cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular permeability changes in human diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose. The authors used histochemical analysis to determine whether increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoreactivity in diabetic retinal vessels is related to increased vascular permeability, as indicated by human serum albumin (HSA) immunostaining, or to presumed retinal hypoxia, as demonstrated by decreased vascularity. A correlation between VEGF and HSA in cryosections with angiopathic changes in the adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) flat-embedded fellow retinas was sought. Because VEGF is a heparin-binding protein, the relation between VEGF and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) immunoreactivities was also investigated. Methods. Cryopreserved eyes from 18 diabetic and 9 nondiabetic subjects removed after death were sectioned and immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies against VEGF, HSA, HSPG, vWf (von Willebrand factor), and collagen IV. The fellow retinas were prepared by our ADPase flat-embedding technique to determine the degree of diabetic retinopathy. The number of positive vessels for each antibody and antibody localizations were determined by light microscopy. Results. The average number of VEGF-stained vessels in diabetic retinas was significantly higher than in nondiabetic retinas (P = 0.04). In diabetic retinas, there was a positive correlation between the distribution of VEGF-positive vessels and the distribution of HSA- and HSPGpositive vessels. No such correlation was observed in nondiabetic eyes. In many cases, HSPG immunoreactivity appeared colocalized with VEGF immunoreactivity, suggesting VEGF binding to HSPG. The comparison with the ADPase flat-embedded fellow retinas suggested that increased VEGF immunoreactivity and vascular permeability may occur before morphologic changes in the vasculature. Conclusions. Vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was correlated with increased vascular permeability to macromolecules and appears to be increased in diabetic subjects before the onset of retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:2729-2741.
Expanding metal cation options in polymeric anion exchange membranes

Here we present the synthesis of new metal-containing ROMP-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) incorporating either ruthenium, nickel, or cobalt. To accomplish this, homoleptic norbornene monomers were synthesized, cross-linked, and compared to systems previously synthesized, which featured heteroleptic ruthenium-containing monomers. This produced AEMs with varying metal cations, in an effort to elucidate the effect different metals have on AEM properties. The metal had minimal effect on water uptake and mechanical properties, while also maintaining excellent chemical stability. Conductivity, however, appeared to change as the metal changed, with the nickel-cation-containing AEM performing the best among all equivalent metal cations studied. These results indicate that metal-cation-based AEMs need not be limited to ruthenium.
Accelerated Adaptive Local Scanning of Complicated Micro Objects for the PSD Scanning Microscopy: Methods and Implementation

A PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) -based microscopy was introduced previously by same authors to scan sophisticated objects using the PSD sensor and a laser beam connected to an X-Y table (Rahimi et al., 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), pp 1685–1690 (2014) [1]; Rahimi et al., 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp 4955–4960 (2015) [2]). The system has numerous capabilities including but not limited to tracing an unknown object on the PSD, finding the dimensions of the object and adaptive local scanning for objects with intersections and bifurcations. Although promising results were obtained from that system, the speed of the scanning was still dependent on the speed of the movement of the micromanipulator. This work presents an extension to the tracing method by scanning tree-shaped objects. The simulations show a very successful scanning that can map any tree-shaped object.
A Conservationist's Appraisal of the Missouri Development Program

HE Missouri Basin includes about one-sixth of the land area, one-fourth the farm land and one-fourth the cropland of our United States. The Basin is, of course, paramount to the people who inhabit it and the agricultural significance, together with the industrial and other parts of our economy within its boundaries, makes the Basin of no little importance to the nation. During the last three or four decades we have stepped up the development tempo within the Basin-at least the part involving direct exertion of the public's efforts. A number of lines of public endeavors were initiated during the 'teens and 'twenties. Some of these were federal activities involving application of a nation-wide program either throughout or within a specific portion of the Basin. Some were endeavors by states or through local government-as counties, municipalities, irrigation districts, drainage districts and the like. In the thirties, partly because of the depression and the drought-which was particularly severe in a large portion of the Basin-certain going public activities were re-emphasized and additional ones were initiated. Several of these stressed either
Genetic architecture of wild soybean ( Glycine soja ) response to soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines )

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most destructive pathogens of soybean plants worldwide. Host-plant resistance is an environmentally friendly method to mitigate SCN damage. To date, the resistant soybean cultivars harbor limited genetic variation, and some are losing resistance. Thus, a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms of the SCN resistance, as well as developing diverse resistant soybean cultivars, is urgently needed. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 1032 wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions with over 42,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to understand the genetic architecture of G. soja resistance to SCN race 1. Ten SNPs were significantly associated with the response to race 1. Three SNPs on chromosome 18 were localized within the previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and two of which were localized within a strong linkage disequilibrium block encompassing a nucleotide-binding (NB)-ARC disease resistance gene (Glyma.18G102600). Genes encoding methyltransferases, the calcium-dependent signaling protein, the leucine-rich repeat kinase family protein, and the NB-ARC disease resistance protein, were identified as promising candidate genes. The identified SNPs and candidate genes can not only shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying SCN resistance, but also can facilitate soybean improvement employing wild genetic resources.
Drosophila MIC60/mitofilin conducts dual roles in mitochondrial motility and crista structure.

Mitochondria are crucial organelles for providing energy for a cell. It is known that MIC60/mitofilin is important for maintaining mitochondrial structure in dissociated cells; however, its physiol...
Linked Data Metadata for Digital Clothing Collections

The historical clothing collections held by academic and other institutions serve as an important resource for scholars in fields ranging from fashion design to sociology. While metadata schemes ha...
Summoned: Identification and Religious Life in a Jewish Neighborhood

Iddo Tavory's Summoned: Identification and Religious life in a Jewish Neighborhood is a fresh and theoretically significant ethnographic study of how identity is complexly constructed, negotiated, ...
Electron Transport During Solar Flares

In this chapter we discuss microwave observation as a tool for investigating kinetic process of high energy electrons in solar flares. An ultimate goal of such studies is determination of electron evolution as a result of acceleration and transport in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic field, and our focus is on why microwave radiation should be adequate for achieving this goal. The microwave studies devoted to such problems are briefly reviewed, and the main paradigms are expressed in simple formulations for so-called trap-and-precipitation systems. These formulations are then taken as a basis for organizing and illuminating contemporary ideas that recently emerged, including direct precipitation, various pitch angle scattering, and energy variation. The ideas enlarged from the discussions may guide the use of the FASR as an exceptional tool for solar flare study.
On stochastic bilinear systems

This paper uses noncommutative dilation theory to develop a theory of stochastic bilinear systems. A certain stochastic bilinear realization and partial realization problem is solved. A new Caratheodory interpolation problem is presented and solved.
Some useful concepts for the designer in treating cumulative fatigue damage at elevated temperatures

The paper concentrates on three subjects: (1) further development of the double-linear damage rule for cumulative fatigue damage summation in the sub-creep temperature range; (2) a new consideration of the effect of strain reversals in the creep range of materials, whereby reversals that occur later in the histogram can influence the degree of damage caused by earlier loading events; and (3) the application of the minimum-commitment time-temperature parameter to the treatment of creep rupture of multiheats wherein considerable differences in properties of individual heats may occur. Numerical examples and plots are given.
5.12 – Ocean-Derived Aerosol and Its Climate Impacts

Ocean-derived aerosols result from wind-driven injection of sea spray into the atmosphere and gas-to-particle conversion processes in the atmosphere. These different production mechanisms result in a broad range of particle sizes and chemical composition that have implications for the impact of ocean-derived aerosol on climate. Here, production mechanisms, properties, and climate impacts of ocean-derived aerosol are reviewed.
Need for arthrodesis following facetectomy for spinal peripheral nerve sheath tumors: an institutional experience and review of the current literature.

OBJECTIVE Spinal peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are a group of rare tumors originating from the nerve and its supporting structures. Standard surgical management typically entails laminectomy with or without facetectomy to gain adequate tumor exposure. Arthrodesis is occasionally performed to maintain spinal stability and mitigate the risk of postoperative deformity, pain, or neurological deficit. However, the factors associated with the need for instrumentation in addition to PNST resection in the same setting remain unclear. METHODS An institutional tumor registry at a tertiary care center was queried for patients treated surgically for a primary diagnosis of spinal PNST between 2002 and 2016. An analysis focused on patients in whom a facetectomy was performed during the resection. The addition of arthrodesis at the index procedure comprised the primary outcome. The authors also recorded baseline demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgery-related variables. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with increased risk of fusion surgery. RESULTS A total of 163 patients were identified, of which 56 (32 had facetectomy with fusion, 24 had facetectomy alone) were analyzed. The median age was 48 years, and 50% of the cohort was female. Age, sex, and race, as well as tumor histology and size, were evenly distributed between patients who received facetectomy alone and those who had facetectomy and fusion. On univariate analysis, total versus subtotal facetectomy (OR 9.0, 95% CI 2.01-64.2; p = 0.009) and cervicothoracic versus other spinal region (OR 9.0, 95% CI 1.51-172.9; p = 0.048) were significantly associated with increased odds of performing immediate fusion. On multivariable analysis, only the effect of total facetectomy remained statistically significant (OR 6.75, 95% CI 1.47-48.8; p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The authors found that total facetectomy and cervicothoracic involvement may be highly associated with the need for concomitant arthrodesis at the time of index surgery. These findings may help surgeons to determine the best surgical planning for patients with PNST.
L1 Adaptive Control for Switching Reference Systems: Application to Flight Control

Abstract This paper presents a framework for design and analysis of an L1 adaptive controller with switching reference systems. Use of switching reference systems allows the desired behavior to be scheduled across the operating envelope, which is often required in aerospace applications. The analysis uses a switched reference system that assumes perfect knowledge of uncertainties and uses corresponding non-adaptive controller. Provided that this switched reference system is stable, it is shown that the closed-loop system with unknown parameters and disturbances and the L1 adaptive controller can behave arbitrarily close to this reference system. Simulations of the short period dynamics of a transport class aircraft during the approach phase illustrate the theoretical results.
Elite Bargains and External Influence: Security Assistance and Civil-Military Relations in Post-War Liberia and Sierra Leone

This article explores how elite bargains affect external influence over civil-military relations. It argues that opportunities for security assistance arise from fragmented post-war coalitions and ...
History, mass loss, structure, and dynamic behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet

Antarctica contains most of Earth's fresh water stored in two large ice sheets. The more stable East Antarctic Ice Sheet is larger and older, rests on higher topography, and hides entire mountain ranges and ancient lakes. The less stable West Antarctic Ice Sheet is smaller and younger and was formed on what was once a shallow sea. Recent observations made with several independent satellite measurements demonstrate that several regions of Antarctica are losing mass, flowing faster, and retreating where ice is exposed to warm ocean waters. The Antarctic contribution to sea level rise has reached ~8 millimeters since 1992. In the future, if warming ocean waters and increased surface meltwater trigger faster ice flow, sea level rise will accelerate.
Interpretative guides for interacting with tissue atlas and digital pathology data using the Minerva browser

The recent introduction of highly multiplexed imaging of human tissues and tumors promises to fundamentally advance research in tissue biology and human disease. At the same time, histopathology in the clinical setting is undergoing a rapid transition to digital methods. Thus, repositories of imaging data from research and clinical specimens will soon join genomic databases as a means to systematically explore the molecular basis of disease. Even with recent advances in machine learning, experience in anatomic pathology has shown that there is no substitute for expert visual review, annotation, and description of image data. We review the ecosystem of software available for atlas and histopathology images and introduce a new Web-based software tool, Minerva Story, that addresses a critical unmet need. Minerva is an interpretative and interactive guide to complex images organized around guided analysis. We discuss how Minerva and similar software will be integrated into multi-omic browsers for data dissemination of future atlases.
Exposure to JUUL use: cue reactivity effects in young adult current and former smokers.

Background Exposure to the use of first, second and third generations of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) elicits the desire to vape and smoke among observers, as well as facilitates smoking behaviour. Given the rapid rise in the popularity of the pod mod JUUL, we examined whether observing the use of this device would elicit similar responses in smokers. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to determine whether JUUL can act as a smoking cue for former smokers. Methods The sample consisted of 82 young adult participants (62 current smokers and 20 former smokers approximately 1 year smoke free). The study examined their response to observing use of bottled water (control cue) and JUUL (active cue) in a controlled laboratory paradigm. Both cues were delivered by a trained study confederate under the guise of a social interaction task, and participants completed mood and desire and urge surveys precue and postcue exposures. Results In current smokers, exposure to the JUUL cue increased smoking urge and desire for a cigarette, mod/vape pen and JUUL, and two-thirds chose to smoke in the behavioural analogue task. In former smokers, the JUUL cue evoked modest and transient increases in desire for a cigarette and JUUL. Conclusions The use of JUUL affects the user and elicits responses in observers; this study is the first to demonstrate that exposure to JUUL use may act as a smoking cue and exposure to JUUL use may affect tobacco control efforts.
Optimal binomial reliability demonstration tests design under acceptance decision uncertainty

Binomial reliability demonstration tests (BRDTs) are widely adopted demonstration tests in reliability engineering to safeguard product quality over time. Based on the testing results, a BRDT will ...
Transseptal Suturing With Turbinate Coblation in Nasal Septoturbinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE Transseptal suture-assisted septoplasty and coblation are two techniques that can effectively treat septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy without the need for post-operative packing. In the existing literature, however, the early post-operative symptoms and surgical outcomes of the combination of these 2 procedures have not been addressed. METHOD This retrospective study included 65 patients who underwent concomitant nasal septoturbinoplasty. The patients were divided into two groups: the transseptal suture-assisted septoplasty and inferior turbinate coblation group (no-packing group: 33 patients) and the conventional septoturbinoplasty group with merocel packing (packing group: 32 patients). The post-operative symptoms within 14 days, complications and surgical outcomes at 3 months after surgery were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The patients in the no-packing group experienced less nasal obstruction on the first, second and third days post-operatively than those in the packing group (P < 0.000, P < 0.000, and P = 0.043, respectively). The patients in the no-packing group also had less nasal bleeding (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001), dry mouth sensation (P = 0.016 and P = 0.034) and swallowing disturbance (P = 0.013 and P = 0.012) on the first and second days post-operatively, respectively. In terms of orbital symptoms, the patients in the packing group had more severe epiphora (P = 0.031) and swelling sensations (P = 0.040) on the first day post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS Transseptal suturing and coblation-assisted septoturbinoplasty can be considered to prevent packing-related comorbidities and reduce post-operative discomfort.
Differential effects of cotreatment of the antibiotic rifampin with host-directed therapeutics in reducing intracellular Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Background Chronic infection by Staphylococcus aureus drives pathogenesis in important clinical settings, such as recurrent pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis and relapsing infection in osteomyelitis. Treatment options for intracellular S. aureus infection are limited. Rifampin, a lipophilic antibiotic, readily penetrates host cell membranes, yet monotherapy is associated with rapid antibiotic resistance and development of severe adverse events. Antibiotic cotreatment can reduce this progression, yet efficacy diminishes as antibiotic resistance develops. ML141 and simvastatin inhibit S. aureus invasion through host-directed rather than bactericidal mechanisms. Objective To determine whether cotreatment of ML141 or of simvastatin with rifampin would enhance rifampin efficacy. Methods Assays to assess host cell invasion, host cell viability, host cell membrane permeability, and bactericidal activity were performed using the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293-A cell line infected with S. aureus (29213) and treated with vehicle control, simvastatin, ML141, rifampin, or cotreatment of simvastatin or ML141 with rifampin. Results We found cotreatment of ML141 with rifampin reduced intracellular infection nearly 85% when compared to the no treatment control. This decrease more than doubled the average 40% reduction in response to rifampin monotherapy. In contrast, cotreatment of simvastatin with rifampin failed to improve rifampin efficacy. Also, in contrast to ML141, simvastatin increased propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, from an average of 10% in control HEK 293-A cells to nearly 20% in simvastatin-treated cells, indicating an increase in host cell membrane permeability. The simvastatin-induced increase was reversed to control levels by cotreatment of simvastatin with rifampin. Conclusion Taken together, rifampin efficacy is increased through host-directed inhibition of S. aureus invasion by ML141, while efficacy is not increased by simvastatin. Considerations regarding novel therapeutic approaches may be dependent on underlying differences in pharmacology.
A method to culture human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines as rhabdospheres demonstrates an enrichment in stemness and Notch signaling.

The development of three-dimensional cell culture techniques has allowed cancer researchers to study the stemness properties of cancer cells in in vitro culture. However, a method to grow PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) - an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma of childhood - has to date not been reported, hampering efforts to identify the dysregulated signaling pathways that underlie FP-RMS stemness. Here, we first examine the expression of canonical stem cell markers in human RMS tumors and cell lines. We then describe a method to grow FP-RMS cell lines as rhabdospheres and demonstrate that these spheres are enriched in expression of canonical stemness factors as well as Notch signaling components. Specifically, FP-RMS rhabdospheres have increased expression of SOX2, POU5F1 (OCT4), and NANOG, and several receptors and transcriptional regulators in the Notch signaling pathway. FP-RMS rhabdospheres also exhibit functional stemness characteristics including multipotency, increased tumorigenicity in vivo, and chemoresistance. This method provides a novel practical tool to support research into FP-RMS stemness and chemoresistance signaling mechanisms.
A Systematic Review of Benefit-Finding and Growth in Pediatric Medical Populations.

OBJECTIVE: This review synthesizes the literature on benefit-finding and growth (BFG) among youth with medical illnesses and disabilities and their parents. Specifically, we summarized: (a) methods for assessing BFG; (b) personal characteristics, personal, and environmental resources, as well as positive outcomes, associated with BFG; (c) interventions that have enhanced BFG; and (d) the quality of the literature. METHODS: A medical research librarian conducted the search across PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Studies on BFG among children ages 0-18 with chronic illnesses and disabilities, or the parents of these youth were eligible for inclusion. Articles were uploaded into Covidence; all articles were screened by two reviewers, who then extracted data (e.g., study characteristics and findings related to BFG) independently and in duplicate for each eligible study. The review was based on a systematic narrative synthesis framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020189339). RESULTS: In total, 110 articles were included in this review. Generally, BFG capabilities were present across a range of pediatric health conditions and disabilities. Correlates of both youth and parent BFG are presented, including personal and environmental resources, coping resources, and positive outcomes. In addition, studies describing interventions aimed at enhancing BFG are discussed, and a quality assessment of the included studies is provided. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations are provided regarding how to assess BFG and with whom to study BFG to diversify and extend our current literature.
Evaluating the Effect of Soda Taxes Using a Dynamic Model of Rational Addiction

The obesity rate has grown to epidemic proportions in the United States. Recent scientific studies suggest that excess intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is one of the primary contributors to weight gain. One option to address the growing obesity epidemic is to discourage SSB consumption through fiscal policies such as excising a soda tax. In this paper, we apply the Becker-Murphy model of rational addiction to present evidence that consumers are rationally addicted to soda consumption. Motivated by the evidence, we build a dynamic structural model to quantify the impact of soda taxes on soda purchases and consumption and study the role of addiction in influencing this impact. Using the parameter estimates, we conduct counterfactual analyses based on realistic policy scenarios and evaluate how different tax policies would affect soda purchases. The policy experiments indicate that imposing a soda tax of 1 cent per ounce would reduce soda consumption by 28.3% and addiction level by 31.7%. We find that 20.6% of the reduction in consumption is due to the reduction in the addiction level. We further investigate how these taxes affect consumer and social welfare through a change in addiction level. We find that addiction plays a critical role because a mild reduction in addiction level in the Berkeley tax scenario (1 cent per ounce on regular soda) benefits consumer and social welfare; however, in the Philadelphia tax scenario (1.5 cents per ounce on regular and diet sodas), the reduction in addiction level is too large, and both consumer and social welfare are worse off than before.
Functional Shawl Apron

There are approximately 15,500 skilled nursing facilities in the U.S. providing care for more than 1.35 million people. Unfortunately, most of the individuals suffer from a multitude of aging related issues. To assist this population, I was approached to design a pattern for a "scarf" that could be made and distributed by non-profit organizations across the country to assist these individuals with organizing and keeping safe their personal items as well as providing hand warmth. Specifically, my goal was to create a garment that not only meets the needs of storage and hand warmth, but also to provide a garment that was so much more than a scarf. Considering the multitude of design criteria/restrictions in mind for this specific population, the ideation of a shawl apron began. The finished customizable garment and pattern provides for a highly functional garment that can be completed by novice sewers at a reasonable cost.
Vehicle classification from traffic surveillance videos at a finer granularity

This paper explores the computer vision based vehicle classification problem at a fine granularity. A framework is presented which incorporates various aspects of an Intelligent Transportation System towards vehicle classification. Given a traffic video sequence, the proposed framework first segments individual vehicles. Then vehicle segments are processed so that all vehicles are along the same direction and measured at the same scale. A filtering algorithm is applied to smooth the vehicle segment image. After these three steps of preprocessing, an ICA based algorithms is implemented to identify the features of each vehicle type. One-class SVM is used to categorize each vehicle into a certain class. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the framework.
Abstract T P320: Clinical Relevance of Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke

Background: Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) incidentally found during an MRI evaluation of ischemic stroke present a therapeutic dilemma. Case control studies suggest a relationship of cerebral microbleeds and intracerebral hemorrhage. Limited prospective studies of patients with ischemic stroke show variability in whether CMB hemorrhage rates are greater than recurrent ischemic stroke rates. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CMB in patients with atrial fibrillation presenting with stroke and secondly what the rate of prospective intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was in those same patients. Methods: Consecutive patients admitted with atrial fibrillation and stroke were identified in our institution’s Get with the Guideline database between 2008-2009. Data from the incident hospitalization included: demographic information, use of antithrombotic and/or anticoagulation, and cerebrovascular risk factors. Radiologic imaging was reviewed to determine if a GRE or SWI sequence was included a...
Do Worldwide Tax Incentives Affect the Income Reporting and Capital Structure of Foreign-Controlled U.S. Corporations?

As companies become more global, there is continuing interest regarding the influence of tax incentives on firms' U.S. versus foreign income reporting. Using confidential U.S income tax return data and international financial data, we examine how the income reporting of foreign-controlled U.S. corporations relates to the incentives of their foreign parent corporations. We find that worldwide tax incentives influence their U.S. income reporting, with the firms in our sample shifting income into the U.S. on average during 1987-1996. While this finding is contrary to popular political claims, it is consistent with prior evidence of U.S. multinationals shifting income into the U.S. over a similar period. Further, we find evidence that foreign multinationals use multiple income-shifting methods, including their use of debt in the capital structure of foreign-controlled U.S. corporations.
Star-Recessive, A Spontaneous Mutation in Drosophila Melanogaster

In a genetics experiment conducted in November 1937 with Drosophila melanogaster and involving the dominant mutant Star (S, in chromosome 2- at locus 1.3; causing an irregularity in the arrangement of eye facets and facet hairs, the homozygote being lethal), a number of flies appeared with small narrow eyes. When these were mated inter se, all of the F1 had abnormal eyes, but these varied in size from that of S/+ (see Table IV) to a narrow slit of red pigment on which only a few facets were scattered. A clue to the manner of inheritance of the type with narrow eyes was found by mating a narrow-eye male to a wild-type female, with the result shown in Table I: Table I F2 Distribution (P1: wild-type ♀ x narrow-eye ♂) February 14, 1938 Wild-type Star Totals..... 82 58
Review of Brigitte Feuillet-Liger, Thérèse Callus, and Birgitta Orfali, eds., The Female Body: A Journey Through Law, Culture and Medicine

The Female Body: A Journal Through Law, Culture and Medicine is an edited collection that is simultaneously fascinating and frustrating—in ways that make it an ideal challenge for a comparative bio...
Listing Choices and Self-Regulation: The Experience of the AIM

We compare companies listing on the London AIM to regulated exchanges in the US and UK. The AIM is unique in that it is privately-regulated and relies on Nominated Advisors to provide oversight rather than traditional regulators. We find that AIM firms perform poorly on a variety of dimensions. Their post-listing returns significantly underperform stocks on other exchanges. Liquidity is low and there is evidence of substantial information asymmetry. Results are similar across subsets of firms including US firms that directly list on AIM, firms that cross list, and domestic listings. AIM firms do not appear to distinguish themselves through choice of Nomad. Failure rates are very high and there is no evidence that significant numbers develop into “highfliers” or graduate to better exchanges. AIM stocks even underperform stocks that trade on the unregulated “Pink Sheets” in the US, inconsistent with a significant bonding effect of AIM listing.
Collusive Accounting Supervision and Economic Culture

ABSTRACT Supervisors who manipulate accounting information to their advantage may seek the cooperation of subordinates, who depend on them for career advancement and direction, in order to navigate their way through their organization's controls. In this way, accounting supervisors influence not only the end users of accounting information, but also subordinates who learn about the accounting profession from them. In investigating collusive supervision, I utilize a field-based instrument and a sample of practicing accounting supervisors. I find that accounting supervisors' behavioral intentions to encourage their subordinates to collude in manipulating accounting information are influenced by attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and materialism. I investigate cultural influences on these relationships. I find that power distance and collectivism increase the likelihood that an accounting supervisor will encourage subordinates to collude in manipulating accounting information. Uncerta...
Novel interallelic complementation at the his1 locus of yeast.

ABSTRACT In yeast, 17 histidine-requiring mutants derived from and interallelically complementary to his1—7 were analyzed. The genetic basis of the complementation response was elucidated by mitotic and meiotic gene conversion. Each allele probably carries an unaltered 7 -site mutation and a unique second-site alteration. The second-site alterations appear to be clustered within the proximal and distal segments of the his1 structural gene. Models of intraallelic complementation are reviewed in light of the unique complementational response between a single-site mutant and a double mutant including the identical altered base sequence.
Carbamyl phosphate synthetase II in the mucosal cells of gall bladders.

Abstract A glutamine dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase has been detected in the extra mitochondrial fraction of gall bladder mucosal cells obtained from rabbits and cattle. This enzyme is inhibited by azaserine. Thus, the enzyme appears to be carbamyl phosphate synthetase II. The activity of the preparation obtained from rabbits is four to seven times that of the bovine gall bladder.
Complex of cesium and rubidium fluorides with bromine trifluoride

Abstract Vibrational spectra are reported for the new complexes CsF·3BrF 3 , RbF·3BrF 3 , and RbF·2BrF 3 and the previously known complex CsF·2BrF 3 . The spectra suggest that these compounds are salts having general formulas M + Br 3 F − 10 and M + Br 2 F − 7 .
Reproductive toxicity and pharmacokinetics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) following dietary exposure of pregnant rats

Most rodent developmental toxicity studies of dibutylphthalate (DBP) have relied on bolus gavage dosing. This study characterized the developmental toxicity of dietary DBP. Pregnant CD rats were given nominal doses of 0, 100, or 500 mg DBP/kg/day in diet (actual intake 0, 112, and 582 mg/kg/day) from gestational day (GD) 12 through the morning of GD 19. Rats were killed 4 or 24 hr thereafter. DBP dietary exposure resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in testicular mRNA concentration of scavenger receptor class B, member 1; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1; and cytochrome P450 family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1. These effects were most pronounced 4 hr after the end of exposure. Testicular testosterone was reduced 24 hr post-exposure in both DBP dose groups and 4 hr after termination of the 500-mg DBP/kg/day exposure. Maternal exposure to 500 mg DBP/kg/day induced a significant reduction in male offspring's anogenital distance indicating in utero disruption of androgen function. Leydig cell aggregates, increased cord diameters, and multinucleated gonocytes were present in DBP-treated rats. Monobutyl phthalate, the developmentally toxic metabolite of DBP, and its glucuronide conjugate were found in maternal and fetal plasma, amniotic fluid, and maternal urine. Our results, when compared to previously conducted gavage studies, indicate that approximately equal doses of oral DBP exposure of pregnant rats, from diet or gavage, result in similar responses in male offspring.
Single particle reconstruction of the human apo-transferrin-transferrin receptor complex

Most organisms depend on iron as a co-factor for proteins catalyzing redox reactions. Iron is, however, a difficult element for cells to deal with, as it is insoluble in its ferric (Fe3+) form and potentially toxic in its ferrous (Fe2+) form. Thus, in vertebrates iron is transported through the circulation bound to transferrin (Tf) and delivered to cells through an endocytotic cycle involving the transferrin receptor (TfR). We have previously presented a model for the Tf-TfR complex in its iron-bearing form, the diferric transferrin (dTf)-TfR complex [Cheng, Y., Zak, O., Aisen, P., Harrison, S.C., Walz, T., 2004. Structure of the human transferrin receptor-transferrin complex. Cell 116, 565-576]. We have now calculated a single particle reconstruction for the complex in its iron-free form, the apo-transferrin (apoTf)-TfR complex. The same density map was obtained by aligning raw particle images or class averages of the vitrified apoTf-TfR complex to reference models derived from the structures of the dTf-TfR or apoTf-TfR complex. We were unable to improve the resolution of the apoTf-TfR density map beyond 16A, most likely because of significant structural variability of Tf in its iron-free state. The density map does, however, support the model for the apoTf-TfR we previously proposed based on the dTf-TfR complex structure, and it suggests that receptor-bound apoTf prefers to adopt an open conformation.
Minimizing nitrate leaching in agricultural production : how good can we get ?

Abstract Numerous examples of high levels of nitrate pollution of groundwater are associated with agricultural practices. The problem tends to become especially severe as application rates of available N (either as manure or commercial fertilizer) exceed levels needed for economically optimum crop production. Over recommending and over applying N fertilizers is common, application rates more closely related to actual plant needs can greatly reduce nitrate pollution. Nitrate soil tests, including the older deep sampling in the drier regions and the new shallower Pre‐Sidedress Nitrate Soil Test in the humid region, offer the possibility of reducing the extent of over fertilizing with N. Tissue tests, including the end of season stalk nitrate test for com, also offer the promise of helping to increase the accuracy of N fertilizer recommendations. Other management tools available to reduce the extent of nitrate pollution include sidedress application for most N fertilizer (in the humid regions or under irriga...
Prostate cancer screening at an equal access tertiary care center: its impact 10 years after the introduction of PSA.

Prostate cancer screening at an equal access tertiary care center: its impact 10 years after the introduction of PSA
Henry Dwight Chapin: Pioneer in the study of institutionalized infants

At the turn of the century, infant mortality in American institutions for infants approached 100%. Policies initiated by Henry Dwight Chapin emphasized the placement of children in “boarding out” homes as quickly as possible and an increase in social attention paid to the infants that remained in the institutions. Chapin was evidently the first behavioral scientist who employed statistical procedures to uncover a critical period for social development in institutionalized infants. His evidence suggested overwhelmingly that the 1st year of life is the most critical when normal conditions of childrearing are replaced by a state of social deprivation, and that the first 6 months are more important than the second 6 months. While his influence in the history of child psychology has virtually been forgotten, citation analysis suggests an increasing awareness of his scientific importance.
Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human pulmonary alveolar macrophages and peripheral lymphocytes by cigarette tars.

Summary Cigarette smoking is associated with alterations in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), including increased cytoplasmic inclusions and induction of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) system. Nonpigmented PAMs from nonsmokers were able to ingest and accumulate pigment from lysed PAMs of smokers, however, this pigment did not induce AHH activity in either PAMs or peripheral lymphocytes. In contrast, the cigarette tars significantly induced AHH levels in PAMs and in peripheral lymphocytes from either nonsmokers or smokers. This provides further evidence that components in cigarette smoke can explain the in vivo induction of AHH documented in cells from smokers.
Developing teaching self-efficacy in research institutions: A study of award-winning professors

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the sources of award-wining research professors’ (six women; six men) teaching self-efficacy through the framework of Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory. Semi-structured interviews revealed that mastery experiences and social persuasions were particularly influential sources of self-efficacy and that these sources tended to be closely related. Professors reported that their self-efficacy had generally stabilized within their first few years of assuming a tenure-track position. Participants framed negative events in adaptive ways that had little cost to their teaching self-efficacy.
Impedance monitoring shows that posture and a meal influence gastro-oesophageal reflux composition and frequency.

Impedance monitoring determines reflux composition as liquid and/or gas, and we assess with impedance the effect of posture and a meal on reflux composition. Twenty-nine gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) patients and 10 normal volunteers underwent simultaneous impedance, manometry and pH for three 40-min periods, each 20-min upright, 10-min left side and 10-min right side. One period was fasting, and two postprandial. We found that reflux event composition on the right side was liquid-only near exclusively (93%). In contrast, 85% of reflux on the left side and 74% upright was gas-only or liquid and gas (P 0.25). After confirming gas reflux suppression on the right side, a pilot study assessed gastric anatomy as a cause. Five achalasia patients had fluid injected into the stomach at endoscopy, and the EG junction was submerged below liquid-only on the right side. We conclude that reflux is nearly always liquid-only on the right side where the EG junction may be below fluid. Reflux fasting is usually gas-only. Different posture and fasting times may (i) explain variations in acid exposure during pH monitoring and (ii) promote or prevent GORD symptoms.
A multilayered approach to location recognition

Outlined here is a framework for an autonomous mobile robot system for recognizing and mapping locations. The Scale Invariant Feature Transform is a powerful machine vision technique, but performs poorly on uniform colored or low contrast objects. We therefore set out to complement SIFT with other machine vision techniques for a robust location recognition system in order to create better fingerprints of locations.
Temporal optics of recoil-free gamma radiation

A discussion is given of the time-behavior of recoil-free γ-radiation passing through a resonant medium. The classical dispersion theory of Hamermesh is extended to account for different linewidths in source or absorber so that a synchrotron-radiation source can be simulated. A result, essentially the same as that of Kagan et al., follows in the limit of large source width. A review is given of the quantum beats which result from the absorption of one line of a frequency-modulation spectrum. An example is given of the measurement of second-order Doppler shift in Fe−Be by the method of quantum beats. Finally, there is a discussion of the measurement by quantum beats of the very small energy shift in a57Co−Cu source by a magnetic field.
Understanding social impacts by using new variables and a causal model diagram in New England fisheries

This paper reviews the applicability of the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) process within the framework of US national environmental policy used in New England fishery management. Its aim is to develop a new approach to SIA that goes beyond identifying impacts through guidelines, to include an understanding and portrayal of causality and emergent relationships. The emphasis is on creating a new list of variables identifying social impacts and social change processes. These variables are used in a causal chain model to diagrammatically portray impact dynamics over time and scale. This approach intends to fulfill a need for an accurate and timely methodology used in fishery management to identify potential social impacts of management actions, in order to achieve ecological and socioeconomic sustainability.
Further considerations of modified moment estimators for weibull and lognormal parameters

A modification of moment estimators of the three-parameter Weibull and lognormal distributions are presented. The equation involving the third moment is replaced by F(x1 )= l/(n+l), where x1 is the sample value of the first order statistic and n is the sample size.These estimators often are easier to calculate than previously presented Cohen, Whitten, Ding (CWD) estimators in which the third equation is E(X1) = x1 for the Weibull distribution and E[£n(X1 - τ)] = n(x1 - τ) for the lognormal distribution.Calculations are made easy with the aid of accompanying tables and charts. Three illustrative examples are included
Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i

[1] Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two-segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a very small volume of basalt (about 1500 m3) erupted on 19 June. Northward tilt at a coastal tiltmeter, subsidence of south flank GPS sites, southeastward displacements at southwestern flank GPS sites, and a swarm of flank earthquakes suggest that a slow slip event occurred on the decollement beneath Kīlauea's south flank concurrent with the rift intrusion. We use 4 min GPS positions that include estimates of time-dependent tropospheric gradients and ground tilt data to study the spatial and temporal relationships between the two inferred shallow, steeply dipping dike segments extending from the surface to about 2 km depth and decollement slip at 8 km depth. We invert for the temporal evolution of distributed dike opening and decollement slip in independent inversions at each time step using a nonnegative least squares algorithm. On the basis of these inversions, the intrusion occurred in two stages that correspond spatially and temporally with concentrated rift zone seismicity. The dike opening began on the western of the two segments before jumping to the eastern segment, where the majority of opening accumulated. Dike opening preceded the start of decollement slip at an 84% confidence level; the latter is indicated by the onset of northward tilt of a coastal tiltmeter. Displacements at southwest flank GPS sites began about 18 h later and are interpreted as resulting from slow slip on the southwestern flank. Additional constraints on the evolution of the intrusion and decollement slip come from inversion of an Envisat interferogram that spans the intrusion until 0822 UTC on 18 June 2007, combined with GPS and tilt data. This inversion shows that up to 0822 UTC on 18 June, decollement slip is only required in a limited region offshore of Ka'ena Point. A similar inversion of the complete event, which includes GPS and tilt data up to 21 June and a second Envisat interferogram spanning the complete intrusion until 21 June, shows decollement slip spread westward across the south flank. This may suggest westward migration of the decollement slip as the event progressed.