cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
G-Family Polynomials

We introduce two notions of quandle polynomials for G-families of quandles: the quandle polynomial of the associated quandle and a G-family polynomial with coefficients in the group ring of G. As an application we define image subquandle polynomial enhancements of the G-family counting invariant for trivalent spatial graphs and handlebody-links. We provide examples to show that the new enhancements are proper.
Unfractionated Heparin TID Dosing Regimen Is Associated With a Lower Rate of Pulmonary Embolism When Compared With BID Dosing in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy.

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may complicate the post-operative course of patients undergoing craniotomy. While prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been shown to reduce VTE rates, twice-daily (BID) and three-times-daily (TID) UFH dosing regimens have not been compared in neurosurgical procedures. The objective of this study was to explore the association between UFH dosing regimen and rates of VTE and ICH in craniotomy patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for 159 patients at Northwestern University receiving 5000 units/0.5 mL UFH injections either BID (n = 132) or TID (n = 27). General linear regression models were run to predict rates of DVT, PE, and reoperation due to bleeding from UFH dosing regimen while controlling for age at surgery, sex, VTE history, craniotomy for tumor resection, surgery duration, length of stay, reoperation, infections, and IDH/MGMT mutations. Results Receiving UFH TID was significantly associated with a lower rate of PE when compared with receiving UFH BID (β = –0.121, P = 0.044; TID rate = 0%, BID rate = 10.6%). UFH TID also showed a trend toward lower rates of DVT (β = –0.0893, P = 0.295; TID rate = 18.5%, BID rate = 21.2%) when compared with UFH BID. UFH TID showed no significant difference in rate of reoperation for bleeding when compared to UFH BID (β = –0.00623, P = 0.725; TID rate = 0%, BID rate = 0.8%). Conclusions UFH TID dosing is associated with lower rates of PE when compared with BID dosing in patients undergoing craniotomy.
The Impact of Culture in Deception and Deception Detection

This chapter examines the role of culture in deception. It opens by explaining how culture has been measured in the research literature, along with the consequences and critiques of those measurement strategies. Next, it explores how culture has been studied previously in the context of deception and addresses variations in those analyses such as interactions within and between people of different cultures. After establishing the current state of research on deception detection by reviewing recent advances, the chapter then explores the role of cultural differences and similarities in modern theorizing about deception. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to bridging intercultural communication studies and deception detection research, outline both the pitfalls and best practices for this work, and illustrate how we have chosen to conduct our research in the SCAN project.
Costs associated with United States pharmacopeia compliant infusion clinics.

Purpose As costs continue to rise in oncology, a strategy that has been implemented to limit these costs is use of alternative sites of care. However, there are differences in regulatory standards between common sites of care such as freestanding infusion clinics and hospital outpatient departments. The costs associated with United States Pharmacopeia compliance were evaluated in order to better understand the cost of universally compliant hospital outpatient departments. Methods Annual operational costs associated with United States Pharmacopeia compliance were estimated for a 30-chair infusion clinic with United States Pharmacopeia and pharmacy cleanrooms for non-hazardous and hazardous drugs, respectively. Annual United States Pharmacopeia compliance costs included: competency assessments, personal protective equipment, closed system transfer devices, labels, cleaning supplies, and environmental monitoring. One-time costs included initial cleanroom construction and renovations. Published information and benchmarks provided baseline assumptions for patient volume, staffing, and unit costs. If no published data was available, prices were estimated based on a similarly sized clinic. Results Recurring annual costs for a 30-chair fully compliant infusion clinic were calculated to be $785,207. One-time costs associated with initial construction and renovations were estimated to be $1,365,207-$1,535,207 and $965,207-$1,005,207, respectively. Conclusions Costs associated with increased operational oversight and regulatory standards are a major contributing factor to the facility fee of hospital outpatient departments. Ultimately, all sites of care share in the goal to provide optimal patient care while considering all aspects of patient care, including cost. Therefore, a move towards consistent regulatory standards across all settings would aid in preventing discrepancies in care.
A Type-Directed Approach to Program Repair

Developing enterprise software often requires composing several libraries together with a large body of in-house code. Large APIs introduce a steep learning curve for new developers as a result of their complex object-oriented underpinnings. While the written code in general reflects a programmer’s intent, due to evolutions in an API, code can often become ill-typed, yet still syntactically-correct. Such code fragments will no longer compile, and will need to be updated. We describe an algorithm that automatically repairs such errors, and discuss its application to common problems in software engineering. Open image in new window
Identify-Isolate-Inform: A Modified Tool for Initial Detection and Management of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Patients in the Emergency Department

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a novel infectious disease caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first reported in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS later spread to other countries in the Arabian Peninsula, followed by an outbreak in South Korea in 2015. At least 26 countries have reported MERS cases, and these numbers may increase over time. Due to international travel opportunities, all countries are at risk of imported cases of MERS, even if outbreaks do not spread globally. Therefore, it is essential for emergency department (ED) personnel to be able to rapidly assess MERS risk and take immediate actions if indicated. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) tool, originally conceived for initial detection and management of Ebola virus disease patients in the ED and later adjusted for measles, can be adapted for real-time use for any emerging infectious disease. This paper reports a modification of the 3I tool for use in initial detection and management of patients under investigation for MERS. Following an assessment of epidemiologic risk factors, including travel to countries with current MERS transmission and contact with patients with confirmed MERS within 14 days, patients are risk stratified by type of exposure coupled with symptoms of fever and respiratory illness. If criteria are met, patients must be immediately placed into airborne infection isolation (or a private room until this type of isolation is available) and the emergency practitioner must alert the hospital infection prevention and control team and the local public health department. The 3I tool will facilitate rapid categorization and triggering of appropriate time-sensitive actions for patients presenting to the ED at risk for MERS.
Wave Breaking and Ocean Surface Layer Thermal Response

The effect of breaking waves on ocean surface temperatures and surface boundary layer deepening is investigated. The modification of the Mellor‐Yamada turbulence closure model by Craig and Banner and others to include surface wave breaking energetics reduces summertime surface temperatures when the surface layer is relatively shallow. The effect of the Charnock constant in the relevant drag coefficient relation is also studied.
Scatter Factor and Angiogenesis

Scatter factor (hepatocyte growth factor) is a mesenchyme-derived cytokine that stimulates motility, proliferation, and morphogenesis of epithelia. These responses are transduced through the c-met protooncogene product, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that functions as the SF receptor. SF is a potent angiogenic molecule, and its angiogenic activity is mediated primarily through direct actions on endothelial cells. These include stimulation of cell motility, proliferation, protease production, invasion, and organization into capillary-like tubes. SF is chronically overexpressed in tumors, suggesting that it may function as a tumor angiogenesis factor. SF production in tumors may be due, in part, to an abnormal tumor-stroma interaction, in which the tumor cells secrete factors (SF-IFs) that stimulate SF production by tumor-associated stromal cells. Studies suggest a link between tumor suppressors (antioncogenes) and inhibition of angiogenesis. We hypothesize that tumor suppressor gene mutations may contribute to the activation of an SF-IF-->SF-->c-met pathway, leading to an invasive and angiogenic tumor phenotype. Modulation of this pathway may, ultimately, provide clinically useful methods of enhancing or inhibiting angiogenesis.
Public Ethnic Regard and Academic Adjustment Among Latino Adolescents

This study examined whether Latino adolescents' perceptions of personal support vis-a-vis those of ethnic regard by adults at school differentially relate to academic outcomes. Data were drawn from a sample of 156 Latino students (age M=16.17, SD=1.27; 61% girls, 39% boys) attending an urban high school. As expected, youth who perceived more positive public ethnic regard (i.e., by adults at school) were more engaged and higher achieving than their counterparts with more negative public regard. Importantly, after accounting for personal support from adults in school, public ethnic regard contributed uniquely to the variance explained by models predicting academic engagement and performance. These results suggest that public ethnic regard comprises a meaningful dimension of Latino adolescents' relationships with adults in school.
POVERTY CONCENTRATION, JOB ACCESS, AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES

Existing literature suggests that both access to jobs and poverty concentration can affect poor job seekers’ employment outcomes, but no research has tested the two factors together or examined how...
Effects of a Nutritional Supplement on Coprophagia: A Study of Three Cases.

The cases of three individuals with profound mental retardation and long histories of coprophagia (ingestion of feces) were studied to determine if fecal material could be providing a nutrient that was unavailable from a standard institutional diet. In each case the individual was provided with a daily oral supplement of an "elemental diet," which, at twice the dose administered, would provide all the nutrients necessary for sustenance. The frequency of coprophagia was decreased in all three cases when they received the supplemental nutrients as compared to when they were maintained on a balanced institutional diet alone.
Assessing students' knowledge: oral exams vs. written tests

The evaluation of students' knowledge is undeniably a very important aspect in the process of education. Two of the most commonly used assessment methods are oral exams and written tests. In the USA in Computer Science Education the preference is generally given to written tests. Although convenient in many ways and effective for many subjects, written tests do not always provide correct evaluation of students' knowledge when it comes to theoretical subjects. In this paper we concentrate on theoretical courses of Computer Science. For these courses we conclude that an oral exam is a better evaluation method; we analyze the challenges instructors face when preparing and grading written tests, we discuss the problems students encounter when taking written tests, and we show the advantages of oral exams over written tests. However, we do not overlook some concerns with oral exams; we talk about these issues and advise the examiner to be aware and considerate of them.
Diagnosis of intraperitoneal extravasation of urine by peritoneal lavage.

The diagnosis of intraperitoneal extravasation of urine in the multiple trauma patient is often delayed, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. To determine if intraperitoneal extravasation of urine can be detected by peritoneal lavage, an animal study was designed to investigate whethe urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the urine, serum, and lavage fluid would be predictive of urinary extravasation. Seventeen adult mongrel dogs, weighing 21 to 30 kg, were divided into two groups. The six dogs in Group 1 were utilized as controls, and had peritoneal lavage (15 mL normal saline/kg) performed using the open technique (direct visualization of the peritoneum). Blood, urine and lavage area nitrogen and cretinine and lavage red cell count were measured. Group 2 (11 dogs) had varying amounts of urine (5 mL to 330 mL) instilled into the peritoneal cavity. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage was performed 30 to 45 minutes after the instillation of urine in all Group 2 animals. Group 2A (nine dogs) had urine instilled under direct visualization through a peritoneal lavage catheter. As bladder dome rupture is the most common cause of intraperitoneal urine extravasation, Group 2B (two dogs) had bladder dome ruptures performed by cystoscopic approach using the resectoscope. Cystograms were obtained in the bladder-ruptured dogs after completion of the peritoneal lavage to confirm intraperitoneal extravasation of bladder contents. In these animals, urine was instilled back into the bladder followng bladder rupture. Results demonstrate that urea nitrogen and creatinine can be measured in peritoneal lavage fluid when extravasation of urine is in amounts of 15 mL or greater, and not measureable in amounts of 5 mL or less. Four of the Group 2 dogs had hemoperitoneum (red cell count greater than 80,000). Measurements of lavage urea nitrogen and creatinine were not affected by the presence of blood in the peritoneum. Detection of peritoneal lavage creatinine and urea nitrogen was significantly different (P
Birkhoff's ergodic theorem and the piecewise-constant maximum entropy method for Frobenius–Perron operators

Let X , Σ, σ be a finite measure space and S: X → X be a nonsingular transformation such that the corresponding Frobenius–Perron operator P S : L 1 X → L 1 X has a stationary density f *. We propose a piecewise-constant maximum entropy method for the numerical recovery of f * and give its relation to the classic Birkhoff's individual ergodic theorem. An advantage of the piecewise-constant method over the current maximum entropy method based on polynomial basis functions is that a nonlinear system of equations is not needed for solving the related moment problem. Numerical results are given for several one dimensional test mappings.
Renormalization group and critical localization

The renormalization-group (RG) method is applied to the problem of formation of a localized state of a particle moving in a given potential. It is shown that RG transformation on the particle's Green's function can be performed exactly. The fixed-point equations yield information on the critical binding strength, while the transformation equations near the fixed points give scaling laws and critical exponents, e.g., for the dependence of the localization radius on the energy and the potential strength. The general theory is illustrated by considering the simplest case of the Slater-Koster problem in detail. We find that it is possible to take all the irrelevant variables into account and thus obtain the exact result for the critical binding point. Critical exponents and scaling laws are, however, universal in character. The method is then extended to the case of motion in random potentials, and some applications are pointed out. In particular it is shown that the RG properties of the averaged absolute value squared ($〈{|G|}^{2}〉$) of the Green's function do not correspond to a simple second-order phase transition. The analysis illustrates certain features of RG methods which have not heretofore been encountered in other problems and which are likely to be found in treatments of disordered materials. In particular, the runaway behavior observed in the RG transformation of $〈G〉$ and $〈{|G|}^{2}〉$ as well as in many random-spin systems, might be associated with the formation of bound states in the band tail for any amount of randomness.
HIV-1 Tat protein is able to efficiently transactivate the HIV-2 LTR through a TAR RNA element lacking both dinucleotide bulge binding sites.

Each of the two stem-loop structures in the HIV-2 TAR (TAR-2) RNA element contains a dinucleotide bulge that specifiesa binding site in vitro for the HIV-2 Tat transactivator protein. A TAR-2 RNA with both bulges deleted is very weakly transactivated in vivo by the HIV-2 Tat protein. To gain insight into general features of Tat protein:TAR RNA interactions, we have analyzed the significance of the dinucleotide bulges in TAR-2 RNA for in vitro binding and in vivo transactivation by the related HIV-1 Tat protein. The HIV-1 Tat protein has been shown previously to bind efficiently to wild-type TAR-2 RNA and fully transactivates the HIV-2 LTR. We found that the 5′ proximal bulge and the 3′ distal bulge appear to specify a high and low affinity binding site in vitro, respectively, for the HIV-1 Tat protein. Wild-type TAR-2 RNA was found to be able to bind HIV-1 Tat proteins simultaneously at each bulge binding site in vitro. A TAR-2 RNA with both bulges deleted was greatly defective for in vitro binding by the HIV-1 Tat protein. Surprisingly, the TAR-2 RNA with both bulges deleted was efficiently transactivated in vivo by the HIV-1 Tat protein, indicating that the HIV-1 Tat protein (but not HIV-2 Tat protein) is able to strongly activate transcription of a TAR RNA with no apparent bulge binding site.
Electron Correlation Energies in the Neutral Iron Atom

The many-body perturbation theory of Brueckner and Goldstone is used to calculate the electron correlation energy among the $n=3$ and $n=4$ electrons of FeI. The results is - 0.7155 a.u. Combined with a semiempirical estimate of correlations from the ${(1s)}^{2}{(2s)}^{2}{(2p)}^{6}$ core, the total correlation energy of FeI is - 1.165 a.u.
On DICC rings

In this paper we define and try to understand the DICC rings, i.e., rings with no doubly infinite chain of ideals (see Definition 1). After investigating a few properties which hold in such rings we are able to establish in Theorem 3 that a DICC ring is either Noetherian or a direct product of an Artinian ring, and a ring S with not prime both minimal and maximal, which is not Noetherian, and with the following four properties: (1) Sred is Noetherian; (2) n (the nilradical of S) is nilpotent; (3) n has DCC; (4) for all x E S n, n/Sx n n has finite length. All rings are commutative with unit. The symbol c means strict inclusion, and the symbol c allows equality. All the notation is otherwise standard.
High-efficiency generation of ultrashort second-harmonic pulses based on the Čerenkov geometry

Simultaneous phase- and group-velocity-matched generation of ultrashort optical second-harmonic pulses based on a quasi-phase-matched Cerenkov second-harmonic generation scheme is proposed. We compare our scheme with other schemes with respect to its ability to achieve high conversion efficiency, its enhancement with respect to cw second-harmonic generation, and its sensitivity to waveguide-period fluctuation; ion-exchanged KTP and LiNbO3 waveguides are considered in the evaluation. We believe our proposed scheme is easy to implement, and there is no constraint on crystal length in achieving high efficiency as well as in preserving an ultrashort pulse width. 100% efficiency is potentially obtainable from sufficiently long crystals.
Exon organization, coding sequence, physical mapping, and polymorphic intragenic markers for the human neuronal sodium channel gene SCN8A

Abstract The voltage-gated sodium channel SCN8A is associated with inherited neurological disorders in the mouse that include ataxia, dystonia, severe muscle weakness, and paralysis. We report the complete coding sequence and exon organization of the humanSCN8Agene. The predicted 1980 amino acid residues are distributed among 28 exons, including two pairs of alternatively spliced exons. The SCN8A protein is evolutionarily conserved, with 98.5% amino acid sequence identity between human and mouse. Consensus sites for phosphorylation of serine/threonine and tyrosine residues are present in cyoplasmic loop domains. The polymorphic (CA)nmicrosatellite markerD12S2211,with PIC = 0.68, was isolated from intron 10C of SCN8A. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 19 and exon 22 were also identified. We localized SCN8A to chromosome band 12q13.1 by physical mapping on a YAC contig. The cDNA clone CSC-1 was reported by others to be a cardiac-specific sodium channel, but sequence comparison demonstrates that it is derived from exon 24 of human SCN8A. The genetic information described here will be useful in evaluating SCN8A as a candidate gene for human neurological disease.
Effects of intravenous lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats

Lidocaine has been reported to decrease the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalation anesthetics in several species and has been used clinically to reduce the requirements for other anesthetic drugs. This study examined the effects of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane MAC in cats. Six cats were studied. In experiment 1, the MAC of isoflurane was determined. An intravenous bolus of lidocaine 2 mg kg–1 was then administrated and venous plasma lidocaine concentrations measured to determine pharmacokinetic values. In experiment 2, lidocaine was administered to achieve target plasma concentrations between 1 and 11 μg mL–1 and the MAC of isoflurane was determined in triplicate at each lidocaine plasma concentration, using the tail-clamp method. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was determined using a calibrated infrared analyzer. Systolic blood pressure (Doppler), SpO2 and end-tidal PCO2 (calibrated Raman spectrometer) were measured prior to each MAC determination. Body temperature was maintained between 38.5 and 39.5 °C by supplying external heat as needed. MAC values at the different lidocaine plasma concentrations were analyzed by a repeated measures ANOVA, using the Huynh–Feldt correction. The MAC of isoflurane in these cats was 2.21 ± 0.17. For the target concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 μg mL–1, the actual lidocaine plasma concentrations was 1.06 ± 0.12, 2.83 ±0.39, 4.93 ± 0.64, 6.86 ± 0.97, 8.86 ± 2.10, and 9.84 ± 1.34 μg mL–1, respectively. At these target concentrations, the MAC of isoflurane was 2.14 ± 0.14, 1.88 ± 0.18, 1.66 ± 0.16, 1.47 ±0.13, 1.33 ± 0.23, and 1.06 ± 0.19%, respectively. Lidocaine, at target plasma concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 μg mL–1, linearly decreased isoflurane MAC by –6 to 6, 7 to 28, 19 to 35, 28 to 45, 29 to 53, and 44 to 59%, respectively. Lidocaine significantly dose-dependently and linearly decreases the requirements for isoflurane in cats. No ceiling effect was observed within the range of plasma concentrations studied.
Disseminated dermatophytosis in a patient with hereditary hemochromatosis and hepatic cirrhosis: case report and review of the literature

The most common presentation of dermatophytosis is as a superficial infection characterized by a rash (tinea). In very rare cases, this infection can become invasive, involve deeper dermal structures, and even disseminate. We present a case of biopsy-proven, disseminated dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with advanced cirrhosis. In addition, we provide a review of the literature.
Positions and proper motions of dwarf carbon stars

Recent-epochs positions and proper motions of nine dwarf carbon star candidates are presented along with finding charts for each object. Measurements are obtained from digitized Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS) and Quik V plate archives at the Space Telescope Science Institute, and from recent CCD images.
Silicone Polymer Uptake Method for Determination of Cholesterol Thermodynamic Activity in Model Bile Systems

Abstract Cholesterol in bile has been linked to the incidence of gallstone disease through the concept of supersaturation as measured by the cholesterol saturation index (CSI). The latter is a linear function of cholesterol concentration and is based on the assumption that all cholesterol in bile is solubilized and transported in bile salt‐lecithin (BS–L) mixed micelles, as well as in bile salt simple micelles. In light of the discovery of the cholesterol–lecithin vesicles as significant cholesterol carriers, there is a need to re‐evaluate this old concept. This study examined the feasibility of the silicone polymer uptake method for the direct determination of the cholesterol thermodynamic activity (A T ) in model bile systems. In cases of unsaturation and near saturation, a linear relationship was observed between C Sp, Eq , the cholesterol concentration in the silicone polymer at equilibrium, and C Aq, Eq / C S, Aq for taurocholate (TC), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) systems either containing or not containing lecithin. Here, C Aq, Eq is the cholesterol concentration in the aqueous micellar solution at equilibrium, and C S, Aq is the cholesterol monohydrate solubility of the same medium. In TC–L solutions supersaturated with cholesterol, the linear relationship continued to hold up to the point where vesicles started to form. Vesicle formation initiated a negative deviation from linearity. At constant lecithin concentration, the C Sp.Eq value, or the cholesterol thermodynamic activity at which vesicle formation began, was a function of the TC:L ratio; the larger the TC:L ratio, the higher the cholesterol thermodynamic activity for the onset of vesicle formation. This study has clearly shown the inadequacy of the conventional concept of CSI in defining cholesterol supersaturation in bile, and demonstrated the validity of the silicone polymer uptake method as an “electrode” for the direct determination of the cholesterol thermodynamic activity in model bile systems.
Evaluation of endometrial polyps.

Abstract Objective: Endometrial polyps are relatively common in all groups of women. More polyps are being diagnosed with the widespread use of transvaginal ultrasound scanning and sonohysterography. The reported incidence of malignancy is low. The potential benefit of a noninvasive technique to distinguish benign from malignant polyps is obvious. This study was undertaken to evaluate endometrial polyps by color flow Doppler ultrasound scanning and histopathologic examination. Study design: This was an observational study of patients with an endometrial polyp on sonohysterography who underwent interrogation of their polyp with color Doppler ultrasound scanning and subsequently polypectomy. Polyp volume, resistive index, pulsatility index, indication for scan (bleeding vs incidental), and patient age were correlated with histopathologic type of the polyp (nonfunctional, proliferative, secretory, hyperplastic, or malignant). Results: Of 61 patients studied, 42 patients (68.9%) were scanned for abnormal bleeding, and 19 patients (31.1%) had their polyps discovered incidentally. There were no statistically significant differences between histologic categories and the resistive index, pulsatility index, or size of the polyp. The age of patients with nonfunctional polyps was significantly greater than any other group ( P P Conclusion: The data suggest that the objective assessment of blood flow impedance (resistive index, pulsatility index) in endometrial polyps and the size of these polyps cannot replace surgical removal and pathologic evaluation to predict histologic type. Patients with nonfunctional polyps were older and less likely to have vaginal bleeding. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:669-74.)
Development of Correlations for Pressure Loss/Drop Coefficients Obtained From Flow Testing of Fuel Assemblies in Framatome ANP's PHTF

Thermal-hydraulic analyses of pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assemblies are generally performed for either assembly thermal-hydraulic design, thermal-hydraulic compatibility evaluation, or cycle licensing thermal-hydraulic characterization. A key issue in all cases is the hydraulic resistance characterization of the assembly in which the assembly, its components and support plates, etc., are represented by their respective pressure loss and pressure drop coefficients. These hydraulic coefficients can be determined by single-phase flow testing in an experimental facility such as the Framatome ANP Portable Hydraulic Test Facility (PHTF) located at Richland Test Facilities (RTF) in Richland, WA. The goal of this paper is to present a uniform and consistent methodology for the development of coefficient correlations from data obtained from single phase pressure drop testing of PWR and BWR fuel assemblies and their components performed in the PHTF. This methodology reflects the years of accumulated experience from an existing facility with an ongoing test program.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Bizarre (Pseudomalignant) granulation-tissue reactions following ionizing-radiation exposure: a microscopic, immunohistochemical, and flow-cytometric study

Two patients developed extremely bizarre (pseudomalignant) granulation-tissue reactions in the larynx and facial sinuses, following radiation therapy for carcinoma. Containing pleomorphic spindle cells and numerous (sometimes atypical) mitotic figures, both tumefactive lesions simulated high grade malignancies. While the pleomorphic cells contained vimentin immunoreactivity, they were nonreactive for low or high molecular weight keratin. Flowcytometric study of paraffin-embedded tissues revealed DNA indexes of 0.75 and 1.0. Neither recurred locally nor spread distantly after therapy. Their granulation-tissue growth pattern, and the presence of stromal and endothelial cells showing similar degrees of cytologic atypia were central to their recognition as benign. These findings show that severely atypical, sometimes aneuploid, granulation-tissue reactions can occur following radiation exposure. Care should be taken not to misinterpret these lesions as malignant.
B-PHYSICS RESULTS FROM DO

Abstract A number of B-physics results from the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider are reported. Measurements of b b production in p p interactions at s =1800 and 630 GeV are used to evaluate, for the first time with the same detector, the center-of-mass energy and rapidity dependence of b-quark production cross section. A measurement of the b b angular correlations using dimuon triggers is also presented. Preliminary results from these measurements are compared with the next-to-leading order QCD predictions. Finally, dimuon data samples are used to study p T and rapidity dependence of b-produced and direct charmonium productions.
Blunders, Plunders and the Wonders of Religious Ethnography: "Archiving" Tales From the Field'

I was sitting on the veranda of Sashthi Sutradhar's home compound on a cool day in January of 1990. Sashthi, a Hindu image-maker and carpenter, had been a friend since I first started doing research on a local Hindu deity named Dharmaraj in Goalpara, a small village in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. His sister, the youngest in the nuclear family, brought me tea and kept me cool with a palm frond fan while Sashthi went about his daily chores: feeding the cow, cut ting wood, cleaning fish, and collecting the materials needed to create more clay horses for the devotees who would offer them to Dharmaraj, the aniconic "king of duty" and most important deity in the village, during his annual pujâ (worship service; on Dharmaraj, see Korom 1992). Wanting to be a part of the whole ritual process of asking favors from the deity, I too asked Sashthi to make me a clay horse to place in Dharmaraj's sacred grove outside of the village. Aside from a doctoral degree and a tenure-track job at a major research institution, I didn't know what I wanted from Dharmaraj, yet I knew that it would be good practice to do what everyone else was doing. In the proverbial words of Baidyanath Saraswati, a former an thropological advisor of mine during an earlier trip to study Hindu pilgrimage behavior in the sacred city of Banaras: "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" (Personal communication 1982). So this was the day that I was to be Roman in a uniquely Bengali sense, the day I was to pick up my clay horse—a nice one, replete with a saddle and other accoutrements to please the royal rider. There I was, waiting for the horse that I had commissioned from Sashthi, the man that everyone in the area said made the best and most efficacious ones. After sitting on the veranda for what seemed
Left Atrial Deformation Predicts Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients

Background Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is an important indicator in pediatric heart transplant patients, but commonly used noninvasive surrogates, such as ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to annular velocity (E/E'), have limitations in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of left atrial (LA) peak systolic strain and distensibility with PCWP in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Methods Consecutive pediatric heart transplant patients were enrolled at time of cardiac catheterization, with echocardiogram immediately afterward. E/E' ratio at the lateral and medial mitral annulus, peak LA systolic longitudinal strain by speckle tracking, and LA distensibility were measured from echocardiograms and compared to invasively measured PCWP. Results In 38 patients (11.1 ± 5.8 years old), PCWP correlated with peak LA systolic strain (r = -0.44, P = 0.01) and LA distensibility (r= −0.43, P = 0.02), but not with E/E'. On receiver operating characteristics analysis, LA strain had a higher area under the curve than LA distensibility (0.846 vs. 0.606). LA strain <18.9% had sensitivity 62% and specificity 95%, with likelihood ratio 12.3 for PCWP ≥12. However, LA strain had lower intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility than distensibility (intra-class correlation coefficients 0.89 and 0.75 vs. 0.93 and 0.90). Conclusions Peak LA systolic strain and LA distensibility may be more useful surrogates of left ventricular filling pressure than E/E' in the pediatric heart transplant population, with greater reproducibility of LA distensibility. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate which parameters track changes in PCWP and clinical outcome.
Descriptive Analytics: Examining Expert Hackers in Web Forums

In recent years, understanding the people behind cybercrime from a hacker-centric perspective has drawn increased attention. Preliminary exploration in online hacker social dynamics has found that hackers extensively exchange information with others in online communities, including vulnerabilities, stolen data, etc. However, there is a lack of research that explores automated identification and characterization of expert hackers within online communities. In this research, we identify expert hackers and characterize their specialties by devising a scalable and generalizable framework leveraging two categories of features to analyze hacker forum content. The framework encompasses text analytics for key hacker identification and analysis. In the Text Analytics module, we employ an interaction coherence analysis (ICA) framework, to extract interactions among the users in hacker communities as topological feature. In Expert Identification & Analysis, we characterize each hacker with content features extracted with lexicon matching and structural features from the ICA component. Results reveal an interaction network and content-based clustering of key actors within the studied hacker community. Our project contributes to both social media analytics and cybersecurity research as we provide a complete analytical framework to analyze the key hackers from both an interaction network perspective and discussion content perspective. This framework can benefit cyber security researchers and practitioners by offering an inclusive angle for analyzing hacker social dynamics.
Thermal signature for printed circuit board stress-failure diagnosis

To ensure the reliability of printed circuit boards, stress tests are typically applied throughout the manufacturing process to screen out weak/marginal boards. Existing tester diagnostic programs are used to detect failures and human technicians can then narrow down the source of the failure to a set of components. However, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact defective components. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) evaluate feasibility and applications of thermal signature for stress failure diagnosis; and (2) assess thermal signature portability at the component level. The stress failures under investigation were (1) stress test failure and (2) environmental stress screening test failure. Preliminary results suggest that thermal signature can be used as a diagnostic aid to technicians or engineers in diagnosing boards with stress failures. In addition, the same component, when placed on different boards or in different locations on the same board, has a similar thermal signature.
Applying herbicides in irrigation water—a review

Abstract The technology of applying herbicides in irrigation water to control weeds selectively in crops has developed since the late 1960s. A review of the literature indicates that under the right conditions many herbicides applied through irrigation systems will control weeds selectively in crops. The greatest use of this technology has been with sprinkler irrigation systems, especially centre-pivots. Certain herbicides are also effective when applied through gravity flow irrigation systems, although uneven herbicide distribution and the potential for downstream contamination has limited the use of the technology in these systems. Although there is considerable interest in applying herbicides through trickle irrigation systems, problems associated with poor uniformity of herbicide application, rapid degradation of herbicides near the orifices, and potential health hazards to workers who might drink treated water, have prevented this technology from being adopted. Research is needed to determine how such factors as amount of water applied, soil texture, soil organic matter, soil moisture before and after herbicide application, water droplet size, timing of herbicide applications, herbicide concentration, herbicide properties, climatic factors, and the use of oils and other adjuvants affect the behaviour of herbicides applied through irrigation systems.
Incommensurate Resources: Not Just More of the Same

The pricing literature is replete with research that focuses on how consumers respond to sales promotions when both the reference level and the change are expressed in dollar terms (i.e., discounts). The psychophysics of pricing suggests that changes in monetary magnitude are not based on their absolute level, but rather on their deviation from some reference level, or how the change is "framed." Often, however, a promotion is presented in nonmonetary terms (e.g., a premium). When two resources are delivered simultaneously, but in different currencies (e.g., receive a free razor with the purchase of a can of shaving cream), the marginal value of the nonmonetary, incremental benefit may be difficult to evaluate in relation to the focal product or its price. Therefore, the value of the premium may be less likely than a comparable discount to be viewed in a relative sense and thus less likely to suffer from diminishing marginal returns. This research explores how people often fail to exhibit the same diminishing sensitivity to an incremental benefit, or cost, when it is accrued in a currency other than the referent currency. The authors define two different carriers of wealth or welfare (i.e., resources) that are difficult to convert into any meaningful common unit of measurement as "incommensurate." This research introduces a novel mechanism for influencing whether people attend to absolute rather than relative differences. This work also offers guidance to managers who might benefit from the strategic use of nonmonetary promotions.
An Examination of the Relationship Among High School Size, Social Capital, and Adolescents' Mathematics Achievement

In an effort to enhance both adolescents' social capital and increase achievement, public school districts across the United States have created small high schools. Using data derived from a longitudinal and nationally representative study of U.S. high school students, the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, results show that when adolescents' parents know their friends' parents math achievement is significantly predicted. This association, however, is nonsignificant when conditioned on standard measures of prior achievement and family background, among others. In addition, while this relationship is also strong and significant within small high schools, it, too, is eliminated when conditioned on select confounding variables. These findings are discussed in terms of current efforts to improve achievement through reductions in school size.
Polynomial approximation of polyharmonic functions on a complement of a John domain

We prove a Jackson-Mergelyan type theorem on the uniform polynomial approximation of continuous polyharmonic functions on a set "without cusps on the boundary that point inside of the set". We apply this theorem to derive a harmonic counterpart of a result by Mezhevich and Shirokov on the analytic polynomial approximation of continuous functions on a set consisting of two parallel segments.
Tending to the Heart of Communities of Color Towards Critical Race Teacher Activism

Critical Race Theory and Critical Whiteness Studies assert colorblindness flourishes when most urban teachers who are White feel emotionally uncomfortable to engage in dynamics of race in the classroom. Colorblind ideology distorts urban teaching because it presumes (a) many White teachers are missionaries trained to save and (b) urban schools are pathological deficits that need to be saved. We propose a community of color epistemological approach that draws from emotional strengths found inside urban communities of color and supports the pedagogical and emotional investment needed to (a) operate critical race activism inside urban classrooms and (b) disrupt the normalcy of Whiteness in schools. We present a counterstory of how one urban teacher engaged in critical race teacher activism.
Density fluctuation correlation length in polymer fluids

We employ molecular dynamics simulations and integral equation theory to study the real space collective density correlations in chain polymer fluids over a wide range of concentrations. For a degree of polymerization of 80 and low polymer concentrations, simulation and theory both find the typical behavior that the density–density correlation function decays monotonically with an associated correlation length that decreases with polymer concentration. In contrast, at high polymer concentrations the correlation function decays in an oscillatory manner with a correlation length that grows with fluid density. The correlation length is found to be smallest at a reduced polymer density corresponding to the onset of monomer scale oscillations in the density correlation function. Based on the theory, qualitatively identical behavior is found for chains of 2000 monomers. The observed density dependence of the correlation length is analogous to the dependence of the charge screening length on ionic strength in el...
Conformational Heterogeneity of Cytochrome c Probed by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy as a function of pH and Temperature

The oxidized state of cytochrome c is a subject of continuous interest due to the multitude of conformations the protein adopts. Despite numerous studies, native and non-native states of ferricytochrome c have not been comprehensively analyzed regarding the influence of solvent conditions on structure, function, and thermodynamic equilibrium. Compared to the oxidized state, the reduced state of cytochrome c is rather stable since it adopts one conformation over a broad pH (2-12) and temperature (∼100°C) range. In the current study, we have analyzed the high frequency (1200-1800cm−1) Soret and Q-band resonance Raman spectra of oxidized and reduced horse heart cytochrome c (hhc) in terms of depolarization ratios and normalized Raman intensities, as a function of increasing pH and temperature. Initial analysis of our data collected for the Soret band resonance indicates that the depolarization ratios of A1g modes v2, v3, and v4 of the native state III and the alkaline state IV are practically identical. They deviate from the respective D4h-value, indicating that B1g (triclinic) or B2g (rhombic) type distortions affect the Raman tensor. For state III, the depolarization ratios of B1g modes v10, v11, and v13 deviate substantially from the expectation value indicating that these modes are affected by a large B1g type distortion. The alkaline III-> IV transition moves the depolarization ratios of these B1g modes closer to their D4h-value of 0.75, indicating a substantial decrease of the rhombic B1g-type deformation. Data from pH 12, which favor the population of the V-state, suggest a substantial increase of rhombic deformations, apparently caused by the replacement of a lysine by a hydroxyl ligand. Currently we are analyzing the depolarization ratios for the Q band resonance and the high temperature data for both resonances.
Migrants in Qatar: A Socio-Economic Profile

This first micro-level study of temporary migrants from developing countries in Qatar uses data collected during the summer of 2007. The median migrant has the following profile: male, thirty-one years of age, single and possessing a high school education. He works ten hours a day, six days per week, and earns US$3,945 per annum of which over half is remitted home to his parents. He incurred a job placement fee equivalent to 1.25 times his monthly salary. Using multivariate regression, we find that migrants' capacity for work is positively correlated with age, having a university degree, and satisfaction with sleep and mental wellbeing. Estimates of a remittance function show that males send more money home, and that migrants are motivated to save, therefore a tendency to transfer higher amounts. We also find that older migrants remit more, suggesting that as the likelihood of returning home increases with age, remittance level rises.
Development of Metallic Thermal Protection Systems for the Reusable Launch Vehicle

A reusable Thermal Protection System (TPS) that is not only lightweight, but durable, operable and cost effective is one of the technologies required by the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) to achieve the goal of drastically reducing the cost of delivering payload to orbit. Metallic TPS is one of the systems being developed to meet this challenge. Current efforts involve improving the superalloy honeycomb TPS concept, which consists of a foil-gage metallic box encapsulating a low density fibrous insulation, and evaluating it for RLV requirements. The superalloy honeycomb TPS concept is mechanically attached to the vehicle structure. Improvements include more efficient internal insulation, a simpler, lighter weight configuration, and a quick-release fastener system for easier installation and removal. Evaluation includes thermal and structural analysis, fabrication and testing of both coupons and TPS panels under conditions simulating RLV environments. Coupons of metallic honeycomb sandwich, representative of the outer TPS surface, were subjected to low speed impact, hypervelocity impact, and rain erosion testing as well as subsequent arcjet exposure. Arrays of TPS panels have been subjected to radiant heating in a thermal/vacuum facility, aerodynamic heating in an arcjet facility and acoustic loading.