cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary: implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the workplace.

A working knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has become increasingly important for mental health professionals. We are routinely asked to assist employers and service providers with the types of individualized functional assessments required under the various Titles of the Act, and we may be find the Act useful in advocating for our patients’ rights. In our roles as “covered entities,” we can be held directly responsible for meeting the ADA’s statutory and regulatory requirements in a variety of ways: through private practice providing direct services to patients (Title III), through our roles as employers (Title I for businesses with more than 15 employees), or through state or local government practice at state hospitals or community mental health centers (Title II). In addition, we may be required to meet similar standards under another federal antidiscrimination provision, because we accept Medicaid or Medicare payments or are recipients of federal research grants. In the accompanying article, Dr. Westreich ably discusses the general applications of the three main Titles of the ADA. The purpose of this commentary is to expand on several issues raised in his article: (1) Title V and the distinctions within the ADA as to how the use of alcohol versus other substances is treated; (2) how the more general, overarching themes within the ADA apply to people disabled by addiction disorders, despite these distinctions; (3) the importance of jurisdictional and factual distinctions in interpreting particular case decisions; (4) the effects of recent case law on individuals’ rights to sue state governments; and (5) the less well-known ADA antidiscrimination protections for people who associate with people with disabilities. Finally, this commentary will explore another addiction-related ADA issue: the application of the ADA to psychiatric hospitals and other covered entities that are considering developing tobacco-free policies.
THE INTERACTION OF BEHAVIORAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE EVOLUTION OF A NOVEL LOCOMOTOR TYPE: "FLYING" FROGS.

"Flying" frogs have evolved independently several times among anurans. In all cases flyers are distinguished from their nonflying arboreal relatives by a unique set of morphological features and behavioral postures. Using both live animal field tests and wind tunnel models, this study examines the importance of this characteristic morphology and limb position on five aerial performance variables: horizontal traveling distance, minimum glide speed, maximum time aloft, maneuverability, and stability. Comparison of relative performance between a model frog with a generalized nonflying morphology and limb position and a model frog with flying morphology and limb position reveals that the morphological and positional features associated with "flying" actually decrease horizontal traveling distance but improve maneuverability. This finding suggests that maneuverability rather than horizontal travel may be the key performance parameter in the evolution of "flying" frogs. More generally, this study illustrates that (1) derived morphological and postural features do not necessarily change a suite of performance variables in the same way, and (2) the performance consequences of postural shifts are a function of morphology. These findings indicate that the potential complexity of morphological and behavioral interactions in the evolution of new adaptive types is much greater than previously considered.
Uveitis and Clinical Trials

Uveitis refers to approximately 25 different diseases all characterized by the presence of intraocular inflammation. The uveitides are a relatively uncommon group of diseases, with an estimated incidence in the United States of 17–54/100,000/year and prevalence of 115–204/100,000 population. Nevertheless, because uveitis affects all ages, and in many cases is a lifelong disease, it has a disproportionate effect on years of potential vision lost and is the fifth or sixth leading cause of blindness in the United States. Because it is relatively uncommon, much of the information on uveitis comes from retrospective case series rather than from prospective epidemiologic studies or randomized clinical trials. Although these case series may provide the best data available, they are subject to several limitations, which must be understood in order to interpret the information properly.
Study of Low-Efficiency Droop in Semipolar ( $20\bar{2}\bar{1}$ ) InGaN Light-Emitting Diodes by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence

The superior low-efficiency droop performance of semipolar ( $20\bar{2}\bar{1}$ ) InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) makes it a hot candidate for efficient solid-state lighting and full-color displays. To unveil the mystery of this low droop and high efficiency, the emission dynamics of semipolar ( $20\bar{2}\bar{1}$ ) LEDs is investigated by time-resolved and steady-state photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Much smaller carrier lifetimes (radiative and nonradiative lifetime) were obtained from semipolar ( $20\bar{2}\bar{1}$ ) InGaN QWs compared with those on the $c$ -plane samples, possibly due to the reduced quantum-confined Stark effects and smaller indium fluctuation on semipolar InGaN samples. The experimental findings indicate a much reduced excess carrier density in semipolar ( $20\bar{2}\bar{1}$ ) InGaN LEDs, which will impact the device performance. Based on this, a modified ABC equation with weak phase-space-filling (PSF) effect was used to model the droop characteristics of semipolar ( $20\bar{2}\bar{1}$ ) LEDs.
Globalization: the Basic Reason of Constructing Symbiotic Idea

How to deal with globalization and resolve global Problem is a present difficulty, with which our humans are all confronted, The paper believes that constructing symbiotic idea is our fundamental way to deal with globalization, globalization is the basic reason of constructing symbiotic idea,global economy integration is the material foundation of constructing symbiotic idea, resolving the global problem is the objective demand to construct symbiotic idea,the driving from globalization to traditional divided idea system of subject—object is the basic dynamic to construct symbiotic idea.
3-Mercapto-1-Propanesulfonate for Cu Electrodeposition Studied by in Situ Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Density Functional Theory Calculations, and Cyclic Voltammetry

We investigate the mechanism of 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPS) acceleration of Cu electrodeposition in the presence of Cl– through comparison with the inactive but related model compounds 1-butanesulfonate and 1-butanethiol (BuSH). In situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate these additives as a function of potential. MPS adsorbs to the Cu electrode in the presence of Cl– through the thiol functional group. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the adsorption of thiol has a depolarizing effect on the strength of the interaction between adsorbed Cl– and the electrode surface, the consequences of which are observed spectroscopically. The sulfonate moiety does not interact directly with the electrode. However, cyclic voltammetry used to assess the permeability of adsorbed MPS and BuSH adlayers indicates that the sulfonate group has a more direct role in Cu deposition beyond simple disruption of the surface layer.
Implementation and evaluation of Stanford Health Care direct-care teledermatology program.

Introduction:Teledermatology has proven to be an effective means of providing dermatologic care. The existing research has primarily evaluated its usefulness in a consultative model. Few academic c...
Empirical Asset Pricing Review

The knowledge of portfolio analysis tells the Sharpe ratio and the mean-variance efficiency is important to the rational risk-averse investors in the portfolio selection in a single period. The asset pricing models, such as the CAPM, APT and ICAPM, give directions in search of mean-variance efficient portfolios and mean-variance spanning portfolios on security market. In spite of the joint hypothesis problems in the Efficient Market Hypothesis tests with the asset pricing models, the empirical works increase knowledge about the behavior of security returns. The anomalies that contradict the CAPM in the cross-section of expected returns motivate the multi-factor models such as the Fama-French Three Factor Model and the characteristic models. The search of the distress risk premium in the stock market is a hot topic and would improve the empirical modeling works.
High resolution ambient formaldehyde detection

Formaldehyde is critically important to the chemistry of the urban atmosphere. During daylight, formaldehyde photolysis and decomposes to release the free radicals that drive photochemical ozone formation. With atmospheric lifetimes of few hours, formaldehyde is an important contributor to the radical formation that leads to high concentrations of ozone observed in urban environments, such as Houston. In addition, formaldehyde is a frequently used industrial chemical used in the manufacture of numerous building materials and household products.
Positive and Negative Growth Effects of Abl Genes

The Abl gene is well known for its role in the pathogenesis of Abelson virus induced murine leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome positive human leukemias. In both cases structural alterations in the normal c-Abl gene occur due to retroviral transduction or chromosome translocation. Gag-abl (v-Abl) induces lymphoid leukemias in mice, and Bcr-Abl is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia in humans. The fusion of either Bcr or Gag sequences to Abl converts c-Abl from a low specific activity, nuclear tyrosine kinase to a highly active cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (reviewed in Kurzrock et al, 1988; Sawyers, 1992). Our work has focused on understanding the Bcr-Abl signal transduction pathway that leads to leukemia. We have used genetic approaches to define molecules involved in transmission of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase signal from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and have identified Ras and Myc as essential proteins in the Bcr-Abl transformation pathway. We have also found that the normal c-Abl protein suppresses growth and that mutant proteins such as v-Abl and Bcr-Abl convert c-Abl from a growth suppressive to a transforming protein.
Criminalizing Terrorism, 1979–1989

In 1979 Secretary of State for the Home Department Merlyn Rees (Lab) spoke in the House of Commons on the issue of renewing the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1976 (PTA) given the law’s exceptional nature with respect to concerns over a suspension of liberty. Rees agreed that “the powers contained in this Act are exceptional” and “that the Act represents a temporary infringement of civil liberties”, but he also stated his belief that “it was, and remains, a necessary infringement … to ensure that the police have adequate powers to deal with a savage and dangerous minority who have no respect for the life or civil liberties of others”.1 The simultaneous acknowledgment and legitimation of exceptionality in light of a “dangerous minority” enabled a reassertion of counterterrorism’s necessity in part by reference to its temporary status, even as these measures would become a normalized benchmark for future permanent lawmaking. As remarked by Donohue, emergency measures were initially positioned as “extraordinary moves designed to meet the needs of a passing emergency” but as time went on “became standard and unexceptional, a baseline from which further extraordinary powers could be introduced”.2 Government leadership moved from Labour to Conservative in 1979, but through the 1980s we see a continued criminalization separating terrorists from political dissidents and ordinary criminals.
Assessing fun items’ effectiveness in increasing learning of college introductory statistics students: Results of a randomized experiment

ABSTRACTThere has been a recent emergence of scholarship on the use of fun in the college statistics classroom, with at least 20 modalities identified. While there have been randomized experiments that suggest that fun can enhance student achievement or attitudes in statistics, these studies have generally been limited to one particular fun modality or have not been limited to the discipline of statistics. To address the efficacy of fun items in teaching statistics, a student-randomized experiment was designed to assess how specific items of fun may cause changes in statistical anxiety and learning statistics content. This experiment was conducted at two institutions of higher education with different and diverse student populations. Findings include a significant increase in correct responses to questions among students who were assigned online content with a song insert compared with those assigned content alone.
Age-related change and the predictive value of the “Resting state”: a commentary on Campbell and Schacter (2016)

“Resting state functional connectivity” (RSFC) is gaining ascendency as a primary tool for investigating the functional organisation of the human brain. The overall topography of the brain’s large-...
Men's Migration, Women's Autonomy, and Union Dissolution in Rural Mozambique.

Men’s labor migration has been shown to affect marital stability in various contexts, but heterogeneity in the relationship between migration and marital outcomes is not well understood. This study...
Enhanced visible light photocatalytic water reduction from a g-C3N4/SrTa2O6 heterojunction

Abstract A new g-C 3 N 4 /SrTa 2 O 6 heterojunction photocatalyst was designed and prepared by chimie douce (soft chemistry) method where carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) was deposited over the metastable perovskite phase of SrTa 2 O 6 . The morphological study of the heterojunction using SEM and STEM revealed that g-C 3 N 4 nanofibers are dispersed uniformly on the surface of SrTa 2 O 6 plates leading to the intimate contact between them. The heterojunction could achieve a high and stable visible light photocatalytic H 2 generation of 137 mmol/h/mole of g-C 3 N 4 , which is much larger than the amount of hydrogen generated by one mole of pristine g-C 3 N 4 . A plausible mechanism for the observed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the heterojunction is proposed on the basis of effective charge separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, supported by band position calculations and photo-physical properties of g-C 3 N 4 and SrTa 2 O 6 .
A (Very) Brief Note on Some Quality Tools

This note offers a brief overview of two techniques used in continual improvement programs: fishbone (Ishikawa) diagrams and Pareto charts. Excerpt UVA-OM-1543 Jan. 6, 2016 A (Very) Brief Note on Some Quality Tools Perhaps the most common performance assessment question about a service or manufacturing process is “Why can't we get the process to produce the quality requirements expected by the customer?” The first step in answering that question and improving the quality of the output is to figure out why such process observations might have actually occurred. Ishikawa diagrams, also known as fishbone diagrams, allow focused brainstorming around key categories of potential causes—people, machines, materials, and environment. Pareto diagrams take multiple identified possible causes for a quality problem and rank them from most common to least common cause, based on how often the problem resulted due to each specific cause. Exhibit1 and Exhibit 2 illustrate a fishbone diagram and a Pareto diagram, respectively, for evaluating transaction time for a bank teller process that has been performing below customer expectations. See Table1 for typical fishbone diagram categories. Another tool, the “five whys” exercise, consists of repeatedly asking “why” until the root cause of a problem is identified. These visual and commonsense tools can help tremendously in identifying causes and determining which to act on first. Identifying and eliminating problem-causing factors helps develop a consistent, predictable process and aids in improving the quality of the output. . . .
Studies on the heparin sulphamidase activity from rat spleen. Intracellular distribution and characterization of the enzyme.

A sulphamidase activity present in rat spleen capable of hydrolysing N-[35S]sulphated heparin was studied. This activity was associated with the lysosomal fraction. Studies in vivo showed that the rat is capable of significantly desulphating heparin. Lysosomes in all the major tissues can effectively accumulate heparin. The heparin sulphamidase and arylsulphatase activities from rat spleen were separated by isoelectric focusing. Heparin sulphamidase was a distinct entity from all the arylsulphatase activities.
The association of venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis timing on venous thromboembolism after major vascular surgery

Abstract Objective Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is reported to occur in up to 33% of patients undergoing major vascular surgery. Despite this high incidence, patients inconsistently receive timely VTE chemoprophylaxis. The true incidence of VTE among patients receiving delayed VTE chemoprophylaxis is unknown. We sought to identify the association of VTE chemoprophylaxis timing on VTE risk, postoperative transfusion rates, and 30-day mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing major open vascular surgery. Methods Patients undergoing major open vascular surgery (open abdominal aortic aneurysm [oAAA] repair, aortofemoral bypass, and lower extremity infrainguinal bypass [LEB]) were identified using the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative (MSQC) between July 2012 and June 2015. The VTE rate was compared between patients receiving early versus delayed VTE chemoprophylaxis. VTE chemoprophylaxis delay was defined as therapy initiation more than 24 hours after surgery. The risk-adjusted association of the chemoprophylaxis timing and VTE development was determined using multivariable logistic regression. Blood transfusion rates, 30-day mortality, and postoperative complications were compared across groups. Results A total of 2421 patients underwent major open vascular surgery, including 196 oAAA repair, 259 aortofemoral bypass, and 1966 LEB. The overall incidence of 30-day VTE was 1.40%, ranging from 1.12% for LEB to 3.57% for oAAA repair. Among patients receiving early VTE chemoprophylaxis, the rate of VTE was 0.78% versus 2.26% among those with a delay in VTE chemoprophylaxis ( P = .002). When accounting for the preoperative risk of VTE, delayed chemoprophylaxis was associated with a significantly higher risk of VTE (odds ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-5.06; P = .024). The early VTE chemoprophylaxis group was associated with a significantly decreased risk of bleeding compared with those with a delay (14.31% vs 18.90%; P = .002). Overall 30-day mortality and postoperative complications were similar with the exception of an associated higher rate of infectious complications in the delayed VTE chemoprophylaxis group, including superficial surgical site infection (6.00% vs 4.06%; P = .028), pneumonia (3.25% vs 1.85%; P = .028), urinary tract infection (2.95% vs 1.57%; P = .020), and severe sepsis (3.05% vs 1.71%; P = .029). Conclusions Although patients undergoing major open vascular surgery have a low risk of VTE at baseline, there is a significantly greater risk of developing VTE among patients who have a delay in the administration of VTE chemoprophylaxis. Postoperative transfusion rates were significantly lower among patients receiving early chemoprophylaxis. There were no differences in the 30-day mortality and postoperative complications, except for infectious complications. Given these findings, surgeons should consider early chemoprophylaxis in the postoperative setting after major open vascular surgery without contraindication.
A Micromachined Drop Dispenser for Biofluidics

A micromachined drop dispenser for biofluidic applications has been fabricated and tested. It uses anisotropic etching of silicon and anodic bonding to pyrex wafers to form the flow channels, fluid wells, and nozzles. The ejected fluid comes from a fluid well that is externally compressed by a PZT bimorph that compresses a thin silicon membrane wall on the driven fluid well. This device design is amenable to arrays of dispensers although only one channel was fluid tested. It produced uniform droplets 150 µm in diameter.
Measuring Shear Stress in Microfluidics using Traction Force Microscopy

Traction force microscopy is a previously-developed method to measure shear forces exerted by biological cells on substrates to which they are adhered (Dembo, 1999). The technique determines the shear stress applied on the surface of a soft polymeric substrate with known mechanical properties by measuring the displacement of micron-scale beads or pattered markers embedded in the surface. Marker displacement is monitored by capturing images of the embedded beads in the substrate when a load is applied. The surface shear stresses can then be calculated from the measured displacement and known elastic properties of the substrate.
METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF CYCLIC AMP METABOLISM IN INTACT CELLS

The concentration of adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in cells is determined predominantly by the relative rates of synthesis by adenylate cyclase and degradation by phosphodiesterase; although other contributing factors may exist. For example, a significant portion of the cAMP content under basal conditions may exist in a protein-bound form that is not susceptible to hydrolysis by phosphodiesterase activity (1). Also, in certain cases the rate of secretion of cAMP from hormonally-stimulated cells can be a major factor in determining the intracellular content (2, 3). It is usually assumed that hormones elicit a rise in cellular cAMP levels by activation of adenylate cyclase. However, if some degree of turnover of cAMP occurs under basal conditions, then theoretically, the steady state level of cAMP could be raised by either an increase in its rate of synthesis or a decrease in its rate of degradation.
A Structural Model for the Iron–Nitrosyl Adduct of Gentisate Dioxygenase

We present the synthesis, properties, and characterization of [Fe(T1Et4iPrIP)(NO)(H2O)2](OTf)2 (1) (T1Et4iPrIP = Tris(1-ethyl-4-isopropyl-imidazolyl)phosphine) as a model for the nitrosyl adduct of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (GDO). The further characterization of [Fe(T1Et4iPrIP)(THF)(NO)(OTf)](OTf) (2) which was previously communicated (Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 5414) is also presented. The weighted average Fe-N-O angle of 162° for 1 is very close to linear (≥ 165°) for these types of complexes. The coordinated water ligands participate in hydrogen bonding interactions. The spectral properties (EPR, UV-vis, FTIR) for 1 are compared with 2 and found to be quite comparable. Complex 1 closely follows the relationship between the Fe-N-O angle and NO vibrational frequency which was previously identified for 6-coordinate {FeNO}7 complexes. Liquid FTIR studies on 2 indicate that the ν(NO) vibration position is sensitive to solvent shifting to lower energy (relative to the solid) in donor solvent THF and shifting to higher energy in dichloromethane. The basis for this behavior is discussed. The K eq for NO binding in 2 was calculated in THF and found to be 470 M-1. Density functional theory (DFT) studies on 1 indicate donation of electron density to the iron center from the π* orbitals of formally NO-. Such a donation accounts for the near linearity of the Fe-N-O bond and the large ν(NO) value of 1791 cm-1.
28-year-old Woman With Opioid Use Disorder Delivers Healthy Baby While in Custody: Addressing Forced Detox

Background Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in pregnancy reduces overdose risk, drug use, increases prenatal care engagement, and improves birth outcomes. Yet many pregnant women lack access to adequate treatment. OAT, while incarcerated, reduces subsequent overdose risk, improves continuation to treatment on release, and reduces recidivism. Yet most correction facilities do not follow evidence-based guidelines for treatment, resulting in destabilization and overdose. This case is unique in illustrating 1 example of a patient who is justice-involved during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and highlighting an area of advocacy that is under-reported in the medical literature. Case presentation A 28-year-old G2P0010 woman with a history of severe opioid use disorder (OUD) learned she was 13 weeks pregnant after a polysubstance overdose while on methadone treatment. She did not engage in prenatal care, despite many encounters with the healthcare system. Her pregnancy course was marked by polysubstance use, hospitalizations, and incarcerations. While incarcerated, she delivered a healthy baby at 37 weeks, and her parental custody rights were suspended.The obstetrics team successfully advocated with the jail for continuing methadone postpartum due to the increased risk of relapse and overdose on release. After release, she continued methadone treatment with no further illicit opioid use, began to engage in counseling, 12-step meetings, and worked towards custody of her son. Conclusions The postpartum and postincarceration periods are 2 high-risk periods for women with OUD. OAT in and out of incarceration provided some stability and benefit, in the midst of a prenatal course that was fragmented by polysubstance use, hospitalization, and incarceration. Maintaining and prioritizing access to OAT for patients who are incarcerated is necessary, though not sufficient, to address the high risk of overdose. Empowering healthcare providers to advocate for incarcerated patients with OUD on an individual level is 1 key strategy to optimize addiction treatment for incarcerated people.
Principles of Justice, Primary Goods and Categories of Right: Rawls and Kant

John Rawls based his theory of justice, in the work of that name, on a ‘Kantian interpretation’ of the status of human beings as ‘free and equal’ persons. In his subsequent, ‘political rather than metaphysical’ expositions of his theory, the conception of citizens of democracies as ‘free and equal’ persons retained its foundational role. But Rawls appealed only to Kant’s moral philosophy, never to Kant’s own political philosophy as expounded in his 1797 Doctrine of Right in the Metaphysics of Morals. I argue here that the structure of Kant’s political philosophy, with its categories of the innate right to freedom, private acquired right and public right, can clarify the relationship between Rawls’s two principles of justice and his scheme of basic liberties and primary goods.
The Current Court and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act: An Analysis of the Next Potential Contender for Commerce Clause Restriction

The RLUIPA is at the center of a political firestorm that touches on eminent domain, church and state separation, and basic principles of federalism. In 2005, the Supreme Court considered a challenge to the constitutionality of the RLUIPA; considering only the Institutionalized Persons component of the law, the Court upheld it against an Establishment Clause challenge. However, the Court declined to consider Commerce Clause and Spending Clause challenges. It has yet to consider the constitutionality on any grounds of the religious institutions portion, which protects religious structures from zoning and land use regulations. Significantly, the Senate is currently considering expanding the RLUIPA to also protect churches and religious-owned property from eminent domain. Of further significance is the new balance in the Court with the exit of Justice O'Connor and the appointment of Justices Roberts and Alito. This Article will consider, from political, legal, and statistical standpoints, the likelihood that the RLUIPA will be the next Congressional Act overturned by the Supreme Court for exceeding the bounds of the Commerce Clause.
Staying the Course: Through End of Life in ESRD

Our cellphones rang. Sally, a long-time diabetic who had recently restarted dialysis after decades with a transplant was on the line from the Emergency Department. She seldom called us directly, but now she was panicky and shouting into the phone. “If this is the way it’s going to be, if my mind
Incentives for public goods inside organizations: Field experimental evidence

Abstract Understanding why employees go the extra mile at work is a key problem for many organizations. We conduct a field experiment at a medical organization to study motivations for employees to submit project proposals for organizational improvement. In total, we analyze 1237 employees, 118 proposals, and quality evaluations for more than 12,000 evaluator-proposal pairs. The analysis shows that solicitations offering a personal reward for top submissions boost participation rates without affecting submission quality. We show that this is due to workers partially internalizing the positive effects of their submissions on the other individuals in the workplace. We also find that offering employees project funding to implement their own proposals potentially backfires, undermining participation. And solicitations emphasizing mission-oriented goals, like improving patient care, are sensitive to the solicited person’s gender, with women responding more than men. These results shed light on the factors that drive employees’ engagement in organizational tasks, beyond regular duties, and provide insights on how to design incentives to foster contributions to public goods inside organizations.
Riparian Vegetation and Sediment Supply Regulate the Morphodynamic Response of an Experimental Stream to Floods

Feedbacks between woody plants and fluvial morphodynamics result in co-development of riparian vegetation communities and channel form. To advance mechanistic knowledge regarding these interactions, we measured the response of topography and flow to the presence of riparian tree seedlings with contrasting morphologies in an experimental, field-scale, meandering stream channel with a mobile sand bed. On a convex point bar, we installed seedlings of Tamarix spp. (tamarisk) and Populus fremontii (cottonwood) with intact roots and simulated a bankfull flood, with each of eight runs varying sediment supply, plant density, and plant species. Vegetation reduced turbulence and velocities on the bar relative to bare-bed conditions, inducing sediment deposition when vegetation was present, regardless of vegetation density or species. Sediment supply also played a dominant role, and eliminating sediment supply reduced deposition regardless of the presence of vegetation. Unexpectedly, plant density and species architecture (shrubby tamarisk versus single-stemmed cottonwood) had only a secondary influence on hydraulics and sediment transport. In the absence of plants, mobile bedforms were prominent across the bar, but vegetation of all types decreased the height and lateral extent of bedforms migrating across the bar, suggesting a mechanism by which vegetation modulates feedbacks among sediment transport, topography, and hydraulics. Our measurements and resulting insights bridge the gap between laboratory conditions and real dryland sand-bed rivers and motivate further morphodynamic modeling.
Improving Language Comprehension to Enhance Word-Problem Solving

The focus of this article is the role of language comprehension within word-problem solving (WPS). The role of the language comprehension in WPS is explained, and an overview of research illustrating language comprehension's contribution to WPS is described. Next, an innovative intervention that embeds WP-specific language comprehension instruction within a validated form of schema-based WP intervention is described, and the methods and results of a randomized controlled trial assessing the added value of embedding WP-specific language comprehension instruction are outlined. Implications for practice and future research are drawn.
Identification of existing stress in existing civil structures for accurate prediction of structural performance under impending extreme winds

To accurately predict structural performance under impending extreme winds, it is imperative to identify the existing stressing condition in critical structural components before a hazard (intrinsi...
Using Digital Badges as Goal-Setting Facilitators: A Multiple Case Study.

Students’ goal-setting skills are highly related to their academic learning performance and level of motivation. A review of the literature demonstrated limited research on both applicable goal-setting strategies in higher education and the support of technology in facilitating goal-setting processes. Addressing these two gaps, this study explored the use of digital badges as an innovative approach to facilitate student goal-setting. The digital badge is a digital technology that serves as both a micro-credential and a micro-learning platform. A digital badge is a clickable badge image that represents an accomplished skill or knowledge and includes a variety of metadata such as learning requirements, instructional materials, endorsement information, issue data and institution, which allows the badges to be created, acquired and shared in an online space. In higher education, digital badges have the potential for assisting students by promoting strategic management of the learning process, encouraging persistence and devoted behavior to learning tasks, and improving learning performance. A qualitative multiple case study design (n = 4) was used to answer the research question: how did the undergraduate student participants in this study use digital badges to facilitate their goal-setting process throughout a 16-week hybrid course? Results from this study contribute to understanding how to effectively integrate digital badges to meaningfully improve self-regulated learning in higher education.
Disparity of health services in patients with knee osteoarthritis before total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Recent evidence describes which interventions are driving insurance payments in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) before total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, relatively little is known about how these costs are distributed among patients. Methods We reviewed the Humana claims database for patients who underwent primary TKA from 2009 to 2016. Insurance payments for treatment, imaging, and evaluation and management were calculated from OA diagnosis to TKA, the distribution of payments was determined, and a high-payment group was identified by determining the point at which patients began to account for a disproportionate percentage of payments. This group of high-payment patients was compared with remaining patients (low-payment patients) based on demographic factors and nonarthroplasty payments and utilization. Results The top 30% of patients accounted for more than 70% of nonarthroplasty payments. High-payment patients were more likely to be younger, female, and more comorbid. Median time from diagnosis to TKA for high-payment patients was 3 times longer than that for low-payment patients (654 days [320-1191] vs 204 days [68-582], P Conclusions Identification of high-payment patients in the management of knee OA may allow for targeted care pathways and cost-reduction strategies in the nonarthroplasty period, although additional studies are necessary to further characterize this population and efficiently recognize appropriate TKA candidates and timing.
Risk of abnormal cervical cytology in HIV-infected women testing positive for both human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in genital tract specimens

Although infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for cervical cancer development, HPV infection is not sufficient to promote cancer in the majority of infected women. We tested the hypothesis that human herpesviruses might cooperate with HPV to promote the development of cervical dysplasia, an early indicator of cervical cancer development. This study used archived specimens from a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women seeking gynecological care at the Medical Center of New Orleans, Louisiana. Viral DNA was detected by PCR amplification and risk of abnormal cervical cytology was determined in relation to virus test results. Consensus human herpesvirus PCR with herpes speciation by restriction endonuclease digestion revealed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to be the most prevalent herpesvirus in cervicovaginal lavage specimens. Further analysis using an EBV-specific PCR assay and cervical swab specimens demonstrated an approximately fourfold increased risk of abnormal cervical cytology in women testing positive for cervical EBV and high-risk HPV compared to women testing positive for high-risk HPV alone. This relationship was independent of markers of advancing HIV disease. Cervical shedding of EBV appears to predict a greater risk of cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women with a high-risk HPV infection.
Characterization of Chronic Sinonasal Disease Symptoms in an Urban Homeless Population

BackgroundThe urban homeless population has increased exposure to risk factors associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, a gap in knowledge of the prevalence of sinonasal symptoms in t...
Measurement Errors in Binary Regressors: An Application to Measuring the Effects of Specific Psychiatric Diseases on Earnings

This paper presents an overview of the theory of measurement error bias in ordinary regression estimators when several binary explanatory variables are mismeasured. This situation commonly occurs in health-related applications where the effects of illness are modeled in a multivariate framework and where health conditions are usually 0–1 survey responses indicating the absence or presence of diseases. An analysis of the effect of psychiatric diseases on male earnings provides an empirical example that indicates extensive measurement error bias even in sophisticated survey measures that are designed to simulate clinical diagnoses. A corrected covariance matrix is constructed from a validity study of the survey mental health indicators. When ordinary least squares estimators are adjusted by this correction matrix, the estimated earnings effects drop for certain diseases (drug abuse, general phobic disorders) and rise for others (anti-social personality).
Heading the Right Way? The Influence of Motion Direction in Advertising on Brand Trust

Integrating research on visual marketing, spatial associations, and brand inferences, the authors conduct four studies demonstrating that when consumers see an ad featuring an object moving in a le...
Subject ellipsis in early child English

Abstract This paper aims to discuss whether parametric analyses can account for missing subjects in child English. I review previous parametric analyses of missing subjects and present a new learning model built upon a more recent version of the Null Subject Parameter (Holmberg, 2010a). Parametric analyses of the phenomenon have the advantage of giving a simple answer to why children omit subjects and how they reach an adult grammar: the problem is reduced to a matter of parameter missetting and resetting. However, early parametric analyses of missing subjects (Hyams, 1986, 1991) were challenged by empirical findings (Valian, 1991; Wang et al., 1992). The pattern of subject omission in child English also cannot be explained by the new parametric learning model presented in this article. I conclude that missing subjects in English are best analyzed as subject ellipsis (i.e., ‘diary drop’), an option available for English-speaking adults.
Stochastic Analysis of Network-Level Bridge Maintenance Needs Using Latin Hypercube Sampling

AbstractThe deterioration of bridge infrastructure along with diminishing funding resources necessitates reliable planning for future budget needs to maintain bridges at an acceptable level of perf...
Sound Streams: A Cultural History of Radio-Internet Convergence: Andrew J. Bottomley. (2020). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 338 pages.

Sound Streams: A Cultural History of Radio-Internet Convergence from Andrew Bottomley adds to the growing academic literature on radio as well as work on Internet history. Radio, as Bottomley point...
Assaying Cell Cycle Status Using Flow Cytometry

In this chapter, four methods are described that can be used to assess cell cycle status in flow cytometry. The first method is based on the simultaneous analysis of cellular DNA content using a fluorescent DNA dye (propidium iodide) and of a nuclear proliferation marker (Ki-67). The second is based on the differential staining of DNA and RNA using Hoechst 33342 and Pyronin Y: this method is particularly useful to distinguish quiescent cells in G0 phase from G1 cells. Finally, two methods are described based on DNA incorporation of the synthetic nucleosides BrdU and EdU.
De Quervain Tenosynovitis: An Evaluation of the Epidemiology and Utility of Multiple Injections Using a National Database

Purpose We hypothesized that repeat injections are associated with a decreased rate of success and that the success rate of injections correlates with patient comorbidities. Methods Using a commercially available insurance database, patients diagnosed with De Quervain tenosynovitis were identified using International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision codes and stratified by therapeutic interventions, including therapy, injections, and surgery, as well as comorbidities. Injection failure was defined as a patient receiving a repeat injection or subsequent surgical management. Success was defined as no further therapies identified after an intervention. Results From 2007 to 2017, 33,420 patients with a primary diagnosis of De Quervain tenosynovitis were identified. Women represented 77.5% (25,908) of the total and were 2.6 times more likely to be diagnosed than men. Black patients were more likely to be diagnosed than White patients. Black and White women were found to have the highest incidence (relative risk 3.4 and 2.3, respectively, compared with White men). Age was also significantly correlated with an increased risk of diagnosis of the condition, with a peak incidence at the age of 40–59 years (relative risk, 10.6). Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis , lupus, and hypothyroidism were associated with an increased risk of diagnosis. Overall, 53.3% of the patients were treated with injections, 11.6% underwent surgery, and 5.2% underwent therapy. Treatment with a single injection was successful in 71.9% of the patients, with 19.7% receiving a repeat injection and 8.4% treated with surgery. The overall success rate of subsequent injections was 66.3% for the second injection and 60.5% for the third. The initial injection had a higher rate of success in diabetics than in nondiabetics; however, the difference (2%) was not clinically relevant. Conclusions Although the success rate for the treatment of De Quervains tenosynovitis decreases with multiple injections, repeat injections have a high rate of success and are a viable clinical option. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic II.
Procedural Justice in Organizations

In previous chapters we have made reference to potential applications of procedural justice theory and research to organizational settings. Like courts and political institutions, organizations must make decisions concerning the evaluation of individuals and groups, the allocation of resources and outcomes, and the resolution of disputes. And like other social entities, organizations develop procedures that specify how information is to be gathered and used to make these decisions, who is authorized to make decisions, and how decisions are to be executed. We discuss in this chapter psychological reactions to organizational procedures. Research and theory to date show that, although some special considerations arise in procedural justice in organizations, by and large the same basic psychological processes occur here as in other procedural contexts.
Abstract 1596: Detection of PD-L1 in cell surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells is associated with poor survival in cancer patients

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the cells that detach from the primary tumor of patients and enter in to the blood stream and these can be represented as the seeds of metastasis. Increasing evidence has shown the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients parallels with tumor burden and is associated with poor prognosis. Although CTC counts change indicates a good modality to detect therapeutic response to drug treatments, there is an increasing need of a reliable marker that can be used to predict survival in cancer patients. One of the most prevalent markers detected in cancer patients is the cell surface glycoprotein called PD-L1 (also called B7-H1 and CD274). Aberrant expression of PD-L1 has been reported in several cancer types. Here in this study we tested the hypothesis that detection of PD-L1 in CTCs is associated with poor prognosis. To validate the hypothesis, we isolated cell-surface vimentin (CSV) positive CTCs from colorectal cancer patients using 84-1 method and analyzed for PD-L1 expression. Our results indicated that PD-L1 detection in CTCs was associated with poor overall survival (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.11 to 5.35; p, 0.0264) in colorectal cancer patients undergoing treatment. These findings thus suggest that PD-L1 detection in CSV CTC could serve as a new prognostic tool. We further extend our observations in other types of cancers including breast, prostate and sarcoma. Citation Format: Arun Satelli, Zachary Brownlee, Hyangsoon Noh, Qing H. Meng, Scott Kopetz, Michael Overman, Shulin Li. Detection of PD-L1 in cell surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1596
Multifunctional diagnostic, nanothermometer, and photothermal nano-devices

ABSTRACT Photothermal treatment is a valuable part of cancer therapies, in which the temperature of the heated region must rise to at least 40-45 o C for protein destruction to occur[1, 2]. In practice, heating temperature distributions are typically non-uniform, resulting in incomplete kill of cancer cells. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) show strong absorption in the near infrared which leads to a strong plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect. However, basic scientific understanding of AuNR local temperature and heat transfer to local surroundings has not been investigated in detail. In our study, the near infrared (NIR) excited Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-AuNR nanostructure combines the powerful diagnostic and thermal sensing capacity of UCNPs, with the known therapeutic property of AuNRs. We show enhanced upconverted emission with AuNRs coupling, improving diagnostic capacity of the construct. We demonstrate mapping of the temperature profile within tumor tissue phantom medium, at high spatial and temporal sensitivity. Keywords: Upconversion, AuNRs, photothermal, thermal sensing, temperature profile.