cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Galactic Cosmic-Ray Modulation Using a Solar Minimum MHD Heliosphere: A Stochastic Particle Approach

An example of Galactic cosmic-ray modulation in a fully three-dimensional heliosphere is presented here. We use a stochastic particle method to solve for modulation without requiring symmetric boundaries or fields. We include all typical modulation terms, including full three-dimensional drift. We have applied this to an MHD heliosphere appropriate for solar minimum conditions. This field includes nonradial solar wind velocity components, as well as a built-in nonspherical termination shock. Parameters that are of interest in modulation can be analyzed in detail, particularly the momentum change of cosmic rays during their transport through the heliosphere. We show radial profiles of modulation at different energies, latitude, and longitude, as well as the more traditional modulated spectra at various locations. Finally, we are able to show in detail where particles at a particular energy and location gain and lose energy. We are able to conclude that the radial profiles of modulation are strongly dependent on the latitudinal angle with respect to the stagnation point. We see that modulation of GCRs near the stagnation point takes place mostly upstream of the shock but that modulation continues far outside the shock as the stochastic particles will random walk across the shock several times before entering our observation region. The modulation profiles remain similar with differing longitude, although the exact shape of the radial profile and spectra are strongly dependent on the termination shock location. Cosmic-ray intensity at high energies can be higher than the ISM intensity, while at low energies cosmic rays still experience solar modulation. The termination shock and heliosheath regions were important to modulation in the outer heliosphere. Finally, the sign of the latitudinal gradient is not a simple function of the qA direction, in general.
Stability and transport characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes using cyanide rinse waters

Abstract The recovery of cyanide rinse water using commercially available membranes (DESAL 3, MS10, SW30HR) is the objective of this work. Accordingly, flux, rejection, pretreatment and stability studies were carried out with these thin-film, composite, reverse osmosis membranes. The transport properties of membrane sections were tested using both cyanide rinse waters and NaCl solutions for flux and rejection on a flat-sheet test module after long term exposure to copper cyanide solutions. While SW30HR exhibited good chemical stability, DESAL3 and MS10 were not stable after exposure to high pH solutions for up to 6 months. Pretreatment studies were carried out on SW30HR membranes for flux enhancement in order to improve the recovery of the reverse osmosis system. SW30HR pretreated with ethanol exhibited a five-fold increase in water flux accompanied by an increase in ion rejection. Similar high fluxes and high rejection of principal bath constituents were exhibited by the SW30HR membrane when copper cyanide rinse water solutions were employed as the feed. These results indicate that this type of pretreated reverse osmosis membranes may have significant utility for reprocessing of copper cyanide rinse waters.
Direct control of the magnetic interaction between iron oxide nanoparticles through dendrimer-mediated self-assembly.

Cationic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were assembled using a series of anionic polyamidoamine dendrimers. The resulting assemblies featured systematically increasing average interparticle spacing over a 2.4 nm range with increasing dendrimer generation. This increase in spacing modulated the collective magnetic behavior by effective lowering of the dipolar coupling between particles. The results obtained in these studies deviate from the predicted dependence of collective behavior on interparticle spacing, suggesting that a dense assembly of magnetically “free” particles can exist with a surprisingly small space between particles.
Hepatic exstrophy complicating Poland's anomaly.

Poland's anomaly is comprised of a constellation of anomalies. To be included in the syndrome, a child must have a deficiency of the pectoralis major and minor muscles and an associated anomaly of either the ipsilateral breast or hand. Associated defects may include syndactyly osseous and cartilagenous costal aplasia and adactyly. A case of hepatic exstrophy through a full-thickness chest wall defect in an infant with Poland's anomaly is reported.
Splenic and perisplenic involvement in acute pancreatitis: determination of prevalence and morphologic helical CT features.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence and morphologic helical CT features of splenic and perisplenic involvement in patients with acute pancreatic inflammatory disease in correlation with the severity of the pancreatitis. Method: One hundred fifty-nine contrast-enhanced helical CT scans of 100 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed retrospectively and independently by three observers. CT scans were scored using the CT severity index (CTSI): Pancreatitis was graded as mild (0-2 points), moderate (3-6 points), and severe (7-10 points). Interobserver agreement for both the CTSI and the presence of splenic and perisplenic involvement was calculated (K statistic). Correlation between the prevalence of complications and the degree of pancreatitis was estimated using the Fisher exact test. Results: The severity of pancreatitis was graded as mild (n = 59 scans), moderate (n = 82 scans), and severe (n = 18 scans). Splenic and perisplenic abnormalities detected included perisplenic inflammatory fluid collections (95 scans, 58 patients), narrowing of the splenic vein (35 scans, 25 patients), splenic vein thrombosis (31 scans, 19 patients), splenic infarction (10 scans, 7 patients), and subcapsular hemorrhage (2 scans, 2 patients). No cases of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm formation, intrasplenic venous thrombosis, intrasplenic pseudocysts, or abscesses were detected. The interobserver agreement range for scoring the degree of pancreatitis and the overall presence of abnormalities was 75.5-79.2 and 71.7-100%, respectively. A statistically significant difference between the presence of abnormalities and the severity of pancreatitis was observed (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Splenic vein thrombosis (19%) and splenic infarction (7%) are relatively common CT findings in association with acute pancreatitis. The CTSI proves to be accurate in predicting these complications as there is a statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of these complications and the severity of pancreatitis.
Thermal conductivity measurements of alumina powders and molded Min-K in vacuum

Abstract Experiments were performed to measure the thermal conductivities of two-particle sizes of alumina (Al2O3) powder (1.0 and 0.01 μm) and molded Min-K insulation materials in vacuum. The thermal conductivity data are correlated as a function of temperature, from 340 to 900 K, to within ±10% and ±5% for the Al2O3 and Min-K, respectively. The Min-K thermal conductivity is the lowest and least dependent on temperature. For the same hot and cold side temperatures, the conductance of the Min-K is ∼2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the lateral conductance of 60 and 240 molybdenum multifoil insulation, respectively. The conductance of the Min-K, however, is about an order of magnitude lower than the axial conductance of both the 60 and 240 molybdenum multifoil insulation.
Pathways of Peer Relationships from Childhood to Young Adulthood.

Abstract This study examined trajectories of peer social preference during childhood and personality assessed in early adolescence in relation to trajectories of friendship quality during early adulthood. Participants (N = 585) were followed from ages 5 to age 23. At ages 5 to 8, peers provided sociometric nominations; at age 12 participants reported their own personality characteristics; from ages 19 to 23 participants rated their friendship quality. Latent growth modeling revealed that trajectories characterized by high levels of childhood peer social preference were related to trajectories characterized by high levels of early adulthood friendship quality. Early adolescent personality characterized by extraversion and conscientiousness predicted higher friendship quality at age 19, and conscientiousness predicted change in friendship quality from ages 19 to 23. This study demonstrates that peer relationships show continuity from childhood to early adulthood and that qualities of core personality are linked to the development of adult friendships.
Film boiling from a downward-facing curved surface in saturated and subcooled water

Abstract Film boiling from a downward-facing curved surface in saturated and 5 K, 10 K, and 14 K subcooled water was investigated experimentally. Local and surface average Nusselt number correlations developed for both saturation and subcooled conditions were within ± 10% of data. Surface rewetting in saturation boiling was hydrodynamically driven, but thermally driven in subcooled boiling. Consequently, surface rewetting in the former occurred earlier at higher q min ; the critical film thickness prior to rewetting, however, was higher than that at 10 K and 14 K subcooling, but lower than at 5 K subcooling. Surface rewetting occurred first at lowermost position, θ = 0°, then sequentially at higher inclinations. For saturation boiling, the critical film thickness was ∼85 μm and 180 μm at θ = 0° and 8.26°, respectively. For subcooled boiling at θ = 0° the critical film thickness (∼50 μm) was smaller; it increased, however, with increased inclination and decreased subcooling, reaching ∼175 μm at θ = 8.26° and 5 K subcooling.
Liquid Materials and Flow Processes in Reduced Gravity

Fluid states are central to melt and vapor processing. Fluids flow. As they do they convect heat, solutes, and inclusions. Liquid/gas interfaces have tension. Their importance rises when scale is small or effective gravity low. The forces that move fluids and mold fluid interfaces are recounted here. Fundamentals of viscous flow, convective transport, and capillary phenomena are summarized with special attention to the roles of gravity in liquid processing. Research needs are highlighted.
Telomeric and dispersed repeat sequences in Candida yeasts and their use in strain identification.

Several different repetitive DNA sequences have been isolated from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. These include two families of large dispersed repeat sequences (Ca3, Ca24) and a short (23-bp) tandemly repeated element (Ca7) associated with C. albicans telomeres. In addition, a large subtelomeric repeat (WOL17) has been cloned. DNA fragments containing the telomeric repeats are highly variable among different C. albicans strains. We have shown that the Ca3 repeat is relatively more stable and is suitable for use as a species-specific and strain-specific probe for C. albicans. Images
Scan chain and power delivery network synthesis for pre-bond test of 3D ICs

Pre-bond testing of 3D ICs improves yield by preventing bad dies and/or wafers from being used in the final 3D stack. However, pre-bond testing is challenging because it requires special scan chains and power delivery mechanism. Any 3D scan chains that traverse multiple dies will be fragmentized in each individual die during pre-bond testing. In this paper we study the scan chain and power delivery network synthesis for pre-bond testing of 3D ICs. The testing of individual dies is facilitated by the addition of dedicated probe pads for power delivery and scan IO as a form of design-for-testing. We investigate the impact of scan-chain Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) on power consumption and voltage drop. We also study the requirements of power probe pads for power delivery during pre-bond structural test.
Wideband properties of space-fed overlapped subarray feeds

Narrowband space-fed (lens) scanning arrays have played a major role in many military and commercial applications. Space-fed arrays with incorporated time delay have not found many ready applications because of network losses, complexity, and more recently because of a perceived incompatibility with active solid state module technology. This paper demonstrates that a feed array with transmit/receive (T/R) modules can in some cases accommodate wideband radiation with efficient use of the active sources.
A software fault injection tool on real-time Mach

Ensuring that a distributed real-time system with strict dependability constraints meets its prescribed specification is a growing challenge that confronts software developers and system engineers. This paper reports on a software fault injection tool, called SockPFI, for testing the fault tolerance and timing behavior of distributed real-time applications. SockPFI, developed on Real-Time Mach, can be used to test socket-based distributed real-time applications on this platform without modifying the source code of the target protocol. The SockPFI tool is based on the concept of script-driven probing and fault injection. It is explicitly designed to address some of the intrusiveness associated with fault injection of distributed systems, and in particular, with real-time protocols. The paper describes the design and implementation of SockPFI on Real Time Mach, and a demonstration of the tool on a real-time primary-backup replication protocol.
Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale

Remotely sensed data for Southeastern United States (Standard Federal Region 4) are used to examine the scale problems involved in reporting landscape pattern for a large, heterogeneous region. Frequency distribu- tions of landscape indices illustrate problems associated with the grain or resolution of the data. Grain should be 2 to 5 times smaller than the spatial features of interest. The analyses also reveal that the indices are sensi- tive to the calculation scale, i.e., the unit area or extent over which the index is computed. This "sample area" must be 2 to 5 times larger than landscape patches to avoid bias in calculating the indices.
Flooding on California's Russian River : Role of atmospheric rivers

[1] Experimental observations collected during meteorological field studies conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration near the Russian River of coastal northern California are combined with SSM/I satellite observations offshore to examine the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in the creation of flooding. While recent studies have documented the characteristics and importance of narrow regions of strong meridional water vapor transport over the eastern Pacific Ocean (recently referred to as atmospheric rivers), this study describes their impact when they strike the U.S. West Coast. A detailed case study is presented, along with an assessment of all 7 floods on the Russian River since the experimental data were first available in October 1997. In all 7 floods, atmospheric river conditions were present and caused heavy rainfall through orographic precipitation. Not only do atmospheric rivers play a crucial role in the global water budget, they can also lead to heavy coastal rainfall and flooding, and thus represent a key phenomenon linking weather and climate.
The vectorial release of nascent protein from membrane-bound thyroid ribosomes.

The puromycin-mediated vectorial discharge of newly-formed unfinished proteins was examined in calf thyroid microsomes labeled in vitro with 14C-leucine. Labeled control and puromycin- treated microsomes were solubilized with 0.25% sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and separated into submicrosomal fractions. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into acid-precipitable material by thyroid ribosomes reached a plateau after about 10 min. Following the addition of 0.5 irai puromycin, there was a rapid discharge of radioactivity from the ribosomes, accompanied by an increase in trie radioactivity of the DOC-soluble fraction and a smaller increase of labeled acid-precipitable material in the incubation medium. The DOC-soluble fraction was further fractionated by dilution with water (1:4) and overnight centrifugation into a diluted DOC supernatant and a reconstituted membrane fraction. The pellet from this overnight centrifugation appeared to represent a reconstituted membrane fraction on the basis of the phospholipid/protei...
Analysis and design of rotationally invariant trellis codes

Describes a method for transforming a given trellis code into a rotationally invariant code with little of no loss in performance. The method uses the state transition matrix and the rotational symmetries of the constellation to accomplish this. We demonstrate it by transforming the 8-state Ungerboeck code to a 90/spl deg/ rotationally invariant code with the same free Euclidean distance. >
Abrasivity testing of filled epoxy resins

The epoxy resins used to encapsulate automotive ignition coils and other high voltage electrical devices typically contain filler material in order to reduce the cost and to improve the material properties of the cured epoxy. However, these filler materials are abrasive and, as such, detrimental to epoxy encapsulation equipment. The abrasivity of two epoxy resins with different filler types was quantified using the ASTM G 75 Slurry Abrasion Response Number test method. The testing showed the type of filler material used greatly affects the wear of materials typically used in the construction of epoxy encapsulation equipment. Fillers with a lower Mohs hardness cause less wear. High wear areas in encapsulation equipment should be built with high hardness materials. In particular, chromium oxide ceramic shows promise as a wear reducing coating.
Clinical and Functional Correlates of Early Microvascular Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation

Background— Microvascular dysfunction is emerging as a strong predictor of outcome in heart transplant recipients. At this time, the determinants and consequences of early microvascular dysfunction are not well established. The objective of the study was to determine the risk factors and functional correlates associated with early microvascular dysfunction in heart transplant recipients. Methods and Results— Sixty-three heart transplant recipients who had coronary physiology assessment, right heart catheterization, and echocardiography performed at the time of their first annual evaluation were included in the study. Microvascular dysfunction was assessed using the recently described index of microcirculatory resistance. The presence of microvascular dysfunction, predefined by an index of microcirculatory resistance >20, was observed in 46% of patients at 1 year. A history of acute rejection and undersized donor hearts were associated with microvascular dysfunction at 1 year, with odds ratio of 4.0 (1.3–12.8) and 3.6 (1.2–11.1), respectively. Patients with microvascular dysfunction had lower cardiac index (3.1±0.7 versus 3.5±0.7 L/min per m2; P =0.02) and mild graft dysfunction measured by echocardiography-derived left and right myocardial performance indices ([0.54±0.09 versus 0.43±0.09; P <0.01] and [0.47±0.14 versus 0.32±0.05; P <0.01], respectively). Microvascular dysfunction was also associated with a higher likelihood of death, graft failure, or allograft vasculopathy at 5 years after transplant (hazard ratio, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.04–5.91]). Conclusions— A history of acute rejection during the first year and smaller donor hearts were identified as risk factors for early microvascular dysfunction. Microvascular dysfunction assessed using index of microcirculatory resistances at 1 year was also associated with worse graft function and possibly worse clinical outcomes.
Social Responsibility: The Concept As Defined by Apparel and Textile Scholars

Eighty-seven members of the International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) completed an electronic survey focused on the scholarly activities in which they are engaged that relate to social r...
Identification of aortic thrombus by magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract The unique properties of magnetic resonance imaging result in the potential to differentiate various components of the diseased arterial wall. In this article four cases are presented in which magnetic resonance imaging showed mural aortic thrombus and its anatomic relationship to the visceral and renal arteries. Once thrombus is identified and localized specific operative strategies can be undertaken to prevent recurrent embolic events and/or avoid perioperative thromboembolic complications. (J Vasc Surg 1989;9:801–5.)
A Logic Programming and Expert Statistical Systems Approach for Tissue Characterization in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The main research goal has been to evaluate significant factors affecting the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters T, T, T2, and 1H density. This approach differs significantly from other such projects in that the experimental data analysis is being performed while concurrently developing automated, computer-aided analysis software for such MRI tissue parameters. In the experimental portion of the project, statistical analyses, and a heuristic minimum/maximum discriminant analysis algorithm have been explored. Both methods have been used to classify tissue types from 1.5 Tesla transaxial MR images of the human brain. The developing program, written in the logic programming language Prolog, is similar in a number of ways to many existing expert systems now in use for other medical applications; inclusion of the underlying statistical data base and advanced statistical analyses is the main differentiating feature of the current approach. First results indicate promising classification accuracy of various brain tissues such as gray and white matter, as well as differentiation of different types of gray matter and white matter (e.g.: caudate-nucleus vs. thalamus, both representatives of gray matter; and, cortical white matter vs. internal capsule as representative of white matter). Taking all four tissue types together, the percentage of correct classifications ranges from 73 to 87%.
Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based On-Chip Microwave Phase and Spectrum Analyzer

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based microwave detector is proposed and investigated. When the MTJ is excited by microwave magnetic fields, the relative angle between the free layer and pinned layer alternates, giving rise to an average resistance change. By measuring the average resistance change, the MTJ can be utilized as a microwave power sensor. Due to the nature of ferromagnetic resonance, the frequency of an incident microwave is directly determined. In addition, by integrating a mixer circuit, the MTJ-based microwave detector can also determine the relative phase between two microwave signals. Thus, the MTJ-based microwave detector can be used as an on-chip microwave phase and spectrum analyzer.
Antisense expression of the 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor (EcR) in transfected mosquito cells uncovers a new EcR isoform that varies at the C-terminal end

The insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone initiates a cascade of regulatory events in a temporal and tissue-specific manner by first binding to a complex of an ecdysone receptor (EcR) protein and a ultraspiracle protein. Using an antisense (As) ribonucleic acid approach, we show that disruption of EcR expression in transfected C7-10 cells from the mosquito Aedes albopictus affects survival and growth. From stably transfected cells, we recovered a new isoform of A. albopictus AalEcRa, which is named AalEcRb. The deduced amino acid sequence of AalEcRb was almost identical to that of AalEcRa, with the exception of a seven amino acid sequence near the C-terminus. Using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme analysis, we found that AalEcRa is the predominant species expressed by wild-type C7-10 cells, while cells transfected with As-EcR expressed both isoforms at approximately equal levels.
Gender Differences in Behçet's Disease Associated Uveitis

Behcet’s disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, characterized by oral and genital ulceration, skin lesions, and uveitis as well as vascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal system involvement. It is prevalent in the Middle East, Mediterranean, and Eastern Asia. The aim of this review is to evaluate the gender differences in clinical manifestations of Behcet’s disease, treatment responses, mortality, and morbidity. Behcet’s disease has been reported to be more prevalent in males from certain geographic regions and particular ethnic groups; however, recent reports indicate more even gender distribution across the world. There are gender differences in clinical manifestations and severity of the disease. Ocular manifestations, vascular involvement, and neurologic symptoms are more frequently reported in male patients whereas oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and arthritis occur more frequently in female patients. The disease can have a more severe course in males, and overall mortality rate is significantly higher among young male patients.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Ebola Viruses Causing Disease in Human and Nonhuman Primates

Ebola (EBO) viruses were detected in specimens obtained during the hemorrhagic fever outbreak among humans in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in 1995 (subtype Zaire) and during an outbreak of disease in cynomolgus macaques in Alice, Texas, and the Philippines in 1996 (subtype Reston). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays were developed and proven effective for detecting viral RNA in body fluids and tissues of infected individuals. Little change was seen in the nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences of the glycoprotein (GP) of these EBO virus subtypes compared with those of their original representatives (i.e., the 1976 Yambuku, DRC, EBO isolate [subtype Zaire] and the 1989 Philippines and Reston, Virginia, isolates [subtype Reston]). The nonstructural secreted GP (SGP), the primary product of the GP gene, was more highly conserved than the structural GP, indicating different functional roles or evolutionary constraints for these proteins. Significant amounts of SGP were detected in acutely infected humans.
Distinct or shared actions of peptide family isoforms: I. Peptide-specific actions of pyrokinins in the lobster cardiac neuromuscular system.

Although the crustacean heart is modulated by a large number of peptides and amines, few of these have been localized to the cardiac ganglion (CG) itself; most appear to reach the CG only by hormonal routes. Immunohistochemistry in the American lobster, Homarus americanus , indicates that pyrokinins are present not only in neuroendocrine organs (pericardial organ and sinus gland), but also in the CG itself, where pyrokinin-positive terminals were found in the pacemaker cell region, as well as surrounding the motor neurons. Surprisingly, the one pyrokinin peptide identified from H. americanus , FSPRLamide, which consists solely of the conserved FXPRLamide residues that characterize pyrokinins, did not alter the activity of the cardiac neuromuscular system. However, a pyrokinin from the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , (ADFAFNPRLamide; i.e ., Penaeus vannamei pyrokinin 2 (PevPK2)) increased both the frequency and amplitude of heart contractions when perfused through the isolated whole heart. None of the other crustacean pyrokinins tested (another from L. vannamei and two from the crab, Cancer borealis ) had any effect on the lobster heart. Similarly, altering the PevPK2 sequence either by truncation or by the substitution of single amino acids resulted in much lower or no activity in all cases; only the conservative substitution of serine for alanine at position 1 resulted in any activity on the heart. Thus, in contrast to other systems (cockroach and crab) in which pyrokinins have been examined and shown to elicit similar bioactivities, activation of the pyrokinin receptor in the lobster heart appears to be highly isoform-specific.
Fast Food Intake in Relation to Employment Status, Stress, Depression, and Dietary Behaviors in Low-Income Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women

Objective This study explored fast food intake as a potential mediator of the relationships among employment status; stress; depression; and fruit, vegetable, and fat intakes by race (African American vs. Non-Hispanic White) and body mass index (BMI category: overweight vs. obesity). Methods Low-income overweight and obese pregnant women (N = 332) were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children in Michigan. Path analysis was performed to explore mediation effects by race and BMI category. Results Fast food intake mediated the relationship between employment status and fat intake (p = 0.02) in Non-Hispanic White women, but no mediation effect was detected in African American women. For overweight women, fast food intake mediated the relationship between employment status and fat intake (p = 0.04) and the relationship between depression and vegetable intake (p = 0.01). Also, fast food intake partially mediated the relationship between depression and fat intake (p = 0.003). For obese women, fast food intake mediated the relationship between employment status and fat intake (p = 0.04). Conclusion Fast food is an important topic for nutrition education for overweight and obese pregnant women. Future interventions may be more successful if they address issues associated with employment status (e.g., lack of time to plan and cook healthy meals) and depressive mood (e.g., inability to plan meals or shop for groceries when coping with negative emotions).
Solubilities of CO2 and Helium in an Ionic Liquid Containing Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Gen 0

In this study, measurements of the solubilities of pure carbon dioxide, pure helium, and a feed mixture of 40% CO2–He balance were carried out in the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumdicyanamide ([bmim][DCA]). Measurements were also made in its solution containing 20 wt % and 30 wt % poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer Gen 0 with and without moisture. A pressure-decay dual-transducer apparatus was employed at temperatures of 323, 353, 363, and 373 K and at pressures up to 1.38 MPa (∼200 psig). Henry’s law constants of pure CO2 and pure helium were determined at different temperatures for the ionic liquid. Pseudo-Henry’s law constants for each of CO2 and helium in a 40%–60% feed gas mixture were also determined. Solubility selectivities of carbon dioxide to helium for all liquid absorbents were also calculated at each temperature. Carbon dioxide was absorbed much more in these studied liquids, compared to helium. In addition, carbon dioxide absorption increased considerably when the amine was added...
Cardiac sensitivity to hyperkalemia in adrenalectomized dogs.

SummaryIn dogs with bilateral adrenal-ectomy loaded with K by infusion of 2 mEq KCl/kg/hr there is a marked increase of cardiac sensitivity to hyperkalemia. Typical ECG changes begin at lower serum K levels (5-6 mEq/1) and the prelethal arrhythmias that signal the imminent onset of fatal ventricular fibrillation or asystole appear when mean serum K is 7.6 mEq/1, 2.9 mEq/1 above the average pre-infusion level. In control dogs, ECG changes start above 8 mEq K/liter, and prelethal arrhythmias appear between 9.5 and 10.2 mEq/1, a mean increase of 5.6 mEq/1 above the average preinfusion level.We wish to acknowledge our thanks to Mr. George Bonorris for the statistical analyses and Ms Eleanor Chapman for the chemical determinations.
THE ONTOGENY OF POSTCRANIAL INTEGRATION IN THE COMMON TERN, STERNA HIRUNDO.

Empirical and theoretical work supports the concept that developmentally or functionally related characters tend to covary and hence evolve together. However, the dynamics of the developmental processes that establish within population covariance structures are not well understood. This paper focuses on a description of the relative growth of 16 postcranial skeletal elements during embryonic and posthatching development in the common tern, Sterna hirundo, and on a comparative analysis of ontogenetic and adult patterns of variation. Multivariate methods are used to assess the relative contributions of general growth and size-independent "shape" transformations during three major development phases. The observed patterns of integration generally correspond to functional units that tend to show greater relative growth during development immediately preceding when a unit will first be functionally required. Such age-dependent functional adaptations provide an opportunity for selection to act directly on ontogenies with consequences that will be age dependent. Size and shape contributions to adult covariances, which tend to be generated during different phases of development, appear to reflect ontogenetic integration patterns characteristic of periods when global constraints, such as overall size, are most relaxed, but more localized constraints, most likely linked to age-dependent functional requirements, are relatively intense.
Low -Cost UAV Avionics for Autonomous Antenna Calibration

This paper di scusses the implications of using low -cost avionics for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) . An application in field calibration of antennas is described, where a small helicopter is equipped with a custom sensor and flight computer package for sta bilizing hover at desired positions. Differences in computational complexity are discussed as they relate to using a low -cost main processor as opposed to a more powerful one. Alternative methods for data processing to reduce the computing load are also pr esented . A solution to the low -cost low -complexity issue is presented along with simulation results suggesting its feasibility.
Implementation of Efficient Transcoding from MPEG-2 to AVS

The variety makes data transition among different standards more and more important.In this paper a realization scheme of the transcoding from MPEG-2 to AVS is proposed,the complexity of which can be reduced by reusing the information gathered in the video decoding process.
CAUSE ANALYSIS FOR STALL OF AXIAL FANS OPERATING IN PARALLEL

The stall of a forced draft fan and a primary air fan for boiler no.2 in one power plant has been analysed.Through test and inspection,it was found that the main cause leading to stall of the forced draft fan is reversely installed the outlet guide blades,and that leading to stall of the primary air fan is most higher ventilation resistance and most higher outlet temperature of the coal pulveri-zer.After retrofitting,no stall appears again on the said forced draft fan and the primary air fan.
Lorca and the Spanish Theatre

In 1930 one of Spain’s leading editors and critics wrote, ‘Probably the only contemporary writer who holds any authority over the public is Benavente. His works might not please the opening night critics, but he is allowed to say anything he wants to say and in whatever form he chooses.’1 The extraordinary intelligence and productivity of the Nobel Prize-winning dramatist Jacinto Benavente (1866–1954), enabled him virtually to dominate the commercial theatre in Spain for over three decades. Benavente’s own ascent had begun just at the turn of the century when another Nobel Prize-winner, Jose de Echegaray, enjoyed the same public adulation and box office success that Benavente was soon to attain. Echegaray’s tendentious verse melodramas whose sensationalistic treatments of such themes as alcoholism, incest, adultery and madness always justified themselves with the conventionality of their moral view, gave way in a relatively short time to Benavente’s far more sophisticated, polished and witty comedies and tragi-comedies that began to capture the attention of the wealthy and conservative urban bourgeoisie.
Weak Topologies. Reflexive Spaces. Separable Spaces. Uniform Convexity

We begin this chapter by recalling a well-known concept in topology. Suppose X is a set (without any structure) and \({({Y_i})_{i \in I}}\) is a collection of topological spaces.
Conceptual Models and Guidelines for Clinical Assessment of Financial Capacity

The ability to manage financial affairs is a life skill of critical importance, and neuropsychologists are increasingly asked to assess financial capacity across a variety of settings. Sound clinical assessment of financial capacity requires knowledge and appreciation of applicable clinical conceptual models and principles. However, the literature has presented relatively little conceptual guidance for clinicians concerning financial capacity and its assessment. This article seeks to address this gap. The article presents six clinical models of financial capacity : (1) the early gerontological IADL model of Lawton, (2) the clinical skills model and (3) related cognitive psychological model developed by Marson and colleagues, (4) a financial decision-making model adapting earlier decisional capacity work of Appelbaum and Grisso, (5) a person-centered model of financial decision-making developed by Lichtenberg and colleagues, and (6) a recent model of financial capacity in the real world developed through the Institute of Medicine. Accompanying presentation of the models is discussion of conceptual and practical perspectives they represent for clinician assessment. Based on the models, the article concludes by presenting a series of conceptually oriented guidelines for clinical assessment of financial capacity. In summary, sound assessment of financial capacity requires knowledge and appreciation of clinical conceptual models and principles. Awareness of such models, principles and guidelines will strengthen and advance clinical assessment of financial capacity.
EFFECT OF BASELINE AORTIC REGURGITATION ON MORTALITY IN THE CORE VALVE US PIVOTAL HIGH RISK TRIAL

Background: Aortic regurgitation (AR) after TAVR is commonly due to PVL and has been associated with an adverse prognosis. A prevailing hypothesis is that the typically small, hypertrophied LV in AS does not tolerate AR, as does the more compliant LV in chronic severe AR. We hypothesized pre-
Nomenclatural changes within West Indian Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

The genus Styloleptus Dillon, 1956 belongs in the Acanthocinini, one of the largest tribes within the subfamily Lamiinae. This tribe has been plagued by a myriad of taxonomic problems due to the cryptic and extremely variable morphology. There are currently 22 species within the genus Styloleptus and they are mainly restricted to the West Indies (Monne & Bezark, 2010) with all of them occurring there except one that is found only in Central America (Belize). Two other species reach the US mainland. One of them, S. biustus LeConte, 1852, is the type-species.
Finite-Difference Convection Errors

Finite-difference methods are making possible more complete mathematical models of aquatic ecosystems than was previously possible with only analytical methods. A basic component of most models of aquatic ecosystems involves the convection or movement of materials by flowing waters. The errors associated with several finite-difference models of convection are investigated. These errors were found to distort results in ways that are not easily detected. The tendency to numerically spread or mix materials was found to be a common error, along with production of oscillation and a tendency to skew distributions. A method of estimating and controlling these errors is developed and investigated.
Device and application of quantum well photodetectors for terahertz region

We report on the progress of devices and applications of quantum-well photodetectors (QWIP) for the terahertz (~ 110 THz) spectrum region. We discuss device design and show that the device dark current can by effectively reduced by employing wider quantum barriers. We demonstrate several GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs for different peak wavelength with background limited infrared performance (BLIP). We report experimental results on intersubband absorption spectra, measured using multi-pass waveguide geometry. We show that the experimentally measured intersubband energy levels agree excellently with the theoretical simulations, provided that many-body effects are taken into consideration, including exchange-correlation and depopulation effects. We report the results of QWIP photo-current spectra and detector responsivity. We discuss the high frequency capability of THz-QWIP and present experimental results of device time response measured using microwave rectifi cation technique. We discuss its application in free space terahertz communication in combination with a terahertz quantum cascade laser (QCL). We discuss the terahertz to near infrared (THz-to-NIR) optical upconversion using a monolithic integration of THz GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP and NIR GaAs/AlGaAs LED, and its potential applications in terahertz imaging.
Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.

Increasing numbers of individuals, particularly the elderly, suffer from neurodegenerative disorders. These diseases are normally characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells and compromised motor or cognitive function. Previous studies have proposed that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may have complex roles in promoting the disease development. Research has shown that neuron cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content in membranes, high oxygen consumption, and weak antioxidant defense. However, the exact molecular pathogenesis of neurodegeneration related to the disturbance of redox balance remains unclear. Novel antioxidants have shown great potential in mediating disease phenotypes and could be an area of interest for further research. In this review, we provide an updated discussion on the roles of ROS in the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinocerebellar ataxia, as well as a highlight on the antioxidant-based therapies for alleviating disease severity.
Perceived Diagnosticity of Virtual Try-on Technologies and Attitudes toward the Product: A Case for Male Consumers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of virtual try-on technologies on male consumers' perceived diagnosticity, attitude, and purchase intentions. The conceptual model investigated perceived risk as a mediator between perceived diagnosticity and attitude toward the suit. A within-subjects research design was developed to empirically test the conceptual model. Participants were directed to a website to virtually try Hugo Boss suits in different sizes on their personalized avatars. A total of 264 usable data were collected. Perceived diagnosticity of virtual try-on technology was found to play an important role in reducing male consumers' perceived risk regarding fit of products. Findings suggest that menswear e-tailers and technology developers should continue to develop and implement virtual try-on technologies and provide detailed visual information regarding attributes (e.g., garment, color, size, fit, and appearances on the body) of products to enhance perceived diagnosticity, thus increasing male consumers' attitudes towards the products.
Gendered orphan kits, authority, power and the role of rumor in the woodlands of Mozambique

AbstractRecipient communities often distribute humanitarian aid in unexpected ways that reveal critical power dynamics and relationships. This article examines a case involving ‘orphan kits’ distributed by the staff of an international non-governmental organization in Mozambican woodland communities. The kits contained food and school supplies allocated according to a strict gender distribution mandate, which was of secondary importance compared with local obligations tied to enduring matrilineal social relations. Families divided the kits among kin and allocated a portion of the kits to local leaders as tribute. The seemingly simple act of leaders placing orphans on a list can signify the future arrival of much-needed support while also sparking fears of disciplinary powers governing family structures, labor and culturally and politically oppositional lives. Rumors narrate the effects of particular list-making procedures, allowing families to observe, interpret and express ideas about coercive and produc...
Test Focus Selection for Integration Testing

Object-oriented software systems contain large number of modules which make unit testing, integration testing, and system testing very difficult and challenging. While the aim of unit testing is to show that individual modules are working properly and the aim of the system testing is to determine whether the whole system meets its specifications, the aim of integration testing is to uncover errors in the interactions between system modules. However, it is generally impossible to test all connections between modules because of time and budget constraints. Thus, it is important to focus the testing on the connections presumed to be more error-prone. The goal of this work is to guide software testers where in a software system to focus when performing integration testing to save time and resources. This paper proposes a new approach to predict and rank error-prone connections. We use method level metrics that capture both dependencies and internal complexity of methods. We performed experiments on several Java applications and used error seeding techniques for evaluation. The experimental results showed that our approach is effective for selecting the test focus in integration testing.
Association between Disturbances in Gastrointestinal Transit and Functional Bowel Disease

Although irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has classically been defined with regard to colonic symptoms,1 mounting evidence points to a diffuse motility disturbance in many patients with IBS.2 Further, as discussed elsewhere in this volume, specific functional disorders of esophageal, gastroduodenal, small intestinal, and colonic motility are being recognized as our ability to measure gastrointestinal electrophysiology, motility, and transit has improved. In this chapter, we will summarize the evidence for altered GI transit in IBS and delineate the relationship, if any, between altered transit of luminal contents and symptoms in IBS. Because of its relationship to IBS, we will also summarize the evidence for stress-related changes in normal GI transit. Finally, treatment regimens which may reverse these disturbances in GI transit, and their associated symptoms, will be discussed.
Intellectual Property and Antitrust Limitations on Contract

In a consistent framework, both the antitrust and intellectual property laws should point toward the same goal: the maximization of social welfare. The attainment of this goal suggests that both sets of laws should be harmonized to attain this common goal and come to a joint solution with respect to the use/creation tradeoff. This paper examines the state of antitrust and intellectual property right protection for software, and finds little evidence that both sets of laws are being applied in a consistent manner. An examination of how the antitrust laws are applied to intellectual property industries finds little consideration of the unique appropriability and free riding problems that face intellectual property owners. As a result, antitrust enforcement has been hostile to intellectual property contracting and intellectual property industries, and to the maximization of dynamic efficiency. Further, static, ex-post competition arguments are now being used in support of weakening copyright protection. The outcome of this two-pronged attack is unlikely to yield a rational solution to the use/creation tradeoff.