cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogenous populations of cytotoxic cells in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice immunized with allogeneic EL4 leukemia cells.

Abstract Adherent cells, presumably macrophages, obtained from the peritoneal cavity shortly after rejection of the allogeneic leukemia EL4, produced effective cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in vitro . These cytotoxic cells were sensitive to anti-macrophage serum and resistant to anti-thymocyte serum and 10,000 roentgen irradiation. In contrast, a second population of specifically cytotoxic cells were nonadherent, sensitive to x-rays and anti-thymocyte serum, but not to anti-macrophage serum. The two cell populations had a cooperative cytotoxic effect in vitro against allogeneic tumor cells.
"Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations"—a reply

It is again emphasized that for all cubic lattices the method of Monkhorst and Pack generates not only point sets identical to those obtained by Chadi and Cohen, but also intermediate sets with the same properties. In addition, a comparison of these two methods for the hexagonal lattice reveals our method to be more flexible and efficient.
Comparative in vivo high-resolution confocal microscopy of corneal epithelium, sub-basal nerves and stromal cells in mice with and without dry eye after photorefractive keratectomy.

Background: The present study compares, using a new-generation high-resolution in vivo confocal microscope, the epithelial morphology, sub-basal nerves and stroma in two groups of mice: one exposed to normal conditions (NC) and the other to a desiccating environment (DE), following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mechanical epithelial scraping. Methods: Twenty-four 4- to 8-week-old female Balb/C mice were used in this study. Twenty mice underwent bilateral corneal epithelial scraping using an electric brush prior to PRK. Then, the mice were divided in two groups: 10 mice were placed in NC. The other 10 mice were exposed to a DE for 2 weeks. Four mice served as controls. Corneas were analysed in vivo using the Rostock Cornea Module of the Heidelberg retina tomograph II. For all eyes, 20 confocal microscopic images of each layer, that is, the superficial and basal corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, anterior and posterior stroma and the endothelium, were recorded. Epithelial and stromal cell densities and sub-basal and stromal nerves were measured and compared. Results: There was a higher density of superficial epithelial cells in the DE group (693 ± 148 cells/mm2 in NC group and 443 ± 128 cells/mm2 in DE group; Mann–Whitney U-test; P = 0.05). Higher number of basal cells were observed in the DE group. Its density was 986 ± 198 cells/mm2 in NC and 1598 ± 280 cells/mm2 in DE group (Mann–Whitney U-test; P < 0.05). Significantly higher number of reflective structures were noted within the stroma without clearly visible nuclei in the DE group compared with the NC eyes. Additionally, higher number of beads, nerve sprouts and higher tortuosity of sub-basal nerves were observed in the DE group. No difference was observed in the endothelial cell density between the groups. Conclusion: Exposure of corneas to a DE after PRK with previous mechanical epithelial scraping increases epithelial turnover and is associated with a higher number of reflective structures in the stroma. Additionally increased nerve beading, nerve sprouts and tortuosity of sub-basal nerves were observed in the DE group, possibly directed to repair the alterations observed at the epithelial level.
Covariance of positive and negative symptoms during treatment with typical neuroleptics and clozapine

Although poor response to neuroleptics has traditionally been considered a characteristic feature of negative schizophrenic symptoms, several recent studies have documented significant improvement in negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients treated with neuroleptics. The question of whether neuroleptic-induced improvement in negative symptoms is linked to concomitant improvement in positive symptoms or occurs independently of such improvement is unresolved; it is also unclear if this profile is similar during treatment with clozapine and typical neuroleptics. To address these issues, we studied 120 RDC/DSM-III-R schizophrenic inpatients at drug-free baseline and after 3-4 weeks of treatment with clinically-determined doses of typical neuroleptics. We also studied 40 RDUDSM-III-R schizophrenic patients before a trial of clozapine and after 4-6 weeks of initiating clozapine treatment. Positive and negative symptoms were assessed by the BPRS “THOT” factor and the SANS sum of global scores, respectively. During treatment with typical neuroleptics, there was significant improvement in both positive symptoms (15.6k2.9 to 10.2k3.2) and negative symptoms (12.5k4.2 to 8.6k3.4); the change in positive symptoms was highly correlated to the change in negative symptoms (~0.60; p<O.OOl). During treatment with clozapine, both positive symptoms (from 16.of 3.6 to 12.4f3.5) and negative symptoms (from 13.8f4.5 to 10.5f4.1) improved significantly; change in positive symptoms was again significantly correlated to change in negative symptoms (1=0.63; p<O.Ol). Although there are sample differences between the two groups making comparisons difficult, these data indicate that negative symptoms improve along with positive symptoms in the course of initial neuroleptic treatment, both with typical neuroleptics and clozapine. Clozapine’s apparent greater efficacy on negative symptoms may bc related to its greater efficacy on positive symptoms (in otherwise treatment-refractory patients) and its lower propensity to cause EPS.
Theoretical and experimental zero-field reduced mobilities for molecular ion-molecule systems

Abstract Charge-transfer cross sections for N 2 + N 2 , CO + CO, O 2 + O 2 and NO + NO collisions are calculated from a multistate treatment of electron capture and are used to determine the corresponding zero-field reduced mobilities. Comparison with experimental data is satisfactory.
The Social Maturity of Preschool Children in Hawaii: Results of a Community Survey and a Review of Two Decades of Research

(1966). The Social Maturity of Preschool Children in Hawaii: Results of a Community Survey and a Review of Two Decades of Research. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 197-207.
Determination of lycopene, α- and β-carotene and retinyl esters in human serum by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography

A rapid specific, microdetermination of the major human blood carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and quantitation at 466 nm is detailed in this paper. Serum retinyl esters can also be quantified utilizing the same separation procedure but detected at 325 nm. One hundred microliters of deproteinated serum were extracted with chloroform and injected on a reverse-phase column. Separation occurred within 16 min for all compounds of interest employing a mobile solvent of MeOH/AcN/CHCl3 (47:47:6). All compounds were quantified at the wavelengths cited by integrated peak areas using retinyl acetate as a daily standard. Analysis of serum from a hypercarotenemic anorexia nervosa patient and a person suffering from hypervitaminosis A are presented as examples of the clinical application of this procedure.
Electrophoretic separation of S. pombe chromosomes in polyacrylamide solutions using a constant field

Previous electrophoretic separations of megabase (Mb) sized DNA have been achieved in pulsed electric fields, using agarose gel as a matrix. The present study demonstrates separations of Mb sized DNA due to a retardation of migration in proportion to the concentration of uncrosslinked polyacrylamide of 5 x 10(6) molecular weight, using a constant electric field. Potentially, the method should be applicable to large DNA in general, greatly reducing the instrumental complexity of such separations and rendering them compatible with capillary electrophoresis apparatus.
Two displacement methods for in-plane deformations of orthotropic linear elastic materials

Two displacement formulation methods are presented for the plane strain and plane stress problems of orthotropic linear elastic materials having the three planes of symmetry at x1 = 0, x2 = 0 and x3 = 0. The first method starts with solving the two governing partial differential equations simultaneously, while the second method begins with solving one equation and ends with enforcing the other. The former follows the approach of Eshelby, Read and Shockley, whereas the latter is based on an extended version of Green's theorem and thus has similarities with Airy's stress function method. The two displacement methods lead to the same characteristic equation that is identical to the one obtained by Lekhnitskii using a stress formulation method. The general solutions resulting from the two displacement methods can be used to solve plane elasticity problems of orthotropic materials with displacement or mixed boundary conditions.
DEPLETION OF NOREPINEPHRINE FROM ATRIA BY EPINEPHRINE.

Abstract Isolated guinea pig atria perfused with epinephrine were found to bind this amine even after repeated washings. Catecholamine analyses indicated a concurrent depletion of tissue norepinephrine which appeared to be replaced with epinephrine. Histochemical observations showed that the binding of epinephrine was within the sympathetic nerve fiber plexus.
Congenital Malformations in the Newborn Population: A Population Study and Analysis of the Effect of Sex and Prematurity

Background Congenital malformation (CM) is a leading cause of infant mortality. We hypothesized that the current estimates of the prevalence of CM are obsolete because of the increased rate of terminating fetuses with severe CMs and the widespread use of prenatal vitamins. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study analyzed the effect of sex and prematurity on CM prevalence. All data were derived from birth entries in the 2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of CM diagnoses among all birth hospitalizations in 2008 and to analyze the effect of sex and gestational maturity on CM prevalence. Results We identified 29,312 patients with CMs from among 1,014,261 live births, which yielded a CM prevalence of 28.9 per 1000 live births. Associated genetic syndromes were present in 1172 (4%) patients. Among newborns with nonsyndromic CM, 91% of newborns had an isolated CM and 9% of newborns had multiple CMs. The cardiovascular system was the most commonly involved organ system. The risk of CM was significantly higher in preterm newborns for an isolated CM [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; confidence interval (CI), 1.4–1.5]; multiple CMs (OR, 2.1; CI, 2.0–2.3); and overall CMs (OR, 1.4; CI, 1.3–1.5). Males had higher risk of isolated CMs (OR, 1.3; CI, 1.2–1.5). However, there was no sex difference in the risk of overall CM. Conclusion We reported up-to-date national estimates of the prevalence of CM, which is important for monitoring trends, determining service planning, and assessing disease burden because of congenital malformations in the United States of America. We also showed a strong association between CM and prematurity. Further study of this association is needed to provide insight into the etiology of these relatively common public health problems.
Pressure redistribution strategies for the diabetic or at-risk foot: part I.

Purpose To familiarize the practitioner with a variety of offloading devices by comparing their indications and application, and to present a literature review of device effectiveness. Target audience This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in better understanding and improving pressure offloading therapies. Objectives After reading this article and taking the test, the reader should be able to: 1. Describe indications for a cast walker and various inner soles. 2. Describe the indication and application of a total contact cast. 3. Choose an appropriate device based on wounds and deformities.
The Duluth word alignment system

The Duluth Word Alignment System participated in the 2003 HLT-NAACL Workshop on Parallel Text shared task on word alignment for both English--French and Romanian--English. It is a Perl implementation of IBM Model 2. We used approximately 50,000 aligned sentences as training data for each language pair, and found the results for Romanian--English to be somewhat better. We also varied the Model 2 distortion parameters among the values 2, 4, and 6, but did not observe any significant differences in performance as a result.
The layered sodium silicate magadiite; an analog to smectite for benzene sorption from water

Smectites have long been recognized as useful adsorbents for environmental pollutants due to their ability to exchange interlayer cations for charged organic or metal cations in solution. In natural smectite, the negative charge within the interlayer is partially compensated by alkali and alkaline earth cations, particularly K, Ca and Na. In the presence of water, these cations become strongly hydrated and create a highly hydrophilic environment. Such an environment allows the adsorption of charged organic cations through ion exchange. Because non-ionic organic compounds (NOCs), such as benzene, cannot compete with the highly polar water molecules, they are not effectively adsorbed. A number of investigators have remedied this problem by intercalating large organic cations within the interlayer sites of smectite (reviewed by Sheng et al. 1996). These organic cations typically include a charged terminal group (such as -NH3) attached to a long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain. Through the substitution of large organic cations into the smectite interlayer, the formerly hydrophilic interlayer site is made increasingly hydrophobic as the hydrated metal cations are replaced with organic cations. As a result, the interlayer sites are more effective sorbents for NOCs. Like smectite, the layered Na-silicate magadiite (Na2Si14029.9H20) is easily intercalated with large organic cations, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) or hexadecylpyridinium (HPD) (Lagaly et al. 1975a). Magadiite was first identified by Eugster (1967) in Lake Magadi, Kenya, but it has since been found in Alkali Lake, Oregon (Rooney et al. 1969), and Trinity County, California (McAtee et al. 1968). Although the structure of magadiite is not known, studies of the basal spacing of magadiite in air and vacuo (Brindley 1969) and after intercalation with various organic cations (Lagaly et al. 1975a, 1975b) strongly suggest that magadiite consists of layered silicate sheets that are loosely bonded by hydrated sodium cations. The high propensity for cation exchange of magadiite suggests that it may serve as an analog to smectites for the sorption of NOCs. One possible advantage of magadiite-like sorbents is their ease of synthesis. Whereas the formation of smectite in the laboratory at low temperatures (--<150 ~ requires complex procedures and often results in poorly crystalline material (Guven 1988), magadiite readily precipitates from Naand silica-rich solutions at temperatures from 100 to 175 ~ (Beneke and Lagaly 1983; Fletcher and Bibby 1987; Muraishi 1989; Yates and Heaney 1995). In light of these observations, the present study was initiated to compare the sorption behavior of magadiite with that of bentonite in aqueous solutions containing a range of benzene concentrations.
Atypical Appearance of Mesosalpingeal Masses of Paramesonephric Origin in a 30-year-old Infertile Woman

The upper female reproductive system is derived from paired paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts that fuse at the midline forming the upper vagina, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Traditionally, paraovarian and paratubal cystic structures were attributed to persistence of mesonephric (Wolffian) remnants [1], but histologically, most of these structures reveal epithelial characteristics suggesting paramesonephric origin [1,2]. Bilateral sacculated cysts originating from the midmesosalpinx of the broad ligaments were encountered in a 30year-old woman with infertility. Typical distal paratubal or paraovarian cysts were not present. The larger of the 2 masses was located on the right side and measured 3.5 cm in diameter (Fig. 1A). A 2-cm incision was made through the peritoneum overlying each mass using a Manhes high-frequency needle
THE BENEFICIAL IMPACT OF INTERNSHIPS IN INTERNAL AUDITING

The growing prominence of the internal auditing profession has led to new college and university courses. Louisiana State University began one such course in its summer internship programme. The advantages of the internship programme to employers, the profession and the university are stated. The academic benefits of internship to the student are presented, as are its contribution to the student's professional growth and its impact on the student's perception of internal auditing as a profession.
The prospect for bacteriophage therapy in Western medicine

Bacteriophage (phage) have been used for clinical applications since their initial discovery at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, they have never been subjected to the scrutiny--in terms of the determination of efficacy and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents--that is required in countries that enforce certification for marketed pharmaceuticals. There are a number of historical reasons for this deficiency, including the overshadowing discovery of the antibiotics. Nevertheless, present efforts to develop phage into reliable antibacterial agents have been substantially enhanced by knowledge gained concerning the genetics and physiology of phage in molecular detail during the past 50 years. Such efforts will be of importance given the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A laboratory course for designing and testing spoken dialogue systems

The Spoken Dialogue Systems Laboratory at OGI gives students hands-on experience developing spoken dialogue systems (SDSs) in a rapid prototyping setting. The CSLU rapid prototyper (CSLUrp) allows students to quickly build and operate SDSs for dialogues of arbitrary complexity. CSLUrp consists of a graphical user interface that allows users to create SDSs with speech recognition, speech generation and arbitrary computation. When an application is designed, CSLUrp configures the system from the appropriate libraries in CSLUsh, the CSLU shell. The course explores CSLUrp in enough depth that students can craft and integrate their own low-level components (such as special purpose recognizers). In their final projects, students successfully built and demonstrated SDSs to do a variety of interesting tasks such as voice mail and directory assistance. Students found the course helpful and rated it highly.
The Scalability of Secure Lock

This paper investigates how well secure lock scales. Using a Java simulation, secure locks are generated for network sizes up to 5,000 nodes using prime number node identifiers up to 512 bits in length. The resulting message sizes as well as the amount of time and memory consumed in the secure lock generation process are used for comparison. The Java BigInteger class enables secure lock generation on a desktop PC, which requires less than five minutes of time to produce the largest secure locks. The simulation also demonstrates secure locks' ability to exclude untrusted members of the network. It is found that as the number of recipients increases, the secure lock message size increases linearly, while the amount of time and system memory used to create the secure lock increase exponentially.
The promise and pitfalls of comparative research design in the study of migration

This article contends that our ability to study migration is significantly enhanced by carefully conceived comparative research designs. Comparing and contrasting a small number of cases—meaningful, complex structures, institutions, collectives, and/or configurations of events—is a creative strategy of analytical elaboration through research design. As such, comparative migration studies are characterized by their research design and conceptual focus on cases, not by a particular type of data. I outline some reasons why scholars should engage in comparison and discuss some challenges in doing so. I survey major comparative strategies in migration research, including between groups, places, time periods, and institutions, and I highlight how decisions about case selection are part and parcel of theory-building and theory evaluation. Comparative research design involves a decision over what to compare—what is the general class of ‘cases’ in a study—and how to compare, a choice about the comparative logics that drive the selection of specific cases.
Is routine use of the intensive care unit after elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair necessary

Abstract Introduction: Postoperative care after infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair has traditionally involved admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). With the advent of endovascular AAA repair, the management of open procedures has received increased scrutiny. We recently modified our AAA clinical pathway to include selective use of the ICU. Methods: Consecutive elective infrarenal AAA repairs performed by members of the vascular surgery division at a university medical center from 1994 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively with a computerized database, the Medical Archival Retrieval System. Group I consisted of 245 patients who were treated in the ICU for 1 or more days, and Group II included 69 patients admitted directly to the floor. Ruptured, symptomatic, suprarenal, endovascular, and reoperative repairs were excluded. Outcome variables were compared over the 6-year period. Results: Floor admissions increased over the study period with 0%, 0%, 3.3%, 16.3%, 48.6%, and 43.6% of patients admitted directly to the surgery ward from 1994 to 1999. The average ICU length of stay declined from 4.6 to 1.2 days, whereas the hospital length of stay decreased from 12.5 to 6.8 days from 1994 to 1999. The change in ICU use had no effect on death (2.4% in Group I vs 0% in Group II). Major and minor morbidity was comparable. Hospital charges were significantly lower for patients in Group II. Conclusion: A policy of selective utilization of the ICU after elective infrarenal AAA repair is safe. It can reduce resource use without a negative impact on the quality of care. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:634-42.)
Can mobile game development foster student interest in computer science

Mobile culture refers to an increasingly important role that mobile communication and mobile media play in our everyday lives. Young people are often viewed as the driving force behind the innovation in mobile technology, since they comprise the majority of early adopters and most avid users of mobile gadgets and applications, especially mobile games. Many contemporary college students grew up surrounded by computer games and electronic gadgets and, therefore, may better relate to mobile technology than to the desktops dominating current academic environment. This paper makes the case for using mobile game development as a motivational tool and a learning context in computing curriculum, which is supported by the results of a large student survey. The paper also presents a case study illustrating how mobile game development can be successfully integrated into a breadth-first introductory Computer Science course.
Lightning Observatory in Gainesville (LOG), Florida: A review of recent results

The Lightning Observatory in Gainesville (LOG), Florida, was established in 2004 primarily for measurements of electric and magnetic fields produced by lightning. More recently, an x-ray detector was added, and various optical instruments were used in different years. A number of new results have been obtained, most important of which are reviewed in this paper.
The Influence of Workplace Justice Perceptions on Commercial Driver Turnover Intentions

Employee retention is a critical and challenging workplace issue including in the U.S. motor carrier industry with its perennially high driver turnover rates. Truck driver retention affects supply chain performance because of its impact on carrier operating safety and the service capacity of the trucking industry. Government authorities exert an influence on truck driver retention via the safety policies, labor policies, and regulations they mandate. A proposed rule requiring electronic on-board recorders of some carrier drivers offers an opportunity to investigate the influence of government policy on driver work intentions. In this study we examine this influence through the lens of procedural justice theory. Drawing on procedural justice literature, we develop a model which examines the procedural justice perceptions of commercial drivers and the subsequent impact on their decision-making behavior, including their organizational and industry intentions to remain or quit.
A genetic survey of Salvinia minima in the southern United States

The genetic relationships among 68 samples of Salvinia minima (Salviniaceae) were investigated using RAPD analysis. Neighbor joining, principle components, and AMOVA analyses were used to detect differences among geographically referenced samples within and outside of Florida. Genetic distances (Nei and Li) range up to 0.48, although most are under 0.30, still relatively high levels for an introduced, clonally reproducing plant. Despite the diversity AMOVA analysis yielded no indication that the Florida plants, as a group, were significantly different from the plants sampled elsewhere in its adventive, North American range. A single, genetically dissimilar population probably exists in the recent (1998) horticultural introduction to Mississippi. When the samples were grouped into 10 regional (but artificial) units and analyzed using AMOVA the between region variance was only 7.7%. Genetic similarity among these regions may indicate introduction and dispersal from common sources. The reduced aggressiveness of Florida populations (compared to other states) may be due to herbivory. The weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae, a selective feeder, is found in Florida but not other states. The genetic similarity also suggests that there are no obvious genetic obstacles to the establishment or efficacy of C. salviniae as a biological control agent on S. minima outside of Florida.
Perceptions of Communication Ability Self-Monitoring in an Organizational Setting

Several researchers have suggested that individual success in organizations can be attributed at least in part to interpersonal and communicative effectiveness. This study examined the relationship between several measures of interpersonal effectiveness and job level in the headquarters of a large international insurance corporation. Participants completed Snyder's (1974) self-monitoring instrument and reported on their own communication abilities. Results showed that self-monitoring was related to perceived persuasive ability and to perceived communication effectiveness. However, when the self-monitoring instrument was decomposed into the subscales suggested by Briggs, Cheek, and Buss (1980), the other-directedness subscale was virtually unrelated to any other study variable. Job level in the organization was positively related to self-monitoring and to perceived communication effectiveness.
Co-contraction patterns of trans-tibial amputee ankle and knee musculature during gait

Myoelectric control of upper extremity powered prostheses has been used clinically for many years, however this approach has not been fully developed for lower extremity prosthetic devices. With the advent of powered lower extremity prosthetic components, the potential role of myoelectric control systems is of increasing importance. An understanding of muscle activation patterns and their relationship to functional ambulation is a vital step in the future development of myoelectric control. Unusual knee muscle co-contractions have been reported in both limbs of trans-tibial amputees. It is currently unknown what differences exist in co-contraction between trans-tibial amputees and controls. This study compares the activation and co-contraction patterns of the ankle and knee musculature of trans-tibial amputees (intact and residual limbs), and able-bodied control subjects during three speeds of gait. It was hypothesized that residual limbs would have greater ankle muscle co-contraction than intact and able-bodied control limbs and that knee muscle co-contraction would be different among all limbs. Lastly it was hypothesized that the extent of muscle co-contraction would increase with walking speed. Nine unilateral traumatic trans-tibial amputees and five matched controls participated. Surface electromyography recorded activation from the Tibialis Anterior, Medial Gastrocnemius, Vastus Lateralis and Biceps Femoris of the residual, intact and control limbs. A series of filters were applied to the signal to obtain a linear envelope of the activation patterns. A co-contraction area (ratio of the integrated agonist and antagonist activity) was calculated during specific phases of gait. Co-contraction of the ankle muscles was greater in the residual limb than in the intact and control limbs during all phases of gait. Knee muscle co-contraction was greater in the residual limb than in the control limb during all phases of gait. Co-contractions may represent a limb stiffening strategy to enhance stability during phases of initial foot-contact and single limb support. These strategies may be functionally necessary for amputee gait; however, the presence of co-contractions could confound future development of myoelectric controls and should thus be accounted for.
A Typology of Maritally Violent Men and Correlates of Violence in a Community Sample

This study empirically tests A. Holtzworth-Munroe and G. L. Stuart's (1994) typology of male batterers in a community sample. Latent class analyses based on severity of physical aggression, generality of violence, and psychopathology partially replicated the Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart typology by identifying 3 types of violent men: family-only, medium-violence, and generally violent/psychologically distressed. Separate groupings of borderline/dysphoric and generally violent/antisocial types were not found. In comparisons of batterer types to each other and to nonviolent men, generally violent/psychologically distressed men differed from other groups on psychological abuse, life stress, marital satisfaction, and attitudes about violence. Types also differed on wives' fearfulness of their husband and injury from marital aggression. Implications of conceptualizing marital violence from a multidimensional typology perspective are discussed.
Les unions en France : l’embarras du choix ?

77 Resume 78 I. Des conditions souvent similaires 87 A. Des conditions de fond quasi-identiques 87 B. Des formalismes distincts pour une meme protection des consentements 92 II. Des effets differents 97 A. Les rapports personnels 98 B. Les rapports pecuniaires 102
Cross-Spectral Analysis

In the previous chapter we have shown how one can characterize a single time series in the frequency domain and how one can estimate the spectral density of the series from a record of finite length.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787

This encyclopedia entry describes and defines the meaning of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 in regulating American expansion in the 'old Northwest' and in the Pacific Northwest and its impact on the rights of American Indian Nations.
Ecological Degradation and the Evolution of World-Systems

This paper describes the role played by anthropogenic ecological degradation in the evolution of world-systems over the past twelve thousand years. We have developed a conceptual apparatus for comparing workd-systems in order to better understand how fundamental transformations in systemic logic occur. When properlyconceptualized and bounded, we can compare earlier, smaller regional systems with the modem global system. This enables us to comprehend how the size and nature of world-systems have changed. Ourr model of world-systems evolution incorporates the important world of anthropologists on population pressure and ecological degradation. The expanding scale of world- systems corrceponds to the expanding scale of ecological degradation, so that, though institutional developments have temporarily overcome the constraints of demography and ecology, in the long run more complex systems face the same problems that smaller and simpler systems faced. Thus procsses of ecological depletion have long been central in the evolution of social structures and are likely to continue to be so in the future.
The Stability and Control of an Aircraft with an Adaptive Wing

With increasing interest in the use of adaptive lifting surfaces for improved aircraft performance, it is necessary to study the stability and control characteristics of an aircraft with an adaptive wing. This paper builds on recent development of an automated cruise flap for adapting a wing shape to achieve low drag over a large lift range. Such an automated cruise flap system was shown to have unusual lift and pitching moment curves, which prompted the need for studying the eect on aircraft stability and control. In this paper, the static stability considerations are used to show that when an automated cruise flap is used on an airfoil to continuously adjust the flap to the optimum angle, there is a need for an accompanying controller that achieves the desired lift coecient by adjusting the airfoil angle of attack. Likewise, when an automated flap is used on an aircraft wing, there is a need for an accompanying airspeed controller to adjust the elevator. The paper presents Simulink models for analyzing the dynamic behavior of an aircraft with an automated flap. Two schemes were studied for the flap and elevator controllers. The most desirable results were obtained when the flap and elevator controllers were coupled so that trim changes due to the flap are immediately compensated by adjustment of the elevator angle. The results of the simulation show that the aircraft does not exhibit any undesirable behavior with the automated cruise flap. The study, therefore, provides the confidence needed to implement the system on an uninhabited aerial vehicle.
The effect of cellulose phosphate on plasma and urinary magnesium at different levels of parathyroid function in man.

1. Previously published data obtained by magnesium infusion in man were found to conform to a Tm/glomerular filtration rate (GFR) model on the assumption of 80% diffusibility of plasma magnesium. The lower limit of Tm,Mg/GFR was 625 μmol/l. 2. Previously published data concerning the effect of cellulose phosphate on magnesium metabolism in normal subjects, patients with latent hypoparathyroidism and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were found to conform to the same model, with the same lower limit for Tm,Mg/GFR for all three levels of parathyroid function. 3. The threshold for magnesium excretion is sharper with less ‘splay’ than for phosphate, but as for phosphate it is close to the normal blood concentration. 4. Because of the geometrical relationship between different methods of presentation of data, at a constant value for Tm,Mg/GFR changes in magnesium load or in GFR automatically produce changes in fractional magnesium clearance. This is the explanation for the increase in fractional magnesium clearance which occurs with diminishing renal function. 5. Renal conservation of magnesium is a passive consequence of the fall in plasma magnesium. There was no evidence of augmented tubular reabsorption of magnesium in response to magnesium deprivation in any of the three groups of subjects. 6. The tubular reabsorption of magnesium was not altered detectably by a moderate deficiency or excess of parathyroid hormone. Changes in parathyroid hormone secretion are probably not concerned in normal magnesium homeostasis.
Explicit and Emergent Mechanisms of Information Status

It is well established that language production and comprehension are influenced by information status, for example, whether information is given, new, topical, or predictable, and many scholars suggest that an important component of information status is keeping track of what information is in common ground (i.e., what is shared), and what is not. Information status affects both speakers' choices (e.g., word order, pronoun use, prosodic prominence) and how listeners interpret the speaker's meaning (e.g., Chafe, 1994; Prince, 1981). Although there is a wealth of scholarly work on information status (for a review, see Arnold, Kaiser, Kahn, & Kim, 2013), there is no consensus on the mechanisms by which it is used, and in fact relatively little discussion of the underlying representations and psycholinguistic mechanisms. Moreover, a major challenge to understanding information status is that its effects are notoriously variable. This study considers existing proposals about information status, focusing on two questions: (a) how is it represented; and (b) by what mechanisms is it used? I propose that it is important to consider whether representations and mechanisms can be classified as either explicit or emergent. Based on a review of existing evidence, I argue that information status representations are most likely emergent, but the mechanisms by which they are used are both explicit and emergent. This review provides one of the first considerations of information status processing across multiple domains.
Comparing deep learning and support vector machines for autonomous waste sorting

Waste sorting is the process of separating waste into different types. The current trend is to efficiently separate the waste in order to appropriately deal with it. The separation must be done as early as possible in order to reduce the contamination of waste by other materials. The need to automate this process is a significant facilitator for waste companies. This research aims to automate waste sorting by applying machine learning techniques to recognize the type of waste from their images only. Two popular learning algorithms were used: deep learning with convolution neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM). Each algorithm creates a different classifier that separates waste into 3 main categories: plastic, paper and metal using only 256 × 256 colored png image of the waste. The accuracies of the two classifiers are compared in order to choose the best one and implement it on a raspberry pi 3. The pi controls a mechanical system that guides the waste from its initial position into the corresponding container. However, in this paper we only compare the two machines learning techniques and implement the best model on the pi in order to measure its speed of classification. SVM achieved high classification accuracy 94.8% while CNN achieved only 83%. SVM also showed an exceptional adaptation to different types of wastes. NVIDIA DIGITS was used for training the CNN while Matlab 2016a was used to train the SVM. The SVM model was finally implemented on a Raspberry pi 3 where it produced quick classification, taking on average 0.1s per image.
287 EFFECTIVENESS OF FEVER EDUCATION IN A PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.

Purpose Parental misconceptions about fever are common. The effectiveness of fever education has not been proven in an emergency department. This study is designed to address the impact of a brief educational intervention on parental knowledge and attitudes toward childhood fever. We hypothesize that an educational video shown during an emergency department visit will impact parental attitudes and knowledge about fever. Methods A convenience sample of parents of children presenting to an urban pediatric emergency department for febrile illness was used to assess the impact of an educational video about fever in this randomized, prospective study. Subjects consisted of English speaking parents of children 3 to 36 months old triaged as low acuity with the chief complaint of “fever.” A preintervention survey assessing their reasons for coming and baseline knowledge of fever was completed. The intervention group was shown an 11-minute video about fever and a control group was shown an 8-minute video on safety. A postvideo survey and unscripted anticipatory guidance on home fever management were given to all participants. Parental knowledge about was assessed using a previously validated instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results Forty-six parents were randomized to the intervention (fever video) group and 61 parents to the control (safety video) group. There was no statistical difference between group demographics or baseline knowledge of childhood fever. The percentage of parents in the fever video group who reported that fever is dangerous was 90.1% before watching the fever video and 44.2% after watching the fever video (z = 4.55, p Conclusions Preliminary data indicate that a brief informational video improves parental knowledge and perceptions, which supports home management of fever. Such educational videos can be effectively shown in the setting of a pediatric emergency department.
A sequential simplex algorithm for automatic data and center selecting radial basis functions

We propose a sequential algorithm for learning sparse radial basis approximations for streaming data. The initial phase of the algorithm formulates the RBF training as a convex optimization problem with an objective function on the expansion weights while the data fitting problem imposed only as an l ∞ -norm constraint. Each new data point observed is tested for feasibility, i.e., whether the data fitting constraint is satisfied. If so, that point is discarded and no model update is required. If it is infeasible, a new basic variable is added to the linear program. The result is a primal infeasible-dual feasible solution. The dual simplex algorithm is applied to determine a new optimal solution. A large fraction of the streaming data points does not require updates to the RBF model since they are similar enough to previously observed data and satisfy the data fitting constraints. The structure of the simplex algorithm makes the update to the solution particularly efficient given the inverse of the new basis matrix is easily computed from the old inverse. The second phase of the algorithm involves a non-convex refinement of the convex problem. Given the sparse nature of the LP solution, the computational expense of the non-convex algorithm is greatly reduced. We have also found that a small subset of the training data that includes the novel data identified by the algorithm can be used to train the non-convex optimization problem with substantial computation savings and comparable errors on the test data. We illustrate the method on the Mackey-Glass chaotic time-series, the monthly sunspot data, and a Fort Collins, Colorado weather data set. In each case we compare the results to artificial neural networks (ANN) and standard skew-RBFs.
Fuel Cell Stack Emulation for Cell and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

The high costs of fuel cell stacks are often prohibitive for research applications. Instead, researchers tend to either perform tests on individual cells under emulated load conditions, or they use model-based emulated fuel cell stacks to test realistic loads. This paper presents an alternative technique that allows the simultaneous investigation of both cell and hardware. In this technique, an amplifier takes as input the voltage of a reference fuel cell and reproduces the “scaled-up” voltage that would be provided by a stack of similar cells. The output terminals of this simulated stack can be connected to realistic loads, which are series connected with the reference cell to maintain a one-to-one correspondence of cell and load currents. This technique allows the simultaneous investigation of stack/load interactions, stack electrochemical performance characteristics, and stack durability under load. The amplifier electronics are independent of the fuel cell allowing its use with all fuel cell types, e.g., solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) or proton exchange membrane fuel cells. We demonstrate the emulator using a single planar SOFC and under several real loads. The data collected reveal good steady-state and dynamic accuracy, and the observed electrical interactions highlight the utility of the emulator in cell and hardware-in-the-loop testing. Ultimately, this technique provides fuel cell system researchers and developers a low-cost, easily implemented tool for rapid assessment of novel fuel cell technologies under real-world loading conditions.
A recent history of nitroxyl chemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic potential.

Due to the excitement surrounding the discovery of NO as an endogenously generated signalling molecule, a number of other nitrogen oxides were also investigated as possible physiological mediators. Among these was nitroxyl (HNO). Over the past 25 years or so, a significant amount of work by this laboratory and many others has disclosed that HNO possesses unique chemical properties and important pharmacological utility. Indeed, the pharmacological potential for HNO as a treatment for heart failure, among other uses, has garnered this curious molecule a considerable amount of recent attention. This review summarizes the events that led to this recent attention as well as poses important questions that are still to be answered with regards to understanding the chemistry and biology of HNO. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
Open-Source Software in the Sciences: The Challenge of User Support:

This study examines user support issues concerning open-source software in computational sciences. The literature suggests that there are three main problem areas: transparency, learnability, and u...
Evaluating Merit Among Scientists

What makes some scientists distinguished and others hardly noticeable? How does one know who's who? In this article, I consider various means for judging the scholarly merit of a scientist and, further, some of the psychological issues involved when judgments are made regarding the distinction of scientists. I emphasize in particular four criteria: quality, productivity, visibility, and impact. The main ways of judging scientists on the basis of these criteria are peer judgments, quantity of publications, quantity while controlling for impact factors of journals, number of scholarly citations, the h-index, the i10-index, grants and contracts, editorships of important refereed journals, service on major grant panels, scholarly awards, election to elite academies and societies, and honorary doctorates. Underlying these indices and the distinguished scientific work about which they make judgments are creative, analytical, practical, wisdom-based, and ethics-based skills and attitudes. Although quantitative indices have limitations, they generally offer many advantages over qualitative evaluations that are susceptible to various kinds of biases and factors irrelevant to scientific merit.
The Birational Geometry of the Hilbert Scheme of Points on Surfaces

In this paper, we study the birational geometry of the Hilbert scheme of points on a smooth, projective surface, with special emphasis on rational surfaces such as \({\mathbb{P}}^{2}, {\mathbb{P}}^{1} \times {\mathbb{P}}^{1}\) and \(\mathbb{F}_{1}\). We discuss constructions of ample divisors and determine the ample cone for Hirzebruch surfaces and del Pezzo surfaces with K 2≥2. As a corollary, we show that the Hilbert scheme of points on a Fano surface is a Mori dream space. We then discuss effective divisors on Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces and determine the stable base locus decomposition completely in a number of examples. Finally, we interpret certain birational models as moduli spaces of Bridgeland-stable objects. When the surface is \({\mathbb{P}}^{1} \times {\mathbb{P}}^{1}\) or \(\mathbb{F}_{1}\), we find a precise correspondence between the Mori walls and the Bridgeland walls, extending the results of Arcara et al. (The birational geometry of the Hilbert scheme of points on \({\mathbb{P}}^{2}\) and Bridgeland stability, arxiv:1203.0316, 2012) to these surfaces.
Unsere Evolution geht weiter

Noch in den letzten 30.000 Jahren haben sich die Menschen genetisch verandert und an neue Lebensbedingungen angepasst. Das wird auch weiterhin geschehen.