cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast SVD With Random Hadamard Projection for Hyperspectral Dimensionality Reduction

While data-dependent dimensionality reduction has dominated in many applications of hyperspectral imagery, there is increasing interest in data-independent strategies—such as random projections—due to their promise for reduced computational complexity as well as their demonstrated ability to preserve application-important information. Such random-projection-based dimensionality reduction is investigated in the specific context of supervised hyperspectral classification. Both Hadamard- and Gaussian-based random projections are considered, applied alone as well as incorporated into a fast approximate singular value decomposition (SVD). Experimental results reveal that the proposed Hadamard-based random projection with the fast SVD (FSVD) offers a computationally attractive alternative to not only traditional SVD but also Gaussian-based FSVD for dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral classification.
FraudSim: Simulating Fraud in a Public Delivery Program

This chapter shows that white collar crime can be approached using an agent-based model. Fraud in public delivery programs often involves several entities that are loosely interrelated and interact dynamically. However, the crime literature has not paid sufficient attention to these characteristics, thus providing limited utility for public managers. This chapter frames a public delivery program as a complex system. The patterns of fraud in such a system are simulated using an agent-based model called FraudSim. We demonstrate that FraudSim closely replicates the statistical and spatial patterns of fraud and provides a framework for future work in this area.
Influence of Endophyte and Water Regime Upon Tall Fescue Accessions. II. Pyrrolizidine and Ergopeptine Alkaloids

Alkaloids. along with specific environmental conditions. have been associated with both detrimental and beneficial aspects of endophyte (Acremonium coenophia/um Morgan..Jones et Gams) infected taU fescue (Fesluea arundinucea Schreb.) associations. Benefits to the plant accrue through reduced herbivory, whereas detriment to the animal occurs as altered grazing behaviour and reduced productivity. A controlled environment study was conducted to examine pyrrolizidine and ergopeptine alkaloid concentration of four tall fescue: accession,:i as influenced by endophyte status and water regime. Endophyte.. free plants were devoid of ergopeptine alkaloid and contained little. if any, pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Leaf blade tissue of endophyte"infected isolines contained a range of both ergopeptine (256 to 1633 ng g"l) and pyrrolizidine (92 to 450 JIg g~ 1) alkaloid concentrations. Water deficit generally increased alkaloid -eoncentidtion. Alkaloid yield. based upon cqncentration and tissue d. wt. showed that significant increase in ergopeptine and pyrrolizidine alkaloid in leaf tissue was associated with water deficit and was due to actual increased synthesis and nOI simply decreased phytomass. Leaf and pseudostcm (leaf sheath and stem base) tissue alkaloid concentrations indicated different accumulation patterns for ergopeptine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ergopeptine alkaloid yield increased in water"stressed pseudoslem. whereas pyrrolizidine alkaloid yield decreased in some. but not all accessions. The range of host genotype/ endophyte biotype response offers the possibility to select associations which produce few deleterious effects in <lnimals yet maintain high forage productivity and persistence.
DC Railway System Emulator for Stray Current and Touch Voltage Prediction

A system to emulate railway dc systems is presented in this paper. The emulator is designed to simulate the behavior of railway systems in terms of stray currents and touch voltages. Power electronics circuits are used as variable resistors to simulate the train motion. The emulator provides a test bed to not only study and analyze the effects of stray currents and touch voltages, but also to evaluate techniques that mitigate these effects before they are physically implemented. The proposed emulator system is verified through simulation studies and hardware experimentations.
Calculation of Force and Torque

Since the purpose of a motor is to produce force or torque it is natural to compute these quantities from the finite element results. There are also a number of other cases, such as end winding forces during short circuits (see Chapter 11), in which we seek the forces and force distributions. In theory, the forces can be computed directly from the local field solution in a number of ways. This chapter explains some of the most popular methods. We begin this chapter with a disclaimer. The author has not found any of these force and torque calculation methods completely reliable. As will be illustrated, the force converges much more slowly than the field solution. Good field solutions can lead to erroneous force and torque computation and the methods described below will give different results using the same solution. Further, an attempt to find which of the force methods was “most accurate” was inconclusive. More than any other post-processing quantity, force (and torque) require careful scrutiny.
Measles Vaccine and Encephalopathy

The relationship between acute encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death associated with further attenuated measles vaccine was evaluated in 48 children, ages 10 to 49 months, reported to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, Rockville, MD.
Amyloid Cascade into Clarity.

In a recent issue of Nature, Sevigny et al. (2016) report findings from a phase 1b clinical trial of aducanumab (a monoclonal antibody targeting misfolded amyloid-β peptides), revitalizing the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" and bringing mononuclear phagocytes center stage in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
“True Portraitures of the Indians, and of Their Own Peculiar Conceits of Dress”: Discourses of Dress and Identity in the Great Lakes, 1830–1850

During the 1830s and 1840s frontier artist George Winter painted the Potawatomi and Miami Indians of the Wabash Valley. Winter’s paintings existed at the intersection of competing colonial discourses. Like many “Indian painters” of his time, Winter believed he was capturing the final images of a vanishing race. At the same time, Winter’s work runs counters to the imagery of “nakedness” and “savagery” that characterize many Anglo-American paintings of Native Americans during this period. By holding these visual sources in “productive tension” (Stahl 2001:15–16) with documentary and archaeological sources, the role dress played in the construction of identity by members of Great Lakes fur trade society during the 19th century can be unraveled.
Suitability of N-propanoic acid spiropyrans and spirooxazines for use as sensitizing dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells

This work deals with the fabrication and evaluation of color-changing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that include N-propanoic acid-functionalized spiropyrans and spirooxazines as sensitizing dyes. We investigated the photophysical properties of these compounds in various solvents and pH conditions using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their behavior on TiO2 photoanode surfaces using a combination of UV-Vis and FT-IR. Their performance as sensitizing dyes for DSSCs was also analyzed. This study revealed a number of unique properties for this class of compounds that affect their performance as both photochromic compounds and DSSC sensitizers, which allow for future creation of efficient photochromic DSSCs.
Phase II trial of triple-receptor tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor nintedanib (BIBF 1120) in recurrent high-grade gliomas.

TPS2104 Background: Bevacizumab is the standard of care for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG). However, with current treatment options the median duration of response is only approxim...
Nutritional and Micronutrient Care of Bariatric Surgery Patients: Current Evidence Update

The continued success of bariatric surgery to treat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic conditions creates a need for a strong understanding of clinical nutrition both before and after these procedures. Surgically induced alteration of gastrointestinal physiology can affect the nutrition of individuals, especially among those who have undergone malabsorptive procedures. While uncommon, a subset of patients may develop protein-calorie malnutrition. In these cases, nutrition support should be tailored to the severity of malnutrition. Among all patients who undergo bariatric surgery, high rates of micronutrient deficiencies have been observed. To mitigate these deficiencies, empiric supplementation with multivitamins, calcium citrate, and vitamin D is generally recommended. Periodic surveillance should be performed for commonly deficient micronutrients, including thiamin (B1), folate (B9), cobalamin (B12), iron, and vitamin D. Following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, serum levels of copper and zinc should also be monitored. In addition, lipid-soluble vitamins should be monitored following biliopancreatic diversion with/without duodenal switch.
Modeling Effects of Annealing on Coal Char Reactivity to O2 and CO2, Based on Preparation Conditions

Oxy-fired coal combustion is a promising potential carbon capture technology. Predictive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are valuable tools in evaluating and deploying oxyfuel and other carbon capture technologies, either as retrofit technologies or for new construction. However, accurate predictive combustor simulations require physically realistic submodels with low computational requirements. A recent sensitivity analysis of a detailed char conversion model (Char Conversion Kinetics (CCK)) found thermal annealing to be an extremely sensitive submodel. In the present work, further analysis of the previous annealing model revealed significant disagreement with numerous datasets from experiments performed after that annealing model was developed. The annealing model was accordingly extended to reflect experimentally observed reactivity loss, because of the thermal annealing of a variety of coals under diverse char preparation conditions. The model extension was informed by a Bayesian calibr...
Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders

Schizotypal, Paranoid, and Schizoid personality disorders are all marked by serious problems in interpersonal relationships. Because of this, such individuals have been hard to study. They avoid psychotherapy and participation in research. As a result, data on epidemiology, etiology, and treatment for these disorders are sparse. It is not even clear that these three disorders truly belong in the same personality disorder cluster. Future research focused on the causes of variation in the general population in the individual symptoms of these PDs might lead to greater understanding of their natures and causes.
Is a Diverting Stoma Always Necessary for a Low Anterior Resection in Rectal Cancer

Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision is the standard operation for rectal cancer. The coloanal or colorectal anastomosis represents the critical step of this surgical procedure, with a risk of leakage between 3% and 27%. The occurrence of anastomotic leakage significantly increases the rate of early postoperative morbidity and mortality and also seems to negatively influence the long-term functional and oncological outcomes. Even if several features were evaluated as risk factors for leakage, the incidence of this adverse event cannot be totally avoided by a diverting stoma. Nevertheless, the creation of a diverting stoma can significantly reduce the clinical consequences of anastomotic leakage, improving the postoperative outcome. On the other hand, the creation and subsequent management of a stoma is burdened by complications, such as poor stoma location, prolapse, stenosis, peristomal dermatitis, dehydration, and peristomal hernia. Loop ileostomy may be a simpler management strategy with a lower rate of complications than a loop colostomy. The diverting stoma is generally closed after approximately 1 month from the anterior resection, but some authors have counseled a longer waiting period to reduce the risk of a late anastomotic leak and postoperative morbidity secondary to stoma closure. To reduce the morbidity of a stoma and achieve the same benefits of a diverting stoma, a ghost ileostomy has been proposed, but its utility is still unclear.
THE NATURE OF LEGAL LANGUAGE

This chapter discusses the nature of legal language. This chapter focuses primarily on American legal language. It explores legal language as it differs from ordinary English, and discusses the way in which its written and spoken varieties differ from one another. A number of important studies of language and law are reviewed to facilitate an understanding of the basic issues that have attracted practical and scholarly attention, the conclusions that have been reached, and the questions that remain. It is perhaps reasonable to suggest that anthropologists should have devoted more attention to spoken than written language. This interest is largely because of the types of societies and legal systems they have traditionally studied.
Temporal coding with oscillatory sequences of firing

Stimulus-evoked oscillatory synchronization of neuronal activity has been observed in many systems1–5, yet the possible functions of such rhythmic synchronization in neural coding remain largely speculative6–8. In the locust, odors appear to be represented by dynamic ensembles of transiently synchronized neurons9–11. We now report that the components of these ensembles change in a stimulus-specific manner and with a high degree of reliability on a cycle-by-cycle basis during an odor response. Thus, information about an odor is contained in the precise temporal sequence in which these ensembles are updated during an odor response.
Bayesian Complex Network Community Detection Using Nonparametric Topic Model

Network community detection is an important area of research. In this work, we propose a novel nonparametric probabilistic model for this task. We conduct random walks on the network and apply the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process topic model on the random walk data to explore the community structure of the network. Our work is among the very few endeavors in nonparametric probabilistic modeling in complex networks. Our proposed model is highly flexible. The nonparametric nature allows it to automatically detect the number of communities without prior knowledge. Our model is also quite powerful. It demonstrates significant improvements compared to other models in several experiments.
Visual Practices for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Physical Activity

Research has shown that visual practices can be beneficial when working with children with autism spectrum disorder. Visual supports have been used for various objectives such as to improve social and communication skills, decrease time spent off task, and improve participation experiences in physical education. The purpose of this paper is to present two types of visual support systems 'picture-based systems and video modeling' aimed to guide and inform professionals as they work with children with ASD in physical activity and physical education settings. Practical examples and step-by-step instructions of interventions for physical activity environments are also provided.
CHAPTER VIII – ADVANCED APPROACHES-II

This chapter focuses on materials concerning the use of concentrated sunlight as the photonic input to solar cells. It also considers the electrical energy output for solar cells operating under concentrated sunlight, the thermal energy. Thus, a complete systems approach to producing energy from photovoltaic cells is developed. This chapter also considers various approaches to further improve the overall energy output (both electrical and thermal) from photovoltaic systems. Most of these systems involve modifying the spectral characteristics of the light that is used to illuminate the solar cells. The efficiency is improved as the large number of generated hole-electron pairs saturates the recombination mechanism resulting in an increased photocurrent, increased even beyond that dictated by an increase in photon input. The cost of the solar system comes down because a significant area of expensive solar cells is replaced by lenses (or mirrors). In second generation solar systems the incoming photons are concentrated, but their spectral distribution is of a solar type. In both second and third generation solar cell systems, the input is solar energy in the form of photons. Unlike first generation solar cell systems, there is enough thermal energy available in these concentrated light systems to permit consideration of the delivery of at least a part of this thermal energy to some end user. Thus, the overall system efficiency is a mixture of both electrical and thermal components. One method for improving the performance of solar cells is to insure that only a limited range, the optimum wavelengths, actually reach the solar cells. To accomplish this spectrum splitting dichroic mirrors are employed. Another improvement technique involves constructing a series of solar cells, one layered upon the other. This is known as a tandem cell and the top solar cell has the widest energy gap.
Stochastic Kolmogorov systems driven by wideband noises

Abstract In many problems arising in statistical physics, statistical mechanics, and many related fields, one needs to deal with such nonlinear stochastic differential equations as Ginzburg–Landau equations and Lotka–Volterra equations, etc. Such equations all belong to the class of stochastic Kolmogorov systems. Because of their importance and wide range of applications, these systems have received much attention in recent years. Devoted to stochastic Kolmogorov systems, in contrast to the usual setup of using a Brownian motion as a driving force, in this paper, the underlying system is assumed to be subject to wideband type of noise perturbations. The main thought is that Brownian motion is an idealization used in a wide range of applications, whereas the wideband noise processes is much easier to be realized in the actual applications. Although it is a good approximation to a diffusion process, the process under wideband noise becomes non-Markovian. Using weak convergence methods, we show that the limits are the desired Kolmogorov systems driven by Brownian motions.
A Multisite Health System Survey to Assess Organizational Context to Support Evidence-Based Practice.

Background Implementation and sustainability of a culture of evidence-based practice (EBP) require a systematic approach. A baseline assessment of the organizational context can inform implementation efforts. Aims To examine organizational hospital context and provider characteristics associated with EBP readiness and to describe EBP context across hospitals. Methods A nonexperimental descriptive correlational design was used to conduct a web-based survey of direct-care registered nurses (N = 701) and nurse managers (N = 94) across a large Midwestern multisite healthcare system using the Alberta Context Tool (ACT). Results Many significant relationships existed among nurse characteristics and ACT domains, including age (lower age had higher Leadership, Evaluation, and Formal Interactions), education (graduate education had lower Social Capital than a bachelor's or associate degree), role (direct-care nurses had lower Culture than managers and lower Social Capital), and work status (full-time employees had lower Evaluation and Social Capital). EBP context across type of hospitals is similar, with marginal differences in Social Capital and Organizational Slack (higher in critical access hospitals). Linking evidence to action Assessing organizational context to support EBP is the first step in developing and enhancing a sustainable culture of inquiry. The ACT has been tested across countries, settings, and healthcare disciplines to measure perception of readiness of the practice environment toward EBP. Optimal organizational context is essential to support EBP and sustain the use of evidence in professional nursing practice. Nursing leaders can use baseline assessment information to identify strengths and opportunities to enhance EBP implementation. Enhancing organizational context across nurse characteristics (e.g., age, role, and work status) to acknowledge nurses' contributions, balance nurses' personal and work life, enhance connectedness, and support work culture is beneficial. Fostering development of Social Capital in nurses is needed to influence EBP readiness. A systematic and standardized approach to foster EBP across health systems is key to successful implementation.
“I’ve Killed My Puppet!” A Relational Psychotherapeutic Approach to Inclusive Classroom Practices

This article begins with a story called “I’ve killed my puppet” based on an incident that unfolded in the author’s university class, which provides a concrete illustration of the potential of a relational psychotherapeutic approach to inclusion. At its core, a relational approach is about relationships. What this has meant practically in terms of inclusive practice is reframing “difference” as a relation. A relational view presupposes that “difference” does not singularly reside in the individual, but that “difference” is also shaped and given shape by the group. A distinct feature of a relational praxis that makes it especially inclusive is how relationality works purposefully to center individual and group practices of relating (or not) to one another. Another distinct feature of a relational approach is how it reframes teaching and learning as simultaneously a pedagogic and therapeutic project. Valente uses the “I’ve killed my puppet” story as an example to foreground relational strategies employed in his teaching practice in his class and in that particular episode. He uses the story and the discussion that follows to make the case for inclusive educators to consider adapting, or modifying into their own teaching practices, these particular relational strategies.
Climate Madhouse [Book Reviews]

The author, Michael Mann, is a distinguished climate scientist who directs the Earth’s Systems Science Center at Pennsylvania State University and who has been prominent in bringing to the American public knowledge of the risks inherent in global warming. The other contributor is Tom Toles, a Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist for the Washington Post, provides lively illustrations for this joint book venture. Mann and Toles crystallize for us climate change denialism, principally in the United States, over the last generation. The core of this denial results from the confluence of several trends deeply embedded in the American culture: anti-intellectualism which makes a significant portion of the American public contemptuous of any expert whose knowledge and education exceeds their own, the propaganda of businesses whose profits depends on consumption of carbon based fuels, and a small but visible minority of scientists who are in the pay of these companies.
Clinically resectable acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas: Is there a benefit to adjuvant systemic therapy?

Abstract Background Prior studies of adjuvant systemic therapy in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma have been underpowered. Methods We queried the National Cancer Data Base to identify patients presenting with resectable (clinical stage I and II) acinar cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2015. Multivariable Cox Regression was used to evaluate the association between overall survival and systemic therapy. Results 298 patients met inclusion criteria: 38 received no treatment; 60 received systemic therapy alone; 84 received surgical resection alone; 116 underwent resection followed by adjuvant systemic therapy. On univariate analysis, resection was associated with a survival benefit compared to no treatment and systemic therapy alone (3-year overall survival: 57% vs. 26%, p Conclusions Adjuvant therapy is associated with a significant survival benefit in patients with resectable acinar cell carcinoma.
Facilities that service economically advantaged neighborhoods perform surgical metastasectomy more often for patients with colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND Metastasectomy of isolated colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) requires significant clinical expertise and may not be readily available or offered. The authors hypothesized that hospitals that treat a greater percentage of patients from higher income catchment areas are more likely to perform metastasectomies regardless of patient or tumor characteristics. METHODS Using the National Cancer Data Base, the authors classified facilities into facility income quartiles (FIQs) based on the percentage of patients from the wealthiest neighborhoods (by zip code). Quartile 1 included facilities with <2.1% of the patients residing within the highest income zip codes, quartile 2 included facilities with 2.2% to 15.6% of patients residing within the highest income zip codes, quartile 3 included facilities with 15.7% to 40.2% of patients residing within the highest income zip codes, and quartile 4 included facilities with 40.3% to 90.5% of patients residing within the highest income ZIP codes. Patient, tumor, and facility characteristics were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression to identify associations between metastasectomy and FIQ. RESULTS Patients with CRLM were more likely to undergo metastasectomy at facilities in the highest FIQ compared with the lowest FIQ (18% vs 11% in FIQ4; P = .001). This trend was not observed in the resection of primary tumors for nonmetastatic CRLM (rates of 95% vs 93%; P = .94). After adjusting for individual insurance status, distance traveled, zip code-level individual income, tumor, and host, patients who were treated at the highest FIQ facilities were found to be more likely to undergo metastasectomy (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.72 [P = .03]). CONCLUSIONS Metastasectomy for CRLM is more likely to occur at facilities that serve a greater percentage of patients from high-income catchment areas, regardless of individual patient characteristics. This disparity uniquely affects those patients with advanced cancers for which specialized expertise for therapy is necessary.
Without Love or Wisdom: On Jean Améry’s Reluctant Philosophy

This essay underscores distinguishing and consistent features of Amery’s original work, as reflected in methodological passages from At the Mind’s Limits, On Aging, and On Suicide. The ensuing picture of Amery’s thought shows an intricate relation to the idea (or ideal) of philosophy as fabricated by its founders (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle). Philosophia means the Love of Wisdom, and philosophy was traditionally portrayed as the best and worthiest life. In his original work, as well as in his life, Amery presents a profoundly different image of the philosopher and of the contemplative life: the philosopher as not a particularly good thinker (or a particularly good person for that matter), and the contemplative life as not a good one at all. Instead of love, one finds in Amery a very nuanced conception of empathy and the effort to cultivate human relationships, precisely in those regions where affinity and fondness are lacking. Instead of wisdom, we find in him a devotion to honesty and the cultivation of thoughtfulness, especially in those “twilight” regions that seem most difficult and unrewarding to thought.
Signal-Induced Noise in Fiber Links

Common sources of noise in fiber-optic links include intrinsic intensity noise in the laser diode output arising from the discrete nature of electrons and photons (commonly known as “RIN”, Relative Intensity Noise, and noises associated with the optical receiver. The latter, being relatively straightforward for an analog transmission system, at least in principle, is briefly reviewed in Appendix B. This chapter is concerned with a quantitative evaluation of yet another source of noise in subcarrier fiber transmission systems, namely, “signal-induced noise,” (which only exists in the presence and in the spectral vicinity of a subcarrier signal). Specifically, one considers high-frequency analog, single-mode fiber-optic links using directly modulated multimode (Fabry–Perot) and single-frequency (DFB) lasers.
Dynamic Properties of Particle Injections Inside Geosynchronous Orbit: A Multisatellite Case Study

Four closely located satellites at and inside geosynchronous orbit (GEO) provided a great opportunity to study the dynamical evolution and spatial scale of premidnight energetic particle injections inside GEO during a moderate substorm on 23 December 2016. Just following the substorm onset, the four spacecraft, a LANL satellite at GEO, the two Van Allen Probes (also called "RBSP") at ~5.8 RE, and a THEMIS satellite at ~5.3 RE, observed substorm-related particle injections and local dipolarizations near the central meridian (~22 MLT) of a wedge-like current system. The large-scale evolution of the electron and ion (H, He, and O) injections was almost identical at the two RBSP spacecraft with ~0.5 RE apart. However, the initial short-timescale particle injections exhibited a striking difference between RBSP-A and -B: RBSP-B observed an energy dispersionless injection which occurred concurrently with a transient, strong dipolarization front (DF) with a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~25 nT over ~25 s; RBSP-A measured a dispersed/weaker injection with no corresponding DF. The spatiotemporally localized DF was accompanied by an impulsive, westward electric field (~20 mV m-1). The fast, impulsive E × B drift caused the radial transport of the electron and ion injection regions from GEO to ~5.8 RE. The penetrating DF fields significantly altered the rapid energy- and pitch angle-dependent flux changes of the electrons and the H and He ions inside GEO. Such flux distributions could reflect the transient DF-related particle acceleration and/or transport processes occurring inside GEO. In contrast, O ions were little affected by the DF fields.
Understanding the Trends of Autonomous Systems Over the Last Decade — A Work in Progress

Research communities are characterized by their vocabulary, which directly maps to the concepts utilized by the community at a point in time. The Autonomous Systems community is characterized by the published vocabulary of approximately the last decade. To understand the concepts utilized by the autonomous systems community, in this paper we analyze the abstracts of the published articles from ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems over the last decade. The data shows the increasing and decreasing presence of conceptual group “Topics” year by year. The results indicate the rising importance of big data, data mining, and feature extraction driven artificial intelligence.
The Past in the Present: What our Ancestors Taught us about Surviving Pandemics

Amidst the recent threat of COVID-19, home gardens have surged in popularity as seed companies and nurseries find it challenging to keep their supplies fully stocked. The victory garden movement that emerged during WWII has today re-emerged as COVID victory gardens. Yet, the global changes and cognitive shifts associated with COVID-19 have differential impacts. The narrative of COVID victory gardens depoliticizes urban agriculture. It is blind to its long history in marginalized, oppressed, and displaced communities where home gardens have always been part of a struggle for identity, autonomy, and self- and communal-determination. I argue the blindness embedded in the narrative of COVID victory gardens violates our "food-related obligations," which are our responsibilities to ourselves, our food, and each other. Silencing how communities of color have historically grown food in pursuit of dignity disregards how home gardens in communities of color are not merely a reactionary response to crisis but part of a historical legacy whereby people of color have grown food for generations to create and recreate sustainable ways of living that validate their cultures, knowledges, and ways of being.
Transient rhyolite melt extraction to produce a shallow granitic pluton

Rhyolitic melt that fuels explosive eruptions often originates in the upper crust via extraction from crystal-rich sources, implying an evolutionary link between volcanism and residual plutonism. However, the time scales over which these systems evolve are mainly understood through erupted deposits, limiting confirmation of this connection. Exhumed plutons that preserve a record of high-silica melt segregation provide a critical subvolcanic perspective on rhyolite generation, permitting comparison between time scales of long-term assembly and transient melt extraction events. Here, U-Pb zircon petrochronology and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology constrain silicic melt segregation and residual cumulate formation in a ~7 to 6 Ma, shallow (3 to 7 km depth) Andean pluton. Thermo-petrological simulations linked to a zircon saturation model map spatiotemporal melt flux distributions. Our findings suggest that ~50 km3 of rhyolitic melt was extracted in ~130 ka, transient pluton assembly that indicates the thermal viability of advanced magma differentiation in the upper crust.
American Jewish internationalism, Laura Margolis and the power of female diplomacy, 1941–1943

This article focuses on Laura Margolis’s work for the American Joint Distribution Committee, an American Jewish philanthropic organization, as an example of the way gender shaped American internati...
Miniature Cryogenic Refrigerator Turboalternators

High-speed turbines operating at cryogenic temperatures are uniquely suited for providing long life and reliable operation for cryogenic refrigeration systems. Large cryogenic plant turbines have been used for years. Only recently have miniature cryogenic turbines become available. It quickly became evident that miniature cryogenic turbine expanders require special design considerations.
Home and community-based care: recent accomplishments and new challenges.

This article traces the development of home and community- based care to its current place in the worlds of health and social policy. An argument is developed to the effect that such services have by now gained both heightened policy legitimacy and organizational capacity. Building on these contentions, the article goes on to suggest that such services should continue to gain a more prominent place within long-term care policy, and that long-term care issues deserve a more central place within social insurance policy more generally. The article concludes by suggesting that demonstrations of policy efficacy such as those that are taking place in home and community services might help to at least modestly offset the frontal assault which is currently taking place across the range of American social policy.
Ab initio modeling of optical properties of organic molecules and molecular complexes

Electronic excitations are key points of most of the commonly measured optical spectra. The first principle studies of excited states however require much larger effort than computations of the ground state reliably reproduced by the density functional theory (DFT). In present work computation of optical functions of organic molecular complexes is studied. The system of independent particles excited by external light field is considered within perturbation theory (the random phase approximation, RPA). Optical response functions are calculated using ab initio pseudopotentials theory. Results of predicted optical absorption associated with organic semi-conducting conjugated polymers, poly-phenylene-vinylenes (PPV), are presented. Effects of different corrections to the DFT improving accuracy are considered. Results are discussed in comparison with available experimental data.
The hinged lid of yeast triose-phosphate isomerase : determination of the energy barrier between the two conformations

Covalent modification of Glu165 in the catalytic center of triose-phosphate isomerase with the substrate analogue 3-chloroacetol phosphate traps the complex in two conformations. The two resulting 31P NMR resonances at 6.9 and 5.7 ppm appear to reflect conformations in which the hinged lid (residues 167-176) is in the open and closed positions. The conformation represented by the 5.7-ppm resonance is more stable, and unfolding and refolding in guanidine converts all of the molecules to the 5.7-ppm conformation. The complete conformational transition from 6.9 to 5.7 ppm also takes place as a function of time and temperature. Under these conditions the native enzyme retains more than 80% of the catalytic activity, indicating that this conversion is not due to thermal denaturation of the enzyme. Circular dichroic and fluorescence spectroscopy indicate that the 3-chloroacetol phosphate-modified enzyme does not undergo major structural changes. From the temperature dependence of this transition, an energy barrier of 144 kJ/mol (34.4 kcal/mol) was calculated for this conversion.
Introduction to formal language theory

From the Publisher: Formal language theory was fist developed in the mid 1950's in an attempt to develop theories of natural language acquisition. It was soon realized that this theory (particularly the context-free portion) was quite relevant to the artificial languages that had originated in computer science. Since those days, the theory of formal languages has been developed extensively, and has several discernible trends, which include applications to the syntactic analysis of programming languages, program schemes, models of biological systems, and relationships with natural languages.
Cleavage in American Attitudes toward Social Welfare

Opinion polls probing both the narrow and broad senses of social welfare among Americans indicate hardly any substantial differences over crucial social sentiments among a variety of groups with at least theoretically divergent interests: rich and poor, men and women, blacks and whites, a variety of ethnic groups, union and nonunion households. The items mainly concern the provision of welfare to the poor through AFDC, now TANF, and Food Stamps but also cover OASDHI. Consistently over more than sixty five years of systematic opinion polling, there is an astonishing consensus, so large in fact that it may undermine any effort to move the American citizenry into a more congregational series of provisions for each other. In fact, the consensus is antagonistic to the public welfare. Americans by their very actions, opinions, and codified intentions have canceled the notions of class and caste in subverting a generous welfare state.
Not Yet a Placeless Land: Tracking an Evolving American Geography

Wilbur Zelinsky made major contributions to the study of the human geography of the United States for six decades. In Not Yet a Placeless Land: Tracking an Evolving American Geography, he frequentl...
On the Determination of Michelson Doppler Imager High-Degree Mode Frequencies

The characteristics of the solar acoustic spectrum are such that mode lifetimes get shorter and spatial leaks get closer in frequency as the degree of a mode increases for a given order. A direct consequence of this property is that individual p-modes are resolved only at low and intermediate degrees and that at high degrees individual modes blend into ridges. Once modes have blended into ridges, the power distribution of the ridge defines the ridge central frequency, and it will mask the true underlying mode frequency. An accurate model of the amplitude of the peaks that contribute to the ridge power distribution is needed to recover the underlying mode frequency from fitting the ridge. We present the results of fitting high-degree power ridges (up to l = 900) computed from several 2-3 month long time series of full-disk observations taken with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory between 1996 and 1999. We also present a detailed discussion of the modeling of the ridge power distribution, and the contribution of the various observational and instrumental effects on the spatial leakage, in the context of the MDI instrument. We have constructed a physically motivated model (rather than some ad hoc correction scheme) that we believe results in a methodology that can produce an unbiased determination of high-degree modes once the instrumental characteristics are well understood. Finally, we present preliminary estimates of changes in high-degree mode parameters with epoch and thus solar activity level and discuss their significance. These estimates are preliminary because they rely on a simple—if not simplistic—ridge-to-mode correction scheme to account for errors in the plate scale used for the spherical harmonic decomposition. Such a correction scheme produced residual systematics that, as we show, are not always constant with time. These cannot be properly corrected without reprocessing the data back to the level of the spherical harmonic decomposition.
Hydraulic fracturing fluid migration in the subsurface: A review and expanded modeling results

Understanding the transport of hydraulic fracturing (HF) fluid that is injected into the deep subsurface for shale gas extraction is important to ensure that shallow drinking water aquifers are not contaminated. Topographically driven flow, overpressured shale reservoirs, permeable pathways such as faults or leaky wellbores, the increased formation pressure due to HF fluid injection, and the density contrast of the HF fluid to the surrounding brine can encourage upward HF fluid migration. In contrast, the very low shale permeability and capillary imbibition of water into partially saturated shale may sequester much of the HF fluid, and well production will remove HF fluid from the subsurface. We review the literature on important aspects of HF fluid migration. Single-phase flow and transport simulations are performed to quantify how much HF fluid is removed via the wellbore with flowback and produced water, how much reaches overlying aquifers, and how much is permanently sequestered by capillary imbibition, which is treated as a sink term based on a semianalytical, one-dimensional solution for two-phase flow. These simulations include all of the important aspects of HF fluid migration identified in the literature review and are performed in five stages to faithfully represent the typical operation of a hydraulically fractured well. No fracturing fluid reaches the aquifer without a permeable pathway. In the presence of a permeable pathway, 10 times more fracturing fluid reaches the aquifer if well production and capillary imbibition are not included in the model.
Más allá de la escritura: la epistemología de la etnografía en colaboración

La etnografia generalmente se entiende como una estrategia de representacion, una forma de escritura y en menor medida, una metodologia de investigacion. Este articulo, basado en una etnografia en colaboracion con investigadores indigenas colombianos, sugiere que la etnografia es mas que un texto escrito o un metodo para recoger datos; es un espacio critico en el cual los antropologos y nuestros interlocutores podemos participar conjuntamente en la co-teorizacion (la creacion de nuevas construcciones teoricas). La apertura de la etnografia a tales posibilidades, particularmente en casos de colaboracion con organizaciones de base, no solo tiene significacion etica sino que tiene el potencial de aportar nuevas perspectivas a la disciplina
Securing low-cost RFID systems: An unconditionally secure approach

In this paper, we explore a new direction towards solving the identity authentication problem in RFID systems. We break the RFID authentication process into two main problems: message authentication and random number generation. For parties equipped with a good source of randomness and a secure cryptographic primitive to authenticate messages, the literature of cryptography is rich with well-studied solutions for secure identity authentication. However, the two operations, random number generation and message authentication, can be expensive for low-cost RFID tags. In this paper, we lay down the foundations of a new direction towards solving these problems in RFID systems. We propose an unconditionally secure direction for authenticating RFID systems. We use the fact that RFID readers are computationally powerful devices to design a protocol that allows RFID readers to deliver random numbers to RFID tags in an unconditionally secure manner. Then, by taking advantage of the information-theoretic security of the transmitted messages, we develop a novel unconditionally secure message authentication code that is computed with a single multiplication operation. The goal of this work is to bring more research to the design of such unconditionally secure protocols, as opposed to the computationally secure protocols that have been proposed extensively, for the purpose of suiting the stringent computational capabilities of low-cost devices.
The Drosophila Netrin receptor frazzled/DCC functions as an invasive tumor suppressor

Loss of heterozygosity at 18q, which includes the Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) gene, has been linked to many human cancers. However, it is unclear if loss of DCC is the specific underlying cause of these cancers. The Drosophila imaginal discs are excellent systems in which to study DCC function, as it is possible to model human tumors through the generation of somatic clones of cells bearing multiple genetic lesions. Here, these attributes of the fly system were utilized to investigate the potential tumor suppressing functions of the Drosophila DCC homologue frazzled (fra) during eye-antennal disc development. Most fra loss of function clones are eliminated during development. However, when mutant clone cells generated in the developing eye were rescued from death, partially differentiated eye cells were found outside of the normal eye field, and in extreme cases distant sites of the body. Characterization of these cells during development indicates that fra mutant cells display characteristics of invasive tumor cells, including increased levels of phospho-ERK, phospho-JNK, and Mmp-1, changes in cadherin expression, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, and loss of polarity. Mutation of fra promotes basement membrane degradation and invasion which are repressed by inhibition of Rho1 signaling. Although inhibition of JNK signaling blocks invasive phenotypes in some metastatic cancer models in flies, blocking JNK signaling inhibits fra mutant cell death, thereby enhancing the fra mutant phenotype. The results of this investigation provide the first direct link between point mutations in fra/DCC and metastatic phenotypes in an animal model and suggest that Fra functions as an invasive tumor suppressor during Drosophila development.
Dimensions of Information and Resource Flow in Healthcare Systems

This study focuses on classifying human interactions in healthcare delivery in terms of the information and resource flows at multiple levels of analysis. Understanding the characteristic healthcare delivery requirements and communication patterns among healthcare professionals seems to be necessary to effectively support information sharing and coordination. We analyzed communication links between healthcare providers and dissected different types of information and resource flow. We identified four dimensions of information and resource flow: spatial proximity, flow requirement, modality, and flow path. Now that we have set a new methodology to characterize them, we can easily distinguish the various information and resource flow types. When applying these finding in simulating healthcare systems in order to analyze information and resource sharing and coordination, the above four dimensions would serve as attributes of the flowing entities. Finally, we demonstrate that the results of this study are the...