cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is union political action compatible with organizing? some preliminary evidence

Unions face serious challenges, which raise questions about organizational priorities. An issue important to the recent breakup of the AFLCIO is the priority given political action vis-a-vis organizing. We examine competing theoretical perspectives on the potential relationship between union political action and organizing effectiveness. We present evidence on the scope of union political spending and conduct a preliminary analysis of its correlation with organizing. Our results indicate a negative relationship, but we urge a cautious interpretation. Theory raises substantial doubts about political activity as a motivation for joining a union. We urge more research.
Longitudinal Associations between Maternal Involvement, Cultural Orientations, and Prosocial Behaviors Among Recent Immigrant Latino Adolescents.

Prosocial behaviors (i.e., actions that benefit others) are important markers of healthy social functioning, and understanding the factors that predict such outcomes among recent immigrant Latino adolescents is important. The current study examines the longitudinal associations between maternal involvement and prosocial behaviors via collectivism values. Data comes from a longitudinal project (Construyendo Oportunidades Para los Adolescentes Latinos) of 302 recently immigrated U.S. Latina/o adolescents (53.3% male, average age = 14.51 years old). The current study uses data from three times points across 2 years. The results demonstrated that maternal involvement was positively associated with collectivism values. Collectivism was positively associated with changes in prosocial behaviors. There was also partial support for a reverse-causal model. Discussion focuses on the links among parenting, cultural values, and prosocial behaviors among immigrant U.S. Latina/o adolescents.
Neurolymphomatosis: A review of 82 cases (P5.141)

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of 82 reported cases of neurolymphomatosis (NL). Background: Neuropathy may occur in up to 5% of patients with lymphoma. There are multiple potential causes, including infections, adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, immune mechanisms, and infiltration of neoplastic cells into the nerves. The latter is known as NL and has an estimated prevalence of 0.2% in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Design/Methods: We searched PubMed for cases of NL published between 2013 and 2015. Results: Eighty two cases were identified in 37 articles. There were 46 men (57%) and 35 women (43%). The median age at presentation was 60 years (27–85). Thirty patients (37%) had primary NL and 52 (63%) had secondary NL. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common type of malignancy in both groups (76%). Clinical presentations included painful radiculopathy or neuropathy (38%), mononeuropathy (24%), cranial neuropathy (23%), mononeuropathy multiplex (10%) and painless neuropathy (5%). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) was performed in 45 patients and showed malignant cells only in 18 (40%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enlarged nerves, usually with contrast enhancement in 48 of 58 patients (83%). Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was performed in 60 patients and in 55 (91%) showed abnormal root, plexus or nerve uptake. Biopsies, performed in different nerves and roots, yielded diagnostic results in 39 of 43 patients (91%). Conclusions: NL is a rare cause of neuropathy. It is extremely important for clinicians to recognize NL, as this may be the initial presentation of lymphoma or may be a manifestation of relapse or spread of a known malignancy. In both scenarios early detection has implications on treatment. The clinical presentations vary but the use of MRI and FDG-PET may help in diagnosis and selecting targets for biopsy. CSF analysis has limited utility. Disclosure: Dr. Avila has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vivar has nothing to disclose.
Turbulent Mixing in a Salt Wedge Estuary

Abstract Experiments carried out by Partch and Smith (1977) at anchor stations in the Duwamish River in Seattle, Washington showed a period of intense vertical salt flux during the ebb tide. In order to examine the longitudinal structure of these mixing events, as well as to procure data relevant to the overall dynamics of the estuary, a system was developed to permit measurement of the velocity and density fields from a moving vessel. The new system was used in an experiment in March 1977. Data obtained during this experiment indicate that the intense mixing events may be triggered by a hydraulic jump that occurs at a sharp change in river depth. The relatively high salinity water formed at the jump advects downstream, but vertical mixing continues with a salt flux of at least 0.5 gm/m 2 .sec. It is postulated that this continued mixing is related to an internal hydraulic instability. As it occurs during periods of minimum shear, shear instability is ruled out as a source of energy. In addition to the intense mixing events, an internal hydraulic jump that forms at the 16th Avenue bridge around the time of maximum ebb is described. While this apparently is not related to the intense mixing events, it is of interest in its own right, and indicates the importance of internal hydraulics to the dynamics of salt wedge estuaries.
Excessive Drooling in a Newborn

A term female newborn presents with excessive drooling. She is noted to have white frothy mucous building up in her mouth and nose that recurs despite suctioning. She is also unable to tolerate any feedings. During her first feeding, she gagged and immediately spit up. There were no complications during birth. On examination, the newborn is normotensive and has a normal heart rate. Her oxygen saturation is 98 % but decreases to 80 % during feeding. She has bilateral rales and rhonchorous upper airway sounds. Her abdomen is distended and nontender. The patient receives anteroposterior and lateral chest radiographs (Fig. 35.1) after orogastric tube placement (arrows). The stomach (S) is shown in the anteroposterior radiograph.
The Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior in Social Psychology

This article describes part of the common ground on which behavior analysts and social psychologists can meet for fruitful discussions to further their research: Both groups of investigators share an interest in rule-governed behavior. I describe four lively research areas of mainstream social psychology to illustrate that shared interest—time horizons, optimism and pessimism, attribution, and equity theory. Numerous experiments in each area are designed to (a) discover individuals’ self-rules and (b) analyze their implications for various activities in daily life.
Ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl doped zirconium(IV) metal–organic frameworks for solid-state electrochemiluminescence

Solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has drawn increasing attention due to its advantages over solution-phase ECL, such as reducing the consumption of expensive reagents and enhancing the ECL signal. Herein we report a ruthenium(ii)-polypyridyl doped zirconium(iv) metal-organic framework (MOF) film, UiO-67-Ru@FTO, for solid-state electrochemiluminescence. With tripropylamine (TPA) as a coreactant, UiO-67-Ru@FTO exhibited high ECL intensity and good stability. A linear relationship was found between the ECL intensity and TPA concentration in a wide range of 0.04-20 mM. Additionally, UiO-67-Ru@FTO was successfully used for dopamine detection, implying its great potential in real-life applications.
The influence of citizen disaster communication on perceptions of neighborhood belonging and community resilience

The Citizen Disaster Communication Assessment (CDCA) measures individual disaster communication activities that are intended to help communities cope across all phases of a disaster. Using the CDCA...
Pareto Efficient Auctions with Interest Rates

We consider auction settings in which agents have limited access to monetary resources but are able to make payments larger than their available resources by taking loans with a certain interest rate. This setting is a strict generalization of budget constrained utility functions (which corresponds to infinite interest rates). Our main result is an incentive compatible and Pareto-efficient auction for a divisible multi-unit setting with 2 players who are able to borrow money with the same interest rate. The auction is an ascending price clock auction that bears some similarities to the clinching auction but at the same time is a considerable departure from this framework: allocated goods can be de-allocated in future and given to other agents and prices for previously allocated goods can be raised.
Delay Discount Rate Moderates a Physical Activity Intervention Testing Immediate Rewards

Financial incentives can increase physical activity (PA), but differences in the immediacy of reward delivery and individual differences in delay discount rates (i.e., higher discount values associ...
1075-P: Safety and Efficacy of Medtronic MiniMed 670G Hybrid Closed-Loop System in the Diabetes Camp Setting: Comparison of Auto Mode (AM) vs. Manual Mode (MM)

Introduction: The Medtronic MiniMed 670G insulin pump is the first FDA approved commercial hybrid closed-loop system for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Clinical trials have shown that the pump’s Auto Mode system effectively maintains blood glucose (BG) levels in target ranges for longer periods of time. Campers may have different insulin requirements than they are accustomed to at home due to the different foods and activity levels at camp. In this retrospective quality review, Medtronic MiniMed 670G pump data from campers attending 2018 ADA Camp MIDICHA were analyzed to investigate the safety and efficacy of campers in AM vs. MM. Methods: We analyzed de-identified data from 34 campers (mean age 13.1 years [range 8-17]). There were 18 MM and 16 AM campers. BG levels, grams of carbohydrates consumed, and amount of insulin administered were recorded at every meal, evening snack, 12AM, and 2AM. The number of hypoglycemic events ( 250 mg/dL), and events within the target BG range (70-250 mg/dL) were also noted. Results: Our results showed improved glycemic control for campers in AM at breakfast (AM 166.56 mg/dL, MM 182.50 mg/dL), lunch (AM 156.08 mg/dL, MM 167.67 mg/dL), dinner (AM 191.83 mg/dL, MM 194.22 mg/dL), and evening snack (AM 164.13 mg/dL, MM 179.19 mg/dL). Average daily BG was lower for AM (AM 162.12 mg/dL, MM 173.54 mg/dL). The number of hypoglycemic events was 37 for AM and 38 for MM. The number of hyperglycemic events was 62 for AM and 80 for MM. Discussion: Compared to MM, using the AM system allowed for a higher percentage of BG in the target range and decreased incidences of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. This suggests that the AM system in the Medtronic MiniMed 670G insulin pump can safely and effectively maintain target BG levels for children with T1D in camp settings. Disclosure S.H. Chan: None. E.W. Chang: None. J.K. Tang: None. L. Schmeltz: Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc.
Funktion der Texte

Dieses Kapitel fokussiert auf das Zusammenspiel von InvestorInnen und AnalystInnen innerhalb der Financial Community. Angesichts der immer komplexer werdenden Finanzmarkte ist es fur AnlegerInnen zunehmend schwierig, sich einen Uberblick zu verschaffen. Sie greifen deshalb auf Analysen und Einschatzungen von FinanzspezialistInnen zuruck, die ihnen helfen, sich in den Markten zu orientieren. Skandale um Firmen wie Enron oder Worldcom wie auch die Finanzkrise ab 2007 haben aber das Vertrauen in die FinanzanalystInnen immer wieder erschuttert. Der Ruf nach einer verstarkten Regulierung in der Branche der FinanzanalystInnen wird lauter. Wahrend weitgehend Einigkeit daruber herrscht, dass gewisse Grundregeln gelten mussen, ist das Ausmas der Normierung stark umstritten. Neben gesetzlichen Regulierungen gibt aber auch die Qualitat der Texte Anlass zu Diskussionen.
Enabling Seamless Container Migration in Edge Platforms

Fog and cloud computing are becoming increasingly popular as computational offloading platforms. However, many areas throughout the world either do not have a stable enough network connection to effectively use cloud computing, or do not have the required infrastructure or resources to set up fog nodes. Moreover, many application categories such as cognitive assistance and augmented reality applications require single digit latency, which both cloud and fog cannot provide. As such, these areas can benefit tremendously from edge computing. To ensure single digit latency, Edge nodes are typically other co-located devices within single-hop proximity. Having said that, due to user mobility, single edge devices set up at home will not provide the required latency if the user is on the move. Therefore, we introduce Teddybear, a Docker based system that seamlessly and efficiently migrates server containers between edge computing platforms by utilizing both the Internet and the user's mobile device as a carrier for the container. We show how Teddybear can continue to provide ultra-low latency services to users on the move, with minimal service downtime as they change locations.
Novel use of cangrelor in pediatrics: A pilot cohort study demonstrating use in ventricular assist devices

Thromboembolic events and bleeding are major sources of morbidity among pediatric patients supported on a ventricular assist device (VAD). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enteral antiplatelet agents are affected and variable due to erratic enteral absorption in end-stage heart failure and VAD circulation. Additionally, 20%-40% of the population are poor metabolizers of clopidogrel, a prodrug, making cangrelor an alternative when antiplatelet therapy is crucial. Cangrelor has been used effectively and safely for short durations in adults during percutaneous coronary interventions, but the use of cangrelor is still under investigation in pediatrics. This case series utilized cangrelor, a novel short-acting, reversible, intravenous P2Y12 platelet inhibitor in managing pediatric patients supported with a VAD. We performed a retrospective, single-center review of patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with end-stage heart failure requiring mechanical circulatory support and concomitant cangrelor administration between January 2019 and March 2020. Platelet function testing, cangrelor dose, bleeding complications, thromboembolic events, and frequency of circuit interventions during the use of cangrelor were recorded. Optimal platelet reactivity, defined as P2Y12 < 180 platelet reaction units (PRU), was measured with serial point-of-care testing (VerifyNow). Seven patients, median age of 4.9 years, met the above criteria. Three patients had a diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease. Four patients had dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy. All patients were on continuous flow VADs. The median VAD duration was 84.5 days (IQR 61.5-103). The median duration on cangrelor was 43 days (IQR 8-70). The median cangrelor dose to reach the therapeutic threshold was 0.75 μg/kg/min with the mean P2Y12 , while on cangrelor of 164.75 PRU. Bleeding complications included mild gastrointestinal bleeding and hematuria. There was one patient with pump thrombosis requiring intervention. There were no cerebrovascular events while on cangrelor. We report the first successful long-term use of cangrelor in pediatric patients. The reversibility and short half-life of cangrelor make it a feasible antiplatelet agent in selected patients. This data supports the use of cangrelor in children as a viable antiplatelet option; with minimal bleeding complications and no cerebrovascular events demonstrated in this cohort.
The spatial distribution of thin filament activation influences force development and myosin activity in computational models of muscle contraction.

Abstract Striated muscle contraction is initiated by Ca2+ binding to, and activating, thin filament regulatory units (RU) within the sarcomere, which then allows myosin cross-bridges from the opposing thick filament to bind actin and generate force. The amount of overlap between the filaments dictates how many potential cross-bridges are capable of binding, and thus how force is generated by the sarcomere. Myopathies and atrophy can impair muscle function by limiting cross-bridge interactions between the filaments, which can occur when the length of the thin filament is reduced or when RU function is disrupted. To investigate how variations in thin filament length and RU density affect ensemble cross-bridge behavior and force production, we simulated muscle contraction using a spatially explicit computational model of the half-sarcomere. Thin filament RUs were disabled either uniformly from the pointed end of the filament (to model shorter thin filament length) or randomly throughout the length of the half-sarcomere. Both uniform and random RU ‘knockout’ schemes decreased overall force generation during maximal and submaximal activation. The random knockout scheme also led to decreased calcium sensitivity and cooperativity of the force-pCa relationship. We also found that the rate of force development slowed with the random RU knockout, compared to the uniform RU knockout or conditions of normal RU activation. These findings imply that the relationship between RU density and force production within the sarcomere involves more complex coordination than simply the raw number of RUs available for myosin cross-bridge binding, and that the spatial pattern in which activatable RU are distributed throughout the sarcomere influences the dynamics of force production.
Constitutional Hardball and Constitutional Crises

This essay, written for a conference in honor of Mark Tushnet, discusses Tushnet's concept of constitutional hardball: political claims and practices devised by a political party or movement that are high stakes and designed to alter the existing order's power relations. If successful, they will shift political power to the victors and entrench it for some considerable period of time. In contrast to Tushnet, I argue that constitutional hardball is not limited to periods of transformative politics, but rather occurs throughout American history. That is because attempts at transformative politics are always bubbling up. Ascendant political movements may try to change the existing order and fail. More likely, dominant political parties and political movements within the existing constitutional order may try to extend and further entrench their power, leading to defensive maneuvers by the other side. Indeed, people are most likely to push the envelope when they are already most empowered within the existing constitutional order. Thus, we should say that constitutional hardball involves attempts to change the constitutional order or to extend and further entrench it. Many, if not most, of these attempts will fail, and so, in hindsight, we will describe the period in which they occurred as one of normal politics. The second half of the essay compares constitutional hardball with Sanford Levinson's and my theory of constitutional crises. Constitutional hardball is closest to what we call Type Three crises, in which contending sides claim to be faithful to the Constitution and are willing to go outside the boundaries of ordinary politics to press their claims. But not all such crises involve constitutional hardball, and, equally important, not all examples of constitutional hardball produce constitutional crises. In fact, there may be many examples of stealth constitutional hardball, which fly below the radar of public recognition. Although constitutional hardball does not help us separate transformative periods from normal periods, the concept is still useful precisely because it helps us understand how periods of constitutional normalcy are actually special cases of periods of constitutional transformation.
High Chirality Smectic Mesophases

This article has no abstract. Keywords: liquid crystal; free energy; linear twist; phase; superconductor; plane
My right hand

Purpose – The column aims to address how to develop an effective working relationship with an administrative assistant. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of an opinion/advice column. Findings – The author identifies five things that, if put into practice, will assist managers in developing a successful partnership with their assistants. Originality/value – Personal opinion/advice column.
Working with English Language Learners: Preservice Teachers and Photovoice

This study utilizes documentary photography and storytelling, photovoice, to identify the educational realities of 16 Hispanic English Language Learners from an urban elementary school in the Southwest. Reflections from preservice teachers who utilized photovoice to gather data from the English Language Learners of this study are also discussed. Three main themes emerged from English Language Learners’ photographs and stories: (a) meaningful and fun instruction; (b) struggles and joys with literature, and (c) a sense of determination to excel and support others. Preservice teachers indicate they were positively affected by the enhanced learning environment of the study.
Comparative Public Administration: A Review of the Literature and an Agenda for Future Research

Intensified globalization and the demands on government that are created by it make studying public administration comparatively – how the field is defined, how comparative issues are framed, what subjects are addressed, and what research designs and methods of data collection and analysis are employed – a timely and worthwhile endeavor. To assess the nature and scope of the field of Comparative Public Administration (CPA), this paper identifies and codes for content 69 articles published in refereed journals between 2005 and 2009 that are comparative in nature, that is, the article must concern two or more geographical regions. This could be across nations (at national or subnational level), groups of nations (OECD, G8) or across continents. To be included among the 69, the article must also be relevant for public administration. Four significant attributes of the articles that were coded are highlighted here. First, a majority of the articles referenced the context of institutions or administrative processes, and the major subjects that frequently organized an article were reform, including New Public Management, and budgeting and finance. Second, these comparative public administration articles were dominated by studies of the United States and Europe. Third, three of our every four articles in our sample either attempted to establish linkages between independent and dependent variables or described those variables. In slightly more than one of every four articles that we examined authors tested causal relationships among variables. Fourth, the vast majority of articles that we coded for content made use of existing or secondary data; interview and survey data were rarely used. Furthermore, we found that 15 percent of the authors in our sample used sophisticated statistical methods. In slightly more than half of the articles qualitative methods were used. Among other things, the uses of theory, method, and data in the 69 CPA articles published between 2005 and 2009 differ markedly from how they were used in the published journal articles that Van Wart and Cayer (1990) coded for content twenty years ago. The paper concludes with a set of seven recommendations for future comparative public administration research.
Demonstration of pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity in vivo: Bacteriophage T4-infected Escherichia coli as a model system

An approach to the detection of pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity in living cells is presented. Mutants of Escherichia coli defective in uvr functions required for incision of UV-irradiated DNA were infected with phage T4 denV+ or denV- (defective in the T4 pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity). In the former case the denV gene product catalyzed the incision of UV-irradiated host DNA, facilitating the subsequent excision of thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers. Isolation of these dimers from the acid-soluble fraction of infected cells was achieved by a multistep thin-layer chromatographic system. Exposure of the dimers to irradiation that monomerizes pyrimidine dimers (direct photoreversal) resulted in the stoichiometric formation of free thymine. Thus, in vivo incision of UV-irradiated DNA dependent on a pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase can be demonstrated.
The role of alpha-blockers in the management of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the US. Patients with prostate cancer are initially treated with surgical resection, radiation or antiandrogen therapy. After an initial remission, however, the majority of prostate tumours evolve into a highly aggressive, metastatic androgen-independent state, for which successful therapy has not yet been established. During the past few years, new perspectives have emerged towards the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer. Quinazoline-based α1-blockers have been shown to have antitumour efficacy against prostate cancer cells in inducing apoptosis and anoikis via an α1-adrenoceptor-independent mechanism. Specifically, doxazosin and terazosin can induce apoptosis, inhibit invasion and migration of prostate cancer and endothelial cells, and reduce their adhesion potential to extracellular matrix components, thus enhancing their susceptibility to anoikis. This review discusses recent evidence suggest...
Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life

"Born to Be Good" demonstrates that humans are not hardwired to lead lives that are 'nasty, brutish and short' - we are in fact born to be good. Dacher Keltner investigates an old mystery of human evolution: why we have evolved positive emotions like gratitude, amusement, awe and compassion that promote ethical action and are the fabric of cooperative societies. By combining stories of scientific discovery, personal narrative and Eastern philosophy, Keltner illustrates his discussions with more than fifty snapshots of human emotions. "Born to Be Good" is a profound study of how emotion is the key to living the good life and how the path to happiness goes through human emotions that connect people to one another.
Optimum beamforming using transmit antenna arrays

Transmit beamforming is a powerful means of increasing capacity in systems in which the transmitter is equipped with an antenna array, especially in systems in which receive beamforming is not available, as is typical in the base-to-mobile downlink in a cellular communication system. In this paper, the problem of transmit beamforming is formulated as one of minimizing the power radiated by the base station, subject to satisfying quality of service requirements at the mobiles. For a single cell system, a global minimum is shown to exist, and an iterative algorithm that converges to it is provided. The solution extends to accommodate receive beamforming at the mobiles. It also extends to provide a mechanism for space-time transmit filtering, which exploits the differences between the temporal as well as the spatial channels between the base station and different mobiles. Finally, a system with multiple source-destination pairs (e.g., in an ad hoc network) is considered. An iterative algorithm that outputs a convergent sequence of feasible points with monotonically decreasing costs is provided for this case.
College Readiness for Geography: Perceptions of High School Teachers and College Faculty

A nationwide survey was conducted to examine the perceptions of geography educators regarding students' college readiness for geography. A total of 260 high school teachers and 93 professors who teach introductory human or world regional geography in the United States participated in the survey. Significant differences were found between the professors and the teachers in their perceptions on the relative importance of college readiness goals and the profi- ciency of their students. It was concluded that college readiness for geography is hindered due to both the different curri- cular priorities and perceptions on stu- dents' prior knowledge held by profes- sors and teachers.
Craze microstructure and molecular entanglements in polystyrene-poly(phenylene oxide) blends

Abstract Polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide) are miscible over the entire range of compositions. Thin films of five blends of high molecular weight polystyrene (PS) with high molecular weight poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), and four blends of low molecular weight PS (whose molecular weight lies below its entanglement molecular weight M e ) with the same PPO have been prepared. Following bonding of these films to copper grids, crazes were grown by uniaxial straining in air. Suitable crazes were then observed by transmission electron microscopy. From microdensitometry of the image plates it is possible to measure the extension ratio λ craze within crazes in the nine blends. These measured values are compared with predicted values of λ max , computed from λ max = I e d , where I e is the chain contour length between entanglements and d is the root mean square end-to-end distance for a chain of molecular weight M e . For the high molecular weight PS blends λ max depends on the entanglement properties of both PS and PPO chains. For the low molecular weight PS blends, the PS chains cannot form part of the entanglement network and the correct value of λ max is obtained from appropriate scaling of the pure PPO value. Comparison of λ craze and λ max for both types of blends shows excellent agreement, demonstrating the importance of the entanglement network in determining craze parameters and hence the toughness of a given polymer.
High-Performance Gas Sensing of CO: Comparative Tests for Semiconducting (SnO2-Based) and for Amperometric Gas Sensors

A comparison of the stability and sensitivity for two different sensor types (semiconductor SnO2 devices, amperometric electrochemical sensors) has been performed. Sensitivities and drifts in the signal and in the background for various concentrations of CO have been studied for thick-film SnO2 sensors (Pt and Pd doped) for a period in excess of 8 months. Similar performance data have been recorded for commercial amperometric sensors for a period in excess of 4 years. The two different sensor types investigated here were also compared to the well-known commercial Figaro TGS 822 sensor at similar concentrations. An objective approach for comparing different types of sensors has been developed using the “analytical sensitivity”.
Exponential decay estimates for solutions of the von kármán equations on a semi-infinite strip

This paper is concerned with the analysis of Saint-Venant edge effects for nonlinear elastic plates. The model used is based on the von Karman plate equations: a coupled system of two nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with the biharmonic operator as the principal part. Energy methods are used to establish a nonlinear integro-differential inequality for a quadratic functional. Arguments based on comparison theorems are then used to establish exponential decay of end effects.
Thin, relaxed Si1−xGex virtual substrates on Si grown using C-doped Ge buffers

Ultrathin C-doped Ge (Ge:C) buffers are used as effective buffer layers to grow thin and smooth Si1−xGex relaxed virtual substrates on Si over a wide range of Ge content (x = 0.23, 0.38, 0.50, 0.65, 1) by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. High degree of relaxation (≥90%) in thin Si1−xGex films (∼50 nm thick) is demonstrated using this approach without additional annealing. Raman data suggest that the Ge:C buffers are still under compressive stress with the subsequent Si1−xGex layer growth. A low threading dislocation density of the order of ∼6 × 104 cm−2 is obtained from the relaxed 500-nm Si0.77Ge0.23 film grown using this method.
A comparison of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual female college undergraduate students on selected reproductive health screenings and sexual behaviors.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual college undergraduate women on selected reproductive health screenings. Associations between sexual orientation and preventive health screenings and sexual behaviors were made to determine if differences existed between the groups. Methods The study was a secondary analysis of three semesters of the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment-II. Findings Bisexuals were 1.1 times as likely as heterosexuals to have a gynecological examination and perform a breast self-examination (BSE), and 1.5 times as likely to have an HIV test. Bisexuals also were 1.5 times as likely as lesbians to have a gynecological examination, 1.2 times as likely to perform BSE, and 1.4 times as likely to have an HIV test. Lesbians were 0.70 times as likely as heterosexuals to have a gynecological examination, but no different in BSE or HIV testing. Bisexuals were more likely to have anal intercourse than heterosexuals or lesbians (p Conclusions Health educators should attend to the unique needs of each sexual orientation group when presenting sexual health information to college women. Health care providers should undergo diversity and sensitivity training to work more effectively with these groups.
Protein Required in Starters for Calves Fed Milk Once or Twice Daily

Abstract Twenty-four 1-wk old Holstein calves were fed milk at 8% of body weight to a maximum of 4.1 kg daily until 5 wk of age and 2.3 kg daily during the next week in one or two equal feedings; then they were weaned. They could consume ad libitum calf starter containing either 13.0, 13.5, or 16.2% protein from 1 to 12 wk of age. Average daily gains (kg) from 1 to 6 wk and from 6 to 12 wk and kg feed/kg gain from 6 to 12 wk for calves fed once or twice daily were: .47, .53; .79, .77; 3.36, 3.25. Average daily gains (kg) from 1 to 6 wk and from 6 to 12 wk and kg feed/kg gain from 6 to 12 wk for calves fed 13.0, 13.5, or 16.2% protein starter were: .48, .52, .51; .76, .85, .74; 3.47, 3.20, 3.25. At 5 and 12 wk of age plasma protein concentrations of 18 of the calves (calculated as percent change from 1 wk of age) and plasma amino acid of 12 of the calves did not differ significantly due to treatment. The results are discussed in light of current recommendations for protein and energy allowances for young calves.
Reducing the costs of U.S. health care: the role of electronic health records.

In this issue, Adler-Milstein and colleagues address the relationship between the use of EHRs and the costs of health care and found that EHRs in a community-based setting seem to slow ambulatory c...
The isolation and characterization of copper methylene via matrix isolation spectroscopy

Abstract The reactions of copper atoms with diazomethane have been investigated via FTIR matrix isolation spectroscopy. In argon matrices CuCH 2 and N 2 CuCH 2 have been characterized whereas only N 2 CuCH 2 is observed in nitrogen matrices.
Overdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Analysis of the Literature

Bipolar disorder (BD) is considered one of the most disabling mental conditions, with high rates of morbidity, disability, and premature death from suicide. Although BD is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder, some attention has recently been drawn to the possibility that BD could be overdiagnosed in some settings. The present paper focuses on a critical analysis of the overdiagnosis issue among bipolar patients. It includes a review of the available literature findings, followed by some recommendations aiming at optimizing the diagnosis of BD and increasing its reliability.
Loss of Ikkβ Promotes Migration and Proliferation of Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells

The IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) is central to the activation of NF-kappaB, a critical transcription factor governing expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic responses. Mice with genetic disruptions of the Ikkbeta or Ikkgamma gene loci die during embryogenesis because of severe hepatic apoptosis. We now show that Ikkbeta gene deficiency promotes migration and proliferation of mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Morphological analyses revealed an unusual protrusion of the cytoplasm in Ikkbeta(-/-) cells when cultured at a lower density. In a Boyden chamber assay, Ikkbeta(-/-) cells exhibited a high rate of invasion and migration. Enhanced formation of actin stress fibers was also observed in the Ikkbeta(-/-) cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that IKKbeta affects the expression of proteins involved in the assembly of cytoskeleton and cell movement. Furthermore, re-expression of Ikkbeta and antioxidant treatment in Ikkbeta(-/-) cells caused a reversal of protrusive phenotype and high motility, respectively. Furthermore, elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) blocked expression of snail and subsequently derepressed E-cadherin expression. Although the underlying mechanism is likely entangled and complicated, the data presented indicate that generation of ROS played a key role in the morphological and mobility changes in Ikkbeta(-/-) cells. These data thus suggest that IKKbeta provides inhibitory signals for cell mobility and growth. Deficiency in the Ikkbeta gene promotes cell mobilization, at least partially, through a ROS-dependent mechanism.
Differences in the antecedents and consequences of the motivation for fertility control among Filipino migrants and Caucasian controls.

An analysis of interview data from 100 Filipino migrant and 50 Caucasian married couples sought to uncover crosscultural differences in the antecedents and consequences of MFC (Motivation for Fertility Control) after the Filipinos exposure to U.S. culture. Caucasians and Filipinos showed significant differences in MFC; Filipinos exhibited lower motivation scores at each parity level. A theoretical model was tested on data gathered. Variables remote in the hypothesized sequence leading to MFC (personality and value-related variables: life cycle indicators such as number of present children) were more important to Filipino MFC; variables late in the sequence (attitudes toward children and contraception) were more important to Caucasian MFC. The regression model of MFC accounted for more of the variance in Caucasian than in Filipino MFC. The relationship between MFC and strength of contraceptive behavior was also examined separately by sex for both samples. The relationship was weaker for Filipinos especially Filipino wives. Before small family size becomes popular in the Philippines the link between ideal family size and motivation for fertility control should be strengthened and linked to contraceptive behavior.
The Venus's-flytrap and Cysteine-rich Domains of the Human Ca2+ Receptor Are Not Linked by Disulfide Bonds

The extracellular N-terminal domain of the human Ca(2+) receptor (hCaR) consists of a Venus's-flytrap (VFT) domain and a cysteine-rich (Cys-rich) domain. We have shown earlier that the Cys-rich domain is critical for signal transmission from the VFT domain to the seven-transmembrane domain. The VFT domain contains 10 cysteines: two of them (Cys(129) and Cys(131)) were identified as involved in intermolecular disulfide bonds necessary for homodimerization, and six others (Cys(60)-Cys(101), Cys(358)-Cys(395), and Cys(437)-Cys(449)) are predicted to form three intramolecular disulfide bonds. The Cys-rich domain contains nine cysteines, the involvement of which in disulfide bond formation has not been defined. In this work, we asked whether the remaining cysteines in the hCaR VFT, namely Cys(236) and Cys(482), form disulfide bond(s) with cysteines in the Cys-rich domain. We constructed mutant hCaRs with a unique tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease recognition site inserted between the VFT domain and the Cys-rich domain. These mutant hCaRs remain fully functional compared with the wild type hCaR. After TEV protease digestion of the mutant hCaR proteins, dimers of the VFT were identified on Western blot under nonreducing conditions. We concluded that there is no disulfide bond between the VFT and the Cys-rich domains in the hCaR.
Cyanide-induced Death of Dopaminergic Cells is Mediated by Uncoupling Protein-2 Up-regulation and Reduced Bcl-2 Expression

Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and produces mitochondria-mediated death of dopaminergic neurons and sublethal intoxications that are associated with a Parkinson-like syndrome. Cyanide toxicity is enhanced when mitochondrial uncoupling is stimulated following up-regulation of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). In this study, the role of a pro-survival protein, Bcl-2, in cyanide-mediated cell death was determined in a rat dopaminergic immortalized mesencephalic cell line (N27 cells). Following pharmacological up-regulation of UCP-2 by treatment with Wy14,643, cyanide reduced cellular Bcl-2 expression by increasing proteasomal degradation of the protein. The increased turnover of Bcl-2 was mediated by an increase of oxidative stress following UCP-2 up-regulation. The oxidative stress involved depletion of mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) and increased H2O2 generation. Repletion of mtGSH by loading cells with glutathione ethyl ester reduced H2O2 generation and in turn blocked the cyanide-induced decrease of Bcl-2. To determine if UCP-2 mediated the response, RNAi knock down was conducted. The RNAi decreased cyanide-induced depletion of mtGSH, reduced H2O2 accumulation, and inhibited down-regulation of Bcl-2, thus blocking cell death. To confirm the role of Bcl-2 down-regulation in the cell death, it was shown that over-expression of Bcl-2 by cDNA transfection attenuated the enhancement of cyanide toxicity after UCP-2 up-regulation. It was concluded that UCP-2 up-regulation sensitizes cells to cyanide by increasing cellular oxidative stress, leading to an increase of Bcl-2 degradation. Then the reduced Bcl-2 levels sensitize the cells to cyanide-mediated cell death.
INELASTIC SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS BY THE ELEMENTS He TO Na.

We have calculated discrete and continuum generalized oscillator strengths for all the occupied shells of He-Na and the $3s$ and $3p$ continuum generalized oscillator strengths for Ar. The calculations are done with a one-electron common-central-potential unrelaxed-core approximation. The generalized oscillator strengths were used to compute proton-excitation and -ionization cross sections and stopping power, electron-ionization cross sections, and neutral-neutral-ionization and -stripping cross sections. For proton ionization above 200 keV and electron ionization above 200 eV, the calculated cross sections are in better than 20% agreement with experiment. The calculated proton stopping power is lower than experiment by 25% at 100 keV and within 10% at 1 MeV. The computed He-He ionization cross section agrees with the measurement by Wittkower, Levy, and Gilbody, while the computed He-Ar ionization cross section is a factor of 5 higher than the measurement by Puckett, Taylor, and Martin.
Asset Building for and by Young People.

Abstract This article summarizes the four preceding articles on youth and saving, identifies policy and program implications, and suggests directions for future scholarship. It is clear that saving is difficult for many people and throughout the life course. Efforts to help young people accumulate assets might encourage saving by parents, encourage saving by youth, or provide subsidies. The latter strategy is most likely to reduce inequities associated with socioeconomic status. These strategies do not have to be pursued in isolation, and on-going conversations across disciplines and between scholars and practitioners could yield useful insight. In addition, research on existing asset-building initiatives that combine two or more of these strategies will provide important lessons for policy and program development.
Satellite Data Analysis of Ozone Differences in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Four years of SBUV ozone data and NOAA/NMC temperature data are analyzed for the relations between the annual total ozone behaviour in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and the transport of ozone by planetary waves. It is found that the interhemispheric differences in the annual variation of total ozone are well explained by the interhemispheric differences in the planetary waves and the resulting ozone transports. The annual variation of the ozone transports by the stationary waves is found to control the ozone behavior in both hemispheres. Both the day-to-day and the interannual variation in total ozone are found to be strongly related to the corresponding variability of the planetary waves.
Analogical reasoning in working memory: resources shared among relational integration, interference resolution, and maintenance.

We report a series of experiments using a pictorial analogy task designed to manipulate relational integration, interference resolution, and active maintenance simultaneously. The difficulty of the problems was varied in terms of the number of relations to be integrated, the need for interference resolution, and the duration of maintenance required to correctly solve the analogy. The participants showed decreases in performance when integrating multiple relations, as compared with a single relation, and when interference resolution was required in solving the analogy. When the participants were required to integrate multiple relations while simultaneously engaged in interference resolution, performance was worse, as compared with problems that incorporated either of these features alone. Maintenance of information across delays in the range of 1–4.5 sec led to greater decrements in visual memory, as compared with analogical reasoning. Misleading information caused interference when it had been necessarily attended to and maintained in working memory and, hence, had to be actively suppressed. However, sources of conflict within information that had not been attended to or encoded into working memory did not interfere with the ongoing controlled information processing required for relational integration. The findings provide evidence that relational integration and interference resolution depend on shared cognitive resources in working memory during analogical reasoning.
Tachistoscopic illumination and masking of real scenes

Tachistoscopic presentation of scenes has been valuable for studying the emerging properties of visual scene representations. The spatial aspects of this work have generally been focused on the conceptual locations (e.g., next to the refrigerator) and directional locations of objects in 2-D arrays and/or images. Less is known about how the perceived egocentric distance of objects develops. Here we describe a novel system for presenting brief glimpses of a real-world environment, followed by a mask. The system includes projectors with mechanical shutters for projecting the fixation and masking images, a set of LED floodlights for illuminating the environment, and computer-controlled electronics to set the timing and initiate the process. Because a real environment is used, most visual distance and depth cues can be manipulated using traditional methods. The system is inexpensive, robust, and its components are readily available in the marketplace. This article describes the system and the timing characteristics of each component. We verified the system’s ability to control exposure to time scales as low as a few milliseconds.