cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetoresistance of Potassium

The linear magnetoresistance of single-crystal specimens of potassium, which is observed far into the high-magnetic-field regime, is not in accord with generally accepted ideas concerning the bands structure of potassium. The linear dependence of resistivity on field is, however, in accord with a charge-density-wave model for the metal. The charge-density wave modifies the Fermi surface by introducing many energy gaps that slice the Fermi surface. These heterodyne gaps undergo progressive magnetic breakdown. The model predicts the largest magnetoresistance for crystals in which the magnetic field is oriented along the [100] or [111] directions, and the smallest effect for crystals in which H is oriented parallel to [110]; these predictions are in agreement with observation.
Deep hope: a song without words.

Hope helps alleviate suffering. In the case of terminal illness, recent experience in palliative medicine has taught physicians that hope is durable and often thrives even in the face of imminent death. In this article, I examine the perspectives of philosophers, theologians, psychologists, clinicians, neuroscientists, and poets, and provide a series of observations, connections, and gestures about hope, particularly about what I call “deep hope.” I end with some proposals about how such hope can be sustained and enhanced at the end of life. Studies of terminally ill patients have revealed clusters of personal and situational factors associated with enhancement or suppression of hope at the end of life. Interpersonal connectedness, attainable goals, spiritual beliefs and practices, personal attributes of determination, courage, and serenity, lightheartedness, uplifting memories, and affirmation of personal worth enhance hope, while uncontrollable pain and discomfort, abandonment and isolation, and devaluation of personhood suppress hope. I suggest that most of these factors can be modulated by good medical care, utilizing basic interpersonal techniques that demonstrate kindness, humanity, and respect.
Predation risk and feeding in an intertidal predatory snail

Abstract Because avoidance of predators may affect a prey's foraging success and resultant fitness, we examined how a top predator, the stone crab Mineppe adina (Williams & Felder), altered feeding and growth rates of rock snails [ Stranomita (= Thais) haemastoma (Kool)]. In small-scale laboratory experiments, feeding rates of snails were reduced by chemical or acoustical cues from stone crabs. However, small snails were not differentially affected, even though they were more susceptible to predation. In large-scale laboratory experiments with free-ranging crabs, snail feeding and growth were again reduced because snails spent more time in refuges. Although small snails fed as often as large snails when exposed to crabs, they did spend more time in refuges. Small individuals may thus focus on feeding when out of refuge and devote less time to other activities that may extend their exposure to predators. Feeding by snails was reduced in field experiments only in enclosure cages in which crabs had direct access to snails. There was no measurable effect either in adjacent exclosure cages receiving chemical or auditory cues, or when crabs were tethered near the cage. Thus, reduced feeding in the field may occur only when predator abundances are high enough to cause frequent direct contact. Predator avoidance by intermediate predators may alter how intermediate predators affect their prey populations, but only if top predators are very abundant.
Structures of and interactions between domains of trigger factor from Thermotoga maritima

Trigger factor (TF) is a eubacterial chaperone that associates with ribosomes at the peptide-exit tunnel and also occurs in excess free in the cytosol. TF is a three-domain protein that appears to exist in a dynamic equilibrium of oligomerization states and interdomain conformations. X-ray crystallography and chemical cross-linking were used to study the roles of the N- and C-terminal domains of Thermotoga maritima TF in TF oligomerization and chaperone activity. The structural conservation of both the N- and C-terminal TF domains was unambiguously established. The biochemical and crystallographic data reveal a tendency for these domains to partake in diverse and apparently nonspecific protein–protein interactions. It is found that the T. maritima and Escherichia coli TF surfaces lack evident exposed hydrophobic patches. Taken together, these data suggest that TF chaperones could interact with nascent proteins via hydrophilic surfaces.
The Clinical Intuition Exploration Guide A Decision-Making Tool for Counselors and Supervisors

Clinical intuition is a common experience among counselors, yet many do not know what to do with intuition when it occurs. This article reviews the role intuition plays in clinical work and present...
The role of Fram Strait winter cyclones on sea ice flux and on Spitsbergen air temperatures

[1] The link between high latitude Atlantic winter cyclone activity and both the climate of Spitsbergen and Fram Strait ice export is examined. Cyclones are more frequent over Fram Strait in relatively mild, low ice export, winters and are associated with south-southwesterly flow around anomalous high pressure over Scandinavia. There is an increased tendency for cyclogenesis to occur off the northeast Greenland coast and East Greenland Current in those winters. Fram Strait cyclones then typically continue into the western Arctic basin north of Greenland and Canada. Anomalously cold/high ice export winters have higher cyclone activity in the Barents Sea and Eurasia side of the Arctic basin. Cyclones in mild winters have close proximity to Spitsbergen and may simultaneously advect Arctic sea ice across Fram Strait, possibly accounting for the low (under 30%) shared variance in winter time series of temperatures and sea ice export.
Economic Impact of Supervised Agricultural Experience in Iowa: A Trend Study

The focus of this article is on the economic impact of Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) programs in Iowa using longitudinal data collected from 1991 to 2001. In order to accomplish the purpose of the study, student net income growth, growth of SAE program hours, SAE income per student and per program, and return on investment using tax dollars invested per studentderived income were calculated. The results of this study show that there is a substantial economic impact related to SAE consistent over the entire 11-year period of the study. The total value of SAE income peaked in 2000 with over $20.9 million dollars and grew at an annualized rate of 6.05% from 1991 to 2001. Unpaid SAE program hours grew considerably more annually (20.06%) than paid SAE hours (9.72%). Over the 11-year study, students with a SAE earned $1,443 on average, whereas each agricultural education program earned $55,984. The return on investment ratio using tax dollars invested per student-derived income through SAE was positive each year of the study. Students earn more money through SAE programs than school districts invest in salaries and travel for agricultural education programs.
A common axiom set for classical and intuitionistic plane geometry

Abstract We describe a first order axiom set which yields the classical first order Euclidean geometry of Tarski when used with classical logic, and yields an intuitionistic (or constructive) Euclidean geometry when used with intuitionistic logic. The first order language has a single six place atomic predicate and no function symbols. The intuitionistic system has a computational interpretation in recursive function theory, that is, a realizability interpretation analogous to those given by Kleene for intuitionistic arithmetic and analysis. This interpretation shows the unprovability in the intuitionistic theory of certain “nonconstructive” theorems of the classical geometry.
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF MEASURES OF CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE

The methodology of measuring central bank independence suggested by Bade and Parkin three decades ago and inverse correlations between the measures and inflation have been widely accepted. The measurement literature has made important contributions identifying elements of institutional design that establish the relationship between the central bank and the government and the measurements from an ordinal perspective provide some useful insights about the major institutional redesigns of central banks during the past several decades. At the same time, the measurement literature is problematic. First, a dummy variable bifurcating central banks into groups of independent and less independent central banks can duplicate the standard correlations suggesting the information content of the specific measures is limited; second, the correlations between inflation and measures of independence are not as stable as claimed; and most important, the measurements are subject to classification problems that have not been fully appreciated. Review of the institutional design and history of the Bank of Korea, Bank of Japan, and the Federal Reserve provide evidence the classification problems are important. The measures of independence are more appropriately regarded as ordinal rankings of central bank independence rather than considered cardinal measures suitable for econometric modeling. (JEL E50, E58, E65)
Practice, Performance, and Experience in Ritual Healing

The past 20 years have seen a florescence in studies of religious and ritual healing. This article broadly surveys this literature on a global scale, organizing and presenting the studies by geographical region. Summaries of major themes in the regional literatures follow each section, and suggest that differences and similarities may be as much a product of theoretical orientations brought by students of healing to their work, as of empirical features observed ethnographically. A concluding section raises the issue of therapeutic efficacy, summarizing the major contributions during the two decades covered by this article.
Using emissivity-corrected thermal maps to locate deep structural defects in concrete bridge decks

Dual-band infrared (DBIR) thermal imaging is a promising, noncontact, nondestructive evaluation tool to evaluate the amount of deteriorated concrete on asphalt-covered bridge decks. We conducted proof-of-principle demonstrations to characterize defects in concrete structures which could be detected with DBIR thermal imaging. We constructed two identical concrete slabs with synthetic delaminations, e.g., 1.8-in. thick styrofoam squares, implanted just above the 2-in. deep steel reinforcement bars. We covered one of the slabs with a 2-in. layer of asphalt. We mounted the DBIR cameras on a tower platform, to simulate the optics needed to conduct bridge-deck inspections from a moving vehicle. We detected 4-in. implants embedded in concrete and 9-in. implants embedded in asphalt-cevered concrete. The midday (above ambient) and predawn (below ambient) delamination-site temperatures correlated with the implant sizes. Using DBIR image ratios, we enhanced thermal-constrast and removed emissivity-noise, e.g., from concrete compositional variations and clutter. Using the LLNL/VIEW code, we removed the asphalt thermal-gradient mask to depict the 4-in. deep, 9- in. square, concrete implant site. We plan to image bridge deck defects from a moving vehicle for accurate estimations of the amount of deteriorated concrete impairing the deck integrity. Potential longterm benefits are affordable and reliable rehabilitation for asphalt-covered decks.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Synthesis and structural characterization of Zintl anions containing the tris(ethylenediamine)-zinc cation: [Zn(N2C2H8)3][Te3]·(0.5en) and [Zn(N2C2H8)3]2[Sn2Te6]·(en)

Abstract Two Zintl anions which contain the [tris(ethylenediamine)-zinc]2+ cation have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. When a constant current of 1 mA is applied between a ZnTe10 alloy cathode and a Ni plate anode, in a saturated solulion of tetrapropylammonium bromide in ethylenediamine, a deep red-purple solution is generated around the cathode as polyanions are generated. After a few days, small, black crystals formed, which were identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction as [Zn(N2C2H8)3][Te3]·0.5(N2C2H8) (1). The 1:1:1 stoichiometric reaction of the Zintl phase K4SnTe4 with ZnCl2 in the presence of (C2H5)4NBr in ethylenediamine at 100°C for 1 day in a sealed evacuated quartz tube gave crystals of [Zn(N2C2H8)3]2[Sn2Te6]·(en) (2). The structures of 1 adn 2 consist of discrete anions which are surrounded in the solid state by the tris(ethylenediamine)-zinc cations.
Effects of cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, and diamondback moth on fresh market and processing cabbage.

Action thresholds for lepidopterans on fresh market cabbage in New York are proposed. These are based on foliage consumption rates of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), incorporated with actual larval counts of these pests. Once head formation is initiated, cabbage can tolerate ca. 0.5 cabbage looper equivalents per plant before head damage occurs. Larval populations can be permitted to build before head formation, without a loss in weight or marketability, provided they are treated with an effective insecticide at head initiation and treated thereafter at a low threshold. Head weight, rather than cosmetic appearance, is more valid criterion for processing cabbage but was not accurately predicted by larval counts.
Chickens and Eggs: A Commentary on Chris Renwick’s “Completing the Circle of the Social Sciences? William Beveridge and Social Biology at London School of Economics during the 1930s”

Why would anyone want there to be natural foundations for the social sciences? In a provocative essay exploring precisely that question, historian Chris Renwick uses an interwar debate featuring William Beveridge, Lancelot Hogben, and Friedrich Hayek to begin to imagine what might have been had such a program calling for biological knowledge to form the natural bases of the social sciences been realized at the London School of Economics. Yet perhaps Renwick grants too much attention to differences and “what-ifs” and not enough to the historical question of “what happened” afterward. “Chickens and Eggs” offers an alternative view of this rather vexed question—one grounded in what happened, which suggests that Renwick’s concerns may be somewhat misplaced.
Construction of full-length cDNA copies of viral double-stranded RNA.

A method is described for the construction of full-length cDNA clones of dsRNAs. All dsRNA viruses have a capsid-associated transcriptase that is responsible for synthesis of the plus strand that is then extruded from viral particles. We have used in vitro transcripts synthesized by the segmentedSaccharomyces cerevisiae virus (ScV) as templates for first-strand cDNA synthesis. Synthesis was primed by a 33-base synthetic oligonucleotide. This contained 27 nucleotides complementary to the 3′ end of the plus strand from one ScV viral dsRNA segment (S14), and 6 additional nucleotides encoding anXbaI restriction site at the 5′ end. The second cDNA strand was synthesized using a similarXbaI linker-synthetic oligonucleotide and the ds cDNA was cloned by standard ligation techniques. All four cDNA plasmid isolates characterized by sequence analysis contained the complete 5′ end sequence of S14. Two of these were complete at the 3′ end, and one lacked a single base here. Of these four clones, one also retained theXbaI sites at either end. Preparing full-length cDNA clones with unique restriction-site linkers by the use of synthetic oligonucletides allows for easier screening for complete cDNA clones if neither the vector nor the cDNA has the chosen restriction site. It also provides for easier sequence analysis and manipulation of the genome for later studies, such as cloning into expression vectors. This method is more efficient than any previously described for production of full-sized cDNA clones.
Interaction of baseline characteristics with the hazard of encainide, flecainide, and moricizine therapy in patients with myocardial infarction. A possible explanation for increased mortality in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST).

BACKGROUNDThe Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) was designed to test the hypothesis that suppression of ventricular ectopy with antiarrhythmic drugs after a myocardial infarction reduces the incidence of sudden arrhythmic death. Patients in whom ventricular ectopy could be suppressed with encainide, flecainide, or moricizine were randomly assigned to receive either active drug or placebo. The encainide and flecainide arms of the study were discontinued in 1989 (CAST-I) and the moricizine arm in 1991 (CAST-II) because of excess mortality. To explore the mechanisms of these adverse outcomes, we examined the interaction of baseline characteristics with the hazard of therapy with encainide, flecainide, or moricizine compared with their respective placebos.METHODS AND RESULTSCAST-I comprised 755 patients assigned to flecainide or encainide and 743 patients assigned to placebo, whereas in CAST-II, 502 patients received moricizine and 491 patients received placebo. Clinical and laboratory baseline vari...
Positive Impacts of Modeling Instruction on Self-Efficacy

Analysis of the impact of Modeling Instruction (MI) on the sources of self‐efficacy for students in Introductory Physics 1 will be presented. We measured self‐efficacy through a quantitative diagnostic (SOSESC) developed by Fencl and Scheel [1] to investigate the impact of instruction on the sources of self‐efficacy in all introductory physics classes. We collected both pre‐ semester data and post‐semester data, and evaluated the effect of the classroom by analyzing the shift (Post‐Pre). At Florida International University, a Hispanic‐serving institution, we find that traditional lecture classrooms negatively impact the self‐efficacy of all students, while the MI courses had no impact for all students. Further, when disaggregating the data by gender and sources of self‐efficacy, we find that Modeling Instruction positively impacted the Verbal Persuasion source of self‐efficacy for women. This positive impact helps to explain high rates of retention for women in the MI classes.
Recent Applications Of Electronic Vision To Noncontact Automatic Inspection

The OPTOMATION TM Instrument System provides on-line capability for 100% non-contact inspection of parts or assemblies on high speed production lines. System operation is based on measurements which are made by extracting key visual features or discriminants from the image derived from a solid state Charge Injection Device (CID) camera, comparing those measurements with a set of predetermined values which establish acceptance or rejection criteria, and generating output decision signals to drive the system under control. In this paper, performance characteristics of the PN2303 OPTOMATION TM Instrument System are outlined. In addition, several specific system applications are described.
Relation between reaction time and loudness.

The loudness of one-third octave bands of noise centered at either 1, 2, or 4 kHz was measured in 10 normal-hearing young adults for sound levels of 50–90 dB SPL. Reaction times (RT) in response to...
Archival precipitation data set for the Mississippi River Basin: Algorithm development

[1] The goals of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) point to the need for high-resolution data sets on all elements of the land surface and atmospheric hydrologic cycle. A high-resolution precipitation data set has been derived from radar reflectivity observations taken from the National Weather Service WSR-88D radars in the continental U.S. The data set is available for a continuous five-year period (1996–2000) at an hourly, 4 × 4 km2 resolution for the Mississippi River Basin. Development of the data set involved data management and quality control of input radar-reflectivity, parameter estimation for radar-reflectivity transformation, and product accumulation and quality control of the precipitation product. Quality control algorithms for the input radar-reflectivity included procedures to deal with radar calibration differences, an especially important problem in developing a long-term, continental-scale data set for diverse hydroclimatological applications. Rainfall estimation was based on a Z-R conversion algorithm that involved an optimization technique to determine the parameters for the transformation of radar-reflectivity to rainfall. Rainfall accumulation involved integrating to hourly, 4 × 4 km2 resolution and then visually inspecting the final product. Some limitations of the algorithm are presented and suggestions are proposed for improving the development of a long-term, large-scale precipitation product. Initial comparisons of the radar-based product with a rain gauge based product after a quality analysis of both products show good agreement in the Mississippi River Basin.
Effects of Treating Adult Codling Moth with Sterilizing and Substerilizing Doses of Gamma Irradiation in a Low-Temperature Environment

Unfed adult Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) treated in a 3.0˚±2°C environment with 15 and higher krad of gamma irradiation lived 1–7 days longer than untreated moths. Eggs per female declined as the dose to either sex increased, and the reduction was greater when females only were treated or when treated females were paired with treated males. Males irradiated with 30 krad and paired with untreated females showed over 99.0% sterility. Three apparently normal F1 male adults resulted from 120 pairing between untreated females and males treated with 30 krad. An inverse relationship existed between the longevity of untreated females and eggs per female, and the increases in longevity of treated females proved to be a function of both dose of irradiation and oviposition.
Interstitial engraftment of adipose-derived stem cells into an acellular dermal matrix results in improved inward angiogenesis and tissue incorporation

Acellular dermal matrices (ADM) are commonly used in reconstructive procedures and rely on host cell invasion to become incorporated into host tissues. We investigated different approaches to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) engraftment into ADM to enhance this process. Lewis rat adipose-derived stem cells were isolated and grafted (3.0 × 105 cells) to porcine ADM disks (1.5 mm thick × 6 mm diameter) using either passive onlay or interstitial injection seeding techniques. Following incubation, seeding efficiency and seeded cell viability were measured in vitro. In addition, Eighteen Lewis rats underwent subcutaneous placement of ADM disk either as control or seeded with PKH67 labeled ASCs. ADM disks were seeded with ASCs using either onlay or injection techniques. On day 7 and or 14, ADM disks were harvested and analyzed for host cell infiltration. Onlay and injection techniques resulted in unique seeding patterns; however cell seeding efficiency and cell viability were similar. In-vivo studies showed significantly increased host cell infiltration towards the ASCs foci following injection seeding in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, regional endothelial cell invasion was significantly greater in ASCs injected grafts in comparison to onlay seeding (p < 0.05). ADM can successfully be engrafted with ASCs. Interstitial engraftment of ASCs into ADM via injection enhances regional infiltration of host cells and angiogenesis, whereas onlay seeding showed relatively broad and superficial cell infiltration. These findings may be applied to improve the incorporation of avascular engineered constructs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:2939–2947, 2013.
Understanding Employment Discrimination: A Multilevel Approach

This paper reviews recent research on employment discrimination on the basis of sex, race, and ethnicity in US work establishments. Unlike blatant discrimination of the past, contemporary discrimination is typically more subtle, often unintentional, and develops in relationship to the social context in which it is embedded. Focusing on this covert and dynamic nature of discrimination, we review recent research that identifies factors at the individual, workplace, and societal level that contribute to variation in sex and race discrimination across employment contexts. At each level, we conceptually distinguish between factors that influence employers’ sex and race biases and factors that affect potential victims’ capacity to identify discriminatory experiences at work.
Preparation of Biologically Active Ribosomal Subunits from Fungal Spores

Ribosomal subunits were prepared from fungal spore ribosomes and reassociated to yield biologically active ribosomes.
Framing the consequences of childhood obesity to increase public support for obesity prevention policy

Objectives. We examined the effects of messages describing consequences of childhood obesity on public attitudes about obesity prevention policy.Methods. We collected data from 2 nationally representative Internet-based surveys. First, respondents (n = 444) evaluated the strength of 11 messages about obesity’s consequences as reasons for government action. Second, we randomly assigned respondents (n = 2494) to a control group or to treatment groups shown messages about obesity consequences. We compared groups’ attitudes toward obesity prevention, stratified by political ideology.Results. Respondents perceived a message about the health consequences of childhood obesity as the strongest rationale for government action; messages about military readiness, bullying, and health care costs were rated particularly strong by conservatives, moderates, and liberals, respectively. A message identifying the consequences of obesity on military readiness increased conservatives’ perceptions of seriousness, endorsement ...
Link Shutdown Opportunities During Collective Communications in 3-D Torus Nets

As modern computing clusters used in scientific computing applications scale to ever-larger sizes and capabilities, their operational energy costs have become prohibitive. While it is an emerging trend in modern cluster design to optimize for low energy consumption in the individual computational nodes, little attention has been paid to reducing the energy used by the communication network that connects the nodes. In this work, we consider a 3D torus network similar to the one in BlueGene/L to explore opportunities for link shutdown during collective communication operations. For example, we demonstrate that in the case of all-to-one reduce codes, approximately 99% of the total network link time can be spent in a shutoff state on a 64-node toroidal network, thus reducing the overall system energy by approximately 15-28%.
Energy restriction reduces bone density and biomechanical properties in aged female rats.

Bone mineral density (BMD) is highly correlated with body weight, and weight loss is associated with reduced BMD. Whether such losses of BMD increase skeletal fragility is unclear. We examined the effect of 9 wk of energy restriction (ER) on bone density, mineral and matrix protein composition and biomechanical properties in mature (20 wk old, n = 12) and aged (48 wk old, n = 16) female rats. Energy-restricted rats were fed 40% less energy than controls that consumed food ad libitum. Bone content of mineral (ash and calcium content) and matrix proteins (hydroxyproline, pyridinium crosslinks and proteoglycans), serum hormones, site-specific bone density and biomechanical properties (peak load, peak torque, shear stiffness and bending stiffness) were measured at the conclusion of the study. In both age groups, ER reduced body weight by 15 ± 10% (P < 0.001) and dramatically decreased femoral bone density by 32-35% (P < 0.01) compared with controls. Energy restriction resulted in a small reduction in tibia and humerus density, as well as biomechanical properties in the aged but not mature rats (P < 0.05). Reduced serum levels of insulin and estradiol due to ER in aged rats (P < 0.05) may play a role in altering bone quality. These data show that although weight loss due to ER is detrimental to some bone parameters in mature rats, only aged rats show consistent reductions in bone density and biomechanical properties.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis Activity Is Accurately Reflected by the Presence and Level of CMV DNA in Aqueous Humor and Vitreous

To evaluate the potential of ocular and systemic specimens to provide markers of active cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, we examined the relationship between virologic and clinical aspects of CMV infections in AIDS patients with CMV retinitis. CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 74 aqueous humor and vitreous specimens indicated that ocular specimens can provide accurate markers to differentiate active and inactive CMV retinitis (aqueous or vitreous PCR, P<.001). Moreover, these markers were superior to extraocular measures, including plasma PCR (P=.08) and blood and urine CMV cultures (P=.05). A direct correlation was identified between the quantity of CMV DNA in aqueous humor or vitreous specimens and the corresponding surface area of active CMV retinitis (r2=.69 and.44, respectively). Thus, qualitative and quantitative PCR-based analyses of aqueous humor can provide valuable markers of CMV retinitis activity. Such assays could provide rapid and reliable tools to assist in management of patients with CMV retinitis in whom the view of the retina is obscured.
TxBox: Building Secure, Efficient Sandboxes with System Transactions

TxBox is a new system for sand boxing untrusted applications. It speculatively executes the application in a system transaction, allowing security checks to be parallelized and yielding significant performance gains for techniques such as on-access anti-virus scanning. TxBox is not vulnerable to TOCTTOU attacks and incorrect mirroring of kernel state. Furthermore, TxBox supports automatic recovery: if a violation is detected, the sand boxed program is terminated and all of its effects on the host are rolled back. This enables effective enforcement of security policies that span multiple system calls.
Managing and analysing data from a large-scale study on Framingham Offspring relating brain structure to cognitive function

At the Framingham Heart Study under separate research grant funding from the National Institute of Aging, NIH, we are gathering brain structure and cognitive information on the Framingham Offspring, creating one of the largest known data sets to assess changes in brain structure associated with normative ageing and cognitive decline. Subject recruitment, data collection, data management and statistical analysis require a collaborative integrated effort on the part of the Framingham project team. Here we describe this effort, as well as the various brain structure and cognitive function parameters we are now collecting. We are currently performing analyses of data collected through 2002, and we discuss the statistical issues arising relating brain structure parameters to cognitive function.
EFFECTS OF FIRE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) ON HATCHING TURTLES AND PREVALENCE OF FIRE ANTS ON SEA TURTLE NESTING BEACHES IN FLORIDA

Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) have increasingly been observed in loggerhead (Caretta caretta L.) and green (Chelonia mydas L.) sea turtle nests in Florida, and in the nests of freshwater turtles. They may be attracted to the disturbance, mucous and moisture associated with turtle nesting and establish foraging tunnels into turtle nests shortly after egg-laying, thus increasing the vulnerability of hatchlings to fire ant predation. We conducted experiments on a freshwater turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni Carr) to determine the potential impacts of S. invicta on turtle hatchlings. Over 70% of hatchlings were killed by S. invicta during pipping or shortly after hatching. To determine the extent of S. invicta infestation of sea turtle nesting beaches, we sampled known nesting beaches throughout the state of Florida. Beach surveys indicated that S. invicta are present and often abundant on most beaches and dunes along the Florida coast.
Surface-electrode point Paul trap

We present a model as well as experimental results for a surface electrode radiofrequency Paul trap that has a circular electrode geometry well suited for trapping single ions and two-dimensional planar ion crystals. The trap design is compatible with microfabrication and offers a simple method by which the height of the trapped ions above the surface may be changed in situ. We demonstrate trapping of single $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$${}^{+}$ ions over an ion height range of $200\ensuremath{-}1000$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$m for several hours under Doppler laser cooling and use these to characterize the trap, finding good agreement with our model.
Stability Region Analysis Using Simulations and Sum-of-Squares Programming

The problem of computing bounds on the region-of-attraction for systems with polynomial vector fields is considered. Invariant sets of the region-of-attraction are characterized as sublevel sets of Lyapunov functions. Finite dimensional polynomial parameterizations for the Lyapunov functions are used. A methodology utilizing information from simulations to generate Lyapunov function candidates satisfying necessary conditions for bilinear constraints is proposed. The suitability of the Lyapunov function candidates are assessed solving linear sum-of-squares optimization problems. Qualified candidates are used to compute provably invariant subsets of the region-of-attraction and to initialize various bilinear search strategies for further optimization. We illustrate the method on several small examples drawn from the literature.
Cytotoxic Agents from Bursera morelensis (Burseraceae): Deoxypodophyllotoxin and a New Lignan, 5′-Desmethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin

The isolation and identification of deoxypodophyllotoxin and a new lignan, 5'-desmethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin, from the dried exudate of Bursera morelensis (Burseraceae) are reported. Deoxypodophyllotoxin showed high activity in the KB and PS test systems; the new lignan, although highly active against the KB test system, demonstrated only marginal activity against the PS test system. A structure is suggested for the new lignan, which was named morelensin.
The Spirituality of Africa: The First Encounter

The article shows some moving occasions during the first fieldwork of Victor Turner and myself in Africa during the 1950s. For instance, the Ndembu people would always give great welcomes to their returning kin after long absences. The scenes are etched on my mind as a blueprint for all welcomes. On their friends return, the villagers would immediately gather and sing the simple song, “You're back, you're back!” Why did the people so much value each other? In this village I was learning about communitas. The scenes were etched on my mind as a blueprint for all sociality. They were like the Hallelujah Chorus, Beethoven's Song of Joy, the Marseillaise, “When the Saints Come Marching In”—many anthems of praise. They were unconditionally directed, the song of what we came to know as communitas. We were intensely interested and enjoyed the rituals just as they did; only they were unfamiliar to us. For the people, they were everything.
Data-driven adaptation of a union of sparsifying transforms for blind compressed sensing MRI reconstruction

Compressed Sensing has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where it enables accurate recovery of images from highly undersampled k-space measurements by exploiting the sparsity of the images or image patches in a transform domain or dictionary. In this work, we focus on blind compressed sensing, where the underlying sparse signal model is a priori unknown, and propose a framework to simultaneously reconstruct the underlying image as well as the unknown model from highly undersampled measurements. Specifically, our model is that the patches of the underlying MR image(s) are approximately sparse in a transform domain. We also extend this model to a union of transforms model that is better suited to capture the diversity of features in MR images. The proposed block coordinate descent type algorithms for blind compressed sensing are highly efficient. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework for MRI compared to several recent image reconstruction methods. Importantly, the learning of a union of sparsifying transforms leads to better image reconstructions than a single transform.
Integration of bevacizumab with chemotherapy doublets for advanced cervical cancer

Introduction: Historically, treatment options were limited for women diagnosed with late-stage or recurrent cervical cancer until recently. The publication of the results of GOG240 marks the beginning of the anti-angiogenesis era in cervical cancer. This randomized controlled trial showed significant improvements in response rates, progression-free survival and overall survival when bevacizumab was added to conventional chemotherapy in patients with metastatic, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer. Bevacizumab is the first new drug to be approved in this disease in over 8 years. It is also the first biologic agent to be approved for use in patients with a gynecologic malignancy.Areas covered: This review will highlight the evolution of combination chemotherapy for advanced cervical carcinoma, with particular emphasis on the recent ground-breaking research on the anti-angiogenesis therapy.Expert opinion: Experts believe that the discoveries surrounding angiogenesis inhibitors have changed the standard ...
A Fast Microphone Array SRP-PHAT Source Location Implementation using Coarse-To-Fine Region Contraction(CFRC)

Most real microphone-array applications require sound sources to be localized in a noisy, reverberant environment. In such conditions, the steered response power using the phase transform (SRP-PHAT) has been shown to be more robust than faster, two-stage, time-difference of arrival methods. The complication is that the SRP-PHAT space has many local extrema which has required computationally costly grid-search methods. In this paper, we introduce the use of coarse-to-fine region contraction (CFRC) to make computing the SRP practical. We compare CFRC cost and performance to that of using stochastic region contraction (SRC), a method we presented recently at ICASSP 2007, which showed the computation for SRC was reduced by about 3 orders of magnitude from a comparatively fine grid-search. Results here from real data from human talkers show that CFRC costs about the same as SRC overall, but requires only about 63% of SRC's cost under very noisy conditions.
Effectiveness of imazodan for treatment of chronic congestive heart failure

Abstract A 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of imazodan, a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was conducted in 147 patients with congestive heart failure to determine clinical efficacy and safety. Patients were randomized to placebo or 2, 5 or 10 mg of imazodan administered twice daily. Patients were maintained on their standard therapy including diuretics, digoxin and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The mean ejection fraction was 23 ± 10%. Exercise time increased from baseline in all 4 groups. There was no significant difference observed between the placebo group and any of the treated groups with regard to exercise time, ejection fraction, frequency of ventricular premature complexes or ventricular tachycardia. When analyzed by intent to treat, the placebo mortality was 7% (3 of 44) and the imazodan mortality was 8% (8 of 103) (p = not significant). This study failed to demonstrate that imazodan provided any benefit in exercise performance when compared with placebo.
Application of multi-zero artificial neural network to the design of an m-valued digital multiplier

An M-ary digital multiplier using artificial multi-zero neural networks and elementary analog arithmetic units has been derived. This multiplier should be accurate because its main arithmetic process is digital, while the speed should be very high because it is a free-running, parallel, and M-ary operation. The multi-zero neural network is a feedback artificial neural system consisting of N neurons. Each neuron is a nonlinear amplifier with input-output response function equal to a polynomial function containing 2M+1 real zeros. A unique property possessed by this nonlinear feedback system is that if the connection matrix is programmed correctly, any N-bit analog input vector will always be converged to an N-bit M-valued digital vector at the output. This output will be locked-in in place (or it can be memorized) even when the input is removed. >
Gender and Power: How Gender and Gender Environment Affect Manifestations of Power

We investigate the interaction of power, gender, and language use in the Enron email corpus. We present a freely available extension to the Enron corpus, with the gender of senders of 87% messages reliably identified. Using this data, we test two specific hypotheses drawn from the sociolinguistic literature pertaining to gender and power: women managers use face-saving communicative strategies, and women use language more explicitly than men to create and maintain social relations. We introduce the notion of “gender environment” to the computational study of written conversations; we interpret this notion as the gender makeup of an email thread, and show that some manifestations of power differ significantly between gender environments. Finally, we show the utility of gender information in the problem of automatically predicting the direction of power between pairs of participants in email interactions.
Optogenetic activation of mechanically insensitive afferents in mouse colorectum reveals chemosensitivity.

The sensory innervation of the distal colorectum includes mechanically insensitive afferents (MIAs; ∼25%), which acquire mechanosensitivity in persistent visceral hypersensitivity and thus generate...
Properties of Geopolymer Composites Reinforced with Basalt Chopped Strand Mat or Woven Fabric

Geopolymers or polysialates are inorganic polymeric, ceramic-like materials composed of alumina, silica, and alkali metal oxides that can be made without any thermal treatment. Additions of reinforcing phases vastly improve the mechanical properties and high-temperature stability of the geopolymer. The processing and mechanical properties of both chopped strand mat as well as 2-D woven fabric-reinforced potassium geopolymer composites have been evaluated. Hand lay-up and hydraulic press processing methods were used to produce composite panels. The room-temperature tensile and flexural strength of chopped strand mat composites was 21.0 ± 3.1 and 31.7 ± 4.4 MPa, respectively, while those of basalt weave-reinforced geopolymer composites reached 40.0 ± 5.9 and 45.2 ± 9.3 MPa, respectively. Composite microstructures were examined using optical microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mass, volume, and porosity fractions were also determined. The effect of high-temperature treatments at 25°C, 300°C, 600°C, and 800°C were analyzed. Finally, Weibull statistical analysis was performed, which showed an increase in reliability when a reinforcement phase was added to K-geopolymer.
What are the standards for the emergency anaesthetic services

Anaesthetists provide services throughout acute hospitals in areas such as the delivery floor and the intensive therapy unit as well as working in their traditional role in the operating theatre. Consensus standards of the number of staff needed to provide a satisfactory level of acute anaesthetic services, their qualifications and experience and the resources they require have been produced by a number of organizations. It is probable that many small and medium-sized district general hospitals will be unable to meet these standards without changes to traditional UK staffing structures.
Enlarged Spleen Prior to Allogeneic Transplantation for Myelofibrosis Is Associated with Poor Engraftment and Increased Non-Relapse Mortality

was done in all patients and 5 patients had 1-3 courses of DLI. On follow up of the 43 patients with MC, 24 achieved complete chimerism, 10 had stable mixed chimerism and 9 had rejection (mostly level 3 MC). Two patients developed mild graft versus host disease after DLI. Conclusion: Occurrence of mixed chimerism is common after allogeneic HSCT for thalassaemia after Fludarabine/ Treosulfan/Thiotepa conditioning. Rapid tapering of immunosuppression and judicious use of DLI helps in reducing the risk of secondary graft rejection. Closer monitoring of chimerism after HSCT needs to be done when such conditioning regimens are used. Intermediate-1 6 (20%) Intermediate-2 17 (57%) High 5 (17%) JAK 2 Kinase Positive 11 (37%) Negative 11 (37%) Unknown 8 (24) Spleen Enlarged 18 (60%) Normal 4 (13%) Removed 8 (27%) Albumin 1 Median 3.9 Min 2.6 Max 4.9 LDH 2 Median 487 Min 126 Max 1304 ECOG 0 5 1 17 2 4 Unknown 4
Negative induction in instrumental behavior reinforced by central stimulation

When 2 schedules of positive brain stimulation were used in a multiple schedule procedure, a negative induction phenomenon was observed. The effect was strongly time dependent, the depth of the depression was related to the duration of the preceding component, and the effort involved in actual responding did not seem important for the occurrence of the phenomenon.
Study of Acute Toxicology,Inheritance Toxicology and Sub-acute Toxicology of Coenzyme Q10

Objective:To study the acute toxicity,inheritance toxicity and sub-acute toxicity of coenzyme Q10.Method:The acute oral toxicity test,inheritance toxicity test including Ames test,polychromatic erythrocytes micronucleus test and sperm malformation test of coenzyme Q10 were carried out in mice and 30-day feeding test in rats was also conducted according to 《technical standards for testing assessment of health food》.Result:The result of acute toxicity in mice exceeded 20 000 mg·kg-1 and all the results of inheritance toxicity test were negative.During the 30-day feeding experiment the rats grew well and there were no significant differences in body weight and food consumption compared with the control group.At the end of the experiment,compared with the control group,there were also no significant differences in blood and biochemical examination,The histopathological changes in liver,kidney,stomach,intestines,spleen,testicle and ovawy were not observed in every group.Conclusion:Coenzyme Q10 is in non-toxic class;no inheritance toxicity and sub-acute toxicity were observed.
Analysis of Monitoring Results of Food Hygiene in Rudong County from 2001 to 2006

Objective To understand the current status of food hygiene in Rudong County,analyze the influencing factors that affected the food hygienic quality,and to provide the scientific basis for implementing hygiene monitoring and supervision in future.Methods Altogether 3,868 samples of 6 kinds of foods were tested and evaluated by national standard methods of food hygienic analysis during the period of 2001～2006.Results The average eligible rate was 75.96% in the 6-year period.The unqualified items mainly included cooked meat products,bottled drinking water,and fermented wine.The eligible rates of 6 kinds of foods were fluctuated between 71.78% and 81.22%.Conclusions For boosting the quality of food hygiene and ensuring food safety,it is necessary to further strengthen the monitoring and supervision on cooked meat products and other foods,enhance hygiene administration,and enforce hygiene law and regulations.