cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stern’s Theory of Speech Development

Stern’s purely intellectualistic perspective on the child’s speech and its development has changed less over the years than any other aspect of his theoretical system. In fact, it has been reinforced, consolidated, and further developed in the course of his work. Nowhere does the restricted nature, the internal inconsistency, and the scientific inadequacy of Stern’s philosophical and psychological personalism or his idealism emerge more self-evidently than in his perspective on the child’s speech.
Natural Fiber-Based Biocomposites

Due to the depletion of fossil resources such as crude oil, coal and natural gas, the impact of energy crisis is becoming more severe as seen from the intense fluctuation of the crude oil price. The growing public concern of using petroleum-based synthetic polymers has stimulated the interest in biodegradable materials from the renewable resources. Recent years have seen a remarkable progress in the development of biocomposites. There is abundant literature concerning the physical properties, manufacturing, applications, and many other aspects of biocomposite research. In this chapter, biodegradable polymers and fillers are introduced in details. A brief overview of some key elements in biocomposites research is given, including surface modification of natural fibers; classification of biocomposites and their general properties; manufacturing of the biocomposites; and applications of the biocomposites.
Genealogie: Eine Analytik moderner Macht

In der Archaologie des Wissens hatte Foucault bereits davon gesprochen, das der Diskurs ein Gegenstand von Kampfen, Strategien und Auseinandersetzungen ist. Das war nur konsequent, denn obwohl sich bei ihm zunehmend eine allein auf die internen Regeln von Diskursen abhebende Sicht durchgesetzt hatte, war doch auch (vor allem in den fruheren Arbeiten) die Verschrankung von sozialer Praxis und wissenschaftlichem Diskurs Thema. Diese Fragestellung erobert sich Foucault nun Anfang der siebziger Jahre mit einem verbluffenden theoretischen Handstreich zuruck. Denn was er in seiner beruhmten Antrittsvorlesung Die Ordnung des Diskurses am College de France 1970 entfaltet, mutet zunachst wie ein Ruckfall in geschichtsphilosophische Denkfiguren an. Statt gemas der archaologischen Einstellung nur an konkreten Apriori, bestimmten Bruchen und regionalen Wissensformen interessiert zu sein, entfaltet Foucault hier ein »Meta-Narrativ« (Lyotard), also die geschichtsubergreifende Erzahlform eines die abendlandische Geschichte und Wissensgeschichte zugleich durchdringenden Grundprinzips. Ein »Wille zur Wahrheit«, so Foucault, durchherrscht das westliche Denken und Handeln seit dem Bruch mit der vorsokratischen Seinserfahrung. Ihm hatte sich alles Denken — wenn auch in unterschiedlichen Graden und Konfigurationen — zu unterwerfen.
jUAV: A Java Based System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Paparazzi UAV is one of the most popular open-source Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms in use today. The code base of Paparazzi UAV has served as the basis for both C and Java open-source benchmarks for real-time embedded systems. These benchmarks, PapaBench and jPapaBench, have been widely accepted by their respective communities as they provide a representative and complex workload. However PapaBench and jPapaBench do not utilize a functional simulation in their execution, but rather focus on testing the contention between tasks.In this paper, we first detail our attempt at adapting jPapaBench to utilize the New Paparazzi Simulator (NPS) developed by the Paparazzi UAV team, which provides the underlying sensor models and allows for the use of different Flight Dynamic Models (FDM), which simulate actual environmental influence on the airframe [1]. We then compare jPapaBench performance to its C-based inspiration, Paparazzi UAV. Our results show that jPapaBench is quite different in implementation and performance from Paparazzi UAV. Following this finding, we target a more direct port of Paparazzi UAV to Java named jUAV using a one-component-at-a-time approach, allowing for each component to be validated in isolation for correctness. The paper then compares the correctness of the initial prototype of jUAV consisting of a subset of the Paparazzi UAV code implemented in Java. We believe that jUAV will be greatly beneficial to the real-time Java community since it will provide a means for benchmarking a real-time Java Virtual Machine (JVM) with representative real-world workloads and allowing for an open-source solution used for flying airframes using real-time Java.
Future scenarios for the prevention and delay of alzheimer disease onset in high-risk groups:: An ethical perspective

Abstract Context: Alzheimer disease (AD) presents a major scientific and social challenge in our aging society. Strategies to prevent or delay onset of symptoms, as well as to prevent the decline into the advanced stage, are urgently needed. While these strategies do not yet exist in a proven and clinically applicable form, the science is progressing rapidly. Objectives: The pre-eminent goal is to identify asymptomatic persons at high risk for AD and to then apply pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that delay onset of disease. In this scenario, genetic susceptibility testing may eventually prove accurate enough to be of use in identifying at-risk individuals decades before probable onset, allowing maximal preventive efforts. Second, an important goal is to delay or prevent the onset of moderate and advanced AD through applying compounds that slow the progression of disease, thereby allowing patients to die of unrelated ailments of old age before they lose their capacities to recognize loved ones and to communicate by speech. Conclusions: This article provides a discussion of these strategies with attention to a variety of ethical issues that should be of concern to physicians and caregivers. An assessment of the scientific evidence for preventing or delaying AD should be coupled with values analysis.
Utility of a musical mnemonic to teach CPR compression rate based on musical skills

The aim of this study was to explore whether healthcare providers’ perceptual musical skill affects the rate at which they give chest compressions while using a popular medical mnemonic. In the authors’ experiences, medical personnel are commonly taught to administer chest compressions to the beat of the classic disco song ‘Stayin’ Alive’ by the Bee Gees, which has a rhythm of 103 beats per minute. In this observational cohort study, physicians and nurses sang ‘Stayin’ Alive’ and then performed chest compressions on a manikin. The subjects were divided into two groups depending on their performance on the rhythm and tempo subtests of the Profile of Music Perception Skills test. Those scored in the top 50th percentile and those who scored in the bottom 50th percentile spent 27% and 52% of the time, respectively, in the prescribed 100–120 compressions per minute range, with a mean difference of 25% (95% CI −4% to 53%). Each year, approximately 535 200 individuals experience a sudden cardiac arrest in the USA. 209 000 of these events occur in the hospital setting, where survival to hospital discharge is only 25.4%.1 Quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), specifically deep compressions at a proper rate of at least 100 compressions per minute …
Reciprocal value sharing in manufacturer-retailer relationships: the case of new product introductions

Prior literature examined reciprocity in the context of value creation. However, research has yet to examine whether reciprocity exists in value sharing. To address this gap, the authors examine retailer’s reciprocal value sharing with its manufacturer in relation to new product introductions. The authors test, via a survey of retail managers, whether reciprocal value sharing is influenced by an interaction of manufacturer’s prior new product success with innovativeness of a manufacturer’s products and the frequency of new product introduction. The results indicate that a retailer’s reciprocal value sharing is greater when the manufacturer historically launched successful new products, and that this effect is decreased with the innovativeness of a manufacturer’s products but increased with the frequency of new product introduction.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of chronic pruritus.

Chronic pruritus is defined as itch lasting 6 weeks or longer. Although chronic pruritus has a significant burden of disease, there are currently no FDA approved treatments specifically targeting p...
The History of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer Issues in Higher Education

This historiographical essay surveys histories of higher education that have examined lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) issues as a central theme, or included substantial analysis of LGBTQ issues as part of a larger argument. The focus is decidedly on experiences of sexual minorities in higher education, as students, professors, or administrative staff, and related issues. The thematic overview of this literature begins with early work that simply established the presence of LGBTQ people in the academy. Sexual politics shifted in the middle decades of the twentieth century so that by the post-World War II era government purges of homosexuals made their appearance on college campuses. A considerable part of the bibliography on the history of LGBTQ issues in higher education addresses these purges. Scholarship on LGBTQ students’ efforts to organize on campuses, and work on gender and sexuality that intersects with LGBTQ themes in higher education (in particular, studies of masculinity and the late-twentieth century sexual revolution) round out the analysis.
Reagent-Controlled Synthesis of the Branched Trisaccharide Fragment of the Antibiotic Saccharomicin B.

A concise synthesis of a branched trisaccharide, α-l-Dig-(1 → 3)-[α-l-Eva-(1 → 4)]-β-d-Fuc, corresponding to saccharomicin B, has been developed via reagent-controlled α-selective glycosylations. S...
Autologous CD19-Targeted CAR T Cells in Patients with Residual CLL following Initial Purine Analog-Based Therapy

Patients with residual chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) following initial purine analog-based chemoimmunotherapy exhibit a shorter duration of response and may benefit from novel therapeutic strategies. We and others have previously described the safety and efficacy of autologous T cells modified to express anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and CLL. Here we report the use of CD19-targeted CAR T cells incorporating the intracellular signaling domain of CD28 (19-28z) as a consolidative therapy in 8 patients with residual CLL following first-line chemoimmunotherapy with pentostatin, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. Outpatients received low-dose conditioning therapy with cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2), followed by escalating doses of 3 × 106, 1 × 107, or 3 × 107 19-28z CAR T cells/kg. An objective response was observed in 3 of 8 patients (38%), with a clinically complete response lasting more than 28 months observed in two patients. Self-limited fevers were observed post-CAR T cell infusion in 4 patients, contemporaneous with elevations in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-2, and TGF-α. None developed severe cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity. CAR T cells were detectable post-infusion in 4 patients, with a longest observed persistence of 48 days by qPCR. Further strategies to enhance CAR T cell efficacy in CLL are under investigation.
Procedural Fair Use

This article explores the advantages of opt-out plans, and identifies a critical shortcoming in Copyright's doctrine of Fair Use. The discussion is fueled by a current controversy: In December of 2004, Google, Inc. announced its plan to digitally scan thousands of copyrighted books as part of a massive new digital indexing service. Hedging against possible litigation, Google provided a free and easy opt-out procedure for authors who didn't want their books scanned. Despite this measure, two major authors' groups have sued Google, claiming the opt-out plan imposes an unfair burden. This article explores the fairness of established opt-outs in contract law, privacy law, and class action rules. Further, the discussion explores how Copyright already places similar burdens upon authors. Ultimately, these lessons are applied to the Google Book Search problem, and an important new Fair Use consideration is identified.
Population genomics of Culiseta melanura, the principal vector of Eastern equine encephalitis virus in the United States.

Background Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus that circulates in an enzootic cycle involving Culiseta melanura mosquitoes and wild Passeriformes birds in freshwater swamp habitats. Recently, the northeastern United States has experienced an intensification of virus activity with increased human involvement and northward expansion into new regions. In addition to its principal role in enzootic transmission of EEE virus among avian hosts, recent studies on the blood-feeding behavior of Cs. melanura throughout its geographic range suggest that this mosquito may also be involved in epizootic / epidemic transmission to equines and humans in certain locales. Variations in blood feeding behavior may be a function of host availability, environmental factors, and/or underlying genetic differences among regional populations. Despite the importance of Cs. melanura in transmission and maintenance of EEE virus, the genetics of this species remains largely unexplored. Methodology and principle findings To investigate the occurrence of genetic variation in Cs. melanura, the genome of this mosquito vector was sequenced resulting in a draft genome assembly of 1.28 gigabases with a contig N50 of 93.36 kilobases. Populations of Cs. melanura from 10 EEE virus foci in the eastern North America were genotyped with double-digest RAD-seq. Following alignment of reads to the reference genome, variant calling, and filtering, 40,384 SNPs were retained for downstream analyses. Subsequent analyses revealed genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations of this mosquito species. Moreover, limited fine-scale population structure was detected throughout northeastern North America, suggesting local differentiation of populations but also a history of ancestral polymorphism or contemporary gene flow. Additionally, a genetically distinct cluster was identified predominantly at two northern sites. Conclusion and significance This study elucidates the first evidence of fine-scale population structure in Cs. melanura throughout its eastern range and detects evidence of gene flow between populations in northeastern North America. This investigation provides the groundwork for examining the consequences of genetic variations in the populations of this mosquito species that could influence vector-host interactions and the risk of human and equine infection with EEE virus.
Sexually dimorphic tumor suppression by small mitochondrial Arf

Internal translational initiation of the mRNA encoding the Arf tumor suppressor yields an N-terminally truncated small Arf protein (smArf) that lacks amino acid residues required for Mdm2 binding and p53 activation. Here, we report that female, but not male, mice engineered to produce only smArf in lieu of the full-length Arf protein retain residual, sexually dimorphic tumor suppressive activity.
Frequency Modulated Parametric Oscillation for Antenna Powered Wireless Transmission of Voltage Sensing Signals

Wireless transmission of voltage signals are particularly useful for sensors embedded inside a closed environment where long-term operation without internal batteries is desirable. For this purpose, voltage tuning resonators can be used, because their voltage-dependent frequency responses can be contactlessly characterized by loop antennas connected to the output and input ports of a network analyzer. However, such passive sensors have limited remote detectability and temporal resolution, especially for smaller frequency shifts that would require repetitive averaging for acceptable measurement accuracy. To overcome these limitations, a double frequency parametric resonator is inductively coupled with a voltage tuning resonator to convert resonance frequency shifts of the passive sensor into frequency encoded oscillation signals that can be instantaneously detected over larger distance separations. This antenna powered FM transmitter has a compact design to achieve good voltage sensitivity and linearity, making it potentially useful for multiple applications from PH sensing to electrophysiological recording.
Surgical Biomechanics: Principles of Procedure Choice

Surgical treatment of foot and ankle ailments is common, but in the past the choice of procedures was often dictated principally by positional considerations. This article reviews the use of the 2 primary biomechanical approaches, the kinematic and kinetic methods, and presents a novel unified method to guide surgical procedure choice, the kineticokinematic approach. Decision-making methods and resources are discussed and 2 case studies are presented to elucidate how this method may be used when choosing surgical procedures.
A Code-Domain RF Signal Processing Front End With High Self-Interference Rejection and Power Handling for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive

A code-domain transceiver front end that incorporates a transmit modulator and a receive (RX) RF signal correlator is presented. An integrate-and-dump $N$ -path filter improves rejection by 8 dB. We propose an RF chopper switch with 12.1-/23.1-dBm P1dB/IIP3 for both RF correlation and filtering that rejects TX self-interference by 49.5 dB. Walsh and Barker codes are generated with fine and coarse tuning for synchronization. The RX power consumption is 18 mW, including dynamic power (1-V supply) and four analog amplifiers (1.5 V) at the operating frequency of 1 GHz and the code rate of 200 megachip-per-second (Mc/s). The TX modulator operates to RF power levels up to 34.3 dBm and consumes less than 40 mW for 300 Mc/s. Over the air testing demonstrates synchronization with Barker codes.
Utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy in “ideal candidates” with stage III colon cancer.

4103Background: Prior studies have observed under-utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in stage III colon cancer. Our aims were to observe the rate of utilization of ACT in very healthy or “i...
Neuropathological correlates of cortical superficial siderosis in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Cortical superficial siderosis is an established haemorrhagic neuroimaging marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In fact, cortical superficial siderosis is emerging as a strong independent risk factor for future lobar intracerebral haemorrhage. However, the underlying neuropathological correlates and pathophysiological mechanisms of cortical superficial siderosis remain elusive. Here we use an in vivo MRI, ex vivo MRI, histopathology approach to assess the neuropathological correlates and vascular pathology underlying cortical superficial siderosis. Fourteen autopsy cases with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (mean age at death 73 years, nine males) and three controls (mean age at death 91 years, one male) were included in the study. Intact formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were scanned on a 3 T MRI scanner. Cortical superficial siderosis was assessed on ex vivo gradient echo and turbo spin echo MRI sequences and compared to findings on available in vivo MRI. Subsequently, 11 representative areas in four cases with available in vivo MRI scans were sampled for histopathological verification of MRI-defined cortical superficial siderosis. In addition, samples were taken from predefined standard areas of the brain, blinded to MRI findings. Serial sections were stained for haematoxylin and eosin and Perls' Prussian blue, and immunohistochemistry was performed against amyloid-β and GFAP. Cortical superficial siderosis was present on ex vivo MRI in 8/14 cases (57%) and 0/3 controls (P = 0.072). Histopathologically, cortical superficial siderosis corresponded to iron-positive haemosiderin deposits in the subarachnoid space and superficial cortical layers, indicative of chronic bleeding events originating from the leptomeningeal vessels. Increased severity of cortical superficial siderosis was associated with upregulation of reactive astrocytes. Next, cortical superficial siderosis was assessed on a total of 65 Perls'-stained sections from MRI-targeted and untargeted sampling combined in cerebral amyloid angiopathy cases. Moderate-to-severe cortical superficial siderosis was associated with concentric splitting of the vessel wall (an advanced form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related vascular damage) in leptomeningeal vessels (P < 0.0001), but reduced cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity in cortical vessels (P = 0.048). In terms of secondary tissue injury, moderate-to-severe cortical superficial siderosis was associated with the presence of microinfarcts (P = 0.025), though not microbleeds (P = 0.973). Collectively, these data suggest that cortical superficial siderosis on MRI corresponds to iron-positive deposits in the superficial cortical layers, representing the chronic manifestation of bleeding episodes from leptomeningeal vessels. Cortical superficial siderosis appears to be the result of predominantly advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy of the leptomeningeal vessels and may trigger secondary ischaemic injury in affected areas.
Free Falling: Declining Inflation-Adjusted Payment for Arthroplasty Surgeons

Abstract Background Over the past decade, there have been ongoing concerns over declining surgeon compensation for lower extremity arthroplasty. We aimed to determine changes in surgeon payment, patient charges, and overall reimbursement rates for patients undergoing unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA) and both primary and revision total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty. Methods Using Medicare data from 2012 to 2017, we determined inflation-adjusted changes in annual surgeon payment (professional fee), patient charges, and reimbursement rate (payment-to-charge ratio) for UKA and primary/revision TKA and THA. Both nonweighted and weighted (by procedure frequency/volume) means were calculated. Results Inflation-adjusted surgeon payment decreased for all procedures analyzed, with primary TKA (−17%) and THA (−11%) falling the most. Payment for UKA increased the most (+30%). There was a small increase in charges for THA revision (+2.2%, +2.1%, and +3.2% for acetabulum only, femur only, and both components, respectively). Charges for primary TKA (−3.7%) and THA (−1.5%) decreased slightly. The reimbursement rate for all procedures fell with UKA (−15%), TKA (−14%), and THA (−10%) falling the most. After weighting by procedure frequency/volume and combining all surgeries, average charges fell slightly (−0.7%), whereas surgeon payment (−13%) and reimbursement rate (−12%) fell more sharply. Conclusion Although patient charges have grown in pace with the inflationary rate for primary and revision TKA and THA, surgeon payment and reimbursement rates have fallen sharply. The orthopedic community needs to be aware of these financial trends to communicate to payers and health care policy makers the importance of protecting a sustainable payment infrastructure.
Questioning Cause and Effect: Children with Severe Asthma Exhibit High Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers Including Beta-Hexosaminidase, but Low Levels of Vitamin A and Immunoglobulins

Asthma affects over 8% of the pediatric population in the United States, and Memphis, Tennessee has been labeled an asthma capital. Plasma samples were analyzed for biomarker profiles from 95 children with severe asthma and 47 age-matched, hospitalized nonasthmatic controls at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital in Memphis, where over 4000 asthmatics are cared for annually. Asthmatics exhibited significantly higher levels of periostin, surfactant protein D, receptor for advanced glycation end products and β-hexosaminidase compared to controls. Children with severe asthma had lower levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgA, and higher levels of IgE compared to controls, and approximately half of asthmatics exhibited IgG1 levels that were below age-specific norms. Vitamin A levels, measured by the surrogate retinol-binding protein, were insufficient or deficient in most asthmatic children, and correlated positively with IgG1. Which came first, asthma status or low levels of vitamin A and immunoglobulins? It is likely that inflammatory disease and immunosuppressive drugs contributed to a reduction in vitamin A and immunoglobulin levels. However, a nonmutually exclusive hypothesis is that low dietary vitamin A caused reductions in immune function and rendered children vulnerable to respiratory disease and consequent asthma pathogenesis. Continued attention to nutrition in combination with the biomarker profile is recommended to prevent and treat asthma in vulnerable children.
The effect of dry needling on gastrocnemius muscle stiffness and strength in participants with latent trigger points.

Abstract Abnormal muscle stiffness is a potential complication after injury and identifying interventions that modify muscle stiffness may be useful to promote recovery. The purpose of this study was to identify the short-term effects of dry needling (DN) on resting and contracted gastrocnemius muscle stiffness and strength of the triceps surae in individuals with latent myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). In this randomized controlled trial, 52 individuals received two DN treatment sessions to latent MTrPs and 50 individuals received two sham needling sessions. Resting and contracted muscle stiffness were assessed both at the treatment site and a standardized central site in the medial gastrocnemius head immediately post-treatment and one week after the last session. There were significant group by time interactions for resting muscle stiffness at the site of the MTrP (p = .03), but not at the central site (p = .29). Post-needling between group comparison indicated that the DN group had significantly lower resting muscle stiffness at the site of the MTrP than the sham group after adjusting for baseline differences. There were no significant between group differences in contracted muscle stiffness or muscle strength. Identifying strategies that can reduce aberrant muscle stiffness may help to guide management of individuals with neuromuscular pain-related conditions. Level of evidence: Therapy, level 2.
Total Hip Arthroplasty to Treat Chronic Native Hip Obturator Dislocation: A Case Report.

CASE A 37-year-old woman presented with a rare chronic dislocation of her native right hip where the head of the femur was incarcerated in the obturator foramen of her pelvis. After optimization of sociomedical factors, she underwent successful total hip arthroplasty. CONCLUSION Total hip arthroplasty is a viable treatment option for the chronic incarcerated obturator hip dislocation.
The vascular system: components, signaling, and regulation

Abstract The vascular system is a network that consists of a pump (the heart) that provides the force for flow of blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins. This network transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes the wastes. The circulatory system also includes the lymphatic system via which “leaked” fluid from the interstitial space of tissues is brought back to the venous system. The vascular network is crucial in maintenance of life and its dysfunction induces pathologies including cardiovascular diseases (e.g., hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis), tumor angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. The endothelium that forms the inner lining of the vascular network plays a key role in regulating the function of this network. This chapter will review the current knowledge of the endothelial structure and function and the myriad endothelial signaling pathways that regulate processes ranging from inflammation and angiogenesis to oxidative stress and immune function.
Liver Bile Acid Changes in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized to develop due to the dysfunction of two major proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein, tau. Evidence supports the involvement of cholesterol changes in both the generation and deposition of Aβ. This study was performed to better understand the role of liver cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. We used male and female wild-type control (C57BL/6J) mice to compare to two well-characterized amyloidosis models of AD, APP/PS1, and AppNL-G-F. Both conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS from livers of control and AD mice. We also measured cholesterol and its metabolites and identified changes in levels of proteins associated with bile acid synthesis and signaling. We observed sex differences in liver cholesterol levels accompanied by differences in levels of synthesis intermediates and conjugated and unconjugated liver primary bile acids in both APP/PS1 and AppNL-G-F mice when compared to controls. Our data revealed fundamental deficiencies in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis in the livers of two different AD mouse lines. These findings strengthen the involvement of liver metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD.
Mindfulness Meditation For Anxiety And Stress Reduction For Nursing Students

Location: Dewberry Hall The activity being showcased is the introduction of Mindfulness Meditation (MM) into the undergraduate nursing curriculum. This was brought to the nursing curriculum as a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project to provide the students with the skills needed for anxiety and stress management. In addition, this practice may assist with reduction of the physical and emotional effects of chronic stress. The MM teaching modules were given to students in undergraduate skills labs classes over a period of 4 weeks with one module opening each week. The modules targeted multiple learning styles by including Kaltura videos, journal articles, YouTube videos, one-page handouts, and weekly suggestions for skills practice. All learning modules included an evidenced-based foundation relevant to nursing practice as well as a new mindfulness technique each week. The DNP student was in class during week 5 to practice the skills outlined in the modules with the students. An acceptability survey was given upon completion of the project to assess student and faculty acceptability of the curriculum. Collaboration with the School of Nursing faculty was essential for the success of the implementation of the modules into the skills lab courses. The DNP student and skills lab faculty worked as a team to determine optimal placement within the course curriculum and plan for student engagement.
Electrocatalytic surface nanoionics with strained interfaced and colossal conductivity for enhancing durability and performance of solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract For an oxygen electrode in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) consisting of mixed electrical and ionic conducting lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), it degrades due to its low chemical stability and cation surface segregation. To mitigate such degradation, for the first time in the field of SOFCs, we demonstrate a conformal ultra-thin (∼10 nm) coating consisting of subjacent discrete nano-Pt capped with a superjacent conformal CoOx layer, applied on LSCF/SDC composite electrode, using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The coating layer reduces the cell series resistance by up to 40%, presents extraordinary stability with an intact morphology after 816 h operation. The superjacent CoOx surface nanoionics consists of randomly orientated but single-layered nanograins, with high-density intergranular and surface grain boundaries serving as the electrochemical reaction sites and facilitating mass transport. The ALD coating turns the original perovskite surface that is vulnerable to cation segregation and degradation into an embedded strained interface phase with enormous conductivity. The coating layer appears to suppress Sr outward diffusion and confines a 2 nm Sr-enriched interface layer between the coating layer and the LSCF backbone. The conductivity of the coating layer is estimated to be ∼1.27 × 104 S/cm and two orders magnitude higher than that of LSCF.
Modified track shoes and their effect on the EMG activity of calf muscles

Although track and field spike shoes are crafted for runners, these shoes are not designed for regular walking. With such shoes, runners may eventually encounter serious chronic injuries such as plantar fasciitis, shin splints, achilles tendinitis, chondromalacia, and iliotibial band syndrome. To address this problem, a modified spike shoe was tested and compared to a regular spike shoe. The modification consists of adding a removable heel to the shoe sole in order to reduce the flexion of the foot and properly level the foot for walking. Nine healthy participants performed walking drills at 2 and 3 mph, using the original and the modified shoes. Electromyography (EMG) measurements were used to evaluate muscle activities. Participants also rated their discomfort on a 0-10 scale. Results show that the use of modified shoes resulted in a reduction of 22% and 24.25% EMG activity for the tibialis and gastrocnemius muscles, respectively. Comfort ratings increased by an average of 2.7, 2.6, 3.9, and 4.2 points at the knees, calves, ankles, and feet, respectively.
A QUEST FOR CITATIONS? AN ANALYSIS OF AND COMMENTARY ON THE TREND TOWARD MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP

Academic careers and granting of tenure within the university are directly linked to a record of scholarly production. This growing emphasis on publishing appears to have contributed to an increase in collaborations among faculty members, resulting in an increase in multiple-author publications. This article explores the basis for the phenomenon of multiple authorship, the implications of multiauthor scholarship, and the potential ethical questions that may arise from such collaborations. Guidelines from related professions are reviewed in regard to their utility for social work. Finally, the authors make suggestions in regard to when and under what circumstances multiple authorship is appropriate and beneficial.
Using Off-Line Analysis for Dynamic Feedback Composition control

A tunable feedback control algorithm is developed for a first-order plus dead time process which has a variable sample interval and a variable dead time. This variable sample interval, variable dead time (VSIVDT) controller is applied to controlling the product composition of a blender using off-line composition analysis. The blender and controllers are simulated using the IBM Advanced Control System. The VSIVDT controller performed better than an alternative controller based on the Dahlin algorithm which uses off-line analysis. When compared to controllers using on-line analysis, it performed as well as a PI controller but not as well as a controller using the Dahlin algorithm.
Glial uptake of neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular fluid studied in vivo by microdialysis and 13C NMR

Glial uptake of neurotransmitter glutamate (GLU) from the extracellular fluid was studied in vivo in rat brain by 13C NMR and microdialysis combined with gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry. Brain GLU C5 was 13C enriched by intravenous [2,5-13C]glucose infusion, followed by [12C]glucose infusion to chase 13C from the small glial GLU pool. This leaves [5-13C]GLU mainly in the large neuronal metabolic pool and the vesicular neurotransmitter pool. During the chase, the 13C enrichment of whole-brain GLU C5 was significantly lower than that of extracellular GLU (GLUECF) derived from exocytosis of vesicular GLU. Glial uptake of neurotransmitter [5-13C]GLUECF was monitored in vivo through the formation of [5-13C,15N]GLN during 15NH4Ac infusion. From the rate of [5-13C,15N]GLN synthesis (1.7 ± 0.03 µmol/g/h), the mean 13C enrichment of extracellular GLU (0.304 ± 0.011) and the 15N enrichment of precursor NH3 (0.87 ± 0.014), the rate of synthesis of GLN (V′GLN), derived from neurotransmitter GLUECF, was determined to be 6.4 ± 0.44 µmol/g/h. Comparison with VGLN measured previously by an independent method showed that the neurotransmitter provides 80–90% of the substrate GLU pool for GLN synthesis. Hence, under our experimental conditions, the rate of 6.4 ± 0.44 µmol/g/h also represents a reasonable estimate for the rate of glial uptake of GLUECF, a process that is crucial for protecting the brain from GLU excitotoxicity.
Rituals and relationships: Examining the relationship between family of origin rituals and young adult attachment.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family of origin rituals and young adults' attachment style when controlling for parents' attachment style. The sample consisted of 222 paired young adults and one parent (representing 208 families) from 36 different states. Family of origin rituals were measured using the Family Ritual Questionnaire (FRQ) and attachment was measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R) Questionnaire. Results indicated a negative relationship between family of origin ritual meaning and young adult attachment anxiety. Results also indicated that family of origin ritual meaning significantly predicted young adult anxiety after controlling for parent attachment.
Change of variable in Kurzweil-Henstock Stieltjes integrals.

We present conditions under which one may substitute the identity function for $h$ in Kurzweil-Henstock integrals of the form $\int(f\circ h)\,d(g\circ h)$ reducing them to equivalent integrals of the form $\int f\,dg$\,. Our study requires that we also consider reduction of $\int (f\circ g) |d(g\circ h)|$ to $\int Nf|dg|$ where $N$ is the Banach indicatrix of $h$.
High frequency diffraction, focus on ray methods

Summary form only given. In the first half of the last century there was relatively little work on high frequency diffraction. However all that changed in 1953 when Keller introduced the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) as an extension of geometrical optics to include diffracted rays. This was a very important development, because it made it possible to calculate the high frequency radiation from antennas and scatterers of a quite general shape and to understand the various radiation mechanisms involved. Also, the GTD motivated the asymptotic treatment of the numerous canonical problems to determine the fields diffracted from edges, vertices and smooth curved surfaces. Unfortunately the GTD diffracted fields failed at and near the shadow boundaries of the incident and reflected fields, so the uniform GTD (UTD) was developed to overcome this limitation. In the UTD the canonical problems are solved by uniform asymptotic methods, and the resulting diffracted field not only describes the field in the shadow region, it also compensates the discontinuities in the geometrical optics field at the shadow boundaries. In this paper the canonical problems which have been solved are reviewed and some of the work which remains to be done is described. In conclusion, the relationship of the UTD to other high frequency methods such as the physical theory of diffraction and the method of incremental edge diffraction is discussed.
Probing charge transfer excitons in a MoSe2-WS2 van der Waals heterostructure.

We show that the van der Waals heterostructure formed by MoSe2 and WS2 provides a unique system with near degenerate interlayer and intralayer excitonic states. Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the charge transfer exciton states are approximately 50 meV below the MoSe2 exciton states, with a significant spectral overlap. The transient absorption of a femtosecond pulse was used to study the dynamics of the charge transfer excitons at room temperature. We found a lifetime of approximately 80 ps for the charge transfer excitons. A diffusion coefficient of about 14 cm2 s−1 was deduced, which is comparable to individual excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides.
Design and Implementation of Jump Tables for Fast Indexing of Logic Programs

The principal technique for enhancing the speed of clause resolution in logic programming languages, such as Prolog, is indexing. Given a goal, the primary objective of indexing is to quickly eliminate clauses whose heads do not unify with the goal. Efforts at maximizing the performance of indexing automata have focused almost exclusively on constructing them with small depth, which in turn translates into making fewer transitions. Performance of an automata also critically depends on its ability to make each transition efficiently. This is a problem that has largely been ignored and constitutes the topic of this paper.
Animal Models of Human Amino Acid Responses

The principal differences between experimental animals and humans with regard to amino acid responses are 1) growing animals partition most of their amino acid intake to protein accretion, whereas growing children partition most of their intake to maintenance; 2) invasive assessment procedures are common in animals but very limited in humans; and 3) humans can describe how they feel in response to amino acid levels or balances, whereas animals cannot. New (pharmacologic) uses of amino acids have been and are being discovered (e.g., cysteine, arginine, leucine, glutamine), and this makes it imperative that tolerance limits be established. Work with pigs suggests that excessive intake of methionine and tryptophan present the biggest problems, whereas excessive intake of threonine, glutamate, and the branched-chain amino acids seems to be well tolerated.
Nonrandomly Missing Data in Multiple Regression: An Empirical Comparison of Common Missing-Data Treatments:

This research is an investigation of the effects of nonrandomly missing data in two-predictor regression analyses and the differences in the effectiveness of five common treatments of missing data on estimates of R2 and of each of the two standardized regression weights. Bootstrap samples of 50, 100, and 200 were drawn from three sets of actual field data. Nonrandomly missing data were created within each sample, and the parameter estimates were compared with those obtained from the same samples with no missing data. The results indicated that three imputation procedures (mean substitution, simple and multiple regression imputation) produced biased estimates of R2 and both regression weights. Two deletion procedures (listwise and pairwise) provided accurate parameter estimates with up to 30% of the data missing.
NADH fluorescence and regional energy metabolites during focal ischemia and reperfusion of rat brain.

Transient focal ischemia was produced in rat brain using simultaneous, reversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and both carotid arteries. NADH tissue fluorescence and regional levels of ATP and lactate were measured after occlusion for 1 or 2.5 h and after reperfusion for 1 or 24 h following a 2.5-h insult. Occlusion for 1 or 2.5 h caused a marked but microheterogenous increase in NADH fluorescence, which was restricted to the MCA territory of the ipsilateral cortex. In this ischemic core, tissue levels of ATP were nearly depleted, while lactate accumulated to 10–13 mmol/kg. Metabolic alterations were less pronounced in regions adjacent to the ischemic core; however, one border region experienced a progressive increase in lactate between 1 and 2.5 h. NADH fluorescence and metabolite levels were not significantly altered in subcortical structures. In animals reperfused after a 2.5-h insult, NADH fluorescence diminished in the ischemic core to abnormally low levels, ATP was restored only to...
Nonlinear Dynamic Data Reconciliation via Process Simulation Software and Model Identification Tools

Existing strategies for the solution of the nonlinear dynamic data reconciliation problem use the process model as a constraint which is expressed as a differential−algebraic equation system. Modeling a process using conservation laws may require a considerable number of equations to obtain an accurate representation of the system. It is possible to model a process using commercial dynamic simulation software. However, this also requires the solution of a large number of equations interfaced to reliable optimization software in order to perform data reconciliation. This paper focuses on two new approaches for dynamic data reconciliation using model identification tools and commercial dynamic simulation software. The first one is based on an analogy to the nonlinear dynamic data reconciliation method developed by Liebman et al.1 The second approach uses time series analysis to generate a simplified model of the plant. A simplified process model is generated by a model identification method to replace the s...
The fabrication and characterization of polymer optical conductors

Polymer microstructures were evaluated as thin film optical conductors. The polymer waveguides were fabricated from a photosensitive silicone polymer by selectively crosslinking the polymer with the near-ultraviolet radiation from an argon ion laser. The optical transmittance properties of curved and linear microstructures were characterized using an optical sensing technique. For the curved guides, an exponential decay in the intensity of transmitted light with guide length was observed. The linear guides exhibited an oscillatory relationship between output intensity and length over a range of 2 mm in length. The nature of the results for the linear guides was explained by considering the variations in the refractive index across the polymer microstructure and by comparison with the optical behavior of graded-index glass fibers.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy, strokectomy, or both in the treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery syndrome.

Objective We sought to evaluate the impact of a craniotomy for strokectomy (CS) with bone replacement, decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), or DHC with a strokectomy (DHC+S) on outcome after malignant supratentorial infarction. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of cases of malignant supratentorial infarction treated by CS ( n = 18), DHC ( n = 17), or DHC+S ( n = 33) at our institution from 2002 to 2008. End points included functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale and incidence of mortality at 1 year. Results Mean age, gender, side, vessel, and time from ictus to surgery were not statistically different between treatment groups. Stroke volume was significantly higher in the CS group. Operative time and blood loss were significantly higher in the DHC+S group. At 1 year, the median modified Rankin Scale score was 4 and overall survival was 71%. Functional outcomes and mortality for both the CS and DHC+S groups were not significantly different from the DHC group ( P = 0.24). After adjusting for patient age, stroke volume, and time to surgery, there was no significant difference in outcome. Conclusion In patients with malignant supratentorial infarction, a strokectomy alone may be equivalent to a decompressive hemicraniectomy with or without brain resection.
Sex differences in imagined interactions

Empirical research has revealed a variety of differences in the communication behavior of males and females. This study addresses whether males and females think differently about communication. Imagined interactions are cognitive representations of interactive behavior in which the actor experiences the self to be engaged in communication with another. Results of a study reveal that females have more frequent and pleasant imagined interactions, they imagine more self-words, and they are more likely to imagine and recall the scene of imagined interactions than males.