cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exciton Structure and Zeeman Effects in Cadmium Selenide

The exciton spectra of CdSe has been observed and identified by optical reflection, absorption and Zeeman structure at 1.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The reflection and absorption spectra indicate the presence of two nonoverlapping exciton series. From observed optical selection rules, the conduction band is identified as having ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ symmetry. The two series correspond to the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{9}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ valence bands split by the crystal field by approximately 200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A third series, at higher energies, has been observed in absorption corresponding to a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ valence band state split by spin-orbit effects from the other two states by approximately 3490 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ${n}_{1}=1, 2, 3, \mathrm{and} 4$ states of the first (${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{9}$) series, the ${n}_{2}=1 \mathrm{and} 2$ states of the second (first ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$) series, and the ${n}_{3}=1$ state of the third (second ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$) series have been observed and identified in absorption. The series limit of the first series, corresponding to the band gap, has been measured to be 14 850 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A semi-empirical theory of exciton structure in the presence of an external magnetic field developed in the effective mass approximation has been used to obtain the band parameters at K=0 of CdSe from observed exciton spectra. The effect of the finite photon momentum has been observed through changes in the Zeeman structure of the ${n}_{1}=2$, $P$ states upon 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} rotation of the magnetic field in the plane perpendicular to the crystal $C$ axis. Some deviations between experiment and the theoretical predictions of the ellipsoidal effective mass theory have been observed. The relation between these deviations and the possibility of toroidal energy surfaces in CdSe is discussed briefly.
Spontaneous Closure of Physiologically Advantageous Ventricular Septal Defects

The clinical and pathological features of two cases in which physiologically advantageous ventricular septal defects closed spontaneously are presented. The first patient, with tricuspid atresia, Type I(c), developed symptoms and signs of increasing systemic hypoxemia, decreasing pulmonary blood flow, and a systolic murmur of decreasing intensity. His ventricular septal defect, previously demonstrated angiocardiographically, could not be found at autopsy; it is presumed to have closed by fusion of its muscular rims with subsequent covering by endocardial proliferation. The second patient, with a double-outlet right ventricle, demonstrated progressive left ventricular enlargement and congestive failure despite increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. Postmortem examination showed that this defect was sealed by adherence of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve to the edges of the defect. Appreciation of the true nature of the changing anatomical situation would have resulted in more rational effective...
Interactive MRI segmentation with controlled active vision

Partitioning Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging (MRI) data into salient anatomic structures is a problem in medical imaging that has continued to elude fully automated solutions. Implicit functions are a common way to model the boundaries between structures and are amenable to control-theoretic methods. In this paper, the goal of enabling a human to obtain accurate segmentations in a short amount of time and with little effort is transformed into a control synthesis problem. Perturbing the state and dynamics of an implicit function's driving partial differential equation via the accumulated user inputs and an observer-like system leads to desirable closed-loop behavior. Using a Lyapunov control design, a balance is established between the influence of a data-driven gradient flow and the human's input over time. Automatic segmentation is thus smoothly coupled with interactivity. An application of the mathematical methods to orthopedic segmentation is shown, demonstrating the expected transient and steady state behavior of the implicit segmentation function and auxiliary observer.
Identification and intermodel comparison of seasonal circulation patterns over North America

Shifts in the frequency of atmospheric circulation patterns throughout the year can characterize seasonality and provide a means to evaluate the ability of atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) to reproduce key dynamical structures influencing regional climate. However, the identified characteristics of these patterns can depend on the clustering method used, the physical properties of the model generating the circulation fields, and even their spatial scale. Using two statistical clustering methods, a mixture model and a hierarchical method, we show that these factors can result in distinctly different atmospheric patterns characterizing seasonal circulation over eastern North America based on NCEP and ERA-40 geopotential height and sea level pressure (SLP) fields. Consistency is improved through constraining the number of clusters at each level to 4 or 5, and using the mixture model method. In general, this method tends to produce more consistent results across the various datasets and is more sensitive to day-to-day variations in pattern frequencies than the traditional hierarchical method. Applying the mixture method to PCM and CCSM3 simulations reveals some clear differences relative to reanalysis-based patterns. In particular, the AOGCMs do not reproduce the observed duration and/or location of summer, with seasonal shifts (PCM) and summer extensions (CCSM) that are strongest at lower levels. However, taking into account the uncertainty introduced by the different factors, these AOGCMs do successfully capture many of the observed large-scale drivers of seasonality. These results lend support to circulation-based downscaling, but also highlight some systematic model biases, and hence the ongoing potential for improvements in model parameterization and dynamics. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
When Gunfire Shatters Bone: Reducing Sociotechnical Systems to Social Relationships

I am perplexed by much of Grint and Woolgar's (1992 [this issue]) commentary, since I share some of the positions that they argue that I should hold (e.g., that the capabilities of technologies, practices of using them, and the consequences of these usage practices are contingent and socially mediated). And they claim that I hold at least one position that I do not (self-acting guns). I am given limited space in which to reply to their interesting but sometimes confused commentary. Consequently, I encourage readers to review my original article and rejoinder rather than to repeat many of my analyses again. Grint and Woolgar implicitly question the ascription of any given range of capabilities, such as lethal capacity, to any technology-whether 22caliber pistols, AK47 assault rifles, paring knives, Scud missiles, roses, or Jaguar sedans. They insist on a rigid dichotomy between a strong essentialism that links undeniably fixed capabilities and deterministic effects to a given technology or complete indeterminacy. In their view, the way that the capabilities, usage, and consequences of a technology are socially mediated undermines the possibility of strong narrative claims. They often imply that all possibilities seem comparably plausible. In their analysis, possible, plausible, and likely social patterns play comparable explanatory and illustrative roles. We agree that the capabilities of technologies are not fixed and depend upon social relationships between users, technologies, and other "close-in" participants. We agree that any relationship between technologies and social effects are socially produced and mediated through complex social networks, institutionalized arrangements, and systems of belief and communication. The likely range of lethal capacities of a particular kind of gun can depend
Epidermal growth factor increases lysophosphatidic acid production in human ovarian cancer cells: roles for phospholipase D2 and receptor transactivation.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is a lipid mediator that binds to G-protein coupled receptors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a polypeptide growth factor, binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR), a receptor ...
High-speed three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography: The dynamic spatial reconstructor

Most X-ray CT scanners require a few seconds to produce a single two-dimensional (2-D) image of a cross section of the body. The accuracy of full three-dimensional (3-D) images of the body synthesized from a contiguous set of 2-D images produced by sequential CT scanning of adjacent body slices is limited by 1) slice-to-slice registration (positioning of patient); 2) slice thickness; and 3) motion, both voluntary and involuntary, which occurs during the total time required to scan all slices. Therefore, this method is inadequate for true dynamic 3-D imaging of moving organs like the heart, lungs, and circulation. To circumvent these problems, the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR) was designed by the Biodynamics Research Unit at the Mayo Clinic to provide synchronous volume imaging, that is stop-action (1/100 s), high-repetition rate (up to 60/s), simultaneous scanning of many parallel thin cross sections (up to 240, each 0.45 mm thick, 0.9 mm apart) spanning the entire anatomic extent of the bodily organ(s)of interest. These capabilities are achieved by using multiple X-ray sources and multiple 2-D fluoroscopic video camera assemblies on a continually rotating gantry. Desired tradeoffs between temporal, spatial, and density resolution can be achieved by retrospective selection and processing of appropriate subsets of the total data recorded during a continuous DSR scan sequence.
Functional Analysis of the C2A Domain of Synaptotagmin 1: Implications for Calcium-Regulated Secretion

Synaptotagmin 1 is proposed to function as a low affinity calcium sensor for calcium-triggered exocytosis from neural and neuroendocrine cells. Because of the calcium-binding properties of the C2A domain of synaptotagmin 1, calcium-dependent interactions through this domain may modulate neurotransmitter release. We addressed this question by using alanine-scanning mutagenesis to generate a series of mutations within the C2A domain of synaptotagmin 1. The effects of these mutations on synaptotagmin 1 C2A function were analyzed for (1) calcium-dependent phospholipid binding, (2) calcium-dependent binding to syntaxin 1A, a plasma membrane protein critical for vesicle docking or fusion, and (3) calcium-regulated secretion after microinjection into neuroendocrine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Our analyses reveal that a polylysine motif at residues 189–192 confers an inhibitory effect on secretion by recombinant synaptotagmin C2A fragments. The synaptotagmin 1 C2A polylysine motif functions independently of calcium-mediated interactions with phospholipids and syntaxin 1A. Furthermore, α-latrotoxin reverses the inhibitory effect of injected recombinant C2A fragments, suggesting that they perturb the cellular calcium-sensing machinery by interfering with synaptotagmin 1 activity in vivo . Our results indicate that novel calcium-independent interactions mediated through the C2A polylysine motif of synaptotagmin 1 function to modulate neurotransmitter release.
Ozone Alters the Expression of Tenascin-C in Cultured Primate Nasal Epithelial Cells

Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix component which is transiently expressed in association with epithelial cell detachment, proliferation, and migration. This molecule has been identified in respiratory tissue, but little is known about the cellular source of tenascin-C or the factors that regulate its production. Since air pollutants are known to disrupt epithelial integrity, we investigated the regulation of tenascin-C in response to 0.3 ppm ozone in differentiated primate nasal epithelial cells in culture at an air–medium interface. The expression of tenascin-C was upregulated in response to ozone, as determined by Northern blot analysis, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. In contrast, there was no change in the mRNA levels for versican, biglycan, perlecan, or collagen type I. Reduced cellular attachment to the substrate was evident in ozone-treated cultures in association with tenascin-C deposition at the interfaces between cells and basal surfaces. The presence of tenascin-C on denu...
Binding Modes of Mammalian Hepatic Gal/GalNAc Receptors

Mammalian Gal/GalNAc receptors show dramatic preference for three-branched oligosaccharide structures over two- or one-branched counterparts. The spatial arrangement of the Gal residues is extremely important for optimal binding. The three terminal Gal residues in the best triantennary ligand are about 15-30 A apart, and therefore the sugar-combining sites on the receptor may also have the same geometry. The results obtained with synthetic ligands containing Gal or GalNAc are in agreement with this concept. Photoaffinity labelling and GalNAc-lactoperoxidase catalysed iodolabelling of the receptors revealed that the minor subunits (52 and 60 kDa) were more readily labelled than the major subunit (43 kDa). The stoichiometry of binding was determined with synthetic ligands containing GalNAc. The results indicated that each subunit may have two sugar-combining sites. A model for subunit assembly is proposed on the basis of these results and the finding that coexpression of all subunits is necessary for the binding and processing of asialo-orosomucoid in transfected cells, whereas Gal-polylysine can be bound and processed by the cells expressing only the major subunit.
CD40 Engagement on Dendritic Cells, but Not on B or T Cells, Is Required for Long-Term Control of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68

CD4 T cells are not essential for primary clearance of replicating murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) but are required for effective long-term control. The virus reactivates in the lungs of major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient (CII−/−) mice that lack functional CD4 T cells. CD40 ligand (CD40L) is upregulated on activated CD4 T cells, and it is thought that CD40-CD40L interactions are an important component of CD4 T-cell help. Our previous studies have shown that agonistic antibodies to CD40 can substitute for CD4 T-cell function in the long-term control of MHV-68. In the present study, we sought to identify the CD40-positive cell type mediating this effect. To address this question, we adoptively transferred MHV-68 peptide-pulsed CII −/− dendritic cells (DC) that had been treated with an agonistic antibody to CD40 into MHV-68-infected CII −/− recipients. Viral reactivation was significantly lower in mice injected with anti-CD40-treated DC than in those injected with control DC or in mice that did not receive any DC. However, in similar experiments with B cells, anti-CD40 treatment had no effect. We also investigated the requirement for CD40 expression on T cells by adoptive transfer of T cells from CD40 +/+ or CD40 −/− mice into T-cell-deficient recipients that were subsequently infected with MHV-68. The results showed that CD40 expression on T cells is not necessary for preventing viral reactivation. Taken together, our data suggest that CD40 engagement on DC, but not on T or B cells, is essential for effective long-term control of MHV-68.
Planar GaAs IC technology: Applications for digital LSI

This technology utilizes multiple localized ion implantations directly into semi-insulating GaAs substrates, with unimplanted areas providing isolation between circuit elements. This approach allows for high yield, high density circuits, with optimization of various types of devices (e.g., GaAs MESFETs, high-speed Schottky-barrier diodes, etc.) made possible by optimizing the implantation profile for each type of device. The application of this fabrication technology for high-speed, ultra low power digital integrated circuits using a new circuit approach called Schottky diode-FET logic (SDFL) is described. Experimental GaAS SDFL logic ICs with LSI/VLSI compatible power levels (200-500 /spl mu/W/gate) and circuit densities (<10/SUP -3/ mm/SUP 2//gate) have been fabricated.
The Pull of the Past When Do Habits Persist Despite Conflict With Motives

To identify the factors that disrupt and maintain habit performance, two field experiments tested the conditions under which people eat out of habit, leading them to resist motivational influences. Habitual popcorn eaters at a cinema were minimally influenced by their hunger or how much they liked the food, and they ate equal amounts of stale and fresh popcorn. Yet, mechanisms of automaticity influenced habit performance: Participants ate out of habit, regardless of freshness, only when currently in the context associated with past performance (i.e., a cinema; Study 1) and only when eating in a way that allowed them to automatically execute the response cued by that context (i.e., eating with their dominant hand; Study 2). Across all conditions, participants with weaker cinema-popcorn-eating habits ate because of motivations such as liking for the popcorn. The findings reveal how habits resist conflicting motives and provide insight into promising mechanisms of habit change.
On the nature of the phases formed when metals are implanted with oxygen or nitrogen

Abstract Although the average composition change resulting from O or N implantation in a metal is small up to a dose of about 3 × 1016 ions/cm2, the implanted atoms tend to be atomically mobile under the conditions used for bombardments and precipitation of an oxide or nitride can be expected. The object of this work is to explain what phases are formed. One model is based on the postulate that the precipitates are at the surface and have a high anion-to-cation ratio. The resultant phase therefore tends to be that which arises from the impact of any heavy particle on the surface of a high oxide or nitride. An alternative model is based on the postulate that the precipitates tend, independently of where they form, to be in qualified thermodynamic equilibrium with the metal. A consideration of the known examples of O or N implantation suggests that qualified thermodynamic equilibrium is the better guide to which phases are formed.
Precise analysis of silver by flow‐injection analysis with stripping voltammetric detection

Flow-injection analysis (FIA) with voltammetric detection can be used in either the direct voltammetric or the stripping mode. In this study, a locally designed and constructed instrument with features not available in commercial instruments was used for the precise analysis of silver in aluminum. The carrier solution was 0.1 M Al(NO3)3 with 2 × 10−3 M HNO3. Silver solution was introduced by timed, partial-loop injection. After cathodic deposition, a square-wave or staircase voltammetric stripping sweep was applied. The data were recorded and analyzed by computer. Silver solutions of 8 × 10−8 to 4 × 10−5 M were tested. The standard deviations of repeat determinations of artificial samples varied from 0.12 to 0.78%. This precision was limited by the stability of the pump flow.
How Public Opinion Constrains the U.S. Supreme Court

Although scholars increasingly acknowledge a contemporaneous relationship between public opinion and Supreme Court decisions, debate continues as to why this relationship exists. Does public opinion directly influence decisions or do justices simply respond to the same social forces that simultaneously shape the public mood? To answer this question, we first develop a strategy to control for the justices' attitudinal change that stems from the social forces that influence public opinion. We then propose a theoretical argument that predicts strategic justices should be mindful of public opinion even in cases when the public is unlikely to be aware of the Court's activities. The results suggest that the influence of public opinion on Supreme Court decisions is real, substantively important, and most pronounced in nonsalient cases.
Dynamic packet fragmentation for increased virtual channel utilization in on-chip routers

Conventional packet-switched on-chip routers provide good resource sharing while minimizing latencies through various techniques. A virtual channel (VC) is allocated on a per-packet basis and held until the entire packet exits the VC buffer. This sometimes leads to inefficient use of VCs at high network loads. A blocked packet can affect adjacent routers, resulting in a congestion propagation effect. In such a scenario, VC buffers may be empty although they are regarded as fully occupied by a blocked packet. This paper proposes a dynamic packet fragmentation technique which releases empty VC buffers by fragmenting packets and allowing other packets to use the freed VC buffers. Thus, fragmentation increases VC utilization. Simulation experiments show performance improvement in terms of latency and throughput up to 20% and 7.5%, respectively.
Building intelligent traffic engineering solutions

In today’s ever more complex IT networked computing environment, it is becoming increasingly necessary to control and automate traditional tasks of provisioning, monitoring and management of network bandwidth and resources. In this paper, we propose an intelligent traffic engineering system to deliver next-generation provisioning and management network services. The proposed solution is capable of providing autonomic control of networks to provision bandwidth, routing and QoS to meet user SLA expectations, and dynamically engineer and manage traffic for optimal stability and performance.
Vulnerabilities, Stressors, and Adaptations in Situationally Violent Relationships

Very little research has examined the dynamics within couple relationships that may lead to situational couple violence (SCV; M. P. Johnson, 2006a; K. H. Rosen, S. M. Stith, A. L. Few, K. L. Daly, & D. R. Tritt, 2005). To enhance understanding of these dynamics, we conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 11 couples previously classified as engaging in SCV using M. P. Johnson and K. J. Ferraro's (2000) typology of violent relationships. In this analysis, sensitizing concepts from the vulnerability-stress-adaptation Model (B. R. Karney & T. N. Bradbury, 1995) were used to better understand the experiences of couples who report situational violence in their relationships. Findings demonstrate ways in which vulnerabilities and stressful events combine to create adaptive processes in couples, such as compliance, escalation, or withdrawal, which may lead to violence.
Telavancin for refractory methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and infective endocarditis

AbstractBackground: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) have become increasingly difficult to treat over the past decade, with suboptimal response rates of less than 50%. Although vancomycin and daptomycin are standard therapeutic options, treatment failures with either or both agents are common. Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with activity against MRSA. In vitro, telavancin displays bactericidal activity and has lower minimum inhibitory concentrations to MRSA than vancomycin. Methods: We present a retrospective, case-series report of 14 patients treated with telavancin for refractory MRSA bacteremia with and without IE at our institution from 9 September 2010 to 2 April 2012. Results: Of the 14 patients who received telavancin for refractory MRSA bacteremia and IE, eight survived their inpatient admission and were able to be followed for 30 days. The overall survival rate was 57% (n = 8). Of the eight surviving patients, five were dia...
Social facts and the sociological imagination: the contributions of sociology to psychiatric epidemiology

This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship of psychiatry, epidemiology, and sociology. After a section on definitions, seven empirical contributions by sociologists to the field of psychiatric epidemiology are briefly presented to illustrate the notion of the social fact (contributions by Durkheim, Dunham, Hollingshead, Srole and Langner, Kerckhoff and Back, Dohrenwend, and Brown). Four broad sociological theories are reviewed, as illustrations of the sociological imagination (stratification theory, the idea of Verstehen, symbolic interactionism, and the sociology of knowledge). It is concluded that two major contributions of sociology to psychiatric epidemiology are the concepts and data related to the social fact, and the possibilities offered by the sociological imagination.
Managerial Networking in Nonprofit Organizations: The Impact of Networking on Organizational and Advocacy Effectiveness

Public management scholars are interested in the ways that public managers can improve the performance of their organizations and, by extension, public service outcomes. However, public sector outcomes are increasingly being produced by nonprofit organizations. Nonprofits have encountered increased pressures to improve effectiveness in recent years, both from their funding entities and from the public. A growing body of public management research has shown that managerial networking can pay dividends for organizational effectiveness, yet no studies to date have considered the effects of managerial networking on nonprofit effectiveness. This is the first study to apply the basic elements of Meier and O'Toole's model to the nonprofit sector. Using survey data from a random sample of 314 nonprofit human service organizations in 16 U.S. states, the authors explore the frequency of various networking relationships on organizational and advocacy effectiveness. The findings reveal that political networking increases advocacy effectiveness and community networking increases organizational effectiveness.
Role Strain in Early Adolescence: A Model for Investigating School Transition Stress

Although research on school transitions is growing, researchers continue to lack adequate models and tools for conceptualizing and assessing school transition stress. The present study uses the theoretical framework and research on occupational role strain in adulthood as such a model and suggests that early adolescents experience role strain in the exercise of their roles as students. This role-strain framework was used to create the Early Adolescent School Role Strain Inventory (EASRSI) to assess school-related strains emanating from three settings: school, home, and peer group. This study identifies strains that early adolescents may experience as students and discusses the development of the inventory. Psychometric data presented suggest that the EASRSI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing this strain. Finally, it is suggested that the EASRSI has value for researchers who wish to investigate school-related stress and for school personnel who wish to design developmentally appropriate school envi...
Glyburide-ciprofloxacin interaction with resistant hypoglycemia

Glyburide, a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent, is metabolized by the P-450 hepatic enzyme system. Ciprofloxacin, a widely used quinolone antibiotic, is a recognized P-450 enzyme inhibitor. Conflicting data exist in the medical literature on the ability of quinolone antibiotics to inhibit glyburide hepatic metabolism. We present a case of hypoglycemia and an elevated serum glyburide level after 1 week of ciprofloxacin use in a patient receiving long-term glyburide therapy. Clinicians should consider this potential interaction in patients taking glyburide who require antibiotic therapy.
EMT is associated with, but does not drive resistance to ALK inhibitors among EML4-ALK non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract ALK gene fusion occurs in approximately 3–7% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For patients with ALK positive NCSLC, crizotinib and ceritinib are FDA approved ALK inhibitors, however, patients inevitably acquire resistance to such therapies typically within one to two years. Interrogation of in vitro ALK-positive NSCLC cell line models of acquired resistance to first and second-generation ALK inhibitors revealed acquired epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms. Here we demonstrated that knockdown of upregulated mesenchymal markers in acquired resistant lines decreased the invasive and migratory capabilities of the cells, however, it did not restore sensitivity to ALK inhibitors. Removing drug for 5 weeks from H3122 cell line that acquired resistance to ceritinib restored its sensitivity to ceritinib. In addition, HSP90 inhibitors ganetespib and 17-AAG were potent in inducing cell death in cell lines resistant to crizotinib and ceritinib. Taken together, EMT does not drive resistance to ALK inhibitors and HSP90 inhibition demonstrates more efficacy when further ALK inhibition may not. This study warrants more exploration of HSP90 inhibitors for ALK-positive patients who progress on 1st and 2nd line ALK inhibitor therapy.
Impact of a University-Based Program on Obese College Students' Physical Activity Behaviors, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy.

Background: More than one third of college students are either overweight or obese, making college campuses an ideal setting to target at risk behaviors while tailoring programs to the evolving lifestyle of college students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a 15-week, campus-based lifestyle modification program on obese college students with regard to physical activity behaviors, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Methods: Eighteen college students completed pre- and postintervention surveys that measured participants' behaviors, attitudes, stage of change, self-efficacy, social support, environmental factors, and body mass index. The PACE Adult Measure was used to assess physical activity variables for the study. Results: The intervention was successful at increasing physical activity level and self-efficacy and decreasing body mass index (BMI) when comparing pre and post measures (P < .05). Discussion: The results of this study suggest that collaborative programming on colleg...
Tetrahydrobiopterin and Vascular Endothelial Function

Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor required for enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (1). Three distinct NOS isoforms have been identified by molecular cloning: neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS). NOS isoforms play an important role in control of the cardiovascular system by generating nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. In blood vessels, besides the role in regulation of vasomotor function, nitric oxide is also a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and white blood cell adhesion. More recent studies have demonstrated that nitric oxide is a key mediator of angiogenesis. Thus, nitric oxide released from the endothelium is one of the most important regulators of vascular homeostasis.
Is Every Polygonal Region Illuminable from Some Point

(1969). Is Every Polygonal Region Illuminable from Some Point? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 180-180.
Mensural discrimination between Reithrodontomys megalotis and R. montanus using cranial characters

We assessed the utility of cranial measurements to discriminate between the western harvest mouse ( Reithrodontomys megalotis ) and plains harvest mouse ( R. montanus ). We tested four combinations of measurements using discriminant function analysis to determine if several measurements could be used together to identify individuals of the two species regardless of age. Individual cranial measurements could not be used to correctly identify all individuals of the two species when relative age was disregarded. When age was considered, adults and old adults, but not subadults, could be identified correctly based on univariate statistical data from cranial characters. All specimens of the two species, regardless of age, were identified correctly by discriminant function analysis using three of the four combinations of measurements.
Sepsis Endotypes Defined By Cytokine Trajectory Analysis

Several studies have linked cytokine levels to severity of sepsis and outcome, but the relative timing of biomarker levels, the septic process and outcomes is often unclear.
Experimental Investigation and XY Model Simulation on the Frequency Domain Spectroscopy Characteristics of Transformer Oil-paper Insulation

In order to achieve better field-diagnostic performance of frequency domain spectroscopy in diagnosing insulation status of oil-paper in transformers,the frequency domain spectroscopy characteristics of transformer oilpaper insulation system is investigated on the basis of XY model simulation associated with a transformer experimental model,which supports main insulation structure modification.Firstly,the equivalence between XY model simulation and field FDS measurement of transformer model is verified using the Concept 80broadband dielectric spectrometer and dielectric response analyzer apparatus DIRANA.Then,based on the complex permittivity spectroscopy data of pressboard,frequency domain spectroscopy characteristics of oil-paper insulation system under different conditions,such as different insulation structures,oil conductivity,water content of pressboard and aging status,are systematically discussed using XY model simulation.Results show that a"hump" can be observed in the frequency spectroscopy of tanδwhen the oil conductivity is relatively higher.The frequency relating to the maximum value of the"hump"shifts to higher with the increase of oil conductivity,but the maximum tanδvalues maintain the same.The frequency relating to the maximum value of the"hump"also shifts to higher values with the increase of X or Y value of the insulation structure,meanwhile the amplitude of the"hump" decreases.As the aging proceeds,the frequency spectroscopy of tanδshifts to higher frequency.Therefore,a new way of aging-status diagnosis for transformer utilizing FDS is provided.
Gastrointestinal mantle cell lymphoma:one case report

A case of gastrointestinal mantle cell lymphoma,which presented with abdominal discomfort diagnosed by colonoscopy,was reported.We hope that it can help endoscopist to discern this kind of disease through endoscopy.
Abstract 2436: Exploring genomic alterations in pediatric cancer using ProteinPaint

Current cancer genome data portals have focused primarily on presenting data generated from adult cancer studies. These portals typically lack features for exploring pathogenic germline mutations, somatic gene fusions, and gene expression profiling, all of which are important biomarkers for risk stratification of pediatric cancer. We have developed ProteinPaint (https://pecan.stjude.org/proteinpaint/), a web service hosting 30,000+ validated somatic SNV/indels and fusion transcripts detected in 1,654 pediatric tumor samples from 17 subtypes, 252 pathogenic or loss-of-function germline lesions detected in >1000 pediatric cancer patients of 21 subtypes, and gene expression profiles derived from RNA-Seq of 928 pediatric tumors. Cancer genomic alterations are shown on novel “disc-on-stem” skewer graphs which were designed to depict the diverse prevalence, complex allelic alteration, and temporal origin of sequence mutations and gene fusions. Adult somatic cancer mutation data from the COSMIC database can be displayed in parallel with pediatric cancer data sets for cross-study comparison. We will demonstrate examples of how ProteinPaint9s integrative view of genomic alteration, gene expression and pediatric-adult data comparison has facilitated the evaluation of somatic and germline mutation pathogenicity in a clinical setting. Custom data including sequence mutations in the MAF format used by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, copy number alterations, and structural variations can all be imported and visualized alongside published pediatric and adult cancer data sets. Furthermore, ProteinPaint supports curation and annotation of fusion transcripts predicted from RNASeq data and analysis of tumor clonal evolution with a 2-D plot of mutation frequency of paired diagnosis and relapse samples. ProteinPaint delivers a premium user experience with animation and interactive features for visualizing large cancer mutation datasets, and can serve as a workbench to import, explore and interpret user data. Its framework continues to expand as its intuitive visualization has enabled non-bioinformatics scientists and clinicians to access and manipulate genomic data for discovery and clinical reporting. Citation Format: Xin Zhou, Michael N. Edmonson, Mark R. Wilkinson, Aman Patel, Gang Wu, Yu Liu, Yongjin Li, Zhaojie Zhang, Michael Rusch, Matthew Parker, Jared Becksfort, James R. Downing, Jinghui Zhang. Exploring genomic alterations in pediatric cancer using ProteinPaint. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2436.
Immunisation recommendations following treatment for cancer.

Immunisation status may be compromised in children who survive cancer and re-immunisation is vital. The immunisation schedule for these children is presented in a table. (non-author abstract)
Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged/Large-Eddy Simulation of a Scramjet Cavity Flameholder

Steady-state and scale-resolving simulations have been performed for flow in and around a model scramjet combustor flameholder. Experimental data available for this configuration include velocity statistics obtained from particle image velocimetry as well as a limited number of scalar measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Several turbulence models were used for the steady-state Reynolds-averaged simulations, which included both linear and nonlinear eddy viscosity models. The scale-resolving simulations used a hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation strategy that is designed to be a large-eddy simulation everywhere except in the inner portion (log layer and below) of the boundary layer. Hence, this formulation can be regarded as a wall-modeled large-eddy simulation. This effort was undertaken to not only assess the performance of the hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation modeling approach in a flowfield of interest to the scramjet research community but also to begin to u...
Foreword: Big Data and its Application in Health Disparities Research

The articles presented in this special issue advance the conversation by describing the current efforts, findings and concerns related to Big Data and health disparities. They offer important recommendations and perspectives to consider when designing systems that can usefully leverage Big Data to reduce health disparities. We hope that ongoing Big Data efforts can build on these contributions to advance the conversation, address our embedded assumptions, and identify levers for action to reduce health care disparities.
Engaging Students to Create an Interactive Classroom Environment

[NOTE: Dr. Kim Eby stepped in and led an impromptu interactive discussion on this topic when the original presenting authors were unexpectedly unable to present.]BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:Student engagement is crucial for learning to occur.AÂ When faced with learning new material, many students have difficulty identifying the important concepts of a lecture, especially when they cannot easily apply the abstract principles taught to real-world scenarios and/or become distracted or uninterested during the lesson.AÂ The session aims to model and provide readily applied methods for instructors across disciplines who want to engage their students to create an interactive lecture experience for their students. Time will be given for attendees to develop unique demonstrations for his/her own classes._______________________________________________________________For more information about engaging students in the classroom:AÂ https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/engaging-students-in-discussion
Investigation of oil-water flow regimes and pressure drops in mini-channels

Abstract Oil-water flow regimes were studied in 2.1 mm and 3.7 mm borosilicate glass tubes; both tubes exhibit Eotvos numbers less than one and therefore surface tension forces may be more important in these mini-channels compared to larger diameter tubes. A closed-loop, adiabatic experimental apparatus was constructed and validated using water. This study focused on tap water and two mineral oils (i.e., Parol 70 and 100) with a density of 840 kg/m3 but a factor of two difference in viscosity. Experiments included a wide range of oil superficial velocities (e.g., 0.84–6.84 m/s for D = 2.1 mm and 0.27–3.30 m/s for D = 3.7 mm) and water superficial velocities (e.g., 0.21–7.69 m/s for D = 2.1 mm and 0.07–4.96 m/s for D = 3.7 mm). Stratified, annular, intermittent, and dispersed flow regimes were observed in both tubes, although the annular flow regime was more prevalent in the smaller tube. Pressure drops increased with decreasing tube diameter and were flow regime dependent. Flow maps were created for these mini-channels and equations adapted from Brauner and Maron (1999) were used to predict the flow regime transitions. The effects of viscosity were modest, although increased oil viscosity enhanced stability of oil-water flows.
Modeling of gas breakdown and early transients of plasma evolution in cylindrical all-dielectric resonators

We report on the computational modeling of gas break down and evolution of plasma in an all-dielectric resonator structure. Two cylindrical dielectric resonators (DR) of diameter 25 mm with material relative permittivity of 172.5 separated by a 1 mm gap are observed to resonate in a strong constructive interference mode (CIM) at 1.47 GHz. The electric fields in the gap between the DRs are amplified to about 30 times the incident wave strength which leads to gas breakdown in argon at 10 Torr. The species densities in the bulk of plasma rise primarily due to the wave power addition into the plasma. As the species densities rise above 1017 m−3, the bulk plasma acts as a lossy material and the wave experiences significant damping through collisional losses. As plasma densities in the bulk rise to around 1018 m−3, the wave is damped significantly in the bulk, and a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave mode develops at the interface of plasma sheath and the DR surfaces. These surface waves are initiated due to a thin negative permittivity region of the plasma in the vicinity of the DR surface. The quasi-steady state operation of the resonator system depends on the propagation of the damped CIM in the bulk regions of the plasma, the SPP waves in the sheath region and the slower ambipolar diffusion process in plasma. Gas temperature rise in plasma is found to be small throughout the time scales considered and electrostatic fields are found to play an equally important role for large plasma densities in the sheath regions.
Defining Cell Phone Forensics and Standards

This chapter provides a definition for cell phone forensics in three simple key words. Within this chapter, these are expanded on and provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the components involved in this unique forensic field. The logical and physical examination types are also discussed, and the reader is shown visual examples of each. As the chapter continues, it explains the specific standards that need to be followed, with reference to the guidelines on mobile forensics that are provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Agencies and companies that are tasked with processing digital evidence must at times follow federal, state, and internal policies. There should also be minimum standards that these are built on. Building a standard operating procedure, an internal policy, or a guide should always include aspects from a number of sources such as NIST, any applicable set standard, and a review from any legal representative.
Variability in Gastrostomy Tube Placement for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients at US Hospitals.

Objective We sought to characterize the variability among US hospitals with regard to gastrostomy tube placement for inpatients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we examined variations in the annual rate of gastrostomy tube placement from 2002 to 2011 for ICH patients admitted to hospitals with 30 or more annual ICH admissions. We then directly compared, among these hospitals, their individual frequencies of gastrostomy tube placement for ICH patients over the same time period. To quantify variability among hospitals, we used multilevel multivariable regression models accounting for a hospital random effect, adjusted for patient-level and hospital-level factors predictors of placement. Results Gastrostomy tube placement rates did not significantly change from 2002 to 2011 (9.8 to 8.7 per 100 admissions; P trend = .57). Among 690 hospitals with 38,080 ICH hospitalizations during this period, 10.4% of patients had a gastrostomy tube placed (n = 3976). Variation in the rate of placement among individual hospitals was large, from 0% to 34.4% (interquartile range 5.7%-13.6%). For a regression model controlling for patient and hospital covariates, the median odds ratio was 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.28-1.44), indicating that if a patient moved from one hospital to another with a higher intrinsic propensity of placement, there was a 1.36-fold median increase in the odds of receiving a gastrostomy tube, independent of patient and hospital factors. Conclusions Variation in gastrostomy tube placement rates across hospitals is large and may in part reflect differences in local practice patterns or patient and surrogate preferences.
“Why Haven’t I Tried Twitter Until Now?”: Using Twitter in Teacher Education

As teacher educators, we have used Twitter with the goal of jumpstarting the professional learning networks and teacher identity development of students in our courses and programs. Our use of Twitter has evolved over time and can inform the work of other teacher educators. In this article, we offer examples of the benefits of incorporating Twitter in teacher education. We describe some of the common challenges we have experienced at our two institutions and across multiple semesters of use. Based on our collective experiences, we offer recommendations to others who are using or are considering using Twitter with preservice teachers.
Haploidy, Diploidy, and Polyploidy

Haploidy is a general term for designating individuals or tissues (in mosaics) that have somatic cells with a gametic chromosome number (n).
Award-Winning Faculty Online Teaching Practices: Roles and Competencies

Given the explosive growth of online learning in institutions of higher education, we are in dire need of guidelines for instructing new and continuing online instructors on how best to teach in online spaces. The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of the online instructor and categorize critical competencies for online teaching based on a review of research, and the perspectives of award-winning online faculty. We interviewed eight award-winning online faculty members from across the United States. Based on interviews, it was found that online instructors were assuming five different roles: Facilitator, Course Designer, Course Delivery, Subject Matter Expert, and Mentor. Participants’ common tasks when designing and teaching an online course fell in two areas, either Course Design or Teaching. This research has clear implications not only for the literature research base, but for our institutions as well as we continue to offer increasing numbers of effective online courses and programs to our students.
Trends in complementary and alternative medicine use among newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients.

92Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The benefits and risks of the majority of CAM is inconclusive, and thus understanding ...