cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Law and Ethics in the Information Age

There is a long tradition going back to Aristotle that says that all people?be they businesspeople, doctors, lawyers, engineers, computer scientists, students or ordinary citizens?want happiness, however they define that term. And to get happiness we need not only be good people, but we need to live in a good society. The role of ethics is to help us achieve both. Yet as we look at the way business ethics, medical ethics, engineering ethics, computer ethics, and so on have developed over the past twenty-five years, the emphasis has been primarily on the ethical actions of the individual, on producing ethical businesspeople or doctors or journalists or computer engineers. There has been very little attention paid to the necessity of good laws that protect the common good and that are the backbone of a good society. As we enter the new millennium, society faces two emerging sets of problems: those related to globalization and those related to the newly developing Information Age. In both areas, having ethical people and ethical norms that cross boundaries is important. But equally important are ethically defensible, nationally and internationally coordinated laws and enforcement agreements. And ethically defensible laws always promote not individual but the common good. If we look back at the development of society in the Industrial Age we see that it took not only good individuals but also legislation in the industrially developed countries to do away with child labor, to guarantee a minimum wage, to abolish sweat shops, to inhibit high level corruption.
Splenic Infarct: A Rare Presentation in a Pediatric Patient

A previously healthy 16-year-old male presented with a two day history of persistent epigastric pain. His physical examination was significant for tenderness in the left hypochondriac region with a palpable spleen 2cm below the left sub-costal margin. A CT scan of the abdomen showed a splenic infarct. Heterophile and EBV VCA IgM antibody test were positive. This is a rare case of infectious mononucleosis presenting with splenic infarct in an adolescent male without co-morbidities.
On Viewing Fuzzy Measures as Fuzzy Subsets

We introduce the concept of a fuzzy measure, discuss some of their basic properties and look at some notable examples. We introduce a correspondence between a fuzzy measure on X and a fuzzy subset over the power set of X. These fuzzy subsets are required to have special properties on the space 2X and we refer to these as measure type fuzzy sets. We take advantage of this correspondence between a fuzzy measure and a fuzzy set to suggest the formulation of various set operations on fuzzy measures
Studies on Breeding Methods of Iso-cytoplasmic Restorer Lines in Japonica Hybrid Rice

Using the breeding method of second cycle lines in maize for reference,the breeding methods of iso-cytoplasmic restorer lines of japonica hybrid rice were studied.In order to investigate breeding efficiency of different crossing ways,12 single crosses were made from 4 cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines(Sidao 8A,57A,67A and 69A) and 3 restorer lines(LH422,C418 and R89),and 4 single crosses(57A/C418,57A/LH422,67A/R89 and Sidao 8A/C418) were chosen to develop 6 double crosses between 4 single crosses each other and 8 three-way crosses between 4 single crosses and 3 restorer lines,and 3 common R/R′ crosses between 3 restorer lines were made as the controls.The results showed that the single crossing way had the best breeding efficiency in terms of the frequency of elite restorer lines developed from 4 crossing ways.It was easier to develop elite iso-cytoplasmic restorer lines from the basic populations with higher yield of the single crossing way.The higher general combining ability of restorer lines of the basic populations had a greater effect on increasing the yield of both iso-cytoplasmic restorer lines and their F1 hybrids.
Capillary tortuosity in rat soleus muscle is not affected by endurance training.

The total capillary length available for blood-tissue transfer is determined by the number and orientation of the capillaries. Therefore, whether capillary tortuosity changes with exercise training has important implications for peripheral gas exchange. To determine the effects of exercise training on capillary orientation and capillary length per volume of muscle fiber [Jv(c,f)] female rats were trained by treadmill running (30 m/min, up to 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk. Muscles from control and trained rats were perfusion fixed at sarcomere lengths (l) ranging from 1.59 to 2.15 microns, and morphometric techniques were used to estimate capillary orientation and Jv(c,f). Training increased (P less than 0.05) musculus soleus oxidative capacity 35% [as estimated from citrate synthase activity: 24.7 +/- 1.4 to 34.7 +/- 1.0 (SE) mumol.g-1.min-1], capillary-to-fiber ratio 30% (2.17 +/- 0.06 to 2.83 +/- 0.05), and Jv(c,f) 32% (1,886 +/- 73 to 2,496 +/- 180 mm-2). Capillary tortuosity (as determined from comparisons of transverse and longitudinal sections) was a direct function of l in control and trained rats and contributed 17-73% of capillary length above that estimated from capillary counts on transverse sections. We conclude that capillary tortuosity in m. soleus is unchanged by training. Therefore, Jv(c,f) increases as a consequence of increased capillary number. M. soleus citrate synthase activity is best correlated with Jv(c,f) and not with capillary counts on transverse sections. We hypothesize that training-induced muscle changes of capillary geometry improve O2 delivery to skeletal muscle and may therefore alter the metabolic response (e.g., lactate accumulation) to exercise after training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Essential Embodiment Thesis

Many philosophers of mind and mainstream neuroscientists remain committed to the broadly Cartesian notion that there is a ‘thing’ inside us which allows us to think and feel and is responsible for the wide range of conscious states we experience. While Descartes identifies this ‘thing’ as a non-material substance that exists independently of the body, most contemporary theorists maintain that the thinking thing is the brain and that the brain alone (or the brain together with the central nervous system or CNS) is sufficient for consciousness. Many believe that, as we learn more and more about the brain/CNS, we will be in a better position to discover the neural correlates of conscious. According to proponents of what Alva Noe (2009) calls the ‘Foundation Argument’ and what Andy Clark (2008) identifies as the BRAINBOUND model, the effects in consciousness normally brought about through interaction with the world can be produced by direct stimulation of the brain/CNS, so that, when all is said and done, what we think of as ‘the mind’ is really just a matter of brain/CNS activity.1 Often the idea is that the brain/CNS builds up an internal model of the world, or that mental capacities can be understood as computational processes realized by the brain. Although the non-neural body does act as the sensor and effector system of the brain/CNS, neural activity is only ‘instrumentally dependent’ on human bodily activity and input from the environment, and our mental lives are in no way constitutively dependent on the body. In short, the prevailing view in both philosophy and the mind sciences has been that consciousness is strictly correlated with brain/CNS activity, and that it alone provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for mental life.
Evaluation of leuprolide acetate and gonadotropins versus clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins for in vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer.

A prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficiency of two ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer or gamete intrafallopian transfer. Protocol 1 consisted of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) with 55cycles of 42 patients being evaluated. Protocol 2 had 38cycles of 34 patients receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and hMG. The incidence of a spontaneous luteinizing hormone surge was 38.2% in protocol 1 and 0% in protocol 2. Both protocols had a similar cancellation rate. The total clinical pregnancy rates per oocyte retrieval for patients receiving protocol 1 and protocol 2 were 19.5% and 10.3%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, as first-line ovulation induction agents, it cannot be concluded that either protocol demonstrates a clear superiority over the other and further trials of the GnRH-a/hMG combination are indicated.
Polymer Melt Processing: Viscoelasticity in Processing Flows

Introduction Viscoelasticity will clearly have a large effect in some processing operations and little or none in others, and we require a way to discriminate between these cases. One clue follows from the linear viscoelastic experiments shown in Figures 9.2 and 9.3 and the accompanying spectral description in Equations 9.11a–b. The entangled network is able to relax at low frequencies, so the elastic contribution to the stress is negligible and the deformation is mostly dissipative ( G′ ‎ 0 ). The stress at high frequencies cannot relax, so dissipation is negligible and the deformation is recoverable ( η′ ‎ 0 ). The transition between these two extremes is sharp for a liquid with a single Maxwell mode and occurs in the neighborhood of λω ~ 1.ω -1 is the characteristic time for the oscillatory deformation, so we may think of the two limiting cases as representing processes that are slow and fast, respectively, relative to the characteristic time of the fluid. The transition is murkier for most polymer melts, where there are many dynamical modes, but there will be some relaxation time – a mean value like that given by Equation 9.20 or the longest relaxation time in the spectrum – such that the same criterion can be usefully applied. The ratio of the characteristic time of the fluid to the characteristic time of the process is known as the Deborah number and is usually denoted De . The time scale for the process is usually the residence time.
Pathologically complex spectra of small molecules: high resolution techniques for displaying vibrational chaos and electronic simplicity

The assignability of spectra is based on the existence of regular patterns of energy levels. These patterns reflect an approximate factorization of the many-electron many-nucleus Hamiltonian into weakly interacting subsystems. It has been suggested that one of the quantum manifestations of classical chaos will be the intrinsic unassignability of fully resolved quantum spectra. On the other hand, de facto unassignability could result from either the superposition of too many patterns or the existence of classes of approximate quantum numbers and associated level patterns for which spectroscopic textbooks1 have left us unprepared. Examples of spectral complexity arising from both vibrational chaos and electronic simplicity are discussed.
Needle aponeurotomy in the management of Dupuytren’s contracture

Dupuytren’s contracture (DC) is a benign fibroproliferative disorder of the fascia of the hand and fingers. Progressive thickening and shortening of the palmar fascia results in the formation of cords and ultimately flexion deformities of the digits, with associated functional loss. Surgical intervention aims to correct contracture and improve the hand function by either division of (fasciotomy) or removal of (fasciectomy) the diseased tissue. Current treatment options for DC include open fasciectomy (OF), limited fasciectomy (LF), needle aponeurotomy (NA), and collagenase injections. Needle aponeurotomy (NA) is a minimally invasive technique that uses a small hypodermic needle as a percutaneous scalpel blade to perforate, weaken, and/or divide the affected cords. This chapter focuses on the use of NA, its indications, advantages, disadvantages, technical pearls, and literature review. Pertinent comparisons between NA and other treatment options are also discussed.
Perineural bupivacaine injection reduces inguinodynia after inguinal hernia repair

Background Inguinodynia, defined as pain lasting >3 months after inguinal hernia repair, remains the major complication of hernia operation. We sought to determine the effect of direct perineural infiltration on acute pain and inguinodynia after open inguinal hernia repair. Methods Patients who presented with an inguinal hernia at a university teaching hospital were evaluated prospectively and randomized to either (1) percutaneous ilioinguinal nerve block or (2) percutaneous ilioinguinal nerve block with additional perineural infiltration of the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral nerves. All patients in each group received a total of 12 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine. Self-reported faces of pain level (1–10), minutes to discharge from the recovery room, narcotic quantity consumed (oxycodone 5 mg/paracetamol 325 mg), days on narcotics, and incidence of inguinodynia at 3 months were all recorded. Results Ninety-two patients were randomized in the study. Patients who received perineural bupivacaine infiltration of nerves had less recovery room pain (1.3 vs 3.9, P P = .047) and consumed fewer narcotics (9.7 vs 15.1 doses, P = .010). The incidence of inguinodynia at 3 months was less in the treatment group (8.2% vs 27.9%, P = .013). Conclusion We have implemented a novel and inexpensive method of local nerve blockade that decreases pain immediately after operation and at 3 months postoperatively. Furthermore, our method leads to shorter recovery room stay and fewer narcotics after operation.
Latent Differential Equation Models for Binary and Ordinal Data

This study evaluates latent differential equation models on binary and ordinal data. Binary and ordinal data are widely used in psychology research and many statistical models have been developed, such as the probit model and the logit model. We combine the latent differential equation model with the probit model through a threshold approach, and then compare the threshold model with a naive model, which blindly treats binary and ordinal data as continuous. Simulation results suggest that the naive model leads to bias on binary data and on ordinal data with fewer than 5 levels, whereas the threshold model is unbiased and efficient for binary and ordinal data. Two example analyses on empirical binary data and ordinal data show that the threshold model also has better external validity. The R code for the threshold model is provided.
Is it time to talk? Understanding specialty child mental healthcare providers' decisions to engage in interdisciplinary communication with pediatricians

Communication between pediatric mental health and primary care providers is often inconsistent and frequently rated as unsatisfactory by providers of both disciplines. While numerous studies report pediatricians' desire for increased feedback from mental health providers, less is known about mental health providers' perspectives on collaborative communication with pediatricians. In the current qualitative study, 9 practitioners at 2 mental health practices participated in interviews about their experiences related to collaborating and communicating with pediatric providers. The interviews were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis procedures. Mental health providers consistently described the decision to communicate with pediatric primary care providers as occurring primarily when initiated by them, and on a "case by case" basis. Four determinants of the decision to initiate communication emerged from the interviews: severity of client concerns, mental health providers' own positive beliefs about collaborative/integrative mental health-pediatric care, perceptions of and past experiences with the primary care providers with whom they interact, and professional relationships with specific primary care providers. The findings of this study suggest that understanding and addressing the attitudes and beliefs that underlie both mental health and pediatric health care providers' decisions to engage in interprofessional communication is essential to establishing truly collaborative care.
Calreticulin promotes immunity and type I interferon-dependent survival in mice with acute myeloid leukemia.

ABSTRACTExposure of cancer cells to particular chemotherapeutic agents or γ-irradiation induces a form of cell death that stimulates an immune response in mice. This “immunogenic cell death” requires calreticulin (CRT) translocation to the plasma membrane, which has been shown to promote cancer cell phagocytosis. However, it remains unclear whether the effect of CRT on cancer cell phagocytosis is alone sufficient to affect tumor immunity. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells expressing cell-surface CRT were generated in order to characterize the mechanism(s) through which CRT activates tumor immune responses. Potent immune-mediated control or rejection of AML was observed in mice with CRT-expressing leukemia. The “CRT effect” was ultimately T-cell dependent, but dendritic cells (DCs), and CD8α+ DCs in particular, were also necessary, indicating that CRT might act directly on these DCs. CRT-expressing AML cells were slightly more susceptible to phagocytosis by DCs in vivo, but this effect was unlikely to exp...
FvSNF1 , the sucrose non-fermenting protein kinase gene of Fusarium virguliforme , is required for cell-wall-degrading enzymes expression and sudden death syndrome development in soybean

Fusarium virguliforme is a soil-borne pathogenic fungus that causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) in soybean. Its pathogenicity is believed to require the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs). The sucrose non-fermenting protein kinase 1 gene (SNF1) is a key component of the glucose de-repression pathway in yeast, and a regulator of gene expression for CWDEs in some plant pathogenic fungi. To elucidate the functional role of the SNF1 homolog in F. virguliforme, FvSNF1 was disrupted using a split-marker strategy. Disruption of FvSNF1 in F. virguliforme abolishes galactose utilization and causes poor growth on xylose, arabinose and sucrose. However, the resulting Fvsnf1 mutant grew similar to wild-type and ectopic transformants on glucose, fructose, maltose, or pectin as the main source of carbon. The Fvsnf1 mutant displayed no expression of the gene-encoding galactose oxidase (GAO), a secretory enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of D-galactose. It also exhibited a significant reduction in the expression of several CWDE-coding genes in contrast to the wild-type strain. Greenhouse pathogenicity assays revealed that the Fvsnf1 mutant was severely impaired in its ability to cause SDS on challenged soybean plants. Microscopy and microtome studies on infected roots showed that the Fvsnf1 mutant was defective in colonizing vascular tissue of infected plants. Cross and longitudinal sections of infected roots stained with fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin and Congo red showed that the Fvsnf1 mutant failed to colonize the xylem vessels and phloem tissue at later stages of infection. Quantification of the fungal biomass in inoculated roots further confirmed a reduced colonization of roots by the Fvsnf1 mutant when compared to the wild type. These findings suggest that FvSNF1 regulates the expression of CWDEs in F. virguliforme, thus affecting the virulence of the fungus on soybean.
Anesthesia for fetal surgery

Fetal therapy is an exciting and growing field of medicine. Advances in prenatal imaging and continued innovations in surgical and anesthetic techniques have resulted in a wide range of fetal interventions including minimally invasive, open mid-gestation, and ex-utero intrapartum treatment procedures. The potential for maternal morbidity is significant and must be carefully weighed against claimed benefits to the fetus. Appropriate patient selection is critical, and a multidisciplinary team-based approach is strongly recommended. The anesthetic management should focus on maintaining uteroplacental circulation, achieving profound uterine relaxation, optimizing surgical conditions, monitoring fetal hemodynamics, and minimizing maternal and fetal risk.
Electrostrictive in-situ nanoparticle detection with coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (Conference Presentation)

We report on the development and application of coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering for the in situ detection of large molecules and nanoparticles. This four wave mixing diagnostic technique relies on the creation of an electrostrictive optical lattice in a medium due to the interaction between polarized particles and the intense electric field gradient created by the optical interference of two intense pulsed laser beams. Though this interaction, we can detect the temperature, pressure, relative density, polarizability and speed of sound of a gas and gas mixture. This diagnostic was already successfully demonstrated in atomic and molecular gaseous environments, where the different gas polarizabilities and pressures were successfully measured. We are currently conducting in situ measurements with large molecules and nanoparticles produced in an arc discharge, the results of which will be presented in this meeting.
The Party Decides

Bitecofer shows how the institutional structures of the two party’s nominating systems affected the outcome of the 2016 presidential primaries. Despite a full-frontal assault, Republican Party elites had limited influence on the party’s nomination process. Even with the vast majority of Republican Party insiders lined up against him, they were unable to derail the Trump Train because of their limited influence in the nomination process. In the Republican nominating system, elite endorsements are merely symbolic, and they do not carry substantive weight. Unlike the Democrat’s system which provides party insiders a tool to exert direct influence in the party’s nomination process via super delegates, the Republican rules left the party vulnerable to a hostile takeover.
Infant feeding pattern in the first six months of age in USA: a follow-up study

Infant feeding may consist of direct breastfeeding (DBF), pumping and bottle feeding (PF which increases over time. A not allocated class, due to missing information was identified in months 1-3, transitions to SFF starting in month 4 (8.9%). In month 1, two mixed patterns exist: DBF and P&F combined with FF (13.9%) and DBF combined with P&F (18.7%). The triple combination of DBF, P&F, and FF (13.9%) became FF in month 2 (transition probability: 24.8%), and DBF in combination with P&F (transition probability: 49.1%). The pattern of DBF combined with P&F is relatively stable until month 4, when at least 50% of these infants receive solid food. Only 23-26% of the infants receive direct breastfeeding (DBF) in months 1-4, in month 5-6 SFF is added. Mothers who used FF were less educated and employed fulltime. Mothers who smoke and not residing in the west of the United States were also more likely to practice formula feeding. Infant feeding is complex. Breastfeeding is not predominant and we additionally considered the mixed patterns of feeding. To facilitate direct breastfeeding, a substantial increase in the duration of maternal leave is necessary in the United States.
Utilizing Geo-tagged Tweets to Understand Evacuation Dynamics during Emergencies: A case study of Hurricane Sandy

Hurricane evacuation is a complex process and a better understanding of the evacuation behavior of the coastal residents could be helpful in planning better evacuation policy. Traditionally, various aspects of the household evacuation decisions have been determined by post-evacuation questionnaire surveys, which are usually time-consuming and expensive. Increased activity of users on social media, especially during emergencies, along with the geo-tagging of the posts, provides an opportunity to gain insights into user's decision-making process, as well as to gauge public opinion and activities using the social media data as a supplement to the traditional survey data. This paper leverages the geo-tagged Tweets posted in the New York City (NYC) in wake of Hurricane Sandy to understand the evacuation behavior of the residents. Based on the geo-tagged Tweet locations, we classify the NYC Twitter users into one of the three categories: outside evacuation zone, evacuees, and non-evacuees and examine the types of Tweets posted by each group during different phases of the hurricane. We establish a strong link between the social connectivity with the decision of the users to evacuate or stay. We analyze the geo-tagged Tweets to understand evacuation and return time and evacuation location patterns of evacuees. The analysis presented in this paper could be useful for authorities to plan a better evacuation campaign to minimize the risk to the life of the residents of the emergency hit areas.
The Statehood of Palestine: Palestine Meets Montevideo

The account given in Parts One, Two, and Three of Palestine’s status has brought into play the concepts of sovereignty, recognition, and belligerent occupation, in addition to statehood itself. Palestine’s situation cannot be analyzed without some understanding of what it takes to be a state, which involves these concepts and others. We have seen that Palestine’s statehood has been challenged on the basis of criteria that are said to be required for statehood. We have seen that Palestine is recognized by some states but not by others. Palestine has been treated like a state by various UN organs, but it has not been admitted to the UN as a member state. Part Four addresses these broader issues, as they relate to the status of Palestine. This chapter examines the criteria that are said to be relevant to determine whether a particular entity is a state, and whether Palestine meets them. Since, however, Palestine’s territory is occupied, the relevance of these criteria is uncertain. The question of whether belligerent occupation affects the relevancy of the usual criteria is addressed in Chapter 17. Recognition by other states is sometimes said to be a prerequisite for statehood. The issue of recognition and its relevance to Palestine statehood is addressed in Chapter 18. One final, but key, issue is whether the criteria that are said to be required for statehood are applied with any rigor in the actual practice of the international community. That issue is addressed in Chapter 19.
Ovarian Endometriomas Do Not Adversely Affect Pregnancy Success Following Treatment With In Vitro Fertilization

Purpose: Ovarian endometriomas have an uncertain impact on outcome following in vitro fertilization (IVF). Some authors describe a poor response to ovulation induction, and others observe decreased pregnancy success rates. Conversely, IVF outcomes similar to those of patients undergoing IVF for tubal-factor infertility have also been reported. To determine the impact of ovarian endometriomas on pregnancy success in our IVF program, we identified patients with endometriosis and compared outcomes that were stratified by the presence or absence of an endometrioma at the time of follicular aspiration.
Coronary bypass grafting with biological grafts in a canine model.

Background Poor patency rates have limited the success of biological vascular grafts in the coronary artery position. Recently, two bovine internal mammary arterial grafts have been developed for possible use as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) conduits: (1) Denaflex grafts (Baxter Health-care Co, 3-mm ID) treated with polyepoxy compounds and with heparin ionically bound to the luminal surface and (2) Bioflow grafts (Bio-Vascular, Inc, 3-mm ID) treated with dialdehyde starch. Methods and results Thirty dogs underwent CABG with either a Denaflex (n = 20) or Bioflow (n = 10) graft to the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). The left main coronary artery (n = 12) or proximal LCx (n = 18) was then ligated. Six-month patency (Kaplan-Meier) for Denaflex grafts was 44 +/- 13% (+/- SEM), compared with 12 +/- 11% for Bioflow grafts, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .56). Among grafts open at 14 days, however, there were no occlusions among six Denaflex grafts versus five occlusions among seven Bioflow grafts. At 6 months, all six surviving Denaflex grafts appeared normal, while the only remaining patent Bioflow graft was angiographically dilated and had diffuse luminal irregularities. At 1 year, three Denaflex grafts angiographically had no dilation, stenosis, or luminal irregularities. Macroscopically, all explanted long-term (6 to 12 months) Denaflex grafts had a smooth, clean luminal surface, whereas the only patent Bioflow graft had multifocal thrombi. Microscopically, all Denaflex grafts had minimal degenerative changes, but the Bioflow graft had transmural linear cracks and medial deterioration. Conclusions These data suggest that long-term (> 6-month) patency is possible with small-caliber, low-flow biological grafts in the canine coronary position, although both types of grafts are prone to early occlusion. If these early failures are excluded, the Denaflex graft appears to be associated with better long-term patency and an absence of degenerative changes.
Effects of longitudinal pavement edgeline condition on driver lane deviation

Abstract Single vehicle crashes, particularly those classified as run-off-the-road, are very common on two-lane rural highways. One method to potentially reduce such crashes is to provide additional driver information in the form of wider longitudinal edgeline pavement markings. However, since these markings deteriorate over time, the primary objective of this research was to study the effects of longitudinal edgeline pavement markings with varying deterioration levels and widths and to assess a driver’s ability to maintain lane position. The University of Idaho’s driving simulator was used to examine these effects by incorporating different marking deterioration percentages and roadway geometries on a two-lane rural highway environment. Two different pavement marking widths (4 and 6 inch) and four different deterioration levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) were assessed in daytime and nighttime conditions as part of this study. The results determined that while wider 6-in longitudinal edgeline pavement markings compared with standard four inch edgeline markings did not cause any significant changes in driver lane deviation during the day, statistically significant differences were observed in nighttime driving conditions. Drivers consistently maintained a lane position that slightly favored the edgeline side throughout the study and increasingly shifted away from the centerline as edgeline deterioration worsened.
Participation in Providence: Robert W. Jenson’s Theology of Prayer:

This paper explores Robert W. Jenson’s theology of prayer as he articulated it over the course of a long, productive career. In the end, the paper critiques aspects of Jenson’s theology of providen...
Lower socioeconomic status is associated with increased long-term mortality after sudden cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND Determinants of long-term survival after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are not fully elucidated. We investigated the impact of patients' socioeconomic status (SES) on long-term mortality in SCA survivors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between SES, as estimated by median household income by zip code of residence, and long-term survival after SCA. METHODS We analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who presented to our institution with SCA between 2000 and 2012 and were discharged alive. Patients were stratified into quartiles by median household income of their home zip code. Baseline characteristics of patients were compared by income quartiles. The impact of SES on mortality was assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model incorporating all unbalanced covariates. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 1420 patients (mean age of 62 years; 41% men; 82% white). Over a 3.6-year median follow-up, 47% of patients died. After adjusting for unbalanced baseline covariates, patients in the poorest income quartile had a 25% increase in their risk of death compared to other SCA survivors (hazard ratios = 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.56, P = .046). CONCLUSION In conclusion, lower SES is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in survivors of SCA. Designing interventions to improve survival after SCA requires attention to patients' social and economic factors.
Quantitative Evaluation of Limit-Cycle Oscillator Models of Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions

Single limit-cycle-oscillator models of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE’s) are based on the assumption that the pattern of interactions between spontaneous emissions and external tones in the ear canal may be partially described by the gross compaction of a full cochlear model to a single nonlinear differential equation such as that of a free (or driven) Van der Pol oscillator. Such an equation incorporates, in a highly idealized way, the type of nonlinear-active damping which, if assumed to be present over certain portions of the cochlear partition, would produce stabilized cochlear self-oscillations and lead to measurable spontaneous emissions in the ear-canal. These models have been used successfully by our group and by Wit and collaborators to account for a number of features of the emission data including: a) statistical properties of emissions (e.g. Bialek and Wit, 1984; Wit, 1986; van Dijk, 1990); b) suppression of emissions (Long and Tubis, 1990) and synchronization (phase locking) of emissions by external tones (e.g., van Dijk, 1990; Long, et al., 1990); and c) reduction of the level of emissions by aspirin consumption (e.g., Long and Tubis, 1988a,b).
Electrowetting adaptive optical devices for LIDAR

Electrowetting devices are compact, low power, transmissive, and adaptable. We have demonstrated nonmechanical beam steering in a LIDAR system and imaging in a multiphoton microscope, with an electrowetting prism.
God's Salvation Church: Past, Present and Future

In March of 1998 God's Salvation Church, also known as Chen Tao, held the attention of the international media with their prophecies that God would physically descend in the town of Garland, Texas, on the last day of the month. The group's leader, Hon-Ming Chen, and the group's spokesperson, Richard Liu, held many press conferences to handle the overwhelming demand for interviews. Following the events of March 31 the media interest subsided. Although they are still practicing their religion, the church has received relatively little attention since the apparent failed prophecy of March 31. The following is an attempt to explain the history of Hon-Ming Chen and God's Salvation Church. Included is a discussion of the group's current status and their possibilities for the future. Due to the length of this article, Chen Tao theology, which is a mixture of Chinese folk religion, Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism, UFO beliefs and scientific theories, will not be discussed in very great detail.
“You Can’t Be a Teacher and Not Follow Politics!”: Teacher-Legislators and Their Pathway to the State Capital:

Few studies have examined the growing trend of teacher-legislators, specifically teachers’ trajectory to elected office. Drawing on qualitative data and raced-gendered frameworks, this article exam...
The Effect of Developmental Math on STEM Participation in Community College: Variation by Race, Gender, Achievement, and Aspiration:

We use regression discontinuity design to examine the impact of placing into developmental math on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) participation in community colleges and w...
Efficient local locking for massively multithreaded in-memory hash-based operators

The join and group-by aggregation are two memory intensive operators that are affecting the performance of relational databases. Hashing is a common approach used to implement both operators. Recent paradigm shifts in multi-core processor architectures have reinvigorated research into how the join and group-by aggregation operators can leverage these advances. However, the poor spatial locality of the hashing approach has hindered performance on multi-core processor architectures which rely on using large cache hierarchies for latency mitigation. Multithreaded architectures can better cope with poor spatial locality by masking memory latency with many outstanding requests. Nevertheless, the number of parallel threads, even in the most advanced multithreaded processors, such as UltraSPARC, is not enough to fully cover the main memory access latency. In this paper, we explore the hardware re-configurability of FPGAs to enable deeper execution pipelines that maintain hundreds (instead of tens) of outstanding memory requests across four FPGAs-drastically increasing concurrency and throughput. We present two end-to-end in-memory accelerators for the join and group-by aggregation operators using FPGAs. Both accelerators use massive multithreading to mask long memory delays of traversing linked-list data structures, while concurrently managing hundreds of thread states across four FPGAs locally. We explore how content addressable memories can be intermixed within our multithreaded designs to act as a synchronizing cache, which enforces locks and merges jobs together before they are written to memory. Throughput results for our hash-join operator accelerator show a speedup between 2 $$\times $$ and 3.4 $$\times $$ over the best multi-core approaches with comparable memory bandwidths on uniform and skewed datasets. The accelerator for the hash-based group-by aggregation operator demonstrates that leveraging CAMs achieves average speedup of 3.3 $$\times $$ with a best case of 9.4 $$\times $$ in terms of throughput over CPU implementations across five types of data distributions.
Anesthesia for Severely Injured Patients

Summary The severely injured patient presents challenges in establishment of adequate ventilation, resuscitation from shock, diagnosis of associated injuries, and evaluation of pre-existing medical conditions. The patient's prognosis depends on how well these challenges can be met in the time available prior to surgical correction. The choice of anesthesia varies from the use of oxygen alone for the patient who is unconscious from shock, central nervous system trauma, or alcohol intoxication, to the full range of anesthetic agents for the patient in whom circulatory stability has been established. In spite of the controversy over fluid therapy, simultaneous infusions of type-specific whole blood and a balanced electrolyte solution probably represent the most effective primary therapy for hypovolemic shock. During anesthesia the burn patient presents technical difficulties in endotracheal intubation and temperature maintenance. Post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency, a common complication of severe trauma, incorporates a variety of clinical and pathologic entities, all of which require skilled respiratory care.
Crowded little caves: structure and function of caveolae

Caveolae are small vesicular invaginations of the cell membrane. It is within this organelle that cells perform transcytosis, potocytosis and signal transduction. These "little caves" are composed of a mixture of lipids and proteins unlike those found in the plasma membrane proper. The chief structural proteins of caveolae are caveolins. To date, three caveolins (Cav-1, -2 and -3) with unique tissue distributions have been identified. Caveolins form a scaffold onto which many signalling molecules can assemble, to generate pre-assembled signalling complexes. In addition to concentrating these signal transducers within a distinct region of the plasma membrane, caveolin binding may functionally regulate the activation state of caveolae-associated signalling molecules.
A 50,000-gate MCM-based PLD for gate array prototyping

Commercially available Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) offer up to 16,000 gates, providing large quantities of uncommitted logic resources to implement system-level designs. The typical trend-line is for PLD density to double every 2 years. An MCM-based PLD has been developed which eclipses that 2-year cycle by combining four large PLDs and a programmable interconnect to deliver a 50,000-gate PLD using an MCM substrate. The EPF8050M may be viewed as a monolithic PLD by the automatic partitioning software.
Using recursion to boost ATLAS's performance

We investigate the performance benefits of a novel recursive formulation of Strassen's algorithm over highly tuned matrix-multiply (MM) routines, such as the widely used ATLAS for high-performance systems. We combine Strassen's recursion with high-tuned version of ATLAS MM and we present a family of recursive algorithms achieving up to 15% speed-up over ATLAS alone. We show experimental results for 7 different systems.
Congenital hyp erhidrosis: therapy with hydergine and banthine.

Summary Congenital hyperhidrosis in a childis a rarely reported condition. This case report is presented with a discussion of etiology and treatment. It is possible that discovery of other new drugs which have an adrenolytic effect may obviate the need for sympathectomy. A combination of Hydergine and Banthine has given extremely satisfactory results in this patient.
SU-E-J-225: CEST Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Purpose: Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) imaging is an MRI technique enables the detection and imaging of metabolically active compounds in vivo. It has been used to differentiate tumor types and metabolic characteristics. Unlike PET/CT,CEST imaging does not use isotopes so it can be used on patient repeatedly. This study is to report the preliminary results of CEST imaging in Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients. Methods: A CEST imaging sequence and the post-processing software was developed on a 3T clinical MRI scanner. Ten patients with Human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal cancer were imaged in their immobilized treatment position. A 5 mm slice CEST image was acquired (128×128, FOV=20∼24cm) to encompass the maximum dimension of tumor. Twenty-nine off-set frequencies (from −7.8ppm to +7.8 ppm) were acquired to obtain the Z-spectrum. Asymmetry analysis was used to extract the CEST contrasts. ROI at the tumor, node and surrounding tissues were measured. Results: CEST images were successfully acquired and Zspectrum asymmetry analysis demonstrated clear CEST contrasts in tumor as well as the surrounding tissues. 3∼5% CEST contrast in the range of 1 to 4 ppm was noted in tumor as well as grossly involved nodes. Injection of glucose produced a marked increase of CEST contrast in tumor region (∼10%). Motion and pulsation artifacts tend to smear the CEST contrast, making the interpretation of the image contrast difficult. Field nonuniformity, pulsation in blood vesicle and susceptibility artifacts caused by air cavities were also problematic for CEST imaging. Conclusion: We have demonstrated successful CEST acquisition and Z-spectrum reconstruction on HNC patients with a clinical scanner. MRI acquisition in immobilized treatment position is critical for image quality as well as the success of CEST image acquisition. CEST images provide novel contrast of metabolites in HNC and present great potential in the pre- and post-treatment assessment of patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Reliable selection of the number of fascicles in diffusion images by estimation of the generalization error

A number of diffusion models have been proposed to overcome the limitations of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which cannot represent multiple fascicles with heterogeneous orientations at each voxel. Among them, generative models such as multi-tensor models, CHARMED or NODDI represent each fascicle with a parametric model and are of great interest to characterize and compare white matter properties. However, the identification of the appropriate model, and particularly the estimation of the number of fascicles, has proven challenging. In this context, different model selection approaches have been proposed to identify the number of fascicles at each voxel. Most approaches attempt to maximize the quality of fit while penalizing complex models to avoid overfitting. However, the choice of a penalization strategy and the trade-off between penalization and quality of fit are rather arbitrary and produce highly variable results. In this paper, we propose for the first time to determine the number of fascicles at each voxel by assessing the generalization error. This criterion naturally prevents overfitting by comparing how the models predict new data not included in the model estimation. Since the generalization error cannot be directly computed, we propose to estimate it by the 632 bootstrap technique which has low bias and low variance. Results on synthetic phantoms and in vivo data show that our approach performs better than existing techniques, and is robust to the choice of decision threshold. Together with generative models of the diffusion signal, this technique will enable accurate identification of the model complexity at each voxel and accurate assessment of the white matter characteristics.
Success Tools for Ceo Coaches: Be a Learner, Leader and Ladder

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to stress the need for continuous learning and constant feedback to help people develop as leaders. Design/methodology/approach – The study equips Chief Executive Officer (CEO) coaches with tools to build leaders who will become ladders for others. In addition, it considers examples of leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi. Findings – The study emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and constant feedback, which it covers from the perspective of executive coaching and education. Practical implications – It explains that open discussion between senior leaders and entry-level leaders can help ensure a seamless supply of leadership talent. Social implications – The study claims that the findings can be applied in industry to build new leaders to replace those from the baby-boomer generation who are currently retiring. Originality/value – The study lays the accent on feedback as a leadership-development tool.
Collaborating with Community-Based Organizations Through Consultation and Technical Assistance, by Patricia Stone Motes & Peg McCartt Hess (Eds.)

This book reflects the cultural backgrounds, diverse training, and personal and professional experiences of an interdisciplinary group of practitioners, researchers, and faculty members affiliated ...
Reservation X: The Power of Place in Aboriginal Contemporary Art

Reservation X: The Power of Place in Aboriginal Contemporary Art. Gerald McMaster. ed-Seattle: University of Washington Press and Hull: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1998.164 pp.
Crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Pacific Northwest from joint inversions of ambient noise and earthquake data

[1] We perform a joint inversion of phase velocities from both earthquake and ambient noise induced Rayleigh waves to determine shear wave velocity structure in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Pacific Northwest. We focus particularly on the areas affected by mid-Miocene to present volcanic activity. The joint inversion, combined with the high density seismic network of the High Lava Plains seismic experiment and data from the EarthScope Transportable Array, provides outstanding resolution for this area. In Oregon, we find that the pattern of low velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle varies between the High Lava Plains physiographic province and the adjacent northwestern Basin and Range. These patterns may be due to the presence of the Brothers Fault Zone which separates the clockwise rotating northwest Basin and Range from the relatively undeformed areas further north. Further to the east, the Owyhee Plateau, Snake River Plain (SRP) and northeastern Basin and Range are characterized by high crustal velocities, though the depth extent of these fast wave speeds varies by province. Of particular interest is the mid-crustal high velocity sill, previously only identified within the SRP. We show this anomaly extends significantly further south into Utah and Nevada. We suggest that one possible explanation is lateral crustal extrusion due to the emplacement of the high density mafic mid-crustal sill structures within the SRP.