cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Energies of Tilt Boundaries in Al-Pb Alloy

Energies for symmetric tilt grain boundaries in pure Al and in Al with substitutional Pb defects at coincident sites along the grain boundaries were calculated using a modified embedded atom method potential and density functional theory. The agreement between the analytic potential, the first principles calculations and experiment is reasonably good for the pure system. For the Al-Pb system both the analytic potential and first principles calculations predict that Pb segregation to the interface is energetically preferred compared to the dilute solution. The application of a disclination structural unit model to calculating grain boundary energies over the entire range of tilt angles is also explained.
Balance of Power, Bipolarity and other Models of International Systems.

The postwar years have been a period of great interest in the theory of international politics. A contributor to this Review has surveyed the state of the study of that theory and indicated the alternatives open to it. Within the last year the Institute of War and Peace Studies of Columbia University has held a series of seminars on the subject in an effort to push forward research frontiers.Interest in theory is no reflection upon the merits of scholarly endeavors that are not oriented primarily to theoretical considerations. But it does assume the independent importance of a theory of international politics. The present essay assumes the importance of theory in general, but is based upon a particular kind of theory, namely, systems theory.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Rep78 Inhibition of PKA and PRKX: Fine Mapping and Analysis of Mechanism

Hormones and neurotransmitters utilize cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways to regulate cell growth and division, differentiation, gene expression, and metabolism. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) nonstructural protein Rep78 inhibits members of the cAMP signal transduction pathway, the protein kinases PKA and PRKX. We mapped the kinase binding and inhibition domain of Rep78 for PRKX to amino acids (aa) 526 to 561 and that for PKA to aa 526 to 621. These polypeptides were as potent as full-length Rep78 in kinase inhibition, which suggests that the kinase-inhibitory domain is entirely contained in these Rep peptides. Steady-state kinetic analysis of Rep78-mediated inhibition of PKA and PRKX showed that Rep78 appears to increase the K(m) value of the peptide kinase substrate, while the maximal velocity of the reaction was unaffected. This indicates that Rep78 acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to the peptide kinase substrate. We detected homology between a cellular pseudosubstrate inhibitor of PKA, the protein kinase inhibitor PKI, and the PRKX and PKA inhibition domains of Rep78. Due to this homology and the competitive inhibition mechanism of Rep78, we propose that Rep78 inhibits PKA and PRKX kinase activity by pseudosubstrate inhibition.
The rise and fall of supervision in a project designed to strengthen supervision of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in Benin

Findings Initially, little IMCI supervision occurred. The frequency increased substantially after implementing a series of workshops, but then deteriorated. Quantitative and qualitative data revealed obstacles to supervision at multiple levels of the health system. Based on supervisors’ opinions, the main problems were: poor coordination; inadequate management skills and ineffective management teams; a lack of motivation; problems related to decentralization; health workers sometimes resisting IMCI implementation; and less priority given to IMCI supervision because of incentives for non-supervision activities, a lack of leadership, and an expectation of integrated supervision. To this list, based on our observations, we add: the increasing supervision workload, time required for non-supervision activities, project interventions not always being implemented as planned, and the loss of particularly effective supervisors. In terms of correctly completing steps of the supervision process, the quality of supervision was generally good. Conclusions Managers should monitor supervision, understand the evolving influences on supervision, and use their resources and authority to both promote supervision and remove impediments to supervision. Support from leaders can be crucial, thus donors and politicians should help make supervision a true priority. As with front-line clinicians, supervisors are health workers who need support. We emphasize the importance of research to identify effective and affordable strategies for improving supervision frequency and quality. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00510679.)
The Science of Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Scheel's critique (this issue) of the empirical support for dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) should be of considerable benefit to DBT research. Too often in the history of clinical psychology there has been an excessive embracing of a particular clinical perspective. Scheel's critique is at times itself excessive, but the need for dismantling research to pinpoint the most effective and necessary features of DBT is well established. Nevertheless, as Scheel states, “DBT should not be held to a research standard higher than other treatments for the same condition, and at this time it meets and probably exceeds those criteria.”
Stemming the Diffusion of Responsibility: A Longitudinal Case Study of America’s Chemistry Teachers

National initiatives to expand the aggregate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce reflect America’s goals to increase global competitiveness. However, the aggregation of STEM stakeholders may elicit a diffusion of responsibility because individuals assume others are already acting. Here, we perform a longitudinal case study of U.S. public school chemistry teachers to illustrate a diffusion of responsibility within the STEM community regarding who is responsible for the teacher workforce. Utilizing the 1987–2007 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) data, we determine how chemistry teacher demographics compare to other disciplines. Our results suggest that the aggregate success of STEM education initiatives may mask the need for discipline-specific reform. We describe reforms in the context of boundary objects and discuss implications for policy decisions as boundary crossings.
Public Spaces/Muslim Places: Locating Sierra Leonean Muslim Identity in Washington, D.C.

In this paper I explore the way in which Muslim space is produced in public venues to become a tangible medium through which Sierra Leonean Muslims living in Washington, D.C. reflect upon the harmonies and tensions of life in the city. I ask how secular sites such as work spaces, street corners and sidewalks are remade by a multiplicity of sanctifying patterns of action that are performed in conscious tension with the way American public spaces are normally perceived. I illustrate the complex ways that spatial practices that emplace the sacred onto mundane sites creates complex social fields in which Sierra Leoneans negotiate the social relations and practical knowledge of their world. In so doing, I show that sacred meaning and significance can coalesce in any place that becomes a site for intensive religious interpretation and thus essential locations of self-reflection and self-constitution in cities.
A multidimensional approach to an in-depth proteomics analysis of transcriptional regulators in neuroblastoma cells.

Abstract The dynamic regulation of transcriptional events is fundamental to many aspects of neuronal cell functions. However, proteomics methods have not been routinely used in global neuroproteomics analyses of transcriptional regulators because they are much less abundant than the “house-keeping” proteins in cells and tissues. Recent improvements in both biochemical preparations of nuclear proteins and detection sensitivities of proteomics technologies have made the global analysis of nuclear transcriptional regulators possible. We report here an optimised neuroproteomic method for the analysis of transcriptional regulators in the nuclear extracts of SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells by combining an improved nuclear protein extraction procedure with multidimensional peptide separation approaches. We found that rigorous removal of cytoplasmic proteins and solubilisation of DNA-associated proteins improved the number of nuclear proteins identified. Furthermore, we discovered that multidimensional peptide separations by either strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography or electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ERLIC) analysis detected more than 1800 nuclear proteins, which constitutes one of the largest datasets of nuclear proteins reported for a neuronal cell. Thus, in-depth analysis of transcriptional regulators for studying neurological diseases are increasingly feasible.
Total Evidence Or Taxonomic Congruence: Cladistics Or Consensus Classification

Abstract Miyamoto and Fitch’s (1995,Syst. Biol.44: 64–76) verificationist arguments for taxonomic congruence are evaluated and found to be unconvincing. In particular, there is no logical connection between the truth of phylogenetic hypotheses and the independence of the sets of characters analysed for their consensus. Further, the character set partitions emphasized by Miyamoto and Fitch must be considered arbitrary, because they are based on untestable process assumptions.
The kinetochore protein Bub1 participates in the DNA damage response

The DNA damage response (DDR) and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) are two critical mechanisms by which mammalian cells maintain genome stability. There is a growing body of evidence that DDR elements and SAC components crosstalk. Here we report that Bub1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1), one of the critical kinetochore proteins essential for SAC, is required for optimal DDRs. We found that knocking-down Bub1 resulted in prolonged H2AX foci and comet tail formation as well as hypersensitivity in response to ionizing radiation (IR). Further, we found that Bub1-mediated Histone H2A Threonine 121 phosphorylation was induced after IR in an ATM-dependent manner. We demonstrated that ATM phosphorylated Bub1 on serine 314 in response to DNA damage in vivo. Finally, we showed that ATM-mediated Bub1 serine 314 phosphorylation was required for IR-induced Bub1 activation and for the optimal DDR. Together, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of DNA damage-induced Bub1 activation and highlight a critical role of Bub1 in DDR.
Underreporting of anger in men on probation

ABSTRACTSelf-reports of anger in men and women who were self-referred or mandated for anger management were examined. Mandated and self-referred anger management clients completed the Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory. Probationers, overall, reported significantly less anger and more anger control than nonprobationers. Men did not report significantly less anger and more anger control than women. Significant differences among groups were largely accounted for by low reports of anger and high reports of anger control in men on probation. The authors highlight the underreporting of anger in male probationers and discuss treatment recommendations.
The future of the AP CS program

The objective of this special session is to provide an opportunity for computer science educators, at both the college and high school level, to provide input to the AP CS Development Committee as it refines the curriculum for the A course in light of the elimination of the AB exam. The input and active participation of educators attending this special session will help the members AP CS Development Committee to define a course and exam that continues to meet the high standards for teaching and learning required in the comparable college course.
Dislocation of Cataractous Lens by Enzymatic Zonulolysis: A Suggested Solution to the Problem of the 18 Million Individuals Blind From Cataracts in Third-World Countries

There are 18 million persons blind from cataracts in Third-World countries and the number is doubling every 20 to 25 years. It is impossible to cure this many blind with present sophisticated surgical techniques. Enzymatic dislocation of the cataractous lens could be performed by nonmedical personnel and the patients given inexpensive mass-produced spectacles, which could solve this tremendous problem.
Forgiveness and Health in Nonmarried Dyadic Relationships

Though transgressions among married couples have received the most attention by researchers, transgressions occur in all types of relationships in which individuals are interdependent. There are a range of physical (e.g., stress reactivity, sleep quality), mental (e.g., anxiety, depression), and relationship (e.g., satisfaction, accommodation) health benefits of forgiveness in the context of nonmarried dyadic relationships (e.g., dating relationships, friendships, work relationships). One avenue for future research would be to explore links among these three classes of health outcomes. The investment model of commitment, evolutionary theory, and attachment theory are three overarching relationship-theoretical perspectives that organize and guide present and future research in forgiveness and health within nonmarried dyadic relationships. Overall, this body of scholarship implies that physical, mental, and relationship health all are connected to forgiveness processes, and that the interrelationships among these domains may operate in parallel or at odds with each other.
APPLICATION OF THE TRUNCATED NORMAL DISTRIBUTION TECHNIQUE TO THE DERIVATION OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES

The truncated normal distribution technique is applied to the derivation of sea surface temperatures from high-resolution satellite measurements in the 11-μm window region. The purpose of this technique is to remove cloud contamination from the measurements. This procedure produces sea surface temperature maps on a mesoscale level so that a reasonably small-scaled temperature structure, such as that found in the Gulf Stream, can be determined. Because not all the cloud contamination is removed by the truncated normal distribution technique, the resulting temperature fields are modified by an error detection and correction technique. Results from both simulated and real data are presented. No attempt has been made to account for atmospheric attenuation by water vapor; therefore, the results are accurate in only a relative sense .
Acridine orange staining of purified polyoma virus.

SummaryPreparations of polyoma virus purified by CsCl isodensity centri'fugation stained yellow green at pH 3.8 with 0.01% acridine orange. Pretreatment with a proteolytic enzyme was necessary before development of the stain could be inhibited by DNAase. RNAase had no effect on similar preparations. These characteristics are consistent with the identification of the nucleic acid of polyoma virus as a double-stranded DNA.
Epictetus as socratic mentor

In Tom Wolfe's most recent novel, A Man In Full, a young Californian, down on his luck, converts a macho sixty-year old tycoon, facing financial ruin, to Stoicism. The young man, Conrad, has miraculously escaped from the Santa Rita gaol as a result of an earthquake. Shortly before, he had discovered Epictetus in a book called The Stoics, a book he had been sent mistakenly in place of a riveting thriller by his favourite author with the title, The Stoics' Game. He rapidly comes across this passage: ‘I [Zeus] gave you a portion of our divinity, a spark from our own fire, the power to act and not to act, the will to get and the will to avoid. If you pay heed to this, you will not groan, you will blame no man, you will flatter none’ (p. 398). Conrad is hooked. An innocent among a bunch of hideous felons, he asks himself: ‘What would Epictetus have done with this bunch? What could he have done? How could you apply his lessons two thousand years later, in this grimy gray pod, this pigsty full of beasts who grunted about mother-fuckin this and mother-fuckin that?’ (p. 410). Conrad memorises chunks of Epictetus. He refers a series of challenges to Zeus, overcomes a thug twice his size, and radiates Stoic strength. At the end, hired as a male nurse in Atlanta for the massive but now ailing Croker, the about-to-be ruined tycoon, Conrad tells Croker about the Stoic Zeus and Epictetus. Croker was on the point of clinching a deal that would have saved him from bankruptcy at the cost of compromising his Georgian sense of honour. Instead, he gives a press conference, disavows all interest in wealth, parrots Epictetus to the bemused Atlanta elite, and walks away from everything that had previously defined his life. At the end we learn that he has become a highly successful televangelist, with a programme called ‘The Stoic's Hour’.
Lamb production and its components in pure breeds and composite lines. II. Breed effects and heterosis.

Ewe performance was compared for five pure breeds of sheep (Finnsheep, F; Rambouillet, R; Dorset, D; Targhee, T; Suffolk, S) and the crosses in development of two maternal composite lines (C1 = 1/2F1/4R1/4D and C2 = 1/2F1/4T1/4S). The data involved 10,959 breeding season records of 4,219 ewes by 412 sires. Ewe production and the components (fertility, litter size, neonatal and preweaning lamb survival and mean lamb weaning weight) were adjusted for age and standardized across season of lambing and years. The D and F ewes produced more weight of lamb/ewe exposed than R, S and T ewes because of higher D and F fertility, higher D lamb survival and larger F litters. First cross and inter se generations of C1 and C2 ewes averaged 17 to 27% higher fertility than the parental mean. Litter size averaged about one lamb higher for F than for other pure breeds, but only slightly higher for C1 and C2 than for the mean of F and other breeds. Lower neonatal survival for F than for other breeds and crosses was associated with the larger F litters and with 2 to 8% positive heterosis in the crosses. Preweaning survival of suckled and nursery lambs was low for F and S and positive heterosis ranged from 9 to 19% in crosses. Mean lamb weaning weights were highest for S, lowest for F, with little heterosis in crosses. Crossbred ewes reared .3 to .4 more lambs than mean for parental pure breeds. Heterosis in C1 and C2 ranged from 11 to 28% for lambs born, 27 to 43% for lambs weaned and 29 to 44% for weight of lamb weaned/ewe exposed. Decline in heterosis with inter se mating of crosses was no greater than expected from the reduction in predicted heterozygosity.
ForecastICU: a prognostic decision support system for timely prediction of intensive care unit admission

We develop ForecastICU: a prognostic decision support system that monitors hospitalized patients and prompts alarms for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. ForecastICU is first trained in an offline stage by constructing a Bayesian belief system that corresponds to its belief about how trajectories of physiological data streams of the patient map to a clinical status. After that, ForecastICU monitors a new patient in real-time by observing her physiological data stream, updating its belief about her status over time, and prompting an alarm whenever its belief process hits a predefined threshold (confidence). Using a real-world dataset obtained from UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, we show that ForecastICU can predict ICU admissions 9 hours before a physician's decision (for a sensitivity of 40% and a precision of 50%). Also, ForecastICU performs consistently better than other state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms in terms of sensitivity, precision, and timeliness: it can predict ICU admissions 3 hours earlier, and offers a 7.8% gain in sensitivity and a 5.1% gain in precision compared to the best state-of-the-art algorithm. Moreover, ForecastICU offers an area under curve (AUC) gain of 22.3% compared to the Rothman index, which is the currently deployed technology in most hospital wards.
Lorenzo Oil Therapy for Adrenoleukodystrophy

Dietary therapy with glycerol trioleate and glycerol trierucate (Lorenzo oil) was tested in 108 adult patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy phenotype of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD.
Analysis of fenretinide and its metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to clinical pharmacokinetics

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide, 4-HPR) and its metabolites, 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-oxo-4-HPR) and N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR), in human plasma. Plasma samples were prepared using protein precipitation with ethanol. Chromatographic separation of the three analytes and N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-EPR), an internal standard, was achieved on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (3.5μm, 50×2.1mm) using gradient elution with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (pH* 2.4) at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry was operated in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The calibration curves obtained were linear over the concentration range of 0.2-50ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.2ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day precision was below 7.64%, and the accuracy ranged from 94.92 to 105.43%. The extraction recoveries were found to be higher than 90.39% and no matrix effect was observed. The analytes were stable for the durations of the stability studies. The validated method was successfully applied to the analyses of the pharmacokinetic study for patients treated with 4-HPR in a clinical trial.
Neighborhood Social Capital in Relation to Late HIV Diagnosis, Linkage to HIV Care, and HIV Care Engagement.

High neighborhood social capital could facilitate earlier diagnosis of HIV and higher rates of linkage and HIV care engagement. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether social capital (social cohesion, social participation, and collective engagement) in 2004/2006 was associated with lower 5-year average (2007–2011) prevalence of (a) late HIV diagnosis, (b) linked to HIV care, and (c) engaged in HIV care within Philadelphia, PA, United States. Census tracts (N = 332). Higher average neighborhood social participation was associated with higher prevalence of late HIV diagnosis (b = 1.37, se = 0.32, p < 0.001), linked to HIV care (b = 1.13, se = 0.20, p < 0.001) and lower prevalence of engaged in HIV care (b = −1.16, se = 0.30, p < 0.001). Higher collective engagement was associated with lower prevalence of linked to HIV care (b = −0.62, se = 0.32, p < 0.05).The findings of different directions of associations among social capital indicators and HIV-related outcomes underscore the need for more nuanced research on the topic that include longitudinal assessment across key populations.
Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving Lenalidomide May be Mediated By TNF-α

Background: The use of lenalidomide is expanding to include patients with refractory or relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Lenalidomide is less toxic than thalidomide, but it leads to hypothyroidism in approximately 5-10% of patients that are treated with this medication. The mechanism of lenalidomide-induced hypothyroidism is poorly understood, and it is important to better understand this phenomenon as its new applications in DLBCL portend much broader use. Methods: In this study we compared rates of therapy-induced hypothyroidism in 329 consecutive patients diagnosed with DLBCL between 2000 and 2013 who were treated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center with conventional chemotherapy (DLBCL-c) or conventional chemotherapy plus lenalidomide (DLBCL-len). No patients were excluded for any reason, and our study protocol was approved by our institutional review board. We also measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interleukin-15 (IL-15) in 27 patients before and after treatment with lenalidomide. The student’s t test and Mann-Whitney U rank sum test were used to compare continuous variables. For discrete variable comparisons the X 2 -test or Fisher’s exact test were used. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS.21 software. Results: Amongst our 298 patients with DLBCL who were not treated with lenalidomide (DLBCL-c group), the median age was 60 years (range 17-97 years) and 181 (61%) were male. Amongst our 31 patients treated with lenalidomide (DLBCL-len) the median age was 56 years (range 29-85 years) and 15 (48%) were male. A larger proportion of patients treated with lenalidomide had high-risk disease by international prognostic index (IPI) ≥3 (80.5% in the DLBCL-len group compared to 33.5% in the DLBCL-c group). In the DLBCL-c group only four patients (1.3%) developed hypothyroidism compared to eight patients (25.8%) in the DLBCL-len group (p Figure 1 ). Amongst all 27 patients treated with lenalidomide for whom serum analysis was completed, including patients who did not develop hypothyroidism, there was no significant change in pre- and post-treatment serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15 ( Figure 2 ). Conclusion: More investigation is needed to describe the mechanism of lenalidomide-induced hypothyroidism in patients with DLBCL, especially as its treatment indications expand. We found higher rates of hypothyroidism when patients with DLBCL were treated with lenalidomide in addition to standard chemotherapy, and our cytokine analysis suggests that this is mediated by TNF-α. We recommend close monitoring of thyroid function tests in patients with DLBCL treated with lenalidomide. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Feature-based respiratory motion tracking in native fluoroscopic sequences for dynamic roadmaps during minimally invasive procedures in the thorax and abdomen

Fluoroscopic image guidance for minimally invasive procedures in the thorax and abdomen suffers from respiratory and cardiac motion, which can cause severe subtraction artifacts and inaccurate image guidance. This work proposes novel techniques for respiratory motion tracking in native fluoroscopic images as well as a model based estimation of vessel deformation. This would allow compensation for respiratory motion during the procedure and therefore simplify the workflow for minimally invasive procedures such as liver embolization. The method first establishes dynamic motion models for both the contrast-enhanced vasculature and curvilinear background features based on a native (non-contrast) and a contrast-enhanced image sequence acquired prior to device manipulation, under free breathing conditions. The model of vascular motion is generated by applying the diffeomorphic demons algorithm to an automatic segmentation of the subtraction sequence. The model of curvilinear background features is based on feature tracking in the native sequence. The two models establish the relationship between the respiratory state, which is inferred from curvilinear background features, and the vascular morphology during that same respiratory state. During subsequent fluoroscopy, curvilinear feature detection is applied to determine the appropriate vessel mask to display. The result is a dynamic motioncompensated vessel mask superimposed on the fluoroscopic image. Quantitative evaluation of the proposed methods was performed using a digital 4D CT-phantom (XCAT), which provides realistic human anatomy including sophisticated respiratory and cardiac motion models. Four groups of datasets were generated, where different parameters (cycle length, maximum diaphragm motion and maximum chest expansion) were modified within each image sequence. Each group contains 4 datasets consisting of the initial native and contrast enhanced sequences as well as a sequence, where the respiratory motion is tracked. The respiratory motion tracking error was between 1.00 % and 1.09 %. The estimated dynamic vessel masks yielded a Sorensen-Dice coefficient between 0.94 and 0.96. Finally, the accuracy of the vessel contours was measured in terms of the 99th percentile of the error, which ranged between 0.64 and 0.96 mm. The presented results show that the approach is feasible for respiratory motion tracking and compensation and could therefore considerably improve the workflow of minimally invasive procedures in the thorax and abdomen
Verified Computations Using Taylor Models and Their Applications

Numerical methods assuring confidence involve the treatment of entire sets instead of mere point evaluations. We briefly review the method of interval arithmetic that is long known for rigorous, verified computations, and all operations are conducted on intervals instead of numbers. However, interval computations suffer from overestimation, the dependency problem, the dimensionality curse, and the wrapping effect, to name a few, and those difficulties often make conventional interval based verified computational methods useless for practical challenging problems.
On maps which are the identity on the boundary

Abstract The following fact seems to have been unnoticed until now: Let F be a closed subset of the (finite-dimensional) connected manifold M . If f : F → M is a proper continuous map which is the identity on the boundary ∂ F of F in M , then either f ( F ) ⊃ F or f ( F ) ⊃ M ∖ F . The proof is elementary and simple using degree theory. The statement has many deep consequences.
Abstract 18379: Association Between Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Neurological Outcome After Cardiac Arrest Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia

Introduction: Current guidelines for the management after cardiac arrest (CA) recommend to maintain partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2) at 35 to 45mmHg. However, it is still unclear if exposur...
A positive genetic correlation between hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance supports a controversial theory of heat stress

We used quantitative genetics to test a controversial theory of heat stress, in which animals overheat when the demand for oxygen exceeds the supply. This theory, referred to as oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance, predicts a positive genetic correlation between hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance. We demonstrate the first genetic correlation of this kind in a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster . Genotypes more likely to fly under hypoxic stress (12% O 2 ) were also more likely to fly under heat stress (39°C). This finding prompts new questions about mechanisms and limits of adaptation to heat stress.
Nanofluid pre-treatment, an effective strategy to improve the performance of low-salinity waterflooding

Abstract Low-salinity water (LSW) has been confirmed as a promising improved oil recovery technique. Implementing this technique, in some cases, induces fines migration and has posed great challenges on well injectivity. The aim of this work is to establish a mathematical foundation and explain the improved performance (both EOR and well injectivity) through nanofluid pre-treatment in single-layered and multi-layered heterogeneous reservoirs. We modify the fractional flow function while considering for fines straining effects in one-dimensional radial system, where fines migration varies with distance from the injection well owing to different drag forces. The interplay among nanoparticles, fines, and rocks is described through the maximum retention concentration of fine particles that depend upon both fluid quality and velocity. Our modification of the classical Buckley-Leverett theory leads to the characteristic curves along which water saturation varies. As low-salinity waterflooding continues, the induced fines migration delays the breakthrough of injected water, and bring uniform control of injected fluid entering each layer. On the other hand, fines migration may lead to the issue of well injectivity decline. Nanofluid pre-treatment can significantly mitigate fines migration near wellbore while it may occur far from the injection well. We discuss cases with different nanofluid treatment schemes prior to low-salinity waterflooding by comparing water-saturation profile, water-cut history plot, injection pressure, and oil recovery. A good agreement is obtained between semi-analytical solution and finite-difference simulation. It was observed that although nanofluid treatment slightly accelerate breakthrough of the injected water, it can help maintain long-term well injectivity and sweep efficiency. In practice, our work provides valuable insight to design of nanofluid utilization and improve efficiency of low-salinity waterflooding.
Measurement of Rotational-State Relaxation by Time-Resolved Infrared Double-Resonance Spectroscopy

Many trace species of critical importance in atmospheric processes, notably ozone and methane, can be monitored by remote sensing of their infrared absorption and emission bands. Recovery of accurate column densities and mixing ratios from field measurements requires accurate knowledge of band parameters, viz., assigned line frequencies, line intensities, and pressure-broadened linewidths. The last-named quantities are generally derived from line-broadening models which have been tested against only a limited experimental data base. We have been using time-resolved infrared double-resonance spectroscopy to measure inelastic collision rates, which are a key component of broadening models. A pulsed infrared laser is used to prepare selected rovibrational levels of the species of interest; these are probed by a tunable semiconductor diode laser which provides the resolution necessary for resolution of energy-transfer processes at the state-to-state level. Results obtained for several systems indicate that in many cases the fast-order collision models used to account for rovibrational relaxation and collision broadening are inadequate to describe the inelastic processes in detail, particularly for large J and K changes in collisions.
An examination of associations among manager-boss gender, self-awareness, and managerial derailment

Using the data of managers in the United States (N = 42,792), United Kingdom (N = 3,797), and China (N = 1,893), we examined the associations among manager-boss gender combinations, self-awareness ...
Quasi-Resonant Clocking: Continuous Voltage-Frequency Scalable Resonant Clocking System for Dynamic Voltage-Frequency Scaling Systems

This paper describes quasi-resonant-clocking (QRC), a continuos voltage-frequency scalable resonant clocking architecture capable of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). The use of runtime control by QRC is central to ensuring robust, efficient operation across variations in process, voltage, and temperature. QRC exhibits instantaneous wide-range duty-cycle control, required for a broader class of clocking applications involving large capacitive loads. Two QRC variants, $\text {QRC}_{\text {foot}}$ and $\text {QRC}_{\text {pass}}$ , are presented with test-chip measurements under DVFS operation in 65-nm CMOS. The QRC test-chip demonstrates a maximum energy reduction of 47% at 132 MHz. Across both implementations, energy measurements based on runtime DVFS in 0.7–1.2 V range indicate energy reduction in the 32%–47% range.
One False Step: Detroit, Step and Movies of Rising and Falling

Detroit and Step are two recent movies in the context of urban riots in protest of police brutality. They refer to time periods separated by half a century, but there are common themes in the two that seem appropriate to both times. The movies are not primarily concerned with the riot events, but the riot is a major motivating force in both; Detroit is pessimistic, while Step is hopeful. Together, they define alternative possibilities of African American community life. One is eternally sought, and the other is always a dreadful possibility.
The Task-Motion Kit: An Open Source, General-Purpose Task and Motion-Planning Framework

Robots require novel reasoning systems to achieve complex objectives in new environments. Daily activities in the physical world combine two types of reasoning: discrete and continuous. For example, to set the table in Figure 1, the robot must make discrete decisions about which and in what order to pick objects, and it must execute these decisions by computing continuous motions to reach objects or desired locations. Robotics has traditionally treated these issues in isolation. Reasoning about discrete events is referred to as task planning, while reasoning about and computing continuous motions is in the realm of motion planning.
Teaching Rate of Change and Problem Solving to High School Students With High Incidence Disabilities at Tier 3

Implementing an integrated sequence of concrete-representational-abstract depictions of mathematics concepts (CRA-I) can improve the mathematics achievement of students with disabilities, and expli...
Occupational lung diseases in the 21st century: the changing landscape and future challenges.

Purpose of review Occupational exposures remain an underrecognized and preventable cause of lung disease in high-income countries. The present review highlights the emergence of cleaning-related respiratory disease and the re-emergence of silicosis as examples of trends in occupational lung diseases in the 21st century. Recent findings Employment trends, such as the shift from large-scale manufacturing to a service economy, the growth of the healthcare sector, and changing consumer products have changed the spectrum of work-related lung diseases. Following decades of progress in reducing traditional hazards such as silica in U.S. workplaces, cases of advanced silicosis have recently re-emerged with the production of engineered stone countertops. With growth in the healthcare and service sectors in the United States, cleaning products have become an important cause of work-related asthma and have recently been associated with an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women. However, these occupational lung diseases largely go unrecognized by practicing clinicians. Summary The present article highlights how changes in the economy and work structure can lead to new patterns of inhalational workplace hazards and respiratory disease, including cleaning-related respiratory disease and silicosis. Pulmonary clinicians need to be able to recognize and diagnose these occupational lung diseases, which requires a high index of suspicion and a careful occupational history.
‘The majority of our people belong to the working classes’: the Ancient Order of Hibernians in the United States, c.1850–1884

The Ancient Order of Hibernians has received attention only in broad studies of class and ethnicity in various US urban centres. This article addresses the class contradictions within the Catholic ...
ESD Reviews: mechanisms, evidence, and impacts of climate tipping elements

Abstract. Increasing attention is focusing upon climate tipping elements – large-scale earth systems anticipated to respond through positive feedbacks to anthropogenic climate change by shifting towards new long-term states. In some but not all cases, such changes could produce additional greenhouse gas emissions or radiative forcing that could compound global warming. Developing greater understanding of tipping elements is important for predicting future climate risks. Here we review mechanisms, predictions, impacts, and knowledge gaps associated with ten notable climate tipping elements. We also evaluate which tipping elements are more imminent and whether shifts will likely manifest rapidly or over longer timescales. Some tipping elements are significant to future global climate and will likely affect major ecosystems, climate patterns, and/or carbon cycling within the current century. However, assessments under different emissions scenarios indicate a strong potential to reduce or avoid impacts associated with many tipping elements through climate change mitigation. Most tipping elements do not possess the potential for abrupt future change within years, and some tipping elements are perhaps more accurately termed climate feedbacks. Nevertheless, significant uncertainties remain associated with many tipping elements, highlighting an acute need for further research and modeling to better constrain risks.
Sensing Race as a Ghost Variable in Science, Technology, and Medicine:

Ghost variables are variables in program languages that do not correspond to physical entities. This special issue, based on a panel on “Race as a Ghost Variable” at the 2017 Meeting of the Society...
What are they trying to tell me? Large-scale viability of the Start, Stop, Continue teaching evaluation method

Open-ended qualitative questions aid in participatory evaluation and are alternatives to the typical student evaluation of teaching forms. One method of qualitative evaluation consists of three pro...
Pipeline embolization device for treatment of atypical facial pain caused by a cavernous sinus aneurysm

Abstract We present the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with left-sided atypical facial pain in the V1-V2 distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Further imaging workup revealed a left-sided cavernous aneurysm compressing the V1 and V2 roots of the trigeminal nerve. She was treated with endovascular flow diversion to reduce aneurysmal mass effect, and at six-month follow-up she had near-complete resolution of her pain with significant size reduction of the aneurysm. Accurate localization of a lesion along the course of the trigeminal nerve is important to elucidate the underlying cause of facial pain and therefore guide appropriate management. Cavernous sinus aneurysms resulting in trigeminal nerve compression with resulting facial pain are amenable to treatment with flow diversion with the Pipeline Embolization Device.
Differences in child physical activity levels at rural Play Streets due to activity type and sex

Children are significantly less active during summer months and rural children may face unique barriers to engaging in physical activity (PA). Play Streets is a low-cost way communities can provide safe play opportunities by activating public spaces. Four low-income rural communities received mini-grants to implement four three-hour Play Streets throughout summer 2017 for a total of 16 Play Streets. System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and iSOPARC® were used to assess PA. Chi-squared tests of homogeneity determined significant differences in the proportion of children observed as active based on sex and target area type. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine if target area characteristics (i.e., type, equipped, supervised, organized) and presence of other active children or adults increased the odds of observing a child as active. In total, 1,750 children were observed across all 16 Play Streets; roughly half of all children (48.6% of males, 48.7% of females) were observed as active. There was no significant difference in proportion of children observed as active based on sex of the child (OR=0.99, 95% CI:0.82-1.20). Significant differences in the proportion of active children were found between target area categories. Males were significantly more likely to be observed as active in areas which were equipped or organized. All children were significantly more likely to be active if there was another active child present in the same area. These results add to the growing literature surrounding successful implementation of Play Streets in rural settings, social influence, and active play.
Carbonated Water Injection and In Situ CO2 Exsolution in Oil-Wet Carbonate: A Micro-Scale Experimental Investigation

Recent advances in X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) technology have enabled investigations of multiphase flow through natural porous media at the pore scale. In this study, we probed the displaceme...
Lung Ultrasound to Diagnose Pulmonary Congestion Among Patients on Hemodialysis: Comparison of Full Versus Abbreviated Scanning Protocols.

Rationale & Objective Pulmonary congestion contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with kidney failure on hemodialysis, but physical assessment is an insensitive approach to its detection. Lung ultrasound is useful for assessing the presence and severity of pulmonary congestion, but the most widely validated 28-zone study is cumbersome. We sought to compare abbreviated 4-, 6-, and 8-zone studies to 28-zone studies. Study Design Diagnostic test study. Setting & Participants Convenience sample of 98 patients with kidney failure on hemodialysis presenting to an emergency department in the United States. Tests Compared 4-, 6-, and 8-zone lung ultrasound studies versus a 28-zone lung ultrasound. Outcome Prediction of pulmonary congestion and 30-day mortality. Results All patients completed a 28-zone lung ultrasound. Correlation coefficients (nonparametric Spearman) between each of the studies were high (all values > 0.84). Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement. Each of the short-form studies discriminated well with area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve > 0.83 for no-to-mild versus moderate-to-severe pulmonary congestion. During a median follow-up period of 778 days, 46 (47%) died. Patients with moderate-to-severe pulmonary congestion on lung ultrasound had a 30-day mortality rate similar to that observed among patients with no-to-mild pulmonary congestion (OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.70-1.29]). Limitations Single-center study conducted in an emergency care setting, convenience sample of patients, and lack of long-term follow-up data. Conclusions Among hemodialysis patients presenting to an emergency department, 4-, 6-, or 8-zone lung ultrasounds were comparable to 28-zone studies for the assessment of pulmonary congestion. The mortality rates did not differ between those with no-to-mild and moderate-to-severe pulmonary congestion.
Immy Mali: Virtual Becomings

Virtually Mine (2016) is a mixed media installation art work that, according to a sketch that the artist Immy Mali provided, comprises of “Screenshots of conversations with a lover (Mali, 2016).” T...
Incidence of central line associated bloodstream infection following central venous catheter placement in the emergency department.

Abstract Introduction Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are costly and can be lifethreatening. Many efforts have been taken to minimize the rates of infection, including sterile technique, pre-packaged sterile kits, site selection, and replacing infected or potentially infected lines. This study aims to identify the incidence of CLABSI following catheter placement in the ED, and to compare rates of CLABSI among ED and ICU placed catheters. Methods This retrospective chart review was conducted at a Level 1 Trauma Center. Eligibility criteria included patients who had CVC placed in the ED or ICU from January 1st, 2018, through July 31st, 2019 who were 18 years or older. Results Among 1810 patients with central lines, 1254 met eligibility criteria. There was no significant difference in infection rates when comparing lines placed in the ED (2.5 per 1000 catheter days, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8 to 5.8) compared to those placed in the ICU (4.6 per 1000 catheter days, 95% CI 3.0 to 6.8). The odds of CLABSI was not associated with age, sex, indication, site, location nor which type of health care professional (HCP) placed the line. Conclusions In this study, the incidence of infection was no different between lines placed in the ED compared to the ICU.