cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bond Dissociation Enthalpies of a Dibenzodioxocin Lignin Model Compound

The initial steps in the thermal degradation of dibenzodioxocin, a relatively recently discovered seven-membered-ring linkage in lignin, have been evaluated using density functional calculations. The bond dissociation enthalpy of the various ring-opening reactions is closely related to the delocalization of the unpaired electrons in the products. It also appears as if these are barrierless reactions.
Navigating the looking glass: severing the lawyer's head in Arkham Asylum

Reading Arkham Asylum jurisprudentially, we encounter a story of the meeting of reason and unreason in the context of justice – of conscious law and its unconscious threat. Batman's exploration of the Asylum is symbolic of the legal unconscious, and reflects the processes of repression that can be seen in dominant legal knowledge. A threat to this dominant knowledge can be seen in Two-Face's reliance on his coin to ‘judge’ his victims. Moreover, Arkham Asylum configures the threat of law's unconscious as the lawyer's severed head inside the house of law. Ultimately, Batman's journey through Arkham Asylum reminds law of the aesthetic and irrational contexts that it strives to deny and from which it seeks to defend itself – and that cultural legal studies explores. It recalls the unreason outside law's logic, the chaos outside its order, the madness outside its sanity. The lesson of Batman's encounters in the Asylum is that we should remember the ‘madness’ outside the legal order, and thus recognise that la...
Anharmonic Vibrational Frequency Calculations Are Not Worthwhile for Small Basis Sets.

Anharmonic calculations using vibrational perturbation theory are known to provide near-spectroscopic accuracy when combined with high-level ab initio potential energy functions. However, performance with economical, popular electronic structure methods is less well characterized. We compare the accuracy of harmonic and anharmonic predictions from Hartree–Fock, second-order perturbation, and density functional theories combined with 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d,p) basis sets. As expected, anharmonic frequencies are closer than harmonic frequencies to experimental fundamentals. However, common practice is to correct harmonic predictions using multiplicative scaling. The surprising conclusion is that scaled anharmonic calculations are no more accurate than scaled harmonic calculations for the basis sets we used. The data used are from the Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database (CCCBDB), maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which includes more than 3939 independent vi...
Coupling of Neutral-Beam-Driven Compressional Alfvén Eigenmodes to Kinetic Alfvén Waves in NSTX Tokamak and Energy Channeling

An energy-channeling mechanism is proposed to explain flattening of the electron temperature profiles at a high beam power in the beam-heated National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Results of self-consistent simulations of neutral-beam-driven compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAEs) in NSTX are presented that demonstrate strong coupling of CAEs to kinetic Alfven waves at the Alfven resonance location. It is suggested that CAEs can channel energy from the beam ions to the location of the resonant mode conversion at the edge of the beam density profile, modifying the energy deposition profile.
The King’s Army

The citizen army that France built and experienced during the old regime and early Revolution had its roots in the line army as it had been designed and fashioned during the reign of Louis XIV. Because Louis XIV saw the army as crucial to building and maintaining his power at home and abroad, he crafted it in a manner that would give him full control over the army and keep it isolated from the greater population, while at the same time reinforcing social hierarchies. Over the course of his reign, from 1661 to 1715, Louis XIV transformed the army from a conglomerate of largely mercenary forces, who could be contracted for a campaign or the duration of a war, to a massive, state-run institution that he could use at his discretion against international challenges as well as domestic ones. Louis XIV likewise instituted the morals, methods, and mindset that supported his new state-run army as part of the scaffolding structure of much of French society.
Two Approaches to the Initial Transient Problem

This paper describes two different approaches to dealing with the initial transient problem. In the first approach, the length of the “warm-up period” is determined by obtaining analytical estimates on the rate of convergence to stationarity. Specifically, we obtain an upper bound on the “second eigenvalue” of the transition matrix of a Markov chain, thereby providing one with a theoretical device that potentially can give estimates of the desired form. The second approach is data-driven, and involves using observed data from the simulation to determine an estimate of the “warm-up period”. For the method we study, we are able to use a coupling argument to establish a number of important theoretical properties of the algorithm.
Chemicals from Biomass: Combining Ring-Opening Tautomerization and Hydrogenation Reactions to Produce 1,5-Pentanediol from Furfural

A process for the synthesis of 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PD) with 84 % yield from furfural is developed, utilizing dehydration/hydration, ring-opening tautomerization, and hydrogenation reactions. Although this process has more reaction steps than the traditional direct hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), techno-economic analyses demonstrate that this process is the economically preferred route for the synthesis of biorenewable 1,5-PD. 2-Hydroxytetrahydropyran (2-HY-THP) is the key reaction pathway intermediate that allows for a decrease in the minimum selling price of 1,5-PD. The reactivity of 2-HY-THP is 80 times greater than that of THFA over a bimetallic hydrogenolysis catalyst. This enhanced reactivity is a result of the ring-opening tautomerization to 5-hydoxyvaleraldehyde and subsequent hydrogenation to 1,5-PD.
Charge transport in LiNbO3-based heterostructures

Successful application of the LiNbO3-based heterostructures in the integrated electronics and optoelectronics is mostly determined by the charge transport phenomenon in the LiNbO3 since this affects their basic parameters. Depending on the particular conditions (temperature, applied field, properties of LiNbO3/substrate heterojunction, etc.), various conduction mechanisms occur simultaneously and primarily, they can be divided into two major groups: contact-limited and bulk-limited. Identification and study of the charge transport mechanisms allow deriving the vital physical properties such as the barrier height at LiNbO3 film/substrate interface, charged defect concentration, traps spacing as well as type and drift mobility of the carriers in the LiNbO3 films. In this paper, the conduction mechanisms in LiNbO3-based heterostructures are discussed in detail and electrical parameters are derived.
Tribological investigations of the load, temperature, and time dependence of wear in sliding contact

An effort was made to study and characterize the evolution of transient tribological wear in the presence of sliding contact. Sliding contact is often characterized experimentally via the standard ASTM D4172 four-ball test, and these tests were conducted for varying times ranging from 10 seconds to 1 hour, as well as at varying temperatures and loads. A numerical model was developed to simulate the evolution of wear in the elastohydrodynamic regime. This model uses the results of a Monte Carlo study to develop novel empirical equations for wear rate as a function of asperity height and lubricant thickness; these equations closely represented the experimental data and successfully modeled the sliding contact.
Earthquake Protection Through Seismic Isolation

Abstract The basic problem in designing earthquake-resistant low- to medium-rise structures it that their fundamental frequency of vibration is in the range of frequencies where earthquake energy is the strongest. The building, therefore, acts as an amplifier of the ground vibrations, with the floor accelerations increasing over the height of the building. The goal of the seismic design should be to reduce the accelerations in buildings to below the level of the ground accelerations. To do this the building must be flexible.the necessary flexibility can only be achieved by using base isolation at the foundation level. After a slow start the use of isolation is increasing rapidly in the United States for buildings, retrofit, bridges, and certain types of industrial structures. The concept was met initially by considerable skepticism by the structural engineering community, but is now on the leading edge of seismic design and is being selected where levels of earthquake protection beyond code minimums are required.
One Step Forward for Reducing False Positive and False Negative Compound Identifications from Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Data: New Algorithms for Constructing Extracted Ion Chromatograms and Detecting Chromatographic Peaks.

False positive and false negative peaks detected from extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) are an urgent problem with existing software packages that preprocess untargeted liquid or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics data because they can translate downstream into spurious or missing compound identifications. We have developed new algorithms that carry out the sequential construction of EICs and detection of EIC peaks. We compare the new algorithms to two popular software packages XCMS and MZmine 2 and present evidence that these new algorithms detect significantly fewer false positives. Regarding the detection of compounds known to be present in the data, the new algorithms perform at least as well as XCMS and MZmine 2. Furthermore, we present evidence that mass tolerance in m/z should be favored rather than mass tolerance in ppm in the process of constructing EICs. The mass tolerance parameter plays a critical role in the EIC construction process and can have immense impact on the detection ...
Molecular diagnostics of lung cancer in the clinic.

According to current practice guidelines, all patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should undergo predictive biomarker testing. For squamous cell carcinoma patients, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is indicated to select patients for immunotherapy in the first line. For lung adenocarcinoma, all patients with advanced disease should undergo testing for epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements, and PD-L1 expression to predict response to EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 targeted inhibitors or immunotherapy, respectively. Besides these, a number of other biomarkers are under clinical investigation as predictors of response to targeted therapies, including BRAF , ERBB2 , MET splice mutations and amplification, and RET rearrangements. Successful testing for this complex array of molecular targets demands careful coordination between proceduralists, pathologists and molecular laboratories to ensure proper tumor tissue handling following biopsy as well as judicious use of diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Even so, sample failure rates due to inadequate tumor tissue are high in practice, particularly when using sequential testing methods. Use of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical practice can enable detection of multiple targets and multiple alteration types (mutation, gene copy change, and rearrangement) simultaneously even with small amounts of input nucleic acids, thus increasing molecular testing success rates. In patients with an established lung cancer diagnosis but with prohibitively limited amounts of tumor tissue or who are experiencing relapse, analyses of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the plasma can serve as an alternate testing substrate, however the more limited clinical sensitivity of this approach must be taken into account. This review will explore the indications for and pitfalls of routine NGS and plasma genotyping in the clinic, including the intersection of these technologies.
Enabling efficient system design using vertical nanowire transistor current mode logic

Vertical Nanowire-FET (VNFET) is a promising candidate to succeed in industry mainstream due to its superior suppression of short-channel-effects and area efficiency. However, to design logic gates, CMOS is not an appropriate solution due to the process incompatibility with VNFET, which creates a technical challenge for mass production. In this work, we propose a novel VNFET-based logic design, called VnanoCML (Vertical Nanowire Transistor-based Current Mode Logic), which addresses the process issue while significantly improving power and performance of diverse logic designs. Unlike the CMOS-based logic, our design exploits current mode logic to overcome the fabrication issue. Furthermore, we reduce drain-to-source resistance of VnanoCML, which results in higher performance improvement without compromising the subthreshold swing. In order to show the impact of the proposed VnanoCML, we present key logic designs which are SRAM, full adder and multiplier, and also evaluate the application-level effectiveness of digital designs for image processing and mathematical computation. Our proposed design improves the fundamental circuit characteristics including output swing, delay time and power consumption compared to conventional planar MOSFET (PFET)-based circuits. Consequentially our architecture-level results show that VnanoCML can enhance the performance and power by 16.4× and 1.15×, respectively. Furthermore, we show that VnanoCML improves the energy-delay product by 38.5× on average compared to PFET-based designs.
Optimal OLTC voltage control scheme to enable high solar penetrations

Abstract High solar Photovoltaic (PV) penetration on distribution systems can cause over-voltage problems. To this end, an Optimal Tap Control (OTC) method is proposed to regulate On-Load Tap Changers (OLTCs) by minimizing the maximum deviation of the voltage profile from 1 p.u. on the entire feeder. A secondary objective is to reduce the number of tap operations (TOs), which is implemented for the optimization horizon based on voltage forecasts derived from high resolution PV generation forecasts. A linearization technique is applied to make the optimization problem convex and able to be solved at operational timescales. Simulations on a PC show the solution time for one time step is only 1.1 s for a large feeder with 4 OLTCs and 1623 buses. OTC results are compared against existing methods through simulations on two feeders in the Californian network. OTC is firstly compared against an advanced rule-based Voltage Level Control (VLC) method. OTC and VLC achieve the same reduction of voltage violations, but unlike VLC, OTC is capable of coordinating multiple OLTCs. Scalability to multiple OLTCs is therefore demonstrated against a basic conventional rule-based control method called Autonomous Tap Control (ATC). Comparing to ATC, the test feeder under control of OTC can accommodate around 67% more PV without over-voltage issues. Though a side effect of OTC is an increase in tap operations, the secondary objective functionally balances operations between all OLTCs such that impacts on their lifetime and maintenance are minimized.
The Effective Thermoelastic Properties of Whisker- Reinforced Composites as Functions of Material Forming Parameters

A simple analytical method is proposed for predicting the effective thermoelastic properties of a composite material, reinforced by either continuous or discontinuous randomly oriented fibers subjected to different material forming processes. The elastic properties of an aligned fiber composite are predetermined from the equivalent inclusion method. The thermal expansion coefficients of an aligned fiber composite and the entire history of material forming processes of the same composite with initially random fiber orientation are assumed to be known a priori. Three combinations of hot pressing, extrusion, and rolling are investigated to quantitatively determine the effect of the forming sequence on the effective material properties. A number of special cases of the present model are compared with other theoretical models and experimental data appearing in the literature.
Crack Propagation and Arrest under Dynamic Loading Conditions in an Elastic-Plastic Strip

Arrest of a rapidly propagating Mode-I crack has been investigated for dynamic loading conditions and a crack which starts to propagate in an elastic environment but then enters a region of elastic-plastic material behavior. Fields of stress and deformation for the transient crack propagation and arrest problem have been obtained numerically by a finite difference procedure. The extensional strain just ahead of the arrested crack tip has been computed for application of a critical strain criterion of crack arrest.
MUTAGENICITY OF SELECTED CHEMICALS IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA

A fairly recent review provides an excellent discussion of the research techniques used for Neurospora crassa (1). A section on mutagenesis and mutant selection is included, and many references, including earlier reviews of N. crassa, are cited. Of the numerous publications in which mutagens have been used in N. crassa, relatively few can be referred to as “mutagenicity” papers. Rather, mutagens were often used simply to induce mutants, which were then studied for other purposes. Among the publications in which study of mutagens was the major objective, a number of mutation-assay systems have been utilized in N. crassa, although the majority of the mutagenicity literature in N. crassa is from use of the ad-3 system developed by de Serres. The methodology of this mutation-assay system has been described in detail (2), and many references to the mutagenicity data obtained with this system are cited in this review. The main features of the ad-3 system are discussed briefly below.
EA NLU: Practical Language Understanding for Cognitive Modeling

This paper presents an approach to creating flexible general-logic representations from language for use in high-level reasoning tasks in cognitive modeling. These representations are grounded in a large-scale ontology and emphasize the need for semantic breadth at the cost of syntactic breadth. The task-independent interpretation process allows task-specific pragmatics to guide the interpretation process. In the context of a particular cognitive model, we discuss our use of limited abduction for interpretation and show results of its performance.
Elevated B cell stimulatory cytokines preceding lymphoma in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) followed by non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma

4323 Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). Chronic B cell hyperactivation due to HIV infection and/or disease progression is thought to contribute to this increased risk. Lymphoma can be the initial AIDS-defining condition, but frequently occurs subsequent to some other AIDS-defining condition. In AIDS-NHL cases that follow another AIDS-defining condition, the extent of B cell activation observed prior to the lymphoma diagnosis may be impacted by the prior AIDS diagnosis. In a nested case-control study utilizing samples from participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we assessed serum levels of several B cell stimulatory cytokines and molecules associated with B cell activation. Cases (AIDS+NHL, n=99) were participants who developed AIDS-NHL subsequent to another, non-lymphoma AIDS diagnosis; controls (AIDS, n=99) were participants who developed AIDS, but not lymphoma, matched to cases on time of AIDS diagnosis. Levels of interleukin (IL) 6, IL10, soluble CD23 (sCD23), sCD27, sCD30, C’-reactive protein (CRP), and total IgE were quantified in matched longitudinal serum samples collected at up to three time points prior to lymphoma diagnosis of the case (3-5 years, 1-3 years, and
Camoco: A Net for the Sea of Candidate Genes

Connecting phenotypic variance to causal genetic variants is hard. Forward and reverse genetic approaches allow us to build these connections only one at a time and rely on chance and prior knowledge of appropriate targets, respectively. On the other hand, quantitative genetic approaches give us
Postoperative Medial Cuneiform Position Correlation With Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Cotton Osteotomy for Reconstruction of the Stage II Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity.

Background:Residual supination of the midfoot during reconstruction of the stage II adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is often addressed with a medial cuneiform (Cotton) osteotomy after adeq...
International Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2010

The International Emergency Medicine (IEM) Literature Review aims to highlight and disseminate high-quality global EM research in the fields of EM development, disaster and humanitarian response, and emergency care in resource-limited settings. For this review, we conducted a Medline search for articles published between January 1 and December 31, 2010, using a set of international and EM search terms and a manual search of journals that have produced large numbers of IEM articles for past reviews. This search produced 6,936 articles, which were divided among 20 reviewers who screened them using established inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles relevant to the field of IEM. Two-hundred articles were selected by at least one reviewer and approved by an editor for scoring. Two independent reviewers using a standardized and predetermined set of criteria then scored each of the 200 articles. The 27 top-scoring articles were chosen for full review. The articles this year trended toward evidence-based research for treatment and care options in resource-limited settings, with an emphasis on childhood illness and obstetric care. These articles represent examples of high-quality inter- national emergency research that is currently ongoing in high-, middle-, and low-income countries alike. This article is not intended to serve as a systematic review or clinical guideline but is instead meant to be a selection of current high-quality IEM literature, with the hope that it will foster further growth in the field, highlight evidence-based practice, and encourage discourse. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:872-879 a 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Evidence for non-steady-state carbon emissions from snow-scoured alpine tundra

High-latitude warming is capable of accelerating permafrost degradation and the decomposition of previously frozen carbon. The existence of an analogous high-altitude feedback, however, has yet to be directly evaluated. We address this knowledge gap by coupling a radiocarbon-based model to 7 years (2008–2014) of continuous eddy covariance data from a snow-scoured alpine tundra meadow in Colorado, USA, where solifluction lobes are associated with discontinuous permafrost. On average, the ecosystem was a net annual source of 232 ± 54 g C m−2 (mean ± 1 standard deviation) to the atmosphere, and respiration of relatively radiocarbon-depleted (i.e., older) substrate contributes to carbon emissions during the winter. Given that alpine soils with permafrost occupy 3.6 × 106 km2 land area and are estimated to contain 66.3 Pg of soil organic carbon (4.5% of the global pool), this scenario has global implications for the mountain carbon balance and corresponding resource allocation to lower elevations. The potential contribution of high altitude permafrost as a climate feedback is unknown. Here the authors show seven years of sustained carbon emissions from snow-scoured alpine tundra including respiration of older carbon substrate from solifluction lobes associated with permafrost during the winter.
Delineating longitudinal patterns of response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Profiling results from a randomized, TNBC enrolling trial to confirm molecular profiling improves survival (ARTEMIS; NCT02276443).

586Background: The heterogeneity of TNBC results in varied responses to NAST: 30-40% of patients (pts) have pathologic complete response (pCR) with excellent prognosis. Those with residual disease,...
A Conceptual Spectral Plume Model for Understanding Tropical Temperature Profile and Convective Updraft Velocities

AbstractThe tropical tropospheric temperature is close to but typically cooler than that of the moist adiabat. The negative temperature deviation from the moist adiabat manifests a C-shape profile ...
Moral Hazard, Skin in the Game Regulation and Rating Quality

This paper theoretically investigates the implications of the "skin in the game" requirements in the Dodd-Frank Act for the rating accuracy of a credit rating agency (CRA). An issuer solicits a rating from a CRA to sell a loan portfolio. The sale is subject to a retention requirement to mitigate a moral hazard problem on the issuer's side. The CRA's optimal rating accuracy is shown to be increasing in the skin that the issuer is required to retain. The analysis relates the optimal retention requirement to the specifics of the CRA's information acquisition problem. The results suggest that the issuers should be required to retain more skin in complex financial securities. Furthermore, the planned introduction of liability rules for CRAs should be accompanied with a reduction in the retention requirements.
A radiative heating model for chondrule and chondrite formation

Abstract We propose that chondrules and chondrites formed together during a brief radiative heating event caused by the close encounter of a small (m to km-scale), primitive planetesimal (SPP) with incandescent lava on the surface of a large (100 km-scale) differentiated planetesimal (LDP). In our scenario, chondrite lithification occurs by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) simultaneously with chondrule formation, in accordance with the constraints of complementarity and cluster chondrites. Thermal models of LDPs formed near t = 0 predict that there will be a very narrow window of time, coincident with the chondrule formation epoch, during which crusts are thin enough to frequently rupture by impact, volcanism and/or crustal foundering, releasing hot magma to their surfaces. The heating curves we calculate are more gradual and symmetric than the “flash heating” characteristic of nebular models, but in agreement with the constraints of experimental petrology. The SPP itself is a plausible source of the excess O, Na and Si vapor pressure (compared to a solar nebula environment) that is required by chondrule observations. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that FeO-poor porphyritic olivine chondrules, the most voluminous type of chondrule, can be made using heating and cooling curves predicted by the “flyby” model. If chondrules are a by-product of chondrite lithification, then their high volume abundance within well-lithified chondritic material is not evidence that they were once widespread within the Solar System. Relatively rare events, such as the flybys modeled here, could account for their abundance in the meteorite record.
Characterizing Pastoral Care Utilization by Cancer Patients

Purpose:To assess the rate of and characterize the utilization of pastoral care (PC) among patients on their cancer treatment trajectory.Methods:Patients included in the present study were diagnose...
Precision medicine and artificial intelligence: overview and relevance to reproductive medicine

Traditionally, new treatments have been developed for the population at large. Recently, large-scale genomic sequencing analyses have revealed tremendous genetic diversity between individuals. In diseases driven by genetic events such as cancer, genomic sequencing can unravel all the mutations that drive individual tumors. The ability to capture the genetic makeup of individual patients has led to the concept of precision medicine, a modern, technology-driven form of personalized medicine. Precision medicine matches each individual to the best treatment in a way that is tailored to his or her genetic uniqueness. To further personalize medicine, precision medicine increasingly incorporates and integrates data beyond genomics, such as epigenomics and metabolomics, as well as imaging. Increasingly, the robust use and integration of these modalities in precision medicine require the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. This modern view of precision medicine, adopted early in certain areas of medicine such as cancer, has started to impact the field of reproductive medicine. Here we review the concepts and history of precision medicine and artificial intelligence, highlight their growing impact on reproductive medicine, and outline some of the challenges and limitations that these new fields have encountered in medicine.
Incidental Findings of Malignancy of the Chest by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (SPECT-CT MPI): One Year Follow-Up Report.

Introduction We recently reported six cases of pulmonary/hilar malignancies as the result of incidental findings (IF) on CT attenuation correction (CTAC) during Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (SPECT-CT MPI). In this study, clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and clinical outcomes were examined on all patients who had malignancies or significant IF that required further follow-up. Methods Of 1,098 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac SPECT-CT MPI from September 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018, their MPI and CTAC were reviewed contemporaneously. Patients with known history of prior pulmonary or chest malignancy were excluded. Results A total of 79 (7.2%) patients were identified to have significant IF on CTAC. After diagnostic CT, 47 patients had significant findings that warranted further follow-up and included in this study. Eight of 1,098 patients (0.73%) and 8/79 patients (10.1%) were found to have malignancy of the chest because of IF on the CTAC. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics and cancer risk factors among patients who had cancer versus those without. At the time of diagnosis, four patients had cancer at an advanced stage, resulting in death within 12 months. Three others had early stage lung cancer and one had mantle cell lymphoma; they were alive at a mean follow-up of 17.5+/-2.1 months. Biopsy for tissue diagnosis was performed safely with needle biopsy. Major complication occurred in one patient (1/9 or 11.1%) with needle biopsy; none with surgical biopsy. Conclusion This study underscored the importance of reviewing CTAC images obtained during cardiac SPECT-CT MPI to detect clinically important IF.
The Digitization of a Nationally Significant Historic Dress Using 3D Apparel Simulation Software

The use of 3D apparel simulation software for prototyping is becoming prevalent in the fashion industry. This technology can also be used as a tool to digitize historic costume for permanent online display and access, to increase audience engagement, and as a marketing tool to draw visitors to online and onsite exhibitions.For this research, a silk and lace evening gown (ca 1920-1930) worn by suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt was simulated using CLO 3D apparel simulation software. The objective was to investigate the tools needed for 3D digitization and visualization of historic costume and to determine the decision-making process.The results show that digitization of historic costume using 3D apparel simulation software is feasible. However, it requires construction knowledge of historic garments and silhouettes to create a historically correct simulation. Also, the continuous decision-making process that is involved can be subjective which affects the final results.
Benchmarking monolayer MoS2 and WS2 field-effect transistors.

Here we benchmark device-to-device variation in field-effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer MoS2 and WS2 films grown using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process. Our study involves 230 MoS2 FETs and 160 WS2 FETs with channel lengths ranging from 5 μm down to 100 nm. We use statistical measures to evaluate key FET performance indicators for benchmarking these two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers against existing literature as well as ultra-thin body Si FETs. Our results show consistent performance of 2D FETs across 1 × 1 cm2 chips owing to high quality and uniform growth of these TMDs followed by clean transfer onto device substrates. We are able to demonstrate record high carrier mobility of 33 cm2 V−1 s−1 in WS2 FETs, which is a 1.5X improvement compared to the best reported in the literature. Our experimental demonstrations confirm the technological viability of 2D FETs in future integrated circuits. Here, the authors perform a benchmark study of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, i.e., 230 MoS2 and 160 WS2 FETs, and track device-to-device variations to gauge the technological viability in future integrated circuits.
Rupture of splenic artery aneurysm in a man with polycythemia vera and acquired von Willebrand syndrome.

A 65-year-old man experienced sudden onset of abdominal pain while working on his farm without significant trauma. He heard a ‘pop’ sound, followed by abdominal pain, lightheadedness and diaphoresis. He has a history of polycythemia vera (PV) and chronic severe splenomegaly, treated with
Adaptive Line Impedance Estimation Algorithm for DC Microgrid Systems

This paper proposes a novel closed loop adaptive cable line resistance estimation method for DC Microgrid to ensure accurate load sharing and enhanced DC bus voltage regulation. The proposed method injects a small voltage perturbation to the DC bus voltage reference for a short period of time and estimates the cable line resistance value associated with the DC/DC converters in the DC Microgrid by employing a closed loop estimation algorithm. Additionally, the proposed method considers the effect of cable line inductance in the estimation procedure for making it more robust and can perform seamlessly at small perturbation levels with very small perturbation-time interval. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed method doesn't require any additional hardware circuitry or superimposed frequency to determine the cable line resistance. Detailed simulation in MATLAB/Simulink, experimental results along with comparison with the existing estimation methodologies has been presented to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Biomarker-based visceral adiposity score and incident type 2 diabetes in the multiethnic cohort.

ABSTRACT Purpose Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may be more important than subcutaneous fat in type 2 diabetes (T2D) etiology. We examined a VAT score developed in reference to MRI measurement of VAT in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) as a risk factor for incident T2D. Methods Two nested case-control studies of cancer allowed calculation of the VAT score based on anthropometric measures and 8 biomarkers among 2,556 participants without T2D. Incident cases were identified from Medicare linkages and self-reports after blood draws in 2001–2006. Cox regression with age as time metric was applied to estimate the association of the VAT score with T2D. Results During 10.1 ± 2.4 years, 355 incident T2D cases were identified. VAT scores were higher in T2D cases than among those without disease (5.06±0.43 vs. 4.95±0.41; P Conclusion These findings support that VAT as estimated by a biomarker-based score predicts T2D incidence beyond BMI in particular among older adults of Japanese ancestry.
“Global Engineering Ethics”: Re-inventing the Wheel?

This chapter defends four propositions: (1) There are already global standards of engineering practice, standards that are (more or less) what is needed; therefore, there is no need to create such standards from scratch. (2) Engineers do not need global registration or licensing. Neither registration nor licensing would increase the “professionalism” of engineers. Professionalism is independent of both registration and licensing. (3) Engineers have and, therefore, do not need, a global code of engineering ethics (though there is room for improvement). (4) Engineers have (and therefore do not need) a global curriculum for engineering ethics. Rather than trying to “re-invent the wheel”, we should be proposing refinements to engineering’s standards of practice, codes of ethics, and curriculum.
Mycotoxin from a Blue-Eye Mold of Corn

High-moisture yellow dent corn became heavily molded by Penicillium martensii after storage for 6 months at 1 C. Mice ingesting corn molded by P. martensii died within a few days. The toxin was isolated and identified as penicillic acid. Large quantities of the toxin accumulated over a 3-month period on artificially inoculated corn incubated at temperatures between 1 and 15 C. At higher temperatures, the toxin disappeared within 45 days.
Evaluation of Language Tests Through Validation Research

The evaluation of language assessments and tests is introduced as validation—the justification of the interpretations and uses of testing outcomes. A variety of approaches to validation have appeared over the past decades in the published language-testing research, and therefore the professional literature contains a variety of analytic frameworks, each suggesting particular types of evaluative data obtained in the process of validation. Today a variety of approaches still exist, but argument-based validation is the most recent and productive. Examples are provided to show how validity arguments for high stakes and low stakes tests can be developed, and challenges in developing validity arguments are described. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Assessment methods; Classroom assessment
Multicast-based Architecture for IP Mobility: Simulation Analysis and Comparison with Basic Mobile IP

With the introduction of a newer generation of wireless devices and technologies, the need for an efficient architecture for IP mobility is becoming more apparent. Several architectures have been proposed to support IP mobility. Most studies, however, show that current architectures, in general, fall short from satisfying the performance requirements for wireless applications, mainly audio. Other studies have shown performance improvement by using multicast to reduce latency and packet loss during handoff. In this study, we propose a multicast-based architecture to support IP mobility. We evaluate our approach through simulation, and we compare it to mainstream approaches for IP mobility, mainly, the Mobile IP protocol. Comparison is performed according to the required performance criteria, such as smooth handoff and efficient routing. Our simulation results show significant improvement for the proposed architecture. On average, basic Mobile IP consumes almost twice as much network bandwidth, and experiences more than twice as much end-to-end and handoff delays, as does our proposed architecture. Furthermore, we propose an extension to Mobile IP to support our architecture with minimal modification.
Research with Sexual Minority Youths

Abstract During the last three decades, a growing body of research has documented the psychosocial risks and challenges facing sexual minority youths. This paper discusses the evolution of research with sexual minority youths, current trends that should be continued, and recommendations for a social work research agenda aimed at enhancing the health and well-being of these adolescents. This agenda should include integrating sexual minority issues into general studies of adolescence, more studies of transgender youth, longitudinal studies, intervention research, and further consideration of ethical issues in the conduct of research with sexual minority youth.
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory-Motor Connections

The construction of spinal sensory-motor circuits involves the selection of appropriate synaptic partners and the allocation of precise synaptic input densities. Many aspects of spinal sensory-motor selectivity appear to be preserved when peripheral sensory activation is blocked, which has led to a view that sensory-motor circuits are assembled in an activity-independent manner. Yet it remains unclear whether activity-dependent refinement has a role in the establishment of connections between sensory afferents and those motor pools that have synergistic biomechanical functions. We show here that genetically abolishing central sensory-motor neurotransmission leads to a selective enhancement in the number and density of such "heteronymous" connections, whereas other aspects of sensory-motor connectivity are preserved. Spike-timing-dependent synaptic refinement represents one possible mechanism for the changes in connectivity observed after activity blockade. Our findings therefore reveal that sensory activity does have a limited and selective role in the establishment of patterned monosynaptic sensory-motor connections.
Orbit Design for Phase I and II of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) is a NASA mission intended to make fundamental advancements in our understanding of the Earth s magnetosphere. There are three processes that MMS is intended to study including magnetic reconnection, charged particle acceleration, and turbulence. There are four phases of the MMS mission and each phase is designed to study a particular region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The mission is composed of a formation of four spacecraft that are nominally in a regular tetrahedron formation. In this work, we present optimal orbit designs for Phase I and II. This entails designing reference orbits such that the spacecraft dwell-time in the region of interest is a maximum. This is non-trivial because the Earth's magnetosphere is dynamic and its shape and position are not constant in inertial space. Optimal orbit design for MMS also entails designing the formation so that the relative motion of the four spacecraft yields the greatest science return. We develop performance metrics that are directly related to the science return, and use Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to determine optimal relative motion solutions. While designing for optimal science return, we also consider practical constraints such as maximum eclipse time and minimum inter-spacecraft separation distances. Data are presented that illustrates how long we can ensure that the formation remains in the relevant region of the Earth's magnetosphere. We also draw general conclusions about where in the orbit acceptable tetrahedron configurations can be provided and for how long.
On characterizations of multiwavelets in ²(ℝⁿ)

We present a new approach to characterizing (multi)wavelets by means of basic equations in the Fourier domain. Our method yields an uncomplicated proof of the two basic equations and a new characterization of orthonormality and completeness of (multi)wavelets.
The histiocytoid hemangiomas. A unifying concept embracing several previously described entities of skin, soft tissue, large vessels, bone, and heart.

Abstract The proposal is made that a number of previously described entities of skin, soft tissue, large vessels, bone, and heart actually constitute different manifestations of the same basic process, characterized by the proliferation of a highly distinctive type of cell descriptively identified as a “histiocytoid endothelial cell.” The entities in question are angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and related cutaneous and subcutaneous disorders, atypical vascular proliferation of large vessels, hemangioendothelioma of bone, and endocardial benign angioreticuloma of the heart. The main cell that proliferates in all these conditions has the basic features of an endothelial cell, but also exhibits histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics that are more akin to those of a histiocyte. These unusual features could be the expression of a morphologic abnormality or represent an overgrowth of a specific and as yet undefined subpopulation of endothelial cells, such as Majno's “contractile endothelial cell.” Whether this group of proliferative diseases is of a reactive or a neoplastic nature is not immediately apparent, although the latter seems more likely, However, it is clear that the behavior of these lesions, as a group, is quite indolent and even self-limited, in contrast to the aggressive behavior and often fatal outcome of the true angiosarcomas that they so closely resemble on microscopic grounds. The term “histiocytoid hemangioma” is suggested for this group of disorders.
Visual Function: A Theoretical Model for Individuals with Low Vision.

One's ability to function visually is determined by many factors. A theoretical model is proposed that organizes these factors into a pliable three-dimensional structure composed of visual abilitie...
Assessing the Impact of a Research-Based STEM Program on STEM Majors' Attitudes and Beliefs.

The Science, Engineering, and Technology Gateway of Ohio (SETGO) program has a three-pronged approach to meeting the needs at different levels of students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pipeline. The SETGO program was an extensive collaboration between a two-year community college and a nearby four-year institution. Two of these approaches, the STEM Summer Research Program and Owens Ready Bridge, have been found to be effective in significantly increasing participants' beliefs and attitudes for both males and females. Participants cite integrative learning activities, mentoring, and small group interactions as some reasons for their growth. This study utilized a mixed-method approach to better understand the reasons for participant and program success. After five years of evaluation of the SETGO program, findings suggest that students feel more confident not only in their preparation for the rigors of a STEM degree, but also in their decisions to complete the degree.
Superior results of ileoanal pullthrough (IAPT) in polyposis coli vs ulcerative colitis patients

Colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and ileoanal pull through (IAPT) have replaced proctocolectomy as the operation of choice in most patients with the colorectal mucosal diseases ulcerative colitis and polyposis coli. This study was conducted to determine whether there is any difference in postoperative morbidity and long-term functional results when IAPT is performed for polyposis coli than when it is performed for ulcerative colitis patients. Between 1982 and 1989, 277 IAPT procedures were performed at the University of Utah Medical Center, 239 for ulcerative colitis and 38 for polyposis coli syndromes. A prospective study compared polyposis and colitis patients after IAPT with regards to age, family history, preoperative findings, operative findings, postoperative complications, and long-term complications. Functional results were compared including day and night stool frequency, incidence of nighttime incontinence, and incidence of pouchitis. The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the polyposis group than in the colitis group, but the numbers were low enough in both diseases that significant differences were not detected. However, the incidence of pouchitis (0% vs 19%), day (4.2 vs 6.0) and night (0.4 vs 0.9) stool frequency, and nighttime incontinence (5% vs 25%) was significantly lower in the polyposis group when compared to the colitis group. We conclude that IAPT performed for polyposis conditions is associated with superior results when compared with results from patients who undergo the procedure for ulcerative colitis.
Too big to succeed

We hear the phrase 'too big to fail' a lot these days. It means a company that is so vital to the national economy that its demise would be catastrophic, so the government will go to extraordinary lengths to keep it afloat. General Motors Corporation, the sinking US car maker, is said to be too big to fail. Lehman Brothers, the investment bank whose collapse precipitated financial crises around the world, was too big to fail - although George W Bush's Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Paulson, didn't realize that in time. And, as the world credit market tries to become unstuck before a global depression sets in, we hear the same thing about two US bank holding companies, Bank of America and Citibank.