cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differentiation Between the “Critical Period,” the “Activation Period” and the “Potential Activation Period” for Neurohumoral Stimulation of LH Release in Proestrous Rats1

Various ovulation blocking agents were administered to 4-day cycling rats just prior to the onset of the proestrous “critical period.” Blood was withdrawn at hourly intervals during the afternoon and evening through an atrial cannula implanted that morning. Radioimmunoassay of plasma LH revealed that ip injection of urethane (1.5 g/kg body wt), phenobarbital (75 mg/kg) or pentobarbital (32 mg/kg) at 1355 hr, deep anesthesia induced with ether from 1355–2000 hr, or slow infusion of 1.0 ml of 95% ethanol through the cannula from 1355–1500 hr, were all effective in inhibiting the spontaneous rise of LH. Plasma LH concentration remained low through 2300 hr, except for a small rise at 2100–2200 hr which was observed in all but phenobarbital-treated animals. None of these agents altered pituitary LH release in response to injection of 100 ng of synthetic LHRH shortly after 1400 hr, and saline and phenobarbital-treated rats also responded well to the releasing hormone at 2300 hr. Injection of urethane (0.8 g/kg ...
A Study of a 90° Bending Magnet for H- Beams

Three different magnetic pole face configurations with field indices ? 0 have been studied to minimize second-order magnetic focusing aberrations. One pole face with a substantial second-order magnetic field inhomogeneity (s = 1.14) reduces the measured A1 = ?2?f/(??f?yf) aberration coefficient to zero. A calculation using first- and second-order ion optics provides a qualitative explanation for the aberration variations seen in these magnets. The pepper pot emittance measurement technique was used; although these measurements are sensitive to the A1 term, they are not very sensitive to the A2 = ?2?f/(?xf?yf) contribution.
The Influence of Consent on College Students’ Perceptions of the Quality of Sexual Intercourse at Last Event

ABSTRACT. The current study assessed consent's relation to quality of sexual intercourse. College students (n = 640) participated in a survey assessing their most recent intercourse. Hierarchical regression was conducted: alcohol consumption, relationship status, and age were entered in Step 1; the Internal and External Consent Scale factors were entered in Step 2. For women, three internal consent factors explained a significant proportion of variance in quality of intercourse beyond Step 1 (ΔR2 = .17, p < .001). For men, one internal and two external consent factors were significant predictors beyond Step 1 (ΔR2 = .24, p < .001). Preliminary findings suggest consent is associated with quality of intercourse.
Association-dissociation studies of bovine and rat liver glutamic dehydrogenase by high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration.

Abstract The concentration-dependent association-dissociation tendency of purified bovine liver and rat liver glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) has been demonstrated by high-performance liquid Chromatographic gel filtration. In the concentration range of 100 to 1.0 μg bovine GDH/ml molecular species ranged from dimer and unimer to subunimeric forms. The dissociation process of the unimeric hexapeptide, consisting of six polypeptide chains, to the subunimeric tripeptide, consisting of three polypeptide chains, was irreversible without added ionic support, but reversible with added ionic support. In dilute Tris-HCl bovine liver GDH was dispersed to subunimeric sizes. Increasing the ionic strength in 20 m m phosphate as the mobile phase increased dissociation to a subunimeric tripeptide while sustaining as much as 80% of its activity. Activity of a eluting subunimer was verified by the inclusion of reaction substrates (NAD and glutamute) in the mobile phase and quantification of reaction products (NADH) in chromatograms. Gel filtration of GDH in the presence of GTP with NADH rendered a subunimeric tripeptide, largely independent of ionic strength or GDH concentration. Rat liver GDH, differing from bovine liver GDH, was dissociated by gel filtration to an active tripeptide independent of ionic or buffer conditions.
TH‐C‐217BCD‐06: Acoustic Radiation Force Based Imaging: An Overview

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) based elasticityimaging methods have been under investigation in research laboratories for over 15 years. In ARFI imaging methods, temporally impulsive (i.e. < 1 msec) focused acoustic radiation force is used to mechanically excite tissue, and the dynamic displacement response is monitored using the same transducer and ultrasonic correlation based techniques. High resolution qualitative images can be generated that portray relative differences in tissue stiffness, maintaining structural integrity in heterogeneous media. These images are generated by monitoring the tissue response along the central axis of the excitation, and sequentially interrogating a 2D (or 3D) field of view (i.e. on‐axis, or ARFI imaging). Shear waves are generated by each of the ARFI excitations, and their propagation speed is related to the underlying tissue stiffness. Time‐of‐flight based algorithms have been developed to estimate shear wave propagation speed, and, under certain simplifying assumptions, the tissue stiffness can be quantified based upon these speeds. In the past 3 years, both Siemens Medical Systems and Supersonic Imagine (SSI) have released commercial ARFI based elasticityimaging products. This talk will provide an overview of the underlying physics of radiation force based elasticityimaging techniques, and a review of the initial clinical reports using these methods. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the differences between acoustic images, qualitative elasticityimages, and shear waveimages 2. To understand the tradeoffs between resolution and accuracy in shear waveimaging3) to understand the limitations of the assumptions made by time‐of‐flight based algorithms Disclosures: Some authors hold patents related to radiation force based techniques, and our lab has a research agreement with Siemens Medical Solutions. Funding: NIH R01 EB002132; R01 CA142824
Patterns and determinants of temporal change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Cohort Study.

Background Patterns and determinants of temporal change in highly-sensitivity troponin-T (hs-cTNT), a novel measure of subclinical myocardial injury, among asymptomatic persons have not been well characterized.
In vitro and in vivo anti-Candida activity and toxicology of LY121019.

LY121019 (N-p-octyloxybenzoylechinocandin B nucleus) is a semisynthetic antifungal antibiotic that possesses potent anti-Candida activity. The MIC50 and the MIC90 for both LY121019 and amphotericin B were 0.625 and 1.25μg/ml, respectively. Only an 8-fold increase in the MIC against C. albicans occurred during 34-day exposure to subinhibitory concentrations indicating that LY121019 has a low potential for causing resistance development. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that LY121019 caused severe damage to the C. albicans cell. The ED50's for LY121019 and amphotericin B administered parenterally to mice were 7.4 and 2.5mg/kg, respectively. Parenterally administered LY121019 at doses of 6.25mg/kg significantly reduced the recovery of C. albicans from infected mouse kidneys. Orally administered 50 and 100mg/kg doses of LY121019 were effective in eliminating C. albicans from the gastrointestinal tract of infected mice. Topical application of 5% LY121019 was as effective as 3% nystatin in the treatment of superficial C. albicans infections. Local administration of LY121019, nystatin, or miconazole was effective against rat vaginal candidiasis. LY121019 was administered intravenously to dogs at doses up to 100mg/kg/day, 5 days a week for 3 months; all dogs survived. Compound related effects included a histamine-like reaction, increased serum alkaline phosphatase and SGPT, fatty vacuolization of the liver, and some tissue damage at the injection site. The no effect dose in dog was 10mg/kg. LY121019 had no more than 1/20 the toxicity of amphotericin B in the dog.
Structure and dynamics of kink and cellular flames stabilized on a rotating burner

Abstract We describe the formation and evolution of spatiotemporal patterns in cylindrical premixed flames stabilized on a rotating cylindrical burner. We consider flames in the cellular regime, Le Le is the ratio of thermal to mass diffusivity of a deficient component of the combustible mixture. For the parameter regime considered burner rotation tends to be stabilizing in that increasing the rotation rate generally promotes the development of traveling waves (TWs) from modulated traveling waves (MTWs). However, more complex dynamics occurs at the terminus of each of the TW branches. We find a number of unsteady, nonaxisymmetric modes of combustion, including (i) kink modes, where one or more kinks (characterized by a jump or discontinuity in the distance from the flame to the burner) rotate around the burner, (ii) cellular flames in which one or more cells rotate around the burner, (iii) Pacman modes, in which a rapidly rotating kink periodically overtakes and destroys more slowly rotating cells, with new cells created elsewhere, (iv) two front modes in which the flame, though governed by a 1-step reaction mechanism, exhibits two distinct regions of burning in a localized region of space, and (v) double fire rotating cellular flames (DF modes) which are MTWs where the modulation of each cell exhibits two maxima over each period such that one cell attains its first maximum simultaneously with the second maximum of its neighbor. Certain of the modes that we describe have not been previously observed for nonrotating burners either in experiment or in prior computation.
Gravity and aeromagnetic constraints on the structure of the Woods Mountains volcanic center, southeastern California

The Woods Mountain volcanic center is a well-exposed, mildly alkaline volcanic center that formed during the Miocene in southeastern California. Detailed geologic mapping and geochemical studies have distinguished three major volcanic phases: precaldera, caldera forming, and postcaldera. Geologic mapping indicates that caldera formation occurred incrementally during eruptions of three large ignimbrites and continued into a period of voluminous intracaldera lava-flow eruptions. Rhyolitic ignimbrites and lava flows within the caldera are associated with large amplitude, circular gravity, and magnetic minima that are among the most prominent gravity and magnetic anomalies in southeastern California. Analysis of a Bouguer gravity anomaly map, reduced-to-the-pole magnetic intensity map, and three-dimensional gravity and magnetic models indicates that there is a single, funnel- to bowl-shaped caldera approximately 4 km thick and approximately 10 km wide at the surface. This model is consistent with other siliceous, pyroclastic-filled calderas on continental crust, except that most siliceous volcanic centers associated with more than one eruption are characterized by more than one caldera.
Recurrent ameloblastic fibroma.

Abstract Although there has not been a significant number of long-term follow-ups to determine the natural history of the adenoameloblastoma, the scarcity of reported recurrences relative to the number of cases reported is at least an indication that recurrence is unlikely. However, this cannot be said of the ameloblastic fibroma and, because of the small number of reports of this lesion in the literature, the present case, together with the recurrences reported by Thoma 5 and Huebsch and Stephenson, 6 represents a significant number at this time. Should the number of recurrences relative to the total number of cases be found in the future to increase, re-evaluation of methods of diagnosis and treatment will be needed. Only the study of additional cases will in time yield a more accurate assessment of the natural history of the ameloblastic fibroma.
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY OF ULTRATHIN FILM AND SINGLE CRYSTAL CU(111) : IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF BOND-LENGTH DETERMINATION

Abstract Forward-scattering diffraction patterns from single-crystal Cu(111) substrates and an epitaxial film of FCC Cu/Ir(111) have been analyzed to produce real-space images of the atomic lattice by Fourier-transform holography. The accuracy of atomic positions is found to be better in the single-crystal holograms than in the ultrathin film of copper. The angular dependence of the atomic scattering factor produces a shift in the position of atoms in the holographic image, and causes the atom image to be asymmetric. Model calculations reproduce the atom shift and asymmetry. A modified Fourier-transform algorithm is shown to correct for both the atom-shift and the image asymmetry.
SQUID readout multiplexers for transition-edge sensor arrays

Abstract Two classes of SQUID multiplexer are being developed for large arrays of cryogenic sensors, distinguished by their operation in either the time domain or frequency domain. Several systems optimized for use with Transition-Edge Sensors (TES) are reaching a high level of maturity, and will be deployed on funded astrophysics experiments in the next several years. A useful technical figure of merit is the product of the number of detectors multplexed multipled by the bandwidth of the detectors, which can be termed the “total signal bandwidth” of a multiplexer system. This figure of merit is comparable within a factor of two for the mature systems. Several new concepts for increasing the total bandwidth are being developed in the broad class of frequency domain multiplexers. Another notable area of progress is in the level of integration of muliplexer and detector array. The time domain system for SCUBA-II is a sophisticated bump-bonded sandwich structure, and the Jena/MPI group is integrating detectors and a time domain multiplexer on one substrate. Finally, the Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID)/HEMT (non-SQUID) detector/multiplexer system, will be discussed briefly.
Water vapor variability in the north polar region of Mars from Viking MAWD and MGS TES datasets

Atmospheric water vapor abundances in Mars’ north polar region (NPR, from 60° to 90°N) are mapped as function of latitude and longitude for spring and summer seasons, and their spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability is discussed. Water vapor data are from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Viking Orbiter (VO) Mars Atmospheric Water Detector (MAWD). The data cover three complete northern spring–summer seasons in 1977–1978, 2000–2001 and 2002–2003, and shorter periods of spring–summer seasons during 1975, 1999 and 2004. Long term interannual variability in the averaged NPR abundances may exist, with Viking MAWD observations showing twice as much water vapor during summer as the MGS TES observations more than 10 martian years (MY) later. While the averaged abundances are very similar in TES observations for the same season in different years, the spatial distributions in the early summer season do vary significantly year over year. Spatial and temporal variabilities increase between Ls ∼ 80–140°, which may be related to vapor sublimation from the North Polar Residual Cap (NPRC), or to changes in circulation. Spatial variability is observed on scales of ∼100 km and temporal variability is observed on scales of <10 sols during summer. During late spring the TES water vapor spatial distribution is seen to correlate with the low topography/low albedo region of northern Acidalia Planitia (270–360°E), and with the dust spatial distribution across the NPR during late spring–early summer. Non-uniform vertical distribution of water vapor, a regolith source or atmospheric circulation ‘pooling’ of water vapor from the NPRC into the topographic depression may be behind the correlation with low topography/low albedo. Sublimation winds carrying water vapor off the NPRC and lifting surface dust in the areas surrounding the NPRC may explain the correlation between the water vapor and dust spatial distributions. Correlation between water vapor and dust in MAWD data are only observed over low topography/low albedo area. Maximum water vapor abundances are observed at Ls = 105–115° and outside of the NPRC at 75–80°N; the TES data, however, do not extend over the NPRC and thus, this conclusion may be biased. Some water vapor appears to be released in plumes or ‘outbursts’ in the MAWD and TES datasets during late spring and early summer. We propose that the sublimation rate of ice varies across the NPRC with varying surface winds, giving rise to the observed ‘outbursts’ at some seasons.
Tracing "Ethical Subjectivities" in Science Education: How Biology Textbooks Can Frame Ethico-Political Choices for Students.

This article describes how biology textboo ks can work to discursively constitute a particular kind of "ethical subjectivity." Not only do textbooks constrain the possibilities for thought and action regarding ethical issues, they also require a certain kind of "subject"to partake in ethical exercises and questions. This study looks at how ethical questions/exercises found in four Ontario textbooks require students and teachers to think and act along specific lines. These include making ethical decisions within a legal-juridical frame; deciding what kinds of research should be publically funded; optimizing personal and population health; and regulation through policy and legislation. While engaging ethical issues in these waysis useful, educators should also question the kinds of (ethical) subjectivities that are partially constituted by discourses of science education. If science education is going to address twenty-first century problems such as climate change and social inequality, educators need to address how the possibilities for ethical engage- ment afforded to students work to constitute specific kinds of "ethical actors."
What's so critical about critical race theory?

As a bourgeoning and widely recognized critical‐emancipationist program, critical race theory (CRT) retains its commitment to treating the social construction of race as central to the way that people of color are ordered and constrained in society. In advocating for justice for such ‘minority’ populations as Blacks, Latinos, Asians, gays, Indians, and women of color, CRT has in recent years ramified into several area programs including Latino/a critical studies, critical queer studies, critical race feminism, and critical White studies. Despite its important analytical and activist breakthroughs in rooting out racial injustice, we argue that CRT needs to sharpen its critical edge. In order to do so, it must confront and resolve the three problems of (1) the rule of law, (2) theory, and (3) colorism.
Hydrides versus fluorides: Structural comparisons☆☆☆

Abstract The closeness of the ionic radii of the hydride and fluoride ions results in close structural analogies between the corresponding binary and ternary compounds of the highly electronegative elements. The analogies are closest for the alkalis, the alkaline earths, and aluminum. For the binary lanthanide and actinide compounds, the structures are related, but modified for the hydrides by the nonstoichiometry. The relative difficulty so far encountered in attempts to prepare ternary hydrides involving these elements is probably also due to nonstoichiometry. For the transition metals, the hydride and fluoride structural patterns differ considerably, the metallic nature of the hydrides here being involved as well. On the basis of these analogies, the known structures of corresponding hydrides and fluorides are correlated and the possible new ternary hydride compounds may be predicted.
Brain slice preparation: Hypothalamus

Methods, materials and procedures for producing viable hypothalamic slices are described in detail. Also described are the results of methodological experiments dealing with combatting the problem of evaporative water loss which produces subsequent increases in concentration of the bathing medium. A formula is given by which the amounts of evaporative loss may be calculated and compensated for without direct measurement of the medium osmotic pressure. Finally, ultrastructural data are presented which indicate that paraventricular nucleus neurosecretory cells in the slices undergo a loss of dense core vesicles during the initial 3 hr in vitro, then recover by 5 hr and maintain a relatively constant state for up to 9 hr, the longest time sampled.
Linkage of human apolipoproteins A-I and C-III genes

It has recently been suggested that polymorphisms in the human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) gene locus may be related to the development of premature atherosclerosis1 and hypertriglyceridaemia2. To understand if and how these polymorphisms affect apo A-I gene expression, we studied the genomic sequences flanking the apo A-I gene. Here we show the presence of another apolipoprotein gene, apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III), approximately 2.6 kilobases (kb) downstream of the 3′ end of the apo A-I gene. We also show that the apo A-I and apo C-III genes are convergently transcribed and that a polymorphism previously reported to be associated with hypertriglyceridaemia2 may be due to a single base pair substitution in the 3′-noncoding region of apo C-III mRNA.
Multiple Use Conflicts in Narragansett Bay: Commercial Fishing and Aquaculture

Both commercial fishing and aquaculture have long histories in Narragansett Bay. Perhaps more importantly, they have a long history of conflict as well. This paper will examine some of the many uses of the bay and focus on the current struggle between commercial fishing and aquaculture interests. It will conclude with an evaluation of the mediation process to resolve this dispute.
Prognostic Significance of Potential Frailty Criteria

Objectives To determine the independent prognostic effect of 7 potential frailty criteria, including 5 from the Fried phenotype, on several adverse outcomes.
University: The Supervisory Process in Speech-Language Pathology: Graduate Students’ Perspective

Supervision is a critical component of graduate education in communication sciences and disorders. Students spend a large amount of time with their supervisors, who guide them through clinical expe...
A new approach to the assay of alkaloidal crude drugs. I. Cinchona and nux vomica.

Abstract A new approach to the assay of alkaloidal crude drugs is described. The method, which involves a simple ion exchange technique, gives results which are 10-15 per cent higher than those obtained by the conventional methods. It is, furthermore, rapid, has a high degree of precision, and requires little skill on the part of the operator.
Financial reporting quality, capital allocation efficiency, and financing structure : an international study

I examine the relation between financial reporting quality and capital allocation efficiency across twenty-three countries. Previous literature points out that outside shareholders reduce information asymmetry by requiring extensive financial reporting, while insiders, such as banks, more frequently use private communication channels. I hypothesize that high quality financial reporting improves capital allocation decisions, but its usefulness increases (declines) with equity (bank) financing. I find that a country's legal, political and economical infrastructure improves the country's capital allocation efficiency. Financial reporting quality beyond the level associated with a country's infrastructure improves capital allocation efficiency for industries more dependent on equity financing. My findings are consistent with a heterogeneous demand for financial accounting information. Outside shareholders are more dependent on financial reporting to reduce information asymmetry than are banks. Adopting better financial reporting standards will be more beneficial to industries dependent on equity financing.
The subcellular localization of brain-stem norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in stressed rats

Abstract In agreement with earlier work, the total amount of brain-stem norepine-phrine (NE) was subnormal in electrically shocked rats, normal in both shocked and unshocked rats sedated by phenobarbital, and Supranormal in both shocked and unshocked rats treated with 1-phenyl-2-hydrazinopropane (Catron). The total amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was altered only in animals receiving Catron. Differential and gradient-density centrifugation of homogenates of rat brain stem revealed a similar localization of NE and 5-HT. About 25% of the amines were found in Whittaker's B fraction, which is composed almost entirely of nerve-ending particles. The subcellular distribution of brain-stem NE and 5-HT was unchanged in rats treated with shock alone, with phenobarbital or Catron alone, or with shock plus phenobarbital or Catron. Exogenous NE added to a homogenate at 0° appeared entirely in the supernatant fluid. The results of the subcellular localization experiments are interpreted in terms of the tearing of nerves during homogenization and the subsequent formation of nerve-ending particles. It is suggested that in animals treated with sedatives or monoamine oxidase inhibitors the brain-stem NE, ordinarily released by stress, fails to leave the nerve endings.
Species‐area relationship and its determinants for mammals in western North American national parks

The relationship between non-volant mammalian species richness and area in 24 western North American national parks is examined. The exponential and the power function models are concluded to be the ‘best’ models and account for nearly an identical proportion of the total variance ( g 69‘!/”). Two principal hypotheses, the area per se and the habitat diversity hypotheses, have been proposed to explain the species-area relationship. Support exists for both hypotheses based upon partial correlation analysis of non-volant mammalian species richness with area, elevational range, latitude, number of vegetative cover types and index of vegetative cover divrrsity. I conclude that area per se and habitat diversity defined as environmental heterogeneity are the best predictors of non-volant mammalian species richness in western North American national parks. I also conclude that vegetative cover diversity is a poor predictor of mammalian species richness in western North American national parks. Several problems with assessing the area per se and habitat diversity hypotheses are noted. These are: (1) the definition of the term ‘habitat’; (2) the predictions of these two hypotheses may not be mutually exclusive; and (3) area and habitat diversity tend to be intercorrelated. The slope (2) of the power function is equal to 0.12. The hypothesis that variation in the slope of the power function for nature reserves worldwide is a result of the comparativr sizes of the nature reserves cannot be excluded. There has been considerable discussion in recent years about the conservation implications of the species-area relationship. Much of this discussion has been concerned with whether a single large reserve contains more species than scveral small reserves (SLOSS). lhe answer to SLOSS is heavily dependent upon the objectives of a reserve, the autecology of the species, and the ecological independence of the reserves. It is suggested that particular attention be given to area and elevation when designing naturc reserves.
The abstinence violation effect and very low calorie diet success.

This study evaluated the relationship between Marlatt and Gordon's (1985) Abstinence Violation Effect (AVE) and fasting outcomes of patients enrolled in a Very Low Calorie Diet (VLCD) and behavior education program. Within the first 11 weeks of the VLCD, 41 of 76 patients reported a fasting lapse and rated this lapse on an attribution scale. Patients reporting greater characterological attributions for their first lapse (i.e., a higher AVE) lost a smaller percentage of their excess weight during active fasting than patients reporting more situational attributions r(39) = -.36, p less than .025. First lapse AVE ratings did not distinguish between program dropout versus completer status, but high AVE dropouts did spend fewer weeks in the VLCD program than low AVE dropouts, r(12) = -.54, p less than .05. Although a faster's initial level of obesity accounted for the largest portion of weight loss outcome variance, the AVE accounted for a significant additional portion of outcome.
Generation of Transgenic Zebra Finches with Replication-Deficient Lentiviruses

Zebra finches havebeenarich experimental systemforstudyingneurobiological questions ofrelevance to human health for decades. In particular, finches are the leading nonhuman model organisms for investigating the biological basis of vocal learning, a critical behavioral substrate for speech acquisition. In addition, zebra finches are an ideal system for the study of brain asymmetry, hormonal control of brain development, physiological function of sleep, sex differences in the brain, behavioral-induced gene expression, and adult neurogenesis, among other questions. Despite their importance for neurobiology, the usefulness of finches as an experimental system has been restricted by a lack of genetic manipulation methods. To overcome this barrier, our laboratory has developed methods for generating transgenic birds, including zebra finches. The successful implementation of this transgenic technology by multiple research laboratories has the potential to dramatically accelerate the progress of our understanding of the genetic basis of complex biological processes such as vocal learning. Moreover, the ability to genetically manipulate zebra finches could also be used to generate novel geneticmodelsforhumandisordersthatcannotbestudiedelsewhereorthatcanbemoreeasilystudied in this small bird. Here, we describe a protocol to generate transgenic zebra finches using recombinant lentiviruses.
Permeability of intracranial blood vessels to endogenous serum albumin.

The blood-brain barrier to endogenous serum albumin labeled with Evans blue was studied by standard fluorescence microscopic techniques in cats. Systematic studies confirm that, except in certain well-known loci (hypothalmic median eminence, subfornical organ, area postrema, etc.), blood vessels within brain tissue are impermeable to endogenous albumin. But studies also demonstrate that in virtually all arteries at the base and over the surface of the brain and brain stem, labeled albumin passes readily through endothelium and the vascular wall to the adventitia. These observations are discussed in the context of current concepts of intracranial vascular permeability and, in terms of general biology, the possible consequences of the permeability to serum albumin of intracranial, extraparenchymal blood vessels on the composition and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid and in the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, anticonfulsants, and antineoplastic and vasoactive agents.
Mental Culture in Burmese Crisis Politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy

Mental Culture in Burmese Crisis Politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy. Custaaf Houtman. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 1999. iii. 392 pp., tables, illustrations, appendixes, bibliography.
Gabor wavelet filters and fusion for distortion-invariant multiclass object detection

Several different new Gabor wavelet filters are described: the Gabor transform (GT) filter consists of real, imaginary, and clutter filters; the Gabor basis function (GBF) filter uses a Gabor basis function for each training image; the morphological wavelet transform (MWT) filter includes a Gabor transform clutter map filter that locates clutter regions of a scene. These filters ar all shift-invariant and distortion-invariant. They are employed for detection: location of the positions of all object regions of interest (ROIs) in an input scene. Fusion of multiple filter outputs is used to reduce false alarms. This paper emphasizes the role for Gabor wavelet filters in detection and for producing a clutter map. Major emphasis is given to the final version of the Gabor wavelet clutter map portion of our MWT algorithm (this is our best detection algorithm). New detection and fusion results with a consistent database and thresholds are provided.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Some effects of microbial growths on surfactant properties of fuels

Fungi and bacteria taken from fuel systems were allowed to grow in jet fuel (or hydrocarbon)–salt solution mixtures and the layers were analyzed for surfactant properties. The fuels included both JP-4 and JP-5 types and an alkylate bottom fraction. Controlled surface activity was imparted to some samples by adding minute quantities of either petroleum sulfonates or petroleum naphthenates. Analyses after growth periods of 2 to 14 weeks failed to show any significant increases in the surface active properties of any fuel or hydrocarbon sample. In all cases, there was either little change or else the surfactant effect was reduced slightly. Opposed to these findings, examination of the aqueous bottoms revealed that microbial growths did effect increases in their surface active properties.
Quantized Distributed Reception for MIMO Wireless Systems Using Spatial Multiplexing

We study a quantized distributed reception scenario in which a transmitter equipped with multiple antennas sends multiple streams via spatial multiplexing to a large number of geographically separated single antenna receive nodes. This approach is applicable to scenarios such as those enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) which holds much commercial potential and could facilitate distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication in future systems. The receive nodes quantize their received signals and forward the quantized received signals to a receive fusion center. With global channel knowledge and forwarded quantized information from the receive nodes, the fusion center attempts to decode the transmitted symbols. We assume the transmit vector consists of arbitrary constellation points, and each receive node quantizes its received signal with one bit for each of the real and imaginary parts of the signal to minimize the transmission overhead between the receive nodes and the fusion center. Fusing this data is a nontrivial problem because the receive nodes cannot decode the transmitted symbols before quantization. We develop an optimal maximum likelihood (ML) receiver and a low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF)-type receiver at the fusion center. Despite its suboptimality, the ZF-type receiver is simple to implement and shows comparable performance with the ML receiver in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime but experiences an error rate floor at high SNR. It is shown that this error floor can be overcome by increasing the number of receive nodes.
Dormancy Genes From Weedy Rice Respond Divergently to Seed Development Environments

Genes interacting with seed developmental environments control primary dormancy. To understand how a multigenic system evolved to adapt to the changing environments in weedy rice, we evaluated genetic components of three dormancy QTL in a synchronized nondormant genetic background. Two genetically identical populations segregating for qSD1, qSD7-1, and qSD12 were grown under greenhouse and natural conditions differing in temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity during seed development. Low temperatures tended to enhance dormancy in both conditions. However, genotypes responded to the environments divergently so that two populations displayed similar distributions for germination. Additive and/or dominance effects of the three loci explained ∼90% of genetic variances and their epistases accounted for the remainder in each environment. The qSD1 and qSD7-1 main effects were increased, while the qSD12 additive effect was decreased by relatively low temperatures. Both gene main and epistatic effects were involved in G × E interactions, which in magnitude were greater than environmental main effect. The divergent responses of dormancy genes observed in this simple multigenic system presumably have selective advantages in natural populations adapted to changing environments and hence represent a genetic mechanism stabilizing the dormancy level of weedy rice ripened in different seasons or temperature regimes.
Labeling Documents with Timestamps: Learning from their Time Expressions

Temporal reasoners for document understanding typically assume that a document's creation date is known. Algorithms to ground relative time expressions and order events often rely on this timestamp to assist the learner. Unfortunately, the timestamp is not always known, particularly on the Web. This paper addresses the task of automatic document timestamping, presenting two new models that incorporate rich linguistic features about time. The first is a discriminative classifier with new features extracted from the text's time expressions (e.g., 'since 1999'). This model alone improves on previous generative models by 77%. The second model learns probabilistic constraints between time expressions and the unknown document time. Imposing these learned constraints on the discriminative model further improves its accuracy. Finally, we present a new experiment design that facilitates easier comparison by future work.
The Economic Consequences of Annexation: Alsace-Lorraine and Imperial Germany, 1871–1918

Germany's annexation of Alsace-Lorraine in 1871 was a relatively simple operation; it took only a few weeks for Prussian armies to rout the French forces. But integrating this prize of war into Imperial Germany proved far more difficult than anyone had imagined. It is indeed a rather pathetic spectacle. While some of the highest civilian officials of the territorial administration sought to integrate the Reichsland into the Reich, the highest military officers sought to impose a military dictatorship; and on the sidelines, powerful German textile, tobacco, and iron and steel interests hoped to minimize competion from Alsace-Lorraine by sabotaging all government efforts at conciliation and integration. It is this latter aspect of the problem, what one might term the economic subversion of political integration, which we shall examine here.
Species specificity of temporal processing in the auditory midbrain of gray treefrogs: long-interval neurons

In recently diverged gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis and H. versicolor), advertisement calls that differ primarily in pulse shape and pulse rate act as an important premating isolation mechanism. Temporally selective neurons in the anuran inferior colliculus may contribute to selective behavioral responses to these calls. Here we present in vivo extracellular and whole-cell recordings from long-interval-selective neurons (LINs) made during presentation of pulses that varied in shape and rate. Whole-cell recordings revealed that interplay between excitation and inhibition shapes long-interval selectivity. LINs in H. versicolor showed greater selectivity for slow-rise pulses, consistent with the slow-rise pulse characteristics of their calls. The steepness of pulse-rate tuning functions, but not the distributions of best pulse rates, differed between the species in a manner that depended on whether pulses had slow or fast-rise shape. When tested with stimuli representing the temporal structure of the advertisement calls of H. chrysoscelis or H. versicolor, approximately 27 % of LINs in H. versicolor responded exclusively to the latter stimulus type. The LINs of H. chrysoscelis were less selective. Encounter calls, which are produced at similar pulse rates in both species (≈5 pulses/s), are likely to be effective stimuli for the LINs of both species.
Boundary-Layer Growth over the Tropical Ocean

Abstract Results of a one-dimensional mixed-layer growth model are compared with thermodynamic observations made during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). Observed drying at low levels accompanying warming in the wake of a storm is hypothesized to be the result of rapid mixed-layer growth as well as of subsidence in the environment outside the storm. Sensitivity of the model solutions to changes in subsidence and stability above the mixed layer is shown. Model solutions show protracted recovery periods only when the wind speed near the surface is moderate (∼3 m s−1). Recovery of the mixed layer in the wake of the 12 September 1974 GATE squall line is simulated by the model.
Prediction modeling and pattern recognition for patient readmission

Abstract Readmission is a major source of cost for healthcare systems. Hospital-specific readmission rates are considered an indicator of hospital performance and generate public interest regarding the health care quality. We aimed to identify those patients who are likely to be readmitted to the hospital. The identified patients can then be considered by health care personnel for application of preventive alternative measures such as: providing intensive post-discharge care, managing the conditions of the most vulnerable in their home, supporting self-care, and integrating health services and information technology systems to avoid unnecessary readmissions. Neural Network, Classification and Regression model and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection models were used for the readmission prediction. All models were able to perform with an overall accuracy above 80%, with the latter two models having the advantage of providing the user with the opportunity of selecting different misclassification costs. We employed C5.0 algorithm to search for recurring pattern in the history or demographics of patients who have been readmitted and explored if a rule of thumb can be derived to predict those at risk of future readmissions. Moreover, the key variables influencing readmission were studied based on a large data set. The most important factors contributing to readmission were determined such as age, sex, number of previous prescriptions and length of previous stays, place of service, and number of previous claims.
Hemoglobin tetramers stabilized with polyaspirins

Organic acids activated by esterification with 3,5-dibromosalicylate react preferentially either with the B82 lysines or the α99 lysines of hemoglobin. The versatility and site specificity of these polysapirins and the usage of both human and bovine hemoglobins allowed the construction of a family of oxygen carriers with various P50 ranging from 10 to 50 mmHg. These derivatives are obtained in pure homogeneous form by column chromatography. They are stabilized tetramers where the dissociation into dimers is inhibited. The latest addition is Tri-(3,5,dibromosallcyl)-benzenetricarboxylate, which crosslinks both human and bovine hemoglobin across the B subunits, decreasing the oxygen affinity of both proteins. The crosslinked hemoglobins have a normal Bohr effect, more expanded in the alkaline region, and are sensitive to chlorides but not to polyphosphates. Solutions of stabilized tetramers, infused into rats or cats up to 25–50% blood replacement, do not produce altered renal and cardiac function. In the c...
Latex-leptospiral agglutination test.

SummaryThe reaction of leptospiral antisera with an antigen composed of polystyrene latex particles and formalin-killed leptospirae provides the basis for a simple, macroscopic tube agglutination test for leptospirosis.
A Knowledge-Based Imaging Informatics Approach for Managing Proton Beam Therapy of Cancer Patients

The need for a unified patient-oriented information system to handle complex proton therapy (PT) imaging and informatics data during the course of patient treatment is becoming steadily apparent due to the ever increasing demands for better diagnostic treatment planning and more accurate information. Currently, this information is scattered throughout each of the different treatment and information systems in the oncology department. Furthermore, the lack of organization with standardized methods makes it difficult and time-consuming to navigate through the maze of data, resulting in challenges during patient treatment planning. We present a methodology to develop this electronic patient record (ePR) system based on DICOM standards and perform knowledge-based medical imaging informatics research on specific clinical scenarios where patients are treated with PT. Treatment planning is similar in workflow to traditional radiation therapy (RT) methods such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which utilizes a priori knowledge to drive the treatment plan in an inverse manner. In March 2006, two new RT objects were drafted in a DICOM-RT Supplement 102 specifically for ion therapy, which includes PT. The standardization of DICOM-RT-ION objects and the development of a knowledge base as well as decision-support tools that can be add-on features to the ePR DICOM-RT system were researched. This methodology can be used to extend to PT and the development of future clinical decision-making scenarios during the course of the patient's treatment that utilize "inverse treatment planning." We present the initial steps of this imaging and informatics methodology for PT and lay the foundation for development of future decision-support tools tailored to cancer patients treated with PT. By integrating decision-support knowledge and tools designed to assist in the decision-making process, a new and improved "knowledge-enhanced treatment planning" approach can be realized.
Protecting Nipple Perfusion by Devascularization and Surgical Delay in Patients at Risk for Ischemic Complications During Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies

Indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are expanding; however, high-risk patients have more ischemic complications. Surgical devascularization of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) prior to NSM can reduce complications. This study reports perfusion patterns and complications in high-risk patients undergoing 2-stage NSM. Surgical devascularization of the NAC was performed 3–6 weeks prior to NSM in 28 women. Risk factors included ptosis, obesity, smoking, prior breast surgery, and radiation. Using indocyanine green (ICG)-based fluorescence and an infrared camera, blood inflow was visualized intraoperatively. NAC perfusion patterns were classified as: V1, underlying breast; V2, surrounding skin; V3 = V1 + V2, or V4, capillary fill following devascularization. Ischemic complications were analyzed. Baseline perfusion for 54 breasts was 35 % V1, 32 % V2, and 33 % V3. Increasing ptosis was associated with V1 pattern: 86 % for grade 3, 31 % for grade 2, and 18 % for grade 1. Postdevascularization epidermolysis was observed in 63 % of V1 baseline, 41 % of V2, and 22 % of V3 (P = .042) and after NSM in 26 % for V1, 7 % for V2, and 6 % for V3 (P = .131). Ptosis was significantly associated with epidermolysis postdevascularization (P = .002) and NSM (P = .002). Smoking and BMI ≥30 were related to increased ischemic complications. Two or more risk factors were associated with postdevascularization ischemic changes (P = .026), but were not significant after NSM. Nipple loss was not observed, but 2 patients underwent partial areolar resection. Adaptive circulatory changes after devascularization allow tissues to tolerate the additional ischemic challenge of mastectomy. Our findings support extending 2-staged operations to high-risk women previously considered unsuitable for NSM.
The judicious use of antihistamines.

(1968). The Judicious Use of Antihistamines. Journal of Asthma Research: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 191-198.