cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Protein Adsorption and Cellular Uptake of Silica Nanoparticles Based on Size and Porosity

Slight alterations in nanoparticles’ surface properties can significantly influence the corona composition which may alter their interaction with the biological milieu. Size and porosity of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are known to be predominant factors influencing their dose-dependent toxicity. Little is known however about the extent and type of protein adsorption on SNPs as a function of physicochemical properties and the role this might play on mechanisms of cellular uptake and toxicity. In this work we investigated the influence of size and porosity of SNPs on protein adsorption, cellular uptake, and toxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Toxicity of the SNPs was found to be concentration dependent, and the formation of the protein corona mitigated toxicity for all particles. Detailed analysis of the amount of proteins recovered from each nanoparticle revealed similarities in the protein adsorption profile as a function of size and porosity. The mechanism of uptake was highly dependent on size rather tha...
Prolegomena to a Paradigm: Narratives of Surrender

This article seeks to develop a paradigm for understanding the sociological meaning of narratives of surrender. Surrenders are boundary events in time and in space. Coming at the end of conflicts, surrenders are transitional and transformative occasions during which the emotional and symbolic landscapes of power are traced and highlighted. They mark the site of trauma and, depending on the manner in which they are accomplished, can alternately emphasize the degradation of the vanquished or the magnanimity of the victor. Surrenders are analyzed as simultaneously historical events, symbolic events, and political events.
Bilingual Aphasia: An Intervention Roadmap and the Dynamic Interplay Between Lexical Access and Language Control

This article discusses key issues that relate to bilingual aphasia and intervention techniques. The primary topics include: (a) an intervention roadmap that outlines diagnostic procedures and the i...
Working With and For Animals—A Response to Nussbaum

Professor Nussbaum's argument for why and how the capabilities approach is a useful corrective to the “so like us” (SLU) approach to establishing legal protection for animals advances theoretical t...
Probabilistic security-constrained unit commitment with generation and transmission contingencies

System operators maintain sufficient reserve in power systems in order to respond to generation and transmission contingencies. Traditionally, the reserve requirements have been determined using deterministic criteria (e.g., N-1). These amounts of reserve allocate sufficient spare generation capacity and transmission margins to protect the system against any contingency of magnitude lower or equal to the chosen criterion. However, these criteria ignore the probability of individual contingencies as well as energy re-distribution and transmission limitations in post-contingency states. In this work, we propose to optimize the amount, location, and chronological procurement of the reserve in a given power system using probabilistic criteria. The proposed approach factors the probability of individual contingencies in a cost/benefit analysis, which balances the pre-contingency operating costs against the post-contingency cost of interruptions. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a modified IEEE Reliability Test System.
Promising γ-Chain Cytokines for Cancer Immunotherapy

The molecular identification of a plethora of T-cell tumor antigens that can serve as targets for many human cancers, and the clinical development of techniques to administer tumor vaccines represent important advances toward the development of T-cell-specific immunotherapy for cancer. Despite this progress, current clinical results demonstrate that tumor vaccines, as single agents, are generally not potent enough to induce regression of existing tumors or long lasting enough to provide durable adjuvant benefit. Similarly, the full effectiveness of adoptive cellular therapies for cancer immunotherapy has not yet been realized because of difficulties in sustaining T-cells in vivo following adoptive transfer. Thus, the present challenge for the field of tumor immunology is to develop clinically applicable approaches for amplifying the T-cell-specific immunity induced by tumor vaccines and for augmenting survival of cells delivered in the context of adoptive therapies. The family of cytokines that signals through the common cytokine γ-chain (γc) demonstrates potent effects on T-cell development, expansion, and viability. Interleukin (IL)-2, a prototypic member of this family, has already demonstrated antitumor effects in some settings. However, recent studies have demonstrated that other members of the γc cytokine family possess characteristics that render them more favorable than IL-2 for amplifying T-cell-specific immunity toward tumors. IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 have all shown promise in preclinical models of tumor immunotherapy. IL-7 is notable for its capacity to serve as an immunorestorative agent, as well as its ability to augment both CD4 and CD8 immune responses, with a particular capacity to amplify lowaffinity, subdominant immune responses that are characteristically induced by tumor antigens. IL-15 provides potent survival and differentiation signals to both CD8 memory cells and natural-killer cells, features that are likely to be translatable in the context of both tumor vaccines and adoptive immunotherapy. IL-21 is less well studied than IL-7 or IL-15, but appears able to amplify responses to other cytokines, especially IL-15, thus further augmenting effector and memory cell expansion. Thus, a large amount of preclinical data suggest that integration of one or several new γc cytokines into immunotherapy regimens for cancer will play an important role in moving this field closer to clinical efficacy.
Adaptive User Interfaces through Dynamic Design Automation

The inherent difficulty in supporting human usability in large control systems—such as building environmental and security systems—derives from the large diversity of components and users within each domain. Each system is different, with different types and organizations of devices; each user is different, and takes different roles; each task a user performs varies with the situation. As a result, applying traditional methods of interface design to these systems is insufficient. Designers end up handcrafting each diagram required by each type of user, the effort needed to add new functionality quickly bloats, and users end up juggling multiple disparate applications. We have begun to deploy a tool called DIG (Dynamic Interaction Generation) that addresses this difficulty. DIG uses models of domain, task, and presentation knowledge to automatically design and present interfaces specialized to a user’s current role and task, the current situation, and the capabilities of the current display hardware. In this demonstration, DIG will convert a real-life building management configuration into a dynamic interface that building managers can operate using either a standard PC or a Palm Pilot.
Quasi-interpolation and approximation via nonseparable scaling function

Quasi-interpolation has been studied in many papers, e. g., [5]. Here we introduce nonseparable scaling function quasi-interpolation and show that its approximation can provide similar convergence properties as scalar wavelet system. Several equivalent statements of accuracy of nonseparable scaling function are also given. In the numerical experiments, it appears that nonseparable scaling function interpolation has better convergence results than scalar wavelet systems in some cases.
The effects of four insecticides on the population dynamics of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, has been managed for the past 30 yrs using the soil insecticide carbofuran. The recent cancellation of the registration for carbofuran in rice has necessitated a shift to management strategies involving other insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin, fipronil, and diflubenzuron. Efficacies and effects on population dynamics of three alternatives to carbofuran (lambda-cyhalothrin and diflubenzuron as foliar sprays and fipronil as a seed treatment) were compared in two water-seeded and one drill-seeded field trials. Applications of lambda-cyhalothrin, but not of diflubenzuron or fipronil, resulted in decreases in the densities of rice water weevil adults and eggs. All three insecticides suppressed larval densities to levels comparable to, or lower than, densities in plots treated with carbofuran. All three alternatives to carbofuran differed from carbofuran with respect to their effects on the population dynamics of weevil larvae. Lambda-cyhalothri...
A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Waste

Jaegwon Kim's Mind in a Physical World is an argument about mental causation that provides both a metaphysical theory and a lucid commentary on contemporary philosophical views. While I strongly recommend Kim's book to anyone interested in the subject, my endorsement is not unconditional, because I cannot make the same recomendation of the subject itself. Considering arguments of Davidson, Putnam, Burge, Block, and Kim himself, I conclude that the subject turns on a variety of implausible but received arguments, and that a useful study of mental causation cannot be divorced from scientific details of cognitive psychology, physics, and neuroscience.
Evaluation of Implementation, Adaptation and Use of the Recently Proposed Urea Cycle Disorders Guidelines

Background: Implementation of guidelines and assessment of their adaptation is not an extensively investigated process in the field of rare diseases. However, whether targeted recipients are reached and willing and able to follow the recommendations has significant impact on the efficacy of guidelines. In 2012, a guideline for the management of urea cycle disorders (UCDs) has been published. We evaluate the efficacy of implementation, adaptation, and use of the UCD guidelines by applying different strategies.
Chemical Equilibrium Relations and the pH System

Chemists developed sufficiently sensitive methods of analysis in the 19th century to discover that many reactions “stop” somewhere short of completion. Berthelot and St. Gilles in 1862 showed that esterification reaches such a limit: $$ethanol + \,acetic{\text{ }}acid\, \rightleftharpoons \,{\text{ethyl acetate}}\,{\text{ + }}\,{\text{water}}$$
Zoogeographical Subdivisions of the World

But what is biogeographical region? There are different definitions, one of which is written by Wallace (1894): “…those primary divisions of the earth’s surface of approximately continental extent, which are characterized by distinct assemblages of animal types.” Review and analysis of many zoogeographical schemes for easier checking how the orders of Arachnida fit into them.
On the growth of the number of primitive totally geodesic surfaces in some hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Abstract Let d be a positive square-free integer ≡ 3 ( mod 4 ) such that the ideal class group of Q [ − d ] does not contain an element of order 4. We prove an asymptotic formula for the number of primitive immersed totally geodesic surfaces in Γ − d \ H 3 having area less than X.
School Administrators’ Attitudes Toward the School Breakfast Program

The School Breakfast Program (SBP) can strengthen household food security, yet participation remains low. Stakeholder perspectives may influence SBP participation; thus, the purpose of this study w...
Epstein-Barr virus-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis on long-term mycophenolate mofetil.

Abstract Background Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (ePCNSL) is increasingly recognized in immunocompromised subjects, including patients receiving systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we report the first case of primary CNS lymphoma associated with EBV in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) receiving long-term mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Case report A 51-year-old female with dcSSc had been on MMF 2 grams daily, which was initiated for a rapidly rising modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), severe pruritus, and progressive joint contractures. She had an impressive response to this therapy with a significant decrease in her mRSS. Her condition remained stable for the next five years, after which she developed worsening headaches for 2–3 weeks, associated with dizziness, gait instability, and left homonymous hemianopia. MRI scan of the brain revealed a solitary 2.4 cm peripherally enhancing right parietal lobe mass. Excised tissue from the right parietal lobe mass showed EBV-associated diffuse large B cell lymphoma. She received four cycles of chemotherapy (high dose methotrexate and rituximab). Currently, her condition is being monitored. Her left homonymous hemianopia persists. Conclusion Because of a favorable toxicity profile, MMF is increasingly being used as long-term immunomodulatory therapy for a wide variety of autoimmune disorders. Nevertheless, patients on long-term MMF should still undergo regular CNS surveillance, not only for opportunistic infections but also for opportunistic malignancies such as PCNSL. Progressive focal or non-focal neurological deficits should always raise the alarm. Prompt evaluation and management can prevent irreversible neurological sequelae.
Variation in Hospital Utilization of Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy for Localized Pancreatic Neoplasms

Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) for localized neoplasms has been demonstrated to be feasible and safe. However, national adoption of the technique is poorly understood. Objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with use of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for localized neoplasms and assess hospital variation in MIDP utilization. Retrospective cohort study of patients with pancreatic cysts, stage I pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and stage I pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors undergoing distal pancreatectomy from the ACS NSQIP Pancreas Targeted Dataset. Factors associated with use of MIDP were identified using multivariable logistic regression and hospital-level variation was assessed. Analysis included 3,059 patients at 139 hospitals. Overall, 64.5% of patients underwent minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy. Patients were more likely to undergo MIDP if they had lower ASA classification (P = 0.004) or BMI ≥ 30 (P < 0.001) and less likely if they had pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). There was notable hospital variability in utilization (range 0 to 100% of cases). Hospital-level utilization of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy did not appear to be driven by patient selection, as hierarchical analysis demonstrated that only 1.8% of observed hospital variation was attributable to measured patient selection factors. Utilization of MIDP for localized pancreatic neoplasms is highly variable. While some patient-level factors are associated with MIDP use, hospital adoption of MIDP appears to be the primary driver of utilization. Monitoring hospital-level use of MIDP may be a useful quality measure to monitor uptake of emerging techniques in pancreatic surgery.
Using Flux and Current for Robust Wide-Speed Operation of IPMSMs

Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) provides accurate and robust torque control, is well suited for dynamic loss optimization, and can utilize the full inverter volt-second hexagon. However, when operating at the voltage and current limits, the DB-DTFC control law becomes more complex and parameter sensitive since it relies on accurate flux trajectories that minimize losses while respecting voltage and current limits. This paper proposes techniques to operate at the voltage limits even if it is infeasible to achieve the torque command in one switching period. When the torque command is infeasible due to the voltage limits the proposed techniques allow DB-DTFC to transiently go into overmodulation to deliver a fast torque response. Furthermore, it is very crucial for direct torque controlled drives to guarantee that the torque command does not exceed the current limits. This paper proposes a robust method to integrate current limits into the DB-DTFC control law. If the torque command requires more than rated current, then the torque is automatically saturated to the maximum feasible torque. This technique does not only enable the drive to operate at the current limit, but also allows for operation in the deep field-weakening region. The paper evaluates the proposed methods in a quasi-steady-state operation by comparing current loci over a wide speed range with inaccurate parameters. Moreover, the paper evaluates speed and torque transients at current and voltage limits using step responses below and above the base speed.
Trumpism on College Campuses

In this paper, we report data from interviews with members of conservative political clubs at four flagship public universities. First, we categorize these students into three analytically distinct orientations regarding Donald Trump and his presidency (or what we call Trumpism). There are principled rejecters, true believers, and satisficed partisans. We argue that Trumpism is a disunifying symbol in our respondents’ self-narratives. Specifically, right-leaning collegians use Trumpism to draw distinctions over the appropriate meaning of conservatism. Second, we show how political clubs sort and shape orientations to Trumpism. As such, our work reveals how student-led groups can play a significant role in making different political discourses available on campuses and shaping the types of activism pursued by club members—both of which have potentially serious implications for the content and character of American democracy moving forward.
Low-Dimensional Dynamical Systems

In this chapter, low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems are discussed. The stability and bifurcations of the 1-dimensional systems are presented. The higher order singularity and stability for 1-dimensional nonlinear systems are developed.
Objective Measurement of Physician Stress in the Emergency Department Using a Wearable Sensor

Physician stress, and resultant consequences such as burnout, have become increasingly recognized pervasive problems, particularly within the specialty of Emergency Medicine. Stress is difficult to measure objectively, and research predominantly relies on self-reported measures. The present study aims to characterize digital biomarkers of stress as detected by a wearable sensor among Emergency Medicine physicians. Physiologic data were continuously collected using a wearable sensor during clinical work in the emergency department, and participants were asked to self-identify episodes of stress. Machine learning algorithms were used to classify self-reported episodes of stress. Comparing baseline sensor data to data in the 20-minute period preceding self-reported stress episodes demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy for stress. With further study, detection of stress via wearable sensors could be used to facilitate evidence-based stress research and just-in-time interventions for emergency physicians and other high-stress professionals.
Physiology Understanding Week in a public middle school in Southern Indiana: exercise and health

The Physiology Understanding (PhUn) Week is a national outreach event sponsored by the American Physiological Society. Our PhUn team conducted an event for 551 students (12.5 ± 0.9 yr old) in a middle school in Indiana. The aims of this program were to: 1) teach about the negative consequences of inactivity on cardiovascular (CV) health and overall well-being; 2) help students to determine their own CV fitness level and design their fitness plan; and 3) test the hypothesis that students who are offered daily physical education (PE) classes are able to meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. The University of Louisville PhUn team visited the school during school hours to execute the outreach program to students enrolled in Health and PE as their course elective. During the event, students were educated about CV physiology and the effects of exercise on CV fitness and metabolism. Additionally, students were asked to completed a questionnaire about their physical activity behaviors outside the school. Students were also educated about ways to increase energy expenditure by 150 METy (units of metabolism for youth) per day during 7 days. CV fitness levels were estimated by using the PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) test, and students were asked to create a plan to increase energy expenditure daily. The results showed that 53% of the students did not perform enough physical activity outside school to meet the guidelines. In conclusion, the incorporation of PE in schools is critical to cultivate healthy lifestyles and decrease the sedentarism epidemic in the U.S.
Evaluating the bis-isoxazole core for energetic heterocyclic-based oligomers

Development of energetic polymers is at the forefront of the energetics research enterprise. Formulations having high energy density as well as robust safety are goals that can be realized with implementation of new energetic polymers that target performance and mechanical properties. Presented herein are a series of oligomers synthesized from the small molecule BIDO (1) as our group's first attempt at making heterocyclic based energetic polymers without sensitive explosophores. Crystallographic investigation of the BIDO core with surrogate addends demonstrated the significant stacking ability of the BIDO core. Synthesis of four unique oligomers (3–6) is presented and characterized by spectroscopic and thermochemical measurements. Polymerization of 6 was demonstrated and tested for Tg and thermal sensitivity, and Shore A hardness. The polymer 7 exhibits a Tg value (−18 °C), close to the operating range of other energetic materials, a Shore A hardness of 81, and thermally stable up to 320 °C.
Rates of prescription orders for United States active duty service members diagnosed with alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol-use disorders (AUD) pose a significant challenge for the United States (US) military. The US Department of Defense has strongly recommended several medications for use in the treatment of p...
David Oliver: Lack of PPE betrays NHS clinical staff.

The failure to provide adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) to health and social care workers during the pandemic has highlighted the disintegration of any culture of integrity, transparency, honesty, and support for healthcare staff from the government and NHS employers. I have reported in The BMJ this week on NHS trusts’ behaviour around supply of PPE to their clinical staff and the trusts’ responses when staff complained.1 Of 66 NHS trusts (of 130 approached) that replied to my freedom of information request, only two confirmed that they had explicitly restricted PPE use, warned staff about its overuse, or warned them over complaining about shortages. Only one NHS trust admitted being subject to investigation from the Health and Safety Executive for covid related deaths among staff, even though the HSE confirmed a number of investigations. In response, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) pointed me to sections of a National Audit Office report on PPE supply suggesting that supply lines had always been adequate and that no staff members had been put at risk.2 NHS England told …
FALL AVAILABLE TROPICAL MILKWEED (ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA L.) MAY BE A POPULATION SINK FOR THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY

Native plants provide the best habitat for pollinators, but non-native plants can supply resources to native pollinators. The non-native tropical milkweed (bloodflower or scarlet milkweed), Asclepias curassavica L., is a larval food source for the native monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Asclepias curassavica has been widely planted in the southern U.S. where it blooms until late fall, retains healthy vegetation until frost, and does not die back until a hard freeze. In contrast, native Asclepias species senesce and are usually not suitable for monarch larvae consumption in the fall. The late availability of the non-native milkweed may trigger monarchs, normally migrating to Mexico, to break reproductive diapause and lay eggs on their host plant. To determine if non-native A. curassavica was more likely than native Asclepias species to attract egg-laying monarchs, we grew native Asclepias viridis Walter and Asclepias speciosa Torr. along with A. curassavica in Oklahoma and recorded the number of monarch eggs and caterpillars on each plant. From August 2019 until the first freeze, we observed 145 eggs and 39 caterpillars on 40 of 48 A. curassavica plants and one egg on one of 19 native Asclepias plants. First freeze occurred on 12 October. A majority of eggs were laid after 12 September resulting in most eggs having insufficient time to mature. This freeze date was nearly 3 weeks earlier than the average for this area. Our evidence suggests that the monarchs are differentially reacting to the availability of non-native and native Asclepias during late summer and fall.
A Grading Procedure for the Physical Education Activity Program

(1947). A Grading Procedure for the Physical Education Activity Program. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 716-743.
Role of shielding cuts in high-energy diffraction scattering

Regularities of high-energy diffraction scattering emerging from the experimental investigation of pp, πp and Kp scatterings are discussed in the context of a model with a shielded pomeron. In this model, exchange degeneracy of secondary trajectories is valid over a wide energy range and the leading singularities in thej-plane are factorizable. The pomeron singularity is essentially aSU3 singlet.SU3 breaking at medium-high energies is attributed to a nearby singularity, namely the shielding cut. An important consequence of the present model is the prediction that the structure observed in the pp angular distribution at low |t| values should be absent in the diffraction peak in K+p scattering. Finally, on the basis of the singularity structure in the model, it is argued that the energy dependence of the diffraction slopes is consistent with the observed behaviour of the respective total cross-sections.
ViCA: a voronoi interface for visualizing collaborative annotations

Large-scale scientific investigation often includes collaborative data exploration among geographically distributed researchers. The tools used for this exploration typically include some communicative component, and this component often forms the basis for insight and idea sharing among collaborators. Minimizing the tool interaction required to locate "interesting" communications is therefore of paramount importance. We present the design of a novel visualization interface for representing the communications among multiple collaborating authors, and detail the benefits of our approach versus traditional methods. Our visualization integrates directly with the existing data exploration interface. We present our system in the context of an international research effort conducting collaborative analysis of accelerator simulations.
MPI and High Productivity Programming

MPI has often been called the “assembly language” of parallel programming. In fact, MPI has succeeded because, like other successful but low-level programming models, it provides support for both performance programming and for “programming in the large” – building support tools, such as software libraries, for large-scale applications. Nevertheless, MPI programming can be challenging, particularly if approached as a replacement for shared-memory style load/store programming. By looking at some representative programming tasks, this talk looks at ways to improve the productivity of parallel programmers by identifying the key communities and their needs, the strengths and weaknesses of the MPI programming model and the implementations of MPI, and opportunities for improving productivity both through the use of tools that leverage MPI and through extensions of MPI.
Cell Trafficking Evolutionary Model for Metastatic Breast Cancer

We will describe a cell trafficking network model for metastatic breast cancer based on evolutionary dynamics in game theory. Trafficking of individual cells via the circulation between 31 anatomical sites are based on probabilities obtained from the Markov transition matrix developed from the longitudinal data set compiled by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The data contains 449 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients between 1975 and 2009 that all eventually developed metastatic disease. Cell population dynamics within each anatomical site are dictated by the replicator equation. Competition among types of cells (healthy, preoncogenic, oncogenic) is determined by a payoff matrix with prescribed cell fitness entries, as well their relative proportions via the replicator equation. Individual cells within each anatomical site can mutate into a cancerous (preoncogenic or oncogenic) cell type, give birth to new daughter cells, undergo apoptosis, intravasate into the circulation state, or extravasate into a secondary anatomical site. We will describe a set of Monte Carlo computational simulations focusing on sites previously identified as spreaders or sponges by the Newton-Mason model. We will describe the model in some detail, then show how it can be used to test various hypothetical therapeutic strategies associated with metastatic breast cancer.
Comparison of a T Cell Clone and of T Cells from a TCR Transgenic Mouse: TCR Transgenic T Cells Specific for Self-Antigen Are Atypical

It has been widely assumed that T cells from TCR-transgenic (Tg) mice better represent the behavior of T cells from normal mice than do in vitro cultures of T cell clones. We have found that autoreactive T cells arising in the presumably more physiological environment of the BDC-2.5 TCR-Tg mouse, despite being apparently "naive" in surface phenotype, are highly activated functionally and do not resemble CD4(+) T cells from a spontaneously diabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse or the NOD-derived, diabetogenic CD4(+) T cell clone of origin, BDC-2.5. Our results suggest that autoreactive T cells cloned from the spontaneously diabetic NOD mouse more closely resemble effector T cells arising during the natural disease process.
Inflow-vascular space occupancy (iVASO) reproducibility in the hippocampus and cortex at different blood water nulling times.

Purpose Inflow-vascular space occupancy (iVASO) measures arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV) using accurate blood water nulling (inversion time [TI]) when arterial blood reaches the capillary, i.e., at the arterial arrival time. This work assessed the reproducibility of iVASO measurements in the hippocampus and cortex at multiple TIs. Methods The iVASO approach was implemented at multiple TIs in 10 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. aCBV values were measured at each TI in the left and right hippocampus, and the cortex. Reproducibility of aCBV measurements within scans (same day) and across sessions (different days) was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Overall hippocampal aCBV was significantly higher than cortical aCBV, likely due to higher gray matter volume. Hippocampal ICC values were high at short TIs (≤914 ms; intrascan values = 0.80–0.96, interscan values = 0.61–0.91). Cortically, high ICC values were observed at intermediate TIs of 914 (intra: 0.93, inter: 0.87) and 1034 ms (intra: 0.96, inter: 0.86). The ICC values were comparable to established contrast-based CBV measures. Conclusion iVASO measurements are reproducible within and across sessions. TIs for iVASO measurements should be chosen carefully, taking into account heterogeneous arterial arrival times in different brain regions. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
9. Experimental Methods in Rock Magnetism and Paleomagnetism

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces to the experimental methods of rock magnetism and paleomagnetism. Rock magnetism and paleomagnetism have generated a wealth of experimental techniques. It was the development in electronics during that conflict which marked the first stage of the major advance. The advent of the new magnetometers and computers is permitting techniques of measurement and data analysis that promise to rid some of the most subjective data selection, which has plagued the subject of paleomagnetism for so long. Nevertheless, various components of magnetization in a sample are still not able to interpret in terms of a particular event in the history of the rock responsible for the magnetization. With the developments of new techniques of analysis this may one day be possible. Rock magnetism is faced with the development of techniques for measuring individual particles. Such measurements are in the range of sensitivity of the SQUIDS, but systematic studies remain to be done.
Brood size of the stygobiotic asellid isopod Caecidotea bicrenata bicrenata from Franklin County, Tennessee, USA

Caecidotea bicrenata bicrenata is a stygobiotic asellid isopod that ranges from northern Alabama through central Tennessee 1 . To determine brood size in this species we made four collections of C. b. bicrenata from Buckets of Blood Cave in Franklin County, Tennessee over an eight-month period. Ovigerous females were present in three of the four collections. For each female carrying eggs or embryos we measured body length and brood number. A shallow stream that is approximately 0.5 m wide runs through Buckets of Blood Cave, although it is not accessible in all parts of the cave due to overlying rock. C. b. bicrenata is present throughout the stream. We did not quantify C. b. bicrenata density, but roughly estimated it to be 100/m 2 . No other macroscopic animals are common in the stream. On each visit we collected an average of 60 individuals by picking up rocks from the stream bed and then removing animals from the rocks by hand or with forceps. We transported live animals to the lab before preserving them in 70% ethanol. Ovigerous females were identified under the microscope. We removed and counted eggs, embryos or immatures from ovigerous females and measured female body length, from the front of the head to the end of the pleotelson.
Triglyceride secretion rates: use of Triton WR 1339 in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract : The effects of Triton WR 1339 on plasma lipids were studied in fasted and glucose-loaded rhesus monkeys. This compound produced a marked linear increase in plasma triglycerides (TG) during the first 4 hours of a 5-hour study period. Triglyceride secretion rates were determined in fasted and in glucose-loaded monkeys. Free fatty acid values (FFA) were depressed, while cholesterol and phospholipid values were unchanged. No evidence of hepatocellular or other tissue damage was noted at necropsy. These studies suggest that Triton administration is valuable in assessing rates of basal hepatic TG secretion in the rhesus monkey. (Modified author abstract)
Cell mediated immunity in humans during viral infection: dermal hypersensitivity and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation during mild viral respiratory infections

In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and streptokinase-streptodornase and delayed dermal hypersensitivity to several antigens were assessed in patients with mild viral upper respiratory infections. The response to phytohemagglutinin in 18 patients was not diminished during the viral infection. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis induced by streptokinase-streptodornase remained unaffected by the viral illness in five patients, and skin test reactivity was not depressed during the viral infection. Thus, it appeared that localized viral upper respiratory infections were not associated with suppression of systemic cell-mediated immunity.
Academic Credit and College Physical Education

(1961). Academic Credit and College Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 35-37.
Kaon azimuthal distributions in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract Kaon azimuthal distributions in Au+Au collisions at 1.0 GeV/nucleon are analysed using the relativistic transport model that includes explicitly the kaon degree of freedom. We find that the kaon azimuthal distributions in the target (and projectile) rapidity region are sensitive to the input kaon potential in the transport model and thus provide useful information on kaon properties in dense matter. Near mid-rapidity, the potential effects on kaon azimuthal distributions are, however, marginal.
The consequences of systematic error in enzyme kinetics.

Abstract The consequences of systematic error in enzyme kinetics was considered by introducing a first order error term into the Michaelis-Menten-Briggs-Haldane equation. The situations investigated were those involving over- or undercorrection of an enzyme or substrate blank reaction in the absence and presence of product inhibition and in the presence of a totally competitive, non-competitive or uncompetitive inhibitor. In addition, consideration was given to errors arising from a departure from the Beer-Lambert relationship and those proportional to the velocity or substrate concentration. Finally, attention has been called to the questionable validity of using weighting procedures to correct for random error in the presence of systematic error.
Control of chemical mass shifts in the quadrupole ion trap through selection of resonance ejection working point and rf scan direction

Compound-dependent chemical mass shifts are observed and their origin is elucidated in a modified Finnigan GCQ quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The dependence of chemical mass shifts on ion trap geometry, specifically the center to end-cap spacing, z0, and the size of the apertures in the end caps, is demonstrated. The effects of the working point (qeject value) used for resonance ejection and the direction of the rf mass analysis scan are also studied, and the results are found to be in agreement with a previously proposed model for the chemical mass shift mechanism. It is shown that chemical mass shifts are present when resonance ejection is used, unless the qeject is chosen to correspond to a nonlinear resonance point, where the shifts are removed. The shifts are also removed by performing the mass analysis scan in the reverse direction, i.e., from high mass to low mass.
Visual information gain and the regulation of constant force levels

Visual information is essential in human motor control, and especially in the continuous modulation of isometric force. The gain of visual feedback, that is, the amount of space used to represent change in force, has been shown to affect both the magnitude and time-dependent properties of variability in the force output. However, little is known regarding the interacting effects of visual gain and target force level on force variability and whether the effects of force level can be mediated by a gain that is adjusted to force level. We examined the effect of different types and levels of visual feedback gain and target force level (1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 N) on the magnitude (standard deviation, SD) and regularity (approximate entropy, ApEn) of isometric force variability. Young adults performed an isometric force task with high and low levels of constant (same gain level for all forces) and scaled (proportional to force level) gain. The magnitude of force variability increased exponentially as a function of force level once the SD was corrected for the limits of the display area. The time-dependent properties of force variability remained constant across force levels when gain was adjusted to force level. These findings suggest that the time-dependent properties of force variability are the result an interaction between visual feedback and task force level demands, while the increases in SD over force levels are primarily due to the invariant properties of human muscle and the motor system.
A measurement of the electrical resistivity of lattice vacancies and stacking faults in gold

Abstract The electrical resistivity at 4·2°K of lattice vacancies and stacking faults in gold has been measured using combined resistivity measurements and transmission electron microscopy on quenched and annealed gold. The data from which the present determinations were made are presented in the previous paper. A value for the vacancy resistivity of ρ1v=[1·8±0·4] × 10−6 Ω cm/ atomic % vacancies was found. The stacking-fault resistivity was determined to be ρSF=[3·0±0·8] × 10−14 Ω cm2.
A deployable mast for solar sails in the range of 100–1000 m

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new deployable mast design that may provide a means to scale up solar sails to very large dimensions. The paper describes the basic analytical approach for truss beams, compares this new design with the state-of-art truss used in NASA’s solar sail development work, and provides analyses of novel applications enabled by the mast design.
Elimination of sediment-associated benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites by polychaete worms exposed to 3-methylcholanthrene

Abstract Polychaete worms can be important vectors for the accumulation and transfer of sediment-associated organic contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Differences between species in ability to metabolize and eliminate organic compounds may contribute to differences in steady state body burdens of parent compound and metabolites. In this study, three species of polychaete worms, Leitoscoloplos fragilis, Marenzellaria viridis, and Nereis diversicolor, were exposed to trace quantities of the radiolabelled PAH, benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) in sediment, with or without 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), a compound known to induce metabolism of PAHs in other species. After exposure, worms were transferred to clean sediment and the rate of elimination of parent compound and disposition of metabolites was followed for up to 17 days. Elimination of parent compound was slowest in L. fragilis (half-life = 10.3 d), the species with the most limited ability to metabolize BaP. Elimination of parent BaP was more rapid in M. viridis (half-life = 5.1 d) and N. diversicolor (3.7 d), species which metabolize BaP extensively. Aqueous-soluble metabolites appeared to be eliminated very slowly in M. viridis. Treatment with 3MC did not to enhance the rate elimination of parent compound, suggesting that metabolism of BaP was not induced by exposure to 3MC.
Autoantibodies and monoclonal antibodies in the purification and molecular characterization of neurotransmitter receptors

The combination of immunological advances with membrane receptor research has promoted rapid progress in the molecular characterization of neurotransmitter receptor molecules. We have to date produced monoclonal antibodies to beta 1-, beta 2-, and alpha 1-adrenergic, D2-dopaminergic, and muscarinic receptors. In addition we have discovered that some allergic respiratory disease patients possess circulating autoantibodies to beta 2-adrenergic receptors. These antireceptor antibodies in conjunction with specific receptor affinity reagents have allowed us to isolate, purify, and begin to characterize alpha- and beta-adrenergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic receptors. For example, immunoprecipitation of turkey erythrocyte beta 1 receptors with monoclonal antibodies yields a single polypeptide Mr 65--70 K. In contrast, purification of beta 2-adrenergic receptors using either autoantibodies or monoclonal antibodies yields a receptor species with a subunit of Mr 55--59 K. Autoantibodies to beta 2 receptors demonstrate a 50--100% homology among beta 2 receptors from humans to rats, whereas monoclonal antibody FV-104 recognizes a determinant in the ligand binding site of all beta 1 and beta 2 receptors tested to date. These data suggest that beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors may have evolved from a common ancestor, perhaps by gene duplication.
Electrode resistance and the emersed double layer

Abstract Resistance monitoring is described as a new technique for analyzing electrochemical phenomena on metal film electrodes. We discuss its application to the study of underpotential deposition, halide adsorption and the important problem of emersed electrodes. In the latter system we show that the double layer is removed intact as the metal electrode is withdrawn from the solution.
Symmetric deformation of a circular cylindrical shell of variable wall thickness

Es werden fur die Differentialgleichung der Biegung einer zylindrischen Schale mit kreisformigem Querschnitt und veranderlicher Wandstarke Losungen in Form bekannter Funktionen angegeben.
Multi-scale Predictability of High-Impact Upper Tropospheric Ice Clouds for Air Force Platforms

The accurate prediction of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) environment is critical to the success of US Air Force operations. The weapon, reconnaissance, and communication systems may be adversely affected by upper tropospheric ice clouds, high impact optical turbulence (OT) and clear air turbulence (CAT) layers in the UTLS region. Non-homogeneous, anisotropic, shear-stratified flow computations in the UTLS require that a fine mesh be used to encompass all pertinent multiscales. This, coupled with stiff velocity and temperature gradient profiles, presents significant challenges for nesting and adaptive gridding. Our approach is based on vertical nesting and adaptive vertical gridding in nested mesoscale WRF/microscale codes. The inner nest of WRF (1 km grid in the horizontal, 150 levels in the vertical) is coupled with a sequence of embedded microscale nests, both horizontally and vertically. The fully three-dimensional, moist, compressible, non-hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a stretched, adaptive grid in the vertical. An adaptive, staggered grid mesh is used in the vertical, with a grid spacing down to a few meters in the UTLS region. For nesting, both lateral and vertical boundary conditions are treated via relaxation zones where the velocity and temperature fields are relaxed to those obtained from the WRF inner nest. Temporal discretization uses an adaptive time-split integration scheme and the Thompson microphysics parameterization scheme. This methodology is applied to the analysis of field data from recent campaigns of measurements. Our real case simulations are based on real initial and boundary conditions from high resolution T799 L91 ECMWF analysis data.
Algorithms for finding directed graph isomorphisms by finite automata

The determination of the isomorphisms between two directed graphs based on those between the corresponding one-input Moore machines plus an additional condition to be checked is developed. Without this condition, the Moore machine isomorphism problem is not equivalent to the graph isomorphism problem. Two algorithms are devised for solving the graph isomorphism problem based on the above method. These algorithms are implemented aspl/1 programs, executed on an IBM System 370/158, experimentally analyzed by a random graph generating program and abal assembly language time routine, and illustrated by examples. The experimental data for the class of isomorphicn/2 regular graphs are fitted by quadratic equations of the input size. In addition the worst-case complexities of both algorithms are found.