cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4002: Epigenetic control of a checkpoint for miRNA tolerance

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The interferon (IFN) pathway controls the cellular response to viral infection and double-stranded RNA. We have found that this pathway provides a novel checkpoint for enhanced expression of miRNAs. The IFN pathway is abrogated in fibroblasts from Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) patients during spontaneous cellular immortalization, a necessary step in carcinogenesis. Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were down-regulated by epigenetic silencing during immortalization and some of these same ISGs were activated by replicative senescence. Bisulfite sequencing of the promoter regions of IFN-regulatory transcription factors (IRF5 and IRF7) revealed that IRF7 but not IRF5 was epigenetically silenced by methylation of CpG islands in immortal LFS cells. The re-activation of ISGs by those transcription factors is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation and induce a senescence-related phenotype in immortal LFS cells. Similar epigenetic silencing of IRF7 also results in disruption of IFN pathway in ∼30% lung cancer cells and primary tissues. Examination of innate immunity status in normal bronchial epithelial cell line Beas2B, its ras transformed derivative BVK cells and tumor-generating clones reveals increasing loss of functional IFN pathway as cells become more cancerous. Furthermore, microarray profiling of differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in LFS cell lines revealed most miRNAs were up-regulated in IFN-pathway-defective MDAH087-10 fibroblasts compared to MDAH087-N cells with relatively normal IFN signaling. Overexpression of Dicer, a critical enzyme in miRNA biogenesis, promoted cell growth and colony formation in MDAH087-10 cells. However, double-stranded miRNA produced by Dicer enhanced the expression of ISGs in MDAH087-N cells resulting in significant cell death and reduced cell growth. In addition, manipulation of the IFN pathway in immortal LFS fibroblasts through transcription factor IRF7 reversed their response to Dicer overexpression due to altered activation of the IFN pathway. Dicer-overexpressing MDAH087-N cells contained lower levels of miRNA than vector control, and conversely much higher miRNA expression was detected in Dicer transfected MDAH087-10 cells. The higher miRNA tolerance in immortal LFS fibroblasts with a disrupted IFN pathway indicates for the first time that the IFN pathway as mediated through the transcription factor IRF7 must be disrupted to permit miRNA up-regulation to occur in early carcinogenesis. This IFN pathway appears to provide a checkpoint for miRNA level tolerance and its abrogation by epigenetic silencing leads to cellular immortalization and early events in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4002. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4002
Clothing distribution influences thermal responses of men in cool environments

Abstract Clothing insulation distributed asymmetrically over the body surface resulted in: 1. 1. Non-uniform skin temperatures, with lower skin temperatures on the less insulated side and higher skin temperatures on the well insulated side, compared to the symmetrically clothed condition. 2. 2. Whole body thermal sensation correlated best with mean body temperature, calculated with weighting of 0.65 x esophageal and 0.35 x mean skin temperatures. 3. 3. Regional thermal sensations were highly correlated to the corresponding local skin temperatures. 4. 4. For both clothing distributions, the extremities (arms, legs and feet) were most sensitive to the thermal environment 5. 5. When clothed symmetrically, the calf was the best single predictor of whole body thermal sensation. 6. 6. The ability to judge regional and whole body thermal sensations decreased when asymmetric clothing was worn, and was most impaired in cool environments (18°C).
An Overview of Push—Pull Ventilation Characteristics

Abstract Push—pull ventilation has been used as an engineering control technique for a number of years. It can provide efficient and cost effective control in conjunction with local exhaust. It is effective where control by local exhaust alone is not possible. However, its use has been limited due to a lack of design criteria and, in a large part, due to a lack of knowledge of the physical characteristics of the push—pull system components and their interaction with each other. Recent work by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers has led to the development of design criteria for a number of processes including open surface vessels, foundry casting cleaning, roller mills used for rubber and plastics manufacture, and multiple opening presses used for laminating wood. In addition to providing the design criteria for these processes, the research has provided observations and data regarding the characteristics and limitations of the push—pull technique. For example, the bel...
The Epidemiology of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

The epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been of great interest to a number of investigators, but epidemiological research has been hampered by the lack of an agreed upon case definition and the relatively small number of patients available to any single investigator or institution. Several features of IBC have become apparent through population-based studies, which, although varying somewhat in case definition, generally agree on some key features of the disease. These include the incidence of the disease, apparently less than 3% of breast cancer cases in the United States, the younger age of onset compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer, the much higher incidence in Black women compared to White, the generally poor outcome of this disease compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer, and the continued increase in reported incidence, particularly as compared with non-inflammatory breast cancer in general and locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in particular. There is an apparent striking geographic pattern, with a higher percentage of cases reported from North Africa, best documented in Tunisia. The risk factors for developing IBC are suggested by smaller studies with concordant conclusions, and some appear to be different than the risk factors for developing breast cancer in general. For example, obesity appears to be a risk factor for premenopausal IBC but is not for premenopausal non-inflammatory breast cancer. In addition, there is evidence that a young age at first birth predisposes to IBC but is protective against developing non-inflammatory breast cancer. In some malignancies, the use of molecular markers is helpful in defining subgroups that could assist in improving case definition as well as predicting prognosis. The increasing combination of improved epidemiologic and laboratory methods will hopefully accelerate our understanding of this challenging disease.
Clonal chromosome abnormalities in prison-acquired lymphoproliferative syndrome

Abstract Lymph nodes from five male patients with prison-acquired lymphoproliferative syndrome (PALS), which seems to be a prodrome of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), were examined cytogenetically. Two had clonal chromosome abnormalities, i.e., 11q− and −11, and another had multiple nonclonal chromosome changes, including t(2p−;3q+),6q−,+12,14q+. These chromosome changes are also common in malignant lymphoma and suggest that the patients with PALS may be predisposed to develop malignant lymphoma.
Gyral development of the human brain.

To determine the development of the convolutional pattern of the cerebral hemispheres, we have examined multiple gross photographs of 507 brains and serial sections of 207 brains from infants of 10 to 44 weeks' gestational age. The sequential developmental changes of the individual fissures, sulci, and gyri of the cerebral hemispheres throughout the gestational period are tabulated. Schematic drawings made from enlarged photographs show the major changes associated with each month of the second and third trimesters. The brains of twins between 19 and 32 weeks' gestational age show a delay of approximately two to three weeks in the development of convolutional markings compared with the brains of nontwins. There is no significant difference between male and female brains. We found left-right asymmetries of the transverse temporal gyri, sylvian fissures, and planum temporale. In general, the right cerebral hemisphere shows gyral complexity earlier than the left. Our findings allow speculation about the significance of left-right asymmetry of the brain as it affects speech and language development.
NMR studies of drugs. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments in etidocaine and etidocaine hydrochloride determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

Abstract 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments were obtained for the local anesthetics etidocaine (1) and etidocaine hydrochloride (2) in CDCl3 solution, as well as for 2 in D2O solution. The COSY experiment was employed for proton-proton correlation, while onebond and long-range 2D heteronuclear techniques allowed the assignments of all 13C chemical shifts in each molecule. Etidocaine has a chiral carbon; etidocaine hydrochloride has, in addition to the natural chiral center, an acid-induced chirality at the protonated amine nitrogen, resulting in solvent-dependent diastereomers. Ten of the fourteen magnetically nonequivalent 13C nuclei of 2 exhibit doubled 13C resonance peaks (50.3 MHz, 20°C, CDCl3 solution) due to the presence of the two diastereomers.
Improved statistics in the search for ν¯e appearing in an ν¯μ beam in the MiniBooNE detector

The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory recently updated a search for ν ¯ e appearing in an ν ¯ μ beam to include higher statistics. Previous results were published with a total of 3.39 × 10 20 protons on target (POT) [A.A. Aguilar-Arevalo, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 111801, arXiv:0904.1958 ], while these results have been expanded to include a total of 5.66 × 10 20 POT [A.A. Aguilar-Arevalo, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 181801, arXiv:1007.1150 ]. An excess of 20.9 ± 14.0 events is observed in the energy range from 475 E ν Q E cance of the excess peaking at 25.7 ± 7.2 in the lowest two energy bins 475 − 675 MeV . The consistency with the background-only hypothesis in the 475 − 1250 MeV region is 0.5%, after constraints from the measured ν ¯ μ spectrum have been applied. A fit to a 2ν-mixing hypothesis yields a best-fit point at ( Δ m 2 , s i n 2 2 θ ) = ( 0.064 eV 2 , 0.96 ) , although the 1σ allowed region encompasses a range of Δ m 2 values up to 1 eV 2 at reduced values of s i n 2 2 θ . After Feldman-Cousins corrections [G. Feldman, R. Cousins, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 3873–3889, arXiv:physics/9711021 ], it is found that the best-fit is preferred at a 99.4% C.L. over a background-only hypothesis, with an absolute goodness-of-fit of 8.7%
Microbial consumption of dimethyl sulfide and methanethiol in coastal marine sediments

Samples were taken from oxic and anoxic zones of three ecosystems: a cyanobacterial mat, a diatom film and a carbonate sediment. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations were determined by headspace analysis of sediment slurries; maximal amounts were in the upper 5–10 mm of the sediments of 20 μM (cyanobacterial mat), 8 μM (diatom film) and < 1 μM in the carbonate sediment. Dissolved DMS in the cyanobacterial mat, determined by centrifugation and cryogenic trapping, was about two orders of magnitude lower than from slurry estimations but its variation with depth was similar. CH3SH concentrations in slurried samples, determined after treatment with tributylphosphine, ranged from 2 to 7 μM in the diatom mat and was below the limit of detection ( < 0.1 μM) in the carbonate sediment. MPN counts of bacteria that grew on DMS under oxic and anoxic (nitrate added) conditions were determined at all three sites. Aerobic DMS utilizers peaked in the surface and decreased with depth, while the population of anaerobic DMS utilizers was relatively constant in the top 20 mm. Populations of DMS utilizers were highest in the cyanobacterial mat and lowest in the carbonate sediment. MPN's of thiosulfate utilizers, aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate added) were determined in the cyanobacterial mat. Populations of aerobic and anaerobic S2O32− utilizers were similar throughout the top 20 mm and comparable to those of DMS utilizers in the top 5 mm, but higher by about 100-fold below that zone. DMS and CH3SH consumption rates were measured in slurries of sediments and aerobic rates were similar or only slightly higher than anaerobic rates; the latter were stimulated by nitrate.
Dehydration of lesquerella oil

The dehydration of lesquerella oil has been accomplished for the first time. Dehydration was performed using sulfuric acid, sulfates and phosphates, acidic clay, and aluminum oxide as dehydration catalysts. Dehydration products were characterized by infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopies. Color grades, acid values, hydroxyl values, and iodine values were obtained by established ASTM methods. Dehydration of either lesquerolic or ricinoleic acids creates slightly more conjugated diene than nonconjugated diene. Product mole ratios of conjugated to nonconjugated diene versus catalyst type varied from 1.1 to 1.6. Dehydrated lesquerella oil containing about 28 mol % conjugated (77.8 mol % total) diene has an iodine value of 147. Drying properties were also examined. Dehydration converts nondrying lesquerella oil into a drying oil with a drying velocity equivalent to a commercially dehydrated castor oil. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expression of Cross-Reactive Idiotypes at the Basement Membrane Zone in Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether tissue-bound anti – basement membrane zone (BMZ) autoantibodies in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) express a cross-reactive idiotype. We assayed 34 skin biopsies from 26 patients with BP and nine biopsies from control subjects, including normal subjects and patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita for the presence of a cross-reactive idiotype at the BMZ. Perilesional split-skin biopsies were assayed for the presence of immunoreactants, immunoglobulin G, and complement and for reactivity with a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for a circulating anti-BMZ antibody, anti-Id 3–17. Anti-Id 3–17 bound in a linear band to the BMZ in 12 of 26 patients with BP (46%) and in 0 of 9 control subjects. In serial biopsy specimens, the presence or absence of cross-reactive idiotype at the BMZ in six patients was stable during the disease course. This cross-reactive idiotype has been previously identified in the serum of 36% of patients with BP; however, in this study, no correlation was noted between the presence of the cross-reactive idiotype in skin and serum of individual patients. Because cross-reactive idiotypes occur as a consequence of restricted variable-region gene utilization, the demonstration of a cross-reactive idiotype at the BMZ previously identified in the serum of patients with BP supports the hypothesis that circulating and tissue-bound autoantibodies in this disease arise from a common genetic origin.
Addendum. Low-energy electron scattering by atomic oxygen

Recently computed differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering from the ground state of oxygen have been used to compute momentum- transfer cross sections for energies 0.136less than or equal toE (eV) less than or equal to11.02. Leading terms from the threshold laws have been used to estimate the zero-temperature limits of the rate constants for deactivation by electron impact.
A low-temperature CVD process for silicon carbide MEMS

A low-temperature, single precursor CVD process for the realization of SiC-based MEMS and SiC-coated MEMS is described using 1,3-disilabutane. With this deposition method, the fabrication of an all-SiC cantilever beam array is demonstrated using standard microfabrication processes. Also, SiC coating of released Si micromechanical structures is realized using this process. The SiC-coated microstructures are shown to have superior chemical stability when compared to their Si analogs, as well as exhibit highly favorable mechanical properties.
A calorimetric examinations of stable and fusing lipid bilayer vesicles

Abstract Mixed lipid samples containing dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine and small amounts of myristic acid were examined calorimetrically. Examination of multilamellar and small vesicle samples indicated that upon heating small vesicles combine to form more extended structures. An exothermic peak (at 19.5°C) can be associated with the structural transformation. The enthalpy for this process, which may be interpreted as vesicle-vesicle fusion, is found to be approx. -2 kcal/mol.
Patient‐Controlled Comparison of Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing With Sensory Testing (FEESST) and Videofluoroscopy

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the results of videofluoroscopy (VFS) with flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST) in dysphagia testing. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of data collected over a 4-year period at a tertiary care medical center. The FEESST and VFS results for patients receiving both examinations within a 2-week period were compared with respect to swallowing function. Comparisons were categorized as full agreement, minor disagreement that would not result in a significant difference in diet recommendations, and major disagreement that would result in a significant difference in diet recommendations. Kappa with quadratic weighting was calculated to evaluate the inter-test agreement. Results: Fifty-four patients met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Forty-one percent of patients were not eating by mouth at the time of FEESST and the mean interval between the two examinations was 5 days. Laryngeal examination revealed edema/erythema in 93%, impaired pharyngeal squeeze in 66%, decreased laryngopharyngeal sensation in 82%, and absent laryngeal adductor reflex in 30%. FEESST with all consistencies revealed pooling in 89%, penetration in 83%, and aspiration in 65% of patients. VFS revealed pooling in 65%, penetration in 67%, and aspiration in 54% of patients. Comparison of FEESST and VFS revealed full agreement in 52%, minor disagreement in 13%, and major disagreement in 35% of patients. A weighted kappa value of 0.324 signified only "fair" agreement between the two tests. Conclusions: FEESST and VFS may not represent comparable tests of dysphagia. Further comparative studies of tests of swallowing function are required to determine the ideal approach to dysphagia testing.
Ion collection by a sphere in a flowing plasma: 2. non-zero Debye length

The spatial distribution of ion flux to a sphere in a flowing collisionless plasma is calculated using a particle-in-cell code SCEPTIC. The code is validated by comparing with prior stationary-plasma and approximate calculations. Comprehensive results are provided for ion temperatures 1 and 0.1 times the electron temperature, and for Debye length from 0.01 to 100 times the probe size. A remarkable qualitatively new result is obtained: over a range of Debye lengths from roughly 0.1 to 10 times the probe radius at Ti = 0.1Te, the downstream side of the probe receives substantially higher flux density than the upstream side when the flow is subsonic. This unexpected reversal of the asymmetry reinforces the need for these fully self-consistent calculations, but renders the use of the flux ratio for Mach-probe purposes problematic, even for deriving the direction of the flow.
Quantum wells and artificially structured materials for nonlinear optics

Semiconductor lasers have been successful in covering only a limited portion of the desired spectral regions. New non-linear optical materials based upon semiconductor quantum wells and artificially structured materials greatly enhance the non-linear susceptibility and create possibilities for both new devices to reach these spectral regions and novel structures which can be integrated with the existing lasers. Second harmonic generation with asymmetric quantum wells and approaches for phase matching are described. The potential to extend these concepts into the visible spectral region are also discussed.
To Catch a Thief With and Without Numbers: Arguments, Scenarios and Probabilities in Evidential Reasoning.

Mistakes in evidential reasoning can have severe consequences. Especially, errors in the use of statistics have led to serious miscarriages of justice. Fact-finders and forensic experts make errors in reasoning and fail to communicate effectively. As tools to prevent mistakes, three kinds of methods are available. Argumentative methods analyse the arguments and counterarguments that are presented in court. Narrative methods consider the construction and comparison of scenarios of what may have happened. Probabilistic methods show the connections between the probability of hypothetical events and the evidence. Each of the kinds of methods has provided useful normative maxims for good evidential reasoning. Argumentative and narrative methods are especially helpful for the analysis of qualitative information, but do not come with a formal theory that is as well-established as probability theory. In probabilistic methods, the emphasis is on numeric information, so much so that a standard criticism is that these methods require more numbers than are available. This article offers an integrating perspective on evidential reasoning, combining the strengths of each of the kinds of methods: the adversarial setting of arguments pro and con, the globally coherent perspective provided by scenarios, and the gradual uncertainty of probabilities. In the integrating perspective, arguments and scenarios are interpreted in the quantitative setting of standard probability theory. In this way, the integrated perspective provides a normative framework that bridges the communicative gap between fact-finders and forensic experts. Both qualitative and quantitative information can be used safely, focusing on what is relevant.
WHY MATHEMATICS IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND COMPLEX GENETICS DISEASES

We discuss mathematical approaches to population genetics and evolutionary theory in the context of complex genetic disease. Mechanisms, which we discuss, include gene-environment interaction in lung cancer as well as classical mechanisms of stabilization of genetic disease such as overdominance, antagonistic pleiotropy and recurring mutations. Specific modeling approaches discussed include: (1) Mathematical model of the evolution of disease chromosome applied to mapping of a disease gene. (2) Iterated Galton–Watson branching process applied to modeling of trinucleotide expansion in triplet-repeat diseases. (3) Application of Ewens' sampling formula to analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism haplotypes at disease-related genes. The aim of this paper is not to present an exhaustive review, but rather to advocate mathematical modeling approaches in a field of current interest.
Relation between Surface Tension and Ion Adsorption at the Air-Water Interface: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

Classical molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and potassium fluoride at two different concentrations have been carried out using polarizable force fields and standard additive force fields (not including polarizability explicitly). We show that the presence of chloride ions at the air-solution interface, as predicted from the polarizable simulations of NaCl solutions, is reconcilable with the classical thermodynamics results of Gibbs absorption theory. We discuss the role of system size in the establishment of a bulklike region in which the ion densities have converged to the same value. We compare the results for NaCl solutions with those obtained for KF at two concentrations. We find that the computed surface tension and the surface excess follow the experimental trend for each salt solution. We have characterized the extent of adsorption by calculating the fraction of the solution surface area that is occupied by each ion. The analysis reveals that, as expected, in the KF solution neither the cation nor the anion is present on the surface, regardless of whether or not a polarizable force field is employed. On the other hand, in the NaCl solutions, chloride anions occupy the surface to an extent that is roughly proportional to their bulk concentration, but only when a polarizable model is used.
Report of the first peritoneal dialysis program in Guyana, South America.

IntroductionIn 2008, we initiated the first Guyanese comprehensive kidney replacement program, comprising hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), vascular access procedures, and living-donor k...
Understanding the Synergistic Effect of Arginine and Glutamic Acid Mixtures on Protein Solubility

Understanding protein solubility is a key part of physical chemistry. In particular, solution conditions can have a major effect, and the effect of multiple cosolutes is little understood. It has been shown that the simultaneous addition of l-arginine hydrochloride and l-glutamic acid enhances the maximum achievable solubility of several poorly soluble proteins up to 4–8 times (Golovanov et. al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 8933–8939) and reduces the intermolecular interactions between proteins. The observed solubility enhancement is negligible for arginine and glutamic acid solutions as compared to the equimolar mixtures. In this study, we have established the molecular mechanism behind this observed synergistic effect of arginine and glutamic acid mixtures using preferential interaction theory and molecular dynamics simulations of Drosophilia Su(dx) protein (ww34). It was found that the protein solubility enhancement is related to the relative increase in the number of arginine and glutamic acid molecu...
Symplectic three-algebra unifying $ \mathcal{N} = 5,6 $ superconformal Chern-Simons-Matter theories

We define a 3-algebra with structure constants being symmetric in the first two indices. We also introduce an invariant anti-symmetric tensor into this 3-algebra and call it a symplectic 3-algebra. The general $ \mathcal{N} = 5 $ superconformal Chern-Simons-matter (CSM) theory with SO(5) R-symmetry in three dimensions is constructed by using this algebraic structure. We demonstrate that the supersymmetry can be enhanced to $ \mathcal{N} = 6 $ if the sympelctic 3-algebra and the fields are decomposed in a proper fashion. By specifying the 3-brackets, some presently known $ \mathcal{N} = 5,6 $ superconformal theories are described in terms of this unified 3-algebraic framework. These include the $ \mathcal{N} = 5 $ , Sp(2N) ×O(M) CSM theory with SO(5) R-symmetry, the $ \mathcal{N} = 6 $ , Sp(2N) × U(1) CSM theory with SU(4) R-symmetry, as well as the ABJM theory as a special case of U(M) × U(N) theory with SU(4) R-symmetry.
Large and small scale forms of personhood

Abstract This article describes how forms of mediation are segmented into mediatized forms through links among discursive and commodity-based practices. In obscuring these practices, the “mass media” construct obscures the characteristics of cultural forms that emerge and spread through these practices. The paper focuses on the processes through which the cultural form known as “the liberal subject” was re-scaled through mediatized practices in early modern Europe, a consideration of which clarifies the causes underlying its present day anxieties.
Cre-mediated recombination in the pituitary gland

Organ-specific expression of a cre recombinase transgene allows for the analysis of gene function in a particular tissue or cell type. Using a 4.6 kb promoter from the mouse glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alphaGSU or Cga) gene, we have generated and characterized a line of transgenic mice that express cre recombinase in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland. Utilizing a cre-responsive reporter transgene, alphaGSU-cre transgene expression was detected in the pituitary primordium and in all five cell types of the adult anterior pituitary. alphaGSU-cre transgene activity was also detected in the cardiac and skeletal muscle. Little or no activity was evident in the gonads, adrenal glands, brain, ventromedial hypothalamus, or kidneys. The alphaGSU-cre transgenic mice characterized here will be a valuable tool for examining gene function in the pituitary gland.
Transversal Filters with Charge Transfer Devices

Analog sampled-data transversal filters can be realized using charge transfer devices. Low pass, bandpass and various matched filters have been fabricated using this technology. In addition these transversal filters can be used to obtain the discrete Fourier transform via the chirp Z algorithm. This paper will review the state of the art in charge transfer transversal filters. Applications of these filters to low pass filtering, matched filtering and spectrum analysis will be described. These transversal filters are uniquely suited to providing an optimum filter for nuclear radiation spectrometers. The design of a charge transfer transversal filter for filtering the pulse obtained from a silicon or germanium nuclear detector will be described.
The delivery of mental health care: where are we and where are we going?

ixty years is a long time, or is it? The American Medical Association was founS ded 166 years ago. The American Psychiatric Association traces its origins back 169 years. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is no longer in its infancy yet we may still be decades away from adulthood. What’s happened in those 60 years? At our inception, we were a small, very small, group of child psychoanalysts and academicians. Now we have grown to more than 8,500 members practicing in offices, hospitals, schools, residential treatment centers, juvenile justice institutions, and research facilities. We work as clinicians, educators, research scientists, administrators, and policy makers. As we have changed, the provision of mental health services has changed, driven largely by forces outside our profession: the implementation of Medicare, Medicaid, the Community Mental Health Act, health maintenance organizations, andmanaged care. Despite our growth and despite the changes around us, only 20% of the children and adolescents in need of psychiatric treatment receive help. As a maturing field, should we begin to lead the provision of services in a manner that begins to address this gross deficiency? Our field often traces its origins to the child guidance clinics, first established in the 1920s to address juvenile delinquency. Supported by donations, grants, and state funding, by the 1950s these clinics served as the foundation for our nation’s children’s mental health delivery system. They also served as the foundation for training for child psychiatrists in a multidisciplinary model that also brought together pediatricians, psychologists, and social workers into a functioning team sharing the expertise of each discipline. Alongside this model and oftentimes
Switching auditory attention using spatial and non-spatial features recruits different cortical networks

Switching attention between different stimuli of interest based on particular task demands is important in many everyday settings. In audition in particular, switching attention between different speakers of interest that are talking concurrently is often necessary for effective communication. Recently, it has been shown by multiple studies that auditory selective attention suppresses the representation of unwanted streams in auditory cortical areas in favor of the target stream of interest. However, the neural processing that guides this selective attention process is not well understood. Here we investigated the cortical mechanisms involved in switching attention based on two different types of auditory features. By combining magneto- and electro-encephalography (M-EEG) with an anatomical MRI constraint, we examined the cortical dynamics involved in switching auditory attention based on either spatial or pitch features. We designed a paradigm where listeners were cued in the beginning of each trial to switch or maintain attention halfway through the presentation of concurrent target and masker streams. By allowing listeners time to switch during a gap in the continuous target and masker stimuli, we were able to isolate the mechanisms involved in endogenous, top-down attention switching. Our results show a double dissociation between the involvement of right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ) and the left inferior parietal supramarginal part (LIPSP) in tasks requiring listeners to switch attention based on space and pitch features, respectively, suggesting that switching attention based on these features involves at least partially separate processes or behavioral strategies.
A Model for Explaining Drug Use Behavior Among Hispanic Adolescents

SUMMARY This paper presents an integrative framework for etiological research about Hispanic adolescent drug use. The integrative framework provides a logical, theoretically grounded approach for linking immigrant and native born Hispanic adolescents and their parents to social environments, and describes the contingencies of social psychological adaptation that occur within these environments. Substantive findings from previous research are presented to support the integrative framework. The integrative framework provides a rational basis for organizing complex concepts and synthesizing fragmentary or competing theoretical approaches, and for empirically testing derived hypotheses using quantitative and qualitative methods.
The Effects of Fear of AIDS and Gender on Responses to Fear‐Arousing Condom Advertisements

The effects of message fear arousal, fear of AIDS, and gender on attitudinal responses to condom advertisements were tested in a laboratory experiment. Ninety-five male and 96 female college students, previously assessed for fear of getting AIDS, rated the effectiveness of 1 of 4 high-fear or 4 low-fear condom ads in motivating them to buy the product. Contrary to prediction, the high-fear condom ads did not significantly differ from low-fear ads in effectiveness. The prediction that subjects' fear of AIDS would interact with ad fear level was also not supported. However, subjects with a high fear of getting AIDS viewed ads as more effective than did low-fear subjects. As predicted, male subjects viewed ads as more effective than did women. Results support the health belief model's tenet that a sense of vulnerability facilitates acceptance of a message. Implications of the results for condom use promotion in AIDS prevention materials are discussed.
Object use in childhood: development and possible functions

The ways in which children use objects is central to many theories of child development, yet we lack systematic descriptions of the various ways in which objects are used across childhood. In this chapter, I first describe the different forms of object use (i.e., exploration, construction, play, tool use, and toolmaking) for boys and girls in childhood, and then establish time budgets for each type of object use. Second, I make functional inferences about each form of object use and the social contexts in which each is embedded. Putative functions of object play, specifically, may be related to children’s discovery of novel uses or related to peer group centrality in abundant niches, such as university preschool classrooms. These dynamics produce a connected social network in which object play and group structure might interact to spread novel ideas. I also make educational recommendations for this work.
The pervasive nature of DAM across a multimedia organization

For most businesses operating in the media sector, a digital asset management (DAM) solution is, fundamentally, an electronic cataloguing tool which allows a wide group of consumers to search, store and utilize content through copying and distribution of the content itself and its associated metadata. In many cases, workflow controls monitor the status of content or metadata. Enterprises, however, need to apply a high number of business rules to determine content usage — for example, a 30-second commercial required for broadcast. On its own, the rules associated with a commercial are limited, but the business rules operating on this content ring from ownership of an advertiser, agency and internal sales executive through to a booking mechanism, invoicing and associated financial policy. These rules have traditionally been part of a sales or traffic system and simply act on data or data types. In this sense each set of data is an object. With content stored as an object, the logical development is a DAM solution. A DAM solution considers these business rules, allows them to act upon the content and therefore become a pervasive application and primary business support tool across any media player. This paper attempts to argue the case that this is a logical conclusion to the introduction and development of DAM systems.
Characterization of Thiobacillus species by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids.

Fatty acids of 18 strains representing 10 species of Thiobacillus were extracted from whole cells and examined as methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Both visual and quantitative comparison of the resulting chromatograms for the presence and relative amounts of major peaks allowed rapid differentiation between such closely related species as Thiobacillus neapolitanus and T. thioparus and of eight other species. Except for a feature common to all thiobacilli tested, T. thiooxidans, T. neapolitanus and T. thioparus each possessed a characteristic fatty acid methyl ester profile that was exhibited by all the strains of that species. Hence, the thiobacilli could be divided into three distinct groups. It was possible to use the gas-liquid chromatographic patterns of the cellular fatty acids for rapid identification or grouping of these microorganisms since the fatty acid composition of the genus Thiobacillus thus appeared to be of taxonomic significance.
Chondromyxoid fibroma of the temporal bone.

BACKGROUND Chondromyxoid fibromas are benign neoplasms comprising approximately 0.5% of primary bone tumors. The occurrence of this tumor in the skull is extremely rare, with only four previously reported cases involving the temporal bone and a total of 17 cases with intracranial involvement. CASE DESCRIPTION We describe the case of a 22-year-old man who experienced a 1-year history of headaches with progressive ear pain and mild hearing loss. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head demonstrated an extraaxial tumor arising from the left temporal mastoid region. A craniotomy was performed and the tumor resection required extensive drilling of the temporal bone. Grossly, the tumor consisted of a firm semigelatinous myxomatous tissue containing multiple areas of calcification and was histologically consistent with chondromyxoid fibroma. CONCLUSIONS Complete resection is the goal of surgery. Recurrence rates of 7% to 27% have been reported, dependent on the degree of initial resection. Radiation is not recommended because of the potential for sarcomatous conversion. Reoperation may be indicated for symptomatic recurrence.
Knowledge-based analysis of microarrays for the discovery of transcriptional regulation relationships.

Background The large amount of high-throughput genomic data has facilitated the discovery of the regulatory relationships between transcription factors and their target genes. While early methods for discovery of transcriptional regulation relationships from microarray data often focused on the high-throughput experimental data alone, more recent approaches have explored the integration of external knowledge bases of gene interactions.
Critical material and process issues for CO2 separation from coal-powered plants

Concentrating CO2 from the dilute coal combustion or gasification gas stream to a level suitable for sequestration purposes represents a major cost factor to curtail CO2 emissions by capture and sequestration. This paper provides a short review of CO2 capture incentives, current separation processes, and research progress of various new technologies. Scientifically, CO2 can be separated from a gas mixture by all the methods reviewed in this work: distillation, absorption, adsorption, gas/solid reaction, membrane, electrochemical pump, hydrate formation, etc. The challenge lies in practical feasibility and ultimately the cost. Important material issues and their impacts to the process viability will be discussed.
On the use of blocked 2-level main effects plans having blocks of different sizes

Abstract Here we suggest that when m 2-level factors can be studied using b blocks of size k , it may be more efficient when k is odd to use a block design having b blocks with unequal even block sizes.
A transducer using a short-circuit rotor

AS CONTROL EQUIPMENT becomes more automatic and accuracy requirements increase, more highly specialized position-sensing equipment becomes necessary. In the signal-generator type of position-sensing equipment, angular rotation of the input shaft causes a proportionate voltage to appear as the output of the device. It is usually desirable that the output be of line frequency and phase sensitive, that is, that the voltage increases on either side of a minimum or null voltage position and the phase of the output shift 180° as the rotor passes through the null position. This article describes a signal generator which has two unique characteristics: (1) the output is practically unaffected by linear motions of the rotor, and (2) magnetic side pull on the rotor is negligible even when the rotor is not centered.
Volterra Kernel Identification Using Triangular Wavelets

The Nblterra series provides a convenient framework for the representation of nonlinear dynamical systems. One of the main drawbacks of this approach, however, is the large number of terns that are...
How does psychotherapy influence personality? A theoretical integration.

A given type of psychotherapy (e.g., psychodynamic) is associated with a set of specific change techniques (e.g., interpreting defenses, identifying relationship themes). Different change techniques can be conceived of as influencing different parts of personality (e.g., interpreting defense increases conscious awareness). An integrated model of personality is presented. Then, change techniques from different theoretical perspectives are assigned by judges to areas of personality the techniques are believed to influence. The results suggest that specific change techniques can be reliably sorted into the areas of personality. Thinking across theoretical perspectives leads to important new opportunities for assessment, therapy outcome research, and communication with patients concerning personality change. ©2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 60: 1291–1315, 2004.
Growth Process of Polyaniline Thin Films Formed by Hot Wire CVD

We explore the use of hot-wire (HW) CVD as an alternative, solvent-free technique to produce compact films similar to conventional polyaniline. Film deposition and molecular bonding are studied as functions of Ta filament temperature, aniline pressure, and substrate temperature to allow an insight into the film growth mechanism, which is postulated to depend largely on reactions of aniline with H and C atoms generated at the hot wire. The process gas, aniline, is found to cause rapid formation of tantalum carbide and carbon deposits on the hot Ta surface. The accompanying change in film quality as the filament ages is studied.
Analog CMOS peak detect and hold circuits. Part 2. The two-phase offset-free and derandomizing configuration

An analog CMOS peak detect and hold (PDH) circuit, which combines high speed and accuracy, rail-to-rail sensing and driving, low power, and buffering is presented. It is based on a configuration that cancels the major error sources of the classical CMOS PDH, including offset and common mode gain, by re-using the same amplifier for tracking, peak sensing, and output buffering. By virtue of its high absolute accuracy, two or more PDHs can be used in parallel to serve as a data-driven analog memory for derandomization. The first experimental results on the new peak detector and derandomizer (PDD) circuit, fabricated in 0.35mm CMOS technology, include a 0.2% absolute accuracy for pulses with 500 ns peaking time, 2.7 V linear input range, 3.3 mW power dissipation, 250 mV/s droop rate, and negligible dead time. The use of such a high performance analog PDD can greatly relax the requirements on the digitization in multi-channel systems. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparative evaluation of Taqman real-time PCR and semi-nested VP1 PCR for detection of enteroviruses in clinical specimens

Abstract Background Molecular diagnostic tests to detect enterovirus in clinical specimens usually target highly conserved sites in the 5′-non-translated region, allowing detection of all members of the genus. The sequences in the 5′-NTR do not correlate with serotype, but PCR and sequencing of the VP1 region can be used for typing; this system has largely replaced traditional antigenic typing. Objective To investigate the relative performance of two common enterovirus assays. Study design We compared the relative sensitivities of Taqman® real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and a VP1 semi-nested PCR (RT-snPCR) assay in which sequencing the VP1 amplicon also provides typing information. Results There was 89% concordance between the two methods among the 371 clinical specimens tested (74 positive in both assays and 257 negative in both assays). Twenty-seven rRT-PCR-negative/VP1-positive specimens were confirmed positive by sequencing; 13 specimens were rRT-PCR-positive/VP1-negative. Conclusions The results suggest that either assay can produce satisfactory results, but that using both assays in parallel should provide the highest sensitivity for clinical diagnostic testing.
Pore-diffusion mechanisms during vapor-phase adsorption

Damkohler analysis of nitrogen-silica gel absorption isotherm in multimolecular range, noting vapor phase transport and absorbed phase diffusivities
Divorce and suicide risk

There is accumulating evidence that divorced and separated people have much higher suicide rates than their married counterparts. In a previous paper published in this journal, it was observed that divorced and separated men were nearly 2.4 times more likely to kill themselves than their married counterparts.1 That study, however, failed to directly compare divorced men and women. While it informed us that divorced people are at higher risk of suicide than the married, it said nothing about the suicide risk of divorced men relative to divorced women. The purpose of this communication is to assess the magnitude of the differentials in suicide risk between the two groups, and explore …
Burkholderiales ord. nov

Burk.hol.de.ri.a' les. M.L. fem. n. Burkholderia type genus of the order; -ales ending to denote order; M.L. fem. n. Burkholderiales the Burkholderia order. Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Burkholderiales Keywords: Burkholderiales ord. nov; Burkholderia; Betaproteobacteria class. nov.
Simulation of a Direct-Current Microdischarge for the Micro Plasma Thruster

We present computational modeling results for discharge phenomena in a microdischarge plasma thruster device. The model provides self-consistent, multispecies, and multitemperature description of the direct-current microdischarge in an expanding gas stream. Results include the potential profiles as well as the number density profiles of the different species inside the microdischarge. Strong coupling between plasma and gas dynamics is observed, resulting in a small fraction of ions escaping the device that can contribute to an electrostatic component of thrust from microthruster.