cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of feature discriminability on the intertrial inhibition of focused attention

Identifying the shape of a colour oddball is faster when the distractor colour is viewed in the preceding target-absent trial and slower when the target colour is previewed, an intertrial effect known as the distractor previewing effect (DPE). We tested the effect of feature discriminability on the DPE. In Experiment 1, we determined the interitem discriminability of two colour pairs and two shape pairs. In Experiments 2 and 3, we measured DPEs with these set of target–distractor discriminability pairs. Our results showed that when the defining features allow for efficient parallel search, the a priori degree of interitem discriminability did not modulate the DPE. The results suggest the DPE does not arise as a strictly bottom-up modulation of saliency of the search-relevant features but reflects an attentional bias aimed at preventing attention from revisiting recently rejected “search features”. The underlying mechanism of this attentional bias is discussed.
SU-FF-T-112: Commissioning of a CyberKnife G4 System at Stanford University Medical Center

Objective: A CyberKnife G4 system was installed at SUMC in September 2006. Unique challenges involved in the commissioning process of this system such as determination of kQ for absolute calibration, direct TPR measurement, output factor measurements for small collimators, and radiation dose verification are discussed. Comparisons are made between this newer G4 system and the older G3 system at SUMC which was also recently recommissioned as part of an upgrade. Methods: An anthropomorphic head phantom was used for testing four different available tracking modes. All beam data acquisition and measurement were performed with either an Accuray small solid water phantom or a Wellhofer water phantom. A minor modification of the TG‐51 protocol was implemented in order to determine the beam quality factor kQ. A PTW Farmer's ion chamber TN30013 was used for absolute calibration and dose verification. Scanditronix SFD and RFD diodes as well as a PTW 60008 diode were used for all relative dose measurements. Results: All subsystem functionalities were verified to agree with the manufacturer's specifications. The system targeting accuracy was less than 0.4 mm for 6D skull, spinal skeleton, 6D fiducial, and Synchrony tracking. The beam quality factor kQ was determined to be 0.9917. Radiation leakage at 1.5 cm depth and 80 cm SAD measured at 0.16 cGy/min when the CyberKnife robot was in transit or standby. Radiation dose delivery at the center of the target was within 1% as planned. The output factor for 5 mm collimator was 0.710 at 80 cm SAD. Directed TPR measurements, field width, flatness, symmetry, and penumbra agreed with composite data collected by Accuray. Conclusions: The performance of the CyberKnife G4 system satisfied the manufacturer's specifications. This sophisticated combination of robotics and near‐real‐time imaging guidance allows frameless stereotactic radiosurgery for both intracranial and extracranial lesions to be delivered with submillimeter accuracy.
Concentration and Metabolic Turnover of Indoles in Germinating Kernels of Zea mays L.

The amounts and rates of metabolic turnover of the indolylic compounds in germinating kernels of sweet corn were determined. Knowledge of pool size and rate of pool turnover has permitted: ( a ) identification of indole-3-acetyl- myo -inositol as the major chemical form for transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from endosperm to shoot; ( b ) demonstration that the free IAA of the endosperm is turning over rapidly with a half-life of 3.2 hours; ( c ) identification of esters of IAA as the immediate precursors of IAA in the endosperm and shoot; ( d ) demonstration that neither tryptophan nor tryptamine is a major precursor of IAA for the seed or shoot; ( e ) identification of IAA- myo -inositol glycosides as precursors of IAA- myo -inositol. It is concluded that seedlings of Zea mays utilize esters of IAA, and not tryptophan or its derivatives, for the IAA requirements of the germinating seedling.
Simultaneous detection of multiple gene expression in mouse and human individual preimplantation embryos

Abstract Objective: To detect simultaneously multiple gene expression in mouse and human individual embryos by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Design: Transcripts involved in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system were detected in mouse and human preimplantation embryos. Setting: An academic teaching hospital. Main Outcome Measure(s): Transcripts of the IGF family genes. Result(s): In the mouse, genes are expressed differentially and messenger RNA transcripts of maternal origin in nonfertilized ova decline gradually until the initiation of the embryonic genome transcription. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP)-2, -3, -4, and β-actin transcripts appear to be initiated at the two- to four-cell stage, whereas IGFBP-1, -5, and -6 transcripts are initiated at later stages. Transcription, once initiated, appears to continue through to the blastocyst stage. In humans, almost all genes of the IGF system were expressed in preimplantation embryos. This is the first report of the assessment of IGF family transcripts in individual embryos, and introduces a novel method for research and clinical diagnosis of preimplantation embryos.
Transcription of chromatin from two classes of human leukemic leukocytes.

Abstract Chromatin prepared from representatives of two series of leukemic human leukocytes, myelocytic and lymphocytic, was studied with respect to template properties. As compared to naked DNA the template activity of the myelocytic chromatin (9 %) was higher than lymphocytic chromatin (5 %). By hybridization-competition experiments it was shown that the in vitro chromatin transcripts are similar to in vivo RNA. The RNA products synthesized from myelocytic and lymphocytic chromatin have many transcripts in common, but myelocytic chromatin has more transcribable repetitive DNA sequences than does lymphocytic chromatin.
Quantifying information rate increase by constrained codes for recording channels with media noise

The achievable information rates for magnetic recording channels with media noise, when constrained codes are employed, are computed. It is shown that higher information rates can be achieved by using specific constrained codes compared to the unconstrained system with independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) equiprobable binary inputs. The results are compared with the optimised information rates of such channels over general Markov inputs.
LDV Sensing and Processing for Remote Hearing in a Multimodal Surveillance System

Recent improvements in laser vibrometry and day/night infrared (IR) and electro-optical (EO) imaging technology have created the opportunity to create a long-range multimodal surveillance system. This multimodal capability would greatly improve security force performance through clandestine listening of targets that are probing or penetrating a perimeter defense. This system could also provide the feeds for advanced face and voice recognition systems.
No more psychiatric labels: Why formal psychiatric diagnostic systems should be abolished

This article argues that psychiatric diagnoses are not valid or useful. The use of psychiatric diagnosis increases stigma, does not aid treatment decisions, is associated with worsening long-term prognosis for mental health problems, and imposes Western beliefs about mental distress on other cultures. This article reviews the evidence base focusing in particular on empirical findings in relation to the topics of: aetiology, validity, reliability, treatment and outcome, prognosis, colonialism, and cultural and public policy impact. This evidence points toward diagnostic based frameworks for understanding and intervening in mental health diffi- culties being unable to either improve our scientific knowledge or improve outcomes in clinical practice and suggests that we need to move away from reliance on diagnostic based approaches for organising research and service delivery. Alternative evidence-based models for organising effective mental health care are available. Therefore formal psychiatric diagnostic systems such as the mental health section of the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Edition (ICD-10) and Diagnostic Statistical Manual Fifth Edition (DSM 5) should be abolished. © 2014 Asociacion Espade Psicologia Conductual. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.
Selection of dinB Alleles Suppressing Survival Loss upon dinB Overexpression in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli strains overproducing DinB undergo survival loss; however, the mechanisms regulating this phenotype are poorly understood. Here we report a genetic selection revealing DinB residues essential to effect this loss-of-survival phenotype. The selection uses strains carrying both an antimutator allele of DNA polymerase III (Pol III) α-subunit (dnaE915) and either chromosomal or plasmid-borne dinB alleles. We hypothesized that dnaE915 cells would respond to DinB overproduction differently from dnaE+ cells because the dnaE915 allele is known to have an altered genetic interaction with dinB+ compared to its interaction with dnaE+. Notably, we observe a loss-of-survival phenotype in dnaE915 strains with either a chromosomal catalytically inactive dinB(D103N) allele or a low-copy-number plasmid-borne dinB+ upon DNA damage treatment. Furthermore, we find that the loss-of-survival phenotype occurs independently of DNA damage treatment in a dnaE915 strain expressing the catalytically inactive dinB(D103N) allele from a low-copy-number plasmid. The selective pressure imposed resulted in suppressor mutations that eliminated growth defects. The dinB intragenic mutations examined were either base pair substitutions or those that we inferred to be loss of function (i.e., deletions and insertions). Further analyses of selected novel dinB alleles, generated by single-base-pair substitutions in the dnaE915 strain, indicated that these no longer effect loss of survival upon overproduction in dnaE+ strains. These mutations are mapped to specific areas of DinB; this permits us to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the DinB-mediated overproduction loss-of-survival phenotype.
High power and good beam quality at 980 nm from a vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser

We demonstrate 1.5-W continuous-wave output power from a vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) based on InGaAs quantum wells as the gain medium. The VECSEL is pumped by the output of a single-bar diode-laser array at 814 nm and produces an optical-to-optical efficiency of 19%. The high output power is made possible by the use of a sapphire window optically contacted to the intracavity semiconductor surface for heat removal. We demonstrate the good beam quality of the VECSEL output by obtaining 1-W output from a single-mode fiber for 1.5 W launched with simple lenses. Pulsed operation produces a maximum peak power of ∼4.4 W and maximum average power of ∼2 W.
Intrarenal Nitric Oxide Activity and Pressure Natriuresis in Anesthetized Dogs

Recent studies have indicated that changes in intrarenal nitric oxide (NO) production participate in mediating arterial pressure-induced changes in urinary sodium excretion. Until recently, however, the means to measure changes in intrarenal NO activity in vivo have not been available. For the present study, changes in renal tissue NO activities were assessed directly using an NO-selective microelectrode inserted into the cortical tissue of anesthetized dogs. Control studies demonstrated that the electrode was responsive to intrarenal bolus injections of acetylcholine and to the NO donor S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Intrarenal nitro-L-arginine (50 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) decreased renal tissue NO concentration by 593+/-127 nmol/L (P<0.05; n=7). Infusions of SNAP (1, 2, and 3 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 25 minutes) in nitro-L-arginine-treated dogs (n=5) resulted in dose-dependent increases in renal tissue NO activity, which showed a positive correlation with changes in urinary excretion rates of NO metabolites, nitrates and nitrites, (r=0.62, P<0.05) and sodium (r=0.78, P<0.01). During graded reductions of renal arterial pressure within the autoregulatory range (144+/-3 to 73+/-2 mm Hg; n=10), there were decreases in tissue NO activity that were positively correlated with changes in renal arterial pressure (r=0.45; P<0.05), urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion (r=0.64, P<0.005), and urinary sodium excretion (r=0.46; P<0.05). These data support the hypothesis that acute changes in renal arterial pressure result in alterations in intrarenal NO activity, which may be responsible for the associated changes in sodium excretion.
Computational Methods for Reconstructing and Unfolding the Cerebral Cortex

We describe computational methods for constructing three-dimensional models and unfolded, two-dimensional maps of the cerebral cortex. These methods consist of four procedures, including (1) sampling of a surface within the cortex, (2) reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of that surface, (3) unfolding of the surface to generate a two-dimensional cortical map, and (4) visualization of data on the model and the map. These methods produce structurally accurate representations of the cortex and have practical advantages over previous manual and automated approaches for flattening the cortex. We illustrate the application of these methods to neuroanatomical data obtained from histological sections of cerebral cortex in the macaque monkey. The approach should be equally useful for structural and functional studies in other species, including humans.
Stability and non-linear second-order elastic analyses of beam and framed structures with semi-rigid connections using the cross method

Abstract The main objective of this publication is to present an extended version of the Moment Distribution Method (MDM) for the stability and non-linear second-order analysis of indeterminate beams and framed structures made of beam-columns of symmetrical cross-section including the combined effects of shear and bending deformations, axial loads, and semi-rigid connections. The proposed method along each member has the following advantages: (1) it can be utilized in the first- and second-order analyses (including buckling analysis) of indeterminate beams and framed structures made of beam-columns with rigid, semi-rigid, and simple end connections; (2) the effects of semi-rigid connections are condensed into the bending stiffness and fixed-end moments without introducing additional degrees of freedom and equations of equilibrium; and (3) it is accurate, powerful, practical, versatile, and an excellent teaching tool. Analytical studies indicate that shear deformations, semi-rigid connections, and axial loads increase the lateral deflections and affect the internal moments and reactions of continuous beams and framed structures. These effects must be taken into account particularly in slender structures and when they are made of beam or columns with relatively low effective shear areas (like laced columns, columns with batten plates or with perforated cover plates, and columns with open webs) or with low shear stiffness (like short columns made of laminated composites with low shear modulus G when compared to their elastic modulus E) making the shear stiffness GAs of the same order of magnitude as EI/L2. These effects become even more significant when the external supports are not perfectly clamped. Three comprehensive examples are included that show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An analysis framework for network-code programs

Distributed real-time systems require a predictable and verifiable mechanism to control the communication medium. Current real-time communication protocols are typically in-dependent of the application and have intrinsic limitations that impede customizing or optimizing them for the application. Therefore, either the developer must adapt her application and work around these subtleties or she must limit the capabilities of the application being developed.Network Code, in contrast, is a more expressive and exible model that specifies real-time communication schedules as programs. By providing a programmable media access layer on the basis of TDMA, Network Code permits creating application-specific protocols that suit the particular needs of the application. However, this gain in exibility also incurs additional costs such as increased communication and run-time overhead. Therefore, engineering an application with network code necessitates that these costs are analyzed, quantified, and weighted against the benefit.In this work, we propose a framework to analyze network-code programs for commonly used metrics such as overhead, schedulability, and average waiting time. We introduce Timed Tree Communication Schedules, based on timed automata to model such programs and define metrics in the context of deterministic and probabilistic communication schedules. To demonstrate the utility of our framework, we study an inverted pendulum system and show that we can decrease the cumulative numeric error in the model's implementation through analyzing and improving the schedule based on the presented metrics.
Geomorphology, disturbance, and the soil and vegetation of two subtropical wet steepland watersheds of Puerto Rico.

Abstract Relationships between landforms, soil nutrients, forest structure, and the relative importance of different disturbances were quantified in two subtropical wet steepland watersheds in Puerto Rico. Ridges had fewer landslides and treefall gaps, more above-ground biomass, older aged stands, and greater species richness than other landscape positions. Ridge soils had relatively low quantities of exchangeable bases but high soil organic matter, acidity and exchangeable iron. Valley sites had higher frequencies of disturbance, less biomass, younger aged stands, lower species richness and soils with more exchangeable bases. Soil N, P, and K were distributed relatively independently of geomorphic setting, but were significantly related to the composition and age of vegetation. On a watershed basis, hurricanes were the dominant natural disturbance in the turnover of individuals, biomass, and forest canopy. However, turnover by the mortality of individuals that die without creating canopy openings was faster than the turnover by any natural disturbance. Only in riparian areas was forest turnover by treefall gaps faster than turnover by hurricanes. The same downslope mass transfer that links soil forming processes across the landscape also influences the distribution of landslides, treefall gaps, and the structure and composition of the forest. One consequence of these interactions is that the greatest above-ground biomass occurs on ridges where the soil nutrient pools are the smallest. Geomorphic stability, edaphic conditions, and biotic adaptations apparently override the importance of spatial variations in soil nutrients in the accumulation of above-ground biomass at this site.
Imposition of despair—An ethnography of women in prison

An ethnography, or cultural description, of women's prisons has been developed from observations and interview information collected at two different minimum security prisons for women in the State of New Mexico. 1 Data were collected at the Women's Honor Unit, Albuquerque, New Mexico, during five months of field research (1978–1979). Twenty-six women were held prisoner in this minimum security center, located in an urban setting on the grounds of the state diagnostic and detention center for juveniles. The facility was a large old house, once used by the Superintendent of the Juvenile Center. This unit was closed in 1980 . The research follows in the tradition of the early studies of men's prisons and provides a dynamic explanation of the cultural categories of incarcerated women. In addition, the Radium Springs Center for Women was a source for research data during eighteen months of field research (1981–1982). This minimum security center held thirty-eight women in a rural setting in the southern part ...
CL‐20 performance exceeds that of HMX and its sensitivity is moderate

The explosive performance of ϵ-CL-20 was found to be approximately 14% greater than HMX as determined by cylinder expansion and tantalum plate acceleration experiments. This makes it the most powerful explosive ever tested at small volume expansions of the detonation products. In general CL-20 is more sensitive than HMX. However, the sensitivity of CL-20 to one-dimensional shock loading was found to be similar to HMX.
Management of Weight Gain Associated with Antipsychotics

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in untreated patients with severe mental illness mimicks the trends seen in the general population. Furthermore, weight gain is likely to occur with the addition of pharmacotherapy with an antipsychotic. The literature does indicate that despite fundamental cognitive and psychosocial deficits seen in patients with severe and persistent mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it is possible to effectively manage weight gain in this population. In particular, behavioral interventions have been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of weight gain associated with antipsychotic therapy. Some success has also been seen with the use of adjunctive medication such as amantadine, histamine (H2) antagonists, metformin, topiramate, and orlistat. Additional, prospective, controlled studies of long-term antipsychotic drug associated weight gain and its clinical consequences are needed in order to identify the most effective therapy for the reduction and maintenance of body weight in patients taking antipsychotic therapy.
Interference mitigation in spread spectrum communication systems using time-frequency distributions

The capability of the time-frequency distributions (TFDs) to properly represent a single as well as multiple component signals in time and frequency permits the application of a new approach for interference excision in spread spectrum communication systems. The instantaneous frequency (IF) estimate from the TFD is used to construct a finite impulse response filter that reduces the interference power with a minimum possible distortion of the desired signal. The proposed technique is therefore a case of open-loop adaptive filtering. Three- and five-coefficient zero-phase excision filters are considered. Closed-form expressions of the improvement of SNR at the receiver correlator output using the TFD-based adaptive filtering are derived for two extreme cases of time-varying interferers, namely, those of fixed frequency sinusoids and randomly changing instantaneous frequencies. Simulation results including the bit error rates are presented for both swept and frequency hopping jammers.
Transaxial Repair of Postinfarction Posterior Ventricular Septal Defect

Repair of a postinfarction posterior ventricular septal defect generally has been performed by ventriculotomy in the infarct zone. This approach carries a significant mortality and morbidity from hemorrhage, extending infarction, or further compromise of ventricular function secondary to suture placement. A successful transatrial repair of a postinfarction posterior ventricular septal defect is presented. The simplicity of this operation and the patient's rapid recovery contrasted remarkably with the transventricular approach used in previous patients.
Turbulent urinary flow in the urethra could be a causal factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common form of prostate disease in middle-aged and elderly men, and leads to severe impairment later in life. Despite its significant impact on public health, the underlying cause of BPH is yet to be determined. This hypothesis proposes a new causal factor for BPH. Applying concepts of dynamics of fluids to the process of urination it could be stated that a turbulent urinary flow through the passage of the urethra. The turbulent urinary flow in the urethra applies pressure and stretch forces to the surrounding tissue. This stimulus repeated over time and coupled with age-related changes of the urethral tissue could contribute to the development of BPH. In support of this hypothesis, several mechanotransduction studies have shown that vibration and pressure forces applied to different cell tissues can provoke cellular and molecular changes. Another supportive data is the presence of the hyperplasic reaction surrounding the urethra specifically located in the transition zone, the only zone where BPH develops. It is crucial to identify causal factors to understanding the disease and to determine effective primary prevention strategies. Future studies of the dynamics of fluids in the urethra are warranted. The finding of significant forces transmitted to the periurethral tissue from a turbulent urinary flow could give us the clue to the underlying cause of BPH. If this hypothesis proves to be valid there are several primary prevention measures that could be implemented to impede the development of BPH. Educational intervention measures in younger populations to avoid frequent urinary retention and active urination (process of forcing the urine through the urethra at a high velocity) could be considered. Studies of the impact of turbulence in the standing vs. sitting position during urination in men should also be considered.
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations of the Acute Morphological Response of the Mouse Urinary Bladder to 4-Ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-Sulfonamide

Amrum A total of 75 BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr male weanling mice were administered either 0 or 250 ppm of 4 ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (ENS) in the diet for periods up to 14 days to evaluate the early morphological changes of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Primary TEM changes included hyperplasia of the epithelium, loosening of the intercellular junctions, autophagic vacuoles and electron dense granules in the mitochondria. Primary SEM changes included sloughing of epithelial cells, irregularity in the size and shape of the transitional epithelial cells and the presence of microvilli. Although pleomorphic microvilli were present alter only three days of treatment with ENS, it appears that they are a transient observation in a series of morphological changes. The reversibility or transient nature of the pleomorphic microvilli may indicate that they are an acute toxic response and may not necessarily indicate a preneoplastic change.
A Pump-Gate Jot Device With High Conversion Gain for a Quanta Image Sensor

A new photodetector designed for Quanta image sensor application is proposed. The photodetector is a backside-illuminated, buried photodiode with a vertically integrated pump and transfer gate and a distal floating diffusion to reduce parasitic capacitance. The structure features compact layout and high conversion gain. The proposed device is modeled and simulated, and its performance characteristics estimated.
Bond energies of transition metal dimers: TiZr, TiNb, and ZrV

Abstract The bond dissociation energies of TiZr, TiNb, and ZrV have been determined by the abrupt onset of predissociation in an extremely congested vibronic spectrum of these molecules. From these predissociation thresholds the dissociation energies are determined to be D0(TiZr) = 2.183 ± 0.001 eV, D0(TiNb) = 3.092 ± 0.001 eV, and D0(ZrV) = 2.663 ± 0.003 eV. After making a correction for the promotion energies required to prepare the atoms for bonding, the intrinsic bond energies of these molecules are compared and periodic trends in the bonding of the 3d-4d mixed transition metal dimers are discussed.
Brand Equity Management in a Multichannel, Multimedia Retail Environment

Today's multichannel, multimedia retail marketing environment presents a number of brand management challenges. From a micro perspective, marketers must manage each individual channel and communication option to maximize their direct sales and brand equity effects, as well as any indirect brand equity effects from being associated with a particular channel or communication option. From a macro perspective, marketers must design and implement channel and communication options such that sales and brand equity effects are synergistic. Concepts, frameworks, and future research directions are put forth to address these different challenges.
Two-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) of reactive neutral and ion flow in a high density plasma reactor

We present a two dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) study of the rarefied reactive flow of neutrals and ions in a low pressure inductively coupled plasma reactor. The spatially-dependent rate coefficients of electron impact reactions and the electrostatic field were obtained from a fluid plasma simulation. Neutral and ion etching of polysilicon with chlorine gas was studied with emphasis on the reaction uniformity along the wafer. Substantial gradients in total gas density were observed across the reactor invalidating the commonly made assumption of constant gas density. The flow was nonequilibrium with differences in the species translational temperatures, and 100 K temperature jumps near the walls. When etching was limited by ions the etch rate was highest at the wafer center. When etching was limited by neutrals, the etch rate was highest at the wafer edge. In such case, the etch uniformity changed significantly depending on the reactivity of the ring surrounding the wafer. The ion angular distribution was several degrees off normal and it was different at the wafer edge compared to the rest of the wafer. >
Transient pressures in hydrotechnical tunnels during earthquakes

Transient pressures generated by earthquake shaking in hydrotechnical tunnels are evaluated by the discrete Fourier transform technique. The effects of the horizontal ground motion accelerating the closed downstream tunnel gate, as well as the upstream dam face, and the influence of the vertical motion of the reservoir floor are considered in this analysis. An example of a typical bottom outlet is analysed by subjecting it to several computed accelerograms. It is shown that high hydrodynamic pressures can be developed, several times larger than the hydrostatic pressure.
Coherent correlator multi-sensor receiver

The focus of this paper is to discuss theoretical and practical applications of a coherent correlator transceiver (CCT) system approach for SAW RFID sensors, with the vision toward low cost sensing. For high volume applications, it appears achievable to meet the ultimate system goals and costs with RF device integration. As with most technologies, the sensor device and system volumes will drive the cost down, and it seems reasonable to expect a similar product cycle as with SAW filters. Theoretical predictions of range, SNR, and correlation properties will be shown for differing system parameters, such as bandwidth, power, coherent integration, and ADC parameters. A comparison of SAW device resonant, CDMA and OFC type signal formats will be given and an approach for signal detection and extraction discussed. Recent measurement results for a 915 MHZ, 64 MHz bandwidth, CCT system using OFC SAW temperature sensors will be given and compared to predictions, which demonstrates the practicality and implementation of the system architecture.
Design and fabrication of a microlens array by use of a slow tool servo

In recent years it has become possible to fabricate free-form optics by use of multiaxis ultraprecision machines. Here a 5×5 microlens array is fabricated by using an ultraprecision diamond turning machine equipped with four independent axes. Unlike the conventional process where a single diamond tool is used to machine one lens at a time, this research demonstrates the development of an innovative diamond tool trajectory that allows the entire microlens array to be machined in a single operation. The machined microlens array is measured for both curve conformity and surface roughness. Compared to the conventional approach where indexing the workpiece is difficult and unreliable, this process can produce microlenses with accurate geometry and optical surface finish. This unique process is described in detail from optical measurement to machining process design and development to final results. This research also demonstrates the possibility of fabricating any arbitrary shape with the same approach.
Integrated force measurement for on-line cutting geometry inspection

A novel on-line cutting geometry inspection technique based on the integrated force-sensing method has been developed. A piezoelectric force sensor, mounted at the back of a single crystal diamond tool, was used to measure the cutting forces encountered by the tool system as it plunge-cut parallel micro flow channels on copper foils about 125 /spl mu/m in thickness. The force data were then converted by a software code which calculates the geometrical dimensions (depth and width) of the micro channels that had been cut. A series of experiments were conducted for four different feeds: 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 5.0 /spl mu/m/rev., at a constant workpiece speed of 2,400 rpm. Error analysis showed that the maximum relative error of the measurement, as compared to the results from the theoretical analysis, is 9.8%. By incorporating this force sensing technique into the machine tool control system, a real-time control unit can be implemented which conducts on-line adjustment of the diamond cutting performance to improve manufacturing quality. >
Target Cell Prolactin

Prolactin (PRL) is a pluritrophic protein hormone that exerts multiple actions not only on different target tissues but also even within a single target cell population. Its modus operandi, however, has been elusive.
The artificial vagina.

Abstract The etiology of congenital and acquired vaginal atresia is discussed. Ten patients with acquired and 124 with congenital vaginal atresia are presented. Artificial vaginas were constructed in 110. Preoperative investigation and preparation of the patient are essential for success. Selection of the time for operation is critical. Surgical technique is described including that used for construction of a new vagina at time of vaginectomy. Vaginal reconstruction should be considered at the time of any operation which involves removal of the vagina.
Thyroid and Parathyroids

The thyroid gland is an essential component of our endocrine system and regulates a wide range of critical metabolic functions. Both focal and diffuse thyroid disorders can impact function. The parathyroid glands regulate serum calcium levels. Parathyroid evaluation is almost always done in the setting of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. A combination of imaging techniques is used to evaluate thyroid and parathyroid pathology and function, including ultrasound, CT, MRI, and radionuclide imaging.
Interlanguage parallel scripting for distributed-memory scientific computing

Scripting languages such as Python and R have been widely adopted as tools for the development of scientific software because of the expressiveness of the languages and their available libraries. However, deploying scripted applications on large-scale parallel computer systems such as the IBM Blue Gene/Q or Cray XE6 is a challenge because of issues including operating system limitations, interoperability challenges, and parallel filesystem overheads due to the small file system accesses common in scripted approaches. We present a new approach to these problems in which the Swift scripting system is used to integrate high-level scripts written in Python, R, and Tcl with native code developed in C, C++, and Fortran, by linking Swift to the library interfaces to the script interpreters. We present a technique to efficiently launch scripted applications on supercomputers, and we demonstrate high performance, such as invoking 14M Python interpreters per second on Blue Waters.
Nuclear Electric Monopole Transition in Ca 42

The ${0}^{+}$ assignment to the 1.836-Mev, second-excited state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{42}$ has been confirmed by the observation of electric monopole electron-positron pairs and internal conversion electrons corresponding to the cross over transition to the ground state. The shape of the continuous positron spectrum from the $E0$ pairs, as well as the ratio $R=9.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8$ of pairs to $E0$ conversion electrons are consistent with theoretical predictions for an $E0$ transition. 0.305-Mev internal conversion electrons were observed corresponding to the transition between the 1.836-Mev and the ${2}^{+}$, 1.523-Mev, first excited state. The ratio of 1.836-Mev to 0.305-Mev electron yields is 1.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10. From these and other data the monopole strength parameter $\ensuremath{\rho}$ was determined to be 0.41.
Legal, Regulatory, and Ethical Issues in the Use of Telemedicine

With major pressures to provide greater levels of care with fewer care providers, there are significant incentives to expand telemedicine/telehealth to achieve efficiency. Advancement in technology of telemedicine has far outpaced the political, legislative, legal, and ethical maturation yielding considerable uncertainty and confusion. The aim of this chapter is to review the state of the literature and legal atmosphere surrounding telemedicine and provide guidance, where possible, for providers of telemedicine services. Regarding the legislative environment, the practitioner will have to consult references provided for specifics of each state. Regarding licensure, there is an expected evolution toward or approximating national licensure or reciprocity but each state will reserve the right to design their own licensure requirements. Regarding the state of malpractice, the case law is immature and time will provide more guidance. The ethics of telemedicine and standards applicable to traditional face-to-face medicine will apply with some fine nuances. Finally, reimbursement for telemedicine services seems to have been evolving positively until the recent rules changed.
The Effect of Pricing Strategy on Home Selection and Transaction Prices: An Investigation of the Left-Most Digit Effect

In this study, we examine whether homebuyers favor homes associated with just below pricing strategies or those with rounded prices (e.g., $199,900 vs. $200,000). The inclination for just below pri...
Periodic and Average Flapping Wing Force Measurement

Research into the flight of flapping winged vehicles (ornithopters) is still uncovering the basic aeroelastic interactions involved in flight at this scale. The complex relationships between structure and fluid are driven by vortex shedding and pushing air, rather than traditional aerodynamics. Passive membranes with synergistic structural stiffness are effective in creating billowing and producing lift. The periodic flapping of the wings involves periodic aerodynamics requiring different testing methods. This work evaluates the effect of wind speed and mount stiffness on performance of an ornithopter compared to in-flight conditions. A commercial-off-the-shelf flapping-wing vehicle is used since it is known to fly. In-flight conditions are ascertained via videogrammetry since it offers accurate, noncontact measurements of pose and speed. Results measure the nominal speed along with the periodic plunge, surge and pitch of the vehicle. Force testing is conducted at various air speeds to show that despite the low flying speed, some air flow is necessary to achieve the lift observed in flight.
Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator Hydroprene on Nondiapausing Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasite of the Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The insect growth regulator hydroprene was topically applied at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, or 50 μg to nondiapausing, adult Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) containing developing eggs and early- and late-instar M. aethiopoides . Hydroprene increased number of M. aethiopoides larvae emerging from topically treated adult H. postica but did not affect number of larvae pupating. An interaction where all concentrations produced some adverse effect was observed between age of M. aethiopoides and hydroprene concentration. Sensitivity to hydroprene increased as parasite larvae aged.
Monuments and Ruins: Atlanta and Columbia Remember Sherman

Commemorations of the burning of Atlanta and Columbia reveal the relationship of form and content in Confederate memory. Atlanta monuments announced civic rejuvenation to national audiences, particularly tourists. Columbia ruins lamented the fracture of local elites' political dominance. The divergent cultures informed Margaret Mitchell's fabrication of Lost Cause myth in Gone with the Wind (1936) and Elizabeth Boatwright Coker's excavation of Lost Cause legend in La Belle (1959). The decline of monuments and ruins contributed to the transformation of the Lost Cause into a different configuration of Confederate memory during the decade of the Civil War centennial.
The Logic of Graph-Theoretic Duality

(1985). The Logic of Graph-Theoretic Duality. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 92, No. 7, pp. 457-464.
The Relation between Television Exposure and Executive Function among Preschoolers.

This study investigated the relations between television exposure during the preschool years and the development of executive function (EF). Data were gathered from 107 parents of preschoolers who provided information on children's television viewing, background television exposure, exposure to specific televised content, and the age at which children began watching television. Preschoolers' EF was assessed via one-on-one interviews. We found that several indicators of television exposure were significantly related to EF. These findings suggest that EF may be an important construct for continued research on the effects of media on young children.
Individualization and civil society——Modern reflection of return the public sector

The relationship between individual and society has always been the core problem of the research on social philosophy.The three theories,such as the theory of individual as an atom,the theory of society as a whole,the social theory of mutual-construction,construct the basic framework with development from ancient Achaean philosophy to social philosophy in the contemporary era.While,these theories haven't solved the problems effectively,such as the dilemma of the dualistic contra-diction between the individual and society,the disappearance of modern society as a whole idea,and the decline of modern community besieged by various problems.It has been a proposition to be solved urgently how to construct modern civil society from the angle of individualism.
Evolution Tendency of Chinese Cereals Trade and Its International Competitiveness

Based on the data from UN COMTRADE DATABASE and WTO DATABASE,this paper analyzes the evolution tendency of Chinese cereals trade and its international competitiveness from 1995 to2012.The result shows that,Chinese cereals trade is net export-oriented from 1995 to 2008,and net import-oriented from 2009 to 2012 and net imports of cereals continues to increase.In recent years,Chinese cereals trade has also been in a net importer status,and the import amount has been on the increase.The commodity structures of Chinese cereal import and export both show remarkable periodical variation;and in recent years,the main imported cereals are wheat,barley and maize,and the main exported cereals are maize and rice.Chinese major cereals import markets are USA,Australia,Canada,Thailand,Vietnam and France,and export markets are East Asian countries/regions,including North Korea,South Korea,Japan,China Hong Kong SAR,Indonesia and Malaysia.Chinese cereals once had international competitiveness before 2008,but thereafter no longer internationally competitive.Chinese wheat and barley have not had international comparativeness all along,while maize and rice once had international comparativeness,but no longer internationally competitive in recent years.
Diagnosing children with signs of early puberty: knowing when to test and when to just monitor

Specialists who see children referred because they have signs of precocious puberty have the challenge of trying to figure out which children have pathology and need testing and which can safely be...
Brain monoamines and metabolites in hypertensive and hyperactive rat strains.

ABSTRACTMonoamines and metabolites were measured by HPLC-EC in brain regions of four Wistar-Kyoto derived rat strains, in whom the traits of genetic hypertension or hyperactive behavior were expressed together (SHR), separately (WK-HT and WK-HA strains, respectively), or not at all (WKY). These genetically related inbred strains were used to allow more discrete correlations between neurochemical changes and the hypertensive and/or hyperactive state, than was hitherto possible using SHR and WKY alone. Numerous age and/or strain differences in monoamine and metabolite levels were present in the six brain regions examined, however, no correlations with hypertension were observed. Limited correlations were seen between hyperactivity and forebrain serotonergic systems. These findings demonstrate that neurochemical differences between SHR and WKY may be erroneously attributed to the hypertension and/or hyperactivity of the SHR, unless additional genetic control strains, such as WK-HT and WK-HA rats are utilized.
Hollow cobalt sulfide polyhedra-enabled long-life, high areal-capacity lithium-sulfur batteries

Abstract Improving the electron and ion transport in sulfur electrodes and suppressing the lithium polysulfide shuttle have been the two major challenges with lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Here, we present a composite paper electrode consisting of hollow Co 3 S 4 polyhedra, activated carbon nanofibers (ACNF), and pure sulfur powder for Li-S batteries. The hollow Co 3 S 4 polyhedra with a porous shell structure provide large spaces to accommodate the polysulfides, possess ideal polar chemisorptive capability for immobilizing the polysulfide species, and have a higher conductivity than many polar metal oxides, facilitating fast reaction kinetics with the Li-S batteries. The composite electrode exhibits high sulfur utilization and maintains superior cycling stability in Li-S batteries with a high sulfur areal mass. A high capacity of 953 mAh g −1 at 1C rate could be achieved with a sulfur loading of 2.5 mg cm −2 , and the capacity remains at 610 mAh g −1 after 450 cycles. Even with a high sulfur loading of 13.5 mg cm −2 , the composite electrode delivers a high areal capacity of 13 mAh cm −2 at 0.3C rate.