cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adhesion and reliability of interfaces in cemented total joint arthroplasties.

Debonding of the prosihctielpolymelhylmcthacrylate interface has been implicated in the initial failure process of cemented total hip arthroplasties. However, little quantitative understanding of the debonding process, as well as of the optimum interface morphology for enhanced resistance to debonding, exists. Accordingly, a fracture-mechanics approach has been used in which adhesion at the interface is characterized in terms of the interface fracture energy. G (J/m2), and shown to be a strong function of the morphology, debonding length, and loading mode of the interface. Double-cantilever-beam and four-point-flexure fracture-mechanics samples containing four clinically relevant prosthetic surface preparations were prepared to survey a range of interface roughness and loading modes. Adhesion at the interface could not be characterized with a single-valueu material property but was found to exhibit resistance-curve behavior in which resistance to debonding increased with both the initialdebond extension and the roughness of the interface. Values of debonding. initiation. Go, were relatively insensitive to the roughness of the surface and the loading mode, whereas steady-state fracture resistance of the interface. Gss, increased significantly with the roughness and shear loading of the interface. These quantitative results suggest that debonding of the prosthetic/polymethyl methacrylate interface may be primarily attributed to surface interactions such as interlocking and the pullout of rough asperities thai occur behind the debond tip. A simple mechanics analysis of such interactions was performed and revealed increases in the fracture resistance of the interface that were consistent with experimentally measured values.
Norepinephrine depletion alters cerebral oxidative metabolism in the "active" state.

Summary Unilateral chemical lesion of the nucleus locus coeruleus in rats produced unilateral depletion of ipsilateral cortical norepinephrine. Norepinephrine depletion was not associated with changes in ‘resting’ metabolic balance of the cerebral cortex, as determined by in situ reflection spectrophotometry of the redox state of cytochrome oxidase. Norepinephrine depletion, however, caused slowing of the transient metabolic response to sudden increases in energy demand produced by direct cortical electrical stimulation. The effect was apparent in the redox state of both cytochrome oxidase and NAD, the latter being measured, also in situ, by reflection microfluorometry. These results demonstrate that norepinephrine has a role in modulating the response to increased metabolic demand in the corebral cortex. Norepinephrine may mediate its effect by potentiating Na + , K + -ATPase or through its effects on vascular reactivity, or both.
MAP Kinases Mediate UVB-induced Phosphorylation of Histone H3 at Serine 28

Histone H3 phosphorylation is related closely to chromatin remodeling and chromosome condensation. H3 phosphorylation at serine 28 is coupled with mitotic chromosome condensation in diverse mammalian cell lines. However, the pathway that mediates phosphorylation of H3 at serine 28 is unknown. In the present study, ERK1, ERK2, or p38 kinase strongly phosphorylated H3 at serine 28in vitro. JNK1 or JNK2 was able also to phosphorylate H3 at serine 28 in vitro but to a lesser degree. UVB irradiation markedly induced phosphorylation of H3 at serine 28 in JB6 Cl 41 cells. PD 98059, a MEK1 inhibitor, and SB 202190, a p38 kinase inhibitor, efficiently repressed UVB-induced H3 phosphorylation at serine 28. Expression of dominant negative mutant (DNM) ERK2 in JB6 Cl 41 cells totally blocked UVB-induced phosphorylation of H3 at serine 28. Additionally, DNM p38 kinase or DNM JNK1 partially blocked UVB-induced H3 phosphorylation at serine 28. Furthermore, UVB-induced H3 phosphorylation at serine 28 was inhibited inJnk1 −/− cells but not inJnk2 −/− cells. These results suggest that UVB-induced H3 phosphorylation at serine 28 may be mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Experimental demonstration of adaptive combinational QoT failure restoration in flexible bandwidth networks

We propose and demonstrate an adaptive quality of transmission restoration scheme combining methods of lightpath rerouting and modulation format switching to combat real-time impairments in flexible bandwidth networks. Testbed demonstration achieved error-free performance.
Multiple metal binding cores are required for metalloregulation by M-box riboswitch RNAs

Riboswitches are regulatory RNAs that control downstream gene expression in response to direct association with intracellular metabolites or metals. Typically, riboswitch aptamer domains bind to a single small-molecule metabolite. In contrast, an X-ray crystallographic structural model for the M-box riboswitch aptamer revealed the absence of an organic metabolite ligand but the presence of at least six tightly associated magnesiums. This observation agrees well with the proposed role of the M-box riboswitch in functioning as a sensor of intracellular magnesium, although additional nonspecific metal interactions are also undoubtedly required for these purposes. To gain greater functional insight into the metalloregulatory capabilities of M-box RNAs, we sought to determine whether all or a subset of the RNA-chelated magnesium ions were required for riboswitch function. To accomplish this task, each magnesium-binding site was simultaneously yet individually perturbed through random incorporation of phosphorothioate nucleotide analogues, and RNA molecules were investigated for their ability to fold in varying levels of magnesium. These data revealed that all of the magnesium ions observed in the structural model are important for magnesium-dependent tertiary structure formation. Additionally, these functional data revealed a new core of potential metal-binding sites that are likely to assist formation of key tertiary interactions and were previously unobserved in the structural model. It is clear from these data that M-box RNAs require specific binding of a network of metal ions for partial fulfillment of their metalloregulatory functions.
Exporter behavior, country size and stage of development : evidence from the exporter dynamics database

This paper presents new data on the micro structure of the export sector for 45 countries and studies how exporter behavior varies with country size and stage of development. Larger countries and more developed countries have more exporters, larger exporters, and a greater share of exports controlled by the top 5 percent. The extensive margin (more firms) plays a greater role than the intensive margin (average size) in supporting exports of larger countries. In contrast, the intensive margin is relatively more important in explaining the exports of richer countries. Exporter entry and exit rates are higher and entrant survival is lower at an early stage of development. The paper discusses the results in light of trade theories with heterogeneous firms and the empirical literature on resource allocation, firm size, and development. An implication from the findings is that developing countries export less because the top of the firm-size distribution is truncated.
Group interaction constructs for hands-on LAN projects: an initial investigation

Group work has long been an effective approach to solving organizational problems and making high quality management decisions. This has been particularly true for information systems projects. This research effort attempts to define the constructs for group interaction as it pertains to small groups (i.e. 3-7 members). The subjects were students who were placed into groups and then assigned a short technology-intensive LAN building project. Five constructs were identified as comprising group interaction for IT projects, including: 1) group cohesion; 2) group communication problems; 3) group conflict; 4) member encouragement; and 5) group leadership. These factors were then contrasted with previous research on group interaction where the groups faced an intellectual (decision making) task, not a short technology-intensive task. The factors comprising the constructs from the two studies were different.
Purified cultures of keratin-positive olfactory epithelial cells: identification of a subset as neuronal supporting (sustentacular) cells.

The mammalian olfactory neuroepithelium, lining part of the nasal cavity, retains into adulthood progenitor cells for the olfactory receptor neurons and other cell types in the epithelium. The details of cellular lineage relationships are not completely under stood. In particular, the exact nature of the interactions between several progenitor cell types and their relationship to neurons is not known. Studies of this system have been hampered by the lack of cell culture models and insufficient cell-type-specific markers. Antibodies to the cytokeratins are fairly specific markers for one potential progenitor cell type, the dark basal cells of the olfactory epithelium. Keratin immunostaining was used to develop cell culture systems which contained large numbers of putative dark basal cells, using the soft nasal mucosal tissues of both newborn and adult rats. Media and substrate conditions were optimized. The conditions which sup ported growth of keratin-positive nasal cells for greater than one month, and allowed partial purification, suggested similarities between olfactory and skin keratinocytes. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody specific for sustentacular cells (SUS-1) showed a subset of these cells present in culture, with some cells double-labelled with anti-keratin. This staining confirms the olfactory origin of at least a subset of the cells, and supports the proposal that the majority of cells were the dark olfactory basal cells. This culture system gives novel insights into olfactory epithelial cell physiology, and allows culture of these cells for further studies examining regulation of differentiation.
Characterization of laminin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression in mouse spermatogenic cells.

A cDNA proposed to encode the mouse laminin receptor (MLR) was isolated from a mouse round spermatid expression library. The cDNA contained complete coding and 3' untranslated regions but was missing the first 42 bases from the 5' untranslated region. Northern blot analysis using a 3' EcoRI fragment of the cDNA identified a 1.2-kb transcript in mouse testes and all somatic tissues tested. Additional transcripts of 1.3 and 0.9 kb were present in round spermatids isolated from mouse testes. Northern blots using ribonuclease (RNase) H treated poly(A) + RNA indicated that the difference in the size of 1.3-kb round spermatid transcripts and 1.2-kb transcripts was due to differing poly(A) ® tail lengths. The 0.9-kb round spermatid transcript hybridized to all but the 5' end of the 1.2-kb MLR cDNA, suggesting that an alternate start site is used or that transcript processing occurs in these cells. Immunoblot analysis identified proteins in spermatogenic cells corresponding to the 67-70-kDa MLR and its 43-kDa precursor. In addition, ligand binding studies and affinity chromatography procedures indicated that spermatogenic cell proteins of these sizes bind laminin. However, spermatocytes and spermatids are spatially isolated from laminin in the testes, and MLR may have other functions in these cells.
Closed-loop recruitment and frequency modulation of antagonistic muscles during co-activation in FNS

Coactivation of electrically antagonistic muscles provides resistance to external disturbances and continuity of bidirectional activation. A closed-loop controller for simultaneous pulse-width (PW) and stimulus-period (SP) modulation during cocontraction of antagonists has been developed. This PW+SP controller consists of a modified proportional-plus-integral (PI) control law and an SP modulation algorithm that modulates the stimulus frequency of the antagonists in a push-pull manner. The control algorithm is evaluated for the control of joint position and load transition using a cat hindlimb. Faster net force production in the desired direction and improved performance were achieved when compared with the PI controller with PW modulation alone. >
Safety and immunogenicity of escalating dosages of a single oral administration of peru-15 pCTB, a candidate live, attenuated vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) organisms are a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in developing countries. A live, attenuated cholera strain that expresses high levels of the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin, which might also serve as an ETEC protective antigen, was evaluated for safety, excretion, and immunogenicity in healthy volunteers. We enrolled four inpatient dose-escalation cohorts of 15 to 16 eligible subjects to randomly (3:1) receive a single oral dose of vaccine or placebo (buffer alone), evaluating 1 ×107, 1 ×108, 1 ×109, and 1 ×1010 CFU of the vaccine. The vaccine was well tolerated, although some subjects experienced moderate diarrhea. The serum Inaba vibriocidal antibody response appeared to display a dose-response relationship with increasing dosages of vaccine, plateauing at the 109-CFU dosage. The serum antitoxin (cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin) antibody seroconversion rate (4-fold increase over baseline) also appeared to display a dose-response relationship. The vaccine strain was excreted in stool cultures, displaying a dose-response relationship. A single oral dose of Peru-15 pCTB at dosages up to 1 ×1010 CFU was safe and immunogenic in this first-in-human trial. These encouraging data support the ongoing clinical development of this candidate combined cholera and ETEC vaccine. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00654108.)
Bar Politics, Judicial Selection and the Representation of Social Interests

In modern political systems, parties undertake the prime responsibility for nominating public office holders, while interest groups attempt to influence public policy by seeking access to the centers of governmental power.' Yet recent developments in the selection of state judges have given a private interest group, the Bar, a role in choosing members of the Bench which, in essence, parallels that of traditional party organizations.2 A Plan developed by the American Bar Association and the American Judicature Society, first adopted by Missouri in 1940,3 grants the legal profession a direct,
Studies of the 'hook' effect in the one-step sandwich immunoassay.

Abstract The one-step sandwich immunoassay is increasingly replacing the traditional two-step immunoassay due to obvious advantages such as assay speed. However, the one-step sandwich immunoassay suffers from the ‘hook’ effect irrespective of the analyte characteristics. The ‘hook’ effect is dependent primarily on the analyte concentration. Three different model analytes, human growth hormone (hGH), the dimeric form of hGH (D-hGH, having a discrete number of repeating epitopes) and ferritin (multiple epitopes) having different immunological properties have been employed in studies of the one-step sandwich immunoassay. The characteristics of each of the model analytes offer new insights into general guidelines for assay procedures. These guidelines permit rapid optimization of assay conditions for an immunoassay without a priori knowledge of the immunological characteristics of the antibody or antigen. Both experimental and theoretical data show several instances where high capacity solid-phase antibodies can effectively shift the ‘hook’ to relatively higher analyte concentrations. The effect of the concentration of labeled antibody on assay response was examined theoretically.
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER SOLDIER PILE RETAINING WALLS IN STIFF CLAYS AND CLAYSTONES

The T-REX Project is a $1.67 billion project in the Denver Metropolitan area that consists of approximately 19 miles of a new Light Rail Transit (LRT) line, and improvements to approximately 17 miles of two interstate highways. Several miles of new retaining walls were required to provide for widened roadways and new light rail track. Because the right-of-way was restricted, tied-back walls were often infeasible, and so cantilever caisson walls with heights of over 30 feet and diameters up to 4 feet were employed. The caisson walls represented a considerable expense to the design-build team, and significant studies were performed to optimize the design. Foundation conditions along most of the alignment consisted primarily of stiff clays and relatively weak claystone, often with moderate to high swell potential. A study of design methods available for walls in these materials indicates that uncertainties exist in selecting the appropriate long-term loading, soil strength, and even the method of analysis for design of long-term soldier pile walls. This paper describes the evaluation of the uncertainty and selection of a design approach for the project.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases (ERKS) 1, 2, and 3

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)1–4 are protein kinases participating in numerous signal transduction pathways. The two best studied of these, ERK1 and ERK2, are known as MAP kinases and were first identified as 43 and 41 kDa, hormonally stimulated enzymes that used microtubule-associated protein-2 and myelin basic protein as substrates 5–8 in addition to these two proteins they recognize a varied group of substrates many of which are known to have important regulatory functions, including protein kinases 9–12, membrane receptors 3, 14, transcriptional factors 15, 16 and cytoskeletal proteins 1–19, indicating a pleiotropic mode of action. It has been suggested that these enzymes cause aberrant phosphorylation of tau that occurs in Alzheimer’s disease. Among the earliest studies of these enzymes were ones documenting their activation by insulin in terminally differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as ones demonstrating that they are activated at the transition of cells from G0 to G1 5, 6, 20–26, 33
Time-resolved cardiac CT reconstruction using the ensemble Kalman Filter

We propose an algorithm to solve the problem of Time-Resolved Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT). The algorithm reconstructs a snapshot of the moving heart at any time instant from CT projection data acquired over a single heart-cycle. The object is modeled by a spatio-temporal state-space model, and an ensemble Kalman Filter (a Monte-Carlo approximation to the Kalman filter) is used to assimilate the sequentially acquired projection data. Simulation results of the dynamic NCAT cardiac phantom, under the fan-beam geometry and a two-source CT system, show reconstructions that are free of the motion artifacts that mar conventional methods.
Design Considerations for Deep Patch Embankment Repair with Geosynthetics

Deep patch embankment repair with geosynthetics (DPERG) is a cost-effective and sustainable method of mitigating roadway embankment damage associated with shallow slumping of the outside shoulder. DPERG is a shallow embankment repair that consists of subexcavating 3 to 6 ft (1 to 2 m) and backfilling with granular material and layers of geosynthetic reinforcement that are vertically spaced 6 to 24 in. (150 to 600 mm). DPERG is constructed either half width or full width, depending on the extent of roadway distress. Use of the deep patch on federally owned roads in the Pacific Northwest dates back to the 1980s. Recent research has improved understanding of soil–geosynthetic interaction, and this knowledge has led to improved DPERG performance and a reduction in DPERG costs. This paper summarizes design and construction recommendations gained from this recent research and experiences with hundreds of DPERGs constructed on Western Federal Lands Highway Division projects in the Pacific Northwest.
Optimizing antiviral therapy for influenza: understanding the evidence

Influenza is an important cause of annual epidemics of respiratory viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Three classes of drugs, the M2 ion channel, neuraminidase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Due to widespread resistance to the class, the M2 ion channel inhibitors are not recommended currently for therapy. The only polymerase inhibitor, favipiravir, is approved only in Japan and its use is highly restricted. Despite significant data to support the early use of the neuraminidase inhibitors, their use in all patient populations is suboptimal. The data to support the early use of neuraminidase inhibitors will be reviewed, as will current data on the utilization rates in ambulatory and hospitalized populations.
Effect of Ribose on Mature/Immature Raw Peanut Proteins and Their Allergenic Properties

Mature and immature roasted peanuts are reportedly different in the level of Maillard reaction adducts (MRA) and IgE binding (i.e., allergenic capacity). Heating and sugar-protein interaction are the cause for the difference. The objective of this study was to determine if mature and immature raw peanuts (not roasted) are also different through treatment with a reducing sugar such as ribose, glucose or fructose at a mild temperature. Extracts from mature and immature raw peanuts were treated with individual sugars at 37?C and 50?C, respectively, for 0 - 10 days, and then assayed for MRA with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in a time-course manner for 60 min. IgE binding was determined in an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a pooled plasma from peanut-allergic individuals. Of the sugars tested, only ribose produced a big difference or a unique curve pattern in MRA between treated mature and immature peanuts. The unique curve pattern was more pronounced at 50?C (day 5 - 10) than at 37?C. IgE binding under this condition increased, but only with the ribose-treated mature raw peanut. It was concluded that mature and immature raw peanuts were different in MRA and IgE binding when treated with ribose only, and that under such a condition, mature and immature raw peanuts could be identified.
Beyond Reductionism: Narrative Genres in Divorce Accounts

AbstractThere is an inevitable connection between reduction-our need to simplify and order-and representation-our dependence on words and images to stand for what we see and feel. Using divorce as an example, I examine the consequences of three forms of representation and compare what we learn from symptom counts, from lists of marital complaints, and from narrative accounts of mar-riage. All three forms involve reduction and selection, but narratives privilege the teller's language and way of organizing experience into talk. Yet narrative theory has been constrained by its primary focus on the story. Drawing on research interviews, I display various genres within the narrative medium: habit-ual and hypothetical narratives and an approach-avoidance narrative, in addi-tion to stories. Each has a distinctive style and structure and each persuades differently. As a way of dealing with the reductionism of narrative theory, we need to open up our definitions of narrative to include these and other forms. (Qualitative Sociology)
Compressed Regression

Recent research has studied the role of sparsity in high dimensional regression and signal reconstruction, establishing theoretical limits for recovering sparse models from sparse data. In this paper we study a variant of this problem where the original n input variables are compressed by a random linear transformation to m ≪ n examples in p dimensions, and establish conditions under which a sparse linear model can be successfully recovered from the compressed data. A primary motivation for this compression procedure is to anonymize the data and preserve privacy by revealing little information about the original data. We characterize the number of random projections that are required for l1-regularized compressed regression to identify the nonzero coefficients in the true model with probability approaching one, a property called "sparsistence." In addition, we show that l1-regularized compressed regression asymptotically predicts as well as an oracle linear model, a property called "persistence." Finally, we characterize the privacy properties of the compression procedure in information-theoretic terms, establishing upper bounds on the rate of information communicated between the compressed and uncompressed data that decay to zero.
The Application and Effectiveness of SEC Rule 144

The purpose of this Article is to examine the effectiveness from both an analytical and public policy perspective of rule 144 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act). Although the rule generally has served to ease the burdens of persons seeking to resell their securities without sacrificing investor protection, there remain a number of troublesome concerns. This Article analyzes rule 144's scope, its effectiveness as a safe harbor mechanism, and the public policy concerns implicated.
Clinical Trial of a New Bleeding-time Device

The authors report a clinical trial comparing a new bleeding time device (Simplate II) with the Mielke Template. Bleeding times were determined at the same time on the same arm using the two devices. Subjects of the study were 24 healthy volunteers, before and two hours after ingestion of 975 mg aspirin, and 28 patients. For the normal subjects the mean pre-aspirin bleeding times were 4.75 +/- 1.42 minutes (1 SD) with the Simplate II and 3.65 +/- 1.22 minutes with the Mielke Template. The mean bleeding times two hours after ingestion of aspirin were 7.86 +/- 2.76 minutes with the Simplate II and 7.84 +/- 2.94 minutes with the Template. The pre- and the post-aspirin values with the two devices were not significantly different from each other, nor were the bleeding times obtained in the patients with the two devices. The extents of scarring were similar with the two devices. The results were highly reproducible by both methods. The new device was simpler and more rapid to use.
Isolation and structure of pedilstatin from a Republic of Maldives Pedilanthus sp.

A new cancer cell growth inhibitor designated pedilstatin (1) was isolated from a Republic of Maldives Pedilanthus sp. The structure was determined to be 13-O-acetyl-12-O-[2‘Z,4‘E-octadienoyl]-4α-deoxyphorbol on the basis of high-resolution mass spectral and 2D NMR assignments. Pedilstatin was found to significantly inhibit growth of the P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line with an ED50 of 0.28 μg/mL, to afford, at concentrations of 2−5 μM, protection (to 80%) of human-derived lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells from infection and cell-killing by HIV-1, and to show inhibition of protein kinase C with a Ki of 620 ± 20 nM.
Engaged Buddhist Practice and Ecological Ethics: Challenges and Reformulations

Engaged Buddhist approaches to an ecological ethics can be read as a case study of the reinvention of Buddhism within the matrix of Western cultures. Three challenges have been raised to these efforts: first, engaged Buddhists have projected back onto the early Buddhist tradition modern formulations of ancient teachings in particular that of dependent co-arising (pratitya samutpada); second, Buddhists associated with the deep ecology movement have offered a form of holism that is “ethically vacuous;” third, while Buddhist virtue ethics are immune to some of these criticisms, they fail in face of the urgency of the challenge presented by climate change and do not offer a way of addressing entrenched power that impedes action. The article takes up each of these challenges and argues that these Buddhist “Eco-constructivists” perform a midrash on the Buddhist tradition that is geared towards praxis; it offers forms of practice that are hardly ethically vacuous.
Carbonization Performance of PAN Precursor and Pre-oxidized Fiber in Strong Magnetic Field

PAN precursor and 280℃ pre-oxidized fiber were induced to align for 30min under 12Tstrong magnetic field,respectively.The results showed that strong magnetic field can improve the orientation structure of PAN precursor and the amorphous area was more sensitive to strong magnetic field.It can also accelerate the pre-oxidization reaction rate. It could strengthen the weak filament effectively and reduce the degree of dispersion of strength,but has little effect on the overall strength.The strong magnetic field could increase the crystal size when 280℃ pre-oxidized fiber was treated.The result showed that not only the degree of dispersion of strength reduced,but also the carbon fiber overall strength increased.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Using a Bilayer Collagen Membrane with Bone Graft and Anteromedialization of the Tibial Tubercle for the Treatment of a Large Osteochondral Defect in the Lateral Knee Trochlea: A Case Report.

Case: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an established technique for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the knee. For larger lesions with a substantial amount of bone loss, ACI using a bilayer collagen membrane with bone-grafting has been demonstrated to offer good to excellent results in the tibiofemoral joint, but little has been reported on its use in the patellofemoral joint. We report on the 2-year follow-up of this technique of ACI with bone-grafting used for the treatment of a large osteochondral defect in the lateral aspect of the trochlea of the knee in an 18-year-old, active female patient. Conclusion: This case illustrates that ACI with bone-grafting using such a “sandwich” technique can be an effective treatment option for osteochondral lesions of the trochlea in the knee.
Update needs time: Scalable update to system data-structures

Procrastination has been a powerful technique to enable scalable data-structure access. RCU enables read-only data-structure operations to avoid explicit synchronization, thus to scale well with an ever-increasing number of cores. However, updates often require complicated synchronization between readers and updaters that does not scale well with more cores, and introduces undesirable latency spikes. During updates, memory reclamation is delayed until a future point when it is safe.In this talk, we'll introduce a technique that uses local access to time as a global ordering on events to make updates cheap for preemptive systems. We'll discuss the multiple ways we've used time to synchronize between cores, thus minimizing shared memory synchronization.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a problem that confronts all physicians involved in primary patient care. It continues as one of the most common acute medical management problems, leads to substantial morbidity and mortality, and presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the physician. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to discuss initial assessment, diagnosis, management, and, where possible, prevention.
Los Duenos de Mexico: Power and Masculinity in ’68

In the midst of the Mexican Economic Miracle that had begun in the 1940s, Mexico, the first Spanish speaking nation to host the Olympics, appeared to be at a critical juncture to enter the developed world without the student troubles that had plagued developed nations in the late 1960s. By hosting the Olympics, Mexico planned to introduce the world to its culture but also to its entrance into the modern world.1 In July of 1968, President Diaz Ordaz welcomed international journalists, arriving to report on the time trials, to a country with stadiums, metro lines, international hotels, and luxury tourist spots. Despite all the preparations to showcase Mexican culture and modernity, a crisis brewed in the city.
Universities, in the History of the Social Sciences

The social sciences were incorporated into university curricula from the twelfth century onwards, but in forms and guises that elude quick detection. Their nature as disciplines or knowledge domains was divided between the two ‘faculty’ structures of liberal and professional education, and was generally subordinate to their purposes. Their emergence as modern or distinct disciplines with their own priorities, methods, and aims occurred intermittently throughout the early modern period of European history. However, it is in the Enlightenment that a ‘science of society’ starts to take shape, and only in the nineteenth century that subjects such as psychology, economics, sociology, and anthropology separate completely from law, history, and philosophy. Their fuller legitimacy as members of the pantheon of university learning is nevertheless achieved within the early decades of the twentieth century, depending upon discipline, institutional type, and country. The flowering of the academic social sciences was greatly aided by the evolution of the nation-state with its industrial base, urban populations, plural and mass cultures, and attendant social problems. In addressing issues of critical importance to modern society with methods both theoretical and practical, the social sciences were foremost in connecting universities to national policies and objectives. Hence they were greatly if not exclusively responsible for the university–state involvement that has since occurred.
Characterization of Potential Springs in the Lower Colorado Desert of Southern California using Satellite Radar and Landsat Time Series Analysis

Renewable energy development in southern California is receiving increasing attention due to potential impacts on wildlife habitats and water sources. This study was designed to quantify and map, for the first time, sub-surface water sources from springs in the Lower Colorado Desert area of southern California using satellite radar data and 30 years of Landsat satellite image data. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data was used to identify sub-surface water sources not already documented as springs or seeps in the National Hydrography Database. Landsat imagery starting in 1985 was used to characterize vegetation growth patterns at these suspected spring locations detected from SAR analysis. Results showed a total of 104 potential spring locations across the Lower Colorado Desert study area, 19 of which were detected within Solar Energy Zone (SEZ) development boundaries, roughly evenly split between Riverside East and Imperial East, and 13 of which (both inside and outside SEZs) showed relatively high green vegetation index values over the period of 1985 to 2015 that would depend on non-precipitation water sources associated with active springs.
Compound hazards yield Louisiana flood

On 11 August 2016, a severe weather system dropped 433 mm of rain in about 72 hours, triggering widespread flooding in southern Louisiana. This flood damaged at least 60,000 homes, required evacuation of more than 20,000 people, and led to 13 deaths ([ 1 ][1]). At one point, the Amite river crest
A Mitochondrial Perspective of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses several clinical syndromes, most notably emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Most of the current treatments fail to attenuate severity and progression of the disease, thereby requiring better mechanistic understandings of pathogenesis to develop disease-modifying therapeutics. A number of theories on COPD pathogenesis have been promulgated wherein an increase in protease burden from chronic inflammation, exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species and the resulting oxidant injury, or superfluous cell death responses caused by enhanced cellular injury/damage were proposed as the culprit. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and together likely represent the multifaceted biological processes involved in COPD pathogenesis. Recent studies demonstrate that mitochondria are involved in innate immune signaling that plays important roles in cigarette smoke-induced inflammasome activation, pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling responses. These responses are reviewed herein and synthesized into a view of COPD pathogenesis whereby mitochondria play a central role.
Examining the role of positive drinking consequences on the relationship between social anxiety and negative drinking consequences

ABSTRACTPositive drinking consequences are gaining more attention in the college student drinking literature due to their degree of saliency in predicting hazardous drinking. However, the research is limited on the relationship between psychological constructs, such as social anxiety, and positive drinking consequences. The current study explored the moderating role of positive drinking consequences on the relationship between social anxiety and negative drinking consequences in a sample of hazardous drinking college students. A sample of 222 hazardous drinking undergraduate students completed measures of social anxiety and positive and negative drinking consequences. As predicted, social anxiety and positive consequences were positively related to negative consequences. Contrary to our predictions, interaction results revealed that students with more social anxiety reported more negative consequences when they reported fewer rather than more positive consequences. Thus, students with more social anxiety ...
Unbiased Language Assessment: Contributions of Linguistic Theory

This review addresses several situations of language learning to make concrete the issue of fairness—and justice—that arises in designing assessments. First, I discuss the implications of dialect variation in American English, asking how assessment has taken dialect into consideration. Second, I address the question of how to assess the distributed knowledge of bilingual or dual-language learners. The evaluation of the language skills of children growing up in poverty asks whether the current focus on the quantity of caregiver input is misplaced. Third, I address a special case in which the young speakers of a minority language, Romani, are judged to be unfit for schooling because they fail tests in the state language. Finally, I examine the difficult issue of language assessments in countries with multiple official languages and few resources. In each of these areas, the involvement and expertise of linguists are essential for knowing how the grammar works and what might be important to assess.
Density of immunogenic antigens and presence or absence of the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in metastatic melanoma.

3002 Background: Patients with melanoma can be categorized based on the presence or absence of a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment. The presence of baseline CD8+T cells is associated with clinical benefit to immunotherapies, including anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4. The molecular mechanism explaining lack of a T-cell infiltrate in a major subset are poorly understood, but differential expression of immunogenic antigens has been proposed as one explanation. Methods: Using the TCGA data set for malignant melanoma, the T cell-inflamed gene expression signature was used to segregate patients by immune phenotype. Three categories of antigens were examined: cancer-testis (CT) antigens, differentiation antigens, and somatic mutational antigens. Results: By transcriptional profiling, no difference was observed in levels of CT antigens or differentiation antigens. Using exome sequencing of tumor versus germline, a range of 18 to 3001 of non-synonymous mutations was observed in both cohorts. Using the syfpeithi algor...
Abstract 376: Amino Terminal C0-C1f Region of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C is Essential for Normal Cardiac Function

Rationale: Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a trans-filament protein that has been shown to regulate cardiac function via its amino terminal (N’) regions. However, it is unknown whether the first 271 residues (C0-C1f region) are necessary to regulate contractile function in vivo. Hypothesis: The N’-region of cMyBP-C is critical for proper cardiac function in vivo. Methods and Results: Transgenic mice with approximately 80% expression of mutant truncated cMyBP-C missing C0-C1f (cMyBP-C 110kDa ), compared to endogenous cMyBP-C, were generated and characterized at 3-months of age. cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts had significantly elevated heart weight/body weight ratio, fibrosis, nuclear area and collagen content compared to hearts from non-transgenic (NTG) littermates. Electron microscopic analysis revealed normal sarcomere structure in cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts but with apparently weaker cMyBP-C stripes. Furthermore, the ability of cMyBP-C to slow actin-filament sliding within the C-zone of native thick filaments isolated from NTG hearts was lost on thick filaments from cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts. Short axis M-mode echocardiography revealed a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) internal diameter during diastole in cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts. Importantly, cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts displayed a significant reduction in fractional shortening compared to hearts from NTG littermates. We further observed a decrease in the thickness of the LV interventricular septum and free wall during systole in cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts. Strain analysis using images acquired from ECG-Gated Kilohertz Visualization identified a significant deficit in global longitudinal strain in cMyBP-C 110kDa hearts compared to NTG hearts. Conclusion: The N’-region of cMyBP-C is indispensable for maintaining normal cardiac morphology and function and loss of this region promotes contractile dysfunction both at the molecular and tissue levels.
Portfolio Techniques for Corporate Strategic Planning

This technical note describes, compares, and contrasts the strategic-planning techniques developed by the Boston Consulting Group, McKinsey, and Arthur D. Little consulting firms in the mid-1970s. The approaches were developed to classify the businesses within a diversified firm in order to decide which businesses to fund for growth. The assumptions and philosophies underlying each approach are contrasted, as are the consultants' relationships with client firms.
New County Records of Little Brown and Northern Long-Eared Bats in Georgia

Abstract Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Bat) and Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Bat) are 2 species of North American bat that currently are experiencing extreme population declines because of white-nose syndrome (WNS). The state of Georgia lies at the southeastern tip of both of these species' reported ranges, though current records are sparse. Previously, Little Brown Bats had been recorded in only 5 Georgia counties and Northern Long-eared Bats in 9 counties. New records provided herein expand the known range to 20 and 23 counties, respectively. This information greatly increases our knowledge of the ranges of these 2 at-risk species and can help biologists and managers better understand overall population changes as WNS continues to spread.
Virtual energy storage through decentralized load control with quality of service bounds

We propose a decentralized algorithm to help reduce demand-supply imbalance in a power grid by varying the demand from loads, just like charging and discharging a battery. The algorithm ensures strict bounds on the consumers' quality of service (QoS) by constraining the bandwidth of demand variation. A model-predictive-control formulation is adopted to compute local decisions at the loads. The algorithm is decentralized in the sense that loads do not communicate with one another. Instead, loads coordinate using local measurements of the grid frequency, which provide information about global demand-supply imbalance. It is envisioned that consumers will be recruited through long-term contracts, aided by the QoS guarantees provided by the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that loads are able to reduce frequency deviations while maintaining QoS constraints and that the performance of the algorithm scales well with the number of loads. Closed-loop stability is established under some assumptions.
New Laser Concept: Magnetic-Surface-Induced Spin-Flip Transitions

In diatomic molecules formed by the group VI elements (e.g., O2, S2, SO) and by a combination of group V and group VII elements (e.g., NF, NCl, PCl), the spin-selection rule ΔS = 0 leads to highly metastable states, which can be useful for high-power laser systems. A particularly well-known case is the 1Δg state of oxygen molecule. Owing to spin and parity symmetry, its decay to the ground state 3Σg − is highly forbidden, with spontaneous decay rate 2.6 × 10−4 sec−1. This fact is used in oxygen–iodine lasers to store the energy in the 1Δg state of O2, which is then collisionally transferred to atomic iodine via the reaction O2(1Σg) + I(2P3/2) → O2(3Σg−) + I(2P1/2). Radiative emission takes place on the iodine through its decay back to 2P1/2, which is a magnetic-dipole-allowed transition with a spontaneous transition rate of 7.7 sec−1.
Abstract #1926: A small-molecule inhibitor, targeting FAK and Mdm-2 interaction, blocks breast and colon tumorigenesis in vivo.

Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor kinase that is overexpressed in many types of tumors and plays an important role in motility, adhesion, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and survival. Recently, FAK has been proposed to be a potential target of cancer therapy. We developed a novel cancer therapy approach, targeting FAK protein-protein interactions by computer modeling and screening of NCI small molecule drugs database. Since recently, FAK N-terminal domain (FAK-NT) has been shown to bind Mdm-2 protein, we targeted FAK-NT and Mdm-2 interaction. Screening of >140,000 small molecule compounds with drug-like characteristics and highest scores, targeting FAK-Mdm-2, identified 24 compounds (called M drugs) that have been ordered from NCI. MTT assays with 36 compounds were performed on several different cancer cell lines, including breast, melanoma, colon and pancreatic cancer cells. We identified M13 compound that significantly decreased viability in vitro in most of the cancer cells. The effect of M13 was dose-dependent. M13 compound increased level of apoptotic Mdm-2 and decreased pro-survival FAK protein level in BT474 breast cancer cells. In addition, M13 decreased breast cancer tumorigenesis in vivo . The effect of M13 was p53-independent, as it decreased viability in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo in both HCT116p53 - / - and HCTp53+/ + colon cancer cells. The data suggest a novel approach targeting FAK and Mdm-2 protein interaction that can provide future effective therapeutics. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1926.
Evolution and maturation of small space microwave technologies for U.S. Army applications

Key factors in the utility of small satellites are the responsiveness of orbiting space assets, the cost savings over larger, more durable satellites, and the potential benefit to the tactical user. As electronics and RF technologies become increasingly compact and more capable, small satellites offer many advantages over their larger counterparts from technology refresh rate and timely access for the tactical user to significantly reduced launch costs. This paper reviews several small satellite-related development efforts for tactical military applications with an emphasis on the communications technologies being matured.