cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of veal calves upon arrival, at 28 and 84 days, and at end of the production cycle

Holstein bull calves arriving at five special-fed veal farms (eight production groups) were scored for various physical condition traits and blood-sampled within 2 h after arrival and at 28 d, 84 d, and 1 wk prior to slaughter at 116 to 143 d. Of 1179 total calves in the production groups, 758 calves were scored and evaluated. Blood cell analyses (red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume) were conducted at all four sampling times; total serum protein concentration was obtained at 0 and 28 d. The study was initiated in autumn and ended the following autumn. Mean initial and final body weights were 46.3 ± 0.17 and 209.7 ± 0.77 kg; mean mortality was 2.5%. Average daily gain of the eight groups ranged from 1.23 to 1.70 kg/d. Subjective scores of 5 = excellent to 1 = very poor condition were used to evaluate 16 different physical condition characteristics. With the exception of leg joint, hoof, and foot scores, most of the physical condition scores exhibited improvement during the first 28 d. Foot and leg impairments did not appear to hinder the ambulatory ability of the calves during the production period. Physical condition scores at d 0 and 28 were generally not related to numbers or types of medical treatments (enteric, respiratory, other, or total) or to average daily gain during the production period. Means for most erythrocytic and leukocytic traits upon arrival (d 0) were within normal ranges, although 27.4% of the calves were clinically or marginally anemic. Final mean hemoglobin and packed cell volume were 8.53 g/dl and 26.1%. Forty-three percent of the calves at d 0 were colostral deficient, assuming that total serum protein concentrations of <5.5 g/dl indicate colostral deficiency. No blood trait was consistently correlated with body weight gain when gain during the production period was divided into quartiles and the blood traits were averaged by gain quartile. Calves in the lowest serum total protein quartile (mean 4.58 g/dl) had more respiratory and total medical treatments than quartiles with higher total protein means. Dairy bull calves arriving at veal production units after transporting from the dairy farm to the auction market (or other collection facility) have several physical impairments. However, most of these physical impairments are improved early in the veal feeding period and are not generally related to subsequent growth rate or medical treatment.
Useful Computer Codes for Wind Energy Engineering Applications

At the University of Massachusetts a number of wind engineering computer codes (the "UMass Mini-Codes") have been developed during the past for educational, research, and design purposes. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of these codes. A summary description of each of these codes (categorized by groups: data analysis, data synthesis, rotor aerodynamics, electrical, dynamics, and turbine/system performance) is given which contains the overall methods employed, underlying algorithms, and appropriate references. It is expected that these codes will be used for educational purposes, or for general use by the wind energy engineering community.
Practical applications of holometric methods in automotive testing

The purpose of this paper is to relate several automotive industry applications of holographic interferometry, or holometry. Holographic nondestructive test methods are now routinely used in industry to study structural integrity and to assess vibrational response of components. This work is usually performed to verify that a component will not fail in service. The work cited in this paper was performed instead for the purpose of assessing the noise, vibration, and harshness implications of various hardware configurations. Four examples of such work will be presented; objectives, methods, and results will be discussed for each example.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Potential Usage of Dual Chamber Pacing in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

UNLABELLED Bradycardia support by ICDs has been limited to fixed rate, ventricular pacing. Concomitant placement of a pacemaker and an ICD exposes a patient to potentially life-threatening device interactions. ICDs capable of dual chamber pacing have recently become available. The number of ICD recipients who stand to benefit from the addition of dual chamber pacing is debated, but no data have addressed this question. This retrospective study analyzed all patients who received nonthoractomy ICD system placement at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN between March 1991 and October 1996 in order to determine the proportion of patients in whom a dual chamber pacing ICD may be indicated. DEFINITIONS (1) Definitely indicated = pacemaker present at ICD implant or NASPE Class I pacing indication; (2) Probably indicated = NASPE Class II pacing indication, NYHA Functional Class III or IV, or history of systolic congestive heart failure; (3) Possibly indicated = history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or an ejection fraction < or = 20%. The results were that nonthoracotomy ICDs were placed in 253 patients. A dual chamber ICD would have been definitely indicated in 11% of the study group, probably indicated in 28%, and possibly indicated in 14%. Chronic atrial fibrillation was present at ICD implant in 6.7% of patients and developed in 0.9%/yr during follow-up. The addition of dual chamber pacing to ICDs stands to potentially benefit approximately half (53%) of ICD recipients. These data do not address all patients who may benefit from dual chamber sensing.
African American Male Achievement: Using a Tenet of Critical Theory to Explain the African American Male Achievement Disparity

Although African Americans continue to demonstrate a desire for education, Black male enrollment and completion rates in higher education are dismal when compared to other ethnic groups. Researchers and scholars have noted various theories and philosophies responsible for the academic disengagement of African American men in higher education. This article provides a new contextual lens for understanding the academic disengagement of Black men using a tenet of critical theory as a method to explain the African American male achievement disparity. Additionally, this research offers employable strategies and activities that may encourage Black male achievement.
Self-powered smart meter with synchronized data

In this article, a notably advanced meter with real-time data detection capability, high reliability, self-powered and low fabrication cost is presented. It is intended for use in smart grid applications. Compared with the old local grid, knowing the system status in real time is achieved as a first step to control a smart grid reliably. Our framework provides insights about an energy harvesting sensor network to monitor the smart grid's power distribution. This provides the information needed to make a compromise between efficiency and reliability of the whole grid system. The meter design shown in this paper operates automatically and is considered with installation difficulties and environmental effects such as position displacement due to weather, electrical and magnetic field interaction and so on. Each meter collects current, voltage and associated phase angles and proceed to carry a two-way communication to form a sensors net using XBee-PRO DigiMesh 2.4 which is a RF commercial communication module.
Small Business Client Satisfaction with Outside Assistance

Outside consultants can improve the standing of small businesses but there are some problems associated with their use. Small business owners may perceive consultants as difficult to find and use, ineffective, or unsatisfactory. The present research is an effort to gain greater insight into the reasons for these beliefs by asking about owners’ experiences with consultants. A survey was mailed to a random selection of 3,000 small businesses in rural Illinois during the summer, 1991. Results suggest that the most effective and satisfying consulting services are those that guide owners to better analyze and problem solve. A theory is identified that accounts for the results and a number of practical insights are provided.
Mechanism of feeding discrimination between matured and juvenile foliage by two species of pine sawflies

Two species of pine sawflies,Neodiprion rugifrons Midd. andN. swainei Midd., feed only on matured foliage of jack pine,Pinus banksiana Lamb., and leave juvenile or current-season foliage intact. This unique form of adaptation was studied from the viewpoint of the chemical ecology of this insect-host plant relationship. It was first determined that the differential larval feeding behavior reflects the presence of feeding deterrents. Two major biologically active substances were isolated and identified as 13-keto-8(14)-podocarpen-18-oic acid and dehydroabietic acid. These account for 63.5% and 24.6% of the total deterrency, respectively. The content of the former substance in current-year foliage decreases, as the foliage begins to mature, to the levels that become acceptable toN. swainei by August (60 days old) and to the second generationN. rugifrons by September (90 days old). The timing of their acceptance of juvenile foliage indicates the high levels of adaptation by these insects to allow oviposition for the on-coming adults and acceptable needles for the next generation of larvae. The level of dehydroabietic acid, on the other hand, does not change appreciably during the same time period: this indicates that the component does not play a significant role in the mechanism of differentiating juvenile from matured foliage by the sawfly larvae.
MHD solution of interplanetary disturbances generated by simulated velocity perturbations

An MHD time-dependent numerical simulation, restricted to the solar equatorial plane, is used to demonstrate the interplanetary disturbances caused by several simplified coronal holes. Each 'hole' is assumed to have a configuration such that the higher solar wind velocity produced within their longitudinal extent is Gaussian over a 7-day period at the inner boundary (0.3 AU) of the numerical simulation. A second, twin coronal hole is assumed to rotate on the solar disk behind its predecessor. It is shown that the first coronal hole-produced interplanetary shock ensemble is overtaken by the second ensemble because of the higher velocity, lower density environment into which the latter propagates. A number of features predicted by MHD similarity theory are confirmed by the numerical simulation. These features include (1) strong azimuthal magnetic and plasma density compression, accompanied with average temperature depression, at the contact surface between forward and reverse shock ensembles, and (2) increasing spatial separation distance between forward and reverse shocks.
Effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on the surface hydration of phospholipid vesicles.

Abstract The interfacial properties of the negatively charged dimyristoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) and the zwitterionic dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles mixed with the fusion inhibitor lysomyristoylphosphatidylcholine (LMPC) are investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). At 35 °C, addition of 20 mol% of LMPC to the DMPG vesicles increases the effective concentration of water in the interfacial layer of DMPG vesicles from 19.3 M to 27.7 M, whereas in the case of mixed DMPC-LMPC vesicle the effective water concentration in the interfacial layer of DMPC vesicles only changes from 15.1 M to 18.4 M. The hydrogen bonding structure in both mixed DMPG-LMPC and mixed DMPC-LMPC vesicles becomes stronger with an increasing fraction of LMPC in the vesicles. The average area per phospholipid decreases in mixed DMPC-LMPC vesicles, while it increases in mixed DMPG-LMPC vesicles as the proportion of LMPC in the vesicle increases. The inhibitory nature of LMPC in both vesicle and biological fusion comes from the increase in surface hydration, as well as from the dynamic cone shape of LMPC in the phospholipid bilayer.
Accumulation of Polychlorinated Organic Contaminants from Sediment by Three Benthic Marine Species

A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the accumulation of selected polychlorinated compounds by marine benthos exposed to environmentally contaminated sediment. Sandworms (Nereis virens), clams (Macoma nasuta), and grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were exposed to sediment collected from the Passaic River, New Jersey. All three species accumulated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3, 7,8-TODD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the sediment. In addition, a recently identified sulfur containing analog of tetrachlorinated dibenzofurans, 2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzothiophene (2,4,6,8-TCDT), accumulated in the three species. Accumulation factors (AFs) were calculated (([organism]/lipid) / ([sediment]/total organic carbon)) and used to compare results among species and compounds. These comparisons showed that AFs measured for clams reached steady-state levels rapidly (10 days); however, steady-state Al's values were not achieved until 70–120 days in sandworms. Grass shrimp were exposed to test sediments for only 28 days; therefore, steady-state concentrations could not be determined for this species. Although final contaminant concentrations were highest in the sandworms, AFs were generally higher for the clams and shrimp and lower for the sandworms. The AFs for 2,4,6,8-TCDT were significantly higher for shrimp than for sandworms and clams. PCB 153 showed higher AF values than those of the other compounds studied. Clams showed preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PCB congeners which may be due to the very low lipid content in this species. Sandworms and especially shrimp appeared to metabolize congeners 52, 101, and 151 which all contain vicinal hydrogens in the meta and para regions of the molecule.
3D modeling for TM receptors: Algorithms and validations

This paper outlines the basic strategy to build 3D models of transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) starting from their amino acid sequences in a ‘block-by-block’ manner: (i) locate possible TM helical fragments in the GPCR sequence; (ii) build 3D structures for these helices; (iii) arrange isolated helices across the membrane; (iv) calculate all pairwise helix-helix interactions; (v) assemble helical bundle(s); (vi) restore interhelical loops and N- and C-termini; and (vii) refine the entire 3D structure(s). Computer algorithms and preliminary results for most of the steps are discussed.
A multivariate analysis of airline flight delays

Customer service is of significant concern to an airline passenger. The on‐time performance of an airline is one of the important indicators of customer service. Analyses whether there is any relationship between airline flight delays and the financial situation of an airline. Identifies association between the probability of delay and financial factors of an airline using logistic regression. Indicates that the revenue growth and current ration reduce and leverage, airline size and operating revenue per employee increase the likelihood of a flight being delayed. Suggests the model presented should be of use to quality control professionals to identify causes of (binary) outcomes such as good and bad, on‐time and late, acceptable and not acceptable and so on.
Multilayer diffusional growth in silver-zinc alloys

Multilayer diffusional growth experiments were performed on silver-zinc binary alloys at 400 °C.The growth of the different phase layers was evaluated in terms of alternative theories, which were demonstrated to be equivalent algebraically but complementary because they are expressed in terms of different experimental variables. Parabolic growth constants and integral values of the chemical diffusion coefficients over the widths of the phases were calculated. In all instances of diffusion-controlled growth, the diffusion coefficients were in excellent agreement with conventionally measured values. The γ phase (Ag5Zn8) exhibited nondiffusion-controlled growth kinetics. The influence of the theoretical assumptions of the narrow range of stoichiometry, equilibrium phase boundary compositions and constant molar volumes is discussed.
Differential neurosensitivity to three alcohols and phenobarbital in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice.

Neurosensitivity to ethanol, t-butanol, 1,2-propranediol, and phenobarbital was assessed in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice by means of the grid test, a measure of drug-induced ambulatory ataxia. In addition, blood and brain alcohol concentrations at the time of regaining the righting reflex were determined for ethanol and t-butanol. C57BL/6J mice were consistently more neurosensitive than DBA/2J mice to all four drugs on these two tests, but no strain difference was seen with regard to alcohol-induced hypothermia. These findings, and others reported in the literature, indicate that the strain differences in neurosensitivity are very much task dependent in that some measures yield no differences while other measures produce large differences between these two strains. Thus, one strain is not uniformly more sensitive to ethanol than the other across all measures.
Continuously stratified nonlinear low-mode internal tides

Author Posting. © Sears Foundation for Marine Research, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Sears Foundation for Marine Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Research 66 (2008): 299-323, doi:10.1357/002224008786176025.
A theorem on products of matrices

A new result on products of matrices is proved in the following theorem: let Mi (i=1,2,…) be a bounded sequence of square matrices, and K be the l.u.b. of the spectral radii ρ(Mi). Then for any positive number e there is a constant A and an ordering p(j) (j = 1,2,…) of the matrices such that ∏j=1nMp(j)⩽A·(K+e)n (n = 1,2,…) . The ordering is well defined by p(j), a one-to-one mapping on the set of positive integers. In general the inequality does not hold for any ordering p(j) (a counterexample is provided); however, some sufficient conditions are given for the result to remain true irrespective of the order of the matrices.
Ferrocene functional polymer brushes on indium tin oxide via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization

The synthesis and electrochemical characterization of ferrocene functional polymethacrylate brushes on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is reported. SI-ATRP of ferrocene-containing methacrylate (FcMA) monomers from a phosphonic acid initiator-modified ITO substrate yielded well-defined homo- and block (co)polymer brushes of varying molar mass (4,000 to 37,000 g/mol). Correlation of both electrochemical properties and brush thicknesses confirmed controlled SI-ATRP from modified ITO surfaces. The preparation of block copolymer brushes with varying sequences of FcMA segments was conducted to interrogate the effects of spacing from the ITO electrode surface on the electrochemical properties of a tethered electroactive film.
‘A failure of language’: Achieving layers of meaning in graphic journalism

The power and the promise of the genre of graphic journalism (or graphic non-fiction) resides not simply in the form’s juxtaposition of text and image, but in the manners in which such juxtaposition is able to create an emotive immediacy and a visceral impact that is the aim of the best of literary journalism. Further, when certain subjects, especially those of a serious nature such as Israeli/Palestinian violence or the drug-related carnage of Juarez, Mexico, are represented via this medium (as in Joe Sacco’s Palestine and Charles Bowden’s Dreamland, respectively), this immediacy and impact are accomplished through certain formalistic devices that the genre is particularly suited to deliver. This article seeks to show the way in which one such example, Dreamland, is instructive in creating a powerful journalistic representation of a subject via this image/text relationship.
Utility Of Clinical Swallowing Examination Measures For Detecting Aspiration Post-Stroke

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the utility of clinical swallowing examination (CSE) measures for detecting aspiration as defined by videofluoroscopic swallowing examination (VFS...
Knowing Women Straight Men and Sexual Certainty

This article analyzes data available in published studies of rapists’ self-reports and argues that according to their own accounts, many men developed inaccurate impressions of women’s desires through a confident form of role-taking. While rapists’ inaccuracies have been previously described as instances of “miscommunication”or lapsed role-taking, they do not always indicate lack of emotional or intellectual depth to role-taking. The article adds to the profeminist, symbolic interactionist literature on role-taking by arguingthat relations of disavowedmale-male desire andthe exchange of women make the possibility of men’s sensitive knowledge of women’s sexual desires problematic. Some of these forms of knowledge are outlined, and an approach to rape prevention is briefly suggested.
Effect of Lactic Acid on Protein Solubilization and Starch Yield in Corn Wet‐Mill Steeping: A Study of Hybrid Effects

ABSTRACT To better understand the role of lactic acid (LA) in corn wet-milling, steeping studies were performed on different yellow dent corn hybrids using four different solutions containing LA, sulfur dioxide (SO2), a combination of LA and SO2, or no added chemicals. Although there was variation in protein solubilization among the hybrids, protein release was consistently higher when LA was included in the steepwater than when it was excluded (both with and without SO2). Several groups have reported that starch recoveries are improved when steepwater contains LA. To explore the relationship between protein solubilization and starch yield as effected by LA, several yellow dent hybrids were steeped in 0.20% SO2 and 0.50% LA-0.20% SO2 solutions and milled to recover starch by a 100-g laboratory corn wet-milling procedure. In all instances, both starch yields and protein solubilization were enhanced in solutions containing LA. These results support the hypothesis that direct dissolution of the endosperm pro...
Young Adolescents' Positioning of Human Rights: Findings from Colombia, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland and the United States.

This study investigated how young adolescents thought about the location of human rights issues and the nature of violations in differing geographic regions. Open-ended, task-based interviews were ...
A randomized, double-blind trial of oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol in hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy.

Abstract Objective: We sought to compare the efficacies of oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol in the acute management of hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy. Study Design: We performed a randomized double-blind trial of oral nifedipine (10 mg) and intravenous labetalol (20 mg) in 50 peripartum patients with sustained systolic blood pressure of ≥170 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥105 mm Hg. Both agents were repeated at sequentially escalating dosages every 20 minutes until a therapeutic goal of systolic blood pressure of t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and analysis of variance for repeated measures. Results: The time to achieve the blood pressure goal was significantly shorter with nifedipine (mean ± SD, 25 ± 13.6 minutes) than with labetalol (43.6 ± 25.4 minutes; P = .002). No patients required crossover therapy. Urine output was significantly increased ( P Conclusions: Both oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol are effective in the management of acute hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy; however, nifedipine controls hypertension more rapidly and is associated with a significant increase in urinary output. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:858-61.)
BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF CARDIAC INJURY IN NORMAL AND SURVIVING VERSUS NON-SURVIVING SEPTICEMIC NEONATAL FOALS

Although myocardial injury can be a significant component of multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) in association with septicemia in critically ill human patients, it is as yet an undefined clinical entity in equine septicemia. With septicemia as the leading cause of death in neonatal foals, a better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of MODS will be important in further improving survival rates. We designed a prospective study to establish normal ranges for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), T (cTnT) and CKMB mass in healthy 24–48 hour old foals, as well as septicemic neonatal foals seen over a 2-year period in a teaching hospital. We also performed a comparison of these biomarkers in surviving and non-surviving septicemic foals. Sepsis was judged on the basis of the presence of any of the 3 following criteria: blood culture positive at admission, admission sepsis score ≥11, or 3 or more sites of infection during hospitalization in foals ≤14 days of age. cTnI was measured by the ACCESS® (Beckman Coulter), cTnT was measured using the Elecsys 2010® Immunoassay (Roche), and CKMB mass measurements were performed using the Elecsys 2010®. Each parameter was described using range and 95th and 50th percentile. Comparisons were made for each parameter between normal and septic foals as well as surviving and non-surviving septic foals using the non-parametric Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Significance was set at p<0.05. There were 52 control foals and 38 septic foals of which 22 survived. Significant differences were documented for CKMB between septicemic and normal foals, but not for cTnT or cTnI. However, CKMB and cTnT were significantly lower in surviving versus non-surviving septicemic foals. The 50th and 95th percentiles alongside the ranges for the normal foal population were 0.14, 0.49, (0.01–0.51) μg/L for cTnI, 0.009, 0.03, (0.009–0.04) μg/L for cTnT and 2.3, 7.4, (0.4–9.3) μg/L for CKMB. Our findings suggest that myocardial injury is a component of MODS during septicemia in foals, and that quantitatively significant increases in CKMB and cTnT are seen in non-surviving septicemic foals versus survivors.
Using current consumer issues to involve students in research

The value of involving students in research has been well documented. By including students in research, active and independent learning opportunities are provided, the importance of inquiry and investigation is emphasized, and connections between course material and the discipline become evident. Relevant opportunities for involving students in research projects can sometimes be elusive. Faculty time constraints limit the number of projects that can be undertaken and the number of students involved. Furthermore, many students become intimidated when told that they are required to carry out a research project. The purpose of this study was to use current consumer issues to involve undergraduate students in a relevant research project. The research project was implemented in class settings with teams of students. Faculty selected contemporary consumer issues based upon perceived student interest and experiences as consumers. By using issues of high relevance and familiarity to students and using the team approach within a course that faculty members were already assigned to teach, the issues of time constraint for the faculty members and increased levels of comfort for students were addressed. Prior to undertaking the project, students were instructed in appropriate research methods. Research methods utilized included student development of survey instruments, collection and recording of data, interpretation of data and presentation of results. Students became familiar with various research practices. By working as team members, the students’ comfort level for being involved in research increased; however, other common group challenges arose. Relevant, contemporary consumer issues carry high relevance and interest for student groups, helping generate enthusiasm for the research process. The focus on involving students in research continues to be emphasized. By using research topics related to student's experiences as consumers, students are more readily engaged in undertaking research projects. Through these relevant research projects, students’ consumer decision making is positively impacted.
JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a fatal infection

The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes a lifelong persistent infection in the reno-urinary tract in the majority of the adult population worldwide. In healthy individuals, infection is asymptomatic, while in immunocompromised individuals, the virus can spread to the central nervous system and cause a fatal demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There are currently very few treatment options for this rapidly progressing and devastating disease. Understanding the basic biology of JCPyV-host cell interactions is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat PML. Research in our laboratory has focused on gaining a detailed mechanistic understanding of the initial steps in the JCPyV life cycle in order to define how JCPyV selectively targets cells in the kidney and brain. JCPyV requires sialic acids to attach to host cells and initiate infection, and JCPyV demonstrates specificity for the oligosaccharide lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc) with an α2,6-linked sialic acid. Following viral attachment, JCPyV entry is facilitated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2 family of serotonin receptors via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. JCPyV then undergoes retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where viral disassembly begins. A novel retrograde transport inhibitor termed Retro-2cycl prevents trafficking of JCPyV to the ER and inhibits both initial virus infection and infectious spread in cell culture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which JCPyV establishes infection will open up new avenues for the prevention or treatment of virus-induced disease.
Naproxen disposition in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease is known to alter the absorption and disposition of many drugs. To assess the influence of chronic alcoholic liver disease on the disposition of naproxen, we administered the drug both as a single dose and to steady state to 10 individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis and to 10 healthy controls. Plasma and serum samples collected after naproxen dosing were assayed for both total and (following equilibrium dialysis) unbound drug concentration. Clearance calculated based on both total and unbound naproxen concentration revealed no change in total plasma clearance of the drug at steady state but a marked reduction of approximately 60% in clearance based on unbound drug. Naproxen volume of distribution changed only minimally. Because clearance based on unbound drug concentration at a given dosing rate determines the plasma or blood free drug concentration, this concentration may increase significantly in patients with alcoholic liver disease given usual doses of naproxen. Unbound drug concentration is thought to determine the pharmacologic effect of a drug. We therefore recommend that naproxen dosing be reduced by at least half in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. In the absence of data to the contrary, this recommendation can be extended to individuals with other forms of hepatic disease.
Psychiatric disorders and mental health service use in patients with advanced cancer: a report from the coping with cancer study.

BACKGROUND Psychological morbidity has been proposed as a source of distress in cancer patients. This study aimed to: 1) determine the prevalence of diagnosable psychiatric illnesses, and 2) describe the mental health services received and predictors of service utilization in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multi-institutional study of 251 eligible patients with advanced cancer. Eligibility included: distant metastases, primary therapy failure, nonpaid caregiver, age ≥20 years, stamina for the interview, English or Spanish-speaking, and adequate cognitive ability. Trained interviewers administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) modules for Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and a detailed questionnaire regarding mental health service utilization. RESULTS Overall, 12% met criteria for a major psychiatric condition and 28% had accessed a mental health intervention for a psychiatric illness since the cancer diagnosis. Seventeen percent had discussions with a mental health professional; 90% were willing to receive treatment for emotional problems. Mental health services were not accessed by 55% of patients with major psychiatric disorders. Cancer patients who had discussed psychological concerns with mental health staff (odds ratio [OR] = 19.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.90–41.50) and non-Hispanic white patients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.01–7.43) were more likely to receive mental health services in adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS Advanced cancer patients experience major psychiatric disorders at a prevalence similar to the general population, but affected individuals have a low rate of utilizing mental health services. Oncology providers can enhance utilization of mental health services, and potentially improve clinical outcomes, by discussing mental health concerns with their patients. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The role of flexible bronchoscopy

Abstract Flexible bronchoscopy is an integral part of tertiary paediatric respiratory practice. It has a mainly diagnostic role, from direct observation (anatomy and structure, airway contents, dynamics), and sampling (lavage, biopsy and brushings). There are also some therapeutic roles, mainly re-inflation of an atelectatic segment or lobe. Clinical situations that may require referral for consideration of a bronchoscopy include chronic or recurrent stridor, severe wheeze, chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, and pneumonia that fails to resolve. Additionally, bronchoscopy is often required in children with chronic suppurative lung disease, patients ventilated in a paediatric or cardiac intensive care unit, and children who have undergone transplantation. Finally its use in research is increasingly improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma and cystic fibrosis.
BELIEF IN PARANORMAL PHENOMENA AND PERSONALITY

(77%), UFOs (55%), faith healing (55%), heaven (91%), mediums (32%), ESP (53%), ghosts (58%), God (95%), life on other planets (68x1, and reincarnation (52%). ' None of the 33 Pearson correlation coefficients were statistically significant. They ranged from -.23 to 22, with a median of .04. Thus, this study yielded no association between belief in several paranormal phenomena and
Comment on "Chiral gauge theories on a lattice and application to the chiral Schwinger model"

The action proposed by Aoki for treating fermions on the lattice coupled chirally to gauge fields is shown to generate mass terms for the gauge fields. Thus this model when treated consistently is identical to the model proposed by Smit.
Education for Social Transformation: Infusing Feminist Ethics and Critical Pedagogy into Community-Based Research:

In this paper we lay bare the theoretical underpinnings for the pervasive individualist model that shapes many community engagement courses, and then we present and analyze a case study based on a collaborative community-based research model developed by the co-authors. By shifting the theoretical foundations for community-based research, and more specifically, grounding our work in feminist ethics and critical pedagogy theories, we created linked courses that weave both collaborative theory and practice into the fabric of the courses. Upon teaching these courses, we found that students responded in an overwhelmingly positive way to collaborative theoretical models and to collaborative dialogical practice in the classroom, but when it came to team-based work conducted with community members, student responses were mixed. Reactions to collaborative grading practice conducted by faculty members and the community partner were more unanimous: a majority of students expressed confusion and discomfort with this...
A Novel Photosynthetic Purple Bacterium Isolated from a Yellowstone Hot Spring

A thermophilic photosynthetic purple bacterium was isolated from the waters of a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The organism differs from all known purple bacteria in that it grows optimally at a temperature of about 50° C. The isolate contains bacteriochlorophyll a and grows autotrophically, oxidizing sulfide to elemental sulfur which is then stored as globules inside the cell. These properties indicate that the phototroph is a member of the Chromatiaceae (purple sulfur bacteria).
Multiplicity Estimation of Proportions Based on Ratios of Random Variables

Abstract This article applies the counting rule strategy to the problem of estimating the proportion of population elements with a specified characteristic based on a sample of enumeration units. The distribution of population elements among the enumeration units is a function of the counting rule which specifies the conditions for linking population elements to enumeration units. The counting rule strategy involves the selection of the counting rule which minimizes the variance of the estimate for fixed cost. The strategy is illustrated by a problem which involves estimating the proportion of incorrect statistical statements in the text of a report based on a sample of lines of text.
Buschke-Lowenstein giant condylomas: Pitfalls in management

Abstract Three patients with Buschke-Lowenstein giant condylomas are reviewed in conjunction with an attempt to establish parameters for the differential diagnosis and management of he condition.
Outcomes of surgical revascularization for lower extremity arterial thromboembolism in patients with advanced malignancy

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of surgical revascularization for lower extremity arterial thromboembolism in patients with advanced malignancy. Methods The 2005-2011 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used for this study. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes of patients with known advanced malignancy who underwent surgical revascularization for lower extremity arterial thromboembolic disease were assessed and compared with those of patients without known advanced malignancy. Parsimonious multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent association between advanced malignancy and 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity after adjustment for demographic characteristics, acute and chronic comorbid disease burden, history of peripheral arterial disease, functional and nutritional status, acuity of presentation, and procedure type. Results The study included 136 patients with advanced malignancy who underwent surgical revascularization for lower extremity arterial thromboembolism for analysis (65% thromboembolectomy, 26% thromboendarterectomy, and 22% bypass grafting). The 30-day mortality and morbidity rates in these patients were 30.2% and 38.2%, respectively. Compared with patients without advanced malignancy, patients with advanced malignancy had a significantly greater risk of postoperative death (adjusted odds ratio, 5.92; 95% confidence interval, 3.69-9.52; P P = .21). Conclusions Our study is the largest to date to describe the outcomes of patients with advanced malignancy who undergo surgical revascularization for arterial thromboembolism of the lower extremities. Such patients suffer high rates of early postoperative mortality and morbidity, especially when emergency operation is required. Early involvement of palliative care specialists is warranted in these patients to ensure that the decision to pursue surgical revascularization is aligned with their goals of care.
Partial nephrectomy is associated with improved overall survival compared to radical nephrectomy in patients with unanticipated benign renal tumours.

Abstract Background Partial nephrectomy (PN) has been associated with improved overall survival (OS) in select cohorts with localised renal masses when compared to radical nephrectomy (RN). The driving forces behind these differences have been difficult to elucidate given the heterogeneity of previously compared cohorts. Objective Compare OS in a subset of patients with unanticipated benign renal masses to minimise the confounding effect of cancer. Design, setting, and participants We retrospectively evaluated 2608 consecutive clinical T1 enhancing renal masses that were treated with extirpative surgery at our institution between 1999 and 2006. Of these, 499 tumours (19%) were found to be benign on final pathology. Preoperative data and renal functional data were used to generate a propensity model that was then plugged into a multivariate model of survival. Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 50 mo (interquartile range [IQR]: 32–73). Intervention All patients underwent PN or RN. Measurements We measured OS and cardiac-specific survival. Results and limitations Five-year OS estimates for the PN ( n =388) and RN ( n =111) cohorts were 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93–98) versus 83% (95% CI, 74–90), respectively ( P Conclusions PN was associated with better OS when compared to RN in patients with unanticipated benign tumours. This observed survival advantage appears partly to be the result of better preservation of eGFR, but other kidney functions or unmeasured factors may also play a role. These data indicate that PN should be aggressively pursued in any patient where PN is technically feasible.
Structure of a gel phase lipid bilayer prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett/Langmuir-Schaefer method characterized by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy.

The structure of a planar supported lipid bilayer (PSLB) prepared by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB)/Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) method was investigated by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS). By using asymmetric lipid bilayers composed of selectively deuterated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) lipids, the orientation of the fatty acid chains and phosphocholine headgroups has been determined independently for both leaflets of the bilayer. The alkyl chains of the lipids were found to be orientated approximately 13° ± 4° from the surface normal for both leaflets. The lipid chains in both leaflets also contain some gauche content, which is consistent with previous NMR and FTIR studies of similar lipid systems. More importantly, the relative number of gauche defects does not seem to be influenced by the deposition method, LB versus LS. The headgroup orientation for the lipid film in contact with the silica support was determined to be 69° ± 3°, whereas that in contact with the aqueous phase w...
Effects of Isotopic Spin Selection Rules on Photonuclear Yields

The effects of isotopic spin selection rules were taken into consideration in order to explain the observed high ratio of ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, p$) to ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, n$) cross sections. The recent experimental evidence on the separate giant resonances for ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, p$) and ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, n$) cross sections seems to support this viewpoint.
Performance of fibre distributed data interface network for multiple classes of traffic

Fibre distributed data interface (FDDI) is a local-area network that supports data transmission at 100 Mbit/s using token passing. It supports synchronous and asynchronous data transmissions and allows each station to have multiple classes of asynchronous data. The performance of a homogeneous FDDI network is considered for multiple classes of traffic. The model presented can be used to evaluate the throughput of FDDI networks for different priority threshold values. The model can also be used to determine the control parameters of the priority scheme to meet the throughput requirements of different classes of traffic. The throughput characteristics derived using the above model are verified using computer simulations. Performance characteristics of FDDI networks, obtained via simulations, are also presented.
Lens data depth and median

We define the lens depth (LD) function LD(t; F) of a vector t∈R d with respect to a distribution function F to be the probability that t is contained in a random hyper-lens formed by the intersection of two closed balls centred at two i.i.d observations from F. We show that LD is a statistical depth function and explore its properties, including affine invariance, symmetry, maximality at the centre and monotonicity. We define the sample LD and investigate its uniform consistency, asymptotic normality and computational complexity in high-dimensional settings. We define the lens median (LM), a multivariate analogue of the univariate median, as the point where the LD is maximised. The sample LM is the vector that is covered by the most number of hyper-lenses formed between any two sample observations. We state its asymptotic consistency and normality and examine its breakdown point and relative efficiency. The sample LM is robust and efficient for estimating the centre of a unimodal distribution. A compariso...
Perspectives of UN special rapporteurs on their role: inherent tensions and unique contributions to human rights

This article evaluates the role of United Nations special rapporteurs through a systematic study of the perspectives of mandate-holders. Qualitative interviews with current and former rapporteurs and their assistants reveal that three central tensions inherent in the rapporteur's task give the rapporteur room for individual experimentation. First, the tension between UN affiliation and independent status allows the rapporteur to determine his/her orientation toward the UN. Secondly, the tension between competing obligations to treat sovereign states as partners and as adversaries forces the rapporteur to develop innovative strategies to address national sovereignty. Thirdly, the tension between the universal scope of thematic mandates and the impossibility of realising that scope enables the rapporteur to travel between specific contexts and international norms. The unparalleled autonomy afforded by the position enables rapporteurs to define rights in real time, responding to situations as they unfold rat...
Measuring fatigue severity in primary care patients

Objective: We developed a new instrument to measure fatigue that synthesized information from existing instruments. Methods: 35 candidate items and 4 formats for a new fatigue scale were obtained from 15 previously developed instruments. A new scale was developed using factor analysis on a data set of 409 primary care patients and validated on a sample of 816 additional subjects. Results: Different formats for obtaining information about a given fatigue item gave similar results. The new 11 item scale contained four subscales: cognitive, fatigue, energy and productivity. Correlations between the four subscales ranged from .49 to .66. Patients with a higher fatigue score were much more likely to have lower health status, greater depression and more somatic symptoms. Conclusion: This new instrument may be useful in primary care and epidemiological studies to screen and monitor patients for fatigue severity and type.
A harmonic-type maximal principle in the three chains completion problem

In this note, we prove a harmonic-type maximal principle for the Schur parametrization of all contractive interpolants in the three chains completion problem (see [4]), which is analogous to the maximal principle proven in [2] in case of the Schur parametrization of all contractive intertwining liftings in the commutant lifting theorem.