cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF ISCHEMIA AND VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY ON SMALL BOWEL LIPID PEROXIDATION AND MUCOSAL ENZYMES

Free radical mechanisms have been implicated in mediating tissue damage after ischemia in several different organ systems. Vitamin E serves as a major defense against free radical injury and vitamin E deficiency may be a contributing factor in the increased vulnerability of newborn and preterm infants to ischemic injury. Therefore we set up an ischemic gut model in the rat to study the effects of vitamin E deficiency and repletion on free radical propagation and on mucosal enzyme levels. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on vitamin E deficient or replete diets for 13-15 wks and then subjected to a 45 min cranial mesenteric artery occlusion and 15 min reperfusion or timed laparotomy. Mucosal scrapings from jejunum and ileura were homogenized and assayed for in vitro lipid peroxidation ustng thiobarbituric acid assay of malondialdehyde. In addition, a mucosal enzyme, sucrase, was measured in jejunal homogenates. Increased lipid peroxidation was seen in vitamin E deficient small bowel and this was further increased after ischemia. Vitamin E added to the assay in vitro or given to the rats in vivo prevented this increased lipid peroxidation. A higher concentration of vitamin E was needed for inhibition of lipid peroxidation after ischemic insult. Ischemia resulted in a decrease in sucrase in jejunum of vitamin E deficient but not in vitamin E replete rats. Thus vitamin E deficiency potentiates the effect of ischemia on free radical formation, and enhances the acute functional gut damage, as measured by a decrement in mucosal enzyme activity.
Arteriolar Abnormalities with Chronic Systemic Hypertension A Quantitative Study

A quantitative study of arteriolar structure has been undertaken in 23 individuals with chronic hypertension and 18 normotensive controls. In the hypertensive individuals, some arterioles were found to have an increased, and others a subnormal, mass of medial smooth muscle. Both abnormalities often bear a definite relation to arteriolar sclerotic lesions, those arterioles proximal to sclerotic segments having an increased medial coat and those distal, an atrophic coat. Mean values for mass of arteriolar muscle were often normal in organs of the hypertensive patients. These anatomic features can be correlated with a variety of physiological and clinical observations in the disorder.
The Guest at the Feast

When a country starts to court computing technology and looks to build a high-tech industry, it has to accept the guests that come with the party. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/OpXt7uP9dHE is a video in which author David Alan Grier provides an audio recording of the Errant Hashtag column, discussing how a country that courts computing technology and looks to build a high-tech industry must accept the guests that come with the party.
Fossil Aphididæ from Florissant, Colorado

THE plant-lice of the Miocene shales at Florissant, Colorado, have been described at length by Scudder in his great work on Tertiary insects (1890). He was able to recognise no fewer than fifteen genera and thirty species. All the genera were considered to be extinct, and although they included both Aphidinae and Schizoneurinae, they were found to differ from the modern representatives of these subfamilies in an important character running throughout the series—the length and slenderness of the marginal or stigmatic cell. In this they also differ from the European Tertiary Aphididae, although, according to Scudder, they resemble a species (Genaphis valdensis, Brodie) from the Jurassic of England. This Genaphis, however, has a short thick stigma, such as may be seen in some modern Chaitophorus, whereas the stigma in the Florissant forms is long and slender.
Is there a relationship between canine behavior problems and spoiling activities, anthropomorphism, and obedience training?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if dogs that were treated ‘like a person’ or that had not been obedience trained were more likely to exhibit owner-reported behavior problems than dogs not treated in those ways. A questionnaire, comprising 75 items, was available in the waiting room of the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania throughout 1981. Responses to 11 questions answered by 711 different respondents, each from a different household, were analyzed. Nine questions related to treating the dog ‘like a person’ (either spoiling the dog or viewing it anthropomorphically), and the other two asked whether or not the dog had had formal obedience training and whether or not the dog had engaged in a behavior that the owner considered a problem. Results of a series of chi-square analyses failed to reveal that problem behaviors were related to obedience training, ‘spoiling’, or anthropomorphic activities. Further, a discriminant analysis was unable to identify any variable (item), including obedience training, ‘spoiling’ activities, or anthropomorphic attitudes, that distinguished between dogs engaging and not engaging in problem behaviors. Eight variables were then factor analyzed, resulting in four factors which counted for 71.15% of the variance. The factors, which pertained to owners sharing food with their dog, taking the dog along on trips or errands, dog comfort or resting places, and anthropomorphic attitudes, were analyzed along with the obedience training and behavior problem variables in an ANOVA. The results showed that dogs whose owners interacted with them in an anthropomorphic manner, ‘spoiled’ them in certain ways, or did not provide obedience training were no more likely to engage in behaviors considered a problem by the owner than were dogs not viewed anthropomorphically, ‘spoiled’ by their owner, or given obedience training.
Alterations in synaptic input to motoneurons during partial spinal cord injury

An acute animal model (dorsal hemisection of the spinal cord in the decerebrate cat preparation) has been developed that closely mimics the spasticity in humans that occurs subsequent to partial spinal cord injury and hemiparetic stroke. In this animal model, there are severe disruptions in the pattern of recruitment and rate modulation of motoneurons. The cellular mechanisms of these deficits are being studied with a combined experimental/computer simulation approach. The initial studies indicate that changes in the intrinsic properties of motoneurons are not important, which means the mechanism for changes in recruitment and rate patterns must reside in an alteration in the organization of the synaptic input to motoneurons. Computer simulation studies of the effects of different synaptic inputs on motoneuron outputs show that inhibitory inputs can, under certain conditions, generate substantial disruptions in recruitment and rate modulation. Recent data indicate that the monoamines noradrenalin and serotonin, which are released by fiber tracts originating in the brainstem, may play an important role in maintaining normal levels of inhibition in spinal circuits. Pharmacological interventions based on the monoamines may provide effective means of reducing the deficits in recruitment and rate modulation.
Dynamic Modeling and Motion Planning for Marionettes: Rigid Bodies Articulated by Massless Strings

We consider the problem of modeling a robotic marionette. Marionettes are highly under-actuated systems that can only be controlled remotely by moving strings. We present a mixed dynamic-kinematic modeling technique that removes the controller dynamics from the marionette, resulting in a clean abstraction that represents the dynamics of the marionette in a natural way. As an example, a model is derived for a single arm moving in a plane. A model for a three-dimensional marionettes is also shown. Finally, an expansive-space tree (EST) motion planner is used to find a path from an input configuration to a goal for a puppet arm with seven degrees of freedom
Tetherin Upregulation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques

Here we show that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques results in rapid upregulation of tetherin (BST-2 or CD317) on peripheral blood lymphocytes, including the CD4+ CCR5+ T cell targets of virus infection, with a peak of induction that coincides with peak alpha interferon (IFN-α) levels in plasma, and that tetherin remains above baseline levels throughout chronic infection. These observations are consistent with a role for tetherin in innate immunity to immunodeficiency virus infection.
Bluebeard: A Reader's Guide to the English Tradition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Casie E. Hermansson Year: 2009 Pages: 309 Publisher: University Press of Mississippi ISBN: 978-1-60473-230-6 (hard cover).
Modeling carbon cycling on disturbed landscapes

Abstract Human activities, such as forest harvest or clearing, and many natural disturbances, such as fire and disease, affect terrestrial ecosystems on much finer spatial scales than are normally considered when analyzing biome, continental, or global patterns and responses. Such disturbances, however, impose spatial variability on ecosystem characteristics that analyses at these coarser scales must account for. An alternative to the explicit spatial treatment of the effects of disturbance is to maintain only the distributions within coarser land units of variables affected by disturbance. An area distribution function expresses the distribution of area within a land unit as a function of the density of carbon in vegetation per unit area, and a partial differential equation describes the dynamics of this distribution function in response to plant growth and land use. The area distribution equation can be forced by a variety of functions in order to simulate the responses to different disturbances. Solutions to the equation for unforced response to initial conditions and for basic forcing functions show the general characteristics of the area distribution equation and its utility in modeling landscape responses to disturbance.
Fuzzy modeling of control systems

A new approach is described for fuzzy modeling of control systems. It is shown that conventional concepts and criteria of stability and controllability of a control system can be extended to a fuzzy setting. More precisely, we establish a fuzzy dynamical model for nonlinear control system, that can be consistently applied to all linear multiinput/multioutput (MIMO) systems. This modeling is a fairly general representation of fuzzy control systems, and satisfies some natural extensions of the criteria such as stability and controllability, that conventional control experts use to evaluate a control system. >
Transistor Performance Impact Due to Die–Package Mechanical Stress

Shifts in transistor performance due to mechanical stress resulting from interaction of die, packaging, test socketing, and board mount are discussed. Mechanical-stress-induced transistor drive current shifts are measured indirectly using ring oscillator frequencies. P and N effects are extracted independently using appropriately weighted oscillators, and P/N shifts in opposite directions agree with numerical models, which also predict significant differences between stress states associated with packaged-die test and the final usage configuration. The shifts show systematic variation across the die, raising concerns for predictable circuit performance. An example is SRAM caches, where die-package interactions may degrade VCCmin. The results highlight the need to fully characterize these stress effects in both the test and final usage configurations. These shifts, while significant, can be managed through a combination of package technology, circuit techniques, process optimization, and strategic product floor planning.
A2B Receptors Mediate the Antimitogenic Effects of Adenosine in Cardiac Fibroblasts

Adenosine inhibits growth of cardiac fibroblasts; however, the adenosine receptor subtype that mediates this antimitogenic effect remains undefined. Therefore, the goals of this study were to determine which adenosine receptor subtype mediates the antimitogenic effects of adenosine and to investigate the signal transduction mechanisms involved. In rat left ventricular cardiac fibroblasts, PDGF-BB (25 ng/mL) stimulated DNA synthesis ( 3 H-thymidine incorporation), cellular proliferation (cell number), collagen synthesis ( 3 H-proline incorporation), and MAP kinase activity. The adenosine receptor agonists 2-chloroadenosine and 5′-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, but not N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine, 4-aminobenzyl-5′-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, or CGS21680, inhibited the growth effects of PDGF-BB, an agonist profile consistent with an A 2B receptor-mediated effect. The adenosine receptor antagonists KF17837 and 1,3-dipropyl-8- p -sulfophenylxanthine, but not 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, blocked the growth-inhibitory effects of 2-chloroadenosine and 5′-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, an antagonist profile consistent with an A 2 receptor-mediated effect. Antisense, but not sense or scrambled, oligonucleotides to the A 2B receptor stimulated basal and PDGF-induced DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Moreover, the growth-inhibitory effects of 2-chloroadenosine, 5′-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine plus iodotubericidin (inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, respectively) were abolished by antisense, but not scrambled or sense, oligonucleotides to the A 2B receptor. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that adenosine causes inhibition of CF growth by activating A 2B receptors coupled to inhibition of MAP kinase activity. Thus, A 2B receptors may play a critical role in regulating cardiac remodeling associated with CF proliferation. Pharmacologic or molecular biological activation of A 2B receptors may prevent cardiac remodeling associated with hypertension, myocardial infarction, and myocardial reperfusion injury after ischemia.
Painism: some moral rules for the civilized experimenter.

One of the barriers between ordinarily compassionate animal researchers and pro-animal ethicists is that the ethicists are usually seen as asking for far too much. They are perceived as demanding the complete abandonment of careers. In consequence, the ethicist is often ignored. Ethicists rarely give clear-cut rules to animal researchers as to how they can continue in animal research while at the same time adopting an increasingly moral approach. The purpose of this paper is to provide some rules to help the animals by aiding conscientious researchers who are not (yet) in a position to give up their careers entirely. These are ethical rules and not, therefore, in quite the same category as Russell and Burch's “three Rs” (replacement, refinement, and reduction) or the proposal that experimenters should seek proper training and retraining in animal care, and in the skills of euthanasia, anaesthesia, and analgesia. Nor are ethical rules quite the same as the requirement that all experimenters should acquaint themselves with the latest techniques for improving the animals' quality of life (such as the techniques of environmental enrichment, for example) or the need to keep themselves up to date in alternative research techniques that do not use animals. All these steps are of great importance and should be taken in addition to the ethical rules I propose.
Exhibit created by scientists brings planet Earth to public

On June 12, 1999, the American Museum of Natural History opened a new permanent exhibit about the Earth. The exhibit, the Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth (HOPE), describes how the Earth works (Web site: http://www.amnh.org/rose/hope). In other words, it is the story of modern Earth science. How does one go about telling such a broad and complex story in an exhibit where the audience ranges from school children to adults? The first challenge was to devise a structure for the story itself. The hall was organized around a series of questions that would both engage the visitors and span current knowledge. The questions were eventually distilled to five: How has the Earth evolved? How do we read the rocks? Why are there ocean basins, continents, and mountains? What causes climate and climate change? And, why is the Earth habitable?
Retrieving possibilities: confronting a forgetfulness and deformation of teaching/learning methodology

This paper draws on data collected in a one‐year research project focusing on elucidating theory/practice relations in learning to teach. As a teacher educator I grapple with the nature and role of teaching methodology. The notion of method, with its implied order and certainty, is confronted alongside prospective teachers throughout their coursework and student‐teaching experiences. Reflexivity is considered essential to this research process, providing a means to address the interface between the empirical data collected alongside student‐teachers and its interpretations. In this regard I draw on the historical writings of Dewey (1904, 1910, 1938) and Bakhtin (1990, 1993), found to provide insights into theory/practice relations. Through Dewey's thinking, bearings are retrieved that reorient teaching/learning methodology toward neglected needs and opportunities in learning to teach. Through Bakhtin's early aesthetic essays, a language is retrieved that addresses forgotten assumptions central to reformul...
INCREASED VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR EXPRESSION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF PREECLAMPSIA PRODUCED BY REDUCTION OF UTEROPLACENTAL PERFUSION PRESSURE IN CONSCIOUS RHESUS MONKEYS

Objective: We hypothesize that in preeclampsia reduced placental perfusion results in activation of maternal vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated endothelial activation by quantifying von Willebrand factor immunostaining in an experimental model of preeclampsia using rhesus monkeys.Study Design: von Willebrand factor expression was quantified by immunostaining intensity in the endothelium of vessels from the uterus, rectus muscle, and kidney in eight monkeys at term that underwent aortic stricture at midgestation to decrease placental perfusion, and eight control monkeys who underwent a sham operation. Data were analyzed by two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc by the Mann-Whitney U-test.Results: von Willebrand factor immunostaining was generally greater in vessels from animals subjected to stricture. Comparative analyses of specific vascular beds showed greater staining in uteri from animals subjected to ligation than to sham controls.Conclusions: The findings confirm...
GO: Platform support for gossip applications

Gossip-based protocols are increasingly popular in large-scale distributed applications that disseminate updates to replicated or cached content. GO (Gossip Objects) is a pernode gossip platform that we developed in support of this class of protocols. In addition to making it easy to develop new gossip protocols and applications, GO allows nodes to join multiple gossip groups without losing the appealing fixed bandwidth guarantee of gossip protocols, and the platform optimizes rumor delivery latency in a principled manner. Our heuristic is based on the observations that multiple rumors can often be squeezed into a single IP packet, and that indirect routing of rumors can speed up delivery. We formalize these observations and develop a theoretical analysis of this heuristic. We have also implemented GO, and study the effectiveness of the heuristic by comparing it to the more standard random dissemination gossip strategy via simulation. We also evaluate GO on a trace from a popular distributed application.
Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing Roundup Ready corn (event nk603), a nontransgenic genetically similar corn, or conventional corn lines.

Two studies were conducted at two locations to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing either glyphosate-tolerant Roundup Ready (event nk603) corn, a nontransgenic genetically similar control corn (RX670), or two conventional sources of nontransgenic corn (RX740 and DK647). A randomized complete block design (three and four blocks in Studies 1 and 2, respectively) with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (two genders and four corn lines) was used. Study 1 used 72 barrows and 72 gilts (housed in single-gender groups of six; six pens per dietary treatment) with initial and final BW of approximately 22 and 116 kg, respectively. Study 2 used 80 barrows and 80 gilts (housed in single-gender groups of five; eight pens per dietary treatment) with initial and final BW of approximately 30 and 120 kg, respectively. Pigs were housed in a modified open-front building in Study 1 and in an environmentally controlled finishing building in Study 2. The test corns were included at a fixed proportion of the diet in both studies. Animals had ad libitum access to feed and water. Pigs were slaughtered using standard procedures and carcass measurements were taken. In Study 1, overall ADG, ADFI (as-fed basis), and gain:feed (G:F) were not affected (P > 0.05) by corn line. In Study 2, there was no effect of corn line on overall ADFI (as-fed basis) or G:F ratio. In addition, overall ADG of barrows fed the four corn lines did not differ (P > 0.05); however, overall ADG of gilts fed corn DK647 was greater (P 0.05) of corn line on carcass yield or fatness measurements in either study. Differences between barrows and gilts for growth and carcass traits were generally similar for both studies and in line with previous research. Overall, these results indicate that Roundup Ready corn (nk603) gives equivalent animal performance to conventional corn for growing pigs.
How Did My Association with Victor Influence Me, My Career, and My Family?

My appointment at Johns Hopkins and my association with Victor McKusick started in the early 1960s. It was an enormously beneficial association for my career, for my daughter’s health, and for my whole family. Victor’s support and encouragement were helpful when I started the International Registry (later changed to “Repository”) of Human Chromosomal Abnormalities. This brief contribution describes Victor’s professional attitude, his great humanity, and his loyalty toward his colleagues.
DECLINING SPERM COUNTS IN THE UNITED STATES? A CRITICAL REVIEW

AbstractPurpose: Recent reports suggest declining sperm counts in the United States. These reports did not include all available data and did not account for geographic variations noted in prior studies. We examined all available data on U.S. sperm counts and evaluated whether geographic variations account for the decline suggested.Materials and Methods: We reviewed all 29 U.S. studies from 1938 to 1996 reporting manually counted semen analyses of 9,612 fertile or presumably fertile men. We determined mean sperm concentrations by geographic location with weighted analysis of variance, and assessed any changes with time by linear regression analysis.Results: Mean sperm concentrations from New York were significantly higher than from all other U.S. cities (98.6 versus 71.6 × 106 sperm per cc, respectively, p = 0.006). There has been no statistically significant change with time for mean sperm concentrations reported from New York (p = 0.49) or from U.S. cities other than New York (p = 0.62). Analysis withou...
A structure preserving energy function for power system transient stability analysis

A new model is proposed for the study of transient stability where the load is modeled as a PQ bus. Flux decay of the generator field winding is included. The original network topology is maintained explicitly. An energy function is proposed which differs from the traditional one in that it includes additional terms corresponding to the energy stored in the loads and field winding. A characterization of the stability region is derived based on this energy function.
Computational aspects of high-speed flows with applied magnetic field

High-speed flows over the surface of hypersonic airfoil subjected to several types of applied magnetic field distributions are numerically simulated. The governing equations are composed of the Euler equation modified to include the effect of magnetic field. In the current applications, the low magnetic Reynolds number approximation is utilized and the Hall effect and ion slip have been neglected. A fourth-order modified Runge-Kutta scheme augmented with the Davis-Yee symmetric Total Variation Diminishing model in post-processing stage is used to solve the magnetogasdynamics equations. The flow simulations are compared to the existing solutions. A good agreement between the present analysis and the available normal shock data is demonstrated. It has been found that the location and distribution of the imposed magnetic field have dominant effects on the flow parameters and the shock standoff distance.
Fabricating an all-epitaxial silicon quantum computer

Scalable silicon quantum computers will require a material perfection that has never been attempted. Ground state wavefunctions for conduction electrons orbiting individual phosphorous donors must be polarized electronically and coupled to nearest neighbors with great precision. Elimination of all randomizing influences can be achieved only with a fully epitaxial structure; and we believe that output circuitry must also be integrated into the qubit arrays in order to achieve the uniformity needed for large-scale integration. A process that could potentially accomplish this will be outlined, based on scanning tunneling microscope (STM) removal of individual hydrogen atoms from the H-terminated silicon surface followed by phosphine dosing and ultra-low-temperature overgrowth. Self-ordering of PH3 molecules onto extended areas of bare silicon should permit patterning of planar single-electron transistors along with P-donor qubits in the same lithographic step. Initial plans for an experiment to characterize exchange coupling under gate control will be described.
Interplay of VIP and nitric oxide in regulation of the descending relaxation phase of peristalsis

Involvement of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) in neurally induced relaxation was examined in smooth muscle from rat colon. Relaxation induced by field stimulation or radial stretch (i.e., descending relaxation phase of the peristaltic reflex) was accompanied by VIP release and NO production. NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) abolished NO production in both preparations but only partly inhibited VIP release (45 +/- 8% at 8 Hz and 59 +/- 10% at 10 g stretch) and relaxation (62 +/- 5% and 35 +/- 6%); the effect of L-NNA was reversed by L-arginine but not D-arginine. The pattern implied that NO production normally acts to enhance VIP release. In addition, VIP induced relaxation and stimulated NO production in muscle strips and isolated colonic muscle cells: L-NNA abolished NO production but only partly inhibited relaxation (58 +/- 6%); oxyhemoglobin had no effect. The effect of L-NNA on relaxation was reversed by L-arginine but not by D-arginine. The protein kinase A inhibitor (R)-p-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate [(R)-p-cAMPS] and the protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 inhibited VIP-induced relaxation by 76 +/- 5 and 35 +/- 4%, respectively; a combination of the two inhibitors abolished relaxation. (R)-p-cAMPS blocked the direct relaxant effect of VIP, whereas KT5823 blocked the indirect effect of VIP mediated by NO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Cultural Capital of Cultural and Social Capital: An Economy of Translations

Scholars of higher education in the United States have embraced the theories of cultural and social capital. Bourdieu’s writing illuminates our understanding of social structures that limit opportunity for oppressed groups but is sometimes mistranslated as a theory of social mobility. We argue that the translation of his theory of classes into one of individuals obscures the ways class structures get formed and re-formed in the United States, and how individuals, while not determined by such structures, are constrained by them. We summarize James Coleman’s articulation of social capital, and speculate whether Coleman’s theory grounds the uses of the theory of cultural and social capital in the United States as a theory of individual mobility. Coleman’s theory errs in emphasizing individual agency while ignoring the covert and “natural” functioning of oppressive structures. We critique Bourdieu’s theory as being too deterministic; a good misappropriation of Bourdieu makes room for some form of agency.
Trends in Insurance Coverage and Treatment Utilization by Young Adults

The ACA's extension of dependent care coverage to young adults is associated with higher insurance rates in this age group. Correspondingly, increased insurance coverage has led to higher rates of mental health treatment, but has had little impact on substance use treatment for young adults. Higher insurance rates for young adults have also reduced costs as a barrier to seeking mental health or substance use treatment. Finally, the extended coverage has resulted in private insurers taking a more prominent role in paying for treatment services.
Improved Spatial Reuse for Dense 802.11 WLANs

Next generation 802.11 networks aim to significantly increase spectral frequency reuse and manage interference between neighboring Overlapping Basic Service Sets (OBSS) in scenarios with a high density of both STAs and APs . In this paper, we study the theoretical throughput gains that may be obtained by using ideal spatial reuse in a densely occupied two-BSS network operating in saturated uplink traffic conditions (i.e. the transmission queue is never empty). We then compare the theoretical throughput gains with the gains obtained by implementing a practical spatial reuse technique in a residential scenario [6] using a discrete event simulator that integrates both the PHY and the MAC [7]. Our results show that the trends identified in the simple analysis are present in the empirical simulation and demonstrate that the gains obtained may depend on the scenario. We also conclude that additional spatial re-use techniques may be needed to extract all the gains promised by the theoretical analysis.
Fuzzy Logic Control of an Inverted Pendulum and a 2-DOF Helicopter

Fuzzy Logic is a mathematical tool that has proven useful in controls applications, including controllers for aircraft, trains, and even commercial appliances. Its ability to utilize linguistic rules to provide an effective control action makes it an attractive option for useful situations. Due to its characteristic of being a universal approximator, given observability and controllability of the states, fuzzy controllers are capable of approximating any ideal non-linear mapping to any desired degree of accuracy. The goal of this effort, conducted within the framework, of an undergraduate independent research program, is to develop fuzzy controllers for two two-degree-of-freedom systems and investigate their robustness properties. The developed controllers were successfully implemented using Quanser hardware in the “Most Aero Labs” at the University of Cincinnati. The two experimental benchmarks included a Self-Erecting, Single Inverted Pendulum, and a twodegree-of-freedom helicopter.
Foliage consumption and developmental parameters of the soybean looper and the velvetbean caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on susceptible and resistant soybean genotypes

Larvae of the soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and the velvet bean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, were restricted to a diet of foliage from either insect-resistant (PI 229358 or GatIR 81-296) or susceptible (‘GaSoy 17’) soybean genotypes. Decreased growth rate and increased development times were observed for early and late instar SBL developing on the resistant genotypes. Foliage consumption and weight gain measured during the period from the fifth through the ultimate stadium were also significantly reduced. Mortality of SBL larvae was greatest on GatIR 81-296. Although early growth and development of VBC during early stadia were slowed by the resistant genotypes, consumption, weight gain, and growth rates from the fifth through the ultimate stadium on the resistant genotypes were equal to or greater than those on the susceptible genotype. Larval weights of both SBL and VBC taken after five and eight days of development gave an accurate and time-efficient measurement of resistance. Pupal weights were significantly lower when SBL were reared on resistant genotypes; however, VBC pupal weights were similar on all three genotypes. An increased incidence of supernumerary stadia was noted in larvae of both species restricted to resistant genotypes.
Alexis in America: A Russian Grand Duke’s Tour, 1871–1872 . By Lee A. Farrow.

Alexis in America: A Russian Grand Duke’s Tour, 1871–1872 . By Lee A. Farrow. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2014. xii + 278 pp. Illustrations, map, notes, index. $45.00.) Lee A. Farrow’s interesting work is devoted to the little-remembered nineteenth-century U.S. visit by Grand Duke Alexis of Russia. He was not the heir to the throne, but the fourth son of Tsar Alexander II. This goodwill trip came shortly after Russia sold Alaska to the United States and, according to Farrow, “can be seen as a critical juncture in the narrative of Russian-American diplomacy” (p. 6). The book traces the royal visit, from the earliest conceptions—the author notes a desire by the tsar … sosabol{at}uncc.edu
Poliomyelitis and Coxsackie viruses isolated from normal infants in Egypt.

SummaryThirty-six rectal swabbings from normal Egyptian infants, tested singly or in pools representing material from 3 to 4 infants yielded 1 poliomyelitis virus, 9 Coxsackie (C) viruses, and 1 unidentified filterable agent. The unidentified agent was characterized by its cytopathogenicity for cultures of monkey testicular tissue and by its failure to produce disease in monkeys, mice, and hamsters.
Revisiting Schleiermacher on Translation: Musings on a Hermeneutical Mandate

This paper seeks to examine Friedrich Schleiermacher’s celebrated 1813 treatise “Ueber die verschiedenen Methoden des Uebersetzens,” first, within its own context and aims and, second, in light of its mandate and implications for the wider activity of cultural and historical transmission of meaning. His rationale for emphasizing the original meaning of texts is not entirely self-evident and appears to lead to the peril of archaizing or foreignizing, thus impeding, rather than enhancing, present-day understandings of the past. This paper defends Schleiermacher’s choice as reflecting his wider body of hermeneutical and historical understanding, including elements of his teaching about the non-eliminability of the individual subject.
The research on the fuzzy control and mine embedded intelligent charger

In this paper,the main design process of an intelligent mine charger is introduced.The design of the control circuit adopts the advanced embedded ARM9 core technology,and the control algorithm adopts the fuzzy control technology with variable structure.Through the continuous experiments during the process of project development,we found that the effect is really good.
Electrical stimulation of the auditory system after labyrinthectomy

For many years labyrinthectomy has been used as a reliable surgical treatment for patients with unilateral nonserviceable hearing associated with episodic vertigo. In view of the rehabilitative potential of the cochlear implant, the role of labyrinthectomy has been questioned because of a concern to preserve structures of the auditory periphery. However, recent reports demonstrate substantial survival of spiral ganglion cells after labyrinthectomy, suggesting that such patients might be candidates for rehabilitation with cochlear implants if necessary. To address this question from a physiologic approach, we investigated the electrical stimulability of the operated ear in patients who underwent transmastoid labyrinthectomy for the management of vertigo. Ten patients were studied intraoperatively with electrically evoked middle latency response (MLR) potentials. Six of these patients were studied between 3 and 15 months postoperatively via transtympanic stimulation. Postoperatively all patients demonstrated an excitable auditory periphery and behavioral thresholds were similar to intraoperative electrophysiologic thresholds for the same stimuli. These results suggest the persistence of excitable auditory neural elements following labyrinthectomy.
Relative thresholds for acute intravascular and extravascular mechanical hemolysis.

We tested the postulate that acute extravascular hemolysis and intravascular hemolysis occurring during and after in vivo pumping of blood in an extracorporeal circuit are manifestations of the same insult to the red blood cell in experiments designed to determine if the threshold pumping rate in the extracorporeal circuit is the same for intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. In 10 experiments performed on dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital, blood was pumped in an extracorporeal circuit for one hour and measurements of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis were made for a total of 4 hours. The presence of significant intravascular hemolysis was always associated with significant extravascular hemolysis. In experiments performed at relatively low pumping rates, neither intravascular nor extravascular hemolysis was detected. Thus the data support the viewpoint that extravascular hemolysis and intravascular hemolysis are related processes and that acute extravascular mechanical hemolysis does not occur in the absence of intravascular hemolysis.
Unit-Based Advanced Practice Nurse in Critical Care

This article describes the unit-based advanced practice nurse (APN). A review of the literature provides historic development of the concept. The unit-based APN role in the changing environment of health care reform is explored. The role components, with emphasis on the case management delivery model, are explained. A case example demonstrates the success of the role in terms of patient outcomes. Future trends for the APN are also explored.
Money or Friends: Social Identity and Deception in Networks

Strategic communication occurs in committee decision environments. Theory suggests that small differences in monetary incentives between committee members explains why deception may be strategically optimal (Crawford and Sobel, 1982; Galeotti et al, 2012). In natural environments, however, social incentives also play an important role in determining the way people share (or withhold) truthful information. Unfortunately, little is known about how monetary and social incentives interact to determine truth-telling. We design a laboratory experiment to address this question. We found that the effect of identity is asymmetric: sharing the same identity does not promote truth-telling but holding different identities reduces truthfulness. Moreover, we find that identity has an overall detrimental impact on truthful communication in committee decision making environments. These results have important implication for intra-organizational conflict management, suggesting that certain identity strengthening activities may produce a negative impact on information sharing.
Towards a Radical Humanism

When we assess Scheler’s ethic in light of its expressed purpose to surpass Kant we must conclude that the effort is only a qualified success. What it accomplishes is much more akin to one of those modifications of Kant’s ethic, to which Scheler refers in the first preface to the Formalismus, than it is to the intended breakthrough towards an ethic that is universal (insofar as it would articulate a priori categories and concepts) and objective (insofar as it would establish a transcendental foundation for the sensible content of our experience of values). In support of his appraisal I would cite three crucial areas in which Scheler is unable significantly to transcend Kant.
A Unique Surgical Technique for Tracheostomy in Heterotopic Ossification: A Case Report.

Objective To describe a technique for tracheostomy in heterotopic ossification that has not yet been described in the literature. Methods We report a case of difficult tracheostomy while using conventional techniques in a 68-year-old patient who underwent mitral valve replacement requiring warfarin therapy three months prior. Imaging revealed heterotopic ossification overlying the trachea. A literature review was performed to identify similar cases or techniques. Results Extensive surgical planning was pursued after the initial attempted tracheostomy failed, and the airway was eventually accessed using a lighted intubation stylet for guidance and a drill. Heterotopic ossification has been described after orthopedic and abdominal surgeries. We identified one case report in the literature of tracheostomy performed in the setting of heterotopic ossification by an unspecified mechanism. There are few reported cases of tracheobronchial calcification in cardiac patients receiving warfarin therapy; however, these patients had characteristic imaging findings that were not consistent with those of our patient. Conclusions We illustrate a safe and effective technique for tracheostomy in heterotopic ossification that has not been reported. Coordination with the anesthesia service was paramount for a successful operation.
Advances in Collection, Transport and Maturation of Equine Oocytes for Assisted Reproductive Techniques

Assisted reproductive techniques that are based on oocyte manipulations have gained acceptance in the equine industry. Methods to collect and handle immature or maturing oocytes have been developed, and systems to ship oocytes now allow for collection in one location and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in another. Subsequently, ICSI-produced embryos can be transferred onsite, shipped to another location, or cryopreserved. Methods for the collection, identification, culture, maturation, and shipment of equine oocytes are reviewed, with an emphasis on procedures from laboratories providing clinical services with documented success.
Effect of CD137 stimulation on ibrutinib antagonism of GA101 dependent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

3075 Background: The clinical successes of BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib and Ofatumumab (GA101), a humanized, glycoengineered mAb against CD20, suggests that a combination therapy may have clinical poten...
Worldwide Preparedness for Kidney Health Care

The World Bank reports that the number of people living in absolute poverty (ie, consuming less than US $1.90 at 2011 purchasing power parity) has declined from 42% in 1981 to 10.7% in 2013, representing a substantial improvement in living conditions across the globe, driven largely by developments in China and India.1 As societies modernize and standards of living improve, an epidemiologic transition ensues, with noncommunicable diseases competing increasingly with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases as causes of morbidity and death, adding to the burden on existing health systems. Among noncommunicable diseases, kidney diseases have not garnered as much attention as other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, or chronic respiratory diseases, which constitute the 3 leading categories of noncommunicable disease causes of death.2 Kidney diseases, however, are common and consequential, and increasingly so. First Page Preview
Unsupervised deep kernel for high dimensional data

In this paper we propose a method for visualizing unlabeled high dimensional data in a 3-dimensional space using Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) with the proposed unsupervised deep kernel. First, an optimal cluster structure of the data is determined using an unsupervised procedure. Second, an unsupervised deep kernel is learned via the clustered data. Then, deep kernel based PCA is applied to map the data into a 3-dimensional space for visualization. To ensure the visualization on a 3-dimensional space is reliable, we proposed the V 3D (Visualizability in 3 Dimension) measurement to evaluate the amount of structural information is maintained by the dimension reduction process. V 3D is computed based on the comparison of the clustering structures of the data before and after dimension reduction. The reduction and visualization results using the deep kernel based PCA are compared with several other methods include Principal Component Analysis, PCA based on other kernel functions, Entropy Component Analysis, and deep learning approaches. The experimental results show that the deep kernel outperforms all other methods in dimension reductions with respect to the V 3D measure.
Networking the Party: First Amendment Rights & the Pursuit of Responsive Party Government

This Article argues that the Supreme Court’s party jurisprudence is predicated on a set of theoretical assumptions that do not hold true in the real world of contemporary American politics. In this regard, the Supreme Court’s recent decisions denying certiorari in two cases implicating the rights of political parties — one involving a challenge to the federal ban on so-called soft money and the other involving a challenge to state mandated open primaries — provide a much needed opening to explore alternate paths to democratic responsiveness and to identify opportunities for First Amendment doctrine to increase rather than decrease the odds of responsive and responsible party government. Without claiming that there are easy solutions to our democratic dysfunctions, and drawing on a substantial body of empirical literature, the Article maintains that an alternative path to democratic responsiveness emerges when one focuses on the associational qualities of partisan networks. Viewed as associations, the capacity of political parties to foster a functioning democracy depends less on their capacity to speak and the coherence of their platform and more on the depth and breadth of their political networks. This is because social connections turn out to be more central to political mobilization, organization, and information transmission than many, especially in law, appreciate. As such, strengthening and broadening social ties within partisan networks presents an alternative and, as yet underappreciated, path to responsive and responsible governance. Integrating these insights into existing First Amendment doctrine provides a new scale with which to weigh the burdens on a party’s First Amendment rights and a new ability to allocate First Amendment rights in such a way as to encourage political parties to attend to the concerns of their constituents and to govern in the public interest.
Digoxin Is Associated With Increased Shock Events and Electrical Storms in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Aim:Recently, digoxin use has been found to associate with higher mortality. Yet, potential mechanisms by which digoxin use increases mortality remain unclear. Increased arrhythmogenicity from digo...
Kapitał a płeć

Although Marx in Capital does not work directly on issues such as gender or family, there is no doubt that Marxist historical materialism has had a profound impact on feminist theory. However, Silvia Federici argues that we need to distinguish between two Marxes, who have different views not only on gender, but also on the forms of class struggle. The first one concealed the problem of housework and reproductive work; for him the class struggle was strictly connected with working in industry. The second Marx, discovered by feminists in the 1970s, provided us with tools that enable us to rethink the particular forms of exploitation that women in capitalist societies are being subjected to.
Assessment of Drug Interactions with Repeated Measurements

We considered the problem of assessing the joint effects of combined therapies for in vitro studies with repeated measurements. To better estimate the interaction effects for a combination dose, we utilized mixed-effects linear regression to estimate the dose-effect curve for each single drug and for the drugs in combination, and proposed a procedure to construct the point and interval estimates of the interaction index. With decomposed variance components in a median effect model, our approach improves the accuracy of the confidence interval for the interaction index at observed combination dose levels and the confidence bound of the interaction index curve for hypothesis testing of drug potency.