cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Chemical Characterization of the Gene: Vicissitudes of Evidential Assessment

The chemical characterization of the substance responsible for the phenomenon of "transformation" of pneumococci was presented in the now famous 1944 paper by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. Reception of this work was mixed. Although interpreting their results as evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule responsible for genetic changes was, at the time, controversial, this paper has been retrospectively celebrated as providing such evidence. The mixed and changing assessment of the evidence presented in the paper was due to the work's interpretive flexibility - the evidence was interpreted in various ways, and such interpretations were justified given the neophytic state of molecular biology and methodological limitations of Avery's transformation studies. I argue that the changing context in which the evidence presented by Avery's group was interpreted partly explains the vicissitudes of the assessments of the evidence. Two less compelling explanations of the reception are a myth-making account and an appeal to the wartime historical context of its publication.
Fluorescent proteins function as a prey attractant: experimental evidence from the hydromedusa Olindias formosus and other marine organisms.

Although proteins in the green fluorescent protein family (GFPs) have been discovered in a wide array of taxa, their ecological functions in these organisms remain unclear. Many hypothesized roles are related to modifying bioluminescence spectra or modulating the lightregimeforalgalsymbionts,butthesedonotexplainthepresence of GFPs in animals that are non-luminous and non-symbiotic. Other hypothesized functions are unrelated to the visual signals themselves, including stress responses and antioxidant roles, but these cannot explain the localization of fluorescence in particular structures on the animals. Here we tested the hypothesis that fluorescence might serve to attract prey. In laboratory experiments, the predator was the hydromedusa Olindias formosus (previously known as O. formosa), which has fluorescent and pigmented patches on the tips of its tentacles. The prey, juvenile rockfishes in the genus Sebastes, were significantly more attracted (P<1×10 −5 ) to the medusa’s tentacles under lighting conditions where fluorescence was excited and tentacle tips were visible above the background. The fish did not respond significantly when treatments did not include fluorescentstructuresortookplaceunderyelloworwhite lights,which did not generate fluorescence visible above the ambient light. Furthermore, underwater observations of the behavior of fishes when presented with a brightly illuminated point showed a strong attraction to this visual stimulus. In situ observations also provided evidence for fluorescent lures as supernormal stimuli in several other marine animals, includingthe siphonophoreRhizophysaeysenhardti. Our results support the idea that fluorescent structures can serve as prey attractants, thus providing a potential function for GFPs and other fluorescent proteins in a diverse range of organisms.
Characterization of a murine coronavirus defective interfering RNA internal cis-acting replication signal.

The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) sequences required for replication of the JHM strain of MHV defective interfering (DI) RNA consist of three discontinuous genomic regions: about 0.47 kb from both terminal sequencesanda0.13-kbinternalregionpresentatabout0.9kbfromthe5 endoftheDIgenome.Inthisstudy, we investigated the role of the internal 0.13-kb region in MHV RNA replication. Overall sequences of the 0.13-kb regions from various MHV strains were similar to each other, with nucleotide substitutions in some strains; MHV-A59 was exceptional, with three nucleotide deletions. Computer-based secondary-structure analysis of the 0.13-kb region in the positive strand revealed that most of the MHV strains formed the same orasimilarmainstem-loopstructure,whereasonlyMHV-A59formedasmallermainstem-loopstructure.The RNA secondary structures in the negative strands were much less uniform among the MHV strains. A series of DI RNAs that contained MHV-JHM-derived 5 - and 3 -terminal sequences plus internal 0.13-kb regions derived from various MHV strains were constructed. Most of these DI RNAs replicated in MHV-infected cells, except that MRP-A59, with a 0.13-kb region derived from MHV-A59, failed to replicate. Interestingly, replication of MRP-A59 was temperature dependent; it occurred at 39.5 C but not at 37 or 35 C, whereas a DI RNA withanMHV-JHM-derived0.13-kbregionreplicatedatallthreetemperatures.At37 C,synthesisofMRP-A59 negative-strand RNA was detected in MHV-infected and MRP-A59 RNA-transfected cells. Another DI RNA with the internal 0.13-kb region deleted also synthesized negative-strand RNA in MHV-infected cells. MRPA59-transfected cells were shifted from 39.5 to 37 C at 5.5 h postinfection, a time when most MHV negativestrand RNAs have already accumulated; after the shift, MRP-A59 positive-strand RNA synthesis ceased. The minimum sequence required for maintenance of the positive-strand major stem-loop structure and biological function of the MHV-JHM 0.13-kb region was about 57 nucleotides. Function was lost in the 50-nucleotide sequence that formed a positive-strand stem-loop structure identical to that of MHV-A59. These studies suggested that the RNA structure made by the internal sequence was important for positive-strand MHV RNA synthesis.
The Association of Pain With Smoking and Quit Attempts in an Electronic Diary Study of Cancer Patients Trying to Quit.

Introduction The purpose of this electronic daily diary study was to examine the relation of pain to smoking and quit attempts among 34 cancer patients with pain enrolled in a smoking cessation program. Methods Electronic daily diary assessments of pain and smoking were collected at the end of each day for a 2-week period during smoking cessation treatment. Pain experienced throughout the day was measured on a scale from 1 to 5, from "no pain" to "pain as bad as you can imagine." Smoking was defined as the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Results Linear multilevel modeling was used in examining associations between pain and smoking. A within-person pain and smoking association was found, such that greater daily pain was linked to greater daily smoking within individuals, controlling for baseline symptoms, nicotine dependence, smoking urge, age, and gender. No between-person pain and smoking association was observed. Additionally, cancer patients with higher average pain across the 2-week assessment period were less likely to make a quit attempt (defined as a day on which participants smoked no cigarettes) during the study period. Conclusions The findings of this study add to a nascent literature on pain and smoking by providing initial evidence that pain may be a barrier to quitting among cancer patients who smoke and have pain. Future research examining the effectiveness of integrated pain and smoking cessation treatment in this population may be warranted.
Pharmacists' views of patient counseling.

The goal of this study was to assess whether pharmacists rate eight elements of counseling of equal importance in different dispensing situations. A sample of 708 pharmacists was asked to complete a pretested questionnaire about patient counseling; 697 provided usable responses for a response rate of 98%. Using multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of variance, we found significant differences (p < 0.01) in pharmacists' ratings of the importance of counseling patients in different situations. Pharmacists used patient familiarity with the medication and the perceived seriousness of potential consequences to the patient to determine the importance of each element of counseling.
Recent Advances in Dendritic Macromonomers for Hydrogel Formation and Their Medical Applications.

Hydrogels represent one of the most important classes of biomaterials and are of interest for various medical applications including wound repair, tissue engineering, and drug release. Hydrogels possess tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and similarity to natural soft tissues. The need for hydrogels with specific properties, based on the design requirements of the in vitro, in vivo, or clinical application, motivates researchers to develop new synthetic approaches and cross-linking methodologies to form novel hydrogels with unique properties. The use of dendritic macromonomers represents one elegant strategy for the formation of hydrogels with specific properties. Specifically, the uniformity of dendrimers combined with the control of their size, architecture, density, and surface groups make them promising cross-linkers for hydrogel formation. Over the last two decades, a large variety of dendritic-based hydrogels are reported for their potential use in the clinic. This review ...
The Stoichiometry between MICU1 and MCU Determines the Different Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Phenotypes in Heart and Liver

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is central to oxidative metabolism and cell death signaling. The first clues to its molecular mechanism have emerged from the recent identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter's pore forming protein (MCU) as well as its regulators. Among the regulators, MICU1 shows striking co-expression and co-evolution with MCU. MICU1 has been demonstrated to be a Ca2+-sensing protein, which both sets a threshold for low Ca2+ concentration while it assures cooperative activation during high Ca2+ rises. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake shows tissue specific differences and interestingly, mRNA level for MICUs and MCUs also displays tissue specificity. We set out to investigate if the stoichiometry between MICU1 and MCU could account for the previously described differences between heart and liver in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Immunoblotting showed higher expression for all MICU1, MICU2 and MCU in mouse liver versus heart mitochondria, and a 4.5 fold higher MICU1 to MCU ratio in liver. In fluorometric measurements of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, heart mitochondria displayed a decreased threshold and lesser cooperativity compared to liver mitochondria. Additionally, NAD(P)H elevation was detectable after exposure to moderate [Ca2+] elevations only in heart mitochondria. Overexpression of MICU1 in the heart using AAV9-MICU1 tail-vein injection significantly increased the MICU1 protein level without any changes of MICU2 or MCU. This increased the MICU1 to MCU ratio in the heart and led to increased thresholding and cooperativity, reproducing the liver-like mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake phenotype. Vice versa MICU1 downregulation in the liver has been shown to lower the threshold and cooperativity of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in hepatocytes. Thus, heart and liver mitochondria show different levels of Ca2+ threshold and cooperative activation of Ca2+ uptake, which seem to result from differential quantitative relationship between MICU1 and MCU.
Activity level in rats as a function of hyper stimulation and sex of animal

Previous research has suggested that decrements in curiosity, following overstimulation, may be due to increases in general activity. The present study attempted to define the relationship between hyperstimulation and activity in male and female animals. Animals were preexposed to 30 sec of intense strobe light before being allowed access to an open field. Control animals did not have this preexposure. The procedure was repeated over a 3-day period. The results indicated a significant increase in general activity following hyperstimulation. There were no significant differential effects of hyperstimulation upon males vs females.
Molecular simulation of the pressure-induced crystallographic phase transition of p-terphenyl.

The pressure- and temperature-induced polymorphic crystal phase transitions of p-terphenyl (PTP) have been modeled using a modified PCFF interaction force field. Modifications of the interaction potential were necessary to simultaneously model both the temperature-induced phase transition at ambient pressure and the pressure-induced phase transition at low temperature. Although the high-temperature and high-pressure phases are both characterized by flattening of the PTP molecule, the mechanisms of the temperature- and pressure-induced phase transitions are different. At high temperature thermal energy exceeds the torsional barrier, resulting in a bimodal phenyl ring twist angle distribution that averages to zero. In contrast, compression of PTP at high pressure results in a static planar structure. At high pressure the compression of the unit cell is also characterized by large compression of the a lattice parameter and weak compression of c, but some expansion of the b lattice parameter. The expansion of...
Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,2-Dihydronaphthalenes and 1,2-Dihydroanthracenes Using a Recyclable Molybdenum Dearomatization Agent

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; e.g., naphthalene and anthracene) form stable η2-bound complexes with the dearomatizing fragment {TpMo(NO)(MeIm)} (where Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate; MeIm = 1-methylimidazole). These complexes undergo protonation at the α carbon followed by regioselective nucleophilic addition at the adjacent β carbon. The nucleophile (a pyrrole or an enolate) adds stereoselectively, anti to the face of metal coordination. The resulting 1,2-dihydroarene ligand may be isolated via metal oxidation by iodine to provide the free 1,2-dihydroarene in moderate yield (∼60%), as well as TpMo(NO)(MeIm)(I), the precursor of the original PAH complex (∼80–90%). Thus, a formal catalytic cycle for the dearomatization of naphthalene and anthracene has been demonstrated.
Suicide Mortality Among Retired National Football League Players Who Played 5 or More Seasons.

Background:There is current disagreement in the scientific literature about the relationship between playing football and suicide risk, particularly among professional players in the National Football League (NFL). While some research indicates players are at high risk of football-related concussions, which may lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy and suicide, other research finds such a connection to be speculative and unsupported by methodologically sound research.Purpose:To compare the suicide mortality of a cohort of NFL players to what would be expected in the general population of the United States.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A cohort of 3439 NFL players with at least 5 credited playing seasons between 1959 and 1988 was assembled for statistical analysis. The vital status for this cohort was updated through 2013. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths, and 95% CIs were computed for the cohort; 95% CIs that excluded unity ...
An Analysis of the Time-Delay Characteristics of the Linear Network

Various terms of characteristic delay in linear network are discussed in this paper. The relations between phase delay, envelope delay, group delay, phase intercept delay and network phase are deduced,especially the group delay equation is deduced in detail. And also the relations between various delays and the application of these delays are briefly discussed in this paper.
Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae), a Eurasian Weevil New to North America with a Summary of Other Adventive Larinus in North America and a Key to Species

Abstract. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal, a Palearctic weevil that feeds on thistle species of the genera Cirsium and Carduus (Asteraceae: tribe Cardueae), is newly reported for North America. It was first collected by sweep net sampling of flowers of pasture thistle Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. at Fort Indiantown Gap, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania in late July 2011 and specimens were hand-collected from field thistle Cirsium discolor (Muhl. exWilld.) Spreng. at Gettysburg National Park, Adams County, Pennsylvania in late August 2012. This is the first published record of this Old World species in the Western Hemisphere. At present, five species of the genus Larinus are known as introduced into North America. These are L. turbinatus Gyllenhal, L. carlinae (Olivier) (known formerly as L. planus), L. curtus Hochhuth, L. obtusus Gyllenhal, and L. minutus Gyllenhal. Brief summaries of their hosts, distributions, biology and a key for their separation are provided.
The natural history of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the interferon era

INF-alpha therapy has been a major development in the treatment of CML. Maturing experience has confirmed its ability to induce durable major cytogenetic remissions, which translate into durable long-term disease control, and change in the natural history of the disease. Future studies aimed at improving the percentage and quality of cytogenetic remissions by combining INF-alpha therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents and/or biologicals are needed. The goal would be to identify strategies that can consistently achieve a major cytogenetic response rate of 40% to 50% in the general community setting with acceptable morbidity. Continued studies of the interactions between INF -alpha therapy and transplant strategies will permit the optimization of treatment for each individual patient with CML.
Flying Smartphones: When Portable Computing Sprouts Wings

Lightweight, highly autonomous drones that can actively interact with the world are emerging as the next step-change in consumer electronic technology, much in the same way that smartphones revolutionized personal computing.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, esophagectomy and gastric resection remain morbid procedures for cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy offers patients effective screening and treatment of early-stage cancers. Endoscopic mucosal resection can effectively remove benign and early malignant lesions. This chapter focuses on the use of endoscopic mucosal resection in the upper digestive tract.
Central Control Circuit for Context-Dependent Micturition

Urine release (micturition) serves an essential physiological function as well as a critical role in social communication in many animals. Here, we show a combined effect of olfaction and social hierarchy on micturition patterns in adult male mice, confirming the existence of a micturition control center that integrates pro- and anti-micturition cues. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a cluster of neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) in the pontine micturition center (PMC) is electrophysiologically distinct from their Crh-negative neighbors and sends glutamatergic projections to the spinal cord. The activity of PMC Crh-expressing neurons correlates with and is sufficient to drive bladder contraction, and when silenced impairs micturition behavior. These neurons receive convergent input from widespread higher brain areas that are capable of carrying diverse pro- and anti-micturition signals, and whose activity modulates hierarchy-dependent micturition. Taken together, our results indicate that PMC Crh-expressing neurons are likely the integration center for context-dependent micturition behavior.
Syndromes of Renovascular Hypertension

Renovascular disease (RVD) is a major cause of secondary hypertension and affects mostly older patients, with a prevalence rate for atherosclerotic disease of 6.8 % (defined as vascular occlusion >60 % by duplex ultrasound) in community-based studies of individuals over 65 years of age.
The many genetics of aging.

That genetic factors influence processes of aging appears to be a proposition well accepted in the gerontological literature. The evidence that has been put forth to demonstrate or document this influence is extremely varied. In one context, the difference in longevity among species may be cited; in another, a decline in efficiency of the DNA repair system will be discussed. The apparent classical Mendelian pattern of transmission of the Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome of progeria provides yet further evidence of hereditary factors in aging, as does the resemblance of relatives in longevity.
Novel applications for a noninvasive sampling method of the nasal mucosa

Reliable methods for sampling the nasal mucosa provide clinical researchers with key information regarding respiratory biomarkers of exposure and disease. For quick and noninvasive sampling of the nasal mucosa, nasal lavage (NL) collection has been widely used as a clinical tool; however, limitations including volume variability, sample dilution, and storage prevent NL collection from being used in nonlaboratory settings and analysis of low abundance biomarkers. In this study, we optimize and validate a novel methodology using absorbent Leukosorb paper cut to fit the nasal passage to extract epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from the nasal mucosa. The ELF sampling method limits the dilution of soluble mediators, allowing quantification of both high- and low-abundance soluble biomarkers such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and neutrophil elastase. Additionally, we demonstrate that this method can successfully detect the presence of respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus and markers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the nasal mucosa. Efficacy of ELF collection by this method is not diminished in consecutive-day sampling, and percent recovery of both recombinant IL-8 and soluble mediators are not changed despite freezing or room temperature storage for 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF collection using Leukosorb paper sampling of ELF provides a sensitive, easy-to-use, and reproducible methodology to collect concentrated amounts of soluble biomarkers from the nasal mucosa. Moreover, the methodology described herein improves upon the standard NL collection method and provides researchers with a novel tool to assess changes in nasal mucosal host defense status.
Do baby teeth really matter? Changing parental perception and increasing dental care utilization for young children.

Abstract Introduction Parent/caregivers' inability to recognize the importance of baby teeth has been associated with inadequate self-management of children's oral health (i.e. lower likelihood of preventive dental visits) which may result in dental caries and the need for more expensive caries-related restorative treatment under general anesthesia. Health behavior theories aid researchers in understanding the impact and effectiveness of interventions on changing health behaviors and health outcomes. One example is the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) which focuses on understanding an individual's illness perception (i.e. illness and treatment representations), and subsequently has been used to develop behavioral interventions to change inaccurate perceptions and describe the processes involved in behavior change. Methods We present two examples of randomized clinical trials that are currently testing oral health behavioral interventions to change parental illness perception and increase dental utilization for young children disproportionately impacted by dental caries in elementary schools and pediatric primary care settings. Additionally, we compared empiric data regarding parent/caregiver perception of the chronic nature of dental caries (captured by the illness perception questionnaire revised for dental: IPQ-RD constructs: identity, consequences, control, timeline, illness coherence, emotional representations) between parent/caregivers who did and did not believe baby teeth were important. Results Caregivers who believed that baby teeth don't matter had significantly (P Conclusion These findings support our CSM-based behavioral interventions to modify caregiver caries perception, and improve dental utilization for young children.
Thermodynamics of Blackbody Radiation Via Classical Physics for Arbitrarily Shaped Cavities with Perfectly Conducting Walls

An analysis is carried out involving reversible thermodynamic operations on arbitrarily shaped small cavities in perfectly conducting material. These operations consist of quasistatic deformations and displacements of cavity walls and objects within the cavity. This analysis necessarily involves the consideration of Casimir-like forces. Typically, even for the simplest of geometrical structures, such calculations become quite complex, as they need to take into account changes in singular quantities. Much of this complexity is reduced significantly here by working directly with the change in electromagnetic fields as a result of the deformation and displacement changes. A key result of this work is the derivation that for such cavity structures, classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation is the appropriate spectrum at a temperature of absolute zero to ensure that the reversible deformation operations obey both isothermal and adiabatic conditions. In addition, a generalized Wien displacement law is obtained from the demand that the change in entropy of the radiation in these arbitrarily shaped structures must be a state function of temperature and frequency.
Large-magnitude continental extension in the northeastern Iranian Plateau: Insight from K-feldspar ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar thermochronology from the Shotor Kuh–Biarjmand metamorphic core complex

The Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene tectonic evolution of the Iranian Plateau is not well understood in comparison to its well-studied late Paleogene–Neogene evolution. Exhumation, metamorphism, and changing sedi¬mentary environments are documented away from the plateau margin for this time interval, however the nature and mechanism of deformation in the interior of the Iranian Plateau remains controversial to the point that both compressional and extensional mechanisms are proposed. We use K-feldspar and mica ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar thermochronology to determine the thermal evolution of metamorphic rocks exposed in northeastern Great Kavir Basin on the Iranian Plateau. Multi-domain diffusion modeling of K-feldspar and field relationships reveal a stage of rapid cooling via tectonic exhumation starting in the Late Cretaceous and lasting until the early Eocene. We attribute this to continental extension as being accommodated on detachment faults that exhumed the Shotor Kuh–Biarjmand metamorphic core complex. The metamorphic rocks of this core complex underlie a southeastward-younging structural-stratigraphic sequence that includes at its top Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) carbonates. We interpret this sequence as a crustal section that was exhumed by a NW-dipping master detachment fault. Based on the locations of the syn-extensional detrital rocks we propose that this system accommodated ∼100 km of NW-SE–oriented extension. Our results indicate that extensional deformation started in the Iranian Plateau much earlier (Late Cretaceous) than previously thought (Eocene–Oligocene).
Adjuvant versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC): Analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

4524Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) preceding radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The efficacy of post-RC adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is unpr...
Healthcare Utilization by Frail, Community-Dwelling Older Veterans: A 1-Year Follow-up Study.

OBJECTIVES Frailty is a prevalent clinical syndrome associated with a high risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability, morbidity, and mortality, that has become a major challenge for the healthcare system. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the level of healthcare utilization in prefrail and frail community-dwelling older military veterans. METHODS We studied a cohort of community-dwelling older veterans aged 65 years and older 1 year at the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center to determine their levels of healthcare utilization. We administered the 5-item FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, & Loss of Weight) scale, from which patients were categorized into three groups: robust, prefrail, and frail. Chart reviews were conducted to confirm weight loss and number of illnesses. One year later, information regarding hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and primary care visits was obtained. RESULTS We evaluated 291 participants, mean age 74 ± 8 years, 112 (38.5%) of whom were African American, 179 (61.5%) were white, and 40 (13.7%) were Hispanic. Overall, 49 (16.8%) participants were frail, and 161 (55.4%) prefrail. After adjusting for age and Charlson Comorbidity Index, frail status was associated with ED admission (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-6.1) and primary care visits (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.3); however, it was not significantly associated with hospital admission (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.2). CONCLUSIONS In a sample of community-dwelling older veterans, frailty was found to be significantly associated with an increased frequency of ED visits and primary care visits, but not with hospital admissions. Identifying patients with frailty may allow for targeted interventions that improve healthcare outcomes and may reduce healthcare utilization.
Potential of full human–machine symbiosis through truly intelligent cognitive systems

It is highly likely that, to achieve full human–machine symbiosis, truly intelligent cognitive systems—human-like (or even beyond)—may have to be developed first. Such systems should not only be capable of performing human-like thinking, reasoning, and problem solving, but also be capable of displaying human-like motivation, emotion, and personality. In this opinion article, I will argue that such systems are indeed possible and needed to achieve true and full symbiosis with humans. A computational cognitive architecture (named Clarion) is used in this article to illustrate, in a preliminary way, what can be achieved in this regard. It is shown that Clarion involves complex structures, representations, and mechanisms, and is capable of capturing human cognitive performance (including skills, reasoning, memory, and so on) as well as human motivation, emotion, personality, and other relevant aspects. It is further argued that the cognitive architecture can enable and facilitate true human–machine symbiosis.
Eosinophil-Related Disease and the Skin

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived cells that infiltrate skin and mucous membrane in a broad spectrum of primary and reactive inflammatory diseases and malignancies. The eosinophil has potent proinflammatory activities, particularly, through the effects of its toxic granule proteins. In addition, eosinophils have prothrombotic and profibrotic activities. Eosinophil participation in the pathogenesis of certain diseases without identifiable intact eosinophil infiltration may not be recognized because eosinophil degranulation is poorly visualized on hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histopathology sections. Eosinophil-related pathophysiology can involve virtually every component of skin. Commonly recognized dermatoses associated with eosinophils are arthropod bite and sting reactions and drug eruptions, "bugs and drugs." Skin involvement is common in eosinophil-related systemic diseases including the hypereosinophilic syndromes. Eosinophil-related pathophysiology may play a key role in numerous disorders that, therefore, may benefit from therapies targeted to reduce or eliminate eosinophils.
Clinicopathologic and molecular features in hairy cell leukemia-variant: single institutional experience

Hairy cell leukemia-variant is rare. Only a small number of cases have been reported in the literature with little cytogenetic or molecular data available. In this study, we describe the clinicopathologic and genetic features of 23 patients with hairy cell leukemia-variant (16 men and 7 women) with a median age of 70 years. Most patients had splenomegaly (90%), leukocytosis (77%), and lymphocytosis (82%); no patients had monocytopenia. Histologically, the bone marrow biopsy specimens showed a mixed pattern of predominantly interstitial and lesser intrasinusoidal infiltration by leukemic cells. In bone marrow aspirate smears most cells had villous cytoplasmic features and a small nucleolus. We describe unusual sites of hairy cell leukemia-variant involvement in 4 patients, including brain, omentum, terminal ileum, and skin at the time of initial presentation. Immunophenotyping showed monotypic B-cells positive for pan B-cell antigens, CD11c, and CD103, and negative for CD25 and annexin A1. Conventional cytogenetic or fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed deletions of 17p13/TP53 and 11q22/ATM gene in 5/12 (42%) and 2/9 (22%) cases, respectively. Sequencing of the variable region of IGVH showed mutations (>2% deviation from germline) in 40% of the cases assessed. MAP2K1 mutation (p.C121S) was seen in 1 of 14 (7%) patients tested. No BRAF V600E mutations were detected. The patients were treated in a heterogeneous manner, but most often with therapies designed for classical hairy cell leukemia and the 5-year overall survival was 84%. In summary, hairy cell leukemia-variant exhibits a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features that may overlap with classic hairy cell leukemia and other hairy cell-like B-cell neoplasms. A subset of patients can have an aggressive clinical course. In our experience MAP2K1 mutations are uncommon in this disease.
Developing Leaders in Public Affairs and Administration: Incorporating Emotional Intelligence Training into the Core Doctoral Leadership Course

Educators are increasingly aware of the importance of emotional intelligence (EI) in successful leadership. This paper details the implementation of a suite of EI training and assessment tools into a Ph.D.-level leadership class. The suite of EI training and assessment tools includes poetry-reading, an emotional intelligence test, a behavioral-assessment tool and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Students produce a personal leadership-development plan that incorporates knowledge obtained from the EI tools. The suite of tools is detailed and mapped to Goleman’s (2001) framework of emotional intelligence competencies. The paper provides lessons from the experience of the innovation.
CHILDHOOD SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR: A Developmental Perspective

This article provides an overview of the sociocultural and psychosocial features and implications for treatment of prepubertal suicidal children. It provides cross-sectional and longitudinal information about specific risk factors of prepubertal suicidal behavior with a focus on how these factors also predict future suicidal behavior. A developmental focus addresses issues of cognitive and emotional immaturity as related to early onset suicidal behavior.
Current Density Functional Theory and Orbital Magnetism

The basic motivations and ideas underlying the formulation of the current and spin density functional theory for electronic systems in a magnetic field are reviewed. We emphasize the advantages of using the canonical current as a basic variable, the fundamental constraints imposed by gauge symmetry on the structure of the exchange-correlation energy functional, and the role played by this symmetry in enforcing the conservation laws for the particle density and spin density. Next, we focus on the local density approximation to the exact theory. A generalized Thomas-Fermi theory for density and current is derived. Using this theory, a universal relation between density and current distributions of electronic systems, valid in the limit of large magnetic field, is obtained. The usefulness of this relation is demonstrated in some exactly solvable examples of electrons in parabolic confining potentials. Finally, we present a selection of results from some recent applications of the current-density functional theory: the surface structure of an electron-hole droplet, the current and density distributions of harmonically confined systems, and the ground-state energy of the two-dimensional Wigner crystal.
Worksite Health Promotion: Principles, Resources, and Challenges

Employee health has long been a priority of owners of businesses, small and large. As health care costs continue to escalate, the demand for worksite health promotion programs that improve workers' health and provide a return on investment has never been greater. However, as we close the first decade of the 21st century, the future of worksite health promotion — also known as worksite wellness and more recently employee health and productivity programs — remains uncertain. The purpose of this essay is not to provide a research review or status report on worksite health promotion, as these are available elsewhere (1,2). Rather, the purpose is to remind us that successful worksite health promotion depends on the cooperation and collaboration of many different stakeholders and sectors. The importance of divergent groups working together is illustrated by examining the recent history of worksite health promotion and highlighting key underlying principles and information resources.
Therapeutic Response to Octreotide in Patients with Refractory CPT-11 Induced Diarrhea

Purpose. Severe diarrhea can represent adose-limiting toxicity with the use ofCPT-11. Conventional therapy isineffective in some patients and is alsolimited by patient compliance. We reportour observation on the effectiveness ofoctreotide acetate in the treatment ofCPT-11-induced diarrhea refractory toopioids. Patients and methods. We describe 4 patientswith metastaticgastrointestinal tumors who developedsevere diarrhea following treatment withCPT-11 (65–125 mg/m2/weekly for 4weeks every 6 weeks). Diarrhea wasrefractory to treatment with loperamide anddiphenoxylate and was treated withoctreotide acetate. Results. Complete resolution ofdiarrhea was observed within 2–4 days of octreotideacetate treatment. Three patientsresponded to SC octreotide given every 8hours and the 4th patient tooctreotide given by continuous SC infusion.Conclusions. Our preliminary observation suggestsvalue of octreotide in the control of CPT-11induced refractory diarrhea. Prospectivestudies are warranted.
Mapping the literature of home health nursing.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify core journals in home health nursing and to determine how well these journals were covered by indexing and abstracting services. The study was part of the project for mapping the nursing literature of the Medical Library Association's Nursing and Allied Health Resource Section. Methods: A citation analysis of two core journals was done to determine distribution of references by format types and age of citations and dispersion of the literature, according to Bradford's Law of Scattering. The analysis of indexing coverage for Zone 1 and 2 was also provided. Results: The study showed that 64.2% of citations came from journals, versus 22.9% from books and 12.9% from other publications. PubMed/ MEDLINE rated highest in average indexing coverage of Zone 1 and 2 journals, followed by CINAHL. PsycINFO, SocioAbstracts, and EBSCO Health Business FullTEXT showed practically no coverage for the home health nursing literature. Conclusion: As expected, journal articles were found to be the primary source for referencing and books, the secondary source. In regard to bibliographic control, no databases provided full coverage of the journals in the field of home health nursing. PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL gave better results in combination, because CINAHL tended to cover more nursing journals, while PubMed/MEDLINE did better with medical titles.
2D Materials for Ubiquitous Electronics

The interest in two dimensional (2D) materials is rapidly spreading across all scientific and engineering disciplines due to their exquisite physical properties which not only provides a platform to investigate new and intriguing phenomena but also promises solutions to many imminent technological challenges. With the emergence of the era of Internet of Things (IoT), the 2D layered materials like graphene, MoS2, WSe2, Black Phosphorus, and many more are finding their widespread applications in conventional electronics, flexible electronics, straintronics, self-powered electronics, optoelectronics and even in brain inspired electronics. Low cost and high yield synthesis of pristine quality of these 2D materials is critical towards their commercial implementation. In my talk, I will provide a holistic understanding of 2D materials starting from a novel electrochemical method of synthesizing monolayers of various 2D materials to their eventual ubiquitous applications in various branches of electronics [1]–[20].
Ventricular Pacing in Single-Ventricle Complex Congenital Heart Disease: How Hard it Is to Achieve the Ideal.

The decision to perform cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in adult patients with systolic heart failure is made with the expectation of improving left ventricular function based upon thousands of patient-years of evidence and the knowledge of key factors that indicate potential responders to
Specific delivery of delta-5-desaturase siRNA via RNA nanoparticles supplemented with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid for colon cancer suppression

We have previously demonstrated that DGLA treatment along with Delta-5-Desaturase (D5D) siRNA in various types of cancer cells enhances the formation of 8-HOA from COX-2-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation, which in turn inhibits cancer cell growth and migration. However, delivery of naked siRNA remains a formidable challenge due to its "off-target" effect. In this study, we employed RNA nanotechnology for specific delivery of D5D-siRNA to xenograft colon tumors using 3WJ RNA nanoparticles. When a targeting module, i.e., the EpCAM aptamer, was incorporated, the 3WJ pRNA nanoparticles were able specifically deliver D5D siRNA to human colon cancer HCA-7 cells both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in significant downregulation of D5D expression. Co-treatment with DGLA in combination with 3WJ-EpCAM-siRNA induced a higher DGLA/AA ratio and enhanced formation of 8-HOA at a threshold level, and in HCA-7 tumor-bearing mice, induced significant tumor suppression. We further confirmed that 8-HOA formation, promoted by COX-2-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation, inhibited HDAC and consequently induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Therefore, the 3WJ RNA nanoparticle system holds great promise as a suitable therapeutic delivery platform for colon cancer therapy.
GIS Role in Smart Grid

Public and private industries had taken lots of initiatives to provide reliable quality power to the people at affordable rates in the recent years. One among the initiatives is smart grid, converting traditional grid to Smart Grid. Towards the improvement of the Power Distribution System, distribution companies had faced lots of problems with inadequate data of asset facilities and customer information. This is one area where GIS (Geographical Information System) come into play with Smart Grid. GIS is a framework for gathering, managing and analyzing data to make smarter decisions. GIS provides a link between utility assets and customers information. ArcGIS is a platform used to create, manage, share and analyze spatial data. Using ArcGIS online, I have made an analysis on power plants in California. ‘Which county in California is generating more power using solar power plants?’ will be answered by this analysis. We can apply a similar technique to analysis of other power sources to make better decisions. These types of analysis will be useful for creating future smart grid work orders by utility companies.
A Study of Organic Food Labeling In the United States Compared to Denmark

Organic farming practices produce foods that avoid manufactured fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators (GMOs), and livestock additives. The definition of what is considered organic in the United States is that 95 percent of the ingredient list must be free of synthetic additives and must not be processed using industrial solvents. The goal of the study was to compare organic labeling and certification between the United States and Denmark. The hypothesis is that labeling and regulation will be similar because the food economy is built on a global scale. Researching organic labeling was required in both the United States and Denmark. A study of one food item from each section of the US food pyramid was completed. Then, labeling data was collected in both Danish and American grocery stores. The work required visiting three grocery stores in both countries. The results were organic labeling requirements are different in the US and Denmark. Denmark has a much more stringent level of organic certification, store labels of studied products confirm these differences. The study demonstrated that organic labeling, is very complicated in both the US and Denmark, and there is not a common standard of organic labeling and certification between these two countries.
Low-cost quartz tuning fork based methane sensor for coal mine safety applications

Abstract This paper reports a simple but effective methane sensor based on off-the-shelf quartz tuning forks (QTFs). The operation of the sensor is based on the fact that the presence of methane will increase QTF’s resonant frequency since methane is lighter and less viscous than air. Unlike other resonant gas sensors based on the gravimetric principle, this new QTF sensor is not coated with any sensitive layer to absorb methane molecules, thus minimizing the hysteresis, reducing response and recovery time, and potentially improving long-term stability. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the presence of methane increases the resonant frequency of QTF with a sensitivity of 0.0063 Hz/1% or 0.19 ppm/1% and a detection limit of 0.025% at 0.5 Hz sampling rate. An excellent selectivity to carbon dioxide, which causes a decrease of the resonant frequency, has been illustrated. Temperature, pressure and humidity responses have been characterized. This new methane sensor is expected to meet the requirements of cost, power, size, reliability and explosion permissibility for coal mine safety applications.
Brownian structure in the KPZ fixed point

Many models of one-dimensional local random growth are expected to lie in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. For such a model, the interface profile at advanced time may be viewed in scaled coordinates specified via characteristic KPZ scaling exponents of one-third and two-thirds. When the long time limit of this scaled interface is taken, it is expected -- and proved for a few integrable models -- that, up to a parabolic shift, the Airy$_2$ process $\mathcal{A}:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is obtained. This process may be embedded via the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence as the uppermost curve in an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed system of random continuous curves, the Airy line ensemble. Among our principal results is the assertion that the Airy$_2$ process enjoys a very strong similarity to Brownian motion $B$ (of rate two) on unit-order intervals; as a consequence, the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the law of $\mathcal{A}$ on say $[-1,1]$, with respect to the law of $B$ on this interval, lies in every $L^p$ space for $p \in (1,\infty)$. Our technique of proof harnesses a probabilistic resampling or {\em Brownian Gibbs} property satisfied by the Airy line ensemble after parabolic shift, and this article develops Brownian Gibbs analysis of this ensemble begun in [CH14] and pursued in [Ham19a]. Our Brownian comparison for scaled interface profiles is an element in the ongoing programme of studying KPZ universality via probabilistic and geometric methods of proof, aided by limited but essential use of integrable inputs. Indeed, the comparison result is a useful tool for studying this universality class. We present and prove several applications, concerning for example the structure of near ground states in Brownian last passage percolation, or Brownian structure in scaled interface profiles that arise from evolution from any element in a very general class of initial data.
Trends in Physicians’ Opioid Prescription Patterns Since Implementation of Nevada’s New Controlled Substances Law

On January 1, 2018, in an attempt to curb Nevada’s opioid epidemic, Assembly Bill 474 (AB474) went into effect. The first bill of its kind, AB474 limits healthcare providers’ ability to prescribe n...