cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing of radiative and microphysical properties of clouds during TC4: Results from MAS, MASTER, MODIS, and MISR

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (MAS) and MODIS/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Airborne Simulator (MASTER) were used to obtain measurements of the bidirectional reflectance and brightness temperature of clouds at 50 discrete wavelengths between 0.47 and 14.2 microns (12.9 microns for MASTER). These observations were obtained from the NASA ER-2 aircraft as part of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) experiment conducted over Central America and surrounding Pacific and Atlantic Oceans between 17 July and 8 August 2007. Multispectral images in eleven distinct bands were used to derive a confidence in clear sky (or alternatively the probability Of cloud) over land and ocean ecosystems. Based on the results of individual tests run as part of the cloud mask, an algorithm was developed to estimate the phase of the clouds (liquid water, ice, or undetermined phase). The cloud optical thickness and effective radius were derived for both liquid water and ice clouds that were detected during each flight, using a nearly identical algorithm to that implemented operationally to process MODIS Cloud data from the Aqua and Terra satellites (Collection 5). This analysis shows that the cloud mask developed for operational use on MODIS, and tested using MAS and MASTER data in TC(sup 4), is quite capable of distinguishing both liquid water and ice clouds during daytime conditions over both land and ocean. The cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals use five distinct bands of the MAS (or MASTER), and these results were compared with nearly simultaneous retrievals of marine liquid water clouds from MODIS on the Terra spacecraft. Finally, this MODIS-based algorithm was adapted to Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) data to infer the cloud optical thickness Of liquid water clouds from MISR. Results of this analysis are compared and contrasted.
An on-line computer system for the acquisition and analysis of temperature jump data.

Abstract A system for the on-line acquisition and analysis of chemical relaxation data by a small digital computer has been developed. The system is designed so that knowledge of specialized digital electronics and logic is unnecessary for its implementation and a variety of fast reaction instrumentation can be serviced. Programs are discussed which analyze the relaxation data rapidly, yielding values for the amplitude and the reciprocal relaxation time of the kinetic process. Signal averaging of repetitive measurements also is described. The data can be stored on punched paper tape. Typical experimental data and the resulting data analysis are presented.
The use of an electronic patient record system to identify advanced cancer patients and antidepressant drug use.

Purpose: Psychiatric morbidity is common in cancer patients toward the end of life. In this study, we demonstrate the use of an electronic patient record system to identify patients with advanced c...
Third-octave-mode chatter in rolling. Part 1: Chatter model

AbstractAmong various types of rolling chatter, third-octave-mode chatter is considered the most critical because it generates large gauge variations in the rolled materials and may damage the roll...
Usage of, and satisfaction with, a governmental consumer protection agency

State consumer protection agencies provide alternatives for consumer inquiries and for redress when consumers are unable to obtain satisfaction. In this study, the major objectives were to determine whether consumers used the services of the Kentucky Consumer Protection Division, the frequency of contact, the method of contact, the satisfaction/dissatisfaction with handling of inquiries or complaints and characteristics of inquirers/complainers. Four different surveys were used to obtain the data. The data analysis indicated that a large percentage of those who made inquiries or complained were satisfied. However, only a small percentage of the consumers had contacted the CPD, and very few used the hotline in making requests or complaints. Those who had contacted the CPD were younger, better educated and had higher incomes. Among the recommendations are that increased efforts be made to publicize the hotline and other CPD services.
A Stabilized Large-Aperture Far-Infrared Telescope Gondola

Description of a recently developed balloon-borne 1-m far-infrared telescope designed to carry out astronomical observations and to map radiation from selected areas of the sky. The telescope optical system consists of a conventional Cassegrain arrangement with an f/2 aluminum primary mirror, spherically figured, which feeds a pyrex secondary mirror to produce an f/13.8 beam at the focal plane with a scale of 15.2 arc sec/mm. Three focal planes are provided. The infrared detectors consist of an array of four gallium-doped germanium bolometers fitted within a two-liter helium dewar. An altitude-azimuth mount design is used for attitude control, with the pointing objectives being achieved in two steps. The azimuth control system is capable of operation in a position mode, in which the sensing element is a servo-driven null magnetometer always pointed north, and in an inertial mode, in which the gyro is uncaged and becomes the azimuth reference. The elevation system also operates in both position and inertial modes. An auxiliary position control, powered by an independent battery and controlled by a separate tone command system, is provided in case of a primary system difficulty.
Abstract 2174: Association of diabetes and obesity with risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS)

Incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cancers have increased rapidly in developing countries during the past four decades. The rate of esophageal adenocarcinomas has approximately tripled among US whites and now exceeds that of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Incidence of gastric cardia adenocarcinomas has also risen significantly during this period, though to a lesser extent. These cancers often respond poorly to treatment, highlighting the importance of identifying modifiable risk factors with a view to prevention. The association between diabetes and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma has been examined in only a few studies and findings are inconsistent. While obesity is a significant risk factor for esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, few analyses have been conducted in prospective cohorts. We examined the association between diabetes, BMI, and waist circumference and incidence of esophageal, non-cardia gastric and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas in a large prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. A mailed survey at baseline (1986) collected information on self-reported diabetes and anthropometric measures and included a detailed food-frequency questionnaire. The 34,466 initially cancer free women were followed for 24 years with annual cancer incidence obtained through the State Health Registry of Iowa, part of the National Cancer Institute9s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program; 83 women developed gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Associations were examined using proportional hazards regression models: hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Significant associations were observed in age-adjusted models for diabetes (yes/no) [HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.01-4.34], body mass index (kg per meters squared) [HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.15], and waist circumference (cm) [HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.53]. Additionally, a positive association between diabetes and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction was found in both age-adjusted [HR: 3.43, 95% CI: 1.32-8.90] and multivariate-adjusted models [HR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.13-7.99]. An inverse association was found with increasing daily fiber intake (g/day) and all gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas [HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.96]. These findings support the view that diabetes, body mass index and waist circumference increase risk of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma while increased fiber intake may decrease risk. Citation Format: Bryan P. LaBore, Anna E. Prizment, Frank G. Ondrey, Kristin E. Anderson. Association of diabetes and obesity with risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the Iowa Women9s Health Study (IWHS). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2174. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2174
A micromechanistic model of the combined combustion synthesis-densification process

A series of computer experiments has been conducted in order to study the combined combustion synthesis-densification process, in which a mechanical load is applied to a sample as it undergoes a combustion synthesis process. The current work is an extension of a theoretical model of the combustion synthesis process that was developed previously.1,2 In this work, the appropriate constitutive equations for sample deformation have been incorporated, in order to account for the pore-volume change that may take place when the mechanical load is applied, thus densifying the sample. It was shown that the brief appearance of a liquid phase in the combustion wave front provides an important opportunity for densification when the self-propagating combustion synthesis process is conducted in conjunction with an applied mechanical load. That is, the concomitant decrease in the (local) total volume fraction of the solid phases—due to the elementary melting and dissolution processes that also occur (locally)—effectively lowered the (local) apparent yield strength of the sample, thus allowing for the compaction and densification of the sample (i.e., locally). Results indicated that the mechanical load should be applied at the instant at which the sample is ignited, in order to ensure that articles whose density is uniform throughout the sample can be fabricated. This work provided a more detailed and quantitative understanding of this unique process for preparing dense articles by the self-propagating combustion synthesis process, that is, when it is conducted in conjunction with an applied mechanical load.
Static dielectric response of the electron gas

We determine the static dielectric function of the electron gas at selected densities by using variational and fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo to find the response to a sinusoidal electric field. The dielectric function is then calculated by relating the induced charge density to the change in ground-state energy as a function of the amplitude of the applied field. A released-node Green's-function Monte Carlo calculation shows that the diffusion results are exact within the determined error bars, apart from the size dependence correction for extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit. The dielectric response is consistent at long wavelengths with the compressibility sum rule derived from a fit to Ceperley and Alder's Green's-function Monte Carlo results, but exhibits dfferences from accepted dielectric models at intermediate wave vectors.
Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere.

Visual-form systems in the cerebral hemispheres were examined in 3 experiments. After learning new types of visual forms, participants rapidly classified previously unseen prototypes of the newly learned types more efficiently when the forms were presented directly to the left hemisphere (in the right visual field) than when the forms were presented directly to the right hemisphere (in the left visual field). Neither previously seen nor previously unseen distortions of the prototypes were classified more efficiently when presented directly to the left hemisphere than when presented directly to the right hemisphere. Results indicate that an abstract visual-form system operates effectively in the left hemisphere and stores information that remains relatively invariant across the specific instances of a type of form to distinguish different types. Furthermore, this system functions relatively independently of another system that operates effectively in the right hemisphere and that stores details to distinguish specific instances of a type of form.
Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with sequential combination chemotherapy.

Fifty previously untreated patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer (FIGO Stages III and IV) were treated with alternating combination chemotherapy. This consisted of high-dose doxorubicin (70 mg/m2) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) alternated with CHF (cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, and 5-fluorouracil). Toxicity (myelosuppression, nephropathy, and neuropathy) was infrequent and mild. Clinical response rates were high (94% responses, 62% complete clinical response), but the majority of patients had residual intraabdominal disease at second-look surgery (75%). Thirteen patients (26%) are alive after 4 years of observation (minimum follow-up). Survival was adversely influenced in patients who were older than 70, had Stage IV disease, residual tumor bulk greater than 2 cm, and who failed to achieve complete clinical remission. The median duration of survival (28 months) and percentage of long-term survivors appear similar to that in other platinum-based chemotherapy studies. Although the role of alternating combination chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer remains undefined, it is likely that an alternate approach will be necessary to markedly improve survival rates for patients with this disease.
Membership values as indicators of complications in chromatography

Calcul a partir de donnees chromatographiques des valeurs d'appartenance de differents composes organiques en utilisant une fonction gaussienne a une dimension
Nanograin magnetoresistive manganite coatings for EMI shielding against directed energy pulses

Abstract Two magnetoresistive manganites, La 0.83 Sr 0.17 MnO 3 and La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 , are synthesized by the environmentally friendly “deposition by aqueous acetate solution (DAAS)” technique. The manganite film has a grain size of ∼100 nm, and can be processed as thinly as ∼0.03 μm per layer, while the powder form has a crystallite size of ∼40 nm. These magnetoresistive materials are shown to be effective and inexpensive electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield for the extremely low frequency (ELF) EM fields. The electrical resistance of manganites is very sensitive to external influences, such as temperature and electromagnetic fields. Both permeability ( μ ) and conductivity ( σ ) of manganites tend to increase with increasing applied magnetic field. The manganites have been shown to “react” to field increases in a way that is particularly useful for shielding EMI field fluctuations (e.g., due to current or voltage spikes). The manganite properties, e.g., crystal structure, film morphology, radiation absorption and reflection, electrical resistivity, and magnetization, etc., have been measured. The ceramic manganites have a metal–insulator transition at 300 K or higher, and are suitable for a room temperature operation. A thin film (approx. 0.1 μm) of La 0.83 Sr 0.17 MnO 3 was fabricated on a quartz tube or refractory ceramic fiber blanket. Using this thin manganite film, the EMI shielding effectiveness for the measured E -field attenuation is similar to that of a ∼25 μm thickness of copper tube, aluminum foil, and silver–nickel particle-dispersed paper. The silver–nickel impregnated paper has an EMI shielding effectiveness of ∼35 dB at 10 kHz, and ∼15 dB at 60 Hz (or frequency above 1 MHz). The ceramic manganites are chemically inert, thermally stable, and mechanically flexible. They provide low cost EMI shielding against directed energy pulses and may serve as a “signature reduction” barrier.
Application of multistatic inversion algorithms to landmine detection

Multi-static ground-penetrating radar (GPR) uses an array of antennas to conduct a number of bistatic operations simultaneously. The multi-static GPR is used to obtain more information on the target of interest using angular diversity. An entirely computer controlled, multi-static GPR consisting of a linear array of six resistively-loaded vee dipoles (RVDs), a network analyzer, and a microwave switch matrix was developed to investigate the potential of multi-static inversion algorithms. The performance of a multi-static inversion algorithm is evaluated for targets buried in clean sand, targets buried under the ground covered by rocks, and targets held above the ground (in the air) using styrofoam supports. A synthetic-aperture, multi-static, time-domain GPR imaging algorithm is extended from conventional mono-static back-projection techniques and used to process the data. Good results are obtained for the clean surface and air targets; however, for targets buried under rocks, only the deeply buried targets could be accurately detected and located.
Binding of purified Reelin to ApoER2 and VLDLR mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of Disabled-1.

Reelin, Disabled-1 (Dab1), apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) participate in a signaling pathway required for layer formation during mammalian brain development. Binding of Reelin to ApoER2 and VLDLR induces a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1, an adaptor protein that associates with the cytoplasmic domain of the receptors. However, Reelin has also been proposed to signal through integrin and protocadherin. Here we compare the roles of ApoER2 and VLDLR in Reelin signaling. We used layer-specific markers to identify the final positions of early- and late-born neurons in the cortices of mice lacking ApoER2, VLDLR, or both ApoER2 and VLDLR. Subtle alterations were observed in mice lacking VLDLR, whereas more severe abnormalities were detected in the absence of ApoER2, and major disruptions were obvious in mice lacking both receptors. Purified Reelin associated more readily with ApoER2 than with VLDLR and no synergy was observed in the presence of both receptors. Consistent with the binding data, the level of Reelin-induced Dab1 phosphorylation was more severely reduced in neurons lacking ApoER2 than in neurons lacking VLDLR. However, similarly low levels of Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation were observed in ApoER2−/− and VLDLR−/− mice in vivo. Finally, there was a complete absence of Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 in cortical neurons from mice lacking both ApoER2 and VLDLR. These findings demonstrate that ApoER2 and VLDLR are essential for Reelin signaling and that no other receptor molecules can compensate for their role in mediating tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1.
Three Types of Horizontal Vortices Observed in Wildland Mass and Crown Fires.

Abstract Observation shows that three types of horizontal vortices may form during intense wildland fires. Two of these vortices are longitudinal relative to the ambient wind and the third is transverse. One of the longitudinal types, a vortex pair, occurs with extreme heat and low to moderate wind speeds. It may be a somewhat common structure on the flanks of intense crown firm when burning is concentrated along the fire's perimeter. The second longitudinal type, a single vortex, occurs with high winds and can dominate the entire fire. The third type, the transverse vortex, occurs on the upstream side of the convection column during intense burning and relatively low winds. These vortices are important because they contribute to fire fighter and are a threat to fire fighter safety. This paper documents field observations of the vortices and supplies supportive meteorological and fuel data. The discussion includes applicable laboratory and conceptual studies in fluid flow and heat transfer that may apply ...
Binding of ATP is Required for Opening of IKs Channels

The human heart demands a constant energy supply to fulfill its function, hence the decrease in myocardial ATP production plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of ischemic heart diseases. Ischemia also alters electrophysiology of the heart, exemplified by an association between an adverse prognosis and QT interval prolongation in acute myocardial ischemia. KCNQ1 and KCNE1 form the IKs potassium channel important in terminating cardiac action potentials. Congenital mutations that compromise IKs function prolong the duration of the ventricular action potential, causing Long QT (LQT) syndrome, which is associated with a high risk of sudden death. Here we report that the IKs channel activity increases with ATP concentration ([ATP]) and the EC50 is close to the physiological [ATP] in cardiac myocytes, which indicates that [ATP] changes such as in ischemia affect IKs channel function. Consistent with this observation, an LQT-associated mutation in KCNQ1 alters IKs function by reducing ATP sensitivity. The effect of this mutation is eliminated by increasing [ATP]. We find that GTP and a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog AMP-PNP can substitute for ATP in activating the channel, and an ATP analog can be photo-cross-linked to KCNQ1 proteins expressed in the membrane of Xenopus oocytes, indicating that the nucleotide directly binds to KCNQ1 to modify channel function. Compared to ATP, ADP and AMP are less effective in activating the IKs channel, suggesting that phosphate groups are important innucleotide binding. Correspondingly, a mutational scan of all cytosolic basic residues shows that the ATP binding site may reside in the cytosolic C-terminal. These results demonstrate that IKs is a bona fide ATP activated potassium channel that modulates cardiac electrophysiology by sensing intracellular [ATP], thus connecting the cellular energy state to membrane excitability.
NMR Studies of DNA Single Strands and DNA:RNA Hybrids With and Without 1-Propynylation at C5 of Oligopyrimidines

The 1-propynylation at C5 of consecutive pyrimidines in DNA can enhance DNA:RNA hybrid stability at 37 degrees C by over 1 kcal/mol of substitution [Barnes, T. W., III; Turner, D. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2001, 123, 4107-4118]. To provide information on the structural consequences of propynylation, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was used to study the structures of several oligonucleotides. Intraresidue nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy cross peaks were observed at 30 degrees C and a 200 ms mixing time in the H6-H1' region for 5'(dC(P)C(P)U(P)C(P)C(P)U(P)U(P)) (ssPrODN) but not for 5'(dCCUCCUU) (ssODN), suggesting preorganization of the propynylated single strand. NMR structures of the duplexes 5'(dC(P)C(P)U(P)C(P)C(P)U(P)U(P))3':3'(rGAGGAGGAAAU)5' (PrODN:RNA), 5'(dCC(P)U(P)C(P)C(P)U(P)U(P))3':3'(rGAGGAGGAAAU)5' (sPrODN1:RNA), and 5'(dCCUCCUU)3':3'(rGAGGAGGAAAU)5' (ODN:RNA) indicate that their global structures are almost identical. The NMR data, however, suggest that the 5'-end of sPrODN1:RNA is more dynamic than that of PrODN:RNA. In the propynylated duplexes, the propyne group stacks on the aromatic ring of the 5'-base and extends into the major groove. The results suggest that the increased stability of the propynylated duplexes is caused by preorganization of the propynylated single strand and different interactions in the double strand. The propynyl group provides volume exclusion, enhanced stacking, and possibly different solvation.
A GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR FOR INSTABILITY RESEARCH AND LES VALIDATION: METHODS AND MEAN RESULTS

A novel atmospheric swirl stabilized dump combustor to facilitate instability investigations and the acquisition of validation and boundary condition data for large eddy simulation has been investigated when artificially perturbed. Combustor features include the capabilities of imposing pressure perturbations upon the premixed flow, preheating the reactant mixture up to 400°C, and introducing dilution air into the chamber. The combustor design is presented in detail. A fully premixed methane/air mixture of equivalence ratio 0.8 and mass flow of 20 mgs−1 perturbed at 100 Hz, 200 Hz, and 400 Hz was investigated in significant detail and the analysis completed. A full description of the high speed phase locked CH chemiluminescence and stereo particle imaging velocimetry used to characterize the unsteady reacting fields, flow fields, and vortex breakdown is given. The ensemble average results presented reveal changes in flame structure with frequency. These were attributed to the upstream movement of the toro...
Small Lymphanginomas of the Eyelids

Three patients are described with focal lymphangiomatous lesions of their eyelids. A child with a partially regressed, congenital lesion presented with evidence of recent hemorrhage, while, of two adults with acquired tumors, one had a blue lesion suggesting a malignant melanoma, and the other had a more obviously cystic lesion, suggesting an epidermal or adnexal cyst. In one case, the lesion was situated entirely within the marginal orbicularis striated muscle, and in the other two cases the lesion was restricted to the dermis of the lid. Abrupt change in the coloration of a lesion in the lid should suggest hemorrhage into a preexistent tumor. Hemorrhage into lymphangiomas is extremely common, and therefore this vascular tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of previously nondiscolored lesions. Other vascular tumors, such as capillary, cavernous or venous angiomas would be expected to have a longstanding reddish-blue hue.
Systemic Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence Treatment

This article reviews changes in the research literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) since our earlier review (Stith, Rosen, & McCollum, 2003). A rationale for systemic treatment of IPV has emerged from research that has continued to document the limited effectiveness of single-gender treatment approaches for offenders and that has identified subtypes of abusive relationships, including situational couple violence, which often includes the reciprocal use of violence. Consistent findings from the available outcome research have demonstrated that for carefully screened couples who choose to stay together, systemic interventions decrease incidences of IPV and decrease the risk factors for IPV with no increase in risk. Implications for research and treatment are offered.
Garter snakes do not respond to TTX via chemoreception

Snakes detect and recognize prey through chemoreception using their tongue, but can they also detect toxins secreted by prey? Taste-rejection has been described in predators as a means of sampling prey for toxicity prior to ingestion but at the cost of minor intoxication and energy expenditure. Toxin detection prior to attack of prey might reduce these costs. Thamnophissirtalis (common garter snake) is among the predators that have been shown to employ taste-rejection of toxic prey but, as with all snakes, they primarily use vomeronasal chemoreception to evaluate potential prey. We investigated whether T. sirtalis use chemoreception as means of perceiving tetrodotoxin (TTX) found in their newt prey. We used the common tongue-flick behavioral assay to evaluate response to TTX and found that naive T. sirtalis did not respond differently to the toxin than a control. We conclude that T. sirtalis cannot detect TTX by chemoreception, or do not alter their behavior if they do.
Effects of cations of the plasma membrane of Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores An ESR study.

The physical properties of the plasma membrane of the aquatic phycomycete Blastocladiella emersonii were investigated, in particular the effects of cations on membrane structure. Intact zoospores and lipid extracts were labelled with the spin-labels 5-nitroxystearate (5-NS), 12-nitroxystearate (12-NS), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempo). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy indicated a total of three breaks in plots of the hyperfine splitting parameter, 2T|, order parameter, S, and the partition coefficient, f, vs. temperature. The first and third break points (TL and TH) were found to be independent of the external K+, Ca2+, or Mg2+ concentrations. They were similar to the break points found in aqueous dispersions of lipid extracts and correlate well with the temperature limits for zoospore viability. In contrast, the middle break point (TM) was markedly influenced by the external Ca2+ concentration. Ca2+ increased TM from 12°C (no Ca2+ added) to 22°C (10 mM Ca2+), i.e., growth temperature. K+ reversed this Ca2+ effect, downshifting TM from 22°C to 10°C. A comparison of the physico-chemical effects of these ions on the membrane, as revealed by the cation-induced shift in TM, is closely correlated with the temperature dependence and physiological effects of cations on zoospore differentiation. This suggests that cations may modify the physical state of the plasma membrane and be involved in regulating the initial changes during zoospore encystment.
Existential Destruction: de Beauvoir's Fictional Portrayal of Woman's Situation

The pressing question and a most notable contribution to philosophy by Simone de Beauvoir is her reconciliation of Sartrean ontology in conjunction with the situation of women. Without abandoning t...
Basis Sets for Geometry Optimizations of Second-Row Transition Metal Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes

Modest-sized basis sets for the second-row transition metal atoms are developed for use in geometry optimization calculations. Our method is patterned after previous work on basis sets for first-row transition metal atoms. The basis sets are constructed from the minimal basis sets of Huzinaga and are augmented with a set of diffuse p and d functions. The exponents of these diffuse functions are chosen to minimize both the difference between the calculated and experimental equilibrium geometries and the total molecular energies for several second-row transition metal inorganic and organometallic complexes. Slightly smaller basis sets, based on the same Huzinaga minimal sets but augmented with a set of diffuse s and p functions rather than diffuse p and d functions, are also presented. The performance of these basis sets is tested on a wide variety of second-row transition metal inorganic and organometallic complexes and is compared to pseudopotential basis sets incorporating effective core potentials.
Elastic-plastic analysis of hardened layers in rims subjected to repeated rolling contacts

This paper examines the effects of shallow, surface, and subsurface hardened layers on the response of rims to repeated, 2-dimensional (plane strain) rolling contacts. The rolling is simulated by translating a Hertzian pressure distribution across a finite element model of an elastic-plastic half-space. Four cases are examined: (1) a homogeneous rim, (2) and (3) rims with 0.2w-deep and 0.4w-deep (2w is the Hertzian contact width) hardened surface layers, and (4) a rim with a 0.4w-deep subsurface layer. The dimension 2w can be viewed as either the macrocontact width or the microasperity contact width. The calculations treat elastic-perfectly plastic, cycle and amplitude independent, Von Mises material behavior with the yield strength of the hardened layers twice the value of the surrounding material. The effects of pure rolling at a peak contact pressure-to-shear yield strength ratiop0/k = 5 are examined. The calculations describe the effects of the layers on the displacements of the rim surface, the extent of the plastic zone, the residual stresses, and incremental plastic strains. The results indicate that the response of the material at different depths is weakly coupled. Cyclic plasticity is eliminated in the hardened layers, but is not substantially altered in the adjacent material. The hardened layer must occupy a large part of the respective active plastic zones of the macrocontact and microasperity contact to prevent continuing cyclic plastic deformation in the two regions.
Increased prooxidant action of hepatic cytosolic low-molecular-weight iron in experimental iron overload

In the iron-loaded liver there may be an increase in the putative intracellular transit pool of iron, components of which could be catalytically active in stimulating lipid peroxidation. To study the levels of low-molecular-weight, catalytically active iron in the liver, cytosolic ultrafiltrates were tested in an assay containing rat liver microsomes and NADPH. Malondialdehyde production was used as an index of lipid peroxidation. This assay system was sensitive enough to detect 0.25 mumol/L ferrous iron; progressive but non-linear increases in malondialdehyde were produced as the iron concentration was increased to 5 mumol/L. Ultrafiltrates from hepatic cytosol of iron-loaded rats had greater prooxidant action than did those from controls. When added to the assay, deferoxamine, an iron chelator, completely suppressed the prooxidant action of hepatic ultrafiltrates, showing that this activity is iron-dependent. Deferoxamine administered intraperitoneally to control animals at a dose of 1 gm/kg completely inhibited the prooxidant effect of hepatic ultrafiltrates prepared from rats killed after 1, 2 and 3 hr. Partial inhibition was observed at 4 hr; by 6 hr the inhibitory effect of deferoxamine was completely lost. Administration of deferoxamine (1 gm/kg intraperitoneally, 1 hr before killing) completely inhibited the prooxidant action of hepatic ultrafiltrates in moderately iron-loaded rats and controls but had no protective effect in heavily iron-loaded rats. These results support the concept that iron overload results in an increase in a hepatic cytosolic pool of low-molecular-weight iron that is catalytically active in stimulating lipid peroxidation. This pool can be chelated transiently in vivo by deferoxamine in moderate, but not heavy, iron overload.
More to death than dying: apoptosis in the pathogenesis of SSA/Ro-SSB/La-associated congenital heart block.

Human disease knows no barriers to the extent to which any physiologic cell process can go awry and, in doing so, wreak havoc upon the organism. Such a fundamental process as cell death, even when orchestrated by an orderly ‘‘program,’’ can contribute to disease. Specifically, apoptosis of human fetal cardiac cells can result in inadvertent binding of maternal autoantibodies to their antigenic SSA/Ro-SSB/La targets which promotes a response by tissue macrophages that involves phagocytosis of an immune complex. In this article, the focus is on the efferent arm of autoimmunity. Evidence is presented to support a strong link between apoptosis and macrophage clearance in which a pivotal pathogenic mechanism involves the removal of opsonized apoptotic cardiocytes in the early stages of cardiac injury; this results in a macrophage-dependent process that leads to fibrosis of the conducting system and, in some cases, a more global cardiomyopathy. Congenital heart block (CHB) is a passively acquired autoimmune disease in a fetus that almost universally is associated with maternal antibodies to the intracellular ribonucleoproteins, SSA/Ro or SSB/La, and is a manifestation of the so-called ‘‘neonatal lupus syndromes’’ (reviewed in Refs. [1,2]). It is debated whether these maternal autoantibodies, which are transferred across the placenta into the fetal circulation, cause CHB or merely are disease markers. Causality has not been established unequivocally. CHB occurs in only 2% of offspring who are born to mothers who have anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies [3]; this suggests that there might be a subset of pathogenic antibodies and fetal factors that contribute to disease expression. Apparently, CHB is an injury that is unique to some phase
ADP-ribosylation Factor-1 Stimulates Formation of Nascent Secretory Vesicles from the trans-Golgi Network of Endocrine Cells

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small GTP-binding protein that has been implicated in intracellular vesicular transport. ARF regulates the budding of vesicles that mediate endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and intra-Golgi transport. It also plays an important role in maintaining the function and morphology of the Golgi apparatus. Using a permeabilized cell system derived from GH3 cells, we provide evidence that ARF-1 regulates the formation of nascent secretory vesicles from the trans-Golgi network. Both myristoylated and non-myristoylated forms of recombinant human ARF-1 enhanced secretory vesicle budding about 2-fold. A mutant lacking the first 17 N-terminal residues, as well as one that preferentially binds GDP (T31N) did not stimulate vesicle formation. In contrast, a mutant defective in GTP hydrolysis (Q71L) promoted vesicle budding. Strikingly, a peptide corresponding to the N terminus of human ARF-1 (amino acids 2-17) also stimulated vesicle budding from the trans-Golgi network, in marked contrast to its inhibitory effect on vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. These data demonstrate that in endocrine cells, ARF-1 and in particular its N terminus play an essential role in the formation of secretory vesicles.
Emergency department focused bedside echocardiography in massive pulmonary embolism.

Abstract Background Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common consideration in unstable patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain, dyspnea, or cardiac arrest. It is a potentially lethal condition necessitating prompt recognition and aggressive management. Conventional diagnostic modalities in the ED, including chest computed tomography angiography and ventilation-perfusion scanning, require the unstable patient to leave the department, and raise concerns over renal injury. Several case reports document findings of massive PE on echocardiography performed in the ED; however, none was performed, interpreted, and acted upon in the form of thrombolytic therapy by an emergency physician without the additional benefit of a cardiologist’s interpretation or a confirmatory imaging study. Objective We present a case that illustrates the utility of ED focused bedside echocardiography in suspected massive PE and briefly review direct and indirect ultrasound findings of acute PE. Case Report A case of massive PE in a 61-year-old woman is reported. In this patient with marked dyspnea, progressive hemodynamic instability, and contraindications to definitive imaging, ED focused bedside echocardiography provided valuable information that strongly suggested the diagnosis and led to alteplase administration. To our knowledge, this case represents the first report of thrombolytic therapy administration for acute massive PE based solely on clinical presentation and an emergency physician-performed bedside echocardiogram. Conclusion In the hands of an experienced emergency physician ultrasonographer, ED focused bedside echocardiography provides a safe, rapid, and non-invasive diagnostic adjunct for evaluation of the patient suspected of having massive PE.
Developmental regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump in the rabbit heart.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have demonstrated that myocardial function changes during mammalian perinatal development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subcellular basis underlying the slower relaxation in the developing heart by examining perinatal changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, and in SR Ca2+ pump protein and mRNA abundance. We measured Ca2+ uptake and ATPase rates in isolated fetal, newborn, and adult rabbit cardiac SR membranes. In fetal and adult SR membranes, we estimated the active Ca2+ pump protein content by measuring the steady state Ca2+-dependent phosphoenzyme content; the total Ca2+ pump protein content was estimated by Western analysis of the immuno-reactive Ca2+ pumps. We isolated RNA from fetal and adult hearts and estimated the SR Ca2+ pump mRNA content by Northern analysis. Ca2+ uptake and ATPase rates were significantly lower in the fetal and newborn SR membranes compared with the adult. The contents of active and total Ca2+ pump protein and of Ca2+ pump mRNA were 52–63% lower in the fetus than in the adult. These results indicate that a great deal of the slower sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca1+ uptake and ATPase rates in the fetal rabbit heart can be related to lower Ca2+ pump mRNA and protein contents. It is evident that transcriptional and/or posttran-scriptional regulation of the SR Ca2+ pump may form an important part of the subcellnlar basis of the perinatal change in mammalian cardiac relaxation.
Duration of Joblessness Following Displacement

This paper examines the duration of joblessness for workers displaced from full-time nonagricultural jobs between 1979 and 1981. Although nearly one-half of these workers found jobs within 14 weeks of displacement, many experienced very long spells of joblessness. A Weibull model of jobless spell duration is estimated that identifies demographic characteristics and labor market conditions significantly affecting the expected duration of joblessness. The results indicate that many displaced workers become structurally unemployed.
Gynecologic sequelae of bacterial vaginosis.

Ž . Bacterial vaginosis BV is the most common cause of vaginitis. This complex alteration of vaginal flora causes mild symptoms in women characterized as a milky vaginal discharge with a fishy odor worsened after unprotected vaginal coitus. It is now clear that this seemingly harmless disorder causing nuisance symptoms is linked to a number of important adverse reproductive tract sequelae including preterm labor and delivery. Although much work is left to be done, available data suggests the need to be more vigilant in screening for and treating this common infection in women.
The Macro/Social Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility: Informational Abundance and Collective Action

In the past 15 years, the idea of “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) has become an important part of contemporary business life. This paper looks at CSR through a social-economics lens, examining the role of broadly-held social values in shaping its objectives, identifying the sources of market pressures on firms to bring their operations into better conformity with these values, and examining how these pressures work in practice through a case study of the “No Dirty Gold” campaign. It is argued that an important part of the effectiveness of CSR rests in informational abundance: because information and communication technologies like the internet make it much easier to publicize ethically problematic behavior by firms, it is much easier to get mainstream consumers and investors (whose behavior is not systematically shaped by ethical concerns) to participate in efforts to sanction them. The case study points to both the promise and the limitations of relying on CSR to improve the social responsibility of the profit system.
Inferring brain dynamics using granger causality on fMRI data

Here we present a scalable method to compute the structure of causal links over large scale dynamical systems that achieves high efficiency in discovering actual functional connections. The method is based on the Granger causality analysis of multivariate linear models, solved by means of a sparse regression approach, and can deal with autoregressive models of more than 10,000 variables.
Alcoholism and identity: How an alternative framing of identity can facilitate Alcoholics Anonymous research

Motivational interviewing (MI), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) are the most common therapeutic approaches for alcoholism recovery. Whereas the former two are clinical treatments grounded in scientific theory, AA emerged as a peer-led program grounded in an array of scientific, social, and spiritual concepts. Researchers have failed to comprehensively identify AA's therapeutic mechanisms or to definitively link them to recovery outcomes. This failure may result from the false assumption that AA frames identity in the same way evidence-based psychological treatments do. This article explores the significance of identity to recovery from alcoholism. MI presumes a personal identity and CBT presumes a social identity. Measures of personal and social attributes are appropriate to these interventions. AA, however, promotes a relational identity which cannot be fully captured using measures of individual attributes. The implications for this shortcoming are presented, along with...
Pegfilgrastim: a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with sustained duration of action

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors such as filgrastim (Neupogen®, Amgen, Inc.) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®, Amgen, Inc.) are frequently used in clinical practice for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and its potentially life-threatening complications. Due to its unique neutrophil-mediated clearance, pegfilgrastim can be administered once per chemotherapy cycle. Clinical trials have shown that a single, fixed subcutaneous dose of pegfilgrastim 6 mg is comparable in safety and efficacy to daily injections of filgrastim for decreasing the incidence of infection following myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Postregistrational trials have been conducted to evaluate the use of pegfilgrastim with emerging dose-dense regimens, in myeloid cancers and for mobilisation and engraftment of autologous stem cells. Ongoing clinical trials continue to explore further potential uses for pegfilgrastim.
ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) comprise a powerful class of tools that are redefining the boundaries of biological research. These chimeric nucleases are composed of programmable, sequence-specific DNA-binding modules linked to a nonspecific DNA cleavage domain. ZFNs and TALENs enable a broad range of genetic modifications by inducing DNA double-strand breaks that stimulate error-prone nonhomologous end joining or homology-directed repair at specific genomic locations. Here, we review achievements made possible by site-specific nuclease technologies and discuss applications of these reagents for genetic analysis and manipulation. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of ZFNs and TALENs and discuss future prospects for the field, including the emergence of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas-based RNA-guided DNA endonucleases.
New Paradigm for Vessel Intravasation by Tumor Cells

The current dogma is that active stromal and vascular invasion by cancer cells themselves is essential to the metastatic process. 1 Yet, in this issue of The American Journal of Pathology, Sugino and co-workers 2 present evidence that, for some tumor models, tumor cells can gain access into blood vessels by intravasation of tumor cell nests surrounded by vascular endothelial cells, followed by intravascular tumor growth in the lung, without penetration of the vascular wall during either process. These investigators report a murine mammary tumor (MCH66) model of metastasis that does not require invasion into the vascular wall of the target organ. Observations from comparing a non-metastatic MCH66 clone (MCH66C8) and another highly invasive metastatic cell line (MCH416) suggested that high angiogenic activity and sinusoidal remodeling of tumor blood vessels were prerequisites for MCH66 metastasis. Moreover, by using differential cDNA analysis the authors identified several genes that were overexpressed by MCH66, including genes for pleiotrophin as well as extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated molecules, which may modulate the microenvironment toward neovascularization. Sugino and co-workers 2 conclude that, in some tumors, tumor angiogenesis plays a central role in the induction of invasion-independent metastasis. Clearly, these findings provide additional momentum for using anti-angiogenic models in screening and development of new therapeutic agents for cancer metastasis.