cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Belonging Buffers the Impact of Cognitive Vulnerabilities on Affective Symptoms

Social factors such as perceived social support and a sense of belonging may be protective against stress-related outcomes. It is unclear how these constructs may interact with cognitive vulnerabilities for mental health. The current study examined whether belonging and perceived social support buffered the effect of two cognitive vulnerabilities, perseverative thinking and distress intolerance, on affective symptoms. Participants (N = 1269) were Florida residents aged 18–79 years (M = 35.13, SD = 11.66) who experienced Hurricane Irma. All participants completed an online survey approximately 4–8 months post-Irma, assessing perseverative thinking, distress intolerance, and current symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants also completed two measures of social support: belonging and perceived social support during the hurricane. Belonging significantly moderated the effect of both perseverative thinking and distress intolerance on anxiety and depression, such that the relationship was weaker in those with high levels of belonging. Perceived social support did not exhibit the same moderating role for either anxiety or depression. The results of this study suggest that belonging buffers the relationship between perseverative thinking, distress intolerance, and affective symptoms post-hurricane. Interestingly, perceived social support did not display the same buffering role. This study highlights the important role of social factors, particularly belonging, in protecting against affective symptoms following a stressor.
A Composed Space

My practice is invested in expanding our conscious scope-revealing phenomena and observations, and presenting the information to the viewer through auxiliary channels. Using the language of minimalism, cinema, and abstraction I create technologically sophisticated systems to produce spaces of contemplation (a meditative space challenging the ephemeral relationships between our sensorial perceptions, space, and time). Material , space, and technology become instruments for composition manifesting as silent experimental cinema (created and controlled sonically). My work seeks to illuminate our conscious scope through the succession of frames. Introduction: V I B R A T I 0 N "Everything in the world has a spirit, and this spirit becomes audible by its being set into vibration."1 Oskar Fischinger Influenced by my background in music my work considers systems, materials, and spaces as instruments for composition. Through the real physical event, my work unlocks abstract visual motifs, naturally developing into phrases and phrases into sentences. I recently began to experiment with infrasound (sounds that fall below our hearing range, under 20Hz), structuring each short test as a small single movement work, at first through improvisation and later with a compositional structure. Using a nontraditional method of scoring, each work has a score directly informing the visual effects and motifs produced by the sonic activity allowing the motifs to be reproduced, augmented, and duplicated. My study of the human-centered perception of sound and going beyond its physical sensorial boundaries led me to a system and method of physical experimentation through infrasound producing visual arrays created and controlled sonically. Our perception and memory are defined by our sensorial limitation. Sound (physically) can transcend these limits-to collapse space and time, and move beyond. The movement of matter has no agenda or hierarchy of relevance, but our conscious
Panel: DA Algorithms in Non-EDA Applications: How Universal Are Our Techniques?

Many electronic design automation algorithms and techniques are concerned with solutions to intractable optimization problems. However, the world of intractable optimization problems is hardly limited to EDA. These algorithms and techniques are applicable in other areas as well. In this panel, electronic CAD people talk about new applications for the algorithms and techniques they used in electronic DA. The panel will begin with a full paper on Biological CAD (the problem of using CAD techniques for the design of pharmaceutical molecules, especially peptides), and will then continue with a survey of other areas, including railway scheduling and various optimization problems in finance. This panel will describe specific uses of these algorithms and will explore the larger question of the general applicability of the techniques currently in use in EDA. Most importantly, panelists will address the following question: do our algorithms for hard problems work efficiently because we understand ICs, or because we understand optimization problems?
Executive Branch Pressures on Monetary Policy: 1914–1991

In 1913 the Federal Reserve Act established a central bank which was hailed as being independent of the executive branch of government. In recent decades this independence often seems to have been honored as much in the breach as in the keeping. On occasion, executive branch attempts to influence monetary policy have even become media events. Consequently, a consensus is emerging in the monetary policy literature which rejects as mythic the belief that the Federal Reserve is an independent, politically neutral institution. The contemporary view is that the Administration, while granting significant leeway to the Fed, when necessary obtains the monetary policy actions that it desires (e.g., Beck 1988, Friedman 1982, Poole 1985, Woolley 1984, and Lombra and Moran 1980).
A Hubble Space Telescope Optical and Ground-based Near-Infrared Study of the Giant Nuclear Ring in ESO 565-11*

We present multiband Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images of the central regions of ESO 565-11, a peculiar southern barred galaxy recently shown to have the largest known example of a circumnuclear starburst ring. We also present ground-based near-infrared H-band imaging and photometry of the galaxy. The results provide an interesting picture of the star-forming ring and its environment. Dust connected with the nuclear ring lies mainly in a symmetric two-armed spiral pattern. More than 700 point sources, mostly unresolved clusters, lie on a highly elliptical ring whose major axis is rotated by more than 20° from that of the isophotes of the background starlight. The luminosity function of these clusters follows a power law with slope a = -2.18 ± 0.06, typical of young cluster systems. Most of the clusters lie in the age range 4–6 Myr, and most may be metal-rich compared with the Sun. The nuclear ring is still clearly seen in the H band, revealing a knotty appearance indicating that young stars continue to have a significant impact on its brightness in this passband. Numerical simulations are used to show that the nuclear ring of ESO 565-11 has likely formed between two allowed inner Lindblad resonances with the relatively weak primary bar. The results indicate that the excessive size of the ring may be due to an extended hump in the variation of the parameter Ω - κ/2 with radius. The extreme elongation of the ring and its misalignment with the bar may indicate that it is in an early phase of development. At later times, the simulations suggest that the ring could evolve to a rounder shape. The models do not account for star formation or gas recycling.
Impaired in vitro interferon, blastogenic, and natural killer cell responses to viral stimulation in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Abstract The in vitro immune response to herpes simplex virus (HSV), type 1, strain 539, HSV type 2, strain 316D, and cytomegalovirus was studied in 20 patients (14 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, four with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related symptom complex, and two sexually active asymptomatic homosexuals) and 18 heterosexual healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with 2 × 10 5 plaque-forming units of heat-inactivated viruses, their lymphocyte blastogenic responses were measured after 5 days in culture by [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation, their interferon production was measured after 24 hr and 5 days, and natural killer (NK) cell activation was measured after 24 hr and 5 days of culture. Blastogenic responses to viruses were significantly low for only HSV, type 1:1.75 × 10 3 cpm in patients9 cells compared to 6.36 for controls. Interferon responses to all three viruses were significantly low at both 24 hr and 5 days; e.g. , HSV, type 1: 139 IU/ml in patients9 cells compared to 777 for controls at 24 hr. NK cell responses of patients were lower than those of controls when tested fresh and after 24 hr of incubation: 6.1 versus 11.7% and 9.2 versus 16.8% target cell lysis, respectively. Exposure to viruses boosted NK cell responses of both patients9 and controls9 cells, but boosting was generally greater among the normal rather than the patients9 cells. The abnormalities of response were present in all three patient groups. Addition of interleukin-2 in vitro increased the patient and control blastogenic and NK responses but did not augment the interferon responses. The in vitro responses to both HSV, type 1, and HSV, type 2, correlated significantly with our conventional assays of the percentage and absolute level of T4+-helper lymphocytes in the blood and the blastogenic responses to mitogens, such as phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A. This system should be useful for the study of host defense in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and those in high-risk groups, and also for the in vitro evaluation of immunomodulators.
Yes, We Can! (Should We?).

Historically, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was relegated to hospitals with colocated cardiac surgery because of the potential need for emergent surgical treatment of PCI-related complications. In the current issue of Circulation , Lee and colleagues1 compare outcomes of PCI at hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery and show that emergency cardiac surgery is, in fact, rarely needed ( 1 million patients and demonstrates that the incidence of other PCI-related complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiogenic shock, aortic dissection, and tamponade, as well as early (within 30 days) and late (after 30 days) all-cause mortality, is not different at hospitals with and without colocated cardiac surgery.1 Article see p 388 Because of inconsistencies among the studies, other outcomes indicators of quality, including the need for target vessel revascularization, could not be evaluated in detail. However, when results from the 2 randomized, controlled trials reporting target vessel revascularization (Cardiovascular Patient Outcomes Research Team Trial [CPORT-E]2 and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI] Outcomes in Community Versus Tertiary Settings [MASS COMM]3) were combined, rates of target vessel revascularization were similar at hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery. This important contribution confirms and puts on a more solid evidence-based foundation current guideline recommendations that allow the performance of primary and nonprimary PCI at hospitals without on-site surgery.4 Like all important studies, this report raises a number of questions. Although PCI at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery is safe and effective, what is the motivation for extending nonprimary PCI at these facilities? What are the consequences of extending PCI to more hospitals? How should the extensive research knowledge base summarized by Lee and colleagues be applied to the development of PCI programs at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery? The cynical view is that …
The Proximal Nephron

This chapter deals with an analysis of proximal tubular fluid and electrolyte transport. The proximal tubule of the mammalian kidney is the nephron site where the major portion, some two-thirds to three-fourths, of the filtered sodium salts is reabsorbed. The unique importance of this transport operation derives from the fact that this active, energy-consuming transport process provides the main driving force for transepithelial water movement.(1–2) Thus the maintenance of an adequate and constant extracellular fluid and plasma volume depends crucially on the integrity of the proximal tubular sodium transport system. This is not to ignore the fact that distal portions of the nephron may enhance their rate of sodium and fluid transport when sodium and fluid escape proximal reabsorption, and that the fine adjustment of salt and water balance is regulated within the distal nephron. Nevertheless, it is at the proximal tubular level where the bulk of water, salts, and nonelectrolytes are normally retrieved from the filtrate.
Representations of loop groups, Dirac operators on loop space, and modular forms

FOR M a compact Spin manifold of dimension d= 2k, the unicersal elliptic genus p(M), in the sense of D. V. Chudnovsky, G. V. Chudnovsky, P. Landweber, S. Ochanine, and R. E. Stong, is a modular form of weight k for a level 2 congruence subgroup of SL(2, Z) [SJ, [17], [19], [26], and [28]. E. Witten showed that p(M) could be interpreted as the index of a sort of twisted Dirac operator on the loop manifold LM [26] and [27]. He actually considered several sorts of twistings of this Dirac operator; all of them give rise to modular forms for level 2 congruence subgroups. Similar results were obtained by Alvarez, Killingback, Mangano, and Windey [l] and by Schellekens and Warner [23]. In this article we consider, in a purely formal way, the index of the Dirac operator on LM, with coefficients in the vector bundle Reassociated to a “positive energy” representation of the universal central extension e Spin(d) of the loop group LSpin(d). We do not claim to understand anything about this operator, except that its index may be formally written down. The main result (Theorem 2.2) is that this index is a modular form of weight k for a congruence subgroup of SL(2, Z), which depends on the level of the representation of zSpin(d). The proof uses the results of V. KaE and D. Peterson [ll] and [12] on the characters of such representations, in particular the fact they are Jacobi modular forms in several variables. We present a conjecture relating the representations of tSpin(d) with elliptic cohomology, the theory of Landweber, Ravenel, and Stong [17], [19]. More precisely, we extend elliptic cohomology to higher levels (i.e. for each integer N, we construct a homology theory Ellz such that Ellt(pt) is the ring of modular forms for the principal congruence subgroup F(N), whose Fourier expansions at every cusp have coefficients in Z [ e2ni’N]). The point of this construction is that Ellz(pt) is a faithfully flat module over Ell,(pt); so we do not claim that Ellt(pt) is a really new homology theory, from the topological veiwpoint. From the differential-geometric viewpoint, we show that the vector bundle E, mentioned above, is equivariant under the Virasoro algebra, which acts on LM through its quotient vecr(S’). We think it might be useful to view the index of the Dirac operator on LM as a virtual representation of the Virasoro algebra, rather than merely the group of rotations of S’.
Repeated bargaining and the role of impatience and incomplete contracting

Abstract This paper develops a model of firm/union bargaining in which bargaining is repeated. If contracts specify the values of all variables of interest, a player's share of the surplus will decrease as that player becomes more impatient, but impatience has a much weaker effect than in static games. When the contracts do not specify the values of all relevant variables, this result can be reversed and the firm's bargaining power could become greater as it becomes more impatient .
The Disconnect between Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Dietary Practices by Obesity Status

Cancer risk has been linked to obesity, thus it is important to understand differences in adherence to evidence-based cancer prevention recommendations to ameliorate elevated risk. We examined data from 26,980 adults (>19 years) from 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess how closely Americans achieved American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) guidelines for cancer prevention by obesity status. Participants provided 24-hr dietary recall data during mobile examination center (MEC) visits. Dietary intakes were recoded to assess the specific AICR cancer prevention guidelines. Analyses of guideline compliance was conducted for the total sample as well as stratified by body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (waist circumference >88 cm female; >102 cm male). Despite consuming significantly lower energy (P=0.017), obese adults consumed significantly more energy-dense diets (P 19 years (n=26,980) • NHANES oversampled African American, Mexican American, low-income and the elderly • In-home interviews conducted to consent individuals • Mobile examination center visits were used to collect biometric measures • Data were analyzed to represent a nationally-representative sample • Dietary intakes were assessed using a multiple pass 24-hr recall process • Nutrient intakes estimated by USDA using FNDDS 5.0 • Food groups intakes and discretionary calories computed from MPED v2.0, a CNPP addendum and a manual computation of remaining missing foods from 2007-2010 • Obesity status was determined using BMI data from measured height and weight
Making Connections between Metallofullerenes and Fullerenes: Electrochemical Investigations

Abstract The square-wave voltammetry for a series of related fullerenes and metallofullerenes measured in pyridine solutions containing 0.10 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate is reported. Several dimetallic metallofullerenes, M2@Cx (where M=Sc or Er, and x=82 or 84), are found to have similar voltammetric responses regardless of metal identity or carbon number. Assignment of formal charges to the fullerene cage suggests that these metallofullerenes are isoelectronic and have related molecular orbital structures. The voltammetry of the empty C82 and D2d-C84 cages are also alike, but are different from the square-wave voltammetry of the C60, C70, and D2-C84. The similarity of the voltammetry for C82 and D2d-C84, and for the C82 and C84 metallofullerenes is consistent with a related electronic structure for these species. There, however, is no clear correspondence between the voltammetry of the metallofullerenes and their corresponding empty cage fullerene.
Insecticide-treated Film Wrap to Protect Small Packages from Infestation

Polymer films treated with permethrin or with chlorpyrifos-methyl were heat-shrunk around bundles of small bags containing cornmeal. The wraps treated with chlorpyrifos-methyl were either completely sealed or had open ends, while permethrin-treated wraps were completely sealed. During 12 months of exposure to large, mixed populations of stored-product insects, sealed wraps containing 203 mg/m2 of permethrin or 1,318 mg/m2 of chlorpyrifos-methyl significantly reduced the incidence of infestation. Sealed wraps containing 12 mg/m2 of permethrin or 377 mg/m2 of chlorpyrifos-methyl failed to provide adequate protection from infestation, as did sealed, untreated film wraps. Most of the bags in open-end bundles made of chlorpyrifosmethyl-treated film were infested at each periodic examination. The higher permethrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl treatments nearly prevented penetration of the film wraps by boring insects. The cornmeal in these wraps contained residues of between 0.29 and 1.25 ppm of permethrin or between 13.64 and 24.20 ppm of chlorpyrifos-methyl during 12 months of storage.
The celluloid ceiling: women academics, social expectations, and narrative in 1940s American film

This paper examines the portrayal of women university academics in American films from the 1940s. It applies analytical tools from a critical methodology to access the socio‐cultural ideas and values attributed to the female professoriate during what is a period of great change for women in American society. This analysis reveals that the values associated with the professors are aligned with the themes of chastity, sanctuary, and sacrifice in ways which portray them as other in the profession and society. Not only does this analysis illustrate the consequences and conditions of being a woman professor during the 1940s, but it also highlights the implications of these values for today’s female professoriate.
Observations on cerebral and cerebellar microgyria.

The occurrence of cerebral and cerebellar microgyria in a case of intrauterine infection possibly due to Toxoplasma gondii is reported. A few aspects of two additional micropolygyric brains are briefly reviewed. The deep neuronal lamina in the 4-layered type of cerebral micropolygyria seems to be the equivalent of the normal isocortical infragranular stratum rather than an ectopic subcortical structure. The micropolygyric second layer seems to represent the supragranular and sometimes also the granular laminae. It is suggested that cerebellar microgyria is probably the result of a pathological process involving the external granular layer. Extensive subpial and extrapial gliosis as well as ectopic neurons and myelinated fibers in the meninges were a prominent feature in all three brains. In the main case peculiar multinucleated cells, probably neurons, were found in some areas of the cerebral cortex.
A Parasitic Association Between a Pycnogonid and a Scyphomedusa in Midwater

The feeding habits and host specificities of the Pycnogonida are poorly known. These usually small, cryptically coloured animals are difficult to observe alive and are mostly collected fortuitously in gross samples taken from trawls and dredges. Any association between the pycnogonids and their food is disrupted in the trawl. Further, the possibility that some of the pycnogonids may have been captured in the water column rather than on the bottom cannot be ascertained from trawl and dredge samples. King (1973) lists only twelve records of pycnogonids actually seen browsing on food organisms. Most occur on hydroids and other cnidarians, and all are from benthic habitats. In more recent papers, Stock reports a pycnogonid seen on a brittle star in the Seychelles (1979), feeding preferences of pycnogonids on benthic cnidarians (1978), and an association between a pycnogonid and a starfish from the Philippines (1981).
A recursion of the Pólya polynomial for the symmetric group

A recursion for the Polya polynomial of the symmetric group is proved. This recursion will be used to compute the Polya polynomial of the Young group. In turn, a theorem by George Polya, generalized by deBruijn, will be used to compute the double cosets of Young groups embedded in an overall symmetric group. Connections to mathematical physics and combinatorics will be noted but not proved.
Reports of satanic ritual abuse: further implications about pseudomemories.

This preliminary clinical study of patients who reporr memories of childhood satanic ritual abuse provides further data to support experimental studies by Persinger and others that pseudomemories may be created by therapists in highly suggestible patients.
Assessment of RAMONA-3B methodology with oscillatory flow tests

Abstract The instability event at the LaSalle County Plant (GE BWR-5) imposed a new challenge on the computer codes available for reactor transient analysis. While the codes were originally designed to predict non-oscillatory transients, the new requirement on the code is to model limit cycle oscillations with large amplitudes, where feed-back effects from the core and the balance of plant, and the nonlinear effects are significant. Two of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (USNRC) computer codes, namely RAMONA-3B/MODO [1] and HIPA-BWR of Engineering Plant Analyzer [2] were expected, and are shown in part in this paper, to meet the above demands. The RAMONA-3B/MOD1 has now been upgraded from the RAMONA-3B/MODO. It has a three dimensional neutron kinetics model, coupled to multi-channel nonequilibrium drift-flux formulation, and an explicit integration scheme for the thermal hydraulics. The accuracy of the thermohydraulics in the RAMONA-3B code was assessed for the new application by modelling oscillatory transients in the FR1GG test facilty. Nodalization studies showed that twenty-four axial nodes are sufficient for a converged solution; calculations with twelve axial nodes produce, in comparison to the 24-node calculation, the deviation of 4.4% in the peak gain of the power to flow transfer function. The code predicted correctly the effects of power and inlet subcooling on the transfer function gain and the system resonance frequency. For the six available tests modeled, the code-predicted peak gain differs from the experimentally obtained gain on the average by +7%, with the standard deviation of ±30%. The uncertainty in the experimental data lies between −11% and +12%. The difference between predicted and measured frequency at the peak gain on the average is −6%, with the standard deviation of ±14%.
Use of Protective Eyewear in U.S. Adults: Results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey

Purpose: Many eye injuries occur because of not using protective eyewear. This study analyzed the 2002 National Health Interview Survey data to examine the rate of using protective eyewear during a...
Own-Race Bias in Lineup Construction

The lineup identification of a suspect is often a critical stage in a criminal investigation. One factor which may affect the fairness of a lineup is bias on the part of the person constructing the lineup. the “own-race bias,” the tendency of individuals to perceive more similarity in the appearance of other-race members than in their own, may affect lineup development. Black subjects and white subjects were asked to construct lineups using both black and white “suspects.” On three of four measures, their behavior was very similar while making white lineups but different on black lineups. Relative to their performance on white lineups, white subjects became less selective on black lineups but black subjects became even more selective on black lineups. Both groups displayed own-race bias by being more selective about own-race photos than other-race photos. This lessening of selectivity may make lineups constructed by cross-race lineup constructors less fair than lineups constructed by own-race lineup constructors.
Provisional IRA Attacks on the UDR in Fermanagh and South Tyrone: Implications for the Study of Political Violence and Terrorism

This article continues a discussion begun in the 1990s on the degree to which Provisional Irish Republican Army activities were sectarian. Henry Patterson's recent contribution raises issues that concern not only interpretations of the Irish conflict but also have implications for the more general study of the causes and consequences of political violence and terrorism. After addressing some of these issues, Patterson's contribution is placed more firmly into the framework of the previous discussion. Then follows a careful examination of Irish Republican Army attacks on the locally recruited security forces in Fermanagh and South Tyrone, from the 1950s to today.
Transit-time measurements of charge carriers in disordered silicons: Amorphous, microcrystalline and porous

We summarize published hole transit-time measurements for hydrogenated amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, and light-emitting nanoporous silicon in terms of drift mobilities and dispersion parameters. For amorphous and microcrystalline silicon, the anomalously dispersive measurements are broadly consistent with multiple-trapping by bandtail traps with an exponential distribution of energy depths. One unexplained result has been that the trap emission prefactor frequency ν is about 1000 times smaller in microcrystalline silicon than in amorphous silicon. We present a model incorporating both detailed-balance effects and a previously proposed Meyer–Neldel variation of ν with trap-depth; the model accounts for the factor 1000. We discuss general trap distributions incorporating variations of both trap depth and prefactor frequency; a model for which dispersion is due entirely to prefactor variation accounts for measurements on nanoporous silicon.
Analysis of the thermoelastic model of a plate with non‐linear shape memory alloy reinforcements

In this paper we study the questions of the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for a thermoelastic system of equations in a two-dimensional domain, where both the viscosity v and the rigidity D are positive. It seems that such a system has up to now been considered in a one-dimensional setting only. The change of dimensions enforces the growth conditions with respect to θ and the additional regularity of the data. The existence of solutions in the case of the Neumann boundary conditions for θ and some weak regularity of data is proved. Under stronger regularity conditions the uniqueness is also established. The system has an interpretation as a plate reinforced by a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire mesh.
Chronic exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids primes microglia to pro-inflammatory stimuli and induces NLRP3 mRNA in the hippocampus

Chronic stress as well as chronic treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) primes the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent pro-inflammatory challenge. However, it remains unclear whether chronic GCs sensitize the response of key CNS immune substrates (i.e. microglia) to pro-inflammatory stimuli. In the present set of studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or were adrenalectomized and then treated with varying concentrations of corticosterone (CORT; 0, 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml) administered in their drinking water. After 10 days of CORT exposure, whole hippocampus was collected and expression of glial activation markers measured or hippocampal microglia were isolated and challenged with LPS to probe for CORT-induced sensitization of pro-inflammatory responses. Chronic CORT exposure increased the gene expression of NLRP3, Iba-1, MHCII, and NF-κBIα in a concentration dependent manner. Chronic CORT (75 μg/ml) exposure potentiated the microglial proinflammatory response (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and NLRP3) to LPS compared to the microglial response of sham surgery animals treated with vehicle. The present set of results demonstrate that chronic exposure to GCs primes microglia to pro-inflammatory stimuli and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that a permissive function of GCs is that of an endogenous danger signal or alarmin.
Information Literacy in Subject-Specific Vocabularies: A Path to Critical Thinking

ABSTRACT This article discusses the benefit of library instruction to increase critical thinking skills among business students in the form of a vocabulary skill-building workshop. This learning opportunity represents collaboration between business librarian and classroom faculty to improve students' ability to articulate a research problem and identify information needs in order to proficiently analyze business information and make sound business decisions. Business schools increasingly rely upon standards set forth by the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) to formulate curricula and embed learning outcomes to prepare students to meet workplace expectations. These standards were utilized during workshop planning stages to implement critical thinking learning outcomes into the educational experience. Workshop curricula also relied heavily on the Guidelines for Information Competency set forth by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) to emphasize sp...
The forward‐reverse shock pair at large heliocentric distances

An unsteady one-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is developed in order to study the essential physical processes involved in the development of the forward-reverse shock pair in the heliosphere. In the model, MHD shocks are treated as boundary surfaces which divide the domain of interest in the r-t plane into several flow regions. The positions of the shock boundary surfaces between two neighboring flow regions are determined by shock speed. On the basis of integrations of the model, it is found that the strong MHD disturbances generated in a corotating interaction region (CIR) propagate at a fast speed relative to the moving material, and that the wave propagation speed is greater in CIR than in its surroundings. This causes disturbances in CIR to pile up and form a shock pair. The newly formed shock pair will in turn propagate outward from the leading edge to interact with ambient rarefaction regions. This interaction accounts for the double sawtooth configuration observed in velocity profiles of shock pairs. It is also demonstrated that the merging of two shocks produces a stronger shock and constant surface on its backside. Computer generated velocity profiles based on the model are presented.
A model and solution method for multi-period sales promotion design

Abstract This research addresses the optimal design of a series of promotions (which might offer free gifts, discounts, or special services) periodically mailed to potential customers. A model and methodology are presented which maximize the multiple purchases of these customers over time using opinions from both promotion designers and customers. A Genetic Algorithm-based heuristic is developed to efficiently arrive at good promotion designs, and the methodology is applied to a problem using real data.
HORMONAL EFFECTS ON PHOSPHORYLASE ACTIVITY AND GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN THE RAT DUCTUS DEFERENS.

Phosphorylase a and t and the activity ratios in the rat ductus (d.) deferens decreased within 7 days following castration. By 25 days, there was a further decrease in the enzyme activities but not in the ratios. Testosterone treatment of castrated rats reversed these changes in phosphorylase activity. Glycogen levels of the d. deferens were the same in normal and castrated rats. Estradiol injections had no effect on the enzyme activity or the glycogen levels. Epinephrine injected ip into intact males decreased glycogen concentration, phosphorylase a and the activity ratios within 30 min, but not phosphorylase t. Stimulation of d. deferentia in vitro with epinephrine or oxytocin increased phosphorylase α and the activity ratios within 1.5 to 2.0 min, but only in those from castrated males. Omitting glucose from the Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate medium increased the base level of phosphorylase a activity in the castrated rat ducts. No spontaneous isotonic contractions were observed, but transient rapid contract...
Statics and adiabatic dynamics of non-linear excitations in defected polyacetylene

Abstract Within the Su, Schrieffer and Heeger model we have calculated, both analytically and numerically, the effects of model impurities on the electronic structure and lattice distortion of trans -polyacetylene. We find that the electron-phonon coupling may result in a fundamental alteration of the impurity level location for sufficiently strong impurities. In simulated photoexcitation experiments on the defected system, we find that, in addition to the kinks and breathers produced in the undefected system, ‘trapped kinks’, excitons and polarons may also be produced (for impurities of sufficient strength). We suggest that the polarons produced in this novel way may be unusually stable and play a role in hopping conduction mechanisms.
Magnetic subband structure of electrons in hexagonal lattices

The energy spectrum of an electron in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and a potential of hexagonal symmetry is analyzed. Two alternative approaches are used, one that takes as a basis set free-electron Landau functions, and a second one that treats an effective single-band Hamiltonian with the Peierls substitution. Both methods lead to consistent results. The energy spectrum is found to have recursive properties similar to those discussed by Hofstadter for the case of a square lattice. The density of states over each subband of the spectrum has the same structure as that for the original field-free band. The plot of integrated density of states versus field is also discussed.
Nuclear diffuseness as a degree of freedom. II. An improved approach

We use our standard self-consistent Thomas-Fermi model of nuclei to calculate the neutron and proton densities, from which we deduce the associated potential wells. We do this for the equilibrium densities as well as for the nonequilibrium densities with larger or smaller diffusenesses. This makes it possible to correlate the changes in the potential-well diffusenesses with the energy cost in going away from the optimum values. These and other properties of the Thomas-Fermi potential wells are tabulated for nuclei with mass numbers A = 20 to A = 340 along the valley of stability, as well as for neutron-rich or neutron-deficient isotopes. The results are represented by polynominal fits that may be used in macroscopic-microscopic studies of the surface diffuseness degrees of freedom.
Redox reactions at liquid hydrocarbon/water interfaces : biophysical aspects

The liquid hydrocarbon/water interface with immobilized amphiphilic catalysts can serve as the simplest model of biological membrane convenient for the investigation of redox reaction accompanied by spatial separation of charges. In this review, we have described the vectorial redox reactions at oil/water interfaces. The structure of liquid interfaces, donor-acceptor interactions in the electrical double layer, specific bounding between molecules plays the dominant role in interfacial catalysis. Theoretical aspects of charge transfer reactions at oil/water interfaces are discussed. The activation energy of electron transfer depends on the charges of the reactants and dielectric permittivity of the non-aqueous phase. Experimental interfacial catalytic systems are described. Amphiphilic molecules were studied as catalysts of electron transfer reactions at the oil/water interface. A concerted 2:1:1-electron mechanism for cytochrome oxidase functioning is evaluated by thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. The conditions are formulated for the occurrence of multielectron oxygen reduction. Kharkats and Volkov first presented proofs that cytochrome c oxidase reduces molecular oxygen by synchronous multielectron mechanism without O 2 - intermediate formation [Yu.I. Kharkats. A.G. Volkov, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 891 (1987) 56]. As the field progresses after this pioneering observation, it became clear that the first step of dioxygen reduction is two-electron concerted process. As follows from thermodynamics energy for the H + -pump functioning is liberated only at the last two steps of water formation on addition of third and fourth electrons independently of the reaction pathway.
Model Order Reduction for Design of Torsional Disk Couplings

Torsional couplings are used to transmit power between various rotating components of power systems while allowing for relatively small misalignments that may otherwise lead to equipment failure. When selecting a proper coupling type and size, one has to consider three important conditions: (1) maximum load applied to the coupling, (2) maximum operation speed and (3) amount of misalignment allowable for normal operation.There are many types of flexible couplings that use various materials for the flexible element of the coupling on the market today. Design of the coupling and the materials used for the flexible elements determine the coupling’s operating characteristics. In this project, we study metal disk couplings. Benefits of this type of coupling include: ease of replacement or repair, clear visual feedback of element failure, and the absence of a need for lubrication. The torsional stiffness of a coupling is a major factor relative to the amount of misalignment allowable. Currently, flexible couplings are tested by manufacturers to experimentally determine the torsional stiffness; a process which requires expensive equipment and more importantly employee time to set-up and run. The torsional coupling lumped characteristics, such as torsional- and flexural stiffness, as well as natural frequencies are important for design of the entire power system and have to be as precise as possible. In this work, we have developed an accurate modeling framework for determining these parameters based on a full 3-D finite element model and model-order reduction procedure. Developed methodology was validated by available experimental data from one of the leading manufacturers of torsional couplings.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Ganglioside changes in the regenerating goldfish optic system: Comparison with glycoproteins and phospholipids

Axonally transported radioactivity in sialoglycoconjugates, labeled by intraocular injection of [3H]N-acetylmannosamine, increased significantly during regeneration of goldfish optic axons at 30 degrees C. Ganglioside radioactivity showed the largest increase--approximately eightfold--in the optic nerve tract at 8 days after optic nerve crush while sialoglycoprotein radioactivity increased fourfold under the same conditions. As regeneration proceeded the magnitude of the increase in the nerve tract diminished for both glycoconjugates. In the optic tectum, however, transported radioactivities remained approximately twofold higher than controls between 15 and 25 days postcrush. The zwitterionic fraction of glycerophospholipids, labeled by intraocular injection of [14C]glycerol, also showed large increases during regeneration, but the acidic glycerophospholipids showed only modest increases. Thus while membrane components in general were elevated during the early stages of regeneration, the most pronounced increases occurred in gangliosides and certain glycerophospholipids. The significance of these changes in the regeneration process remain to be determined.
Microwave plasma oxidation of silicon

The stringent requirements of the next generation of VLSI will force the temperature of IC processing to a lower regime. One of the most important areas is the formation of gate and field dielectrics. Dopant re-distribution, stacking fault and dislocation generation as well as bird's-beak problems can be eliminated or minimized by low temperature oxygen microwave plasma anodization. This paper describes our investigation in the low pressure, low temperature oxidation of silicon using this technique. Oxidation rate dependence on anodization current, time, orientation, plasma power and temperature are measured. Properties of the plasma oxide was characteristized by thickness uniformity, refractive index, infrared absorption and C-V measurement. Discussion on the species responsible for the oxidation, the transport mechanisms and the factors that could affect the kinetics of the growth are presented. We conclude that the technique looks promising for the future.
Tight frames of multidimensional wavelets

In this paper we deal with multidimensional wavelets arising from a multiresolution analysis with an arbitrary dilation matrix A, namely we have scaling equations $$\varphi ^s (x) = \sum\limits_{k \in \mathbb{Z}^n } {h_k^s \sqrt {|\det A|} \varphi ^1 } (Ax - k) for s = 1, \ldots ,q,$$ where ϕ1 is a scaling function for this multiresolution and ϕ2, …, ϕq (q=|det A |) are wavelets. Orthogonality conditions for ϕ1, …, ϕq naturally impose constraints on the scaling coefficients $$\{ h_k^s \} _{k \in \mathbb{Z}^n }^{s = 1, \ldots ,q} $$ , which are then called the wavelet matrix. We show how to reconstruct functions satisfying the scaling equations above and show that ϕ2, …, ϕq always constitute a tight frame with constant 1. Furthermore, we generalize the sufficient and necessary conditions of orthogonality given by Lawton and Cohen to the case of several dimensions and arbitrary dilation matrix A.
Superconducting Coil Manufacturing Method for Low Current DC Beam Line Magnets

A method of manufacturing superconducting multipole coils for 40 to 50 kG DC beam line magnets with low current is described. We built small coils and tested them successfully to short sample characteristics. The coils did not train after the first cooldown. The coils are porous and well cooled to cope with mechanical instability and energy deposited in the coil from the beam particles. The coils are wound with insulated strand cable. The cable is shaped rectangularly for winding simplicity and good tolerances. After the coil is wound, the insulated strands are electrically connected in series. This reduces the operating current and, most important, improves the coil quench propagation due to heat conduction of one strand adjacent to the other. A well distributed quench allows the magnet energy to distribute more uniformly to the copper in the superconductor wire, giving self-protected coils. We are now fabricating a one-meter long, 43 kG. 6-inch bore tube superconducting dipole. The porous coil design and coil winding methods are discussed.
Birds of a Feather or Strange Birds? Ties Among Personality Dimensions, Similarity, and Marital Quality.

The authors examined the relationship between 6 personality dimensions (Big Five personality factors and positive expressivity) and marital satisfaction in 132 distressed, treatment-seeking couples and 48 nondistressed couples. This study's focus on personality similarity in distressed couples, a population of interest to researchers and clinicians, is unique. Results suggest that higher neuroticism, lower agreeableness, lower conscientiousness, and less positive expressivity are tied to marital dissatisfaction. However, low overall levels of partner similarity were found on these variables. Furthermore, partner similarity on these variables did not independently predict relationship satisfaction. This suggests that nonpathological variations in these personality dimensions do not contribute to satisfaction, and that similarity between partners' personalities may not be closely tied to marital happiness.
Optimization of the large aperture multi-pass amplifiers for CPA and OPCPA lasers by Extraction During Pumping (EDP)

We demonstrate the optimal conditions whereby amplification using the Extraction During Pumping (EDP) technique can deliver up to four times more energy than a conventional amplifier. This allows kJ level energy extraction with existing technology. OCIS codes: (140.7090) Ultrafast lasers; (140.3280) Laser amplifiers. Recently several ultrahigh intensity Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) and , Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) laser systems have reached petawatt output powers [1,2] setting the next milestone at tens or even hundreds petawatts for the next five to ten years [3,4].
Sex differences in the generalization of attraction

The effects of intergroup evaluations on intragroup attraction were assessed in a situation involving two-person teams that were all of the same sex. Male (N=123) and female (N=118) group members separately reported their political views to another dyad and then received either unfavorable, favorable, or no feedback regarding their team as a whole on the basis of this information. The results indicated that females evidenced more anger in response to the out-group's unfavorable feedback than did males. These anger responses were related to attraction to ward a teammate for males but not for females. Moreover, males evidenced less attraction toward an in-group member after receiving unfavorable rather than favorable intergroup evaluations, whereas females did not. On the other hand, only for females was attraction to ward a teammate related to the perceived similarity of that individual within experimental conditions. Apparently, the greater cognitive orientation of females as compared to males to ward another ingroup member resulted in their being less susceptable to the influence of situationally induced affect.