cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invertebrate micronekton and macrozooplankton in the Marguerite Bay region of the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract Invertebrate micronekton and macrozooplankton in the Marguerite Bay region of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) were sampled using a 10-m2 MOCNESS as part of the Southern Ocean Global Ecosystem Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) program. A total of 62 trawls were completed during four separate cruises in the austral fall (April–June) and winter (July–September) of 2001 and 2002. Crustaceans dominated the system in both seasons, accounting for 32 of the 55 species captured in the fall and 30 of the 48 species captured in winter. In both seasons, a very few species made up the majority of the catch. In the fall, the euphausiids Euphausia crystallorophias, Euphausia superba, and Thysanoessa macrura, and the mysid Antarctomysis ohlinii numerically dominated the assemblage, contributing over 85% of the total. In the winter, the same three euphausiids and the chaetognath Pseudosagitta gazellae were the numerical dominants, comprising over 90% of the catch. A significant increase in total abundance and biomass was observed from 2001 to 2002. The invertebrate micronekton/macrozooplankton communities found in the Marguerite Bay region of the WAP were a mixture of oceanic and neritic fauna: a direct result of local hydrographic conditions. Near the shelf break and in the outer reaches of the Marguerite Trough, a deep canyon transecting the shelf in a south-southeast direction, the communities were more diverse, dominated by oceanic species such as Euphausia triacantha, Salpa thompsoni, and Themisto gaudichaudi. The assemblages present in the nearshore fjords exhibited lower diversity and were dominated by neritic species such as E. crystallorophias and A. ohlinii. At the mid-shelf and mid-trough locations, the assemblages were composed of a variable mixture of oceanic and neritic fauna. The faunal mixing and overall species composition in those areas is the result of episodic Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) intrusions onto the shelf via deep bathymetric features such as the Marguerite Trough. Species diversity and integrated abundance for the upper 200 m of the water column were similar between seasons in the WAP study region, but integrated biomass was nearly three times greater in fall than in winter. Integrated estimates from the WAP study region were similar to those from other studies conducted in the Scotia and Weddell Seas, but were orders of magnitude lower than estimates from a study in Croker Passage, primarily due to a large catch of E. superba. In contrast, species diversity in the WAP was higher than recorded in any of the previously mentioned studies, which is due to the mixing of typical oceanic fauna with endemic nearshore fauna.
The one-third law of evolutionary dynamics

Evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations provide a new framework for studying selection of traits with frequency-dependent fitness. Recently, a "one-third law" of evolutionary dynamics has been described, which states that strategy A fixates in a B-population with selective advantage if the fitness of A is greater than that of B when A has a frequency 13. This relationship holds for all evolutionary processes examined so far, from the Moran process to games on graphs. However, the origin of the "number"13 is not understood. In this paper we provide an intuitive explanation by studying the underlying stochastic processes. We find that in one invasion attempt, an individual interacts on average with B-players twice as often as with A-players, which yields the one-third law. We also show that the one-third law implies that the average Malthusian fitness of A is positive.
Roles of cis-acting elements and chromatin structure in Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression

The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene of D. melanogaster is transcribed from two different promoters during fly development: the distal (adult) and the proximal (embryonic-larval). Certain aspects of Adh gene regulation are represented in Drosophila continuous cell lines. We have used Drosophila tissue culture cells in an in vivo transient expression assay to delimit cis-acting sequences affecting Adh expression, and to investigate the role of chromatin structure in Adh gene regulation. These studies show that positive cis-acting elements of the distal promoter can exist in at least 2 alternative chromatin configurations. There is a close correlation between specific transcriptional activity of the Adh distal promoter and a defined, localized chromatin structural change that indicates altered DNA-protein interactions. Thus, chromatin structure appears to play a role in regulating the accessibility of defined positive cis-acting regulatory sequences of Adh to transcription factors and the transcription machinery.
Activation of Estrogen Receptor-α by E2 or EGF Induces Temporally Distinct Patterns of Large-Scale Chromatin Modification and mRNA Transcription

Estrogen receptor-α (ER) transcription function is regulated in a ligand-dependent (e.g., estradiol, E2) or ligand-independent (e.g., growth factors) manner. Our laboratory seeks to understand these two modes of action. Using a cell line that contains a visible prolactin enhancer/promoter array (PRL-HeLa) regulated by ER, we analyzed ER response to E2 and EGF by quantifying image-based results. Data show differential recruitment of GFP-ER to the array, with the AF1 domain playing a vital role in EGF-mediated responsiveness. Temporal analyses of large-scale chromatin dynamics, and accumulation of array-localized reporter mRNA over 24 hours showed that the EGF response consists of a single pulse of reporter mRNA accumulation concomitant with transient increase in array decondensation. Estradiol induced a novel cyclical pattern of mRNA accumulation with a sustained increase in array decondensation. Collectively, our work shows that there is a stimuli-specific pattern of large-scale chromatin modification and transcript levels by ER.
Bleeding complications of central venous catheterization in septic patients with abnormal hemostasis.

Abstract Objectives Central venous catheterization (CVC) is thought to be relatively contraindicated in patients with thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy. We measured the 24-hour incidence of bleeding in septic emergency department (ED) patients undergoing CVC. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included septic ED patients undergoing CVC with one of the following: platelets less than 100 000/ μ L, international normalized ratio at least 1.3, or partial thromboplastin time at least 35 seconds. Major bleeding included radiographically confirmed intrathoracic, mediastinal, or internal neck hemorrhage or line-related bleeding causing hemodynamic compromise. Minor bleeding included local oozing or superficial hematoma. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to determine the association between candidate variables and hemorrhagic complications. Results Of the 936 cases, mean age was 68.1 years; 535 (57.2%) were male. Two or more qualifying laboratory abnormalities were present in 204 cases (21.8%). The proceduralists were predominately attendings (790; 84.4%). The initial veins were the internal jugular (n = 800; 85.5%), subclavian (n = 123; 13.1%), and femoral (n = 13; 1.4%). Initial access was successful in 872 cases (93.2%). We found one case (95% upper confidence limit: 0.6%) of major bleeding and 37 cases (4.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8%-5.4%) of minor bleeding. Only failed access at the initial site was independently associated with hemorrhagic outcomes: adjusted odds ratio 8.2 (95% CI, 3.7-18.0). Conclusions Major bleeding from CVC in ED patients with abnormal hemostasis is rare. Minor bleeding is uncommon and infrequently requires intervention. Successful catheterization on the initial attempt is associated with fewer hemorrhagic complications. These results can inform the risk/benefit calculus for CVC in this population.
Global Localization of Objects via Touch

Humans are capable of manipulating objects based solely on the sense of touch. For robots to achieve the same feat in unstructured environments, global localization of objects via touch is required. Bayesian approaches provide the means to cope with uncertainties of the real world, but the estimation of the Bayesian posterior for the full six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) global localization problem is computationally prohibitive. We propose an efficient Bayesian approach termed Scaling Series. It is capable of solving the full problem reliably in real time. This is a Monte Carlo approach that performs a series of successive refinements coupled with annealing. We also propose an analytical measurement model, which can be computed efficiently at run time for any object represented as a polygonal mesh. Extensive empirical evaluation shows that Scaling Series drastically outperforms prior approaches. We demonstrate general applicability of the approach on five common solid objects, which are rigidly fixed during the experiments. We also consider 6-DOF localization and tracking of free-standing objects that can move during tactile exploration.
The Aging of Resonators and Oscillators Under Various Test Conditions

During measurement of the aging of resonators and oscillators, it has been customary to minimize the effects of all frequencydetermining parameters other than time. It is important to perform the experiments at constant temperature, drive level, etc. in order to be sure that the frequency changes measured are due to "aging, and not to some other changing parameter. In many real-world applications, however, the oscillators' aging occurs simultaneously with exposure to changing environments. Aging experiments on oscillators indicate that power on-off cycling and temperature cycling of the oscillators during aging does not worsen the total frequency change during the aging period, in most cases. Changing the resonator drive level in discrete steps did not affect the aging rates of precision SC-cut oscillators, up to 2.5 ma of drive current. The aging of precision SC-cut resonators did not improve significantly when the aging was performed at temperatures about 100°C lower than the temperatures at which ovenized oscillators are usually operated.
Predicting Underground Distribution System Availability

The development of an elementary computer program package which can be used to predict the availability of a theoretical radial underground-distribution circuit from the substation to the home is described. The calculations are based on input values of outage rates and times required to perform specific functions. The programs are applied to circuit configurations with various combinations of fault indicators, fault current interrupters, manual sectionalizing points, and manual and automatic tie-point equipment on the main and lateral circuits. Illustrative results show the effect of variation in these items as well as in the basic circuit configuration and operating procedures.
Rhetorical evaluation of user interfaces

This paper introduces an approach for evaluating user interfaces built on visual rhetoric and the rhetorical notion of function. A personal informatics mobile application has been selected to exemplify the application of this approach. Through the results of this example evaluation, this paper discusses the consequence of applying a rhetorical evaluation to a user interface. In this discussion, it is observed that inspecting the function performed by interface components takes into account experiences, communication, and meaning. In addition, it fosters reflection and criticism.
Integrative systems control approach for reactivating Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) with combinatory drugs

Cells serve as basic units of life and represent intricate biological molecular systems. The vast number of cellular molecules with their signaling and regulatory circuitries forms an intertwined network. In this network, each pathway interacts non-linearly with others through different intermediates. Thus, the challenge of manipulating cellular functions for desired outcomes, such as cancer eradication and controlling viral infection lies within the integrative system of regulatory circuitries. By using a closed-loop system control scheme, we can efficiently analyze biological signaling networks and manipulate their behavior through multiple stimulations on a collection of pathways. Specifically, we aimed to maximize the reactivation of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) in a Primary Effusion Lymphoma cell line. The advantage of this approach is that it is well-suited to study complex integrated systems; it circumvents the need for detailed information of individual signaling components; and it investigates the network as a whole by utilizing key systemic outputs as indicators.
Rights and Wrongs of Welfare Reform: A Feminist Approach

How do feminists frame a critique of welfare reform that supports women's efforts to achieve economic independence without embracing the oppressive nature of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act? By taking a human rights perspective, this article asserts that the success of any welfare program should be evaluated by whether it achieves its fundamental goal of allowing single mothers to keep their children and provide for them adequately. Both income and work are only means toward this end and are judged according to how well they achieve it.
The Naive Lexical Hypothesis: Evidence from Computer-Assisted Language Learning.

(CALL) environments provide tools such as word-processing and database searching which encourage creative interaction by students with a rich environment for foreign language learning supported by databases of reference materials.1 The new technology also encourages the direct involvement of instructors in the learning process, by offering the possibility of recording student responses and response paths in real time. This previously inaccessible "window" into the students' searches in the dictionary or grammar reference during the composing process now permits new insights into the way students process language information. Not only does this possibility permit evaluation of the effectiveness of the instructional software
Impacts of Electric Heat on Generation and Primary Fuel Requirements

Electric utilities are forecasting increased penetrations of electric heat as a result of potential shortages and higher prices of heating oil and natural gas. However, the amount, the type, and the insulation levels of the electric heated structures, and thus the resulting benefits and implications remain uncertain. A credible evaluation of electric heat benefits and implications requires an aggregate evaluation of generating capacity and electric demand over a realistic planning period. Methods for performing these evaluations have been developed by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. These methods couple a physically and weather based electric demand forecast model with a generation planning model that utilizes linear programming to calculate the corresponding optimal generation and operating strategy. This data is then postprocessed to calculate the incremental generation and primary fuel requirements for electric heat. This paper employs a New York State data base of electric generation, load patterms, electric heat forecasts and weather to calculate the generation and primary fuel requirements for electric heat during the 1980 to 1999 planning period.
New Public Management and Bureaucracy Versus Business Values and Bureaucracy

Privatizing public services continues to affect the field of public person- nel management. It is recently and widely reported that approximately 850,000 government jobs will be opened to private companies under new rules encouraging competition to replace federal workers who perform a variety of tasks. The rationale continues to be that many public service jobs can be done better and more cheaply by private businesses. This provides the context for a vigorous exchange between Fred Thomp- son and HughT. Miller on the merits and legitimacy of suchmarket-driven government reforms. Thompson claims traditional organizational arrange- ments are outmoded, and importing private sector models of managerial success into the public sector enhances productivity and democratic gover- nance. Hugh Miller disagrees, rejecting the notion that the public sector has the responsibility to make itself more like business. He also questions to what extent limited government is good for democracy. Although Thomp- son and Miller may not have convinced each other, the reader will benefit from this elegant exchange.
Possible petrogenetic relations between low- and high-MgO Aleutian basalts

Although the volumetrically dominant lava in the Aleutian arc is basaltic, its petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic character is variable, and the petrologic significances of the different basalts have been much debated. To evaluate possible petrogenetic relations, all available petrographic, major-, trace- and rare-earth-element and isotopic data from Aleutian basalts (n = 205) have been collected. On the basis of MgO content, basaltic ( 2 ) lavas have been divided into three major classes: high-magnesia basalts, transitional basalts, and low-MgO basalts. Low-MgO basalts have less than 6% MgO and constitute 67% of the analyzed basalts. Using Al 2 O 3 content, this basalt class has been further divided into two subclasses. Low-alumina basalts, the less abundant class (15% of the low-MgO basalts), have less than 18 wt % Al 2 O 3 and 450 ppm Sr and high TiO 2 (>1.0 wt %), FeO t (>9%) and incompatible element abundances. High-alumina basalts (≥18 wt % Al 2 O 3 ) are characterized by low TiO 2 (≤1 wt %) and ≤9% FeO t , low incompatible- and compatible- element contents and high Sr abundances (≥450 ppm). Transitional basalts are defined as basalts with between 6 and 9 wt % MgO. High-magnesia basalts (MgO >9 wt %) constitute 10% of the analyzed Aleutian basaltic lavas and occur at only a few volcanic centers. Fractionation of high-magnesia basaltic magma is unlikely to produce magma compositions similar to high-alumina basalts. The compositional data are, however, consistent with assimilation of lithospheric material by high-alumina basaltic liquid to produce high-magnesia basaltic magmas and generation of low-alumina basalts by crystal fractionation of these hybrid liquids. Within this context, high-alumina basaltic magmas are considered primary.
Primary subcutaneous myxoid liposarcoma: a clinicopathologic review of three cases with molecular confirmation and discussion of the differential diagnosis

Background Myxoid liposarcoma typically presents as a deep-seated mass in the lower extremity of adults. Presentation as a primary subcutaneous tumor is rare. Here we discuss clinicopathologic characteristics of three such cases and their differential diagnosis to alert dermatopathologists to this unusual clinical presentation of a potentially aggressive entity. Methods Cases of myxoid liposarcoma were retrieved from archives and consultation files. Inclusion required location above the subcutaneous fascia with no evidence of a metastatic origin. Clinicopathologic features were retrospectively reviewed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for DDIT3 (CHOP) gene rearrangement was performed on all cases. Results The tumors affected young adults (two males and one female, mean 36 years, range 32–40 years). No prior history of myxoid liposarcoma or deep soft tissue mass was identified. The tumors occurred in the foot, thigh and hand. All demonstrated multilobular architecture with abundant myxoid stroma, prominent branching capillary vascular network and lipoblastic differentiation. No dermal involvement was seen. Round cell features were identified in one case and represented <5% of the tumor. All patients remain disease-free following local excision only at 6, 8 and 13 months. Conclusions Myxoid liposarcoma can rarely present as a primary subcutaneous mass and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous myxoid tumors in adults.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) is emerging as a multipurpose imaging modality for the assessment of cardiovascular disease in general and ischemic heart disease in particular. Currently, the pace of innovation is rapid, and the modality is changing from one that is used primarily as a research tool to one that is increasingly used in routine clinical practice. The process of innovation includes not only improvements in scanner hardware, such as coil and gradient technology, and the development of new contrast agents but also the development of novel pulse sequences. The concept of the pulse sequence, in which programming changes at the scanner can lead to fundamental changes in activating tissue, is unique to MR and gives this modality the potential to assess a vast number of biological parameters. Cardiovascular MR promises to play an important clinical and investigational role in both vascular and cardiac systems. Current and potential future applications of cardiovascular MR will be discussed with a particular focus on ischemic heart disease. Multidetector-row computed tomography, another promising and complementary noninvasive imaging technology, will be discussed briefly in relation to cardiovascular MR for the assessment of atherothrombotic disease. ### Nomenclature and Evolving Imaging Assessment Atherothrombosis is a systemic or multiterritory arterial disease that primarily affects the large- and medium systemic arteries, including the aorta and the carotid, coronary, and peripheral arteries. Although the epicardial coronary arteries appear to be the most susceptible to atherothrombosis,1,2 intramyocardial arteries are relatively resistant. The concept of multiterritory atherothrombosis has been addressed in 2 large studies of symptomatic patients that showed that at entry into the studies, 3% to 8% had symptomatic atherothrombotic disease in all 3 main arterial districts and 23% to 32% had disease in 2 districts.3,4 From a structural point of view, the 4 main components of the atherothrombotic plaques are as follows: (1) fibrocellular, …
Isolation and characterization of heparin-binding growth factors in human leiomyomas and normal myometrium.

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign, smooth muscle cell (SMC) tumors of the myometrium containing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparin-binding growth factors present in leiomyoma and normal myometrial fresh tissue were isolated using heparin-affinity fast protein liquid chromatography. Purification of these growth factors was monitored by the stimulation of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into BALBc-3T3 cells and myometrial SMC. Western blot analysis confirmed that two consistent peaks of growth factor activity (eluting at 0.5 M NaCI and 1.7 M NaCI) were platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), 31 kDa, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 18 kDa, respectively. Northern blot analysis of leiomyoma and myometrial tissue revealed three RNA transcripts (2.8, 2.3, and 1.9 kb) for PDGF-A chain, one RNA transcript (4.0 kb) for PDGF-B chain, and two RNA transcripts (3.7 and 3.5 kb) for bFGF. RNase protection assay showed elevated expression of the bFGF mRNA transcript in leiomyomas in 3 out of 5 patients. Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded tissue showed that PDGF was predominantly intracellular in both vascular and myometrial SMC. Basic FGF, by contrast, was found primarily bound to the ECM of myometrium and fibroids. Leiomyomas showed much stronger staining for bFGF due to the large areas of ECM in these tumors. A third mitogenic peak eluting at 1.1 M NaCI was also seen in both myometrial and leiomyoma tissue. This peak was not definitively identified by Western blotting. However, Northern analysis for heparin binding-epidermal growth factor (HBEGF), which also elutes at 1.1 M NaCl, detected one RNA transcript for HBEGF (2.5 kb) in normal myometrium but little or no expression in the corresponding leiomyoma tissue. lmmunoperoxidase staining showed that HBEGF was a cell-membrane-associated protein in both normal myometrial and leiomyoma SMC with more intense staining in normal myometrium. These results show that both leiomyomas and myometrium synthesize a number of heparin-binding growth factors. The enhanced growth of leiomyomas may be due, in part, to the presence of large quantities of bFGF that are stored in the ECM of these tumors. In addition, the level of HBEGF mRNA declines during the transformation of myometrial SMC into leiomyomas.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue in Two Patients Previously Exposed to Long-Term Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin

Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma possibly related to exposure to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin are presented.
Feasibility of Folded and Double Dipole Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) Cavities for Particle Accelerators

The quadrupole and dipole modes frequencies can be very close in a long four-vane RFQ as structure length increases. This requires extra mode stabilizer design to improve field stability, which may add to system complexity and cost. Therefore, we investigate other four-vane RFQ designs which can have potential advantages and different mode spectrum. These designs are realized by modifying the RFQ cut-back scheme to be a folded-dipole (FD) or a double-dipole (DD) RFQs. In this paper, mode spectrums of these structures are further investigated as function of structure length and dipole mode properties are discussed in detail. Comparison of other properties of the three cut-back methods-FD, DD, and the conventional four cut-backs (4C) - are presented as well. Full 3-D simulations have been carried out for mode analysis of these RFQs with some experimental validation.
Elastic Plates Subjected to Moving Heat Sources

Using uncoupled thermoelastic theories, the plane and bending deformations of infinite plates subjected to moving and stationary heat sources are investigated. It is shown that when heat losses from the faces of the plate are negligible, the stress resultants and couples are expressible in closed form in terms of well-known functions. Also, the unsatisfactory nature of the only existing solution to the problems of deformations of elastic plates by moving heat sources is noted.
Atrial Electrograms After Cardiac Surgery: Survey of Clinical Practice

Background The American Heart Association 2004 practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospitals recommend that nurses record an atrial electrogram whenever tachycardia of unknown origin develops in a patient after cardiac surgery. An atrial electrogram can be recorded from atrial epicardial pacemaker wires left in place following surgery. Because surgical practices have changed in recent years (earlier extubation and mobilization, shorter stays), it is unclear whether epicardial wires are still readily available to record an atrial electrogram. Objective To determine current practices in recording atrial electrograms. Methods A convenience sample of nurses subscribing to the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses electronic newsletter was surveyed. Results The sample comprised 247 nurses who worked in an intensive or progressive care unit in which patients were treated after cardiac surgery. Respondents were from 41 states and 139 cities. Nearly 90% of respondents had more than 5 years' nursing experience; 75% had more than 5 years' experience caring for patients after cardiac surgery. Although 92.1% of respondents reported that atrial epicardial pacing wires were left in place after cardiac surgery, only 10.2% recorded atrial electrograms often, and more than 30% had never recorded one. Analysis of written comments indicated that atrial electrograms are rarely used. Among nurses who had recorded an atrial electrogram, recordings were made about equally with a standard 12-lead electrocardiography machine and a bedside cardiac monitor. Conclusions Although atrial epicardial pacemaker wires are often available for recording atrial electrograms, few nurses use apical epicardial wires for atrial electrograms to analyze arrhythmias.
Musical experience sharpens human cochlear tuning.

The mammalian cochlea functions as a filter bank that performs a spectral, Fourier-like decomposition on the acoustic signal. While tuning can be compromised (e.g., broadened with hearing impairment), whether or not human cochlear frequency resolution can be sharpened through experiential factors (e.g., training or learning) has not yet been established. Previous studies have demonstrated sharper psychophysical tuning curves in trained musicians compared to nonmusicians, implying superior peripheral tuning. However, these findings are based on perceptual masking paradigms, and reflect engagement of the entire auditory system rather than cochlear tuning, per se. Here, by directly mapping physiological tuning curves from stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs)-cochlear emitted sounds-we show that estimates of human cochlear tuning in a high-frequency cochlear region (4 kHz) is further sharpened (by a factor of 1.5×) in musicians and improves with the number of years of their auditory training. These findings were corroborated by measurements of psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) derived via simultaneous masking, which similarly showed sharper tuning in musicians. Comparisons between SFOAE and PTCs revealed closer correspondence between physiological and behavioral curves in musicians, indicating that tuning is also more consistent between different levels of auditory processing in trained ears. Our findings demonstrate an experience-dependent enhancement in the resolving power of the cochlear sensory epithelium and the spectral resolution of human hearing and provide a peripheral account for the auditory perceptual benefits observed in musicians. Both local and feedback (e.g., medial olivocochlear efferent) mechanisms are discussed as potential mechanisms for experience-dependent tuning.
Race and Computing: The Problem of Sources, the Potential of Prosopography, and the Lesson of Ebony Magazine

Historians recognize the need to examine race and technology, but published scholarship has not kept pace. This has been attributed to the absence of archival source materials. In response, scholars have approached "race" from a broad definition, rather than having sought to place persons of color who contributed to the development and innovative application of computing into the historical record. It remains critical to do so. Archives and libraries should undertake to identify and collect materials from persons of color. Meanwhile, scholars may find material in nontraditional sources, and prosopography may prove useful for examining computer professionals of color. At least 57 African Americans working in computing fields between 1959 and 1996 are listed in Ebony magazine. If computing has had little to say about persons of color, it may be better to examine what communities of color have had to say about computing.
A porphyrin with a C═C unit at its center.

The molecule (C═C)TTP (TTP = tetra-p-tolylporphyrin) and the triflate salt of its dication, [(C═C)TTP][OTf]2, have been synthesized and characterized. NMR spectroscopy, nucleus-independent chemical shift calculations, and the crystal structure of (C═C)TTP indicate that (C═C)TTP is antiaromatic and (C═C)TTP2+ is aromatic.
Remote sensing of neutron and gamma radiation using aerial unmanned autonomous system

The system based on unmanned aerial vehicles was designed for remote sensing of neutron and gamma radiation. A swarm of small-scale quadcopters with navigational and sensing capabilities was studied to perform radiation monitoring with dynamically tracked measurements that could be used for analysis and prognostics in temporal and space domains. A Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce3+ scintillation detector equipped with a digital data analysis system was developed for simultaneous gamma-ray spectroscopy and neutron sensing. Pulse shape discrimination was used to segregate neutron and photon signatures. The maximum likelihood estimation technique was employed to search for unattended radiation sources using the data obtained cooperatively by multiple UAVs.
The cooperation of anesthesia nurse and anesthesia doctor in anesthesia

To explore how the anesthesia nurse cooperate with anesthesia doctor in anesthesia by using literature review and experience analysis methods. This paper describes how the anesthesia nurses can better cooperate with anesthesia doctor on the preparation before anesthesia (such as seriously imply checking system, psychological nursing, establish intravenous route, and keep the unobstructed, temperature and humidity), operation in postures, general anesthesia, transfusion and blood transfusion, observation of state of illness and rescue work. And present the importance of strengthening the education of anesthesia nurses.
Research of MSM with HIV in Xiangyang city

Objective Epidemic status was studied by analysing men who have sex with men(MSM) infected with HIV in Xiangyang city,which may provided certain scientific basis for AIDS prevention and treatment. Method 127 cases of HIV patients in Xiangyang in 2007-2012 were statistically analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results Since 2007,MSM infected HIV has been found increasing year by year from 4 to 44 case,and the ratio rose from 4.21% to 24.30%.HIV patients of 15-30 and 60-80 age groups had higher percentage of MSM then other age groups.The rate of MSM in HIV / AIDS patients between 15-60 years old showed a descenting trend.The detection rates of HIV patients through diagnosis and consulting, and project survey were 47.24% and 20.47%, respectively. Among these 127 cases 22.05% had spouse, and the spouse infection rate was 10.71%.Paitents with 2 to 5 sexual partners was 49.61%,which was the most. Conclusion MSM has a high risk of AIDS,and was the main group transmitting HIV. Detection of HIV infection should be strengthened.
Preparation of thymopentin molecularly imprinted polymers on SiO_2 and recognition characteristics

The functional monomer of methylacrylic acid(MAA)and acrylamide(AM)were evaluated using computer simulation technological,the MAA was selected as functional monomer.By coupling action of 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane(MPS),polymethylacrylic acid(PMAA)was grafted on the surface of silica particles.Using solution polymerization method,the molecular imprinted polymer Tp5-MIP was obtained using PMAA/SiO2as vector,thymopentin as the template molecular and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EDMA)as the crosslinking agent.Both static and dynamic binding properties of Tp5-MIP for thymopentin were studied.Result shows that Tp5-MIP exhibits excellent binding affinity and specific selectivity for the template molecule.The recognition resulted from the imprinting process.
Probability of finding at least one euploid embryo and the euploidy rate according to the number of retrieved oocytes and female age using FISH and array CGH

Objective:To assess the probability of finding at least one euploid embryo (POE) and euploidy rate in preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) cycles for aneuploidy testing with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) based on the number of retrieved oocytes after adjustment for age.Design:Retrospective data analysis.Setting:Private in vitro fertilization center in a general hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.Patient(s):In this study, 1412 couples with 1739 cycles were included.Intervention(s):Embryo biopsy at cleavage stage or trophectoderm biopsy analyzed by FISH or aCGH techniques.Main outcome measure(s):Probability of finding at least one euploid embryo for transfer and euploidy rate according to retrieved oocytes after adjustment for age.Result(s):Estimated probabilities of finding at least one euploid embryo were plotted based on age and number of retrieved oocytes. When controlled for age, the POE increased with each additional oocyte retrieved (OR 1.11, 9...
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Advances in Recognition and Therapy

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal co-dominant genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease. It is under-diagnosed, yet early detection and treatment are critical to limit premature atherosclerotic disease. High-intensity statins are the mainstay of treatment, which should be started as early as possible in homozygous FH and as soon as the diagnosis of heterozygous FH is made in adults. Combination therapy is often necessary in FH patients and can include the addition of ezetimibe and bile acid sequestrants. Lipoprotein apheresis is used when pharmacotherapy is inadequate, especially for those with homozygous FH and some patients with severe heterozygous FH. Mipomersen and lomitapide are also indicated for patients with homozygous FH. The recently approved PCSK9 inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, are a promising treatment and outcome studies are ongoing. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FH.
Role of riparian shade on the fish assemblage of a reservoir littoral

Research into the effects of shade on reservoir fish assemblages is lacking, with most investigations focused on streams. Unlike many streams, the canopy in a reservoir shades only a narrow fringe of water adjacent to the shoreline, and may not have the influential effect on the aquatic environment reported in streams. We compared fish assemblages between shaded and unshaded sites in a shallow reservoir. Overall species richness (gamma diversity) was higher in shaded sites, and fish assemblage composition differed between shaded and unshaded sites. Average light intensity was 66 % lower in shaded sites, and differences in average temperature and dissolved oxygen were small. Unlike streams where shade can have large effects on water physicochemistry, in reservoirs shade-related differences in fish assemblages seemed to be linked principally to differences in light intensity. Diversity in light intensity in shaded and unshaded sites in reservoirs can create various mosaics of light-based habitats that enable diversity of species assemblages. Managing to promote the habitat diversity provided by shade may require coping with the artificial nature of reservoir riparian zones and water level fluctuations.
Time-dependent series resistance and implications for voltage acceleration models in BEOL TDDB

A continuous down-scaling of BEOL pitch for advanced process technologies has drastically increased the resistance of Cu interconnects, which brings up a concern of a series resistance effect or IR drop within metal electrode during high voltage TDDB stresses. For accurate TDDB lifetime projections at operating voltages, it is of a critical importance to understand the iR drop in BEoL devices under typically applied high voltage stresses to accurately estimate effective stress voltages and the voltage acceleration parameter of a chosen TDDB model. In this work, we present transient behavior of IV characteristics of BEoL dielectric material (k=2.55, SiCOH), a method of accurately calculating effective stress voltages resulting from time-dependent IR drop, successive breakdown characteristics of comb-serp device to explain the IR drop effect and comparison of breakdown characteristics of various devices possibly with and without IR drop to show that the impact of the IR drop on voltage acceleration parameter is negligible. Finally, our long-term TDDB results (> 2 years) of 64-pitch interconnect made of Cu/ULK (k=2.55, SiCOH) with IR drop corrections on high stress voltages show that the power law model best describes the voltage acceleration behavior of the ULK dielectric material used for our studies.
System-level characterization of modal signaling for high-density off-chip interconnects

In high-speed chip-to-chip single-ended signaling links, far-end crosstalk presents one of the dominant noise sources, limiting the link performance. Diagonalizing the channel using modal decomposition has been proposed to mitigate the crosstalk. However, a practical circuit implementation of such a transceiver system will unavoidably deviate from the ideal (crosstalk-free) eigenvalue decomposition. In this paper, the impact of modal encoder/decoder coefficient quantization, random common and uncorrelated noise on signal integrity is analyzed in terms of system-level performance metrics, SNR and BER. Also discussed is the optimal selection of decoder coefficients with respect to the input-referred noise at the receiver.
Death and Time in Husserl’s C-Manuscripts

This paper outlines a reading of Husserl’s late writings on time and temporality (above all in the C-manuscripts) that aims to fix how Husserl formulates the problem of death from a phenomenological perspective. The guiding question to this end is: what can death tell us about time? The paper explores the possibility of approaching this question by considering first what life has to tell us about time, with the working thesis being that the problem of death bears precisely on how egoic life is conscious of itself as a “whole,” or how the whole of a personal “life” is a given unity of sense for an ego. This approach also promises to illuminate why the theme of death is pursued by Husserl in conjunction not only with the question of birth, but with that of sleep and sedimentation as well, since all of these themes form the basic parameters of Husserl’s conception of egoic life. This paper is meant to be a preliminary exploration of possible ways to approach Husserl’s late writings on time, and concludes with the suggestion that Husserl takes a very different course than other phenomenological philosophers, such as Sartre and Heidegger, who lay much more emphasis on the “ekstatic” character of lived time.
A Randomized Controlled Study of Art Observation Training to Improve Medical Student Ophthalmology Skills.

Purpose Observation and description are critical to the practice of medicine, and to ophthalmology in particular. However, medical education does not provide explicit training in these areas, and medical students are often criticized for deficiencies in these skills. We sought to evaluate the effects of formal observation training in the visual arts on the general and ophthalmologic observational skills of medical students. Design Randomized, single-masked, controlled trial. Participants Thirty-six first-year medical students, randomized 1:1 into art-training and control groups. Methods Students in the art-training group were taught by professional art educators at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, during 6 custom-designed, 1.5-hour art observation sessions over a 3-month period. All subjects completed pre- and posttesting, in which they described works of art, retinal pathology images, and external photographs of eye diseases. Main Outcome Measures Grading of written descriptions for observational and descriptive abilities by reviewers using an a priori rubric and masked to group assignment and pretesting/posttesting status. Results Observational skills, as measured by description testing, improved significantly in the training group (mean change +19.1 points) compared with the control group (mean change −13.5 points), P = 0.001. There were significant improvements in the training vs. control group for each of the test subscores. In a poststudy questionnaire, students reported applying the skills they learned in the museum in clinically meaningful ways at medical school. Conclusions Art observation training for first-year medical students can improve clinical ophthalmology observational skills. Principles from the field of visual arts, which is reputed to excel in teaching observation and descriptive abilities, can be successfully applied to medical training. Further studies can examine the impact of such training on clinical care.
Surface Film Effects on Deformation Behavior of Iron Single Crystals at Cryogenic Temperatures

The loss of ductility of iron and other b.c.c. metals in the cryogenic temperature range is thought to be caused by a rapid decrease in dislocation mobility with decreasing temperature. This is indicated by the large temperature dependence of yield stress at cryogenic temperatures. Mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have been disputed among researchers [1]. In iron, the rate-controlling mechanism for low-temperature deformation appears to be the lattice resistance to screw dislocation motion. The surface film softening (SFS) discussed in this chapter is the most recent observation in support of this theory. In addition, the SFS phenomenon suggests a method to improve the ductility of b.c.c. metals in the cryogenic temperature range.
Analog Spike-Timing-Dependent Resistive Crossbar Design for Brain Inspired Computing

With the rapid advancement in the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the performance of neuromorphic computing systems that employed the emerging devices has entered a new era of high accuracy and energy efficient operations. As one of the most fundamental components in computing systems, encoding scheme characterizes the relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses. Although rate encoding is easier to implement and with high error tolerance, temporal encoding offers high data density and energy efficiency. In this paper, an inter-spike interval (ISI)-based resistive crossbar neuromorphic design, built with the standard CMOS technology, is proposed. Our proposed decoder exhibits not only computation accuracy but also robustness. Another worth-mentioning achievement is the data compressor in our work, which is based on the spike temporal encoding scheme. In this paper, design and performance analysis for proposed ISI-based resistive crossbar are elaborated; as well as the application of our proposed design. 24 patterns are adopted to encode the sensory information which are successfully represented by seven inter-spike intervals leading to significantly high compression rate. To evaluate the performance, a test bench of video frames consisting one person rotating her head from 0° to 75° with an increment of 15° has been employed. The results showed that the ISI code has better performance in both recognition rate and converging speed.
The Politics of US Feminist Internationalism and Cuba: Solidarities and Fractures on the Venceremos Brigades, 1969-89

Despite US travel bans to Cuba, a wide spectrum of US feminist and radical activists defied and crossed geo-political borders to participate in unique modes of solidarity activism and alliances with Cuba revolutionaries. Based on the narratives of US feminist political travellers who joined the Venceremos Brigades, an anti-imperialist radical education project, this article analyses the difficult conversations about feminism, gender politics, homophobia, racism, cultural imperialism, revolutionary priorities, social change strategies, and intersectionality as well as the productive organisational linkages that were generated by this political travel. This article highlights how political differences were both managed and/or silenced within transnational activist encounters, and concludes by suggesting the import of these debates for building and sustaining multi-issue and coalitional affinities within contemporary transnational feminist organising and solidarity delegations.