cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-Hospital Patient Falls After Total Joint Arthroplasty: Incidence, Demographics, and Risk Factors in the United States

In-hospital falls (IFs) increase morbidity, cost, and may result in litigation. We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to quantify the incidence of IFs in patients who underwent hip and knee arthroplasty and to define trends, patient's demographics, risk factors, complications, and hospital cost. Patients operated on between 1998 and 2007 were identified and grouped depending on the presence of a diagnosis of IF. Of those, 0.85% had an IF, representing 2.1 falls per 1000 inpatient days. The incidence of IF increased from 0.4% to 1.3% during the study period. Independent risk factors included revision surgery, advanced age, male sex, minority race, and the presence of comorbidities. Patients having IF had a longer hospital stay and were less likely to be discharged to their primary residence. In-hospital mortality, complications, and cost were higher in patients sustaining IF. Given the associated morbidity, mortality, and increased cost, resources should be allocated to minimize the risk of IF in this population.
Life history and status of the shovelnose sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus

The shovelnose sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, is a freshwater sturgeon of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries. It is one of the smaller North American sturgeons, seldom weighing more than 2.5 kg over most of its range except in the upper Missouri River, where individuals of over 7 kg have been found. Spawning occurs in spring at temperatures between 17 and 21 °C over rock or gravel substrate down-stream from dams, near rock structures, or in tributaries. most males reach sexual maturity at 5 years, most females at 7 years. Adults do not spawn every year. Shovelnose sturgeon are found in large, turbid rivers and frequently concentrate in areas downstream from dams or at the mouths of tributaries. Population densities range up to 2500 fish per km. They are commonly found in areas of current over sandy bottoms or near rocky points or bars, where they feed primarily on aquatic invertebrates. The shovelnose sturgeon is classified as a sport species in 12 of 24 states where it occurs. Commercial harvest is allowed in seven states, where fresh shovelnose sturgeon sell for 55 to 88 cents per kg, smoked shovelnose for about $5.75 per kg, and roe from 33 to 110 dollars per kg. About 25 tons of shovelnose sturgeon are harvested commercially each year. Shovelnose sturgeon are considered extirpated in three states, fully protected in four states, and rare, threatened, or of special concern in eight states. Populations are considered stable throughout most of the upper Mississippi, lower Missouri, Red, and Atchafalaya rivers. Three states, Wyoming, West Virginia, and New Mexico, have developed plans to reintroduce the species into rivers where it has been extirpated.
Evidence for viral involvement in murine and human mammary adenocarcinoma.

Particles which have several biochemical and biophysical properties diagnostic of ribonucleic acid (RNA) tumor viruses of animals have been isolated from specimens of human milk. The human particles have a density of 1.16 to 1.19 Gm. per ml., a RNA-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase, and a 60–70S RNA. The quantity of particles in particular milk samples is determined by hybridization of the polyadenylic acid regions of their 60–70S RNA to radioactive polyribouridylic acid of known specific activity. A method involving molecular hybridization with radioactive DNA complementary to the RNA of the mouse mammary tumor virus was used to detect homologous RNA in both murine and human malignant breast tumors.
Membrane-Bound IL-22 after De Novo Production in Tuberculosis and Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Effector Function of IL-22+ CD4+ T Cells

The role of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells in intracellular pathogen infections is poorly characterized. IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells may express some effector molecules on the membrane, and therefore synergize or contribute to antimicrobial effector function. This hypothesis cannot be tested by conventional approaches manipulating a single IL-22 cytokine at genetic and protein levels, and IL-22(+) T cells cannot be purified for evaluation due to secretion nature of cytokines. In this study, we surprisingly found that upon activation, CD4(+) T cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques or humans could evolve into T effector cells bearing membrane-bound IL-22 after de novo IL-22 production. Membrane-bound IL-22(+) CD4(+) T effector cells appeared to mature in vivo and sustain membrane distribution in highly inflammatory environments during active M. tuberculosis infection. Near-field scanning optical microscopy/quantum dot-based nanoscale molecular imaging revealed that membrane-bound IL-22, like CD3, distributed in membrane and engaged as ∼100-200 nm nanoclusters or ∼300-600 nm nanodomains for potential interaction with IL-22R. Importantly, purified membrane-bound IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells inhibited intracellular M. tuberculosis replication in macrophages. Our findings suggest that IL-22-producing T cells can evolve to retain IL-22 on membrane for prolonged IL-22 t(1/2) and to exert efficient cell-cell interaction for anti-M. tuberculosis effector function.
Rise in inulin-sensitive b cells during ontogeny can be prematurely stimulated by thymus-dependent and thymus- -independent antigens.

We have shown that the delayed acquisition of competence in expression of an anti-inulin (IN) response by neonatal BALB/c mice is preceded by a natural increase in the frequency of IN-sensitive B cells between 3 to 5 weeks of life. Up until 3 weeks of age, BALB/c mice resemble adult germfree mice in their low frequency of IN-sensitive B cells (1 to 2/106 B cells). Thereafter, the population of IN-reactive B cells rises about 10-fold to the young adult level, without deliberate immunization. This naturally expanded population of IN-reactive cells has an isotype profile resembling populations arising after intentional priming with other antigens in that it contained a large proportion of cells which generated clones expressing immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A isotypes, often without detectable immunoglobulin M. The late rise in frequency of IN-sensitive precursors could be induced prematurely by deliberate priming at 3 days of age with either the thymus-dependent antigen IN-hemocyanin or the thymus-independent bacterial levan. However, no circulating anti-IN could be detected following this early administration of antigen. Thus, the delayed expression of anti-IN does not reflect an absence of B cells of the appropriate specificity which can be stimulated to divide by antigen but rather other events occurring subsequent to perinatal generation of antigen-sensitive cells. Our observations support a role for the β2 → 1 fructosyl group as an environmental determinant which selectively expands out preexisting antigen-sensitive B cells at 3 to 5 weeks of age and these include clonotypes which express the predominant anti-IN idiotypes.
Dehydration, hypernatremia, and hyponatremia

Disturbances of serum sodium are one of the most common findings in older persons. They are also a major cause of hospital admissions and delirium and are associated with frailty, falls, and hip fractures. Both hypernatremia and hyponatremia are potentially preventable. Treatment involves treating the underlying cause and restoring sodium and volume status to normal. The arginine vasopressin antagonists, vaptans, have increased the therapeutic armamentarium available to physicians.
Cloning, expression and characterization of a blood group B active recombinant α‐D‐galactosidase from soybean (Glycine max)

A cDNA encoding soybean alpha-D-galactosidase [E.C. 3.2.1.22] was obtained by screening a soybean library with Phaseolus alpha-D-galactosidase cDNA. The Glycine max alpha-D-galactosidase cDNA is 1.75 kb long and contains untranslated 5' and 3' sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence of the soybean gene has a high degree of homology with other eucaryotic alpha-D-galactosidases. Recombinant alpha-D-galactosidase (rGal) was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by affinity chromatography. Purified rGal was homogeneous as judged by SDS-PAGE analysis with the relative molecular mass under reducing conditions of 39.8, and under nonreducing conditions 38.0 kDa. The expressed protein contained the sequence NGLGHTPPMG at the N-terminus, corresponding to the deduced amino acid sequence of the soybean gene. The relative native molecular mass by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography was determined to be 33.1 kDa. The specific activity was 295.6 mumoles of PNP-alpha-D-galactopyranoside hydrolyzed per mg pure rGal per min. rGal was highly specific for alpha-D-galactosyl residues. No detectable hemagglutinin or protease activity was present in the preparations. Furthermore, rGal was active against the blood group B antigen in native human erythrocyte cell suspension assays. The only detectable erythrocyte phenotypic change was loss of the B and P1 epitopes. Consequently, recombinant Glycine max alpha-D-galactosidase may have useful biotechnical applications in the potential mass production of universally transfusable type O erythrocytes by enzymatic conversion.
Radiation-induced amorphization of rare-earth titanate pyrochlores

Single crystals of the entire series of ${A}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ $(A=\mathrm{Sm}$ to Lu, and Y) pyrochlore compounds were irradiated by 1-MeV ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{+}$ ions at temperatures from 293 to 1073 K, and the microstructure evolution, as a function of increasing radiation fluence, was characterized using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The critical amorphization temperature, ${T}_{c},$ generally increases from \ensuremath{\sim}480 to \ensuremath{\sim}1120 K with increasing A-site cation size (e.g., 0.977 \AA{} for ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{3+}$ to 1.079 \AA{} for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}).$ An abnormally high susceptibility to ion beam damage was found for ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ (with the highest ${T}_{c}$ of \ensuremath{\sim}1120 K). Factors influencing the response of titanate pyrochlores to ion irradiation-induced amorphization are discussed in terms of cation radius ratio, defect formation, and the tendency to undergo an order-disorder transition to the defect-fluorite structure. The resistance of the pyrochlore structure to ion beam-induced amorphization is not only affected by the relative sizes of the A- and B-site cations, but also the cation electronic configuration and the structural disorder. Pyrochlore compositions that have larger structural deviations from the ideal fluorite structure, as evidenced by the smaller $48f$ oxygen positional parameter, x, are more sensitive to ion beam-induced amorphization.
Ignition in Nonpremixed Counterflowing Hydrogen versus Heated Air: Computational Study with Skeletal and Reduced Chemistry

Abstract Nonpremixed ignition of counterflowing H 2 against hot air is studied numerically with emphasis on developing simplifying approximations to the conservation equations governing this system. We derive and examine a number of different “skeletal” and “reduced” chemical reaction mechanisms that are used to simplify the full kinetic mechanism consisting of 9 species and 19 bidirectional elementary reaction steps. It is found that the use of inherently homogeneous approximations such as the steady-state or partial equilibrium approximations in the derivation of reduced reaction mechanisms can lead to significant errors in this inhomogeneous system. We demonstrate that reaction step R11 (H + HO 2 → 2OH) plays a critical step in kinetically controlled H 2 –air ignition, and present a 6-step skeletal mechanism which represents the smallest set of elementary reactions that will provide proper turning point behavior in the first and second ignition limits. A new sensitivity analysis methodology is introduced that quantifies the sensitivity of the system response, particularly near the ignition turning point, to important parameters in the conservation equations. We also examine the so-called decoupled ignition environment approximation in which ignition takes place within a static ignition environment, consisting of the temperature and major species concentration profiles, that is decoupled from and can be solved independently of the minor species profiles.
The spiritual needs of pediatric patients and their families.

ABSTRACT Holistic perioperative nursing care of children and their families includes assessing their spiritual needs and identifying interventions that help them achieve spiritual comfort. This is achieved by therapeutic listening and by facilitating children's and family members' access to clergy members or their practice of religious rites and rituals. Perioperative nurses have a unique opportunity and responsibility to assess children's or family members' spiritual needs and to intervene on their behalf. This article describes the opportunities a surgical liaison nurse may have to intervene on the behalf of family members during children's perioperative experiences. AORN J 62 (Oct 1995) 556–564.
Effects of Whole Body Therapeutic Hypothermia on Gastrointestinal Morbidity and Feeding Tolerance in Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objective. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effects of whole body therapeutic hypothermia (WBTH) on gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity and feeding tolerance in infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Study Design. Infants ≥ 35 weeks gestational age and ≥1800 grams birth weight with moderate-to-severe HIE treated from 2000 to 2012 were compared. 68 patients had documented strictly defined criteria for WBTH: 32 historical control patients did not receive WBTH (non-WBTH) and 36 cohort patients received WBTH. Result. More of the non-WBTH group infants never initiated enteral feeds (28% versus 6%; ), never reached full enteral feeds (38% versus 6%, ), and never reached full oral feeds (56% versus 19%, ). Survival analyses demonstrated that the WBTH group reached full enteral feeds (median time: 11 versus 9 days; ) and full oral feeds (median time: 19 versus 10 days; ) sooner. The non-WBTH group had higher combined outcomes of death and gastric tube placement (47% versus 11%; ) and death and gavage feeds at discharge (44% versus 11%; ). Conclusion. WBTH may have beneficial effects on GI morbidity and feeding tolerance for infants with moderate-to-severe HIE.
Correlation of the cystoscopic appearance and functional integrity of the female urethral sphincteric mechanism.

Abstract Objectives Urologists in the past, and many today, rely on the cystoscopicappearance of the female urethra as a guide to its functional integrity. To assess the accuracy of this approach better, we compared the cystoscopic appearance of the bladder neck and proximal urethra to the functional integrity of this mechanism during videourodynamic studies. Methods One hundred consecutive videourodynamic studies were reviewed on female patients with more complex types of urinary incontinence. Reports of their cystoscopic examinations were reviewed and results compared. Results Significant dysfunction of the intrinsic mechanism was noted in 36% of the patients (26% moderate dysfunction and 10% severe dysfunction) on video studies. Cystoscopy underestimated these deficits 74% and 44% of the time, respectively, in the moderate and severe dysfunction groups. Conclusions We conclude that the cystoscopic appearance of the bladder neck and proximal urethra cannot predict the functional integrity of this mechanism.
FOLLOW-UP OF A BACTERIURIA SCREENING PROGRAM

During 1972-73, the KDI screened 35, 195 children (17,625 girls and 17,570 boys) for bacteriuria, defined as 3 consecutive + dipslide cultures or one + culture and + Griess nitrite test. 9,351 were preschool and 25,844 first grade children primarily. Each child's physician was requested to report results of office follow-up. Failure to file a report resulted in repeat referral to the physician. Follow-up was obtained in 90% of school children but was less efficient in preschool children. Prevalence rate for bacteriuria was 1.9% in girls, 0.4% in males. The relatively high rate in males reflects in part contamination in uncircumcised boys. Of 309 children seen in follow-up, urinary tract infection (UTI) was confirmed in 187 (60%). Failure to confirm UTI in 40% may reflect the inefficiency of current office diagnostic methods since diagnosis of UTI was missed in 18 girls with + Griess tests. Although UTI was confirmed by culture or urinalysis in 24 males, radiologic studies (RS) were done in only 4. Of 163 girls with confirmed UTI only 26 had RS; 8 (31%) were abnormal and 4 (16%) had ureteral reflux. As in prior reports, asymptomatic bacteriuria was associated with a high percentage of UT abnormalities when RS were done. Failure to confirm bacteriuria with urine cultures and to evaluate infected children radiologically indicate a need for basic physician education as a integral part of a screening program.
Cantilever Beam Metamaterial Structure With Periodic Piezoelectric Arrays With High-Order Resonant Circuit Shunts for Vibration Control

Metamaterial structures of beam or plate with periodic piezoelectric arrays have attracted more and more attention in recent years, which are conventionally designed for waveguide and/or wave propagation attenuation. The metamaterial structure with periodic piezoelectric shunts has also been explored for vibration control. R shunt and R-L shunt are traditionally adopted for the shunt circuit. An innovative type of high-order resonant circuit shunt is proposed and investigated for the periodic piezoelectric metamaterial in this paper. The introduction of an external inductor in the R-L shunt forms a resonance with the piezoelectric capacitance, which has the effect of reducing mechanical vibration at the resonant frequency of LC branch, with a certain bandwidth. The design of high-order resonant circuit shunt is introducing one more resonance around the resonant frequency, which is expected to broaden the bandwidth of the vibration attenuation. Finite element modeling of the metamaterial structure with periodic piezoelectric transducers is established. The method of obtaining the attenuation constant is also presented. Simulations have been conducted on comparing the vibration control performances among piezoelectric arrays with R shunt, R-L shunt, and the proposed high-order resonant circuit shunt. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed metamaterial structure with high-order resonant circuit shunts has broader vibration attenuation bandwidth. However, there is a tradeoff between the vibration attenuation amplitude and the vibration attenuation bandwidth, that is, although the high-order resonant circuit shunt has broader vibration reduction bandwidth, it cannot attenuate in larger amplitude.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Effective advertising on mobile phones: a literature review and presentation of results from 53 case studies

The attempts of using the wireless network as a new advertising media are rapidly increasing. This paper proposes a framework for understanding the characteristics of advertising through mobile phones. The paper discusses the traits of online advertisements and comparison to other advertising media. It also presents the overview of different conceptual models for advertising and suggests a conceptual model for mobile phone advertising. A review is presented on the factors affecting the effect of mobile advertising and three groups of factors are suggested; advertisement; audience; and environment. A total number of 53 case studies is collected and categorised based on product category, business object, target audience and advertisement type. Four observations are made from the case studies in the viewpoint of the three factor framework.
A molecular-orbital derived polarization potential for liquid water

A molecular-orbital derived polarization (MP) model is developed and shown to yield good thermodynamic and structural results for liquid water. In this method, each solvent molecule is treated quantum-mechanically by the semiempirical AM1 model, and the charge polarization of the molecule is determined by electronic structure calculations, making use of a hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) technique. The MP model is shown to be as successful as the best polarizable and nonpolarizable three-site potentials for water. In particular, the computed heat of vaporization and density for liquid water at 25 °C and 100 °C are within 1% of experimental data. In addition, the MP model gives good estimates for the radial distribution functions in comparison with neutron scattering results.
Heidegger's Early Freiburg Courses, 1915-1923

The Martin-Heidegger-Gesellschaft in Germany has announced that as of 1993 all but one (G62) of Heidegger's extant lecture courses from the early Freiburg period will have appeared in his Gesamtausgabe. And work is under way on reconstructing his lost lecture course « Einleitung in die Phanomenologie der Religion » from WS 1920-21, which will appear in a separate publication. These and other related texts document that Heidegger underwent a profound religious and philosophical Kehre from the Catholicism and the phenomenologized Neo-Scholasticism and Neo-Kantianism of his student years (1909-1915)
Attenuation by antioxidants of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibition by toxic concentrations of isoproterenol in cultured rat myocardial cells

We have reported previously that toxic concentrations of isoproterenol caused severe alterations in the structural integrity of the sarcolemma and mitochondria found in primary cultures of rat myocardial cells [8, 9]. Mitochondrial injury was observed 1.5 h after exposure to isoproterenol, whereas leakage of intracellular ions and enzymes was observed only after prolonged exposures (greater than 4 h). Ascorbic acid and sodium bisulfite prevented the cytotoxic effects of isoproterenol in our cell culture system. Takeo et al. [13] suggested that adrenochrome (an oxidative metabolite of epinephrine) specifically inhibits the activity of the sodium/potassium ATPase. Other investigators have shown that an indole metabolite of epinephrine inhibited actomyosin ATPase [1, 4]. These inhibitory actions may result from an interaction between the oxidative metabolites and sulfhydryl groups present in the enzyme [13]. Inhibition of the sodium/potassium ATPase is associated with an increase in the intracellular concentration of Na+ and Ca2+ and a decrease in intracellular K+. Changes in the intracellular concentration of these ions are commonly seen in heart cell damage and contractile failure [2]. The present study was designed to determine if isoproterenol, a synthetic catecholamine, inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase activity in a primary culture system of rat myocardial cells.
Lipases provide a new mechanistic model for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthases: characterization of the functional residues in Chromatium vinosum PHB synthase.

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthases catalyze the conversion of β-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A (HBCoA) to PHB. These enzymes require an active site cysteine nucleophile for covalent catalysis. A protein BLASTp search using the Class III Chromatium vinosum synthase sequence reveals high homology to prokaryotic lipases whose crystal structures are known. The homology is very convincing in the α-β-elbow (with the active site nucleophile)-α-β structure, residues 131−175 of the synthase. A conserved histidine of the Class III PHB synthases aligns with the active site histidine of the lipases using the ClustalW algorithm. This is intriguing as this histidine is approximately 200 amino acids removed in sequence space from the catalytic nucleophile. Different threading algorithms suggest that the Class III synthases belong to the α/β hydrolase superfamily which includes prokaryotic lipases. Mutagenesis studies were carried out on C. vinosum synthase C149, H331, H303, D302, and C130 residues. These studies reveal that...
Spatial correspondence of brain alpha activity component in fMRI and EEG

This paper presents a new approach to investigate the spatial correlation of brain alpha activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). To avoid potential problems of simultaneous fMRI and EEG acquisitions in imaging brain alpha activity, data from each modality were acquired separately under a “three conditions” setup where one of the conditions involved closing eyes and relaxing, thus making it conducive to generation of alpha activity. The other two conditions -- eyes open in a lighted room or engaged in a mental arithmetic task, were designed to attenuate alpha activity. Using the Mixture Density Independent Component Analysis (MD-ICA) that incorporates flexible non-linearity functions into the conventional ICA framework, we could identify the spatiotemporal components of fMRI activations and EEG activities associated with the alpha rhythm. The sources of the individual EEG alpha activity component were localized by a Maximum Entropy (ME) method that solves an inverse problem in the framework of a classical four-sphere head model. The resulting dipole sources of EEG alpha activity were spatially transformed to 3D MRIs of the subject and compared to fMRI ICA-determined alpha activity maps.
Phylogeny of immunity

Immunity in Evolution. By John J. Marchalonis. Pp.xx + 316. (Edward Arnold: London, 1977.) £10.
Electronic energy structure of amorphous silicon

By using the method of orthogonalized linear combinations of atomic orbitals (OLCAO), a first-principles calculation of the electronic energy of amorphous silicon has been performed. The lattice model used is Henderson's quasiperiodic continuous random tetrahedral network (CRTN) with 61 atoms per unit cell. The potential function is contructed from a superposition of the atomic potentials of Si at each site with a Slatertype exchange approximation. The basis functions consist of the $3s$- and $3p$-type Bloch sums for each atom in the unit cell orthogonalized to all the $1s$, $2s$, $2p$ Bloch sums so that the latter can be deleted from the basis set. All the multicenter integrals occurring in the Hamiltonian matrix elements are evaluated exactly by means of the Gaussian technique and the summation of the multicenter integrals over the lattice is carried to convergence. The calculated density of states (DOS) of the valence band is in good agreement with the experimental data. No intrinsic gap is found in this calculation but the DOS near the Fermi level is very small. Local maxima in the DOS are found to be present both above and below the Fermi level. As an alternative scheme, we have also performed OLCAO calculations based on configurational average of clusters generated from Henderson's CRTN instead of covering the entire quasicrystal as done by using Bloch-sum functions. The undesirable surface effect in cluster calculations is circumvented by taking the Hamiltonian as that of the infinite solid. The resulting DOS are compared with that obtained from the quasicrystal calculations in order to assess the accuracy of the cluster approach.
p̅ p Backward Elastic Scattering from 0.7 to 2.16 GeV/c

Elastic scattering of p on p has been studied for cosθc.m. between -0.88 and -1.0 and Plab(p ) between 0.70 and 2.16 GeV/c. The momentum dependence of the cross section shows a sharp dip at 0.9 GeV/c and a broad peaking around 1.4 GeV/c. The possibility of the peak resulting from direct formation of boson resonances has been studied. Alternatively, a diffraction model agrees qualitatively with our data and other elastic data at different angles.
Coh-Metrix: Capturing Linguistic Features of Cohesion

This study addresses the need in discourse psychology for computational techniques that analyze text on multiple levels of cohesion and text difficulty. Discourse psychologists often investigate phenomena related to discourse processing using lengthy texts containing multiple paragraphs, as opposed to single word and sentence stimuli. Characterizing such texts in terms of cohesion and coherence is challenging. Some computational tools are available, but they are either fragmented over different databases or they assess single, specific features of text. Coh-Metrix is a computational linguistic tool that measures text cohesion and text difficulty on a range of word, sentence, paragraph, and discourse dimensions. This study investigated the validity of Coh-Metrix as a measure of cohesion in text using stimuli from published discourse psychology studies as a benchmark. Results showed that Coh-Metrix indexes of cohesion (individually and combined) significantly distinguished the high- versus low-cohesion vers...
Characteristics of kinetically controlled Bridička currents observed with bovine serum albumin in ammonia and triethylamine buffers

Summary A mechanism is proposed for the interpretation of Brdicka currents observed with traces of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in ammoniacal buffers. Even very small concentrations of calcium or magnesium chloride greatly affect the pattern and magnitude of Brdicka currents. In buffer solutions 1 to 3×10 −7 M in BSA and 0.005 M in calcium, two well-defined Brdicka currents which are kinetically controlled are observed. In many ammoniacal buffers in the absence of calcium only one Brdicka wave is observed while a sharp peak is observed in 2.5×10 −7 M BSA, the current then decreasing to a sharp minimum. In buffers at least 0.05 M in ammonium chloride and at least 0.5 M in ammonia polarograms obtained in buffers with Co(NH 3 ) 6 3+ are very similar to those with Co(NH 3 ) 6 2+ , also at temperatures between 0 and 40°C; but at smaller concentrations of NH 4 + or NH 3 there are large differences because of the small stability of Co(NH 3 ) 6 2+ . The effects of pH, concentration of ammonia, ammonium chloride and of temperature have been studied at constant ionic strength. Alkali salts also affect pattern and magnitude of Brdicka currents. These currents are observed even at pH greater than 11.
Cytoplasmic immunofluorescence and light scatter analysis of lamina propria plasma cells by flow cytometry.

Abstract Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin of lamina propria plasma cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence on the flow cytometer. Lymphoid cells were made permeable to immunofluorescent reagents by treatment with Triton X-100. These cells were then reacted with FITC (green) anti-light chain and with phycoerythrin (red) anti-heavy chain antibodies. Flow cytometric analysis of these cells revealed that plasma cells expressing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light and heavy chains were specifically stained by the immunofluorescent reagents. These plasma cells were also shown to have membrane Ig as detected by cell surface immunofluorescence. Light scatter analysis indicated that these plasma cells could be distinguished from lymphocytes by 90° light scatter. These studies provide a method by which several parameters of gut plasma cells can be analyzed by flow cytometry.
Internal energy requirements for remote site fragmentation

Attempts to induce remote site fragmentation by using low-energy collisional activation with a neutral target gas or with a surface (surface-induced dissociation) are reported. These data, in conjunction with knowledge of the internal energy deposition associated with these activation methods, provide information on the amount of internal energy needed to promote remote site fragmentation in selected compounds. The internal energy required for remote site fragmentation of lithiated oleyl alcohol was recently estimated to be 1.3–1.9 eV. Our experiments suggest that internal energies much greater than 2 eV are required to produce detectable remote site fragmentation in several different ions, including lithiated oleyl alcohol, n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate anion, stearylsulfate anion, stearate anion and protonated octadecylamine. The results also suggest that the internal energy required to record spectra which show remote site fragmentation is compound-dependent, i.e. strongly dependent on the nature of the ionic group.
Combined Dislocation of the Trapezium and the Trapezoid: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

Dislocation of the either the trapezium or the trapezoid are both rare injuries, even among carpal dislocations. We report a case of combined volar trapezium dislocation and dorsal trapezoid dislocation with other concomitant injuries. A review of the literature regarding trapezium and trapezoid dislocations as well as the treatment of these injuries is presented.
Studies on the Spread of Excitation through the Ventricular Myocardium

The speed at which the excitatory process spreads through a certain segment of the myocardial syncytium depends upon the orientation of the fibers in that segment to each other and to the point of origin of excitation. Spread down a strip of fibers of which the long axis is parallel to the long axis of the strip is rapid as compared with spread down a strip in which the fibers run at a right angle to the long axis of the strip. Endocardial activation is rapid, not because of the presence of Purkinje fibers, but because the subendocardial bands of myocardium form a network through which excitation can move rapidly along the long axis of the fibers. Spread across the septum in bundle-branch block and across the free wall of the left ventricle in the normally activated heart is slow because excitation is moving through fibers the long axis of which is prependicular to the advancing wave of excitation.
O3-06-08: Pattern of amyloid plaque deposition with Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB) in mild cognitive impairment

quantified by distribution volume ratio (DVR). Results: Neocortical A deposition was present in 100% of AD subjects, 89% of DLB subjects, 43% of MCI subjects, 18% of elderly controls and no FTD subjects. PIB distribution was similar in AD and DLB, being greatest in medial frontal, precuneus, parietal and lateral temporal cortex, and caudate nuclei. Occipital, sensori-motor and mesial temporal cortex were less affected. Neocortical DVR measured 2.0 0.3 in AD, 1.6 0.3 in DLB, 1.5 0.4 in MCI, 1.2 0.2 in control and 1.1 0.1 in FTD subjects (p 0.01 for all differences). Five of the NC had cortical binding predominantly in frontal cortex with one progressing to MCI at 12-month follow-up. DVR correlated with MMSE and memory impairment across all subjects (r 0.7, p 0.0001) but not within groups (in AD group p 0.16), and with a shorter interval from onset of cognitive impairment to diagnosis in DLB (r 0.9, p 0.002). Conclusions: PIB PET will permit earlier diagnosis of AD and improve differential diagnosis of dementia. Longitudinal follow-up is required to determine the significance of the PIB binding in the normal elderly controls and MCI subjects. Our findings suggest that PIB PET will detect AD before demonstrable cognitive decline and therefore be a useful tool for early intervention trials.
Identifying the founding fathers of public accountancy: the formation of The Society of Accountants in Edinburgh

Despite histories of the early Scottish accountancy bodies (e.g., Brown, 1905; Stewart, 1977; Walker, 1988; Kedslie, 1990a, 1990b), there has been little research in depth to identify the small group of men who felt compelled to form the first professional organization in 1853 (The Society of Accountants in Edinburgh [SAE]). This paper describes the sequence of formation events and meetings in 1853 and 1854, and identifies those individuals most closely involved with the planning of the SAE. The main achievements of the study are to record the men and events of the SAE formation in a detail not previously attempted, and to demonstrate the elitist nature of the formation. The overall conclusion is that the emergence of the SAE in the mid-nineteenth century was as much the creation of a social elite as it was an economic monopoly.
Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey

The U.S. Geological Survey is converting its primary map production and revision operations to use digital photogrammetric techniques. The primary source of data for these operations is the digital orthophoto quadrangle derived from National Aerial Photography Program images. These digital orthophotos are used on workstations that permit comparison of existing vector and raster data with the orthophoto and interactive collection and revision of the vector data.
The guttman-harris uniqueness estimates

It is shown that, under very general conditions, uniqueness estimates proposed independently by Guttman [1957] and by Harris [1963] provide tighter upper bounds on the unknown uniqueness values of factor analysis than do existing estimates.
Quasimolecular Jahn-Teller resonance states in the bcc metallic hydrides of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum

The unusual properties of the group Vb bcc hydrides are shown to derive from a particular $d$-band quasimolecular resonance state localized near interstitial hydrogen. This state is schematically shown to be grounded in fundamentals. The point of departure is an Anderson-Newns approach to the problem of a single hydrogen atom in a transition metal, with the metal states in a mixed nearly-free-electron-tight-binding representation. Orthogonalization of pseudo-plane-wave states to the hydrogen $1s$ "core" state leads to a Hamiltonian with site-diagonal disorder (Anderson Hamiltonian) for the $d$ band. This gives the possibility of induced, localized $d$ states. Assuming that localized electron states derived from the $d$ band exist and are confined to the shell of metal atoms nearest the impurity, symmetrized linear combinations of atomic orbitals (-molecular orbitals) (LCAO-MO) are constructed for impurity polyhedra in the group Vb metals. The orientation of atomic $d$ orbitals used for this construction is that of the pure metal. One of the MO's so obtained is shown to be particularly well suited, in terms of availability and closeness to the Fermi level, for screening purposes. This state is degenerate and, by analogy with other well-known states (e.g., impurity-vacancy pairs in Si), should have a strong Jahn-Teller interaction. A particularly simple $〈111〉$ distortion proves to be key for understanding previously unexplained properties in the Vb metal-hydrogen systems, viz. cubic lattice distortion, hydrogen diffusion, and excess partial entropy. Following an argument that the Jahn-Teller distorted state should persist at higher concentrations because of its essentially molecular character, a blocking rule is formulated based on the assumed integrity of this state. The rule is shown to explain hydrogen partial entropy versus concentration, including a sharp decrease in entropy near [H]/[M]=1. It also predicts that hydrogen diffusion should become increasingly correlated at higher concentrations, agreeing with a recent experiment. Finally, exceptions to the blocking rule are discussed in terms of an additional Jahn-Teller state, and it is shown that observed superlattice structures can be understood in terms of one or the other of the two Jahn-Teller states.
INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS OF RABBITS : STUDIES OF A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE.

The soluble antigen of myxoma is a heat-labile protein which has an isoelectric point near pH 4.5 and is precipitated from half saturated solutions of ammonium sulfate. It can be partially purified by methods of differential precipitation based on variations in the pH and electrolyte concentration. Rabbits receiving the labile, soluble substance of myxoma develop homologous precipitins and their serum agglutinates elementary bodies of myxoma, provided the dermal pulp from which the bodies are obtained contains the soluble substance; neutralizing antibodies do not appear, however, and the animals are not resistant to infection with the virus of myxoma. Elementary bodies of myxoma appear to have a heat-stable agglutinogen that operates when brought in contact with serum from animals recovered from myxoma, but little, if at all, when in contact with anti-soluble substance serum.
Pushing the Envelope for Evolution and Social Change Critical Challenges for Teaching Inside-Out

The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Inside-Out) is a program that offers college courses taught in a blended classroom within correctional settings, resulting in multiple challenges for instruc...
Mathematical aspects of periodic catatonic schizophrenia

The mathematical study of periodic catatonic schizophrenia initiated by Danziger and Elmergreen is generalized by considering the class of differential equations that could be used to describe the periodic behavioral symptoms and periodic variation of biochemical levels in periodic catatonic schizophrenia. The existence of asymptotically stable periodic solutions is studied mathematically and the physical significance of such periodic solutions is discussed. The occurrence of relaxation oscillations is briefly considered.
NanoWalker: a fully autonomous highly integrated miniature robot for nanoscale measurements

The aim of this project is to develop the smallest and most sophisticated wireless fully autonomous instrumented robot capable of subatomic movements. The robot named 'NanoWalker' should bring a new paradigm in the way instruments are built while providing a sophisticated platform for a new range of applications. The project involves primarily the investigation of a new legged locomotion based on piezo-actuators with advanced micro-assembly techniques applied to complex embedded electronic systems; the development of new miniature instruments, micro-manipulators, integrated behavior for controlling, searching and scanning at the atomic scale; and the development of a subatomic navigation system. Besides all the new technologies and techniques that we intend to develop and which will be applicable to many areas and systems, the NanoWalker should provide a suitable yet more flexible and powerful platform compared to traditional macro-scaled instruments. It is anticipated that this new form of highly integrated autonomous microsystem will be used as the main building block for a new generation of measurement and inspection systems. In this paper, the main components of the NanoWalker are briefly described.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interleukin-2 induced mitogenesis of human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes: role of accessory cells.

We and others have shown that Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is mitogenic to a subset of unstimulated T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood (1–7). We extend our work here in showing that prolonged continuous exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to exogenous IL-2 throughout the 7–8 day culture is not necessary since mitogenesis occurs reproducibly after short term (2–3 hr) pulse exposure. The mitogenic effect of pulse exposure to IL-2 is not significantly reduced by inclusion of anti-Tac monoclonal antibody in the pulsing medium. However, anti-Tac monoclonal antibody markedly inhibits the response if present continuously throughout the 7 day culture.The mitogenic effect of IL-2 is dependent on the presence of accessory cells (monocytes) but the accessory cell requirement can be replaced by the phorbol ester TPA (10−8 to 10−11 M). Purified monocytes subjected to short term pulse exposure to IL-2 can cause proliferative response in unprimed autologous lymphocytes in cocultures. The mitogenic effect of IL-2...
Predictors of burnout among social workers in israel

Abstract This study examined the effects of personal characteristics and job-related variables predicting burnout among Israeli social workers. A national study of 400 social workers employed at Arab and Jewish human service departments received self-administered surveys. Of them, 218 completed the surveys. Significant findings revealed burnout differences based on gender and ethnicity. Males and Arabs reported higher burnout levels than female and Jewish social workers, respectively. Multiple regression analysis identified four predictors of burnout: Collegial relationships, quality of supervision, comfort, and education. These variables explained 45% of the burnout variance. Collegial relationships emerged as the most important factor, accounting for 36% of the variance. This suggests that the extent to which social workers share similar work attitudes, experience, knowledge, and values with their colleagues plays an important role in how they feel about their work.
Endorsers in Advertising: The Case of Negative Celebrity Information

The use of celebrity endorsers is a popular executional device, but it is not without risk. The authors report three studies examining how negative information about a celebrity can affect the brand the celebrity endorses. Using an associative network model of memory as a theoretical framework, they considered four moderating variables: the size of the association set for the brand, the size of the association set for the celebrity, the timing of the negative celebrity information, and the strength of the associative link between the brand and the celebrity. In the first two studies, they used a fictitious but realistic celebrity endorser and in the third they used an actual celebrity. Negative information about a celebrity resulted in a decline in attitude toward the endorsed brand only for the fictitious celebrity. That general relationship was moderated in varying degrees by association set size, timing of the negative information, and the strength of the link between brand and celebrity.
Multigrid treatment and robustness enhancement for factored sparse approximate inverse preconditioning

We investigate the use of sparse approximate inverse techniques (SAI) in a grid based multilevel ILU preconditioner (GILUM) to design a robust and parallelizable preconditioner for solving general sparse matrices. Taking the advantages of grid based multilevel methods, the resulting preconditioner outperforms sparse approximate inverse in robustness and efficiency. Conversely, taking the advantages of sparse approximate inverse, it affords an easy and convenient way to introduce parallelism within multilevel structure. Moreover, an independent set search strategy with automatic diagonal thresholding and a relative threshold dropping strategy are proposed to improve preconditioner performance. Numerical experiments are used to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed preconditioner, and to compare it with some single and multilevel preconditioners.
Analysis of the structure of lead borosilicate glasses using laser ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy

Abstract We report on high resolution laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (LITOF-MS) measurements of lead borosilicate and sodium-doped lead borosilicate glasses. This technique permits the observation of intermediate range mesounits, and provides new insights into the glass network structure. In lead borosilicates we observed strong mixing of borate and silicate groupings, a likely absence of diborate units, and the formation of boroxol rings with one lead cation (PbB3O6) at borate-rich compositions. The spectra also suggest the growth of a limited lead oxide subnetwork at high Pb contents. In the sodium-doped glasses we see a preference of the sodium for boron units, and the simultaneous appearance of sodium-containing silicate units between 10 and 24 mol% Na2O, though borate association remains predominant. The reedmergnerite unit (BSi4O10) is seen in very small amounts in both glass families.