cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing Steam Costs in the Dairy Plant

Summary The possibility of increasing efficiency, decreasing the steam requirements, decreasing the unit costs, and thereby the total cost of steam operations for your plant is in your hands. Start at the boiler. Analyze your needs with respect to pressure, and possibly eliminate high-pressure steam systems. With low pressure, the cost of steam can be reduced one-half for plants processing less than 80,000 lb. per day. For instance, a 40,000 lb.-per-day plant spends approximately $24 per day for high-pressure steam, but by using low-pressure steam, the daily cost of operation can be reduced to $12 or less per day. Then, analyze the efficiency of the boiler and its distribution system, including valves, connections, insulation, etc. Trace the steam to the equipment in which it is used. Check the operation of equipment, to make sure that every pound of steam which enters the equipment does useful work. By using better methods each plant could on the average reduce its steam requirements by five pounds for each 100 lb. of milk processed. This would amount to a daily savings of approximately $6 per day for a plant handling 40,000 lb. per day.
Role of vasopressin in long-term preferences of sucrose and polycose under ad-libitum and food-restricted conditions

Abstract Vasopressin-deficient (DIand vasopressin-containing (LE) rats were given continuous access to 32% sucrose and 32% Polycose solutions under ad-libitum and food-restricted conditions in a long-term preference test. Although all animals preferred Polycose to sucrose in both conditions, food restriction introduced a stress that significantly increased the consumption of Polycose in DI rats. Considering total caloric intake, Polycose was preferred by both strains only under food restriction and the effect was greatly exacerbated in DI animals compared to LE animals. The differences observed between DI and LE animals in response to ad-libitum feeding and food-restriction stress indicate that vasopressin, directly and/or indirectly, influences the physical and metabolic functions and processes of the animals, which, in turn, affect their intake of Polycose.
Thermal Responses in Underground Experiments in a Dome Salt Formation

Identification of suitable sites and construction of radioactive waste repositories is the goal of the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) Program. To provide design information for a repository in dome salt, in-situ experiments with nonradioactive heat sources are planned.
Longitudinal assessment of intellectual abilities of children with Williams syndrome: multilevel modeling of performance on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-Second Edition.

Abstract Multilevel modeling was used to address the longitudinal stability of standard scores (SSs) measuring intellectual ability for children with Williams syndrome (WS). Participants were 40 children with genetically confirmed WS who completed the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test—Second Edition (KBIT-2; A. S. Kaufman & N. L. Kaufman, 2004) 4–7 times over a mean of 5.06 years. Mean age at first assessment was 7.44 years (range = 4.00–13.97 years). On average, KBIT-2 Composite IQ, Verbal SS, and Nonverbal SS were stable from 4 to 17 years, although there were significant individual differences in intercept (Composite IQ, Verbal SS, Nonverbal SS) and slope (Composite IQ, Nonverbal SS). Maternal education was significantly related to Verbal SS intercept. No significant sex differences were found. Implications for studies of genotype/phenotype correlations in WS are discussed.
Language and Self-Construal Priming A Replication and Extension in a Hong Kong Sample

Previous research has argued that language serves as a cognitive cue to reinforce culturally normative self-construals. We hypothesize that language-priming effects would be stronger for women than men and that they would primarily occur for self-construals that are not already latently salient in the respondents’ culture. Also, in contrast to earlier research on language priming of self-construals, we rely on Singelis’s independent and interdependent self-construal scales as closed-ended dependent measures. Using a bilingual sample from Hong Kong (n = 126), we experimentally varied questionnaire language (English vs. Chinese) and found support for all our predictions. The discussion focuses on cue strength as moderator of language-priming effects.
Oasis: A framework for linking notification delivery to the perceptual structure of goal-directed tasks

A notification represents the proactive delivery of information to a user and reduces the need to visually scan or repeatedly check an external information source. At the same time, notifications often interrupt user tasks at inopportune moments, decreasing productivity and increasing frustration. Controlled studies have shown that linking notification delivery to the perceptual structure of a user's tasks can reduce these interruption costs. However, in these studies, the scheduling was always performed manually, and it was not clear whether it would be possible for a system to mimic similar techniques. This article contributes the design and implementation of a novel system called Oasis that aligns notification scheduling with the perceptual structure of user tasks. We describe the architecture of the system, how it detects task structure on the fly without explicit knowledge of the task itself, and how it layers flexible notification scheduling policies on top of this detection mechanism. The system also includes an offline tool for creating customized statistical models for detecting task structure. The value of our system is that it intelligently schedules notifications, enabling the reductions in interruption costs shown within prior controlled studies to now be realized by users in everyday desktop computing tasks. It also provides a test bed for experimenting with how notification management policies and other system functionalities can be linked to task structure.
Mean Structure and Interannual Variability of the Slopewater System South of Newfoundland

Abstract Two sets of repeat hydrographic sections, centered at 55°W and 50°W, are used to study the mean features and long-term variability of the slopewater system south of Newfoundland, inshore of the Gulf Stream. The upper-layer flow is considered first, consisting of the westward-flowing Labrador Current at the shelfbreak (input into the slopewater system) and the eastward-flowing slopewater current over midslope (export out of the slopewater system). Particular attention is paid to the slopewater current, as this is a less well-known feature. The velocity structure of the slopewater current is different at the two longitudes, associated with a change in structure of the density front. Its mean transport is found to be significantly less than historical estimates. Both the lateral position and the strength of the current vary on long timescales. These fluctuations are correlated with the variability of the Labrador Current, as well as with changes in the deeper components of the slopewater (the Labrad...
Phenotypic heterogeneity in monogenic diabetes: the clinical and diagnostic utility of a gene panel-based next-generation sequencing approach.

Abstract Single gene mutations that primarily affect pancreatic β-cell function account for approximately 1–2% of all cases of diabetes. Overlapping clinical features with common forms of diabetes makes diagnosis of monogenic diabetes challenging. A genetic diagnosis often leads to significant alterations in treatment, allows better prediction of disease prognosis and progression, and has implications for family members. Currently, genetic testing for monogenic diabetes relies on selection of appropriate individual genes for analysis based on the availability of often-limited phenotypic information, decreasing the likelihood of making a genetic diagnosis. We thus developed a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay for the detection of mutations in 36 genes known to cause monogenic forms of diabetes, including transient or permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM or PNDM), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and rare syndromic forms of diabetes. A total of 95 patient samples were analyzed: 19 with known causal mutations and 76 with a clinically suggestive phenotype but lacking a genetic diagnosis. All previously identified mutations were detected, validating our assay. Pathogenic sequence changes were identified in 19 out of 76 (25%) patients: 7 of 32 (22%) NDM cases, and 12 of 44 (27%) MODY cases. In 2 NDM patients the causal mutation was not expected as consanguinity was not reported and there were no clinical features aside from diabetes. A 3year old patient with NDM diagnosed at 3months of age, who previously tested negative for INS , KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutations, was found to carry a novel homozygous mutation in EIF2AK3 (associated with Wolcott–Rallison syndrome), a gene not previously suspected because consanguinity, delayed growth, abnormal bone development and hepatic complications had not been reported. Similarly, another infant without a history of consanguinity was found to have a homozygous GCK mutation causing PNDM at birth. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-gene panel analysis in uncovering molecular diagnoses in patients with monogenic forms of diabetes.
Pulmonary aspergillosis: an unusual cytologic presentation.

Cytologic identification of Aspergillus is usually based on recognition of hyphal elements; conidia are rarely seen. We report a case of autopsy-proven pulmonary Aspergillosis which was studied antemortem by bronchoalveolar lavage. This mass arose in the clinical setting of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis. The specimen contained numerous conidia, some of which exhibited germination. No hyphae were seen. This unusual cytologic expression of clinically significant fungal disease could be easily overlooked. Distinction of Aspergillus conidia from contaminating pollen is discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Where is The Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) Today

The SSC is a high luminosity pp collider designed to achieve 40 TeV in the center of mass. Depending on the final magnetic field chosen the main ring will be between 90 and 165 km in circumference. Construction of the SSC has been recommended to the DOE by HEPAP* for completion in the early 1990’s. The Universities Research Association has been designated by the DOE to do R/D and prepare a design proposal, construction plan and cost estimate. Model magnets are being tested and a field level will be chosen before October 1985. A design proposal will be submitted in April 1986.
Effects of microbial particles on oceanic optics: Methodology for radiative transfer modeling and example simulations

Radiative transfer numerical modeling provides a powerful means of separating and understanding the effects of various types of microbial particles on oceanic light fields. We illustral:e the methodology for achieving this separation and provide various idealized examples. We begin with a database of the single-particle optical properties of marine microbial particles and then construct the total absorption and! scattering properties of natural waters for given concentrations of the various particle types. When used as input to the Hydrolight radiative transfer numerical model, these absorption and scattering properties generate underwater light fields. Because this modeling process rests upon the optical properties of the individual microbial components, rather than just on the total absorption and scattering properties of a water body, it is possible to analyze the e:ffects of the various particulate components on quantities such as diffuse attenuation coefficients and remote-sensing reflectances. We find that different microbial compositions in two water bodies can give considerably different optical properties, even though the chlorophyll concentration is the same in each of the water bodies. Our simulations show how variability in chlorophyll concentrations obtained from remotely sensed ocean color signals can be explained by the detailed composition of the water body. This approach suggests that it may be possible to distinguish between blooms of small picophytoplankton and larger nanophytoplankton by using remotely sensed signals. Stramski and Mobley (1997, hereafter referred to as SM) described a database of single-particle optical properties for five types of microbial particles. These particle types were marine viruses (VIR), heterotrophic bacteria (BAC), cyanobacteria (CYA), small nanophytoplanktonic diatoms (DIA), and nanophytoplanktonic chlorophytes (CHLO). In the present paper, the particular microbes found in the database are viewed as representatives of broader classes of particles. For example, the particular species of DIA in the database (Thalussiosiru pseudonana) has cells with diameters of -4 Frn, and the particular species of CHL0 (Dunaliella tertiolecta) has cells -8 p,m in size. We thus take DIA as representative of small nanophytoplankton of size 4 pm, and we take CHL0 as representative of nanophytoplankton of size 8 pm. The particular species involved are not important for the purposes of this paper. Moreover, it is sufficient for our present purposes to consider only five types of microbial particles, even though realistic simulations of actual water bodies might require more microbial types (such as prochlorophytes, larger bloom-forming species, or coccolithophores). We do include detritus (DET) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in some of our examples. The database includes, among other things, the single-particle absorption and scattering cross sections, o,(X) and a,(X), respectively, and the scattering phase functions p(0,
Using Appraisal Theory to Predict Emotional and Coping Responses to Hurtful Messages

Based on appraisal theory (Lazarus 1991; 1999), this study examined the degree to which primary and secondary cognitive appraisals of hurtful messages predict the amountof hurt individuals feel, and the coping behaviors they enact. This study presents a significant step forward in its operationalization of both primary and secondary appraisal variables by treating hurt as an outcome, rather than an antecedent, of the appraisal process, and considers an extensive range of coping responses. We surveyed participants (N = 217) about hurtful messages they received within an array of relationship types. The results revealed that fours types of appraisals predicted the amount of hurt recipients experienced. All coping behaviors except positive reappraisal were significantly predicted by the primary appraisals (categories of risk) and secondary appraisals (perceived intentionality and frequency of hurtful messages). The findings explicate appraisal theory’s potential in explaining individuals’ responses to hurtful communication.
Authors' reply [to comments on "Theoretical model for an MRI radio frequency resonator"]

A theoretical model of magneto-acoustic current imaging is derived, based on fundamental equations of continuum mechanics and electromagnetism. In electrically active tissue, the interaction between an applied magnetic field, B, and action currents, J, creates a pressure distribution. In the near field limit, this pressure obeys Poisson's equation, with a source term (∇ x J ) · B. The displacement and pressure fields are calculated for a dipole (q), oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the applied magnetic field (B), at the center of an elastic, conducting sphere (radius a, shear modulus G). Surface displacements are on the order of qB/(4πGa), which is about 1 nm for typical biological parameters. If the applied magnetic field is changing with time, eddy currents induced in the tissue may be larger than the action currents themselves. The frequency of the pressure and displacement arising from these eddy currents, however, is twice the frequency of the applied magnetic field, so it may be possible to eliminate this artifact by filtering or lock-in techniques. Magneto-acoustic and biomagnetic measurements both image ∇ x J in a similar way, although magneto-acoustic current imaging has the disadvantage that acoustic properties vary among tissues to a greater degree than do magnetic properties.
THE SPILLOVER OF DAILY JOB SATISFACTION ONTO EMPLOYEES' FAMILY LIVES: THE FACILITATING ROLE OF WORK-FAMILY INTEGRATION

The longitudinal, multisource, multimethod study presented herein examines the role of employees’ work-family integration in the spillover of daily job satisfaction onto daily marital satisfaction and affective states experienced by employees at home. The spillover linkages are modeled at the within-individual level, and results support the main effects of daily job satisfaction on daily marital satisfaction and affect at home, as well as the moderating effect of work-family integration on the strength of the within-individual spillover effects on home affect. That is, employees with highly integrated work and family roles exhibited stronger intraindividual spillover effects on positive and negative affect at home. Modern technologies such as the Internet, cellular phone, Blackberry, iPhone, and other mobile communication devices have enabled employees and their family members to communicate with each other nearly anywhere, anytime. Moreover, flexible work arrangements under which employees can complete some work tasks from home are
American Heart Association's behavioral roundtable for preventable disparities.

The American Heart Association (AHA) developed a behavioral roundtable to address cardiovascular disease (CVD) disparities, with a focus on the primary prevention of obesity. This roundtable considered the preventable differences in the indicators of health of different population groups, often defined by race, ethnicity, sex, educational level, socioeconomic status, and geographic location of residence. To reduce the rates of CVD in disproportionately affected population groups, we explored behavioral strategies for each of the 5 risk stages: 1) no known cardiovascular risk, 2) known cardiovascular risk, 3) acute CVD, 4) rehabilitation, and 5) chronic CVD. We examined sample AHA programs targeting each of the risk stages to consider how to pose questions about reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (the RE-AIM evaluation framework). The strategies outlined in this article can be used to develop collaborations for planning, implementing, and evaluating possible interventions to reduce CVD disparities.
Influence of Cross-Andes Flow on the South American Low-Level Jet

Abstract By analyzing the 15-yr (1979–93) reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), it has been found that the seasonal and synoptic time-scale variations of the South American low-level jets (LLJs) are largely controlled by an upper-level trough and associated low-level zonal flow, rather than by horizontal temperature gradients along the slope of the Andes. The northerly LLJs are maintained by strong zonal pressure gradients caused by the upstream trough and westerly flow crossing the Andes through lee cyclogenesis. The process involves both baroclinic development of the upper-level trough and mechanical deflection of the westerly flow by the Andes. When an anticyclonic circulation replaces the trough and westerly flow over the eastern South Pacific, the northerly LLJs tend to diminish or reverse into southerly LLJs. The dependence of the LLJs upon the upstream wind pattern helps to explain how the seasonal variation of the South American LLJs is related to the s...
De novo breast cancer in patients with liver transplantation: University of Pittsburgh's experience and review of the literature

De novo malignancies are one of the current problems in patients with organ transplantation. The incidence has been considered to be higher as a result of increases of oncogenic viruses in immunosuppressed organ recipients. Published reports have shown increased incidence of de novo tumors such as malignant lymphomas and cutaneous neoplasms but decreased incidence of breast cancer. A variety of factors affect de novo breast cancer development in organ recipients, including immunosuppression, viruses, and underlying disease. The aims of this review are to evaluate the incidence and management of patients with de novo breast cancer by giving the University of Pittsburgh's data, and to evaluate the incidence of de novo breast cancer in published reports in light of an age-adjusted rate. According to age-adjusted rates presented by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data, we found increased incidence rate of de novo breast cancer in the previously published series. The University of Pittsburgh's incidence rate of de novo breast cancer was determined in a fashion similar to that for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data. Eighty-three percent of all patients were diagnosed at early stages, and it appeared to take longer for de novo breast cancer to develop in patients treated with tacrolimus than in patients treated with cyclosporine. In conclusion, surgical treatment of breast cancer in liver recipients is the same as treatment of breast cancer in patients without transplantation. However, the effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or tamoxifen remain unclear in transplanted patients and need to be evaluated in larger studies.
Obesity: mission possible.

Every family across the U.S. is confronting the same questions as state governments and federal agencies: why have we all gained so much weight and what are we going to do about it (1–8)? The century-long, slow, silent, and deadly increase in body weight now impacts every family in the U.S. The world has caught the obesity bug, 1.5 billion times. Obesity explains why Mom is injecting herself twice a day with insulin and explains why health care costs have erupted while the basic health care that U.S. prisoners get for free is unavailable to 45 million free-living Americans. The obesity explosion explains about three-quarters of health care costs in the U.S. The future, the Centers for Disease Control warn, is more alarming than the present. Not only is it Mom who cannot afford basic diabetes supplies, such as blood testing strips and insulin needles, but now John, her 10-year-old son, cannot either. The “new epidemic” of childhood diabetes will wash across America in the wake of the heaviest young America has ever raised. Obesity may cost $100 billion a year in the U.S., but that is nothing compared with the price tag of childhood obesity. When I grew up, I feared the doctor because I hated needles. John will grow up using needles every day but terrified as to how he will afford them. Without viable solutions to obesity, health care will become the exclusive right of the wealthy. The predominant voice in the Perspectives articles published in this edition of Diabetes (9–11) is a shrill tone of retrospection, asking how we got to where we are today. Although these articles emit an odor of impending catastrophe, threading through the papers are rivulets of hope. “Hope” is a voice of consensus that speaks to the …
Intrateam Communication and Performance in Doubles Tennis

Verbal and nonverbal communication is a critical mediator of performance in team sports and yet there is little extant research in sports that involves direct measures of communication. Our study explored communication within NCAA Division I female tennis doubles teams. Video and audio recordings of players during doubles tennis matches captured the communications that took place between and during points. These recordings were coded and sequential analysis computed using the Discussion Analysis Tool software (Jeong, 2003). Results indicated that most communications were emotional (i.e., > 50%) or action statements (i.e., > 25%). Winning teams exhibited significantly different communication sequences than losing teams. In particular, winning teams had a more homogeneous model of communication, which perhaps makes message interpretation more reliable. Finally, winning teams exchanged twice as many messages as losing teams.
Integration of multimodal RNA-seq data for prediction of kidney cancer survival

Kidney cancer is of prominent concern in modern medicine. Predicting patient survival is critical to patient awareness and developing a proper treatment regimens. Previous prediction models built upon molecular feature analysis are limited to just gene expression data. In this study we investigate the difference in predicting five year survival between unimodal and multimodal analysis of RNA-seq data from gene, exon, junction, and isoform modalities. Our preliminary findings report higher predictive accuracy—as measured by area under the ROC curve (AUC)—for multimodal learning when compared to unimodal learning with both support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) methods. The results of this study justify further research on the use of multimodal RNA-seq data to predict survival for other cancer types using a larger sample size and additional machine learning methods.
Automated chair-training of rhesus macaques.

Abstract Background Neuroscience research on non-human primates usually requires the animals to sit in a chair. To do this, typically monkeys are fitted with collars and trained to enter the chairs using either a pole, leash and jump cage. Animals may initially show resistance and risk injury. We have developed an automated chair-training method that minimizes restraints to ease the animals into their chairs. New method We developed a method to automatically train animals to enter a primate chair and stick out their heads for neckplate placement. To do this, we fitted the chairs with Arduino microcontrollers coupled to a water-reward system and touch- and proximity sensors. Results and comparison with existing methods We found that the animals responded well to the chair, partially entering the chair within hours, sitting inside the chair within days and allowing us to manually introduce a door and neck plate, all within 14–21 sessions. Although each session could last many hours, automation meant that actual training person-hours could be as little as half an hour per day. The biggest advantage was that animals showed little resistance to entering the chair, compared to monkeys trained by leash pulling. Conclusions This automated chair-training method can take longer than the standard collar-and-leash approach, but multiple macaques can be trained in parallel with fewer person-hours. It is also a promising method for animal-use refinement and in our case, it was the only effective training approach for an animal suffering from a behavioral pathology.
Effectiveness of Ipragliflozin, a Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor, as a Second-line Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Do Not Respond to Incretin-Based Therapies Including Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analogs and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

We previously reported that incretin-based drugs, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, improved glycemic control and liver inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization was still limited. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors as second-line treatments for NAFLD patients with T2DM who do not respond to incretin-based therapy. We retrospectively enrolled 130 consecutive Japanese NAFLD patients with T2DM who were treated with GLP-1 analogs or DPP-4 inhibitors. Among them, 70 patients (53.8 %) had normal ALT levels. Of the remaining 60 patients (46.2 %) who did not have normal ALT levels, 24 (40.0 %) were enrolled in our study and were administered SGLT-2 inhibitors in addition to GLP-1 analogs or DPP-4 inhibitors. We compared changes in laboratory data including ALT levels and body weight at the end of the follow-up. Thirteen patients were administered a combination of SGLT-2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors, and the remaining 11 patients were administered a combination of SGLT-2 inhibitors with GLP-1 analogs. The median dosing period was 320 days. At the end of the follow-up, body weight (from 84.8 to 81.7 kg, p < 0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (from 8.4 to 7.6 %, p < 0.01) decreased significantly. Serum ALT levels also decreased significantly (from 62 to 38 IU/L, p < 0.01) with an improvement in the FIB-4 index (from 1.75 to 1.39, p = 0.04). Finally, 14 patients (58.3 %) achieved normalization of serum ALT levels. Administration of SGLT-2 inhibitors led to not only good glycemic control, but also to a reduction in body weight, normalization of ALT levels, and a reduction in the FIB-4 index even in patients who did not respond to incretin-based therapy.
The effects of season and microhabitat on the distribution and nutritional contributions of two algal symbionts in the intertidal anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica

The intertidal sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica is distributed widely along the Pacific coast, from Baja California Mexico (~30oN) to southern Alaska (57oN). In much of its range, A. xanthogrammica has the ability to co-host algal symbionts from two distinct taxa known as zoochlorellae (the chlorophyte Elliptochloris marina) and zooxanthellae (brown dinophytes in the genus Symbiodinium). Laboratory studies and field distributions have demonstrated that zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae represent “cool” and “warm” symbionts respectively, based on their relative temperature tolerances and intertidal distributions. This study examined the effects of two intertidal microhabitats on the seasonal distribution, density, and mitotic index of zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae in tentacles of A. xanthogrammica at Slip Point, Clallam Bay WA (48oN). Tentacles were sampled from anemones at both the lower and upper intertidal limits of the distribution of A. xanthogrammica in tidepools and surge channels in July 2008, November 2008, and April 2009. Temperatures in these microhabitats were recorded with data loggers from summer 2008 to summer 2009. The surge channel microhabitat at Slip Point experienced more extreme temperatures (both higher high temperatures and lower low temperatures) than the tidepool. The distribution and density of zoochlorellae (but not of zooxanthellae) in A. xanthogrammica tentacles differed in these microhabitats. Anemone tentacles containing dense zoochlorellae assemblages predominated in low intertidal tidepools and low surge channels as well as in the high tidepool microhabitat; zoochlorellae density was much lower in the high surge channel. The density of zooxanthellae was low in all microhabitats, and was often nearly one order of magnitude lower than that of zoochlorellae. Patterns in symbiont density in anemones between microhabitats were consistent in all seasons. Comparatively
Abstract 753: Reciprocal regulation of HOXB13 and androgen receptor in prostate cancer.

The androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors, plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. HOXB13, a prostate-specific homeodomain-containing transcription factor, interacts with AR to regulate the cellular response to androgens (Norris et al. Mol Cell 2009). Our group recently identified a rare but recurrent germline mutation (G84E) in HOXB13 as a prostate cancer susceptibility allele by sequencing the 17q21-22 region of the genomic DNA from families with hereditary prostate cancer. (Ewing et al. NEJM 2012). Our research goal is to study how HOXB13 regulates AR function and how this mechanism might be affected by mutant HOXB13. The overexpression of wild type HOXB13 in LNCaP cells led to an increased expression of AR at the mRNA and protein levels; this induction of AR was attenuated with HOXB13 G84E over-expression. Upon the reduction of endogenous HOXB13 by siRNA in LNCaP cells, the amount of AR decreased at the mRNA and protein levels, indicating that HOXB13 promotes the expression of AR. Conversely, when AR was knocked down with siRNA, the level of HOXB13 transcripts and proteins increased, indicating that AR suppresses HOXB13 expression. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that FOXA1, the pioneer factor implicated to control prostate-specific transcription of HOXB13 (McMullin et al. 2009), interacts with AR and HOXB13. These analyses implicate at least a three factor mechanism whereby the levels of critical components of prostate-specific androgen signaling network might recruit and/or titrate one another, and suggest this network may be perturbed by mutations in HOXB13. Since LNCaP cells contain a mutated copy of HOXB13 (L144P), these analyses need to be performed in additional prostate cancer cells before general conclusions can be reached. Citation Format: Shuangling Chen, Dorhyun Johng, William B. Isaacs. Reciprocal regulation of HOXB13 and androgen receptor in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 753. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-753
Rereading Galen and Zeuxis on Ptolemy’s Port: Hippocratic Anonymity and Literary Malpractice

This article casts doubt on the use of Zeuxis’ testimony (preserved by Galen in his commentary on Epidemics 3) regarding the acquisition of books in Alexandria as an explanation for the anonymity of some texts of the Hippocratic Corpus. Instead, it suggests that Galen’s account needs to be seen, in conjunction with his other musings on the subject, as a projection of his own experience and frustration with the fraudulent trafficking of books, including (and, perhaps, particularly) his own.
Baryogenesis from decaying magnetic helicity

As a result of the Standard Model chiral anomalies, baryon number is violated in the early Universe in the presence of a hypermagnetic field with varying helicity. We investigate whether the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the Universe can be created from the decaying helicity of a primordial (hyper)magnetic field before and after the electroweak phase transition. In this model, baryogenesis occurs without ($B\ensuremath{-}L$)-violation, since the ($B+L$) asymmetry generated by the hypermagnetic field counteracts the washout by electroweak sphalerons. At the electroweak crossover, the hypermagnetic field becomes an electromagnetic field, which does not source ($B+L$). Although the sphalerons remain in equilibrium for a time, washout is avoided since the decaying magnetic helicity sources chirality. The relic baryon asymmetry is fixed when the electroweak sphaleron freezes out. Under reasonable assumptions, a baryon asymmetry of ${n}_{B}/s\ensuremath{\simeq}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ can be generated from a maximally helical, right-handed (hyper)magnetic field that has a field strength of ${B}_{0}\ensuremath{\simeq}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}\text{ }\text{ }\text{Gauss}$ and coherence length of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}\ensuremath{\simeq}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pc}$ today. Relaxing an assumption that relates ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}$ to ${B}_{0}$, the model predicts ${n}_{B}/s\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$, which could potentially explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
Toward the mechanism of eIF4F-mediated ribosomal attachment to mammalian capped mRNAs

Ribosomal attachment to mammalian capped mRNAs is achieved through the cap-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-eIF4G-eIF3-40S chain of interactions, but the mechanism by which mRNA enters the mRNA-binding channel of the 40S subunit remains unknown. To investigate this process, we recapitulated initiation on capped mRNAs in vitro using a reconstituted translation system. Formation of initiation complexes at 5'-terminal AUGs was stimulated by the eIF4E-cap interaction and followed "the first AUG" rule, indicating that it did not occur by backward scanning. Initiation complexes formed even at the very 5' end of mRNA, implying that Met-tRNAi (Met) inspects mRNA from the first nucleotide and that initiation does not have a "blind spot." In assembled initiation complexes, the cap was no longer associated with eIF4E. Omission of eIF4A or disruption of eIF4E-eIF4G-eIF3 interactions converted eIF4E into a specific inhibitor of initiation on capped mRNAs. Taken together, these results are consistent with the model in which eIF4E-eIF4G-eIF3-40S interactions place eIF4E at the leading edge of the 40S subunit, and mRNA is threaded into the mRNA-binding channel such that Met-tRNAi (Met) can inspect it from the first nucleotide. Before entering, eIF4E likely dissociates from the cap to overcome steric hindrance. We also found that the m(7)G cap specifically interacts with eIF3l.
ADHD and Epilepsy Comorbidity

The prevalence of ADHD, its neurological correlates, and the effect of ADHD on health-related quality of life in 203 children (mean age 11.8 years, SD 3.8) with severe epilepsy were evaluated at British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Congenital Hydrocephalus and Seizures

The frequency of seizures and long-term outcome in 68 children with congenital hydrocephalus not associated with myelomeningocele were examined at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
MICROBIOLOGY OF EGGS1

It is generally agreed that milk and eggs are nature's most perfect foods. Milk is extremely perishable while eggs in the shell are not. The reason that eggs are not as perishable as most foods is that they possess protective devices including the cuticle, shell, shell membranes, lysozyme, conalbumin, avidin, pH of the albumen, etc. Having these protective devices is nature's way of allowing reproduction of birds. Chicken eggs, for example, take 21 days to hatch under ideal conditions for growth of microorganisms. Without the protection, reproduction could not take place. Once eggs are broken out of the shell and mixed, they are as perishable as milk. Pathogenic bacteria of concern to humans found in eggs (particularly liquid eggs) are Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. These pathogens are not common in shell eggs but can be found in liquid eggs primarily because of reinfection by humans.
Gait parameters in four strains of turkeys and correlations with bone strength

Abstract Locomotion problems in meat poultry have multifactorial etiology. A better understanding of normal gait and its influences on biomechanical aspects of leg bones among turkey genetic lines is important to prevent skeletal disorders and locomotion issues. The objective of this experiment was to determine the possible differences in gait kinetic and kinematic parameters of turkey strains and their effects on bone biomechanical properties. Four genetic lines, named A, B, C, and D, were obtained and raised in 48 floor pens with new pine shavings. Leg health issues were classified at 16 and 33 d of age. Fifteen turkeys from each strain with apparent normal legs and gait at 33 d of age were selected for gait analysis. These 15 turkeys were trained to walk on a pressure sensitive walkway and video was recorded to calculate articulation movements. These data also were analyzed to obtain kinetic and kinematic parameters of the gait cycle collected at 47, 84, 107, and 145 d of age. At 20 wk all turkeys were sacrificed, and legs were collected and frozen for analysis. Weights and morphologic measurements of the femur, tibia, and shank were recorded. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were obtained using DEXA. Femur and tibia strength were evaluated by a 4-point bending test and torsion test, respectively. Gait parameters changed as toms aged and some differences were observed among lines. Genetic lines differed on BMD, but not on BMC. Strain D had a higher BMD and smaller diaphyseal angle than strain C, characteristics that were correlated with stronger bones. Strain D also had the lowest incidence of leg problems while strain C had the highest. Furthermore, the D strain had a smaller vertical motion of the toe than strains C and B at 47 d and strain A at 145 d, indicating that the D strain had a more efficient gait. In summary, genetic strains differ significantly on gait parameters, which in turn impacts bone biomechanics.
Evaluation of Twelve Genotypes of Hibiscus for Resistance to Hibiscus Sawfly, Atomacera decepta Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Argidae)

Abstract Twelve genotypes of hibiscus were evaluated for resistance to hibiscus sawfly, a minor pest of hibiscus. Evaluations were conducted by counting eggs deposited on the hibiscus and larvae feeding on the hibiscus. Plants were evaluated at the end of the study with a damage rating. Three genotypes demonstrated resistance or tolerance to sawfly feeding: Hibiscus acetosella, H. aculeatus, and H. grandiflora. All three of these genotypes had few, if any, eggs or larvae and were given the lowest damage rating among the genotypes evaluated.
Preoperative Statin Use Associated With Lower PSA But Similar Prostate Size and Histopathologic Outcomes: Implications for Active Surveillance?

Purpose: The potential effects of statins on clinical and histopathologic variables, prostate size, or PSA density (PSAD) and resulting influences on active surveillance eligibility have not been adequately explored. This study examines the effect of statins on prostate specimens following prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: Patients that received robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) (n = 2,632) were dichotomized according to preoperative statin use. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between statin use and patient clinical and pathological characteristics. Results: Men using statins at the time of prostatectomy were older (61.6 ± 6.4 versus 58.8 ± 7.2 years, P < .001), and had poorer health status (P < .001). Biopsy Gleason grade, clinical stage and prostate size were similar among the two groups, although statin users had lower diagnostic PSA levels (5.5 ± 3.6 versus 6.3 ± 4.9 ng/mL, P < .001) and PSAD (.12 versus .13, P = .001). Conclusion: Men taking statins at the time of prostatectomy had similar histopathologic characteristics to non-users, despite having significantly lower serum PSA, being older and having similar sized prostates. This supports prior studies suggesting a PSA reduction effect of statins may warrant consideration of statin usage in decision algorithms for active surveillance.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of immunocompromised patients with CMV pneumonia

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia causes major morbidity and mortality. Its diagnosis requires demonstration of viral cytopathic changes in tissue, entailing risks of lung biopsy. This study aimed to determine CMV viral load (VL) thresholds in brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for diagnosis of CMV pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. CMV VL in BALF was studied in 17 patients (83% transplant recipients) and 21 control subjects with and without CMV pneumonia, respectively, using an FDA-approved PCR assay (Cobas® AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan® CMV Test, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.) calibrated to the WHO International Standard for CMV DNA (NIBSC: 09/162). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis produced a BALF CMV VL threshold of 34,800, IU/mL with 91.7% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity for diagnosis of possible, probable, and proven CMV pneumonia in transplant patients, while a threshold of 656,000 IU/mL yielded 100% sensitivity and specificity among biopsy-proven cases. For all immunocompromised patients, a VL threshold of 274 IU/mL was selected. VL thresholds also were normalized to BALF cell count yielding a threshold of 0.32 IU/106 cells with 91.7% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity for possible, probable and proven CMV pneumonia in transplant recipients. Monitoring CMV VL in BALF may be a less invasive method for diagnosing CMV pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Cascading Effects of Multiple Dimensions of Implementation on Program Outcomes: a Test of a Theoretical Model.

This study tests a theoretical cascade model in which multiple dimensions of facilitator delivery predict indicators of participant responsiveness, which in turn lead to improvements in targeted program outcomes. An effectiveness trial of the 10-session New Beginnings Program for divorcing families was implemented in partnership with four county-level family courts. This study included 366 families assigned to the intervention condition who attended at least one session. Independent observers provided ratings of program delivery (i.e., fidelity to the curriculum and process quality). Facilitators reported on parent attendance and parents' competence in home practice of program skills. At pretest and posttest, children reported on parenting and parents reported child mental health. We hypothesized effects of quality on attendance, fidelity and attendance on home practice, and home practice on improvements in parenting and child mental health. Structural Equation Modeling with mediation and moderation analyses were used to test these associations. Results indicated quality was significantly associated with attendance, and attendance moderated the effect of fidelity on home practice. Home practice was a significant mediator of the links between fidelity and improvements in parent-child relationship quality and child externalizing and internalizing problems. Findings provide support for fidelity to the curriculum, process quality, attendance, and home practice as valid predictors of program outcomes for mothers and fathers. Future directions for assessing implementation in community settings are discussed.
The elastic solutions of separable problems with the applications to multilayered structures

This work presents the elastic solutions for the separable problems, where certain coordinate variables in the boundary and continuity conditions in terms of series representations can be eliminated to simplify the systems of equations. The definition of “separable problems” is clarified, which is mainly because the internal displacement or stress fields and the outer boundary conditions share similar patterns of series expansions in the same coordinate systems. Several types of separable problems are illustrated in the introduction to show the applicability and importance of the present theory. The multilayered hollow cylinders are employed to explain the procedure of solving similar types of boundary value problems. A special application of the multilayered cylinders is to embed them into an infinite plate with a hole at the center, where a layer-by-layer functional gradation along the radial direction could lead to the reduction of the stress concentrations. Besides validating the accuracy of the derivations against the solution of a continuously graded cylinder and the original Kirsch solutions, the effects of the geometrical and material properties on the stress distributions are also tested. The idea of solving separable problems can significantly contribute to the theoretical analysis and design of discretely graded structures with various geometries.
Court-Ordered Confidentiality in Discovery

This Article offers support for the argument that protective orders for discovery confidentiality should be granted upon a relatively light showing of good cause. Part I offers reasons why, in the vast majority of cases, courts should readily grant motions for protective orders with respect to discovery confidentiality as long as the movant can articulate some legitimate need for the information to be kept confidential. Looking at modern United States discovery from a comparative and historical perspective, broad and powerful party-controlled discovery can only be justified as a means of finding information for the resolution of the dispute, not as a public information tool. Part II explains why some showing of good cause nonetheless should be required, even if the parties themselves agree to the confidentiality protections.