cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival of foodborne pathogens on inshell walnuts.

Abstract The survival of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT 30 or five-strain cocktails of S. enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated on inshell walnuts during storage. Inshell walnuts were separately inoculated with an aqueous preparation of the pathogens at levels of 10 to 4 log CFU/nut, dried for 24 h, and then stored at either 4 °C or ambient conditions (23–25 °C, 25–35% relative humidity) for 3 weeks to more than 1 year. During the initial 24-h drying period, bacterial levels declined by 0.7 to 2.4 log CFU/nut. After the inoculum dried, further declines of approximately 0.1 log CFU/nut per month of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 levels were observed on inshell walnuts stored at 4 °C; at ambient conditions the rates of decline ranged from 0.55 to 2.5 log CFU/nut per month. Rates of decline were generally greater during the first few weeks of storage, particularly at lower inoculum levels. The survival of the five-strain cocktails inoculated at very low levels (under 400 CFU/nut) was determined during storage at ambient conditions. The pathogens could be recovered by either enumeration or enrichment from most samples throughout the 3-month storage period; reductions in bacterial levels from the beginning to end of storage were 0.7, 0.2, and 2.3 log CFU/nut for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. For 6% of all nut samples (14 of 234 samples), pathogens were isolated from the second but not first 24-h enrichment, suggesting that bacterial cells were viable but not easily culturable. Salmonella-inoculated walnuts were exposed for 2 min to water or a 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite (to mimic commercial brightening) either 24 h or 7 days after inoculation; treated nuts were dried for 24 h and held at ambient conditions. Salmonella levels were reduced by less than 0.5 log or 2.4 to 2.6 log CFU/nut on water– or chlorine– treated walnuts, respectively, regardless of postinoculation treatment time. Additional reductions of 2.6 and 2.1 log CFU/nut were observed for water- and chlorine-treated walnuts, respectively, after storage for 2 weeks at ambient conditions. Bacterial foodborne pathogens are capable of long-term survival on the surface of inshell walnuts even when initial levels are low.
Chemical synthesis of [3H]cerebroside [35S]sulfate and its in vivo metabolism in rat brain.

—Double-labeled sulfatide containing [3-3H]lignoceric acid and [35S]sulfate was synthesized and injected intracerebrally into 28-day-old rats. The 3H-labeled sulfatide was synthesized by condensing (RS)-[3-3H]lignoceroyl chloride with lysosulfatide which had been obtained by saponification of sulfatide. The 35S-labeled sulfatide was synthesized by using [35S]sulfuric acid for sulfating 2′, 4′, 6′-tri-benzoyl-galactosyl N-fatty acyl, N-benzoyl-3-0-benzoyl-sphingosine, which had been obtained by per-benzoylation followed by solvolysis of calf brain nonhydroxycerebrosides. The perbenzoylated [35S]sul-fatide was then subjected to mild alkaline saponification. Eight hours following the injection, the brain lipids contained various radioactive sphingolipids in addition to sulfatides. Fourteen per cent of the injected 3H was recovered in total lipids, and 26% of this was found in sulfatide. Nonhydroxy- and hydroxyceramides, nonhydroxy- and hydroxycerebrosides, and polar lipids contained 7, 1, 8, 3, and 22 per cent of the 3H found in total lipids, respectively. On the other hand, only 6% of the 35S injected was recovered in total lipids; 63% of this was found in sulfatide, 5% in a mixture of seminolipid and cholesterol sulfate and 10% in a water-soluble material.
Sequential treatment by phosphotungstic acid and uranyl acetate enhances the adherence of lipid membranes and membrane proteins to hydrophobic EM grids

A simple procedure for screening by electron microscopic observations of conditions for the reconstitution of membrane proteins into lipid bilayers is described. This procedure consists of a 5-10 s treatment of electron microscopic grids, to which the sample has already been applied, with 1% phosphotungstic acid before proceeding with final staining in uranyl acetate. The method substantially enhances the adherence of lipid membranes and membrane protein particles to hydrophobic collodion/carbon grids.
Studies on a mutant of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides unable to grow photosynthetically

Abstract 1. 1. Mutants of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides have been isolated that cannot grow photosynthetically but can grow aerobically (in the dark) at the same rate as the parent strain. The major pigments of the photosynthetically dificient mutant PM-8 and its parent strain Ga are bacteriochlorophyll, neurosperene, and hydroxyneurospene. Under conditions of limited aeration both strains contain very similar amounts of these pigments. In chromatophore fractions from these two strains the bacteriochlorophyll shows the same degree of susceptibility to structural and photo-oxidative alterations in the presence of detergents. 2. 2. A blue-green mutant strain, PM-8:bg58, derived from strain PM-8, suffers photooxidative injury sensitized by bacteriochlorophyll in the same way as do photosynthetically competent blue-green (colored carotenoid-less) strains such as uv-33. 3. 3. Strain PM-8 exhibits none of the reversible light-induced absorbancy changes detectable in strain Ga. These changes, some of which have been implicated in the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis, reflect oxidation of cytochromes, oxidation of P870 (a specialized, minor bacteriochlorophyll component), reduction of ubiquinone, and a shift in the absorption bands of carotenoids. A chemically induced difference spectrum characteristics of the oxidation of P870 is also lacking in strain PM-8. 4. 4. Strain PM-8 does not show a light-induced electron-spin-resonance signal, whereas photosynthetically competent strains of purple bacteria do. 5. 5. The yield of bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence in strain PM-8 is about two times that in strai Ga. A transient increase in flourescence intensity correlated with bleaching of P870 was observed in strain Ga but not in strain PM-8. 6. 6. It is concluded that in strain PM-8 the photochemical reaction centers that initiate the chemistry of photosynthesis are absent or inoperative.
Consumer health librarian

Purpose – Aims to confirm that societal changes and access to the internet have heightened interest in health information by the general public. Patients/consumers are more involved in their health care. Patients’ rights to make informed health‐care decisions are more recognised by the medical community. Approximately 27 percent of the entire US adult population has visited a web site for health‐care purposes. Increasingly, hospitals in the USA and other countries are providing consumer health information centers for patients and their families.Design/methodology/approach – In February 2002, a patient/consumer health information service opened at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in Richmond, Virginia. This article will discuss the partnership that was forged to create the Community Health Education Center (CHEC) and the role VCU Libraries has in the partnership.Findings – Apart from the obvious value of having The Community Health Education Center, its existence has opened new doors to the three par...
Cross-bridge cycling theories cannot explain high-speed lengthening behavior in frog muscle

The Huxley 1957 model of cross-bridge cycling accounts for the shortening force-velocity curve of striated muscle with great precision. For forced lengthening, however, the model diverges from experimental results. This paper examines whether it is possible to bring the model into better agreement with experiments, and if so what must be assumed about the mechanical capabilities of cross-bridges. Of particular interest is how introduction of a maximum allowable cross-bridge strain, as has been suggested by some experiments, affects the predictions of the model. Because some differences in the models are apparent only at high stretch velocities, we acquired new force-velocity data to permit a comparison with experiment. Using whole, isolated frog sartorius muscles at 2 degrees C, we stretched active muscle at speeds up to and exceeding 2 Vmax. Force during stretch was always greater than the peak isometric level, even during the fastest stretches, and was approximately independent of velocity for stretches faster than 0.5 Vmax. Although certain modifications to the model brought it into closer correspondence with the experiments, the accompanying requirements on cross-bridge extensibility were unreasonable. We suggest (both in this paper and the one that follows) that sarcomere inhomogeneities, which have been implicated in such phenomena as "tension creep" and "permanent extra tension," may also play an important role in determining the basic force-velocity characteristics of muscle.
Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics of Adrenergic Receptor Signaling: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the targets for many drugs, and genetic variation in coding and noncoding regions is apparent in many such receptors. In this superfamily, adrenergic receptors (ARs) were among the first in which single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered, and studies including in vitro mutagenesis, genetically modified mouse models, human ex vivo and in vitro studies and pharmacogenetic association studies were conducted. The signal transduction in these receptors includes amplification steps, desensitization, crosstalk, and redundancies, enabling potential mitigation of the size of the clinical effect for a single variant in a single gene. Nevertheless, convincing evidence has emerged that several variants have an impact on therapy, with certain caveats as to how the results are to be interpreted. Here we review these results for selected ARs and associated regulatory kinases relative to the pharmacogenomics of β-blocker treatment for hypertension and heart failure. We emphasize the linking of clinical results to molecular mechanisms, discuss study design limitations, and offer some recommendations for future directions.
Soluble 2-substituted aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl ureas. Structure-activity relationships against selected tyrosine kinases and exploration of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity.

In continuing our search for medicinal agents to treat proliferative diseases, we have discovered 2-substituted aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl ureas as a novel class of soluble, potent, broadly active tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors. An efficient route was developed that enabled the synthesis of a wide variety of analogues with substitution on several positions of the template. From the lead structure 1, several series of analogues were made that examined the C-6 aryl substituent, a variety of water solublizing substitutents at the C-2 position, and urea or other acyl functionality at the N-7 position. Compounds of this series were competitive with ATP and displayed submicromolar to low nanomolar potency against a panel of TKs, including receptor (platelet-derived growth factor, PDGFr; fibroblast growth factor, FGFr;) and nonreceptor (c-Src) classes. Several of the most potent compounds displayed submicromolar inhibition of PDGF-mediated receptor autophosphorylation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle ...
RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) ABNORMALITIES IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE (CGD) WITH MCLEOD PHENOTYPE

RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) ABNORMALITIES IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE (CGD) WITH MCLEOD PHENOTYPE
Antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in the United States in 1994 and 1995 and detection of beta-lactamase-positive strains resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate: results of a national multicenter surveillance study.

A total of 1,537 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were recovered in 30 U.S. medical center laboratories between 1 November 1994 and 30 April 1995 and were characterized in a central laboratory with respect to serotype and beta-lactamase production and the in vitro activities of 15 oral antimicrobial agents. Overall, 36.4% of the isolates were found to produce beta-lactamase. The rank order of activity of six cephalosporins on the basis of MICs was cefixime > cefpodoxime > cefuroxime > loracarbef > or = cefaclor > cefprozil. On the basis of current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) breakpoints ages of isolates found to be resistant or intermediate to these agents were as follows: 0.1, 0.3, 6.4, 16.3, 18.3, and 29.8, respectively (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, 4th ed. M7-A4, 1995). Azithromycin was, on a weight basis, the most potent of the macrolides tested in this study, followed by erythromycin and then clarithromycin. Azithromycin was typically fourfold more active than erythromycin, which was, in turn, slightly more active than clarithromycin. However, when compared on the basis of the frequency of resistance determined by using current NCCLS breakpoints, there was essentially no difference between azithromycin and clarithromycin, i.e., 0.5 and 1.9%, respectively (P = 0.086). Interpretive breakpoints for erythromycin MIC tests versus H. influenzae have not been developed. Resistance to other non- beta-lactam agents was variable, as follows: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 9.0%; chloramphenicol, 0.2%; tetracycline, 1.3%; and rifampin, 0.3%. Two conspicuous findings in this study were the identification of 39 strains H. influenzae that were beta-lactamase negative but ampicillin intermediate or resistant (BLNAR) and, even more surprisingly, 17 beta-lactamase-positive isolates that were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate (BLPACR). Strains of H. influenzae in the first group have heretofore been very uncommon; organisms in the second group have not previously been described in the literature. The percentages of all study isolates comprised of BLNAR and BLPACR organisms were 2.5 and 1.1, respectively. Overall resistance to ampicillin was thus 38.9%, and that to amoxicillin-clavulanate was 4.5%.
Dipolar Properties of and Temperature Effects on the Electronic States of 3-Hydroxyflavone (3HF) Determined using Stark-Effect Spectroscopy and Compared to Electronic Structure Calculations

3-Hydroxyflavone (3HF) is a molecule that undergoes excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Using electroabsorption we have detected the small changes in dipole moment (|Δμ|) and polarizability ( ) resulting from photon absorption for 3HF embedded in a noninteracting polyethylene environment. The values of |Δμ| and obtained are also in good agreement with the results of ab initio 6-31G(2d,p) calculations but not with those obtained using INDO1/s. The electroabsorption spectra at 298 and at 77 K contain contributions from at least two overlapping electronic transitions within the wavelength region being probed. Two methods are discussed for extracting the electronic dipolar properties from these spectra that produce consistent results for the transition responsible for ESIPT. Interestingly, the relative intensities of the electroabsorption signals arising from the two electronic transitions studied here are observed to vary with temperature. The intensity change seen in the higher energy tran...
Breaking the Silence: The Moderating Effects of Self‐Monitoring in Predicting Speaking Up in the Workplace*

ABSTRACT Whereas both management scholars and practitioners emphasize the importance of employee input for improving workplace practices, research suggests that many employees are hesitant to express their opinions or voice their views because doing so might lead to retaliation. Consequently, they remain silent rather than speak up about workplace happenings, actions or ideas of others, needed changes, and other job-related issues. Drawing on various literatures, we developed and tested a conceptual scheme for examining the influence of self-monitoring on the relationships between two individual (locus of control and self-esteem) and two contextual (top-management openness and trust in supervisor) factors and speaking up. Data from 118 telecommunications employees and their coworkers provided supporting evidence. As predicted, low self-monitors, in comparison to high self-monitors, spoke up more often as internal locus of control, self-esteem, top-management openness, and trust in supervisor increased. The theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.
Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): the first 30 years (1968-1998)--a review.

Oxidation of ethanol via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) explains various metabolic effects of ethanol but does not account for the tolerance and a number of associated disorders that develop in the alcoholic. These were elucidated by the discovery of the microsomal metabolism of ethanol. The physiologic role of this system comprises gluconeogenesis from ketones, fatty acid metabolism, and detoxification of xenobiotics, including ethanol. After chronic ethanol consumption, the activity of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) increases, with an associated rise in cytochromes P-450, especially CYP2E1. This induction is associated with proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum, both in experimental animals and in humans. The role of MEOS in vivo and its increase after chronic ethanol consumption was shown most conclusively in alcohol dehydrogenase-negative deer mice. Enhanced ethanol oxidation is associated with cross-induction of the metabolism of other drugs, resulting in drug tolerance. Furthermore, there is increased conversion of known hepatotoxic agents (such as CCl4) to toxic metabolites, which may explain the enhanced susceptibility of alcoholics to the adverse effects of industrial solvents. CYP2E1 also has a high capacity to activate some commonly used drugs, such as acetaminophen, to their toxic metabolites, and to promote carcinogenesis (e.g., from dimethylnitrosamine). Moreover, catabolism of retinol is accelerated and there also is induction of microsomal enzymes involved in lipoprotein production, resulting in hyperlipemia. Contrasting with the chronic effects of ethanol consumption, acute ethanol intake inhibits the metabolism of other drugs through competition for the at least partially shared microsomal pathway. In addition, metabolism by CYP2E1 results in a significant free radical release and acetaldehyde production which, in turn, diminish reduced glutathione (GSH) and other defense systems against oxidative stress. Acetaldehyde also forms adducts with proteins, thereby altering the functions of mitochondria and of repair enzymes. Increases of CYP2E1 and its mRNA prevail in the perivenular zone, the area of maximal liver damage. CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, two other perivenular P-450s, can also sustain the metabolism of ethanol, thereby contributing to MEOS activity and possibly liver injury. By contrast, CYP2E1 inhibitors oppose alcohol-induced liver damage, but heretofore available compounds were too toxic for clinical use. Recently, however, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), an innocuous mixture of polyunsaturated lecithins extracted from soybeans, was discovered to decrease CYP2E1 activity. PPC (and its active component dilino-leoylphosphatidylcholine) also oppose hepatic oxidative stress and fibrosis. PPC is now being tested clinically for the prevention and treatment of liver disease in the alcoholic.
TPTS: A Novel Framework for Very Fast Manycore Processor Architecture Simulation

The slow speed of conventional execution-driven architecture simulators is a serious impediment to obtaining desirable research productivity. This paper proposes and evaluates a fast manycore processor simulation framework called two-phase trace-driven simulation (TPTS), which splits detailed timing simulation into a trace generation phase and a trace simulation phase. Much of the simulation overhead caused by uninteresting architectural events is only incurred once during the trace generation phase and can be omitted in the repeated trace-driven simulations. We design and implement tsim, an event-driven manycore processor simulator that models detailed memory hierarchy, interconnect, and coherence protocol models based on the proposed TPTS framework. By applying aggressive event filtering, tsim achieves an impressive simulation speed of 146 MIPS, when running 16-thread parallel applications.
The Steep Rise Of Gift Card Purchases By The Consumer Is Changing The Method Of Accounting And Reporting Of Gift Card Income By Corporate Retailers

The increasing popularity of gift card purchases by consumers and the corresponding increase in gift card sales in the retail industry has triggered changes in accounting disclosures and reporting requirements. The Financial Accounting Standards board, the Security and Exchange Commission and individual state legislatures have all begun to focused their attention on the various issues that are continually coming to the forefront as a result of the continuing rise in gift card transactions. The promulgations of these authoritative bodies have in turn affected the format and wording of the disclosures that are found in the annual reports or SEC filings of publicly held retail companies. An examination of 75 publicly traded retailers not only shows the similarities and differences of how gift card sales have affected disclosures but also how the very nature of gift card contracts and the ramifications of gift card sales has led to so many specific reporting and accounting difficulties.
Common blood laboratory values are associated with cognition among older inpatients referred for neuropsychological testing

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between common laboratory values and cognitive functioning among 129 inpatients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Laboratory values were recorded at admission, at the time point closest to neuropsychological evaluation, and at the time of peak metabolic derangement. Cognitive status was evaluated with the modified Mini-Mental State Exam. Patients with hyperglycemia, hypochloremia, and/or elevated creatinine at admission exhibited cognitive deficits. Patients with hyperglycemia, hyperchloremia, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, leukocytosis, low hemoglobin, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and/or elevated creatinine at the time of peak metabolic derangement exhibited cognitive deficits. Different lab abnormalities at the time of peak metabolic derangement accounted for unique patterns of neuropsychological impairment. Lab values drawn at the time point closest to neuropsychological evaluation were not significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Results support and quantify common clinical beliefs that metabolic abnormalities are associated with global cognitive changes among elderly inpatients.
On the spatial structure of coastal circulation off Newport, Oregon, during spring and summer 2001 in a region of varying shelf width

[1] A time series of hourly surface current maps in the shelf waters off Newport, Oregon, was made during April–September 2001 using five SeaSonde HF current mappers, during Coastal Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST). The surface currents responded rapidly to the changing winds, in repeated patterns that were strongly affected by bottom topography. An equatorward current jet repeatedly formed in response to upwelling winds, its strength, but not its trajectory, covarying with the meridional wind stress. Near Cape Foulweather (44.8°N), where the shelf begins to widen, the jet rotates, weakens, and trends offshore to the south first along, then across, the isobaths. Below Cape Foulweather, inshore of the jet, a lee region of generally weak currents was commonly observed. The equatorward jet core was most commonly observed near the 80-m isobath between 45.0°N and 44.4°N, but transited offshore between spring and summer over Heceta Bank. At Newport (44.6°N), it was rarely observed less than 8 km from the coast. A second, inshore, equatorward jet, previously unknown, was observed repeatedly south of Waldport (44.4°N). Sustained downwelling wind episodes produced poleward currents, though less responsively north of Cape Foulweather. Strongest poleward flow was generally trapped near the coast. Surface currents were correlated with the northward wind, except regionally far from shore over Heceta Bank, responding within half a day. Response to the wind varies spatially, being intensified in the narrow shelf (northern) region. The equatorward jet persists through periods of zero wind forcing. Coastal sea level covaries with the meridional wind and the primary mode of ocean current response.
Neural networks for learning inverse-kinematics of redundant manipulators

The problem of learning, the inverse-kinematics of redundant manipulators is considered. It is argued that this is an ill-posed, one-to-many-type problem with infinite solutions. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem to result in a unique solution. Using language multipliers, an energy function is defined to convert the latter into an unconstrained optimization problem. A learning algorithm for the adjustment of the connection weights in the network to minimize the energy function is presented. The trained network, upon receiving end-effector's desired velocity, will produce unique minimum-norm velocity required for the joints. >
Adult-onset adrenoleukodystrophy presenting after chemotherapy: No black and white matter.

A 43-year-old right-handed man presented after 6 months of subacute cognitive decline following chemotherapy treatment for multiple myeloma. His initial presentation of hematuria was assessed with serum protein electrophoresis and ultimately bone marrow biopsy. Prior to this diagnosis, he was functioning well at his job as a salesman, but 2 months after diagnosis, he noticed difficulties performing calculations and had increasing visuospatial symptoms (e.g., he became lost while driving on several occasions). He then began a 6-month chemotherapy regimen of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone. Over the next 4 months, he noted increasing difficulty processing information at work, necessitating him to take disability leave. Brain MRI with and without contrast demonstrated symmetrical subcortical confluent white matter changes on T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images with subtle contrast enhancement in the posterior corpus callosum (figure). The patient was referred to neurology clinic with concerns of chemotherapy-induced leukoencephalopathy.
Natural Language Based Inference Procedures Applied to Schubert''s Steamroller

We have previously argued that the syntactic structure of natural language can be exploited to construct powerful polynomial time inference procedures. This paper supports the earlier arguments by demonstrating that a natural language based polynomial time procedure can solve Schubert's steamroller in a single step.
Christianity and Food: Recent Scholarly Trends

Today's scholarship on Christianity's relationships with, to, and through foods, performatively, theologically, and ethically, must address global constituents and claims. Recent scholarship on Christianity and food moves from the usual markets of textual research, socio-cultural histories, and ethnography to more interdisciplinary approaches stirred by global Christian communities and concerns. This article highlights shifts in more traditional, field-related scholarship about Christianity and food while demonstrating why global Christian perspectives not only build from that research but also push beyond it. The field-related scholarship is reviewed using four frames or categories, offered as organizing and heuristic help. They are the following: socio-cultural and comparative; lived religion and ethnography; feminist, womanist, and liberatory; and global. Two types of material broadly inform these frames: historical and textual, and ethnographic and lived or practiced religion. The current and future diversity, needs, and claims of global Christian communities and contexts cannot be contained or wedged into scholarship traditionally bound to these field-situated approaches. Scholarship related to Christianity, and food must embrace interdisciplinary and innovative strategies shared among world-wide scholars and practitioners. From questions about community identity, to celebratory feasting and observant fasting during, cultural and seasonal cycles, including Eucharist and earth care, the future of research in global Christianity and food promises a feast of possibilities. Scholars will find a rich range of challenging issues involving faith and practice tuned to global viewpoint on ritual and performance, theologies, colonial resistances, and global alliances and politics.
Signal isolation in BiCMOS mixed mode integrated circuits

Comparing several cross-talk reduction schemes using two-dimensional device simulation and measurements on silicon has shown that while SOI based processes provide high isolation from cross-talk, fully junction isolated wells can provide equal or better cross-talk immunity at a lesser expense. Simple guard ring substrate contacts appear to be the technique best suited for preventing cross-talk at high operating frequencies. A lumped parameter equivalent circuit has also been developed to simulate fully junction isolated wells in SPICE.
The effects of computer-based writing tasks and mode of discourse on the performance and attitudes of writers of varying abilities

Abstract In this study 48 students participated in a 14-week study which focused on the use of word processing to promote the writing of descriptive, narrative, expository, and persuasive essays. Sixteen of the 48 students were of low writing ability, 16 of medium writing ability, and 16 of high writing ability. Three dependent measures were used: (a) essay quality, (b) writing apprehension, and (c) computer anxiety. The student writers randomly wrote on the four modes of discourse at the 5-week point, the 8-week point, the 11-week point, and the 14-week point. For example, some writers wrote a narrative at Week 5, whereas others wrote a persuasive or expository or descriptive essay. In this 3 (Writing Ability: low, medium, high) × 4 (Mode of Discourse: persuasive, expository, descriptive, narrative) × 4 (Task Occasion: Week 5, Week 8, Week 11, Week 14) design, it was found that students, regardless of ability, improved across the four task occasions and produced their best essays when writing narratives and their worst when writing persuasives. Descriptives and expositories were in-between. Low ability writers needed more time before writing improvement was evident than medium and high ability writers. It was also found that writing apprehension and computer anxiety decreased, for the most part, across the four writing occasions with low ability writers always having more apprehension and anxiety than medium and high ability writers. These attitudes also fluctuated, depending on the writing task, with relatively lower attitudes being associated with narratives and higher attitudes being associated with persuasives. As with essay quality, medium levels of writing apprehension and computer anxiety were associated with expositories and descriptions. For all three dependent measures there were significant main effects, all of which were qualified by significant two-way interactions. Usually these interactions were due to a delay in improved performance or in decreased apprehension or anxiety on the part of the low ability writers.
Comparative Effects of Chemical Structure and Environment on the Adsorption of Surfactants at the L/A Interface and on Micellization

Although the critical micelle concentration of a surfactant is often used as a measure of its surface activity and thus of its tendency to adsorb at interfaces, micellization and adsorption at the liquid/air interface do not necessarily run parallel to each other. Both adsorption at the liquid/air interface, as measured by the free energy of adsorption, and micellization, as measured by the free energy of micellization, do increase in parallel fashion with increase in the number of carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrophobic group. This may be responsible for the belief that the cmc is a good indicator of surface activity. However, adsorption at the liquid/air interface and micellization each respond very differently to other structural changes in the surfactant molecule or to changes in its environment in solution.
On the performance degradation from one-bit quantized detection

It is common signal detection practice to base tests on quantized data and frequently, as in decentralized detection, this quantization is extreme: to a single bit. As to the accompanying degradation in performance, certain cases (such as that of an additive signal model and an efficacy measure) are well-understood. However, there has been little treatment of more general cases. In this correspondence we explore the possible performance loss from two perspectives. We examine the Chernoff exponent and discover a nontrivial lower bound on the relative efficiency of an optimized one-bit quantized detector as compared to unquantized. We then examine the case of finite sample size and discover a family of nontrivial bounds. These are upper bounds on the probability of detection for an unquantized system given a specified quantized performance, given that both systems operate at the same false-alarm rate.
A level-2 reformulation–linearization technique bound for the quadratic assignment problem

Abstract This paper studies polyhedral methods for the quadratic assignment problem. Bounds on the objective value are obtained using mixed 0–1 linear representations that result from a reformulation–linearization technique (rlt). The rlt provides different “levels” of representations that give increasing strength. Prior studies have shown that even the weakest level-1 form yields very tight bounds, which in turn lead to improved solution methodologies. This paper focuses on implementing level-2. We compare level-2 with level-1 and other bounding mechanisms, in terms of both overall strength and ease of computation. In so doing, we extend earlier work on level-1 by implementing a Lagrangian relaxation that exploits block-diagonal structure present in the constraints. The bounds are embedded within an enumerative algorithm to devise an exact solution strategy. Our computer results are notable, exhibiting a dramatic reduction in nodes examined in the enumerative phase, and allowing for the exact solution of large instances.
Culture-proven Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Homosexual Man with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract A 35-year-old homosexual man with cytomegalovirus viremia developed retinitis. He also had a new syndrome consisting of a persistent T-lymphocyte deficit, Pneumocystis pneumonia, recurrent Candida albicans esophagitis, skin ulcerations caused by herpes simplex virus, Type 2, disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, and molluscum contagiosum. Histopathologic examination revealed bilateral necrotizing retinitis with virions in retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve tissues. Postmortem cultures of retina and vitreous were positive for cytomegalovirus.
Marketing Channels: Functions and Support

This note provides a brief overview of the functions performed by channel members. Excerpt UVA-M-0569 MARKETING CHANNELS: FUNCTIONS AND SUPPORT A marketing channel is a set of institutions or agencies that moves a product from the producer to the consumer (Stern et al., 1996, p. 8). A marketing channel includes those organizations or agencies that buy, sell, or transfer title to products or services as they move from the manufacturer to the end user (Rosenbloom 1987, p. 5). It excludes other organizations that facilitate the movement of goods or services, but do not perform “negotiatory functions” (e.g., buying, selling, or transferring title to goods and services). A highly stylized channel consists of a manufacturer who supplies a wholesaler, who in turn provides a retailer. (Over the next few weeks we will encounter more complicated channel structures.) Following one well-known distribution expert, we define a retailer as a channel member that sells “goods and services to ultimate consumers for personal consumption.” In contrast, a wholesaler sells goods or services for resale or for “business, industrial, or institutional use” (Stern et al. 1996, p. 50). Notice that, under this definition, Staples is both a retailer and a wholesaler! Exhibit 1 defines several common types of wholesale institutions. Note, however, that this Exhibit is not exhaustive. Marketing Channel Functions Marketing channels perform the following generic functions: collecting market information, stimulating demand, carrying inventory, physically distributing products, supporting transactions, and providing after-sale service. Some of these functions are straightforward; but several merit a few words of explanation. . . .
A scalable communication-aware compilation flow for programmable accelerators

Programmable accelerators (PA) are receiving increased attention in domain-specific architecture designs to provide more general support for customization. In a PA-rich system, computational kernels are compiled into predefined PA templates and dynamically mapped to real PAs at runtime. This imposes a demanding challenge on the compiler side - that is, how to generate high-quality PA mapping code. Another important concern is the communication cost among PAs: if not handled properly at compile time, data transfers among tens or hundreds of accelerators in a PA-rich system will limit the overall performance gain. In this paper we present an efficient PA compilation flow, which is scalable for mapping large computation kernels into PA-rich architectures. Communication overhead is modeled and optimized in the proposed flow to reduce runtime data transfers among accelerators. Experimental results show that for 12 computation-intensive standard benchmarks, the proposed approach significantly improves compilation scalability, mapping quality and overall communication cost compared to state-of-art PA compilation approaches. We also evaluate the proposed flow on a recently developed PA-rich platform [1]; the final performance gain is improved by 49.5% on average.
Transient retroviral transfection for single patient cancer immunotherapy

RESULTS: 20 patients underwent TORS with neck dissection being performed in 6 (30%) patients. Site of primary disease was oropharyngeal in 18 (90%) and hypopharynx (10%) in 2 patients. Positive margin was seen in 1 (5%) patient. 1 patient required tracheostomy during the procedure. Postoperative complications such as hemorrhage requiring active intervention occurred in 3 (15%) patients. Average blood loss was 28.023.13 mL with no patient requiring transfusion. Postoperatively, majority of the patients had adequate swallowing and speech function with nasal twang reported in 2 patients. Patients started tolerating oral feeds within a week of procedure (5.683.67 days) with nasogastric tube being removed on 13th post op day (12.758.04 days). PEG insertion was done in 2 (10%) patients. Average hospital stay was 3.881.57 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that TORS offers a safe, feasible and minimally invasive salvage surgical approach for previously irradiated patients with residual or recurrent disease with an acceptable oncological and functional outcome.
High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Mesh Resolved Turbulent Flow Simulations of a NACA 0012 Airfoil (Invited)

A parallel high-order Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is used to simulate turbulent flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil. Using a family of high-density grids (available on the NASA turbulence modeling resource website) mesh resolved solutions are obtained. The flow is simulated by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the negative Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The flow conditions for this case are: α = 10, M = .15, and Re = 6 × 10. Lift, drag, pitching moment, pressure, and skin friction coefficients are provided for multiple grids and discretization orders and compared against other simulation results from the CFL3D and FUN3D solvers. The DG simulations give very similar results to these solvers and which further verifies both the DG solver and the other methods as having mesh resolved solutions. Also, it is shown that p-refinement converges quicker to the mesh resolved solutions compared to h-refinement.
Figures of Nineteenth-Century Biopower in Samuel Butler's Erewhon

Given its nearly reversed title and antipodean origins, critics sometimes refer to Erewhon as a “back-to-front” text; however, Butler's satire is less a tale of reversals than of ideological contra...
Phenoxybenzamine induced pulmonary hypertension in calves.

SummaryThe effect of 50 mg of phenoxybenzamine on the pulmonary and systemic circulations were studied in unanesthetized normal calves and calves with Brisket Disease. Typically, within 10 seconds of injection the PA pressure increased significantly reaching a peak in 30-60 sec. There was a transient fall in Ao pressure and rise in heart rate, while CO and PAW pressure remained constant. Phentolamine failed to induce similar effects in calves. Pretreatment of calves with indomethacin significantly blunted the phenoxybenzamine induced PA pressure response. Thus, this study demostrates that the bovine pulmonary circulation is sensitive to relatively small amounts of phenoxybenzamine. The mechanism of this effect is unknown.
Rodent density surveillance in Qingshan district Wuhan city

Objective To grasp the population composition and seasonal fluctuation of rats in Qingshan district Wuhan city.Methods Night trap method was used to monitor the rodent density monthly.Surveillance data of rodent density from the year of 2006 to 2012 were collected and analyzed.Results 353 rats belonging to 3 species were captured.Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species accounting for 92.4%,followed by Mus musculus(3.1%) and Rattus tanezumi(4.5%).Two density peaks appeared in spring and autumn.Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is the dominant species in Qingshan district.Integrated measures should be conducted to reduce the rodent density.
Effect of Smad4 on development of eyelid

AIM: To investigate the functional role of Smad4 in controlling the development of eyelid. METHODS: Using the Pax6 promoter-driven Cre transgenic mice,we conditionally inactivated Smad4 in the lens,cornea and ectoderm of the eyelids.HE staining was used to reveal the morphological changes in mutant mouse eyelids.Immunostaining for some key proteins was performed to detect the difference between wild-type and mutant mouse eyelids.The cell death and proliferation were compared between these 2 groups. RESULTS: Removal of Smad4 from the ectoderm of eyelid caused disruption to eyelids fusion and eyelids remained open at birth.Our data showed that inactivation of Smad4 in eyelid did not affect the cell differentiation and cell death of the eyelid epithelium,but led to impair the phosphorylation of c-Jun and nuclear translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in the epithelial cells,which resulted in the disabled assembly of actin bundles in the epithelium.Therefore,epithelial migration was disrupted and eyelid closure failure occurred. CONCLUSION: Smad4 is required for the growth and fusion of eyelids.
Cohousing as Civic Society: Cohousing Involvement and Political Participation in the United States†

Objective The civic-society literature argues that members of voluntary civic associations engage in community building and other activities that hone political skills and cultivate a sense of efficacy, which can lead to higher levels of participation in politics. This study situates cohousing in the civic-society literature and asks whether cohousing as a form of civic association encourages participation in electoral politics. Methods Data from the U.S. National Cohousing Survey, Phase III were used in bivariate correlation, Jonckheere-Terpstra, and chi-square procedures to test the hypothesis that cohousing involvement facilitates political participation. Results There were ordered increases in levels of the dependent variable, political activities index, for increasing levels of cohousing-involvement variables. Chi-square tests were significant for relationships between cohousing-involvement variables and three dummy variables comprised of the activities included in political activities index—writing to Congress increased (since moving to cohousing), campaign contributions increased, and campaigning door-to-door increased. Conclusions The chi-square results bolstered the evidence, on an aggregate level, in support of the hypothesis. Cohousing holds out promise as a means of revitalizing democratic citizenship.
Effects of epinephrine on resisitive and compliant properties of the canine vasculature

The peripheral circulation of 22 anesthetized dogs was separated into three parallel regions, where the outflow from each region could be measured and both outflow and inflow pressures could be con...
Large Scale High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamic Fields and Currents

This paper provides an overview as well as the application of the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure. AMIE synthesizes observations from various ground-based and space-born instruments to derive global patterns of ionospheric conductance, electric fields, ionospheric equivalent current, horizontal currents, field-aligned currents, and other related electrodynamic fields simultaneously. Examples are presented to illustrate the effects of the different data inputs on the AMIE outputs. The AMIE patterns derived from ground magnetometer data are generally similar to those derived from satellite magnetometer data. But ground magnetometer data yield a cross-polar potential drop that is about 15–45 % smaller than that derived from satellite magnetometer data. Ground magnetometers also grossly underestimate the magnetic perturbations in space when compared with the in situ satellite magnetometer data. However, when satellite magnetometer data are employed, AMIE is able to replicate the observed magnetic perturbations along the satellite tracks with a mean root-mean-square (RMS) error of 17–21 %. In addition to derive snapshots of ionospheric electrodynamic fields, the utility of AMIE can be easily expanded to obtain the average distributions of these fields along with their associated variability. Such information should be valuable to the analysis and interpretation of the Swarm observations.