cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening: Evaluation of an EMR-Based Intervention

INTRODUCTION System level barriers have been associated with inadequate follow-up of abnormal cervical cytology.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN HELPS DESIGN WHAT MAY BE WORLD'S SMALLEST SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE

Computer-aided design (CAD) played a crucial role in designing what is believed to be the world's smallest scanning tunneling microscope. Conventional scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) are 2) to 6) in diameter. NEC researchers needed an STM only 1) in diameter to study objects in a high magnetic field at very low temperature within a tank of liquid helium. NEC engineers built the microscope in-house and at a local machine shop using a combination of commercial components and others that they built themselves. Computer-aided design was crucial in the fitting of all the required components within the very tight envelope requirement. An inexpensive Macintosh and PC-based CAD program, Vellumfrom Ashlar, Inc., San Jose, California, was used to evaluate a wide range of possible configurations in minimal time.
974-44 Cine Magnetization Transfer MRI: Relationship of Post MI Signal Enhancement to Regional Wall Thickening

Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) highlights acutely infarcted regions within the left ventricle by preferentially reducing the signal intensity in normal myocardium. Since signal intensity within blood is reduced to a lesser extent. MTC also improves myocardial-blood contrast. The purpose of this study was to compare the extent of MTC signal enhancement to that of impaired regional wall thickening in patients after acute anterior MI. Six patients were imaged on a 1.5 T scanner using a 10 phase Cine acquisition in the 4chamber and 2-chamber long axis orientation, an average of 6 + 2 days post MI. The gradient recalled echo sequence (TE = 10 msec) was modified to employ a gaussian off-resonance 11500 Hz) MT pulse applied for 8.19 msec immediately prior to each of the 128 phase views. As a control, each MTC Cine was followed by an identical image sequence without the MTC pulse. Patients were imaged in a prone position over an elliptical surface coil with data acquisition synchronized to the ECG R-wave. Percent end systolic wall thickening IWT) was measured in the center of the region of MT enhancement (E). in adjacent unenhanced segments (A). and in remote normal (N) regions of the left ventricle. (N) (A) (E) ANOVA Wt(%) 416 ± 84 17.2 ± 10 * 12.9 ± 9 * p l 0.0001 * p l 0.005 versus remote normal by Scheffe sub-testing Signal intensity within normal myocardium was reduced by an average of 25.1 ± 6.6% after application of the MTC pulse, enhanced regions 6.8 ± 7.0% while blood was only reduced by 5.4 ± 3.2%. Therefore, combined functional-MTC imaging identifies a myocardial region with impaired wall thickening but normal MT contrast which may represent stunned myocardium.
Effects of sodium arsenite on the cytoskeleton and cellular glutathione levels in cultured cells

The effects of As3+ (NaAsO2) on the microtubule and microfilament organization, cytoskeletal protein synthesis, cytoskeletal and cytosolic (soluble) protein sulfhydryls, and cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were examined in Swiss 3T3 mouse cells. Exposure of cells to 2.5 microM As3+ for 16 hr resulted in apparent cell retraction and loss of thick cables of actin filaments. However, the cells still retained numerous thinner microfilaments distributed in a disorganized manner. Microtubule organization was relatively undisturbed. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 20 microM), As3+ treatment caused a severe loss of microtubules and the remaining dense finer actin filaments formed smearing clusters in perinuclear areas. Treatment of cells with As3+ also induced a dose-dependent inhibition of cytoskeletal protein synthesis. Furthermore, As3+ exposure enhanced cellular GSH synthesis since the elevated cellular GSH content in As(3+)-treated cells could be abolished by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase required for GSH biosynthesis. As determined by the N-[3H]-ethylmaleimide binding assay, As3+ exposure also increased the amount of protein sulfhydryls in both the cytoskeletal and the cytosolic protein fractions. Moreover, a greater increase in protein sulfhydryls occurred in the cytoskeletal fraction than in the soluble fraction. These results indicate that the cytoskeleton could be a cellular target for injury by As3+ exposure. The elevated cellular GSH content induced by As3+ could provide a protective mechanism against further injury from this metal insult.
NFS-cc: tuning NFS for concurrent read sharing

A common file access pattern found in cluster applications is concurrent read sharing: applications running on multiple sites read access the same data set concurrently. Traditional network file systems are limited by the server's network bandwidth; therefore, it cannot satisfy the high-bandwidth concurrent reads that cluster applications typically require. This paper presents NFS-cc; a cooperative caching file system based on NFS and optimised for concurrent read sharing. Cooperative caching used by NFS-cc is a distributed file caching scheme, which allows file system clients to read data from the memory of other clients, instead of the server. If multiple clients cache the same data, they can supply the data to other clients concurrently, which greatly reduces the contention for the server's network bandwidth. NFS-cc exploits clients' bandwidth and file caches to improve the aggregate read throughput of the file system. Our preliminary performance measurements show that the aggregate read throughput of NFS-cc was increased with the number of clients and reached as high as 42.6 MB/s with 12 clients connected by a fast Ethernet. NFS-cc also reduced the average block read time by a factor of 50 80% under a variety of concurrent read access patterns when compared with NFS.
Some effects of combustion on turbulent mixing

Mixing and combustion of near-sonic central hydrogen jets and coaxial supersonic air or nitrogen streams are discussed. Results of concentration measurements in these flows are presented.
Characterization of S-100b Binding Epitopes. IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL TARGET, THE ACTIN CAPPING PROTEIN, CapZ

Short amino acid sequences that interact with the Ca2+ binding protein S-100b were identified by screening a bacteriophage random peptide display library. S-100b binding bacteriophages were selected by Ca(2+)-dependent affinity chromatography, and the sequence of the random peptide insert contained in 51 clones was determined. Alignment of the sequence of 44 unique S-100b binding peptides identified a common motif of eight amino acids. A subgroup of peptides that contained sequences with the highest degree of similarity had the consensus motif (K/R)(L/I)XWXXIL, in which predominantly P, S, and N were found in position 3, and S and D were found in position 5. Analysis of sequence databanks identified a similar sequence in the COOH-terminal region of the alpha-subunit of actin capping proteins. The peptide TRTKIDWNKILS (TRTK-12), corresponding to the region of greatest homology within this region of the subunit of actin capping proteins (e.g. amino acids 265-276 in CapZ alpha 1 and CapZ alpha 2), was synthesized and shown by fluorescence spectrophotometry to bind S-100b in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Gel overlay and cross-linking experiments demonstrated the interaction of S-100b with CapZ to be Ca2+ dependent. Moreover, this interaction was blocked by addition of TRTK-12 peptide. These results identify Ca(2+)-dependent S-100b target sequence epitopes and designate the carboxyl terminus of the alpha-subunit of actin capping proteins, like CapZ, to be a target of S-100b activity. The high level of conservation within this region of actin capping proteins and the apparent high affinity of this interaction strongly suggest that the interaction between S-100b and the alpha-subunit of actin capping proteins is biologically significant.
A new coating technique for lenses which have steep curved surface

In case that lens is coated using conventional evaporation system, the thickness distribution of coating on the lens is not uniform. We introduce new technique, which can produce uniform coatings on the lenses.
Transmission of 0-50 Kilovolt Electrons by Thin Films with Applications to Beta-Ray Spectroscopy.

The transmission of electrons in the energy range 0-40 kev by thin plastic and metal films with surface densities of 0.023-1.57 mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ has been measured in detail. The range-energy data resulting is prescribed fairly well by Bethe's average energy-loss theory. One of the films was used as a G-M counter window in a beta-ray spectrometer. The application of the transmission data to the beta-ray spectrum obtained for ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{147}$ gave some over-correction, as judged by the Fermi plot, which was attributable chiefly to the unavoidable difference between the collection geometry of the transmission measurement and that of the G-M counter.
Calcium Intake of Asian, Hispanic and White Youth

Objective: To examine calcium intake and food sources among Asian, white and Hispanic youth, in order to develop and target interventions to improve calcium intake.Methods: Cross-sectional survey with two 24-hour dietary recalls one week apart. Calcium intake was evaluated in 167 male and female adolescents of Asian, Hispanic and white ethnicity, ages 10–18 years, from six states. Main outcome measures were mean daily calcium intake (mg/day). Statistical analyses performed: t tests, Chi-square and analysis of variance for differences by age, ethnicity and gender, multiple regression of factors influencing calcium intake.Results: Overall median calcium intake was 938 mg/day with 868 mg/day for Asians, 1180 mg/day for whites and 896 mg/day for Hispanics. Daily milk intake was the primary predictor of calcium intake with Asian ethnicity and female gender each showing a negative association to calcium intake in multiple regression models.Conclusions: Milk intake was the primary factor positively influencing c...
Addition of levalbuterol to a pediatric emergency department automated medication management system does not increase its use

Although adding a drug to an emergency department-based automated medication management system is known to increase how frequently it is ordered, little is known about this effect when the added drug does not offer substantial benefit over a substitute drug that was already available. We studied the effect of adding nebulized levalbuterol to a pediatric emergency department-based automated medication management system that already included albuterol. All completed orders for nebulized levalbuterol or nebulized albuterol from our academic pediatric emergency department were retrospectively identified using a computerized pharmacy database. We compared ordering of these drugs for the year before levalbuterol was added to the automated medication management system, during which it was available only from the hospital central pharmacy via a pneumatic tube system, with the year following its inclusion in the system. There were 6 orders for nebulized levalbuterol and 1,295 orders for nebulized albuterol during the year that levalbuterol was only available from the hospital central pharmacy, and 7 orders for nebulized levalbuterol and 1,108 orders for nebulized albuterol during the year following levalbuterol’s inclusion in the automated medication management system. There was no significant difference (p = 0.78). Use of nebulized levalbuterol, in relation to that of nebulized albuterol, for which it is a substitute, did not significantly change when it was included in the pediatric emergency department automated medication management system. This may reflect the lack of substantial benefit that levalbuterol offers over nebulized albuterol in managing children in the emergency department.
Visualization of search results: a comparative evaluation of text, 2D, and 3D interfaces

Although there have been many prototypes of visualization in support of information retrieval, there has been little systematic evaluation that distinguishes the benefits of the visualization per se from that of various accompanying features. The current study focuses on such an evaluation of NIRVE, a tool that supports visualization of search results. Insofar as possible, functionally equivalent 3D, 2D, and text versions of NIRVE were implemented. Nine novices and six professional users completed a series of information-seeking tasks on a set of retrieved documents. There were high interface costs for the 3D visualization, although those costs decreased substantially with experience. Performance was best when the tool’s properties matched task demands; only under the right combination of task, user, and interface did 3D visualization result in performance comparable to functionally matched 2D and textual tools.
Power- and space-efficient image computation with compressive processing: I. Background and theory

Surveillance imaging applications on small autonomous imaging platforms present challenges of highly constrained power supply and form factor, with potentially demanding specifications for target detection and recognition. Absent of significant advances in image processing hardware, such power and space restrictions can imply severely limited computational capabilities. This holds especially for compute-intensive algorithms with high-precision fixed- or floating- point operations in deep pipelines that process large data streams. Such algorithms tend not to be amenable to small or simplified architectures involving (for example) reduced precision, reconfigurable logic, low-power gates, or energy recycling schemes. In this series of two papers, a technique of reduced-power computing called compressive processing (CXP) is presented and applied to several low- and mid-level computer vision operations. CXP computes over compressed data without resorting to intermediate decompression steps. As a result of fewer data due to compression, fewer operations are required by CXP than are required by computing over the corresponding uncompressed image. In several cases, CXP techniques yield speedups on the order of the compression ratio. Where lossy high-compression transforms are employed, it is often possible to use approximations to derive CXP operations to yield increased computational efficiency via a simplified mix of operations. The reduced work requirement, which follows directly from the presence of fewer data, also implies a reduced power requirement, especially if simpler operations are involved in compressive versus noncompressive operations. Several image processing algorithms (edge detection, morphological operations, and component labeling) are analyzed in the context of three compression transforms: vector quantization (VQ), visual pattern image coding (VPIC), and EBLAST. The latter is a lossy high-compression transformation developed for underwater communication of image data. Theory is primarily based on our previous research in compressive target detection and recognition. The modeling technique that supports analysis and verification of claims emphasizes 1) translation of each algorithm to a given compressive format, 2) determination of the operation mix M for each algorithm produced in Step 1), and 3) simulation of M on various architectural models, to estimate performance. Where possible, algorithms are expressed in image algebra, a rigorous, concise notation that unifies linear and nonlinear mathematics in the image domain. Image algebra has been implemented on a wide variety of workstations and parallel processors, thus increasing portability of the algorithms presented herein.
Fluid mechanics and mass transport analysis in stenosed carotid arteries

The fluid dynamics distal to a stenosis in vivo, and its effect on mass transport of LDL and oxygen were analyzed through a computational simulation. The in vivo carotid artery stenosis was created by denuding the arterial intimal surface in a Yucatan miniswine atheroma model. The animals were then fed high cholesterol diet. After 8 weeks, images of the atheroma forming arterial segments were obtained using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and reconstructed into a three-dimensional mesh. The computational model included unsteady flow analysis with time varying inflow velocity and with the measured distensibility specified as boundary conditions, as well as LDL and oxygen transport analysis. The results indicated flow separation and reattachment distal to the stenosis. Mean wall shear stress was the highest at the stenosis throat and became negative at the flow re-circulation zone. In the high wall shear stress regions LDL accumulation was reduced while oxygen transport was increased. In the low wall shear regions, the reduced arterial flows enhanced LDL accumulation but at the same time decreased the oxygen concentration. The analysis indicated that regions distal to the stenosis with oxygen deprivation and enhanced LDL accumulation in low wall shear regions may result in further growth of atheroma.
Orthodontic management of mandibular canine-incisor transposition.

Abstract This article presents five cases of an unusual dental anomaly—transposition of mandibular canine and lateral incisor. While every one of the presented cases had its individual characteristics, there are certain common traits. For instance, deciduous canines are usually retained, and the anomaly is found concurrent with other dental problems, such as congenital absence of teeth or peg-shaped lateral incisors. Many transposition cases also have a severe arch length discrepancy, which in itself may be an etiologic factor. In two of our cases orthodontic management included extraction of the transposed lateral incisor, whereas in the remaining three cases teeth were left in their transposed positions. On the basis of the longitudinal records of one of our cases, we speculate that there are early signs of transposition in the making, signs which should be recognized and which could possibly make transposition preventable.
The Arabidopsis C2H2 Zinc Finger INDETERMINATE DOMAIN1/ENHYDROUS Promotes the Transition to Germination by Regulating Light and Hormonal Signaling during Seed Maturation

Seed development ends with a maturation phase that imparts desiccation tolerance, nutrient reserves, and dormancy degree. Here, we report the functional analysis of an Arabidopsis thaliana C2H2 zinc finger protein INDETERMINATE DOMAIN1 (IDD1)/ENHYDROUS (ENY). Ectopic expression of IDD1/ENY (2x35S:ENY) disrupted seed development, delaying endosperm depletion and testa senescence, resulting in an abbreviated maturation program. Consequently, mature 2x35S:ENY seeds had increased endosperm-specific fatty acids, starch retention, and defective mucilage extrusion. Using RAB18 promoter ENY lines (RAB18:ENY) to confine expression to maturation, when native ENY expression increased and peaked, resulted in mature seed with lower abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased germination sensitivity to applied ABA. Furthermore, results of far-red and red light treatments of 2x35S:ENY and RAB18:ENY germinating seeds, and of artificial microRNA knockdown lines, suggest that ENY acts to promote germination. After using RAB18:ENY seedlings to induce ENY during ABA application, key genes in gibberellin (GA) metabolism and signaling were differentially regulated in a manner suggesting negative feedback regulation. Furthermore, GA treatment resulted in a skotomorphogenic-like phenotype in light-grown 2x35S:ENY and RAB18:ENY seedlings. The physical interaction of ENY with DELLAs and an ENY-triggered accumulation of DELLA transcripts during maturation support the conclusion that ENY mediates GA effects to balance ABA-promoted maturation during late seed development.
The thermal dose index.

Objective A new index is proposed to help sonographers easily assess the risk of an adverse thermal effect arising from a clinical examination. It is called the thermal dose index (TDI). Methods The TDI uses the familiar thermal index (TI) and the examination duration to compute a dimensionless index. Results The greater the TDI value, the greater the risk of a thermally induced adverse effect. If the TDI is 1 or less, there is no expectation of a thermally induced adverse effect. Conclusions Like the TI, the TDI would be a convenient index that is continually updated and displayed during an ultrasound examination. The TDI is a new estimate of thermal risk that takes into account the duration of an ultrasound examination.
Using Consensus Analysis to Measure Cultural Diversity in Organizations and Social Movements

Consensus analysis, a technique developed in cognitive anthropology for analyzing structured interview data, produces three useful results: (1) a measure of the degree of agreement among informants...
A mild acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in a patient with alloanti-Ge3: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of the Gerbich antibodies has been described as variable and there are no well-documented reports of hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). CASE REPORT: We present the case of a woman with a long history of documented anti-Ge3 alloantibody who received multiple units of Ge+ red blood cells (RBCs) uneventfully. During the first admission to our hospital she was transfused 8 units of Ge+ RBCs and had a negative monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) before receiving the units. Within 2 weeks of the transfusions, the anti-Ge3 became significantly stronger by indirect antiglobulin test, and the MMA increased from 2.2 to 79.5% reactivity. She returned 4.5 years later with an emergent need for blood and was transfused with 2 units of Ge+ RBCs after premedication with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. RESULTS: The first unit was transfused without incident; however, she developed clinical and laboratory signs consistent with an acute HTR with the second unit. CONCLUSION: After a comprehensive review of the literature, we believe this to be the first well-documented case of acute HTR due to anti-Gerbich alloantibodies.
Self-conscious emotions׳ role in functional outcomes within clinical populations.

Patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) often experience dysfunction in their ability to efficiently carry out everyday roles and/or skills. These deficits are seen across many domains of daily functioning. We suggest that the “self-conscious emotions” of pride and shame play a role in these functional outcomes. Pride and shame appear to facilitate individuals' ability to evaluate their group status, detect social threats, and to adjust their behaviors accordingly. This study utilized an objective performance measure of functional capacity and a self-report of quality of life (QoL) to examine the respective roles of pride and shame in functional outcomes within two SMI patient groups (schizophrenia and affective disorder) and a community control group. The influence of neurocognition, affect and symptomatology on functional outcomes was also assessed. The patient groups did not differ in cognitive functioning, QoL, or shame. The schizophrenia group reported significantly higher pride and displayed worse objective performance than the other groups. Within each of the groups, shame had an inverse relationship with QoL, while pride positively associated with QoL. Shame associated with worse functional capacity in the schizophrenia group. Shame associated with better functional capacity, while pride associated with worse functional capacity within the affective disorder group.
Swarming Behavior of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Southeastern Louisiana

Abstract Reproductive swarming phenology, swarm sizes, and cavity selection were studied in a European-derived population of Apis mellifera L. in southeastern Louisiana before and immediately after the initial detection in 1992 of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae). Frequency of swarms was highest between early April and early May in each of 6 yr. Swarm weight averaged 1.42 kg (range 0.17–4.30 kg) and did not change significantly the year after detection of V. destructor. Swarms spent an average of ≈20 daylight hours scouting for a new nest-site from a temporary location and moved more frequently to cavities of 30-liter than to those of 13-liter volume. Swarms were random in direction of movement. Dance tempos at the time of swarm departure indicated movement to cavities at distances from 200 m to ≈10 km. The genetic composition of this honey bee population is likely to change after natural and artificial selection for resistance to new parasites, such as V. destructor and Aethina tum...
Intelligent sensorless control of a smart-material actuator

In this paper, intelligent sensorless control of a smart-material actuator is presented. The smart material that we used to develop a novel type of linear actuator is Terfenol-D. The peristaltic motion in the actuator is generated by inducing a traveling magnetic field inside the Terfenol-D element. The sensorless control of the actuator is based on an observation illustrating a direct relationship between the active element's position and the coils' inductances. To detect the inductance change, the coil's current response to a pulse voltage input is monitored. Then a fundamental relationship between the coils' current response pulse widths and active element's position is developed using a combination of a Sugeno fuzzy model and neural networks. Eventually, the closed-loop sensorless control of the magnetostrictive actuator was successfully performed. The neuro-fuzzy-based sensorless control demonstrated the position-estimation capability with a ±0.5-mm maximum error. The sensorless control scheme combined with the unique features of this actuator is promising in the applications where conventional actuation and sensing methods are proved inapplicable due to technical or reliability issues.
Continuing decreases in asthma mortality in the United States.

Background Rates of death from asthma in the United States increased after 1978 until 1988 and then tended to stabilize through 1997. Objective To identify and evaluate subsequent trends in asthma mortality in the United States. Methods Tabulation and graphing of data from the National Center for Health Statistics identifying asthma ( International Classification of Diseases [ICD], Ninth Revision , code, 493; ICD-10 code, J45-J46) as the underlying cause of death in the 50 United States and the District of Columbia with rates of death from asthma by age, race, and sex and age-adjusted rates of death by race. Results Rates of death from asthma in the United States increased from 0.8 per 100,000 general population in 1977 and 1978 to 2.0 in 1989 and 2.1 in 1994 through 1996 but have decreased to 1.6 in 2000, a decrease accounted for only partly by implementation in 1999 of the ICD-10 . Rates have been higher for women than men but have decreased for both. Age-adjusted rates of death for asthma have been much higher for blacks than whites. Conclusion Asthma mortality has stabilized since 1988 and decreased since 1998. Improved management and recent decreases in prevalence are the most likely explanations for these recent trends.
Toxicity of four sulfonamide antibiotics to the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca.

Sulfonamides are a widely used class of antibiotics; however, there are few toxicological data available with which to conduct environmental risk assessments for these compounds. Therefore, the toxicity of four sulfonamides (sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, and sulfasalazine) to Hyalella azteca was assessed in chronic (four-week), water-only exposures. Survival was evaluated weekly, and growth was measured at the end of the test. Four-week lethal concentrations associated with 50% mortality (LC50s) for sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazole, and sulfamerazine were 0.90, 1.6, and 3.9 µM, respectively. Sulfaguanidine caused effects on survival more quickly and at lower concentrations than sulfathiazole or sulfamerazine. These differences were more pronounced at week 1 than week 4, when sulfaguanidine LC50s were 8 to 20 times lower and 2 to 4 times lower, respectively. Growth was affected by sulfathiazole but was a less sensitive end point than survival, with an effective concentration associated with 50% reduction in growth (EC50) of 13 µM, whereas sulfaguanidine and sulfamerazine caused negligible effects on growth. Sulfasalazine had no effect on survival or growth at any concentration tested, up to 13 µM. The effects observed in the present study occurred at concentrations exceeding those typically found in environmental waters. However, given that LC50s decreased with exposure duration (except for sulfasalazine), the present study demonstrates the importance of conducting longer-term tests to adequately assess the environmental toxicity of sulfonamides.
The mini-visualized treatment objective.

Abstract The predetermination of the eventual outcome of orthodontic treatment should be a part of each orthodontist's armamentarium. The mini-visualized treatment objective is a simple yet relatively accurate method of predicting the incisor and molar relations on the basis of growth and treatment alterations of the dentoskeletal framework. Obtainable treatment objectives are recorded on the original acetate tracing. In addition to space calculations, direction and magnitude of tooth movement are clearly indicated. Not only is the mini-visualized treatment objective an excellent visual aid during case presentation, it may also be used to check on possible “midcourse” corrections during treatment and the evaluation of the final result compared with the original prediction.
Active appearance models with occlusion

Active Appearance Models (AAMs) are generative parametric models that have been successfully used in the past to track faces in video. A variety of video applications are possible, including dynamic head pose and gaze estimation for real-time user interfaces, lip-reading, and expression recognition. To construct an AAM, a number of training images of faces with a mesh of canonical feature points (usually hand-marked) are needed. All feature points have to be visible in all training images. However, in many scenarios parts of the face may be occluded. Perhaps the most common cause of occlusion is 3D pose variation, which can cause self-occlusion of the face. Furthermore, tracking using standard AAM fitting algorithms often fails in the presence of even small occlusions. In this paper we propose algorithms to construct AAMs from occluded training images and to track faces efficiently in videos containing occlusion. We evaluate our algorithms both quantitatively and qualitatively and show successful real-time face tracking on a number of image sequences containing varying degrees and types of occlusions.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING TESTS

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated racial differences in the operating characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination as screening tests for early detection of prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We screened 18,527 white and 949 black men 50 years old or older using serum PSA measurement and digital rectal examination. We recommended biopsies if either test was suspicious for cancer. For PSA greater than 4.0 ng./ml. and rectal examination we calculated relative sensitivity (percentage of men with cancer who had a positive test), specificity (percentage of men without cancer who had a negative test) and positive predictive value (percentage of men with a positive test in whom cancer was detected) for the prediction of prostate cancer stratified by race.Results: In white and black men PSA greater than 4.0 ng./ml. detected more cancers than rectal examination (p <0.002) with a trend for a greater increase in sensitivity in black men. PSA was associated with fewer false-positi...
CMOL FPGA: a reconfigurable architecture for hybrid digital circuits with two-terminal nanodevices

This paper describes a digital logic architecture for ‘CMOL’ hybrid circuits which combine a semiconductor–transistor (CMOS) stack and two levels of parallel nanowires, with molecular-scale nanodevices formed between the nanowires at every crosspoint. This cell-based, field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-like architecture is based on a uniform, reconfigurable CMOL fabric, with four-transistor CMOS cells and two-terminal nanodevices (‘latching switches’). The switches play two roles: they provide diode-like I –V curves for logic circuit operation, and allow circuit mapping on CMOL fabric and its reconfiguration around defective nanodevices. Monte Carlo simulations of two simple circuits (a 32-bit integer adder and a 64-bit full crossbar switch) have shown that the reconfiguration allows one to increase the circuit yield above 99% at the fraction of bad nanodevices above 20%. Estimates have shown that at the same time the circuits may have extremely high density (approximately 500 times higher than that of the usual CMOS FPGAs with the same design rules), while operating at higher speed at acceptable power consumption. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Electro-Mechano-Optical (ElMO) Microstructures Fabricated from Reactive Mesogens: A Novel Light Modulating Material

We have manufactured birefringent polymer balls by photo-polymerizing suspensions of reactive mesogens in the nematic phase. The dielectric and optical anisotropy is captured by photo-polymerization. The balls are ElectroMechano-Optical (ElMO) in that they undergo a mechanical reorientation in the presence of an applied electric field, and therefore may be useful for display applications. We show that our spheres are suited for both conventional electrode arrangements and in-plane switching modes. We present our modeling for the switching times and critical switching voltage and show the potential of ElMO materials in electro-optic applications.
Zoom*UserViews: querying relevant provenance in workflow systems

In this demonstration, we present the ZOOM*UserView system, and focus on the module which generates a "user view" based on what tasks the user perceives to be relevant in the workflow specification. We will show how user views can be used to reduce the amount of information returned by provenance queries, while focusing on information the user finds relevant. User views are based on the notion of composite tasks, and induce a higher-level specification of a workflow.
Characteristics of gas‐liquid‐solid fluidization with nonwettable particles

We address the flow behavior of multibubble systems with nonwettable particles and classify the flow pattern according to the motion of the particle-bubble aggregates
Network models of online communities of creators

As online tools and social web sites become more popular, people are sharing more of their creations online. This thesis uses social network analysis to understand how community members share creations and learn from one another. It looks at the communities' network structure, how ideas diffuse through them, which ideas are adopted and incorporated into members' work, and how members describe the ways their work relates to others'.
Presenting Lengthy Problem-Solving Techniques With PowerPoint

This article illustrates the use of PowerPoint presentations in teaching problem-solving techniques where more than a simple “uncovering” of a line-by-line solution is desirable. A major hurdle in using PowerPoint to present solutions to accounting problems is getting copious amounts of material on the screen while keeping the font size large enough to be seen by students in the back of the room. Several techniques for overcoming this hurdle are discussed and illustrated. Two exercises involving the statement of cash flows have been chosen as examples. Lastly, the URL of the author’s website is provided so that interested readers may download approximately 100 PowerPoint slides if they wish to incorporate or modify these presentations for use in their own classroom.
Oxygen consumption is less in rat hearts arrested by low calcium than by high potassium at fixed flow

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) differs when the heart is arrested by hyperkalemic arresting solution (ASK) or by hypocalcemic arresting solution (ASCa) when coronary flow is maintained constant. MVO2 was measured in 12 isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts alternately perfused with ASK (20 mM K+ and 1.5 mM Ca2+) and ASCa (5 mM K+ and 0.08 mM Ca2+). Six of the hearts were perfused with ASK for 10 min, ASCa for 5 min, ASK for a second 5 min, and finally ASCa for 5 min; ASCa and ASK were opposite in this sequence for the other six hearts. Measurements of MVO2 during ASK and ASCa arrest, taken at the end of each perfusion period, were analyzed to distinguish the independent influences of time and perfusate composition on MVO2 in the arrested hearts (analysis of covariance). Consistent with previous findings, MVO2 decreased with time after the onset of cardiac arrest with both solutions. The average per minute fall was 0.0003 ml O2.min-1.g-1 (P less than 0.01). However, at any given time after arrest, MVO2 averaged 0.004 ml.min-1.g-1 less during ASCa arrest than during ASK arrest (P less than 0.01), which amounted to a 15% reduction in MVO2. To test whether the increased MVO2 during hyperkalemic arrest was dependent on calcium in the perfusion medium, a third series of six hearts was studied in which MVO2 values measured during ASCa and ASK arrest were compared with those measured during arrest by hyperkalemic-hypocalcemic solution (ASK,Ca: 20 mM K+, 0.08 mM Ca2+).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Iasc-U.S. Comparison Project and the Market Approach to International Financial Reporting

Harmonization of accounting principles has been discussed in the accounting literature for decades. As capital markets become more international there is an increasing need for financial information that is understandable to investors in many different countries. The debate usually centers around whether harmonization -- adoption of uniform reporting rules for corporations in all countries -- is desirable, and if so, how the goal can best be achieved. This paper presents an overview of the harmonization debate and the IASC-U.S. Comparison Project, which is aimed at alleviating some of the problems inherent in a nonharmonized international financial reporting system. It then looks at the economics literature to determine whether the market might be able to solve the financial reporting problems that governmental and private regulatory groups have been unable to solve.
A historical perspective and review of elastomeric stick-slip

Abstract Stick—slip sliding of elastomers is an important subtopic to the general topic of the sliding friction of elastomers. This paper provides a review of the experimental and analytical work that has occurred over the last 50 years on stick—slip sliding. Both dry and lubricated sliding of elastomers are reviewed. Stick—slip of elastomers is traced from the early experimental work on friction of the 1950–1960s through the more recent experimental and modeling results of the 1980–1990s. From the literature the common driving mechanism for both wet and dry sliding is most often attributed to a negative slope for friction as a function of velocity.
Can We Talk?: Impediments to Intergenerational Communication and Practice in Law School Elder Law Clinics

Because older and younger Americans bring vastly different life perspectives to dialogic encounters, the current generations of older and younger Americans have difficulty discussing solutions to national problems that will affect both groups, such as health care and Social Security reform. This article postulates, however, that the two groups will be better able to communicate, despite their different experiences, if both groups meet in a common social milieu. The article suggests that because elder law clinics encounter issues similar to national problems faced by both age groups, they are ideal arenas within which dialogic encounters can take place between older and younger Americans. The article concludes with a discussion of ethical issues that elder law clinic practitioners may face during such encounters.
Human-Expert Data Aggregation for Situation-Based Automation of Regenerative Life Support Systems

a solution to this problem and, for such purpose, this paper elaborates on the aggregation of human-expert data to obtain the granular structure of the FAM. The aggregation process consists of an optimization process based on particle swarms. The result is a three dimensional array with parameters that dene n-dimensional non-interactive granules. Two alternatives are presented in this paper: (1) a four-dimensional optimization algorithm to obtain normal fuzzy sets, and (2) a ve-dimensional alternative that results in subnormal fuzzy sets. The results were obtained with simulations of an aquatic habitat that serves as a small-scale model of a RLSS. The discussion elaborates on which of the two alternatives may be better suited for applications in situation assessment and automation.
Analysis Of Influencing Factors On The Prognosis Of Pesticide Poisoning cases In Xuancheng City

Objective To find out the main influencing factors on the prognosis of pesticide poisoning cases,and provide evidence for the control and prevention of pesticide poisoning.Method s: Data of pesticide poisoning cases reported through occupational hazard factors monitoring direct reporting network system from Jun.1st,2006 to Dec.31,2010 in Xuancheng city were analyzed.Results : From Jun,2006 to Dec,2010,a total of 2331 pesticide poisoning cases were reported,and 133 died,the fatality rate was 5.7%.The results of univariate analysis showed that the fatality rate was higher in higher age group,or in unproductive poisoning accidents,or in poisoning accidents caused by insecticide or herbicide,or in the situation that who was first received by township hospitals,or among the pesticide poisoning cases in earlier years.The results of Multivariate analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the prognosis of pesticide poisoning cases were age,poisoning type,poisoning year,the level of the first received hospital.Conclusion : The way to improve the outcome and prognosis of pesticide poisoning cases was its main influencing factors of the prognosis.
Viral deep sequencing needs an adaptive approach: IRMA, the iterative refinement meta-assembler

Deep sequencing makes it possible to observe low-frequency viral variants and sub-populations with greater accuracy and sensitivity than ever before. Existing platforms can be used to multiplex a large number of samples; however, analysis of the resulting data is complex and involves separating barcoded samples and various read manipulation processes ending in final assembly. Many assembly tools were designed with larger genomes and higher fidelity polymerases in mind and do not perform well with reads derived from highly variable viral genomes. Reference-based assemblers may leave gaps in viral assemblies while de novo assemblers may struggle to assemble unique genomes. The IRMA (iterative refinement meta-assembler) pipeline solves the problem of viral variation by the iterative optimization of read gathering and assembly. As with all reference-based assembly, reads are included in assembly when they match consensus template sets; however, IRMA provides for on-the-fly reference editing, correction, and optional elongation without the need for additional reference selection. This increases both read depth and breadth. IRMA also focuses on quality control, error correction, indel reporting, variant calling and variant phasing. In fact, IRMA’s ability to detect and phase minor variants is one of its most distinguishing features. We have built modules for influenza and ebolavirus. We demonstrate usage and provide calibration data from mixture experiments. Methods for variant calling, phasing, and error estimation/correction have been redesigned to meet the needs of viral genomic sequencing. IRMA provides a robust next-generation sequencing assembly solution that is adapted to the needs and characteristics of viral genomes. The software solves issues related to the genetic diversity of viruses while providing customized variant calling, phasing, and quality control. IRMA is freely available for non-commercial use on Linux and Mac OS X and has been parallelized for high-throughput computing.
Growth of Uveal Melanoma following Intravitreal Bevacizumab.

Purpose: Typically treatment of large melanomas (by Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study criteria) is restricted to enucleation, due to size constraints for plaque brachytherapy. Because primary and metastatic uveal melanoma cells are inhibited by bevacizumab (an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor), this prospective study evaluated the impact of intravitreal bevacizumab on large uveal melanomas that were destined for enucleation. Size reduction by bevacizumab would potentially salvage these eyes by making them eligible for treatment with plaque brachytherapy. Procedures: Two patients with large uveal melanoma were each treated with one intravitreous injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL). Results: Both tumors displayed paradoxical growth 1 week following the injection, with confirmed growth 1 week later (increase from baseline of 1.1 mm in one eye and 3.1 mm in the other eye). Both eyes were enucleated and monosomy 3 and vasculogenic mimicry patterns were identified in both tumors. At 9 years follow-up, both patients were alive and metastasis free. Conclusion: These patients demonstrate that neoadjuvant intravitreous bevacizumab does not decrease the size of large uveal melanomas and may, in fact, result in their paradoxical growth. This observation supports a cautious approach in the use of intravitreous bevacizumab for uveal melanoma, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting.
The mismeasure of monkeys: education policy research and the evolution of social capital

AbstractThis conceptual history traces the rise of ‘social capital’ from the theories of James Coleman and Pierre Bourdieu to its eventual adoption in fields such as primatology and evolutionary psychology. It argues that the earliest theories of social capital were formulated in response to a growing perception that education was an economic investment. It argues, moreover, that peculiarities in the earliest theories of social capital, as well as a confluence of historical factors, led to an explosion of social capital research during the 1990s and 2000s. Though researchers have attributed social capital’s meteoric rise to the expansion of neoliberal discourse, my account suggests that the factors behind the concept’s growth were more complex and manifold. Social capital has never been a singular idea with clear ties to a single theory or ideology. It is all the more troubling, then, that many researchers have discussed this nebulous concept as if it were a self-explanatory and universal empirical princi...
Comparison of international methods for the determination of total starch in raw sugars: Part II

Industrial starch methods in the sugar industry are affected by sugarcane- and processing-derived colourants, and it was presumed that these methods are mathematically equatable. Using the USDA Starch Research method as a reference and factory raw sugars, the impact of colourants on the accuracy, precision, limits of detection/quantification, and mathematical equatability of the starch methods were investigated. Approximately 26-55% of raw sugar colour contributed to starch-I3- absorbance. The exclusion of a colour blank negatively affected method accuracy and the addition of a colour blank confirmed that these methods measured mostly colour instead of starch. Inefficient starch solubilization and the inability to standardize sugar colourants explained why starch results from these methods could not be mathematically equated to the USDA Starch Research method, or among different methods. An industrial starch method that efficiently solubilizes starch and includes a colour blank is urgently needed.