cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
End-Winding Inductance of a Synchronous Machine

Discussion and author's closure of a paper by B. H. Caldwell, Jr., published in the April 1937 issue, pases 455–61 and 474–5, and presented for oral discussion at the power generation and electrical machinery session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis., June 24,1937.
Getting Off Online: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Cyberspace

Understanding the social construction of gender and gender performance within online communities is imperative for social science researchers as the coming decades become increasingly more technological and the cyber age more expansive. The aim of this study is to analyze how race/ethnicity influences gender performance among men who have sex with men (MSM) on and offline. One of the unique aspects of this study is the examination of race, gender, and sexuality online and how it affects the lives of gay men of color, a group studied comparatively less then gay white men. The data is based on content analysis on internet websites and 16 in-depth interviews with men who have sex with men representing various racial/ethnic groups (African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, Mixed-race, and White-Americans). Results from the in-depth interviews revealed the prevalence of sexual racism online and the ways in which it affected how the participants identified online in terms of gender performance and racial and sexual stereotypes. Specifically, many of the participants found ways in which to navigate the sexual marketplace of desire online via the creation of their profiles and allowing the profiles to either play on sexual racialized performance pertinent to their race or manipulate their profiles so that they increased potential mates.
Ritual Powers and Social Tensions as Moral Discourse among the Tuareg

Ritual powers traditionally glossed as “witchcraft” in anthropology need not be an archaic or exotic phenomenon, isolated from historical processes of global political and economic transformation. The author analyzes how, among the Kel Ewey Tuareg of northern Niger, these emerge as a moral discourse, an attempt to make sense of and cope with the interplay of long-standing social forms and emergent sociopolitical transformations.
Power law behavior in diffraction from fractal surfaces

Abstract The angular distribution of the diffraction intensity from a fractal surface is proportional to the power spectrum only when Ω≪1, where Ω is equal to the square of the product of the interface width, w, and the momentum transfer perpendicular to the surface, k⊥. However, it is shown that a power law behavior of the form k−2−2α‖ always exists in the large k‖ regime for all values of Ω, where α is the roughness exponent that is related to the surface fractal dimension Ds through α=3−Ds, and k‖ is the momentum transfer parallel to the surface. This power law behavior was confirmed in a light scattering experiment from a rough Si backside surface under different diffraction conditions, i.e. different k⊥ values.
MULTI-RESOLUTION IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING THE 2-POINT CORRELATION FUNCTIONS

Recently, the 2-point correlation functions (2-pcfs) were employed in building feature vectors for histological image segmentation. The 2-pcfs serve as estimators of material distributions with respect to the component packing in a multi-phase sample. The multi-phase properties estimated by the 2-pcfs were represented in a tensor structure and a HOSVD-based classification algorithm was developed. In this paper, we employ a multi-resolution framework in the image and the 2-pcfs feature scale-space, in order to achieve significant savings in computational costs. We also propose a new formulation of the HOSVD classifier that learns the relative skew in the feature space. The classifier helps in improving the segmentation accuracy. Our improved results are validated against ground-truth generated from large histology images of mouse placenta.
Lasers and nevus of Ota: a comprehensive review

Nevus of Ota is a benign dermal melanocytic nevus that typically affects Asian children and women. The nevus presents as unilateral blue-gray hyperpigmented macules and patches scattered along the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Individuals with nevus of Ota experience emotional and psychosocial distress related to cosmetic disfigurement and often look for treatment options. Unfortunately, even when treated early, lesions of nevus of Ota are still difficult to treat. The use of lasers for the treatment of nevus of Ota lesions has become helpful in the management of dermal nevi. Currently, Q-switched (QS) lasers have been the most studied and demonstrated positive results for treatment of nevus of Ota. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the clinical efficacy and side effects associated with QS lasers and the treatment of nevus of Ota lesions.
Monostatic and bistatic bottom scattering: recent experiments and modeling

In 1993 a special research program on Coastal Benthic Boundary Layers (CBBL, managed by the US Naval Research Laboratory) was begun. As part of that program an autonomous, spatially scanning, sonar system was deployed in a well characterized region off the coast of Florida. The goal was to examine high frequency acoustic scattering from the sediment. This sonar operated at 40 kHz, had a 5/spl deg/ horizontal beamwidth, and acquired backscattering data in a 50 meter radius area three times per hour for three weeks. During part of the deployment it operated in conjunction with a mobile receiving array so as to acquire bistatic data. The experimental apparatus, procedures, and results are presented. Then a recently developed bistatic model is outlined. Finally, this model (driven, in part, by the environmental parameters measured at the experimental site) is tested against the experimental results. >
BULLFROG (RANA CATESBEIANA) INVASION OF A CALIFORNIA RIVER: THE ROLE OF LARVAL COMPETITION

I studied the invasion of Rana catesbeiana (the bullfrog) into a northern California river system where bullfrogs are not native. Native yellow-legged frogs, Rana boylii, a species of special concern, were almost an order of magnitude less abundant in reaches where bullfrogs were well established. I assessed the potential role of larval com- petition in contributing to this displacement in a series of field manipulations of tadpole density and species composition. The impact of R. catesbeiana on native tadpoles in the natural community agreed with the outcome of more artificial experiments testing pairwise and three-way interactions. In 2-M2 enclosures with ambient densities of tadpoles and natural river biota, bullfrog tadpoles caused a 48% reduction in survivorship of R. boylii, and a 24% decline in mass at metamorphosis. Bullfrog larvae had smaller impacts on Pacific treefrogs, Hyla regilla, causing 16% reduction in metamorph size, and no significant effect on survivorship. Bullfrog tadpoles significantly affected benthic algae, although effects varied across sites. Responses to bullfrogs in field settings were similar qualitatively to results seen in smaller-scale experiments designed to study size-structured competition among disparate age/size classes of species pairs and trios. Competition from large over- wintering bullfrog larvae significantly decreased survivorship and growth of native tadpoles. Competition from recently hatched bullfrog larvae also decreased survivorship of R. boylii and H. regilla. Native species competed weakly, both interspecifically and intraspecifically. The only suggestion of a negative impact of a native species on bullfrogs was a weak effect of H. regilla on recent hatchlings. Competition appeared to be mediated by algal resources, and there was no evidence for behavioral or chemical interference. These results indicate that, through larval interactions, bullfrogs can exert differential effects on native frogs and perturb aquatic community structure.
Models for Describing Relations Among the Various Statin Drugs, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering, Pleiotropic Effects, and Cardiovascular Risk†

Five models are proposed to describe the relations among statins, pleiotropic effects, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering, and cardiovascular risk reduction. On the basis of the evidence available, the pleiotropic effects of statins do not appear to reduce cardiovascular risk more than would be predicted from LDL cholesterol lowering alone, which suggests that model 1 is not a valid model. Although most attention has focused on models 2 through 4, most data to date support model 3 for describing the relation between statins, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk. Stronger consideration should also be given to model 5, in which pleiotropic effects are the result of cardiovascular risk reduction in and of itself. It may be that other models are operative for nonatherosclerotic inflammatory disorders. However, beneficial effects of statins on rheumatologic or other noncardiovascular may still be due to effects of cholesterol reduction on the immune system, as in model 3. More high-quality research is needed to determine the role of statin pleiotropic effects in cardiovascular risk reduction. Well-designed animal studies can help elucidate potential mechanisms, which will then require confirmation in human studies with cardiovascular event outcomes. Substudies of cardiovascular end point trials and mechanistic studies should be methodologically sound and designed to test specific models. To sort out the independence of pleiotropic effects from LDL cholesterol lowering, studies will need to achieve similar LDL cholesterol reductions in each treatment group. It may be that the biologic impact of a specific pleiotropic effect is mediated by >1 model. Ultimately, once a predominant model has been identified for a given pleiotropic effect, long-term studies would be needed to evaluate the relative contributions of various pleiotropic effects to cardiovascular risk reduction. These findings may reveal new targets for the development of new agents that will prove effective for reducing cardiovascular events when added to LDL cholesterol lowering. To date, little evidence supports consideration of statin pleiotropic effects in clinical decision making. In conclusion, LDL cholesterol is currently the only reliable marker for statin effects on cardiovascular risk reduction. The focus should remain on closing the treatment gap and improving adherence to therapies directed at lowering LDL cholesterol and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Least Squares Superposition Codes of Moderate Dictionary Size Are Reliable at Rates up to Capacity

For the additive white Gaussian noise channel with average codeword power constraint, coding methods are analyzed in which the codewords are sparse superpositions, that is, linear combinations of subsets of vectors from a given design, with the possible messages indexed by the choice of subset. Decoding is by least squares (maximum likelihood), tailored to the assumed form of codewords being linear combinations of elements of the design. Communication is shown to be reliable with error probability exponentially small for all rates up to the Shannon capacity.
Ultra-compact Dispersive Concentrator Concept for Laterally-arrayed Multi-junction PV Cells

A novel ultra-compact, high-efficiency dispersive solar concentrator concept is evaluated that spectrally splits the incident sunlight onto laterally positioned multiple band-gap PV cells while maintaining the physical profile of a normal lens.
Moral injury: A new challenge for complementary and alternative medicine

Moral injury represents an emerging clinical construct recognized as a source of morbidity in current and former military personnel. Finding effective ways to support those affected by moral injury remains a challenge for both biomedical and complementary and alternative medicine. This paper introduces the concept of moral injury and suggests two complementary and alternative medicine, pastoral care and mindfulness, which may prove useful in supporting military personnel thought to be dealing with moral injury. Research strategies for developing an evidence-base for applying these, and other, complementary and alternative medicine modalities to moral injury are discussed.
Public procurement and the BLS: operationalizing occupational duties

Purpose – Procurement is a specific, yet dynamic area of work and study that is recognized as an occupation by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, there is growing literature that substantiates differences in theory and practice, between procurement practitioners in the private and public sectors. The purpose of this paper is to validate the procurement occupational duties identified by the BLS with actual job activities performed and managed by public sector practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a survey of public sector practitioners to obtain information with regards to occupational duties and job activities in public procurement, as compared to a BLS proxy for procurement. Findings – Public procurement practitioners complete the occupational duties identified by BLS, yet there is one occupational duty in public procurement that is absent from the BLS description for procurement. Practical implications – Empirical data and analysis identifies the potential for...
Design of Photoactive Ruthenium Complexes to Study Electron Transfer and Proton Pumping in Cytochrome Oxidase

Abstract This review describes the development and application of photoactive ruthenium complexes to study electron transfer and proton pumping reactions in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). CcO uses four electrons from Cc to reduce O 2 to two waters, and pumps four protons across the membrane. The electron transfer reactions in cytochrome oxidase are very rapid, and cannot be resolved by stopped-flow mixing techniques. Methods have been developed to covalently attach a photoactive tris(bipyridine)ruthenium group [Ru(II)] to Cc to form Ru-39-Cc. Photoexcitation of Ru(II) to the excited state Ru(II*), a strong reductant, leads to rapid electron transfer to the ferric heme group in Cc, followed by electron transfer to Cu A in CcO with a rate constant of 60,000 s − 1 . Ruthenium kinetics and mutagenesis studies have been used to define the domain for the interaction between Cc and CcO. New ruthenium dimers have also been developed to rapidly inject electrons into Cu A of CcO with yields as high as 60%, allowing measurement of the kinetics of electron transfer and proton release at each step in the oxygen reduction mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory Oxidases.
EFFECT OF RELATIVE WEIGHT ON FAMILIAL BLOOD PRESSURE AGGREGATIONS

Because of recognized associations between body build and blood pressure in individuals, along with familial clustering of these variables, a study was undertaken to determine whether parent-child blood pressure resemblances reflect parent-child similarities in body build. Adolescents were selected to serve as propositi for the parental study from a large school population. To maximize the liklihood of demonstrating existing associations between blood pressure and the body build in family members, blood pressures and weight status of parents whose adolescent children had high blood pressures (Group I parents) were compared with similar observations in parents whose children had low blood pressures (Group II parents). Group III adolescent propositi were selected for high weight status but blood pressure below the mean for their sex group. Group I parents had higher blood pressures and body weight than did Group II parents, similar to the differences in the groups of children. Parents of Group III propositi had high body weight but blood pressure that was intermediate between the other two parent groups. Differences in Group I and III parental blood pressures, despite similar body weights, suggest that familial blood pressure resemblances cannot be solely attributed to familial similarities in body weight.
Excited-state dynamics of (SO2)m clusters.

A study of the excited-state dynamics of (SO2)m clusters following excitation by ultrafast laser pulses in the range of 4.5 eV (coupled 1A2, 1B1 states) and 9 eV (F band) is presented. The findings...
Fluorescence as a tool for age determination in Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Adult culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones were tested using fluo rescence spectrophotometry to determine whether age or sex influenced fluorescence. Males and nulliparous females 0.5, 2.5, and 5.5 d after eclosion were processed, as were uniparous and biparous females 14 d after eclosion. Variability among insects within a sex and age group was moderately high. Males and nulliparous females showed significantly greater fluorescence when very young (0.5 d old). Parous females had significantly lower levels of fluorescence compared with younger milliparous females and males, but uniparous females could not be differentiated from biparous females of the same absolute age. Fluorescence as applied here appears to have limited utility as a tool for age determination in this vector species
Moving Through the Future Affective Memory in Prognosis Time

From Bergson’s “spatialization of time” to Deleuze’s concept of the “time-image,” it seems clear that time is central to any theory of movement. But what happens to our ability to “move” chronologically through time in the era of preemptive governance and the statistical management of populations? This chapter looks critically and evocatively at what is happening to time in the era of catastrophic risk and how subjects adjust to their own “dividual-ization” in the biopolitical assemblage of preemptive temporality, drawing on the work of Sarah Lochlann Jain. In her studies of the cancer patient’s body in time and risk, Jain argues that “living in prognosis” is a way of moving, albeit one that problematizes attempts to move through linear time. Unable to either anticipate or/and preempt future risk with certainty or mourn a clear and inevitable death, prognosis places the body in the in-between of statistical calculation, ever vulnerable to the emergence of new threats unforeseen, marking a shift in subject...
Sleep and physical activity as modifiable risk factors in age-associated cognitive decline

The number of older adults over the age of 65 is rapidly increasing. This change in demographics will not only increase the prevalence of chronic medical issues, but also result in higher rates of age-associated cognitive decline. Mechanisms for age-related cognitive decline are unclear, although many persons show Alzheimer’s disease pathology, changes to cerebral blood flow, inflammation, and structural changes such as atrophy and increased white matter lesions. Increased levels of physical activity and exercise have been found to benefit older adults’ cognitive functioning through changes in brain volume and cerebral blood flow. However, these studies are unable to explain the cognitive benefits of physical activity and exercise in the absence of improvement in brain structure or blood flow, suggesting other moderating factors. An unexamined factor that may link physical activity/exercise and cognition in older adults is improved sleep. Poor sleep has already been found to contribute to cognitive decline and to improve through increased physical activity or exercise in older adults. To date, few studies have examined the relationship among cognition, physical activity/exercise, and sleep. It is unknown if sleep is a moderator for the cognitive benefits of physical activity in older adults. This review proposes sleep as a potential moderator between cognitive function and physical activity/exercise by way of cerebral blood flow. Clinical implications and future areas of research will also be discussed.
Analysis of Influenza Surveillance in Wuwei City from 2009 to 2012

Objective: To describe and analyze the influenza characteristics in Wuwei city from 2009 to 2012, and to provide a scientific basis for influenza control. Methods: Influenza-like cases data and influenza virus surveillance data of Wuwei City from June2009 to December 2012 were collected to analyze the regularity trend of ILI%(influenza-like illness consultation ratio), the distribution of the ILI ages and the activity discipline of each influenza virus type.Results: The ILI% of 2009-2012 in Wuwei City were 1.94%, 1.55%,1.12% and 1.15% respectively and the ILI% peak times were June(2009), July(2010) and October to the following March(2011 and2012) respectively. The ages of ILI were mainly under 15 years. 2009-2012, the pathogen detection positive rate of ILI samples was19.00%; 2009, A(H1N1) was the dominant strain, the constituent ratio was 76.64%; 2010, it was mixed epidemic in seasonal H3(60.00%) and B-type(29.23%); 2011, the epidemic strain were mainly A(H1N1)(26.47%), seasonal H3(29.41%) and A unclassified(29.41%); 2012, it was mixed epidemic in seasonal H3(31.78%) and B-type(53.49 %). Conclusion: After the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic, the epidemic of influenza was relatively stable in Wuwei and the epidemic strain was constantly changing.
Sustainability innovation foundry %3CU%2B2013%3E FY13 : merging research and operations.

Sustainability is a critical national security issue for the U.S. and other nations. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is already a global leader in sustainability science and technology (SS&T) as documented in this report. This report documents the ongoing work conducted this year as part of the Sustainability Innovation Foundry (SIF). The efforts of the SIF support Sandia's national and international security missions related to sustainability and resilience revolving around energy use, water use, and materials, both on site at Sandia and externally. The SIF leverages existing Sandia research and development (R&D) in sustainability science and technology to support new solutions to complex problems. The SIF also builds on existing Sandia initiatives to support transformation of Sandia into a fully sustainable entity in terms of materials, energy, and water use. In the long term, the SIF will demonstrate the efficacy of sustainability technology developed at Sandia through prototyping and test bed approaches and will provide a common platform for support of solutions to the complex problems surrounding sustainability. Highlights from this year include the Sustainability Idea Challenge, improvements in facilities energy use, lectures and presentations from relevant experts in sustainability [Dr. Barry Hughes, University of Denver], and significant development of themore » Institutional Transformation (IX) modeling tools to support evaluation of proposed modifications to the SNL infrastructure to realize energy savings.« less
War and the Graphic Novel: Memory as Enthymeme in Maus and Waltz with Bashir

Chapter 2 illuminates the trauma of war through a relatively new form of war documentation: the graphic novel memoir. Like its cousin, the literary memoir, the graphic novel memoir attempts to document the fractured experiences of war, through a subjective lens of perception. In particular, these two texts analyze the residual effects of war from a generational perspective, and how trauma not only wreaks havoc on the psyche of the soldier but also painfully resonates within the lives of the soldier’s family.
Injectable and Implantable Agents: Current Evidence and Perspective

Injection of bulking agents into the anal canal is considered a “minimally invasive” approach to treat fecal incontinence. Different materials are currently available. Bulking agents can be injected into the anal canal submucosa, intersphincteric or within the sphincter defect scar tissue; the route of injection has been transanal/transmucosal, transsphincteric or intersphincteric, at different levels of the anal canal, in two, three, four, or more locations. A few adverse events have been documented following the bulking agents injection. Very variable results have been reported in numerous studies; however, frequently they are inconsistent and, in the majority of reports, referred to a limited duration of follow-up.
Scale and curvature effects in principal geodesic analysis

There is growing interest in using the close connection between differential geometry and statistics to model smooth manifold-valued data. In particular, much work has been done recently to generalize principal component analysis (PCA), the method of dimension reduction in linear spaces, to Riemannian manifolds. One such generalization is known as principal geodesic analysis (PGA). This paper, in a novel fashion, obtains Taylor expansions in scaling parameters introduced in the domain of objective functions in PGA. It is shown this technique not only leads to better closed-form approximations of PGA but also reveals the effects that scale, curvature and the distribution of data have on solutions to PGA and on their differences to first-order tangent space approximations. This approach should be able to be applied not only to PGA but also to other generalizations of PCA and more generally to other intrinsic statistics on Riemannian manifolds.
Intramedullary Capillary Hemangioma

Capillary hemangiomas are superficial vascular lesions which are not infrequently seen in the subcutaneous tumors such as the scalp, face, neck, oral cavity, and the nasal vault. They may grow internally and may involve the central nervous system.
Azoalkane Decompositions as Measures of Radical Substituent Effects

The thermal decomposition of substituted azopropanes is shown to be a good model for determining radical substituent effects. In this series steric and inductive contributions are minor with the most significant portion of the 109 rate acceleration (16 kcal/mol) differences being the result of electronic (resonance) stabilization. These results have been correlated with other systems of generating radicals and have been related to ESR studies and molecular orbital calculations.
Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score Infarct Location Predicts Outcome Following M2 Occlusion.

Background: Although it is generally thought that patients with distal middle cerebral artery (M2) occlusion have a favorable outcome, it has previously been demonstrated that a substantial minority will have a poor outcome by 90 days. We sought to determine whether assessing the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) infarct location allows for identifying patients at risk for a poor 90 day outcome. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with isolated acute M2 occlusion admitted to a single academic center between January 2010 to August 2012. Infarct regions were defined according to ASPECTS system on the initial head CT. Discriminant function analysis was used to define specific ASPECTS regions that are predictive of the 90 day functional outcome as defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3-6. In addition, logistic regression was used to model the relationship between each individual ASPECT region with poor outcome; for evaluation and comparison, odds ratios, c-statistics, and Akaike information criterion values were estimated for each region. Results: 90 patients with isolated M2 were included in the final analysis. ASPECTS score ≤ 6 predicted poor outcome in this cohort (sensitivity=0.591, specificity=0.838, p<0.001). Using multiple approaches, we found that infarction in ASPECTS regions M3 and M6 were strongly associated with poor functional status by 90 days. Conclusion: Infarction in ASPECTS regions M3 and M6 are key predictors of functional outcome following isolated distal M2 occlusion. These findings will be helpful in stratifying outcomes if validated in future studies.
Surgery and Clinical Imaging for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the radiologist interested in pelvic floor imaging with a surgical perspective of pelvic floor dysfunction. Although individual surgeons may have different reasons for requesting imaging studies, the basic question to be answered remains the same: the preoperative identifi cation of all surgically treatable prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. It is estimated that 11.1% of women will undergo a single operation for pelvic floor dysfunction in their lifetime. Nearly 30% of these patients will require a second operation (Olsen et al. 1997). Projections over the next 30 years show the at-risk population will increase by 22%, but the demand for care will increase by 45%, reflecting a higher number of visits for patients as they age (Luber 2001). Improving the care of these patients has major implications for health-care systems.
Deus EM Machina: On-Touch Contextual Functionality for Smart IoT Appliances

Homes, offices and many other environments will be increasingly saturated with connected, computational appliances, forming the "Internet of Things" (IoT). At present, most of these devices rely on mechanical inputs, webpages, or smartphone apps for control. However, as IoT devices proliferate, these existing interaction methods will become increasingly cumbersome. Will future smart-home owners have to scroll though pages of apps to select and dim their lights? We propose an approach where users simply tap a smartphone to an appliance to discover and rapidly utilize contextual functionality. To achieve this, our prototype smartphone recognizes physical contact with uninstrumented appliances, and summons appliance-specific interfaces. Our user study suggests high accuracy 98.8% recognition accuracy among 17 appliances. Finally, to underscore the immediate feasibility and utility of our system, we built twelve example applications, including six fully functional end-to-end demonstrations.
Light transport through ultrafast chaotic micro-cavities for photonic physical unclonable functions

We present a comprehensive ray tracing analysis of a novel photonic physical unclonable function (PUF) based upon the ultrafast nonlinear optical interactions in a silicon chaotic micro-cavity exploited for secure authentication and communication. The cavity's design exhibits complex chaotic behavior that ensures extreme sensitivity to the precise physical structure made unique through fabrication variances. As such, the PUF's security is partly ensured by the extreme difficultly faced in simulating a cavity's response with significant accuracy. However, general behavior from simulations can guide the design process to, for example, maximize response unpredictability and enhance interaction complexity. Although computational electrodynamic methods which solve Maxwell's equations are prevalent, they have high processing costs which negate rapid design optimization. Here we show the results of a ray tracing analysis to quantify the chaotic nature of the device and examine the subsequent impact of fabrication variance. We further compare these results to finite element simulations and experimental results to examine accuracy. This computationally-efficient method can serve as a valuable tool in the development of these next-generation security devices.
Goals-of-care discussions

Goals-of-care conversations led by the oncologist are key to advancing the prognostic awareness of the patient and family, but too frequently do not occur or are ineffective in leading to advance care planning and appropriate planning for end-of-life care. At our institution, a phase 3 trial of palliative care added to usual care of phase 1 clinical trial patients gave us the opportunity to develop an electronic medical record-based goals-of-care template for discussions. We can complete all or parts of the form with patients, use it to ensure full coverage of important tasks such as planning for transition to hospice and legacy work, and make sure all the providers are "on the same page" about treatment plans. We have this within our EMR as a SmartPhrase that can be brought up for completion, and have found that it helps to clarify patient understanding. The form can also be used to document advance care planning for both clinical care and billing. Although this tool has not been formally tested, we have found that it is effective in day-to-day practice as well as in research, and we share it here.
Reducing the number of reconstructions needed for estimating channelized observer performance.

A challenge for task-based optimization is the time required for each reconstructed image in applications where reconstructions are time consuming. Our goal is to reduce the number of reconstructions needed to estimate the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the infinitely-trained optimal channelized linear observer. We explore the use of classifiers which either do not invert the channel covariance matrix or do feature selection. We also study the assumption that multiple low contrast signals in the same image of a non-linear reconstruction do not significantly change the estimate of the AUC. We compared the AUC of several classifiers (Hotelling, logistic regression, logistic regression using Firth bias reduction and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)) with a small number of observations both for normal simulated data and images from a total variation reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used 10 Laguerre-Gauss channels and the Mann-Whitney estimator for AUC. For this data, our results show that at small sample sizes feature selection using the LASSO technique can decrease bias of the AUC estimation with increased variance and that for large sample sizes the difference between these classifiers is small. We also compared the use of multiple signals in a single reconstructed image to reduce the number of reconstructions in a total variation reconstruction for accelerated imaging in MRI. We found that AUC estimation using multiple low contrast signals in the same image resulted in similar AUC estimates as doing a single reconstruction per signal leading to a 13x reduction in the number of reconstructions needed.
Scientific discourse of citizen scientists: Models as a boundary object for collaborative problem solving

Abstract In this study, we examine the nature of scientific discourse among participants enrolled in two citizen science projects as they engage in collaborative modeling and problem solving. Specifically, we explore the nature of their conversation as they use, the Mental Modeler, an online collaborative modeling tool to facilitate science engagement, systems-thinking and reasoning. This paper applies an analytical approach that uses visual representations and the discourse around building these representations to understand the shifts in scientific discourse and interpret complex interaction patterns between participants and facilitators in the computer-based learning environment. Findings suggest that the Mental Modeler serves as a boundary object that empowers participants and facilitators to collaboratively engage with scientific topics and practices through the development of scientific discourse and deeper learning in problem solving contexts. Findings shows patterns for group modeling in terms of shifting from bottom-up level to top-down level of discussions. In addition, the results show greater group collaboration and interaction when participants engage in the discussion by using the Mental Modeler to plan and model the citizen science projects.
Health information management in the home: A human factors assessment

OBJECTIVE Achieving optimal health outcomes requires that consumers maintain myriad health data and understand how to utilize appropriate health information management applications. This case study investigated four families' health information management tasks in their homes. PARTICIPANTS Four different families participated in the study: a single parent household; two nuclear family households; and an extended family household. METHODS A work system model known as the balance model was used as a guiding framework for data collection. Data collection consisted of three stages: (1) primary health information manager interviews; (2) family interviews; and (3) task observations. RESULTS Overall, families reported 69 unique health information management tasks that took place in nine different locations, using 22 different information storage artifacts. Frequently occurring tasks related to health management or health coordination were conducted in public spaces. Less frequent or more time-consuming tasks, such as researching a health concern or storing medical history, were performed in private spaces such as bedrooms or studies. CONCLUSIONS Similarities across households suggest potential foundational design elements that consumer health information technology application designers need to balance with tailored interventions to successfully support variations in individuals' health information management needs.
Definition in a Quinean World

It has been nearly forty years since the publication of ‘Two Dogmas of Empiricism.’1 Despite some vigorous rebuttals during that interval,2 Quine’s rejection of analyticity still prevails — in that philosophers en masse have either joined Quine in repudiating the “analytic”/“synthetic” distinction or remained (however mutinously) silent and made no claims of analyticity.
Treatment Services for Adolescent Substance Abuse

Adolescent substance abuse has been a public health concern for decades, but the scientific knowledge base on the services engaged to treat this problem is comparatively new. This nascent knowledge base is poised to expand exponentially, as researchers and treatment providers struggle to meet a rising demand for evidence-based treatment services. Until recently, research on adolescent substance abuse consisted primarily of a limited set of large-scale national studies of adults that included adolescent samples (e.g., Drug Abuse Reporting Program, Treatment Outcome Prospective Study, National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study), small studies with methodological problems, and program evaluations. Within the past decade, adolescent substance abuse and its treatment have developed as important topics of inquiry in their own right, with more resources and high-quality research efforts being targeted on this persistent and pressing public health issue. These advances notwithstanding, few communities provide sufficient treatment services for adolescents who use alcohol, marijuana, nicotine, and other illicit drugs. Only about 10% of adolescents who need substance abuse treatment currently receive it (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, [SAMHSA], 2002), and of those who receive treatment, only about one quarter receive the full range of services prescribed (Dennis & McGeary, 1999). This chapter focuses on the nature of adolescent substance abuse and the services intended to treat it. For clarity, we use the term, treatment services, broadly to denote the full range of health and social services employed to contend with substance abuse disorders in adolescents. These
On CC and CS Descriptions of Phase-Sensitive Cross Sections: Computations for He + HCl

The coupled states or centrifugal sudden (CS) approximation1-3 is widely recognized as the most accurate of a general class of angular momentum decoupling approximations developed over the past decade for the purpose of treating molecular collisions. Considerable effort has been expended in clarifying the approximation and determining its optimum form.3-8 It has been established that the CS parameter \( \overline \ell \), which enters when the centrifugal potential operator L2/2MR2 is approximated by the form1 \( \overline \ell \left( {\overline \ell + 1} \right)^2 /2MR^2 \), must retain the character of an orbital angular momentum quantum number.3-8 Furthermore, it has been shown that the technique of l-labelling [i.e., choosing the CS \( \overline \ell \) parameter as a function of the initial (l) and final (l′) values of the orbital angular momenta when calculating a particular Arthurs-Dalgarno9 T matrix element TJ(j′l′|jl)] and the proper choice of phase enables one to (a) satisfy exactly the proper asymptotic boundary conditions,3-8,10-12 (b) ensure time reversal symmetry,13,14 (c) obtain exact results in the limit of zero potential anisotropy (thereby ensuring that the helicity transitions induced by tumbling of the atom-diatom system in space are exactly described15) and (d) build back in effects of the rotation of the scattering vector (in an approximate fashion) so that the resulting CS approximation to the T matrix in the coordinate representation is no longer local (diagonal) in the angles.16
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic and Duodenal Injury

Early diagnosis is hampered by the retroperitoneal location of these organs which minimizes, and thereby delays, physical findings. Such delay allows the incipient development of both local inflammation which impairs technical repair and systemic sepsis which significantly increases postoperative morbidity and mortality from multiple end organ failure.
Localization and quantitation of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc- globulin) in human neutrophils

Plasma-derived vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is an important physiologic regulator of the neutrophil chemotactic response to activated complement. A cell-associated form of DBP has been observed in numerous cell types. We now report that mature, circulating human neutrophils also contain cell-associated DBP. Immunofluorescence studies of normal untreated neutrophils showed the presence of DBP on the cell surface. Western blotting of detergent-soluble neutrophil lysates with a polyclonal anti-DBP showed two major immunoreactive bands, one with an apparent molecular weight of 56 Kd (identical to purified plasma-derived DBP) and a second less prominent band at 12 to 14 Kd. Quantitation of the immunoreactive bands by video densitometry indicated that normal human neutrophils contain 1.5 +/- 0.8 ng DBP/10(6) cells (n = 9). Immunoprecipitation of detergent-soluble lysates with the polyclonal anti-DBP showed only the 56-Kd form by Western blotting. In contrast, a monoclonal anti-DBP immunoprecipitated the 12 to 14 Kd form of DBP from lysates of surface-radioiodinated cells. Western blots of subcellular fractions showed that immunoreactive bands were found in the specific (secondary) granule and plasma-membrane fractions. In addition, pretreatment of neutrophils with 10 nmol/L phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in approximately a 50% reduction in the amount of DBP in both the specific granule and plasma-membrane fractions. Finally, analysis of the cell- free supernates showed that DBP was spontaneously released into the extracellular milieu: moreover, this release was enhanced if the cells were first stimulated with C5a, formyl-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fNLP) or PMA.
Heteroleptic nickel complexes of a bulky bis(carbene)borate ligand

Abstract Bis(carbene)borate ligand transfer to the nickel nitrosyl synthon Ni(NO)(PPh3)2Br provides the new nickel nitrosyl complex Ph2B(tBuIm)2Ni(NO)(PPh3). The solid state structure reveals a trigonal pyramidal nickel ion with a very long bond to the apical PPh3 ligand. The complex reversibly dissociates PPh3 in solution to afford three-coordinate Ph2B(tBuIm)2Ni(NO), with NMR data providing evidence for PPh3 binding at low temperatures. Ligand transfer to Ni(PMe3)2Cl2 provides the square planar complex, Ph2B(tBuIm)2Ni(PMe3)Cl, which shows no evidence for rearranging to the form a homoleptic complex with two bis(carbene)borate ligands. This complex is a suitable synthon for the [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Ni]+ fragment, as demonstrated by the synthesis of the π-allyl complex Ph2B(tBuIm)2Ni(η3-C7H7). The π-allyl complex reacts with O2 to provide benzaldehyde and an unstable complex that is tentatively identified as the nickel(II) hydroxide [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Ni(μ-OH)]2.
Acute liver failure: A review for emergency physicians.

Abstract Introduction Acute liver failure (ALF) remains a high-risk clinical presentation, and many patients require emergency department (ED) management for complications and stabilization. Objective This narrative review provides an evidence-based summary of the current data for the emergency medicine evaluation and management of ALF. Discussion While ALF remains a rare clinical presentation, surveillance data suggest an overall incidence between 1 and 6 cases per million people every year, accounting for 6% of liver-related deaths and 7% of orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) in the U.S. The definition of ALF includes neurologic dysfunction, an international normalized ratio ≥ 1.5, no prior evidence of liver disease, and a disease course of ≤26 weeks, and can be further divided into hyperacute, acute, and subacute presentations. There are many underlying etiologies, including acetaminophen toxicity, drug induced liver injury, and hepatitis. Emergency physicians will be faced with several complications, including encephalopathy, coagulopathy, infectious processes, renal injury, and hemodynamic instability. Critical patients should be evaluated in the resuscitation bay, and consultation with the transplant team for appropriate patients improves patient outcomes. This review provides several guiding principles for management of acute complications. Using a pathophysiological-guided approach to the management of ALF associated complications is essential to optimizing patient care. Conclusions ALF remains a rare clinical presentation, but has significant morbidity and mortality. Physicians must rapidly diagnose these patients while evaluating for other diseases and complications. Early consultation with a transplantation center is imperative, as is identifying the underlying etiology and initiating symptomatic care.
New Fathers' Perceptions of Dyadic Adjustment: The Roles of Maternal Gatekeeping and Coparenting Closeness.

Although the association between maternal gatekeeping and relationship functioning has been explored by a few studies, none of these have focused on fathers' perceptions of these constructs. Given that today's new fathers are challenged by elevated expectations for active parenting and coparenting even as most new mothers remain primary caregivers of infant children, this is a critical omission. This study examined the associations between new fathers' perceptions of maternal gatekeeping and change in dyadic adjustment as mediated through coparenting closeness. Maternal gatekeeping was reported by 182 fathers at 3 months postpartum, coparenting closeness was reported at 3 and 6 months postpartum, and dyadic adjustment was reported during the third trimester of pregnancy and at 9 months postpartum. Fathers' perceptions of relative change in coparenting closeness from 3 to 6 months mediated associations between fathers' perceptions of maternal gatekeeping at 3 months and relative change in dyadic adjustment from the third trimester to 9 months postpartum. In particular, findings indicate that greater perceived maternal gate opening was associated with higher levels of dyadic adjustment through higher levels of coparenting closeness, whereas greater perceived maternal gate closing was associated with lower levels of dyadic adjustment through lower levels of coparenting closeness. This study highlights the importance of studying fathers in the context of the family system and the role of the coparenting relationship at the transition to parenthood in couple relationship functioning.
Clinical Applications of Compressed Spectral Analysis (CSA) in OR/ICU Settings

ABSTRACT.Advanced technology in the modern medical field is providing methods for obtaining and analyzing physiological data in rapidly expanding clinical settings. Spectral analysis for years was used primarily as a research tool and limited in clinical application. This limitation generally was caused by the need for large, stationary computers with their exorbitant cost, and the lack of knowledgeable, trained support staff. The advancement of third generation instrumentation is introducing the use of spectral analysis in routine clinical settings. Discussion of the paper includes the applications of compressed spectral analysis (CSA) in intensive care, surgical anesthesia, carotid endarterectomy and cardiac bypass monitoring as well as research.
Peanut Yield Gains Over the Past Fifty Years

ABSTRACT To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the American Peanut Research and Education Society (APRES) we examined the changes in average yields of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during that time...