cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimally managing the history of an evolving forest

There are many applications where data to be archived have the form of an evolving forest. In this paper we address the problem of efficiently reconstructing the history of a forest evolving in time. A forest is a set of trees and at each time instant a constant number of changes occur in the forest. We propose an optimal, dynamic algorithm that reconstructs the state of any subtree in the forest at a given instant t in the past, in O(|s(t)|+loglogT) time, where |s(t)| is the cardinality of the requested subtree and T is the total length of the evolution. The space used is linear to the total number of changes that occurred during the forest's evolution. If a total of O((logT)1/c) parallel processors is available, where c is a constant (c≥1), the loglogT factor is eliminated from the previous time bound. Finally, we optimally address the following query: given a path p in the forest, find all the lifetimes of this path during the forest's evolution.
EWNI: efficient anonymization of vulnerable individuals in social networks

Social networks, patient networks, and email networks are all examples of graphs that can be studied to learn about information diffusion, community structure and different system processes; however, they are also all examples of graphs containing potentially sensitive information. While several anonymization techniques have been proposed for social network data publishing, they all apply the anonymization procedure on the entire graph. Instead, we propose a local anonymization algorithm that focuses on obscuring structurally important nodes that are not well anonymized, thereby reducing the cost of the overall anonymization procedure. Based on our experiments, we observe that we reduce the cost of anonymization by an order of magnitude while maintaining, and even improving, the accuracy of different graph centrality measures, e.g. degree and betweenness, when compared to another well known data publishing approach.
Life Course Patterns and Risky Health Behaviors in Incarcerated Women

Purpose/Aim The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the life course patterns associated with risky health behaviors in a sample of 15 incarcerated women who participated in the Life Histories of Women in Prison, 1986–1987 study. Research Questions The research questions that guided this study included: What types of life events comprised these women's lives and how did women respond to these events? In what risky behaviors had they engaged? Are there distinguishable combinations of events, their timing, and women's responses to these events that were associated with their risky health behaviors? Significance/Background Incarcerated women have long been recognized as living troubled and chaotic lives. Because they have been identified as a high-risk population with similarities to women with HIV, understanding the life patterns of incarcerated women might shed light on the factors playing a role in women's involvement in HIV-related risky behaviors. The Life Course Theory and the concept of cumulative advantage and disadvantage guided the identification of pathways to risk behaviors associated with HIV and other threats to physical and psychosocial well-being. Methods Qualitative person-centered analyses of data from questionnaires and life history interviews were conducted to examine the distinctive variations in women's lives and involved the identification of life events and risky health behaviors across the lifespan. Limitations included inability to clarify women's responses and inability to determine causal relationships. Findings All women described life events characteristic of cumulative disadvantage that began in childhood. Women who described serial/overlapping disadvantage tended to become involved in risky health behaviors during pre- or early adolescence. Those reporting isolated disadvantage were more likely to delay involvement in risky health behaviors until later in adolescence or adulthood. Discussion The findings indicate the need for early, trauma-informed interventions that incorporate women's unique experiences with and responses to physical, emotional, and psychological trauma. Such interventions might help to minimize women's involvement in risky health behaviors and improve health outcomes for women with chaotic lives. Replication of this study in other samples of women with chaotic lives will strengthen the evidence to inform the development of effective interventions.
Vegetation‐hydrology dynamics in complex terrain of semiarid areas: 2. Energy‐water controls of vegetation spatiotemporal dynamics and topographic niches of favorability

[1] Ecosystems of dry climates are a particularly interesting subject for ecohydrological studies, as water is generally considered to be the key limiting resource. This work focuses on vegetation-water-energy dynamics occurring on the complex terrain of a semiarid area characteristic of central New Mexico. The study employs a mechanistic model of coupled interactions to construct a set of numerical experiments carried out for two small-scale synthetic domains that exhibit particular hillslope curvatures. The linkages between terrain attributes and patterns of C4 grass productivity and water balance components are examined for three generic soil types. It is argued that in conditions of negligible moisture exchange, aspect and slope are the key determinants of both the hydrologic behavior and the degree of site “favorability” to vegetation. Certain topographic locations are more favorable to vegetation, as compared to a flat horizontal surface not influenced by lateral effects. These locations are associated with sites of northerly aspect with surface slopes within a narrow range of magnitudes. Contributions from both rainfall and radiation forcings are discussed to explain the existence of these topographic niches. The sensitivity of results is investigated by modifying the dominant mechanism of lateral water transfer. Two additional controlling topographic features are explored, corresponding to the contiguous and global terrain convergence levels. It is argued that their effects on vegetation-hydrology dynamics at a given location are characteristically superimposed with the impact of site-specific terrain attributes. Furthermore, the results lead to a conceptual relationship linking vegetation-hydrology quantities at different landscape locations.
TeleMídia and 3D Hypermedia Research

This paper presents the TeleMidia Laboratory, its History, Objectives, Research Lines, and current research and innovations focuses. Among these focuses the Telemidia Lab are currently working in Hypermedia and Multimedia 3D systems, with support to augmented reality.
Management of thyroid cancer: radioiodine ablation, "stunning," and treatment of thyroglobulin-positive, (131)I scan-negative patients.

ABSTRACT Objective To present an overview of three controversial issues in the management of thyroid cancer—radioiodine ablation, “stunning,” and treatment of thyroglobulin-positive, 131I scan-negative patients. Methods Pertinent studies from the literature and personal experience are reviewed. Results Radioiodine is commonly administered after thyroidectomy to destroy residual normal thyroid cells, a procedure known as thyroid ablation. Currently, use of radioiodine for ablation has been shown to decrease the risk of recurrence, increase the sensitivity of postablation whole-body scanning with radioiodine, and increase the sensitivity of serum thyroglobulin testing. With use of conventional criteria, administration of 30,000 rad to the thyroid remnant will successfully ablate approximately 95% of remnants that are 2 g or less, but the success rate is lower in patients with larger remnants. The same degree of success can be achieved by administration of 50 mCi of 131I. The use of larger amounts of radioiodine does not increase the number of patients with successful thyroid ablation. If recurrence is used as the endpoint, no difference has been observed between patients who were given 29 to 50 mCi and those given 50 to 100 mCi for ablation. Stunning occurs when 131I administered for preablation imaging causes a decrease in uptake of radioiodine subsequently given for ablation. Scanning doses of 2 mCi or less have not been shown to cause stunning, but the risk increases progressively with larger amounts. Therapeutic radioiodine is being given to patients with detectable thy- roglobulin but negative 131I whole-body scans with increasing frequency. Although posttherapy scans show abnormal uptake in most cases, no available evidence indicates that these patients benefit from treatment. Conclusion Radioiodine ablation after thyroidectomy decreases the risk of recurrent thyroid cancer and facilitates subsequent radioiodine treatment. Stunning can be avoided by use of a maximal scanning dose of 2 mCi. It seems reasonable to treat patients who have progressively increasing thyroglobulin levels but to continue careful observation in those with stable or decreasing thyroglobu- lin concentrations. (Endocr Pract. 2000;6:401-406)
Long-lasting alterations in behavior and brain neurochemistry following continuous low-level LSD administration.

Groups of rats were administered either 80 μg LSD-25 continuously over seven days using subcutaneous minipumps, or were given the same total amount of drug in seven daily injections, or were administered vehicle. When tested long after cessation of drug administration, persisting alterations in behavior and brain were found in the continuous LSD groups. In social open-field tests, this consisted of decreased social distance between animals; this effect increased upon repeated testing. In uptake of labelled ligands, this was reflected predominantly by decreased 3H-LSD binding in several limbic regions. LSD appears to have especially persisting neurotoxic effects when administered in a continuous, low-level fashion.
Host age and host selection by Trichogramma nubilale.

Selection byTrichogramma nubilale (Ertle & Davis) for different aged egg masses ofOstrinia nubilalis (Hubner) was examined by separating components of parasitism. FemaleT. nubilale were exposed to egg masses of 2 different ages (freshly laid egg masses versus 1, 2, 3 or 4 day old egg masses), and the age of the initial egg mass inspected, number and percent of eggs and egg masses parasitized, and the emergence rate of pharate parasitoids was recorded. When there was a large difference in age between young and old egg masses, ♀♀ inspected initially more young egg masses (>2 days difference), parasitized a greater percent of young egg masses (>2 days difference), and parasitized more eggs/parasitized egg mass in young egg masses (>3 days difference) than old egg masses. Females did not discriminate between host age when hosts were similar in age. Successful emergence of parasitoids was greater from younger eggs than older eggs, although emergence was better from one-day-old eggs than from fresh eggs. These results imply that when the hosts were sufficiently different in age, ♀♀ were attracted to younger egg masses more than older egg masses, and they tended to remain ovipositing for longer periods of time on younger egg masses than older egg masses. Moreover, ♀♀ appeared to prefer to oviposit in hosts in which their young are more likely to complete development.
Distribution of imino acids in Ptelea and their probable ecological significance

Abstract Seed and leaf extracts of 124 populations of all three species of Ptelea were analysed by paper chromatography and high voltage electrophoresis for their imino acids. Proline and pipecolic acid were found to have a wide distribution in the genus with high concentrations of both imino acids restricted to the xeric forms. The ecological significance is discussed.
Textual data mining of service center call records

In this project, w e dev eloped a technique for extracting useful information from databases that contain both xedformat and free-text elds. The present state of the art in data mining is a schism betw een tec hniques that handle only xed-format data (pattern recognition, classi cation algorithms from machine learning), and techniques designed for free-form text (information retrieval). Advanced knowledge disco very technologies ha ve been developed in both research areas, but systems that can categorize or cluster records containing both kinds of data are still lacking. Speci cally, we examined database records from a Honeywell service cen ter to extract information about the expected cost of di erent kinds of service requests. Our goal was to test the h ypothesis that incorporating information from free-text elds would provide a better categorization of these records; in this case, better predictions of the cost of the service call. In our w ork, we have integrated feature extraction and clustering techniques from information retrieval with classi cation algorithms from machine learning in order to categorize the hybrid elds. Our preliminary results suggested that incorporating free-form text could potentially induce better classi cation models.
Unified description of floppy and rigid rotating Wigner molecules formed in quantum dots

School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430(Dated: 18 November 2003)Restoration of broken circular symmetry is used to explore the characteristics of the groundstates and the excitation spectra of rotating Wigner molecules (RWM’s) formed in two-dimensionalparabolic N-electron quantum dots. In high magnetic ﬁelds, the RWM’s are ﬂoppy rotors with theenergies of the magic angular momentum (L) states obeying aL + b/L
Measuring years of inactivity, years in retirement, time to retirement, and age at retirement within the Markov model

Retirement-related concepts are treated as random variables within Markov process models that capture multiple labor force entries and exits. The expected number of years spent outside of the labor force, expected years in retirement, and expected age at retirement are computed—all of which are of immense policy interest but have been heretofore reported with less precisely measured proxies. Expected age at retirement varies directly with a person’s age; but even younger people can expect to retire at ages substantially older than those commonly associated with retirement, such as age 60, 62, or 65. Between 1970 and 2003, men allocated most of their increase in life expectancy to increased time in retirement, but women allocated most of their increased life expectancy to labor force activity. Although people can exit and reenter the labor force at older ages, most 65-year-old men who are active in the labor force will not reenter after they eventually exit. At age 65, the probability that those who are inactive will reenter the labor force at some future time is .38 for men and .27 for women. Life expectancy at exact ages is decomposed into the sum of the expected time spent active and inactive in the labor force, and also as the sum of the expected time to labor force separation and time in retirement.
Ice flow at low deviatoric stress

The effective viscosity of ice depends upon many factors, including temperature, deviatoric stress, crystal orientation and impurities. A flow law that includes these factors and is simple to implement is a requirement for numerically efficient ice-flow models. The dominant microscale flow mechanism changes as temperature, deviatoric stress or grain-size changes. For both anisotropic and isotropic constitutive relations, this shift in dominant flow mechanism is expressed as a change in the stress exponent. We study the effects of this shift in stress exponent on ice flow using a two-term flow law for isotropic ice. Our stress–strain-rate relationship does not explicitly describe the microscale processes of ice deformation; however, it encompasses a range of deformation behaviors with a simple law. In terrestrial ice, a flow-mechanism shift may occur in low-deviatoric-stress regions near ice divides, resulting in a near-linear constitutive relationship for ice flow. Compared to a non-linear (Glen) divide, a divide dominated by a near-linear flow mechanism has vertical-velocity profiles that are similar at divide and flank sites, internal layers that do not develop a Raymond bump, and a steady-state surface profile that is more rounded near the divide.
Safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Many of the MR examinations performed in the world each year are accompanied by administration of one of these frequently used intravenous contrast agents: Magnevist, Omniscan, and ProHance. Accordingly, MR practitioners must understand the basic pharmacokinetics, side effects, and the potential for adverse events for these contrast agents. Additionally, MR practitioners must know how to manage side effects and adverse events that may occur in association with the administration of contrast agents. Notably, the use of MR imaging contrast agents in special patient populations must be understood. This article discusses each of these important issues.
U-Pb dating of major and accessory minerals formed during metamorphism and deformation of metapelites

Abstract U-Pb isotope analyses on major and accessory minerals from pelitic schists in of southwestern Connecticut are used to date metamorphism and deformation. Most of the major minerals have 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios less than 100. However, U-Pb mineral isochron and mineral-whole rock isochrons, constructed using aliquots of the same mineral, yield concordant ages with uncertainties as low as 5 Ma. Staurolite, kyanite, and garnet are older than metamorphic monazites and zircons. These data are summarized below: 5 . mineral 206 Pb/ 204 Pb System The Straits Schist Trap Falls Fm. monazite, zircon — 207 Pb- 206 Pb 379–384 Ma 380 ± 2 Ma staurolite 48–623 238 U- 206 Pb 394–400 Ma 398 ± 5 Ma garnet 22–46 238 U- 206 Pb 383 Ma 414 ± 10 Ma 235 U- 207 Pb 418 Ma — 207 Pb- 206 Pb 623 Ma — kyanite 21–27 238 U- 206 Pb 399 Ma — chlorite, anatase, ilmenite 20–27 238 U- 206 Pb 350–370 Ma — apatite, quartz, Kspar 18–19 — — Transposed pegmatitic intrusions in The Straits Schist yield monazites with U-Pb ages analytically indistinguishable from those of metamorphic monazites and zircons in the schists. Growth of monazite and zircon in the schists may be related to high- T fluid influx associated with pegmatite intrusion. Age discordance in the garnets from The Straits Schist is most consistent with continuous loss of intermediate daughter products of the 238 U decay chain from about 420 Ma to 380 Ma. Garnets from the adjacent Trap Falls Formation do not display this behavior.
Sex Differences in Maasai Cognition of Personality and Social Identity

Maasai women and men are compared with respect to their classifications of personality descriptors modifying social identity terms. Substantial sex differences are found and are interpreted in terms of Maasai culture and social organization. These findings are integrated with a theory of cognitive variability based on notions of markedness. [psychological anthropology, personality, sex differences, perception, Maasai]
Distribution system modeling using CYMDIST for study of high penetration of distributed solar photovoltaics

This paper discusses the detailed procedure for automated construction of a distribution system model using CYMDIST. Information about the distribution system equipments and lines is provided in geographic information system (GIS) data, and load and PV data is obtained by advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Based on the given data, step by step method to construct the distribution system model is described. The model constructed includes single phase loads, high penetration of single phase solar photovoltaics (PV), and two large three-phase PV. CYMDIST has the ability to execute the three phase unbalanced power flow analysis on the model. Analysis results with and without PV in terms of voltage profiles, KW profiles and KVAR profiles are presented, in order to investigate the impact of high penetration of distributed solar photovoltaics.
Cardiovirulence Determinants among Naturally-Occurring Isolates of Coxsackievirus B3 Reside within the 5′ Nontranslated Region

Cardiovirulence Determinants among Naturally-Occurring Isolates of Coxsackievirus B3 Reside within the 5′ Nontranslated Region
Application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer to the GroEL-GroES chaperonin reaction.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a sensitive and flexible method for studying protein-protein interactions. Here it is applied to the GroEL-GroES chaperonin system to examine the ATP-driven dynamics that underlie protein folding by this chaperone. Relying on the known structures of GroEL and GroES, sites for attachment of fluorescent probes are designed into the sequence of both proteins. Because these sites are brought close in space when GroEL and GroES form a complex, excitation energy can pass from a donor to an acceptor chromophore by FRET. While in ideal circumstances FRET can be used to measure distances, significant population heterogeneity in the donor-to-acceptor distances in the GroEL-GroES complex makes distance determination difficult. This is due to incomplete labeling of these large, oligomeric proteins and to their rotational symmetry. It is shown, however, that FRET can still be used to follow protein-protein interaction dynamics even in a case such as this, where distance measurements are either not practical or not meaningful. In this way, the FRET signal is used as a simple proximity sensor to score the interaction between GroEL and GroES. Similarly, FRET can also be used to follow interactions between GroEL and a fluorescently labeled substrate polypeptide. Thus, while knowledge of molecular structure aids enormously in the design of FRET experiments, structural information is not necessarily required if the aim is to measure the thermodynamics or kinetics of a protein interaction event by following changes in the binding proximity of two components.
Sample extraction techniques for enhanced proteomic analysis of plant tissues

Major improvements in proteomic techniques in recent years have led to an increase in their application in all biological fields, including plant sciences. For all proteomic approaches, protein extraction and sample preparation are of utmost importance for optimal results; however, extraction of proteins from plant tissues represents a great challenge. Plant tissues usually contain relatively low amounts of proteins and high concentrations of proteases and compounds that potentially can limit tissue disintegration and interfere with subsequent protein separation and identification. An effective protein extraction protocol must also be adaptable to the great variation in the sets of secondary metabolites and potentially contaminating compounds that occurs between tissues (e.g., leaves, roots, fruit, seeds and stems) and between species. Here we present two basic protein extraction protocols that have successfully been used with diverse plant tissues, including recalcitrant tissues. The first method is based on phenol extraction coupled with ammonium acetate precipitation, and the second is based on trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. Both extraction protocols can be completed within 2 d.
Ranking and Selection Techniques with Overlapping Variance Estimators for Simulations

Abstract Some ranking and selection (R&S) procedures for steady-state simulation require estimates of the asymptotic variance parameter of each system to guarantee a certain probability of correct selection. In this paper, we show that the performance of such R&S procedures depends highly on the quality of the variance estimates that are used. In fact, we study the performance of R&S procedures using three new variance estimators—overlapping area, overlapping Cramer–von Mises, and overlapping modified jackknifed Durbin–Watson estimators—that show better long-run performance than other estimators previously used in conjunction with R&S procedures for steady-state simulations.
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Low Molecular Weight Degradation Products of Fibrinogen

Summary. The inhibitory effect of low molecular weight degradation products of fibrinogen (peptides) on in vitro platelet aggregation has been studied quantitatively. In our test system (0.3 μm ADP at 25°C) only concentrations higher than 0.65 mg/ml showed significant inhibitory activity. The higher concentrations of peptides also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline, collagen and thrombin. Ultrafiltrates of plasma from patients receiving streptokinase showed no increase in inhibition of platelet aggregation as compared with pretreatment samples. This supports the idea that the peptides produced by streptokinase-induced fibrinogcnolysis exert a quantitatively weak effect. Peptides produced by digestion of serum with trypsin showed inhibitory activity similar to that of the peptides produced by digestion of fibrinogen with plasmin, indicating that the inhibitory effect is unspccific as far as the protein source and the acting enzyme are concerned. Some specificity may exist, however, related to size and/or charge of the peptides, as suggested by the present experiments. These data do not support the view that the low molecular weight degradation products of fibrinogen significantly impair platelet aggregation in the fibrinolytic states.
Sanctifying Work: Effects on Satisfaction, Commitment, and Intent to Leave

Sanctification involves perceiving objects or events: (a) theistically by viewing them as having spiritual significance, or (b) nontheistically by viewing them as extraordinary and worthy of veneration and respect without any reference to a higher being. Previous research has found positive outcomes associated with sanctification, including increased satisfaction with marriage (Mahoney et al., 1999), body image (Mahoney, Carels, et al., 2005) and sexual intercourse (Murray-Swank, Pargament, & Mahoney, 2002) to name a few. This study extends these findings into the world of work by demonstrating that those who sanctify their jobs are more satisfied, more committed to their organization, and at the same time less likely to intend to leave.
Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education and ICG Information Centres affiliated to the United Nations

Based on resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education were established in India, Morocco, Nigeria, Brazil and Mexico. Simultaneously, education curricula were developed for the core disciplines of remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, and space and atmospheric science. This paper provides a brief summary on the status of the operation of the regional centres with a view to use them as information centres of the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG), and draws attention to their educational activities.
No longer the lonely species: a post‐mead perspective on animals and sociology

Society’s relations to animals pose possible blind spots in sociological theory that may be revealed and illuminated by studying systems of human‐animal interaction. By investigating whether and how animals enter into key processes that shape self and society we may determine the ways in which animals might be included in the core subject matter of sociology. An earlier discussion of the role of animals in sociology initiated by Weber is reviewed. Issues that debate raised about the extent of linguistically‐mediated human‐animal intersubjectivity are updated. It is in principle difficult to rule out animal languages, and some animals have acquired human language. But sociology may follow a more fecund empirical route by examining successful human‐animal performances produced by enduring interspecies relationships. Following this route, this paper specifically argues that the human self should be seen to take root in the available mixed species community. To show this, the work of G.H. Mead is revisited and corrected in light of recent work on early human development, and conceptual analyses of language, the body, and the self. The formation of the self is not dependent on only linguistic exchanges; a nonverbal nonhuman other can contribute to the self‐reflective sense of being a human self. Based on this reasoning, examples of studies of humans with wild and domestic animals illustrate the potential for a human‐animal sociology.
Expansion of emergency medicine's responsibilities for preclinical education of medical students

Many medical schools have required emergency medicine courses for freshmen medical students, usually through participation in BLS (basic life support) or EMT activities. For several years students at our institution have participated in a required emergency medical technician-ambulance grade (EMT-A) course. While retaining much of the material presented in that original EMT-A course, the course has now been expanded to serve as the medical students' introduction to clinical medicine. This expansion resulted from the belief that emergency medicine provides initial patient contact in the presence of a faculty uniquely suited to introduce the broad domain of clinical medicine to the medical student. Emergency physicians, more than any other specialists, must possess the ability to obtain an incisive history promptly, perform an accurate physical examination, and arrive at an assessment with limited laboratory and radiologic data. Initial access to the clinical education of medical students provides the opportunity to direct their efforts in a prioritized fashion, and thus helps to organize their thought processes for further development as clinicians. Departments of emergency medicine should be willing to accept this incremental responsibility for the introduction of the medical student to the clinical and laboratory assessment of patients.
Anacidity and gastritis associated with gastric carcinoma

1. In 48 cases of gastric carcinoma the uninvaded gastric mucosa was studied gastroscopically. In most cases a microscopic check of the gastroscopic findings became possible. An attempt was made to compare the findings with the secretion of acid. 2. Although chronic gastritis was found definitely in 38 cases, there were 4 cases in which a normal mucosa was found together with anacidity. These 4 cases indicate that chronic gastritis is not always the cause of anacidity in a stomach invaded by carcinoma.
The lung mucosa : a critical environmental battleground

The entirety of the lung mucous membrane and epithelial surface are exposed to the environment; react to noxious environmental gases, vapors, and particles; and are under physiologic and humoral mediator control. In recent years much information has been gained regarding the mucous membrane of the tracheobronchial tree, its physiology, and its reaction to environmental hazards. The pharmacologic control of secretion, ciliary beat rate, and net mucus flow governs both the clearance of mucus and the clearance of particles. The physiologic factors that govern this clearance mechanism can be influenced by pharmacologic agents in patients with lung disease and presumably also in patients with purely environmental injury. The effects of ozone on lung function, lung compliance, and airway resistance have been well documented in adults and children. Environmental ozone also alters mucous membrane function, increasing mucociliary secretion rate and peripheral lung clearance. The speed-up in clearance implies an increase in mucous gland secretion, which may act unfavorably when ciliary beat is damaged, glandular hypertrophy is present, or flow-limiting segments exist, as is usually the case in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, whereas the consequences of ozone may be modest for a normal, healthy individual, they presumably increase hazards for the individual with lung disease or damage. For this reason, efforts should be made to control or limit damage by ozone or other environmental inhalants in such individuals. This goal may be facilitated by a wider knowledge of the pharmacologic control of the mucous membrane.
Transonic aeroelastic models of highly swept hypersonic lifting surfaces

Transonic aeroelastic wind-tunnel models simulating geometric and dynamic properties of lightweight, highly swept hypersonic lifting surfaces have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The aeroelastic model designs were consistent with preliminary designs of lifting surfaces for single-stage-to-orbit vehicles. The models were tested in the NASA Langley Research Center's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. This article summarizes the design and tests conducted for each of the two models. Wind-tunnel test results are presented showing aeroelastic instability boundaries. Aeroelastic analyses, conducted for correlation with wind-tunnel results, are also presented.
Production of N2O by ammonia oxidizing bacteria at subfreezing temperatures as a model for assessing the N2O anomalies in the vostok ice core

It was suggested that the abnormally high N 2 O values found in 130,000–160,000 year-old Vostok ice core samples, characterized by high δ 15 N and low δ 18 O values, resulted from in situ microbial N 2 O production. To substantiate these observations we obtained new geochemical data from the last glacial period and showed the existence of additional small N 2 O anomalies. To test the hypothesis that microbial metabolism could contribute to these anomalies, we developed protocols for examining the ability of Nitrosomonas cryotolerans cells to produce N 2 O at subfreezing temperatures. Our results show that these model, frozen cultures produce N 2 O at temperatures as low as −32°C.
A Mixed-TEHD Model for Journal-Bearing Conformal Contact—Part II: Contact, Film Thickness, and Performance Analyses

Investigation of the mixed lubrication of journal-bearing conformal contacts is very important for failure prevention and design improvement. This paper studies the asperity contact in heavily loaded journal bearings with Lee and Ren's asperity contact theory in a newly developed mixed-TEHD (Thermal Elasto-Hydro-Dynamic) model and analyzes the performance of simulated journal bearings under high eccentricity ratios. The effects of operating conditions, bearing structures, and thermal conditions on the contact severity were numerically investigated. The results indicate that the asperity contact pressure and the performance of journal bearings in the mixed lubrication are strongly affected by the geometric design and the thermal-elastic deformations. The heat transfer of the bearing-lubricant-journal system was also shown to play a role.
Ingestion and retention of Chroomonas spp. (Cryptophyceae) by Gymnodinium acidotum (Dinophyceae)

Gymnodinium acidotum Nygaard, a blue-green dinoflagellate previously shown to contain cryptophycean chloroplasts and other organelles, was observed from water and soil samples and in culture. The dinoflagellate excysts from soil samples as a mononucleated colorless cell that is positively phototactic. Colorless cells in unialgal culture remain colorless and can only be maintained less than one week whereas pigmented cells cultured unialgally grow for 10 days but then decline rapidly. Colorless cells cultured with Chroomonas spp. regain chloroplasts and have been maintained in mixed cultures for nine months. Fifty-seven percent of the dinoflagellates from mixed cultures are bi-nucleated, and three cells have been observed possibly ingesting cryptophytes. We suggest that cryptophycean chloroplasts are retained and possibly utilized by G. acidotum for at least ten days and then digested.
Middle ear hemangioma: A novel treatment for a rare problem

Summary Hemangiomas and other vascular lesions are common in the head and neck in children. Multiple areas of involvement have been reported, but only 12 cases of middle ear involvement have been reported in the English literature [P.J. Hsueh, W.Y. Chen, Y.C. Chiang, F.P. Lee, Capillary hemangioma of the middle ear, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 136 (4) (2007) 666–667]. This case describes the presentation and novel treatment of a middle ear hemangioma using a CO 2 laser assisted excision.
10 nm RecA protein filaments formed in the presence of Mg2+ and ATPγS may contain RNA

Filaments formed by the polymerization of RecA protein along DNA in the presence of Mg2+ and adenosine 5′-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPγS) are seen by electron microscopy to have a 10 nm diameter with a 9 nm helical repeat. When certain preparations of apparently pure RecA protein are incubated with Mg2+ and ATPγS in the absence of nucleic acid for extended times, very long filaments with the same 10 nm diameter and 9 nm axial repeat are seen. We show here that these long 10 nm filaments can contain RNA which is present as a contaminant of the RecA protein and poly(A) which is synthesized during the incubations by an activity that is apparently polynucleotide phosphorylase. RecA protein purified by a procedure developed in this laboratory did not contain RNA and did not form these very long 10 nm filaments. However, when exogenous RNA was added to this protein, 10 nm filament formation was observed.
Method of determining strength of green refractories

We designed and built an attachment for apparatus of the level type for determining the strength of the edges of unfired ceramic specimens under compression and shear.
THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A FREE WINE TASTING: THE EFFECT OF A TASTING FEE ON OBLIGATION TO BUY

Building on reciprocity theory, the current study suggests that, at least to some extent, consumers purchase goods and services in response to sampling due to a perceived need to reciprocate for trying the products/services. In addition, the study explores the effect of charging for sampling (i.e., wine tasting) on tourist behavior. The sample (N = 357) was drawn from visitors to six wineries in an emerging wine region. Three of the sampled wineries charged a small fee for tasting, while the other three wineries offered complimentary wine tasting. The study examined whether differences exist in a perceived need to buy wine between visitors who paid a tasting fee and those who tasted wine for free. The results indicated that visitors who had complimentary wine tasting spent significantly more money at the wineries than visitors who paid a fee for tasting. Furthermore, visitors who tasted wine for free felt significantly more appreciative of the personnel than did visitors who paid a tasting fee. Also, vi...
Transfer of cultured bovine embryos

Abstract A total of 126 bovine embryos were surgically collected from 16 superovulated donor heifers 5 days after estrus and randomly selected for either immediate transfer to synchronized recipients or in vitro culture at 37°C for 24 hours and subsequent transfer. Twenty-four of 56 (42.8%) embryos maintained for 24 hours in Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 10% heat treated fetal calf serum (HTFCS) and transferred to 32 recipients produced live calves. Survival of 70 noncultured embryos transferred to 35 recipients was 55.7% (39 calves). The percentages of recipients that were diagnosed pregnant at 42 days with cultured and control embryos were 59.4% ( 19 32 ) and 74.3% ( 26 35 ), respectively. No statistical difference was observed between the in vitro cultured and control embryos for viability following transfer to recipient females. In a second study, Day 7 embryos maintained in Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 10% HTFC serum for various culture periods were tested for viability following nonsurgical transfer to recipient females. A total of 1 5 , 1 3 and 0 4 embryos cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, resulted in pregnant recipients following transfer.
393. Non-Viral Gene Transfer Using the Sleeping Beauty Transposon for Long-Term Gene Expression in the CNS of Neonatal Mice

Top of pageAbstract Non-viral gene transfer might possibly treat enzyme deficiencies affecting the brain, due to secretion of the missing enzyme and metabolic cross correction. However, non-viral vectors generally suffer from poor gene transfer efficiency and transient gene expression. To overcome this limitation we used the Sleeping Beauty transposable element to achieve chromosomal integration and long- term expression of the luciferase reporter gene, and mannitol to increase gene delivery efficiency. Newborn mice were injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle with luciferase-transposon DNA conjugated with polyethylenimine (PEI) gene transfer reagent, with or without co-administration of SB-encoding DNA. In a second study, mannitol was administered intraperitoneally to newborn mice one hour before DNA administration. The brains were removed and assayed for luciferase activity (relative light units or RLUs). Animals injected with mannitol one hour before DNA/PEI injection revealed significantly higher luciferase expression at forty-eight hours than without mannitol (Figs 1; p<0.05). Animals that received SB- encoding DNA showed significantly higher luciferase expression one month after injection than animals without SB (Figs 1; p<0.05). Maximum long-term expression at one month was achieved when mannitol was administered prior to gene delivery with SB-encoding DNA to cause integration of the luciferase transgene (Figs 1; average of 167,990 RLUs). These results demonstrate that mannitol pre- treatment combined with SB-mediated gene transfer achieves significant levels of long-term gene expression in the mammalian brain. Full figure (132K) Full figure (132K)
Microcytic anemia secondary to intraperitoneal aluminum in normal and uremic rats.

Microcytic anemia secondary to intraperitoneal aluminum in normal and uremic rats. Dialysis patients exposed to high aluminum (Al) dialysate develop a microcytic anemia which is reversed by deionization (DI) of the dialysate. Because DI removes substances in addition to Al which are known to cause anemia, these experiments were undertaken to determine if Al causes anemia and if the anemia of uremia can be enhanced by Al. Four groups of rats were studied: sham control (A) N=6; uremic control (B) N=6; Al-loaded non-uremic (C) N=7; and Al-loaded uremic (D) N=5. Aluminum treatment was 1 mg Al intraperitoneally daily for 6 weeks. Uremic rats (B + D) were 1 5/6 nephrectomized; non-uremic (A + C) were sham-operated. Blood samples (200 µl) were obtained prior to (C 1 ) and weekly during treatment (T 1 to T 6 ) and analyzed by Coulter Counter. No significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), or mean cell volume (MCV) was noted at C 1 . At T 3 , MCV of Al-treated rats (C + D) was significantly less than sham control (A) (55.1 ± 0.5 and 53.0 ± 0.8 vs. 60.8 ± 1.5 µ 3 , P 6 , MCV, Hb, and Hct of Al-loaded uremic rats (D) (49 ± 0.5 µ 3 ; 11.8 ± 0.5 g/dl; 25.1 ± 2%) were significantly less than both A (58.6 ± 1.3 µ 3 ; 16.1 ± 0.4 g/dl; 44.8 ± 0.3%) and B (58.7 ± 1.4 µ 3 ; 13.8 ± 0.4 g/dl; 33.6 ± 0.5%) (P 3 ; 12.6 ± 0.3 g/dl; 29.4 ± 1.5%) was significantly less than A (P Anemie microcytaire secondaire a l'aluminium intraperitoneal chez des rats normaux et uremiques. La dialyse de malades exposes a un dialysat contenant un aliminium eleve (Al) entraine une anemie microcytaire reversible par desionisation (DI) du dialysat. Parce que DI enleve en plus de l'Al des substances connues pour entrainer une anemie, ces experiences ont ete entreprises pour determiner si Al entraine une anemie et si l'anemie de l'uremie peut etre majoree par Al. Quatre groupes de rats ont ete etudies: des controles simulacres (A) N=6; des controles uremiques (B) N=6; des non uremiques surcharges en Al (C) N=7; et des uremiques surcharges en Al (D) N=5. Le traitement par l'aluminium comportait 1 mg Al par voie intraperitoneale chaque jour pendant 6 semaines. Les rats uremiques (B + D) etaient nephrectomises aux 5/6 emes; les non uremiques (A + C) avaient subi un simulacre d'operation. Du sang (200 µl) a ete obtenu avant (C 1 ) et a chaque semaine de traitement (T 1 a T 6 ), et analyse avec un Coulter Counter. Aucune difference significative dans l'hemoglobine (Hb), l'hematocrite (Hct), ou le volume cellulaire moyen (MCV) n'a ete notee a C 1 . A T 3 , MCV de tous les rats traites par l'Al (C + D) etait significativement moindre que chez les simulacres controles (A) (55,1 ± 0.5 et 53,0 ± 0.8 contre 60,8 ± 1,5 µ 3 , P 6 , MCV, Hb, et Hct des rats uremiques surcharges en Al (D) (49 + 0,5 µ 3 ; 11,8 ± 0,5 g/dl); 25,1 ± 2%) etaient significativement moindres que chez A (58,6 ± 1,3 µ 3 ; 16,1 ± 0,4 g/dl; 44,8 ± 0,3%) et B (58,7 ± 1,4 µ 3 : 13,8 ± 0,4 g/dl; 33,6 + 0,5%) (P 3 ; 12,6 ± 0.3 g/dl; 29,4 ± 1.5%) etaient significativement plus faibles que chez A (P
Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation

(1987). Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation. Journal of Asthma: Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 311-311.
Characterization and experimental transmission of an oncogenic papillomavirus in female macaques

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women worldwide, yet few suitable animal models currently exist for study of this disease. Virtually all cases of cervical cancer in women are caused by specific types of genital human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we investigated naturally occurring genital PVs in female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) without breeding contact for at least 3.5 years. Exfoliated cervicovaginal cells from 19 of 54 animals tested positive for at least one PV. Seven different PVs were identified, including four novel genotypes and two genotypes (RhPV-d and RhPV-a) previously identified in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Four PV types were associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which resembled human CIN by endoscopy, cervical cytology, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The presence of CIN was highly associated with PV infection (P < 0.0001). The most prevalent virus type was RhPV-d, which was identified in 60% of animals with CIN. An RhPV-d genome sequenced from a high-grade CIN lesion was found to be phylogenetically related to the highly oncogenic HPV16. Transfer of cervical cytobrush samples from donor animals naturally carrying RhPV-d resulted in new infections in 4 of 12 previously virus-free animals and abnormal cytology and histology in 1 of 4 infected animals after 18 weeks of infection. Experimental transmission was confirmed by E1^E4 reverse transcription-PCR products and RhPV-d sequence identity with the donor variant. These findings identify key similarities between macaque and human oncogenic PVs which should prove useful in the study of viral persistence, carcinogenesis, and therapeutic development.
The Use of Varying Levels of Pepsin for Pepsin Digestion Studies with Animal Proteins

Abstract Nine meat and bone meals were digested with a .002%, .02%, and .2% pepsin-HCl solution and six feather meals were digested with .002%, .2%, and 2% pepsin-HCl for a 16-hr period. An acid blank value for the meals was determined from digestible nitrogen with .075 N HC1. The meat and bone meals ranged from 90.03% to 94.09% pepsin digestible nitrogen (PDN) under the standard AOAC (1975) procedure with .2% pepsin and not subtracting the HC1 digestible nitrogen from the total digestible nitrogen. The same meat and bone meals digested with .002% pepsin and correcting the value with an acid blank ranged from 60 to 81.95 PDN. Feather meals digested with .2% pepsin ranged from 66.15 to 79.92 PDN (corrected with acid blank) compared to 12.5 to 34.93 PDN for feather meals digested with .002% pepsin. The decreased quantity of pepsin-HCl solution increases the sensitivity of the test and increases digestibility difference between the meat and bone and feather meals.