cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inter-industry relations in electronic news services

Les developpements des technologies informatiques et de telecommunication ont induit des relations et des produits industriels nouveaux et changeants. Cette etude presente la croissance de deux types de publications electroniques: le videotex et teletexte, plus particulierement aux Etats-Unis entre les annees 1974 et 1984. Elle est fondee sur la theorie de la dependance des ressources
Geochemistry of coastal tarballs in southern California—A tribute to I. R. Kaplan

Abstract In the southern offshore California borderland, natural oil seeps occur mainly in the Santa Barbara Channel and Santa Monica Bay. Coastal tar residues (tarballs) from beaches bordering these water bodies were analyzed for six geochemical parameters: stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) and four biomarker ratios (C28IC29 hopane, sterane/hopane, refractory index, bisnorhopane index), and the presence or absence of trisnorhopane. The objectives of this study were to group these residues and infer possible sources and transport directions. Three major groups were established. Two groups are likely from natural seeps near the Channel Islands, whereas the third group probably comes from seeps within Santa Monica Bay. Residues from all groups occur on the Channel Islands and on mainland beaches from as far south as San Diego to Point Reyes north of San Francisco.
Microbial genome sequencing

Complete genome sequences of 30 microbial species have been determined during the past five years, and work in progress indicates that the complete sequences of more than 100 further microbial species will be available in the next two to four years. These results have revealed a tremendous amount of information on the physiology and evolution of microbial species, and should provide novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease.
SIGMA PHOTOPRODUCTION FROM CH$sub 2$

The first photoproduced sigmas have been observed by placing nuclear emulsions within a few mm of a C${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ target. One dozen in-flight decays (10 $\ensuremath{\Sigma}'\mathrm{s}$ and 2 ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}'\mathrm{s}$ have been identified. The background which previously would have prevented useful exposures has been sharply reduced by applying a 160 KG field along the photon beam. The bulk of the electrons are held in small orbits while the heavier charged sigmas are relatively unaffected. Both of the sigma decay modes have been observed, as well as the charged mode for ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ decay. The sign of the charged-pion sigma decays cannot be distinguished. The sigma proton decay can only come from the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ and this experiment provides the first measurement of the reaction, $\ensuremath{\gamma}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}+{K}^{0}$. No event has been included with less than 10% difference in ionization between primary and secondary. All observed events had at least one track with ionization greater than 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} minimum. If one corrects for the assumed loss of lighter events, the average cross section for photon energies between 1100 and 1200 MeV and for kaon c.m. angles between 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (\ensuremath{\sim}60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m.) in $\ensuremath{\gamma}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}+{K}^{0}$ is (4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sr.
Crustal anisotropy from tectonic tremor under Washington State in the Cascadia

We present new observations of crustal shear wave anisotropy extracted from nonvolcanic tremor in Cascadia under Washington State. Measurements of crustal anisotropy are extremely sparse and limited in this area mainly due to low level of seismicity. Abundance of tremor activity during slow earthquakes offers a unique opportunity to measure anisotropy parameters of the continental crust using tremor signal. To accomplish this, polarization and splitting analyses of nonvolcanic tremor are performed using three-component broadband seismic stations. Splitting times measurements range between 0.08 and 0.17 s and similar to the splitting magnitude typically observed in the continental crust. Fast direction of shear wave anisotropy generally trends ESE-WNW. Fast polarization directions are, in general, perpendicular to the prevailing maximum compressive stress field but tend to be parallel to several mapped EW and ESE-WNW trending faults in this area. The observed spatial pattern of anisotropy is likely controlled by faulting that accommodates NS compression resulting from the tectonic movement of the Oregon block toward north. Existence of several EW trending crustal faults and source parameters of crustal earthquakes at depth, consistent with the regional stress regime, indicate that these faults may be the dominant factor causing the observed pattern of shear wave anisotropy.
Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults. 6th ed.

Robert W. Bucholz, James D. Heckman, and Charles M. Court-Brown, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006. Two volumes. 3655 pages. $379.00. The editors of this marvelous pair of books have certainly fulfilled the goals set out in the Preface: to present the pathological anatomy of all fractures and dislocations in a historical context and to provide a comprehensive discussion of the different management alternatives as well as the authors' preferred methods of treatment. The original 1975 edition reflected fracture care to that time and was heavily weighted toward nonoperative care. Discussion of operative treatment was, by and large, limited to operations commonly done at that time: predominantly, stabilization of hip fractures, both-bone fractures in the forearm and occasionally combined tibial and fibular fractures, and intra-articular fractures. In the thirty years since the first edition was published, an enormous change has taken place in the methods applied …
Seeing Is Believing: Disparity of Books in Two Los Angeles Area Public Libraries

ABSTRACT Considering the abundant research that shows the link between access to books and reading ability, this investigation looks at the availability of books in two public libraries, one located in an upper-class neighborhood and the other in a working-class area, focusing specifically on the resources available to children and adolescents. An examination of the book and magazine holdings, the facilities, the reading programs offered, the staff available, and the funding provided reveal that significant disparities exist. Although Beverly Hills serves a community twice the size of Santa Fe Springs, the Beverly Hills Public Library offers four times as many children and adolescent books and has four times as many reading programs as the Santa Fe Springs Library. In terms of the facilities, staff, and funding, the Santa Fe Springs Library lags far behind Beverly Hills. With these stark differences, students in poor and working-class neighborhoods are unlikely to have access to the books in their communi...
Self-schema and social comparison explanations of body dissatisfaction: a laboratory investigation.

Abstract The current study was an investigation of the self-schema and social comparison theories of body dissatisfaction. The social comparison manipulation consisted of exposure to one of three levels of comparison figure: upward, downward, or no comparison. Two different imagery exercises served to prime either a participants’ appearance self-schema, or a non-appearance schema. Participants completed state measures of body image and mood at pre- and posttest. Results indicated no significant interaction between priming and social comparison and no significant main effect for priming. However, there was a significant effect of social comparison, such that those in the downward comparison condition showed an increase in body satisfaction and positive mood. Results are discussed in the context of self-schema theory and social comparison, and suggestions are given for future research that might further shed light on these theoretical approaches for understanding body dissatisfaction.
Emissivity measurements of 3D photonic crystals at high temperatures

Abstract An accurate methodology is presented to measure photonic crystal emissivity using a direct method. This method addresses the issue of how to separate the emissions from the photonic crystal and the substrate. The method requires measuring two quantities: the total emissivity of the photonic crystal–substrate system, and the emissivity of the substrate alone. Our measurements have an uncertainty of 4% and represent the most accurate measure of a photonic crystal's emissivity. The measured results are compared to, and agree very well with, the independent emitter model.
Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by carbon monoxide and nitric oxide: a mechanistic model.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (GC) from bovine lung is activated 4-fold by carbon monoxide (CO) and 400-fold by nitric oxide (NO). Spectroscopic and kinetic data for ligation of CO and NO with GC are summarized and compared with similar data for myoglobin (Mb), hemoglobin (Hb), and heme model compounds. Kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural data form a basis on which to construct a model for the manner in which the two ligands affect protein structure near the heme for heme proteins in general and for GC in particular. The most significant datum is that although association rates of ligands with GC are similar to those with Mb and Hb, their dissociation rates are dramatically faster. This suggests a delicate balance between five- and six-coordinate heme iron in both NO and CO complexes. Based on these and other data, a model for GC activation is proposed: The first step is formation of a six-coordinate species concomitant with tertiary and quaternary structural changes in protein structure and about a 4-fold increase in enzyme activity. In the second step, applicable to NO, the bond from iron to the proximal histidine ruptures, leading to additional relaxation in the quaternary and tertiary structure and a further 100-fold increase in activity. This is the main event in activation, available to NO and possibly other activators or combinations of activators. It is proposed, finally, that the proximal base freed in step 2, or some other protein base suitably positioned as a result of structural changes following ligation, may provide a center for nucleophilic substitution catalyzing the reaction GTP --> cGMP. An example is provided for a similar reaction in a derivatized protoheme model compound. The reaction mechanism attempts to rationalize the relative enzymatic activities of GC, heme-deficient GC, GC-CO, and GC-NO on a common basis and makes predictions for new activators that may be discovered in the future.
Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Germanium-Silicon Alloy Single Crystals at Low Temperatures

Thermal conductivity measurements are reported for five single-crystal Ge-Si specimens containing 0-7.56 at.% Si. The measurements were made under steady-state conditions and cover the temperature range 2-50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The experimental results are compared to three theoretical models, those of Berman et al., Callaway, and Klemens; it is found that the data are best fit by Callaway's model. Good agreement between experimental results and theoretical models is obtained by postulating only three sources of phonon scattering in the specimens: three-phonon processes, isotopic point-defect scattering by the germanium and silicon atoms, and boundary scattering. However, evidence is presented that boundary scattering occurs not only at the external surfaces of the specimens, but also at internal surfaces associated with microscale fluctuations of composition of the type reported by Goss, Benson, and Pfann.
Missing Predictors in Models of Effect Size

Missing data occur frequently in meta-analysis. Reviewers inevitably face decisions about how to handle missing data, especially when predictors in a model of effect size are missing from some of the identified studies. Commonly used methods for missing data such as complete case analysis and mean substitution often yield biased estimates. This article briefly reviews the particular problems missing predictors cause in a meta-analysis, discusses the properties of commonly used missing data methods, and provides suggestions for ways to handle missing predictors when estimating effect size models. Maximum likelihood methods for multivariate normal data and multiple imputation hold the most promise for handling missing predictors in meta-analysis. These two model-based methods apply to a broad set of data situations, are based on sound statistical theory, and utilize all information available to obtain efficient estimators.
A self-consistent relation for the time-dependent creep of polycrystals

Abstract A self-consistent relation with a weakening constraint power in the matrix is derived for the primary and steady-state creep of polycrystals. This derivation makes use of a linear viscoelastic comparison material, under which the constraint power of the creeping matrix is found to decrease exponentially with the ratio of the elastic shear modulus to the secant creep modulus, or when expressed alternately, with the ratio of the creep strain to the elastic strain. Such a dramatic decrease leads one to believe that the overall creep strain of the polycrystal as calculated by the traditional elastic-constraint model could be far too low; a direct comparison between the two, however, quickly reveals that the accuracy of the elastic-constraint model is better than what is initially thought, and certainly far better than in the rate-independent plasticity. With this new relation, the creep heterogeneity among the constituent grains are then studied in details. It is demonstrated that while the creep strains of the more favorably oriented grains tend to increase, and those of the less favorably oriented ones decrease, their creep rates become virtually uniform during the long-term, steady-state creep. This suggests that grain compatibility, instead of stress equilibrium, is the more dominant factor governing the grain-boundary condition during the steady-state process.
The Influence of Testing Prompt and Condition on Middle School Students’ Retell Performance

This study examined whether the type of prompt or the method of passage reading had an effect on the retell performance of 6th–8th graders randomly assigned to one of four retell testing conditions. Both the type of prompt and the use of follow-up prompting were significantly related to the percentage of predetermined idea units retold. Effect sizes were approximately moderate (d = .44–.62) when one change was made to the prompt but were strong (d = .96–1.05) with a combination of changes. The addition of silent reading did not significantly improve performance.
A basic experimental study of sandwich injection molding with sequential injection

An experimental study of sandwich injection molding is reported which involves sequential injection of polymer melts with differing melt viscosity into a mold. In isothermal injection molding the relative viscosity of the two melts is the primary variable determining the phase distribution in the mold. Generally the most uniform skin-core structure occurs when the second melt entering the mold has a slightly higher viscosity than the first melt injected. Large viscosity inequalities lead to nonuniform skin thicknesses. The influence of blowing agents and non-uniform temperature fields on the extent of encapsulation is described. Temperature fields are very important especially if the first polymer melt injected has a greater activation energy of viscous flow (or a greater temperature dependence of the viscosity function).
Flexibility coefficients for structural joint assemblies

perature of 3202°R will occur at an altitude of 233,200 ft. When the wing is swept 60 °, the maximum leading-edge temperature is 2646° R and the maximum spherical-nose temperature is 3492° R. These temperatures differ from those calculated by the iterative procedure by less than 14°, which is an accuracy far greater than that inherent in the original calculated method of Ref. 1. Since the Re/fi range is from 4000 to 30,000 the assumption of laminar flow is well justified. The preceding analysis assumes the vehicle to hold a constant altitude at each station of study. Along an inclined flight path with a resultant velocity U, with components u and v in the circumferential and radial directions, and with a resultant aerodynamic force inclined at an angle 6 to the vertical, we have
Apical expression of functional asialoglycoprotein receptor in the human intestinal cell line HT-29

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: The asialoglycoprotein receptor localizes to the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and to the apical membrane of enterocytes. The aim of this study was to examine HT-29 cells as a polarized cell model for studying apically localized endogenous asialoglycoprotein receptor. METHODS: Subunits H1 and H2 (human) were detected by Western blot and immunoprecipitated using subunit-specific antisera against hepatic receptor peptides. Receptor function was assessed by uptake of iodinated asialo-orosomucoid, immunoglobulin (Ig) A1, and haptocorrin. Immunocytochemistry was analyzed by standard light and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Receptor content of the minor subunit, H2, was predominant. HT-29 cells mediated specific uptake and degradation of 125I-asialo-orosomucoid. A high-affinity (0.6 x 10(-9) mmol/L) and a low-affinity binding site were present. The specific ligand binding capacity of the apical surface was approximately twice that of the basolateral surface. Immunocytochemistry revealed a predominant apical membrane location of the minor receptor subunit, with some intracellular receptor. The apical H2 subunit was preferentially labeled with amino acid precursors compared with basolaterally located subunit. Human IgA1 bound specifically to HT-29 cells with a molar ratio of 0.26 compared with asialo-orosomucoid; porcine haptocorrin bound with a molar ratio of 1.35. CONCLUSIONS: HT- 29 cells produce a functional apically located asialoglycoprotein receptor and provide a model for receptor trafficking in the enterocyte. (Gastroenterology 1997 Nov;113(5):1501-9)
Severe pediatric rumination syndrome: successful interdisciplinary inpatient management.

ABSTRACTBackground:Rumination syndrome is a condition that occurs when people constantly regurgitate and expel or reswallow food soon after they eat. The most severe cases of rumination syndrome can be debilitating, requiring total parenteral nutrition or enteral tube feedings. We report our experie
A biomarker for the identification of swine fecal pollution in water, using the STII toxin gene from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

This research developed a PCR method to identify swine fecal pollution in water, using a portion of the STII toxin gene from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as the target sequence. This method showed the gene to have a wide-spread geographical distribution and temporal stability; and the primers demonstrated high specificity, sensitivity, and reliability. A total of 110 DNA extracts from different animal fecal and human sewage samples were screened using the primers and no positives resulted. Centrifugation and filtration methods for concentrating E. coli seeded into stream, ocean, secondary effluent, and dairy lagoon waters resulted in detection limits at the femtogram and attogram levels. E. coli with the biomarker seeded into stream, ocean, and secondary effluent waters remained stable for approximately 2 weeks for all water types. Of the farm lagoon and waste samples tested, 94% were positive for the STII trait, regardless of the number of E. coli screened and 100% were positive when ≥35 E. coli isolates were screened. As the PCR product of the target sequence yielded a single band, the method is applicable to dot blot detection methodology, yielding great accuracy in determining the presence of swine fecal sources.
A CSO submillimeter active optics system

Active surface correction of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) primary mirror has been accomplished. The Dish Surface Optimization System (DSOS) has been designed and built to operate at the CSO, on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The DSOS is the only active optics system of its kind in the world. There are 99 steel rod standoffs that interface the dish panels to its backing structure. Each standoff is now fitted with a heating/cooling assembly. Applying a controlled potential to each of the 99 assemblies adjusts the surface of the dish. Heating elongates and cooling shortens the standoffs, providing the push or pull on the primary's panel surface. The needed correction for each standoff, for a given elevation, is determined from prior holography measurements of the dish surface. Without the DSOS the optimum surface accuracy was 25-μm RMS, yielding a beam efficiency of 33% at the 350-μm-wavelength range. With the DSOS on, this has been improved to 10-μm RMS. The best beam efficiency obtained is 56%, with an average beam efficiency of 53%. The DSOS has been in operation on the CSO since February 2003. Observers using the SHARCII (a 384 pixel submillimeter high angular resolution camera) and the 850 GHz heterodyne receiver, have been able to detect new weak and/or distant objects including detection of an earth-massed planet in Fomalhaut with the help of this unique active optics system.
Rural emergency medical volunteers and their communities: A demographic comparison

This research compares the personal, household, and professional characteristics volunteer emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Ulster County, NY with those of the general population of this rural upstate county, using a survey instrument implemented by the author in conjunction with the 1990 U.S. Census data. A principal objective of this research was to identify the characteristics of these volunteers in order to support the recruitment and retention efforts of volunteer EMS organizations. Statistically significant deviations between these two sample populations include age distribution, maximum educational attainment, size of household, years in residence, type of employer, employing industry, occupation, household income, and commuting distance from work. Population differences for race, sex, marital status, household site, home ownership, housing costs, and in-county employment were not statistically significant. Additional data reported for the EMS volunteers include total emergency responses, active squad membership, length of service, level of medical qualifications, and intensity and nature of individual participation, age of recruitment, family involvement, tenure in the community, rates of household work participation, other volunteer activity, motivation, and receptivity to alternative incentive programs. The relevance of these data is interpreted with respect to the prospects for effective recruitment of volunteers, the level of commitment and retention of the volunteers, the degree of support which volunteers can expect from their communities, and the extent of cohesiveness and integration which volunteer EMS squads provide to their communities.
Diagnosability of Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees with missing edges

Recently, strong local diagnosability properties for star graphs were proved even with missing edges. We extend these results to Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees.
AdoMet-dependent methylation, DNA methyltransferases and base flipping

Twenty AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases (MTases) have been characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography and NMR. These include seven DNA MTases, five RNA MTases, four protein MTases and four small molecule MTases acting on the carbon, oxygen or nitrogen atoms of their substrates. The MTases share a common core structure of a mixed seven-stranded beta-sheet (6 downward arrow 7 upward arrow 5 downward arrow 4 downward arrow 1 downward arrow 2 downward arrow 3 downward arrow) referred to as an 'AdoMet-dependent MTase fold', with the exception of a protein arginine MTase which contains a compact consensus fold lacking the antiparallel hairpin strands (6 downward arrow 7 upward arrow). The consensus fold is useful to identify hypothetical MTases during structural proteomics efforts on unannotated proteins. The same core structure works for very different classes of MTase including those that act on substrates differing in size from small molecules (catechol or glycine) to macromolecules (DNA, RNA and protein). DNA MTases use a 'base flipping' mechanism to deliver a specific base within a DNA molecule into a typically concave catalytic pocket. Base flipping involves rotation of backbone bonds in double-stranded DNA to expose an out-of-stack nucleotide, which can then be a substrate for an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. The phenomenon is fully established for DNA MTases and for DNA base excision repair enzymes, and is likely to prove general for enzymes that require access to unpaired, mismatched or damaged nucleotides within base-paired regions in DNA and RNA. Several newly discovered MTase families in eukaryotes (DNA 5mC MTases and protein arginine and lysine MTases) offer new challenges in the MTase field.
Change, Continuity, and the Pursuit of Geographic Understanding

(1999). Change, Continuity, and the Pursuit of Geographic Understanding. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 1-25.
The effect of drive frequency and set point amplitude on tapping forces in atomic force microscopy: simulation and experiment

In tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), a sharp probe tip attached to an oscillating cantilever is allowed to intermittently strike a surface. By raster scanning the probe while monitoring the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever via a feedback loop, topographical maps of surfaces with nanoscale resolution can be acquired. While numerous studies have employed numerical simulations to elucidate the time-resolved tapping force between the probe tip and surface, until recent technique developments, specific read-outs from such models could not be experimentally verified. In this study, we explore, via numerical simulation, the impact of imaging parameters, i.e. set point ratio and drive frequency as a function of resonance, on time-varying tip‐sample force interactions, which are directly compared to reconstructed tapping forces from real AFM experiments. As the AFM model contains a feedback loop allowing for the simulation of the entire scanning process, we further explore the impact that various tip‐sample force have on the entire imaging process.
Computer simulation of wet granulation

Abstract Agglomeration of fine particles in wet granulation is achieved by introducing a binder fluid onto a shearing mass of powder. Owing to the viscosity and the surface tension of the fluid, powder particles are bound together to form larger aggregates. Despite its widespread use in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, little effort has gone into comprehensive modeling of the overall process from first principles. Modeling is important however, if one needs to estimate a-priori agglomerated granule characteristics such as size, shape and density, from knowledge of operating conditions and powder and binder physical and chemical properties. In this work, we present a model of wet granulation that is essentially a computer simulation of shear flows of solid particles, some of which are wet (covered by binder and therefore sticky) while the rest are dry. While simulations of shear flows of dry solid particles have earlier been reported in the literature, present work takes this simulation a step further and introduces a liquid surface layer to some particles in the domain. The additional force experienced by two relatively moving particles interacting via their binder-covered layers is modeled by using results from lubrication theory and Stokesian dynamics. The numerical simulations reflect two distinct regimes of agglomeration: that of granule growth and that of granule breakup. The granule growth regime takes place in all granulators including low and high shear machines while granule break-up is mainly characteristic of medium and high-shear devices in which agitation as generated by some mechanical means. During granule growth-simulations, the movement of sticky (binder covered) particles is studied in a constant shear, rapid granular flow regime. From these simulations, final granule size, shape and size distributions were obtained using a pattern-recognition technique. A second kind of simulation, also using rapid granular flow modeling, follows the deformation and break-up of an agglomerate made from particles held together by a liquid, viscous binder. Results from these simulations yield critical values of a dimensionless parameter that contains inertial and viscous dissipation effects (the so-called Stokes number). Below a critical value of the Stokes number, agglomerates are stable and only rotate in response to shear while above the critical value they break into several pieces. Around the critical value, they attain a steady elongation. These simulations allow one to obtain correlations between critical sizes, i.e., granules that deform somewhat but do not break, and different parameters of the problem.
Nuclear physics from QCD

Abstract Recent attempts to make direct contact between QCD and simple nuclear systems are reviewed.
Delta electroproduction in nuclei

Abstract We compute delta electroproduction in nuclei using a relativistic nuclear model. Iron is predicted to have the largest per nucleon cross section and narrowest width, but the variation in A is no larger than an 18% effect. Predictions are made for the SLAC NPAS NE5 experiment and a recently completed Bates laboratory experiment.
Channel Catfish Maturation in Mississippi Streams

Abstract Commercial fisheries for wild channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in Mississippi are subject to a single statewide minimum length limit of 300 mm. This assumes either that all populations of channel catfish in Mississippi are biologically similar or that known differences are not significant enough to override social issues, such as the enforcement of more specific regulations. We quantified sexual maturity of channel catfish from nine rivers in Mississippi to establish a biologically appropriate spatial resolution for application of length-based harvest regulations. Age and length at 50% maturity differed among channel catfish populations from different rivers. Age and length at 50% maturity for channel catfish from all rivers combined differed among years but did not differ between sexes. Age at 50% maturity was negatively related to watershed soil fertility and positively related to mean watershed elevation, whereas length at 50% maturity was not related to any tested environmental factor (P <...
The Machiavellian Rousseau: Gender and Family Relations in the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

Rousseau's argument concerning gender and family relations in his Discourse on the Origin of Inequality is a Machiavellian one. According to Rousseau, while Machiavelli at first glance seemed to flatter the tyrants, he actually intended to expose their unjust rule. I argue that this original and provocative interpretation of Machiavelli provides a key to Rousseau's own understanding of women as tyrants, and the family as the seat of their rule. My interpretation begins from a number of apparently ambivalent passages found in its Dedication to the Republic of Geneva, and challenges prevailing notions concerning Rousseau's understanding of the masculine reason of the Enlightenment, the character of modern civilization, and the relations of power intersecting the private and public spheres. I also consider the implication of the fact that, although Rousseau attacked what he perceived to be a sinister matriarchy, his arguments have and continues to be appropriated by feminist authors.
Worldwide Petroleum-Liquid Supply and Demand (includes associated papers 52597 and 52598 )

In this study, we undertook the risky task of predicting the world's future supply of and demand for petroleum liquids [crude oil and natural gas liquids (NGL's)] to the Year 2050. On the basis of earlier work, we choose to forecast future supply using the Hubbert model, which has advantages of simplicity and availability of data. Although this approach has several known inadequacies, it has withstood the test of time in numerous cases, and we consider it a fairly reliable supply predictor. We also used the Hubbert model to forecast demand. We found no precedence for this use and currently regard its accuracy as speculative. Nevertheless, some signs indicate that it too may develop use over time as a reasonable predictor. Our study showed that world supply (and demand) for petroleum liquids is currently at a peak and will soon decline. We examined supply and demand by region. Some regions, such as the Middle East, will produce a surplus of crude throughout the forecast period. Other regions, most notably the Far East and North America, will remain importers. Still other regions, such as Africa, that are now exporting will soon become importers.
Axis IV: A reliable and valid measure of psychosocial stressors?

DSM-III axis IV, Severity of Psychosocial Stressors, has been a disappointment to many because of the apparently infrequent use of the axis in clinical and research settings. This report is a review of literature on the use, reliability, and validity of axis IV. Although the concept of multiaxial evaluation has considerable appeal, clinicians have not routinely used axis IV, possibly because they do not fully understand the complexities involved in making ratings. The relatively few published empirical studies on axis IV indicate modest reliability and limited validity, beyond the value in identifying severe psychosocial stressors for the purpose of planning clinical interventions. The results of this review have led the DSM-IV Multiaxial Issues Work Group to consider several options for major changes in the format of axis IV to be recommended to the DSM-IV Task Force.
Pramipexole and its extended release formulation for Parkinson's disease.

Pramipexole has been a widely used dopamine agonist for the last decade. Recently an extended release formulation of pramipexole has been introduced as both monotherapy for patients with early Parkinson’s disease as well as for patients with more advanced disease, as an adjunct to L-DOPA. Along with the enhanced patient compliance seen with once a day dosing, there are other potential advantages of extended release preparations of dopamine agonists. Patients initiated on pramipexole have a lower incidence of developing motor fluctuations including dyskinesia than those initiated on L-DOPA. Pramipexole requires a prolonged dose titration compared to L-DOPA, and generally does not have the efficacy of L-DOPA. The extended release form of pramipexole shows comparable mean and peak serum levels with once a day dosing as seen with three times a day dosing of the immediate release preparation. The extended release preparation has been studied in randomized multicenter clinical trial against both placebo and the immediate release preparation in the setting of early Parkinson’s disease as monotherapy and in more advanced patients with motor fluctuations on L-DOPA. In both settings the extended release preparation was superior to placebo and comparable to the immediate release form in efficacy with a similar side effect profile including nausea, sleepiness, leg edema, dyskinesias, hallucinations and impulse control disorders.
A Blood Flowmeter for Use in Coronary Heart Disease Research

In connection with research on coronary heart diseases, the need arose to measure extremely low blood flows in uncannulated vessels in the immediate vicinity of the heart in a living animal. Measurement of flood flow in this instance is complicated by the typically small flow rates, the requirement to transmit faithfully the pulsating components of the flow, and the large interfering cardiac voltages in the vicinity of the implanted vessel. Nearly all of the development effort described in this paper was devoted to extending the range of the electromagnetic type of flowmeter. Critical system parameters in this particular application were found to be the input impedance level and coupling methods of the preamplifier, phase accuracy of the timing voltages, and common-mode rejection of the carrier amplifier. Significant but relatively less important factors are the coil-drive method, the waveshape of the coil-drive current, and the noise level of the gating system. The blood flowmeter described in this paper has been in daily use at the Buffalo Veterans' Administration Hospital since mid-June 1959. During most of this period, medical personnel have been operating the instrument and have performed the electrical adjustments which occasionally are needed to maintain the instrument at a suitable performance level.
An Investigation of How the Channel of Input and Access to Test Questions Affect L2 Listening Test Performance

The use of video technology has become widespread in the teaching and testing of second-language (L2) listening, yet research into how this technology affects the learning and testing process has lagged. The current study investigated how the channel of input (audiovisual vs. audio-only) used on an L2 listening test affected test-taker performance. In addition, how access to the test questions while the text was played (questions accessible vs. questions not accessible) affected performance was investigated. A total of 192 English as a Second Language learners took a listening test under four different conditions: audiovisual input and test questions accessible, audio-only input and test questions accessible, audiovisual input and test questions not accessible, and audio-only input and test questions not accessible. A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance conducted with the data indicated that test-takers who received audiovisual input scored higher than test-takers who received audio-only input, whereas a...
Which model of capitalism best delivers both wealth and equality

Capitalism is the dominant economic system adopted throughout the global economy, but there are many different models of capitalism practiced depending on what the society decides “economic effectiveness” is. In this study, we assert that an effective economy simultaneously achieves two seemingly divergent outcomes: it (1) creates economic wealth efficiently, and (2) shares that wealth equitably. Employing insights from Whitley’s national business systems framework and fuzzy set analysis, we examine how national institutions collectively configure with respect to the overall level of equitable wealth creation within 48 developed and developing economies. We find that three configurations are associated with relatively high levels of equitable wealth creation, and another three are associated with relatively low levels. As such, our analysis supports the notion of equifinality – that there is no one optimal model of capitalism. Furthermore, we begin to demonstrate that these models of capitalism are constantly evolving, but their evolution is generally slow even when considering the practice of capitalism before and after the 2008 global economic crisis. We discuss the implications of these findings for the study of international business, with a special emphasis on considering a more holistic context for exploring how multinational enterprises interact with their institutional environment(s).
Effect of Beak-Trimming Regimen on Broiler Performance

Abstract Trial 1 evaluated no beak-trimming (NBT) vs. normal (N) or severe (S) hot-blade beak-trimming in broilers housed at normal vs. crowded density. Density had no significant effect on weight gain or gain/feed, and there was no significant beak-trimming × density interaction. Weight gains (pooled across density) expressed as a percent of NBT controls were 100, 96.7, and 95.3% from 0 to 21 days and 100, 100, and 99.5% from 0 to 49 days in NBT, N, and S broilers, respectively. Gain/feed values were 100, 100.1, and 100.7% from 0 to 21 days and 100, 101.8, and 102.3% from 0 to 49 days in NBT, N, and S broilers, respectively. In Trial 2 the effect of no beak-trimming (NBT) vs. hot-blade (HB) and electric arc (EA) beak-trimming was evaluated in both fast- and slow-feathering broilers. Feathering type did not significantly affect weight gain, but fast-feathering broilers exhibited better (P No significant differences in mortality due to treatment were detected in either trial. The results of these trials indicate that beak-trimming had either no effect or only a modest depressing effect on body weight gains and that feed utilization efficiency was consistently improved by beak-trimming.
Empirical models for scaling Fourier amplitude spectra of strong ground acceleration in terms of earthquake magnitude source to station distance, site intensity and recording site conditions

In this paper, we present the current improvements in empirical scaling of Fourier spectrum amplitudes of strong earthquake accelerations by introducing the frequency dependent attenuation function which has been developed13 from the same data base. This function replaces the Richter's empirical attenuation function which we previously used together with a linear term in R, the epicentral distance. By using the new attenuation function, the scaling model has the additional flexibility for estimating the Fourier spectral amplitudes from earthquakes of given source dimensions and focal depths.
Linkage to primary medical care following inpatient detoxification.

It is important to address the medical problems of individuals admitted for detoxification by arranging for follow-up with primary care physicians after discharge. This was a prospective cohort study of 119 patients admitted for detoxification. Follow-up data were collected over the telephone one week following discharge. Among this group of patients, 72% had a primary care provider (PCP). Patients who intended to see their provider were statistically more likely to be abstinent on follow-up (OR = 4.5, CI = 1.24–16.58, p = 0.024). As compared to those patients without primary care follow-up, having a plan to see one's PCP was associated with lower rates of relapse following detoxification. (Am J Addict 2007;16:183-186)
Interactions of U1 RNP with heterogeneous nuclear RNA in rat Novikoff hepatoma nuclei.

The nature of the association of U1 RNA with rapidly sedimenting RNP structures in rat hepatoma nuclei was investigated. The effects of salt and proteinase K treatment on the stability of this ‘bound’ form of U1 RNA were studied using sucrose density gradient analyses. Quantitation of the amount of U1 RNA remaining associated with large structures after treatment was used to assess the relative contribution of protein-protein(and protein-RNA) versus RNA-RNA interactions. Forty-eight percent of the total nuclear U1 RNA released by sonication was found in a ‘bound’ form when the sonicate was centrifuged through gradients containing 50 mM NaCl. Fifty percent of this ‘bound’ U1 RNA remained associated with rapidly sedimenting RNPs when the NaCl concentration was raised to 500 mM. To assess the contribution of protein independent interactions, large RNPs were completely deproteinized and their RNA moieties were then recentrifuged on gradients. By this analysis, 27% of the U1 RNA originally ‘bound’ to hnRNPs was associated with rapidly sedimenting (>30 S) RNA (at 50 mM NaCl) suggesting their association by RNA-RNA hydrogen bonds. When the concentration of NaCl was 500 mM, 31% of the U1 RNA was associated with large RNA. Hence, approximately 30% of the U1 RNA molecules originally ‘bound’ (or about 15% of the total nuclear U1 RNA) were found to be associated by RNA-RNA hydrogen bonds while the remainder of the binding of U1 RNP to hnRNP was by protein-protein and/or protein-RNA interactions.
A Theory of the Calculus of Voting

Much recent theorizing about the utility of voting concludes that voting is an irrational act in that it usually costs more to vote than one can expect to get in return.1 This conclusion is doubtless disconcerting ideologically to democrats; but ideological embarrassment is not our interest here. Rather we are concerned with an apparent paradox in the theory. The writers who constructed these analyses were engaged in an endeavor to explain political behavior with a calculus of rational choice; yet they were led by their argument to the conclusion that voting, the fundamental political act, is typically irrational. We find this conflict between purpose and conclusion bizarre but not nearly so bizarre as a non-explanatory theory: The function of theory is to explain behavior and it is certainly no explanation to assign a sizeable part of politics to the mysterious and inexplicable world of the irrational.2 This essay is, therefore, an effort to reinterpret the voting calculus so that it can fit comfortably into a rationalistic theory of political behavior. We describe a calculus of voting from which one infers that it is reasonable for those who vote to do so and also that it is equally reasonable for those who do not vote not to do so. Furthermore we present empirical evidence that citizens actually behave as if they employed this calculus.3
Measurements of spin correlation and analyzing power in d-3He elastic scattering between 4 and 12 Mev

Abstract Analyzing powers and spin correlation parameters have been measured for d- 3 He elastic scattering at energies E d = 3.73 to 11.89 MeV at θ c.m. = 49.5°, 95.3°, and 120.0°. The LASL polarized beam was incident on a polarized 3 He target constructed at Rice. The geometry of the experiment permitted the measurement of the parameters: C y , A yy , A xx , A zz , A y T , C y , y , C x , x , C z , x , C yy , y , and C zz , y . The measured analyzing powers for deuterons and 3 He agree with earlier measurements. Some of the spin correlation parameters exhibit magnitudes which are comparable to the largest analyzing powers.
On the non-linear free vibrations of curved orthotropic panels

Abstract This paper studies the non-linear free vibrations of simply supported curved orthotropic panels. The panels are modeled using the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov shell relationships. A combination of the Galerkin procedure and the Lindstedt-Poincare perturbation technique is used to construct an approximate solution to the resulting non-linear equations of motion. Algebraic manipulations show that the panel exhibits a non-linear response only when both the involved axial and circumferential modes are axisymmetric. Numerical studies of a Graphite/Epoxy panel show that its response is softening, i.e. the non-linear natural frequency decreases as the amplitude of motion increases. They also show that the lower modes are more non-linear than the higher, mainly flexural modes. The presented results also show that for the studied panels, the non-linear effects are the strongest for shallow, thin, and short panels.
TOPOLOGICALLY CONSTRAINED DOMAINS OF SUPERCOILED DNA IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS

The size of supercoiled, topologically constrained DNA domains within the squamous carcinoma cell line SQ-20B were determined by direct comparison with a panel of irradiated supercoiled plasmid DNA...