cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite-Size Effects and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Noble-Metal Nanoparticles

We study the role of a strong electron confinement on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering from molecules adsorbed on small noble-metal nanoparticles. We describe a novel enhancement mechanism which originates from the different effect that confining potential has on s-band and d-band electrons. We demonstrate that the interplay between finite-size and screening efects in the nanoparticle surface layer leads to an enhancement of the surface plasmon local field acting on a molecule located in a close proximity to the metal surface. Our calculations show that the additional enhancement of the Raman signal is especially strong for small nanometer-sized nanoparticles.
NDX-2: Development of an Advanced Planetary Space Suit Demonstrator System for the Lunar Environment

In 2009 the Space Suit Laboratory of the University of North Dakota began the development of an advanced lunar EVA suit prototype termed the NDX-2 (North Dakota eXperimental 2) under a NASA grant. The NDX-2 has incorporated the improvements achieved during the earlier NDX-1 Mars space suit demonstrator program. After the numerous lessons learned during the development of the NDX-1 Program, new advanced systems were undertaken that, due to time and budgetary constraints, could not be applied to the NDX-1. Also, after careful examination of the methods foreseen for lunar exploration, we arrived at the conclusion that the new suit system would require a specific donning/doffing capability and method that was not contemplated by the NDX-1. Rear-entry (for don/doff), as opposed to the Shallow Dual-Planar type entry (as was used on the NDX-1), would have most likely been employed as part of the Constellation Extravehicular Activity (EVA) lunar missions, if that mission had materialized. Beyond the inclusion of a rear-entry closure, improved, new type torso structure, shoulder, arm, hip, knee, and ankle joint designs were also incorporated, along with improved joint restraint methods. Accordingly the NDX-2 was configured in such a manner that it could be eventually modified to interface with a suitport airlock, capable of allowing the rear-entry closure to dock directly to a habitat or vehicle, thus avoiding dust intrusion into the cabin. Design constraints/assumptions, construction techniques and preliminary results will be presented in this paper.
In-situ Properties of Soils at Paleoliquefaction Sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain

Examination of in-situ properties of soils at four paleoliquefaction sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain (SCCP) indicated that the soil conditions at these sites are all consistent with liquefiable soils at other locations where liquefaction has been observed. The index properties of soils at locations where sandblows were encountered are not apparently different from those of neighboring locations where sandblows were not encountered. The source sands at the four sites are all loose to medium dense, poorly graded, fine sands. The mean grain sizes range from 0.15 to 0.2 mm and fines contents are less than 10%. They are all located at very shallow depth (1.3 to 3.7 m). An underlying clay layer directly beneath the source sands at all sites of liquefaction may amplify the ground motion and make the source sands more susceptible to liquefaction. We found that some of the soil properties for the paleoliquefaction sites in the SCCP differ from the currently used liquefaction evaluation curves that are based on data for Holocene soils from California, China, and Japan. To facilitate paleoliquefaction evaluation in the SCCP, penetration resistance and shear-wave velocity data at paleoliquefaction sites were carefully examined and compared with current standards to develop boundary curves for paleoliquefaction evaluation in the SCCP.
Alien Flytrap: Under the Skin Directed by Jonathan Glazer

> “O wad some Pow’r the giftie gie us, To see oursels as ithers see us!” > > To A Louse > > — Robert Burns, 1786 There’s just not enough poetry in these pages so it’s appropriate, given Under The Skin’s west of Scotland setting and its subject matter — in the guise of a beautiful, enigmatic woman, an extraterrestrial (Scarlett Johansson) cruises the streets of Glasgow luring men to a very nasty end, discovering a few truths about humanity and developing her own identity and sense of self along the way — to reference Scotland’s Bard, Rabbie Burns. It also helps that Burns uses language as impenetrably …
Effects of Grinding and Storage for One Month on Retention of Vitamin A in Premixes and Mineral Supplements

Tested standardized procedures for handling premixes and mineral supplements from time of sampling to time of analysis for vitamin A have not been developed, which could account for some unexplained inconsistent and low analytical results. Grinding premix samples and storing them in a freezer for one month had little effect on amount of vitamin A found, but there was a significant loss (about 10%) after storage for one month at room temperature. Results on replicated determinations of vitamin A in unground and ground mineral supplements and on effect of storage were somewhat more variable than for premixes, but only the loss (about 12%) during storage for one month at room temperature was significant.
Immunochemical studies of muscle proteins in mature and regenerating limbs of the adult newt, Triturus viridescens.

Qualitative and quantitative changes which occur in proteins and other macromolecules during differentiation and growth in embryonic development may be detected and defined by immunochemical means (Ebert, 1954, 1959). Similar changes must also occur during regeneration of a part, such as the limb of the salamander, since, after an initial period of cellular breakdown and ‘dedifferentiation’, regeneration repeats in many ways the embryonic processes. There is the appearance of embryonic-like cells of the blastema which then multiply rapidly and differentiate. In the present investigation immunochemical techniques of studying the changing protein spectrum during development are applied to regeneration in the newt. During the course of this study an analysis of muscle protein regeneration in the larva was published (DeHaan, 1956). Following initial exploration of the various protein systems, the present study was restricted to the changes in the dedifferentiation and development of the contractile proteins, actomyosin and myosin.
Effective-mass model and magneto-optical properties in hybrid perovskites

Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites have proven to be a revolutionary material for low-cost photovoltaic applications. They also exhibit many other interesting properties, including giant Rashba splitting, large-radius Wannier excitons and novel magneto-optical effects. Understanding these properties as well as the detailed mechanism of photovoltaics requires a reliable and accessible electronic structure, on which models of transport, excitonic and magneto-optical properties can be efficiently developed. Here we construct an effective-mass model for the hybrid perovskites based on the group theory, experiment and first-principles calculations. Using this model, we relate the Rashba splitting with the inversion-asymmetry parameter in the tetragonal perovskites, evaluate anisotropic g-factors for both conduction and valence bands and elucidate the magnetic-field effect on photoluminescence and its dependence on the intensity of photoexcitation. The diamagnetic effect of exciton is calculated for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field. The pronounced excitonic peak emerged at intermediate magnetic fields in cyclotron resonance is assigned to the 3D±2 states, whose splitting can be used to estimate the difference in the effective masses of electron and hole.
Radiative Properties of Layered Cloud Systems as Deduced from Satellite Observations

NOAA-AVHRR imagery data is used to probe the physical and radiative properties of single-layered cloud systems over the Pacific Ocean. Such systems constitute approximately 30% of the observations for (250km)2 regions and thus represent a significant component of the global cloud system. Nighttime observations of thermal emission at 3.7 and 11 μm indicate that these systems are often optically thick at both wavelengths. Daytime observations of reflected solar radiation at 3.7 μm indicate that the sides of clouds reflect more radiation than the interiors do. Calculations of reflected radiation suggest that the enhanced reflectivity may be caused either by cloud geometry or by a systematic shift in droplet sizes from larger sizes in the interior to smaller sizes at cloud edges. The influence of droplet size on the 3.7 μm reflectivity is clearly evident in images showing the effect of ship stack gases on the sunlight reflected by low-level clouds.
An Experiential Learning Model for HRM Students

This article is an action research enquiry into the progress of business undergraduate human resource management students through the process of developing experiential projects for the campus and for regional profit and non-profit businesses. Bloom's taxonomy is a foundation component of this process. Analysis of a survey of students demonstrates the efficacy of such a hands-on learning endeavor. There is little written to date about the use of this pedagogy for human resource management students in particular. This study aims to partially fill a knowledgegap in the field.
Characterizations of LED road lighting for expressway by various on-site measurement and analysis methods

The LED luminaires are nowadays the mainstream of road lighting for the merit of durable, fast response, controllable, energy saving, and environmental friendly. For the evaluation of highway with LED lightings, we have recently developed on-site measurement of the photometric characteristics of lane and luminaire by luminance image, illuminance and spectral illuminance distribution which be evaluated as uniformity, colorimetry and glare parameters that were measured under the different height and spacing of the lampposts in the experimental field for expressway. We applied the image luminance measurement device to achieve the on-site and real time road lighting evaluation especially for the expressway. Some preliminary results were obtained from these experiments. These results will be applied to developing the standards and specification for road lighting in expressway.
Running climate model on a commercial cloud computing environment

The suites of numerical models used for simulating climate of our planet are usually run on dedicated high-performance computing (HPC) resources. This study investigates an alternative to the usual approach, i.e. carrying out climate model simulations on commercially available cloud computing environment. We test the performance and reliability of running the CESM (Community Earth System Model), a flagship climate model in the United States developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), on Amazon Web Service (AWS) EC2, the cloud computing environment by Amazon.com, Inc. StarCluster is used to create virtual computing cluster on the AWS EC2 for the CESM simulations. The wall-clock time for one year of CESM simulation on the AWS EC2 virtual cluster is comparable to the time spent for the same simulation on a local dedicated high-performance computing cluster with InfiniBand connections. The CESM simulation can be efficiently scaled with the number of CPU cores on the AWS EC2 virtual cluster environment up to 64 cores. For the standard configuration of the CESM at a spatial resolution of 1.9 latitude by 2.5 longitude, increasing the number of cores from 16 to 64 reduces the wall-clock running time by more than 50% and the scaling is nearly linear. Beyond 64 cores, the communication latency starts to outweigh the benefit of distributed computing and the parallel speedup becomes nearly unchanged. Climate models can be run in parallel mode on cloud computing environment.Parallelization efficiency of CESM model on the AWS EC2 virtual cluster is tested.CESM simulation can be efficiently scaled with the number of CPU cores up to 64.A high-speed network is key for the scalability of the parallelized climate models.
Learning futures with mixed sentience

• People with disabilities have benefited from the use of assistive technologies that compensate for, or augment functioning.
Applying Criteria of Active Surveillance to Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer Over a Decade: How Many Surgeries and Complications Can Be Avoided?

Background: The 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines acknowledged that “an active surveillance management approach can be considered as an alternative to immediate surgery” in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of PTC that would meet the criteria for active surveillance and the surgeries and complications that could have been avoided. Methods: A total of 681 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroid surgery from 2003 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. A decision-making framework for active surveillance was applied to patients with PTC in nodules measuring ≤1.5 cm on ultrasound. Patients were identified as suitable for active surveillance based on imaging and patient characteristics. These patients were reviewed for management and outcomes. Results: PTC was diagnosed based on fine-needle aspiration histology of Bethesda V or VI in thyroid nodules in 243 patients. Of these, 77 patients had nodules measuring ≤1....
Internalizing Capitalist Norms: A Grounded Study of How North Korean Defectors Adapt through Work

Drawing on motivational perspectives, we explored the phenomenon of work- related adaptation among cross-regime migrants-workforce migration from communist to capitalist society-focusing on the pro...
Post-disturbance sediment recovery: Implications for watershed resilience

Abstract Sediment recovery following disturbances is a measure of the time required to attain pre-disturbance sediment fluxes. Insight into the controls on recovery processes and pathways builds understanding of geomorphic resilience. We assess post-disturbance sediment recovery in three small (1.5–100 km2), largely unaltered watersheds within the northern Colorado Rocky Mountains affected by wildfires, floods, and debris flows. Disturbance regimes span 102 (floods, debris flows) to 103 years (wildfires). For all case studies, event sediment recovery followed a nonlinear pattern: initial high sediment flux during single precipitation events or high annual snowmelt runoff followed by decreasing sediment fluxes over time. Disturbance interactions were evaluated after a high-severity fire within the South Fork Cache la Poudre basin was followed by an extreme flood one year post-fire. This compound disturbance hastened suspended sediment recovery to pre-fire concentrations 3 years after the fire. Wildfires over the last 1900 YBP in the South Fork basin indicate fire recurrence intervals of ~ 600 years. Debris flows within the upper Colorado River basin over the last two centuries have shifted the baseline of sediment recovery caused by anthropogenic activities that increased debris flow frequency. An extreme flood on North St. Vrain Creek with an impounding reservoir resulted in extreme sedimentation that led to a physical state change. We introduce an index of resilience as sediment recovery/disturbance recurrence interval, providing a relative comparison between sites. Sediment recovery and channel form resilience may be inversely related because of high or low physical complexity in streams. We propose management guidelines to enhance geomorphic resilience by promoting natural processes that maintain physical complexity. Finally, sediment connectivity within watersheds is an additional factor to consider when establishing restoration treatment priorities.
Vertical accretion sand proxies of gaged floods along the upper Little Tennessee River, Blue Ridge Mountains, USA

Abstract Understanding environmental hazards presented by river flooding has been enhanced by paleoflood analysis, which uses sedimentary records to document floods beyond historical records. Bottomland overbank deposits (e.g., natural levees, floodbasins, meander scars, low terraces) have the potential as continuous paleoflood archives of flood frequency and magnitude, but they have been under-utilized because of uncertainty about their ability to derive flood magnitude estimates. The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study that illuminates tremendous potential of bottomland overbank sediments as reliable proxies of both flood frequency and magnitude. Methods involve correlation of particle-size measurements of the coarse tail of overbank deposits (> 0.25 mm sand) from three separate sites with historical flood discharge records for the upper Little Tennessee River in the Blue Ridge Mountains of the southeastern United States. Results show that essentially all floods larger than a 20% probability event can be detected by the coarse tail of particle-size distributions, especially if the temporal resolution of sampling is annual or sub-annual. Coarser temporal resolution (1.0 to 2.5 year sample intervals) provides an adequate record of large floods, but is unable to discriminate individual floods separated by only one to three years. Measurements of > 0.25 mm sand that are normalized against a smoothed trend line through the down-column data produce highly significant correlations (R 2 values of 0.50 to 0.60 with p -values of 0.004 to
Development of a stored procedure debugger for MYSQL V5.x

MYSQL is a relational database administrator. So, it is used to store data in a persistent way. It allows the creation of stored procedures on which they are a set of SQL instructions, plus a series of control structures that facilitate automated control actions that often take place in it. They are saved on the server, where they wait to be called to execute. In this context it has created a partial implementation of a tool for debugging behavior of such processes, considering that there is not a wide variety of these types of tools, especially free. Debugging is carried out, based on knowledge of the creation of translators, which consists of two phases: The Analysis phase and the phase of code translation; on which only the first applies, in its three stages: lexical, parsing and semantic analysis, where there is an interaction with a graphical interface and the database engine.
What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle

Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, the sister group of termites, retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites, closely related flagellates die prior to host ecdysis. Although the prevalent view is that termite flagellates die because of conditions of starvation and desiccation in the gut during the host molting cycle, the work of L.R. Cleveland in the 1930s through the 1960s provides a strong alternate hypothesis: it was the changed hormonal environment associated with the origin of eusociality and its concomitant shift in termite developmental ontogeny that instigates the death of the flagellates in termites. Although the research on termite gut microbial communities has exploded since the advent of modern molecular techniques, the role of the host hormonal environment on the life cycle of its gut flagellates has been neglected. Here Cleveland’s studies are revisited to provide a basis for re-examination of the problem, and the results framed in the context of two alternate hypotheses: the flagellate symbionts are victims of the change in host social status, or the flagellates have become incorporated into the life cycle of the eusocial termite colony. Recent work on parasitic protists suggests clear paths for exploring these hypotheses and for resolving long standing issues regarding sexual-encystment cycles in flagellates of the Cryptocercus-termite lineage using molecular methodologies, bringing the problem into the modern era.
Creation of an Arterialized Cephalic Vein as Autologous Bypass for Below-Knee Reconstruction in Critical Limb Ischemia.

Two cases of below-knee bypasses using an arterialized cephalic vein (CV) are presented. Both patients had critical ischemia, but no greater or lesser saphenous veins (LSVs) were usable. According to ultrasound, the CVs were thin but regularly positioned. Four weeks after wrist fistula was created, ultrasound showed adequate maturation, and the bypass operations were performed. Both patients had uneventful courses and were discharged after a few days with patent bypasses since then (35 and 18 months). As this report shows, creation of a fistula can be a useful option to gain autologous bypass material in case of critical limb ischemia.
Biological Sex Modulates the Adrenal and Blood Pressure Responses to Angiotensin II.

The relationship between biological sex and aldosterone on blood pressure (BP) is unclear. We hypothesized that sex would modify the interaction between aldosterone and vascular responses to salt intake and angiotensin II (AngII). To test this hypothesis, in 1592 subjects from the well-controlled Hypertensive Pathotype cohort, we compared responses of women and men to chronic (BP and aldosterone levels in response to dietary salt) and acute (BP, renal plasma flow, and aldosterone responses to AngII infusion) manipulations. Women had a 30% higher salt sensitivity of BP than men ( P P P =0.003) between sex and aldosterone on BP response to AngII. Women also had a greater ( P P P P P
Losses and Grief in Old Age

As a person ages, he or she increasingly experiences losses and, consequently, grief. The grieving process varies according to the characteristics of the individual, the loss, and the person's situ...
Power, exclusion and empowerment: Feminist innovation in political science

Abstract In this essay, I argue that feminist political science contributes to our understanding of power, especially through the concept of empowerment, giving us the conceptual tools to grapple with phenomena such as the impact of feminist movements and other initiatives of marginalized groups organizing to contest inequality and oppression. These concepts bring informal politics into the formal sphere and show the limits of a formal, top-down approach to power and politics more generally. It reveals how intersectionality and power are linked. I illustrate this argument in a discussion of the recent #metoo campaign, as well as through a brief examination of abortion policy and foreign policy in Canada and the United States. I conclude that, the reciprocal influence of feminist scholarship and political science has been one of mutual enrichment, though the contribution of feminist political science to the broader discipline has been limited by male bias that leads scholars to overlook and discount work by women in the discipline.
Some Formalized Metamathematics and Church’s Rule

It is not uncommon for metamathematical results to require the formalization of other metamathematical arguments. The most familiar example of this phenomenon is probably Godel’s second incompleteness theorem, whose proof proceeds (roughly speaking) by formalizing the proof of the first incompleteness theorem. The simplest example that arises in the metamathematics of constructive theories (as opposed to classical theories) is Church’s rule, which we shall now consider. Suppose we have a theory T and an argument to show that every term t which T proves to be in NN actually denotes a recursive function.
Male Sexual Behavior

This chapter deals primarily with a detailed description of the components and patterning of male copulatory behavior, the effects of castration and replacement therapy with a variety of steroids, and the hormonal induction of female sexual behavior in males. Other topics have not been studied extensively and therefore can only be discussed briefly. These include the ontogeny of male sexual behavior, the effects of aging, and the effects of pharmacological agents. Additional material relevant to male copulatory behavior can be found in this volume; for example, see Chapter 7 on neonatal hormone manipulations, Chapter 14 on circadian factors, Chapter 11 on the involvement of central nervous system structures, Chapter 6 on chemical and auditory factors, and Chapter 4 on endocrine processes.
Assessment of severity and prognosis in COPD: moving beyond percent of predicted.

Newer methods of grading severity of airflow limitation perform better than the percent predicted of the FEV1 and deserve consideration in both prognostic models and individual patient assessmenthttp://ow.ly/oQB030kvVEW
Quantitative Synthesis of Research Evidence: Multilevel Meta-Analysis:

Multilevel meta-analysis is an innovative synthesis technique used for the quantitative integration of effect size estimates across participants and across studies. The quantitative summary allows ...
Over two centuries: Black people in nineteenth-century Hawaiʻi

ABSTRACTThis article charts the history of Black people in nineteenth-century Hawaiʻi, an Indigenous and non-White society that prohibited slavery. Far from the Black Atlantic, African-descended pe...
The Capital Times: A Proudly Radical Newspaper's Century-Long Fight for Justice and for Peace

Review of: "The Capital Times: A Proudly Radical Newspaper's Century-Long Fight for Justice and for Peace" by Dave Zweifel and John Nichols
Coupled structural distortions, domains, and control of phase competition in polar SmBaMn 2 O 6

Understanding and controlling the competing ground states realized in correlated oxides is a significant challenge. Manipulating subtle geometric distortions to crystal structure provides an opportunity to control these states by changing the environment in which electrons interact. Here, the authors explore the structurally complex polar manganite SmBaMn${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$ and reveal how a set of coupled structural distortions stabilize the ground state. They show how modulations to crystal structure at domain walls and in epitaxially strained thin films can stabilize competing phases.
The Validity of Major Depression With Seasonal Pattern: Reply to Young (2017):

Young claims that our argument against a seasonal pattern for major depressive disorder fails because we incorrectly assumed that the seasonal pattern corresponds to what has been called “winter bl...
Antifeedant effects of proteinase inhibitors on feeding behaviors of adult western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).

Low-molecular-weight peptidyl proteinase inhibitors (PIs) including leupeptin, calpain inhibitor I, and calpeptin were found to be potent antifeedants for adult western corn rootworm (WCR) against the phagostimulation of cucurbitacin B (Cuc B) or a corn pollen extract (CPE). Leupeptin was the strongest (ED50 = 0.36 and 0.55 nmol/disk for Cuc B and CPE, respectively) among PIs tested with an antifeedant potency much stronger than the steroid progesterone (ED50 = 2.29 and 5.05 nmol/disk for Cuc B and CPE, respectively), but slightly less than the reference alkaloid, strychnine (ED50 = 0.17 and 0.37 nmol/disk for Cuc B and CPE, respectively). All active PIs contain a di- or tripeptidyl aldehyde moiety, indicating that PIs exert their antifeedant effects by covalent interaction with putative sulfhydryl (SH) groups on taste receptors as do these PIs with cysteine proteinases. However, opposite inhibition potency against Cuc B versus CPE by two thiol-group reducing agents, DTT and L-cysteine, and the results with other cysteine-modifying reagents obscure the net functional role of SH groups at WCR taste chemoreceptors. Surprisingly, the model phagostimulant for diabroticites, Cuc B, was more easily counteracted by these feeding deterrents than the stimulants present in CPE. Three-dimensional structure–antifeedant relationships for the PIs suggest that a novel taste chemoreception mechanism exists for these peptidyl aldehydes or that they fit partially into a strychnine binding pocket on protein chemoreceptors. Favorable economic benefit may be achieved if PIs are discovered to be useful in adult WCR control, since both pre- and postingestive sites would be targeted.
Kabbage: A Fresh Approach to Understanding Fundamental Auditing Concepts and the Effects of Disruptive Technology

Disruptive technology, new business ventures, and increased availability of data are quickly changing traditional financial reporting and assurance processes. As a result, prospective auditors not ...
Corine Pelluchon: Nourishment: a philosophy of the political body , trans. by Justin E. H. Smith

“In the beginning there was hunger.” This opening quote from Levinas sets the stage for Pelluchon’s ethico-political project that revamps classical phenomenology’s intentionality of the ego by focusing on the sensing and enjoyment of the “gourmet cogito” who “lives from” and finds nourishment in a world that cannot be reduced to a noeme. She critiques Heidegger’s existential analytic and focuses on an ontology where our love of life precedes our being-towards-death, before boldly mapping out a new social pact, founded on the structures of existence (existentials) that her phenomenology of nourishment reveals.
Gait deviations and muscle strength deficits in subjects with patellar instability.

Abstract Background Abnormal tracking of the patella is a hallmark sign of patellar instability (PI). Gait deviations and strength deficits may exacerbate abnormal tracking. The identification of modifiable gait deviations and strength deficits can aid in developing more effective management strategies for individuals with PI. The purpose of this study was to identify modifiable gait and strength deficits in subjects with PI. Methods 32 subjects (16 PI, 16 controls, 3 males/13 females in each group, 21.1 years old, 23.5 BMI), performed an instrumented gait analysis while walking at 1.5 m per second. Subjects' peak hip adduction angles, external rotation angles, hip abduction moments, knee flexion angles, knee adduction angles, and knee extensor moments were measured during walking. Hip abduction, hip external rotation, and knee extension strength were assessed with a handheld dynamometer. Results Individuals with PI displayed significantly lower peak knee adduction angles (1.8 ± 2.8° PI, 5.5 ± 4.5° control, p Conclusion Subjects with patellar instability have smaller joint moments and a more valgus knee position while walking. Coupled with deficits in muscle strength, this likely contributes to subjective reports of chronic patellar instability. Level of Evidence. III
The impact of Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations (GEDI) on health services use, health related quality of life, and costs: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background and objectives Older adults (age 65 and older) use the emergency department (ED) at a rate of nearly 50 ED visits per 100 older adults, accounting for over 23 million ED visits in the US annually, up to 20% of all ED visits. These ED visits are sentinel health events as discharged patients often return to the ED, experience declines in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disability, or are later hospitalized. Those who are admitted incur increased costs and greater risk for poor outcomes including infections, delirium, and falls. The objective of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the efficacy of the Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations (GEDI) program, an ED nurse-led geriatric assessment and care coordination program, in decreasing unnecessary health services use and improving Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL) for older adults in the ED. Methods Community dwelling older adults aged 65 and older who are vulnerable or frail according to the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) during an ED visit will be randomized to either GEDI (n = 420) or to usual ED care (n = 420). Outcome variables will be assessed during the ED visit and at 7–11 days and 28–32 days post ED visit. Projected outcomes The primary outcome is hospitalization or death within 30 days of the ED visit. Secondary outcomes include health service use outcomes (ED visits and hospitalizations), healthcare costs, and HRQoL outcomes [Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores: PROMIS-Preference, Physical Function, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, Anxiety, and Depression]. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.Gov identifier NCT04115371
Highlight of the QCD Parallel Session

I will give a review with some comments of the parallel session on QCD and the related talks in the Quark Matter'97 meeting.
Generation of camelina mid-oleic acid seed oil by identification and stacking of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants

Abstract Modifying oilseeds to obtain a desired fatty acid composition is often necessary to enable use as feedstocks for specific applications such as food processing, biofuels, or biolubricants. A mutant population of camelina (Camelina sativa), an emerging specialty oilseed crop, was screened by high-throughput gas chromatography for lines with altered seed oil fatty acid composition. By leveraging knowledge of fatty acid synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, mutations in orthologs of FATTY ACID ELONGASE1 (FAE1), FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2), FATTY ACID DESATURASE3 (FAD3), and β-KETO-ACYL-ACP SYNTHASE II (KASII; FAB1) were identified. The mutations altered conserved amino acid residues in the encoded proteins. The ability of the mutations in FAE1, FAD2 and FAD3 to affect enzyme function was demonstrated by comparing in vivo activities of wild-type and mutant alleles in yeast. In addition, expression of wild-type cDNA in camelina complemented fatty acid phenotypes of these mutants. As camelina has a hexaploid genome, the effect of a mutation in one of the three homeologs for each gene resulted in no or less severe growth phenotypes compared to similar mutations in Arabidopsis. Mid-oleic oils with nearly 40 % oleic acid and reduced very long-chain (≤C20) fatty acid content were obtained by crossing to obtain a fae1c/fad2a/fae1a/fad3a quadruple mutant. Little effect on total seed oil content was observed in the stacked mutant line. The resulting mid-oleic acid oil had improved oxidative stability due to reductions in polyunsaturated fatty acid content, increasing its utility for biofuels and other applications.
Leading with Meaning: Why Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Matters in US Higher Education.

In Academic Leadership and Governance of Higher Education, Hendrickson, Lane, Harris, and Dorman (2013) argue that institutional decisions, adaptations, and activities of successful academic leaders need to be mission and value-focused. Academic institutions value autonomy and expertise in decision-making, which necessitates that academic leaders “create and foster democratic partnerships with myriad constituents” (Hendrickson et al., 2013: 2) and organize their activities around a shared vision based on institutional mission and values. In this paper, I review some recent research findings that demonstrate the need to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in U. S. higher education contexts as educators work to transform students into responsible citizens. These findings highlight the need for academic leaders to consider how to best embody the mission and vision of their institutions as they frame diversity issues for the campus community, with a few additional considerations specific to religiously affiliated institutions.
I’ve known rivers: a journey through the academy in search of my language, voice and power

This article examines the trajectory of a research programme focused on Black women’s language through the lived experiences of the investigator. Using rivers as a metaphor to structure the account, the article mines key incidents in the researcher’s life that have shaped her understanding of and approach to analysing Black women’s discourse. Cet article examine la trajectoire d’un programme de recherche axe sur le langage des femmes noires a travers les experiences vecues de l’enqueteur. Utilisant les rivieres comme metaphore pour structurer le recit, l’article explore des incidents cles dans la vie de la chercheuse qui ont faconne sa comprehension et son approche de l’analyse du discours des femmes noires.
Durability of anti-Spike antibodies in the infant after maternal COVID-19 vaccination

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy generates functional anti-Spike IgG antibodies that are known to cross the placenta. However, the durability of vaccine-induced maternal anti-S IgG in infant circulation, and how it compares to durability of antibody from maternal natural infection, is unknown. We quantified anti-S IgG in 92 2-month and 6-month-old infants whose mothers were vaccinated in pregnancy, and in 12 6-month-old infants after maternal natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. In the vaccinated group, 94% (58/62) of infants had detectable anti-S IgG at 2 months, and 60% (18/30) had detectable antibody at 6 months. In contrast, 8% (1/12) of infants born to women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy had detectable anti-S IgG at the 6-month timepoint. Vaccination resulted in significantly higher maternal and cord titers at delivery and significantly greater antibody persistence in infants at 6 months, compared to natural infection.
The failure of rock beams: Part II—Experimental studies

Abstract Complete force-displacement curves characterizing the collapse process of plexiglas and rock beams were experimentally obtained in a closed-loop programmable testing system with an appropriate choice of feedback signal. A comparison was made of the experimental observations and theoretical predictions (based on the method outlined in Part I) for the specific testing situation. The basic validity of the theoretical method was established from the shape of the curves, the displacement values, local beam-unloading moduli values and crack-length measurements.
A Mycobacterium avium PPE gene is associated with the ability of the bacterium to grow in macrophages and virulence in mice.

Summary PPE and PE gene families, which encode numerous proteins of unknown function, account for 10% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Mycobacterium avium genome has similar PPE and PE gene families. Using a temperature-sensitive phage phAE94 transposon mutagenesis system, a M. avium transposon library was created in the strain MAC109. Screening of individual mutants in human U937 macrophages for the ability to replicate intracellularly, we identified several attenuated clones. One of them, the 2D6 mutant, has a transposon interrupting a PPE gene (52% homologous to Rv 1787 in M. tuberculosis) was identified. The mutant and the wild-type strain had comparable ability to enter macrophages. Challenge of mice with the 2D6 mutant resulted in approximately 1 log and 2 log fewer bacteria in the spleen, at 1 and 3 weeks after infection, compared with the wild-type bacterium. The 2D6 mutant grows like the wild-type bacterium in vitro. Vacuoles containing the 2D6 mutant acidified to pH 4.8; whereas, vacuoles containing wild-type bacterium were only slightly acidic. It was also observed that, in contrast to the wild-type bacterium, the 2D6 mutant did not prevent phagosome–lysosome fusion, and it is only expressed within macrophage but not in 7H9 broth. These results revealed a role for this PPE gene in the growth of M. avium in macrophages and in virulence in mice.
Chikungunya viral arthritis in the United States: a mimic of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that spread to the Caribbean in 2013 and to the US in 2014. CHIKV-infected patients develop inflammatory arthritis that can persist for months or years, but little is known about the rheumatologic and immunologic features of CHIKV-related arthritis in humans, particularly as compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to describe these features in a group of 10 American travelers who were nearly simultaneously infected while visiting Haiti in June 2014. Methods Patient history was obtained and physical examination and laboratory tests were performed. All patients with CHIKV-related arthritis had detectable levels of anti-CHIKV IgG. Using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells in CHIKV-infected patients, healthy controls, and patients with untreated, active RA. Results Among 10 CHIKV-infected individuals, 8 developed persistent symmetric polyarthritis that met the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 criteria for (seronegative) RA. CyTOF analysis revealed that RA and CHIKV-infected patients had greater percentages of activated and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than healthy controls. Conclusion In addition to similar clinical features, patients with CHIKV infection and patients with RA develop very similar peripheral T cell phenotypes. These overlapping clinical and immunologic features highlight a need for rheumatologists to consider CHIKV infection when evaluating patients with new, symmetric polyarthritis.
Ethnography as Precarious Work

Reflecting on a carnal ethnography of the fashion modeling market, I consider the analytic gains from observant participation and experimentation with the sociologist's body as a participant in a c...
Denjoy's theorem with exponents

If X is the (unique) minimal set for a C1+α diffeomorphism of the circle without periodic orbits, 0 < α < 1, then the upper box dimension of X is at least α. The method of proof is to introduce the exponent α into the proof of Denjoy’s theorem.
Absorption of Light by Colloids in Alkali Halide Crystals

The thermal transformation of $F$ centers into colloid has been observed in NaCl. The transformation occurs with constant integrated absorption cross section. The shape of the band depends upon the temperature at which the colloid is formed. A theory of the colloid band based upon the free electron model of the alkali metal and Mie's theory of the absorption of light by conducting spheres is presented. The theory makes assertions concerning the integrated absorption, maximum absorption, band width, and band position which are compared with experiment.
Adverse effects of preoperative steroid use on surgical outcomes

Abstract Background Preoperative steroid use has been associated with increased postoperative complications. We sought to establish these risks using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Methods NSQIP public use files from 2005 to 2008 were analyzed for preoperative steroid use and postoperative adverse events. Results Of 635,265 patients identified, 20,434 (3.2%) used steroids preoperatively. Superficial surgical site infections (SSI) increased from 2.9% to 5% using steroids (odds ratio, 1.724). Deep SSIs increased from .8% to 1.8% (odds ratio, 2.353). Organ/space SSIs and dehiscence increased 2 to 3-fold with steroid use (odds ratios, 2.469 and 3.338, respectively). Mortality increased almost 4-fold (1.6% to 6.0%; odds ratio, 3.920). All results were significant (P Conclusions Previous concerns related to surgical risks in patients on chronic steroid regimens appear valid. These results may assist in counceling patients regarding the increased risk of surgery. They may also help the surgeon plan and modify the procedure if possible.
In vitro interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages from chickens infected with either Eimeria maxima or Eimeria tenella

Abstract Byrnes S. , Baton R. and Kogut M. 1993. In vitro interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages from chickens infected with either Eimeria maxima or Eimeria tenella . International Journal for Parasitology 23 : 639–645. We measured the in vitro production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) by macrophages from chickens during and immediately following an infection with one of two different species of Eimeria , E. maxima and E. tenella . Quantitatively, the amounts of IL-1 produced during each infection were nearly identical regardless of the oocyst dose of each parasite. TNF production followed a biphasic pattern of increased production with the first peak associated with the pathogenesis of disease and the second peak associated with the development of protective immunity. These experiments together with others we have reported imply cells taken from chickens infected with coccidia have a greater capacity to produce cytokines upon stimulation in vitro than cells from non-infected birds. The production of significantly greater amounts of TNF during the days 3–6 after inoculation correlates with the appearance of the most characteristic local and systemic pathophysiological changes in the host induced by the coccidia. The excessive release of TNF in response to a heavy coccidial infection may account for many of the pathological features observed with avian coccidiosis probably through the release of other mediators.
Vibrational relaxation of linear molecules in a nozzle expansion

Abstract Vibrational relaxation in a supersonic nozzle expansion has been investigated for the case of linear molecules seeded in argon, expanded through a 25 μm diameter aperture. Electric resonance spectroscopy was used to obtain vibrational temperatures for 13 different vibrational states in OCS, HCN, and cyanoacetylene. No significant vibrational cooling was observed for modes with vibrational frequencies greater than 500 cm−1.
Human leukocyte integrin CD18 promoter directs low levels of expression of a mutated human CD4 reporter gene in leukocytes of transgenic mice.

Abstract The human leukocyte integrin CD18 molecule exists on the leukocyte surface in heterodimeric complexes with individual CD11 subunits, which mediate important leukocyte adhesion reactions. The CD18 subunit is developmentally regulated with the highest levels present on mature leukocytes of all lineages. To identify the regulatory sequences responsible for the tissue- and stage-specific expression of the CD18 subunit, we used 3.5 kb of regulatory sequence upstream from the human CD18 gene transcription start site to drive expression of a modified human CD4 reporter gene in transgenic mice. Despite the inclusion of Sp1 and PU.1 sites in the construct, and the generation of founder lines possessing multiple copies of the transgene, the reporter gene was expressed in low levels in the leukocytes of the transgenic mice. These studies indicate that although PU.1 and Sp1 sites are required for CD18 promoter activity in vitro, additional regulatory regions appear to be required for high levels of copy number dependent expression in vivo.
Diameter Measurement in Bald Cypress

Abstract The usual practice of measuring diameter at 4.5 feet (1.3 m) or D bh is meaningless in wetland tree species such as bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.), due to the presence of fluted basal swells. Since buttress dimensions usually have no consistent relation to volume or form in the tree, the current practice among life-sciences professionals is to measure stem diameter 18 in (50 cm) above ‘pronounced’ butt swelling. This measure is termed normal diameter ( D n ). This paper contrasts the use of six fixed-height diameter-measurement points ranging from 6 ft (1.8 m) to 11 ft (3.4 m) against D n (a variable-height measurement point) for predicting cubic volume. Results show an increase in precision using the upper five fixed-height measurements over D n and a considerable increase in precision using diameter measured at 10 ft (3.0 m) and 11 ft (3.4 m). Since results improved only slightly using diameter measured at 11 ft (3.4 m) over 10 ft (3.0 m), diameter at 10 ft ( D 10 ) is recommended as a better alternative than D n for working with cypress.