cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of pokeweed antiviral protein mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence that ribosome depurination is not sufficient for cytotoxicity

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) is a ribosome-inactivating protein that depurinates the highly conserved α-sarcin/ricin loop in the large rRNA. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis and systematic deletion analysis from the 5′ and the 3′ ends of the PAP cDNA, we identified the amino acids important for ribosome depurination and cytotoxicity of PAP. Truncating the first 16 amino acids of PAP eliminated its cytotoxicity and the ability to depurinate ribosomes. Ribosome depurination gradually decreased upon the sequential deletion of C-terminal amino acids and was abolished when a stop codon was introduced at Glu-244. Cytotoxicity of the C-terminal deletion mutants was lost before their ability to depurinate ribosomes. Mutations in Tyr-123 at the active site affected cytotoxicity without altering the ribosome depurination ability. Total translation was not inhibited in yeast expressing the non-toxic Tyr-123 mutants, although ribosomes were depurinated. These mutants depurinated ribosomes only during their translation and could not depurinate ribosomes in trans in a translation-independent manner. A mutation in Leu-71 in the central domain affected cytotoxicity without altering the ability to depurinate ribosomes in trans and inhibit translation. These results demonstrate that the ability to depurinate ribosomes in trans in a catalytic manner is required for the inhibition of translation, but is not sufficient for cytotoxicity.
Coping with Conflict Measurement of Age-Related Patterns

The Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI), having breadth of response with brevity of measurement, was developed to provide an age relevant measure of coping responses to specified stress situations. I...
A GaAs ASIC chip set for NASAs deep space network

A new GaAs chip set is the core of a new ground-based digital receiver to be installed in NASA's deep space network. GaAs technology is needed to handle the high-precision carrier demodulation process at the data rate of 160 million samples per second. The chip set architecture and design strategy are discussed. The capabilities of the digital signal processor printed wiring assembly which contains the ASIC chip set are described, together with design verification techniques for the chip set itself. >
Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Previous studies have indicated that exercise acutely induces large increases in uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle, whereas endurance training results in marked decreases in muscle UCP3. Because UCP3 expression appears to be regulated by the same mechanism as other mitochondrial constituents, it seemed unlikely that exercise would result in such large and divergent changes in mitochondrial composition. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that major changes in UCP3 protein concentration do not occur independently of mitochondrial biogenesis and that UCP3 increases as a component of the exercise-induced increase in mitochondria. We found a large increase in UCP3 mRNA immediately and 3 h after a bout of swimming. UCP3 protein concentration was increased ∼35% 18 h after a single exercise bout, ∼63% after 3 days, and ∼84% after 10 days of exercise. These increases in UCP3 roughly paralleled those of other mitochondrial marker proteins. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that endurance exercise induces an adaptive increase in mitochondria that have a normal content of UCP3.
Acute ST Depressions in a Patient With Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis and Normal Coronary Arteries

A 49-year-old woman with a history of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis diagnosed in 1982 presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and palpitations. A physical examination revealed a heart rate of 74 bpm, blood pressure of 106/65 mm Hg, room air saturation of 87%, mild jugular venous distension, and a III/VI systolic ejection murmur at the left lower sternal border that was accentuated by the Valsalva maneuver. A baseline ECG was obtained (Figure 1), and an echocardiogram revealed severe left ventricular hypertrophy with an interventricular septum …
A 16Gb/s 3.7mW/Gb/s 8-tap DFE receiver and baud rate CDR with 30kppm tracking bandwidth

The circuit presented is a power-efficient implementation of a 16 Gb/s I/O link NRZ receiver in 22 nm CMOS SOI. A CTLE feeds an 8-tap DFE for ISI equalization. The first tap uses digital speculation and the following seven taps are realized with switched-capacitor technique. Timing recovery and control are performed with a Mueller-Muller type-A baud rate CDR. The receiver architecture is half rate and requires only a single phase rotator. In total, six comparators in each even/odd signal path slice recover both data and timing information. The timing information extraction requires four additional comparators per slice in parallel to the two required by the first-tap DFE speculation. The CDR digital section operates at quarter rate and features a low-latency implementation for the timing control loop. At 16 Gb/s, 1 Vppd PRBS31 data transmitted without FFE equalization are recovered error-free (BER <; 10-12) across a PCB channel with 34 dB attenuation at 8 GHz. The measured tracking bandwidth is 30 kppm (16 GHz ±480 MHz), and an amplitude of 3 UIPP is tolerated at 1 MHz sinusoidal jitter. The sinusoidal jitter amplitude tolerance measured at 10 Gb/s is 0.4 UIPP at 10 MHz and remains above 0.2 UIPP up to 1 GHz with PRBS31 data recovered error-free (BER<; 10-12) across a PCB channel with 27 dB attenuation at 5 GHz. The power efficiency is 3.7 mW/Gb/s, including the full-rate clock receiver.
Phosphorylation regulates the assembly of NuMA in a mammalian mitotic extract

NuMA is a 236 kDa nuclear protein that is required for the organization of the mitotic spindle. To determine how NuMA redistributes in the cell during mitosis, we have examined the behavior of NuMA in a mammalian mitotic extract under conditions conducive to the reassembly of interphase nuclei. NuMA is a soluble protein in mitotic extracts prepared from synchronized cultured cells, but forms insoluble structures when the extract becomes non-mitotic (as judged by the inactivation of cdc2/cyclin B kinase and the disappearance of mpm-2-reactive antigens). These NuMA-containing structures are irregularly shaped particles of 1-2 microm in diameter and their assembly is specific because other nuclear components such as the lamins remain soluble in the extract under these conditions. NuMA is dephosphorylated during this assembly process, and the assembly of these NuMA-containing structures is catalyzed by protein dephosphorylation because protein kinase inhibitors enhance their formation and protein phosphatase inhibitors block their formation. Finally, immunodepletion demonstrates that NuMA is an essential structural component of these insoluble particles, and electron microscopy shows that the particles are composed of a complex interconnected network of foci. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation regulates the solubility of NuMA in a mammalian mitotic extract, and the spontaneous assembly of NuMA into extensive structures upon dephosphorylation supports the conclusion that NuMA serves a structural function.
The Displacement Cascade in Solids

The displacement cascade in a solid occurs when an atom in the material is displaced from its site by an incident damaging particle and moves through the material producing additional displacements. This process is of central importance in the study of radiation effects in solids. The use of ion beams to modify the near-surface regions of materials is an important area of research and technology where knowledge of the displacement cascade is required for a broad range of ion irradiation parameters and technologically important and complex materials. In general we use a displacement cascade model to calculate an exposure parameter such as displacements per atom (dpa) as a method of comparing different irradiations and as a radiation-induced defect source term in modeling the effects of the irradiation.
Epidemiology and treatment of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE): A systematic review

Background Current knowledge of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) derives from retrospective reports and case series, leading to a nonevidence-based treatment approach. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature relating to cutaneous ALHE to estimate its epidemiology and treatment outcomes. Methods A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted. Articles detailing cases of histologically confirmed cutaneous ALHE were included. Results In all, 416 studies were included in the review, representing 908 patients. There was no sex predominance among patients with ALHE. Mean age at presentation was 37.6 years. There was a significant association between presence of multiple lesions and pruritus, along with bleeding. Surgical excision was the most commonly reported treatment for ALHE. Treatment failure was lowest for excision and pulsed dye laser. Mean disease-free survival after excision was 4.2 years. There were higher rates of recurrence postexcision with earlier age of onset, longer duration of disease, multiple lesions, bilateral lesions, pruritus, pain, and bleeding. Limitations Potential for publication bias is a limitation. Conclusions Surgical excision appears to be the most effective treatment for ALHE, albeit suboptimal. Pulsed dye and other lasers may be effective treatment options. More studies are needed to improve the treatment of ALHE.
Strategies to Create a Culturally Responsive Learning Environment

This article is based on the workshop, Keeping it Real: Illusions of Equality and Justice on College Campuses . Students’ and presenters’ experiences show culturally diverse students and faculty must leave their cultures at the door in academia. Training strategies are recommended for a more culturally responsive learning and safe environment.
Causal reasoning about distributed programs

We present an integrated approach to the specification, verification and testing of distributed programs. We show how "global" properties defined by transition axiom specifications can be interpreted as definitions of causal relationships between process states. We explain why reasoning about causal rather than global relationships yields a clearer picture of distributed processing. We present a proof system for showing the partial correctness of CSP programs that places strict restrictions on assertions. It admits no global assertions. A process annotation may reference only local state. Glue predicates relate pairs of process states at points of interprocess communication. No assertion references auxiliary variables; appropriate use of control predicates and vector clock values eliminates the need for them. Our proof system emphasizes causality. We do not prove processes correct in isolation. We instead track causality as we write our annotations. When we come to a send or receive, we consider all the statements that could communicate with it, and use the semantics of CSP message passing to derive its postcondition. We show that our CSP proof system is sound and relatively complete, and that we need only recursive assertions to prove that any program in our fragment of CSP is partially correct. Our proof system is, therefore, as powerful as other proof systems for CSP. We extend our work to develop proof systems for asynchronous communication. For each proof system, our motivation is to be able to write proofs that show that code satisfies its specification, while making only assertions we can use to define the aspects of process state that we should trace during test runs, and check during postmortem analysis. We can trace the assertions we make without having to modify program code or add synchronization or message passing. Why, if we verify correctness, would we want to test? We observe that a proof, like a program, is susceptible to error. By tracing and analyzing program state during testing, we can build our confidence that our proof is valid.
Livestock Identification: Lessons for the U.S. Beef Industry from the Australian System

An array of concerns about animal health, potential bio-terrorism, food safety, international trade, consumer demand for credence attributes, and improving supply chain management are igniting unprecedented change in the international meat and livestock market. One noteworthy development is accelerated advancement of national individual animal identification programs. This study reviews how these systems work and what motivates animal traceback system implementation. A case study approach is used to overview an extensive system currently being used and developed in Australia. Based upon the Australian experience, we present recommendations for pending U.S. animal identification systems.
Simulation of a Commercial-Scale Entrained Flow Gasifier Using a Dynamic Reduced Order Model

The development of accurate, flexible, and robust dynamic reduced order models (ROMs) of entrained flow gasifiers (EFGs) is an important step toward greater commercialization of that technology. Previous work by the authors described the development, validation, and sensitivity analysis of such a ROM.(1, 2) This paper presents the results of dynamic simulation of a commercial-scale General Electric (GE or Texaco) gasifier and syngas cooling system. The base case for simulation is introduced, and the ROM is used to simulate six cases of dynamic gasifier operation. The objective of this work is to develop a computationally efficient simulator to assess steady-state and dynamic performance of entrained flow gasifiers under a wide range of realistic operating conditions. The six cases simulated are (1) removal of fluxant, (2) load following, (3) feed switching, (4) coal–petroleum coke cofiring, (5) coal–biomass cofiring, and (6) gasifier cold start. The results of dynamic simulation show that slagging propert...
The Bonds That Shame: Reconsidering the Foreign Exchange Trials of 1935–36 Against the Catholic Church in Nazi Germany

This article reassesses the foreign exchange trials and concurrent propaganda campaign in 1935–36 against the Catholic Church in Nazi Germany. Scholars have had difficulties situating the foreign e...
Real World Globalization and Inequality Yesterday and Today a review of Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth Century Atlantic Economy

This book shows that the current globalization buzzword refers to a process that in fact already characterized the nineteenth century until the beginning of the First World War. From then and until the end of the Second World War, the process of globalization was severely reversedin exempli?cation of one of the authors sub-theses that this process can and does have its own ups and downs and is not a one way ever-onward and upward road, as latter day parlance would have it. During the half century past, the globalization process was reinitiated laboriously but haltingly until the last two and especially the last decade of the twentieth century, when globalism more than globalization recovered the reach it had already nearly a century earlier. Although this book focuses on the nineteenth century period, the authors nonetheless express important concerns for present and future praxis and policy.
Study on Using Foreign Capital to Help the Needed In the New Period

Using foreign capital to help the needed is important to the help the needed in the new period.The advantaged factors of using foreign capital to help the needed in the new period were analyzed deeply,and the imagination and idea of enhancing using foreign capital to help the needed were put forward in the paper.
Control strategy and optimization of 780MW "Two-Pull-One" type gas-steam combined cycle unit

The coordinated control system of 780 MW "Two-Pull-One" type gas-steam combined cycle unit in Taiyanggong Plant was presented.Different load distribution schemes were put forward for two different operation modes:"Two-Pull-One" mode and "One-Pull-One" mode,respectively.On the basis of basic proportion,the PID algorithm was employed to perform the load distribution scheme revision and complete the total power coordination control of combined cycle unit.Moreover,for gas turbine trip and steam turbine trip,protection function in MARK-VIDCS instruction for steam turbine trip interlocking gas turbine trip was canceled,and quick open control function for bypass relief valve,desuperheating water regulating valve and stop valve was added.Load disturbance test was performed with load rising/falling rate of 30 MW/min,under automatic generation control(AGC) condition.The results showed that,the unit ran stably and had good ability of peak load regulation.During the load regulating process,the maximum dynamic load deviation was lower than 6 MW,and the average static load deviation was lower than 4 MW.
Induction of water diuresis by endothelin in rats.

Experiments were performed in anesthetized rats to examine the possibility that endothelin (ET) modifies renal epithelial function in addition to its well-established hemodynamic actions. Infusion ...
Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America's Prison Nation

This book is written based on the stories of Black women who have been impacted by racism, poverty, violence, and gender discrimination. The goal of Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and Ame...
How to measure the amplitude and phase of ultrashort Sight pulses with an autocorrelator and a spectrometer

The measurement of the complex electric field of ultrashort light pulses is highly desirable to obtain complete information on their amplitude and phase. The common means of intensity autocorrelations and spectral measurements do not provide any information on the spectral phase of the measured pulse. A host of methods have been devised to overcome this problem but none of them has thus far proven to be convenient enough to be widely adopted. We present here a method1,2 which is easy to implement experimentally and very reliable even in the case of noisy data.
The Effects of 9/11 on the Management of Human Capital in the United States

Millions of people were affected by the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, or “9/11” as it came to be called. One of the people affected that day was Alayne Gentul, Senior VP and HR Director of Fiduciary Trust International. Gentul was working on the 90th floor of World Trade Center Tower 2 when the first plane hit. There was panic and confusion. However, she calmly and methodically encouraged her employees to evacuate the building while remaining behind to make sure that all employees had left.1 Moving to the 97th floor to make sure that all of Fiduciary’s employees had left, smoke filled the building, and it became apparent that they were trapped. Nora Halton, one of Gentul’s co-workers said, “I’m sure she did as much she could to get people out or comfort them…this is the ultimate HR act.”2 Thanks to employees like Gentul, the lives of nearly all the company’s employees were saved. Although acts of crisis provide the opportunity for people to be in the spotlight for saving lives, thorough preparation is even more important. For example, the Marriott hotel at the World Trade Center was fully booked the morning of September 11, 2001. However, Marriott’s losses were minimized, not only because of heroic acts of employees but also due to the company’s preparation eight years earlier; after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, Marriott created a thorough evacuation plan for employees and guests to follow. It helped immeasurably on 9/11.3
Education for autonomy and open-mindedness in diverse societies

AbstractIn recent years, democracies across the globe have seen an increase in the popularity and power of authoritarian, nationalist politicians, groups, and policies. In this climate, the proper role of education in liberal democratic society, and in particular its role in promoting characteristics like autonomy and open-mindedness, is contested. This paper engages this debate by exploring the concept of autonomy and the obligations of liberal democratic societies to promote it. Presenting the conditions for the exercise and development of autonomy, I argue that the intellectual virtue of open-mindedness is necessary (though not sufficient) for possession of the capacity for autonomy and the motivation to exercise this capacity. In considering the importance of autonomy in liberal democratic societies, I argue that education for autonomy and open-mindedness can be justified by appealing to several liberal democratic aims: ensuring fair opportunity in the pursuit of the good life and preparing students f...
When Is It Better to Wait? Surgical Timing and Recurrence Risk for Children Undergoing Repair of Subaortic Stenosis

Recurrence of subaortic stenosis (SAS) after surgery is common in children. The effects of patient characteristics and surgical timing on disease recurrence are largely unknown. We performed a retrospective study, assessing the relative effects of patient age and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient on the need for reoperation for recurrent SAS. We included all children <20 years of age who underwent initial surgical resection of SAS at our center, January 2003–December 2013. Stratified logistic regression was performed, considering the effects of patient demographics, clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, and operative technique, and clustering standard errors by surgeon. The multivariable model was used to simulate predicted probabilities of recurrent SAS for children at varying ages and baseline LVOT gradients. Sixty-three patients (38 males) underwent initial operation for SAS. Patients were followed for a median of 3.7 years (IQR 1.2–7.1). Twenty-one percent of patients (n = 13) underwent reoperation for SAS. Twelve were male. For every 10 mmHg increase in preoperative peak gradient in boys, the odds of reoperation for SAS doubled (OR 2.01, CI 1.5–2.72, p < 0.001), and for every additional 6 months of age, the odds of reoperation decreased by 14% (OR 0.86, CI 0.84–0.88, p < 0.001). Both younger age and higher preoperative outflow tract gradient are independently associated with risk of reoperation. Clinicians should consider the age and rate of LVOT gradient change—and not just the absolute gradient—in determining initial surgical timing.
A Constraint Fuzzy Interval Analysis approach to fuzzy optimization

Abstract This article illustrates the efficacy of using constraint fuzzy analysis in fuzzy optimization. We present the theoretical approach and concretize this theory via examples.
What Is the Best Way to Distribute the Teacher’s Efforts Among Students

In a typical class, we have students at different levels of knowledge, student with different ability to learn the material.In real life, our resources are finite. Based on this finite amount of resources, what is the best way to distribute efforts between different students?
Chapter 16 – Neuroendocrinology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on the HPA Axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is activated in response to stressor detection in order to mobilize resources critical for survival. Chronic or extreme stress precipitates dysregulation of the HPA axis concomitant with development of psychopathology, most notably in major depressive disorder. HPA axis alterations have similarly been noted in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conversely, PTSD appears to be characterized by lower basal levels of cortisol and greater HPA axis negative feedback, which is thought to be mediated by greater sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor. Recent evidence calls into question whether HPA axis alterations represent a preexisting vulnerability or are altered with pathophysiology of the disease and, further, whether these alterations reflect trauma exposure, rather than PTSD per se. Rigorous comparison of participant trauma history, consistency in diagnostic criteria, and systems biology approaches may better inform questions related to an association between changes in the HPA axis and PTSD.
FORMAMIDINE PESTICIDES - METABOLIC ASPECTS OF NEUROTOXICITY

Formamidines are a relatively new class of agricultural chemicals, and within this group there exist diverse types of pesticidal activity. For example, compounds active as herbicides, fungicides, nematocides, bactericides, insecticides, and acaricides have been discovered. The insecticide and acaricide N′-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine or chlordimeform has received the most attention from a toxicological standpoint since it has been used extensively for insect and acarine control (Knowles, 1976).
Trends in the use of puberty blockers among transgender children in the United States

BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to identify national trends in the utilization of histrelin acetate implants among transgender children in the United States. METHODS We analyzed demographic, diagnostic and treatment data from 2004 to 2016 on the use of histrelin acetate reported to the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) to determine the temporal trends in its use for transgender-related billing diagnoses, e.g. "gender identity disorder". Demographic and payer status data on this patient population were also collected. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2016, the annual number of implants placed for a transgender-related diagnosis increased from 0 to 63. The average age for placement was 14 years. Compared to natal females, natal males were more likely to receive implants (57 vs. 46) and more likely to have implants placed at an older age (62% of natal males vs. 50% of natal females were ≥;13 years; p<0.04). The majority of children were White non-Hispanic (White: 60, minority: 21). When compared to the distribution of patients treated for precocious puberty (White: 1428, minority: 1421), White non-Hispanic patients were more likely to be treated with a histrelin acetate implant for a transgender-related diagnosis than minority patients (p<0.001). This disparity was present even among minority patients with commercial insurance (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Utilization of histrelin acetate implants among transgender children has increased dramatically. Compared to natal females, natal males are more likely to receive implants and also more likely to receive implants at an older age. Treated transgender patients are more likely to be White when compared to the larger cohort of patients being treated with histrelin acetate for central precocious puberty (CPP), thus identifying a potential racial disparity in access to medically appropriate transgender care.
Explosive Blast Loading of Biosimulants Through Ballistic Protective Materials

The effects that different materials coupled together can have on blast mitigation are not well understood. In 2013, the Army Research Laboratory in collaboration with PEO Soldier and Columbia University executed an experimental program to understand how different materials and the coupling of materials affect blast mitigation. Over 70 different material coupons were assessed including fabric, rigid materials, and biological surrogates. These materials were chosen based on properties such as impedance, sound speed, shear storage modulus, dynamic tensile modulus, Young’s modulus, and areal density. A 1.5 pound pentolite sphere was used to ensure a repeatable blast environment. A synthetic gelatin witness block was instrumented to capture the blast loading transferred through each material type. Pressure sensors were placed on the front of the material, in the witness block, and on the rear surface of the witness block. These sensors were both novel film pressure gages from Columbia University and PCBpiezotronic pressure gages. In analyzing the results, empirical relationships were examined to understand how blast is transmitted through a combination of materials. These findings can be used to guide material design considerations for protective equipment.
Training a Drug to Do New Tricks: Insights on Stability of Meropenem Administered as a Continuous Infusion.

Background:The antibiotic armamentarium used to combat multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) include carbapenems. Continuous infusion (CI) dosing is frequently employed to maximize beta-lactam eff...
Estimating demand for rural intercity bus services

Abstract The objective of this research is to develop an intercity mode choice model that can be incorporated into a travel demand model to estimate demand for rural intercity bus services. Four intercity transportation modes are considered in the study: automobile, bus, rail, and air. A stated preference survey was conducted of individuals across the state of North Dakota, and a mixed logit model was developed to estimate a mode choice model. Results from the mode choice model show the significant impacts of individual, trip, and mode characteristics on choice of mode. Gender, age, income, disability, trip purpose, party size, travel time, travel cost, and access distance were all found to have significant impacts on mode choice. This study was conducted in the largely rural state of North Dakota, but results could be transferable to other areas with similar geographic characteristics.
Quality deterioration of grape tomato fruit during storage after treatments with gaseous ozone at conditions that significantly reduced populations of Salmonella on stem scar and smooth surface

Abstract Gaseous ozone was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing populations of Salmonella and native microorganisms on grape tomatoes and its impact on sensory and nutritional quality of the fruit. Grape tomatoes with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium inoculated onto stem scar and smooth surface were treated with 1.71, 3.43 and 6.85 mg L−1 gaseous ozone for 2 or 4 h. For quality studies, non-inoculated tomatoes were treated with gaseous ozone under the same concentrations and durations and stored at 10 °C for 21 d. Sensory properties (appearance and off-odor), total plate count (TPC), mold and yeast count, instrumental color, firmness, and lycopene and vitamin C content were measured on d 1, 7, 14, and 21 of storage. Results showed that 6.85 mg L−1 ozone for 2 and 4 h treatments reduced Salmonella populations by approximately 2 log CFU fruit−1 on both smooth surface and stem scar area of tomatoes. Other treatments did not significantly reduce the populations of Salmonella. Significant reductions on TPC were observed on fruit treated with 6.85 mg L−1 ozone for 2 and 4 h and 3.43 mg L−1 for 2 h on d 1 and 7 of storage. However, mold and yeast counts were not consistently affected by the gaseous ozone treatments. Ozone at 3.43 and 6.85 mg L−1 for 4 h negatively impacted the ratings of appearance and off-odor. In addition, the same treatments significantly reduced firmness and decreased lycopene and vitamin C contents. Overall, our results indicated that gaseous ozone that achieved significant reductions of Salmonella populations caused deteriorations in the quality of grape tomatoes.
Progress Towards a Taxonomy of Strategy Transformations

The difference between the performance of an expert and a novice seems not so much a matter of what the expert has been taught as of what he has learned by himself. That is, it often appears that the expert has taken the strategies taught him, and through practice has discovered ways to modify them into much more efficient and powerful procedures.
Benign Cutaneous Lesions

Benign skin lesions are encountered frequently in primary care offices. These include seborrheic keratoses, skin tags, cherry angiomas, dermatofibromas, sebaceous hyperplasia, milia, and pyogenic granulomas. Though the vast majority of these do not require treatment, it is important for the primary care clinician to be able to identify them. This might include simple pattern recognition or use of techniques like dermoscopy.
SMAD6 Genotype Predicts Neurodevelopment in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis.

BACKGROUND De novo or rare transmitted mutations in the SMAD6 gene affect 7 percent of midline nonsyndromic synostosis patients. This study aimed to determine the neurocognitive sequelae of SMAD6 synostosis. METHODS Nonsyndromic synostosis patients 6 years or older with SMAD6 mutations and non-SMAD6 nonsyndromic synostosis controls were recruited. All patients completed a double-blinded neurodevelopmental battery (i.e., Wechsler Fundamentals, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Beery-Buktenica Developmental test), and parents/guardians completed behavioral surveys (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and Behavior Rating System for Children). RESULTS Twenty-eight patients participated: 10 known SMAD6 patients (average age, 10 years; 1 female; eight metopic and two sagittal; nine treated with cranial vault remodeling and one treated with strip craniectomy) and 18 non-SMAD6 controls (age, 9.5 years; three female; 12 metopic and six sagittal; 17 treated with cranial vault remodeling and one treated with strip craniectomy). There were no differences between any demographics. Testing age, surgical age, parental education, and household income correlated with cognition (p < 0.05). After controlling for these factors, SMAD6 patients performed worse on numerical operations (p = 0.046), performance intelligence quotient (p = 0.018), full-scale intelligence quotient (p = 0.010), and motor coordination (p = 0.043) compared to age/race/gender/synostosis/operation-matched controls. On behavioral surveys, SMAD6 patients scored worse on 14 assessments, including aggression, communication, and behavior. CONCLUSIONS This prospective double-blinded study revealed that neuropsychiatric development of nonsyndromic synostosis may be under genetic control. SMAD6 mutations led to poorer mathematics, performance intelligence quotient, full-scale intelligence quotient, and motor coordination, even after controlling for exogenous factors. Genetic testing may be critical for advocating early adjunctive neurodevelopmental therapy. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, II.
Short-range propagation characteristics of airgun pulses during marine seismic reflection surveys

Marine seismic reflection surveys use airguns to generate repetitive high energy sound signals to image the structure of the seafloor. To better mitigate against the impact of airgun pulses on marine mammals, safety criteria are defined to ensure marine mammals are not exposed to high levels of acoustic energy. Accurate prediction of the sound received levels away from the airguns is required for conducting effective marine mammal monitoring. In this study, measurements by a horizontal hydrophone array towed by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth behind a seismic source array have been used to characterize short-range propagation of airgun pulses and predict the acoustic energy radiated from a seismic source. Data from the Cascadia Open-Access Seismic Transects seismic reflection survey are used to train a linear regression (LR) and a random forest (RF) model to estimate sound exposure levels (SELs) in short ranges from the airguns. Results show that the LR model does not account for all the variance in data. However, the RF model is able to estimate the SELs with a high coefficient of determination and a low mean squared error. Results from the LR model show that the rate at which SELs decrease in deep water does not match either of the cylindrical or spherical spreading models. Simulations are undertaken to understand this inconsistency as well as the effect of hydrophone group-averaging on data recorded by a seismic hydrophone array.
Children With ADHD Engage in Less Physical Activity

Background: Children with ADHD should engage in physical activity, given its known role as a treatment adjunct. Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and physical activity among children in the United States. Methods: This retrospective population-based cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 caregiver reported, National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Results: In the adjusted binary model, children with an ADHD diagnosis had 21% lower odds of engaging in daily physical activity than their nondiagnosed counterparts. In the adjusted multinomial model, children with ADHD were increasingly unlikely to report additional days of physical activity as compared to those without a diagnosis. Conclusion: Given the known benefits of physical activity for those with ADHD, this study underscores the need for enhanced access to an important treatment adjunct for this population.
Does OPTINAB strategy ("stop-and-go") work in treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) with nab-paclitaxel (nab) - gemcitabine (gem)?

e15672Background: MPACT study showed survival benefit of nab-gem vs. gem in APC [Von Hoff D, NEJM 2013]. Sensory peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting toxicity associated with nab. Neuromodulato...
A wavelet-based approach to streamflow event identification and modeled timing error evaluation

Abstract. Streamflow timing errors (in the units of time) are rarely explicitly evaluated but are useful for model evaluation and development. Wavelet-based approaches have been shown to reliably quantify timing errors in streamflow simulations but have not been applied in a systematic way that is suitable for model evaluation. This paper provides a step-by-step methodology that objectively identifies events, and then estimates timing errors for those events, in a way that can be applied to large-sample, high-resolution predictions. Step 1 applies the wavelet transform to the observations and uses statistical significance to identify observed events. Step 2 utilizes the cross-wavelet transform to calculate the timing errors for the events identified in step 1; this includes the diagnostic of model event hits, and timing errors are only assessed for hits. The methodology is illustrated using real and simulated stream discharge data from several locations to highlight key method features. The method groups event timing errors by dominant timescales, which can be used to identify the potential processes contributing to the timing errors and the associated model development needs. For instance, timing errors that are associated with the diurnal melt cycle are identified. The method is also useful for documenting and evaluating model performance in terms of defined standards. This is illustrated by showing the version-over-version performance of the National Water Model (NWM) in terms of timing errors.
Aware Diffusion Routing Protocol with Reliable Data Delivery Provision

One of the preferred options for observing and automated control of distant and remote objects and environments is Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to their low expense. To guarantee reliable delivery in such implementation, quality-of service (QoS) techniques are required. Moreover, hardware constrains make QoS provision a difficult task. An encouraging addition in these scenarios is to incorporate a cross-layer approach, where different layers share information to be able to reach better QoS decisions. .In our research, we introduce a routing protocol where data from the application layer is channeled to the network layer to be able to achieve differentiated routing choices based upon on packets categories. We made the choice to classify data packets as critical or normal. Based on this categorization, critical data is handled differently by enforcing two paths for delivery as an alternative of one as the case in normal data.
Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: from Kittens to Humans and Beyond!

ABSTRACT Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) are associated with diarrhea worldwide, yet genome-wide investigations to probe their virulome are lacking. In this issue of Infection and Immunity, V. E. Watson, T. H. Hazen, D. A. Rasko, M. E. Jacob, et al. (IAI 89:e00619-20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00619-20) sequenced aEPEC isolates from diarrheic and asymptomatic kittens. Using phylogenomics, they demonstrated that these isolates were genetically indistinguishable from human isolates, suggesting that kittens may serve as a reservoir and, perhaps, a much-needed model to interrogate aEPEC virulence. The diarrheic isolates were hypermotile, suggesting that this phenotype may distinguish virulent strains from their innocuous counterparts.
What factors differentiate dentigerous cysts from other pericoronal lesions

Objective To evaluate the histopathologic outcomes of pericoronal radiolucencies and identify factors predictive of diagnosis. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of 258 patients with 280 radiolucent pericoronal lesions undergoing treatment at our institution between 2005 and 2019. The primary predictor variable was lesion size (≥2 cm and Results The study sample was composed of 258 patients with 280 histopathologic specimens. There were 218 dentigerous cysts (77.9%) and 62 other pathologic entities (22.1%). Lesions ≥2 cm were 3.20 times more likely to be diagnosed as a nondentigerous cyst pathologic entity (P ≤ .001). After adjusting for jaw (maxilla vs mandible), pain, history of infection, cortical perforation, expansion, and multiple lesions, younger age (P ≤ .001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.950, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.929-0.972) and lesion size as a continuous variable (P = .007, OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11) were independent predictors of other pathologic entities. Conclusions The majority of pericoronal radiolucent lesions were dentigerous cysts. Younger age and larger lesions were independent predictors of other pathologic entities.
An Integrated Transmission-Distribution Co-Simulation for a Distribution System with High Renewable Penetration

Traditionally, transmission and distribution system dynamic simulations are performed independently. However, dynamic co-simulation of transmission-distribution systems can be beneficial in analyzing distribution systems with high penetration of distributed renewable resources. The authors describe a framework for conducting transmission-distribution dynamic co-simulation (TDDS). A model of a real network including detailed models of solar photovoltaic units in the distribution system is constructed. The initial operating point of the network is validated against field measurements. The TDDS tool is used to simulate a single line-to-ground fault on the distribution system, highlighting the need for conducting transmission-distribution co-simulations.
Insider Trading Flaw: Toward a Fraud-on-the-Market Theory and Beyond

No federal law specifically makes insider trading unlawful. Current law is based on § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act, the general antifraud provision. The deception giving rise to a trading violation under section 10(b) is a breach of fiduciary duty to the source of the information. This approach is misguided because the source of the information is not injured by the trade. Rather, the counterparty to the trade is injured, and, in a more general sense, confidence in the securities markets suffers as a result of trading on material, nonpublic information. Even worse, current law does not clearly prohibit the use of inside information in circumstances that no sensible law would condone. For example, suppose a thief steals corporate inside information and trades on that information. It is unclear whether the thief has violated section 10(b). Similarly, if a corporate insider provides material, nonpublic information to a friend and the friend trades on the information, it is unclear whether either party has violated the law. This Article proposes to replace the current regime with fraud-on-the-market theory based on the well-recognized duty to publicly disclose inside information or abstain from trading. A breach of that duty would be a fraud on the public and the counterparty, and would therefore violate § 10(b). The Article goes on to analyze and critique congressional bills that propose new insider trading legislation.
UV Resonance Raman Determination of α-Helix Melting During the Acid Denaturation of Myoglobin

We have studied the absorption spectrum and the 206.5 and 229 mn excited resonance Raman spectrum of aquometmyoglobin (Mb) between pH 7.5 and pH 1.5. The acid denaturation of Mb below pH 3.5 results in small absorption increases below 220 nm due to α-helix melting, and an absorption decrease at ~230 nm due to environmental changes of the trp and/or tyr residues. Dramatic heme Soret band changes indicate major alterations of the helve pocket. We examined the 206.5 nm resonance Raman spectra, which selectively enhances amide backbone vibrations and compared these results to the 229 nm excited resonance Raman spectra, which selectively enhances tyr and trp vibrations. We calculate that the Mb α-helical composition decreases from ∼80% at neutral pH to ∼19% below pH 3.5. The trp Raman cross sections dramatically decrease at low pH which indicates that the A helix melts. The tyr Raman bands are pH independent which indicates that the G and H helices do not melt. This result indicates that helices A, B, C, D and E melt in a concerted fashion, while the antiparallel G and H helices only partially melt. This melting of the helices framing the heme pocket is responsible for the change in heme binding; the diffuseness of the unfolded Mb heme Soret band suggests that the heme no longer has a single defined binding site.
Autonomous Distributed Control Through Flexible Communications

Any industrial structure, consisting of distributed mechanical and/or electrical components that partially operate autonomously, is best augmented by an autonomous distributed control system. The major characteristic of such a system (holonic system) is that it consists of harmonized components which not only act independently but also co-operatively as a whole.
The complexity of making unique choices: approximating 1-in- k SAT

We study the approximability of 1-in-kSAT, the variant of Max kSAT where a clause is deemed satisfied when precisely one of its literals is satisfied. We also investigate different special cases of the problem, including those obtained by restricting the literals to be unnegated and/or all clauses to have size exactly k. Our results show that the 1-in-kSAT problem exhibits some rather peculiar phenomena in the realm of constraint satisfaction problems. Specifically, the problem becomes substantially easier to approximate with perfect completeness as well as when negations of literals are not allowed.
The Moment Zeta Function and Applications

Motivated by a probabilistic analysis of a simple game (itself inspired by a problem in computational learning theory), we introduce the moment zeta function of a probability distribution and study in depth some asymptotic properties of the moment zeta function of those distributions supported in the interval [0, 1]. One example of such zeta functions is Riemann’s zeta function (which is the moment zeta function of the uniform distribution in [0, 1]. For Riemann’s zeta function, we are able to show particularly sharp versions of our results.
Severe heat stroke with multiple organ dysfunction

In a case report recently published in Critical Care, Broessner and coworkers [1] claim to have successfully treated a patient with heat stroke by using a specific cooling device. We should like to raise some important issues.