cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doping-Induced Schottky-Barrier Realignment for Unipolar and High Hole Current WSe 2 Devices With >10 8 On/Off Ratio

Direct evidence of O2-plasma induced contact metal Fermi-level realignment is observed in WSe2 based SB field-effect transistors (FETs), leading to high hole currents with on/off ratios >108. The formation of tungsten oxide (WOx) converted from top WSe2 layers not only serves as an effective p-type dopant, but also unpins the Fermi-level of the metal contacts. The phenomena are corroborated by significant threshold voltage shifts, improved hole currents and suppression of the electron branch, observed from our statistical device characteristics. In addition, channel thickness dependence is investigated with the observation of complete suppression of the electron branch in thin WSe2 (< 4.9nm) devices after the O2-plasma treatment, which is interpreted as more substantial increase of SB height to the conduction band of larger bandgaps. Excellent air-stability is also concluded from statistical device results, suggesting a robust p-doping approach for WSe2 through O2-plasma treatment.
Perforator‐based propeller flaps for reconstruction of massive anterolateral thigh donor site wounds

BACKGROUND Wide anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap donor site defects may make primary closure difficult or impossible, with split thickness skin grafting and/or negative pressure therapy often used instead. Here, we describe a technique using propeller flaps based on varying thigh perforating vasculature in donor site reconstruction for these larger deformities. METHODS Case series RESULTS: Three patients are described that had perforator-based propeller flap reconstruction of large ALT donor site wounds that were not amenable to primary closure. Two propeller flaps were supplied by perforators of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and one by a perforator of the deep femoral system. One patient experienced partial loss of the propeller flap, but completely healed with local wound care. CONCLUSION The propeller flap is a safe method to reconstruct large ALT donor sites not amenable to primary closure.
An improved Combes–Thomas estimate of magnetic Schrödinger operators

In the present paper, we prove an improved Combes–Thomas estimate, viz. the Combes–Thomas estimate in trace-class norms, for magnetic Schrodinger operators under general assumptions. In particular, we allow for unbounded potentials. We also show that for any function in the Schwartz space on the reals the operator kernel decays, in trace-class norms, faster than any polynomial.
Migrate Storm Topology to Heron

Heron API is compatible with Storm API. Given a Storm job, we can easily make it run in Heron clusters. This chapter includes two examples to show the procedures to migrate the Storm jobs to Heron. The first example is coded in Storm Java API, and we migrate it to Heron–Storm compatibility API. The second example is coded in Storm Flux, and we will migrate it to Heron ECO.
The World Trade Center Health Program: Petitions for adding qualifying health conditions

The federally mandated World Trade Center Health Program provides limited health benefits for qualifying health conditions related to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. A qualifying health condition is an illness or health condition for which the member's exposure to airborne toxins, any other hazard, or any other adverse condition resulting from the 9/11 terrorist attacks is considered substantially likely to be a significant factor in aggravating, contributing to, or causing the illness or health condition. These qualifying health conditions are listed in federal regulations. The regulations also provide a process for amending this list. This commentary describes the methods developed for adding health conditions to the list of qualifying health conditions and discusses changes to the list that have occurred during the Program's 2011-2020 period.
Regulation of B cell functions by S-nitrosoglutathione in the EAE model.

Abstract B cells play both protective and pathogenic roles in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases by releasing regulatory vs. pathogenic cytokines. B cell-depleting therapy has been attempted in various autoimmune diseases but its efficacy varies and can even worsen symptoms due to depletion of B cells releasing regulatory cytokines along with B cells releasing pathogenic cytokines. Here, we report that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and GSNO-reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor N6022 drive upregulation of regulatory cytokine (IL-10) and downregulation of pathogenic effector cytokine (IL-6) in B cells and protected against the neuroinflammatory disease of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In human and mouse B cells, the GSNO/N6022-mediated regulation of IL-10 vs. IL-6 was not limited to regulatory B cells but also to a broad range of B cell subsets and antibody-secreting cells. Adoptive transfer of B cells from N6022 treated EAE mice or EAE mice deficient in the GSNOR gene also regulated T cell balance (Treg > Th17) and reduced clinical disease in the recipient EAE mice. The data presented here provide evidence of the role of GSNO in shifting B cell immune balance (IL-10 > IL-6) and the preclinical relevance of N6022, a first-in-class drug targeting GSNOR with proven human safety, as therapeutics for autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis.
Evaluating suspected small bowel obstruction with the water-soluble contrast challenge.

With optimized technique, the water-soluble contrast (WSC) challenge is effective at triaging patients for operative versus non-operative management of suspected small bowel obstruction (SBO). Standardized study structure and interpretation guidelines aid in clinical efficacy and ease of use. Many tips and tricks exist regarding technique and interpretation, and their understanding may assist the interpreting radiologist. In the future, a CT-based WSC challenge, utilizing oral contrast given as part of the initial CT examination, might allow for a more streamlined algorithm and provide more rapid results.
Comparison of Patients Undergoing PVP Versus TURP for LUTS/BPH

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) are currently the two most commonly performed procedures for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While each procedure has been shown to be efficacious, TURP or PVP may be preferred in certain clinical scenarios. A number of factors may influence the choice of which patients undergo PVP or TURP. This decision may take into account patient characteristics, such as age, co-morbidities, predominance of irritative symptoms, and/or ongoing anticoagulation. Additionally, balancing desired outcomes with possible risks is critical. Considerations should include possible effects on sexual function, rates of reoperation, cost, and need for tissue specimen in those at risk for prostate cancer. The primary objective of this article is to summarize the comparative research of PVP and TURP and the implications on differences between patients who undergo either procedure.
Insurance Status and the Care of Adult Patients 19 to 64 Years of Age Visiting the Emergency Department

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:808–815 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: The objective was to determine whether insurance status is associated with the care of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of ED visits using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS; 1999 through 2008). Patients 19 to 64 years of age were categorized as having private insurance, public insurance, or no insurance as their primary insurance. Six components of ED care were assessed: wait time, left prior to discharge, use of diagnostic testing, treatment, instructions for follow-up, and whether the patient had been seen in the past 72 hours. Results: Nonprivate insurance status was associated with all six components of ED care, including higher proportions of leaving before discharge of patients with public insurance (4.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8% to 4.5%) versus patients with no insurance (4.7%, 95% CI = 4.2% to 5.1%) or private insurance (2.2%, 95% CI = 2.0% to 2.4%; p < 0.001). It was also associated with a higher proportion of return visits with 5.1% (95% CI = 4.6% to 5.6%) of patients with public insurance versus 4.7% (95% CI = 4.1% to 4.6%) of patients with no insurance versus 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5% to 4.2%) of patients with private insurance (p < 0.001). Patients with public or no insurance also had decreased odds of ED testing compared to those with private insurance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for public = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.88; and AOR for none = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.86). Conclusions: Nonprivate insurance status is associated with different care patterns in adults aged 19 to 64 years visiting the ED. Further studies are needed to evaluate how these disparate care patterns affect health outcomes.
Detecting Honest People’s Lies in Handwriting

Can managers detect honest people’s lies in a handwritten message? In this article, I will briefly discuss graphology and a basic model of interpersonal communication. I will then develop a fundamental theoretical framework of eight principles for detecting lies based on the basic communication model, handwriting analyses, and the following assumptions: For most people, it is easier to tell the truth than to tell lies. This applies to handwritings also. When most honest people lie, they try to hide their stressful emotions in the encoding process. As a consequence, they deviate from their own normal writing and violate their own personal moral standards. Interestingly enough, the art or science of detecting a lie in a handwritten sample is to focus not on what they write, but on how they write it. These 24 exhibits (cases) written in 11 languages—used in different parts of the world—help managers apply this important theoretical framework of interpersonal communication, understand the encoding process, pinpoint these sudden emotional changes, decode handwritten messages, unlock the secrets, reveal the message’s true meanings, and detect people’s lies.
Mechanism of attachment of swarm cells of Thiothrix nivea.

Swarm cells of Thiothrix nivea were found to possess a group of fimbriae at one pole. The other pole either was bare or possessed from one to three fimbriae. By using this polarity as a marker, it was found that the initial step in attachment of swarm cells involves the fimbriated pole and that this initial step is followed by the production of holdfast material. Images
Nonlinear Systems: Local Theory

In Chapter 1 we saw that any linear system $$ \dot x = Ax $$ (1) has a unique solution through each point xo in the phase space R n ; the solution is given by x(t) = e At xo and it is defined for all t ∈ R.
Modelling of transient two-phase heat transfer for spacecraft thermal management

A computational method for predicting the two-phase transient fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within a reservoir of the capillary-pumped-loop, intended to be used for spacecraft thermal management, has been developed. The model is based on the enthalpy formulation in an axisymmetric configuration. The reservoir operates under a constant thermodynamic pressure by allowing mass exchange between the reservoir and the outside loop. Both 1 g and 0 g environments have been considered to assess the effects of gravity on the reservoir performance. Depending on the gravity level, the power input and the reservoir orientation, three different convection modes have been identified, namely, the thermocapillary mode, the buoyancy mode, and the rapid-expansion mode (caused by interface movement). The impact of these modes on the performance of the reservoir and the associated physical phenomena have been discussed.
Return on Experience: A Mindset for Learning Leadership

Studies have shown that ongoing, on-the-job learning is an essential ingredient for long-term leadership success. But to maximize the learning and development potential that hides within work experience, you need a plan. By adopting a return- on-experience mind-set, you can actively seek out the three keys to learning from experience: mastery, versatility, and impact.
The pregniotin test for pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. A series of 48 patients were tested with pregniotin, and antigen prepared from human placenta for intradermal injection to determine pregnancy. 2. 2. Pregniotin gave a positive reaction in 21 out of 22 patients known to be pregnant. 3. 3. Seven patients, tested postnatally from one to twelve days post partum, all gave a positive reaction. 4. 4. Six males were tested, 4 being negative and 2 positive. The 2 false positives were considered to be due to the deterioration of the product. No opportunity was afforded us of checking these results with a fresh product, as it was no longer available from the manufacturer. 5. 5. Three patients examined for diagnosis by this test gave 2 correct results and 1 false. 6. 6. Ten patients definitely not pregnant were tested, with 9 correct results and 1 false positive.
Processing of Mammalian and PlantS-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Proenzymes

Abstract S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a pyruvoyl enzyme, and the pyruvate is formed in an intramolecular reaction that cleaves a proenzyme precursor and converts a serine residue into pyruvate. The wild type potato AdoMetDC proenzyme processed much faster than the human proenzyme and did not require putrescine for an optimal rate of processing despite the presence of three acidic residues (equivalent to Glu11, Glu178, and Glu256) that were demonstrated in previous studies to be required for the putrescine activation of human AdoMetDC proenzyme processing (Stanley, B. A., Shantz, L. M., and Pegg, A. E. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 7901–7907). A fourth residue that is also needed for the putrescine stimulation of human AdoMetDC proenzyme processing was identified in the present studies, and this residue (Asp174) is not present in the potato sequence. The site of potato AdoMetDC proenzyme processing was found to be Ser73 in the conserved sequence, YVLSESS, which is the equivalent of Ser68 in the human sequence. Replacement of the serine precursor with threonine or cysteine by site-directed mutagenesis in either the potato or the human AdoMetDC proenzyme did not prevent processing but caused a significant reduction in the rate. Although the COOH-terminal regions of the known eukaryotic AdoMetDCs are not conserved, only relatively small truncations of 8 residues from the human protein and 25 residues from the potato proenzyme were compatible with processing. The maximally truncated proteins show no similarity in COOH-terminal amino acid sequence but each contained 46 amino acid residues after the last conserved sequence, suggesting that the length of this section of the protein is essential for maintaining the proenzyme conformation needed for autocatalytic processing.
Clinical versus statistical prediction: The contribution of Paul E. Meehl

The background of Paul E. Meehl's work on clinical versus statistical prediction is reviewed, with detailed analyses of his arguments. Meehl's four main contributions were the following: (a) he put the question, of whether clinical or statistical combinations of psychological data yielded better predictions, at center stage in applied psychology; (b) he convincingly argued, against an array of objections, that clinical versus statistical prediction was a real (not concocted) problem needing thorough study; (c) he meticulously and even-handedly dissected the logic of clinical inference from theoretical and probabilistic standpoints; and (c) he reviewed the studies available in 1954 and thereafter, which tested the validity of clinical versus statistical predictions. His early conclusion that the literature strongly favors statistical prediction has stood up extremely well, and his conceptual analyses of the prediction problem (especially his defense of applying aggregate-based probability statements to individual cases) have not been significantly improved since 1954.
Thermodynamic Origin of Hofmeister Ion Effects

Quantitative interpretation and prediction of Hofmeister ion effects on protein processes, including folding and crystallization, have been elusive goals of a century of research. Here, a quantitative thermodynamic analysis, developed to treat noncoulombic interactions of solutes with biopolymer surface and recently extended to analyze the effects of Hofmeister salts on the surface tension of water, is applied to literature solubility data for small hydrocarbons and model peptides. This analysis allows us to obtain a minimum estimate of the hydration b1 (H2O A−2), of hydrocarbon surface and partition coefficients Kp, characterizing the distribution of salts and salt ions between this hydration water and bulk water. Assuming that Na+ and SO42− ions of Na2SO4 (the salt giving the largest reduction in hydrocarbon solubility as well as the largest increase in surface tension) are fully excluded from the hydration water at hydrocarbon surface, we obtain the same b1 as for air-water surface (∼0.18 H2O A−2). Ran...
Multiphoton coherence domain molecular imaging

We have developed a novel high-resolution molecular imaging technique, Pump-Probe Optical Coherence Microscopy, based on the fusion of Pump-Probe spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Microscopy and demonstrated it on fixed human skin containing a nodular melanoma.
A spine-flux method for simulating free surface flows

A new technique for the advection of liquid domains with free surfaces is developed. This technique is based on describing the liquid surface by a spine function h({alpha}, t), with {alpha} being the angle measured from one axis at time t. After discretization, the spines h{sub i}({alpha}, t) subdivide the liquid zone into conical subvolumes. The volume of each of the subvolumes is updated using the local velocities at the interface of every two neighboring subvolumes. A technique is developed to calculate the new spines based on the updated subvolumes. The method is referred to as the spine-flux method (SFM) and it is implemented in a Galerkin finite element method with penalty formulation. The problems of drop oscillation and drop collision are utilized to show the accuracy and efficiency of the technique. 28 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
On Human Disease-Causing Amino Acid Variants: Statistical Study of Sequence and Structural Patterns

Statistical analysis was carried out on large set of naturally occurring human amino acid variations, and it was demonstrated that there is a preference for some amino acid substitutions to be associated with diseases. At an amino acid sequence level, it was shown that the disease-causing variants frequently involve drastic changes in amino acid physicochemical properties of proteins such as charge, hydrophobicity, and geometry. Structural analysis of variants involved in diseases and being frequently observed in human population showed similar trends: disease-causing variants tend to cause more changes in hydrogen bond network and salt bridges as compared with harmless amino acid mutations. Analysis of thermodynamics data reported in the literature, both experimental and computational, indicated that disease-causing variants tend to destabilize proteins and their interactions, which prompted us to investigate the effects of amino acid mutations on large databases of experimentally measured energy changes in unrelated proteins. Although the experimental datasets were linked neither to diseases nor exclusory to human proteins, the observed trends were the same: amino acid mutations tend to destabilize proteins and their interactions. Having in mind that structural and thermodynamics properties are interrelated, it is pointed out that any large change in any of them is anticipated to cause a disease.
Eupogodon iridescens (Dasyaceae, Ceramiales) and Lophocladia kipukaia (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales), two new species of Rhodophyta from Hawaii

New species of Eupogodon, E. iridescens (Dasyaceae, Ceramiales) and Lophocladia, L. kipukaia (Lophothalieae, Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) are described from the Hawaiian Islands. The general characteristics and diagnostic criteria of both genera are discussed. Plants of Eupogodon iridescens have long been collected in Hawaii, but have been without a name. Lophocladia kipukaia had not been previously collected.
The Regional Distribution of Somatostatin in the Rat Brain

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for somatostatin (SRIF) has been used to determine the regional distribution of SRIF in rat brain. The hypothalamus contained the highest concentration of SRIF. Lower, but significant amounts of SRIF were present outside of the hypothalamus. Within the hypothalamus, the concentration of SRIF was highest in the median eminence and arcuate nucleus although all of the hypothalamic nuclei contained some of this material. The implications of this distribution are discussed (Endocrinology96: 1456, 1975)
A new gas vacuolated heterotrophic rod from freshwaters.

A gas vacuolated rod was isolated from the oxygen-depleted zone of a eutrophic lake. It is a non-motile, euryoxic, gram negative heterotroph that grows slowly under all conditions tested. The vesicles of the gas vacuoles of the bacterium revealed by the electron microscope resemble those of other gas vacuolate prokaryotes. The taxonomy of the isolate is discussed but no names have been proposed.
Relation of ventricular-vascular coupling to exercise capacity in ischemic cardiomyopathy: a cardiac multi-modality imaging study

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between noninvasive measurements of ventricular-vascular coupling (VVC) with exercise tolerance, and compared the value of VVC versus other traditional determinants of exercise capacity in this population. 43 patients with ischemic CMP (age 59 ± 9 years, mean EF 24 ± 8%) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). VVC was defined non-invasively by the ratio of ventricular systolic elastance (Ees) to the arterial elastance (Ea), where Ees = end-systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index and Ea = end-systolic pressure/stroke volume index. VVC significantly correlated with baseline heart rate (HR), peak exercise systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption (MVO2) and peak O2 pulse (MVO2/HR). A higher VVC was associated with higher LVEF and RVEF but showed inverse relation to mitral E wave velocity. Univariate predictors of MVO2 are baseline HR, chronotropic reserve, VVC and aortic distensibility; whilst mitral E wave velocity, LVEF, VVC, Ees significantly correlated with peak O2 pulse. By stepwise multivariate analysis, VVC remained the only independent predictor of peak O2 pulse. Ventricular-vascular coupling at rest may be a clinically important parameter in predicting exercise capacity in patients with advanced heart failure, and may become an additional target for therapeutic interventions.
Multivariable systems reduction via Cauer forms

A detailed analysis and comparison of the three Cauer forms for the reduction of multivariable control systems is presented. The mathematical basis on which these techniques work is elucidated, and the superiority of the mixed form over the first and second Cauer forms is established.
Bacteremia Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

During a three-year period, Staphylococcus aureus phage type D11/83A/85 that was resistant to methicillin, cephalothin, and multiple aminoglycosides was recovered from 260 infected patients in an urban general hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. This methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was recovered from 30% of all blood cultures positive for S. aureus and represented 50% of all episodes of nosocomial bacteremia due to S. aureus. Bacteremia due to MRSA occurred most often in surgical patients (especially burn patients), occurred late in hospitalization, and was recovered frequently from wounds and intravascular catheters. Infection with S. aureus was the direct cause of death of 44% of the patients with bacteremia due to MRSA. Nine of 10 MRSA-infected patients who were treated with vancomycin alone responded to therapy compared with seven of 15 who were treated with other antistaphylococcal antibiotics (P less than 0.05). The present study defines the epidemiologic characteristics of bacteremia due to MRSA, demonstrates the virulence of MRSA, and proves that vancomycin is effective as therapy.
An integrated task management system to reduce semantic conflicts in multi-user computer-aided design:

Simultaneous multi-user computer-aided design enables teams of designers to contribute simultaneously to the same model. As multiple users make contributions to the model, all users see additions f...
Cellular and membrane events involved in the K-induced increase in water permeability of toad skin.

Exposure of the inner surface of toad skin (Bufo marinus) to high [K+] resulted in a marked (up to 7-fold) increase in water permeability (P f) that was more marked in KCl-Ringer than in K2SO4-Ringer. Although high [K+] did not clicit a maximal increase inP f, it blunted the hydrosmotic responses to vasopressin, isoproterenol and cAMP. Both “post-cAMP” inhibitors of stimulated water flow, such as diamide and vanadate, and “pre-cAMP” inhibitors, such as methohexital and propranolol, markedly reduced the K response, while exposure to Ca2+-free, KCl-Ringer did not inhibit water flow. Intramembrane particle aggregates, similar to those induced by cAMP-mediated hydrosmotic agents, were seen in the apical membrane of granular cells, just beneath thestratum corneum, in skins exposed to KCl. Available evidence indicates that cAMP might mediate, at least partially, the hydrosmotic effect of high [K+]. In contrast, a role of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, described in other cell systems depolarized with K, was not apparent in toad skin.
A NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ZOLEDRONIC ACID IN COMMERCIAL PHARMACEUTICAL INJECTIONS BY ION-EXCHANGE (IEC) HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

A new ion exchange high performance liquid chromatographic (IEC) method has been developed and validated for quantitative determination of Zoledronic acid in pharmaceutical injection dosage form. Complete separation was achieved for the parent compound Zoledronic acid, the impurities and excipients in an overall analytical run time of approximately 20 minutes. The proposed chromatographic conditions employed an isocratic elution of mobile phase at constant eluent flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 and by using a new generation Allsep® anion exchange column. A UV-Vis detector set at 215 nm was used to monitor the eluate. The 100% aqueous mobile phase consisted of only diluted formic acid without any ion-pair substance. The drug product was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photo-stability, and heat to apply the stress conditions. The method was found to be linear over the concentrations range from 0.200 to 1.200 mg mL−1(25% to 150% of Zoledronic acid concentration). The newly developed method has the requisite ac...
Influence of the Type of Basal Insulin and Other Variables on Clinical Outcomes in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

Background. Basal insulin detemir and glargine each have characteristics that may make them a superior choice in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, but there is a paucity of data on glycemic results in this population. Objective. Examination of variables associated with achievement of HbA1c goal in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Methods. The primary outcome, factors associated with achievement of HbA1c goal, was examined in a retrospective chart review. Variables, including type of basal insulin, were collected during the first year of diagnosis of patients in a pediatric diabetes clinic. Secondary outcomes included change in HbA1c, severe hypoglycemic events, and episodes of DKA. Results. 94 patients were included in the study. HbA1c at diagnosis was found to be a significant predictor of achievement of goal at 3 months () and of change in HbA1c at 3 and 12 months ( for each). Severe hypoglycemia and episodes of DKA were uncommon. Conclusions. Choice of basal insulin was not found to be a predictor of achieving HbA1c goal or of change in HbA1c over the course of the first year of diagnosis with type 1 diabetes.
3-Cyclo­hexyl­amino­propane-1-sulfonic acid hemihydrate

The biological buffer 3-cyclo­hexyl­amino­propane-1-sulfonic acid (CAPS, C9H19NO3S) crystallizes in the space group C2/c with two CAPS mol­ecules and one water mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. As is the case for other amino­sulfonic acids, CAPS is a zwitterion. Mol­ecules are linked into hydrogen-bonded dimers by inter­actions involving one of the amine protons and sulfonic acid O atoms, and these dimers are further linked through hydrogen bonding via the water mol­ecule to form layers. These layers are linked by out-of-plane hydrogen bonds involving the other amine proton.
Treatment of chronic heart failure in long-term care facilities: implications of recent heart failure guidelines recommendations

Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction has revolutionized management of heart failure and resulted in several national heart failure guidelines. However, studies have documented underutilization of these life saving drugs. Subsequently, results of other randomized clinical trials revealed the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and spironolactone in heart failure with systolic dysfunction, which prompted several other guidelines. However, all these guidelines were primarily restricted to systolic dysfunction. Heart failure is as much a geriatric syndrome as it is a cardiac. Most heart failure patients are older adults. About half of the heart failure in older adults is not associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Two recent heart failure guidelines, from the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, published respectively in September and December 2001 included recommendations for patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function and other special populations, including older adults and those at end of life. The purpose of this article is to review the relevance of these two guidelines to heart failure patients living in long-term care facilities. As our population is aging, more heart failure patients are expected to live in long-term care facilities. Appropriate evaluation and management of these patients are essential to improve quality of heart failure care in the coming decades.
Cardiac outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and electrocardiographic abnormalities.

Objective Approximately 25% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities consistent with myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI), and their cardiac prognosis remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the cardiac and all-cause mortality rate of a series of patients with SAH with ECG changes consistent with ischemia or MI. Methods Using an existing database of patients with SAH and predetermined ECG criteria for ischemia or MI, a study group of patients with abnormal ECG results within 3 days of presentation and before aneurysm surgery was identified. Database patients without abnormal ECG results served as a control group. Cardiac mortality, defined as death resulting from arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, or cardiogenic shock, was assessed by chart review. Results Of 439 patients with SAH in the database, 58 met the criteria for the study group. Forty-one of these patients were treated neurosurgically. No deaths resulting from cardiac causes occurred, and 20 patients died as a result of noncardiac causes. In a multivariable analysis, age older than 65 years and Hunt and Hess grade of at least 3 were predictive of all-cause mortality. ECG abnormalities, however, were not a statistically significant predictor. Conclusion In patients with SAH and ECG readings consistent with ischemia or MI, the risk of death resulting from cardiac causes is low, with or without aneurysm surgery. The ECG abnormalities are associated with more severe neurological injury but are not independently predictive of all-cause mortality.
Biosynthesis of multiple forms of β-endorphin in the reptile intermediate pituitary

Fractionation of the β-endorphin-sized material from freshly dissected reptile intermediate pituitaries by ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl Sephadex (SP) revealed at least three distinct forms of immunoreactive β-endorphin. These forms eluted at 0.25 M NaCl, 0.28 M NaCl, and 0.32 M NaCl and represent respectively, 6%, 65% and 29% of the total immunoreactivity. Only the 0.28 M NaCl peak and the 0.32 M NaCl peak exhibited naloxone reversible opiate bioactivity when tested in the isolated guinea pig ileum bioassay system; taking into account the molar amount of immunoreactive peptides the 0.32 M NaCl peak was 6 fold more potent than the 0.28 M NaCl peak. Intermediate pituitaries in culture were incubated with either [3H]tyrosine, [3H]arginine, or [35S]methionine for periods up to 24 hours and β-endorphin-sized peptides were prepared by immunoprecipitation and gel filtration. Fractionation of the labeled β-endorphin-sized peptides by ion exchange chromatography yielded profiles nearly identical to the immunoassay analyses of freshly dissected tissue. Further analysis of the major labeled forms of reptile β-endorphin by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 equilibrated in 6 M guanidine HCl indicated that the 0.32 M NaCl peak had an apparent molecular weight of 3500±100 and the 0.28 M NaCl peak had an apparent molecular weight of 3200±100. Furthermore, pulse/chase experiments showed that the 0.32 M NaCl peak was the precursor for the 0.28 M NaCl peak. These results coupled with the relative opiate bioactivities of the major forms argue that the principal post-translational modification of reptile β-endorphin is COOH-terminal proteolytic cleavage.
Discrete-time jackson networks

Two discrete-time counterparts of the familiar Jackson networks of queues are discussed. They are models of central- and multi-processor systems. These networks are shown to have the product form and the quasi-reversibility properties of the Jackson networks.
A study of lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of human tissues by adsorption-elution on Sephadex-DEAE.

Abstract 1. I. Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes can be separated by column chromatography on Sephadex-DEAE ®. Electrophoretically slow migrating isoenzymes are not absorbed at an ionic strength of less than 0.05 at pH 7.5. By increasing the ionic strength the different isoenzymes can be eluted in the order of their electrophoretic migration. 2. 2. A rapid and simple method for the assay of LDH isoenzymes in mixtures (serum, homogenates) using Sephadex-DEAE in an adsorption-elution type technique is described. Four isoenzymes are differentiated. 3. 3. Human tissues were assayed for their isoenzyme patterns. Tissues with high aerobic metabolism (cardiac muscle, brain, kidney) have a high content of electrophoretically fast moving isoenzymes. Electrophoretically slow moving isoenzymes predominate in skeletal muscle, amnion, synovial tissue and liver. 4. 4. It is shown that lactic dehydrogenase activity in homogenates is much higher if the isoenzymes are separated prior to assay. Enzyme determinations in homogenates may give results which correspond to less than half the true enzyme activities.
Cystoenteric Conversion and Reduction Cystoplasty for Treatment of Bladder Dysfunction After Pancreas Transplantation

ABSTRACTPurpose: Bladder drainage of pancreatic exocrine secretions during pancreas transplantation can lead to significant urological complications. Our experience with cystoenteric conversion (CEC) is reviewed with respect to safety and efficacy. Select patients underwent concurrent reduction cystoplasty.Materials and Methods: A total of 255 pancreas transplantations were performed at the University of Washington between 1990 and 2001, of which 236 were bladder drained and 33 required enteric conversion of bladder drainage. An additional patient from an outside institution required conversion. These cases were reviewed retrospectively. Of the patients 21 with large capacity (greater than 500 ml) bladders underwent concurrent reduction cystoplasty.Results: Mean age of the 20 male and 14 female patients was 44 years (range 33 to 60) and mean interval between transplantation and CEC was 4.3 years (0.6 to 9). The most frequent indication for CEC was recurrent urinary tract infections (15 of 34 cases, 44%). ...
Spared at Random: Survivor Reactions in the Gay Community1

Many gay men who have tested negative for HIV were sexually active prior to a general awareness of how HIV is transmitted. Based on the work of Lifton (1980), such HIV-negative gay men may be considered “survivors” since they have witnessed the deaths of many members of their community and have been spared. Survivors may be expected to manifest one or more of three survivor reactions: guilt about surviving (HIV-related guilt), anxiety about dying (AIDS-related death anxiety), and blunted affect. The present study employed structural equation modeling in samples of HIV-negative (N= 129) and HIV-positive (N= 95) gay men to assess psychological and behavioral variables predictive of the presence of a survivor reaction. Survivor reactions were uniquely predicted among HIV-negative gay men. The larger the number of sexual partners HIV-negative gay men reported having had prior to 1984, the more likely they were to experience a survivor reaction. Greater satisfaction with social support from gay friends, and, indirectly, gay-related community group involvement, was associated with being less likely to experience a survivor reaction.
Promoción de la salud cardiovascular global: estrategias, retos y oportunidades

Resumen Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo, y afectan no solo a paises industrializados, sino sobre todo a paises de ingresos medios-bajos, donde han superado a las enfermedades infecciosas como primera causa de muerte y su impacto amenaza al desarrollo social y economico de estas regiones. El aumento en la prevalencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares de los ultimos anos, junto con las proyecciones de mortalidad para las proximas decadas, supone un argumento irrefutable acerca del caracter urgente de implementar intervenciones bien planificadas para controlar la pandemia de enfermedades cardiovasculares, especialmente en los paises economicamente mas deprimidos. La combinacion de factores de comportamiento, sociales, medioambientales, biologicos y relacionados con sistemas de salud que contribuyen al desarrollo de la enfermedades cardiovasculares requiere una estrategia multisectorial que promueva estilos de vida saludables, reduzca los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y disminuya la mortalidad y la morbilidad a traves de servicios sanitarios de calidad. Dichas propuestas deben ser dirigidas por lideres de la comunidad cientifica, el gobierno, la sociedad civil, el sector privado y las comunidades locales.
Why Museums Matter: A Tale of Pinworms (Oxyuroidea: Heteroxynematidae) Among Pikas (Ochotona princeps and O. collaris) in the American West

Permanent and well-supported museum or natural history collections provide a solid foundation for the process of systematics research through creation of an empirical record which validates our understanding of the biosphere. We explore the role of museums in ongoing studies of the complex helminth fauna characteristic of pikas (Ochotona spp.) in the American west. These studies address the taxonomy for pinworms of the Labiostomatinae and the problems associated with the absence of adequate type series and vouchers and with misidentifications in original descriptions. We demonstrate that the types for Labiostomum (Labiostomum) coloradensis are identical to some specimens in the syntype series representing L. (Eugenuris) utahensis, although the published descriptions are in disagreement. Both are identical to L. (Eugenuris) talkeetnaeuris and, as a consequence, are reduced as junior synonyms. Only 2 species of large pinworms, namely L. (Labiostomum) rauschi and L. (Eugenuris) talkeetnaeuris, are widely distributed in Ochotona collaris and O. princeps. Although this serves to clarify the taxonomy for species in these genera, prior records remain confused, as representative voucher specimens from all major surveys in North America were never submitted to museum collections. We strongly suggest that type and voucher series should not be held in private or personal collections, where such are eventually lost, discarded, or destroyed through neglect due to inattention and the absence of curation. The potential to accumulate meaningful baselines for assessment of environmental change is jeopardized if materials from survey and inventory are not routinely submitted to museum collections. The capacity of museum repositories, as a focus for systematics, ecology, and evolutionary studies and for the development of resources for biodiversity informatics, continues to be undervalued and poorly utilized by a cadre of scientists who are dependant on accurate and definitive information that transcends specific disciplines.
Cross-linkable liposomes stabilize a magnetic resonance contrast-enhancing polymeric fastener.

Liposomes are commonly used to deliver drugs and contrast agents to their target site in a controlled manner. One of the greatest obstacles in the performance of such delivery vehicles is their stability in the presence of serum. Here, we demonstrate a method to stabilize a class of liposomes that load gadolinium, a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent, as a model cargo on their surfaces. We hypothesized that the sequential adsorption of a gadolinium-binding chitosan fastener on the liposome surface followed by covalent cross-linking of the lipid bilayer would provide enhanced stability and improved MR signal in the presence of human serum. To investigate this hypothesis, liposomes composed of diyne-containing lipids were assembled and functionalized via chitosan conjugated with a hydrophobic anchor and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). This postadsorption cross-linking strategy served to stabilize the thermodynamically favorable association between liposome and polymeric fastener. Furthermore,...
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can detect early vascular changes in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM)

Adult studies have shown that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can image vascular changes including altered aortic compliance and early plaque which correlates well with Framingham risk score and endothelial function. Impaired endothelial function, measured with brachial artery reactivity testing, is recognized as an early and modulating process in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaque development. No CMR imaging studies of early atherosclerosis and vascular health exist in diabetic pediatric populations. This prospective pilot CMR proof of concept study hypothesized that children with T1DM will have thoracic aortic wall characteristics, as well as CMR-derived aortic computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, different from age-matched control subjects. Furthermore, a positive correlation was sought between key CMR data and brachial artery reactivity measures, as well as cardiac venous biomarkers in T1DM. 7 control and 8 T1DM pediatric subjects had same-day fasting CMR scan, brachial artery testing, and venous blood draw (for lipid panel, HgbA1c, glucose, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-cRP), fibrinogen, and homocysteine). Enrolled T1DM and control subjects were similar: age (14.5 ±1.7 versus (vs.) 15.2 ± 2.7 years), sex (4 male and 4 female T1DM vs. 5 male and 2 female controls), weight (55.7 ± 14.8 vs. 67.6 ± 23.5 kg), body mass index (20.8 ± 4.3 vs. 23.1 ± 5.7 kg/m2) and systolic blood pressure (113 ± 11.4 vs. 116 ± 8.8). They had no significant differences in lipid values, fibrinogen, or hs-cRP, but did differ with regard to glucose (182.1 ± 100.8 vs. 85.4 ± 5.7, p < 0.02), HgbA1c (9.0 ± 2.2 vs. 5.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), and homocysteine (4.3 ± 0.6 vs. 5.7 ± 1.0, p < 0.04). While brachial artery reactivity did not change with age, CMR determined ascending aortic (AAo) compliance decreased with increasing age in T1DM (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.09), but not for controls. In T1DM, CMR determined ascending aortic (AAo) compliance declined, as hs-cRP increased (R2 = 0.66, p < 0.05).No other significant correlations existed between AAo compliance and venous biomarkers. Preliminary qualitative analyses of aortic CFD models show different patterns of aortic wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index (OSI) for T1DM versus age-matched control pediatric subjects (Figure ​(Figure1).1). In conclusion, this pilot CMR study of T1DM and control pediatric subjects illustrates that early differences in vascular characteristics can be detected by MRI and correlate with age and with select venous biomarkers. Figure 1
Cryoprotection in hearts as measured by CPK.

Abstract Rat hearts were treated with a cryoprotectant solution composed of glycerol and DMSO in concentrations ranging from 10–25% v v , and then frozen in liquid nitrogen. Creatine phosphokinase activity was then measured spectrophotometrically and activities were compared with activities of frozen-untreated hearts, unfrozen-treated hearts, and unfrozen-untreated hearts. Independently freezing or treating increased enzyme activity, but when hearts were treated and then frozen, activity diminished below that of the unfrozen-untreated group. Evidence suggests (1) DMSO-glycerol solution either has a toxic effect that increases with concentration and freezing additionally aggravates this effect, or the concentrations of cryoprotectants used do not adequately protect the tissue during freezing which causes damage to the contractile mechanism; and (2) the anoxic state of the tissue causes depletion of ATP and creatine phosphate such that creatine phosphokinase is inactive or not able to function.
Cl-derived argon isotope production in the CLICIT facility of OSTR reactor and the effects of the Cl-correction in 40Ar/39Ar geochronology

Abstract The production of 36Ar from Cl during neutron irradiation of samples for 40Ar/39Ar dating can compromise the determination of radiogenic versus atmospheric 40Ar, resulting in spuriously young computed ages. An accurate correction for Cl-derived 36Ar requires knowing the nucleogenic production ratio P(36Cl/38Cl) resulting from (n, γ) reactions on 35Cl and 37Cl. P(36Cl/38Cl) can be derived from Ar isotope analysis of irradiated Cl-bearing compounds. Results from NaCl and KCl irradiated in the Cd-lined facility of OSTR reactor yield P(36Cl/38Cl) = 262.8 ± 1.7 and 252.7 ± 1.8 (respectively), distinctly lower than 2 previous determinations from other reactors without Cd-shielding. The Cl-correction for samples irradiated in this reactor facility is consequently smaller than would be made using previous P(36Cl/38Cl) values, but large enough to be non-negligible in some cases.
A Preliminary Computer Pattern Analysis of Satellite Images of Mature Extratropical Cyclones

This study has applied computerized pattern analysis techniques to the location and classification of features of several mature extratropical cyclones that were depicted in GOES satellite images. These features include the location of the center of the cyclone vortex core and the location of the associated occluded front. The cyclone type was classified in accord with the scheme of Troup and Streten. The present analysis was implemented on a personal computer; results were obtained within approximately one or two minutes without the intervention of an analyst.