cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Diagnosis of Blocking Versus Nonblocking Planetary-Scale Circulation Changes during Synoptic-Scale Cyclogenesis.

Abstract A 17-day period during November 1980 is investigated to obtain insight into differing large-scale 500 mb circulation changes during three consecutive synoptic-scale cyclone “events” Each event is defined by at least one rapidly intensifying surface cyclone over eastern North America or the western Atlantic Ocean. The first event is followed in time by the retrogression of a downstream split-flow type of block at 500 mb. The second event is characterized by the intensification of a large-scale 500 mb trough into a blocking cyclonic vortex. During the third event, no blocking systems are established or intensified; instead, the blocking cyclonic vortex is ejected downstream. Quasi-geostrophic model diagnosis reveals that during the first two (blocking) events the large-scale waves are reinforced by relatively large and spatially and temporally persistent transports of potential vorticity associated with 500 mb synoptic-scale waves linked with the surface cyclones. In the third (nonblocking)event, d...
I yield one minute…: an analysis of the final speeches from the House impeachment hearings

Hearings held in the United States House of Representatives in December 1998 on the articles of impeachment of President Clinton presented an unusual opportunity to observe real-time argumentation. In this paper, I survey and discuss the various sorts of arguments made in the short, typically only one minute long, speeches given during the final hour of debate.
Critical behavior of the anisotropic n -vector model, self-avoiding rings, and polymerization

We study the critical behavior of the $m$-anisotropic $n$-vector model with $n$ and $m$ both as continuous variables [$0\ensuremath{\le}n,ml4\ensuremath{-}O(\ensuremath{\epsilon})$, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4\ensuremath{-}d$, $d$ = dimensionality of space] to first order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. The limit $n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, $mg0$ of the model is of interest as a model of self-avoiding rings and of polymerization. For $n\ensuremath{\ge}m,n,m$ integers, the critical behavior of the model is known to be that of the isotropic $m$-vector model, i.e., the $O(m)$ model. Here we prove that the critical behavior of the anisotropic model is always identical with that of the $O(m)$ model for real $n$,$m$ regardless of whether $n\ensuremath{\ge}m or nlm$. In particular, we prove that a single self-avoiding ring and a single self-avoiding walk belong to the same universality class of the $O(0)$ model, while polymerization belongs to the universality class of the $O(m)$ model, $mg0$.
Studies on uterine myosin A and actomyosin.

Abstract Myosin A was extracted from uterine muscle using 1 m LiCl as the extradant. The S 20 , D 20 , and [η] of the purified uterine myosin A was 6.4, 1.08, and 1.69, respectively. The molecular weight of this protein was 5.3 × 10 5 g mole −1 and its axial ratio 56. The optimal ATPase 4 activity of the Ca 2+ -activated uterine myosin A and actomyosin was found at pH 5.3. In the presence of millimolar concentrations of Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ , the energy of activation of the uterine myosin A or actomyosin ATPase was 11,000–13,000 cal/mole while in the absence of m m Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ , the energy of activation was 21,000 cal/mole. The K m values of uterine myosin A and actomyosin were in the 10 −4 m or 10 −5 m range. In the presence of 10 m m Ca 2+ and 0.6 m KCl, the ATPase of uterine myosin A was activated by 0.005 m DNP, while 5 × 10 −6 −5 × 10 −5 m PCMB inhibited rather than activated the enzyme. If m m Mg 2+ was added, the V m of the uterine actomyosin was very low and optimal ATPase activity was found between pH 7.5 and 9.0. In the presence of m m Mg 2+ , the ATPase of the uterine actomyosin enzyme revealed the presence of an initial phosphate burst. In mixtures containing low KCl concentration, the extra phosphate production was 18 times lower in the case of the uterine enzyme than in the case of the skeletal protein. The results are discussed in the light of a proposed correlation between the stability of the enzyme substrate complex (phosphoryl myosin) and the speed of muscular contraction.
Molecular imprinting using monomers with solid-state polymerization

Molecular imprinting of two diolefinic compounds with solid-state photopolymerization, 2,5-distyrylpyrazine (DSP) and diethyl p-phenylenediacrylate (EPA), was demonstrated. Solid nanoscale particles of the monomer were produced and deposited onto the surface of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer using the technique known as rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS). The particles were polymerized by UV light in the presence of an alkane template vapor. Both imprinted and non-imprinted devices were tested upon exposure to a variety of alkane vapors in the gas phase. The results demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity to vapors at or below the size of the template. A size exclusion mechanism of recognition is proposed.
Abstract 4791: Inhibition of Tumor Formation in Mice following Vaccination with DNA Encoding a Novel Xenogeneic Tumor Associated Auto-Antigen

Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is a novel auto-antigen involved in cellular transformation, proliferation and metastasis. Its over-expression has been demonstrated in several human malignancies including prostate, breast, and ovarian carcinomas. Murine TPD52 (mD52) has been shown to induce anchorage independent growth in vitro and spontaneous metastasis in vivo. Importantly, mD52 mirrors the function and normal tissue expression patterns of the human orthologue of TPD52 (hD52) and shares 86% identity at the amino acid level. Thus, TPD52 represents a self, non-mutated tumor associated auto-antigen that is important for maintaining a tumorigenic phenotype. The Transgenic Adeno-carcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model was employed to study TPD52 as a vaccine antigen. Naive mice were immunized with either mD52 or hD52 DNA. Following immunization, mice were challenged with a subcutaneous, tumorigenic dose of mD52 positive, autochthonous TRAMP-C1 tumor cells. Greater than 70% of mice were tumor free more than 10 months post tumor challenge when immunized with hD52 as a xenogenic DNA vaccine. Survivors of the initial tumor challenge rejected a second tumor challenge with TRAMP-C2 tumor cells given in the opposite flank approximately 138 days after the first challenge with TRAMP-C1, and remained tumor free for more than 6 months. The T cell cytokine secretion patterns from tumor challenge survivors indicated that a cellular immune response was involved in tumor rejection. These data suggest that hD52 xenogeneic DNA vaccination induced a memory, cellular immune response that resulted in superior protection from challenge with murine prostate-derived tumors that naturally over-express mD52 protein. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4791.
Splinoid interpolation on finite posets

The problem of interpolating data on the discrete nodes of a partially ordered set is considered. A solution in terms of a sort of cubic spline is described, as well as an application to test ''robustness'' on a chemically relevant substitution-reaction poset.
Noise adaptation in integrate-and-fire neurons

The statistical spiking response of an ensemble of identically prepared stochastic integrate-and-fire neurons to a rectangular input current plus gaussian white noise is analyzed. It is shown that, on average, integrate-and-fire neurons adapt to the root-mean-square noise level of their input. This phenomenon is referred to as noise adaptation. Noise adaptation is characterized by a decrease in the average neural firing rate and an accompanying decrease in the average value of the generator potential, both of which can be attributed to noise-induced resets of the generator potential mediated by the integrate-and-fire mechanism. A quantitative theory of noise adaptation in stochastic integrate-and-fire neurons is developed. It is shown that integrate-and-fire neurons, on average, produce transient spiking activity whenever there is an increase in the level of their input noise. This transient noise response is either reduced or eliminated over time, depending on the parameters of the model neuron. Analytical methods are used to prove that nonleaky integrate-and-fire neurons totally adapt to any constant input noise level, in the sense that their asymptotic spiking rates are independent of the magnitude of their input noise. For leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, the long-run noise adaptation is not total, but the response to noise is partially eliminated. Expressions for the probability density function of the generator potential and the first two moments of the potential distribution are derived for the particular case of a nonleaky neuron driven by gaussian white noise of mean zero and constant variance. The functional significance of noise adaptation for the performance of networks comprising integrate-and-fire neurons is discussed.
The electron bonded cytosine–guanine complex

Abstract In this work, we have performed quantum chemical calculations on a new form of the guanine–cytosine anion, in which the excess electron is suspended between the two systems. The vertical detachment energy calculations performed with the MP2 method yield a value of 0.40 eV, showing a stability relative to the addition of this excess electron. The effects of removing the excess electron are also presented, whereby a significant change in the structure occurs. In these geometry optimizations of the neutral structure initiated with geometry of the anion, we obtain a hydrogen-bonded dimer with energy lower than the anion.
Authoritarianism revisited: genetic and environmental influences examined in twins reared apart and together

Abstract Historically, authoritarian attitudes have been attributed to influences within the rearing environment, based on the incorrect assumption that similarity between family members demonstrates cultural transmission. To unconfound environmental and genetic influences, this paper examines right-wing authoritarianism [RWA; Altemeyer, 1981 , Altemeyer, 1988 , B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Winnipeg: University of Ottowa; Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers] employing data from 39 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic adult reared apart twin pairs and 423 monozygotic and 434 dizygotic adult reared together twin pairs. Genetic factors accounted for about 50% and unshared environment for 35% of the phenotypic variance; either common environment or assortative mating could explain the remaining reliable variance. Similarity in cognitive ability did not underlie the twin correlations on authoritarianism. Purportedly relevant environmental variables from the Moos and Moos Family Environmental Scale (FES), the Block Environment Questionnaire (BEQ) and the MISTRA life history were associated with RWA scores for individuals reared by biological relatives; among adoptees, however, these variables are unrelated to RWA scores.
Investments in ceramic science, engineering and education for sustainability by the U.S.A. National Science Foundation

In 2010 the U.S.A. National Science Foundation (NSF) started an initiative in Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (SEES) that is expected to continue through 2019 (according to the FY 2014 budget request). The overall mission of SEES is to advance science, engineering, and education to inform the societal actions needed for environmental and economic sustainability and sustainable human well-being. Along the way and at the conclusion of this initiative, many of the successful activities will be integrated into core NSF programs so they may continue to have impact beyond the lifetime of SEES. Predominantly, SEES has an interdisciplinary system focus, an emphasis on education and workforce development, and a motivation and plan for forming new partnerships and strengthening existing ones. Ceramics are key material components to many system solutions, particularly in the energy sector where structure and composition coupled with electrical and mechanical properties are important. As well, many areas critical to materials sustainability are of interest to ceramists, e.g., improving properties (e.g., durability), expanding the range of operational temperatures, and using safer elements that are abundant. In this paper, the NSF opportunities for funding, relevant topics of research, and examples of grants are described in more detail.
Gardner-Diamond Syndrome: Bruising Feeling

A 53-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with an atraumatic shoulder ecchymosis that was causing intense pain. Stressors included her significant other’s recent diagnosis of cancer and conflict with an adult daughter she described as belittling and demanding. Rather than depressed, the patient seemed dramatic and impressionistic in her style. Her shoulder lesion was ascribed to GardnerDiamond Syndrome (GDS), a rare blood dyscrasia associated with psychosocial stress, first diagnosed in this patient 10 years earlier. Also known as autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome or psychogenic purpura, GDS typically presents in females as recurrent spontaneous painful bruising over any body surface. Simultaneous complaints range from headaches and gastrointestinal tract complaints to arthralgias and paresthesias. Both physiologic and psychological etiologies have been suggested. Gardner and Diamond attributed lesions to autoimmune hypersensitivity induced by extravasated red blood cells. Agle and Ratnoff described prominent features of conversion disorder and histrionic personality disorder, as well as sadomasochistic relationships, with patients manipulated or frankly abused by significant others. Abnormal fibrin degradation and platelet dysfunction have been proposed as underlying stress-related bruising tendencies. Stigmas—“wounds” erupting during religious ecstasies in which locations correspond to Jesus Christ’s crucifixion injuries—have been linked to GDS. The inked lines on the photograph show the extent of bruising that appeared on the patient’s chest when told of hospital discharge that she considered premature. After physicians relented and granted additional hospital time, the purpura retreated within hours to the small central discoloration within the marked lines. Although the pathophysiology of GDS is elusive, hematologic, dermatological, neurologic, and psychiatric components will likely factor in ultimate explanations.
Chemistry: catalyst hunt accelerates.

High-throughput methods of synthesis and analysis are streamlining the search for new catalysts, reducing the timescale from years to days. A new class of polymerization catalysts is the latest discovery.
An Interdisciplinary Hands-On Module for Science Outreach in Resource-Limited Settings

Collaboration across disciplines has played a pivotal role in understanding and advancing science. However, opportunities to gain interdisciplinary research experience continue to remain uncommon. We have developed a hands-on, experimental module that uses an interdisciplinary approach, combining biology experiments and a physics-based analytical model, to address a scientific problem. This module was first implemented at the Hands-on Research in Complex Systems School held at The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy from 29 June - 11 July 2014. In our experience, this module was robust, reproducible, resource-efficient, and cost-effective. These serve as favorable features in taking this module to diverse settings such as undergraduate research manifestos, STEM camps, school programs, and laboratory training workshops. Given the paucity of structured training or education programs that integrate diverse scientific fields, this module can provide valuable, interdisciplinary, research experience in science outreach and education initiatives.
Evolving structural design solutions using an implicit redundant Genetic Algorithm

Performing synthesis during conceptual design provides substantial cost savings by selecting an efficient design topology and geometry, in addition to selecting the structural member properties. A new evolutionary-based representation, which combines redundancy and implicit fitness constraints, is introduced to represent and search for design solutions in an unstructured, multi-objective structural frame problem. The implicit redundant representation genetic algorithm, in tandem with the unstructured problem domain definition, allows the evaluation of diverse frame topologies and geometries. The IRR GA allows the representation of a variable number of location independent parameters, which overcomes the fixed parameter limitations of standard GAs. The novel frame designs evolved by the IRR GA synthesis design method compare favourably with traditional frame design solutions calculated by trial and error.
Fatal myocardial infarction resulting from coronary artery septic embolism after abortion: unusual cause and complication of endocarditis.

Abstract Significant medical complications after elective abortion are rare. However, complications do occur, and the emergency physician should always bear this in mind when evaluating a patient with significant illness who has recently undergone an elective abortion. Reported here is a case of postabortion endocarditis, manifesting as a septic coronary artery embolism, that led to a fatal acute myocardial infarction. [Caraballo V: Fatal myocardial infarction resulting from coronary artery septic embolism after abortion: Unusual cause and complication of endocarditis. Ann Emerg Med January 1997;29:175-177.]
Survivorship of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, from sewage sludge-treated fields

A long-term field study was begun in 1977 at Miami University to evaluate the effects of land application of sewage sludge on experimental old-field communities. The effects of sludge application on toxic metal concentrations in meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) organs during the first two years of the study have been reported. During the first two years of sludge application, no detrimental effects were observed in vole survivorship as a result of sludge treatment.
The role of non-critical binding proteins in the sensitivity of acetylcholin-esterase from different species to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP),

In vitro studies showed that organophosphate insecticides have different IC50 values (i.e., concentration of inhibitor required to inhibit 50% enzyme activity) for acetylcholinesterases (AChE's) from different species. Since previous reports indicated that the binding of active cholinesterase inhibitors to non-critical binding proteins is an important mechanism of detoxification of organophosphate insecticides in vivo, we investigated the role of non-critical binding proteins in synaptosomal membrane preparations from monkey, rat and chicken brain tissues as a possible explanation of the differences in the IC50's. The amount of non-critical binding proteins as well as critical binding sites, AChE, were determined by 3H-DFP binding in vitro. The affinity constants (Ka) and phosphorylation constants (Kp) of DFP for AChE's from these preparations were also determined by kinetic studies. In IC50 studies, monkey brain AChE was 1.5X and 3.2X more sensitive to DFP inhibition than chicken and rat brain AChE. The observed differences in IC50's cannot be explained on the basis of differences in the amount of non-critical binding proteins, since only small amount of non-critical binding proteins were found in these preparations. However, in the kinetic studies, monkey brain AChE had 3.7X and 2.1X higher affinity than chicken and rat brain AChE, respectively; and chicken brain AChE had about 2.7X faster rate of phosphorylation than the other two. It is therefore concluded that non-critical binding proteins are relatively unimportant in terms of affecting IC50's. The differences observed in IC50's are primarily due to different affinity and/or rate of phosphorylation of AChE active sites by DFP.
Modes of social support: The social support behaviors (SS‐B) scale

The SS-B appears to be a promising measure of five modes of available supportive behavior: emotional support, socializing, practical assistance, financial assistance, and advice/guidance. The measure was designed to assess supportive behavior available from family and from friends. For specific purposes the measure might be modified to tap enacted supportive behavior, as was done in Study 4, or might focus on different sources (cf. Tardy, 1985). Further evidence of the divergence of mode-specific scales would be valuable and might be demonstrated by comparing samples with mode-specific deficits, by comparing support received for different problem types (in a more sophisticated fashion than was done here), and by showing differentiated associations between modes of support and various outcome variables. The reliable and valid assessment of specific modes of supportive behavior is an important agenda item in social support research: Such a measure would allow more elaborate theories to be tested, and will undoubtedly prove essential in a complete understanding of social support processes.
The photoreceptor-specific 33 kDa phosphoprotein of mammalian retina: Generation of monospecific antibodies and localization by immunocytochemistry

The distribution in mouse retina of a 33,000 Da phosphoprotein (33 kDa) that complexes with the beta/gamma subunits of transducin (T beta gamma) and undergoes light-induced dephosphorylation was determined by immunocytochemistry. An antiserum containing antibodies for the 33 kDa protein and beta-transducin of mouse and bovine retinas was generated against the purified 33 kDa-T beta gamma complex from bovine retina. The antiserum reacts with beta-transducin derived from either 33 kDa-T beta gamma complex or transducin complex (T alpha beta gamma), but not with the alpha- or gamma-transducin. It also reacts with both the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated form of the 33 kDa-T beta gamma complex. Antibodies, monospecific for the 33 kDa and beta-transducin subunits respectively, were purified from the antiserum by immunoadsorption and used in immunocytochemical analysis of the respective antigens. The 33 kDa protein was found to be associated exclusively with the photoreceptor cells of the retinas, with the most intense staining in the inner and outer segments' layers and lighter staining in the synaptic terminal layers. beta-Transducin also is found in the photoreceptors, but some T beta immunoreactivity exists within the inner plexiform layer. The specific localization of the 33 kDa protein together with its light-modulated phosphorylation suggest that the 33 kDa-T beta gamma complex is involved in light-regulated activities of the rod photoreceptor cells.
Opponent-color cells can influence detection of small brief lights

Spectral sensitivities for small, brief lights presented on a neutral adapting field resemble the photopic luminosity function. The lights often appear achromatic near threshold. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis linking sensitivity to an independent class of nonopponent cells. To test this hypothesis, a variation of the Stiles two-color threshold procedure was used. Field sensitivities were measured with a small, brief 580 nm target presented on flashed fields of monochromatic light; a 633/541 nm flash mixture was also used. All stimuli were delivered on a 4.0 log td steady neutral adapting field. The field sensitivity and field mixture data refute the hypothesis. They argue instead that reg/green opponent cells can substantially influence the detectability of small, brief lights.
Cerebral tissue oxygenation in reversible focal ischemia in rats: multi-site EPR oximetry measurements

Multi-site electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry was used in vivo to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in reversible focal ischemia in rats. The cerebral tissue pO2 was measured simultaneously and continuously at two sites on the ischemic side and one on the normal side of the brain in the same animal prior to and at several time points after ischemia and reperfusion. The O2 at the three different sites in brain was stable over 30 min of baseline measurements. During the first 120 min of ischemia, statistically significant decreases in brain pO2 from baseline were consistently observed in the ischemic core and perifocal area. The mean values varied during the 120 min of ischemia. Reperfusion resulted in an immediate increase in pO2, but there were no significant differences between the sites over time. The result of this study seems promising for the study of ischemia and reperfusion. It appears that the technique can provide information on the pO2 under the experimental conditions needed for such a study. The levels of pO2 that occurred in these experiments are readily resolvable by multi-site EPR oximetry. In addition, the ability simultaneously to measure the pO2 in several sites provides important additional information that should help to differentiate between changes in the pO2 due toglobal or local mechanisms.
Consumers' implicit theories about personality influence their brand personality judgments

Abstract Three studies document that consumers' implicit theories about the fixedness/malleability of personality guide brand personality updating in a brand extension context. The first two studies show that extension fit with the parent brand impacts brand personality updating only for incremental (vs. entity theorists). Specifically, for incremental theorists, brand personality is enhanced (vs. diluted) when extension fit is poor (vs. good), and only when brand personality is salient. The third study identifies conditions under which entity theorists focus on brand personality. Interestingly, overall evaluations of the parent brand and extension vary only with extension fit. Implications of our research are discussed.
Real-energy: a new framework and a case study to evaluate power-aware real-time scheduling algorithms

In the past decades, many algorithms with the goal of achieving energy efficiency have been proposed for scheduling real-time tasks. Due to a lack of a unified testing framework, most of them were evaluated via simulations under their own experimental scenarios. However, finding their performance in real processors is essential if these algorithms are to be used in practice. In this paper, we design a unified framework to evaluate power-aware scheduling algorithms based on a real Intel PXA255 XScale processor, and present a case study to compare several key algorithms using DVS/Shut-Down. The energy efficiency and the quantitative difference in their performance as well as the practical issues found in the implementation of these algorithms are discussed. Our experiments show a gap between the theoretical results and the real results. Our framework not only gives researchers a tool to evaluate their system designs, but also helps them to bridge this gap in their future works.
Counterclockwise atrial flutter in dextrocardia

4 A 57-year-old woman with history of flutter had a surace ECG suggestive of clockwise (CW) atrial flutter with ositive F waves in leads II, III, and aVF and negative F ave in lead V1 (Figure 1). The complete absence of an R ave in lead I was noted. Chest x-ray film demonstrated extrocardia. Echocardiography established complete situs nversus with otherwise normal intracardiac anatomy. A duodecapolar (DD) catheter was positioned around the ricuspid annulus in the anatomic right atrium (RA) with the istal tip located at the medial cavotricuspid isthmus (Figure ). Electrophysiologic mapping of the atrial flutter demontrated earliest activation in the electrogram recorded from D poles 19,20 and latest activation at DD poles 5,6. Top eft image shows an LAO view (camera in the RAO position elative to the torso) of the heart and the direction of flutter white arrows) as shown by the intracardiac tracings demnstrating the earliest activation in DD19,20 and counterlockwise (CCW) rotation of flutter in the RA. Top right anel shows the RAO view (camera in the LAO position elative to the torso). (ABL ablation catheter; CS oronary sinus catheter; His His-bundle catheter; HRA igh right atrial catheter; RV right ventricle.) Entrainent demonstrated that the tricuspid valve–inferior vena ava (IVC) isthmus was part of the circuit. The tachycardia as cured by ablation of the isthmus. Typical atrial flutter is a macroreentrant tachycardia
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 inhibits breast tumor kinase activation of STAT3

Breast tumor kinase (Brk) was originally isolated from a human metastatic breast tumor, but also is found expressed in other epithelial tumors and in a subset of normal epithelia. Brk is a tyrosine kinase and its expression in breast carcinoma has been linked to tumor progression. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the substrate targets of Brk, and elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 is known to contribute to oncogenesis. Conventional activation of STAT3 occurs in response to cytokine stimulation of Janus tyrosine kinases (JAK). One of the negative regulators discovered in cytokine signaling of the JAK-STAT pathway is the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). In this report we describe the finding that SOCS3 can also inhibit the unconventional target, Brk. Investigation of the mechanism by which SOCS3 inhibits Brk reveals the SOCS3 protein binds to Brk primarily via its SH2 domain, and its main inhibitory effect is mediated by the SOCS3 kinase inhibitory region (KIR). SOCS3 has only a modest effect on promoting Brk degradation, and this requires the C-terminal SOCS box domain. SOCS3 is the only known inhibitor of Brk, and knowledge of the mechanisms by which SOCS3 inhibits Brk may lead to methods that block Brk in cancer progression.
Accuracy of diagnosis of bacterial diarrheal disease by clinical features

thrombocytopenia in the newborn infant treated by total excision, J. PEDIAT. 59" 238, 1961. 4. James, D. H., and Tuttle, A. H.: Congenital hemangioma with thrombocytopenia, J. PEDIAT. 59: 234, 1961. 5. Katz, H. P., and Askin, J.: Multiple hemangiomata with thrombocytopenia, Amer. J. Dis. Child. 115: 351, 1967. 6. Raphan, H.: Multiple hemangiomas of the skin, liver and intestinal tract, Helv. Paediat. Acta h 56, 1966. 7. Sutherland, D. A., and Clark, H.: Hemangioma associated with thrombocytopenia, Amer. J. Med. 33: t50, 1962. 8. Weissman, J., and Tagnon, H. J.: Syndrome of hemangioma and thromboeytopenic purpura in infants, Arch. Intern. Med. 92: 523, 1953. 9. Wilson, C. H., and Haggard, M. E.: Giant vascular tumors and thrombocytopenia, Arch. Derm. 81: 432, 1960. 10. Kasabach, H. H., and Merritt, K. K.: Capillary hemangioma with extensive purpura: Report of a case, Amer. J. Dis. Child. 59: 1063, 1940. 11. Thatcher, L. G., Clatanoff, D. V., and Stiehm, E. R.: Splenic hemangioma with thrombocytopenia and afibrinogenemia, J. PEDIAT. 73: 345, 1968. 12. Zervos, N., Vlachos, J., Karpathios~ T., and Mantas, J.: Giant hemangioma of the spleen with thrombocytopenia and fibrinogen deficiency, Acta Paediat. Scand. 172: 206, 1967. (Suppl.) 13. Berendes, H.: The structure and scope of the collaborative project on cerebral palsy, mental retardation and other neurological and sensory disorders of infancy and childhood, in Chipman, S. S., Lilienfeld, A. M., Greenberg, B. G., and Donnelly, J. F., editors: Research methodology and needs in perinatal studies, Springfield, Illinois, 1966, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, pp. 118-138. 14. Froehlich, L. A., Fujikura, T., and Fisher, P.: Chorioangiomas and their clinical implications. In press. 15. Siddall, R. S.: Chorioangiofibroma (Chorioangioma), Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 8: 430, 1924. I6. Benson, P. F., and Joseph, M. C.: Cardiomegaly in a newborn due to placental chorioangioma, Brit. Med. J. h 102, 1961. 17. Wolman, I. J.: Thrombocytopenic purpura of the newborn, in Laboratory applications in clinical pediatrics, New York, 1957, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., pp. 283284. 18. Rodriguez, S. A., Leikin, S. L., and Hiller, M. C.: Neonatal thrombocytopenia associated with ante-partum administration of thiazide drugs, New Eng. J. Med. 270: 881, 1964.
LG-06EFFECTS OF TORC1/2 INHIBITOR MLN0128 ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH MEK INHIBITION IN BRAF MUTATED GLIOMA CELLS

INTRODUCTION: First generation allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1 have shown clinical benefit for the treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG). MEK inhibition has shown great promise in early phase clinical trials for PLGG with the hypothesis that tumors carrying the KIAA1549:BRAF are particularly sensitive to such treatment. MLN0128, a second-generation, ATP-competitive, pan-mTOR kinase inhibitor, acts on both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Herein we investigate the effects of MLN0128 monotherapy as well as in combination with MEK inhibition in models of PLGG. METHODS: We used human glioma cell lines containing BRAFV600E (AM38), wild-type BRAF (LN229, TN98, SF188) and isogenic systems of KIAA1549:BRAF-expressing NIH3T3 cells. Signaling inhibitors included MLN0128, everolimus, BRAFV600E specific inhibitor PLX4720 and MEK specific inhibitors AZD6244 and GSK1120212. Cell proliferation was determined using an ATP-based assay. Biochemical effects were assessed using western blot analysis. In vivo activity of these inhibitors are ongoing using the BT40 PLGG xenograft mouse model. RESULTS: MLN0128 monotherapy shows stronger anti-proliferative effects compared to everolimus across cell lines independent of BRAF status. As expected, treatment with MLN0128 leads to down-regulation of p-AKT and p-4EBP1, whereas treatment with everolimus only reduces expression of p-S6. MEK inhibition with AZD6244 effectively decreases p-ERK expression in all lines; however, the addition of MLN0128 to AZD6244 causes a rebound in p-ERK expression in BRAFWT gliomas but not in gliomas expression BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF alterations. In cells carrying either the BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF alteration, combined treatment with MLN0128 and GSK1120212 or AZD6244 leads to synergistic anti-proliferative effects whereas such synergy is not present in BRAFWT gliomas. In vivo studies in the PLGG xenograft model BT40 are ongoing. CONCLUSION: MLN0128 has synergistic effects with MEK inhibition in gliomas bearing BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF. In BRAF wild-type cells such synergy is not present, perhaps due to rebound in p-ERK when MLN0128 is combined with AZD6244.
Intensity and rate of distress calling in chicks as a function of social contact

Abstract Ten Black Sex-Link chicks were raised with 2 hens for the first week after hatching. On days 7, 8, and 9 following hatching the vocalizations of the chicks were measured in three experimental conditions: when the chicks were alone, when they could hear but not see one of the mother hens (SNS), and when they could hear and see the mother hen (SAS). The rate of distress calling at high intensities decreases significantly with each increase in maternal contact, while the rate of calling at lower intensities increases. Increasing contact with the hen also produces increased numbers of contentment notes.
Contemporary Responses to Violent Attacks on College Campuses

In this article, the authors review efforts to increase the availability of crime data to students and parents, utilize security technologies on campus, allow members of campus communities to carry concealed weapons, use criminal or potential shooter profiling, employ threat assessment techniques, and implement emergency response plans to address attacks. Limited or no empirical support exists for efforts to increase the availability of data on campus crime, allow concealed weapons carriers on campus, increase security technologies on campus, and use criminal profiling techniques to identify threatening students. However, support exists for threat assessment procedures, strategies to increase threat reporting, and for emergency management plans. Although it is impossible to rid colleges completely of violence, this review underscores the importance of encouraging all members of the college community to commit to supporting safe, free, and open college communities.
Female gender and oral anticoagulants are associated with wound complications in lower extremity vein bypass: an analysis of 1404 operations for critical limb ischemia.

Background Infrainguinal bypass (IB) surgery is an effective means of improving arterial circulation to the lower extremity for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). However, wound complications (WC) of the surgical incision following IB can impart significant morbidity. Methods A retrospective analysis of WC from the 1404 patients enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial of vein bypass grafting for CLI was performed. Univariate and multivariable regression models were used to determine WC predictors and associated outcomes, including graft patency, limb salvage, quality of life (QoL), resource utilization (RU), and mortality. Results A total of 543 (39%) patients developed a reported WC within 30 days of surgery, with infections (284, 52%) and hematoma/hemorrhage (121, 22%) being the most common type. Postoperative anticoagulation (odds ratio [OR], 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.202 to 2.009; P = .0008) and female gender (OR, 1.376; 95% CI, 1.076 to 1.757; P = .0108) were independent factors associated with WC. Primary, primary-assisted, and secondary graft patency rates were not influenced by the presence of WC; though, patients with WC were at increased risk for limb loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.511; 95% CI 1.096 to 2.079; P = .0116) and higher mortality (HR, 1.449; 95% CI 1.098 to 1.912; P = .0089). WC was not significantly associated with lower QoL at 3 months (4.67 vs 4.79, P = .1947) and 12 months (5.02 vs 5.13, P = .2806). However, the subset of patients with serious WC (SWC) demonstrated significantly lower QoL at 3 months compared with patients without WC, (4.43 vs 4.79, respectively, P = .0166), though this difference was not seen at 12 months (4.94 vs 5.13, P = .2411). Patients with WC had higher RU than patients who did not have WC. Mean index length of hospital stay (LOS) was 2.3 days longer, mean cumulative 1-year LOS was 8.1 days longer, and mean number of hospitalizations was 0.5 occurrences greater for patients with WC compared with patients without WC (all P Conclusions WC is a frequent complication of IB for CLI, associated with increased risk for major amputation, mortality, and greater RU. Further detailed investigation into the link between female gender and oral anticoagulation use with WC may help identify causes of WC and perhaps prevent or lessen their occurrence.
A new animal model of Bordetella pertussis infection and immunity

Bordetella pertussis is a strictly human pathogen. Experimental infection of other animals can occur with large inoculating doses; rat, mice and primate models have been used to study pathogenesis and immunity. Recently, it was shown that newborn piglets are susceptible to B. pertussis. Lung pathophysiology of infected piglets was similar to that of human infants that develop bronchopneumonia. Piglets and infants are anatomically similar and maternal antibodies are transferred and secreted by a similar mechanism. This model could be valuable for studying the roles of passively and actively acquired immunity against B. pertussis.
Algorithm 833: CSRFPACK---interpolation of scattered data with a C1 convexity-preserving surface

We describe a Fortran-77 software package for constructing a C1 convex surface that interpolates a convex data set consisting of data values at arbitrarily distributed points in the plane (nodes) such that there exists a triangulation of the nodes for which the triangle-based piecewise linear interpolant is convex. The method consists of constructing this data-dependent triangulation, computing a set of nodal gradients for which there exists a convex piecewise linear Hermite interpolant H of the nodal values and gradients, and applying convolution smoothing to H.
Simulations of dynamic sequential search algorithms

In [3], R.L. Rivest presents a set of methods for dynamically reordering a sequential list containing N records in order to increase search efficiency. The method Ai (for i between 1 and N) performs the following operation each time that a record R has been successfully retrieved: Move R forward i positions in the list, or to the front of the list if it was in a position less than i. The method A1 is called the transposition method, and the method AN-1 is called the move-to-front method.
Regulation of synaptic stability by AMPA receptor reverse signaling

The establishment of neuronal circuits relies on the stabilization of functionally appropriate connections and the elimination of inappropriate ones. Here we report that postsynaptic AMPA receptors play a critical role in regulating the stability of glutamatergic synapses. Removal of surface AMPA receptors leads to a decrease in the number and stability of excitatory presynaptic inputs, whereas overexpression increases synapse number and stability. Furthermore, overexpression of AMPA receptors along with Neuroligin-1 in 293T cells is sufficient to stabilize presynaptic inputs from cortical neurons onto heterologous cells. The stabilization of presynaptic inputs by AMPA receptors is not dependent on receptor-mediated current and instead relies on structural interactions mediated by the N-terminal domain of the glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit. These observations indicate that transsynaptic signaling mediated by the extracellular domain of GluR2 regulates the stability of presynaptic terminals.
Transactivation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α by the GTPase-Deficient Activated Mutant of Gα12

The GTPase-deficient, activated mutant of Galpha12 (Galpha12Q229L, or Galpha12QL) induces neoplastic growth and oncogenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Using microarray analysis, we have previously identified a role for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) in Galpha12-mediated cell growth (R. N. Kumar et al., Cell Biochem. Biophys. 41:63-73, 2004). In the present study, we report that Galpha12QL stimulates the functional expression of PDGFRalpha and demonstrate that the expression of PDGFRalpha by Galpha12QL is dependent on the small GTPase Rho. Our results indicate that it is cell type independent as the transient expression of Galpha12QL or the activation of Galpha12-coupled receptors stimulates the expression of PDGFRalpha in NIH 3T3 as well as in human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of an autocrine loop involving PDGF-A and PDGFRalpha in Galpha12QL-transformed cells. Analysis of the functional consequences of the Galpha12-PDGFRalpha signaling axis indicates that Galpha12 stimulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway through PDGFR. In addition, we show that Galpha12QL stimulates the phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 via AKT in a PDGFRalpha- and PI3K-dependent manner. Since AKT promotes cell growth by blocking the transcription of antiproliferative genes through the inhibitory phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factors, our results describe for the first time a PDGFRalpha-dependent signaling pathway involving PI3K-AKT-FKHRL1, regulated by Galpha12QL in promoting cell growth. Consistent with this view, we demonstrate that the expression of a dominant negative mutant of PDGFRalpha attenuated Galpha12-mediated neoplastic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells.
Isolation and characterization of the N-terminal 23-kilodalton fragment of myosin subfragment 1

The 23-kDa N-terminal tryptic fragment was isolated from the heavy chain of rabbit skeletal myosin subfragment 1 (S-1). The heavy-chain fragments were dissociated by guanidine hydrochloride following limited trypsinolysis, and the 23-kDa fragment was isolated by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Finally, the fragment was renatured by removing the denaturants. The CD spectrum of the renatured fragment shows the presence of ordered structure. The tryptophan fluorescence emission spectrum of the fragment is considerably shifted to the red upon adding guanidine hydrochloride which indicates that the tryptophans are located in relatively hydrophobic environments. The two 23-kDa tryptophans, unlike the rest of the S-1 tryptophans, are fully accessible to acrylamide as indicated by fluorescence quenching. The isolated 23-kDa fragment cosediments with F-actin in the ultracentrifuge and significantly increases the light scattering of actin in solution which indicates actin binding. The binding is rather tight (Kd = 0.1 microM) and ionic strength dependent (decreasing with increasing ionic strength). ATP, pyrophosphate, and ADP dissociate the 23-kDa-actin complex with decreasing effectiveness. The isolated 23-kDa fragment does not have ATPase activity; however, it inhibits the actin-activated ATPase activity of S-1 by competing presumably with S-1 for binding sites on actin. F-Actin binds to the 23-kDa fragment immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane. The fragment was further cleaved, and one of the resulting peptides, containing the 130-204 stretch of residues, was found to bind actin on the nitrocellulose membrane, indicating that this region of the 23-kDa fragment participates in forming an actin binding site.
Viewer Independent Shape Recognition

An important problem in vision is to detect the presence of a known rigid 3-D object. The general 3-D object recognition task can be thought of as building a description of the object that must have at least two parts: 1) the internal description of the object itself (with respect to an object-centered frame); and 2) the transformation of the object-centered frame to the viewer-centered (image) frame. The reason for this decomposition is parsimony: different views of the object should have minimal impact on its description. This is achieved by factoring the object's description into two sets of parameters, one which is view-independent (the object-centered component) and one which is view-varying (the viewing transformation). Often a description of the object is known beforehand and the task reduces to finding the objectframe to viewer-frame transformation. This paper describes a method for handling this case: a known object is detected by finding changes in orientation, translation, and scale of the object from its canonical description. The method is a Hough technique and has the characteristic insensitivity to occlusion and noise.
Psychological need-satisfaction, and basketball performance

Abstract Objectives We applied self-determination theory ( Deci & Ryan, 2000 ) to examine whether pre-game psychological need-satisfaction predicts the quality of sports performance, and whether performance, in turn, predicts post-game need-satisfaction. Design/method Undergraduate participants competing in a recreational league basketball season completed autonomy, competence, and relatedness need-satisfaction measures before and after games ( N = 150 person-games). For each game, data were collected on the number of one, two, and three point shots taken, as well as shooting percentages for each type of shot. Results Participants with greater pre-game autonomy performed best overall during games, although this pattern did not emerge within-subjects. Good game performance predicted enhanced post-game relatedness and competence, both between- and within-subjects. Conclusion Implications for optimal sports performance are considered.