cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Getting to the Roots: Early Life Intervention and Adult Health

Many adverse life outcomes have been shown to have their roots in the earliest years of life. Chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and substance abuse, as well as life skills, such as educational and vocational attainment and the ability to form meaningful relationships, are all made more or less likely depending on the quality of in utero and early childhood experiences (1). Giventheenormityoftheseissuesinthelivesofindividuals as well as the costs to society when they go awry, as they frequently do, it is imperative that their common early life roots be understood and that successful interventions be developed, tested, and widely disseminated with adaptations for populations with different backgrounds and risk factors. The evidence is now clear that adverse early life exposures increase disease risk, not only through an increase in unhealthy behaviors, but alsothrough mechanisms intimately tied to physiologic regulation and brain development (2). Landmark research such as the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study and the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study have shown that childhood abuse and neglect are associated with increased risk in adulthood for conditions as diverse as cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression,substanceabuse,andsmoking(3,4).Theseandother studies have shown that childhood poverty, maternal stress during pregnancy, poor maternal-child attachment, and inadequate access to quality nutrition in the in utero and early childhood periods all convey increased risk for later disease (1, 5, 6). Scientific advances are elucidating the physiological, developmental, and epigenetic programming of early life experiences and the mechanisms by which they contribute to adult conditions decades later (6, 7). Given the strong science linking early life exposures and adverse adult outcomes, attention has been turning to developing and studying interventions that may prevent or at least reduce early life adversities. Because of the long lag time between early life exposures and adverse adult outcomes, it is necessary to look at interventions that were done longenoughagotodeterminewhetherareductionindisease
Inter-Rater Agreement for a Retrospective Exposure Assessment of Asbestos, Chromium, Nickel and Welding Fumes in a Study of Lung Cancer and Ionizing Radiation

A retrospective exposure assessment of asbestos, welding fumes, chromium and nickel (in welding fumes) was conducted at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for a nested case–control study of lung cancer risk from external ionizing radiation. These four contaminants were included because of their potential to confound or modify the effect of a lung cancer–radiation relationship. The exposure assessment included three experienced industrial hygienists from the shipyard who independently assessed exposures for 3519 shop/job/time period combinations. A consensus process was used to resolve estimates with large differences. Final exposure estimates were linked to employment histories of the 4388 study subjects to calculate their cumulative exposures. Inter-rater agreement analyses were performed on the original estimates to better understand the estimation process. Although concordance was good to excellent (78–99%) for intensity estimates and excellent (96–99%) for frequency estimates, overall simple kappa statistics indicated only slight agreement beyond chance (k < 0.2). Unbalanced distributions of exposure estimates partly contributed to the weak observed overall inter-rater agreement. Pairwise weighted kappa statistics revealed better agreement between two of the three panelists ( k5 0.19–0.65). The final consensus estimates were similar to the estimates made by these same two panelists. Overall welding fume exposures were fairly stable across time at the shipyard while asbestos exposures were higher in the early years and fell in the mid-1970s. Mean cumulative exposure for all study subjects was 520 fiber-days cc 21 for asbestos and 1000 mg-days m 23 for welding fumes. Mean exposure was much lower for nickel (140 mg-days m 23 ) and chromium (45 mg-days m 23 ). Asbestos and welding fume exposure estimates were positively associated with lung cancer in the nested case–control study. The radiation–lung cancer relationship was attenuated by the inclusion of these two confounders. This exposure assessment provided exposure estimates that aided in understanding of the lung cancer–radiation relationship at the shipyard.
Retrograde Cannulation of the Thoracic Duct and Embolization of the Cisterna Chyli in the Treatment of Chylous Ascites

The authors offer a previously undescribed technique for cisterna chyli embolization in the treatment of chylous ascites. After the failure of conventional percutaneous direct cisterna chyli cannulation, the authors accessed the thoracic duct directly from the subclavian vein. Retrograde microcatheter access through the thoracic duct enabled embolization of the cisterna chyli. Embolization materials included fibered endovascular coils, gelatin sponge, and doxycycline. The patient's symptoms returned 10 days after embolization. This technique provided short-term success in the treatment of the patient's chylous ascites.
Flow-induced dilation of rat soleus feed arteries

Flow-induced dilation is thought to contribute to dilation of skeletal muscle arteries and arterioles during exercise hyperemia. We sought to determine whether rat soleus feed arteries (SFA) exhibi...
Occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hospital workers.

We conducted a 4-year (1/89–12/92) retrospective cohort study among employees at a large metropolitan hospital where a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred. We compared the risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion among employees who worked on wards where patients with culture-confirmed TB were cared for (“exposed”) with the risk among employees who worked on wards with no such patients (“unexposed”). Exposed employees had a higher 4-year risk of TST conversion (14.5%) than unexposed employees (1.4%) (adjusted relative risk 13.4; 95 percent confidence interval 5.1–35.2). Exposed employees had significantly higher risks of conversion than unexposed employees during 1989–91, but not for 1992. Among the exposed, ward clerks had a risk of conversion (15.6%) only slightly lower than nurses (18.2%). We conclude that employees who worked in areas where patients with active M. tuberculosis infection were cared for, including workers who did not provide direct patient care, had a higher risk of TST conversion than employees who did not work in these areas. Reasons for the decline in risk over time include outbreak termination, fewer admissions of patients with TB, implementation of effective infection control measures, and possible resistance to infection in some members of the study population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:528–534, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intellectual disability and faith communities: perspectives of Catholic religious leaders

Faith communities create community and are important to many individuals with intellectual disability. However, relatively little is known about how intellectual disability is construed among faith leaders and the inclusion of people with intellectual disability in faith communities. To address these gaps in knowledge, we interviewed 12 Catholic priests, parochial vicars, and deacons to explore: their experiences with individuals with intellectual disability; their beliefs towards the involvement of individuals with intellectual disability within faith communities; and how religion informs their understanding of intellectual disability. We identified five religiously-anchored narratives of intellectual disability, and explore implications for individuals with intellectual disability and faith communities.
Double‐quantum surface‐coil NMR studies of sodium and potassium in the rat brain

Double-quantum filtered and conventional single-pulse sodium and potassium NMR spectra were obtained from in situ rat brain at 7.0 T, using a surface coil. In contrast to the ca. 14% decrease observed in single-pulse sodium NMR spectra upon death, increases as large as ca. 800% were observed in double-quantum filtered sodium spectra. Conversely, a ca. 26% increase was observed in single-pulse potassium spectra upon death, while double-quantum filtered potassium spectra decreased below the noise level, for the shortest preparation time used. The decay rate of double-quantum sodium coherence in the in situ rat brain after death was dependent upon the double-quantum preparation time: this behavior results from the nonuniformity of the brain, and may be related to physiological com-partmentalization. The potential application to sodium NMR imaging of cerebral functionality is briefly discussed. © 1991 Academic Press. Inc.
Abnormal central visual pathways in the brain of an albino green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)

The visual pathways of an albino green monkey have been studied electrophysiologically and by autoradiographic methods. The monkey had a white coat and pink eyes; it had a strabismus and a nystagmus. When comparisons were made with normal macaque and green monkeys, several abnormalities could be defined. In the retina there was no foveal pit. A whole mount preparation showed a central area of high ganglion cell density in which the ganglion cells were significantly larger than the most central ganglion cells of a normal monkey. More peripheral retinal areas showed an apparently normal distribution of ganglion cell sizes and packing densities. Within the optic tract the number of uncrossed retinofugal fibers was less than normal, the part of the tract that represents central vision showing almost no uncrossed component. The uncrossed input to the lateral geniculate nucleus and to the superior colliculus was similarly reduced. Regions normally receiving ipsilateral afferents from the central retina were innervated exclusively by crossed afferents. The pathways to the magnocellular geniculate layers showed a more extensive abnormality than did the pathways to the parvicellular layers. Not only were the afferents to the geniculate layers abnormal, but the laminar pattern in the nucleus was also abnormal. The distinction between magno- and parvicellular layers was less clear than normal in some parts of the nucleus, and there were a number of abnormal laminar fusions. Within the visual cortex it was possible to demonstrate a normal mapping of the contralateral visual field through the contralateral nasal retina and through the peripheral parts of the ipsilateral temporal retina. The central parts of the temporal retina mapped abnormally in the contralateral visual cortex, so that there was a monocular map of the central parts of the visual field forming as a mirror reversal of the normal map. The normal map of the contralateral hemifield formed columns that alternated with the abnormal map of the ipsilateral hemifield. The peripheral parts of the visual field were represented as ocular dominance columns, demonstrable electrophysiologically and also by the transneuronal transport of 3H-proline.
Vitamin E and heart disease: a case study

The role of nutritional epidemiology studies in the development of nutritional recommendations has been controversial, in part because individual studies supporting either side of a given issue can often be identified. Several sets of criteria for inference of a causal relation between a dietary factor and a disease from epidemiologic studies have been suggested. One such set is that of Sir Austin Bradford Hill, which includes criteria such as strength of association, dose-response relation, consistency of association, temporally correct association, specificity of association, and biological plausibility. Another set of criteria, used by the US Preventive Services Task Force, ranks evidence according to study design, designating evidence from randomized controlled trials as superior to evidence from cohort or case-control studies, which are in turn superior to evidence from ecologic studies or opinions of respected authorities. The application of these criteria to the question of whether vitamin E intake is associated with coronary heart disease is examined here. It is suggested that the epidemiologic evidence from prospective cohort studies generally supports an inverse association of vitamin E intake and risk of coronary heart disease. The information available from randomized trials is limited but suggestive of an inverse association with nonfatal, but not with fatal, coronary events. It is suggested that the application of criteria for causal inference to specific questions in nutritional epidemiology may provide clarity to seemingly contradictory information.
Nitric oxide synthase in spinal cord central sensitization following intradermal injection of capsaicin

Nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be an important messenger molecule in signal transduction pathways that enhance nociceptive transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). The role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) I and II, which synthesize NO, in central sensitization induced by an intradermal capsaicin injection was investigated. To elucidate whether changes in NOS I and NOS II activities caused by capsaicin injection contribute to behavioral changes, responses to von Frey filaments with two different innocuous bending forces applied on the rat foot were tested. The allodynic responses induced by capsaicin injection in the foot were partially reversed by the administration of either the selective NOS I inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NINA), or the selective NOS II inhibitor, 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT). To confirm changes at the level of single nociceptive neurons, extracellular recordings were made from rat dorsal horn neurons. The electrophysiological results showed that increased responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli caused by capsaicin injection were blocked by either 7-NINA or AMT delivered through a microdialysis fiber inserted through the dorsal horn. Finally, the expression of both NOS I and NOS II in the spinal cord as demonstrated by Western blots was increased by 20 min following intradermal capsaicin injection in the rat foot. These results suggest that both NOS I and NOS II are upregulated following intradermal capsaicin injection and that both cause NO release that contributes to the secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia following this noxious chemical stimulus.
Criteria for selecting microhaplotypes: mixture detection and deconvolution.

DNA sequencing is likely to become a standard typing method in forensics in the near future. We define a microhaplotype to be a locus with two or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur within a short segment of DNA (e.g., 200 bp) that can be covered by a single sequence run and collectively define a multiallelic locus. Microhaplotypes can be highly informative for many forensic questions, including detection of mixtures of two or more sources in a DNA sample, a common problem in forensic practice. When all alleles are equally frequent, the probability of detecting three or more alleles in a mixture is at maximum. The classical population genetics concept of effective number of alleles at a locus, termed Ae, converts the unequal allele frequencies at a locus into a value that is equivalent to some number of equally frequent alleles, allowing microhaplotype loci to be ranked. The expectations for the ability to qualitatively detect mixtures are given for different integer values of Ae, and the cumulative probabilities of detecting mixtures based on testing multiple microhaps are shown to exceed 95% with as few as five loci with average Ae values of even slightly greater than 3.0. Microhaplotypes with Ae values of >3 will be exceedingly useful in ordinary forensic practice. Based on our studies, 3-SNP microhaplotypes will sometimes meet this criterion, but 4-SNP microhaplotypes can even exceed this criterion and have values >4.
Measurement-based admission control with aggregate traffic envelopes

The goal of admission control is to support the quality-of-service demands of real-time applications via resource reservation. We introduce a new approach to measurement-based admission control for multiclass networks with link sharing. We employ adaptive and measurement-based maximal rate envelopes of the aggregate traffic flow to provide a general and accurate traffic characterization that captures its temporal correlation as well as the available statistical multiplexing gain. In estimating the applications' future performance, we introduce the notion of a schedulability confidence level which describes the uncertainty of the measurement-based "prediction" and reflects temporal variations in the measured envelope. We then devise techniques to control loss probability for a buffered multiplexer servicing heterogeneous and bursty traffic flows, even in the regime of a moderate number of traffic flows, which is important in link-sharing environments. Finally, we have developed an implementation of the scheme on a prototype router and performed a testbed measurement study, which together with extensive trace-driven simulations illustrates the effectiveness of the approach in practical scenarios.
On the latency and fairness characteristics of pre-order deficit round Robin

In the emerging high-speed packet-switched networks, fair packet scheduling algorithms in switches and routers will form an important component of the mechanisms that seek to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of various applications. The latency bound of a scheduling discipline is an important QoS parameter, especially for real-time playback applications. Frame-based schedulers such as Deficit Round Robin (DRR), though extremely efficient with an O(1) dequeuing complexity, lead to high latencies due to bursty transmissions of each flow's traffic. In recent work by Tsao and Lin [Computer Networks 35 (2001) 287], the authors propose a novel scheme, called Pre-order DRR, which overcomes this limitation of DRR while still preserving a low work complexity. In Pre-order DRR, a priority queue module, appended to the original DRR scheduler, re-orders the packet transmission sequence and thus distributes the output more evenly among flows, reducing burstiness and improving the latency. In this paper, we use a novel technique to analytically derive the latency bound of Pre-order DRR and we prove that our bound is a tight one. Our latency bound is significantly lower than the bound derived by Tsao and Lin, demonstrating that Pre-order DRR has even better performance characteristics than previously argued by its own authors. We further study the fairness properties of Pre-order DRR using a recently proposed measure of instantaneous fairness that seeks to more accurately capture the fairness of a scheduler. Using real router traffic traces, we present simulation results that demonstrate that Pre-order DRR achieves better fairness characteristics than other scheduling disciplines of equivalent complexity.
INDUSTRIAL LICENSING, BRIBERY AND ALLOCATION EFFICIENCY*

In less developed countries where an industrial licensing policy governs the entry of new firms, and when government officials awarding these licenses are corrupt, an incumbent firm may deter entry by bribing the official to deny the license. The paper demonstrates that such bribery can lead to the exclusion of more efficient firms from the market. This contradicts the established result that bribery does not affect allocation efficiency.
IgE-binding proteins in almonds (Prunus amygdalus) identification by immunoblotting with sera from almond-allergic adults.

The allergenicity of three raw almond varieties (Nonpareil, Mission and Carmel) and three types of processed almonds (blanched, blanched-roasted, and almond butter) were examined and compared by immunoblotting using sera eight almond-allergic individuals. Serum from the 8 individuals exhibited unique IgE-binding patterns with most of the binding activity occurring with proteins of molecular weights between 30,000 and 70,000 daltons. Two major allergens were identified with molecular weights of ca 70,000 and 45,000–50,000 daltons, with each of these proteins binding to sera from 4 of the 8 allergic individuals. The immunoreactivity of the larger one was reduced by heat processing, while the smaller one was not affected.
Should thiopental sodium administration be a standard of care for open cardiac procedures

In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Drs. Metz and Slogoff’ present convincing evidence that thiopental sodium, administered either as a continuous infusion beginning before aortic cannulation or as a bolus immediately prior to weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, is associated with a low incidence of gross neurologic deficits following open cardiac procedures, including aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair or replacement, double valve procedures, or left ventricular aneurysmectomy. These data represent the most recent of an impressive series of studies from the Texas Heart Institute, in which the investigators have defined risk factors associated with postoperative neurologic deficits,2 have demonstrated that a continuous infusion of thiopental reduces the incidence of gross deficits following open cardiac procedures3 and, in the present study,’ suggest that the use of a lower dose, bolus regimen of thiopental administration can hasten postoperative extubation without increasing the incidence of neurologic deficits. From a clinical perspective, these data must be included in any assessment of whether thiopental should be administered routinely during open cardiac procedures. That assessment requires the answer to two questions. First, are these data sufficiently compelling to prompt a change in management? Second, are the complications associated with thiopental administration acceptable? Are these data compelling? The answer to that question necessitates a brief review of the types of neurologic complications that have been attributed to cardiac procedures. Those deficits include gross neurologic deficits, subtle neurologic deficits, and changes in cognitive function that are evident on careful neuropsychologic testing. In the present study, the authors concentrated primarily on gross neurologic deficits and frankly abnormal behavior or ideation. There is little question that gross neurologic deficits are the brain-related complications of greatest concern to patients, families, and physicians. Recent evidence suggests they are also expensive, substantially extending the duration of hospitalization.4 One
Projection display market trends

The projection display industry is now a multi-billion dollar market comprising an expanding variety of technologies and applications. Growth is being driven by a combination of high volume consumer products and high value business demand. After many years of marginal, but steady performance improvements, essentially all types of projectors have crossed the threshold of acceptability and are now facing accelerated continuing growth. Overall worldwide unit sales of all types of projection displays for all applications will nearly double from 1.6 million units in 1996 to 2.8 million units in 2002. By value at the end user price, the global projector market will grow modestly from 6.3 billion dollars in 1996 to 7.7 billion dollars in 2002. Consumer television will represent the largest share of unit consumption over this time period; in 1996, this application represents 72 percent of the total unit volume. The second major application category for projection displays is the business or presentation projector, representing only 14 percent of the unit shipment total in 1996, but 50 percent of the value.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Brief A new proof of the Jury test

The problem of determining the root distribution of a real polynomial with respect to the unit circle, in terms of the coefficients of the polynomial, was solved by Jury in 1964. The calculations were presented in tabular form (Jury's table) and were later simplified by Raible in 1974. This result is now classical and is as important in the stability analysis of digital control systems as its continuous time counterpart, the Routh Hurwitz criterion is for the stability analysis of continuous time control systems. Most texts on digital control state the Jury test but avoid giving the proof. In this paper we give a simple, insightful and new proof of the Jury test. The proof is based on the behavior of the root-loci of an associated family of polynomials that was introduced in recent literature. The proof reveals clearly the mechanism underlying the counting of the roots within and without the unit circle.
CASE STUDY: Use of Modified Phosphate-Buffered Saline as a Component of Semen Extenders Allows the Use of Transported Semen from Two Stallions

Conception rates for mares bred with transported-cooled and fresh stallion semen were collected over a 4-yr period (1998–2002) for two stallions. Both stallions stood at a commercial breeding farm. Semen from both stallions was used immediately after collection on the farm and after 24 to 48 h of cold storage when transported to locations in the U.S. and Canada. Semen for insemination of mares located on the farm was extended with a commercially available skim milk glucose extender (SKMG). Spermatozoal motility following cold storage for spermatozoa diluted in SKMG extender was unacceptable. Thus, semen from both stallions was centrifuged, and spermatozoa were resuspended in SKMG supplemented with modified PBS. In a previous study, the percentage of motile spermatozoa increased following centrifugation and reconstitution of the sperm pellet in SKMG-PBS as compared with semen dilution in SKMG (Stallion A: 15% vs 47%; Stallion B: 18% vs 43%). In the current study, 22 of 25 (88%) and 3 of 4 (75%) mares conceived with transported-cooled semen from Stallions A and B, respectively. Conception rates for mares inseminated with transported semen did not differ (P>0.05) from those inseminated on the farm with fresh semen. These data illustrate that stallion owners can modify standard cooled semen processing procedures and semen extender composition to improve post-storage spermatozoa motility and to obtain acceptable fertility.
Synthesis and characterization of telluride aerogels: Effect of gelation on thermoelectric performance of Bi 2Te 3 and Bi 2-xSb xTe 3 nanostructures

The synthesis and characterization of Bi2Te3 and Bi2–xSbxTe3 aerogel materials, and the effect of gelation on thermoelectrically relevant properties, is reported. Aerogels are prepared from oxidation of discrete thiolate-capped nanoparticles to yield a wet gel, followed by supercritical CO2 drying. The resultant aerogels have surface areas between 36 and 45 m2/g. Characterization of the thermoelectric properties of hot-pressed pellets of Bi2Te3 aerogels suggested a decrease in lattice thermal conductivity with respect to the bulk materials, attributed to the effect of nanostructuring, but the power factor (S2σ) was also reduced due to the effect of adventitious doping. In the case of Bi2–xSbxTe3 aerogels, there was no change in the lattice thermal conductivity upon nanostructuring, but again the power factor was reduced with respect to bulk materials. This is attributed to the presence of excess tellurium, which led to compensation of the majority charge carriers. Proper carrier concentration optimization...
Vitamin C supplementation, APOE4 genotype and cognitive functioning in a rural-dwelling cohort

Objective Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype has been implicated as a moderating factor in cognitive function studies. Although prior studies have suggested that vitamin C is associated with better cognitive function in elders, link between the two has been mixed. Limited data exist as to whether the APOE4 genotype influences these associations. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the association between vitamin C and cognition in a rural community dwelling cohort differs by the APOE4 genotype.
Finite element analysis of mechanical stability of coarsened nanoporous gold

Abstract The mechanical stability of nanoporous gold (np-Au) at various stages of thermal coarsening is studied via finite element analysis under volumetric compression using np-Au architectures imaged via X-ray nano-tomography. As the np-Au is coarsened thermally over ligament sizes ranging from 185 to 465 nm, the pore volume fraction is determinant for the mechanical stability of the coarsened np-Au, unlike the curvature and surface orientation of the ligaments. The computed Young's modulus and yield strength of the structures are compared with the Gibson–Ashby model. The geometry of the structures determines the locations where stress concentrations occur at the onset of yielding.
Antibody Response of Various Strains of Rubella Virus When Inoculated into Rabbits

SummaryThe inoculation of New Zealand white rabbits with four low passage or wild rubella virus strains and four vaccine strains gave differences in antibody response and virus shedding. These differences can be useful as markers of strain differences and for studies of mechanisms of attenuation. The low passage wild virus strains produced high antibody levels and variable amounts of virus shedding. The vaccine strains resulted in little or no antibody and no virus shedding.
Mechanical Decoupling of Graphene from Ru(0001) by Interfacial Reaction with Oxygen

Using in situ surface microscopy, we study the processes associated with the intercalation and reaction of oxygen at the graphene/Ru(0001) interface. The decoupling of the graphene from the metal d...
Flexible Teflon Nanocone Array Surfaces with Tunable Superhydrophobicity for Self-Cleaning and Aqueous Droplet Patterning

Tunable hydrophobic/hydrophilic flexible Teflon nanocone array surfaces were fabricated over large areas (cm2) by a simple two-step method involving the oxygen plasma etching of a colloidal monolayer of polystyrene beads on a Teflon film. The wettability of the nanocone array surfaces was controlled by the nanocone array dimensions and various additional surface modifications. The resultant Teflon nanocone array surfaces were hydrophobic and adhesive (a “gecko” type of surface on which a water droplet has a high contact angle but stays in place) with a contact angle that correlated with the aspect ratio/sharpness of the nanocones. The surfaces switched to a superhydrophobic or “lotus” type of surface when hierarchical nanostructures were created on Teflon nanocones by modifying them with a gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) film. The nanocone array surfaces could be made superhydrophobic with a maximum contact angle of 160° by the further modification of the AuNPs with an octadecanethiol (C18SH) monolayer. Additio...
Analysis of some shopping cold source energy efficiency test and energy saving reformation recommendations

Based on some shopping concentrated air-conditioning system cold source tests,the article analyzed the efficiency level of the system,and pointed out the problems according to operating status,and proposed a set of feasible system management recommendations such as optimal selection of chilled water pumps,ice storage transformation etc.
Assignment of Core versus Antenna Fucosylation Types in Protein N-Glycosylation via Procainamide Labeling and Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Fucosylation is an important feature of protein N-glycosylation as it has been reported to influence the efficacy of therapeutic proteins and as a potential disease biomarker. A common approach for characterizing protein N-glycans is to analyze the native glycans via tandem mass spectrometry (MS). However, tandem MS analysis of native N-glycans typically results in proton migration, which in turn leads to fucose residue migration from the glycan core to the antenna and vice versa. This phenomenon ultimately leads to ambiguous assignment of N-glycan fucosylation. Although the use of specific fucosidases has been successfully employed for assigning fucosylation, such strategies are often too cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming for routine N-glycan analysis. As an alternative, we explore the influence of labeling N-glycans with procainamide hydrochloride to inhibit fucose migration during tandem MS analysis. The labeled N-glycan pool was separated and analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatograp...
Jane Addams and the Dream of American Democracy

(2004). Jane Addams and the Dream of American Democracy. Jean Bethke Elshtain. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 282-288.
Quantitative analysis and imaging of subsurface heterogeneities using spatially structured illumination

Illumination with structured light allows for subsurface imaging and the determination of the optical properties over a large area. Both the average and the spatial variation of the optical properties can be determined.
Modern designs: history and memory in Le Corbusier’s Chandigarh

AbstractLocated at the foothills of the Sivalik Mountains, Chandigarh was the dream city of independent India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1952, Nehru commissioned the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier to design Chandigarh. Scholars often locate in Corbusier’s plans an urban modernity that required a break with the past. Moving away from such scholarship, this article will argue that Chandigarh marked a climactic moment in Le Corbusier’s career when he tried to weave together modern architecture with tradition, and through it, human beings with nature. A careful study of the cosmic iconography of Chandigarh clearly reveals that nature for Le Corbusier was more than a vast expanse of greenery: it was organized in symbolic ways, as a cosmic form emblematic of Hindu mythologies. I will argue that in addition to local conditions – economic and cultural – that impacted the actual execution of Le Corbusier’s plans, cosmic iconography shaped a modernism profoundly reliant on Hindu traditions. Th...
A habitat classification scheme for seamount landscapes: assessing the functional role of deep-water corals as fish habitat

Seamounts are drowned volcanoes rising from abyssal depths. Fishes on seamounts exploit a range of landscape features that likely enhance probabilities of prey capture and reduce predator success. The epifaunal community on seamounts is dominated by suspension-feeders of which deep-water corals are a dominant element. Such taxa are widespread components of seamount landscapes but their functional role in mediating the distribution and abundance of fishes remains unknown. Here we propose a hierarchical habitat classification matrix, which includes deep-water corals, as a foundation for partitioning seamount landscapes in which fishes are observed. This scheme is based on our observations of fish distributions from the New England Seamounts, as well as literature review. Features of an idealized seamount landscape were divided at multiple spatial scales and included features at habitat class, subclass and microhabitat levels. Habitat classes were divided by major sediment types (i.e., basalt, fine grained sediments). Habitat subclasses included pavement, ridges, walls, ledges and tubes for basalt substrates and flat sediment, ripples and waves for fine-grained sediments. Microhabitat features were classified as flow related features, emergent structures (i.e., geologic and biologic including deep-water corals), and other biogenic structures (e.g., coral debris, depressions, burrows). Variations in the distribution of structures at multiple spatial scales can influence boundary flows and the ability of fishes to search for prey (e.g., where active searching by swimming can occur, where pelagic prey delivery is sufficient when station-keeping) and avoid predators (e.g., the ability to efficiently exhibit various avoidance behaviors such as shelter seeking). Placing fish abundance data in such a matrix of habitat types enables a variety of statistical approaches for testing for non-random distributions of fishes on seamounts and quantifying the functional role of corals as fish habitat.
Of Dice and Women: Gambling and Exchange in Native North America

Although archaeologists have had success in documenting the movement and distribution of “trade goods,” they often fail to specify the actual social mechanisms by which such goods are shunted across archaeological landscapes. A thesis is developed that in Native North America gambling was one common mechanism for intergroup exchange. Particular attention is paid to dice games that, according to ethnographic accounts, were often played primarily by women. Building upon the pioneering compilation by Stewart Culin, game paraphernalia, playing rules, as well as odds and payoffs associated with wagering are described and mapped. The social and mythological contexts of dice games are also reviewed. Results indicate that making hitherto neglected links among exchange, gender, and gambling promises novel and more culturally informed ways of approaching the archaeological record.
False Belief Performance of Children Adopted Internationally.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among adoption, individual, and family variables on false belief performance of children adopted internationally (CAI). Method Using a...
Popular memory at Ground Zero: A heterotopology of the National September 11 Memorial and Museum

ABSTRACTThis article adopts a heterotopological approach to the spatial organization of the National September 11 Memorial and Memorial Museum. We argue that although numerous organizational stakeholders, such as the families of 9/11 victims, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, the New York Police Department, and the Port Authorities, had monolithic propositions about how to commemorate 9/11, the National September 11 Memorial and Museum ended up transforming into a heterotopic space marked by contestations, juxtapositions, and contradictions. Although many wanted to simply tell a unified tale about heroism and resilience, the social constructions of Ground Zero space have resisted monolithic historical accounts of remembrance despite the influential forces of utopian visions. This analysis contributes to the study of spatial and mnemonic representations by demonstrating the uses of heterotopology as a heuristic tool for unpacking polysemic and polyvalent spaces of commemoration that may otherwis...
Cytological and Ultrastructural Aspects of Dimorphism

Until the late 1960s, when the electron microscope became widely available to the mycologist, methods of light microscopy were used for the study of the dimorphic fungi. Such studies employed fixed cellular suspensions or slide cultures to observe the transition from one growth form to the other. However, these studies were confined to gross observations of the transition process due to the resolution limitations of the light instrument. Nevertheless, one must be impressed with the careful attention given to the subject by the various investigators, since many of their findings have been subsequently confirmed by more recent studies using the electron microscope.
A hybrid cloud read aligner based on MinHash and kmer voting that preserves privacy.

Low-cost clouds can alleviate the compute and storage burden of the genome sequencing data explosion. However, moving personal genome data analysis to the cloud can raise serious privacy concerns. Here, we devise a method named Balaur, a privacy preserving read mapper for hybrid clouds based on locality sensitive hashing and kmer voting. Balaur can securely outsource a substantial fraction of the computation to the public cloud, while being highly competitive in accuracy and speed with non-private state-of-the-art read aligners on short read data. We also show that the method is significantly faster than the state of the art in long read mapping. Therefore, Balaur can enable institutions handling massive genomic data sets to shift part of their analysis to the cloud without sacrificing accuracy or exposing sensitive information to an untrusted third party. Outsourcing computation for genomic data processing offers the ability to allocate massive computing power and storage on demand. Here, Popic and Batzoglou develop a hybrid cloud aligner for sequence read mapping that preserves privacy with competitive accuracy and speed.
Newsgames – Journalism Innovation through Game Design

Created and maintained by American University's GameLab and School of Communication, https://edspace.american.edu/jolt/newsgames/Reviewed June 2017Games have been a part of journalism since at leas...
Cervicothoracic Kyphosis (Dropped Head Deformity) Surgery Complication

Cervicothoracic kyphosis is a complex group of disorders frequently associated with chin-on-chest deformities which can significantly affect the patient’s ability to maintain horizontal gaze, produce pain, and cause severe functional disability. Accompanying these disorders frequently are neuromuscular conditions like myopathies and chronic inflammatory arthropathies like ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis, creating further challenges in managing these deformities. Unlike the thoracolumbar deformities, substantial efforts have not been made to characterize clinical presentations, apply standardized classification systems, define optimal treatment approaches, describe operative complication rates, and present structured clinical outcomes for adult cervical deformities. Health professionals providing nonoperative and surgical care for these patients are left to make important treatment decisions based on a combination of personal experience, anecdotal experience of colleagues and experts, and relatively small, often single-surgeon or single-center, retrospective case reports or case series in the literature. This has posed a great challenge in counseling such patients regarding the prognosis and explaining to them the possible complications following surgery for cervical and cervicothoracic deformities. Based on the approach, surgical invasiveness, performance of osteotomies, and surgeon expertise, early postoperative complications have ranged from 20 to 80% including medical complications, dysphagia, postoperative C5 nerve palsy, surgical site infections, and early instrumentation failure. Mid- to long-term complications include pseudoarthrosis, hardware failure, and adjacent segment and junctional pathologies. We present a case of ankylosing spondylitis with cervicothoracic kyphosis operated for deformity correction developing subsequent distal junctional kyphosis.
Changes in the body composition of monkeys during long-term exposure to high acceleration fields.

Adult, 10−14 kg, male pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were subjected to continuous centrifugation for 7 months in acceleration fields up to 2.5 g. Several major parameters of body composition, body-fluid distribution, and hematology were evaluated at various levels of high g by in vivo analytical techniques. Statistically significant decreases in total body mass, lean body mass, total body water, extracellular water content and interstitial water content proportional to the level of high g were also demonstrated. Body cell mass, total body fat, dry body mass, lean body solids, and red cell volume did not change significantly. Significant decreases in red cell count, blood hemoglobin level and venous hematocrit value accorded with the plasma volume and red cell volume findings. Total plasma protein concentration did not change significantly. The results indicate a substantial loss of total body mass in the form of body water. The loss apparently occurred from the interstitial spaces of the body in the face of a sizeable increase in plasma volume. Physiological significance of the body composition and fluid distribution changes at high g is discussed and compared to the changes described for astronauts at low g. Current theory of fluid-balance physiology favors the concept that interstitial volume and blood volume are tightly coupled and change in the same direction. However, it appears that the changes which occur where the ambient acceleration field is varied may represent an exception to the general hypothesis for the regulation of the extracellular fluid volume.
Contraindications to Living Donation from an ILDA Perspective

This chapter provides an overview of independent living donor advocate (ILDA)-identified contraindications to living organ donation, informed by the ILDA role as an unbiased advocate throughout the evaluation process, and utilizing key concepts of informed consent. These can be categorized broadly as lack of desire to proceed; lack of understanding of risks/benefits; or presence of coercion. This chapter also explores elements of understanding and preparedness in donation decision-making factors, offers practice tools, and describes strategies for documentation and communicating ILDA-identified findings with the prospective donor and the transplant team.
Detection Thresholds of Cutaneous Sensations in Health and Disease in Man

In considering the mechanisms by which spinal cord systems transfer, modulate, and integrate incoming sensory signals, it is necessary to know something about the location and structure (see Winklemann, Chapter 2) and the properties of the cutaneous and deep receptors that transduce physical and chemical events impinging on them from the external and internal environment (Light and Perl, 1981; Boyd and Smith, 1984; Crago, 1984). As crucial to our understanding of sensory transduction as are the physical and electrophysiological studies of receptors is the information obtained from psychophysical responses evoked by stimuli transduced by these receptors. Cutaneous sensory detection thresholds in man with respect to site, sex, age, and disease are thus the focus of this chapter.
To Bot or Not? Challenging the Top Social Media Influencers in #PlasticSurgery.

BACKGROUND The influence of social media on plastic surgery continues to be explored. Prospective patients may seek out surgeons with greater number of followers. Recently, companies selling Twitter bots have been exposed. The authors sought to examine the number of fake users, practice types, and the content of tweets broadcasted by top influencers in plastic surgery. METHODS Top 100 influencers were identified. The influencers were categorized into academic versus private practice and sorted according to their board-certification status. Among each board-certification status, the top five influencers of each category (American Board of Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, international plastic surgeon, other physician, nonphysician) were determined, and their 300 most recent tweets were analyzed for educational, promotional, or personal content. Fake bots among respective followers were identified by TwitterAudit. RESULTS Private practice surgeons represented 68 percent of the top tweeters. Academicians were only 8 percent. American board-certified surgeons represented 55 percent of the top tweeters. Compared with American board-certified surgeons, nonphysicians had a higher number of fake bots. Among the 7500 tweets that were analyzed, nonphysicians were more likely to have promotional and less likely to have educational posts when comparing to board-certified American or international plastic surgeons. CONCLUSIONS Plastic surgeons are quick to adapt to the dynamic and evolving nature of social media. However, academic surgeons are poorly represented among the top influencers. Although top influencers are board-certified plastic surgeons, they continue to occupy only a fraction of the total discourse on plastic surgery.