cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF RESEARCH HANDLING ON THE ENDANGERED HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL

We examined the effects of research handling on free-ranging endangered Hawaiian monk seals, Monachus schauinslandi, by analyzing differences in subsequent year survival, migration, and condition between handled seals and controls during 1983-1998. Each of 549 handled seals was matched to a control seal of the same age, sex, location, and year. Handling included instrumentation with telemetry devices (n = 93), blood sampling (n = 19), and tagging (n = 437). No significant differences were found between handled seals and their controls in one-year resighting rates, observed migration rates, or condition. Resighting rates of handled and control seals were high (80%-100%). Available sample sizes were sufficient to detect reasonably small (9%-20%) differences in resighting rates had they existed among instrumented or tagged seals and controls (a = 0.05, power = 0.90). Too few seals were captured for blood sampling to detect even large differences in their resighting rates. However, blood samples were drawn from most instrumented seals, and there was no indication that this larger group suffered harmful effects. Duration of restraint during flipper tagging had no effect on subsequent probability of resighting. Our analysis suggests that conservative selection procedures and careful handling techniques have no deleterious effects on Hawaiian monk seals.
Factory fixation of an ARC curve into brachial coronary artery catheters of the manipulative type: A new curve for sones' type catheters

Advantage was found in factory fixing an approximation of the curve that has long been hand-formed at the tableside by angiographers using the manipulative type brachial-coronary technique. It consists of a 7 cm arc of a circle of 10 cm diameter. Used in 68 different patients, it was found to definitely facilitate and speed selective cannulation of the coronary artery ostia as compared to previous curves.
Multilayer feedforward potential function network

The authors present a multilayer feedforward network, called the Gaussian potential function network (GPFN), performing association or classification based on a set of potentially fields synthesized over the domain of input space by a number of Gaussian potential function units (GPFUs). A GPFU as a basic component of the GPFN is designed to generate a Gaussian form of a potential field. A weighted summation of Gaussian potential fields generated by a suitable number of GPFUs provides an arbitrary shape of a potential field over the domain of input space. The authors also present a detailed learning algorithm for the GPFN. Learning consists of the determination of the minimally necessary number of GPFUs and the adjustment of the locations and shapes of the individual Gaussian potential fields defined by GPFUs as well as the summation weights. The learning of the minimally necessary number of GPFUs is based on the control of the effective radius of GPFUs, while the parameter learning is based on the gradient descent procedure. >
Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions

Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of sulfide minerals has been investigated under anoxic conditions at 35°C. 2,4-DNT was abiotically reduced to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) in the presence of high concentration of sulfide (0.84 mM). No abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT was observed in the presence of low sulfide concentration (0.42 mM). The rate and the extent of the abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT were increased with an increase in sulfide concentration. Sulfide served as an electron donor for the reduction of 2,4-DNT. The 2-nitro group was preferentially reduced, making the 2-A-4-NT:4-A-2-NT ratio in the final products 2:1. The addition of iron, nickel, and cobalt minerals significantly enhanced the abiotic reduction. The FeS, NiS, and CoS solids formed in the serum bottles catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT preferentially to 4-A-2-NT. MnS and CuS solids also catalyzed the reduction of 2,4-DNT to 4-A-2-NT, but did not change the overall reduction of 2,4-DNT. However, the presence of calcium, zinc, and magnesium minerals impeded 2,4-DNT reduction. The calcium, zinc, and magnesium ions have a high affinity to sulfide, inactivating sulfide as an electron donor for the chemical reduction of 2,4-DNT.
A case of ectopic dysplastic kidney and ectopic ureter diagnosed by MRI.

This Case Study describes a 14-year-old girl with continuous urinary incontinence after resection of a vaginal septum associated with uterus didelphys. The authors discuss the diagnostic procedures undertaken, and show that MRI was effective, both preoperatively and intraoperatively, in detecting an ectopic ureter and ectopic dysplastic kidney. Background A 14-year-old girl with a solitary right kidney had continuous urinary incontinence. Four months previously she had undergone surgical resection of a vaginal septum associated with uterus didelphys, which was causing obstructed menstrual flow. She was toilet trained at the age of 2 years, had a normal voiding pattern, and had no history or family history of incontinence. Investigations Pelvic examination, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography, renal scintigraphy, voiding cystourethrography, abdominal and pelvic MRI, fluoroscopic retrograde vaginography, vaginoscopy, cystourethroscopy after administration of indigo carmine, laparoscopy, and pathologic examination of the excised specimen. Diagnosis Ectopic ureter draining into the vagina associated with a contralateral dysplastic kidney. Management Laparoscopic nephrectomy of the left renal remnant and ligation of the left distal ureter.
The role of glutathione in chloroform-induced hepatotoxicity.

Abstract Chloroform (CHCl3) administered to phenobarbital-pretreated rats decreased liver glutathione (GSH) and caused massive liver necrosis. Only those doses of CHCl3 that decreased GSH in the liver caused centrilobular liver necrosis. Other halogenated alkanes studied, including CCl4 and CCl3Br, did not deplete liver GSH in phenobarbital-pretreated rats. In rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, isopropyl alcohol, or acetone, which also increase drug metabolism, CHCl3 did not markedly decrease GSH in the liver. The GSH depletion was not due to oxidation of GSH or to inhibition of GSH reductase because CHCl3 administration did not increase the amount of oxidized GSH in liver, whole blood, or kidney. Since only liver GSH was depleted in these experiments, it appeared that depletion was related to CHCl3 metabolism. Since CCl4 and CCl3Br are postulated to form the trichloromethyl-free radical (CCl3·), and since these compounds do not deplete liver GSH in phenobarbital-pretreated rats, the GSH depletion by CHCl3 may be due to formation of chemically reactive metabolites other than the trichloromethyl free radical.
ON THE REPRESENTATION OF ACTIVITY ARRAYS

A general methodology for empirical investigaiion is described which consists of: (i) the selection of a system on the object of investigation with respect to the purpose and constraints of investigation, (ii) the gathering of data for the system and organizing them in the form of activity arrays, (iii) the processing of the data through which certain time-invariant properties representing the data are determined, (iv) the interpretation of these time-invariant data representations from the standpoint of the purpose of investigation. It is shown that each activity array yields many different representations. A procedure through which the various representations can be obtained is described that consists of: (1) the selection of a mask specifying a pattern for sampling the data, (2) the sampling procedure through which certain types of time-invariant relations are determined for the given mask, (3) the simplification of the time-invariant relations, if necessary or desirable. A basis for the objective comp...
The microwave spectrum of formaldoxime

Abstract The microwave spectra of CH 2 NOH and CH 2 NOD were investigated in the region 10–60 kMc/see. The rotational constants of the normal species are 67,678.28, 11,859.25, and 10,080.07 Mc/sec; those of the deuterated species are 66,167.74, 11,081.66, and 9484.57 Mc/sec. The value of the inertial defect indicates planarity. The change in moments of inertia on deuteration shows that the hydroxyl hydrogen lies away from the carbon atom. For the normal species the dipole moment is 0.44 debye and the nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants are: χ = 3.0 Mc/sec and η = −2.1. The first excited vibrational state of each species was also assigned.
Psychological adjustment and quality of life in children and adolescents with early treated phenylketonuria

Psychological adjustment and quality of life in children and adolescents with early treated phenylketonuria
High-resolution prediction of mouse brain connectivity using gene expression patterns

The brain is a multi-level system in which the high-level functions are generated by low-level genetic mechanisms. Thus, elucidating the relationship among multiple brain levels via correlative and predictive analytics is an important area in brain research. Currently, studies in multiple species have indicated that the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns are predictive of brain wiring. Specifically, results on the worm Caenorhabditis elegans have shown that the prediction of neuronal connectivity using gene expression signatures yielded statistically significant results. Recent studies on the mammalian brain produced similar results at the coarse regional level. In this study, we provide the first high-resolution, large-scale integrative analysis of the transcriptome and connectome in a single mammalian brain at a fine voxel level. By using the Allen Brain Atlas data, we predict voxel-level brain connectivity based on the gene expressions in the adult mouse brain. We employ regularized models to show that gene expression is predictive of connectivity at the voxel-level with an accuracy of 93%. We also identify a set of genes playing the most important role in connectivity prediction. We use only this small number of genes to predict the brain wiring with an accuracy over 80%. We discover that these important genes are enriched in neurons as compared to glia, and they perform connectivity-related functions. We perform several interesting correlative studies to further elucidate the transcriptome–connectome relationship.
Cholera enterotoxin: failure of anti-inflammatory agents to prevent cyclic AMP accumulation.

THERE is considerable evidence that cholera diarrhoea is caused by accumulation of cyclic AMP in intestinal mucosa, stimulated by cholera enterotoxin1–3. Prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) reproduces the effects of cholera enterotoxin on both cyclic AMP and secretion of fluid and electrolytes by intestinal mucosa3 and it was suggested4 that the toxin might first act by stimulating the release or synthesis of prostaglandin which then acts through cyclic AMP. Bennett4 proposed that acidic anti-inflammatory drugs, as they are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in several tissues5–7, might antagonize the effect of cholera enterotoxin. Jacoby and Marshall reported that indomethacin, aspirin, and several other anti-inflammatory agents inhibited the cholera toxin-induced accumulation of fluid in ileal-ligated rats8. Because of its potential therapeutic significance, I have studied this proposed mechanism.
Mice Lacking α-Synuclein have an Attenuated Loss of Striatal Dopamine Following Prolonged Chronic MPTP Administration

The functional role of alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully understood. Systemic exposure of alpha-synuclein-deficient mice to neurotoxins provides a direct approach to evaluate how alpha-synuclein may mediate cell death in a common murine model of PD. To this end, wild-type and homozygous alpha-synuclein knock-out mice were treated with sub-chronic and prolonged, chronic exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In the sub-chronic model, wild-type and alpha-synuclein knock-out mice were treated for five consecutive days with MPTP (1-25 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle, and sacrificed 3 days following the last injection. The prolonged, chronic model consisted of two injections of MPTP (1-20 mg/kg, s.c.) per week for 5 weeks, with co-administration of probenecid (250 mg/kg, i.p.), and animals were sacrificed 3 weeks following the last injection. Sub-chronic administration of MPTP caused a dramatic, dose-dependent decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) concentrations, while an attenuated response was observed in alpha-synuclein knock-out mice. Similarly, prolonged, chronic administration of MPTP produced a dose-dependent decrease in striatal DA concentrations, and a corresponding loss of striatal vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2) protein in wild-type mice. However, mice lacking alpha-synuclein had an attenuated loss of striatal DA concentrations, while no loss of striatal VMAT-2 protein was observed. Both sub-chronic and prolonged, chronic administration of MPTP caused an increase in the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) to DA ratio in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking alpha-synuclein. Despite attenuated toxicity, elevated lactate concentrations were observed in alpha-synuclein knock-out mice following prolonged, chronic MPTP administration. The results of this study provide evidence that alpha-synuclein null mice have an attenuated response to the toxic effects of MPTP exposure, even over prolonged periods of time and that the biochemical sequela of a protracted insult to nigrostriatal DA neurons are distinct between mice with and without alpha-synuclein expression.
Comparative hematology—Studies on camelidae

Abstract 1. 1. Blood samples from 2 camels, 1 guanaco and 1 llama were studied. All samples clotted; clots retracted and did not lyse. Prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were faster than human. Plasma “thromboplastin” was effectively generated. Coagulation factor assays fell in the high to high-normal ranges as compared to human. 2. 2. Platelets from camilidae aggregated with ADP, collagen or ristocetin. Aggregations with epinephrine, thrombin (bovine) and snake venom were essentially absent. By electron microscopy the animal platelets were flat but showed the usual ultrastructural components: microtubules, α granules, dense bodies, open canalicular system, glycogen particles. 3. 3. Erythrocytes were flat ellipsoids containing large amounts of hemoglobin for all (MCHC > 50g/dl). White cells and serum proteins did not differ measurably from human. 4. 4. Biochemical tests showed high levels of phosphorus, calcium, sodium and the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, CPK, LDH and SGOT.
Effects of vitamins on hepatic nuclear binding of L-tryptophan.

This study investigated the in vitro effects of selected vitamins on nuclear L-tryptophan receptor binding of rat liver. Our results revealed that some fat-soluble vitamins, β-carotene, retinyl acetate, calciferol, α-tocopherol, and Trolox, as well as some water-soluble vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, acted to inhibit in vitro 3H-tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei. On the other hand, pyridoxine had little or no effect. The addition of dithiothreitol, a protective agent for sulfhydryl groups, along with each vitamin decreased the vitamin's inhibitory effect on in vitro 3H-tryptophan binding to nuclei, with the exception of riboflavin and calciferol. The addition of L-leucine, which alone had no inhibitory effect on in vitro 3H-tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei but when added with unlabeled L-tryptophan negated the effect of unlabeled L-tryptophan, caused a markedly diminished inhibitory binding effect due to each of the following vitamins, thiamine, β-carotene, retinyl acetate, and α-tocopherol and Trolox, but no effect on riboflavin and calciferol.
Divergence between Lethal Doses and Sterilizing Doses of X-Rays with Progressive Development in Habrobracon Females

IN the present work I have determined the weakest, link in an insect life-cycle and related this to the quantitative differences between the sterility and lethality doses when virgin females were irradiated at various developmental stages. The wasp used is known in genetic literature as Habrobracon juglandis (Ashmead). The females were chosen since it was believed that a non-sterile female would normally live and copulate with a son and afterwards produce both males and females. Critical stages for exposure were selected at significant changes in somatic and/or gonadic differentiation.
The direct alcoholysis of suprarenal phosphatides

Previous attempts to directly prepare methyl esters from phosphatides failed apparently because not enough HCl was present as catalyst. In the present work suprarenal phosphatides were directly converted into esters by alcoholysis with methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols using 5.0% HCl and 7.5 and 12.0% H2SO4 as catalysts. The process of esterification is greatly simplified by this procedure.
Paralytic shellfish poisons produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5.

A single filament clonal isolate of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was made from a water bloom sample taken at a small pond near Durham, New Hampshire, in 1980. When batch cultured the strain was toxic to mice and had an i.p. LD50 of about 5.0 mg/kg. Using an extraction procedure originally designed for paralytic shellfish poisons and other neurotoxins of freshwater cyanobacteria, a purification method was developed. The procedure involved acidified water/ethanol extraction of the cells followed by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, use of C18 cartridges to remove pigments, ion-exchange and high performance liquid chromatography using u.v. detection at 220 or 240 nm. Thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography results indicate that Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5 may produce paralytic shellfish poisons, mainly neo-saxitoxin and saxitoxin. Three labile toxins were also detected which were not similar to any of the known paralytic shellfish poisons.
IL-13Rα2-Targeted Therapy Escapees: Biologic and Therapeutic Implications

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) overexpresses interleukin 13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2), a tumor-restricted receptor that is not present in normal brain. We and others have created targeted therapies that specifically eradicate tumors expressing this promising tumor-restricted biomarker. As these therapies head toward clinical implementation, it is critical to explore mechanisms of potential resistance. We therefore used a potent IL-13Rα2-targeted bacterial cytotoxin to select for naturally occurring “escapee” cells from three different IL-13Rα2-expressing GBM cell lines. We found that these side populations of escapee cells had significantly decreased IL-13Rα2 expression. We examined clinically relevant biologic characteristics of escapee cell lines compared to their parental cell lines and found that they had similar proliferation rates and equal sensitivity to temozolomide and radiation, the standard therapies given to GBM patients. In contrast, our escapee cell lines were less likely to form colonies in culture and migrated more slowly in wound healing assays. Furthermore, we found that escapee cells formed significantly less neurospheres in vitro, suggesting that IL-13Rα2-targeted therapy preferentially targeted the “stem-like” cell population and possibly indicating decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. We therefore tested escapee cells for in vivo tumorigenicity and found that they were significantly less tumorigenic in both subcutaneous and intracranial mouse models compared to matching parental cells. These data, for the first time, establish and characterize the clinically relevant biologic properties of IL-13Rα2-targeted therapy escapees and suggest that these cells may have less malignant characteristics than parental tumors.
Integrating the google wave platform with eclipse for collaborative, real-time code creation

Real-time collaborative coding is a challenge. Robust development environments are often compatible with versioning, but the versioning is not real-time; real-time editors overcome this, but lack the tools available in other environments. The heart of the problem is a lack of sufficient software that is not only collaborative and real-time, but supports compiling and running code. We create a Google Wave plugin for Eclipse to get the best of both worlds by harnessing the full power of both applications without recreating all the desired functionality.
Antagonism of the Lethal Effects of Cyanide by a Synthetic Water-Soluble Cobalt(III) Porphyrin Compound

Efficacy of hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12) as a cyanide antidote is limited by its high molecular weight (1355 g/mol) and by the competitive binding of the cobalamin dimethylbenzimidazole. The present study describes experiments with a lower molecular weight cobalt porphyrin that has a high affinity for cyanide, Co(III)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (CoTPPS), which was prepared by the method of Herrmann et al. (1978). CoTPPS was synthesized and its efficacy as an antidote to the lethal effects of cyanide either alone or in various combinations with NaNO2 and/or Na2S2O3 was determined. The LD50 value for CoTPPS was found to be 334 mg/kg. These studies were conducted using the CoTPPS LD01, 200 mg/kg. The cyanide antagonists NaNO2 (0.1 g/kg, sc), Na2S2O3 (1.0 g/kg, ip), and CoTPPS (0.2 g/kg, ip) were administered at 45, 15, and 10 min respectively prior to graded doses of KCN (sc). The LD50 values for KCN in male Swiss-Webster mice were calculated by probit analysis at the 95% confidence level and the various treatments were compared by potency ratios. These results indicated that the administration of CoTPPS alone protects against the lethal effects of cyanide. Moreover, CoTPPS adds to the protection provided by Na2S2O3 and/or NaNO2. Efficacy of this antidote is probably related to the binding equilibrium between CoTPPS and cyanide.
Reliability and Validity of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet-Health Awareness Tests Developed from the 1989–1991 Diet and Health Knowledge Surveys

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop tests for measuring nutrition knowledge and diet-health awareness using items appearing in the 1989—1991 Diet and Health Knowledge Surveys. The development and evaluation of these tests relied upon estimates of their reliability and their discriminant, convergent, correspondence, and representative validity. The reliability estimates for the 23-item nutrition knowledge test were less than 0.70 for all three surveys.The reliability estimates for the 27-item diet-health awareness test were greater than 0.70 for all three surveys. Both tests received support for discriminant and convergent validity.The correspondence validity of both tests with three measures of dietary quality was low. Implications are made for further research on tests of nutrition knowledge and knowledge structures and for the relationships of these constructs to dietary behavior.
Blind source separation and equalization in asynchronous MIMO DS-CDMA

In an asynchronous DS-CDMA system of multiple users where the orthogonality of spreading codes is broken, both uplink and downlink receptions face inter-symbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI). Compared to traditional receiver techniques which require channel state information (CSI) and spreading codes, detection via blind source separation (BSS) may use only oversampling of the received signals. Furthermore, when a multi-antenna structure is imposed, BSS will attempt optimization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplex gain. Trade-offs of different equalization and detection schemes are also discussed in this paper and simulations for various scenarios are included.
Applying the congruence model of organisational change in explaining the change in the Indian economic policies

Faced with a dynamic and globalised external economic environment and a deteriorating internal economic environment, the Indian government decided to reform its economic policies. The changes meant...
Human visual system intrascene luminance dynamic range

A model of human retinal cones was studied as a function of the adapting luminance to predict the intrascene luminance dynamic range (LDR). It has shown that the human retinal cones do not have a unique perceptual characteristic because the adapting luminance is dependent on the data visualization (tone scale) and ambient lighting. Using the minimum retinal response and maximum luminance of the display, a relationship is derived that specifies the intrascene LDR as a function of the adapting luminance. It is concluded that an intrascene LDR of about 100 is acceptable for primary interpretation (viewing to generate the radiology report) provided the adapting luminance is less than half of the display maximum luminance. However, due to excessively high ambient lighting and lower maximum luminance of displays typically used for secondary interpretation (viewing after radiology report is available), an intrascene LDR of about 50 is recommended for this setting. As the retinal cones provide high spatial frequency response, the minimum display luminance should be greater than 1 cd/m2 to ensure fully operational retinal cones. Finally, it is noted that fixing LDR and minimum luminance provides an opportunity to present images with true consistency for image distribution throughout an enterprise.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A solid-shell transition element for geometrically non-linear analysis of laminated composite structures

Using the incremental equations of motion of a continuous medium and the total Lagrangian description, three different elements, i.e. degenerated shell element, 3-D continuum element and solid-shell transition element, are developed for the geometrically non-linear analysis of laminated composite structures. Compatibility and completeness requirements are stressed in modelling shell-type structures in order to assure the convergence of the finite element analysis. A number of laminated plate and shell examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of various elements.
Differential sensitivity to x-ray of chromosomes of blood T-lymphocytes and B-and T-cell lines.

Normal T-lymphocytes, B-cell line (CCRF-SB) and T-cell line (CCRF-HSB-2) cells, all diploid in their chromosome constitution, were exposed in vitro to various doses of X-ray and analyzed at their first mitotic division for structural chromosome abnormalities. The irradiation effects were determined also by a viability test of the cells, using trypan blue dye. The irradiated T-cell line (CCRF-HSB-2) showed a remarkably high frequency of chromosome aberrations, including chromosome and chromatid deletions, chromatid exchanges, dicentrics, rings and acentric fragments. On the other hand, the chromosome aberrations observed in the irradiated B-cell line and normal T-lymphocytes consisted mainly of dicentrics, rings, deletions and acentric fragments; the frequency of chromosome and chromatid deletions was low as compared to that of the T-cell line. The cell viability test showed a significantly higher percent reduction of viable cells at every dose of X-ray in the irradiated T-cell line than in the B-cell line or the normal T-lymphocytes. It is possible that the increased radiosensitivity of the T-cell line is related to the original malignant nature of the cells, which originated from the lymphocytes of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Cloud optical feedback and climate stability in a radiative-convective model

A globally averaged, one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model is used to study the effect of clouds on both the climate and the sensitivity of climate to changes in incoming solar radiation. The model has been run with low, mid and high clouds of different areas, heights and liquid water contents (LWC). The cloud optics in both solar and terrestrial infrared wavelengths are a function of the cloud LWC. In some runs the cloud properties are held fixed. Then the model temperature is strongly dependent upon the selected LWC of clouds, especially when the LWC is small. The model sensitivity to changes in the solar constant is not, however, so strongly dependent upon the selected cloud area, height, or LWC. In other model runs the cloud LWCs are permitted to vary in direct proportion to the water vapor mixing ratio, which changes with temperature. This permits a rough evaluation of the feedback relations between cloud optical properties and climate. Under this hypothesis, variable cloud optics generally serve as a significant negative feedback mechanism in climate change. High thin cirrus can be a special positive feedback case. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1982.tb01813.x
Mixtures of n-octyl-β-D-glucoside and triethylene glycol mono-n-octyl ether: Phase behavior and micellar structure near the liquid-liquid phase boundary

The phase behavior and microstructure of aqueous mixtures of n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (C8βG1) and triethylene glycol mono-n-octyl ether (C8E3) is presented. C8βG1 forms a one-phase micellar solution in water at surfactant concentrations up to 60 wt %, whereas mixtures with C8E3 show a liquid−liquid phase transition at low surfactant concentration. The position of this phase boundary for mixtures can be rationally shifted in the temperature−composition window by altering the ratio of the two surfactants. Small-angle neutron scattering is used to determine the size and shape of the mixed micelles and to characterize the nature of the fluctuations near the cloud point of the micellar solutions. The C8βG1/C8E3 solutions are characterized by concentration fluctuations that become progressively stronger upon approach to the liquid−liquid phase boundary, whereas micellar growth is negligible. Such observations confirm previous views of the role of the surfactant phase boundary in tuning attractive micellar interact...
Comparison of high-order many-body perturbation theory and configuration interaction for H2O

Abstract Diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory, coupled with a recursive computational procedure, is employed to obtain the correlation energy of H2O within a 39-STO basis set by evaluating all double-excitation diagrams through twelfth order without any approximations. This provides, for the first time, the complete double-excitation diagrams contributions to the correlation energy, which is −0.28826 hartree, compared with a correlation energy of −0.27402 hartree obtained from a configuration interaction calculation which includes all double excitations. The difference of 0.0142 hartree includes the “size consistency” correction to the all-double-excitations CI energy, due to the “pathological” unliked-diagram terms remaining in that result, but also involves certain fourth- and higher-order rearrangement diagrams. Contrary to conventional belief, the unshifted, or Moller-Plesset partitioning of the hamiltonian provides a much more rapid convergence of the perturbation series that does the shifted, or Epstein-Nesbet partitioning. In both cases. Pade approximants enhance the convergence of the series considerably. A simple variation-perturbation scheme based on the first-order MBPT wavefunction is sufficient to provide 97.5% of the all-doubles CI correlation energy.
An Asymptotic Expansion in the GARCH(l, 1) Model

We develop order T−1 asymptotic expansions for the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) and a two-step approximate QMLE in the GARCH(l,l) model. We calculate the approximate mean and skewness and, hence, the Edgeworth-B distribution function. We suggest several methods of bias reduction based on these approximations.
SV40: Cell transformation and tumorigenesis

The story of SV40-induced tumorigenesis and cellular transformation is intimately entwined with the development of modern molecular biology. Because SV40 and other viruses have small genomes and are relatively easy to manipulate in the laboratory, they offered tractable systems for molecular analysis. Thus, many of the early efforts to understand how eukaryotes replicate their DNA, regulate expression of their genes, and translate mRNA were focused on viral systems. The discovery that SV40 induces tumors in certain laboratory animals and transforms many types of cultured cells offered the first opportunity to explore the molecular basis for cancer. The goal of this article is to highlight some of the experiments that have led to our current view of SV40-induced transformation and to provide some context as to how they contributed to basic research in molecular biology and to our understanding of cancer.
Structural transition in epitaxial Co-Cr superlattices.

Using a real-time reflection high-energy electron diffraction analysis technique, we show that the epitaxial growth of Co-Cr superlattices incorporates coherent close-packed Cr layers up to a thickness of 6 A\r{}. Beyond this thickness there is an abrupt structural transition to bcc (110) Cr in the classic Nishiyama-Wasserman and Kurdjumov-Sachs orientations. Magnetization and magnetoresistance results indicate that interlayer coupling is very weak, which we attribute to the altered crystal structure in the Cr layers.
Unstrategic essentialism: material culture and Hawaiian articulations of indigeneity

Often rendered synonymous with deep historical attachments to particular landscapes, indigenous identities are inseparable from questions of geography. The meeting ground of place and nativeness is fecund with politics. All over the world, claims of indigeneity have become indispensable in struggles over territory, natural resources, and basic political rights in place. This article focuses on both a handful of cases from the secondary literature and empirical research on Hawai′i's Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail. It discusses essentialist expressions of indigeneity around the preservation and interpretation of Native Hawaiian material culture. Engaging with the literature on articulation theory and indigeneity, it suggests that these essentialisms emerge unintentionally rather than strategically. Its central claim is that the materiality of heritage objects, artifacts, sites, and landscapes plays an unnoticed role in shaping discourses around indigenous identity. The article concludes by suggesting t...
Hybrid Electrochemical/Chemical Synthesis of Supported, Luminescent Semiconductor Nanocrystallites with Size Selectivity: Copper(I) Iodide

β-CuI nanocrystallites (NCs) are synthesized on the atomically smooth graphite basal plane surface using a new hybrid electrochemical/chemical (E/C) method. This method involves the following steps: (1) electrochemical deposition of copper NCs onto an electrode surface, (2) electrochemical oxidation of these copper NCs to yield Cu2O, and (3) displacement of oxygen in Cu2O by iodide in an aqueous KI solution. Dispersions of CuI NCs having mean diameters ranging from 10 to 180 A were prepared using the E/C method. Selected-area electron diffraction analysis reveals that β-CuI NCs are obtained; these NCs are epitaxially aligned with the hexagonal periodicity of the graphite surface, as are the Cu2O precursor particles. For samples of supported CuI NCs having a mean particle height of <25 A, individual NCs were well-separated from one another on the graphite surface and were narrowly dispersed in height. Photoluminescence spectroscopic analysis showed a strong, room temperature emission at an energy correspo...
Hydrolysis of flavin mononucleotide by acid phosphatases from animal tissues

Abstract 1. 1. A comparative survey of the tissues from several animals showed that phosphatases which hydrolyze FMN are widespread. In vertebrates, the greatest activities of these FMN phosphatases were found in liver, kidney, and spleen. Among invertebrates, Limax and Tetrahymena contained high phosphatase activity. 2. 2. The optimum for FMN hydrolysis catalyzed by acid phosphatases from most animals is near pH 5. Extracts from Tetrahymena and Lemax exhibit a second phosphatase activity optimum at pH 3–4. 3. 3. The rate of FMN hydrolysis by liver phosphatase is nearly zero-order at pH 5 with 10 −4 M FMN and 0·25 mg protein for 30 min at 37°C. The temperature optimum is near 40°C. 4. 4. FMN (Km = 10 –3 M) appears to be the best physiological substrate tested, although the synthetic substrates, p -nitrophenylphosphate and o -carboxyphenylphosphate, are readily hydrolyzed. 5. 5. p -Chloromercuribenzoate and p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonate are potent inhibitors, and their effect is reversed by reduced glutathione. Several heavy metal cations are inhibitory unless chelated by EDTA. Phosphate also suppressses the enzyme activity by competitive inhibition.
Differential quadrature solutions for steady-state incompressible and compressible lubrication problems

This paper presents the very first application of the differential quadrature method to the solution of steady-state incompressible and compressible lubrication problems. It is shown that the differential quadrature method is a numerically accurate and computationally efficient technique which can compete against existing methods in use for the solution of lubrication problems
Distress call alternation in peking ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Abstract Peking ducklings ( Anas platyrhynchos ) were found to alternate their distress calls with those of conspecifics. This alternation response consisted of two components: a strong tendency to suppress vocalizing during the conspecific's calls and a weaker tendency to increase vocalizing (above the level given by birds tested in auditory isolation) following those calls. Similar results were obtained whether pairs of ducklings were tested or whether individual ducklings were tested with tape-recorded calls. Further, visual contact with the conspecific, or a mirror image, although not necessary for eliciting an alternation response, did have a significant facilitative effect on this response. This latter effect may have been due to the general arousal-reducing properties of the visual stimulus. Finally, in contrast to the strong response of ducklings to conspecific distress calls, they displayed a much weaker tendency to alternate their calls with (a) clicking sounds and 7.0-kHz tones with the same temporal patterning and intensity as the taped distress calls, (b) 3.8-kHz tones that additionally matched the dominant frequency of the taped calls, and (c) synthetic distress calls that also approximated the frequency modulation of the taped calls. These results indicate that the distress call alternation response is not simply an artifact of a more general orienting response in which ducklings inhibit their own vocalizations whenever they hear any salient auditory stimulus. Rather, the response appears to be quite specifically triggered by the sound of the sibling calls. The present results stand in contrast to the common assertion that young birds largely ignore the distress calls of siblings. These results are, however, consistent with recent literature emphasizing the importance of sibling interactions in the analysis of mallard early social attachments.
A Poststructuralist Perspective on the Third Dimension of Power

Examines the issue of unobtrusive power in organizations by applying a poststructuralist lens to Lukes′ third dimension of power in order to highlight the relationship between ideology, discourse and organizational experience. After identifying the advantages and limitations of this perspective, offers suggestions on how a poststructuralist view of power can inform organizational practice.
Location and Range

It is a familiar practice among philosophers who propose to tackle an elusive notion to avoid making a frontal attack; instead, a more oblique approach is adopted: trying to gain an understanding of that notion through comparing and contrasting its various aspects to those of some related notion. This method, when applied to the study of time, consists of examining the variety of significant similarities and dissimilarities between time and space. It is the method adopted throughout much of this book. We shall begin with comparison. In this chapter we shall discuss what may be said to be the most central characteristic feature of both space and time, and a feature shared by nothing else.
Microscopic feature extraction from optical sections of contracting cardiac muscle cells recorded at high speed

The rapid motion of microscopic features such as the cross-striations of contracting cardiac muscle cells are difficult to capture with conventional RS-170 video systems and image processing approaches. In this report, efforts to extract, enhance and analyze striation data from widefield optical sections of single contracting cells recorded with a charge-coupled device (CCD) video camera modified for high-speed RS-170 compatible operation are described. Each video field from the camera provides four 1/4 height images separated by 4 ms in time for a 240 Hz image acquisition rate. Data are continuously recorded on S-VHS video tape during each experiment. Selected image sequences are digitized field by field and stored in a computer system under automated software control. The four individual images in each video field are separated, geometrically corrected for time base error, and reassembled as a single sequence of images for interpretable visualization. The images are then processed with digital filters and gray scale expansion to preferentially enhance the cross-striations and minimize out of focus features. Regions within each image containing striations are identified and their positions determined and followed during the contraction cycle to obtain individual, regional and cellular sarcomere dynamics. This approach permits the critical evaluation of the magnitude, time course and uniformity of contractile function throughout the volume of a single cell with higher temporal and spatial resolutions than previously possible.
Long-term symptomatic outcomes after Collis gastroplasty with fundoplication

Collis gastroplasty with fundoplication is an accepted treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by short esophagus. The procedure can be done either via left thoracotomy or using minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Few centers have reported long-term follow-up for patients undergoing a Collis gastroplasty using both the open and minimal access techniques. Retrospective review of prospectively collected data at Creighton University was done to identify patients who underwent Collis gastroplasty with fundoplication for GERD. After approval from the institutional review board, the patients were contacted and administered a questionnaire regarding symptoms and satisfaction. Data were entered in a dataset and analyzed from the patient's perspective. Eighty-five patients underwent a Collis gastroplasty procedure over a period of 13 years. Forty-eight percent (41 cases) were performed laparoscopically, and a transthoracic open repair was performed in the rest. Long-term data (more than 9 months) was available on 52 patients. Surgery resulted in complete resolution of heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, and dysphagia in 52, 22, 54, and 29% of patients, respectively. More than 75% of the patients were satisfied with the outcome of surgery, and more than 85% would recommend the procedure to another patient. Collis gastroplasty with fundoplication results in good long-term patient satisfaction and symptom control.
Modifying Maxwell’s equations for dielectric materials based on techniques from viscoelasticity and concepts from fractional calculus

Abstract A mathematical model of viscoelasticity employing fractional order derivatives is adapted and applied to model the dielectric behavior of materials while remaining consistent with thermodynamic principles. The model is then incorporated into Maxwell’s equations using techniques from viscoelasticity. The modified Maxwell’s equations are found to yield a fractional order wave equation that is solved analytically and is found to remain consistent with dissipative and dispersive phenomena.
Agents and acacias: replies to Dennett, Sterelny, and Queller

The commentaries by Dennett, Sterelny, and Queller on Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection (DPNS) are so constructive that they make it possible to extend and improve the book’s framework in several ways. My replies will focus on points of disagreement, and I will pick a small number of themes and develop them in detail. The three replies below are mostly self-contained, except that all my comments about genes, discussed by all three critics, are in the reply to Queller. Agential views of evolution, discussed by Queller and Dennett, are addressed in my reply to Dennett.
Characterizing Fabric Pilling by Using Image-analysis Techniques. Part II: Comparison with Visual Pill Ratings

Pilling was evaluated on 122 solid-shade fabrics in two ways: by a subjective visual rating with ASTM photographic standards and by objective image analysis by using a computer-based imaging system developed specifically for pilling analysis. Pilling features evaluated by image analysis were: the total number, total area, and total volume of pills present; coefficients of variation of distributions of pill size, shape, orientation angle, and contrast; and the uniformity of pill spatial distribution on the fabric. Relationships between human-based visual ratings and objectively measured pill features were explored.
Are mature smokers misinformed

While there are many reasons to continue to smoke in spite of its consequences for health, the concern that many smoke because they misperceive the risks of smoking remains a focus of public discussion and motivates tobacco control policies and litigation. In this paper we investigate the relative accuracy of mature smokers' risk perceptions about future survival, and a range of morbidities and disabilities. Using data from the survey on smoking (SOS) conducted for this research, we compare subjective beliefs elicited from the SOS with corresponding individual-specific objective probabilities estimated from the health and retirement study. Overall, consumers in the age group studied, 50-70, are not overly optimistic in their perceptions of health risk. If anything, smokers tend to be relatively pessimistic about these risks. The finding that smokers are either well informed or pessimistic regarding a broad range of health risks suggests that these beliefs are not pivotal in the decision to continue smoking. Although statements by the tobacco companies may have been misleading and thus encouraged some to start smoking, we find no evidence that systematic misinformation about the health consequences of smoking inhibits quitting.
Outlining regulatory space: Agenda issues and the FASB

Abstract Research examining the process of accounting change has focussed upon dramatic changes such as the rise of discounted cash flow analysis. However, much of accounting change centers around recognition issues and serves to expand and enhance the domain of accrual accounting. This paper employs three studies (accounting for loan fees, leases and nonprofit organizations) to examine the process of enacting change in accounting recognition practices. The paper follows the construction of accounting issues as accounting problems within a regulatory space, and the subsequent construction of these problems as appropriate for standard-setting action. The study employs a regulatory space metaphor and a “logic of appropriateness” to examine the complex processes through which accounting change occurs.