cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating grid resources for use in undergraduate coursework

Rendered animations are a significant part of many student and research projects being done at Indiana University. Typically the rendering process is very computationally intensive, but it is allocated minimal computing resources. By creating a Condor pool out of all student computing labs we have created a large scale, homogeneous grid resource dedicated to the single purpose of rendering. By implementing a web portal based interface to submit and monitor rendering jobs the rendering system becomes independent of the end users architecture, OS, and even rendering package being used. This allows for a “learn once, run often” architecture despite the highly complex distributed computational backend. The web interface allows users to submit jobs with the needed parameters, monitor the progress of the job, and display finished frames of the animation. When the job finishes the render system notifies the user and will present a web based preview of the final movie, allowing the user to quickly assess the quality of the rendered results. The modular nature of the render system allows for easy upgrade and additions to the rendering packages offered. New rendering packages can typically be added within 24 hrs, without any changes to the user interface or workflow.
A kernel density based approach for large scale image retrieval

Local image features, such as SIFT descriptors, have been shown to be effective for content-based image retrieval (CBIR). In order to achieve efficient image retrieval using local features, most existing approaches represent an image by a bag-of-words model in which every local feature is quantized into a visual word. Given the bag-of-words representation for images, a text search engine is then used to efficiently find the matched images for a given query. The main drawback with these approaches is that the two key steps, i.e., key point quantization and image matching, are separated, leading to sub-optimal performance in image retrieval. In this work, we present a statistical framework for large-scale image retrieval that unifies key point quantization and image matching by introducing kernel density function. The key ideas of the proposed framework are (a) each image is represented by a kernel density function from which the observed key points are sampled, and (b) the similarity of a gallery image to a query image is estimated as the likelihood of generating the key points in the query image by the kernel density function of the gallery image. We present efficient algorithms for kernel density estimation as well as for effective image matching. Experiments with large-scale image retrieval confirm that the proposed method is not only more effective but also more efficient than the state-of-the-art approaches in identifying visually similar images for given queries from large image databases.
Civil protection orders and risk of subsequent police-reported violence.

ContextApproximately 1.5 million US women experience intimate partner violence annually. Approximately 20% of these women obtain civil protection orders, but the effectiveness of such orders in preventing future violence is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess associations between obtaining a protection order and risk of subsequent police-reported intimate partner violence.Design, Setting, and SubjectsRetrospective cohort study of 2691 adult female residents of Seattle, Wash, with an incident of male intimate partner violence reported to the Seattle Police Department between August 1, 1998, and December 31, 1999.Main Outcome MeasureRelative risk (RR) of police-reported physical and psychological abuse in the 12 months following the index incident according to protection order status (temporary protection order, usually in effect for 2 weeks; permanent protection order, usually in effect for 12 months; or no protection order).ResultsOverall rates of police-reported physical and psychological abuse in the 12 months of follow-up were 13.5 per 100 person-years and 12.3 per 100 person-years, respectively. After controlling for cohabitation at time of index incident and index incident offense type, women with temporary protection orders in effect were more likely than women without protection orders to be psychologically abused (RR in the first 6 months after the index incident, 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-7.2; RR in the entire 12 months after the index incident, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.8-8.6), while women with permanent protection orders in effect were less likely than those without orders to be physically abused (RR in the first 6 months, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-1.1; RR in the entire 12 months, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8).ConclusionsPermanent, but not temporary, protection orders are associated with a significant decrease in risk of police-reported violence against women by their male intimate partners.
The human hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha gene: HIF1A structure and evolutionary conservation.

Abstract TheHIF1Agene encodes the HIF-1α subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, a transcription factor that is essential for cardiovascular development and systemic O2homeostasis.HIF1Aconsists of 15 exons that are interrupted by introns at the same locations as in the mouseHif1agene, although sequences mediating alternative splicing and alternative translation initiation events in the mouse are not present in the human gene. Placement of introns differs betweenHIF1AandEPAS1,which encodes the human HIF-2α protein. Transcription of theHIF1Agene was initiated over a 15-nt region downstream of two SP1 sites. A 0.7-kb region of 5′ flanking sequences functioned as a strong promoter in transient expression assays. Comparison of 0.8 kb of 5′ flanking and 5′ untranslated sequences from theHIF1AandHif1agenes revealed 70% identity. The proximal 300 bp of 5′ flanking sequences was 83% identical, including the SP1 sites and transcription initiation sites. These results suggest evolutionary selection for maintenance ofHIF1Astructure, function, and regulation.
Radiation-induced gene signature predicts pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

The identification of biomarkers predictive of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer patients would be an important advancement in personalized cancer therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that due to similarities between radiation- and chemotherapy-induced cellular response mechanisms, radiation-responsive genes may be useful in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Murine p53 null breast cancer cell lines representative of the luminal, basal-like and claudin-low human breast cancer subtypes were irradiated to identify radiation-responsive genes across subtypes. These murine tumor radiation-induced genes were then converted to their human orthologs, and subsequently tested as a predictor of pathologic complete response (pCR), which was validated on two independent published neoadjuvant chemotherapy datasets of genomic data with chemotherapy response. A radiation-induced gene signature consisting of 30 genes was identified on a training set of 337 human primary breast cancer tumo...
Numerical approximation of two-dimensional convection-diffusion equations with boundary layers

Our aim in this article is to show how one can improve the numerical solution of singularity perturbed problems involving boundary layers. Incorporating the structures of boundary layers into finite element spaces can improve the accuracy of approximate solutions and result in significant simplifications. In this article we discuss convection-diffusion equations in the two-dimensional space with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition and a mixed boundary condition. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Double‐shift schooling: design and operation for cost‐effectiveness

3rd ed., by Mark Bray, London, Commonwealth Secretariat, 2008, 95 pp., US$29 (paperback), ISBN 798‐0‐85092‐854‐9 The book presents the topic of school shifts from almost all its possible aspects. T...
Experimental Platform for the Study of Region Specific Excitation and Inhibition in Neural Tissue

Willfully controlling the focus of an extracellular stimulus remains a significant challenge in the development of neural prosthetics and therapeutic devices. In part, this is due to the fact that experimental validation of the evoked response to stimuli is an arduous and time-consuming task. The development of a high-throughput data acquisition and analysis tool would greatly facilitate the design of spatially selective stimulation protocols. We present an automated imaging system that can optically track and identify the action potentials of individual neurons evoked by coordinated stimulus waveforms applied at multiple electrodes. This system can simultaneously provide arbitrary current waveforms to four electrodes, and it is capable of automatically monitoring the cellular responses of every neuron in a cultured network within a 1.6 x 1.6 mm area. The purpose of this platform is to develop stimulus protocols that exploit the benefits of multi-polar field shaping and temporal ion-channel manipulation to localize cellular excitation beyond the vicinity of the electrode. Preliminary single electrode experiments demonstrate that spatially selective stimulus suppression may be achieved with cathodic, depolarizing pre-pulses that induce a sub-threshold refractory state in neighboring neurons. Coordinated, multi-site stimuli could potentially take advantage of this refractory state to direct the stimulus focus away from the surrounding area of the electrode and into the inter-electrode spaces.
Impact of Biodiesel Emission Products from a Multi-Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine on Particulate Filter Performance

As diesel emission regulations continue to increase, the use of exhaust aftertreatment systems containing, for example the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) will become necessary in order to meet these stringent emission requirements. The addition of a DOC and DPF in conjunction with utilizing biodiesel fuels requires extensive research to study the implications that biodiesel blends have on emissions as well as to examine the effect on aftertreatment devices. The proceeding work discusses results from a 2006 VM Motori four-cylinder 2.8L direct injection diesel engine coupled with a diesel oxidation catalyst and catalyzed diesel particulate filter. Tests were done using ultra low sulfur diesel fuel blended with 20% choice white grease biodiesel fuel to evaluate the effects of biodiesel emission products on the performance and effectiveness of the aftertreatment devices and the effect of low temperature combustion modes.
Origins of the Protection of Literary Authorship in Ancient Rome

The Rome of classical antiquity had no copyright law to protect literary works. This study shows that literary works were not for as much unprotected. This protection came, however, in another form than the strictly legal. It was effected through a system of social conventions and codes that served to protect the literary work. So effectively, in fact, that no law needed supplement them. Plagiarized, corrupt, or unauthorized publications of literary works called forth immediate and lively opposition. The ancient Romans saw the author as having received inspiration for his or her work from the gods. It was this higher authority which determined the right to decide upon the conditions of the presentation of this work to the public. To violate this right was tantamount to violating the will of the inspiring gods. To do so might bring shame and even retribution with it. Once the author had given form to his or her inspiration and made his or her work public, the work was given over to the public domain. From this point onwards, independent reproductions of texts, as long as they were faithful ones, met with no opposition, or even resentment from the readers and writers of the day. As the author's goal was never the making of money - considered an unworthy aim for a writer - such reproductions served the true aim of the writer - achieving immortality in the memory of his generation, and of future ones.
MEMS based nanomechanical testing method with independent electronic sensing of stress and strain

Abstract We report significant improvements in the sensing scheme of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based nanomechanical tensile testing technique that has been previously demonstrated to allow direct microstructural observations inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at high magnifications while simultaneously measuring the stress and strain in the sample electronically. The particularity of the MEMS device is the presence of two capacitive sensors on either side of a specimen gap (across which nanostructures like nanowires and thin films can be manipulated and clamped), allowing independent measurement of applied load (stress) and crosshead displacement (strain). The improvement in the sensing technique lies in the independent, separate measurements of the signals from the two capacitive sensors (as opposed to the previous technique based on the differential measurement between the two sensors). The new technique (called technique 2 in this paper) provides independent electronic sensing of stress and strain without making any assumption about the material behavior and opens up the possibility of doing force controlled tests. The new sensing technique is demonstrated and compared to the previous one (called technique 1 in this paper) by performing ex-situ monotonic and stress relaxation tests on freestanding 100-nm-thick Au films. Important practical matters such as specimen clamping and signal drift are also discussed.
CRT-200.79 Clinical-Weighted Risk Scores Remain Invaluable Predictors of Outcomes in Surgically Rejected Patients Undergoing Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

In patients evaluated for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), established risk scores are used to stratify patients and determine surgical candidacy. Evidence demonstrates that comorbidities also influence outcomes in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HRPCI) and
II-VI / III-V Heterostructures

The integration of several optoelectronic device functions onto a common substrate material is an area which is currently being actively pursued. In an effort to achieve this objective, experiments are under way to examine the epitaxial growth and material properties of a variety of both II–VI and III–V compounds grown on a substrate where the II–VI/III–V heterostructure can be utilized. This paper describes some recent developments involving the molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth and characterization of two important ll-VI/lll-V heterostructures: ZnSe/GaAs and InSb/CdTe;. a comparison is made between epitaxial layer/substrate interfaces and epilayer/epilayer interfaces for both heterostructures. The ZnSe/GaAs heterointerface, having a 0.25% lattice constant mismatch, has potential for use in passivation of GaAs devices. The InSb/CdTe heterointerface possesses an even closer lattice match, ~0.05% (comparable to the (AI,Ga)As/GaAs material system), and is motivated by possible device applications provided by InSb/CdTe quantum wells.
Exploring the Use of Query Auto Completion: Search Behavior and Query Entry Profiles

Query auto completion (QAC) is nearly ubiquitous in modern search systems, however, there are few published studies on how searchers use QAC query suggestions. This study describes the use of QAC by 29 searchers working on eight assigned search topics in a lab setting. We found that our subjects had differing propensities to use QAC, with some searchers rarely using it, while others used QACs for about half their queries. This study extends prior work by examining the use of QAC in the context of whole search sessions across multiple topics, and by comparing search behavior and visual attention for queries that used QAC and those that did not. The study concludes with an exploration of differences in QAC usage and query behavior among searchers, which reveals six possible query entry profiles.
Longleaf Pine Inner Bark and Outer Bark Thicknesses: Measurement and Relevance

Measurements of bark thickness generally ignore the fact that bark is comprised of both living inner bark (phloem) and essentially dead outer bark (rhytidome). Discerning between them has ramifications for the utility of bark as a byproduct of timber harvesting and its functionality on a living tree. Inner bark and outer bark thicknesses for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) were investigated using disks collected from trees harvested on a 70-year-old plantation. Inner bark thickness was relatively constant up the bole of each tree whereas outer bark thickness rapidly declined from its thickest point at stump height; at relative heights above 20%, the decrease in outer bark thickness was more gradual. The proportion of inner bark, therefore, increased up the bole, from an average of 15% at stump height to above 40% toward the top of the tree. Since inner bark is a richer source of extractives than old outer bark, tree tops may be preferable in terms of bark abundance and quality as feedstock for extractive-based products. Reductions in the inner and outer bark thicknesses on disk drying, with averages of roughly 20 and 10%, respectively, differed when the data were pooled by cardinal direction. Thus, variability in bark thickness around the circumference of a standing tree may actually be a manifestation of differences in bark moisture content.
Medical School Experiences Shape Women Students' Interest in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery now has the lowest percentage of women in residency programs of any surgical specialty. Understanding factors, particularly those related to the medical school experience, that contribute to the specialty’s inability to draw from the best women students is crucial to improving diversity in the profession. (1) Does required medical school exposure to orthopaedic surgery increase the proportion of women choosing the specialty? (2) Do negative perceptions deter women from choosing orthopaedic surgery? (3) What proportion of orthopaedic faculty members are women, and what proportion of residents are women? (4) To what degree has gender bias been identified in the application/interview process? Two PubMed searches of articles between 2005 and 2015 were performed using a combination of medical subject headings. The first search combined “Orthopaedics” with “Physicians, women” and phrases “women surgeons” or “female surgeons” and the second combined “Orthopedics” with “Internship & Residency” or “exp Education, Medical” and “Sex Ratio” or “Sex Factors”, resulting in 46 publications of which all abstracts were reviewed resulting in 11 manuscripts that were related to the research questions. The Google Scholar search of “women in orthopaedic surgery” identified one additional publication. These 12 manuscripts were read and bibliographies of each reviewed with two additional publications identified and included. Required exposure to orthopaedics was found to be positively associated with the number of women applicants to the field, whereas negative perceptions have been reported to deter women from choosing orthopaedic surgery. Orthopaedics has the lowest percentage of women faculty and women residents (14%) compared with other specialties; this suggests that same gender mentorship opportunities are limited. For women applying to orthopaedics, gender bias is most evident through illegal interview questions, in which women are asked such questions more often than men (such as family planning questions, asked to 61% of women versus 8% of men). Successful recruitment of women to orthopaedic surgery may be improved by early exposure and access to role models, both of which will help women students’ perceptions of their role in field of orthopaedic surgery.
Analysis of Emergency Trip System Operation and Maintenance for Steam Turbine in Thermal Power Plants in Zhejiang Province

Through the summary and analysis of the operation condition,hardware configuration and regular tests of Emergency Trip System(ETS) for steam turbine of the main thermal units in Zhejiang province according to the field examination,papers points out the existing faults and hidden trouble and puts forward the improvement measures.It concludes the current ETS is still to be improved in respect of system power supply,controller communication,system configuration and test mode.
Sepsis: pathophysiology and clinical management

Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock represent increasingly severe systemic inflammatory responses to infection. Sepsis is common in the aging population, and it disproportionately affects patients with cancer and underlying immunosuppression. In its most severe form, sepsis causes multiple organ dysfunction that can produce a state of chronic critical illness characterized by severe immune dysfunction and catabolism. Much has been learnt about the pathogenesis of sepsis at the molecular, cell, and intact organ level. Despite uncertainties in hemodynamic management and several treatments that have failed in clinical trials, investigational therapies increasingly target sepsis induced organ and immune dysfunction. Outcomes in sepsis have greatly improved overall, probably because of an enhanced focus on early diagnosis and fluid resuscitation, the rapid delivery of effective antibiotics, and other improvements in supportive care for critically ill patients. These improvements include lung protective ventilation, more judicious use of blood products, and strategies to reduce nosocomial infections.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion and its mitigation: (A review)

The microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the most common forms of corrosion that results from the presence and activity of microorganisms. The presence of microorganism aids in the formation of a biofilm and constitutes various bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substrates (EPS) and corrosion products. In this paper, a review on the importance of MIC and various ways to mitigate has been introduced; a brief description of the physical, chemical, electrochemical and biological mitigation methods for MIC has been included and EPS formation mechanism, chemical composition, properties and its influence on corrosion has been discussed.
Influences of Physical Education Activities on Motor Ability and Physical Fitness of Male Freshmen

Abstract This article presents an analysis of the effect of eight physical education activities on physical fitness and motor ability scores of male college Freshmen. The mean gain was computed for each group on both tests and individual test items. The mean gain of each group was compared with each of the other groups and significance of differences determined. The results seemed to indicate that of the activities studied tumbling-gymnastics and conditioning best developed those abilities measured by the physical fitness test; while tumbling-gymnastics and wrestling best seemed to develop those abilities measured by the motor ability test.
Reliability-performance trade-off for work-function optimization in advanced node replacement metal gate technology

In this work, we explore the complex interaction of the gate stack process and time-dependent-dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in high-K (HK) replacement metal gate (RMG) n-metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (nMOSFETs). TDDB is a key reliability metric governing the product lifetimes under long-term operation. Based on this study, it is observed that TDDB is greatly modulated by the proximity of Al to the MG/HK interface. The key parameter modulated by gate stack optimization is voltage acceleration exponent (VAE) for TDDB. All observations indicate higher VAEs can be achieved by keeping the Al away from the MG/HK interface.
Identi-wheez — A device for in-home diagnosis of asthma

Asthma is the most common chronic illness among children. The skills required to diagnose it make it an even greater concern. In this work, we present a child-friendly wearable device, which allows in-home diagnosis of asthma. The device acquires simultaneous measurements from multiple stethoscopes. The recordings are then sent to a specialist who uses assistive diagnosis algorithms that enable auscultation (listening to lung sounds with a stethoscope) at any location in the lungs volume by sound refocusing. The specialist is also presented with a sound “heat map” which shows the location of sound sources in the lungs. We present design considerations of our device, as well as the algorithms for assistive diagnosis and their analysis which demonstrate reduction of ambient and measurement noise by over 10dB.
Observation of the influence of the gain on parity-time-symmetric properties of photonic molecules with coupled whispering gallery modes

Parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking in coupled whispering gallery mode type resonators is studied by finite-difference time-domain modeling. Normal mode splitting is studied as a function of the coupling strength. It is demonstrated that in bi-atomic molecules with distributed gain and loss, reduction of the coupling beyond a certain value leads to PT symmetry breaking.
Cross-Cultural Understanding Through Youth Sports: Bridging the Tolerance Gap Through Youth Development

The USPORT-Kyrgyzstan project was an ambitious initiative of public diplomacy, sports diplomacy, cross-cultural exchange, in-country grassroots projects, and international cooperation. The project consisted of three phrases which included youth recreational sport programming, youth leadership and development training, and youth tolerance training. Overall, it proved to be an extremely effective form of intervention that provided youth in this region of the Middle East with many positive and constructive youth sports and leadership development opportunities.
Myeloid cytokines distinctly and reversibly control LAIR-1 (CD305) expression on monocytes-mΦs/monocyte-DCs.

Cross-linking of the inhibitory immunoreceptor LAIR-1 (CD305) on the cell surface phosphorylates LAIR-1 inhibitory motifs (ITIM) and restricts the growth of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mono-DCs). Despite the suggestion that LAIR-1’s ability to prevent unwarranted immunity is compromised in autoimmunity, much remains to be learned about the control of LAIR-1 expression. Here, we compared the ability of various myeloid cytokines to control LAIR-1 expression on the surface of monocytes/macrophages (mϕs) and mono-DCs. Treatment of freshly isolated blood monocytes from healthy donors with mono-DC growth factors (GM-CSF+IL-4/GM-CSF+IL-13) led to reduced levels of LAIR-1 at the critical monocyte-to-mono-DC juncture. In contrast, M-CSF (a steady state/M2 cytokine) sustained LAIR-1+CD14+CD33m/M+CD16+ mono-mϕs. M-CSF effects on LAIR-1 occurred under serum-supplemented and serum-free conditions. Addition of M-CSF to mono-DCs previously cultured in GM-CSF+IL-4 promptly reversed the down-regulatory effects of GM-CSF+IL-4 producing increases in LAIR-1+CD14+ cells. Conversely, addition of GM-CSF+IL-4 to M-CSF exposed cultures lowered levels of LAIR-1 and CD14. M-CSF treatment of SLE blood myeloid cells (featuring activated monocytes/mono-DCs lacking LAIR-1, CD14) produced high levels of LAIR-1 and CD14 vs GM-CSF/IL-4. Thus: 1. The expression of LAIR-1 on monocytes/mϕs and mono-DCs is distinctly and reversibly controlled by myeloid cytokines. 2. LAIR-1 expression on circulating myeloid cells in SLE may be regulated by M-CSF.
Pregnancy screening prior to chemotherapy initiation: A retrospective review.

165Background: ASCO’s Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) sets site standards to promote excellence in oncology care. One standard is screening appropriate female patients for pregnancy prior to chemotherapy. However, no formal guidelines exist regarding pregnancy screening protocols or timing of screening. We believe that women are inconsistently being screened for pregnancy prior to chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using the UF Health (UFH) tumor registry and electronic health record (Epic) to identify women ages 18-55 who received chemotherapy or endocrine therapy by a medical oncologist between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Exclusions were prior hysterectomy or tubal ligation, known pregnancy, or treatment outside of UFH. The following data was collected: age, race, diagnosis date, cancer type, pregnancy screening test (urine or blood β-HCG) and date, specialty of ordering provider, name of chemotherapy or endocrine agent, and participation in interven...
Toward a "Corridista" Consciousness: Learning from One Transnational Youth's Critical Reading, Writing, and Performance of Mexican Corridos.

Author(s): de los Rios, CV | Abstract: This article examines instances of a U.S.–Mexican transnational youth honing his critical translingual literacy skills through his engagement with corridos, Mexican balladry in Spanish that often emphasizes injustice and border strife. The author relies on ethnographic classroom observations, the student's journals, and semistructured interviews to provide a glimpse into the complexities and sophistication of the bilingual youth's everyday language and literacy practices in an era of vehement anti-immigrant rhetoric. This inquiry asks, (a) What do literacy practices deeply rooted in corridos look like? (b) How does one youth read and engage with the Mexican musical genre of corridos to make sense of his social and political world? and (c) What are the environments and educational settings that supported this literacy development? Findings detail a transnational youth's corridista (balladeer) consciousness and its concomitant language and literacy practices that shape and are shaped by his participation in both his Tijuana communities of origin and his Los Angeles communities. Specifically, this study showcases a student's uses of literary devices, including allegory, to describe myriad forms of oppression and resistance found in corrido lyrics and throughout the lives of U.S.–Mexican transnational youths. Attention to literary genres that are often unsanctioned in traditional English-medium classrooms and recognizing the complex cognitive abilities of bilinguals can harvest critical insight about literacy education in and out of school. Implications from this study highlight meaningful learning contexts for transnational adolescents’ literacies and how engagement of these literacies might be (re)conceptualized through an ethnic studies and Chicanx/Latinx Studies lens.
Etiology and Impact of Coinfections in Children Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Background Recognition that coinfections are common in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is increasing, but gaps remain in our understanding of their frequency and importance. Methods We analyzed data from 2219 children hospitalized with CAP and compared demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes between groups with viruses alone, bacteria alone, or coinfections. We also assessed the frequency of selected pairings of codetected pathogens and their clinical characteristics. Results A total of 576 children (26%) had a coinfection. Children with only virus detected were younger, more likely to be black, and more likely to have comorbidities such as asthma, compared with children infected with typical bacteria alone. Children with virus-bacterium coinfections had a higher frequency of leukocytosis, consolidation on chest radiography, parapneumonic effusions, intensive care unit admission, and need for mechanical ventilation and an increased length of stay, compared with children infected with viruses alone. Virus-virus coinfections were generally comparable to single-virus infections, with the exception of the need for oxygen supplementation, which was higher during the first 24 hours of hospitalization in some virus-virus pairings. Conclusions Coinfections occurred in 26% of children hospitalized for CAP. Children with typical bacterial infections, alone or complicated by a viral infection, have worse outcomes than children infected with a virus alone.
Difluprednate for the Treatment of Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema

Abstract Purpose To describe clinical outcomes associated with the use of topical difluprednate in treating uveitic cystoid macular edema. Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Setting: Medical record review in a tertiary care uveitis center. Patient Population 58 patients (72 eyes) with uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME) treated with difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic solution between June 2012 and May 2016. Main Outcome Measures Macular central subfield thickness (CST) determined by optical coherence tomography, improvement of CME (≥20% reduction in CST or resolution), and resolution of CME (CST ≤ 320 μm with no cysts) at 30 days after starting treatment. Outcomes were assessed up to 90 days. Results CST on average decreased by 17% (95% CI: -33%, -7%) for eyes using only difluprednate (n=43) and by 6% (95% CI: -17%, -2%) for eyes in patients using concomitant systemic immunosuppressive therapy (n=29) at 30 days, a 12% difference between groups (95%CI: 2%, 21%, P =0.02). Of eyes on difluprednate alone, 76% had improvement and 48% had resolution of CME. In patients using systemic therapy, 37% of eyes had improvement and 17% had resolution. Eight eyes (11%) had an IOP >24mmHg within the first 30 days. By 90 days, CME had improved in 69% of all eyes and resolved in 43% of eyes, with only 9 patients starting or increasing systemic immunosuppressive medications and 2 patients receiving periocular corticosteroid injections. Conclusions Difluprednate was associated with an improvement in uveitic CME and could be a reasonable first-line therapy. IOP should be closely monitored.
Characteristics of inflammatory eye disease associated with hidradenitis suppurativa.

Objective Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition that can cause profound morbidity. Patients can present with recurrent nodules, sinus tract formation, abscesses, and/or scarring, mainly affecting the intertriginous areas. Case reports have documented the coexistence of HS and inflammatory eye disease (IED). Herein, we aimed to assess the types of IED associated with HS and the outcomes of IED treatment in patients with HS. Methods All the cases with a diagnosis of HS and any IED were identified. Patients with episcleritis and sicca were excluded, and only those with chronic IED were included. An independent ophthalmologist reviewed notes to ensure accuracy of IED diagnosis. Demographics, IED patterns, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes were retrieved from patient charts. Results Twenty patients [16 females (80%); 12 African Americans (60%)] were included in this study after the exclusion of 436 cases due to lack of data. The mean age at the diagnosis of HS and IED was 42.1 and 43.6 years, respectively. Thirteen patients had uveitis (65%), six had scleritis (30%), and one had peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Thirteen out of 20 patients (65%) had multiple autoimmune and/or inflammatory comorbidities, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus. Seven patients (35%) did not have any comorbid inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Conclusion One-third of the patients with HS and IED did not have any autoimmune or inflammatory comorbidity that could explain the eye involvement. The potential association between HS and IED might be a manifestation of a common immune dysregulation phenomenon. Furthermore, the management of IED required an escalation of therapy to systemic immunosuppressive agents in 70% of patients with HS.
Coupled Systems of Reaction Diffusion Equations

The discussions in the previous chapters are concerned with scalar boundary-value problems where only one unknown function is involved in the equation. In this chapter the method of upper and lower solutions is extended to coupled systems of parabolic and elliptic equations. Special attention is given to coupled systems of two equations where the reaction function is quasimonotone. Three basic types of quasimonotone functions are treated, and two monotone sequences for each type are constructed. These monotone sequences lead to some existence-comparison theorems for both parabolic and elliptic boundary-value problems. These theorems are used to obtain invariant regions for time-dependent systems through suitable construction of upper and lower solutions. Using the same idea as for mixed quasimonotone functions the monotone method is extended to coupled systems of arbitrary finite numbers of parabolic equations, elliptic equations, parabolic-ordinary equations, and systems with nonlocal reaction functions. Existence-comparison results are also given for finite coupled systems of parabolic and elliptic equations where the reaction function is not necessarily quasimonotone. Here generalized coupled upper and lower solutions are introduced.
A reliability model for cloud computing for high performance computing applications

With virtualization technology, Cloud computing utilizes resources more efficiently. A physical server can deploy many virtual machines and operating systems. However, with the increase in software and hardware components, more failures are likely to occur in the system. Hence, one should understand failure behavior in the Cloud environment in order to better utilize the cloud resources. In this work, we propose a reliability model and estimate the mean time to failure and failure rate based on a system of k nodes and s virtual machines under four scenarios. Results show that if the failure of the hardware and/or the software in the system exhibits a degree of dependency, the system becomes less reliable, which means that the failure rate of the system increases and the mean time to failure decreases. Additionally, an increase in the number of nodes decreases the reliability of the system.
Case 19: A Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Today you are assigned to anesthetize a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He is 43 years old and weighs 65 kg and is 5 ft 10 in. tall. The patient is ­having diaphragmatic pacer (DPS) placed prophylactically. DPS is used to treat ventilator insufficiency in quadriplegic patients [1, 2]. The operation will be done laparoscopically. He is otherwise healthy with a forced vital capacity greater than 50% and a normal EKG. You premedicate him with 1 mg of midazolam and 10 mg of metoclopramide. In the operating room you place routine monitors and a remifentanil infusion of 0.05 mcg/kg/min is started. Anesthesia is induced with 150 mg of propofol. He is easily ventilated with 100% oxygen with 3% sevoflurane. No muscle relaxant is used at induction or at any time during the procedure. The trachea is sprayed with 160 mg of lidocaine (LTA 360 Kit, Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045) and a cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) is placed.
Riparian land-use impacts on stream and gully bank soil and phosphorus losses with an emphasis on grazing practices

The tall-grass prairies, wetlands and forests that dominated the Iowa landscape have been replaced by annual row-crops and grass pastures that occupy more than 90 % of the landscape today. Because of these changes water reaches the streams and gullies much faster and has led to incised streams and an extensive growth of gully networks. Stream and gully banks are major contributors of the nonpoint source sediment and phosphorus. Reducing these pollutants is a priority to maintain healthy streams. The objective of this study was to compare stream and gully bank soil and phosphorus looses under different land-use practices in three Iowa regions. The hypothesis was that stream and gully bank erosion would decrease in the following order: annual row-cropped fields, continuous pastures, rotational pastures, intensive rotational pastures, pastures with cattle excluded from the stream, grass filters and riparian forest buffers. In rotational and intensive rotational grazing the pastures are divided into paddocks. One paddock is grazed at a time while the others are rested. To estimate soil losses for each treatment, erosion pins were used for stream and gully bank rates and all the severe eroding site heights and lengths were measured. Estimating soil total phosphorus concentrations from the stream and gully bank faces allowed us to estimate phosphorus losses. In addition phosphorus concentrations in riparian, stream bed and loafing areas of all treatments were measures. Riparian forest buffers, grass filters and pastures with the cattle excluded from the stream had the lowest soil and phosphorus losses from stream and bank erosion. Row-cropped fields had high soil and phosphorus losses that were similar to the continuous pastures. There are
Mathematics and Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of computer science that gives computers the ability to make predictions without explicitly being programmed. Machine learning enables computers to learn, as they process more and more data and make even more accurate predictions. Machine learning is becoming all pervasive in our daily lives, from speech recognition, medical diagnosis, customized content delivery, and product recommendations to advertisement placements to name a few. Knowingly or unknowingly, there is a very high chance that one would have encountered some form of machine learning several times in one’s daily activities. In cloud data centers, machine learning presents an opportunity to make systems autonomous and thus transforming data centers into those that are less error prone, secure, self tuning, and highly available. Mathematics forms the bedrock of machine learning. This paper aims at highlighting the concepts in mathematics that are essential for building machine learning systems. Topics in mathematics like linear algebra, probability theory and statistics, multivariate calculus, partial derivatives, and algorithmic optimizations are quintessential to implementing efficient machine learning systems. This paper will delve into a few of the aforementioned areas to bring out core concepts necessary for machine learning. Topics like principal component analysis, matrix computation, gradient descent algorithms are a few of them covered in this paper. This paper attempts to give the reader a panoramic view of the mathematical landscape of machine learning.
Real-time adjustable, 11 μs FWHM, > 5 kHz, piezo electric pulsed atomic beam source.

This paper provides a detailed description of how to construct a pulsed atomic beam source [including a fast ionization gauge (FIG) for characterization] with a unique combination of characteristics. We include technical drawings for a real-time adjustable piezo electric actuated pulsed valve capable of generating a 11 μs duration pulse of gas at a repetition rate of >5 KHz, with a shot-to-shot stability of 0.6%, and maximum densities of 1015 particles/cm3. We also include details on how to construct a FIG, with a 4 μs rise time, to measure the pulse. We report a 3D density map of a supersonic expansion of helium gas with a speed ratio S = 46 and a calculated longitudinal temperature of 0.3 K. Finally, the results of a laser ionization test are provided in order to verify the performance of the pulsed valve in a typical experimental configuration.
A redox-active organic cation for safer high energy density Li-ion batteries

Ni-rich layered cathode materials are at the forefront to be deployed in high energy density Li-ion batteries for the automotive market. However, the intrinsic poor structural and interfacial stability during overcharging could trigger violent thermal failure, which severely limits their wide application. To protect the Ni-rich cathode from overcharging, we firstly report a redox-active cation, thioether-substituted diaminocyclopropenium, as an electrolyte additive to limit the cell voltage within the safe value during overcharging. The organic cation demonstrates a record-breaking electrochemical reversibility at ∼4.55 V versus Li+/Li and solubility (0.5 M) in carbonate-based electrolyte. The protection capability of the additive was explored in two cell chemistries: a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite cell and a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/silicon–graphene cell with areal capacities of ∼2.2 mA h cm−2 and ∼3 mA h cm−2, respectively. With 0.2 M addition, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite cell survived 54 cycles at 0.2C with 100% overcharge. Moreover, the cell can carry an utmost 4.4 mA cm−2 (2C) with 100% overcharge and a maximum capacity of 7540% SOC at 0.2C.
Digital Resistance in the Middle East: New Media Activism in Everyday Life

This book argues that Internet diffusion and use in the Middle East enables meaningful micro-changes in citizens' lives, even in states where no Arab Spring revolution occurred.
The Galois theory of the p-Adic Complex Numbers

We discuss the Galois theory of the p-adic complex numbers (completion of an algebraic closure of Q p ) and, in particular, characterise its closed subfields as completions of algebraic extensions of Q p .
The psychology of academic cheating.

Publisher Summary Cheating on academic work involves a diverse array of psychological phenomena, including learning, development, and motivation. These phenomena form the core of the field of educational psychology. From the perspective of learning, cheating is a strategy that serves as a cognitive shortcut. Whereas effective learning often involves the use of complex self-regulatory and cognitive strategies, cheating precludes the need to use such strategies. Thus, students may choose to cheat either because they do not know how to use effective learning strategies or because they do not want to invest the time in using such strategies. From a developmental perspective, cheating may occur in different quantities and qualities depending on students' levels of cognitive, social, and moral development. From a motivational perspective, learners report many different reasons for engaging in academic cheating. Some students cheat because they are highly focused on extrinsic outcomes such as grades; others cheat because they are concerned with maintaining a certain image to themselves or to their peers; still others cheat because they lack the requisite self-efficacy to engage in complex tasks or because of the types of attributions they have developed.
Prevalence of disease in Southeast Asian teenagers. Results of screening medical examination at a residential vocational training facility.

Findings on health screening of immigrant Southeast Asian adolescents enrolled at a Federally funded vocational training facility were reviewed for the years 1979–1982. History of or positive skin test for tuberculosis was found in 55%. A heavy parasite burden was found in 46% of the recent Laotian immigrants, but was infrequent in Vietnamese who had been in the United States for several months before testing. Anemia was found in only 5.5%, though an additional 6.5% had findings suggestive of Thalasemia trait. Hepatitis B surface antigen positivity occurred in 16.8% but none had abnormal liver enzymes. One case of leprosy and three cases of idiopathic microscopic hematuria were detected.
Biophotonics and its promise

The mission of our center is the application of photonics to medical and bioscience grand challenges. We develop and apply innovative imaging, biosensor and medical device technologies. This talk will describe some of our research projects.