DFS rates. Moreover, post-therapy FDG-PET may enable an early detection of occult treatment failure at solitary distant sites.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiographically Detected Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a common medical problem for which management can be quite complex. Imaging remains at the center of management of SPNs, and computed tomography is the primary modality by which SPNs are characterized and followed up for stability. This manuscript summarizes the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria for radiographically detected solitary pulmonary nodules and briefly reviews the various imaging techniques available. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.
Protein—Its Value For Poultry

Abstract In feeding poultry for most profitably productive results, the value of the protein part of the diet has always received special emphasis and the trials which have been carried on have perhaps emphasized this protein factor both in conducting the work and in drawing conclusions. Many of these feeding trials have been with animal products and they have consistently demonstrated the superiority for egg production of a ration containing some feedstuff from an animal source as compared with rations containing feedstuffs from a vegetable source only. Probably because of the fact that animal products are, as a class of foods, much richer in protein than grains and most of the mill feeds used for poultry feeding, it has been generally assumed that the better results obtained with animal products were due to the nature of the protein they contained. No investigational work has, to the writer’s knowledge, been published, however, . . .
Changes in renal blood flow during renal nerve stimulation.

SummaryChanges in canine renal blood flow (RBF) during direct renal nerve stimulation (RNS) were measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter in the presence and absence of autonomic blocking drugs. The degree of renal vasoconstriction increases as frequency of RNS is increased from 2 to 10 cps. Above 20 cps the degree of vasoconstriction decreases. During continued RNS at high frequencies (>10 cps) RBF returns to control flow level. Renal vasoconstriction during RNS is blocked by alpha-adrenergic blockade, unaltered by beta-adrenergic or ganglionic blockade, and absent in reserpinized animals. These findings suggest that decrease in RBF during RNS is due to activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine and that the pathway between constrictor fibers and renal vascular smooth muscle probably does not involve ganglionic synapses. No evidence for participation of cholinergic, or beta-adrenergic receptors during RBF responses to RNS, or for the occurrence of extrinsic renal vasodilator nerves was ...
Commitment, Threat Perceptions, and Expenditures in a Defense Alliance

The economic theory of alliances is based on public goods theory. This theory has been modified to include defense resources with mixed public/private benefits. This paper develops a defense alliance model that distinguishes public from private benefits based on the degree to which defense resources are committed to the alliance. Resources fully committed to the alliance (e.g., U.S. troops stationed abroad) provide public benefits. Partially committed resources (e.g., U.S.-based NATO reinforcements) provide mixed public/private benefits. Finally, resources committed to uses outside the alliance (e.g., internal security and unrelated international interests) provide mostly private benefits. Threat perceptions are also used in explaining alliance defense expenditures. This model provides plausible explanations for recent defense expenditure trends. It also suggests important policy implications. In particular, free riding is an inherent characteristic of defense alliances and aggregate defense expenditure data cannot measure the distribution of the defense burden.
Clinical Study on 11 Cases of Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon in Chinese Children

Objective To analyze the clinical data on 11 cases of kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) in Chinese children. Methods Between January 2005 and June 2009,11 patients with vascular tumor and KMP, 5 males and 6 females, were treated in Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Children′s Hospital and Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital. Their general information, and haematological, pathological, and imaging results were collected for retrospective analysis. Results Haematological test showed that, three patients had typical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), while the others had atypical DIC. CT scanning showed masses or diffused low-density shadows with large, distorted feeding arteries, which were obviously intensified on enhanced film. Eight patients received tumor excision and/or chemotherapy with vincristine, six of whom survived. Pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. Total five patients died from extensive hemorrhage and subsequent multiple organ failure. Conclusion Chinese children with KMP have typical symptoms. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma may be the most common vascular tumor associated with KMP. Surgery combined with chemotherapy is an effective approach for KMP.
Analysis of Chromosome Dynamics and Chromosomal Proteins in Drosophila Spermatocytes

A wide variety of techniques have been utilized to determine the localization of various proteins from premeiotic through meiotic stages in Drosophila males. Live imaging has been instrumental in monitoring chromosome pairing and the localization of fusion proteins. Immunofluorescence has been a widely utilized technique to examine the localization and colocalization of the many proteins involved in meiosis. Recently, an immuno-FISH protocol was developed to observe the co-localization of DNA probes and proteins. In this chapter, detailed protocols outlining these three types of experiments are presented.
The Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum with Chlorpromazine

Summary 1. The results of the treatment of 42 eases of hyperemesis gravidarum with ehlorpromazine are presented. 2. The severity of these cases is documented by the incidence of aceto-nuria, weight loss, history of hyperemesis with prior pregnancies, arid failure to respond to other drugs during the current pregnancy. 3. The dosage regimen is outlined, emphasizing the importance of beginning therapy in the hospital and individualizing the dose according to the patient’s response. 4. Thirty of our 42 patients were cured, 5 were improved, and 7 were initially unrelieved. Two of the latter 7 responded to a second course of therapy. 5. The toxicity of the drug is discussed in detail. All but 7 of the 42 patients exhibited some degree of toxic reaction, usually somnolence and weakness. Four of our own patients became jaundiced, an incidence of 10 per cent. Two other cases of jaundice were sent to us, and one other patient had a transient elevation of serum bilirubin.
Differences that Divide and Bind

The title of this chapter is the title of a 1942 essay in Time and Tide by Rebecca West.2 Like so many British women writers, her inspiration to find meaning in a second world war began with the losses of World War I. Their painful memories were often similar, and not just because so many lost loved ones. It was also because they remembered how their struggles for equality lost ground to the lure of supporting the nation last time it was threatened by world war. Many had rallied to that earlier war effort on behalf of brothers and lovers who risked their lives for it. When the war invaded the home front with a dreaded telegram, many women, including Vera Brittain, Storm Jameson, and Virginia Woolf, turned their anguish into rage against all wars and became pacifists. But just as World War I garnered impassioned differences among women, the awful possibility of an even more engulfing war moved them to weave memory into different patterns for world peace. So Vera Brittain crafted her 1933 odyssey of feminism and pacifism, Testament of Youth, out of her diaries of World War I’s inexplicable waste. Storm Jameson wove her despair at her young brother’s senseless death into many later narratives, each of them arguing the justice of a new and different world war.
Traditional Irish Music in the Twenty-first Century: Networks, Technology, and the Negotiation of Authenticity

A traditional Irish musician prepares for months for the Fleadh Cheoil na hEireann — an annual music competition sponsored by Comhaltas Ceoltoiri Eireann (the Irish Musicians’ Club). The musicians who have made it to this final All-Ireland championship round have been given excellent marks by highly respected traditional musicians at competitions at the county and provincial levels. On the day of the fleadh, competitors perform their pieces for an adjudicator who has been carefully picked by Comhaltas for his or her traditionality and high regard within the musical community. Adjudicators in each competition use a strict set of criteria, also developed by Comhaltas. Top honors go to the musician who, according to the panel of adjudicators and set of category-specific criteria, brings to the stage the most perfect performance. One musician in each category is honored with the coveted All-Ireland prize.
Rapid adversarial co-evolution of viruses and cellular restriction factors.

Since the discovery of viruses over a century ago, virologists have recognized that host genetics plays a major role in viral tropism and the distribution of viruses in nature. Traditionally, studies of tropism have centered on identification of cellular factors required for viral replication, such as cell-surface entry receptors. However, over the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase in the identification and characterization of restriction factors (RFs), here defined as dominant cellular factors that have evolved specifically to interfere with viral replication. Genetic studies suggest that restriction factors impose significant barriers to interspecies movement of viruses and are therefore critical determinants of viral tropism. Furthermore, the scope of the ever-expanding list of restriction factors, and the variety of antiviral mechanisms they represent, testifies to the extraordinary impact viruses have had on organismal evolution—an impact hitherto underappreciated by evolutionary biologists and virologists alike. Recent studies of RF-encoding genes that combine molecular evolutionary analysis with functional assays illustrate the potential for asking questions about virus–host interactions as they play out in natural populations and across evolutionary timescales. Most notably, it has become common to apply tests of positive selection to RF genes and couple these analyses with virological assays, to reveal evidence for antagonistic virus–host co-evolution. Herein, I summarize recent work on the evolutionary genetics of mammalian RFs, particularly those of humans, non-human primates, and model organisms, and how RFs can reveal the influence of virus–host interactions on organismal evolution. Because intensive investigation of RF evolution is fairly new (and because there is still much to learn), the discussion is organized around five broad, outstanding questions that will need to be answered before we can fully appreciate the evolutionary biology of restriction.
Fulminant tracheobronchial aspergillosis.

A man aged 56 years with a history of HIV and diffuse B-cell lymphoma (in remission) was referred to our institute for management of pancytopenia and acute kidney injury. Five days prior to the admission, the patient went to a dental clinic for tooth extraction; he was noted to have a rash on the lateral aspect of his tongue, extending through the oral cavity. On examination, he was alert, awake and oriented to time, place and person. Laboratory investigation revealed Hb: 8.3 mg/dL, WCC: 500 cells/mL and platelet: 70 000 cells/mL. BUN/Cr was 47/3, CD4 count was 350 and HIV viral load was 10 K. Chest X-ray was unremarkable; CT scan chest revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy was scheduled for the evaluation of lymphoma reoccurrence. It …
Lingual hyperpigmentation after 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy

A 76-year-old woman presented to our hospital with abdominal pain, diarrhoea and new-onset hyperpigmented spots on her tongue. Her medical history includes metastatic colon cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in remission after bone marrow transplant, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), osteoarthritis and prior internal jugular deep venous thrombosis (DVT). She had just received second cycle of 5-fluorouracil, bevacizumab and leucovorin 3 days prior to admission. Examination revealed hyperactive bowel sounds, diffuse abdominal tenderness and multiple hyperpigmented …
Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation of steers finished with 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles on fatty acid profiles and display life of strip loins

Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) in beef feedlot diets increases beef polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentration and decreases shelf-life; whereas feeding antioxidants like vitamin E and Agrado-Plus (AG; an ethoxyquin and tert-Butylhydroquinone mixture) mitigates such effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate shelf-life of beef from steers supplemented with WDGS and different antioxidants. One hundred and sixty steers were finished on a corn-based diet with 0% WDGS or 30% WDGS and four antioxidant treatments (no supplementation; vitamin E only; AG only; vitamin E + AG). Ten strip loins from each treatment were collected, aged, cut into steaks, and placed under retail display (2 ± 2°C). During retail display, steaks were evaluated daily for objective colour and subjective discolouration. After retail display, steaks were used to measure lipid oxidation, muscle fatty acids, and vitamin E and ethoxyquin concentrations. Feeding 30% WDGS increased total PUFA in beef when compared with beef from steers fed 0% WDGS (P < 0.05). Supplementing vitamin E or vitamin E + AG was effective in decreasing myoglobin and lipid oxidation in steaks from steers fed 0% or 30% WDGS after retail display (P < 0.01). Supplementation of vitamin E or AG also increased (P < 0.01) muscle tissue vitamin E or ethoxyquin levels, respectively, compared with the diets without vitamin E or AG supplementation. The inclusion of 30% WDGS altered beef fatty acid profiles, but did not promote lipid and myoglobin oxidation compared with the 0% WDGS diet. Feeding vitamin E was effective, whereas supplementing AG had minor effects in decreasing myoglobin and lipid oxidation in steaks from both diet.
The Psychotherapy Outcome Problem: The Development of the Outcome Stability Index

AbstractObjective: Psychotherapy research commonly utilizes clients’ last session score as an indicator of treatment outcome. We examined whether this last session score is consistent with what would be predicted based on clients’ general trajectory in psychological functioning across sessions. We focused on the unstandardized residual variance at the last session, as this represents the degree to which the session score is divergent (or not) from what is predicted from the previous sessions (i.e., Outcome Stability Index; OSI). Method: The sample included 27,958 clients who attended on average 9.41 sessions. Each session, clients completed the Behavioral Health Measure-20 as a measure of psychological functioning. We converted the unstandardized residual variance for clients’ last session score into a Cohen’s d coefficient to aid in interpretation. Results: The mean OSI was 0.07 (SD = 0.58), suggesting excellent stability in their last session therapy outcome scores. However, approximately 33% of clients...
Spatiotemporal Organization of Catalysts Driven by Enhanced Diffusion

Recently, both microfluidic and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments have revealed that diffusion coefficients of active biological catalysts (enzymes) rise proportionately to their catalytic rate. Similar effects have also been observed for active material catalysts, such as platinum nanocatalysts in hydrogen peroxide solution. While differences in diffusion coefficients have recently been cleverly exploited to spatially separate active from inactive catalysts, here we investigate the consequences of these novel findings on the spatiotemporal organization of catalysts. In particular, we show that chemical reactions—such as coupled catalytic reactions—may drive effective attraction or repulsion between catalysts which in turn drives their spatiotemporal organization. This, we argue, may have implications for internal cell signaling.
Kinetic enhancement via passive deposition of carbon-based nanomaterials in vanadium redox flow batteries

Abstract Addition of carbon-based nanomaterials to operating flow batteries accomplishes vanadium redox flow battery performance improvement. Initial efforts focus on addition of both pristine graphene and vacuum-filtered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film on carbon paper supporting electrodes. While the former is unable to withstand convective flow through the porous electrode, the latter shows measurable kinetic improvement, particularly when laid on the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) side of the electrode; in contrast to the kinetic performance gain, a deleterious impact on mass transport is observed. Based on this tradeoff, further improvement is realized using perforated rGO films placed on the PEM side of the electrodes. Poor mass transport in the dense rGO film prompts identification of a more uniform, passive deposition method. A suspension of rGO flakes or Vulcan carbon black (XC-72R), both boasting two orders-of-magnitude greater specific surface area than that of common carbon electrodes, is added to the electrolyte reservoirs and allowed to passively deposit on the carbon paper or carbon felt supporting electrodes. For common carbon felt electrodes, addition of rGO flakes or XC-72R enables a tripling of current density at the same 80% voltage efficiency.
Blood pressure parameters and morbid and mortal outcomes in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of review Observational and interventional studies provide conflicting evidence regarding optimal blood pressure (BP) control in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent publications provide additional information to inform therapeutic decision-making. Recent findings Targeting SBP to less than 120 mmHg, versus less than 140 mmHg, decreased cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in persons with nondiabetic CKD. A meta-analysis of trials testing blood pressure management among nondialysis-dependent CKD patients (15 924 total patients) found more intensive therapies generally reduced mortality in all subgroups. Observational studies demonstrate that low SBP is associated with higher mortality in CKD. A recent report suggests that this is because of death from cardiovascular and noncardiovascular and nonmalignant causes, whereas higher BP is associated with death from cardiovascular causes. The shape of association between BP and cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events also appears to vary depending on baseline risk factors. Furthermore, BP measurement methodology may differ importantly between observational and interventional studies. Summary We review and summarize observational and interventional literature relating BP parameters to key clinical outcomes in persons with CKD. Apart from the inherent differences between these study designs, the disparate findings from trials and observational studies may be because of differences in patient characteristics and BP measurement techniques.
Impact of skeletal heterogeneity and treatment method on interpretation of environmental variability from the proteinaceous skeletons of deep-sea gorgonian octocorals

Abstract The stable isotope geochemistry of gorgonian octocoral skeletons facilitates detailed time series reconstructions of nutrient biogeochemistry. However, comparisons among reconstructions from different locations require realistic estimates of the uncertainty surrounding each measured geochemical value. Here, we determine quantitative uncertainties related to 1) standard skeletal pretreatment in preparation for stable isotopic analysis and 2) biological variability associated with a heterogeneous isotopic composition of the gorgonin skeleton. We found that the 5% HCl pretreatment required for the δ13C measurements does not significantly impact the δ15N values of the skeleton nor the reproducibility of the δ15N measurements. In contrast, while 5% HCl pretreatment significantly altered bulk δ13C values via removal of CaCO3, it did not change amino acid δ13C values in the organic skeleton. We found that the variance of repeat measurements of skeleton samples formed contemporaneously and homogenized skeleton for both δ13C and δ15N exceeded that of instrumental uncertainty of an acetanilide standard. This indicates that instrumental uncertainty underestimates the true precision of an isotopic measurement of the organic skeleton. Furthermore, measurements of contemporaneous skeleton around the circumference of an octocoral colony yielded variability exceeding that of homogenized skeleton. Based on these results, we find that 1) both δ13C and δ15N values can be measured simultaneously in pretreated skeleton, 2) growth bands should be homogenized prior to analysis, and 3) reported error should include uncertainty due to biological effects determined from repeat analysis of homogenized skeleton and not just instrument error to reduce false significant differences. Our results present an important protocol for processing proteinaceous octocoral skeletons and propagating uncertainty to more accurately reconstruct nutrient dynamics from proteinaceous deep-sea octocoral skeletons.
Increasing Access to Hepatitis C Virus Medications: A Program Model Using Patient Navigators and Specialty Pharmacy to Obtain Prior Authorization Approval.

BACKGROUND: Obtaining prior authorization (PA) approval for the new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) hepatitis C medications is time consuming and requires specific expertise. Our primary care-based p...
Psychological Events as Integrated Fields

J. R. Kantor had an exceptional career with great implications for the philosophy of science and science of psychology. The present commentary provides an overview of Kantor’s construction of psychological events as integrated fields. In doing so, specific attention is given to constructs and events in general, and in the domain of psychology specifically. Related topics, such as the subject matters of the various sciences, are also considered. The unique, multi-factored field nature of Kantor’s psychological event construct is highlighted and contrasted with more common constructions in the field of behavior science. The implications of Kantor’s psychological event for scientific investigation are considered.