cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Cases of Aortic Intimal Intussusception During Endovascular Repair of an Acute Type B Dissection.

Purpose: To raise awareness of a previously undescribed complication of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic dissection that can lead to acute aortic occlusion and to highlight that early recognition, excision of the intimal flap, and open aortic repair can be lifesaving. Case Report: Two patients underwent TEVAR for acute type B dissections complicated by abdominal malperfusion syndrome. During stent-graft deployment, the intimal flap circumferentially detached from its origin proximally with subsequent intussusception, leading to acute aortic occlusion. Both complications were recognized intraoperatively with immediate conversion to open aortic reconstruction and intimal flap excision. The first patient required an infrarenal aortobi-iliac bypass, while the second had an open aortic fenestration and bovine pericardial patch repair of the aortotomy. Their postoperative courses were uneventful. Follow-up imaging revealed excellent stent-graft approximation without endoleak and thrombosis...
Optimal Blood Use in Genitourinary Surgery

AbstractThe most commonly performed urologic surgical procedure is transurethral resection of the prostate. We reviewed the crossmatching and transfusion records of 226 patients who had undergone transurethral prostatectomy at our hospital from 1977 through 1979. Only 13 patients (5.8 per cent) received a transfusion. The crossmatched-to-transfused ratio was 21.5. Preoperative ABO-Rh typing and antibody screen are safe and cost-effective alternatives to preoperative crossmatching of blood for uncomplicated transurethral prostatectomy.
Overview of Surgical Treatment of Urolithiasis with Special Reference to Lithotripsy

AbstractIn the early 1980s, 2 elegant innovations were added to open surgery in the management of stones: endourology and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The decision strategy for treating stones is not yet codified and it depends on several factors, such as equipment, type and size of stones, needs of the patient and skills of the surgeon. After open stone surgery convalescence lasts approximately 4 to 6 weeks and repeated surgery is more difficult. With endourology convalescence can be reduced to a few days in an uncomplicated case, the risk of complication is approximately 10 per cent and retreatment is not more complicated. Convalescence with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy often is negligible and some extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy units are run on an outpatient basis. However, as with all stone surgeries, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy causes renal bleeding of varying degrees. There are reports of diastolic hypertension after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in up to ...
The Nicu Network Neurobehavioral Scale: Clinical Use with Drug Exposed Infants and Their Mothers

The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the at-risk and drug-exposed infant. We describe clinical uses of the NNNS with substance involved mothers and their infants. These include infant and parent services while the infant is in the hospital and postdischarge followup services.
Recognizing the Difference that Faith Makes: H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., on Life-Ending Medical Interventions

This contribution provides a summary description and analysis of H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.’s multiple publications on medical interventions that result in death, including abortion, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and the limitation of life-prolonging treatment. In two different stages of his career, Engelhardt has taken very different positions on the morality of these interventions. From 1973 through 1990, Engelhardt defended the rights of physicians and patients to provide and receive these life-ending interventions in most circumstances. His arguments during this period appeal to the Kantian doctrine for respect for the freedom of moral agents and to a distinction between human biological and human personal life. In writings since 1990, Engelhardt condemns all medical interventions whose intent is to cause death, based on the prohibition of killing in any form in the doctrines of traditional Christianity. This is a remarkable shift in the thinking of one of the pioneers of the modern field of bioethics. At one level, the two positions Engelhardt defends are clearly inconsistent. At another level, they illustrate two different types of moral reasoning that are both acknowledged by Engelhardt. A secular pluralist ethic requires tolerance for the actions of “moral strangers” who hold very different moral beliefs from one’s own. In contrast, communities of shared belief, like that of traditional Christianity, embrace specific moral beliefs based on Church doctrine and on individual religious experience.
Rac1-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangements induced by intersectin-1s deficiency promotes lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and metastasis

The mechanisms involved in lung cancer (LC) progression are poorly understood making discovery of successful therapies difficult. Adaptor proteins play a crucial role in cancer as they link cell surface receptors to specific intracellular pathways. Intersectin-1s (ITSN-1s) is an important multidomain adaptor protein implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous pulmonary diseases. To date, the role of ITSN-1s in LC has not been studied. Human LC cells, human LC tissue and A549 LC cells stable transfected with myc-ITSN-1s construct (A549 + ITSN-1s) were used in correlation with biochemical, molecular biology and morphological studies. In addition scratch assay with time lapse microscopy and in vivo xenograft tumor and mouse metastasis assays were performed. ITSN-1s, a prevalent protein of lung tissue, is significantly downregulated in human LC cells and LC tissue. Restoring ITSN-1s protein level decreases LC cell proliferation and clonogenic potential. In vivo studies indicate that immunodeficient mice injected with A549 + ITSN-1s cells develop less and smaller metastatic tumors compared to mice injected with A549 cells. Our studies also show that restoring ITSN-1s protein level increases the interaction between Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase and Eps8 resulting in enhanced ubiquitination of the Eps8 oncoprotein. Subsequently, downstream unproductive assembly of the Eps8-mSos1 complex leads to impaired activation of the small GTPase Rac1. Impaired Rac1 activation mediated by ITSN-1s reorganizes the cytoskeleton (increased thick actin bundles and focal adhesion (FA) complexes as well as collapse of the vimentin filament network) in favor of decreased LC cell migration and metastasis. ITSN-1s induced Eps8 ubiquitination and impaired Eps8-mSos1 complex formation, leading to impaired activation of Rac1, is a novel signaling mechanism crucial for abolishing the progression and metastatic potential of LC cells.
STRAAP: space-time-radiating array adaptive processing

This paper provides an overview of the physical and mathematical approach to the synthesis and analysis of a multidimensional adaptive radar system. Using a paradigm of distributed sensors, the characterized concept leverages the dimensional advantages gained in such a system by exploiting the inherent, space, time, and waveform domains for adaptive processing. Execution of space-time-radiating array adaptive processing (STRAAP) makes use of the full parametric domain. Data analysis within this extended space suggests system performance advantages in radar target detection, object isolation, and scenario depiction.
Fast and accurate 3D compton cone projections on GPU using CUDA

We present a fast and accurate method for reconstructing single photons detected by a Compton camera using 3D cone projection operations formulated to run on a graphics processing unit (GPU) and the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) framework. With these projection operations, image quality and accuracy of modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) can be improved by incorporating Compton scatter events. We also use Monte Carlo simulation to produce a model of the blurring effects caused by limited energy and spatial resolution of the detectors to improve the quality and accuracy of the reconstructed images. The blur model is then incorporated into the cone projections in a cone-by-cone basis. Our method overcomes challenges such as compute thread divergence, and exploits GPU capabilities such as shared memory and texture memory. Unique challenges for projecting cones compared with projecting lines are also addressed for the GPU. The projection operations are integrated into a list-mode ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) framework to reconstruct images from a Compton camera. The algorithm with blurring model achieves an average of 17.3% improvement on CNR compared with the image reconstructed without the blurring model. The whole reconstruction algorithm takes 2.2 seconds per iteration to process 50,000 cones in a 96×96×32 image on a NVIDIA GeForce GTX 480 GPU, including forward projection, backprojection, and multiplicative update. On a single core state-of-the-art central processing unit (CPU), it takes 3.1 hours for the same task with the same level of accuracy in blur modeling. Images generated using the CPU and GPU implementing the same blurring model are virtually identical, with root mean squared (RMS) deviation of 0.01%.
Technology Trends in ICT – Towards Data-Driven, Farmer-Centered and Knowledge-Based Hybrid Cloud Architectures for Smart Farming

Over the past four decades, advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have resulted in unprecedented opportunity and innovation for improving farming outcomes. Ongoing innovations such as mobile, social media, agricultural drones, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and cloud computing present new challenges and opportunities for agribusinesses to redefine and rethink the role of ICT towards achieving better farming outcomes. With recent advances in infrastructure, data (collection, storage and retrieval), and a better understanding of all aspects of the food chain, new challenges and opportunities are presented. Unstructured data is now being generated real time, in large volumes, at high speed and unknown quality that results in challenges to current approaches for decision making, and require a focus on analytics. These new sources of data create the opportunity to inform and drive a change in decision making from one that is highly intuitive to one that is data driven and processed in real-time. This paper highlights recent trends in ICT and introduces a hybrid cloud architecture for smart farming. The proposed architecture emphasizes data-driven, farmer-centered, and knowledge-based decision tools through service integration, aggregation and interoperation. As a customized solution for farmers, the proposed architecture contains components of 1) data integration of on-farm sensors and data from public sources, 2) farm management modules, 3) knowledge-based software solutions from different providers, 4) service integration, aggregation and interoperation, and 5) a customized dashboard focused on usefulness and usability. This cloud-based solution allows the integration of businesses services, things, and technology from any channel and can be used anywhere. At this time, hybrid cloud environments have shown promise to integrate these different services and provide smart farming solutions to both big and smallholder farmers.
Sociotechnical systems and sustainability: current and future perspectives for inclusive development

Sociotechnical systems – for example, telecommunication networks, electric grids, large-scale manufacturing systems – are interacting ensembles of engineered artifacts embedded in society, linked with economies, and connected with ecology. Such systems have been analyzed through the lenses of sustainability (largely along the dimensions of environmental protection and affordability), carrying influence in the literatures of technology innovation, product design, infrastructure planning, and service delivery. Sustainability concerns along the environmental and financial dimensions have motivated focus on waste and emissions reduction, new technology development, and greening of industrial ecosystems. The concept of inclusive development, however, has not yet permeated the research or conceptualization of sociotechnical systems. Two streams of on-going work in inclusive innovation and in inclusive wealth analysis offer meaningful avenues for future connections. We discuss how the literature on sociotechnical systems and their constituent elements of engineered products and processes has evolved on the topic of sustainability, how the emerging concept of inclusive innovation bridges dimensions of environment and social inclusivity, and how inclusive wealth may inform system-level planning and analysis of sociotechnical systems moving forward.
Sustainability analysis and ease of learning in artifact-based requirements engineering: The newest member of the family of studies (It’s a girl!)

Abstract Context: Artifact-based requirements engineering promises to deliver results of high quality while allowing for flexibility in the development process and the project settings. Tailored for analyzing sustainability, it can offer tangible insights on potential benefits and risks of a system under development. However, as of now there is still relatively little empirical evidence available that would prove this quality, flexibility, and insight potential. Previous studies, specifically on the first two characteristics, differ in their socio-economic contexts and make the findings hard to generalize. Objective: Our goal is to investigate the advantages and limitations in the application of artifact-based requirements engineering by new, inexperienced requirements engineers to extend our family of studies. In addition, the secondary goal is to evaluate the suitability of the sustainability analysis artifact for a sustainability analysis of the system planned for development. Method: We report on a new member in a family of studies with 20 participants for evaluating artifact models in a sustainability application context. We use a graduate block course as case. Our data collection is performed via survey at the end of the course, based on the same instrument used in previous studies, and extended with a new section on evaluating the suitability of a particular artifact for sustainability analysis. Results: Both from the quantitative and the qualitative feedback, the results indicate that the students have benefitted from the artifact-based approach to analyzing sustainability in requirements engineering. Usability, syntactic and semantic quality were all rated high and the rationales were positive, as was the feedback on the sustainability analysis artifact. Conclusion: The results contribute to a reliable database on artifact-oriented requirements engineering and strengthen our confidence in the general benefits of artifact-orientation. Relating the old and new data provides some more insight into the trajectory of the wider transfer of artifact-based requirements engineering into practice.
Set-theoretic model reference adaptive control with time-varying performance bounds

ABSTRACTOne of the fundamental problems in model reference adaptive control design is the ability of the controlled system to achieve not only stability but also a user-defined performance in the p...
Synthesis of comb-shaped DNA using a non-nucleosidic branching phosphoramidite

Branched DNAs (bDNAs) having comb-like structures have found wide utility in molecular diagnostics and DNA nanotechnology. bDNAs can be generated either by designing and assembling linear DNA molecules into rigid non-covalent structures or by using an orthogonally protected branching unit to synthesize covalently linked structures. Despite the advantages of the covalently linked structures, use of this motif has been hampered by the challenging synthesis of appropriately protected branching monomers. We report the facile synthesis of a branching monomer having orthogonal DMT and Lev protecting groups using readily available δ-velarolactone and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol. Using this branching monomer, a comb-shaped bDNA was synthesized having three different DNA arms. The synthesis and hybridization capability of the bDNA was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescently labeled complementary and mismatched DNA probes. Convenient access to an orthogonally protected branching monomer is anticipated to accelerate applications of bDNAs in applications including diagnostics, biosensing, gene-profiling, DNA computing, multicolor imaging, and nanotechnology.
The One Dimensional Stochastic X-Y Model

Consider infinitely many diffusions on an infinite number of circles, one at each integer, that are interacting with each other by means of a finite range potential. We prove that for any finite dimensional marginal of the process, the rate of convergence to the corresponding marginal of the Gibbs state for the potential is exponentially fast.
The Conservation and Utilization of Genes From Endangered and Extinct Plants: DNA Bank-Net

The recent advent of more efficient methods for DNA extraction and amplification (via PCR) now make it both prudent and urgent that we begin to amass significant genomic DNA samples from endangered plants with the greatest priority given to tropical rainforest species. DNA Bank-Net is an association of institutions that have begun to accession DNA and DNA-rich materials for subsequent disbursement of genes and oligonucleotides. The formation and functions of DNA BankNet are presented.
An Overview of Procrastination

Chronic procrastination and task-avoidant behavior are extraordinarily common problems. As we will suggest later in this chapter and throughout this book, procrastination is often related to a variety of psychiatric syndromes. Moreover, as it will be hypothesized in Chapter 7, procrastinatory behavior may constitute a causal stress that contributes to psychological dysfunctions and maladaptive behavior patterns.
Human circadian phase–response curves for exercise

Author(s): Youngstedt, Shawn D; Elliott, Jeffrey A; Kripke, Daniel F | Abstract: Key pointsExercise elicits circadian phase-shifting effects, but additional information is needed. The phase-response curve describing the magnitude and direction of circadian rhythm phase shifts, depending on the time of the zeigeber (time cue) stimulus, is the most fundamental chronobiological tool for alleviating circadian misalignment and related morbidity. Fifty-one older and 48 young adults followed a circadian rhythms measurement protocol for up to 5.5 days, and performed 1 h of moderate treadmill exercise for 3 consecutive days at one of eight times of the day/night. Temporal changes in the phase of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) were measured from evening onset, cosine acrophase, morning offset and duration of excretion. Significant phase-response curves were established for aMT6 onset and acrophase with large phase delays from 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm and large phase advances at both 7:00 am and from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm. Delays or advances would be desired, for example, for adjustment to westward or eastward air travel, respectively. Along with known synergism with bright light, the above PRCs with a second phase advance region (afternoon) could support both practical and clinical applications.AbstractAlthough bright light is regarded as the primary circadian zeitgeber, its limitations support exploring alternative zeitgebers. Exercise elicits significant circadian phase-shifting effects, but fundamental information regarding these effects is needed. The primary aim of the present study was to establish phase-response curves (PRCs) documenting the size and direction of phase shifts in relation to the circadian time of exercise. Aerobically fit older (n = 51; 59-75 years) and young adults (n = 48; 18-30 years) followed a 90 min laboratory ultrashort sleep-wake cycle (60 min wake/30 min sleep) for up to 5½ days. At the same clock time on three consecutive days, each participant performed 60 min of moderate treadmill exercise (65-75% of heart rate reserve) at one of eight times of day/night. To describe PRCs, phase shifts were measured for the cosine-fitted acrophase of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), as well as for the evening rise, morning decline and change in duration of aMT6s excretion. Significant PRCs were found for aMT6s acrophase, onset and duration, with peak phase advances corresponding to clock times of 7:00 am and from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm, delays from 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm, and minimal shifts around 4:00 pm and 2:00 am. There were no significant age or sex differences. The amplitudes of the aMT6s onset and acrophase PRCs are comparable to expectations for bright light of equal duration. The phase advance to afternoon exercise and the exercise-induced PRC for change in aMT6s duration are novel findings. The results support further research exploring additive phase-shifting effects of bright light and exercise and health benefits.
Developing childhood vaccine administration and inventory replenishment policies that minimize open vial wastage

In the last century, many infectious diseases have been completely eradicated or significantly reduced because of childhood vaccinations. Ample evidence suggests that low vaccination coverage in developing countries is caused by vaccine stockout and high rates of vaccine wastage. Wastage occurs when a vaccine vial is physically damaged or exposed to extreme temperatures, or when doses from an open vial are discarded after their safe-use time expires. The latter is referred to as open vial wastage (OVW). Clinics can use single-dose vials to reduce OVW; however, such an approach is more expensive than using multi-dose vials. The focus of this research is to develop new policies that support vaccine administration and inventory replenishment. These policies are expected to reduce OVW, reduce the cost of vaccinations, and improve vaccination coverage levels in developing countries. This paper proposes a two-stage stochastic programming model that identifies an optimal combination of differently sized vaccine vials and the corresponding decisions that clinics make about opening vials in the face of uncertain patient arrivals. This work develops a case study with data gathered from Bangladesh. Experimental results indicate that using a combination of vials of different sizes reduces OVW, as opposed to the current practice of using single-sized multi-dose vials. Experimental results also point to simple and economic vaccine administration policies that health care administrators can use to minimize OVW. The model is solved using an extension of the stochastic Benders decomposition algorithm, the L-shaped method (LS). This algorithm uses Gomory mixed integer and mixed-integer rounding cuts to address the problem’s non-convexity. Computational results reveal that the solution approach presented here outperforms the standard LS method.
Reimagining Safety Net Programs

Existing safety net programs in India provide income and nutritional assistance during different stages of an individual’s life. Critics have pointed out to inefficiencies in the design and delivery mechanisms which reduce the effectiveness of these programs in benefiting the targeted population. In this chapter, we argue that safety nets should account for the changing economic structure, demographic transitions and shifting livelihood patterns. As India urbanizes, focusing on urban poor, diversifying away from staple grain-focused policy is essential. Use of tools such as ICTs to curb corruption and leakages from the safety nets is essential. Finally, we highlight the complementary role of essential public goods provision together with the expansion of safety nets for reducing vulnerability and structural poverty.
Noether converse: All identically conserved geometric tensors are metric variations of an action in (at least) D = 2

Abstract The title's century-old conjecture is established for D = 2 and is likely for all D .
The National Asthma Survey--New York State: association of the home environment with current asthma status.

Objectives.The National Asthma Survey—New York State (NYS), a telephone survey of NYS residents, was conducted in 2002–2003 to further understand the burden of asthma among adults and children and ...
Appreciation and Responses

In this concluding chapter in a festschrift volume in my honor, I respond to the twenty-three commentators on my work. The topics range widely – various issues in criminal law, constitutional law, and moral theory. The reader will judge how well I deal with the critiques of these commentators.
Analysis of Antarctic Peninsula glacier frontal ablation rates with respect to iceberg melt-inferred variability in ocean conditions

Marine-terminating glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) have retreated, accelerated and thinned in response to climate change in recent decades. Ocean warming has been implicated as a trigger for these changes in glacier dynamics, yet little data exist near glacier termini to assess the role of ocean warming here. We use remotely-sensed iceberg melt rates seaward of two glaciers on the eastern and six glaciers on the western AP from 2013 to 2019 to explore connections between variations in ocean conditions and glacier frontal ablation. We find iceberg melt rates follow regional ocean temperature variations, with the highest melt rates (mean ≈ 10 cm d−1) at Cadman and Widdowson glaciers in the west and the lowest melt rates (mean ≈ 0.5 cm d−1) at Crane Glacier in the east. Near-coincident glacier frontal ablation rates from 2014 to 2018 vary from ~450 m a−1 at Edgeworth and Blanchard glaciers to ~3000 m a−1 at Seller Glacier, former Wordie Ice Shelf tributary. Variations in iceberg melt rates and glacier frontal ablation rates are significantly positively correlated around the AP (Spearman's ρ = 0.71, p-value = 0.003). We interpret this correlation as support for previous research suggesting submarine melting of glacier termini exerts control on glacier frontal dynamics around the AP.
Media operations: a reorientation of newsworker categorisation

The advent and popularity of digital and social media have forever transformed the news media industry, specifically impacting the overall production and distribution of hard-copy newspapers. Much ...
Ecto- and endoparasitic nematodes respond differently across sites to changes in precipitation

Plant parasitic nematodes are among the greatest consumers of primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. Their feeding strategies can be divided into endoparasites and ectoparasites that differ substantially, not only in their damage potential to host tissue and primary production, but also in their susceptibility to environmental changes. Climate change is predicted to increase variability of precipitation in many systems, yet the effects on belowground biodiversity and associated impacts on primary productivity remain poorly understood. To examine the impact of altered precipitation on endo- and ectoparasitic soil nematodes, we conducted a 2-year precipitation manipulation study across an arid, a semiarid, and a mesic grassland. Plant parasite feeding type abundance, functional guilds, and herbivory index in response to precipitation were evaluated. Responses of endo- and ectoparasites to increased precipitation varied by grassland type. There was little response of ectoparasites to increased precipitation although their population declined at the mesic site with increased precipitation. The abundance of endoparasites remained unchanged with increasing precipitation at the arid site, increased at the semiarid, and decreased at the mesic site. The herbivory index followed closely the trends seen in the endoparasites response by stagnating at the arid site, increasing at the semiarid, and decreasing at the mesic site. Our findings suggest that altered precipitation has differing effects on plant parasite feeding strategies as well as functional guilds. This may have important implications for grassland productivity, as plant parasite pressure may exacerbate the effects of climate change on host plants.
CNV and Post-response Negativity with Stressful Auditory Feedback

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and post-response negativity with stressful auditory feedback. In an experiment described in the chapter, the Ss were 15 male and 14 female undergraduate students who had previously participated in an alpha-conditioning project but were naive with respect to the CNV. The CNV paradigm employed both response (R) and non-response (NR) trials randomly intermixed in blocks of 40. A five-minute rest period was given between blocks during which the instructions for the next block were read. During collection of the electrophysiological data, an S was comfortably seated in a darkened sound-damped chamber. Ss were told to fixate their gaze on a cross drawn on the PS-2 lamp. Warning stimuli were delivered from a speaker directly behind the lamp. The data were examined separately for each group with related/tests.
Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling regulates spinal cord and muscle regeneration

Abstract Inducing regeneration in injured spinal cord represents one of modern medicine’s greatest challenges. Research from a variety of model organisms indicates that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling may be a useful target to drive regeneration. However, the mechanisms of Hedgehog signaling-mediated tissue regeneration remain unclear. Here we examined Hh signaling during post-amputation tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis larvae. We found that while Smoothened (Smo) activity is essential for proper spinal cord and skeletal muscle regeneration, transcriptional activity of the canonical Hh effector Gli is repressed immediately following amputation, and inhibition of Gli1/2 expression or transcriptional activity has minimal effects on regeneration. In contrast, we demonstrate that protein kinase A (PKA) is necessary for regeneration of both muscle and spinal cord, in concert with and independent of Smo respectively, and that its downstream effector CREB is activated in spinal cord following amputation. Our findings indicate that non-canonical mechanisms of Hh signaling are necessary for spinal cord and muscle regeneration.
Novel cross-flow electrostatic precipitator: Numerical and experimental study.

Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are used extensively for removing particulates from a gas flow by charging the particles and then removing them in the presence of an electric field. Traditional E...
Abstract 14880: Single-cell Transcriptomes Identify Unique Endothelial Subpopulation (FABP4+TMEM100-) With Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disaster disease characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling and persistent increase of vascular resistance, leading to right heart fa...
The editor’s field – You are not going to like it but review articles…

are not research, they are opinion. If you want an example of an opinion you are reading one. Several review manuscripts have been submitted lately. There must be a motivation to do that but I am n...
Examining the Effects of Relationship Education for Same-Sex Couples: A Randomized Control Trial

Relationship education programs are designed to enhance a variety of relationship characteristics related to building knowledge and skills for healthy relationships. Same-sex couples represent a hi...
THE CONFORMATIONAL PREFERENCE OF GRAMICIDIN CHANNELS IS A FUNCTION OF LIPID BILAYER THICKNESS

In order to understand how the material properties of lipid bilayers could affect integral membrane protein function, we examined the effect of a hydrophobic mismatch on the structure and function of membrane-spanning gramicidin channels. Changes in lipid bilayer thickness affect the conformational preference of membrane-spanning gramicidin A (gA) channels (single–stranded [SS] dimers ↔ double-stranded [DS] dimers) and induces an additional conductance state in the standard (SS) β6.3-helical channel. These results provide experimental evidence for the importance of energetic coupling between the bilayer and imbedded inclusions.
As advertised: A review of The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences

For me, this is an exciting time to be a cognitive scientist and a cognitive linguist. Cognitive Linguistics has developed rapidly and with enormous success over the past two decades, providing a cognitively based account of language. When results in cognitive linguistics are taken together with results in the other cognitive sciences, a radically new view of the mind and language—and their relation to the brain—emerges. As a result, the original formalist nativist paradigm of cognitive science as it developed in the 1960s and early 1970s has been stood on its head. I was one of the originators of that paradigm, among the researchers first bringing formal logic as an account of natural language semantics into linguistics in the early 1960s. The hope then was to fit logic and Chomskyan transformational generative grammar into a unified approach to language and mind. The formalist nativist paradigm that subsequently developed tried to fulfill that dream, with the hope of merging Anglo-American analytic philosophy with formal logic, generative grammar, early AI, cognitive psychology, and cognitive anthropology. By the mid-1970s, it was clear that the formalist nativist paradigm did not fit the facts. Research by Brown, Berlin, Kay, Slobin, Rosch, Mervis, Barsalou, DeValois, McNeill, and others indicated that words and concepts not only did not fit formal logic, but were fundamentally embodied and connected to human experience, with very different properties. For example, basic color terms in all the world’s languages show commonalities derived from the neurophysiology of color vision. More generally, words and concepts show gradations, prototype structures of at least half-a-dozen kinds, radial structure, and basic-level structure deriving from many aspects of direct experience. These results and many others led to the development of cognitive linguistics and an embodied cognitive science beginning in the late 1970s.
Life at Extreme Limits

The ability of anaerobic microorganisms to proliferate under extreme conditions is of widespread importance for microbial physiology, remediation, industry, and evolution. The halophilic alkalithermophiles are a novel group of polyextremophiles. Tolerance to alkaline pH, elevated NaCl concentrations, and high temperatures necessitates mechanisms for cytoplasmic pH acidification; permeability control of the cell membrane; and stability of proteins, the cell wall, and other cellular constituents to multiple extreme conditions. Although it is generally assumed that extremophiles growing at more than one extreme combine adaptive mechanisms for each individual extreme, adaptations for individual extremes often counteract each other. However, in alkaline, hypersaline niches heated via intense solar irradiation, culture-independent analyses have revealed the presence of an extensive diversity of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms belonging to Bacteria and Archaea that survive and grow under multiple harsh conditions. Thus, polyextremophiles must have developed novel adaptive strategies enabling them to grow and proliferate under multiple extreme conditions. The recent isolation of two novel anaerobic, halophilic alkalithermophiles, Natranaerobius thermophilus and Halonatronum saccharophilum, will provide a platform for detailed biochemical, genomic, and proteomic experiments, allowing a greater understanding of the novel adaptive mechanisms undoubtedly employed by polyextremophiles. In this review, we highlight growth characteristics, ecology, and phylogeny of the anaerobic halophilic alkalithermophiles isolated. We also describe the bioenergetic and physiological problems posed by growth at the multiple extreme conditions of alkaline pH, high NaCl concentration, and elevated temperature under anoxic conditions and highlight recent findings and unresolved problems regarding adaptation to multiple extreme conditions.
The Current Status of Breast Cancer Among Resource-Limited Countries

Corresponding Author: Shahla Masood, MD, FCAP, MIAC, 655 West 8th Street, Box C-505, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA Tel: +904-244-4387 Fax: +904-244-4060 E-mail: shahla.masood@jax.ufl.edu As the leading cause of cancer deaths among women breast cancer remains a medical and social challenge, as well as a major public health problem. On a global level, it continues to be a devastating disease for which no cause or cure has been found. Over 1.1 million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer each year and more than 410,000 of them die from this disease. Breast cancer accounts for 10% of all new cancer cases and for greater than 1.6% of mortality in women globally.1-3 Aside from the physical morbidity associated with breast cancer, this disease causes significant psychosexual impairment during a woman's lifetime. Breasts play an important role in a woman's sexuality and self-image. For some women, the loss of a breast to breast cancer is viewed as the loss of their sexual identity. Often breast cancer is associated with serious emotional issues such as depression, anxiety and negative perception of self image. During the last several years, there have been significant advances in patient advocacy, early breast cancer detection and therapy. One milestone that has been achieved is increased public awareness of breast cancer. Many patients and survivors have been willing to openly share their pain and experiences while encouraging others to join them in the fight against this disease. Their efforts have been most effective in gaining increased funding for breast cancer research and in the emphasis on breast cancer screening and early detection. Advances in breast imaging and genetics, the introduction of minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and the discovery of molecular targeted therapy have resulted in significant progress in enhancing the quality of life for many breast cancer patients.4-6 There has been a remarkable change in the fundamental understanding of breast cancer. This disease is no longer viewed as a single localized disease with radical surgery as the only alternative therapy. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous systemic disease that requires the attention of an integrated team of knowledgeable and interested
On the burning of single drops of fuel in a oxidizing atmosphere

The burning of single, isolated drops of fuel in a quiescent oxidizing atmosphere has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Two theories are presented. The first, called the diffusion theory, rests on the assumption that the rate of burning is determined by the rate at which the reactants are delivered by diffusion to the flame front surrounding the liquid drop. The second, or thermal theory is based on the assumption that chemical reaction rates govern the rate of burning of the droplet. The effects on droplet burning rate of changes in the composition, temperature, and pressure of the surrounding oxidizing atmosphere have been investigated experimentally. A preliminary study has also been made of the effect of forced convection on droplet burning. It is found that the thermal theory of droplet burning does not adequately explain the observed variations in droplet burning rate as the composition and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere are varied. On the other hand, substantial agreement is found between the results of the diffusion theory and experimental data.
Magnetic field reconnection at the magnetopause: An overview

The basic qualitative and quantitative aspects of reconnection in its magnetopause setting are summarized. First, the basic morphological and dynamic features of asymmetric reconnection are examined with emphasis on the important role played by the rotational discontinuity in these geometries. Second, the structure and other properties of rotational discontinuities are discussed. Third, the manner in which individual particles are energized or de-energized during their interaction with current layers in general, and rotational discontinuities in particular, is examined. Finally, the question of nonsteady, localized reconnection and its relation to flux transfer events is discussed and a qualitative model is proposed to describe these phenomena.
The Politics of Culture and the Struggle to Get an Education.

Many adults who attempt to reach their basic educational goals through the formal adult education system fail to find programs that meet their needs. Based on in-depth interviews with Chicano/as in the Southwest, this report examines the impact of and the extent to which historical and contemporary structural constraints impede their efforts. It concludes that adult education practice at all levels must be restructured to become more inclusive and supportive of nondominant groups that look to adult education for assistance in reaching their academic goals.
A comparison of nicotine and structurally related compounds as discriminative stimuli.

Abstract 1 Of seven nicotine-like compounds tested as discriminative stimuli in the rat, only 3-pyridyl-methylpyrollidine (3-PMP) generalized to the stimulus effects of nicotine. 2 3-PMP caused equivalent nicotine-like responding at a dose (800 microgram/kg) approximately 4 times that used for the original nicotine discrimination (200 microgram/kg). The ED50 for 3-PMP was about 5 times that for nicotine. 3 Testing of the compounds as possible antagonists of the nicotine-elicited cue were negative. 4 The nicotine-like cue produced by an 800 microgram/kg injection of 3-PMP was effectively blocked by mecamylamine but not by hexamethonium or atropine. Thus, 3-PMP appears to produce generalization to the nicotine cue via action on central nicotinic-cholinoceptors as has been previously reported for the nicotine discriminative stimulus. 5 Mecamylamine blocked the stimulus-effects of 3-PMP (800 microgram/kg) and of nicotine (200 microgram/kg) with an ED50 of 0.32 and 0.20 microgram/kg respectively.
Lucky Leprechaun Players Club: a database design case

The importance of case studies as part of an active learning approach for teaching systems analysis and database design in information system classes has long been recognised. Appropriate case studies challenge students to think analytically and apply information systems theory and practice to real-world situations. This paper presents a case study that assists students in perfecting their data flow diagram development and data modelling skills. Students utilise their data flow analysis and modelling skills to develop an appropriate database design for a fictional casino. Student deliverables include data flow and entity-relationship diagrams, data dictionary and normalised tables . A symbol in the form of a clock-face is proposed as a useful approach to represent time-triggered processes along with how such processes can be described in a data dictionary. Student feedback indicates that the case is realistic, engaging and challenging without being excessively complex.
Research Evidence and Social Work Practice: The Place of Evidence-Based Practice

This article will examine what evidence-based practice (EBP) is and is not. EBP will be defined and distinguished from other different, but related, terms and concepts. The steps of EBP as a practice decision-making process will be detailed and illustrated. The kinds of evidence EBP values and devalues will be discussed in several contexts. The administrative uses of EBP and its larger societal context will also be examined. A family therapy based example of doing EBP in clinical practice will show how it can be a real benefit to practice, but also points out some of its challenges and limitations.
Inelastic-neutron-scattering study of (111) LA phonons in Nb 3 Sn

The phonon dispersion of ($\ensuremath{\zeta}$, $\ensuremath{\zeta}$, $\ensuremath{\zeta}$) LA phonons is determined for $\ensuremath{\zeta}l~0.24$. The pronounced anomaly predicted by a recent first-principles treatment of electron-phonon interactions is not observed.
Optical–optical double resonance with two dye lasers: Rotational analysis of the E 2Σ–B2Σ system of Ca35Cl

A complete rotational analysis of the E 2Σ–B 2Σ system of CaCl has been accomplished using two tunable dye lasers. The first cw laser is tuned to a known B 2Σ–X 2Σ transition to produce a finite concentration of molecules in a particular quantum state. Subsequently, a second pulsed dye laser is used to record the E 2Σ–B 2Σ excitation spectrum from this state prepared level. The method vastly simplifies an otherwise congested molecular spectrum. The data are combined with previous microwave measurements on the X 2Σ state and optical data on the B 2Σ–X 2Σ system to give the following molecular constants (cm−1). Uncertainties are 95% confidence limits in the last digit.
Harmonic imaging with levovist

Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that second harmonic imaging preferentially detects backscatter from microbubbles compared with tissue structural components. A prototype second harmonic scanner was used to image a flow channel in a tissue-mimicking rubber phantom (liver density). Video time-intensity curves were calculated from repeated bolus injections of microbubble echocardiographic contrast material under the same fluid dynamic conditions but with three different imaging modes: (1) fundamental imaging at 2.5 MHz (transmit and receive at 2.5 MHz), (2) fundamental imaging at 5.0 MHz (transmit and receive at 5.0 MHz), and (3) second harmonic imaging (transmit at 2.5 MHz and receive at 5.0 MHz). Each video time-intensity curve was calibrated such that quantitative backscatter intensity was measured relative to the tissue phantom (0 dB). The peak increase in backscatter from the contrast material in the channel relative to the tissue phantom and the intensity in the channel before the contrast effect (the noise floor) was measured along with the area under the calibrated time-intensity curve relative to the phantom. When referenced to the noise floor in the flow channel, all imaging modes produced approximately 25 dB of enhancement. However, when referenced to the tissue phantom, second harmonic imaging produced a 22.3±1.8 dB peak enhancement, which was greater than either fundamental imaging at 2.5 MHz (15.5±0.8 dB; p p
Significant Contributions of the Diesel Research Laboratory

This review of Diesel engine development is based on the work carried out at the Diesel Research Laboratory of Caterpillar Tractor Co. under the sponsorship of the author as Director of Research.For many years intensive effort has been made to understand the combustion process in this type of engine by a better knowledge of the fundamentals of ignition and the mechanism of the combustion process, and this study has been developed in the laboratory on a competitive basis. Originally six combustion systems were put to trial and a modified precombustion-chamber engine won the palm of victory on the basis of its ability to maintain uniformity over extended periods of operation.Briefly, the character of the comparative combustion studies followed two general classifications: (1) visual combustion studies; (2) study of combustion-chamber deposits.In order to make extended studies of the combustion phenomena by visual means, a quartz window was designed to achieve maximum cleanliness without the distraction of s...