cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2): structure, gene mapping, polymorphisms, and candidate evaluation for human orofacial clefts.

Background Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts have an estimated incidence of 1/1000 live births. Population genetic and embryologic studies suggest that cleft palate only (CPO) may be a distinct clinical entity from cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). Both CPO and CL/P are thought to be multifactorial in etiology, with evidence indicating that genetic, environmental, and developmental determinants may all play a role. The ARNT2 gene localizes to a conserved linkage group on mouse chromosome 7 that is syntenic with human chromosome 15q23–25. This chromosomal region was previously identified as a teratogen-induced clefting susceptibility locus in a genome-wide scan of AXB and BXA recombinant inbred mice. Arnt2 is expressed in the first branchial arch in mice. The teratogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) acts through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) pathway to produce dose-dependent CPO and thymic wasting in mice exposed in utero. Arnt2 and Ahr proteins dimerize in vitro. TCDD exposure is also associated with orofacial clefting in children of parents involved in agricultural work. Methods To determine whether ARNT2 influences human craniofacial development, we identified the human ARNT2 gene and conducted genomic structural analysis. Mutational screening was performed in infants with nonsyndromic CPO or CL/P who were identified by the Iowa Birth Defects Registry. Results A common amino acid polymorphism was detected but, no obvious disease-causing mutations were detected by SSCP analysis. The microsatellite marker, GATA89D04 (D15S823) was identified within intron 11 of the human ARNT2 gene, and linkage disequilibrium of nonsyndromic CPO and CL/P parent-infant trios was conducted. Conclusions No association was demonstrated with CPO (n = 45) and CL/P (n = 37). Teratology 66:85–90, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa: Prevention and treatment

Background Osteoporosis is a very prevalent complication of anorexia nervosa. In contrast to the many other medical complications of anorexia, osteoporosis and its sequelae of fractures, kyphosis, and pain may persist regardless of the overall treatment outcome. Discussion Traditional well-proven therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis are not as effective against osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa. Therefore, clinicians who treat these patients must become increasingly vigilant about osteoporosis in regards to preventive, diagnostic, and treatment strategies. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 113–126, 2003.
Response of braided composites under compressive loading

Abstract Four triaxially braided composite architectures were tested in uniaxial and biaxial compression. Three stiffness models were compared to the experimental results. Laminated plate theory provided good stiffness predictions for architectures with low crimp angles, while a fiber-inclination model worked well for all architectures, provided the experimentally observed braid pattern was sufficiently described for the architecture with the greatest crimp angle. Axial yarn undulation was observed in two architectures which had uneven braider coverage. Using failure strains from uniaxial tests, a maximum fiber strain failure criterion was able to predict biaxial failure for the specimens tested biaxially. Failure strains in the braider yarns were significantly lower than failure strains in the axial fibers (on average −0.46% compared to −1.1%, respectively).
Extinction does not depend upon degradation of event memories

Rescorla’s “event-memory” hypothesis posits that extinction decrement is due in part to a weakening of a central unconditioned stimulus (US) representation that is shared by all stimuli associated with a particular US. Thus, extinction of one stimulus conditioned to a US should decrease conditioned responding to a second stimulus that has been independently conditioned to the same US. In each of the present experiments, after excitatory conditioning to two stimuli separately, some rats experienced repeated nonreinforced presentations of one of the conditioned stimuli, while others were given no such exposures. Despite parametric variations across experiments, no reliable attenuation of suppression to the nonextinguished stimulus was evident during testing. Tests for suppression to the extinguished stimulus demonstrated a traditional extinction decrement.
Effect of Temperature on the Growth of First-Feeding Atlantic Salmon Fry

Abstract A 3-week test was performed to determine the optimal temperature for growth of first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The fish were fed three times the recommended daily ration and held at water temperatures of 10, 14, 18, and 22°C. Growth was significantly greater at 18°C than at any other temperature.
Characterizing the Effects of the Juxtamembrane Domain on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Enzymatic Activity, Autophosphorylation, and Inhibition by Axitinib

The catalytic domains of protein kinases are commonly treated as independent modular units with distinct biological functions. Here, the interactions between the catalytic and juxtamembrane domains of VEGFR2 are studied. Highly purified preparations of the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR2 catalytic domain without (VEGFR2-CD) and with (VEGFR2-CD/JM) the juxtamembrane (JM) domain were characterized by kinetic, biophysical, and structural methods. Although the catalytic parameters for both constructs were similar, the autophosphorylation rate of VEGFR2-CD/JM was substantially faster than VEGFR2-CD. The first event in the autophosphorylation reaction was phosphorylation of JM residue Y801 followed by phosphorylation of activation loop residues in the CD. The rates of activation loop autophosphorylation for the two constructs were determined to be similar. The autophosphorylation rate of Y801 was invariant on enzyme concentration, which is consistent with an intramolecular reaction. In addition, the first bioch...
The effects of antecedent instruction on visual habituation of preschool children

This research reports the results of an investigation of the effects of antecedent instruction on the subsequent habituation of preschool children to visual patterns. Twenty preschool children were divided into two groups of 5 males and 5 females in each group. The experimental group was instructed, “we are going to play a game with you. Please stay in your seat and look at the pictures. ” The control group was given the same instruction without the phrase, “look at the pictures. ” Subsequently, each subject was given nine 30-sec presentations of a pattern with an intertrial interval of between 7 and 12 sec and one 30-sec recovery trial of a second pattern. The results demonstrated a clear overall habituation and recovery effect. In addition, there was a significant interaction with females showing greater total mean fixation time than males in the experimental group.
Effects of pH and salinity on the intensity of magnetization in redeposited sediments

Abstract The intensity of magnetization in redeposited sediments was measured as a function of salinity and pH of the sediment–water mixture. The intensity was relatively low at high salinity or low pH. Under these conditions, inter-particle bonds are enhanced, which lead to the formation of larger flocs. Ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite in our sediment) are incorporated in the flocs consisting mainly of non-magnetic minerals, and orientation along an applied field is resisted by the drag proportional to the third power of the diameter of the floc. Higher intensity is recorded at lower salinity and higher pH, when inter-particle forces are weaker, and floc sizes are smaller. The increase of magnetization as a function of pH stops at a pH of about 5, which is the PZC of the edge of illite (the dominant non-magnetic mineral in our sediment). Above this pH, both the edge and face of the illite grains are negative, and there is net repulsion, which retards flocculation. The interactions between clay particles therefore have a larger effect on the intensity of magnetization than interactions between magnetite and clay. This suggests that magnetite is always included in a clay-magnetite domain, and this domain is the smallest unit that is reoriented by a magnetic field.
A fluorescence study of the binding of poly(1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid) to Escherichia coli initiation factor 3.

Abstract The binding of initiation Factor 3 (IF3) to poly(1, N 6 -ethenoadenylic acid) [poly(ϵA)] was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. At low salt concentrations, IF3 evokes an increase in the fluorescence intensity of poly(ϵA) due to the unstacking of the nucleotide bases. The poly(ϵA) fluorescence enhancement titrates to an endpoint of 13 ± 2 nucleotide residues per IF3. The maximum poly(ϵA) fluorescence enhancement, at lattice saturation, decreases with increasing salt concentration. Even though IF3 does not produce a large fluorescence increase between 75 and 200 m m NaCl concentration, the protein still binds to poly(ϵA) at these salt concentrations as measured by sedimentation partition chromatography; the value of K obs for the IF3-poly(ϵA) interaction is comparable to that of other synthetic polynucleotides. The binding of IF3 to poly(A) at 150 and 200 m m NaCl induces an increase in nucleotide base-base separation as determined by CD, yet IF3-induced disruption of base stacking of poly(ϵA) at these same salt concentrations is not detected by fluorescence. It is likely that IF3 binds primarily to the phosphate backbone of poly(ϵA) at low salt concentrations, producing an increase in the fluorescence intensity. But, at higher salt concentrations, the aromatic amino acids intercalate between the nucleotide bases quenching the poly(ϵA) fluorescence.
Effect of desoxypyridoxine on reproduction in the rat.

SummaryThe addition of the pyridoxine antagonist, desoxypyridoxine, to a pyridoxine-deficient diet resulted in marked reproductive upsets when normal adult female rats were placed on the diet only 10 to 20 days prior to breeding. Supplementation with pyridoxine on the day of breeding counteracted the adverse effects of the antagonist.
FASIT: A fully automatic syntactically based indexing system

The aim of automatic Indexing Is to achieve a compact representation of a document suitable for retrieval. FASIT (Fully Automatic Syntactically based Indexing of Text) Identifies content bearing textual units without a full parse, and, without using semantic criteria, groups these units Into quaslsynonymous sets. Tested on a database of 250 documents and 22 queries, FASIT performed better than both thesaurus and stem based Indexing systems. Retrievals Indicate that the basic Idea of FASIT—that significant terms In the text can be Identified through syntactic patterns—Is valid and that FASIT deserves serious consideration as an advance over stem based systems.
Wind Tunnel Study of Drag of Various Rope Designs

The drag on six unique ropes with diameters ranging from 1.63 to 2.00 inches is investigated. The purpose of this study is to make design recommendations which will reduce drag on Fast Rope, used by military personnel to egress rotary-winged aircraft. Rope’s material, surface fibers, weave design, and porosity are investigated. Testing is conducted in the United States Air Force Academy’s Low Speed Wind Tunnel at a nominal Reynolds number of 84,000. The researcher measures dynamic pressures in the wake using pitot-static probes. These pressures are converted to a drag coefficient using the momentum deficit method. The ropes are dipped in latex to isolate the material from the flow. Drag coefficients for rope without latex coating range from 1.06 to 1.58. When dipped in latex the drag coefficients range from 0.76 to 1.00. Uncertainty analysis yields an average of 5.09% error. Of the four characteristics investigated, the material is the most significant. This conclusion is based on the observation that drag coefficients drop as much as 50% when a rope is dipped in latex.
The application of particle swarm optimization to adaptive IIR phase equalization

This paper investigates the application of particle swarm optimization techniques to infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive phase equalizers. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is similar to the genetic algorithm (GA) in that it utilizes a population based search suitable for optimizing multimodal error surfaces where gradient-based algorithms tend to fail, such as those generated by IIR adaptive filters. This paper investigates PSO for the phase equalization of minimum phase surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters used in CDMA receivers.
Genome sequences of Phytophthora enable translational plant disease management and accelerate research

Whole and partial genome sequences are becoming available at an ever-increasing pace. For many plant pathogen systems, we are moving into the era of genome resequencing. The first Phytophthora genomes, P. ramorum and P. sojae, became available in 2004, followed shortly by P. infestans in 2006. Availability of whole genome sequences has provided rapid and immediate advances in several areas also resulting in many practical applications and critical new insights. Availability of comparative genome data facilitated discovery of new classes of effectors, such as the RxLR-dEER and crinkler effector families. Genome data also enabled development of molecular markers for population genomic approaches that provided critical new insights into the evolutionary history of species and clades of Phytophthora. Several select examples of advances resulting from comparative genomic approaches in a concerted effort of the Oomycete research community are reviewed.
Iterative decoding of space-time trellis coding under unknown fading channels

Differential space-time block coding provides an efficient decoding technique under unknown fading channels. However, the difficulties regarding blind decoding schemes for space-time trellis coding (STTC) remain unsolved. In this article, we propose to apply noncoherent BCJR algorithm to serial concatenated STTC systems, where an average or integration operation is employed to recover the deterioration caused by channel phase and amplitude. Two types of decoding algorithms are developed, referred to as noncoherent (without knowledge of channel phase) and nonCSI (without knowledge of channel state information (CSI)). The efficiency of our proposed schemes is validated and compared via simulations.
A Quantitative Methodology for Identifying Evolvable Space Systems

*† With the growing emphasis on spiral development, a system’s ability to evolve is becoming increasingly critical. This is especially true in systems designed for the exploration of space. While returning to the Moon is widely regarded as the next step in space exploration, our journey does not end there. Therefore, the technologies, vehicles, and systems created for near-term lunar missions should be selected and designed with the future in mind. Intelligently selecting evolvable systems requires a method for quantitatively measuring evolvability and a procedure for comparing these measurements. This paper provides a brief discussion of a quantitative methodology for evaluating space system evolvability and an in-depth application of this methodology to an example case study. Nomenclature e = event s = state vector of original mission requirements s’ = state vector of evolved mission requirements S(X) = possible state space of system SL(X) = lawful state space of system W = evolvability vector wi = difficulty rating for i-th state variable along most efficient path of evolvability
The effects of heterogeneity and anisotropy on the size effect in cracked polycrystalline films

A model is developed for quantifying the size effect due to heterogeneity and anisotropy in polycrystalline films. The Monte Carlo finite element calculations predict the average and standard deviation of the microscopic (local) stress intensity factors and energy release rate of a crack in a columnar aggregate of randomly orientated, perfectly bonded, orthotropic crystals (grains) under plane deformation. The boundary of the near-tip region is subjected to displacement boundary conditions associated with a macroscopic (far field or nominal) Mode-I stress intensity factor and average elastic constants calculated for the uncracked film with a large number of grains. The average and standard deviation of the microscopic stress intensity factors and energy release rate, normalized with respect to the macroscopic parameters, are presented as functions of the number of grains within the near-tip region, and the parameters that quantify the level of crystalline anisotropy. It is shown that for a given level of anisotropy, as long as the crack tip is surrounded by at least ten grains, then the expected value and standard deviation of the crack tip parameters are insensitive to the number of crystals. For selected values of crystalline anisotropy, the probability distributions of Mode-I stress intensity factor and stress ahead of the crack are also presented. The results suggest that the size effect due to heterogeneity and anisotropy is weak; crack initiation load and direction are governed only by the details of the grains in the immediate vicinity of the crack tip.
The Security Archipelago: Human-Security States, Sexuality Politics, and the End of Neo-Liberalism

This study takes seriously the need to rethink a theory of the state as it applies to the study of the Global South. Eschewing discussions of the hybrid state or other approaches that are primarily...
An online control framework for designing self-optimizing computing systems: application to power management

Computer systems hosting critical e-commerce applications must typically satisfy stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements under dynamic operating conditions and workloads. Also, as such systems increase in size and complexity, maintaining the desired QoS by manually tuning the numerous performance-related parameters will become very difficult. This paper addresses the design of self-optimizing computer systems using a generic online control framework in which the control actions governing the operation of the system are obtained by optimizing its behavior, as forecast by a mathematical model, over a limited time horizon. As a specific application of this control technique, we show how to minimize the power consumed by a processor while satisfying the QoS requirements of a time-varying workload. We describe the processor model, formulate the power management problem, and derive the online control algorithm. The performance of the controller is evaluated using representative e-commerce workloads.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Upregulates Insulin Secretion From Pancreatic β Cell Line MIN6

Background: A close association between periodontitis and diabetes has been demonstrated in human cross-sectional studies, but an exact relationship between periodontitis and prediabetes has not been established. Previous studies using animal model systems consistently have shown that hyperinsulinemia occurs in animals with periodontitis compared to animals with healthy periodontium (while maintaining normoglycemia). Because bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, we hypothesized that LPS may stimulate insulin secretion through a direct effect on β cell function. To test this hypothesis, pancreatic β cell line MIN6 cells were used to determine the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) LPS on insulin secretion. Furthermore, expression of genes altered by Pg LPS in innate immunity and insulin-signaling pathways was determined.Methods: MIN6 cells were grown in medium with glucose concentration of normoglycemia (5.5 mM). Pg LPS was added to each well ...
Laser triggering of spark gap switches with less than 100 μJ's of energy

Summary form only given. Concepts of future pulsed power systems include designs having high numbers of switches and in some cases will perform pulse shaping by triggering the switches at multiple points in time. For example, drivers for isentropic compression experiments are being designed having tens of trigger points and hundreds of switches. Larger systems, such as future generations of the Z-machine based on linear transformer driver technology, require hundreds of thousands of triggered switches. The cost and complexity of triggering these future pulsed power systems with commercially available high voltage trigger generators continues to be prohibitive. In addition the required trigger energy and high voltage cable network necessary for electrical triggering would be enormous. Conventional laser triggering in these systems also becomes cost prohibitive and maintenance of line-of-sight optics increases the cost of day to day operations. Improvements over present day triggering technologies would include electrical isolation through the use of small optical fibers and the ability to trigger large numbers of switches from a single laser. Results from experiments that demonstrate the triggering of a 20 kV spark gap switch with less than 100 muJ of laser energy through an optical fiber are presented.
HOW TO ESTIMATE AUTOREGRESSIVE ROOTS NEAR UNITY

A new model of near integration is formulated in which the local to unity parameter is identifiable and consistently estimable with time series data. The properties of the model are investigated, new functional laws for near integrated time series are obtained that lead to mixed diffusion processes, and consistent estimators of the localizing parameter are constructed. The model provides a more complete interface between I (0) and I (1) models than the traditional local to unity model and leads to autoregressive coefficient estimates with rates of convergence that vary continuously between the O (√n) rate of stationary autoregression, the O ( n ) rate of unit root regression, and the power rate of explosive autoregression. Models with deterministic trends are also considered, least squares trend regression is shown to be efficient, and consistent estimates of the localizing parameter are obtained for this case also. Conventional unit root tests are shown to be consistent against local alternatives in the new class.
The Power of Testing Memory: Basic Research and Implications for Educational Practice.

A powerful way of improving one's memory for material is to be tested on that material. Tests enhance later retention more than additional study of the material, even when tests are given without feedback. This surpris- ing phenomenon is called the testing effect, and although it has been studied by cognitive psychologists sporadically over the years, today there is a renewed effort to learn why testing is effective and to apply testing in educational settings. In this article, we selectively review laboratory studies that reveal the power of testing in improving re- tention and then turn to studies that demonstrate the basic effects in educational settings. We also consider the related concepts of dynamic testing and formative assess- ment as other means of using tests to improve learning. Finally, we consider some negative consequences of testing that may occur in certain circumstances, though these negative effects are often small and do not cancel out the large positive effects of testing. Frequent testing in the classroom may boost educational achievement at all levels of education. In contemporary educational circles, the concept of testing has a dubious reputation, and many educators believe that testing is overemphasized in today's schools. By ''testing,'' most com- mentators mean using standardized tests to assess students. During the 20th century, the educational testing movement produced numerous assessment devices used throughout edu- cation systems in most countries, from prekindergarten through graduate school. However, in this review, we discuss primarily the kind of testing that occurs in classrooms or that students engage in while studying (self-testing). Some educators argue
A two-stage design of linear feedback controls

A two-stage design is based on an explicitly invertible block-diagonalizing transformation. Earlier singular perturbation results appear as special cases of this approach.
PRESUPPOSITION AND IMPLICATURE IN MODEL-THEORETIC PRAGMATICS

The models used in traditional model-theoretic semantics provide a complete and static representation of knowledge about the world, llowever, this is not the environment in which language is used. Language is used in a dynamic environment the participants have incomplete knowledge of the world and the understanding of a sentence can add to the knowledge of the listener. A formalism which allows models to contain incomplete knowledge and to which knowledge can be added has been developed [2, 3, 12].
Taking Stock in Geography Education Around the World: An International Perspective on theTeaching of Geography

See how geography is taught around the world and gain insight into approaches that may improve geography teaching in your home country. “In the world of education there is often confusion regarding...
DEONTOLOGY, THRESHOLDS, AND EFFICIENCY

This article explores four topics raised by Eyal Zamir and Barak Medina's treatment of constrained deontology. First, it examines whether mathematical threshold functions are the proper way to think about limits on deontology, given the discontinuities of our moral judgments and the desired phenomenology of rule-following. Second, it asks whether constrained deontology is appropriate for public as well as private decision-making, taking issue with the book's conclusion that deontological options are inapplicable to public decision-making, whereas deontological constraints are applicable. Third, it examines the issue of the relationship between deontology and efficiency, asking whether deontological constraints should yield in situations where everyone would expect to benefit from their suspension, either ex ante or ex post. Finally, the article concludes that constrained deontology is susceptible to political abuse because of the many degrees of freedom involved in identifying constrained actions and the point at which those constraints yield to consequentialist benefits.
Identification of the Bones of the Snout in Fossil Lower Actinopterygians—A New Nomenclature Scheme Based on Characters

Currently, there is no standardized nomenclatural scheme for identifying and naming the bones of the snout in lower actinopterygians and specifically those fishes referred to as palaeoniscoids. A literature review reveals that the same bone names are used by different researchers to identify very different bones. This lack of homogeneity is problematic because it makes comparisons among taxa difficult, impairs our understanding of the morphological diversity of lower actinopterygians, and presents potential pitfalls when building character matrices for phylogenetic analyses. Because of the problems the absence of a standardized nomenclature scheme presents, a new set of rules for the identification of the bones of the snout of lower actinopterygians is proposed. These definitions are based on characters that are commonly preserved such as the presence of sensory canals, location of bones in relation to other bones, and whether or not the bones contribute to forming nasal openings. When numerous characters...
The Formalization of Growth Coalitions and the New Politics of Urban Development

In 1992, Heywood Sanders wrote of a new politics of urban development related primarily to convention center expansion and tourism-related development. In this new politics, the public’s role had been drastically reduced and the primary sites of political bargaining were at the state level and in state-created special-purpose authorities. Despite the fact that such development has become prominent in U.S. cities, few scholars in the field have explored the institutional aspects of this new politics or its implications for the broader literature of urban political science. Rather than focus on the institutions and intergovernmental aspects of urban development, scholars have placed such research within the power debate relating to regime politics and the informal coalitions that have been forged in bringing such developments to fruition. This approach misses much of what is significant about the new mode of governance taking place - its formal nature. This study explores the politics described above, with a particular focus on its implications for intergovernmental relations, fiscal capacity, and accountability at the local level. Using case studies of two development projects managed by the Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority (MPEA), a special municipal corporation that manages the convention center and an entertainment district in Chicago, the paper argues that the existence of permanent development bureaucracies, largely independent of elected officials in their day-to-day implementation of policy, necessitates adaptation of existing theories of urban power in order to fit contemporary empirical evidence.
Information Technology Policy: Action Items for the Next Four Years

In its second term, the Obama administration's goal should be to enact public policy that preserves the nation's leadership position in computing. Published as part of the Baker Institute's "2013 Policy Recommendations for the Obama Administration."
Embryonic Histrionics: A Critical Evaluation of the Bush Stem Cell Funding Policy and the Congressional Alternative

For the past decade, the debate over federal funding of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research has dominated the national discussion of biomedical science policy. In 2001, President Bush announced the federal government would place significant limitations on funding of hESC research. In 2006, Congress passed legislation to overrule this decision but failed to override a presidential veto. This article goes beyond the headlines to critique the assumptions and the internal logic of the President's position and Congress' failed alternative, finding that neither constitutes a logically coherent public policy. It also evaluates the impact that the Bush policy has had on scientific progress in the field.
Teachers and Field Instructors as Student Role Models: A Neglected Dimension in Social Work Education

Abstract The social work literature often mentions the value and importance of faculty and field instructors serving as role models for students. Unlike allied disciplines, the influence of role models in social work education remains relatively unexplored. This article includes a search of two electronic databases on role models and social work education, identifies the various conceptual references the social work literature makes to the topic, and then discusses its inclusion as a variable in empirical studies. It argues that more qualitative investigation is needed into role modeling as an inextricable component of social work students' socialization to the profession.
Nationalism and the Kingdom of God according to Hans Kohn and Carlton J. H. Hayes

In these words of Isaiah the prophet "God at every stage stands over against the idols of the nations as He who knows the coming things and announces them from the beginning, whereas they, the idols of the nations, know nothing, and there fore are incapable of announcing anything."1 At the same time, however, Isaiah envisioned God as the reconciler and redeemer of nations who would usher in an era of world peace and good will among men. In the "age of nationalism," the two foremost authorities on the history of nationalism reaffirmed Isaiah's vision. Both Hans Kohn (1891-1971) and Carlton J. H. Hayes (1882-1964) met what Reinhold Niebuhr called "the test of true prophecy," or the revelation of polytheism and false prophecy and the procla mation of redemption.2 Their basic approaches and emphases differed; Hayes sought to expose the idols of modern history, while Kohn dreamed of a unified mankind. In the long run, however, both men remained faithful to the twofold teaching of Isaiah. Both pronounced judgment on bellicose nationalism but also believed in the possibility of reconciliation among na tions.3 This Weltanshauung resulted from two sources, a study of history and faith derived from Judaism and Christianity. H. VINCENT MOSES (B.A., M.A., Baylor University) is Instructor in History, College of the Redwoods, Eureka, California. His interests include recent United States history, American thought, and Taoism, and he has written several book notes for JCS. 1. Martin Buber, The Prophetic Faith (New York: Macmillan, 1949), p. 220. Cf. D. E. Hollenberg, "Nationalism and 'the Nations' in Isaiah XL-LV," Vetus Testa mentum 19 (January 1969) : 23-36. 2. Reinhold Niebuhr, Beyond Tragedy (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937, 1955), pp. 93-110. 3. The liberal "children of light" viewed modern history as the automatic evolution to higher civilization. Hegel, a "child of light," said "Weltgeschichte ist Weltgericht"
Electron-impact ionization ofLi2andLi2+

Electron-impact ionization cross sections for ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{Li}_{2}{}^{+}$ are calculated using a configuration-average distorted-wave method. Bound orbitals for the molecule and its ions are calculated using a single-configuration self-consistent-field method based on a linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. The bound orbitals are transformed onto a two-dimensional lattice $(r,\ensuremath{\theta})$, which is variable in the radial coordinate and constant in the angular coordinate, from which Hartree with local exchange potentials are constructed. The single-particle Schr\"odinger equation is then solved for continuum distorted waves with $S$-matrix boundary conditions. Total ionization cross sections for ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$ at an equilibrium internuclear separation of $R=5.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{a.u.}$ and for $\mathrm{Li}_{2}{}^{+}$ at an equilibrium internuclear separation of $R=5.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{a.u.}$ are presented.
Technology development and disasters: is there a silver lining to the dark cloud?

A significant amount of research was funded after Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast region. Topics range from the immediately known problems associated with flood control and weather forecasting into issues associated with social, economic and political landscapes. In an effort to understand the impact of a natural disaster on research and the implications for technology innovation and development, the current research will use tech mining approaches to analyse Science Citation Index (SCI) abstracts to determine the amount of research specifically related to Hurricane Katrina, as well as the specific subject matters studied as a result of that storm. The end result is a basis on which to analyse the impact of that storm's effects on technology research. This effort is but one step in understanding the impact of such disasters on technology development.
Superparasitization of the Southern Green Stink Bug by the Tachinid Parasite Trichopoda pennipes pilipes and Its Effect on the Host and Parasite Survival

Effect of superparasitization on the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), and its parasite Trichopoda pennipes pilipes (F.) is discussed. The parasite emerged from 38 to 78% of the superparasitized hosts. This percentage was correlated with the number of parasite larval penetrations into each host. At low larval density (2-5 parasite larvae per host), the percentage of hosts from which the parasites emerged was greater (64-78%) than at high parasite larval density (7-14 parasite larvae per host). In the latter case the percentage of hosts which produced adult parasites was reduced to 38%. The fecundity of the superparasitized hosts was reduced to about 59% of that of unparasitized hosts, but the percentage of egg fertility remained unaffected.
Applications of time series analysis to forecasting incidence of Bacillary Dysentery in Fuyang city

Objective To explore the application of time series analysis to bacillary dysentery incidence forecasting and confirm its feasibility and applicability. Methods Autoregressive integrated moving average( ARIMA) model was fitted with data of monthly bacillary dysentery incidence from January 2009 to June 2013,and the monthly incidence of July to November 2013 was predicted and evaluated. Results The model of ARIMA( 1,2,0) ×( 0,1,0)12was established,which was used to verify its feasibility due to predictive results were basic similar to actual incidence. Conclusion The model of ARIMA can be used to simulate variable trends of incidence for bacillary dysentery on time series and to forecast its prevalence within a short period.
Retrospective Analysis of 257 Cases of Children's Medication Consultation

Objective To review the children's medicine consultation work for further promotion of drug consultation service and improvementof the quality of pharmaceutical care for children in our hospital. Methods The records of medicine consultation service were collected during January, 2010 to December, 2012 and the the inquisitor's identity, the classification of drugs and advisory content were retrospectively analysed. Results The identities of inquisitors were mainly children's parents. The others were medical staff and pharmacist/medical technologists. Antibiotic agents are the most frequently counseled and secondly the clinical common drugs and digestive agents. The contents of consultation are mainly about usage and dosage of drugs(48.16%), then the adverse reactions and cautions(14.72%), indications(11.37%), drug interaction and incompatibility(8.03%). Conclusion Medication consultation plays an important role in the pediatric pharmaceutical service. This work could be an important way to improve the safety and rationality of children's drug use, and can increase the drug use compliance and ensure safety and effectiveness of pediatric medication.
Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance in Commensal Rodents in Huizhou

Objective To study the anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in commensal rodents. Methods According to the guideline of the "national drug resistance survilliance in rodent", a non-selective test was performed on the commensal rodents in Huizhou. Results The rodents (98 brown rats, 57 yellow chest rats and 11 house mice) caught in nine districts of Huizhou were tested. The resistance rates of brown rats, yellow chest rats and house mice were 1.02%, 10.53% and 45.45%, respectively. The total average dosage taken in brown rats, yellow chest rats and house mice were 10.1mg/kg, 112.57mg/kg and 664.35mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion The result showed that the population of Mus musculus had developed the resistance to the first generation of this anticoagulant rodenticide. Individuals of Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus also became resistant to this rodenticide. The rodenticide Ⅱ should be used in the areas where Mus musculus were caught. The anticoagulant rodenticide I can still be used but with careful tests of sensitivity.[
The Use of Topical Vasodilators as an Adjunct in Infant Renal Surgery

AbstractIn infant renal surgery there is a well recognized problem with vasospasm and resultant renal ischemia. Recently, we applied vasodilators to the perivascular tissues during renal surgery to prevent vasospasm. With this mode of treatment no renal units were lost owing to ischemia secondary to the operative procedure. The treatment has been especially useful in infants with duplicated systems undergoing partial nephroureterectomy. Owing to the diminutive size of infant renal vessels, vasospasm can be triggered easily even with the most careful hilar dissection. Thus, to assure maximal preservation of tissue, vasospasm must be prevented before renal mobilization and hilar dissection. Therefore, to prevent the development of renal ischemia in infants undergoing rennal surgery we recommend 1) initial exposure of the hilar vessels before dissection, 2) application of papaverine and lidocaine to the perivascular tissues, and 3) delaying further dissection until maximal vasodilation has occurred.
Interval and Ordinal Data in DEA

So far, all previous chapters have assumed that data in DEA are known exactly. In the DEA literature, there are models for dealing with rank data and interval data. For example, some outputs and inputs may be only known as in forms of bounded or interval data, ordinal data, and ratio bounded data. Cook et al. (Journal of Operational Research Society, 44, 133–140, 1993; Journal of Operational Research Society, 47, 945–953, 1996) were the first who developed a modified DEA structure where the inputs and outputs are represented as rank positions in an ordinal, rather than numerical sense.
Time-domain stochastic finite element simulation of uncertain seismic wave propagation through uncertain heterogeneous solids

Abstract This paper presents an efficient numerical methodology in probabilistically solving the governing partial differential equation of solid mechanics with uncertainties in both the material parameter and forcing function in the time domain using the stochastic Galerkin approach. The methodology hypothesizes the input forcing function and the elastic modulus of the solid to be a nonstationary random process and a heterogeneous random field, respectively, and efficiently represents them in terms of multidimensional Hermite polynomial chaos – orthogonal and uncorrelated polynomials of zero-mean, unit variance Gaussian random variables – by taking advantage of the optimality of the Kosambi-Karhunen-Loeve theorem. The methodology allows for any non-Gaussian marginal distributions and any arbitrary correlation structures for the input process and field. The solution random processes (displacement, velocity, and acceleration) are also represented in terms of multidimensional Hermite polynomial chaos expansions whose coefficients at each time step are estimated by applying a stochastic Galerkin projection with the time integration performed via the Newmark's method. The methodology is illustrated, keeping the geotechnical site response analysis in mind, with fully probabilistic, time-domain propagations of bedrock motions through an elastic soil deposit in one-dimension, and is verified using the Monte Carlo method. The effects of input uncertainty parameters of the soil modulus and bedrock motion on the simulated surface motion are also quantified through a parametric sensitivity study.
Weight control intervention for truck drivers: The SHIFT Randomized controlled trial, United States

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of the Safety and Health Involvement For Truckers (SHIFT) intervention with a randomized controlled design. Methods The multicomponent intervention was a weight-loss competition supported with body weight and behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. We evaluated intervention effectiveness with a cluster-randomized design involving 22 terminals from 5 companies in the United States in 2012 to 2014. Companies were required to provide interstate transportation services and operate at least 2 larger terminals. We randomly assigned terminals to intervention or usual practice control conditions. We assessed participating drivers (n = 452) at baseline and 6 months. Results In an intent-to-treat analysis, the postintervention difference between groups in mean body mass index change was 1.00 kilograms per meters squared (P Conclusions Results establish the effectiveness of a multicomponent and remotely administered intervention for producing significant weight loss among commercial truck drivers.
Developmental differences of dimension complexity of hippocampal EEG during REM sleep

This paper uses spectral analysis and correlation dimension index to examine the developmental differences between the EEG measured from two hippocampal subfields, CA1 and the dentate gyrus. The study was focused on the hippocampal EEG during the vigilance state of REM sleep in freely moving rats of 15 and 90 days of age. Power spectra, magnitude-squared coherence, and correlation dimension were estimated. The correlation dimension adds a new interpretation from the nonlinear dynamics perspective, and we found that there are no significant developmental differences between the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cells of area CA1 when the theta activity was present during REM sleep.
The stability of gadolinium-based contrast agents in human serum: A reanalysis of literature data and association with clinical outcomes

Abstract Purpose To reanalyze literature data of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in plasma with a kinetic model of dissociation to provide a comprehensive assessment of equilibrium conditions for linear GBCAs. Methods Data for the release of Gd from GBCAs in human serum was extracted from a previous report in the literature and fit to a kinetic dissociation/association model. The conditional stabilities (logKcond) and percent intact over time were calculated using the model rate constants. The correlations between clinical outcomes and logKcond or other stability indices were determined. Results The release curves for Omniscan®, gadodiamide, OptiMARK®, gadoversetamide Magnevist® and Multihance® were extracted and all fit well to the kinetic model. The logKconds calculated from the rate constants were on the order of ~ 4–6, and were not significantly altered by excess ligand or phosphate. The stability constant based on the amount intact by the initial elimination half-life of GBCAs in plasma provided good correlation with outcomes observed in patients. Conclusions Estimation of the kinetic constants for GBCA dissociation/association revealed that their stability in physiological fluid is much lower than previous approaches would suggest, which correlates well with deposition and pharmacokinetic observations of GBCAs in human patients.
JunB Limits Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Functions as a Protective Mechanism against Initiation of Myeloid Malignancy

Abstract The JunB/AP-1 transcription factor plays a crucial role in controlling homeostasis of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment and functions as a tumor suppressor in mice. We have previously demonstrated that mice lacking JunB accurately recapitulate important clinical aspects of human myeloid malignancies, including chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML). Using this model, we have shown that leukemia-initiating stem cells (LSCs) can arise from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. Now, we have identified the mechanisms by which JunB regulates HSC functions and discovered how inactivation of this key transcription factor leads to HSC transformation into LSCs that overproduce myeloid progenitors and drive myeloproliferative disease (MPD) development in vivo. We found that JunB normally controls the proliferation of the long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) by regulating the expression levels of key cell cycle regulators, including the CKI p57 and the polycomb group gene Bmi1, and limits the rate at which LT-HSCs produce myeloid progenitors by maintaining appropriate responsiveness to both Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways. These functions place JunB at the center of a complex network of intrinsic and extrinsic regulations that ensure coordinate regulation of HSC proliferation and differentiation, independently of LT-HSC maintenance and self-renewal activity. These results provide a mechanism for disease initiation in a broad range of human myeloid malignancies, including those in which JunB inactivation has already been reported. Moreover, they expand our understanding of the normal biology of the HSC compartment and provide a mechanism to explain how mutations that increase the proliferation of a single LT-HSC can become dominant and lead to the expansion of an aberrant clone within the otherwise normal HSC compartment. Understanding clonal dominance of LT-HSCs is clearly at the root of designing new therapeutic treatments for a broad spectrum of hematological malignancies.