cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific removal of DNA antibodies in vivo by extracorporeal circulation over DNA immobilized in collodion charcoal

Abstract A novel immunoadsorbent is described in which significant quantities of DNA were immobilized in collodion membranes adherent to activated charcoal particles. DNA-collodion-charcoal particles were placed in an extracorporeal circulation system and arterial blood was circulated through a continuous-flow celltrifuge in which plasma was separated from formed elements. Rabbit anti-BSA and human anti-DNA antibodies were infused into mongrel dogs and only plasma was pumped through the DNA-collodion-charcoal immunoadsorbent. A sharp reduction in DNA binding activity was observed over the ensuing 15 to 30 min with only slight change in BSA binding during the same time period. There were no significant changes in [ 125 I] DNA on the charcoal before and after the perfusion experiments and there was no recovery of [ 125 I] DNA in serum, urine, or vital organs at the conclusion of the studies. In addition, there were no demonstrable hematologic or biochemical alterations in the dogs. These findings suggest that this extracorporeal immunoadsorbent system may rapidly and specifically withdraw DNA antibodies in vivo with minimal host toxicity. As such, it would appear to offer a specific approach to therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus when it is desirable to remove circulating DNA antibodies.
Using the Internet for survey research: a case study

The Internet provides opportunities to conduct surveys more efficiently and effectively than traditional means. This article reviews previous studies that use the Internet for survey research. It discusses the methodological issues and problems associated with this new approach. By presenting a case study, it seeks possible solutions to some of the problems, and explores the potential the Internet can offer to survey researchers.
Gas turbine combustion performance test of hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthetic gas

Abstract The development of coal IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) technology has made it possible to exploit electricity generated from coal at a low cost. Furthermore, IGCC is a pre-requisite for the development of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) technology and hydrogen generated from coal. To achieve the need to reduce CO 2 emissions, Korea’s 300 MW IGCC RDD&D (Research Development, Demonstration and Dissemination) project was launched in December 2006 under the leadership of the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), with the support of the Korea Ministry of Knowledge Economy.When a new fuel is adapted to a gas turbine (such as syngas for IGCC), it is necessary to study the gas turbine combustion characteristics of the fuel, because gas turbines are very sensitive to its physical and chemical properties. This experimental study was conducted by investigating the combustion performance of synthetic gas, which is composed chiefly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The results of a test on synthetic gas combustion performance were compared with the results of methane combustion, which is a major component of natural gas. The results of the combustion test of both gases were examined in terms of the turbine’s inlet temperature, combustion dynamics, emission characteristics, and flame structure.From the results of this experimental study, we were able to understand the combustion characteristics of synthetic gas and anticipate the problems when synthetic gas rather than natural gas is fuelled to a gas turbine.
A model for the effect of excision repair on the survival of human cells exposed to chemical carcinogens

A model is presented which correlates the survival of normal human fibroblasts (NF) after exposure to N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) with the rate of excision of carcinogen residues bound to DNA. Measurements of the rate of excision of carcinogen residues suggest that this is a first-order process with 37% of the adducts remaining after about 70 h. From this information and the dose-response relationship for survival of NF and repair deficient cells we can determine the mean number of adducts required to produce a potentially lethal lesion and the effective time available for repair. When these adjustable parameters have been determined, we can use the model to predict the rate of excision in partially repair-deficient cells and the effect of extending the repair period by arresting cell growth after treatment. Survival studies in which cells were held at confluence for varying amounts of time between treatment and replating at low density show good agreement with the predictions of the model.
Impact of inappropriate antibiotic therapy on mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and blood stream infection: a meta-analysis.

Abstract Objectives Studies have found that initial treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and blood stream infections (BSI) with inappropriate antimicrobial therapy is associated with higher rates of mortality, but additional studies have failed to confirm this. Methods Databases were searched to identify studies that met the following criteria: observational trials, patients with VAP or BSI receiving appropriate and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy, and mortality data. We conducted random-effects model meta-analyses, both with and without adjustment. Results Meta-analyses of VAP studies using unadjusted and adjusted data indicated that inappropriate therapy significantly increased patients' odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-3.63; P = .0001, I 2 = 28.5% and OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.12-8.19; P = .0292, I 2 = 89.2%, respectively). Meta-analyses of BSI studies using unadjusted and adjusted data showed that inappropriate therapy significantly increased patients' odds of mortality (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.96-2.76; P I 2 = 48.7% and OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.43-3.65; P = .0006, I 2 = 88.2%, respectively). Conclusions There appears to be an association between initial inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and increased mortality in patients with VAP and BSI.
Ptolemaiida, a new order of Mammalia--with description of the cranium of Ptolemaia grangeri.

Abstract All records of the exotic mammalian family Ptolemaiidae are known from 182 m of section in the lower to middle parts of the upper Eocene and lower Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt. Previous tentative assignments of ptolemaiid affinity have suggested that these animals are allied with the primitive suborder Pantolesta (currently placed in the order Cimolesta). Though perhaps ultimately derived from an unknown member of that group, the likelihood that ptolemaiids constitute a distinct group is considered, and analysis of all known materials of Ptolemaia, Qarunavus, and Cleopatrodon demonstrates that these genera belong in their own order, the Ptolemaiida, described here. The morphologically unique dentition and only known ptolemaiid cranium, that of Ptolemaia grangeri, is described. Although Qarunavus and Cleopatrodon show some similarities in primitive characters to European merialine Paroxyclaenidae (suborder Pantolesta), their affinities clearly lie with Ptolemaia and the Ptolemaiida.
Chris Peterson’s unfinished masterwork: The real mental illnesses

The theory of strengths also implies a theory of disorder that proceeds from knowing what is right in a person: pathology is the opposite, or the absence, or the excess of the strengths. Chris Peterson left a table that details this theory. I discuss the relation of the pathologies so derived to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM) disorders and I speculate on its treatment implications. If fleshed out, I suggest it is a viable alternative to DSM.
Polymorphisms in the human xeroderma pigmentosum group A gene and their impact on cell survival and nucleotide excision repair.

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may contribute to defects in DNA repair and increased susceptibility to cancer. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) gene is required for nucleotide excision repair (NER) and mutations in XPA highly predispose humans to skin cancer. We examined DNA samples from 189 individuals for polymorphisms in the XPA gene. First, SSCP analysis was used to examine each of the six exons and their intron boundaries. One frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the untranslated region of exon 1 and two rare SNPs which produce the changes Arg228Gln and Val234Leu in the coding region of exon 6 were identified. Quite surprisingly, no sequence variants were found within the coding regions or the adjacent intron boundaries of exons 1-5. Ecdysone-inducible expression vectors containing wild type XPA cDNA or cDNAs representing the two polymorphisms that we identified in exon 6 were created and independently introduced into the XPA deficient cell line XP12RO-SV. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR), global genome repair (GGR) and cell survival following UV irradiation were studied in each cell line in the absence or presence of the ecdysone hormone analog, ponasterone A. No substantial difference in repair or cell survival was found in cells complemented with wild type or polymorphic alleles of XPA. A 10-fold increase in the expression of XPA by addition of ponasterone A resulted in faster removal of 6-4 photoproducts from the total genomes of cells complemented with wild type or polymorphic alleles of XPA but had no significant impact on TCR or global genome repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Since our SSCP analysis failed to detect significant numbers of polymorphisms we directly sequenced exons 4-6 in a subset of our samples. One additional rare SNP, which produces the change Leu252Val was found in exon 6 and four rare SNPs and one rare single nucleotide deletion were found in intron 4. Hence, the XPA gene appears to be a cold spot for genetic variation and rare polymorphisms in the coding region of the gene do not reduce NER or cell survival after UV irradiation.
IR spectroscopic investigation of the effect of deep UV irradiation on PET films

Abstract Infrared spectroscopy provides a comprehensive view of chemical and conformational structures of molecules. Spin cast amorphous and semicrystalline PET thin films on silicon substrates were investigated with transmission IR to reveal the effect of deep UV (172 nm) irradiation on molecular architecture. Difference spectra by subtracting original samples from the UV treated ones show features consistent with a Norrish type I based decarbonylation and a Norrish type II process producing terminal carboxylic acid groups. Conformation selectivity of the photochemistry is discussed on the basis of three major structure factors related to the formation of a cyclic transition state of the Norrish type II process. Quantitative analysis was carried out by simulating carbonyl stretching band in the difference spectra with ester and acid type carbonyl model spectra. The effects of UV fluence and molecular mobility on quantum yields were elucidated. Quantum yields of 172 nm UV photochemistry in bulk PET were calculated to be no different from those of longer wavelength (200–400 nm). UV modified depth were also estimated by means of plasma etching of the samples.
Institutional Investors, R&D Policy and Firm Stock Liquidity

This paper seeks to determine if institutional investors influence corporate research and development (R&D) investment policies. Specifically, this study tests whether institutional investors encourage R&D investment in firms with higher firm stock liquidity. Firm and year fixed effect regressions examining the effect of changes in institutional investor levels to subsequent changes in R&D investment levels are used. For robustness, difference-GMM regressions and regressions for different time periods are ran on the same relationship. I find that increased institutional ownership leads to increases in R&D investment, especially in firms with higher firm stock liquidity. Results support the assertion that the presence of institutional shareholders encourages management to invest in R&D for long-term benefits in lieu of short-term profits. Institutions have become the foremost power in U.S. stock ownership. The results in this paper indicate that institutional investors can deter management from investing in R&D at a sub-optimal level, thus benefiting all shareholders.
Facial Cellulitis Induced in Chickens by Mycoplasma gallisepticum Bacterin and Its Treatment

Abstract Ten-to-14-day-old replacement chickens were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck with a Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin. A few days later, 40% of the flock developed cellulitis of the head. Birds were submitted for diagnostic investigation between 4 and 6 wk of age. Histology revealed lesions in the subcutis consistent with oil-emulsified vaccine/bacterin reaction. No significant bacteria were isolated from the lesions. Birds were treated with 1 mg of methyl prednisol acetate intramuscularly. Improvement was noted as early as 12 hr posttreatment. One week after treatment only 1%–2% of the flock still had facial cellulitis. Abbreviations: AI = avian influenza; IBD = infectious bursal disease; MG = Mycoplasma gallisepticum Reporte de Caso—Celulitis facial inducida en aves por la bacterina y el tratamiento contra Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Aves reproductoras de 10 a 14 dias de edad fueron vacunadas por la via subcutanea en la nuca con una bacterina contra Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Pocos dias despu...
IS SEXUAL MATURATION CONTAGIOUS

![Figure][1] Animal reproduction is a complicated process involving the coordination of many systems that act at different levels to control behavior and gonad function. In teleost fish, steroids produced by the gonads are responsible for sexual behavior and sexual differentiation and also
Life history characteristics and age validation of southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the middle South Atlantic Bight

Summary The purpose of this study was to determine critical components of the life history including otolith age validation, growth estimation, and reproductive characteristics for southern kingfish Menticirrhus americanus. A total of 2233 southern kingfish were collected from March 2009 to December 2010. Ages were estimated and validated using thin-sectioned otoliths. Marginal increment analysis showed a single annulus was deposited once a year between April and May. Growth was significantly different (P < 0.0001) between sexes Linf = 418.97 ± 16.58 mm, k = 0.29 ± 0.03, t0 = −1.30 ± 0.10 for females and Linf = 290.74 ± 6.93 mm, k = 0.52 ± 0.05, t0 = −1.08 ± 0.11 for males. Southern kingfish spawn from March to August with a peak spawn in April. Based on evidence of multiple oocyte maturation stages and post-ovulatory follicles (POFs) southern kingfish are multiple spawners exhibiting indeterminate fecundity. Spawning frequency for females ranging from 222 to 351 mm TL (age 1–5) was estimated as one spawning event every 2.0–4.2 days with up to 6 million total ova produced per spawning season per female.
Learning from abstract and contextualized representations: The effect of verbal guidance

An experiment examined the effects of providing explicit verbal guidance to learners in integrating information with abstract or contextualized representations during computer-based learning of engineering. Verbal guidance supported learners in identifying correspondences and making mental connections among multiple textual and diagrammatic representations. Results from a 2 (abstract (A) or contextualized (C) representation)x2 (no guidance or guidance) design showed that without guidance, abstract representations led to better transfer than contextualized representations. Moreover, learners in the contextualized representation group benefitted from the guidance, while the abstract representation group did not benefit from guidance. These findings suggest that abstract representations promote the development of deep, transferrable knowledge and that verbal guidance denoting correspondences among representations can facilitate learning when less effective representational formats are utilized.
Second-generation antipsychotic use among stimulant-using children, by organization of medicaid mental health.

Objective:Reducing overuse of second-generation antipsychotics among Medicaid-enrolled children is a national priority, yet little is known about how service organization affects use. This study compared differences in second-generation antipsychotic utilization among Medicaid-enrolled children across fee-for-service, integrated managed care, and managed behavioral health carve-out organizational structures.Methods:Organizational structures of Medicaid programs in 82 diverse counties in 34 states were categorized and linked to child-level cross-sectional claims data from the Medicaid Analytic Extract covering fiscal years 2004, 2006, and 2008. To approximate the population at risk of antipsychotic treatment, the sample was restricted to stimulant-using children ages three to 18 (N=419,226). The sample was stratified by Medicaid eligibility group, and logistic regression models were estimated for probability of second-generation antipsychotic use. Models included indicators of county-level organizational s...
A novel selective multikinase inhibitor of ROCK and MRCK effectively blocks cancer cell migration and invasion

Two structurally related protein kinase families, the Rho kinases (ROCK) and the myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinases (MRCK) are required for migration and invasion of cancer cells. We hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of these two kinase families might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to block the migration and invasion of metastatic cancers. To this end, we developed DJ4 as a novel small molecule inhibitor of these kinases. DJ4 potently inhibited activities of ROCK and MRCK in an ATP competitive manner. In cellular functional assays, DJ4 treatment significantly blocked stress fiber formation and inhibited migration and invasion of multiple cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. Our results strongly indicate that DJ4 may be further developed as a novel anti-metastatic chemotherapeutic agent for multiple cancers.
Management of adults with congenital heart disease with cardiovascular computed tomography

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of cardiac computed tomography (CT) in the care of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods A retrospective analysis of adult patients with CHD who underwent cardiac CT from April 2005 to May 2006 was performed. Data collected included diagnosis, presence or absence of cardiac symptoms, presence or absence of a pacemaker or defibrillator, anatomic and functional abnormalities, and the need for subsequent surgical or transcatheter intervention based on cardiac CT findings. Results Eighty-seven adult patients with CHD underwent cardiac CT during this period. Fifty-four subjects had cardiac CT findings that warranted possible transcatheter or surgical interventions or both. Of these, 30 patients went on to transcatheter or surgical intervention based on cardiac CT results. Twenty (37%) subjects of the study population had either pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Conclusions Cardiac CT provides important volumetric imaging information to guide management in adult patients with CHD.
Carnality and Eroticism in the History of Russian Literature: Toward a Genealogy of a Discourse of Silence

The essay explores traditions of expressing the body and sexuality in Russian culture and literature. The main strategy that many authors used was that of silence ignoring (“keeping silent about”) the topic altogether. Alternatively, others have adhered to burlesques, in which an author presents carnality and eroticism in a deliberately ludicrous, grotesque way. The essay defines three historical determinants for the “strategy of silence” and the “strategy of burlesque” marking the history of Russia's literary representation. The first is a set of profound differences between Western and Russian medical science, sexology and psychopathology. The second is a divide in perceptions of sexuality between Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox traditions. The third is embodied in some of the earliest canonical representations of sexuality in literary history, including the Archpriest Avvakum’s Life (1682).
All Regions of Mouse Brain Are Dependent on Selenoprotein P for Maintenance of Selenium

The brain and testis retain selenium better than other tissues during selenium deficiency. Studies of mice with selenoprotein P (Sepp1) deleted (Sepp1(-/-) mice) showed that brain and testis selenium levels are largely dependent on Sepp1. Therefore, we examined tissue selenium in mice fed varying amounts of selenium and in Sepp1(-/-) mice to characterize better the role(s) of Sepp1. Mice were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 8 wk supplemented with selenium as selenite from none to 0.25 mg/kg diet and tissue selenium was measured. Brain and testis maintained their selenium better than did liver, kidney, and muscle when dietary selenium was limiting but testis selenium fell sharply in the group fed the deficient diet. Brain retained its selenium well, even in the group fed the deficient diet. After intravenous injection of (75)Se-Sepp1 into Sepp1(-/-) and Sepp1(+/+) mice, qualitative differences between brain and testis (75)Se uptake were noted, further suggesting differences in their uptake of selenium from Sepp1. Finally, selenium was measured in brain regions of Sepp1(-/-) and Sepp1(+/+) mice fed the diet supplemented with 1 mg selenium/kg and Sepp1(+/+) mice fed the deficient diet. Deletion of Sepp1 and selenium deficiency each lowered selenium a similar amount in cortex, midbrain, brainstem, and cerebellum. Selenium in the hippocampus was lowered by deletion of Sepp1 but not by selenium deficiency. These results suggest that Sepp1 is more important for maintaining selenium in the hippocampus than in other brain regions. They also confirm the position of the brain at the apex of the organ selenium hierarchy.
In vivo conversion of 18- and 20-C essential fatty acids in rats using the multiple simultaneous stable isotope method

An important question for mammalian nutrition is the relative efficiency of C18 versus C20 essential fatty acids (EFAs) for supporting the tissue composition of n-3 and n-6 pathway end products. One specific question is whether C22 EFAs are made available to tissues more effectively by dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) or by dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6). To address this question in a direct manner, four stable isotope compounds were given simultaneously in a novel paradigm. A single oral dose of a mixture of 2H5-18:3n-3, 13C-U-20:5n-3, 13C-U-18:2n-6, and 2H5-20:3n-6 was administered to rats given a defined diet. There was a preferential in vivo conversion of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) to docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-6) and of 22:4n-6 to n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) when the substrates originated from the C18 precursors. However, when the end products docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) or 22:5n-6 were expressed as the total amount in the plasma compartment divided by the dosage, this parameter was 11-fold greater for 20:5n-3 than for 18:3n-3 and 14-fold greater for 20:3n-6 than for 18:2n-6. Thus, on a per dosage basis, the total amounts of n-3 and n-6 end products accreted in plasma were considerably greater for C20 EFA precursors relative to C18.
ASTM E1989-98 — The New Instrument Control Standard:

The new ASTM E1989–98 Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS) is a robust standard definition of equipment behavior while under remote control. The goal of the standardization ...
Low-mode internal tide generation by topography: an experimental and numerical investigation

We analyse the low-mode structure of internal tides generated in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations by a two-dimensional ridge in a channel of finite depth. The height of the ridge is approximately half of the channel depth and the regimes considered span sub- to supercritical topography. For small tidal excursions, of the order of 1 % of the topographic width, our results agree well with linear theory. For larger tidal excursions, up to 15 % of the topographic width, we find that the scaled mode 1 conversion rate decreases by less than 15 %, in spite of nonlinear phenomena that break down the familiar wave-beam structure and generate harmonics and inter-harmonics. Modes two and three, however, are more strongly affected. For this topographic configuration, most of the linear baroclinic energy flux is associated with the mode 1 tide, so our experiments reveal that nonlinear behaviour does not significantly affect the barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion in this regime, which is relevant to large-scale ocean ridges. This may not be the case, however, for smaller scale ridges that generate a response dominated by higher modes.
Insects as a Model System to Understand the Evolutionary Implications of Innovation

We apply concepts from the innovation literature to observations of insect resource use and diversification. In doing so, we argue that the process that leads to innovation is key to understanding the evolutionary consequences of innovation. We review examples from insect learning, resource search, and phylogenetic patterns of host use to formulate some generalizations about innovative behavior and diversification. For instance, while search processes are likely to lead to innovations, they are also costly, suggesting there may be evolutionary cycles of generalists colonizing new environments and diversifying into specialists. In addition, patterns of diversification triggered by behavioral innovations may leave a phylogenetic signature in the form of similar resource distribution for a given resource shift. Overall, we suggest that the insect behavior literature is relevant for studies of innovation, and vice versa.
Tissue distribution of amino acid- and lipid-brevetoxins after intravenous administration to C57BL/6 mice.

Brevetoxins produced during algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia are metabolized by shellfish into reduction, oxidation, and conjugation products. Brevetoxin metabolites comprising amino acid- and lipid conjugates account for a large proportion of the toxicity associated with the consumption of toxic shellfish. However, the disposition of these brevetoxin metabolites has not been established. Using intravenous exposure to C57BL/6 mice, we investigated the disposition in the body of three radiolabeled brevetoxin metabolites. Amino acid–brevetoxin conjugates represented by S-desoxy-BTX-B2 (cysteine-BTX-B) and lipid–brevetoxin conjugates represented by N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 were compared to dihydro-BTX-B. Tissue concentration profiles were unique to each of the brevetoxin metabolites tested, with dihydro-BTX-B being widely distributed to all tissues, S-desoxy-BTX-B2 concentrated in kidney, and N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 having the highest concentrations in spleen, liver, and lung. Elimination pa...
A mismatched life in the stem cell pool.

In this issue of Blood , Kenyon and colleagues demonstrate that age-related MLH1 hypermethylation leads to DNA mismatch repair defects and microsatellite instability in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.[1][1] The relative risks for leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and some lymphoid
The Exploration on Dong Zhongshu's Philosophy Thoughts——Based on the Dimensionality of Epistemology and Methodology

Dong Zhongshu's philosophy thoughts are the official ideology of the Western Han Dynasty,which considerably impacts on the Western Han Dynasty and even on the Chinese feudal ideology and traditional culture.From the perspective of epistemology and methodology,it deconstructs five aspects,such as nature,spirit,yin and yang,human and temperament,which is based on epistemology. And it explains three points,such as principle,change and opposite and complement based on the methodology. It also dialectically interprets his ideological characteristics: coexistence of materialism and idealism and presence of metaphysics and dialectics.
Analysis of Disinfection and Sterilization Surveillance data in Medical Institutions in Tongling City in 2004～2008

Objective To analyze disinfection and sterilization quality monitoring data of medical institutions in Tongling City in 2004~2008,discover the question in the disinfection management,and provide the basis for preventing and controlling the medical source infection.MethodsAccording to the request of 2002 version " Technical Standard For Disinfection ",sampling and the laboratory examination for disinfection or sterilization articles were made in all medical institutions at various levels.Disinfection and sterilization effect was monitored.ResultsGeneral qualified rate of disinfection quality in 5 years was 84.31%.The total qualified rate had significant difference during the different year(χ2=26.57,P0.05).There were significant difference between the different monitor projects(χ2=404.63,P0.001).The total disinfection monitor qualified rate in the municipal hospital,the community and the factories and mines clinic and the individual clinic were 88.07%,83.21%,76.44% respectively.The total qualified rate had significant difference at different hospitals(χ2=42.26,P0.05).ConclusionThe Tongling hospital disinfection management also had the many problems,particularly in the community and the factory and mine,clinic and the individual clinic's.The key point was the indoor air and the ultraviolet lamp radiation intensity.
Controversies in the early detection of prostate cancer.

Fundamental issues about early detection of prostate cancer are unresolved. There is controversy over the need for early detection of prostate cancer, based on a relatively small number of lifeyears lost to prostate cancer when compared with other types of cancers. Earlier detection of prostate cancer is possible with PSA-driven strategies based on evidence that there is an interval of probably several years when the PSA is abnormal but the prostate cancer is still in the curative state. Earlier detection may only be advisable in men with risk for premature death from prostate cancer, i.e., younger men. Immediate problems in early detection of prostate cancer include, 1) An apparent indiscriminate use of PSA in all age groups; 2) Probable over treatment in some older patients; and 3) Morbidity from currently available therapies. Physician education about the use of PSA can be accomplished now. More precise characterization of the morbidity of treatment is needed; efforts to improve the quality of surgery, radiation therapy, or alternative treatments are warranted. A marvelous opportunity and challenge are presented in a disease that will become an increasingly important health care issue in our society.
Estimation and Identification of the Worldwide Demand for Acetic Acid

The purpose of this chapter is to estimate the worldwide demand for acetic acid. Identification of the demand function proceeds along two paths. First, a classical instrumental variable approach is utilized as the simultaneity of demand and supply causes prices to be endogenous. Here, I rely on exclusion restrictions to create instruments for worldwide price. Second, I use technological estimates of incremental cost for acetic acid production to construct a technological supply curve. The supply curve is used both to generate instruments for identification of the demand function, and in a simulation to demonstrate the consequences of reducing worldwide production by discretely altering the production capabilities of individual suppliers.
Programming Involving Infinitely Many Variables and Constraints

In recent years economists have been increasingly interested in problems of optimization involving unknown functions and infinite numerical sequences.2 Among obvious examples are studies related to optimal growth (with time continuous or discrete) and programming under uncertainty, but many others could easily be found.
The Diasporic Mission Code

The Korean American church has recently developed social concerns toward the outer world beyond the in-church boundary. However, the Korean American church’s socio-political prophetic participation in the outer world (e.g., the anti-war campaign, HIV/AIDS protection movement, and the anti-immigration law protest) is visibly weak. Nevertheless, compared to its socio-political activism, the evangelical mission work toward both co-ethnic groups and other ethnic groups has been strong ever since the Korean American church’s conception in America. It is no wonder then that the Diasporic Mission code has been one of the most fundamental ingredients of Korean American faith. The chapter introduces three style variations of the code: the Ironic Reverse style, the Internal Otherness style, and the Identification Partnership style.
The Female Quixote as Promoter of Social Literacy

In Charlotte Lennox’s The Female Quixote, the unruly Arabella clashes with the eighteenth century’s conception of England as an orderly, unromantic site of commercial trade. Arabella’s romances prompt her to expect certain power structures from English society; she invites others to see her body as a spectacle and expects that her actions will solidify her status as a powerful woman. Yet Lennox reveals that English society sees Arabella’s body not as powerful, but as an object upon which they may construct their own potential site for the exchange of knowledge, an objectification that neither Arabella nor Lennox are prepared to accept. I argue that Lennox teaches her reader to read English social spaces in terms of discourses of power, thereby giving women the literacy skills to read their own subjectivity according to their position in both romantic and unromantic public spaces.
Whole-mine subsidence over tabular deposits and related seismicity

Abstract The challenge of estimating mine-wide subsidence and linkages to seismicity over tabular deposits is addressed by a special finite element technique (dual node–dual mesh). Subsidence and mine-induced seismicity begins near the face when caving occurs and propagates to the surface as extraction reaches a critical extent. Thus, the challenge is to obtain details at the face at the meter scale and also at the surface over the whole mine at the kilometer scale. Interactions between old and new sections of a mine are automatically taken into account with this technique. The finite element method is well established technology based on fundamentals of physical laws, kinematics and material laws. With this technique, no empirical “scaling” or fitting computer output by input data “adjustment” to mine measurements is necessary. Capability is demonstrated for doing practical whole-mine subsidence analysis from first principles. Mine-induced seismicity is shown to correlate well with face advance and element failure.
A fundamental study of oil release mechanism in soap and non-soap thickened greases

Abstract The oil bleed behavior of lithium complex, calcium sulfonate and polyurea thickened greases have been studied. Results were interpreted within a model where the grease thickener is treated as particles suspended in a matrix of oil. There is a region surrounding the thickener particles, called the effective media, which is assumed to have completely immobilized the oil. Bleed is assumed to occur from the viscous flow of the unbound oil in a porous structure made of the effective media. Dynamic/Static light scattering (DLS/SLS) techniques were used to assess the geometry of the thickener particles. In the light of this model different bleed behaviors of the greases were explained, relating them to the geometry of the thickener particles.
Visionary planning and the Eagle Ford Shale Play: a cross-case study of rural school superintendents as sense-makers

AbstractThe decision-making processes used by superintendents in times of economic crises are well documented. Little is known about how they respond/plan in times of economic gains. The purpose of this study is to explore how superintendents respond and plan for the future amidst the changes brought about by oil and gas development of the Eagle Ford Shale (EFS) in South Central Texas. Two research questions guided this qualitative study: in what ways are rural school district superintendents sensemakers and how do they respond to the presence of the EFS Play? Three superintendent’s narratives were represented against a backdrop of structural functionalism and a model of sensemaking. Sensemaking is how the superintendents in our study explained what is going on within their school districts. Despite increased reserves and affluence two issues took precedence: school facilities/physical plants deterioration and declining academic achievement. Each superintendent leveraged the situation as a process to maxi...
Abstract 86: Hemorrhagic Complications Associated With New Oral Anticoagulant Use for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: The Impact of Combination Treatment With Clopidogrel

Background: The safety of combination treatment with new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and clopidogrel remains an issue of debate. We investigated the association of such combination therapy with major hemorrhagic complications in a real-world cohort of elderly atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting. Methods: We used a 40% random sample Medicare denominator file and corresponding inpatient, outpatient (2003-2013) and prescription (2006-2013) claims to conduct a cohort study of AF patients receiving cardiac stents, between 2006 and 2013. Cox models were employed to investigate the association of combination therapy (oral anticoagulant and an antiplatelet medication) with major hemorrhagic complications. Results: We identified 182,242 AF patients undergoing stenting (average age 73.8 years, 51.3% female). Mean follow up was 36.8 months. Current combination therapy including a NOAC was associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (HR 3.21; 95% CI 1.59-6.47), upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (HR 2.77; 95% CI 2.21-3.49), other significant hemorrhage (HR 2.87; 95% CI 2.27-3.62), or any hemorrhage (HR 2.73; 95% CI 2.31-3.21) in comparison to clopidogrel alone. The corresponding effect for combination treatment with warfarin was smaller (HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.97-2.13 for all hemorrhages). Conclusions: In a cohort of elderly AF patients undergoing PCI and stenting we identified an association of combination treatment with NOACs and antiplatelets with an increased risk of major hemorrhagic complications, in comparison to antiplatelets alone. This effect was larger than the corresponding risk associated with combination treatment including warfarin.
Nonthermal Chip Removal

The last resort in mobile forensics is the destructive chip-off process. The nonthermal chip removal procedure involves several steps. Just like a thermal removal, users must understand how to disassemble a phone and identify the target memory that needs to be removed. They must also be aware of other configurations such as the processor, package-on-package RAM, coprocessor, video memory, and other chips may need to be identified to help narrow down the location of the correct chip to pull. Users must be familiar with the manufacturers of processors versus the various flash memory types that contain the user data (evidence). Examiners also must be familiar with how to research the target memory prior to the disassembly. The memory often contains a heat shield, which will also require removal. To remove the memory, users will need to utilize one of the two main methods—milling, and lap and polishing. Both will require specialized tools and practice.
Modeling the potential health benefits of lower household air pollution after a hypothetical liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove intervention.

Introduction: Improved biomass and advanced fuel cookstoves can lower household air pollution (HAP), but levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) often remain above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended interim target of 35 μg/m3. Methods: Based on existing literature, we first estimate a range of likely levels of personal PM2.5 before and after a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention. Using simulations reflecting uncertainty in both the exposure estimates and exposure-response coefficients, we estimate corresponding expected health benefits for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults, birthweight, and pneumonia incidence among children < 2 years old. We also estimate potential avoided premature mortality among those exposed. Results: Our best estimate is that an LPG stove intervention would decrease personal PM2.5 exposure from approximately 270 μg/m3 to approximately 70 μg/m3, due to likely continued use of traditional open-fire stoves. We estimate that this decrease would lead to a 5.5 mmHg lower SBP among women over age 50, a 338 g higher birthweight, and a 37% lower incidence of severe childhood pneumonia. We estimate that decreased SBP, if sustained, would result in a 5%–10% decrease in mortality for women over age 50. We estimate that higher birthweight would reduce infant mortality by 4 to 11 deaths per 1000 births; for comparison, the current global infant mortality rate is 32/1000 live births. Reduced exposure is estimated to prevent approximately 29 cases of severe pneumonia per year per 1000 children under 2, avoiding approximately 2–3 deaths/1000 per year. However, there are large uncertainties around all these estimates due to uncertainty in both exposure estimates and in exposure-response coefficients; all health effect estimates include the null value of no benefit. Conclusions: An LPG stove intervention, while not likely to lower exposure to the WHO interim target level, is still likely to offer important health benefits.
Why librarians can’t fight fake news:

In the wake of the panic over fake news that followed the 2016 US presidential election, librarians and other information professionals are being urged to “take leadership in the current crisis” (J...
Apical Cell-Cell Adhesions Reconcile Symmetry and Asymmetry in Zebrafish Neurulation

The symmetric tissue and body plans of animals are paradoxically constructed with asymmetric cells. To understand how the yin-yang duality of symmetry and asymmetry are reconciled, we asked whether apical polarity proteins orchestrate the development of the mirror-symmetric zebrafish neural tube by hierarchically modulating apical cell-cell adhesions. We found that apical polarity proteins localize by a pioneer-intermediate-terminal order. Pioneer proteins establish the mirror symmetry of the neural rod by initiating two distinct types of apical adhesions: the parallel apical adhesions (PAAs) cohere cells of parallel orientation and the novel opposing apical adhesions (OAAs) cohere cells of opposing orientation. Subsequently, the intermediate proteins selectively augment the PAAs when the OAAs dissolve by endocytosis. Finally, terminal proteins are required to inflate the neural tube by generating osmotic pressure. Our findings suggest a general mechanism to construct mirror-symmetric tissues: tissue symmetry can be established by organizing asymmetric cells opposingly via adhesions.
Genetic Influences on Urinary Calcium Excretion

Urinary Ca is influenced by several factors including dietary intake of Ca, Na, and protein, and vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and thyroid hormone1, 2. Genetic factors are also involved, as two studies have attributed hypercalciuria to the presence of an autosomal dominant gene3, 4.
Surgery for Advanced Stage Testis Cancer

The survival of patients with advanced germ cell cancer of the testis was dismal before the advent of effective chemotherapy. Surgery still has a very important role in the cure of these patients today. The resection of large retroperitoneal metastases is one of the most challenging surgeries facing the urologist, and should probably be performed only in centers with considerable experience with this difficult operation.
Electronic Health Records and Data Quality.

Dental schools have the triple mission of educating students, treating patients, and making discoveries through research. The electronic health record (EHR) is fast becoming indispensable for fulfilling all three of these missions. The primary uses of EHRs are to document the care delivered to our
A cmap-enabled gene expression signature-matching approach identifies small-molecule inducers of accelerated cell senescence

Diverse stresses including genotoxic therapy can induce proliferating cancer cells to undergo cellular senescence and take on the characteristic phenotypes of replicative cellular aging. This accelerated or therapy-induced senescence has been alternatively proposed to contribute to therapeutic efficacy or resistance. Toward better understanding this cell state, we sought to define the core transcriptome of accelerated senescence in cancer cells. We examined senescence induced by ionizing irradiation or ectopic overexpression of the stoichiometric cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21CIP/WAF1/SDI1 in the human breast cancer cell line MCF7. While radiation produces a strong DNA damage response, ectopic expression of p21 arrests cell cycle progression independently of DNA damage. Both conditions promoted senescence within 5 days. Microarray analysis revealed 378 up- and 391 down-regulated genes that were shared between the two conditions, representing a candidate signature. Systems analysis of the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed strong signals for cell cycle control and DNA damage response pathways and predicted multiple upstream regulators previously linked to senescence. Querying the shared DEGs against the Connectivity Map (cmap) database of transcriptional responses to small molecules yielded 20 compounds that induce a similar gene expression pattern in MCF7 cells. Of 16 agents evaluated, six induced senescence on their own. Of these, the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant and the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor vorinostat did so without causing chromosomal damage. Using a systems biology approach with experimental validation, we have defined a core gene expression signature for therapy-induced senescence.
Hemisphere Disconnection Effects in Patients with Corpus Callosum Section

The data that we have to report are relevant to a very straightward question, namely: Does the anterior commissure mediate useful interhemispheric transfer of visual or tactile information? Although we have routinely tested our callosotomy patients with auditory (dichotic listening) tasks as well, the absence of unihemispheric projection of auditory information from the ears makes it difficult to evaluate conclusively the presence or absence of interhemispheric transfer via the commissures. Interhemispheric transfer can be definitively tested in visual and tactile modes, however, via lateralized tachistoscopic recognition-report and unimanual tactile naming tasks, respectively. We also present some data regarding the development of right hemisphere expressive speech capability in one of our patients and of the procedures used to affirm this capacity and to refute the hypothesis of interhemispheric transfer development following callosotomy in this patient.