cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results of a user study on 2D hurricane visualization

We present the results from a user study looking at the ability of observers to mentally integrate wind direction and magnitude over a vector field. The data set chosen for the study is an MM5 (PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model) simulation of Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico as it approaches the southeastern United States. Nine observers participated in the study. This study investigates the effect of layering on the observer's ability to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector field. We found a tendency for observers to underestimate the magnitude of the vectors and a counter-clockwise bias when determining the average direction of a vector field. We completed an additional study with two observers to try to uncover the source of the counter-clockwise bias. These results have direct implications to atmospheric scientists, but may also be able to be applied to other fields that use 2D vector fields.
Innovation in Nursing Education: A Statewide Grant Initiative:

Meeting the challenges of the nursing shortage appears to be daunting for schools of nursing across the nation as they struggle to meet educational capacity needs with limited resources. A statewide grant program was developed and implemented through legislative initiatives providing opportunities for schools of nursing to respond to the need for innovation in nursing education. This article shares some of the successes and challenges identified through the process of implementing and evaluating this grant program. Insights into the political and regulatory process are provided as a model for other states to consider. Examples of educational strategies that were successful in improving the recruitment and retention of students and faculty are discussed. Nursing and other health care leaders across the nation should look to policy initiatives such as grant programs to infuse innovation into educational programs and to address educational capacity issues compounding the nursing shortage.
Tricks of transference: Oka Asajirō (1868-1944) on Laissez-faire capitalism.

Contrary to common portrayals of social Darwinism as a transference of laissez-faire values, the widely read evolutionism of Japan's foremost Darwinist of the early twentieth-century, Oka Asajirō (1868–1944), reflects a statist outlook that regards capitalism as the beginning of the nation's degeneration. The evolutionary theory of orthogenesis that Oka employed in his 1910 essay, “The Future of Humankind,” links him to a pre-Darwinian idealist tradition that depicted the state as an organism that develops through life-cycle stages. For Oka, laissez-faire capitalism marked the moment when the state began to decline toward extinction due to the orthogenetic overdevelopment of hitherto subordinate individual egos. Because conservative bureaucrat-intellectuals had been drawing upon this same organicist-developmental tradition since the 1880s in an attempt to forestall the social ills of industrialism, Oka's call for statist measures, including eugenics, to lessen and delay the atomizing, enervating, and corrupting influence of capitalism articulated the political vision of officialdom. Statist evolutionism, not social Darwinism, might be the term that best describes Oka's approach.
Poly-SiC capacitive pressure sensors made by wafer bonding

SiC is an attractive material for harsh environment micromachined transducers due to its outstanding electrical, mechanical and chemical properties. In this paper, we report on the successful fabrication of SiC-based capacitive pressure sensors made from low-stress, heavily-doped polycrystalline 3C-SiC (poly-SiC) films. The low stress films enable the use of conventional vacuum wafer bonding techniques to realize diaphragm-based sensors that incorporate sealed vacuum cavities. Sensors with diaphragms ranging from 200 mum to 1 mm in diameter were successfully fabricated by wafer bonding. The sensors operate as touch-mode devices and exhibit a linear response between 17.0 and 25.3 PSI at 400degC, which was the maximum operating temperature of the setup
Measuring ADHD behaviors in children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or convergence insufficiency: a preliminary study

Background:Accommodative dysfunction and convergence insufficiency (CI) are common pediatric vision problems that have been associated with an increase in frequency and severity of vision-specific symptoms that affect children when doing schoolwork. However, the relationship between accommodative dysfunction and CI and other learning problems, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ADHD behaviors in school-aged children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or CI. Methods:Children 8 to 15 years of age with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or CI were recruited from the teaching clinic at the Southern California College of Optometry. Children with learning disabilities or ADHD were excluded. One parent of each child completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale‐Revised Short Form (CPRSR:S). The children’s scores on the CPRS-R:S were compared with the normative sample. Results:Twenty-four children (9 boys and 15 girls) participated in the study with a mean age of 10.93 years (SD! 1.75). On the CPRS-R:S, cognitive problem/inattention, hyperactivity, and ADHD index were significantly different from normative values (p!.001 for all tests). Conclusions:The results from this preliminary study suggest that school-aged children with symptomatic accommodative dysfunction or CI have a higher frequency of behaviors related to school performance and attention as measured by the CPRS-R:S.
Serum carotenoid concentrations in US children and adolescents

Background: Carotenoids, a class of phytochemicals, may affect the risk of several chronic conditions. Objective: Our objective was to describe the distributions and correlates of serum carotenoid concentrations in US children and adolescents. Design: Using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988‐1994), a cross-sectional study, we examined the distributions of serum concentrations of � -carotene, � -carotene, � -cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene among 4231 persons aged 6‐16 y. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, povertyincome ratio, body mass index status, HDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations, C-reactive protein concentration, and cotinine concentration, only HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) and non-HDLcholesterol (P < 0.001) concentrations were directly related to all carotenoid concentrations. Age (P < 0.001) and body mass index status (P < 0.001) were inversely related to all carotenoid concentrations except those of lycopene. Young males had slightly higher carotenoid concentrations than did young females, but the differences were significant only for lycopene concentrations ( P= 0.029). African American children and adolescents had significantly higher � -cryptoxanthin (P < 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001), and lycopene (P = 0.006) concentrations but lower � -carotene (P < 0.001) concentrations than did white children and adolescents. MexicanAmerican children and adolescents had higher � -carotene (P < 0.001), � -cryptoxanthin (P < 0.001), and lutein and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001) concentrations but lower lycopene ( P= 0.001) concentrations than did white children and adolescents. C-reactive protein concentrations were inversely related to � -carotene (P < 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001), and lycopene ( P= 0.023) concentrations. Cotinine concentrations were inversely related to � -carotene ( P= 0.002), � -carotene (P < 0.001), and � -cryptoxanthin (P < 0.001) concentrations. Conclusion: These data show significant variations in serum carotenoid concentrations among US children and adolescents and may be valuable as reference ranges for this population. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:818‐27.
Effects of Thermal Insulation Penetrating Electrical Boxes

When residential walls are retrofitted with "foamed-in" urea-formaldehyde or "blown-in" cellulose thermal insulations, the insulation may enter electrical outlet and switch boxes. The effects of these thermal insulations on electrical components such as outlet and switch boxes were studied. Electrical outlet and switch boxes were filled with thermal insulation, and exposed to 44, 75, or 96 percent relative humidities for periods of 1 to 12 months. The amounts and rates of corrosion which took place were determined by measuring weight loss, corrosion current, and by visual inspection. Effects of the insulations on the performances of the electrical components also were investigated. Results of this study indicate that shock hazards may exist if metal wall plates are used with ungrounded systems when they are in contact with moist thermal insulation. Therefore, it is recommended that thermal insulations should be removed from outlet and switch boxes.
Five-year follow-up study of hearing loss at several locations within a large automobile company

This longitudinal epidemiologic study was designed to investigate hearing loss over a 5-year period among noise-exposed employees of a large automobile company and to assess effectiveness of hearing conservation programs at locations representing the spectrum of operations (assembly, light manufacturing, heavy manufacturing and machining, metal fabrication, and founding). Based on computerized audiometric test data, the study summarizes methodology developed for measuring occupational hearing loss and its application in evaluating programs at these locations, which had maximal 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) noise exposures ranging from 104 to 110 dB(A). Methods presented here provide for consideration of age and hearing level of study subjects at baseline audiogram and clearly demonstrate the extent of hearing loss during the study period. Among five study locations, the average hearing loss at 2,000–4,000 Hz in the worst-loss ear ranged from 3.4 to 6.2 dB over the follow-up period; after adjustment for presbycusis, the loss was less than 2 dB at all but one location, which showed a loss of nearly 4 dB. In comparison to a control group of nonnoise-exposed employees, hearing conservation programs at four of the five locations were judged to be effective. One location, a metal fabrication plant with a large percentage of employees having an 8-hr TWA noise exposure over 90 dB(A), was particularly noted for the effectiveness of its program. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Center conductor design for the compact spherical torus reactor

The spherical torus (ST) concept has been previously proposed as a means of achieving high plasma beta at low aspect ratio and low magnetic field. The center post performance is presently analyzed as a function of operating time for a representative spherical torus reactor with the following parameters: (1) 2000-MW thermal power; (2) 1.45-m major radius; (3) 1.17-m minor radius (A=1.22); (4) elongation, 2.2; and (5) toroidal field on axis 0.824 T. The key engineering issues for the center post design are the resistive loss, magnet coolant velocity, conductor temperatures, and physical erosion of the magnet by the coolant flow. Specifically, resistive loss can be as high as 111 MW, with peak conductor temperature under 300 degrees C, requiring a peak coolant velocity of approximately 12 m/s. >
Molecular analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial populations in aerated-anoxic orbal processes.

Aerated-anoxic processes operate under the principle that small additions of oxygen to an anoxic reactor induce simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. In these systems, ammonia oxidation in the anoxic zone can easily account for 30–50% of the total nitrification in the reactor, even though the dissolved oxygen concentration is usually below detection limit. To investigate whether the nitrification efficiency in aerated-anoxic processes was due to the presence of specialized ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), an analysis of the AOB population in an aerated-anoxic Orbal process and a conventional nitrogen removal process was carried out using phylogenetic analyses based on the ammonia monooxygenase A ( amoA ) gene. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analyses revealed that Nitrosospira -like organisms were one of the major contributors to ammonia oxidation in a full-scale aerated-anoxic Orbal reactor. However, the relative populations of Nitrosospira -like and Nitrosomonas -like AOB were not constant and appeared to have seasonal variability. Cloning and sequence comparison of amoA gene fragments demonstrated that most of the AOB in the aerated-anoxic Orbal process belonged to the Nitrosospira sp. and Nitrosomonas oligotropha lineages. The abundance of Nitrosospira -like organisms in aerated-anoxic reactors is significant, since this group of AOB has not been usually associated with nitrification in wastewater treatment plants.
Harnessing local ecological knowledge for conservation decision making via Wisdom of Crowds: the case of the Manus green tree snail Papustyla pulcherrima

The shell of the Manus green tree snail Papustyla pulcherrima is renowned for its beauty and is subject to international protection under CITES, having been harvested intensively in the past. To determine its threat status, and whether further conservation action is justified, an inexpensive Wisdom of Crowds approach was used to estimate the change in relative density of the snail between 1998 and 2013. Local men and women were approached around the main market on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, and asked to map the relative abundance of the snail on an ordinal scale, based on their personal observations in 2013 and 1998 (a year of cultural significance). The spatial abundance data from 400 surveys were analysed using an information-theoretic approach. A suite of cumulative link models incorporating geographical factors was used to determine the magnitude of the change and to investigate possible biological influences underpinning the reported pattern. High abundance of the snail was associated with intact forested areas, high elevation and low population density. A slow decline was evident, with the median percentage of map cells where the snail was categorized as plentiful decreasing by c. 20% between the 2 years. On this basis a categorization of Near Threatened was advocated for the species. Although it is arguable that Wisdom of Crowds methods cannot be substituted for in situ quantification, the approach appears to have utility as a preliminary assessment for further conservation expenditure, and as a tool for determining threat status.
Complex doubles of bordered Klein surfaces with maximal symmetry

A compact bordered Klein surface X of algebraic genus g ≥ 2 has maximal symmetry [6] if its automorphism group A ( X ) is of order 12(g — 1), the largest possible. The bordered surfaces with maximal symmetry are clearly of special interest and have been studied in several recent papers ([6] and [9] among others).
Cirugía renal robótica: nefrectomía radical y parcial

OBJETIVOS La robotica esta desarrollando un papel en la urologia, tratando de resolver las limitaciones, en cuanto a su realizacion, de la laparoscopia estandar. A pesar de que se ha usado principalmente en la prostatectomia radical, el papel de la robotica se esta expandiendo a otras cirugias retroperineales. Revisamos la viabilidad de la nefrectomia parcial y radical robotica. METODOS Se analizo la literatura cientifica en relacion a la nefrectomia parcial y radical robotica. Se revisan los datos recopilados asi como la experiencia personal. RESULTADOS La viabilidad y seguridad de la nefrectomia laparoscopica asistida por robot y de la nefrectomia parcial han sido demostradas por multiples estudios. El tiempo quirurgico es mayor con el sistema robotico comparado con el de la laparoscopia pura. Aunque los indices de complicaciones son bajos, la cirugia renal robotica requiere dos cirujanos experimentados. CONCLUSIONES Mientras que el uso de la robotica en la cirugia renal puede aumentar las habilidades en la sutura, en la actualidad, este sistema requiere dos cirujanos expertos y un mayor tiempo quirurgico. El papel exacto de la robotica en la cirugia renal exeretica no esta aun muy claro y puede necesitar avances quirurgicos y tecnicos antes de que la cirugia renal robotica sea aceptada mayoritariamente.
Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI in Low‐Grade Versus Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Low-grade and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are often difficult to differentiate on the basis of conventional MR imaging characteristics. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI can assess tumor microvasculature and has demonstrated utility for predicting glioma grade and prognosis in primary brain tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of plasma volume (Vp) and volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans) derived from DCE MRI in differentiating between grade II and grade III oligodendrogliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed oligodendroglioma (World Health Organization grade II, n = 14 and grade III, n = 10) were retrospectively assessed. Pretreatment DCE MRI was performed and regions of interest were manually drawn around the entire tumor volume to calculate Vp and Ktrans. The Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to compare pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 groups. RESULTS The Vpmean values for grade III oligodendrogliomas were significantly higher (P = .03) than those for grade II oligodendrogliomas. The Ktransmean values were higher in grade III lesions, but the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P > .05). Based on ROC analysis, the Vpmean (area under curve = .757, SD = .1) cut-off value that provided the best combination of high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between grade II and III oligodendrogliomas was 2.35 (P < .03). CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest the DCE MRI parameter Vpmean can noninvasively differentiate between grade II and grade III oligodendrogliomas.
Optimized capture section for a muon accelerator front end

An optimized design of the solenoidal capture system for a high-power neutrino factory leads to an increase of the useful pions, while minimizing the transverse and longitudinal emittances.
A qualitative study of parenting stress, coping, and discipline approaches among low-income traumatized mothers.

ABSTRACT:Objective:The use of harsh discipline is a risk factor for child maltreatment and is more common among families in which mothers have previously experienced trauma. We sought to understand the stressors experienced by low-income traumatized mothers and the perceived impact of those stressor
Using Video Models to Teach Students With Disabilities to Play the Wii

This study investigated effects of video modeling (VM) when teaching recreation and leisure skills to three high school students with moderate intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder...
Language and Emotion

Originally a keynote address at the International Society for Research on Emotion (ISRE) 2013 convention, this article surveys many nonobvious ways that emotion phenomena show up in natural language. One conclusion is that no classical Aristotelian definition of “emotion” in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions is possible. The brain naturally creates radial, not classical categories. As a result, “emotion” is a contested concept. There is no one correct, classical definition of “emotion.” There are real emotion phenomena that can be precisely studied, and language is an important area to look at for such phenomena.
Long-lived digital integrity using short-lived hash functions.

function? This is no longer the merely academic ques­ tion it was when it was first raised by the authors of New collision-finding attacks on widely used crypto[3], who proposed an incorrect solution, and then cor­ graphic hash functions raise questions about systems rectly solved by [1]. that depend on certain properties of these functions for their security. Even after new and presumably better hash functions are deployed, users may have 2 Renewing integrity certifi­ digital signatures and digital time-stamp certificates cates that were computed with recently deprecated hash functions. Is there any way to use a new and cur­ rently unassailable hash function to buttress the se2.1 Time-stamp certificates curity of an old signature or time-stamp certificate? Here we describe the process of “renewing” digital The main purpose of this note is to remind the time-stamp certificates, as presented by [1]. technical community of a simple solution to this probSuppose that an implementation of a particular lem that was published more than a decade ago. time-stamping system is in place, and consider the pair (x, c1), where c1 is a valid time-stamp certifi­ cate (in this implementation) for the bit-string x. Introduction Now suppose that some time later an improved timeWith advances in computational power and restamping system is implemented and deployed—by sources, as well as the discovery of entirely new cryptreplacing the hash function used in the original sys­ analytic algorithms, particular instances of cryptotem with a new hash function, or even perhaps af­ graphic primitives that were secure when they were ter the invention of a completely new algorithm. Is first deployed may become insecure several years there any way to use the new time-stamping system later. In the last couple of years, the cryptographic to buttress the guarantee of integrity supplied by the community has been surprised by powerful new atcertificate, c1, in the face of potential later attacks on tacks on the hash functions MD5 and SHA-1, among the old system? others [6, 5]. This raises the question of how best to One could simply submit x as a request to the new introduce a new and presumably more secure hash time-stamping system. But this would lose the confunction into a system that now uses an older hashnection to the original time of certification. function design that may soon be subject to devasAnother possibility is to submit c1 as a request to tating compromise. In particular, what can be done the new time-stamping system. But that would be with digital signatures and time-stamp certificates vulnerable to the later existence of a devastating atthat were computed using the original system’s hash tack on the hash function used in the computation
Impotence in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Dialysis: Its Frequency and Etiology

Fourteen patients with chronic renal failure and on a hemodialysis program underwent neurologic, psychiatric, and endocrine studies to determine the frequency and etiology of impotence in uremics. The data suggest that impotence is more frequent in the chronic dialysis group than in the general population. All seven of the impotent men were found to have prolonged nerve conduct on velocity and absent bulbocavernosus reflexes. Several of the impotent men also had clinical depression and low plasma testosterone levels. Neuropathy may be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of impotence in the uremic, but the importance of both psychiatric and endocrine influences must be strongly considered.
Recurrent or aggressive bladder cancer. Indications for adjuvant intravesical therapy.

SUMMARY Advances in understanding of the variables that adversely affect the prognosis of patients with superficial bladder cancer allow more accurate predictions of the aggressive biologic potential of tumors. Intravesical therapy appears to be an effective and essential adjuvant in those patients with high-risk tumor variables. Multiple risk factors related to the tumor, individual patient characteristics, and treatment modality must be evaluated. Assignment of the relative importance of these risk factors will differ from patient to patient. Factors useful for predicting tumor aggressiveness in order to decide the appropriateness of adjuvant intravesical therapy include tumor size, configuration, and grade; ploidy status; Tis and T1 categories; multifocality; postoperative cytologic analysis; the failure of prior intravesical therapy; and prostatic urethral involvement. The integration of this information with formulation of a treatment plan represents both the art and the science of urologic oncologic practice. Research efforts need to be directed at the development of better tumor markers for superficial bladder cancer.
The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis

In the spring of 1837, people panicked as financial and economic uncertainty spread within and between New York, New Orleans and London. Although the period of panic would dramatically influence political, cultural and social history, those who panicked sought to erase from history their experiences of one of America's worst early financial crises. The Many Panics of 1837 reconstructs this period in order to make arguments about the national boundaries of history, the role of information in the economy, the personal and local nature of national and international events, the origins and dissemination of economic ideas, and most importantly, what actually happened in 1837. This riveting transatlantic cultural history, based on archival research on two continents, reveals how people transformed their experiences of financial crisis into the 'Panic of 1837', a single event that would serve as a turning point in American history and an early inspiration for business cycle theory.
Graham Swift: Last Orders (1996)

In Nights at the Circus gender politics are complicated and critiqued by socialist politics. In Last Orders the politics of social class are imbricated with those of gender. “It aint like your regular sort of day” (1). Last Orders, Graham Swift’s sixth Booker prize-winning novel, plunges the reader from its opening sentence into the lower-class demotic speech patterns and accompanying modes of thinking and behaving that constitute the world of this novel. That world is confined to the lives of working-class characters who, even when they leave Bermondsey, a borough in South London, manage to take its ethos with them. Despite the wide attention that has been paid to this novel, which a number of critics and reviewers consider to be equal to or better than his third novel, Waterland (1983), relatively little attention has been paid to ways in which all its characters have been interpellated by the behavioral norms of their working-class identity. To what extent are all the characters in Last Orders circumscribed by the class to which they belong? And how is the formation of their identity by their membership of a particular class modified by their gender, age, nationality, and other such potentially determining factors? Alternatively, to what extent do the characters escape from the limitations of income, vocabulary, and outlook that is traditionally associated with South London’s working-class population?
Configurational Assignments in Certain Stereoisomeric Sets

In this Chapter an attempt will be made to summarize our knowledge concerning cis configurations proposed on the basis of stereo isomerization experiments and to coordinate them with the information gained by total synthesis. The reader will note that the available data are both heterogeneous and fragmentary.
Juvenile Justice and Forensic Settings: The TARGET Approach

More than 80 % of youth in juvenile justice or forensic settings report a lifetime history of exposure to at least one traumatic stressor, and the majority report multiple types of victimization, which places them at risk for severe and persistent behavioral and legal (e.g., recidivism) as well as emotional and developmental problems (Ford et al. 2013b). Youth also may be exposed to traumatic stressors while in juvenile justice supervision or facilities, compounding their traumatic stress symptoms and potentially leading them to engage in behavior (e.g., reactive aggression) that can endanger other youths and adults (Ford et al. 2012). Traumatized youth involved in juvenile justice also may appear to be sociopathic due to acquiring “callous and unemotional traits” as a result of emotional numbing (Kerig et al. 2012), leading them to be labeled as irredeemable and putting them at risk for lifelong incarceration or violent death (Teplin et al. 2005).
Relationship between tumor size and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry.

7047 Background: Tumor size is a known prognostic factor for early stage (I and II) NSCLC, but its significance in node positive or locally advanced NSCLC has not been determined. We sought to evaluate its prognostic value in early and locally advanced NSCLC and create a nomogram incorporating tumor size and other prognostic variables to predict survival. Methods: The SEER registry was queried for patients (pts) with NSCLC, aged 20-103 and diagnosed between 1998 and 2003. Pts with extra-pulmonary metastases or distant lymph node metastases were excluded. Tumor size was analyzed as a continuous variable. Other demographic variables included age, gender, race, histology, primary tumor extension, node status and primary treatment modality (surgery vs radiation). Log-rank test was performed to evaluate the relationship between these variables and overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate whether tumor size was an independent prognostic factor. Results: 52,287 eligible pts were ...
SuperGraph-SLP Auto-Vectorization

SIMD vectors help improve the performance of certain applications. The code gets vectorized into SIMD form either by hand, or automatically with auto-vectorizing compilers. The Superword-Level Parallelism (SLP) vectorization algorithm is a widely used algorithm for vectorizing straight-line code and is part of most industrial compilers. The algorithm attempts to pack scalar instructions into vectors starting from specific seed instructions in a bottom-up way. This approach, however, suffers from two main problems: (i) the algorithm may not reach instructions that could have been vectorized, and (ii) atomically operating on individual SLP graphs suffers from cost overestimation when consecutive SLP graphs share data. Both issues lead to missed vectorization opportunities even in simple code.In this work we propose SuperGraph-SLP (SG-SLP), an improved vectorization algorithm that overcomes these limitations of the existing algorithm. SG-SLP operates on a larger region, called the SuperGraph. This allows it to reach and successfully vectorize code that was previously unreachable. Moreover, the new region helps eliminate the inaccuracies in the cost-calculation as it allows for a more holistic view of the code. Our experiments show that SG-SLP improves the vectorization coverage and outperforms the state-of-the-art SLP across a number kernels by 36% on average, without affecting the compilation time.
Twenty five years of cognitive care education research: Time for a revolutionary change

ABSTRACTThis is the third study of Cognitive Care Education in New York State nursing homes using cross-sectional methods over a 25 year period. The data indicate that the Cognitive Care Education increased at statistically significant levels, albeit by evolutionary means. It is now time for “A Revolutionary Change,” for Cognitive Care Education, whereby the ideal level of 20 to 32 hours of education is provided to cognitive care providers.Cognitive care encompasses a range of behavioral problems that require appropriate education. These might include communication difficulties, perseveration (repetition of an idea or activity), aggressive behaviors, paranoia, memory problems, and wandering (Savundranayagam & Orange, 2014). This study assessed Cognitive Care Education as the “Amount and type of education provided to cognitive care providers on how to care for the cognitively impaired including knowledge and skills to understand cognitive impairments and requisite standards to improve quality of care and l...
Intersections of Indian and Western Aesthetics: Mulk Raj Anand as a Critic of the Arts

Mulk Raj Anand is a well-established novelist and critic. But his work as a critic of the arts, starting with Persian Painting (1930), The Hindu View of Art (1933) and moving on to Kama Kala (1968)...
Abstraction and Idealization in Biomedicine: The Nonautonomous Theory of Acute Cell Injury

Neuroprotection seeks to halt cell death after brain ischemia and has been shown to be possible in laboratory studies. However, neuroprotection has not been successfully translated into clinical practice, despite voluminous research and controlled clinical trials. We suggested these failures may be due, at least in part, to the lack of a general theory of cell injury to guide research into specific injuries. The nonlinear dynamical theory of acute cell injury was introduced to ameliorate this situation. Here we present a revised nonautonomous nonlinear theory of acute cell injury and show how to interpret its solutions in terms of acute biomedical injuries. The theory solutions demonstrate the complexity of possible outcomes following an idealized acute injury and indicate that a “one size fits all” therapy is unlikely to be successful. This conclusion is offset by the fact that the theory can (1) determine if a cell has the possibility to survive given a specific acute injury, and (2) calculate the degree of therapy needed to cause survival. To appreciate these conclusions, it is necessary to idealize and abstract complex physical systems to identify the fundamental mechanism governing the injury dynamics. The path of abstraction and idealization in biomedical research opens the possibility for medical treatments that may achieve engineering levels of precision.
Successional Changes and Habitat Selection in Hayfield Bird Communities

I examined the effects of successional changes in vegetation on the breeding dispersion of grassland birds in hayfields in New York. I sampled vegetation and counted birds in 90 hayfields of various ages (i.e. number of years since planting) and sizes that were originally planted to a legume-dominated seed mixture. I also resampled a subset of these fields two years later. Over time, these hayfields changed from tall, dense, homogeneous stands of legume-dominated vegetation to short, sparse, patchy stands of grass-dominated vegetation. Fields of all ages were dominated by introduced plant species. Red-winged Black- birds (Agelaius phoeniceus), the most common bird species breeding in these fields, were most common in fields of intermediate ages, whereas numbers of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), the second most abundant species, increased logarithmically with field age. Upland Sand- pipers (Bartramia longicauda), Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), and Henslow's Sparrows (A. henslowii) were most abundant in the oldest hayfields, whereas abundances of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis, the third most common species) did not differ in fields of different ages. Bird-species richness and diversity increased linearly with hayfield age. Three species (Red-winged Blackbird, Bobolink, Savannah Sparrow) accounted for more than 90% of the breeding individuals. Vegetation structure, composition, and patch size were the most important proximate cor- relates of habitat selection for these species. Hayfield size was positively correlated with abundance for five of the seven most common species. Furthermore, those species that nested late in the season (Bobolinks, Grasshopper Sparrows, and Henslow's Sparrows) had low
The Colour of Thought

There are countless illustrations that attest to the level of rigour associated with perusing postgraduate study – some empirical (Abedi & Benkin, 1987; Bowen, & Rudenstine, 1992; Goldie, 1998, 2005; Fischer, & Zigmond, 1998), others anecdotal (Mitchell & Rosiek, 2005; Smallwood, 2004), and still others somewhere inbetween (Baird, 1990; Edwards, 2010; Turner, Miller, & Mitchell-Kernan, 2002).
Characterization of Nicalon fibres with varying diameters: Part I Strength and fracture studies

Experimental studies have been conducted to examine the strength and fracture behaviour of monofilament Nicalon SiC fibres with diameters ranging from 8 to 22 μm. The effects of varying fibre diameter, flaw location and flaw population on the mechanical response of individual fibres were investigated by recourse to extensive fractographic analysis performed on fibres fractured under tensile loading. Results indicate that variations in fibre diameter influence the apparent fibre fracture toughness (K1c), with higher K1c values observed for decreasing fibre diameters. Observations also suggest that the location of the critical flaw may play a role in the fracture of Nicalon fibres. Tensile strength values are shown to increase as the normalized distance of the critical flaw from the fibre centre increases, while critical flaw population appears to be strongly dependent on location. The ratio of K1c to geometry factor (Y) is observed to remain constant with varying flaw location. In addition to surface flaws, three distinct internal flaw populations are seen to cause fracture in Nicalon fibres. Based on these experimental findings, a statistical characterization of the strength of Nicalon fibres with varying diameters is presented in Part II of this paper. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
VANET Communication Impact on a Dynamic Eco-Routing System Performance: Preliminary Results

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) are an integral part of smart cities in which vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) provides a medium to exchange data between vehicles and the traffic management center (TMC). Consequently, the performance of this communication network (packet delay and drop rate) can affect the performance of the transportation system. Furthermore, speeds, locations, and density of vehicular traffic also affect the VANET performance. Modeling such mutual interaction is challenging, not only because of its complexity but also because of the scale of the system. In this paper, we introduce a new scalable framework for modeling communication in vehicular networks. This model enables the mutual impact and interaction of the communication and transportation system to be studied. An important advantage of the proposed framework is its scalability, which supports tens of thousands of concurrent vehicles in the network. This framework is developed and used to study the impact of communication on the performance of a dynamic eco- routing application. For the network used, the results show that in some cases the communication system performance can negatively affect the eco- routing system performance, in some cases, it increased the average fuel consumption by approximately 6%.
New Outbreaks of Verticillium Wilt on Hop in Oregon Caused by Nonlethal Verticillium albo-atrum

Abstract In 2006 and 2007, outbreaks of Verticillium wilt on hop were detected on two farms in Oregon. Some Verticillium pathogens cause minor damage to hop but others can kill susceptible cultivar...
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, Noncovalent Forces, and Water

Living systems are characterized by a degree of complexity and associated order absent in the nonliving world. This complexity and order is maintained only at the expense of free energy from the environment, the sun being the ultimate source of this energy. Living systems are thus open systems—able to exchange matter and energy with their surroundings—and, as we shall see, when such systems are driven from equilibrium, there occurs the possibility for their increasing organization.
Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Naloxone and Naltrexone Following Intranasal Administration to Healthy Subjects.

Naloxone (17-allyl-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one HCl), a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, is administered intranasally to reverse an opioid overdose but its short half-life may necessitate subsequent doses. The addition of naltrexone [17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one], another μ-receptor antagonist, which has a reported half-life of 3 1/2 hours, may extend the available time to receive medical treatment. In a phase 1 pharmacokinetic study, healthy adults were administered naloxone and naltrexone intranasally, separately and in combination. When administered with naloxone, the Cmax value of naltrexone decreased 62% and the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–inf) decreased 38% compared with when it was given separately; lower concentrations of naltrexone were observed as early as 5 minutes postdose. In contrast, the Cmax and AUC0–inf values of naloxone decreased only 18% and 16%, respectively, when given with naltrexone. This apparent interaction was investigated further to determine if naloxone and naltrexone shared a transporter. Neither compound was a substrate for organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2, OCT3, OCTN1, or OCTN2. There was no evidence of the involvement of a transmembrane transporter when they were tested separately or in combination at concentrations of 10 and 500 µM using Madin-Darby canine kidney II cell monolayers at pH 7.4. The efflux ratios of naloxone and naltrexone increased to six or greater when the apical solution was pH 5.5, the approximate pH of the nasal cavity; there was no apparent interaction when the two were coincubated. The importance of understanding how opioid antagonists are absorbed by the nasal epithelium is magnified by the rise in overdose deaths attributed to long-lived synthetic opioids and the realization that better strategies are needed to treat opioid overdoses.
Charles A. Wedemeyer and the First Theorists

Charles A. Wedemeyer (1911–1999) is recognized as one of the first educators to advocate for scholarship in the field of distance education. He invented a systems approach and then put his theory into practice, creating the ground-breaking experimental Articulated Instructional Media (AIM) program at the University of Wisconsin. This chapter casts light on Wedemeyer’s impact on the field, including the Open University of the United Kingdom, ICCE, as well as his influence on three other major theorists (Holmberg, Moore, and Peters).
Effects of Moloney Leukemia Virus 10 Protein on Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Viral Replication

Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) is an RNA helicase that has been shown to affect the replication of several viruses. The effect of MOV10 on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not known and its role on the replication of this virus is poorly understood. We investigated the effect of MOV10 down-regulation and MOV10 over-expression on HBV in a variety of cell lines, as well as in an infection system using a replication competent virus. We report that MOV10 down-regulation, using siRNA, shRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulted in increased levels of HBV DNA, HBV pre-genomic RNA, and HBV core protein. In contrast, MOV10 over-expression reduced HBV DNA, HBV pre-genomic RNA, and HBV core protein. These effects were consistent in all tested cell lines, providing strong evidence for the involvement of MOV10 in the HBV life cycle. We demonstrated that MOV10 does not interact with HBV-core. However, MOV10 binds HBV pgRNA and this interaction does not affect HBV pgRNA decay rate. We conclude that the restriction of HBV by MOV10 is mediated through effects at the level of viral RNA.
Identification of a red 'fiber': Chironomid larvae

During preliminary examination of the body of a homicide victim, a peculiar red “fiber” was noticed and recovered. Initially believing this to be a carpet fiber, the item was subjected to fiber analysis. It was found to be a short coiled particle not like any known natural or synthetic fabric fiber. Subsequent examinations determined this “fiber” to be the larva of a common freshwater midge (Diptera; Chironomidae). Chironomid larvae have been observed on other bodies recovered from freshwater environments. Entomological studies of this organism have led to the conclusion that the presence of chironomid larvae indicates submersion of the body.
Patent Trolls and the Market for Acquisitions

Frivolous patent-infringement claims increase the cost of innovation for small businesses and force them to exit via premature and discounted acquisitions. This study investigates the effect of abusive patent-infringement claims by patent trolls on acquisitions of small firms. I exploit the staggered adoption of anti-patent troll laws in 35 states as a quasi-natural experiment and find that the laws have two effects on acquisitions. First, the number of acquisitions of small businesses by large firms declines after these laws are passed. Second, the anti-troll laws increase the acquisition price for large firms. I find that the market reflects the increased cost of acquisition following the passage of anti-troll laws as measured by the lower acquisition announcement returns. Moreover, I find evidence that large firms increase R&D expenditure after the adoption of state laws. Using a sample of acquisitions that are plausibly unaffected by the state laws, I disentangle alternative explanations such as local economic shocks, industry-wide changes and merger waves. Overall, the findings suggest that the anti-patent troll laws increase the value of small innovative firms.
GPCNeT: designing a benchmark suite for inducing and measuring contention in HPC networks

Network congestion is one of the biggest problems facing HPC systems today, affecting system throughput, performance, user experience, and reproducibility. Congestion manifests as run-to-run variability due to contention for shared resources (e.g., filesystems) or routes between compute endpoints. Despite its significance, current network benchmarks fail to proxy the real-world network utilization seen on congested systems. We propose a new open-source benchmark suite called the Global Performance and Congestion Network Tests (GPCNeT) to advance the state of the practice in this area. The guiding principles used in designing GPCNeT are described and the methodology employed to maximize its utility is presented. The capabilities of GPCNeT are evaluated by analyzing results from several world's largest HPC systems, including an evaluation of congestion management on a next-generation network. The results show that systems of all technologies and scales are susceptible to congestion and this work motivates the need for congestion control in next-generation networks.
FPGA Based High Bandwidth Motor Emulator for Interior Permanent Machine Utilizing SiC Power Converter

An ultra high bandwidth motor emulator for IPM machine utilizing FPGA based controller, interleaved power converter, and fast-switching SiC device is presented in this paper. The bandwidth achieved far exceeds the existing Motor Emulator (ME) solutions that can only emulate fundamental current and only few orders of harmonic current. The ME uses a novel control strategy with a unique gating signal stitching strategy that synchronizes the inverter switching state with the motor emulator switching state for accurate representation of the emulated motor currents in the physical inverter hardware output. The proposed high bandwidth ME can emulate up to the switching ripple current of the Inverter Under Test (IUT). A high fidelity online motor model and high performance of ME current regulation are essential for precise current emulation. The detailed FPGA implementation and control strategy are illustrated in the paper. Simulation and experiment results are provided to verify the high bandwidth current emulating capability.