cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diaspora Philanthropy in an At-Risk Society: The Case of Coptic Orphans in Egypt:

This article seeks to answer two questions: How can the potential gains from diaspora philanthropy be extended beyond individual households and sustained beyond one generation? And how can these gains be mobilized for poverty alleviation, justice, and development, especially in at-risk countries? Following reviews of potential diaspora contributions and the parameters of at-risk societies, the case of Coptic Orphans is presented. Coptic Orphans provides a model for channeling remittances to meet the subsistence and development needs of the poorest of the poor and sustaining these contributions beyond the first generation. It illustrates how diaspora organizations can effectively navigate the social and legal challenges of operating in an at-risk society. Finally, it suggests that diaspora organizations may increasingly overcome voluntary failures to become a significant sector in the international development arena.
Rule and Meaning in the Teaching of Grammar

While the construct of rule as a manipulation of purely formal properties of language has been widely abandoned in both formal and functional linguistics, it persists, though with diminished importance, in the field of second language acquisition. This is true even in form-focused instruction, including focus-on-form, which emphasizes meaning as both classroom focus and element of language structure. This paper illustrates the meaningfulness of grammar, even where treatment has often appealed to such rules; identifies areas of overlap between what is identified by the term rule and what is identified by the terms meaning (semantics) and form (morphology); and points out the lack of descriptive adequacy of some familiar rules. The author offers research- and practice-based recommendations for pursuing a fully meaning-based communicative approach to teaching grammar even while suitable and comprehensive resource materials for such methods in language education are lacking.
Poor oral health as an obstacle to employment for Medicaid beneficiaries with disabilities.

Objectives: To inform policy with better information about the oral health-care needs of a Medicaid population that engages in employment, that is, people ages 16 to 64 with Social Security-determined disabilities enrolled in a Medicaid Buy-In program. Methods: Statistically test for significant differences among responses to a Medicaid Buy-In program satisfaction survey that included oral health questions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) to results for the state's general population and the US general population. Results: All measures of dental care access and oral health were significantly worse for the study population as compared with a state general population or a US general population. Differences were particularly pronounced for the OHIP measure for difficulty doing one's job due to dental problems, which was almost five times higher for the study population. Conclusions: More comprehensive dental benefits for the study population could result in increased oral and overall health, and eventual cost savings to Medicaid as more people work, have improved health, and pay premiums for coverage.
The effects of rate sensitivity and plastic potential surface curvature on plastic flow localization in porous solids

Plastic flow localization in porous elastic-viscoplastic solids is analyzed with an emphasis on the effects of material rate sensitivity and plastic potential surface curvature. The effect of rate sensitivity is included in a material model that accounts for a change of yield surface curvature in a rate-insensitive porous ductile solid. Shear band formation under plane strain and axisymmetric tension, and localized necking in biaxially stretched sheets are analyzed by using the present material model. The results illustrate the interactions of the effects of void nucleation and growth, material rate sensitivity and plastic potential surface curvature on plastic flow localization. The effects of nonproportional straining paths on localized necking in thin sheets are also demonstrated.
Differential Relationships Between Childhood and Adolescent Sexual Victimization and Cognitive-Affective Sexual Appraisals

Objective: The aim of the current study is to examine the potential differential relationships between sexual victimization occurring in different developmental stages (i.e., in childhood, adolescence, or both stages) and cognitive–affective sexual appraisals (i.e., sexual self-schemas, sexual self-esteem, and erotophobia–erotophilia). Method: The sample included 710 college women who completed surveys for course credit. Results: Results indicated that a history of childhood sexual abuse was uniquely related to lower control sexual self-esteem, whereas history of adolescent sexual assault was uniquely related to greater erotophilia and more positive romantic/passionate sexual self-schema, yet lower control, attractiveness, and moral/judgment sexual self-esteem. However, an experience of both childhood sexual abuse and adolescent sexual abuse was not significantly related to any cognitive–affective sexual appraisals. Childhood psychological abuse was also uniquely related to more open/direct sexual self-schema and greater erotophilia, yet lower attractiveness sexual self-esteem. Conclusions: Results suggest that identification of the developmental stage during which sexual abuse is experienced is an important variable to assess for in relation to affective components of sexuality and may have implications for treatment of sexual assault survivors. For example, women with a history of adolescent sexual assault may benefit from acceptance-based techniques focusing on core dimensions of self-esteem related to their sexuality.
Microstructure development of sol-gel derived epitaxial LiNbO3 thin films

Film growth and microstructural evolution were investigated for sol-gel derived LiNbO3 thin films deposited on lattice-matched single-crystal substrates. Epitaxial LiNbO3 films of about 100 nm nominal thickness were prepared by spin coating a solution of the lithium niobium ethoxide on sapphire (0001) substrates and annealing at 400 °C or 700 °C in a humidified oxygen atmosphere. These films exhibited an epitaxial relationship with the substrate of the type LiNbO3 (0001) || α-Al2O3 (0001) and LiNbO3 [100] || α-Al2O3 [100] as determined by x-ray pole figure analysis. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the epitaxial films annealed at 400 °C consisted of slightly misoriented ∼5 nm subgrains and of numerous ∼10 nm enclosed pores. The microstructure and orientation development of these films was consistent with a heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth mechanism, in which epitaxial nuclei form at the substrate surface and grow upward into an amorphous and porous intermediate film: Epitaxial films annealed at 700 °C contained larger 150-200 nm subgrains and pinholes. Misorientations between adjacent subgrains appeared to be significantly smaller in films annealed at 700 °C than those in films annealed at 400 °C. Hydrolysis of the alkoxide precursor solution prior to spin coating promoted the development of polycrystalline films on single-crystal sapphire substrates. Infrared spectra and thermal analysis indicated that, independent of the degree of the solution hydrolysis, nucleation of LiNbO3 was immediately preceded by decomposition of an amorphous carbonate intermediate phase.
Red cell damage in flexible leaflet heart valves

A pyrolytic carbon (rigid) bileaflet mechanical valve and an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMPE-flexible) tilting disc valve were used in the study in an in vitro pulsatile flow loop. Fresh bovine blood was used as the blood analog fluid and plasma free hemoglobin (PFHg: a measure of hemolysis) measured at 15 min intervals, normalized to magnitude at the start of the experiment was used as an index for blood damage. The negative pressure transients in the atrial side of the chamber were also measured. The mean and standard deviations of eight valves in each category were computed. The blood losses as well. As the negative pressure transients with the flexible leaflet valve were significantly lower compared to the rigid leaflet valve. The flexibility of the leaflet, and the reduction in water hammer effect at the instant of valve closure results in reduced damage to blood cells and may be an important factor in mechanical valve design.
PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY SEIZURES

In the United States, epilepsy affects approximately 0.6 percent of the population (1.6 million persons) and has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 3 percent (and will thus affect 7.2 million persons).1 For the majority of patients, epileptic seizures are controlled with a single antiepileptic drug, which may be withdrawn when the patient has been without seizures for two years.2 Some patients, however, do not become completely free of seizures even though they comply scrupulously with the prescribed regimen. Aside from having deleterious effects on health, persistent epileptic seizures have psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive consequences and often impose a financial burden. . . .
Microprocessor-based reclosing to coordinate fuse and recloser in a system with high penetration of distributed generation

Coordination between reclosing devices (recloser) and fuse has been traditionally done in radial power distribution systems. With increasing penetration of distributed generation, the system loses its radial nature and this coordination may not hold. This paper identifies this problem using illustrative coordination graphs. An actual system is then analyzed to find out new performance requirements from the recloser to be able to coordinate with the fuse in the new system configuration. It is shown that traditional reclosers are unable to meet these requirements. It is further shown that microprocessor-based reclosers are fully competent to meet all requirements. As an example, one such actual recloser is used to successfully coordinate with a fuse under worst possible fault conditions. A method to choose recloser curves to achieve coordination is also stated. Finally, the system is simulated on PSCAD/EMTDC/sup (R)/ software and it is proved that the recloser curves chosen in the analysis holds perfectly well in operation.
Thin-film ferroelectrics of PZT of sol-gel processing

The ferroelectric effect has been demonstrated for sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (53/47) thin films. The respective values of coercive field and remanent polarization were 4*10/sup 6/ V/m and 0.36 C/m/sup 2/. The thin-film fabrication process is simple and compatible with Si planar technology, and offers a wide variety of potential uses for counting, memory, and integrated optical circuit applications. >
Stability of vitamin C in frozen raw fruit and vegetable homogenates

Abstract Retention of vitamin C in homogenized raw fruits and vegetables stored under routine conditions prior to analysis was investigated. Raw collard greens (Brassica oleracea var. viridis), clementines (Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) were chosen, being representative of foods to be sampled in USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), and having different expected stability of ascorbic acid (AA). Samples were homogenized in liquid nitrogen, assayed immediately, then stored at −60 °C and analyzed at time points up to 49 weeks. Vitamin C (as total AA after reduction of dehydroascorbic acid) was analyzed using a validated method with quantitation by HPLC/ultraviolet detection. An orange juice control sample was included in each run. Vitamin C concentrations were stable in clementines and the orange juice, but decreased in collards and potatoes [16.8 and 10.9 mg/100 g (14.7% and 30.4%), respectively, after 49 weeks]. Significant losses had occurred after 12 weeks. These results suggest similar matrices must receive careful attention to sample handling protocols before analysis or AA values may not reflect the concentration in the food as consumed. The control sample was critical to allowing assessment of storage effects independent of analytical variability. Fruits and vegetables for the NFNAP will be analyzed without storage until a practical stabilization protocol is validated.
Optical absorption of perdeuterated PMMA and influence of water

Coefficient d'absorption de PMMA-d 8 a plusieurs longueurs d'onde laser d'ion krypton et discussion de l'effet dramatique de l'eau sur le spectre d'attenuation totale
The Social Functioning Of Children With ADD With Hyperactivity And ADD Without Hyperactivity A Comparison Of Their Peer Relations And Social Deficits

Among the anticipated changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders draft for the 4th edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) is a revision of the Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) category, including a reintroduction of the concept of the DSM-III Attention-deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity (ADD/WO) designation. This change will refocus clinicians' attention to evaluating the similarities and differences between ADHD subtypes, particularly as they affect assessment and treatment issues. Because of the importance of peer relations to children's functioning and because prior research has suggested that children with Attention-deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADD/H) and children with ADD/WO differ in their social behaviors, the nature of the social deficits displayed by the ADHD subtypes warrants particular attention. The purposes of this article are to critically evaluate the groups' differences in social functioning within a model of social sk...
A small scintimammography detector based on a 5" PSPMT and a crystal scintillator array

The authors have been developing an application specific scintimammography gamma imaging detector based on a 5" diameter Hamamatsu R3292 position sensitive PMT. They have tested this PSPMT coupled two three different scintillating crystal arrays: YAP, CsI(Na) and NaI(Tl). Their results indicate that CsI(Na) is the best choice. In addition they have made measurements with the CsI(Na) array on a human torso phantom. The studies were directed toward development of optimized performance for imaging small lesions in the breast. Camera positioning during imaging and scatter rejection were investigated to arrive at a gamma imager and patient positioning scheme best suited for future patient studies.
Developments in the systemic therapy of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States of America. Progress in the treatment of this disease in the past several decades has been very modest. Several new agents with activity against pancreatic cancer have been identified. Of these, gemcitabine is the most promising agent when used in combination with other drugs. Pilot phase II studies combining gemcitabine with 5-flourouracil, irinotecan, docetaxel, or cisplatin show improved outcomes in objective response rates and survival that need to be confirmed in larger randomized studies. Advancement in the understanding of the molecular biology of neoplasia in recent years has helped identify several molecular targets for future new drug development in pancreatic cancer. Assessment of response to therapy of pancreatic cancer has been a difficult challenge. Functional imaging with techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) may yield a more precise and timely objective evaluation of response to treatment.
Practical guidelines for nutritional management of burn injury and recovery

Nutrition practice in burn injury requires a multifaceted approach aimed at providing metabolic support during a heightened inflammatory state, while accommodating surgical and medical needs of the patient. Nutritional assessment and determination of nutrient requirements is challenging, particularly given the metabolic disarray that frequently accompanies inflammation. Nutritional therapy requires careful decision making, regard- ing the safe use of enteral or parenteral nutrition and the aggressiveness of nutrient delivery given the severity of the patient's illness and response to treatment. With the discovery that specific nutrients can actually alter the course of disease, the role of nutrition support in critical illness has shifted from one of preventing malnutrition to one of disease modulation. Today the use of glutamine, arginine, essential fatty acids, and other nutritional factors for their effects on immunity and cell regulation is becoming more common, although the evidence is often lagging. An exciting dichotomy exits, forcing nutrition support specialists to make responsible choices while remaining open to new potential helpful therapeutic options.
Fluctuation conductivity above the peierls transition

Abstract Reasons are given why the calculation by Strassler and Toombs of the phonon drag contribution to the electrical conductivity above the Peierls transition temperature is wrong.
Effective permittivity of artificial material composed of metal particles — A generalized picture

A generalized formulism has been derived from an equivalent circuit model for describing the effective permittivity of an artificial material composed of dumbbell-shaped metal particles embedded periodically in a host dielectric medium. Theoretical value of effective permittivity compare well with numerical results obtained from HFSS simulation. The work shows that artificial material can achieve high material constant by controlling the size and shape of its constituent particles, a fact verified by the simulation. The simulation also shows that the proposed material has a cut off frequency, below which the material is transparent, that depends mainly on the particle gaps. In its special case, the generalized model reduces to Pendry's model for thin wire medium.
Shear wave reflectivity, anisotropies, Poisson's ratios, and densities of a southern Appalachian Paleozoic sedimentary sequence

Abstract The physical properties of a sequence of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks have been examined in detail, with an emphasis on laboratory measurements of density, shear wave velocity, shear wave splitting, and Vp/Vs ratios. Seismic properties of 147 cores from 49 rock samples collected from the Thorn Hill sedimentary sequence of eastern Tennessee are examined in terms of implications for future seismic studies in the southern Appalachians. The shear wave velocities of these rocks are strongly influenced by the relatively high shear wave velocity of quartz. Shear wave velocity anisotropy is present in most of the lithologic groups; it is highest in the shales while being almost insignificant in the dolostones. The related phenomenon of shear wave splitting occurs to some degree in all of the lithologies studied and at high pressures originates from mineral orientation. Splitting, due to preferred mineral orientation, is most prominent in the shales, but also is significant in some of the carbonates. Compressional to shear velocity (Vp/Vs) ratios of approximately 1.82 (dolostones) and 1.95 (limestones) effectively characterize the carbonates while other lithologies display wider ranges of Vp/Vs, primarily due to the influence of accessory minerals such as quartz. Densities of the sample suite range from 2.34 g/cm3 (shale) to 2.86 g/cm3 (dolostone). Using average data for each lithologic group to calculate normal-incidence reflection coefficients, significant differences in the shear and compressional reflectivity of hypothetical interfaces are found. Normal-incidence shear and compressional wave synthetic seismograms approximating the subsurface reflectivity of the entire Thorn Hill section indicate that three zones of high amplitude reflections would be seen on reflection records obtained over this 3327-m-thick sequence. Overall, the shear and compressional synthetics are similar in appearance. Differences are seen at some interfaces in the Mississippian-Devonian interval, which are more reflective to shear waves, and in the Ordovician Martinsburg Formation, which appears more reflective to compressional waves.
Ordered vector quantization for neural network pattern classification

The accurate classification of time sequences of vectors is a common goal in signal processing. Vector quantization (VQ) has commonly been used to help encode vectors for subsequent classification. The authors depart from this past approach proposing the use of VQ codebook indices, as opposed to codebook vectors. It is shown that one-dimensional ordering of these indices markedly improves the neural-network-based classification accuracy of acoustic time-frequency patterns. The needs for and extensions of multidimensional codebook indices are described. >
A User-Oriented Approach To Data Modeling: A Blueprint For Generating Financial Statements And Other Accounting-Related Documents And Reports

In contrast to traditional and innovative data models in the database design process, such as the Entity-Relationship (E-R) and Resource Event Agent Location (REAL) models, respectively, a user-oriented approach to the data modeling of a relational database to satisfy users’ information needs is presented. Although relational database management systems (RDBMS) are powerful for organizing, manipulating, and retrieving data, they are inadequate if the needed data elements are not captured and included, required relationships are not identified and implemented, or incorrect relationships are identified in the data model because the needs of information users were neglected or identified incorrectly during the data modeling. Using the case of an accounting information system (AIS) for a simple merchandising enterprise, this paper illustrates how user information needs can be met when a user-oriented approach is followed in the data modeling. Specifically, it provides a blueprint for generating financial statements and other accounting-related documents and reports from a relational database that utilizes user perspectives.
CD8 T-Cell Expansion and Inflammation Linked to CMV Coinfection in ART-treated HIV Infection

Author(s): Freeman, Michael L; Mudd, Joseph C; Shive, Carey L; Younes, Souheil-Antoine; Panigrahi, Soumya; Sieg, Scott F; Lee, Sulggi A; Hunt, Peter W; Calabrese, Leonard H; Gianella, Sara; Rodriguez, Benigno; Lederman, Michael M | Abstract: BackgroundPersistent CD8 T-cell expansion, low CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios, and heightened inflammation persist in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are associated with increased risk of morbid outcomes. We explored the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in CD8 lymphocytosis and inflammation in ART-treated HIV infection.MethodsAbsolute CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts were abstracted from clinical records and compared among 32 HIV-infected CMV-seronegative subjects, 126 age, CD4 and gender-matched HIV-infected CMV-seropositive subjects, and among 21 HIV-uninfected controls (9 CMV-negative, 12 CMV-positive). Plasma inflammatory indices were measured in a subset by ELISA.ResultsMedian CD8 counts/µL were higher in HIV-positive/CMV-positive patients (795) than in HIV-positive/CMV-negative subjects (522, P = .006) or in healthy controls (451, P = .0007), whereas CD8 T-cell counts were similar to controls' levels in HIV-positive/CMV-negative subjects. Higher plasma levels of IP-10 (P = .0011), TNF-RII (P = .0002), and D-dimer (P = .0444) were also found in coinfected patients than in HIV-positive/CMV-negative subjects.ConclusionsCMV infection is associated with higher CD8 T-cell counts, resultant lower CD4/CD8 ratios, and increased systemic inflammation in ART-treated HIV infection. CMV infection may contribute to risk for morbid outcomes in treated HIV infection.
Immunohistochemical localization of PGF2α receptor in the rat ovary

Abstract As a step towards understanding the role of prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) in ovarian function, a rabbit antiserum against purified PGF 2α receptor (PGF 2α -R) was produced. This report details the use of this antiserum in immunohistochemical staining of ovaries of non-pregnant and pregnant rats to ascertain which cell types, in vivo, possess PGF 2α -R. In non-pregnant rats, three ovarian cell subpopulations contain immunoreactive PGF 2α -R. These include: a subpopulation of the cells found in corpora lutea, a subpopulation of the thecal cells surrounding secondary and mature (Graafian) follicles, and a subpopulation of primary and secondary interstitial cells. The ovarian tissues and cell types in which immunoreactive PGF 2α -R cannot be demonstrated include: the serosa overlying the ovary and its vessels, the coelomic epithelium and its underlying cortical stroma, medullary stroma and vessels, granulosa cells of primary, secondary and mature follicles, the oocyte, and the blood vessels and stroma within corpora lutea. PGF 2α -R immunohistochemical staining of corpora lutea from non-pregnant animals was examined both prior to the start of luteolysis and during luteolysis. During luteolysis, cells undergoing apoptosis stained for the presence of PGF 2α -R. PGF 2α -R immunohistochemical staining was also examined in corpora lutea during pregnancy and until 4 days postpartum. The major findings here were the apparent large increase in staining intensity of granulosa-lutein cells during pregnancy, and the loss of PGF 2α -R immunopositivity of the granulosa-lutein cells during the postpartum period. In summary, three ovarian cell subpopulations, all of which can secrete steroids, possess immunoreactive PGF 2α -R.
The Use of Anti-Histaminic Drugs for Local Anesthesia for Gastroscopy

Summary 1.The antihistaminics drugs have produced an excellent anesthesia in the pharynx of patients undergoing gastroscopic examination. 2.No toxic or untoward effects have been observed in 42 patients.
Fluctuating water depths affect American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) body condition in the Everglades, Florida, USA

Abstract Successful restoration of wetland ecosystems requires knowledge of wetland hydrologic patterns and an understanding of how those patterns affect wetland plant and animal populations. Within the Everglades, Florida, USA restoration, an applied science strategy including conceptual ecological models linking drivers to indicators is being used to organize current scientific understanding to support restoration efforts. A key driver of the ecosystem affecting the distribution and abundance of organisms is the timing, distribution, and volume of water flows that result in water depth patterns across the landscape. American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ) are one of the ecological indicators being used to assess Everglades restoration because they are a keystone species and integrate biological impacts of hydrological operations through all life stages. Alligator body condition (the relative fatness of an animal) is one of the metrics being used and targets have been set to allow us to track progress. We examined trends in alligator body condition using Fulton's K over a 15 year period (2000–2014) at seven different wetland areas within the Everglades ecosystem, assessed patterns and trends relative to restoration targets, and related those trends to hydrologic variables. We developed a series of 17 a priori hypotheses that we tested with an information theoretic approach to identify which hydrologic factors affect alligator body condition. Alligator body condition was highest throughout the Everglades during the early 2000s and is approximately 5–10% lower now (2014). Values have varied by year, area, and hydrology. Body condition was positively correlated with range in water depth and fall water depth. Our top model was the “Current” model and included variables that describe current year hydrology (spring depth, fall depth, hydroperiod, range, interaction of range and fall depth, interaction of range and hydroperiod). Across all models, interaction between range and fall water depth was the most important variable (relative weight of 1.0) followed by spring and fall water depths (0.99), range (0.96), hydroperiod (0.95) and interaction between range and hydroperiod (0.95). Our work provides additional evidence that restoring a greater range in annual water depths is important for improvement of alligator body condition and ecosystem function. This information can be incorporated into both planning and operations to assist in reaching Everglades restoration goals.
A Highly Chemoselective Cobalt Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Alkenes using Tertiary Silanes and Hydrosiloxanes

The hydrosilylation of alkene substrates bearing additional functionalities is difficult to achieve using earth-abundant catalysts and has not been extensively realized with both earth-abundant transition metals and tertiary silanes or hydrosiloxanes. Reported herein is a well-defined bis(carbene) cobalt(I)-dinitrogen complex for the efficient, catalytic anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes, featuring a broad substrate scope. Alkenes containing hydroxyl, amino, ester, epoxide, ketone, formyl, and nitrile groups are selectively hydrosilylated in this reaction sequence. Multinuclear NMR studies of reactive intermediates gave insights into the mechanism.
Development and Regeneration of the Corticospinal Tract

Corticospinal tract(CST) is the major descending motor tract in spinal cord,injury of this tract is tightly associated with clinical spastic paralysis.Neurons of CST originate from layer ⅴ of cerebral cortex.During developmental process,axons exuberate and then eliminate.Developmental schedule of CST axons is different between varied species.Some factors,such as GAP-43,CNTF,GDNF play important roles in developmental process.Regeneration of CST is very difficult when it′s injured because there are some inhibitory factors in the surrounding microenvironment.At present,most of studies on repair and regeneration of CST focus on transplantation of nerve or cell and application of neurotrophic factors and antibodies.
"Trust Me, I Do Not Know What I Am Talking About!": The Voice of the Teacher beyond the Oath and Blasphemy.

AbstractEducational theorists ranging from Ivan Illich to Jan Masschelein and Maarten Simons have described institutionalized schooling as a modernized, secular church, full of rituals, sacraments, and various incantations. For them, the function of the teacher as priest and schooling as baptism is highly problematic, separating education from the common world. As such, the educational theology of the school needs to be suspended in order for educational life to take on new meaning beyond the sacraments of learning. To further this line of inquiry, we turn to the work of Giorgio Agamben on the oath and its originary function of guaranteeing the truthfulness of language (‘sacrament of language’). Insofar as the oath is also operable in learning (in the voice of the teacher), we argue that such operability can be suspended through a dialogic practice called ‘community of infancy’, thereby making possible new, profane forms of educational life beyond baptism.
Differential measurements of dielectron and direct virtual photon productions at STAR

Abstract Dileptons and photons have been serving as penetrating probes in heavy-ion collisions for quite a long time since the strongly interacting matter predicted by QCD theory. We present the mid-rapidity dielectron results in 0-80% Au+Au collisions at s N N = 19.6 , 39 , 62.4 , and 200 GeV, and the direct virtual photon results in 0-80% Au+Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV at STAR. The excess yields of dielectron with respect to hadronic sources at low mass range are presented, which are consistently described by a broadened ρ spectral function plus thermal radiations. Furthermore, the direct virtual photon yield has been measured and found it is consistent with a model that includes thermal radiation and initial hard parton scattering.
Models of Change

This chapter introduces some of the key concepts underlying foresight, and provides a brief overview on methods. These concepts and methods permeate the curriculum and will reappear throughout the text. They are important enough to merit a separate treatment.
Unipolar infrared detectors based on InGaAs/InAsSb ternary superlattices

Growth and characteristics of mid-wave infrared (MWIR) InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattice (SLS) detectors are reported. InGaAs/InAsSb SLSs, identified as ternary SLSs, not only provide an extra degree of freedom for superlattice strain compensation but also show enhanced absorption properties compared to InAs/InAsSb SLSs. Utilizing In1-yGayAs/InAs0.65Sb0.35 ternary SLSs (y = 0, 5, 10, and 20%) designed to have the same bandgap, a set of four unipolar detectors are investigated. These demonstrate an enhancement in the detector quantum efficiency due to the increased absorption coefficient. The detectors exhibit dark current performance within a factor of 10 of Rule 07 at temperatures above 120 K, and external quantum efficiencies in the 15%–25% range. This work demonstrates ternary SLSs are a potential absorber material for future high performance MWIR detectors.
Survey of Living Primates

This chapter reviews the survey of living primates—Anthropoidea, Scandentia, and Prosimii. One of the most recent discoveries and descriptions of new anthropoid species is that of Macaca munzala from northern India and Rungwecebus kipunji from Tanzania. Genus Macaca is the most common and geographically widespread of all primate genera. Macaques are adapted to a great variety of environments, and some inhabit areas with occasional snowfall and frost. Others live on seashores and go swimming in the surf. Macaques thrive in tropical rainforests; they hide in rocky, mountainous areas, and invade villages, cities, and temple districts where they easily adjust to more civilized environments. Macaque body lengths range between 34 and 70 cm, and the tails of different species show various degrees of reduction from long-tailed forms. Tail length differs not only between but also within species. Limbs are close to each other in length with forelimbs averaging about 90% of the length of hind limbs: the intermembral indices vary between 85 and 95. Those macaques that live in cold environments have long, dense fur. Considerable sexual dimorphism of body size is evident in all macaque species.
Soviet Communications Policy

This chapter examines how the Soviet press functioned in the pre-Gorbachev period and explores its effectiveness in implementing the tasks prescribed to it by the Communist Party. The primary focus will be Soviet communications policy, or the means through which the Soviet party/state exerted control over the press and its contents. Particular attention is devoted to international journalism, the focus of the empirical study.
Effects of targeting moiety, bifunctional chelator and molecular charge on biological properties of 64Cu-labeled triphenylphosphonium cations

1337 Objectives: To represent six new 64Cu-labeled tripenylphosphonium (TPP) complexes as a new class of PET radiotracers that are sensitive to the enhanced mitochondrial potentials in tumors. Methods: Biodistribution studies were performed using the athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous U87MG human glioma xenografts. Metabolism studies were carried out using normal nude mice to determine the metabolic stability of complexes. Results: Among six 64Cu-labeled TPP complexes, we found that 64Cu(DO3A-bu-TPP) (DO3A-bu-TPP = triphenyl(4-((4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl)methyl)-4-butyl)phosphonium), 64Cu(DO2A-xy-TPP)+ (DO2A-xy-TPP = (4-((4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl)methyl)benzyl)triphenylphosphonium, and 64Cu(DO3A-PEG2-TPP) (DO3A-PEG2-TPP = = triphenyl(2-(2-(2-(4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)phosphonium) have the tumor uptake comparable to that of 99mTc-sestamibi, but their tumor/background rations are better than those of 99mTc-sestamibi. We also found that addition of methoxy groups on TPP cation improves the clearance from the liver and lungs, but it also results in a significant washout from the tumor. Replacing xylene with the butylene linker results in a significant reduction of the tumor uptake, but the tumor/heart and tumor/lung ratios remained relatively unchanged. Substitution of DO3A with NOTA-Bn has significant adverse effect on tumor uptake of the 64Cu radiotracer. Addition of extra xy-TPP moiety resulted in its dicationic character, high lipophilicity, higher liver uptake and lower tumor uptake. Conclusions: Considering both tumor uptake and tumor/liver ratios, 64Cu(DO2A-xy-TPP)+ is the best candidate for more extensive evaluations in different tumor-bearing animal models.
Operative Treatment of Rib Fractures in Flail Chest Injuries: A Meta-analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objectives:Flail chest is a common injury sustained by patients who experience high-energy blunt chest trauma and results in severe respiratory compromise because of altered mechanics of respiration. There has been increased interest in operative fixation of these injuries with the intention of rest
High Tibial Osteotomy following Biologic Replacement of the Knee.

Biologic unicondylar replacement with fresh osteoarticular allografts of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau plus a meniscus transplant provides an option for young or active patients with severe articular cartilage loss. The timing of osteotomy procedures to correct malalignment either before, concurrent, or after allograft implantation has become an area of research interest. Concurrent osteotomies and allograft transplantation have become increasingly popular due to the decreased patient morbidity from multiple surgeries that require a period of toe-touch weight bearing (TTWB) postoperatively. We discuss here our techniques for correcting malalignment, which concurrently repair major bipolar knee lesions while transplanting the meniscus. We prefer to perform a simultaneous biologic unicondylar replacement with an osteotomy, if needed. Weight bearing alignment radiographs should be obtained 6 weeks following surgery to confirm the intraoperative findings that were obtained using fluoroscopy and the alignment rod. If malalignment persists and the biologic grafts are overloaded, a staged osteotomy should be performed as soon as possible.
Dental-Related Use of Hospital Emergency Departments by Hispanics and Non-Hispanics in Florida

Objectives. To examine differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Florida in the dental-related use of hospital emergency departments (EDs).Methods. We used ambulatory ED discharge records from 2013 to 2015 to compute rates of ED visits for dental complaints per 10 000 population, by region, age, gender, and the percentage distribution visits by primary payer, day of the week, and hour of arrival.Results. There were 64 100 ED visits for dental complaints by Hispanics and 425 162 by non-Hispanics. Medicaid was the most common primary payer for Hispanics (42.2%) and for non-Hispanics (38.1%). Rates of ED utilization for dental problems per 10 000 population were 45.5 for Hispanics and 95.2 for non-Hispanics.Conclusions. Rates of ED utilization for dental problems were different between Hispanics and non-Hispanics.Public Health Implications. Effective interventions need to be developed in the context of a social–ecological model to better understand factors such as health, economics, and education, a...
Leukemias and lymphomas associated with the use of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs.

The hematologist is intimately connected with the care of patients undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive or cancer chemotherapeutic agents, many of which have profound effects upon the bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, and the circulating blood. Most changes, such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia are usually reversible when treatment is stopped. However, sometimes progressive myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders may occur. In this report we shall be concerned mainly with the development of lymphomas in organ transplant recipients and leukemias in patients treated with cancer chemotherapy.
Thermal Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction of Benzocyclobutenones with Isatins To Form 2-Oxindole Spirolactones.

Benzocyclobutenones 1a–1g undergo cycloreversion at 150 °C in m-xylene solvent to form transient α-oxo-ortho-quinodimethanes or “ortho-quinoid ketene methides”, which engage in intermolecular [4+2] cycloadditions with isatins 2a–2f to form 2-oxindole spirolactones 3a–3l. This process tolerates an array of different functional groups and substitution patterns, and is applicable to unprotected isatins 2b–2f bearing free NH-functionalities. The superior performance of isatins compared to other carbonyl based dienophiles was demonstrated and rationalized with the aid of quantum chemical calculations.
The Value of Flexibility in the Design of Hybrid Energy Systems: A Real Options Analysis

In this paper, the impact of incorporating flexibility in the design of hybrid energy systems (HES) is considered. Flexibility is introduced by considering the option to upgrade or reconfigure HES configurations at some point in the future in response to economic and technological changes that are initially unknown and uncertain. Such flexibility has been studied previously in real options analysis. We first investigate the impact of flexibility on the most preferred design alternative and its value. Simply considering the option to upgrade or reconfigure the system affects the design choice. The most preferred design alternative for a flexible system will often sacrifice some initial technical or economic performance to better take advantage of a future option. For the HES case study, the most preferred flexible design alternative is more valuable than the most preferred inflexible alternative. In other words, flexibility adds value as is reflected in an increase of the expected utility of the net present value. Second, we investigate the impact of the size of the uncertainty on the option value. Unexpectedly, for the HES case study considered here, increasing uncertainty does not strongly affect the value of flexibility. Furthermore, investigation is necessary to determine whether this relationship holds more generally or is specific to this case study.
PERCUTANEOUS PERIPHERAL CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS FOR TRANSFEMORAL TAVR PATIENTS WITH SEVERELY DEPRESSED EJECTION FRACTION WITHOUT GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Patients with severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤30%) are at increased risk of hemodynamic compromise during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support to provide stability during valve positioning and deployment is well
Anal Cancer Prevention Perspectives Among Foreign-Born Latino HIV-Infected Gay and Bisexual Men

This study explores understanding of primary and secondary prevention of anal cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected foreign-born Latino gay and bisexual men (GBM). Between August 2015 and December 2016, researchers conducted 33 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with HIV-infected foreign-born Latino GBM. Interview questions sought to determine participants' knowledge and perceived barriers and facilitators to primary and secondary prevention of anal cancer. Researchers analyzed interview transcripts using a qualitative content analysis approach. For primary prevention, men reported a lack of knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However, for secondary prevention, roughly 60% of participants had previously screened for anal dysplasia via anal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. However, participants reported willingness to screen, and provider recommendation was the most common screening facilitator. Men reported stigma related to their HIV status, sexual orientation, and anal Pap smear procedures as anal cancer screening barriers. Participants reported willingness to use a self-screening anal Pap smear test if it was commercially available. Health providers continue to be the leading source of health information. Therefore, provider recommendation for HPV vaccination and anal cancer screening among age-eligible foreign-born Latino HIV-infected GBM is critical. More work is needed to destigmatize HIV and sexual orientation to influence positive health behaviors among this population. Future intervention research could test the effects of provider-led interventions and also media campaigns aimed at influencing HPV vaccine uptake and anal cancer screening among this population.
Alcohol Metabolism and Its Implications for Cancer

As described in Chap. 1, alcohol has been classified as carcinogenic to humans at several sites in the body by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Secretan et al. 2009). These include the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT), liver, colon/rectum, and female breast. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for these multiple carcinogenic effects (Zakhari 2006). In this chapter, we discuss some of the diverse mechanisms involving alcohol metabolism or alcohol-induced changes in metabolic pathways (Fig. 4.1) that may lead to cancer. These include formation of acetaldehyde, changes in the NADH/NAD+ ratio, increases in oxidative stress, induction of cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), procarcinogen activation, changes in folate and methionine metabolism, and effects on retinoid metabolism.
Estimation of Thruster Configurations for Reconfigurable Modular Underwater Robots

We present an algorithm for estimating thruster configurations of underwater vehicles with reconfigurable thrusters. The algorithm estimates each thruster’s effect on the vehicle’s attitude and position. The estimated parameters are used to maintain the robot’s attitude and position.
Imaging After Vitreoretinal Surgery

The retina is the complex neurosensory tissue of the eye and comprises several main layers, including Bruch’s membrane, retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor layer, external limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, and inner limiting membrane at the vitreoretinal interface. Retinal detachment consists of separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium. There are three types of retinal detachment: rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative. Treatment for retinal detachment depends on the particular type of detachment. Exudative detachments involve fluid collections under the retina from neoplastic or inflammatory conditions and are not associated with a retinal break. These are generally managed nonsurgically. Tractional retinal detachment occurs when a fibrous or fibrovascular membrane from trauma or neovascularization mechanically pulls the retina away from the retinal pigment epithelium. Rhegmatogenous detachments occur when there is a full thickness break in the retina and fluid enters the subretinal space from the vitreous cavity. Both rhegmatogenous and tractional retinal detachments may be treated surgically. The main options for retinal detachment repair include scleral buckling, vitrectomy with pneumatic retinopexy or silicone oil injection, or a combination of these. These procedures have a common goal, which is to reappose the neurosensory retina to the retinal pigment epithelium. The imaging findings after the treatment of retinal detachment and other procedures pertaining to the retina and vitreous are described and depicted in the following sections.
Racial battle fatigue and activist burnout in racial justice activists of color at predominately White colleges and universities

Activist burnout scholarship has inadequately considered challenges marginalized-identity activists, such as racial justice activists of color, experience in the course of their activism – challeng...