cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Why Does a Nikkei Want to Talk to Other Nikkeis?’ Japanese Brazilians and Their Identities in São Paulo1

This article explores the complexities of Tapanese Brazilian identity in contemporary Sao Paulo, home to the largest concentration of Japanese descendants outside Japan. In the city of Sao Paulo, Japanese Brazilians are racially placed as whites and also identify themselves as such, based on their collective socio-economic position as members of the urban middle class. Yet their claims to participate in whiteness are widely undermined by racial/ethnic references or markers such as 'slanted eyes'. Such social markers serve to keep them separate from general white Brazilian society. Based on extensive life-history interviews and archival research in Sao Paulo, this article analyzes the meanings of the phrase 'slanted eyes' for Japanese Brazilian identities. After briefly examining Japanese Brazilian history in Sao Paulo, this article discusses the significant effects that their large-scale 'return' labor migrations to Japan (called dehassegui) have had on Japanese Brazilians' self perceptions since the mid 1980s. It also discusses Japanese Brazilians' prevalent practice of 'whitening', and elite college students and young professionals' collective 'affirmation' of Nikkei (Japanese descendant) identity. The article concludes by drawing important parallels between Japanese Brazilians and Afro-Brazilians with regard to collective identity formation in relation to race, ethnicity and class in the city of Sao Paulo. Ultimately, this article extends debates on whiteness beyond what is largely an Anglo-American literature and demonstrates how 'minority ethnic' groups such as the Japanese can adopt and adapt notions of whiteness in the case of Sao Paulo.
An approach to antacid evaluation.

An apparatus and a procedure were set up for the evaluation of antacids. This evaluation was carried out simulating conditions as they may be found in a stomach in the hyperchlorhydric state. Data and figures presented show speed of action, maximum pH reached, and duration of action for several compounds having antacid properties and for several proprietary antacid products. In most instances reproducibility of results was excellent with only two determinations. It is suggested that this method may well serve as standard procedure for the evaluation of antacids.
OVERCOMING LEARNED HELPLESSNESS IN ELDERLY CLIENTS: SKILLS TRAINING FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS

Abstract The concept of learned helplessness has been used to explain many of the depression‐like symptoms found in elderly clients. Persons experiencing learned helplessness perceive events to be beyond their personal control, and learn that it is useless to respond. This syndrome adversely affects cognitive functioning, affect, motivation, and self‐esteem, and these persons present particularly difficult problems for the helping professional. This article relates the theory of learned helplessness to the losses of aging, and describes a brief experiential training program for service providers. The training teaches interpersonal skills useful in working with the depressed elderly. By allowing older persons to have impact within the counseling interaction itself, the process of restoring perceived control and reducing helplessness is initiated.
Development of Optical Microscopy with a 121.6 nm Source

A new microscope with a Hydrogen Lyman-α source at 121.6 nm is presented with respect to its initial development. Advances in the optical and mechanical design, tolerancing, and practical solutions are presented.
The influence of spasm on small arterial anastomoses.

Abstract The role that arterial spasm plays in the surgery of arteries 2 to 3 mm. in outside diameter has been studied. A left lumbar sympathectomy was performed in 20 dogs. The distal femoral arteries were transected and then anastomosed, the nonsympathectomized limb serving as the control. The brachial arteries were exposed, and the left brachial artery wrapped in a sponge saturated with 3% papaverine hydrochloride. The arteries were transected 10 minutes later, and anastomosed. Again the untreated limb served as a control. All 80 anastomoses were inspected and excised 2 to 8 weeks later. No significant difference was found between the treated and untreated limbs. It was significant, however, that 20% of the first 30 anastomoses failed, whereas only 4% of the last 50 anastomoses failed. It is concluded that arterial spasm does not materially affect the success rate of small arterial anastomoses. The most important factors leading to successful small arterial anastomoses are technical skill and experience.
Origin of the Anterior Forebrain Pathway

The brain nuclei and pathways comprising the song system of oscine songbirds bear many similarities with circuits in other bird species and in mammals. This suggests that the song system evolved as a specialization of pre-existing circuits and may retain fundamental properties in common with those of other taxa. Here we review evidence for these similarities, including electrophysiological, morphological, and neurochemical data for identifying specific cell types. In addition, we discuss connectional data, addressing similarities in axonal projections among nuclei across taxa. We focus primarily on the anterior forebrain pathway, a circuit essential for song learning and vocal plasticity, because the evidence is strongest that this circuit is homologous to mammalian circuits. These fundamental similarities highlight the importance of comparative approaches; for example, understanding the role the anterior forebrain pathway plays in song plasticity may shed light on general principles of basal ganglia function. In addition, understanding specializations of such circuits in songbirds may illuminate specific innovations critical for vocal learning.
How much of a good thing is too much? Explaining the failure of a well‐designed, well‐executed intervention in Juvenile Hall for “hard‐to‐place” delinquents

This report focuses on lessons concerning the design of interventions and the interpretation of outcome and cost-benefit analyses. An intervention can fail due to the implementation of an intervention component in the context of standard treatments, and the interpretation of costs and benefits can change substantially if one considers the alternative long-term outcomes in the absence of the intervention.
Effect of temperature on differential persistence and insect transmission ofErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica andErwinia carotovora var.carotovora

Adult fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meig.) transmittedErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (Jones) Dye (ECC) andErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica (van Hall) Dye (Eca) from vegetative material inoculated with equal proportions ofEcc andEca to uninoculated potato plants and from inoculated potato plants to sterile vegetative material at 15° and 27°C. The insects transmittedEcc andEca with approximately equal frequencies over an 18 hr period at 15°C. At 27°C the proportion ofEcc transmitted was significantly greater thanEca. At 27°C moreEcc thanEca was present in the inoculated vegetative material and potato stems, on fruit flies visiting these sites, and in injured potato tissues to which flies transmitted the bacteria. Results indicate that temperature is important in determining success ofEcc andEca transmission by insects and the relative persistence of the two organisms in plant tissues after transmission.
Direct numerical simulation of pore-scale flow in a bead pack: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging observations

Abstract A significant body of current research is aimed at developing methods for numerical simulation of flow and transport in porous media that explicitly resolve complex pore and solid geometries, and at utilizing such models to study the relationships between fundamental pore-scale processes and macroscopic manifestations at larger (i.e., Darcy) scales. A number of different numerical methods for pore-scale simulation have been developed, and have been extensively tested and validated for simplified geometries. However, validation of pore-scale simulations of fluid velocity for complex, three-dimensional (3D) pore geometries that are representative of natural porous media is challenging due to our limited ability to measure pore-scale velocity in such systems. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer the opportunity to measure not only the pore geometry, but also local fluid velocities under steady-state flow conditions in 3D and with high spatial resolution. In this paper, we present a 3D velocity field measured at sub-pore resolution (tens of micrometers) over a centimeter-scale 3D domain using MRI methods. We have utilized the measured pore geometry to perform 3D simulations of Navier–Stokes flow over the same domain using direct numerical simulation techniques. We present a comparison of the numerical simulation results with the measured velocity field. It is shown that the numerical results match the observed velocity patterns well overall except for a variance and small systematic scaling which can be attributed to the known experimental uncertainty in the MRI measurements. The comparisons presented here provide strong validation of the pore-scale simulation methods and new insights for interpretation of uncertainty in MRI measurements of pore-scale velocity. This study also provides a potential benchmark for future comparison of other pore-scale simulation methods. © 2012 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
Learning in Graduate Engineering Research Groups of Various Sizes

Background Engineering graduate education, particularly at the doctoral level, relies heavily on mentored research experiences often conducted in a research group. Purpose (Hypothesis) The purpose of this study is to understand how and under what conditions research groups foster successful learning and professional development for graduate engineering students, and how these findings can be used to inform management of engineering research groups to optimize student learning, productivity, and intent to complete the degree. Design/Method This study utilizes a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, with nine months of ethnographically guided observations and interviews used to develop an online survey instrument. Data reported in this paper include results from the ethnographic analysis and survey responses from over 800 students at four institutions. Results Key findings from the ethnographic analysis indicate that group size directly influences the mechanisms of student learning. Survey results confirm the prevalence of engineering graduate research groups, as well as several elements common across research groups from different universities and academic departments, including: interactions and communication, access to resources, and role of the advisor. Conclusions An understanding of the mechanisms for learning in research groups can be used by engineering administrators, faculty members, and graduate students to create an environment that fosters successful learning and professional development. We also recommend practices for ensuring positive experiences for all graduate students, which may ultimately reduce attrition from engineering graduate programs.
Flow Structure and Heat Transfer During Free Liquid Jet Impingement Over a Rotating Disk

The aim of this computational study was to characterize the flow structure and convective heat transfer for a free liquid jet impinging on a rotating and uniformly heated solid wafer of finite thickness and radius. The main focus considered was the effect of cooling by adding a secondary rotational flow with jet impingement. The model covers the entire fluid region (impinging jet and flow spreading out over the rotating surface) and the solid disk as a conjugate problem. Calculations were done for various standard microelectronics materials, namely aluminum, copper, silver, Constantan, and silicon; at Reynolds number ranging from 445 to 1800, under a broad rotational rate range from 125 to 6000 rpm, and range of wafer thickness from 0.2 to 2 mm, respectively. The working fluids used for this simulation included water (H2 O), ammonia (NH3 ), flouroinert (FC-77), and (MIL-7808) oil. In the present work only laminar liquid flow was considered for Ekman number range from 5.52 × 10−6 to 2.65 × 10−4 . The nozzle to disk radius ratio (rd /dn ) of 6.333 was kept constant for this study. Plate materials with higher thermal conductivity maintained a more uniform temperature distribution at the solid-fluid interface. Higher Reynolds numbers increased the Nusselt number and local heat transfer coefficient distributions reducing the wall to fluid temperature difference over the entire interface. In general, the rotational rate increases the local Nusselt number values over the entire solid-fluid interface. However, at high rate of rotation, the local Nusselt number decreases because the fluid tends to separate from the rotating disk surface. It was also found that wafer thickness beyond 1 mm did not change significantly the average solid-fluid dimensionless interface temperature and Nusselt number distributions.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Validation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement detection by PCR using commercially available BIOMED-2 primers.

Validation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement detection by PCR using commercially available BIOMED-2 primers
Process development and fabrication of application-specific microvalves

MEMS promise to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-based microelectronics fabrication with silicon micromachining technology, thereby, making possible the realizing of complete systems-on-a-chip.
Combined surgical and sclerotherapy for an extensive venous-lymphatic orbital anomaly.

Combined venous-lymphatic anomalies (lymphangiomas) of the orbit are nonhereditary, congenital lesions. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with an extensive right orbital venous-lymphatic anomaly and severe facial deformity who developed 3 intraconal hemorrhages over 3 months. Although the visual acuity was recovered in the first two surgical interventions, the last episode of bleeding resulted in permanent visual acuity loss. At that stage, adjunctive therapy with n -butyl-cyanoacrylate allowed for greater surgical excision. No further episodes of recurrent hemorrhage occurred and the exophthalmos was corrected, thereby improving his overall cosmesis.
New sources of soybean seed meal and oil composition traits identified through TILLING.

Background Several techniques are available to study gene function, but many are less than ideal for soybean. Reverse genetics, a relatively new approach, can be utilized to identify novel mutations in candidate genes; this technique has not produced an allelic variant with a confirmed phenotype in soybean. Soybean raffinose synthase genes and microsomal omega-6 fatty acid desaturase genes were screened for novel alleles in mutagenized soybean populations.
Neutron diffraction study of the structure and low-temperature phase transformation in ternary NiAl + M (M = Ni, Fe, Co) alloys

Neutron diffraction was used to study the structure of ternary NiAl + M (M = Ni, Fe, Co) alloys. The experiment confirmed the predictions by first-principle calculations on site preference by solute atoms. Moreover, a universal structural transformation was observed below 20 K in alloys where Al is partially replaced by M. The extra peaks at low-temperatures do not match those from known martensite phases, but are well indexed by a cubic structure. A possible mechanism for the low-temperature phase is discussed.
Interdisciplinary research and education for ecosystems management

Abstract Contemporary problems in resource and environmental management often cut across disciplinary and other man-made boundaries. Recently several governmental, educational, and research institutions have come up with a variety of organizational plans to address environmental problems that are interdisciplinary in nature. Within the scope of many of these plans, systems analysis has been considered a potential framework in which varied disciplinary efforts can be integrated and unified. This paper discusses the scope and limitation of systems analysis as such an integrative tool. In particular, the roles of objectives, orchestration, synthesis, and implementation in the solution of resource and environmental problems are discussed in detail. Finally, an integrated curriculum for ecosystems management and a set of recommendations to improve the organizational efficiency and the design of interdisciplinary research efforts are also provided.
Preferences of the side chains in proteins for helix, beta strand, turn, and other conformations. Secondary structures of copper proteins.

Statistical preferences of the side chains in proteins for the helical conformation, the β strand conformation, and the turn conformation were derived from the computer-assigned secondary structures of 55 protein chains reported by Levitt and Greer in 1977 after averaging redundant structures and weighting structures that showed > 25 % homology by w = . Separate preferences are reported for free cysteine side chains and for cystine. These preferences are used to predict the secondary structures of cucumber plastocyanin and cupredoxin, whose crystal structures will be reported soon. The loops in the C-terminal copper-binding regions are discussed.
Stability check of matrix families: how and why vertex solution for multiple vertex case is different from two vertex case

This work presents a new insight into the problem of checking the stability of matrix families formed by the convex combination of Hurwitz stable matrices. The paper reviews the necessary and sufficient vertex solution offered by the author for testing the robust stability of this family and highlights the difference between the multiple vertex (i.e. number of vertex matrices being /spl ges/3) case and the two vertex case. New insight is provided not only into this difference between these two cases, but also on the importance of computational awareness in the problem formulation and the resulting differences in the vertex algorithm, thereby clarifying many subtleties surrounding the proposed algorithm and helping to explain why it has been such a difficult task to understand and solve all this time. Examples illustrating the application of the vertex algorithm are given. Finally, some conclusions are drawn along with future research directions.
Multiple edge effects and their implications in fragmented landscapes

Summary 1. Habitat edges are thought to explain much of the negative effects arising from habitat fragmentation; however, progress has been limited in extrapolating edge effects to different situations because ecologists still do not understand if and how multiple edges interact within fragments. It also remains controversial whether edge effects govern patch-size effects, such as area sensitivity, observed in many migratory songbirds. 2. I examined how multiple edges within fragments may intensify edge responses by investigating spatial distributions of an area-sensitive songbird that breeds in temperate grasslands of North America, the bobolink ( Dolichonyx oryzivorus Linnaeus). I tested whether bobolinks avoid edges and whether avoidance is stronger near two edges (doubleedge plots) than near only one edge (single-edge plots). I subsequently linked bobolink distributions to landscape maps that vary in the amount of habitat and degree of fragmentation to explore some potential implications of multiple edges on patch- and landscapelevel distributions. 3. Multiple edges appeared to influence the magnitude of observed edge effects, in which the probability of bobolink occurrence was four times lower in double-edge plots and two times lower in single-edge plots than in the interior of grasslands. Within singleedge plots, the probability of occurrence increased with increasing distance from edge. Within double-edge plots, the probability of occurrence increased as a function of the nearest and next-nearest distances from edges. Multiple edges also appeared to increase the extent of edge effects, or distance of edge influence, which was estimated to be approximately 11‐33% greater in double-edge plots than in single-edge plots, depending on the next-nearest distance from edge. 4. Extrapolating local bird distributions to landscape models suggests that edge effects can have strong influences on large-scale distributions and that models incorporating multiple edge effects are different to simple nearest-edge models only in highly fragmented landscapes, regardless of landscape composition. Furthermore, edge effects can lead to patch-size effects similar to empirical patterns of area sensitivity observed in this species. I conclude that edge effects can be intensified when multiple edges collide, a feature that permeates many fragmented landscapes.
Numerical Investigation of Internal and External Three-Dimensional Flow Separation

Separation of wall bounded flows for Navy relevant geometries is a highly complex phenomenon. Due to the shape of underwater vehicles (submarines, torpedoes, low aspect ratio lifting or control surfaces) separation is often three-dimensional (3D). Because of the relatively high Reynolds numbers involved, separation is always associated with considerable unsteadiness. This unsteadiness is caused by large coherent structures that are a consequence of hydrodynamic instability mechanisms of the mean flow. The combination of three dimensionality and unsteadiness results in a highly complex time-dependent topology of the separated region. We are simulating 3D separation bubbles in internal (diffuser) and external flows. The diffuser flow simulations are conducted in collaboration with experiments at Stanford University by J. Eaton. The flow is turbulent and difficult to access by direct numerical simulations (DNS). The objective here is to develop, validate, and advance appropriate hybrid turbulence modeling capabilities that will lower the computational expense associated with such simulations. In a combined numerical/experimental effort we are also studying laminar separation bubbles in external flows. For these simulations we are employing highly resolved DNS. The objective here is to obtain high-fidelity flow data that will be analyzed to obtain a deeper understanding of the various physical mechanisms governing separation, transition, and reattachment of 3D bubbles. Ultimately, such understanding may pave the way for the development of effective and efficient flow control strategies for preventing separation in practical applications.
Single and multiple wire Z-pinch experiments on marx-driven water-line pulser

Summary form only given. Wire Z-pinch experiments are underway on a new Marx-bank driven, water-line pulser with 40-50 kA peak current and 130 ns risetime. Previous, lower current wire explosion experiments were performed to investigate the effects of wire morphology on plasma instabilities in copper wires. In the copper studies, laser-shadowgraphy of DC preheated wires showed more rapid expansion and increased development of lateral striations in the plasma column. These striations had growth rates corresponding to Rayleigh-Taylor. Causes of this effect possibly include: the growth of lateral grain boundaries in the wire material due to the DC preheating, or increased energy deposition in the cleaner wires (by reduction of parasitic current in impurity corona). Wire heating experiments repeated on tungsten wires at higher currents will determine if striations similar to those seen in copper can be reproduced and, if so, whether the effect is due to grain structure or to greater energy deposition. Besides DC preheating, investigations into wire-corona breakdown, energy deposition, and the interaction of multiple wires are under investigation. Diagnostics on the experiment include laser-shadowgraphy, PIN diodes, and optical spectroscopy. Future experiments will employ a 1 MA linear transformer driver (LTD), under construction
Recent advances and future prospects in single-electronics

This paper introduces new developments in single-electron logic technology and review a few clever applications made possible when single-electron transistors are combined with CMOS.
Is Kinship Always Already Reproductive

This article offers a critique of contemporary Christianity’s emphasis on family and gestures towards possible alternative visions. Juxtaposing early Christian narratives of kinship with Judith Butler’s analysis of the story of Antigone, this article argues that the sacrament of baptism enables and supports re-envisioning kinship in a ecclesiological, as opposed to reproductive, framework. This essay suggests that an ecclesiological and a poststructuralist account of kinship are mutually generative, with attendant ethical and political implications.
Exploiting cooperative diversity for wireless sensor networks using medium access control

Wireless sensor networks are important for monitoring and instrumenting the physical world. In this paper, we propose a simple target detection method and analyze its performance for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. Specifically, we illustrate cooperative diversity when the channels have fading. Based on this analysis, we show that by using medium access control (MAC) protocols, cooperative diversity is enabled. Power consumption, bandwidth efficiency, and performance tradeoffs are considered for different MAC protocols. Simulation results confirm the theoretical claims.
Measurements of spectral energy transfer in grid turbulence

Direct measurements of the energy transfer spectrum in locally isotropic grid turbulence have been used to determine the extent of validity for grid turbulence of the dynamical equation for the three-dimensional energy spectrum in isotropic turbulence. The extent of applicability of the isotropic energy balance is consistent with the usual local isotropy criterion based on energy spectra alone.The present results are in general agreement with some previous measurements by Uberoi, who determined the transfer spectrum assuming the strict validity of the isotropic dynamical equation. The measured energy transfer spectra are quantitatively similar to those calculated by Kraichnan using the direct-interaction approximation.
Latent and Replicating Forms of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with lymphomas and lymphoproliferative diseases that occur mainly in immunocompromised patients, but the role EBV plays in their pathogenesis is unclear. The evidence linking EBV etiologically to these disorders includes the presence of EBV DNA and nuclear antigens in the lesions and serologic evidence that some patients with these lesions are experiencing primary or reactivated EBV infections. These syndromes may represent proliferation of cells latently infected with EBV, but the possibility of viral replication has not been rigorously studied. DNA extracted from biopsies of 35 lymphoproliferative diseases was probed with regions of the EBV genome capable of distinguishing circular, episomal DNA found in latency from linear, replicating EBV DNA. All samples contained restriction fragments characteristic of fused termini, indicative of circular, latent genomes. Thirteen samples contained additional restriction fragments diagnostic of linear EBV DNA. Therefore, replicating EBV DNA is found in ^40^0 of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can manifest two different life cycles: latent and replicative. In lymphoid cells in tissue culture, EBV is predominantly latent: The cells grow continuously, the genome is maintained at a constant copy number within the cell, a limited number of regions of the genome are transcribed, and a relatively small number of EBV-associated proteins (latent membrane and nuclear antigens) are pro
The role of the yolk syncytial layer in determination of the plane of bilateral symmetry in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Two types of morphogenetic cell movements are required for construction of a teleost embryo from the blastodisc. These are epiboly and convergence. Convergence is responsible for building the embryonic shield, thereby converting the radially symmetrical blastodisc to a bilaterally symmetrical one. Control of the convergence movement in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, blastodiscs was investigated by marking the plane of bilateral symmetry with chalk. The blastodiscs were removed from their underlying yolk syncytial layers (YSL) and younger, radially symmetrical, blastodiscs were used to replace them. The newly transplanted blastodiscs formed planes of bilateral symmetry which matched the marked YSL substratum. Therefore, the YSL from an older, bilaterally symmetrical egg can impart its bilateral symmetry to a young, radially symmetrical blastodisc. This ability suggests that the YSL has the role of directing the cell movements which establish the embryonic shield during normal morphogenesis.
The Effect of Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Malacasoma americanum) Infestation on Fall Webworm (Hyphantria cunea) Selection of Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) as a Host Tree

This study determined whether the presence of Eastern tent caterpillars on black cherry affects selection of the same tree by fall webworms in the same season. Five study sites were selected, each containing 30 to 50 black cherry trees, which were marked and measured. The total number of Eastern tent caterpillar nests was counted on each tree in June 2001. Fall webworm nests were recorded as they developed throughout the summer. A logistic regression showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the use of previously colonized vs. uncolonized trees by the fall webworm. Fall webworms were less likely to occur on trees that had been used by Eastern tent caterpillars earlier in the season. At the end of the study period, 8.5% of the trees had been used by both species and fall webworms alone had colonized 21% of the trees observed.
Research Note: Quality of Government and Tourism Destination Competitiveness

This paper examines the impacts of the quality of government on international tourism competitiveness. Quality of government is conceptualized in terms of an absence of corruption, a well-established rule of law and bureaucratic efficiency. Based on the cross-country analysis of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (World Economic Forum, 2013), the main finding of the study demonstrates that quality of government is positively associated with tourism competitiveness and that this positive effect remains robust across a number of control variables and estimation techniques. The results suggest that public policy for building a successful tourism industry should be nested in the broader project of enhancing the quality of government.
Cytokine response gene 8 (CR8) regulates the cell cycle G1-S phase transition and promotes cellular survival.

Cellular proliferation and survival are modulated by the expression of specific genes. Cytokine response gene 8 (CR8), which was originally cloned as an IL-2-induced gene in human T lymphocytes, encodes a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor. The CR8 gene product is highly conserved among human, mouse and rat, and contains sequence motifs that distinguish it from other bHLH families. The CR8 gene is ubiquitously expressed, and CR8 gene expression is induced by both growth-promoting as well as growth-inhibitory stimuli. As bHLH proteins have been found to regulate both the G1-S phase cell cycle transition, as well as cellular survival, the effects of CR8 on these processes were investigated. Ectopic CR8 expression in asynchronous U2OS cell cultures reduces the percentage of cells in the cell cycle S phase, and also slows the entry of G1-synchronized cells into S phase. The prolonged G1 interval correlates with impaired elevation of cyclin E protein and prolonged p21 protein expression in G1. CR8 expression also protects U2OS cells from serum-withdrawal induced apoptosis. These results indicate that CR8 is an important modulator of both the G1-S phase cell cycle transition, and cellular survival.
Avian serology in a St. Louis encephalitis epicenter before, during, and after a widespread epidemic in south Florida, USA.

Blood and serum from 3,915 wild and domestic birds (2,590 resident, 139 migrant, and 1,186 captive), representing 56 species collected in central Florida from 1989 through 1997, were analyzed for evidence of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus transmission. All sera were tested for SLE hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody. Selected sera and bloods were tested for SLE neutralizing (NT) antibody and virus. The reproductive success of resident birds was highest from 1990–1992 and lowest from 1994–1997. Transmission of SLE to resident birds, especially mourning doves ( Zenaida macroura ), peaked during the summer of 1990, a year during which a widespread SLE epidemic was recorded in central Florida. The SLE antibody-positive resident birds 1st appeared during September of the epidemic year. Some SLE, HI antibody-positive resident birds were captured throughout 1991, but only 5% were yearlings, compared with 36% in 1990. By 1993, wild resident birds expressing HI and NT antibodies to SLE had nearly disappeared. None of the migrant birds tested were SLE-positive. Sentinel chickens maintained in Indian River County during the epidemic year seroconverted to SLE starting in early July with peak seroconversion rates in August, September, and October. High (≥50%) SLE seroconversion rates in sentinel chickens preceded those in wild birds by 10 wk and preceded peak human SLE transmission by at least 8 wk. Major SLE epidemics in south Florida depend on abundant wild bird populations, especially during the amplification phase of the transmission cycle. We propose that hard winter freezes along the temperate-subtropical climatic zone interface in central Florida, at ≈27°30′ North Latitude, opens foraging and nesting habitats for ground-feeding birds, resulting in high reproductive success and an abundance of seronegative individuals that rapidly amplify the SLE later in the year.
An Injury Severity-, Time Sensitivity-, and Predictability-Based Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Algorithm Improves Motor Vehicle Crash Occupant Triage

Background Advanced Automatic Crash Notification algorithms use vehicle telemetry measurements to predict risk of serious motor vehicle crash injury. The objective of the study was to develop an Advanced Automatic Crash Notification algorithm to reduce response time, increase triage efficiency, and improve patient outcomes by minimizing undertriage ( Study Design A list of injuries associated with a patient's need for Level I/II trauma center treatment known as the Target Injury List was determined using an approach based on 3 facets of injury: severity, time sensitivity, and predictability. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict an occupant's risk of sustaining an injury on the Target Injury List based on crash severity and restraint factors for occupants in the National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System 2000–2011. The Advanced Automatic Crash Notification algorithm was optimized and evaluated to minimize triage rates, per American College of Surgeons recommendations. Results The following rates were achieved: 2,700 seriously injured occupants and reduces unnecessary use of trauma center resources for >162,000 minimally injured occupants. Conclusions The algorithm could be incorporated into vehicles to inform emergency personnel of recommended motor vehicle crash triage decisions. Lower under- and overtriage was achieved, and nationwide implementation of the algorithm would yield improved triage decision making for an estimated 165,000 occupants annually.
STAR in CTO PCI: When is STAR not a star?

Subintimal tracking and reentry (STAR) has been used as a bailout strategy and involves an uncontrolled dissection and recanalization into the distal lumen to reestablish vessel patency. In the current study, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow < 3 was the only variable which they found to be significantly associated with restenosis and reocclusion after stent placement. It may be reasonable to consider second generation drug eluting stent placement in patients receiving STAR that have TIMI 3 flow, however, this should only be done if there is no compromise of major side branches. If unsure, we recommend to perform balloon angioplasty without stenting.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis in Huangpu District of Shanghai from 2007-2012

[Objective]To discuss the epidemiologic characteristics and trends of acute viral hepatitis in Huangpu District of Shanghai from 2007-2012.[Methods]The epidemic information and monitoring data of viral hepatitis from 2007-2012 were analyzed by SPSS 20. 0 and SAS9. 1. 3. [Results]The average annual incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Huangpu District of Shanghai from2007-2012 was 4. 64 /lakh. The annual incidence rate decreased gradually during 2007-2010,while it showed an increasing trend since 2011. 45. 83%( 77 /168) of cases occurred January and April. The male-to-female ratio was 2. 00 ∶ 1,and patients aged40-59 years old accounted for 59. 76%( 92 /168). The proportion of hepatitis B cases was the greatest,which was 43. 45%(73/168),followed by hepatitis E,accounting for 38.10%(64/168).[Conclusion]In recent years,the incidence rate of viral hepatitis has declined stably,and the proportions of hepatitis B and hepatitis E are increasing. The prevention and control of viral hepatitis should focus on hepatitis B and hepatitis E while maintaining the low incidence rate of hepatitis A.
Traffic Pattern-Based Adaptive Routing for Intra-Group Communication in Dragonfly Networks

The Cray Cascade architecture uses Dragonfly as its interconnect topology and employs a globally adaptive routing scheme called UGAL. UGAL directs traffic based on link loads but may make inappropriate adaptive routing decisions in various situations, which degrades its performance. In this work, we propose to improve UGAL by incorporating a traffic patternbased adaptation mechanism for intra-group communication in Dragonfly. The idea is to explicitly use the link usage statistics that are collected in performance counters to infer the traffic pattern, and to take the inferred traffic pattern plus link loads into consideration when making adaptive routing decisions. Our performance evaluation results on a diverse set of traffic conditions indicate that by incorporating the traffic pattern-based adaptation mechanism, our scheme is more effective in making adaptive routing decisions and achieves lower latency under low load and higher throughput under high load than the existing UGAL in many situations.
Index of Suspicion in the Nursery

A male infant is born at 39 2/7 weeks’ gestation to a 41-year-old G5P2022 woman who had negative findings on prenatal laboratory tests and group B Streptococcus testing. His Apgar scores are 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, with points being subtracted for color. He requires no resuscitation. On the first postnatal day, his heart rate decreases to less than 80 beats/min while awake. Clinically, he appears fine and has no cyanosis or respiratory distress. Findings on physical examination include a temperature of 98.4°F (36.9°C), heart rate of 92 beats/min, respiratory rate of 35 breaths/min, blood pressure of 69/30 mm Hg, and pulse oximetry of 100% on room air. There are no retractions, flaring, or grunting, and breath sounds are equal bilaterally. Cardiac examination reveals regular rate and rhythm, a I/VI systolic murmur throughout the precordium that is loudest at the left lower sternal border, and femoral and brachial pulses that are +2 bilaterally. Tone is normal, and the anterior fontanelle is open and soft. Further history reveals that the baby had fetal bradycardia in utero with appropriate variability. The mother had been screened for rheumatologic …
A preliminary psychometric evaluation of the eight-item cognitive load scale.

Abstract Aim The aim of this article is to report the psychometric properties of the eight-item cognitive load scale. Background According to cognitive load theory, the formatting and delivery of healthcare education influences the degree to which patients and/or family members can engage their working memory systems for learning. However, despite its relevance, cognitive load has not yet been evaluated among surrogate decision makers exposed to electronic decision support for healthcare decisions. To date, no psychometric analyses of instruments evaluating cognitive load have been reported within healthcare settings. Methods A convenience sample of 62 surrogate decision makers for critically ill patients were exposed to one of two healthcare decision support interventions were recruited from four intensive care units at a tertiary medical center in Northeast Ohio. Participants were administered a battery of psychosocial instruments and the eight-item cognitive load scale (CLS). Results The CLS demonstrated a bidimensional factor structure with acceptable discriminant validity and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.75 and 0.89). Conclusions The CLS is a psychometrically sound instrument that may be used in the evaluation of decision support among surrogate decision makers of the critically ill. The authors recommend application of the cognitive load scale in the evaluation and development of healthcare education and interventions.
Complex refractive index of silica, silicate, borosilicate, and boroaluminosilicate glasses – Analysis of glass network vibration modes with specular-reflection IR spectroscopy

Abstract A novel mathematical algorithm was developed to calculate refractive index (n + ik) from specular reflectance infrared (SR-IR) spectra in the strongly-absorbing glass network vibration region. The method is named as two-angle SR-IR (TASR-IR), since it is based on the Fresnel equations of specular reflectance at two incidence angles (10° and 45°). The results obtained from TASR-IR are comparable with the values obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry. The TASR-IR method allows one to obtain the peak positions and intensities of fundamental network vibration modes of glass from the imaginary component (k) of complex refractive index without convolutions from the dispersion effect due to chains in the real component (n) of refractive index. The TASR-IR method is applied to silica, silicate, borosilicate, and boroaluminosilicate glasses; tentative peak assignments of glass network vibrations are proposed. The origin and concept of peaks in the vibrational spectra of glasses is discussed.
Stumped by Student Needs: Factors in Developing Effective Teacher Collaboration

The article discusses underlying issues in the collaboration of teachers to better address the needs of students who traditionally fail in public schools. Building on a theoretical foundation that considers a variety of factors that typically limit in-school collaboration, the article examines the case of three high school teachers who struggle to work with second language learners who are not functionally literate in either their first or second language and find themselves at great risk of academic failure. Attempts at collaboration among these three teachers are described and both favorable and detrimental cultural, structural, logistical, and personal factors are examined within each of the relationships. Implications for professional development are suggested.
Analogies and Conjectures

In this final chapter, we end our story by beginning another. Although we have mostly worked over ℂ, and occasionally over a general algebraically closed field, algebraic geometry can be done over any field. Each field has its own character: transcendental over ℂ, and arithmetic over fields such as ℚ, \(\mathbb{F}_p\),&. It may seem that aside from a few formal similarities, the arithmetic and transcendental sides would have very little to do with each other. But in fact they are related in deep and mysterious ways. We start by briefly summarizing the results ofWeil, Grothendieck, and Deligne for finite fields. Then we return to complex geometry and prove Serre’s analogue of the Weil conjecture. This result inspired Grothendieck to formulate his standard conjectures.We explain some of these along with the closely related Hodge conjecture. These are among the deepest open problems in algebraic geometry.
OIV-A-3

BACKGROUND/AIMS A polymorphism at position 6853 (G C) in the gene encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1), the active site for warfarin, has been associated with warfarin dose requirements in Caucasians. We sought to determine whether the VKORC1 G6853C polymorphism is associated with warfarin dose requirements in African Americans. METHODS Genetic samples and information on vitamin K intake and warfarin adherence were collected from 75 African Americans on a stable dose of warfarin, defined as the same dose for ≥3 consecutive clinic visits. Demographic data and INR values were also collected. Patients taking drugs known to interact with warfarin were excluded from the study. Genotype was determined by PCR and RFLP methods. Warfarin dose requirements and characteristics were compared by genotype. RESULTS The genotype distribution was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of the GG, GC, and CC genotypes were 69%, 23%, and 8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, INR, vitamin K intake, or warfarin adherence among genotype groups. Median warfarin dose was similar in heterozygotes[6.0 (range 2.7–13.6) mg/day] and G allele homozygotes[6.6 (3.1–14.3) mg/day]. However, median warfarin dose requirements were lower in C allele homozygotes[3.8 (2.0–7.5) mg/day] compared to G allele carriers; p=0.02. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that African Americans with the VKORC1 6853 CC genotype require lower warfarin doses. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P32–P32; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.116
POLE-mutated clear cell cervical cancer associated with in-utero diethylstilbestrol exposure.

Abstract We report an extraordinary case of a woman, exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, who developed clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix with a concurrent polymerase-Ɛ (POLE) somatic mutation. The tumor exhibited the classic phenotypic characteristics of POLE-mutated tumors originating from other organs (e.g. the uterus or the colon) including increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and high PD-L1 expression and has remained in remission since completion of primary therapy for >4 years. This case highlights the importance of next generation sequencing in unraveling the biology of rare tumors and supports that the presence of a POLE mutation and the associated ultramutated state confers a unique phenotype of higher immunogenicity and possibly improved prognosis in a tissue-agnostic manner, i.e. regardless of the type of cancer where the POLE mutation is present.
Prosocial rule breaking at the street level: the roles of leaders, peers, and bureaucracy

Rules and rule behaviour are keys to understanding modern organizations. This study examines prosocial rule breaking (PSRB), a view of workplace rule violations that eschews assumptions of invariab...