cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell salvage analysis from clotted blood.

Background Blood clots discovered within body cavities intra-operatively are often manually broken up and placed in an autotransfusion device to recover autologous blood cells. This study evaluated the efficiency at which these red blood cells can be recovered from clot and to determine if these cells would be free of fibrin and clumping which might pose a risk of micro-emboli. Materials and methods Whole blood was aliquoted into 25 mL volume samples. The blood was then allowed to clot, and after 24 hours the clotted blood was manually kneaded by hand for 1, 2, 3, or 5 minutes. One mL of the harvested blood was fixed and processed for scanning electron microscope imaging. Plasma from the rest of the sample was then separated and underwent spectrophotometry for analysis of relative free haemoglobin. Results Blood recovered from the clotted blood ranged from 60 to 80% as time increased from 1 to 5 minutes of kneading. Volume of erythrocytes recovered from 1 minute compared to 2 minutes was statistically significant but not significant between 2 minutes or any longer period of time. Imaging did not show any evidence of fibrin strands or significant cell fragmentation. Spectrophotometry showed a steady increase of observed absorption at 540 nm, indicative of free haemoglobin, as manual kneading time increased. Discussion Red blood cells were able to be efficiently recovered from clotted blood. Imaging studies did not show any evidence of red blood cells trapped within fibrin mesh.
A Bootstrap-based Inference Framework for Testing Similarity of Paired Networks

We live in an interconnected world where network valued data arises in many domains, and, fittingly, statistical network analysis has emerged as an active area in the literature. However, the topic of inference in networks has received relatively less attention. In this work, we consider the paired network inference problem where one is given two networks on the same set of nodes, and the goal is to test whether the given networks are stochastically similar in terms of some notion of similarity. We develop a general inferential framework based on parametric bootstrap to address this problem. Under this setting, we address two specific and important problems: the equality problem, i.e., whether the two networks are generated from the same random graph model, and the scaling problem, i.e., whether the underlying probability matrices of the two random graph models are scaled versions of each other.
Outcomes and Challenges of Manufacturing Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Using IFN-gamma Cytokine Capture System

Background & Aim Background Viral infection/reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) or solid organ transplant (SOT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in drug-refractory patients. Adoptive transfer of allogeneic virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (vCTLs) can rapidly restore antiviral T cell immunity. The IFN-gamma Cytokine Capture System (CCS, Miltenyi) provides a fast and automated method of isolating vCTLs by stimulating them with virus-specific peptides. Aim To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vCTLs manufactured using IFN-gamma CCS on CliniMACS Prodigy® in children and young adults (CAYA) and highlight technical aspects of vCTL manufacturing by this method. Methods, Results & Conclusion Methods CAYA HSCT or SOT recipients with refractory viral infections (CMV, ADV, EBV, BK) received adoptive transfer of vCTLs from haploidentical relatives or matched donors who screened positive for the relevant vCTL. Following non-mobilized leukocytapheresis, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were isolated using IFN-gamma CCS on CliniMACS Prodigy®. Results Fourteen patients have been treated to date (Table 1). Of patients treated for CMV, EBV, ADV, or their combination, 100% (9) achieved complete remission (CR). 2 out of 4 patients treated for BK achieved CR, 2 had partial remission (PR), and one patient treated for CMV/BK had resolution of CMV and no response (NR) to BK. There were no episodes of acute Grade II-IV GVHD, chronic GVHD, CRS, or infusion reactions. We noted occasional discordance between donor viral serology and their response to the stimulation by the viral Peptivator; for example, we successfully manufactured anti-ADV vCTLs from a donor who was serologically negative to adenovirus. Flow cytometry analysis of rare events in a limited sample required sequential gating strategy to maximally reduce background noise. Products thus manufactured have unique properties, such as low cell dose and high debris content, which may face additional regulatory scrutiny. Conclusion Despite its unique challenges, vCTL manufacturing is rapid, reproducible and effective, and vCTLs are safe and well tolerated in CAYA with HSCT and SOT.
Mathematics in Secondary School Vocational Education Programs.

CURRENT investigation by math ematics educators into the problem of the low achiever invites further inquiry into the question of whether we are meeting our responsibility to the fullest extent. Research regarding the problem of the low achiever has shown that a signifi cantly greater number of students are capable of learning much more math ematics than present programs now suc ceed in teaching. Most mathematics edu cators would also agree that a heavy responsibility rests with them to equip coming generations with a command of mathematics commensurate with the de mands of an increasingly technological life situation. This is an educational task of monumental proportions. It is the thesis of this paper that it is the responsibility of the mathematics educator to make critical inquiry into a major aspect of secondary education, the vocational education program, for it is to this type of educational program that the low achievers are now relegated in large number, and from which they emerge unlearned, untrained, and incapable of adequately functioning in society. Changes in vocational education cannot be ex pected to come from within, since edu cators in this field are not prepared to correct the weaknesses inherent in the present system. If it is to prepare young men and women for the world of work, vocational education must replace the outmoded practices that have been relied on during the past fifty years, long after any justification for them could be offered. There is evidence (as will be shown later) that mathematics educators have accepted the notion of the desirability of the continued existence of vocational education programs and, indeed, have lent support to their expansion. They have not really challenged the validity of the programs or the quality of the mathe matics offered within these programs. Mathematics educators would be short
Making No Bones About It: Prologue III

Untheories Of The Novel Literary Essays From Diderot To Markson takes a closer look at the diversity of fiction writing from Diderot to David Markson and by so doing calls into question the notion of a singular “theory of fiction,” especially in relation to the novel. Unlike Forster’s approach to “Aspects of the Novel,” which implied there is only one kind of novel to which there may be an aspect, the text deconstructs how one approach to studying something as protean as the novel cannot be accomplished, hence the notion of an “untheory” of the novel that brings to the fore the undeniable creative expansiveness of the novel. To that end, the text uses Diderot’s This Is Not A Story (1772) and David Markson’s This Is Not A Novel (2016) as a frame and between them are essays on De Maistre’s Voyage Around My Room, Machado de Assis’s Posthumous Memoirs Of Bras Cubas, Andre Breton’s Nadja, and Elizabeth Smart’s Grand Central Station I Sat Down And Wept.
Radiology "forensics": determination of age and sex from chest radiographs using deep learning.

To develop and test the performance of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for automated classification of age and sex on chest radiographs (CXR). We obtained 112,120 frontal CXRs from the NIH ChestX-ray14 database performed in 48,780 females (44%) and 63,340 males (56%) ranging from 1 to 95 years old. The dataset was split into training (70%), validation (10%), and test (20%) datasets, and used to fine-tune ResNet-18 DCNNs pretrained on ImageNet for (1) determination of sex (using entire dataset and only pediatric CXRs); (2) determination of age < 18 years old or ≥ 18 years old (using entire dataset); and (3) determination of age < 11 years old or 11–18 years old (using only pediatric CXRs). External testing was performed on 662 CXRs from China. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate DCNN test performance. DCNNs trained to determine sex on the entire dataset and pediatric CXRs only had AUCs of 1.0 and 0.91, respectively (p < 0.0001). DCNNs trained to determine age < or ≥ 18 years old and < 11 vs. 11–18 years old had AUCs of 0.99 and 0.96 (p < 0.0001), respectively. External testing showed AUC of 0.98 for sex (p = 0.01) and 0.91 for determining age < or ≥ 18 years old (p < 0.001). DCNNs can accurately predict sex from CXRs and distinguish between adult and pediatric patients in both American and Chinese populations. The ability to glean demographic information from CXRs may aid forensic investigations, as well as help identify novel anatomic landmarks for sex and age.
Perceptions of police use of force among U.S. adults and the role of communication accommodation in improving police–civilian interactions

This paper examines how U.S. adults define police use-of-force and what these understandings of police violence mean for police–civilian interactions. Our findings show that public attitude is spli...
Extensive scrotal lymphangioma circumscriptum: A case report with successful treatment with staged CO2 laser ablation.

Brief Abstract Scrotal lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is an uncommon, benign skin disorder with multiple treatment modalities. We present staged treatment of extensive LC of the scrotum using staged carbon dioxide (CO2) laser ablation. We achieved near complete resolution of lesions with excellent cosmesis in the span of four months, from presentation to treatment. Therefore, the use of staged CO2 laser ablation should be strongly considered when LC presents in the genitourinary (GU) system, as it can lead to good cosmetic outcomes and prompt symptomatic relief in a short period of time.
Monopole Detector Studies at NBS

The work at the National Bureau of Standards has had three major goals. First, to investigate sources of noise in SQUID-based detector systems and to develop techniques to minimize their disruptive effects. Second, to investigate and identify sources of signals similar in size and signature to those expected from a monopole passage and, again, to eliminate them. Third, to participate in the search for the monopole. To these ends, we have constructed and operated a two-coil coincidence system in several configurations for well over 1000 hours. Because our efforts have been concentrated on the investigation of anomalous effects, not many of these hours can be considered as true detector time.
Speech or Not: Applying Election Law Strict Scrutiny to Campaign Finance Regulations

This Note will argue that even if money is not speech for First Amendment purposes, canipaigi ► contributions and expenditures are still crucial elements of the electoral process and ought to receive some constitutional protection. The United States Supreme Court has in its own election law jurisprudence the analytical tools required to strike a proper balance between the constitutional necessity of a free electoral system and the need to keep elections fair, open, honest and free from corruption. This Note will argue that under the Elections Clause and Qualifications Clause of the United States Constitution, Congress has neither plenary power to regulate campaign finances nor is Congress absolutely barred from enacting all but the most minimal . restrictions. Rather, the Supreme Court should apply a balancing test to determine whether a particular campaign finance regulation violates the basic principles of the electoral system.
From Local Interactions to Collective Intelligence

This paper describes a research program with the goal of understanding the types of simple local interactions which produce complex and purposive group behaviors1. We describe a synthetic, bottom-up approach to studying group behavior, consisting of designing and testing a variety of social interactions and scenarios with artificial agents situated in the physical world. We propose a set of basic interactions which can be used to structure and simplify the process of both designing and analyzing group behaviors. We also demonstrate how these basic interactions can be simply combined into more complex compound group behaviors. The presented behavior repertoire was developed and tested on a herd of physical mobile robots demonstrating avoiding, following, dispersing, aggregating, homing, flocking, and herding behaviors.
Systemic hematogenous maintenance of memory inflation by MCMV infection (VIR4P.1013)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus that establishes a latent infection and supports the life-long maintenance of very large numbers of virus-specific effector T cells. These T cells remain functional and are found in many organs in the body. Current models propose that, to sustain these populations, reservoirs of viral antigen and/or latently infected cells in lymph nodes stimulate T cell proliferation and differentiation, followed by migration of progeny to non-lymphoid tissues. We tested this model using murine CMV (MCMV). While MCMV transcriptional activity during latency was below our limit of detection, proliferation of MCMV-specific effector T cells was antigen-dependent and was used as a read-out for antigen encounter. As shown previously, T cells within draining lymph nodes divided at a higher rate than cells elsewhere. However, pulse-chase experiments with BrdU failed to reveal migration of recently divided T cells from lymphoid to non-lymphoid tissues. In fact, inflationary cells observed in non-lymphoid organs were primarily perfusion-resistant cells residing in the vasculature. Strikingly, inhibition of T cell egress from lymph nodes did not eliminate T cell division in circulation, and did not prevent the maintenance of the circulating inflationary population during long-term treatment. Together these results suggest that memory inflation in response to MCMV is driven by viral antigen presented by cells that are accessible to the blood supply.
Local control of canine gastric mucosal blood flow

The hemodynamic responses to venous pressure elevation and the effect of metabolic stimulation on reactive hyperemia and autoregulation were assessed in chambered segments of the canine gastric corpus perfused by a pressurized reservoir. Arteriovenous oxygen difference, mucosal pH, and total, mucosal, and muscularis blood flow were monitored continuously. Pentagastrin increased acid secretion, oxygen consumption, and both total and mucosal blood flow. Before and after pentagastrin, the magnitude of reactive hyperemia was correlated with the occlusion duration. During stepwise reductions in perfusion pressure, oxygen consumption was relatively constant and blood flow-independent over most of the pressure range. Mucosal blood flow was well maintained except at the lowest perfusion pressure. Pentagastrin did not enhance autoregulation in the mucosa or muscularis, but did enhance the autoregulation of total blood flow. A myogenic vasoconstriction occurred during 20-mmHg venous pressure elevations. Our results indicate that both metabolic and myogenic mechanisms regulate the gastric mucosal circulation.
Gap Equations and Instabilities for Extended Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some recent developments, which help both to see the connections between certain concepts and to develop computational procedures. It also discusses the concept of pairing, as a procedure for finding solutions to the general Hartree-Fock equations, when the restricted Hartree-Fock equations are known. The pairing concept has, however, important implications also in other connections. A complete investigation of a variational problem requires a study of the character of the extrema defined by setting the first variation equal to zero. The chapter presents a stability analysis for the single-determinant problem, which takes advantage of the pairing concept. The final variation built on pairing leads to a so-called gap equation, which is derived and discussed. It also focuses on certain applications of these procedures and finally it discusses their connections to methods of the coupled-cluster and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov type. The aim of this chapter is only to stress such concepts, which have already been useful in nuclear physics and certain parts of solid-state physics, should be further exploited for the study of electronic correlation in extended systems.
Managing pharmacy information systems.

The current state of pharmacy information systems is described, and a future direction for information management efforts is proposed. Today's pharmacy information systems are supported by excellent hardware and software. Systems are less expensive, more responsive, more flexible, and smaller than ever before. However, we have been ineffective at tailoring information systems to the pharmaceutical-care needs of patients. Instead, there is overemphasis on traditional requirements to support unit dose drug distribution, i.v. admixture preparation, and admission-discharge-transfer and billing systems. Deficiencies of current systems include a lack of real-time interfaces among hospital systems; redundancy of effort by users; ineffective capturing, reporting, and integration of data; and a cumbersome order-entry process. A vast amount of information is circulating; the challenge is to focus on those clinical and financial data on which patient-care decisions can be based. Each hospital pharmacy should develop a clinical information management strategy. Existing systems should be examined to determine which functions are not being used and which could be enhanced without major software modifications; enhancements might include routine entry of drug allergy information so that all orders may be screened and the use of networks and interfaces to provide medication profiles to physicians and nurses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compressible Euler-Maxwell equations

Abstract The Euler-Maxwell equations as a hydrodynamic model of charge transport of semiconductors in an electromagnetic field are studied. The global approximate solutions to the initial-boundary value problem are constructed by the fractional Godunov scheme. The uniform hound and H −1 compactness are proved. The approximate solutions are shown convergent by weak convergence methods. Then, with some new estimates due to the presence of electromagnetic fields, the existence of a global weak solution to the initial-boundary value problem is established for arbitrarily large initial data in L∞
Analysis of the effectiveness of sodium chloride in dissociating non-histone chromatin proteins of cultured hepatoma cells.

Abstract We examined the ability of NaCl (at 0.15 to 3 M) to release non-histone proteins from chromatin of cultured rat hepatoma cells. The percentage of the non-histones released increased with increasing NaCl concentrations up to 0.75 M; 1 and 3 M NaCl were not significantly more effective. A maximum of 50% of the non-histone protein was recovered free of DNA. The release of non-histones from sheared and unsheared chromatin was similar. The electrophoretic pattern of the non-histone proteins released by NaCl resembled that of the non-histones released by sodium dodecyl sulfate, which indicates that many of the detectable components were at least partially released by NaCl. Some non-histones (especially low molecular weight polypeptides) were fully released by NaCl and other proteins were relatively resistant to NaCl release. Higher recoveries of NaCl-dissociated non-histones were obtained with sucrose gradient centrifugation than with centrifugation in the absence of sucrose.
The use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in a newborn with an intracardiac thrombus developed during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is often used to support infants and children with hemodynamic or respiratory failure. One of the major obstacles of safely treating a child with ECMO is balancing the risk of hemorrhage with the potential for thrombus development. Managing thrombosis in the setting of ECMO is challenging and has no defined algorithm. The use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) for thrombolysis has been previously described in cases where thrombi have developed despite adequate anticoagulation. In such situations, the risk of hemorrhage must be carefully balanced with the benefit of dissolving the clot and reestablishing flow. We present a case of an infant who required ECMO because of severe primary pulmonary hypertension and subsequently developed a right atrial thrombus adjacent to the ECMO cannula. The patient was treated with tPA with immediate improvement but had fatal intracranial hemorrhage almost 3 days after the tPA was administered. In this report, we review the current literature on tPA use during ECMO support and suggest a rational approach.
Metric conformal structures and hyperbolic dimension

For any hyperbolic complex X and a ∈ X we construct a visual metric ď = ďa on ∂X that makes the Isom(X)-action on ∂X bi-Lipschitz, Mobius, symmetric and conformal. We define a stereographic projection of ďa and show that it is a metric conformally equivalent to ďa. We also introduce a notion of hyperbolic dimension for hyperbolic spaces with group actions. Problems related to hyperbolic dimension are discussed.
Evolving neurobiology of tuberous sclerosis complex

Over the past decade, there have been numerous advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Following the identification of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, a link to regulatory control of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has paved the way for new therapeutic interventions, and now even approved therapies for TSC. Gene identification has permitted establishment of cell lines and conditional knockout mouse strains to assay how abnormalities in brain structure lead to enhanced excitability, seizures, cognitive disabilities, and other neuropsychological disorders in TSC. Furthermore, work in in vitro systems and analysis of rodent models and human tissue has allowed investigators to study how brain lesions form in TSC. Evolving questions over the next decade include understanding the high clinical variability of TSC, defining why there is a lack of clear genotype–phenotype correlations, and identifying biomarkers for prognosis and stratification. The study of TSC has in many ways reflected a paradigm “bench-to-bedside” success story that serves as a model of many other neurological disorders.
Highly pipelined asynchronous FPGAs

We present the design of a high-performance, highly pipelined asynchronous FPGA. We describe a very fine-grain pipelined logic block and routing interconnect architecture, and show how asynchronous logic can efficiently take advantage of this large amount of pipelining. Our FPGA, which does not use a clock to sequence computations, automatically self-pipelines" its logic without the designer needing to be explicitly aware of all pipelining details. This property makes our FPGA ideal for throughput-intensive applications and we require minimal place and route support to achieve good performance. Benchmark circuits taken from both the asynchronous and clocked design communities yield throughputs in the neighborhood of 300--400 MHz in a TSMC 0.25m process and 500--700 MHz in a TSMC 0.18m process.
Union Responses to Mass Immigration: The Case of Miami, USA

This article places the attitudes of US unions toward immigrants within the context of a “globalized” environment and a contested and problematic history of the US labor movement regarding its conflicting tendencies toward international solidarity and nationalism. Following a review of that history, the article examines the relationships of four unions in the heavily immigrant Miami, Florida area with immigrant workers in the past four decades. The evidence indicates that explanations for differing responses can be found in the union's structure, its external environment, its leadership' vision and ideology, and its internal “cultural” practices.
Broad regulation of matrix and adhesion molecules in THP-1 human macrophages by nitroglycerin

Although nitroglycerin (NTG) is effective for the acute relief in coronary ischemic diseases, its long-term benefits in mortality and morbidity have been questioned. The possibility has been raised that NTG may increase the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which could lead to disruption and dislodging of atherosclerotic plaques. This study examined the broad effects of acute NTG exposure on the expression and activity of genes encoding MMP-9, as well as an array of ECM and adhesion molecules in THP-1 human macrophages. Gene array studies identified that while NTG exposure (100microM, 48h) did not significantly increase MMP-9 gene expression, genes encoding testican-1, integrin alpha-1, thrombospondin-3, fibronectin-1 and MMP-26 were significantly down-regulated. On the other hand, genes encoding catenin beta-1 and vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 were up-regulated. Real-time PCR studies confirmed significant down-regulation of testican-1 gene expression, but its protein expression was not significantly altered. NTG exposure, caused a significant increase in total MMP-9 protein expression (1.96-fold) and active MMP-9 (3.7-fold) concentrations. Recombinant MMP-9 was significantly activated by NTG and its dinitrate metabolites, indicating post-translation modification of this protein by organic nitrates. These results indicate that NTG exposure could broadly affect the gene expression and activity of proteases that govern the ECM cascade, thereby potentially altering atherosclerotic plaque stability.
Diffusion theory and the adoption of software innovation: Common errors and future issues

Abstract In this paper, we provide a critique of the diffusion theory of software innovations. Innovations and diffusions are generally considered benefical to organizations. However, many organizations overestimate such benefits because they don't account for diffusions or innovations which are often incompatible with orgnaizational structures and processes
The in vivo effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation of rabbit serum components and sleeping times

An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of relatively low power density microwave exposures on various serum components of the Dutch rabbit. Both continous wave and pulsed mode exposures at 2.45 GHzwere used at power densities of 25,10 and 5 mW/cm2. Studies of 10 serum components were performed. Additional studies were conducted on changes in sleeping times of pentobarbital-sedated rabbits at various power densities. Gross and histopathological examinations were performed on representative samples of animals. Changes in the blood chemistry of irradiated animals were consistent with a dose-dependent response to a non-specific thermal stress at all power densities used. Observed physiological response, as well as rectal temperature measurements, indicated that the thermoregulatory capability of the rabbits was sufficient to compensate for the thermal burden at 5 and 10 mW/cm2, but could be overridden by a 2 h exposure at 25 mW/cm2. Pathology findings included a mild, repairable nephrosis in animals exposed at a power density of 25 mW/cm2. A further investigation of analeptic effects at power densities varying from 5 mW/cm2 to 50 mW/cm2 resulted in a statistically significant decrease in sleeping times, apparently proportional to power density below 15 mW/cm2.
Fluorometric analysis of polyunsaturated phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipids in the picomole range using high-performance thin-layer chromatography

Abstract A new and very sensitive procedure for analysis of polyunsaturated phospholipids is described. The method involves resolution of lipids by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, conversion of lipids to a fluorescent derivative, and quantitation by densitometric scanning. The formation of the fluorophore is dependent on the presence of at least two double bonds in an acyl chain. As little as 20 pmol of phosphatidylinositol can be determined with a precision of better than 5%.
Sieving characteristics of multilayer ultrafiltration membranes

Almost all commercial ultrafiltration membranes have an asymmetric structure. However, the unusual transport characteristics of these asymmetric, or multilayer, structures has not been widely appreciated. The general equations describing solute transport through a multilayer membrane are developed and used to examine the physical basis for the unusual transport properties of these membranes. Experimental data are obtained for the transport of polydisperse dextrans through asymmetric and symmetric ultrafiltration membranes, both alone and in sandwich (series) combinations. The data clearly show that the sieving characteristics of these multilayer membranes are dependent upon both the detailed properties and the orientation of the different layers. The sieving coefficients for traditional asymmetric membranes are shown to increase by well over an order of magnitude when used in the reverse (skin-side down) direction. Experiments with appropriate sandwich arrangements demonstrate that these composite structures can have higher selectivities than conventional membranes. The implications of these transport phenomena are examined in several different ultrafiltration applications.
Meningioma in Four Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

We describe four patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had development of meningiomas. In contrast to those in the general population who have meningiomas, all our patients were young men; the mean age was 40 years (range, 32 to 50). Their risk behavior for HIV was homosexuality (three patients) and intravenous drug use (one patient). The CD4 + cell count in each of the three homosexual men was less than 50/μL and was 280/μL in the drug user. Imaging studies showed enhancing lesions in three of the patients. Although each of these meningiomas could have occurred in otherwise normal young to middle-aged men, we speculate that the meningiomas may have grown in these HIV-infected hosts because of either loss of immune function or dysregulation of cytokines.
Radio vs. Television: Their Cognitive Impact on Children of Different Socioeconomic and Ethnic Groups

For a sample of first- through fourth-grade children, bearing an audiotaped version of a story stimulated more imaginative responses (especially among working-class children) than watching an animated version, which for its part led to superior recall of story information.
Review of Martin Flanagan, Bakhtin and the Movies

A well-needed installment in the sparse critical work on Bakhtin and cinema, Martin Flanagan's Bakhtin and the Movies: New Ways of Understanding Hollywood Film (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009) uses the Russian theorist in order to provide diverse readings of Hollywood cinema. Flanagan introduces Bakhtin's work in a coherent manner and uses his concepts of dialogism and the chronotope in order to address questions of genre, dialogue and new technologies. Moreover, Flanagan's work helps to further the current movement applying methodologies of critical theory and film philosophy to a revived scholarly interest in mainstream cinema.
The Compression Property for Affine Variational Inequalities

In 1965, Gale and Nikaido showed that for any n × n P-matrix A, the only nonnegative vector that A sends into a nonpositive vector is the origin. They applied that result to derive various results including univalence properties of certain nonlinear functions. In this article, we show that an extension of their result holds with the nonnegative orthant replaced by any nonempty polyhedral convex cone. In place of the P-matrix condition, we require a determinantal condition that we call the compression property. When the polyhedral convex cone is the nonnegative orthant, the compression property reduces to the property of being a P-matrix and we recover the Gale-Nikaido result. We apply the extended theorem to derive tools useful in the analysis of affine variational inequalities over polyhedral convex cones.
Multiple Personality, Possession Trance, and the Psychic Unity of Mankind

. the psychic unity of mankind is a cornerstone of psychoanalytic theory since, without this axiom, all psychoanalytic extrapolations from clinical data to cultural material remain idle speculation. ... in a given ethnic group, a particular idea can surface consciously and be culturally implemented, while in another it occurs only on the unconscious level and finds no direct cultural expression. . . . the same impulse or fundamental fantasy can be stimulated by various cultural influences, and conversely, can use equally well a great variety of cultural outlets and fields of action . . . something which is out in the open and even culturally implemented in one society is often repressed in other societies. George Devereux, "Culture and the Unconscious" (1978[1955])
Estimating VP/VS ratios using smooth dynamic image warping

ABSTRACTMulticomponent seismic images are composed of different combinations of downgoing and upgoing wavefields. Each wave mode has different propagation velocity and polarization direction and thus carries unique, direction-dependent information about the subsurface. Differences in propagation velocity cause events in converted-wave or PS images to appear at later times than the P-wave or PP image counterparts. Reflectivities are different for each wave mode, and therefore, multicomponent images are not related simply by time shifts. These complications historically required that the alignment, also called registration, of corresponding image features be done manually, which is a tedious process. To register PP and PS images automatically, we used a smooth dynamic image-warping algorithm that can be accurate with respect to problems unrelated to time shifts, such as differences in noise and reflection waveforms. Interval VP/VS ratios can be estimated from derivatives of vertical shifts that align reflec...
Improving The Quality Of Health Care: What’s Taking So Long?

Nearly fourteen years ago the Institute of Medicine's report, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, triggered a national movement to improve patient safety. Despite the substantial and concentrated efforts that followed, quality and safety problems in health care continue to routinely result in harm to patients. Desired progress will not be achieved unless substantial changes are made to the way in which quality improvement is conducted. Alongside important efforts to eliminate preventable complications of care, there must also be an effort to seriously address the widespread overuse of health services. That overuse, which places patients at risk of harm and wastes resources at the same time, has been almost entirely left out of recent quality improvement endeavors. Newer and much more effective strategies and tools are needed to address the complex quality challenges confronting health care. Tools such as Lean, Six Sigma, and change management are proving highly effective in tackling problems as difficult as hand-off communication failures and patient falls. Finally, the organizational culture of most American hospitals and other health care organizations must change. To create a culture of safety, leaders must eliminate intimidating behaviors that suppress the reporting of errors and unsafe conditions. Leaders must also hold everyone accountable for adherence to safe practices.
Functional consequences of natural sequence variation in the activation domain of HIV-1 Rev.

Abstract Initial infection with an attenuated form of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may give rise to some of the rare asymptomatic infections that have been observed. Recently, data have been presented suggesting that a persistent mutation in the essential activation domain of the HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein might have contributed to the maintenance of the asymptomatic state in one individual. Here, we have used a range of assays for in vivo Rev function to examine whether natural sequence variation in the normally highly conserved Rev activation domain can indeed affect Rev function. Analysis of five distinct natural sequence variants of the Rev domain demonstrated that each produced a two- to fourfold drop in Rev function when compared to the consensus activation domain sequence. A sixth sequence, reported for the MN isolate of HIV-1, proved entirely inactive. However, resequencing of this region of the MN genome revealed that this isolate actually encodes a consensus Rev activation domain. Overall, these data reveal that even natural sequence variation in the essential Rev activation domain can result in significantly reduced Rev function and suggest that isolates containing such sequence variation are likely to replicate less effectively.
Self-Assembly of Ligated Gold Nanoparticles: Phenomenological Modeling and Computer Simulations†

We study the assembly of ligated gold nanoparticles by both phenomenological modeling and computer simulations for various ligand chain lengths. First, we develop an effective nanoparticle-nanoparticle pair potential by treating the ligands as flexible polymer chains. Besides van der Waals interactions, we incorporate both the free energy of mixing and elastic contributions from compression of the ligands in our effective pair potentials. The separation of the nanoparticles at the potential minimum compares well with experimental results of gold nanoparticle superlattice constants for various ligand lengths. Next, we use the calculated pair potentials as input to Brownian dynamics simulations for studying the formation of nanoparticle assembly in three dimensions. For dodecanethiol ligated nanoparticles in toluene, our model gives a relatively shallower well depth and the clusters formed after a temperature quench are compact in morphology. Simulation results for the kinetics of cluster growth in this case are compared with phase separations in binary mixtures. For decanethiol ligated nanoparticles, the model well depth is found to be deeper, and simulations show hybrid, fractal-like morphology for the clusters. Cluster morphology in this case shows a compact structure at short length scales and a fractal structure at large length scales. Growth kinetics for this deeper potential depth is compared with the diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCA) model.
On the combined effect of forced and free convection heat transfer in laminar boundary layer flows

The phenomenon of combined forced and free convection heat transfer in laminar boundary layer flows, in which the momentum equation is coupled with the energy equation on account of the presence of the gravitational term, is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that for large values of the Prandtl number, Pr, the relative importance of the forced and the free convection is controlled by the parameter Gr/Re2 Prsol13, whereas for Pr ⪡ 1 the controlling parameter is Gr/Re2. An approximate but reliable technique is then developed for predicting the shear stress and the rate of heat transfer throughout the “intermediate” regime, for general surface geometries and for arbitrary velocity distributions at the edge of the boundary layer. The analysis shows moreover that this transition region is usually narrow for the case of aiding flows, and that, depending on the value of (Gr/Re2 Prsol13) or (Gr/Re2), the flow may be described by either the pure forced or the pure free convection equations alone.
Pollination Ecology of Pedicularis parryi ssp. purpurea (Parry) Carr (Scrophulariaceae)

The pollination ecology of Pedicularis parryi purpurea growing in a drier, upland, sagebrush meadow was studied in association with P. bracteosa paysoniana immediately adjacent in a rich, moist willow thicket in the Teton Mountain Region of Wyoming. By insect exclosure, P. parryi purpurea was found to be Bombus pollinator-dependent. While both plants bloomed synchronously, had nectariferous corollas with similar nectars analyzed by refractometry and thin-layer chromatography, and shared the same eight Bombus pollinator species, P. parryi purpurea was pollinated primarily by short-tongued, sternotribic pollen-foragers and P. bracteosa by long-tongued, nototribic, nectar gatherers. Microscopic examination of 276 corbicular pollen loads from Pedicularis pollinators to determine pollen-foraging constancy yielded 49% queens and 82% workers constant on P. parryi purpurea, 83% queens and 78% workers on P. bracteosa paysoniana. No putative hybrids between these species were identified; hybridization in Pedicularis is considered rare or absent.
An intercomparison of three current meters operated in shallow water

Abstract Current meters at 16- to 20-m depths were intercompared in 100 m of water on the Oregon continental shelf. Data (25 days) from an Aanderaa current meter suspended beneath a subsurface float and from AMF and Geodyne current meters suspended beneath a surface float are compared. The spectra from the Aanderaa meter and from the AMF meter were virtually identical at frequencies lower than 2 cycles h −1 . For frequencies less than 0·4 cycles h −1 agreement was good among all current meters. The major differences at higher frequencies arise from the different meters' sampling methods.
Phosphorylation of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, CDC34, by casein kinase 2.

The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, CDC34, has been implicated in the ubiquitination of a number of vertebrate substrates, including p27Kip1, IκBα, Wee1, and MyoD. We show that mammalian CDC34 is a phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated in proliferating cells. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the regulatory (β) subunit of human casein kinase 2 (CK2) as a CDC34-interacting protein and show that human CDC34 interacts in vivo with CK2β in transfected cells. CDC34 is specifically phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK2 and HeLa nuclear extract at five sites within the carboxyl-terminal 36 amino acids of CDC34. Importantly, this phosphorylation is inhibited by heparin, a substrate-specific inhibitor of CK2. We have also identified a kinase activity associated with CDC34 in proliferating cells, and we show that this kinase is sensitive to heparin and can utilize GTP, strongly suggesting it is CK2. Phosphorylation of CDC34 by the associated kinase maps predominantly to residues 203 and 222. Mutation of CDC34 at CK2-targeted residues, Ser-203, Ser-222, Ser-231, Thr-233, and Ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of CDC34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized CDC34 to the cytoplasm. These results suggest a potential role for CK2-mediated phosphorylation in the regulation of CDC34 cell localization and function.
Formation of β-glucuronides and of β-galacturonides of various retinoids catalyzed by induced and noninduced microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases of rat liver

Abstract The complex of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT; EC 2,4.1.17) of rat liver catalyzes the formation of retinoyl β-glucuronide (RAG) from retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl β-glucuronide (ROG) from retinol (ROL) in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA). The relative rates of formation of β-glucuronides in noninduced microsomes were: 9-cis RA > 13-cis RA > all-trans 4-oxo RA > TTNPB > all-trans RA > CD-367 > 13-cis ROL > 9-cis ROL > acetretin > all-trans ROL. Michaelis constant (KM) for all-trans RA, 13-cis ROL, TTNPB and UDPGA were 130 μM, 300 μM, 210 μM and 2.6 mM, respectively. Galacturonides of RA, but not detectably of ROL, were formed from UDP-galacturonic acid at 11–30% the rate of the β-glucuronides, whereas UDP derivatives of nonionized sugars did not serve as substrates. Pretreatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene markedly increased RAG formation in the absence of detergent (Triton X-100), but less so in its presence. Clofibrate pretreatment doubled the rate of RAG formation, whereas phenobarbital pretreatment showed little effect. N-Ethylmaleimide (5 mM) minimized cis-trans isomerization without significantly affecting glucuronidation. Rates of glucuronidation of retinoids clearly depend both on their isomeric states and on their chemical structures. Different UGT enzymes might well act on different geometric isomers of RA.
Indirect effects of histamine on pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors in cats

Abstract We did experiments to determine the relative importance of lung mechanical changes during histamine induced activation of pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors (RARs). In anesthetized, open-chest, artificially ventilated cats, we recorded RAR activity and injected histamine (25–50 μg/kg) into the right atrium. Histamine initially increased RAR activity from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 3.6 ± 0.6 imp/sec (n = 30) at 15.6 ± 0.8 sec when dynamic lung compliance (CDYN) was decreased by 29.1 ± 1.5 %. The firing pattern of RARs changed from a relatively irregular pattern to a pronounced respiratory modulation. RAR activity reached its peak (5.6 ± 0.8 imp/sec) at 36.3 ± 3.3 sec. The firing pattern further changed to a cardiac modulation, and the activity closely correlated with cardiac output. Comparing the initial response of RARs to histamine with the response to mechanically decreasing CDYN, we found that the activities were similar when CDYN was decreased by the same amount. Our experiments suggest that in cats the initial increase of RAR activity in response to histamine is related to lung mechanical changes, but the later increase is related to cardiovascular functions.
Photodesorption studies of adsorbate covered aluminum surfaces

Strong low photon energy photodesorption has been observed from aluminum samples exposed to CO and CO2 and on aluminum oxide samples with carbon contamination. For these systems only CO2 has been observed to photodesorb with similar energy thresholds (≈ 3.65 eV) and similar yields (≈ 5 × 10−5 molecules/photon) for all samples. The data does not support the band-gap mechanism for desorption from semiconductors/insulators.
Preparation of the cat cerebral cortical surface for microvascular pressure measurements.

Abstract The open calvarium preparation using the cat for study of pressures in the cortical surface microvasculature by micropuncture is described from the initiation of anesthesia, through micropressure measurements, to anatomic factors which influence the interpretation of results from the preparation.
Measurement of radon in air by α track method enhancement of detection sensitivity using a lamp

A new α track method is proposed for the measurement of radon (222Rn) concentration in environmental levels. This involves collecting radon daughters on the surface of pilot lamp and detecting α-particles emitted from the nuclides (218Po and214Po) by a detector (LR 115). The detection sensitivity of this method is 6 times greater than that of the conventional α track method.