cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety-Based Volume Warrants for Right-Turn Lanes at Unsignalized Intersections and Driveways on Two-Lane Roadways

AbstractSafety-based volume warrants for right-turn lanes (RTLs) at uncontrolled major-road approaches to intersections and driveways on two-lane roadways were developed based on traffic crash and conflict analyses. Crash analysis was carried out based on statewide historical data of traffic crashes reported on Minnesota’s two-lane trunk highways. Conflict analysis was carried out using field data and twelve individual VISSIM models involving 350 scenarios to simulate the conflicts caused by right turns for a wide range of conditions. Each scenario involved twenty simulation runs, and each run used a different random seed. Model calibrations involved replication of spot-speed and time-headway distributions observed at field, whereas the model validations involved comparisons between simulated and observed conflicts. Crash-conflict relationships were developed in terms of crash-conflict ratios (CCRs) and crash estimation factors (CEFs). The estimated mean CCRs were 1.413×10−6 and 0.496×10−6 at approaches w...
Evolution of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Its Impact on Surgical Residency Training

As minimally invasive surgery is a key component in surgical residency training, it is very important to understand how a good training curriculum can be developed. This chapter provides insight into the development of resident education guidelines for basic and advanced laparoscopy. It also gives objective metrics to measure progress during training and to assess the skill level of each trainee.
Glucocorticoids reduced short-term treatment failure in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Source Citation Niewoehner DE, Erbland ML, Deupree RH, et al., for the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group. Effect of systemic glucocortocoids on exacerbations of chronic obstruc...
Design and evaluation of data access strategies in a high performance multimedia-on-demand server

One of the key components of a multi user multimedia on demand system is the data server. Digitization of traditionally analog data such as video and audio, and the feasibility of obtaining network bandwidths above the gigabit per second range are two important advances that have made possible the realization, in the near future, of interactive distributed multimedia systems. Secondary-to-main memory I/O technology has not kept pace with advances in networking, main memory and CPU processing power. Consequently, the performance of the server has a direct bearing on the overall performance of such a system. We develop a model for the architecture of a server for such a system. Parallelism of data retrieval is achieved by striping the data across multiple disks. The performance of any server ultimately depends on the data access patterns. Two modifications of the basic retrieval algorithm are presented to exploit data access patterns in order to improve system throughput and response time. A complementary information caching optimization is discussed. Finally, we present performance results of these algorithms on the IBM SP1 and Intel Paragon parallel computers.
The possibility of alternative microbial life on Earth

Despite its amazing morphological diversity, life as we know it on Earth today is remarkably similar in its basic molecular architecture and biochemistry. The assumption that all life on Earth today shares these molecular and biochemical features is part of the paradigm of modern biology. This paper examines the possibility that this assumption is false, more specifically, that the contemporary Earth contains as yet unrecognized alternative forms of microbial life. The possibility that more than one form of life arose on Earth is consistent with our current understanding of conditions on the early Earth and the biochemical and molecular possibilities for life. Arguments that microbial descendents of an alternative origin of life could not co-exist with familiar life are belied by what we know of the complexity and diversity of microbial communities. Furthermore, the tools that are currently used to explore the microbial world – microscopy (with the aid of techniques such as DAPI staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization), cultivation and PCR amplification of rRNA genes – could not detect such organisms if they existed. Thus, the fact that we have not discovered any alternative life forms cannot be taken as evidence that they do not exist.
eClinical trials: The future is now

Clinical trial conduct today requires improvements in efficiency, accuracy and subject safety. These benefits are available as the industry makes clinical trial process changes through Web-based technology.
Adaptive Management for Oil and Gas Development on Public Lands: An Innovative Approach to Resource Protection, or Symbolic Placation of Public Interests?

Energy development on public lands in the intermountain west is often contentious due to concerns over detrimental impacts to wildlife. To mitigate harm to ungulates and other species, federal agencies often utilize adaptive management, a structured decision-making framework predicated on “learning while doing.” But in the context of recent energy development, does adaptive management represent an innovative approach to conservation, or is it a largely symbolic policy used to contain the scope of conflict? This article, rooted in the agenda-setting literature, applies Sarah Pralle's (2006) framework to strategies of conflict containment used by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and industry in three contentious energy development projects in Wyoming. The findings indicate that the BLM's use of adaptive management can be understood as a strategy for conflict containment, rather than as a substantive policy change in public lands oil and gas development.
Electrically-driven retargeting for nanoscale layouts

Scaling into the nanometer regime with limited lithographic capabilities leads to printability issues during manufacturing. Retargeting has been previously identified as a cost-effective way to improve layout process window. However, existing approaches such as rule-based retargeting are not scalable, while proposed methods like model-based retargeting cannot be used on electrically critical structures. In this paper, we propose to perform electrically-aware modifications of the physical design to improve layout printability with minimum design perturbation. Results on sample 32nm layouts demonstrate that we can obtain required control over delay variability and yield resulting from lithographic variations with 2.7X lower wire delay perturbation compared to existing retargeting techniques.
Retrospective analysis of patency of covered versus bare stents in dialysis access at 6 months and 1 year: a tertiary academic center experience

Purpose Compare the primary, primary assisted and secondary patency rates of covered versus bare stents at 3 locations (venous anastomosis, outflow vein and central veins) in dialysis access at 6 months and 1 year. Materials and Methods The charts of all patients who underwent stent placement at our institution from January 2007 to December 2010 were reviewed in order to have a 1-year total follow-up for each patient. Demographics, indications for stent placement, site and type of stents, and follow up were recorded. A total of 190 patients were included in this study. Of these 190, 69 received a bare metal stent while the remaining 121 received a covered stent. A chart review was conducted for follow-up at 6 months and 1 year and primary, primary assisted and secondary patency at 6 months and 1 year for each of the locations mentioned above for both type of stents were calculated. Results Baseline characteristics were compared between the groups and demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the percentage of males between those who received a bare metal stent and a covered stent (68.1% versus 41.3%, p-value Conclusion Stent placement in dialysis access has poor patency rates compared to other sites. Although the covered stents have better patency rates compared to the non-covered stents at all locations, these were not found to be statistically significant at 6 months or 1 year.
Reconfiguration strategies in VLSI processor arrays

Reconfiguration strategies in VLSI processor arrays have been advocated in the recent literature as a means of achieving higher production yield and higher reliability. The authors present reconfiguration techniques for rectangular arrays that are generalizations of the Diogenes approach proposed earlier by A.L. Rosenberg (1983). These techniques overcome many of the limitations of the earlier Diogenes schemes. Two schemes for reconfiguring rectangular arrays are presented. The first scheme for reconfiguring an N*N rectangular array uses r additional rows and c additional columns. It guarantees reconfiguration as long there are at most c columns that have more than r faulty processors. The second scheme uses spare processors. It guarantees reconfiguration as long as there are enough spare processors, and in any window of N processors in a particular linearization there are at most k faulty processors, where k is a parameter of the design. >
Bladder voiding by combined high frequency electrical pudendal nerve block and sacral root stimulation.

Aims Uncoordinated contraction of the external urethral sphincter is prevalent in individuals with spinal cord injury and can prevent bladder voiding. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that complete and reversible sinusoidal high frequency alternating current (HFAC) conduction block of the pudendal nerves (PN) can eliminate external urethral sphincter activation and produce low residual bladder voiding. Methods In four cats, tripolar nerve cuff electrodes were implanted bilaterally on both pudendal nerves and on both extradural S2 roots. Bladder and urethral pressures, bladder volumes and flow were recorded. Bilateral HFAC was applied to determine voltage and frequency parameters resulting in bilateral PN conduction block. Sacral root stimulation provided bladder activation. Randomized sets of voiding trials were conducted with and without HFAC PN block. Additional voiding trials were conducted following bilateral PN neurotomy to eliminate somatic sphincter resistance and provide an estimate of voiding with complete block. Results Effective bilateral PN block and voiding was obtained in three of four animals. Application of bilateral PN HFAC stimulation improved voiding from 2 ± 4% to 77 ± 18% of the initial bladder volume and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced maximum bladder pressure during voiding. Voiding in trials with PN block was not significantly different from voiding following PN neurotomy (82 ± 19%, P = 0.51). Conclusions These results demonstrate that bilateral HFAC block of the PN can produce effective voiding. Neural prostheses using this approach may provide an alternative method for producing micturition for people with spinal cord injury. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:435–439, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Novel role for EKLF in megakaryocyte lineage commitment

Megakaryocytes and erythroid cells are thought to derive from a common progenitor during hematopoietic differentiation. Although a number of transcriptional regulators are important for this process, they do not explain the bipotential result. We now show by gain- and loss-of-function studies that erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF), a transcription factor whose role in erythroid gene regulation is well established, plays an unexpected directive role in the megakaryocyte lineage. EKLF inhibits the formation of megakaryocytes while at the same time stimulating erythroid differentiation. Quantitative examination of expression during hematopoiesis shows that, unlike genes whose presence is required for establishment of both lineages, EKLF is uniquely down-regulated in megakaryocytes after formation of the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor. Expression profiling and molecular analyses support these observations and suggest that megakaryocytic inhibition is achieved, at least in part, by EKLF repression of Fli-1 message levels.
Organizing for High Generativity: Unraveling the Nature of Internet-Based Generative Collectives

Analyzing generative group activities against the backdrop of an increasingly connected world, this paper develops the concept of generative collectives as a theoretical lens for explaining why som...
Do Wives Matter? Class Identities of Wives and Husbands in the United States, 1974–1994

Through analyses of data for the United States from 1974 to 1994, the authors examine the subjective class identities of married women and men and how these have changed over time. Over the last two decades, husbands and especially wives have increasingly factored in wives' characteristics in assessing their class position. Husbands attach more importance to their own than to their wives' characteristics, but consider some of their wives' characteristics in assigning themselves to a class. Wives weigh their own and their husbands' characteristics nearly equally. The findings challenge the conclusion of neo-Marxist researchers that information on husbands is sufficient to place wives and husbands into classes. Both class (e.g., ownership and authority) and status variables (e.g., income, occupational prestige, and education) need to be considered in understanding how American fix their class position
Whose Responsibility? The Politics of Sex Education Policy in the United States

Whose responsibility is it—that of the individual, society, or both—to meet the needs of citizens and to what degree, how, when, and why? This article investigates this set of inquiries by examining the ongoing debate over sex education in the United States between advocates for the abstinence-only and the comprehensive approaches, conveyed here through their curricula. The debate reflects a broader ideological struggle over how a democratic political community distributes moral responsibility. Personal responsibility is illustrated by abstinence-only curricula, whereas social responsibility is made evident in the comprehensive approach. These approaches establish a dualistic framework for understanding morality that marginalizes politics, deflecting attention away from the moral assumptions behind the gendered distribution of resources in a political community. Collective responsibility, this article argues, provides an alternative moral groundwork and inclusive conceptual perspective that brings politics and the power dynamics of the distributive function within a community into focus. From a collective perspective, the answer to the question “whose responsibility?” then shifts from either the individual or society to both at the same time.
Testing the Expectancy Disconfirmation Model of Citizen Satisfaction with Local Government

It is important for public administration researchers and practitioners to understand how citizens form satisfaction judgments regarding local government services. A prior study by Van Ryzin (2004) found strong support for an expectancy disconfirmation model of citizen satisfaction, which focuses on the gap between performance and expectations. This model has been tested for decades in studies of private sector customer satisfaction, yet it is little known and applied in the field of public administration. The present study seeks to replicate the Van Ryzin (2004) results, which were based on a telephone survey in New York City, using a nationwide sample and a much different survey methodology, namely, an online, self-administered survey of a national panel. In addition, this study tests the sensitivity of the results to two alternative measures of disconfirmation (or the gap between performance and expectations). Results using subtractive disconfirmation confirm the basic expectancy disconfirmation model, but results using perceived disconfirmation do not, calling into question the policy and management implications of the prior study. It is important for public administration researchers and practitioners to understand better the process citizens use to form overall satisfaction judgments about the quality of local government services. A previous study by Van Ryzin (2004), using data from a telephone survey in New York City, found strong support for an expectancy disconfirmation model of this process. This model has been developed conceptually and tested empirically for several decades in research on customer satisfaction with private sector goods and services (Anderson and Sullivan 1993; Bearden and Teel 1983; Cardozo 1965; Churchill and Suprenant 1982; Erevelles and Leavitt 1992; Oliver 1980, 1997; Tse and Wilton 1988; Yi 1990), yet it has not been applied before to citizen satisfaction with local government services. A growing number of local governments in the United States use citizen surveys to measure the outcomes of their service provision efforts and to obtain feedback from their ‘‘customers’’ (Hatry et al. 1992; Miller and Miller 1991a; Miller and Miller Kobayashi 2000; Webb and Hatry 1973). The International City/County Management Association (2002), the National Academy of Public Administration (1999), and the Government Accounting Standards Board (2005) all have recommended that local governments
Impact of socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical risk factors on mortality

This study investigates the relative contributions of socioeconomic status (SES), behavioral and clinical risk factors on mortality. The Third National Health and Nutrition Survey Linked Mortality File was used to examine the association of SES (race, insurance, education, income), behavioral (smoking, obesity, physical activity), and clinical (elevated blood pressure, triglyceride level, lipid levels, C-reactive protein (CRP)) risk factors with 6-12-year all-cause mortality. Respondents were stratified by known chronic diseases into one of the following categories: no chronic disease, non-cardiovascular chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The overall weighted mortality rate was 9.5% with the highest mortality rate among diabetics. Race, insurance coverage, income, smoking status, inadequate physical activity, elevated blood pressure and elevated CRP were independently associated with mortality in the overall population. When stratified by chronic disease, SES factors remained associated with mortality, most strongly in the healthy population. Current smoking and inadequate physical activity were also associated with mortality across disease groups while clinical risk factors were less consistent. SES factors, health behaviors and clinical risk factors were all associated with mortality even when baseline health status and chronic diseases are taken into account. Efforts to reduce mortality will require a multi-faceted approach incorporating healthy behaviors and accessible health care systems in addition to clinical advances.
Relative homology and representation theory 1

(1993). Relative homology and representation theory III. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 21, No. 9, pp. 3081-3097.
Vibrational Communication Between the Sexes in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

We examined the substrate-borne vibrational signals used in communication between the sexes in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a vector of huanglongbing (an economically devastating disease of citrus), in an anechoic chamber and an olfactometer. Males and females both primarily produced simple, low-amplitude vibrational signals at multiples of 170-250 Hz, ranging in duration from 140 to 700 ms. The vibrational frequencies of males and females were negatively correlated with mass, but the correlation was statistically significant only for males. Females replied to male calls within an interval of 0.3-1.2 s. Such signals are within the ranges of signals observed for other psyllids. Female-female interactions were occasionally observed. Intervals between male calls were not significantly different whether or not females replied. In an olfactometer, calling rate did not differ between virgin males exposed to odors from virgin females on citrus versus those exposed only to clean air. However, the latent period for initialization of calling was significantly shorter for males exposed to clean air, suggesting that in the absence of olfactory cues psyllids might be more inclined to use acoustic signals to communicate with conspecifics. Moreover, calling rate and latency to initialization of calling were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with male age, suggesting that males are more likely to call the longer they remain unmated.
Functional Regression: A New Model and Approach for Predicting Market Penetration of New Products

The Bass (1969) model has been a standard for analyzing and predicting the market penetration of new products. The authors demonstrate the insights to be gained and predictive performance of Functional Data Analysis (FDA), a new class of non-parametric techniques that has shown impressive results within the statistics community, on the market penetration of 760 products drawn from 21 products and 70 countries. The authors propose a new model called Functional Regression and compare its performance to over several models including the Classic Bass model, estimated means, last-observation projection, a meta-Bass model and an augmented meta-Bass model for predicting eight aspects of market penetration. Results a) validate the logic of FDA in integrating information across categories b) show that Functional Regression is superior to the above models and c) product specific effects are more important than country-specific effects when predicting penetration of an evolving new product.
Anarchism, the State and the Role of Education

Education has played a particularly important role in the history of anarchist thought and practice, perhaps more so than any other political philosophy aimed at social transformation. This is in part because, for anarchists of all stripes, education has never been simply a means to achieve a new social order. It has been, rather, part of the very practice and prefiguration of the anarchist ideal of creating freer and more critical minds, and more open, cooperative and non-oppressive relationships within society. As a result, understanding the peculiar nature of the role of education for anarchism can help us better understand the relationship between anarchist educational theory and its relatives in the broader circles of "libertarian" or "radical" education. It can also help us underscore the tremendous differences between the anarchist conception of education and that of historical and contemporary statist and capitalist pedagogies. Finally, a greater understanding of the role of education within anarchist theory can help us clarify the means, aims and ideas of the wider anarchist movement and tradition. This paper seeks to elaborate on these topics.
Mantegna's Parnassus a Reply to Some Recent Reflections1

In giving an account of my interpretation of Mantegna's Parnassus2 Mrs. Tietze has tried her hand at a craft with which the readers of this journal are not unfamiliar. She has engaged in a little restoration. The gaiety which I ascribed to this subtle painting has been heightened by a baleful touch. In Homer, the love of Mars and Venus and the derision of Vulcan are associated with the laughter of the gods. Hence, to discern an echo of Homeric laughter in a representation of these scenes was not a very revolutionary theory; but in Mrs. Tietze's adaptation it has acquired the double attraction of being far-fetched and morally reprehensible.
On Phenomenological Explanation

Phenomenology is to be a science of phenomena conceived to function as transcendental criticism. It is intended to elucidate the bases of scientific thought - the very fact that cognition is cognition of something given, is empirical cognition; then the nature of what is taken as given by the sciences; and the inner structure of the evidence for what is taken as given. But just exactly what is to count as phenomenological elucidation? Is it to be a simple presup-positionless, metaphysic-free intuition into the ultimate data of knowledge, achieved by a neutralizing of the theoretical sediment through which a theoretically committed mind approaches them? Or, on the contrary, is it to be a metaphysically idealist explanation of how the data of cognition originate out of transcendental constitutive consciousness, on the one hand, and out of the pretheoretical data of the Lebenswelt, the world of life, on the other hand? Is phenomenological elucidation intuition, or is it explanation?
Correlation of sperm-bound immunoglobulins with impaired semen analysis in infertile men with varicoceles

Sperm-bound immunoglobulins were found in 27 (32%) of 84 infertile men with palpable varicoceles. These men were divided into two groups based on the presence (group I; 32%) or absence (group II; 68%) of sperm-bound immunoglobulins, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating antisperm antibodies were identified in 52% of patients with sperm-bound immunoglobulins and 14% of group II patients. The presence of sperm-bound immunoglobulins was associated with a small but significant decrease in both sperm concentration and motility. Sperm-bound immunoglobulins are present in a greater percentage of infertile men with varicoceles than infertile men without varicoceles. Their presence may be a marker for damage to the seminiferous epithelia in men with varicoceles and may also contribute to varicocele-associated infertility.
Assessment of hygienic status of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

Objective To assess the hygienic status of the central air conditioning ventilation system in public places by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Methods According to the comprehensive evaluation method of public place( WS/T 199—2001),a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluate central air conditioning ventilation systems in 15 large public places of Jinhua City. Results The qualified rate of central air ventilation system was 53. 30%,and the qualified rates of total number of bacteria,the fungi,β- hemolytic streptococcus in air blow and Legionella bacteria in the cooling water all reached 100. 00%. At the same time,the qualified rate of bacteria,fungi and dust volume in internal surface of pipe were 93. 33%,86. 67% and 80. 00% respectively. The qualified rate of PM10 was 86. 67%.Among 15 central air conditioning ventilation systems,13 systems were evaluated as level Ⅰ,and the other two was as level Ⅱand Ⅳ respectively. TAAlso,14 evaluated units got the fuzzy comprehensive indexes of central air ventilation less than 0. 5. Conclusion The hygiene status of central air conditioning ventilation system in Jinhua is acceptable,and the management of hygiene quality should be strengthened.
Depression: impact and management by the patient and family.

Article abstract-Prodromal personality features possibly presaging PD include excessive introversion, punctuality, and inflexibility. Neurobehavioral symptoms of PD that might complicate recognition and treatment of depression include loss of initiative, social withdrawal, excessive dependency indecisiveness, fatigue, apprehension about new challenges, and agoraphobia. In connection with this last feature, PD patients should be encouraged to venture out of the house because the extrapyramidal motor system, which is compromised in PD, takes over in a relaxed, familiar setting. Thus, Parkinson patients tend to have more symptoms at home than away from home. The deteriorating cognitive function which may occur in some PD patients may exacerbate social withdrawal and certain fears. Features of major depression in parkinsonian depression parallel those of the uncomplicated variety, but loss of appetite/weight and sleep disturbances may be more severe in parkinsonian depression. Serotonin depletion probably underlies the pathophysiology of this condition, in that cerebrospinal-fluid levels of serotonin's terminal metabolite decline to a greater extent in parkinsonian depression than in uncomplicated PD. After establishing the severity of depression, the clinician can contemplate several management approaches: in addition to group psychotherapy, antidepressants (after discontinuation of selegiline to avoid adverse events), particularly tricyclic antidepressants with low anticholinergic action (i.e., low potential for confusion) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be administered. Depressive symptoms during off periods (i.e., at nadirs of drug levels) may be relatively intractable and warrant patient and family education. Finally, electroconvulsive and light therapy represent appropriate therapeutic modalities for selected patients.
McTaggart’s Paradox

Undoubtedly the most celebrated argument against an A-Theory of time is the attempt by the British idealist J. M. E. McTaggart to demonstrate that an Aseries of events is self-contradictory or leads to a vicious infinite regress of A-theoretic determinations.1 Indeed, Richard Gale has remarked that “If one looks carefully enough into the multitudinous writings on time by analysts, one can detect a common underlying problem, that being that almost all of them were attempting to answer McTaggart’s paradox.”2 Although McTaggart himself regarded his demonstration as a proof that time does not exist, certain contemporary B-theorists employ versions of his argument to prove the unreality of tense and temporal becoming, which, they claim, are not essential to time. Let us begin with McTaggart’s own statement of the argument.
The Language of Children

The language of young children is systematically constructed on certain basic principles. Various stages in language development are detailed. Since language is a distinct and consistent output from a characteristic form of mental organization, it may provide insight into other kinds of mental operations.
Mulberry cells in the thyroid: warthin–finkeldey‐like cells in hashimoto thyroiditis‐associated lymphoma

Warthin-Finkeldey type giant cells were first described in autopsies performed on young children who died during the highly lethal measles epidemic in Palermo during the winter of 1908. The cells had 8-15 nuclei without identifiable cytoplasm within the germinal centers of lymphoid organs resembling megakaryocytes. We describe a case of Hashimoto thyroiditis with an enlarging substernal throid mass. The resection specimen contained many Warthin-Finkeldey-Like Cells (WFLC) in an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT type) with focal transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The WFLC showed nuclear features similar to those of neighboring follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), favoring the hypothesis that these cells might be the product of fusion of FDCs. This is supported by immunostaining results and the occurrence of similar cells in follicular dendritic cell sarcomas and in "dysplastic" FDCs in hyaline vascular type Castleman disease, a possible precursor of follicular dendritic cell tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:212-216. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intravenous enalaprilat for treatment of acute hypertensive heart failure in the emergency department

Afterload reduction with bolus enalaprilat is used by some for management of acute hypertensive heart failure (HF) but existing data on the safety and effectiveness of this practice are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of bolus enalaprilat when administered to patients with acute hypertensive heart failure. We performed an IRB-approved retrospective cohort study of patients who presented to the emergency department of a large urban academic hospital. Patients were identified by pharmacy record and included if they received enalaprilat intravenous (IV) bolus in the setting of acute hypertensive HF. A total of 103 patients were included. Patients were hypertensive on presentation (systolic blood pressure [SBP] = 195.2 [SD ± 32.3] mmHg) with significantly elevated mean NT-proBNP levels (3797.8 [SD ± 6523.2] pg/ml). The mean dose of enalaprilat was 1.3 [SD ± 0.7] mg, with most patients (76.7%) receiving a single 1.25 mg bolus. By 3 h post­enalaprilat, SBP had decreased substantially (−30.5 mmHg) with only 2 patients (1.9%) developing hypotension. Renal function was unaffected, with no significant change in serum creatinine by 72 h. In the 30 days post-admission, patients spent an average of 23 [SD ± 7.5] days alive and out of hospital. In this retrospective cohort of acute hypertensive HF patients, bolus IV enalaprilat resulted in a substantial reduction in systolic BP without adverse effect.
Ethical Rule Breaking by Employees: A Test of Social Bonding Theory

As employees continue to lie, cheat, and steal from their employers, researchers have tried to help managers understand and possibly predict such deviant behavior. This study considers the specific employee misconduct of ethical rule breaking. Hirschi (1969) suggested that deviant behavior can be better understood by social bonding theory. The social bonding model includes four elements; attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. It is proposed that Hirschi's social bonding theory can be used to understand ethical rule breaking by employees. Using a sample of 200 employees, the results indicate that the social bonding elements of attachment and involvement can be used to better understand the reported likelihood of ethical rule breaking of employees. Recommendations for better applying the social bonding model to ethical rule breaking are suggested.
Transverse mobility of pelvic kidney causing left lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Abstract A case of May-Thurner-like syndrome was found to be a result of a pelvic kidney compressing the left common iliac vein. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated transverse mobility of the pelvic kidney which has not been described previously. The ectopic kidney’s mobility resulted in intermittent venous compression. In a patient with recurrent lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and a pelvic kidney, the possibility of movement of the kidney resulting in venous compression needs to be considered.
Salesperson Solution Involvement and Sales Performance: The Contingent Role of Supplier Firm and Customer–Supplier Relationship Characteristics

AbstractSalespeople play a crucial role in their firms’ efforts to provide customer solutions. However, little research has examined how salesperson involvement in customer solutions can be conceptualized, whether it pays off, and what boundary conditions might heighten its performance effects. This study addresses these gaps and offers a conceptualization of salesperson solution involvement by focusing on the set of salesperson-related activities that enact the four relational processes inherent in customer solutions. The authors collect a unique data set that includes a wide range of firms, industries, and countries, as well as the perspectives of both salespeople and customers, across five studies. Results validate the stability of the conceptualization across contexts. They also reveal that salesperson solution involvement is systematically related to increases in both subjective and objective, time-lagged measures of sales performance. Finally, results show that the performance effects of salesperson...
Mindfulness Introduction: From Mind Full to Mindful

This chapter aims to clarify what mindfulness meditation is, and to introduce the emerging field of Mindfulness Neuroscience, which can help individuals better understand the brain mechanisms underlying mindfulness and other mental states. This chapter will also point out the methodological challenges in the mindfulness field and the possible solutions to these challenges.
Transsphenoidal Surgery for Recurrent Pituitary Disease

Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the preferred approach for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. It provides direct access to the sella without brain retraction, and remains the most commonly used approach for pituitary adenoma resection. Even in the hands of experienced surgeons, however, recurrent pituitary disease is seen in approximately 20% of the patients. Repeat surgery remains a viable option for many recurrent pituitary adenomas, especially in the presence of neurologic deficits due to mass effect on the optic nerve/chiasm and normal pituitary gland. In this chapter, we review technical considerations and the data pertaining to surgical outcomes following the transsphenoidal approach for recurrent pituitary disease.
Characterization of the Inflammatory Response in Dystrophic Muscle Using Flow Cytometry

Although mutations of the dystrophin gene are the causative defect in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, secondary disease processes such as inflammation contribute greatly to the pathogenesis of DMD. Genetic and histological studies have shown that distinct facets of the immune system promote muscle degeneration or regeneration during muscular dystrophy through mechanisms that are only beginning to be defined. Although histological methods have allowed the enumeration and localization of immune cells within dystrophic muscle, they are limited in their ability to assess the full spectrum of phenotypic states of an immune cell population and its functional characteristics. This chapter highlights flow cytometry methods for the isolation and functional study of immune cell populations from muscle of the mdx mouse model of DMD. We include a detailed description of preparing single-cell suspensions of dystrophic muscle that maintain the integrity of cell-surface markers used to identify macrophages, eosinophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, and regulatory T cells. This method complements the battery of histological assays that are currently used to study the role of inflammation in muscular dystrophy, and provides a platform capable of being integrated with multiple downstream methodologies for the mechanistic study of immunity in muscle degenerative diseases.
The Customer Is Always Right: Determinants and Outcomes of Consumer Value Co-Destruction: An Abstract

Common wisdom acknowledges that the customer is not always right. Consumers may seem disinclined to follow organizational rules and norms that prescribe compliance during a service encounter (e.g., Fisk et al., 2010). This notion of consumer misbehavior is evident in the value co-creation literature in which certain behaviors, such as consumer participation, may result in undesired consequences. However, only a few studies have fully examined the opposite possibility of value co-creation and value co-destruction (VCD). There has been scant research on VCD, especially within the realm of professional services, and few have only hinted at the notion of co-creating efforts leading to negative value. Therefore, this research puts forth a conceptual model of the VCD process, in which resource disintegration is a key component to value not being realized in the dyad. Specifically, this paper focuses on the consumers’ role in VCD and offers propositions in which factors or characteristics encourage consumers to behave badly in a service encounter. Contributions and future research are discussed.
The Decision Making Process

Decision making can be regarded as a process which results in the selection of a course of action from among several alternative courses of action. Every decision making process produces a final choice, or decision.
Creation and Implementation of a Taxonomy for Educational Activities: A Common Vocabulary to Guide Curriculum Mapping.

Problem Undergraduate medical education (UME) has trended toward outcomes-based education, unveiling new issues for UME program organization and leadership. Using a common language for categorizing and linking all program components is essential. The Emory Curriculum Alignment Taxonomy (ECAT) was designed as a common vocabulary for curriculum mapping in the outcomes-based environment of the Emory University School of Medicine. Approach The ECAT, developed in 2016, uses a set of 291 controlled identifiers, or "tags," to describe every educational activity's content, instruction, assessment, and outcomes, and thereby to align teaching inputs with student outcomes. Tags were drawn from external frameworks or developed by local stakeholders. A key feature is the arrangement of tags into eight categories, with the aim of balancing specificity and parsimony. Tags from multiple categories can be combined using Boolean operators to search for specific topics across the curriculum. Outcomes In 2016-2017, all educational activities were tagged, including classroom events, workplace learning, mentored research, and student assessments. Tagging was done by two assistant deans and course/clerkship directors, which reinforced the importance of aligning instruction with assessment and aligning both of these with student outcomes. Next steps Using the ECAT tags has linked instruction with achievement of student outcomes, has shown the compromises between specificity and parsimony were workable, and has facilitated comprehensive program management and evaluation. As the ECAT tags can be modified, other programs could adapt this approach to suit their context. Next steps will include aggregating data into a centralized repository to support reporting and research.
Differential effects of single versus repeated minocycline administration—Lack of significant interaction with chronic alcohol history

Abstract Neuroimmune cytokines are increased with alcohol withdrawal and may mediate clinical responses associated with alcoholism. Because minocycline regulates the level of cytokines, it has been suggested as a therapeutic for disorders associated with alcohol. Male Wistar rats were exposed to chronic intermittent alcohol (CIA) comprising three 5-day cycles of ethanol liquid diet separated by 2 days of withdrawal. Rats were tested on social interaction, a measure of anxiety-like behavior, followed immediately by collection of amygdala tissue to measure CCL2 and TNFα or collection of the blood to measure corticosterone (CORT). One group received a single minocycline injection 3 h into the final CIA withdrawal and was tested 2 h later. A second group received injections during each of the three withdrawals and was similarly tested during the final acute withdrawal. A third group received a single injection at 23 h into withdrawal (extended withdrawal) and was tested 6 h later. Results showed that CIA withdrawal increased anxiety-like behavior. A single injection of minocycline during the final acute withdrawal increased anxiety-like behavior in rats that consumed liquid diet with or without alcohol, but this effect disappeared with repeated injections of minocycline. Differences in alcohol intake, blood alcohol level, and plasma CORT levels did not explain results. Only repeated injections of minocycline decreased TNFα mRNA levels in rats that consumed liquid diet with or without alcohol. When a single injection of minocycline was given during extended withdrawal, it decreased CCL2 mRNA levels, but did not reverse the elevation of CCL2 protein. These results suggest that minocycline has actions in brain and on behavior, but minocycline does not significantly impact these actions in relation to alcohol withdrawal.
Abstract 5056: HPV, HIV and male gender as major risk factors for anal neoplastic transformation in African Americans

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infectious agent. The incidence HPV-related anal cancers increased among HIV infected people. Aim: To assess risk factors of anal lesions among African Americans in an inner city hospital. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 370 African-Americans with anal lesions at Howard University Hospital from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2015. Demographic, clinical and pathological data including; HPV, HIV, HCV (hepatitis C virus), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Student9s t-test. Results: 276 (75%) patients were male, with median age of 44 years and BMI of 25.8 kg/m2. The frequency of condyloma, high grade dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma was 191 (52%), 26 (7%), 31 (8%) and 8 (2%), respectively. The frequency of HPV, HIV, and HCV was 231 (68%), 147 (43%) and 42 (12%), respectively. HPV and HIV were risk factors for condyloma and dysplasia (P Citation Format: Hassan Brim, Ali Afsari, Nazli Atefi, Nicole Retland, Muneer Abbas, Tammey Naab, Babak Shokrani, Adeyinka O. Laiyemo, Edward L. Lee, Seyed M. Nouraie, Hassan Ashktorab. HPV, HIV and male gender as major risk factors for anal neoplastic transformation in African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5056.
Da capital para o interior: a jornada de uma mulher dentro das margens do Império Colonial Português

Nos anos 40 e 50 do seculo XX, no contexto do Estado Novo em Portugal, a Agencia Geral do Ultramar continua a promover o Concurso de Literatura Colonial com o objectivo de, por meio da literatura, despertar o espirito dos portugueses em relacao as colonias africanas. Em 1951, o juri atribui “por unanimidade o segundo premio da 1a categoria” do XXV Concurso de Literatura Colonial a Marcia Ramos Ivens Ferraz com a obra Sozinha no Mato. Este artigo tem como objectivo, na senda dos estudos que se tem debrucado sobre a escrita feminina portuguesa no sentido de a problematizar e tira-la do esquecimento, trazer a publico uma obra e autora tambem elas esquecidas, contribuindo, assim, para um mais vasto (re)conhecimento da escrita feminina, mais especificamente, colonial, em Portugal durante a decada de cinquenta. Propoe-se, atraves da obra de Marcia Ferraz, problematizar relacoes de genero e raca no Mocambique colonial.
Assessment of Altered Cholesterol Homeostasis by Xenobiotics Using Ultra‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cholesterol and cholesterol-derived oxysterols are critical for embryonic development, synapse formation and function, and myelination, among other biological functions. Indeed, alterations in levels of cholesterol, sterol precursors, and oxysterols result in a variety of developmental disorders, emphasizing the importance of cholesterol homeostasis. The ability of xenobiotics to reproduce similar phenotypes by altering cholesterol homeostasis has increasingly become of interest. Therefore, the ability to quantitatively assess alterations in cholesterol homeostasis resulting from exposure to xenobiotics is of value. This unit describes methods for the quantitative assessment of altered post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis and subsequent oxysterol formation in various sample types using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Understanding alterations in cholesterol homeostasis resulting from xenobiotic exposure can provide key insight into the toxicant's mechanism of action and resulting phenotype. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Are commonly used metrics of bird song complexity concordant

Researchers studying the evolution of animal communication often ask what generates and maintains signal complexity, but they define and measure complexity in different ways. If different metrics are not concordant, then studies using them are probably not comparable. In this study, we asked whether 7 metrics of bird song complexity vary in tandem among individuals of a single species, the Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus). The included metrics were chosen because they are regularly used by researchers in the field to test hypotheses within the literature. Results indicated that none of the metrics positively correlated with any others, suggesting that bird songs are not under general selective pressures favoring increased complexity across multiple features. If metrics of signal complexity are not correlated, then care should be taken when designing analyses and comparing results. Researchers should always clearly define the “complexity” under investigation and verify that it has significance to the study species. Contradictory outcomes among existing research into signal “complexity” may result from the fact that this single word is used to represent multiple independent traits.