cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Target Sensing Using Multi-Frequency Sparse Array

In this paper, we discuss high-resolution target sensing through the exploitation of multi-frequency sparse array processing. By using simple design examples of a three-element sensor array coupled with the sensing signals consisting of three well-designed frequencies, we provide insights to achieve a high number of consecutive lags, unique lags, and array aperture. Such multi-frequency sensor arrays with reduced number of sensors can be attractive in many applications to achieve effective sensing with a low cost.
Use of Dexmedetomidine in Early Prone Positioning Combined With High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in a COVID-19 Positive Patient

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to manifest in our society, we still lack evidence-based treatment guidelines. Current treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia has been modeled from currently established guidelines such as that of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). COVID-19 pneumonia, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by severe hypoxia and near-normal respiratory system compliance with a time-related presentation. Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 receptor agonist that promotes sedative and anxiolytic effects without the risk of respiratory depression and can provide cooperative or semi-rousable sedation. Patients who are developing ARDS secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia have been treated with self-proning intervals in combination with supplementation of oxygenation via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV); however, a few patients have poor tolerance to the devices, leading to poor compliance and eventual worsening respiratory symptoms leading to intubation. In the current case report, we detail how a patient was able to successfully be self-proned with proper tolerance to HFNC and NIPPV while using dexmedetomidine, leading to discharge without the need for further oxygen supplementation at home.
Training Direct Service Personnel in Functional Communication Training with Adults with Disabilities

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may engage in challenging behavior. These behaviors present challenges to support staff who often lack training in effective behavior management procedures. Behavioral skills training (BST) is an empirically supported method of staff training and has been used to teach support staff a number of intervention skills. The purpose of this study was to extend the literature on BST and to examine the effects of BST on staff implementation of functional communication training (FCT) for three adults with IDD using a non-concurrent multiple baseline design. Results indicated that with BST, staff fidelity increased over baseline levels. With the addition of individualized coaching, staff implementation reached mastery criteria. Improvements in staff implementation fidelity corresponded with decreases in participant challenging behavior and increases in appropriate communication. Findings suggest that BST with coaching may be an effective method to train staff to implement FCT with adults.
Singing Through the Change: Women’s Voices in Midlife, Menopause, and Beyond

The authors of this highly anticipated book are all professional singers, teachers of the singing voice, and highly qualified to address the topic of Singing Through Change: Women’s Voices in Menop...
Solid waste: An overlooked source of microplastics to the environment

Microplastics pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems of the 21st century. While microplastics are pervasive throughout various environmental compartments, research to date has primarily focused on marine systems. Land-based microplastics sources (e.g., solid waste) have received comparatively little attention, although they account for the main flow of microplastics into aquatic environments. Solid waste microplastics sources primarily include landfill refuse, sludge, and food waste. Microplastics in these waste streams can be associated with various micropollutants that can have deleterious impacts on ecosystem health as they enter the food chain. Thus, understanding the occurrence, fate, and degradation pathways of solid waste microplastics is essential to develop comprehensive control and mitigation strategies. This study critically reviewed these key aspects of microplastics in municipal solid waste landfill refuse, sewage sludge, and food waste, and identified the interconnections of these components in the proliferation of microplastics to the environment. Additionally, microplastics related laws and regulations and their relevance to solid waste microplastics mitigation are discussed.
The 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines at Ten: A View from the FTC’s Bureau of Economics

Ten years after the adoption of the 2010 revisions to the joint DOJ/FTC Horizontal Merger Guidelines, our experience in the Bureau of Economics at the Federal Trade Commission leads us to conclude that the revised Guidelines have contributed positively to the Commission’s merger enforcement program. In this paper, we discuss some of the more significant differences between the 2010 Guidelines and the preceding version, and we identify specific cases that illustrate the continued relevance of practices and techniques that are highlighted in the revised Guidelines.
Neuromotor Prosthetic to Treat Stroke-Related Paresis

Abstract Background Functional recovery of independent arm movement typically plateaus within six months following a stroke, leaving survivors with chronic deficits. This feasibility study tested whether a wearable, powered exoskeletal orthosis, driven by a percutaneous, implanted brain–computer interface (BCI), using the ensemble activity of individual neurons in the precentral gyrus in the affected cortical hemisphere, could restore voluntary upper extremity function in a chronic hemiparetic stroke survivor. Methods One chronic hemiparetic stroke survivor with moderate-to-severe upper-limb motor impairment used a powered wearable elbow-wrist-hand orthosis that opened and closed the affected hand using cortical activity from the affected hemisphere with imagined hand movements. The system was evaluated in a home setting for 12 weeks. Motor function was evaluated before, during, and after the treatment. Results Robust single unit activity was present throughout the precentral gyrus areas implanted for the duration of the study. Although abnormal oscillations, that appeared to correlate with contralateral spasticity, were present, the participant was able to acquire voluntary control over a hand-orthosis BCI based upon ensemble single unit activity and high frequency local field potential power. The study participant (C2) was able to achieve a maximum score of 10 points on the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) while using the BCI system as compared to 0 without any device, and 5 using only myoelectric control. Orthosis-powered hand-opening was faster with BCI-based control as compared to myoelectric control, likely due to the fact that BCI-control could be deployed without triggering abnormal spasticity inevitably reinforced by myoelectric control. Conclusions The findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of an implantable BCI system targeting the affected hemisphere, to “electrically bypass” the stroke, in this n-of-1 pilot study. The participant’s ability to rapidly acquire voluntary control over otherwise paralyzed hand opening, more than 18 months after a subcortical stroke, lays the foundation for a fully implanted movement restoration system that could restore independent arm function to stroke survivors.
NMR analysis and molecular dynamics conformation of α-1,6-linear and α-1,3-branched isomaltose oligomers as mimetics of α-1,6-linked dextran.

Abstract The conformational preferences of several α-1,6-linear and α-1,3-branched isomalto-oligosaccharides were investigated by NMR and MD-simulations. Right-handed helical structure contributed to the solution geometry in isomaltotriose and isomaltotetraose with one nearly complete helix turn and stabilizing intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the latter by MD-simulation. Decreased helix contribution was observed in α-1,3-glucopyranosyl- and α-1,3-isomaltosyl-branched saccharide chains. Especially the latter modification was predicted to cause a more compact structure consistent with literature rheology measurements as well as with published dextranase-resistant α-1,3-branched oligosaccharides. The findings presented here are significant because they shed further light on the conformational preference of isomalto-oligosaccharides and provide possible help for the design of dextran-based drug delivery systems or for the targeted degradation of capsular polysaccharides by dextranases in multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Bold Feynman Diagrams and the Luttinger–Ward Formalism Via Gibbs Measures: Non-perturbative Analysis

Many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) is widely used in quantum physics, chemistry, and materials science. At the heart of MBPT is the Feynman diagrammatic expansion, which is, simply speaking, an elegant way of organizing the combinatorially growing number of terms of a certain Taylor expansion. In particular, the construction of the ‘bold Feynman diagrammatic expansion’ involves the partial resummation to infinite order of possibly divergent series of diagrams. This procedure demands investigation from both the combinatorial (perturbative) and the analytical (non-perturbative) viewpoints. In this paper, we approach the analytical investigation of the bold diagrammatic expansion in the simplified setting of Gibbs measures (known as the Euclidean lattice field theory in the physics literature). Using non-perturbative methods, we rigorously construct the Luttinger–Ward formalism for the first time, and we prove that the bold diagrammatic series can be obtained directly via an asymptotic expansion of the Luttinger–Ward functional, circumventing the partial resummation technique. Moreover we prove that the Dyson equation can be derived as the Euler–Lagrange equation associated with a variational problem involving the Luttinger–Ward functional. We also establish a number of key facts about the Luttinger–Ward functional, such as its transformation rule, its form in the setting of the impurity problem, and its continuous extension to the boundary of the domain of physical Green’s functions.
Generating Valid Inequalities and Facets Using RLT

Thus far, we have presented a hierarchy of relaxations leading up to the convex hull representation for zero-one mixed-integer programming problems, and have developed extensions of this hierarchy to accommodate inherent special structures as well as to handle general discrete (as opposed to simply 0–1) variables. A key advantage of this development that we wish to discuss in the present chapter is that the RLT produces an algebraically explicit convex hull representation at the highest level. While it might not be computationally feasible to actually generate and solve the linear program based on this convex hull representation because of its potentially exponential size, there are other ways to exploit this information or facility to advantage as we shall presently see.
Experience With the Colloidal Silver Treatment of Cancer

Excerpt At the time of initiation of the lead treatment of cancer by Blair Bell it was claimed1that lead acted as a specific poison for undifferentiated tissues, whether embryonal or neoplastic. Co...
Pricing Parisian Options: The Extended Binomial Method vs. Monte-Carlo Simulation

I extend the Cox, Ross, Rubinstein binomial model to price Parisian options and compare it with Monte-Carlo simulation. The CRR tree is extended to solve the path-dependence of Parisian options by keeping track of a vector of prices that the Parisian option may take at each tree node under different scenarios. The extended model can be applied to price a class of path-dependent options with minimal modifications. I also incorporate the method for choosing the number of time-steps that will yield more precise price estimates. The results are then compared to those given by closed-form formulas in the limiting cases by setting time-below the barrier (in a knock-out option) to be zero or longer than the option maturity. The extended binomial model requires less computing time to produce accurate results when compared with the Monte-Carlo approach. Moreover, with a small modification, the extended binomial model can price American style Parisian options. On the other hand, Monte-Carlo simulation is superior to account for discrete price monitoring and to provide likely error in the pricing estimates.
IFRS in the United States: If, When and How

This paper provides an overview of the convergence efforts of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. It begins with their 2002 Memorandum of Understanding and traces developments up to the December 2011 announcement by the IASB Chair that convergence has come to a close, and it is now time to incorporate IFRS into the US financial reporting system. The paper then assesses approaches being considered by the SEC for incorporating IFRS into the US financial reporting model. The conclusion calls on the SEC to ‘make a decision’ and set a date for US adoption of IFRS. Otherwise, the SEC effectively will have abandoned its goal of a single set of high quality global accounting standards.
Osteopathic manipulative treatment for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a distinctive modality commonly used by osteopathic physicians to complement their conventional treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Previous reviews and meta-analyses of spinal manipulation for low back pain have not specifically addressed OMT and generally have focused on spinal manipulation as an alternative to conventional treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of OMT as a complementary treatment for low back pain.
Progress in West Nile virus research

West Nile Virus(WNV) is a member ofthe Flaviviridae family and a positive single-strand RNA virus;the major route of its transmission is by mosquito bites.With the increasing prevalence of infection in recent years,concerns have increased with regard to transmission routes besides mosquito bites,such as blood transfusions;the laboratory diagnosis of WNV has made progress,and related WNV vaccines are being developed.This article reviews the current research on WNV regarding its molecular biology,epidemiology,infection and immunity,laboratory diagnosis,and vaccines.
HOW COMMON IS HOMOPLOID HYBRID SPECIATION

Hybridization has long been considered a process that prevents divergence between species. In contrast to this historical view, an increasing number of empirical studies claim to show evidence for hybrid speciation without a ploidy change. However, the importance of hybridization as a route to speciation is poorly understood, and many claims have been made with insufficient evidence that hybridization played a role in the speciation process. We propose criteria to determine the strength of evidence for homoploid hybrid speciation. Based on an evaluation of the literature using this framework, we conclude that although hybridization appears to be common, evidence for an important role of hybridization in homoploid speciation is more circumscribed.
The Adolescent Substance Abuse Goal Commitment (ASAGC) Questionnaire: An Examination of Clinical Utility and Psychometric Properties.

Abstract Commitment to change is an innovative potential mediator or mechanism of behavior change that has not been examined in adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD). The Adolescent Substance Abuse Goal Commitment (ASAGC) questionnaire is a 16-item measure developed to assess an individual's commitment to his/her stated treatment goal. The objectives of this study are to explore the research and clinical utility of the commitment construct as measured by the ASAGC. During sessions 3 and 9 of a 10-week SUD treatment, therapists completed the ASAGC for 170 13–18 year-old adolescents. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the ATAGC items. Concurrent validity with related constructs, self-efficacy and motivation for change, was examined as well. At both sessions, the factor analysis resulted in two scales – Commitment to Recovery and Commitment to Harm Reduction. The ASAGC scales were found to demonstrate a high level of internal consistency (alpha coefficients ranged from .92 to .96 over time). In contrast to the Commitment to Harm Reduction scale, the Commitment to Recovery scale consistently correlated with scales from the Situational Confidence Questionnaire assessing self-efficacy, evidencing concurrent validity. Similarly, the Commitment to Recovery scale was related to the Problem Recognition Questionnaire, providing further evidence of the validity of the ASAGC. The ASAGC is a reliable and valid clinical research instrument for the assessment of adolescents' commitment to their substance abuse treatment goal. Clinical researchers may take advantage of the clinical utility of the ASAGC including its ability to differentiate between commitment to abstinence versus commitment to harm reduction.
Genesis of epileptic interictal spikes. New knowledge of cortical feedback systems suggests a neurophysiological explanation of brief paroxysms

Abstract A series of divers experiments in mammalian cortex and isolated neurons have yielded data suggesting a possible mechanism for the generation of the interictal epileptic spike, the simplest type of paroxysmal neuronal activity. We have outlined the hypothesis that penicillin, the most commonly used epileptogenic agent, brings about the following effects. Excitatory feedback actions in the cortex are enhanced by a decrease in the threshold for impulse initiation in neurons within these pathways and/or by an increase in the potency of excitatory synaptic actions. An increase in the gain of positive feedback systems in the cortex could lead to the production of the explosive and synchronous ‘epileptic spike’ with its cellular correlate, the ‘paroxysmal depolarizing shift’, which is believed to be an EPSP. The termination of the interictal spike has been suggested to depend, at least in part, on the delayed and enduring operation of recurrent inhibition.
Provision of ecosystem services by human-made structures in a highly impacted estuary

Water filtration is one of the most important ecosystem services provided by sessile organisms in coastal ecosystems. As a consequence of increased coastal development, human-made shoreline structures (e.g., docks and bulkheads) are now common, providing extensive surface area for colonization by filter feeders. We estimate that in a highly urbanized sub-tropical estuary, water filtration capacity supported by filter feeding assemblages on dock pilings accounts for 11.7 million liters of water h 1 , or 30% of the filtration provided by all natural oyster reef throughout the estuary. Assemblage composition, and thus filtration capacity, varied as a function of piling type, suggesting that the choice of building material has critical implications for ecosystem function. A more thorough depiction of the function of coastal ecosystems necessitates quantification of the extensive ecosystem services associated with human-made structures.
Beam optics of a self-focusing plasma lens.

In this paper we analyze the optics of a high-energy beam which is focused by its own wakefields in a plasma. We calculate the effects of lens aberrations on the focusing strength of the lens and on the dilution of the beam's phase space. From this we derive the minimum spot size achievable using a bi-Gaussian beam and, after inclusion of the beam-beam pinch effect, the luminosity enhancement that can be gained in principle. We estimate the luminosity enhancement in the case of SLAC Linear Collider beam design parameters, and discuss limitations and possible improvements in plasma-lens performance.
Fapy.dG instructs klenow Exo- to misincorporate deoxyadenosine

The effects of Fapy·dG (N-(2-deoxy-α,β-d-erythropentofuranosyl)-N-(2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine)) on the activity of Klenow exo- have been determined by using oligonucleotide substrates containing the lesion at a defined site. Fapy·dG inhibits primer polymerization at two positions: nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion and extension one nucleotide past the lesion. Klenow exo- is inhibited less by Fapy·dG than by its analogue, MeFapy·dG. Fapy·dG instructs the polymerase to misincorporate deoxyadenosine opposite itself 20 times more frequently than does dG. Extension of the primer containing the Fapy·dG:dA base pair is only slightly less efficient than when dC is opposite the lesion. Overall, Fapy·dG increases the probability that Klenow exo- will make a mistake during replication approximately 80-million fold compared to a template containing the native nucleotide, dG.
Microstructure of amorphous and crystalline electrodeposited Ni-P and Co-P alloys

A new model for the microstructure of electrodeposited Ni-P and Co-P alloys is presented based upon the concept of grain boundary segregation. The model correctly explains the compositional dependence of grain size as well as other experimental data. The model also predicts an anomalous low temperature heat capacity and a low temperature resistivity minimum. Both these predictions are confirmed experimentally.
Tail length affects territory ownership in the yellow-shouldered widowbird

Abstract Abstract. Bright and conspicuous colours and ornaments of male birds are often attributed to female choice, but alternative hypotheses, such as male-male competition for females or resources, are rarely considered. Yellow-shouldered widowbirds, Euplectes macrourus , are sexually dimorphic, polygynous birds in which males have long tails. Males with experimentally shortened tails were less likely to acquire or retain territories (4 of 11) than controls (7 of 9) or males with lengthened tails (9 of 10). This was not due to indirect effects of the experimental treatments on male behaviour, as the displays used in territorial encounters did not differ in their frequency among the treatment groups. Tail length did not appear to affect female choice, as there was no correlation between natural tail length and male attractiveness (measured as the number of females nesting in his territory) and no difference between treatments in the number of females nesting in a male's territory. Thus, male-male competition for territories can also lead to the evolution of ornaments and may be an important factor in the evolution of conspicuousness.
Pulmonary involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

M ore than 50 percent ofpatients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have involvement of the lungs.’ The defects in cell-mediated immunity that characterize AIDS predispose to a variety of pulmonary infections caused by pathogens that by and large are considered to be opportunistic.2 Chiefamong these is Pneumocystis carinii followed by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cytomegalovirus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Nonopportunistic organisms such as M tuberculosis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Legionella pneumophila may also be encountered, although the diagnosis of diseases caused by these agents, even in a patient from a recognized high risk group, does not establish the diagnosis of AIDS. The surveillance definition of AIDS accepted currently by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is as follows: the presence of a reliably diagnosed disease at least moderately indicative ofunderlying cellular immunodeficiency (Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient less than 60 years ofage, P carinii pneumonia or other opportunistic infections) occurring in the absence of known causes of underlying immunodeficiency and any other reduced resistance reported to be associated with the disease (immunosuppressive therapy, lymphoreticular As indicated in the definition, Kaposi’s sarcoma is one of the disorders associated with and diagnostic of AIDS. This neoplasm may involve the lungs as well as other viscera, and thus, must be included in a review the pulmonary manifestations of AIDS. This discussion will review briefly the epidemiologic features and immunologic abnormalities of AIDS and will focus more specifically on the pulmonary diagnostic evaluation of patients with AIDS or suspected AIDS and the management of the lung infections that are encountered frequently. A more comprehensive
Food Allergy Testing in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: What the Gastroenterologist Needs to Know

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic disease of increasing prevalence in children and adults. The triggering antigen in EoE is often a food that initiates a cascade of Th2-associated interleukins such as interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 and chemokines such as eotaxin-3 as well as esophageal eosinophilia and mastocytosis. Amino acid-based formulas have high efficacy rates in EoE and constitute the first evidence for food-triggered esophageal eosinophilia. Animal models have demonstrated the sufficiency of food antigens in triggering both the inflammatory and remodeling complications of EoE. Food elimination diets that are followed by single food introduction with repeat biopsy have proven the efficacy of empiric and allergy testing based elimination diets in children and adults. Although the ideal allergy test for identifying food antigens in EoE remains to be elucidated, the utility of food skin prick combined with atopy patch testing has been shown in large pediatric cohorts. By comparison, smaller, non-U.S. adult cohorts have not had similar results. Currently, a positive test on food allergy evaluation suggests a food trigger for EoE but does not substitute for biopsy-based tissue evaluation after food removal and reintroduction. The higher rates of food anaphylaxis in children with EoE, potential loss of tolerance to immunoglobulin E-positive foods that can occur with food avoidance, and the high rates of other atopic diatheses in EoE subjects all support the evaluation of EoE subject by an allergist, consideration for allergy testing, and an integrated approach by allergists, gastroenterologists, and pathologists in EoE management.
In vivo phosphorylation of a recombinant peptide substrate of CDPK suggests involvement of CDPK in plant stress responses.

A phage display library displaying random peptides 15 amino acids in length was screened for peptides that interact with soybean (Glycine max L.) CDPKα, an isoform of calcium-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37). Interaction of phage displaying the peptide RHPTLTRSPTLRNIQ with CDPKα was confirmed in an independent binding assay. A synthetic peptide corresponding to this sequence plus the surrounding amino acids AERHPTLTRSPTLRNIQPPC was synthesized and found to be a substrate of CDPK isoforms α, β, and γ. A second random peptide phage display library was constructed that displayed the substrate peptide sequence plus an additional 10 random amino acids on its amino-terminal side. Nine new peptides were obtained from the screening, all of which were phosphorylated by CDPKα. Sequence VSPRSFWTTWRHPTLTRSPTLRNIQ appeared twice in the screen. Because it agreed well with the consensus phosphorylation site of CDPKs, its coding sequence was cloned and stably transformed into tobacco cells. The substrate peptide expressed in tobacco was phosphorylated by recombinant CDPKα in vitro and by endogenous CDPK in vivo. Increased phosphorylation of the peptide substrate in response to hydrogen peroxide treatment was observed in transgenic tobacco cells. These results show that the peptide substrate expressed in tobacco cells can be used as a CDPK activity reporter for in vivo studies.
Introduction: JAE Reviews

One purpose of any review section in an academic journal is to survey and critique the works within the discipline. But review essays are more than simply criticisms of previously published writing...
Sex-specific expression of the X-linked histone demethylase gene Jarid1c in brain.

Jarid1c, an X-linked gene coding for a histone demethylase, plays an important role in brain development and function. Notably, JARID1C mutations cause mental retardation and increased aggression in humans. These phenotypes are consistent with the expression patterns we have identified in mouse brain where Jarid1c mRNA was detected in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Jarid1c expression and associated active histone marks at its 5′end are high in P19 neurons, indicating that JARID1C demethylase plays an important role in differentiated neuronal cells. We found that XX mice expressed Jarid1c more highly than XY mice, independent of their gonadal types (testes versus ovaries). This increased expression in XX mice is consistent with Jarid1c escape from X inactivation and is not compensated by expression from the Y-linked paralogue Jarid1d, which is expressed at a very low level compared to the X paralogue in P19 cells. Our observations suggest that sex-specific expression of Jarid1c may contribute to sex differences in brain function.
Identification and Chromosomal Localization of CTNNAL1, a Novel Protein Homologous to α-Catenin

Abstract Sodium butyrate (NaB) was shown to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in a human pancreatic cancer cell line (AsPC-1). To identify the genes that are differentially regulated by NaB, we generated subtracted EST libraries highly enriched for up- or down-regulated transcripts using the suppression subtraction hybridization technique. One of the ESTs identified in the down-regulated library showed significant homology to human α-catenin. A cDNA of 2.45 kb that codes for a putative protein of 734 aa was cloned. The cloned cDNA was used as a template in anin vitrotranscription–translation reaction. This produced a protein product of about 82 kDa in size. The gene designated as CTNNAL1 (catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha-like 1) was found to be ubiquitously expressed in many tissues including pancreas, heart, and skeletal muscle. A human BAC clone containing the gene was isolated and used as a probe for fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH). Both radiation hybrid and FISH analysis mapped the gene to chromosome band 9q31.2, a region where frequent abnormalities have been observed in bladder carcinoma, esophageal cancers, and several other tumors.
Possible role of a retrovirus in the expression of tumor-specific antigens of the meth a sarcoma.

The serologically defined tumor-specific surface antigen (TSSA) of the chemically-induced BALB/c Meth A sarcoma, highly restricted to one of 20 sarcomas of BALB/c origin, has been detected on a Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV)-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cell lines, designated IIA(v). The immunogenicity of the IIA(v) cell in tumor-rejection assays was specific for the Meth A sarcoma, supporting the evidence for a close relationship between the TSSA and the tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of this tumor. Infection of SC-I cells with retroviruses present in cultured filtrates of IIA(v) cells resulted in Meth A antigen expression. The retroviruses associated with Meth A antigen expression have been tentatively identified as replication and/or transformation-defective XC- MuLV. The possible roles of Mo-MuSV and cellular genes of the BALB/c strain of mice in the expression of the Meth A antigen are discussed.
Gordon Tullock: His journal and his scholarship*

The results presented here suggest that Public Choice is broadly cited by economists and political scientists. The journal currently ranks, approximately, in the middle of the pack with respect to various citation measures. Also, since the late seventies, the journal's ranking has improved significantly relative to both social science journals and to comparable economics journals. Some of the papers published in Public Choice are well cited and several made a significant impact on the thinking of scholars in both economics and political science. Either through his work as editor or through his articles, the thought of Gordon Tullock is well represented in the elite group of articles published in Public Choice.
Grinding-induced polymorphism in the aporphine alkaloid magnoflorine

Abstract The aporphine alkaloid magnoflorine iodide was isolated from the plant Thalictrum thalictroides . Comparison of its solid state IR spectrum with an authentic standard revealed a change in the spectrum of the standard which was dependent upon the amount of grinding used in preparing the halide pellet. Four possible causes of these IR spectral changes can be considered: ion exchange with the metal halide, absorption of atmospheric moisture, a chemical reaction on the surface of the KI, or a polymorphic transition. The most likely cause of the observed alterations in the IR spectrum is a change in crystalline structure caused either by grinding or by recrystallization. This is the first report of polymorphism in magnoflorine.
Cataloging Databases and Web Sites in OCLC and Voyager

Use of dynamic links from subject-based finding aids to records for electronic resources in the OPAC is suggested as one method for by-passing the OPAC search interface, thus making the library's electronic resources more accessible. This method simplifies maintenance of links to electronic resources and aids instruction by providing a single, consistent access point to them. Results of a usage study from before and after this project was completed show a consistent, often dramatic increase in use of the library's electronic resources.
Parameter identification of discrete-time series models for structural response prediction

Etude experimentale d'une methode en domaine de temps pour la modelisation et identification des parametres de structures mecaniques. Utilisation du modele ARMA pour l'expression de la fonction de transfert lineaire discrete en temps. Presentation d'une technique d'identification en deux etapes, qui utilise un modele surdetermine pour estimer les poles du modele ARMA a partir de la reponse en vibration libre du systeme ou de la reponse impulsionnelle temporelle. Utilisation d'un algorithme des moindres carres pour identifier les zones de la fonction de transfert de la reponse forcee
Stochastic Field Models for Aircraft Jet Engine Applications

This paper addresses the stochastic modeling for advanced jet engine applications and also presents an overview of the basic theoretical aspects of different useful stochastic field models and then illustrates their application to practical problems. It is shown that stochastic fields adequately capture key random aspects of engine environment and behavior. The illustrated applications address stochastic modeling issues that are typical for engine structural analysis, such as time-varying operating speed conditions, manufacturing geometry deviations, and engine vibration, that produce highly nonlinear responses. This paper discusses stochastic modeling for two situations often met in practice: (1) stochastic process/field models with known statistics; and (2) stochastic process/field models with unknown statistics. Illustrative examples are used to highlight features of different stochastic field modeling techniques.
Farmers' Markets: A Case for Culinary Tourism

This study explores the motivation of visitors at farmers' markets and identifies the potential of culinary tourist to contribute to the economic sustainability of a local market. A Web-based surve...
Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen sorbed by powdered palladium metal and alumina-supported palladium.

Hydrogen in 0.2 μm β-palladium powder and in an alumina-supported palladium catalyst was investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the shift on hydrogen pressure and the hydrogen-to-palladium (HPd) ratio in β-palladium hydride was determined for 273 K < T < 368 K. The activation energy for the process affecting the hydrogen shift is 9.4(± 0.5) kcal mol−1, similar to the enthalpy of transition from the α- to β-phase. NMR measurements of hydrogen in alumina-supported palladium show a similar behavior, which may allow one to use NMR shifts as a barometer of the state of the hydrogen in the metal.
THE COMPLEX LINEAR REPRESENTATIONS OF GL(2, k), k A FINITE FIELD

Let k be a finite field of odd characteristic, and let G be the group of all invertible 2 × 2 matrices over k. We construct the irreducible complex linear representations of the group G.The constructions lean on the method of induction from subgroups and on the theory of characters. To accomplish this goal, the basic facts from the theory of representations and characters of finite groups are presented. Furthermore, we describe the structure of G that we need, and the theory of representations of some subgroups of G that we use. As a final result, we obtain the theory of the irreducible representations of G,by describing either the irreducible representations of , or the irreducible characters of the group G.
Fern phylogeny inferred from 400 leptosporangiate species and three plastid genes

In an effort to obtain a solid and balanced approximation of global fern phylogeny to serve as a tool for addressing large-scale evolutionary questions, we assembled and analyzed the most inclusive molecular dataset for leptosporangiate ferns to date. Three plastid genes (rbcL, atpB, atpA), totaling more than 4,000 bp, were sequenced for each of 400 leptosporangiate fern species (selected using a proportional sampling approach) and five outgroups. Maximum likelihood analysis of these data yielded an especially robust phylogeny: 80% of the nodes were supported by a maximum likelihood bootstrap percentage ≥ 70. The scope of our analysis provides unprecedented insight into overall fern relationships, not only delivering additional support for the deepest leptosporangiate divergences, but also uncovering the composition of more recently emerging clades and their relationships to one another.
Vaporization under The Influence of An Electric Field

The thermodynamic equilibrium of a system solid gas in a non-uniform electric field is computed. The results as applied to a cylindrical metal filament in a radial field in an enclosure of uniform temperature $T$ are as follows: (1) The density of the saturated vapor is given by ${n}_{r}={n}_{0}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}(\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}}{\mathrm{kt}})(\frac{1}{{{r}_{0}}^{2}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{{r}^{2}})}$ at a radius $r$, $\ensuremath{\beta}$ being a function of the electric moment, the polarizibility of the atoms and of the field applied. (2) The heat of evaporation of the substance of the filament is increased by $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\varphi}=\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}}{{{r}_{0}}^{2}}$ being the radius of the filament. (3) The apparent rate of evaporation is to the normal rate in the ratio ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}(\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}}{\mathrm{kt}}/)(\frac{1}{{{r}_{0}}^{2}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{{r}^{2}})}$. The surface effects have been neglected. Comparing the result 3 with experiments, (the only one for which we have experimental data) it is found that this theory does not represent all that is happening.
Disposition, biotransformation, and detoxication of molinate (Ordram) in whole blood of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract Disposition and biotransformation of molinate and its sulfoxide in whole blood of the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) were separately compared in vitro ; analysis was by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Accumulation of both compounds by erythrocytes was nearly complete within 4 hr although molinate was absorbed to a greater extent. Molinate was oxidized by erythrocytes to the sulfoxide, and possibly the sulfone, then conjugated with glutathione (GSH) or l -cysteine and cleaved to form the mercapturic acid in both erythrocytes and plasma. Molinate sulfoxide was conjugated similarly; however, its larger initial level may have saturated the GSH conjugation pathway. Cellular debris residues (indicating possible hemoglobin carbamylation) following sulfoxide exposure were substantially greater than after molinate exposure. Molinate does not react with either GSH or amines in aqueous solution. Therefore, conjugation and possible hemoglobin carbamylation occur only after molinate sulfoxidation. Different from cyanate, molinate did not cause significant changes in whole blood oxygen dissociation, pH, or the Bohr shift. Therefore, at observed toxic levels, molinate is effectively detoxified within erythrocytes; it must exert its toxic effect elsewhere.
ELBA (electron beams in accelerators) particle simulation code

ELBA is a three-dimensional, particle-in-cell, simulation code that has been developed to study the propagation and transport of relativistic charged particle beams. The code is particularly suited to the simulation of relativistic electron beams propagating through collisionless or slightly collisional plasmas or through external electric or magnetic fields. Particle motion is followed via a coordinate “window” in the laboratory frame that moves at the speed of light. This scheme allows us to model only the immediate vicinity of the beam. Because no information can move in the forward direction in these coordinates, particle and field data can be handled in a simple way that allows for very large scale simulations. A mapping scheme has been implemented that, with corrections to Maxwell's equations, allows the inclusion of bends in the simulation system.
Origin of lactate dehydrogenase in fluid of cantharidin produced blisters.

SummaryLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme patterns in the blister fluid of cantharidin-produced blisters, epidermis, dermis. leucocytes, platelets, and serum have been studied. Blister fluid collected 7 hours after cantharidin application contained mainly LDH5 with some LDH4. LDH2 and LDH3 also appeared in blister fluid collected 12 hours or longer after application of cantharidin. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that LDH in cantharidin-produced blisters is derived initially from epidermis and is later augmented from leucocytes or platelets.
Strain gauges for superconducting magnet testing

Abstract A survey of commercially available strain gauges potentially suitable for testing of superconducting magnets is presented. Strain measurement errors caused by magnetic fields and temperature changes are discussed. Previously unpublished data for the magnetic field induced error for weldable half-bridge strain gauges are given, along with the results of a test for the temperature dependence of the magnetorestistance of modified Karma alloy foil gauges in the liquid helium temperature range. Apparent strain-vs-temperature curves for the weldable half-bridge gauges and metal foil gauges are shown. Errors caused by magnetic fields are in general repeatable from gauge to gauge, whereas errors due to temperature effects exhibit considerable variation from gauge to gauge in a lot of nominally identical gauges.
ZERO ENERGY GAUGE FIELDS AND THE PHASES OF A GAUGE THEORY

A new approach to the definition of the phases of a Poincare invariant gauge theory is developed. It is based on the role of gauge transformations that change the asymptotic value of the gauge fields from zero to a constant. In the context of theories without Higgs fields, this symmetry can be spontaneously broken when the gauge fields are massless particles, explicitly broken when the gauge fields develop a mass. Finally, the vacuum can be invariant under this transformation, this last case can be achieved when the theory has a violent infrared behavior, which in some theories can be connected to a confinement mechanism.
Experimental evidence of a phenomenon of fast randomization in a collisionless plasma

This paper describes a phenomenon of fast randomization of a collisionless plasma observed in the so called “plasma sac” of a constricted discharge. The phenomenon seems to be related to the achievement, in the constriction, of a critical Mach number, close to unity, in the drifting electron gas. A tentative interpretation and the experimental evidence of electro-acoustic waves related to the phenomenon are also presented.
Bidirectional effects of reinforcement shifts on pituitary adrenal activity.

Abstract Male Long-Evans rats were trained to lever press for water on CRF and VI-12 (Experiment 1) or FR-20 (Experiment 2) schedules, and plasma corticosterone concentrations were determined after various reinforcement shifts, with the following results: (a) extinction from CRF, VI-12 and FR-20, as well as a shift from FR-20 to FR-40, produced equivalent significant increases in plasma corticosterone compared with presession levels; (b) shifts from VI-12 or FR-20 to CRF were accompanied by significant decreases in plasma corticosterone; and (c) following normal sessions of CRF, VI-12 or FR-20, and following a shift from FR-20 to FR-10, plasma corticosterone concentrations were not significantly different from presession levels. These results reveal two opposing effects on the pituitary adrenal system of shifts in amount of reward from that expected: a frustration effect-an increase in pituitary adrenal activity as a result of a sudden decrease in frequency of reward, and an elation effect-a decrease in pituitary adrenal activity produced by a sudden increase in reward frequency.
On radar detection of chirp signals with nondeterministic parameters in challenging noise background

Chirp signals arise in many applications of signal processing. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting chirp signals that are encountered in a bistatic radar which we are developing for remote sensing of cosmic ray induced air showers. The received echoes from the air showers are wideband (several megahertz) and characterized by very short sweep periods (few microseconds). Furthermore, their corresponding parameters are variable within some expected ranges, which makes our detection problem a challenging one. The primary focus of this research is to address these challenges and find an optimized detection approach under the existing receiver environment which contains different spurious noises and non-stationary sources. We propose a detection algorithm based on Hough transform for detecting our radar received echoes and we compare the resulting performance to the conventional likelihood-ratio test (LRT) detector. In this context, detection performance is evaluated based on real experimental data.