cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mitogenic potential of trichloroethylene in B6C3F1 mice

Abstract Male and female B6C3F1 mice were given TCE by gavage for 10 days. No histopathologic changes in the livers from control male and female mice were found. Moderate changes around central veins were noted in male or female mice that received 1000 mg/kg/body weight TCE. Histopathological changes included an increase in cytoplasmic eosinophilic staining and apoptoses around the central veins. Mitosis and DNA synthesis were examined using incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into liver cells. Incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine was significantly increased in the DNA of animals receiving TCE. Total liver DNA extracted from TCA-treated mice was not significantly different than those of control groups. Autoradiographic examination of liver sections showed that the incorporation of label in control animals was primarily in perisinusoidal cells. The majority of radiolabel incorporation in TCE-treated mice was found in intermediate zone cells that appeared to be mature hepatocytes. No outstanding differences in the distribution of radiolabel in the liver from male or female mice were noted. When incorporation of [ 3 H] thymidine was quantified by enumeration of labeled hepatocytes following autoradiography, incorporation of the radiolabel into hepatocytes increased proportionally to the applied dose of TCE, but did not increase in peri-sinusoidal cells. Increased mitotic figures in intermediate zone cells resembling mature hepatocytes were found in all mice treated with TCE. These results suggest that liver cell DNA synthesis and mitosis are stimulated by TCE and that these effects may be in part responsible for transformation of liver cells in these mice.
Is contrast just another feature for visual selective attention

The biased-competition theory of attention [Annual Review of Neuroscience 18 (1995) 193] suggests that attention and stimulus contrast trade off, and implies that high-contrast stimuli should be easy to attend to and hard to ignore. To test this, observers searched displays for a target digit. Observers were well able to exclude high-contrast distractors when attempting to search only among low-contrast stimuli (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, location determined which stimuli were relevant. When contrast of relevant and irrelevant stimuli was uncertain (due to contrast varying between trials, Experiment 2), increasing the contrast of distractors impaired performance. However, when contrast was certain (due to blocking of trials, Experiment 3) and targets were of low contrast, high contrast distractors produced less interference than low contrast distractors. The ability of subjects to attend selectively to low vs. high contrast items in Experiments 1 and 3 suggests that selectivity for stimulus contrast might be similar to other types of feature selectivity (e.g., color and location). Such findings are inconsistent with the biased competition theory regarding the interplay of contrast and attention. However, results from Experiment 2 suggest that, when target contrast varies, the default tendency is to attend to high-contrast items.
Numerical studies of viscoelastic flows using a model for entangled polymer solutions with a shear stress maximum

Abstract This paper examines the predicted flow behavior of a recently published constitutive model (the RHL model) for entangled polymeric fluids in a co-rotating two-roll mill. The constitutive model is an approximation of the Doi–Edwards–Marrucci–Grizzuti (DEMG) model. The DEMG model incorporates an explicit description of chain stretching into the basic Doi–Edwards (DE) theory. Thus, the DEMG and the approximate RHL models both exhibit strain-rate softening (or thinning) behavior similar to the DE model for strain rates that are less than the inverse of the largest Rouse relaxation time. This behavior includes the well-known but controversial prediction of a non-monotonic dependence of the shear stress on the shear rate in steady, viscometric flows. The objectives of the present work are two-fold. First, we explore whether the flow simulations capture the decrease in the strength of the extensional flow at the stagnation point of the two-roll mill that is observed experimentally for entangled polymer solutions. A similar decrease in the extensional strength of the flow is both observed and predicted for dilute polymer solutions, but for these systems this behavior is a consequence of the fact that the extensional viscosity increases monotonically with increasing shear rate. On the other hand, for entangled polymer solutions, as well as the RHL approximation to the DE theory, the viscosity decreases with increasing strain rate for strain rates smaller than the inverse of the longest Rouse relaxation time. The second objective is to explore how the non-monotonicity of the stress is manifested in a complex flow system where the flow-type is generally not close to viscometric, and the shear rate varies with position along streamlines in regions where the flow is nearly viscometric. In order to understand the signatures of the shear stress maximum for the complex flow in the co-rotating two-roll mill, we also briefly consider the numerically predicted behavior for two-dimensional channel flow and for Couette flow, both of which have been studied earlier by other authors using different models with a non-monotonic shear stress.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Laminar Channel Flow With a Transparent Wall

A numerical and experimental investigation is undertaken for developing laminar flow in a duct with one opaque, uniformly heated wall and one transparent wall. In the numerical model, mixed convection, radiative exchange, as well as two-dimensional conduction in the substrate are considered. Experiments are conducted in a high-aspect-ratio rectangular channel using infrared thermography to validate the numerical model and visualize the temperature field on a heated surface. An extended parametric study using the validated model is also carried out to assess the impact of channel height, and thermal conductivity and thickness of the substrate. For a channel height of H=6 mm and a heating power of q s =257 W/m 2 , as Re increases from 150 to 940 the fraction of heat transfer by convection from the heated surface rises from 65% to 79%. At Re =150, as H increases from 6 mm to 25 mm, radiation from the heated surface increases from 35% to 70% of the total heating power. The influence of substrate conductivity and thickness on local flux distributions is limited to regions near the channel inlet and outlet. Over the entire parametric space considered, radiation loss from the interior duct surfaces to the inlet and outlet apertures is less than 2% of the total heat input and thus unimportant.
From Black Theology and Black Power to Afrocentric Theology and Hip Hop Power: An Extension and Socio-re-theological Conceptualization of Cone's Theology in Conversation with the Hip Hop Generation

In this paper Dr James H. Cone's Black Theology and Black Power is put in conversation with two hip hop socio-theologians, Lauryn Hill and Talib Kweli. The next move in Black Theology will be led by the hip hop generation and this move will be towards an Afrocentric/African centered theology. The method and socio-theological conditions that surrounded Dr Cone's work are compared and contrasted with the present state of affairs in the African-American community. Dr Cone was writing after the assasinations of Malcolm X and Dr Martin L. King Jr. Hip hop is writing after the election of President Barrack Obama. Hip hop is raising theological questions. As one generation celebrates the realization of a dream, hip hop is rapping about a nightmare. The theological tension between Cone's generation, my generation, and hip hop are also explored.
An Examination of Verbal Imitative Performance in Young Children

Abstract The present study examined the effects of CA, MA, and IQ on verbal imitation of five-year-old children. Three dependent measures of imitation were used: total, mimical, and conceptual. The results indicated that a transition occurs during the fifth year of life as young five-year-olds emitted more mimical and less conceptual responses than older five-year-olds. Furthermore, IQ is an important factor, as high IQ subjects, except when their CAs were less than five years, emitted fewer total and mimical responses than low IQ subjects.
Copper Film Deposition Using H and O Atoms

The formation of thin copper films by H-atom reaction with Cu(FOD)2 and Cu(HFA)2 has been demonstrated at near room temperature. Oxygen atoms have now also been reacted with these β-diketonate copper complexes, producing films of copper oxide which can be readily reduced by subsequent treatment with H-atoms. The thin copper films produced are conductive and highly adherent. The oxygen atom reaction with the copper complex produces a visible chemiluminescent glow, yielding information on the nature of the reaction process.
Process management for federal agencies

This case study examines the variation in the key attributes of discrete event simulation when dynamic modeling is applied to a variety of business processes within the Federal Civil Government. The key simulation attributes that will be compared and contrasted include: the rate of arrival of work entities, the degree to which work is subdivided, the frequency with which work is batched, activity duration, the degree of correlation between successive work entity arrivals, and perspectives on simulation results. The business process application areas examined include personnel recruitment, help desk operation, call center operation, logistics, image capture, and image processing.
Comparative Responses of Elderly Persons to Aqueous and Depot Influenza Vaccines

(1966). Comparative Responses of Elderly Persons to Aqueous and Depot Influenza Vaccines. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 576-585.
Utilization of toluene and xylenes by a nitrate-reducing strain of Pseudomonas maltophilia under low oxygen and anoxic conditions

A nitrate-reducing strain of Pseudomonas maltophilia isolated from sewage sludge degrades toluene, and at least two isomers of mixed xylenes, either in the presence of 2% oxygen or under anoxic conditions when nitrate is present. When individual isomers of xylene are provided only meta and para-xylene are utilized. When mixed xylenes are provided all three isomers may be utilized. In cultures limited by electron acceptor availability, succinate, when present as the major carbon source, does not prevent hydrocarbon utilization. Toluene and xylenes continued to be utilized either with limiting nitrate alone, or with limiting nitrate and oxygen present simultaneously when a hundred-fold excess of succinate is present in the medium. The data suggest that in groundwater containing low levels of oxygen and nitrate, or nitrate only as the electron acceptor, aromatic hydrocarbons may continue to be utilized even in the presence of an excess of readily-degradable non-hydrocarbon organic substrates. These data have implications for bioremediation studies. The strain of Pseudomonas maltophilia used in this study does not degrade benzene, and the presence of benzene does not affect toluene utilization.
CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY OF CARBON DOT-POLY(LACTIC-CO-GLYCOLIC ACID) NANOCOMPOSITES FOR BIOMEDICAL IMAGING

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have achieved initial success as biomedical imaging agents. However, significant cytotoxicity in the biological environment prohibits their use in vivo. Here, we introduce nanocomposites composed of carbon dots (C-dots) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) carriers as possible imaging agents for in vivo applications. An initial hurdle to clinical use is overcome by synthesizing C-dots with commercially available carbon black precursors, permitting scalable nanomanufacturing. These fluorescent nanoparticles, which have a mean diameter of ~1 nm, display a disordered graphitic structure. To overcome a second clinical hurdle (i.e., rapid renal clearance of nanoparticles <~6 nm in diameter), C-dots were encapsulated in biodegradable PLGA nanospheres. The resulting nanocomposites showed a mean diameter of 344 ± 23 nm, which should reduce renal clearance. With further optimization, nanocarriers could be optimized to sizes <200 nm to reduce accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Toxicity of both C-dots and C-dot-PLGA nanocomposites was evaluated using HepG2 liver cell lines. Unlike QDs, which can induce toxicological responses at concentrations as low as 0.005 mg/mL, C-dots exhibited cytotoxicity at concentrations greater than 0.2 mg/mL, while their derived nanocomposites did not exhibit cytotoxicity at any concentration tested (i.e., 0.02 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL).
Differential Binding of Penicillin by Membrane Fractions from Penicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Gonococci

Abstract An inverse relationship between binding of [14C]penicillin to cells of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin was recently reported by us. Herein we report a similar relationship in binding by cytoplasmic membranes derived from 10 strains of gonococci. Membranes were extracted after Braun homogenization and differential centrifugation of the resulting extracts. Membranes derived from penicillin-susceptible cells bound 140 to 200 nmol of [14C]penicillin per g of enzyme, whereas relatively nonsusceptible strains bound 18 to 59 nmol. Binding by cell walls was only a small fraction of the total binding and probably represents contamination of the walls by membrane. Pretreatment of cell membranes with either unlabeled penicillin or cephalothin prior to [14C]penicillin exposure markedly decreased 14C binding. Slab gel electrophoresis of membranes revealed 13 protein bands, 8 of which were labeled.
A queuing system approach for the design of coast guard vessel traffic services communications

In order to provide for the safe and expeditious passage of maritime traffic in congested waters, the U.S. Coast Guard is authorized by the Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 to establish, operate, and maintain Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) where needed. In larger areas, a VTS will generally require a communications system to enable the vessel traffic center and the participating vessels to exchange information. In designing such a system, it is necessary to assess the expected communications loading in order to determine frequency requirements and evaluate alternative configurations for the system. Here, VTS communications are viewed as a queuing system. The customers (messages) arrive at the service facility (communications channel) according to some probabilistic process, and are then serviced (transmitted) according to some other probabilistic process. Queues or waiting lines form as arriving messages wait to be transmitted, because the communications channels are busy. Three classes of messages are considered in the arrival process: check in/check out (basic VTS) messages; Vessel Movement Reporting System (VMRS) messages; and bridge-to-bridge messages. Each class is characterized by an independent Poisson distribution, and the resultant arrival process is a well-defined nonhomogeneous Poisson process. The service time is characterized by a general distribution with a known mean and variance. The queuing results, which are developed, include the utilization factor, the expected waiting time, and the expected number of messages waiting to be transmitted. The arrival process and the queuing results vary according to the time of the day, reflecting the varying traffic load throughout the day. A detailed example is given for a preliminary analysis of New York Harbor VTS communications.
Effects of Homelessness and Child Maltreatment on the Likelihood of Engaging in Property and Violent Crime During Adulthood

The current study employs data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 10,818; 56% female; 21% African American) to test how experiencing homelessness through emerging adulthood and child maltreatment predict adult property crime and violent crime. Unlike many published studies on homelessness, we used propensity score matching to correct for selection bias between homeless and nonhomeless individuals. Logistic regression models were run to predict violent and property crime in adulthood, controlling for child maltreatment. Participants who experienced homelessness by age 26 were 1.6 times more likely to commit violent crime in adulthood and almost 30% more likely to commit property crime. Those who were victims of child maltreatment were 15 times more likely to commit property crime, but no more likely to commit violent crime. Findings show that comparing statistically equivalent groups, homelessness through emerging adulthood significantly predicted adult criminality while ch...
Genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (B) and microsatellite loci in three commercial broiler pure lines

Genetic diversity at the MHC and non-MHC loci was investigated in three commercial broiler chicken pure lines. The MHC class II and IV loci were evaluated in Southern hybridizations and molecular genotypes based on RFLP were interpreted from pedigreed families. Four MHC class II and eight class IV genotypes were identified in the broiler lines, and their frequencies differed among the lines. Line-specific MHC genotypes were identified. The observed heterozygosities (59 to 67%) suggest that the MHC loci are highly polymorphic in the broiler lines. At least 9% of the genetic variation at the MHC was due to line differences; the remainder reflected individual variations. To characterize non-MHC genes, 41 microsatellite loci located throughout the chicken genome were evaluated in the broiler lines. Genetic variation was also observed at the microsatellite loci for the broiler lines; the number of alleles at a single locus ranged from one to eight, and the average number of alleles per locus was 3.5, 2.8, and 3.1 for each of the lines, respectively. The observed heterozygosities for microsatellite loci ranged between 0 and 89% in the lines. Based on the fixation index (Fst), about 19% of the genetic variation at microsatellite loci was attributed to broiler line differences. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected at both MHC and non-MHC loci. Possible explanations for these deviations include genetic selection by the primary broiler breeder or the presence of null alleles that were not identified by the typing procedures described in this report. This study contributes to our knowledge on the molecular characteristics and genetic structure of a commercial broiler chicken population. Analysis of MHC and non-MHC loci suggests that there is still sufficient genetic diversity in the broiler lines to continue the progress toward improved broiler chicken production.
Numerical Prediction of Non-Reacting and Reacting Flow in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

The three-dimensional, viscous, turbulent, reacting and non-reacting flow characteristics of a model gas turbine combustor operating on air/methane are simulated via an unstructured and massively parallel Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code. This serves to demonstrate the capabilities of the code for design and analysis of real combustor engines. The effects of some design features of combustors are examined. In addition, the computed results are validated against experimental data.
Organization of pyramidal neurons in area 17 of monkey visual cortex.

In sections of area 17 of monkey visual cortex treated with an antibody to MAP2 the disposition of the cell bodies and dendrites of the neurons is readily visible. In such preparations it is evident that the apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells of layer VI form fascicles that pass into layer IV, where most of them gradually taper and form their terminal tufts. In contrast, the apical dendrites of the smaller layer V pyramidal cells come together in a more regular fashion. They form clusters that pass through layer IV and into layer II/III where the apical dendrites of many of the pyramidal cells in that layer add to the clusters. In horizontal sections taken through the middle of layer IV, these clusters of apical dendrites are found to have an average center-to-center spacing of about 30 μm, and it is proposed that each cluster of apical dendrites represents the axis of a module of pyramidal cells that has a diameter of about 30 μm and contains about 142 neurons. The MAP2 antibody reaction also reveals that some pyramidal cells in layers IVA and IVB have their cell bodies arranged into cones. There are about 118 such cones beneath 1 mm2 of cortical surface and the apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells within them bundle together at the apex of each cone to pass into layer III. Surrounding the cones of neurons there are horizontally aligned, thin dendrites. The location of these dendrites coincides with the dark walls of the honeycomb pattern seen in layer IVA after cytochrome oxidase reactions, or after the parvocellular input from the lateral geniculate nucleus has been labeled. Thus the cones of pyramidal cells within upper layer IV fit into the pockets of the honeycomb pattern. Below the cones of pyramidal cells are the outer Meynert cells within layer IVB, and the cell bodies of these large neurons are disposed so that they preferentially lie beneath the neuropil between the cones of pyramids. It is suggested that pyramidal cell modules are a basic feature of the cerebral cortex, and that these are combined together by afferent inputs to the cortex to generate the systems of functional columns.
Triangulated spherical splines for geopotential reconstruction

We present an alternate mathematical technique than contemporary spherical harmonics to approximate the geopotential based on triangulated spherical spline functions, which are smooth piecewise spherical harmonic polynomials over spherical triangulations. The new method is capable of multi-spatial resolution modeling and could thus enhance spatial resolutions for regional gravity field inversion using data from space gravimetry missions such as CHAMP, GRACE or GOCE. First, we propose to use the minimal energy spherical spline interpolation to find a good approximation of the geopotential at the orbital altitude of the satellite. Then we explain how to solve Laplace’s equation on the Earth’s exterior to compute a spherical spline to approximate the geopotential at the Earth’s surface. We propose a domain decomposition technique, which can compute an approximation of the minimal energy spherical spline interpolation on the orbital altitude and a multiple star technique to compute the spherical spline approximation by the collocation method. We prove that the spherical spline constructed by means of the domain decomposition technique converges to the minimal energy spline interpolation. We also prove that the modeled spline geopotential is continuous from the satellite altitude down to the Earth’s surface. We have implemented the two computational algorithms and applied them in a numerical experiment using simulated CHAMP geopotential observations computed at satellite altitude (450 km) assuming EGM96 (n max = 90) is the truth model. We then validate our approach by comparing the computed geopotential values using the resulting spherical spline model down to the Earth’s surface, with the truth EGM96 values over several study regions. Our numerical evidence demonstrates that the algorithms produce a viable alternative of regional gravity field solution potentially exploiting the full accuracy of data from space gravimetry missions. The major advantage of our method is that it allows us to compute the geopotential over the regions of interest as well as enhancing the spatial resolution commensurable with the characteristics of satellite coverage, which could not be done using a global spherical harmonic representation.
Guest Editorial: Overview of Trends for Future Light Source Development

The third generation synchrotron radiation facilities have been spectacularly successful. They are based on electron storage rings, in which beams of several GeV electrons are stored for many hours, maintaining a current of several hundred milli-Amperes. The prime generators of X-rays in these facilities are the periodic magnetic devices known as undulators. In the third generation light sources the parameters of the electron storage ring and the undulators are optimized for production of high spectral brightness of X-rays, about 1019 1020 in the standard units: photons per sec per (mm-mr)2 per 0.1% bandwidth. Today, a dozen or so of the third generation facilities are serving thousands of users around the world. Accelerator physicists in some of these facilities are evaluating methods to further increase the brightness by replacing the existing magnet lattices. Three new facilities are being commissioned, four under construction, and at least the same number in the conceptual design stage.
Reflectively Tapped Fiber Delay-Lines For Wideband Signal Processing

A new method for wideband signal processing using a reflectively tapped fiber delay-line is described. Dielectric mirrors as taps are incorporated into a continuous length of optical fiber by an electric fusion splicing technique. Demonstration of this processor as a frequency filter in the gigahertz regime is described. A variable tap technique based on fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers is suggested.
Acoustic Lability of Albumin Microspheres

The sonication of human serum albumin produces air-filled microspheres that are used in echocardiographic studies of myocardial perfusion. Recent studies suggest that the microspheres disappear when high pressures are applied, altering the relationship between the administered microsphere dose and the echocardiographic response. Because an ultrasound pulse generates a pressure wave in insonified medium, we hypothesized that with increasing acoustic pulse pressure, the microsphere concentration decreases, hence ultrasonic backscatter decreases. We measured relative integrated backscatter from albumin microspheres diluted in normal saline solution (6152 microspheres/ml) and 5% human plasma protein fraction (24,608 microspheres/ml), with increasing acoustic pulse pressures at the transducer's focus. Backscatter was also measured in normal saline solution with increasing concentrations (up to 15,380 microspheres/ml) of albumin microspheres at an acoustic pulse pressure of 0.11 MPa (1.1 atm). Backscatter and microsphere concentration were related logarithmically: y = 3.38 × 0.32 ; r = 0.93. Backscatter was unchanged over time at acoustic pulse (peak compression) pressures less than 0.15 MPa (1.5 atm). However, backscatter decreased readily at acoustic pulse pressures greater than 0.33 MPa (3.3 atm), which included any mixing effects. Thus, albumin microspheres are acoustically labile.
Common liability to addiction and “gateway hypothesis”: Theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective

Background Two competing concepts address the development of involvement with psychoactive substances: the “gateway hypothesis” (GH) and common liability to addiction (CLA).
Performance Predictions for a Numerical Relativity Package in Grid Environments

The Cactus software package is representative for a class of scientific applications that are tightly coupled, have regular space decompositions, and involve huge memory and processor time requirements. Cactus has proved to be a valuable tool for astrophysicists, who first initiated its development. However, today's fastest supercomputers are not powerful enough to perform realistic large-scale astrophysics simulations with Cactus. Instead, astrophysicists must turn to innovative resource environments--in particular, computational grids--to satisfy this need for computational power. This paper addresses issues related to the execution of applications such as Cactus in grid environments. The authors focus on two types of grids: a set of geographically distributed supercomputers and a collection of one million Internet-connected workstations. The authors study the application performance on traditional systems, validate the theoretical results against experimental data, and predict performance in the two new environments.
Orienting Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees

Day and Tripathi [K. Day, A. Tripathi, Unidirectional star graphs, Inform. Process. Lett. 45 (1993) 123-129] proposed an assignment of directions on the star graphs and derived attractive properties for the resulting directed graphs. Cheng and Lipman [E. Cheng, M.J. Lipman, On the Day-Tripathi orientation of the star graphs: Connectivity, Inform. Process. Lett. 73 (2000) 5-10; E. Cheng, M.J. Lipman, Connectivity properties of unidirectional star graphs, Congr. Numer. 150 (2001) 33-42] studied the connectivity properties of these unidirectional star graphs. The class of star graphs is a special case of Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees. In this paper, we give directions on these graphs and study the connectivity properties of the resulting unidirectional graphs.
Ovulation rate after GnRH or PGF2α administration in early postpartum dairy cows

The objectives of this study evaluating induction of ovulation in early postpartum dairy cows were to: compare two methods of GnRH (100 mcg) administration (i.m. route and s.c. implant), and determine if prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF) causes release of LH or ovulation similar to that reported for GnRH. In trial #1, serum LH peaked at 2h after i.m. administration of GnRH and was declining at 4h. The s.c. GnRH implant also caused an elevation in serum LH at 2 and 4h after treatment, with LH declining at 6h. Serum LH was unchanged in control cows. Experimental treatment caused ovulation in 4 of 14 GnRH i.m. treated cows, 4 of 12 GnRH implanted cows and 0 of 13 control cows. Parity had no effect on LH response but did affect resulting ovulation rate as multiparous cows were more likely to ovulate than were primiparous cows in response to either GnRH treatment. All cows that ovulated had a follicle larger than 12 mm at the time of treatment. In trial #2, serum LH increased as before after i.m. administration of GnRH, however, serum LH was unchanged in cows treated with PGF or saline. Gonadotropin releasing hormone caused more cows to ovulate than did PGF or saline treatments, and GnRH shortened the interval from treatment to the onset of CL function over the PGF treatment; 13.9+/-2.6, 28.2+/-4.1 and 22.3+/-4.1 days for GnRH, PGF and saline, respectively. In summary, there was no difference in the ability of s.c. implantation and i.m. administration of GnRH to cause ovulation. Prostaglandin F(2alpha) did not cause release of LH or ovulation. In 22 early postpartum dairy cows treated with 100 mcg GnRH i.m. in these two trials, nearly all cows (95%) responded with a release of LH but only 45% (10/22) responded with an ovulation and subsequent formation of a CL.
The Touched, The Tasted, and The Tempted: Lesbianizing the Triangles of Puritan Conversion Narratives in Emily Dickinson

So sweet and still, and Thee, oh Susie, what need I more, to make my heaven whole? Sweet Hour, blessed Hour, to carry me to you, and to bring you back to me, long enough to snatch one kiss, and whi...
Mind over matter? The role of individual perceptions in understanding the social ecology of housing environments for individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

There is a disagreement in place-based research regarding whether objective indicators or individual perceptions of environments are better predictors of well-being. This study assessed environmental influences on well-being for 373 individuals with psychiatric disabilities living independently in 66 neighborhoods in the southeastern United States. Three questions were examined utilizing random effects models: (1) How much variance in personal and neighborhood well-being can be explained by neighborhood membership? (2) What is the relationship between participant perceptions of neighborhood quality and researcher ratings of neighborhood quality? and (3) What is the relative influence of individual perceptions, perceptions aggregated by neighborhood, and researcher ratings of neighborhood quality in predicting personal and neighborhood well-being? Results indicate that individual perceptions of neighborhood quality were more closely related to well-being than either aggregated perceptions or researcher ratings. Thus, participants’ perceptions of their neighborhoods were more important indicators of their well-being than objective ratings made by researchers. Findings have implications for measurement approaches and intervention design in placed-based research.
Regulation of pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and other antioxidant enzymes during the progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought.

Summary The molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of the expression of Apxl, the gene encoding cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, as well as other antioxidant enzymes, was studied during the progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought. Increase in steady-state transcript levels of the cytosolic isozymes of ascorbate peroxidase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase paralleled the increase in stomatal resistance during drought stress, but was even more dramatically enhanced following recovery from drought. Cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase and chloroplastic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase protein and activity increased during drought stress and following recovery. In contrast, catalase activity increased during drought stress but returned to normal levels following recovery. During recovery from drought stress, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase expression was regulated post-transcriptionally at the level of protein synthesis. The transcription rate of the Apxl gene, as determined by nuclear run-on assay, increased during drought stress and at 10 h following rewatering.
Numerical Technique for the Triple-Deck Problem

An efficient alternating direction implicit numerical technique is developed for solving the triple-deck fundamental problem for supersonic and subsonic flow. Flow past a parabolic hump on a flat plate is considered as a test case. Accuracy and reliability of the method are positively tested vs linearized equation results for a small hump height. Full nonlinear flow patterns are feasible, including mild separation. Numerical difficulties are encountered around the reattachment point for large hump heights.
Silver(II) Picolinate

[14783-00-7] C12H8AgN2O4 (MW 352.07) InChI = 1S/2C6H5NO2.Ag/c2*8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5;/h2*1-4H,(H,8,9);/q;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = WWTBYVQANMUFPG-UHFFFAOYSA-L (strong oxidizing agent primarily used for oxidizing amines and as a counterion-free AgII source) Alternate Names: argentic picolinate; Ag(pic)2. Physical Data: brick red, slightly sticky solid. Solubility: partially soluble in DMSO, water, ethanol. Insoluble in most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: prepared from silver(I) nitrate and picolinic acid via oxidation with persulfate.1, 2 An alternative procedure using ozone as an oxidant has also been published.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable at room temperature when shielded from light and excessive moisture. Stirring in water at 20 °C for 3 days had minimal impact on reactivity, but at 90 °C decomposition occurred rapidly. No reported toxicity.
The performance of standard and hybrid em algorithms for ml estimates of the normal mixture model with censoring

Many studies have been made of the performance of standard algorithms used to estimate the parameters of a mixture density, where data arise from two or more underlying populations. While these studies examine uncensored data, many mixture processes are right-censored. Therefore, this paper addresses the accuracy and efficiency of standard and hybrid algorithms under different degrees of right-censored data. While a common belief is that the EM algorithm is slow and inaccurate, we find that the EM generally exhibits excellent efficiency and accuracy. While extreme right censoring causes the EM to frequently fail to converge, a hybrid-EM algorithm is found to be superior at all levels of right-censoring.s
A rapid technique for obtaining one-step or multi-step antibiotic resistant mutants employing mutator strains of Escherichia coli K12.

. A rapid technique is described for obtaining one- or multi-step antibiotic resistant mutants from mutator strains of Escherichia coli K12. The method may be used to test the ability of E. coli to mutate to resistance to increasing concentrations of antibiotics which have not been tested previously. The method has been used to obtain multi-step mutants which are resistant to high concentrations of polymyxin B.
The Chinese Century? The Challenges of Higher Education

One can find in any airport kiosk books that proclaim ours to be “the Chinese century.” We have titles such as “The Dragon Awakes,” “China's Rise,” “The Rise of China,” and “China's Ascent,” to name but a few. But to rise is not necessarily to lead. What constitutes leadership? In higher education, China is building the fastest growing system–in quality as well as in quantity–in the world. The foremost global powers of the past four centuries all offered models in the realms of culture, ideas, and education. This may be said of seventeenth-century France under Louis XIV; of the Qing during the Qianlong reign of the eighteenth century; of Britain and Germany in the nineteenth century; and of the United States in the twentieth. China now aspires to educate global elites. For the twenty-first century, then, are Chinese universities poised for global leadership?
TGF-β downregulates PTEN via activation of NF-κB in pancreatic cancer cells

TGF-β utilizes receptor-activated SMAD signaling to mediate growth suppression; however, non-SMAD signaling that modulates the TGF-β response in epithelial cells become apparent when the SMAD signa...
Sulfatase 1 is an inhibitor of ductal morphogenesis with sexually dimorphic expression in the urogenital sinus

The prostate gland develops from the urogenital sinus in response to circulating androgens. Androgens initiate and stimulate branching morphogenesis in the urogenital sinus via unknown mediators. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are important extracellular molecules that sequester many growth factors in the extracellular matrix and facilitate signaling by some growth factors as part of ternary complexes that include growth factors, receptors, and heparan sulfate chains. Several enzymes modify the chemical structure of heparan sulfate to further regulate its activity. An examination of these enzymes for sexually dimorphic expression in the urogenital sinus identified Sulfatase 1 (Sulf1) as an enzyme that was down-regulated in the male urogenital sinus coincident with the initiation of prostatic morphogenesis. Down-regulation of Sulf1 was accompanied by an increase in the most highly sulfated forms of heparan sulfate, and a similar increase was observed in female urogenital sinuses treated with testosterone. Inhibiting de novo sulfation of heparan sulfate blocked prostatic morphogenesis, supporting the importance of heparan sulfate modification for prostate development. To functionally test the specific role of Sulf1 during prostate development, Sulf1 was ectopically expressed in the urogenital sinus. It partially inhibited testosterone-stimulated ductal morphogenesis, and it reduced the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors as well as the ERK1 and ERK2 MAPKs. These data identify sulfatase 1 as an inhibitor of prostatic branching morphogenesis and growth factor signaling that is down-regulated as part of the normal response to androgen action in the male urogenital sinus.
CEO background and the adoption of Western-style human resource practices in China

This study develops and tests an institutional explanation of how chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics affect the adoption of Western-style human resource (HR) practices in China's transitional economy. It was predicted that: (1) CEO exposure to HR ideology would positively relate to firm adoption of Western-style HR practices, and (2) CEO embeddedness in the Chinese institutional environment would negatively relate to Western-style HR adoption. Data from 309 foreign-invested enterprises in China supported these predictions. Further analysis also revealed that the pattern of relationships between CEO characteristics and Western-style HR adoption differed with respect to the various functional areas within HR.
How Do Top Cable News Websites Portray Cognition as an Aging Issue

PURPOSE of the Study: We examined messages that the websites of the top cable news companies (MSNBC, FOX, and CNN) conveyed about cognition between January 2007 and March 2010. Drawing on agenda-setting theory, this work assessed the frequency, prominence, and attributes of cognitive topics in messages targeting an aging audience. Design and Methods: We used quantitative content analysis to examine the frequency and prominence of cognitive topics and cognitive goals, as well as how the cognitive discussions were framed. Chi-square analyses were conducted to compare cognitive health information discussed in news items that did and did not target an "aging audience." Qualitative analysis of the aging audience subgroup was used to further examine age-associated cognitive messages. RESULTS: Within the 229 cognitive items identified, we found significantly more coverage of cognitive functioning and unspecified dementia and significantly less coverage of cognitive disease not dementia, specified dementia, and accidents or injury for the aging audience. Our qualitative analysis of news items aimed at an aging audience documented a focus on maintaining functioning and avoiding decline through various individual lifestyle behaviors. However, contextual information about level of cognition to be maintained, particular cognitive functions targeted, specific norms about cognitive aging, and how cognitive function is determined was lacking. Implications: Our research points to a communication gap in the delivery of academic research findings to a lay audience through online journalism. We suggest more clarity by researchers in defining cognitive concepts and measurement of cognitive function for journalistic translation and public consumption. Language: en
Virtual stress testing machine and the cyber-infrastructure

The virtual stress testing machine (VSTM) project demonstrates the use of the cyber-infrastructure to integrate the algorithms of computational mechanics and supplement virtual environments with physics. The VSTM is not a tool, nor is it intended to be; rather it is a pedagogical presentation of new research paradigms that should be comprehensible to mechanical engineers. VSTM encompasses a real stress testing machine, a virtual stress-testing machine, and a server that initiates and regulates all component physics and visualization processes the server also controls the real Instron. A series of benchmark tests were conducted for analysis of reliability and to demonstrate how such tests can and should be conducted so as to foster communication between mechanical engineers and their colleagues across disciplines. These tests have demonstrated the concept of creating a physics-based virtual environment by revealing both the accuracy and real-time functionality of the simulation. The tests also exposed some system vulnerabilities in network communication and remote memory access processes. VSTM provides a description for mechanical engineers, of the necessary core network technologies needed to solve mechanics problems in new ways and join the community of computer scientists already at work in this arena.
A Discourse Analysis of School Counseling Supervisory E-Mail.

This article is a discourse analysis of weekly computer-mediated com -munications between 8 school counseling interns and their e-mail supervisor over a 16-week semester. Course-required e-mail supervi-sion was provided as an adjunct to traditional face-to-face individual and group supervision. School counselor supervisees and supervisor enacted 3 discursive strategies (repetition, labeling, and plural pronoun usage), which were observed to contribute to supervisee professional identity development. Findings are discussed in light of both the counselor education and discourse analysis literatures. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Temperature Dependence of the Total Absorptance of Bands of CO and CH 4

The dependence of the total absorptance of the bands of carbon monoxide near 4.7 μ and 2.3 μ, and of methane near 3.3 μ,on the temperature, pressure, and amount of absorbing gas, has been measured. Pure absorbing samples were studied for pressures between 100 mm Hg and 1000 mm Hg, and at temperatures up to 400°C, for a fixed pathlength of 30.6 cm. The nature of and possible reasons for the observed temperature dependence of the total absorptance are discussed.
Design of biomechanically compliant small diameter vascular grafts and their in vitro and in vivo properties

The performances of textile composite vascular grafts, specially designed and constructed in this work were investigated. In developing compliant structures, textile threads of two widely different deformative characteristics, one matching nearly those of the elastin and other of the collagen fibres, were selected. The materials used were a polyurethane monofilament yarn with low modulus of elasticity and a bulked polyester multifilament yarn with high modulus of elasticity. Tubular grafts of diameter in the range 4-6 mm were made by a weaving process utilizing a foil ribbon loom. Two types of woven grafts were developed. In the first type (HVGI1), polyester threads of 9 tex linear density were used as warp, and the same polyester and pre-stretched polyurethane (7.8 tex linear density) were used as the weft. In the second variant (HVG-2), pre-stretched polyurethane thread combined with polyester were used as both the warp and the weft threads. The grafts obtained were stretchable and thus compliant in both the transverse and the longitudinal directions. The hydraulic permeability was assessed at fixed pressure of 120 mmHg. The surface and pore characteristics of grafts were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Eight HVG-I hybrid grafts were also implanted in the carotid and femoral regions of mongrel dogs for periods of up to one year. The form of the pulse wave found in the graft, the healing characteristics of the surface and the changes in the mechanical properties as a result of implantation were examined.