cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Locality-aware Resource Management in Wide-area Distributed Systems

Wide-area distributed systems such as data sharing, computational grids, and multimedia are increasingly being deployed in a large-scale, heterogeneous and dynamic distributed environment with geographically scattered resources. However, most current resource management approaches are unable to simultaneously deal with the characteristics of such an environment. This paper presents an efficient DHT-based locality-aware resource management mechanism. Taking advantage of a DHTpsilas hierarchical structure, it uses a single DHT to achieve multi-resource management with low overhead. Moreover, it has high capability to handle the characteristics of distributed systems. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism in comparison with other resource management algorithms. The mechanism performs no worse than existing locality-aware approaches and exhibits high resilience to dynamism. It also reduces the overhead of the locality-aware algorithms due to the elimination of unnecessary communications by shrinking probing scope. In addition, it yields significant improvements in the efficiency of resource discovery.
Establishment and characterization of a highly tumorigenic African American prostate cancer cell line, E006AA-hT.

Genuine racial differences in prostate cancer (PCa) biology have been considered among the potential reasons to explain PCa disparities. There is no animal model to represent all aspects of human PCa and, more specifically, to be used for PCa disparity research. The lack of a spontaneously transformed in vitro cell-based model system has been a significant impediment to investigating and understanding potential molecular mechanisms, and the hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic factors underlying the biological and clinical aggressiveness of PCa in African American (AA) men. In this study, we established and characterized the E006AA-hT cell line as a highly tumorigenic subline of the previously characterized primary AA-PCa cell line, E006AA. Extensive characterization of the E006AA-hT cell line was accomplished using cytodifferentiation and prostate-specific markers, spectral karyotyping, cell line authentication assays, cell proliferation and migration assays, and in vitro tumorigenesis assays. Spectral karyotyping of E006AA-hT showed a hypertriploid chromosome complement and shared cytogenetic changes similar to its parental cells such as diploid X, absence of Y-chromosomes, numerical gains in chromosomes 5,6,8,10,17,20,21, and marker chromosomes of unknown origin. In addition, E006AA-hT also presented numerous clonal and structural aberrations such as insertion, deletion, duplication, and translocations in chromosomes 1-5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 18. The E006AA-hT cell line was shown to be highly tumorigenic and produced tumors at an accelerated growth rate in both athymic nude and triple-deficient SCID mice. Silencing the mutated androgen receptor (AR-599 Ser>Gly) did not affect proliferation (loss-of-function), but decreased migration (gain-of-function) in E006AA-hT and its parental cell type. These data support that AR-point mutations may lead simultaneously to different “loss-of-function” and “gain-of-function” phenotypes in PCa cells. E006AA-Par and its subline as the only available spontaneously transformed low- and highly-tumorigenic primary AA-PCa cell lines could be used for basic and translational research aimed in supporting prostate cancer disparity research.
Sinonasal epithelial wound resealing in an in vitro model: inhibition of wound closure with IL-4 exposure.

Background Prolonged healing and persistent inflammation following surgery for rhinosinusitis impacts patient satisfaction and healthcare resources. Cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are important mediators in T-helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory rhinosinusitis. Decreased wound healing has been demonstrated with Th2 cytokine exposure, but this has not been extensively studied in sinonasal epithelium. We hypothesized that in vitro exposure of primary sinonasal epithelial cell cultures to Th2 inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 would impair wound resealing and decrease expression of annexin A2 at the wound edge. Methods Following 24-hour exposure to IL-4, IL-5, or IL-13 vs controls, sterile linear mechanical wounds were created in primary sinonasal epithelial cultures (n = 12 wounds per condition). Wounds were followed for 36 hours or until complete closure, and residual wound areas were calculated by image analysis. Group differences in annexin A2 were assessed by immunofluorescence labeling, confocal microscopy, and Western blots. Results Significant wound closure differences were identified across cytokine exposure groups (p < 0.001). Mean percentage wound closure at the completion of the 36-hour time course was 98.41% ± 3.43% for control wounds vs 85.02% ± 18.46% for IL-4 exposed wounds. IL-13 did not significantly impair sinonasal epithelial wound resealing in vitro. Annexin A2 protein levels were decreased in IL-4 treated wounds when compared to control wounds (p < 0.01). Conclusion Th2 cytokine IL-4 decreases sinonasal epithelial wound closure in vitro. Annexin A2 is also diminished with IL-4 exposure. This supports the hypothesis that IL-4 exposure impairs sinonasal epithelial wound healing and may contribute to prolonged healing in Th2 inflammatory rhinosinusitis.
Richard Wright and African francophone intellectuals: a reassessment of the 1956 Congress of Black Writers in Paris

Abstract This study examines the ambivalent relationships that Richard Wright had with African francophone intellectuals such as Leopold Sedar Senghor and Alioune Diop, who were involved in African anti-colonial struggles in France during the 1930s and 1950s when he was committed to African American struggle for equality, justice, and freedom. In an attempt to re-evaluate the African American writer's participation in the 1956 Congress of Black Writers in Paris, this essay explores Wright's views on the Pan-Africanist ideas and concepts of culture and race that Senghor and Diop expressed in their convention speeches and analyzes the pivotal role that Wright had in the development of Presence Africaine and Negritude despite his condescending views about Africans.
Avoiding awareness of betrayal: Comment on Lindblom and Gray (2009)

Betrayal trauma theory (BTT) predicts that unawareness of abuse by someone on whom a victim is dependent may serve to protect a necessary relationship. Lindblom and Gray (2009) contribute to a growing line of BTT studies by measuring narrative detail in a sample of undergraduates who met Criterion A of the PTSD diagnosis and who rated the abuse as their most distressing trauma. Although many core betrayal traumas do not fit Criterion A, Lindblom and Gray found a small effect in the predicted direction. Having found an effect as predicted by BTT, curiously the authors then argue that PTSD Avoidance is a confound for forgetting the abuse to be statistically managed. This is particularly curious since symptom 3 of Criterion C is ‘inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma’. Despite constraining participant selection and other methodological issues, Lindblom and Gray's results add support to BTT. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent Heritage Speakers of Less Commonly Taught Languages in the United States

Research has demonstrated that heritage language maintenance can positively contribute to the academic and social lives of immigrant youth in the United States. This review examines the literature regarding adolescent heritage speakers of less commonly taught languages (LCTL). I focus on factors of ethnic identity and family relations and how they interact with language learning opportunities and outcomes for adolescent LCTL heritage learners. Heritage language development can lead to students’ stronger sense of ethnic identity which may serve as an important buffer from discrimination in schools and larger society. Heritage language development can also serve as a supportive mechanism for higher quality adult–child interactions and fewer acculturation-related conflicts, particularly during adolescence. In short, researchers and educators must consider how heritage language learning opportunities matter for adolescent LCTL heritage speakers and all diverse students.
The Milky Way: From Mammary Gland to Milk to Newborn

My interest in this topic started during studies on the role of lipoprotein lipase in pregnancy and lactation. These studies, carried out in the late 60’s, showed that prior to parturition and throughout lactation lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity (the key enzyme that regulates the uptake of chylomicron and VLDL triglyceride-fatty acids by various organs) is markedly increased in rat mammary gland. Concomitantly, there was a decrease in adipose tissue LPL activity, which resulted in an effective channeling of dietary fat from storage in adipose tissue to the lactating mammary gland for the synthesis of milk fat. These studies also showed that suckling is essential for the maintenance of high LPL activity in the mammary gland and its suppression in adipose tissue.1 Changes in LPL activity in both tissues were effected rapidly starting at 4 hours of cessation of suckling. Initial studies attributed these changes in LPL activity to hormonal changes associated with lactation such as prolactin secretion.2 This was the first study to show that regulation of LPL activity in individual organs can affect their ability to utilize circulating triglyceride-fatty acids for their immediate needs.
On the Interpretation of Off-Axis Thermal Diffusivity Data for Coarse-Weave Composites

An off-axis test for the determination of thermal diffusivity along the principal axes of coarse-weave composites was suggested recently due to its potential in reducing percentage rise-fraction effects. In the present paper an evaluation of off-axis testing is presented based on the available data suggesting that more careful study is needed to conclude that off-axis testing is a more reliable means of obtaining on-axis thermal diffusivity values. It is also suggested that the off-axis sample cut at 45° direction may not always result in the 45° off-axis thermal diffusivity values.
Using of Ferrous Chloride in Anaerobic Digestion of a Substrate with High Sulphur Content

Possibilities of anaerobic processing of substrates rich in sulphur were studied. High concentrations of sulphur cause problems when contained in biogas, as well as inhibition by sulphides in anaerobic processes. The impact of ferrous chloride on anaerobic processes, directly dosed to the anaerobic reactor was studied. This sulphur removal method is commonly known, though the objective of our study was to identify problems when it is applied on substrates rich in sulphur. Waste biomass from cystine production was used as substrate, which is produced in large quantities (17000 t/y) by Biotika, a.s. Slovenska Ľupca and requires processing; sulphur content range from 4 up to 5 % in the biomass. Specific biogas production was 0.410 m3/kg COD i.e. 0.737 m3/kg VSS, while 77 % sulphide inhibition occurred after several dose repetitions. Inhibition decreased to 25.4 % during long-term processing of cystine biomass in a mixed anaerobic reactor. Ferrous chloride dosing, however, resulted in high excess sludge generation, lower organic content in the sludge and high concentration of dissolved inorganic salts. These factors may lead to secondary problems in long-term processing of cystine biomass.
Right ventricle dysfunction and echocardiographic parameters in the first 24 h following resuscitation in the post-cardiac arrest patient: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objectives To describe the echocardiographic parameters of the right ventricle (RV) in first 24 h post-cardiac arrest (CA) in humans; to determine if the etiology of arrest predicts RV dysfunction; to quantify parameters of the right ventricle in the first 24 h post-CA. Design Retrospective cohort study. Arrests were categorized by as circulatory, respiratory, or arrhythmia. RV fractional area change (RVFAC), longitudinal strain (LS), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and right ventricular dimensions were evaluated. We defined RV dysfunction as the presence of an abnormal RVFAC, TAPSE or LS based on the latest echocardiographic guidelines. Structural abnormalities were defined as the presence of abnormal longitudinal strain, RV mid-diameter, basal diameter and RV end diastole/systole. Setting Two academic inpatient facilities between 2010 and 2013. Patients All patients with successful resuscitation following CA with a technically adequate echocardiogram within 24 h. Measurements and main results Fifty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Nineteen subjects had CA from a circulatory etiology, 23 from arrhythmias, and 17 from respiratory causes. Fifty-two of 59 patients met criteria for having functional anomalies of the RV. There was no statistical difference between the etiology of CA and the presence of RV dysfunction ( p = 0.106). Fifty-seven of 59 patients had evidence of structural abnormalities. Conclusions RV dysfunction is present in the majority of post-CA patient regardless of the etiology of arrest. Further studies are needed to investigate if there are relationships between echocardiographic findings and survival and to assess temporal findings of RV function post-CA.
Light-front representation of chiral dynamics with Δ isobar and large-N c relations

Transverse densities describe the spatial distribution of electromagnetic current in the nucleon at fixed light-front time. At peripheral distances b = O(M − 1 ) the densities are governed by chiral dynamics and can be calculated model-independently using chiral effective field theory (EFT). Recent work has shown that the EFT results can be represented in first-quantized form, as overlap integrals of chiral light-front wave functions describing the transition of the nucleon to soft-pion-nucleon intermediate states, resulting in a quantum-mechanical picture of the peripheral transverse densities. We now extend this representation to include intermediate states with Δ isobars and implement relations based on the large-N c limit of QCD. We derive the wave function overlap formulas for the Δ contributions to the peripheral transverse densities by way of a three-dimensional reduction of relativistic chiral EFT expressions. Our procedure effectively maintains rotational invariance and avoids the ambiguities with higher-spin particles in the light-front time-ordered approach. We study the interplay of πN and πΔ intermediate states in the quantum-mechanical picture of the densities in a transversely polarized nucleon. We show that the correct N c -scaling of the charge and magnetization densities emerges as the result of the particular combination of currents generated by intermediate states with degenerate N and Δ. The off-shell behavior of the chiral EFT is summarized in contact terms and can be studied easily. The methods developed here can be applied to other peripheral densities and to moments of the nucleon’s generalized parton distributions.
Regional cerebral blood flows in endotoxin shock with methylprednisolone treatment.

SummaryIt has previously been shown that total and regional cerebral blood flows are severely decreased during endotoxin shock. The effects of methylprednisolone and volume expansion therapy on the regional cerebral blood flows during endotoxin shock in anesthetized dogs are described. Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol; 30 mg/kg) was injected iv 15 min prior to infusion of E. coli endotoxin (1 mg/kg) and hourly (⋍8 mg/kg) for 4 hr of shock. Regional cerebral blood flows were determined using the radioactive-labeled particle distibution technique. In contrast to untreated dogs, treated dogs exhibited no change or an increased blood flow in seven regions of the brain at 2 hr of shock; blood flows in the pons, medulla, hypothalamus, thalamus, and pituitary were not significantly different than control at 4 hr of shock. These data suggest that pretreatment with methylprednisolone, combined with supplemental doses and volume expanders, protects the cerebral circulation during endotoxin shock.This research was su...
Hematologic Effects of Pteroylglutamic Acid (Folic Acid) in Man.

ConclusionThe administration of pteroylglutamic acid was followed by definite improvement in 17 of 23 cases of human macrocytic anemia. The hematologic effects of pteroylglutamic acid closely resembled those of liver extract but differed in that oral administration was equally or more effective than parenteral and that restoration of the blood picture to normal was often incomplete.
Aleuriospore Formation in Four Related Aspergillus Species

The submerged thallospore of Aspergillus terreus is described for the first time in A. fiavipes, A. niveus, and A. carneus. The spore, more accurately termed aleuriospore, has several unique featur...
Presence of an active erythropoietic factor (erythropoietin) in plasma of rats after prolonged cobalt therapy.

Summary1) Plasma was obtained from hemorrhagic anemic rats and from rats injected with cobalt for 26 days for determination of erythropoietic activity. Cobalt concentration of plasma from cobalt treated rats was lowered to normal levels by dialysis against isotonic phosphate-cyanide solution of pH 7.5. The level of cobalt in plasma was determined by modification of the nitroso-R-salt method. 2) Plasma to be injected was concentrated 6.6 times in vacuo. The erythropoietic activity was tested, using reticulocyte changes as index of activity, in hypophysectomized rats injected subcutaneously with 1 cc of concentrated plasma for 3 consecutive days. Reticulocyte counts were made 24 and 48 hours after end of injections. Plasma from anemic animals caused increase of reticulocytes to 61.5 and 151% (24 and 48 hours respectively) above values obtained from injections of plasma from normal rats. Injections of “cobalt treated” plasma increased the level of circulating reticulocytes to 36.4 and 54.5% above values obta...
Molecular cloud formation in high-shear, magnetized colliding flows

The colliding flows (CF) model is a well-supported mechanism for generating molecular clouds. However, to-date most CF simulations have focused on the formation of clouds in the normal-shock layer between head-on colliding flows. We performed simulations of magnetized colliding flows that instead meet at an oblique-shock layer. Oblique shocks generate shear in the post-shock environment, and this shear creates inhospitable environments for star formation. As the degree of shear increases (i.e. the obliquity of the shock increases), we find that it takes longer for sink particles to form, they form in lower numbers, and they tend to be less massive. With regard to magnetic fields, we find that even a weak field stalls gravitational collapse within forming clouds. Additionally, an initially oblique collision interface tends to reorient over time in the presence of a magnetic field, so that it becomes normal to the oncoming flows. This was demonstrated by our most oblique shock interface, which became fully normal by the end of the simulation.
A rant good for business: Communicative capitalism and the capture of anti-racist resistance

ABSTRACTFollowing Richard Sherman’s infamous postgame interview after the 2013 NFC championship game, the popular media mobilized in rebuttal to what appeared to be the rampant expression of racism on Twitter and other social media. Articles on the websites for Grantland, Deadspin, The Nation, Esquire, Ebony, and many others shamed Sherman’s racist detractors enthusiastically. This essay argues that the Sherman incident charted an elaborate anti-racist political argument calibrated to reflect the demands and objectives of neoliberal capitalism. I advance this argument in two main sections. First, I explain how the relationship between anti-racism and neoliberalism is complicated by what Jodi Dean calls communicative capitalism, a situation that neutralizes the purported effects of anti-racist speech in support of Richard Sherman. Second, I show how Sherman’s challenge to the notion of Black respectability renders his blackness imaginary, a move that depoliticizes capitalist relations in the name of anti-r...
ENERGY-SAVING TRANSFORMATION OF BEAM PUMPING UNIT

This paper presents the features of out phase beam-balanced pumping unit.Taking CYJY12-4.8-73 HB beam unit as example,the specific methods of beam pumping unit energy-saving transformation are explained.After beam pumping unit is transformed,electricity-saving is above 10%,working Status and force features of beam unit are improved.Stability of beam unit is increased,and lifetime is prolonged.
Diagnostic Analysis and Treatment on Abnormal Bearing & Pad Vibration in 300 MW Steam Turbine Generators

Aiming at excessive bearing vibration in startup of 300 MW steam turbine generators,the paper analyzes data of bear vibration and pad vibration and tests the vibration difference between bedplates at turbine end.It is believed that the deficient connection rigidity is the major reason for excessive bearing and pad vibration in generators.The abnormal bearing and pad vibration is handled by improvement of connection rigidity.
A review of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart malformation and can be detected during the prenatal and postnatal period, in childhood, and in adulthood. Spontaneous closure of VSD can be determined through a variety of methods-echocardiography, Doppler color flow imaging, angiography, auscultation, and cardiac catheterization-and can be proven by pathological evidence at necropsy. There are two major types of VSD, membranous and muscular, as well as the perimembranous variety, which comprises variable portions of the adjacent muscular septum but lacks the membranous septum. VSD appears either as an isolated cardiac defect without other abnormalities or with several complex malformations. It has long been recognized that VSD can close spontaneously, but the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure is still uncertain. Since necropsy study of the hearts with VSD has rarely been reported, information on morphological features of spontaneous VSD closure remains limited. In addition, the mechanisms for spontaneous VSD closure are not fully understood. Herein, we present a brief review of the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure, morphological characteristics of the closure, and the main mechanisms responsible for the closure.
Choline incorporation into phospholipids in mesothelial cells in vitro.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of extracellular choline concentration on phospholipid production and handling by peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro.Design and MeasurementsRadiolabeled choline ...
An Internship in Communicative English Teaching

This chapter reports on the genesis, ongoing development, and outcomes of a yearlong high school English teacher internship that was established in 2005 at Temple University Japan Campus (TUJ) in Tokyo. The internship was originally created specifically for a veteran high school teacher of English who had been granted a one-year sabbatical by his prefectural school board for the purpose of sharpening his teaching skills in order to implement the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (2003) mandate that Japanese high school English teachers should teach communicatively and with the goal of making students able to use English for real-world purposes.
“Los esbirros no han logrado / apagar la luz de la luna”: Rayen Kvyeh

La primera parte del articulo es una breve introduccion al imaginario poetico de Rayen Kvyeh, Flor de luna (en mapudungun), en sus tres libros: Wvne Coyvn Ni Kvyeh (Luna de los primeros brotes 1996), donde propone una version personal de la historia colonial chilena; Luna de cenizas (2011), su testimonio sobre la dictadura chilena; y Pu coyvn apoy kvyeh mew (Brotes de luna llena 2012), una apuesta desde el viaje y el erotismo. La segunda parte se ocupa del analisis de estos ultimos temas en su obra. La tercera parte propone un dialogo acerca de la identidad, la diferencia cultural y el territorio, desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales y las discusiones propuestas desde la teoria social y el modo como aborda la naturaleza en su obra poetica. Este ensayo se inspiro en una entrevista con la autora, durante la primavera del 2012, en Temuko (Ngulumapu, Chile).
Obesity and anthropometry in spina bifida: What is the best measure.

Objective: Diagnosis of obesity using traditional body mass index (BMI) using length may not be a reliable indicator of body composition in spina bifida (SB). We examine traditional and surrogate measures of adiposity in adults with SB, correlated with activity, metabolic disease, attitudes towards exercise and quality of life.Design: Adult subjects with SB underwent obesity classification using BMI by length and arm span, abdominal girth and percent trunk fat (TF) on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Quality of life measures, activity level and metabolic laboratory values were also reviewed.Results: Among eighteen subjects (6 male, 12 female), median age was 26.5 (range 19–37) years, with level of lesion 16.7% ≤L2, 61.1% L3-4, and 22.2% ≥L5, respectively. Median weight was 71.8 (IQR 62.4, 85.8) kg, similar between sexes (P = 0.66). With median length of 152.0 (IQR 141.8, 163.3) cm, median conventional BMI was 29.4 m/kg2, with 7 (43.8%) subjects with BMI >30. Median BMI by arm span was 30.2 m/kg2, a...
Planetary wave variability of Sq currents

The E-region wind dynamo is a key linkage in atmosphere-ionosphere coupling, but relatively little is known about variability of the corresponding E-region currents in terms of connections with atmosphere dynamics. In this paper we analyze ground magnetic variations ΔB during 2009 at two mid-latitude stations to reveal planetary-wave (PW) periodicities near those of well-known atmospheric normal modes, i.e., 5, 10 and 16 days. In the neutral atmosphere these waves are westward-propagating with zonal wavenumber s = 1. The two stations are at the same magnetic latitude and are nearly conjugate in longitude, which leads to following new insights: First, the amplitude and phase variations between the two stations do not conform to simple westward-propagating waves with zonal wavenumber s = 1, implying that the underlying physics is more complex, in part due to modulation by the predominantly s= 1 longitude-dependent magnetic field. There is also compelling evidence that much ΔB variability near PW periods arises through the product of solar-controlled conductivity and PW-related electric field in the expression for electric current, mainly arising from solar radiation periodicities longer than the solar rotation period. For instance, interactions between solar periodicities in conductivity near 53d and 83d and PW periodicities in total electric field yield secondary peaks in the ΔB spectrum that contribute to its variability at periods less than 20d. In fact, most of the observed ΔB variability arises from these two latter sources, rather than directly from the original driving PW oscillations.
Oligomer Formation and Cross‐Seeding: The New Frontier

The accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain is a defining feature of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Though diseases vary in the composition of aggregated proteins (amyloid-β and tau are primarily implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein is the primary protein aggregate in Parkinson's disease, etc.), similarities in the formation of soluble intermediate aggregates, some of which go on to deposit in stable fibrillar structures, suggests that the protein sequence may be far less important than the aggregate conformation to toxicity and onset of disease. Growing evidence suggests that intermediate or independently formed oligomeric aggregates are more highly toxic than fibrils, and are more efficient seeds for the aggregation of endogenous protein. Furthermore, the overlap of different aggregated proteins in disease, as well as the ability of amyloid oligomers to cross-seed the aggregation of each other, suggests that synergistic interactions between varying aggregant proteins is a critical component in neurodegeneration. The progression of aggregates along defined pathways throughout the brain is crucial to the spread of disease and likely depends upon the transport of aggregates from affected to unaffected brain regions. Thus, the presence of oligomeric seeds that more efficiently seed the aggregation of homologous and diverse proteins may underlie neurodegeneration.
Retweeting in health promotion: Analysis of tweets about Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Abstract Recent years have seen an increase in the use of Twitter for health promotion, yet little research has been done to understand the factors that facilitate the sharing or retweeting of health messages. The goals of this study were twofold: (a) to identify the major themes contained in tweets about the campaign under investigation and (b) to understand the roles of retweeting in a health campaign as well as factors that contribute to the wide dissemination of campaign messages on Twitter. Tweets that included the campaign hashtag of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, #bcam, were collected using the firehose method (N = 1018). Findings revealed that many more tweets were posted about the promotional goals of fundraising or sales events than about the educational goals of teaching and raising awareness about breast cancer. Findings also showed that tweets with photos or images exhibited greater retweetability compared to those without them, whereas the inclusion of hyperlinks or videos did not affect retweetability. The results of the current study shed light on our understanding of the ways Twitter is used in health promotion and offer practical implications regarding strategic use of Twitter for health campaigns.
Plume-SPH 1.0: A three-dimensional, dusty-gas volcanic plume model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Abstract. Plume-SPH provides the first particle-based simulation of volcanic plumes. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has several advantages over currently used mesh-based methods in modeling of multiphase free boundary flows like volcanic plumes. This tool will provide more accurate eruption source terms to users of volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs), greatly improving volcanic ash forecasts. The accuracy of these terms is crucial for forecasts from VATDs, and the 3-D SPH model presented here will provide better numerical accuracy. As an initial effort to exploit the feasibility and advantages of SPH in volcanic plume modeling, we adopt a relatively simple physics model (3-D dusty-gas dynamic model assuming well-mixed eruption material, dynamic equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium between erupted material and air that entrained into the plume, and minimal effect of winds) targeted at capturing the salient features of a volcanic plume. The documented open-source code is easily obtained and extended to incorporate other models of physics of interest to the large community of researchers investigating multiphase free boundary flows of volcanic or other origins. The Plume-SPH code ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo. 572819 ) also incorporates several newly developed techniques in SPH needed to address numerical challenges in simulating multiphase compressible turbulent flow. The code should thus be also of general interest to the much larger community of researchers using and developing SPH-based tools. In particular, the SPH −e turbulence model is used to capture mixing at unresolved scales. Heat exchange due to turbulence is calculated by a Reynolds analogy, and a corrected SPH is used to handle tensile instability and deficiency of particle distribution near the boundaries. We also developed methodology to impose velocity inlet and pressure outlet boundary conditions, both of which are scarce in traditional implementations of SPH. The core solver of our model is parallelized with the message passing interface (MPI) obtaining good weak and strong scalability using novel techniques for data management using space-filling curves (SFCs), object creation time-based indexing and hash-table-based storage schemes. These techniques are of interest to researchers engaged in developing particles in cell-type methods. The code is first verified by 1-D shock tube tests, then by comparing velocity and concentration distribution along the central axis and on the transverse cross with experimental results of JPUE (jet or plume that is ejected from a nozzle into a uniform environment). Profiles of several integrated variables are compared with those calculated by existing 3-D plume models for an eruption with the same mass eruption rate (MER) estimated for the Mt. Pinatubo eruption of 15 June 1991. Our results are consistent with existing 3-D plume models. Analysis of the plume evolution process demonstrates that this model is able to reproduce the physics of plume development.
Quantification of mammalian tumor cell state plasticity with digital holographic cytometry

Individual cells within isogenic tumor populations can exhibit distinct cellular morphologies, behaviors, and molecular profiles. Cell state plasticity refers to the propensity of a cell to transition between these different morphologies and behaviors. Elevation of cell state plasticity is thought to contribute to critical stages in tumor evolution, including metastatic dissemination and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. However, methods for quantifying general plasticity in mammalian cells remain limited. Working with a HoloMonitor M4 digital holographic cytometry platform, we have established a machine learning-based pipeline for high accuracy and label-free classification of adherent cells. We use twenty-six morphological and optical density-derived features for label-free identification of cell state in heterogeneous cultures. The system is housed completely within a mammalian cell incubator, permitting the monitoring of changes in cell state over time. Here we present an application of our approach for studying cell state plasticity. Human melanoma cell lines of known metastatic potential were monitored in standard growth conditions. The rate of feature change was quantified for each individual cell in the populations. We observed that cells of higher metastatic potential exhibited more rapid fluctuation of cell state in homeostatic conditions. The approach we demonstrate will be advantageous for further investigations into the factors that influence cell state plasticity.
Insula-Retrosplenial Cortex Overconnectivity Increases Internalizing via Reduced Insight in Autism.

Abstract Background Internalizing symptoms like anxiety and depression are common and impairing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we test the hypothesis that aberrant functional connectivity among three brain networks (salience network [SN], default mode network [DMN], and frontoparietal network [FPN]) plays a role in the pathophysiology of internalizing in ASD. Methods We examined the association between resting-state functional connectivity and internalizing in 102 adolescents and young adults with ASD (n = 49) or typical development (n = 53). Seed-to-target functional connectivity was contrasted between adolescents and young adults with ASD and typically developing subjects using a recent parcellation of the human cerebral cortex, and connections that were aberrant in ASD were analyzed dimensionally as a function of parent-reported internalizing symptoms. Results Three connections demonstrated robust overconnectivity in ASD: 1) the anterior insula to the retrosplenial cortex (i.e., SN-DMN), 2) the anterior insula to the frontal pole (i.e., SN-FPN), and 3) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the retrosplenial cortex (i.e., FPN-DMN). These differences remained significant after controlling for age, and no age-related effects survived correction. The SN-DMN connection was associated with greater internalizing in ASD, mediated by a bigger difference between self- and parent-reported internalizing. Control analyses found that the other two connections were not associated with internalizing, and SN-DMN connectivity was not associated with a well-matched control measure (externalizing symptoms). Conclusions The present findings provide novel evidence for a specific link between SN-DMN overconnectivity and internalizing in ASD. Further, the mediation results suggest that intact anterior insula-retrosplenial connectivity may play a role in an individual’s generating insight into his or her own psychopathology.
Expression of the B splice variant of NBCe1 (SLC4A4) in the mouse kidney.

Sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters are critical for renal electrolyte transport. The electrogenic, sodium-coupled bicarbonate cotransporter, isoform 1 (NBCe1), encoded by the SLC4A4 geneencode...
Certain Retrogressive Policies of the Progressive Party

I do not wish to discuss these questions from a partisan point of view; for I am by no means opposed to all of them. But some study of the history of English legislation has made me appreciate not only the lack of novelty of these processes, but that there is a lesson to be drawn from the study of those early times, when in fact they were the usual method of making, of interpreting, and of executing, law. Our knowledge of these matters has come to us recently, mostly from the efforts of German scholars. We learn nothing from Blackstone; while even writers of the Bentham-Austin School wrote in more or less complete ignorance of the past history of Anglo-Saxon institutions, and with thought processes consciously or unconsciously based on the later Roman law. And so there is a school today, that would make the executive all powerful, not merely in the administration of government, but in declaring and executing the law; having as an object efficiency, not liberty, with institutions based on a benevolent State, not on a democratic people. Such schemes are ever attractive as a short cut to-results, particularly so in this country where the best meant efforts of a central government are sometimes controlled and dissipated by the local government of the States. This, however, is a larger question; I shall henceforth confine myself to the four or five precise reforms which have been recently recommended to us.
The Molecular Mechanisms for Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 Action in Cancer Metastasis

Recent advances in drug discoveries and understanding of epigenetic regulation of gene expression have brought histone deacetylases (HDACs) in spotlight. Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1), a gene shown to functionally suppress metastasis of breast cancer and melanoma, is a member of mSin3-HDAC complex. This chapter reviews the emerging understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BRMS1 action and possible players involved in it. New evidence of BRMS1-family of proteins and their possible role in histone code is discussed.
Government Responsibility for Constitutional Torts

This essay is about the language used to decide when governments should be held responsible for constitutional torts. Debate about what is required of government officials, and what is required of government itself, is scarcely new. What is new, at least to American jurisprudence, is litigation against government units (rather than government officials) for constitutional injuries.2 The extension of liability to institutional defendants introduces special problems for the language of responsibility. In a suit against an individual official it is easy to describe the wrong as the consequence of individual behavior that is inconsistent with community norms; the language of common-law tort, which refers explicitly to those norms, has seemed to provide a useful starting point for evaluating that behavior.3 When the defendant is an institution, the language of tort provides no such ground because tra-
Change Detection in Dynamic Political Networks: The Case of Sudan

Social Network Change Detection (SNCD) algorithm is applied to detect abrupt change in political networks of Sudan. In particular, SNCD compares the longitudinal normalized network-level measures against a predetermined threshold value. These measures are density, average closeness, and average betweenness over different time periods. Data extracted from Sudan Tribune in 2003–2008 is presented in a form of yearly two-mode networks of agents and organizations. The result shows that SNCD detects abrupt changes that correspond to actual historical events. In particular, the analysis shows that the foreign-brokered signings of multiple peace agreements served as a political solidification point for political actors of Sudan. This was a catalyst that caused three leaders to have emerged and lead the more compartmentalized yet faction-cohesive political networks of Sudan.
Influence of media on physiological arousal

The influence of gender, violent media exposure, sexual media exposure, and sexual attitudes on physiological response to media was examined. A total of 34 participants (16 male and 18 female) were included in the final sample. Participants completed a measure of violent and sexual media exposure and the Beliefs About Preventing AIDS (BAPA) measure. Participants were shown movie clips with varying subject matter while their physiological arousal (heart rate and skin conductance) was recorded. Gender, media exposure, and sexual attitudes were not significant predictors of physiological response to violent and sexual media. Males and females did not differ on any variable except sexual attitudes, with males having significantly more permissive sexual attitudes than females. Contrary to previous research, these results indicate that prior media exposure and sexual attitudes have no relationship to physiological response to media.
Remaining Debates on Osteoarthrosis Prevention

Osteoarthritis is a common and disabling condition associated with several important negative health outcomes. Whilst its importance in terms of disability, poor quality of life, and economic costs is consolidated, the knowledge regarding effective preventive strategies for this condition is still limited. In this chapter, we summarize the current evidence regarding the potential risk factors for osteoarthritis and the literature regarding the most common preventive interventions, such as losing weight, promoting physical exercise, and quitting smoking. Whilst we have a consolidated literature regarding the positive effect of these interventions in preventing other medical conditions typical of older persons, the effect of the strategies on osteoarthritis remains still unclear, suggesting that further literature is needed.
Mitigating Nonlinear Effect of Memristive Synaptic Device for Neuromorphic Computing

Memristors offer advantages as a hardware solution for neuromorphic computing, and however, their nonlinear device property makes the weight update inaccurately and reduces the recognition accuracy of a neural network. In this paper, a piecewise linear (PL) method is proposed to mitigate the nonlinear effect of memristors by calculating the weight update parameters along a piecewise line, which reduces the errors in the weight update process. It mitigates the nonlinearity impact without reading the precise conductance of the memristor in each updating step, thereby avoiding complex peripheral circuits. The effectiveness of the proposed PL method with 2-segment, 3-segment, and 4-segment models in two split selection strategies is investigated, and the impact of various variations is considered. The results show that under different nonlinearities, the PL method can increase the recognition accuracy of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwriting digits to 87.87%–95.05% compared with 10.77%–73.18% of the cases without the PL method.
Black Music and the Black University.

(1972). Black Music and the Black University. The Black Scholar: Vol. 3, Black Music, pp. 14-21.
Leveraging the Electronic Medical Record to Identify Predictors of Nonattendance to a Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program:

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify patient-specific factors, easily obtainable from the electronic medical record (EMR), that are associated with nonattendance to a group Diabetes Self...
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF METFORMIN FOR FRAILTY PREVENTION: STUDY DESIGN AND BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS

Inflammation and insulin resistance are major predictors of frailty. Here we describe the study design of an ongoing double-blind, randomized controlled trial of metformin for frailty prevention. Subjects are adults aged 65+ years with pre-diabetes assessed by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Those who are frail (Fried criteria) are excluded. Participants are randomized to metformin (maximum dose of 2,000 mg/day) vs. placebo and followed for 2 years. The primary outcome is frailty (category and score); secondary outcomes are physical performance and function (short physical performance battery, 6-minute walk, lower extremity strength), systemic and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation, muscle insulin signaling, insulin sensitivity (insulin clamp), glucose tolerance (OGTT), and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Safety assessments occur every 3 months; frailty, systemic inflammation, and OGTT are assessed at baseline and every 6 months, and insulin clamp with muscle biopsies are assessed at baseline and every 12 months. To date, 51 subjects have been randomized; 120 completers are planned. Mean age is 73.4 ±5.7 years, 43% are female, and 39% Hispanic. Mean BMI is 30.5 ±5.5 kg/m2, waist circumference is 105 ±13.1 cm, fasting glucose is 102.3 ±8.8 mg/dL, Hemoglobin A1c is 5.8 ±0.3, and glucose at 2 hours during OGTT is 168.5 ±20.4 mg/dL. Metformin is being examined in this study as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent frailty in older adults with pre-diabetes. Findings from this trial may have future implications for the screening and potential treatment of pre-diabetes in older patients with metformin for the prevention of frailty.
Public Access Television: An Institutional Analysis

In 1984, Congress codified public, educational, and governmental (PEG) access cable television. Perhaps the most daring of these three is public access television, which gives local residents skills, resources, and access to their local cable network. With the passage of two decades, and with hundreds of public access centers operating throughout the US, public access has experienced a process of institutionalization. In what follows, I offer an institutional critique of public access. I present and analyze six key institutions within public access that influence the behavior of individuals and that condition the possibilities for future innovation. I do so with the hope that it’s helpful in making improvements going forward, particularly as so many fundamental elements of our television world are changing.
The Archean atmosphere

The atmosphere of the Archean eon-one-third of Earth's history-is important for understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies combined with models constrain atmospheric composition. They imply surface O2 levels <10-6 times present, N2 levels that were similar to today or possibly a few times lower, and CO2 and CH4 levels ranging ~10 to 2500 and 102 to 104 times modern amounts, respectively. The greenhouse gas concentrations were sufficient to offset a fainter Sun. Climate moderation by the carbon cycle suggests average surface temperatures between 0° and 40°C, consistent with occasional glaciations. Isotopic mass fractionation of atmospheric xenon through the Archean until atmospheric oxygenation is best explained by drag of xenon ions by hydrogen escaping rapidly into space. These data imply that substantial loss of hydrogen oxidized the Earth. Despite these advances, detailed understanding of the coevolving solid Earth, biosphere, and atmosphere remains elusive, however.