cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Hyperbolic Dynamics and Ergodic Theory

These notes constitute an introductory text on dynamical systems centered on hyperbolic dynamics and ergodic theory whose numerous parts can be read independently. The first half presents the dynamics of hyperbolic sets: history, topological dynamics, ergodic theory, and invariant foliations. The second half introduces ergodic theory: ergodic theorems ergodic decomposition, recurrence, equidistribution, examples, mixing notions, correlation decay, and spectral isomorphism.
H. G. Wells and B. F. Skinner on the superorganism

In Skinner’s Walden Two, the central character Frazier refers to the superorganism and how to build it, but without elaboration. An examination of some parallels between the work of H. G. Wells and B. F. Skinner, however, casts light on that reference and other aspects of Skinner’s views, such as multiple selves. Both Wells and Skinner wrote in similar ways about what the composition of such a superorganism would be and the conditions for its development. In particular, attention is directed to the ways in which their forecasts of the conditions for producing the superorganism changed over time, from determinism-based conditions to more evolutionary or selection-based conditions.
Embedded Carbon Nanotube Sensor Thread for Structural Health Monitoring and Strain Sensing of Composite Materials

Abstract This chapter investigates the use of carbon nanotube (CNT) sensor thread in distributed structural health monitoring (SHM) systems, specifically as embedded damage and strain sensors. The CNT sensor thread has shown potential to be integrated into/onto composite materials to provide confident damage detection, localization, and characterization in complex geometries without complicated detection algorithms and minimal sensing channels. This chapter articulates current work done with CNT thread in Nanoworld Laboratories, specifically CNT thread performance as a sensor; past, current, and future embedded sensing work; and potential SHM design architectures for aircraft, along with a description of a few potential multifunctional aspects of the material. Multifunctional here implies improving the composite material besides self-sensing of damage and strain. Some of these multifunctional characteristics include self-sensing of moisture, oxidation, and temperature; improved mechanical properties of damping, toughness, stiffness, and strength; and improved thermal and electrical transport, among many other potential areas. Besides these multifunctional characteristics, CNT thread is low in weight and small in size and the material is modest in cost. As a consequence of these strong sensor and material characteristics, the authors believe that this could be a game-changing material for high-cost composite commercial and defense vehicles. Future military and commercial composite vehicles will have “nano inside” to provide safety, reliability, durability, condition-based maintenance, and multifunctionality.
Clinical Case of Type I Trigeminal Neuritis

J. W. is a 29-year-old white male with sudden onset of pain in his right jaw over a year ago. The pain is severe, electric-like, and intermittent. It can be triggered by eating or talking. When the pain is intense, he cannot stay still and cries in agony. The pain has been so severe that he lost his job and had to quit college. He had tried on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, and pain medications, which helped slightly but did not control his pain. A brain MRI at an outside facility was said to be normal. He was referred by his neurologist to Dr. Suen for other suggestions.
Using a Xicana Feminist Framework in Bilingual Teacher Preparation: Toward an Anticolonial Path

This article intentionally proposes the use of anticolonial Xicana feminisms as a theoretical foundation for Spanish–English bilingual teacher preparation programs that serve a majority of Latinx aspiring teachers. An anticolonial Xicana feminist framework is imperative in order to prepare bilingual teachers to confront and counter the growing neoliberal ideologies that are co-opting the goals of bilingual/dual language education today and that run the risk of further marginalizing Latinx language minoritized students, particularly in rapidly gentrifying urban communities and regions experiencing a recent Latinx population boom. The article analyzes the theoretical and pedagogical processes that would help prospective teachers challenge the legacies of colonization, imperialism, and Eurocentric heteropatriarchy in order to forge an anticolonial path in bilingual education in four interrelated areas: vision, identities, languages, and pedagogies.
Immigrant Sanctuary as the 'Old Normal': A Brief History of Police Federalism

Three successive presidential administrations have opposed the practice of immigrant sanctuary, at various intervals characterizing state and local government restrictions on police participation in federal immigration enforcement as reckless, aberrant, and unpatriotic. This Article finds these claims to be ahistorical in light of the long and singular history of a field the Article identifies as “police federalism.” For nearly all of U.S. history, Americans within and outside of the political and juridical fields flatly rejected federal policies that would make state and local police subordinate to the federal executive. Drawing from Bourdieusian social theory, the Article conceptualizes the sentiment driving this longstanding opposition as the orthodoxy of police autonomy. It explains how the orthodoxy guided the field of police federalism for more than two centuries, surviving the War on Alcohol, the War on Crime, and even the opening stages of the War on Terror. In constructing a cultural and legal history of police federalism, the Article provides analytical leverage by which to assess the merits of immigrant sanctuary policy as well as the growing body of prescriptive legal scholarship tending to normalize the federal government’s contemporary use of state and local police as federal proxies. More abstractly, police federalism serves as an original theoretical framework clarifying the structure of police governance within the federalist system.
2135: A novel treatment delivery of acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain in an integrated primary care setting

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study seeks to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) treatment for chronic pain patients in a primary care clinic METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Primary care patients aged 18 years and older with at least 1 pain condition for 12 weeks or more in duration will be recruited. Patients will be randomized into (a) ACT intervention or (b) control group. Participants in the ACT arm will attend 1 individual visit with an integrated behavioral health provider, followed by 3 weekly ACT classes and a booster class 2 months later. Control group will receive enhanced primary care that includes patient education handouts informed by cognitive behavioral science. Data analysis will include 1-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multiple regression with bootstrapping. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The overall hypothesis is that brief ACT treatment reduces physical disability, improves functioning, and reduces medication misuse in chronic pain patients when delivered by an integrated behavioral health provider in primary care. In addition, it is anticipated that improvements in patient functioning will be mediated by patient change in pain acceptance and patient engagement in value-consistent behaviors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This pilot study will establish preliminary data about the effectiveness of addressing chronic pain in a generalizable integrated primary care setting. Data will help support a larger trial in the future. Findings have potential to transform the way chronic pain is currently managed in primary care settings, with results that could decrease disability and improve functioning among patients suffering from chronic pain.
Experimental Validation of String Stability for Connected Vehicles Subject to Information Delay

In this paper, we investigate the performance of communication-based controller design in connected vehicle networks. A testbed consisting of a group of ground robots that can mimic the dynamics of personal vehicles is built. We show that when incorporating time delays in the modeling equations, which arise due to digital implementation and intermittent vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, the experimental results have a very good correspondence with the theoretical ones. Moreover, we demonstrate that by designing a controller for each individual vehicle in the chain plant stability and string stability can be guaranteed despite the time delays in the control loop. Then, a series of experiments is conducted for a mixture of string stable and string unstable vehicles and the effects of penetration rate of string stable vehicles in maintaining smooth traffic are evaluated. The results lay a foundation for connected vehicle system design with flexible connectivity topologies.
Molecular Dissection of T-Cell Antigen Receptor Signal Transduction

Antigen recognition by mature and immature T-cells induces a cascade of events which ultimately leads to a variety of cellular responses (Weiss 1991). One of the major features of this signal transduction pathway is the tyrosine phosphorylation of several cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Both kinetic studies and analyses using tyrosine kinase inhibitors showed that one of the earliest events in T-cell activation involves tyrosine kinases (June et al. 1990 a, b). PLC-γ1 is one of the substrates of this tyrosine kinase activity induced by T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation (Weiss et al 1991b) This phosphorylation activates the enzyme and induces the catalysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which activate PKC and mobilize intracellular calcium, respectively (Rhee et al 1989; Nishibe S et al 1990).
Timing of suicide in people with epilepsy: A population-based study from 18 states of the United States, 2003-2014.

Abstract Suicide timing varies across several psychiatric disorders, which may share common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms with epilepsy. We investigated suicide timing in people with epilepsy. Using cross-sectional, population-based U.S. National Violent Death Reporting System data from 2003 through 2014 in 18 States, we identified 1310 suicides with epilepsy and 102,582 suicides without epilepsy among those 10 years and older. We compared patterns of suicide mortality ratios between those with and without epilepsy by month of year, week of month, day of week, time of day, and overall by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. As the suicide patterns seen among persons without epilepsy, suicides in persons with epilepsy occurred significantly more often during the morning, afternoon, and evening hours than at night in all subgroups except females. Compared to Sundays, suicides in persons with epilepsy were only significantly increased on Mondays and Tuesdays in those aged ≥ 45 years and only on Mondays in men. This pattern differs from persons without epilepsy whose suicides significantly increased on Mondays and significantly decreased on Saturdays in nearly all study subgroups. Suicides in persons with epilepsy did not exhibit the timing patterns of persons without epilepsy by week of month (significant decreases from the third to fifth weeks compared to the first week among those aged ≥ 45 years, males, and Non-Hispanic whites) and month of year (significant increases from January to November peaking from June to September compared to December in all study groups). Compared to the general population or people without epilepsy, previous and current studies suggest that in people with epilepsy, suicide timing differs from and suicide rates significantly exceed those in people without epilepsy. Preventing suicide in people with epilepsy should focus not only on the peak times of occurrence but also across all time periods.
Perceptions of sustainability curriculum in US fashion academia

ABSTRACTRelatively few US fashion programmes incorporate sustainable practice into their curriculum even though climate change, and the scope of damage caused by the fashion industry, is well docum...
Asynchronous LOS Discovery Algorithm for Aerial Nodes Using In-band Full-Duplex Transceivers

Emerging communication techniques in terahertz bands, including free-space optical (FSO), have the potential to aid in solving the spectrum scarcity problem by complementing the traditional radio frequency (RF) wireless networks. Line-of-Sight (LOS) link discovery is one of the major limiting factors for these highly directional bands, and this problem of establishing LOS between neighbor nodes becomes more challenging when they have no a-priory knowledge of the location of each other. In this work, we present an asynchronous LOS discovery algorithm using spiral scanning without any synchronization via an RF channel. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm through test-bed experiments using a prototype of UAVs equipped with in-band full-duplex (IBFD) FSO transceivers.
Perinatal Management of Bart's Hemoglobinopathy: Paradoxical Effects of Intrauterine, Transplacental, and Partial Exchange Transfusions.

We describe a fetus at 24 3/7 weeks' gestation that showed ultrasound evidence of anemia, hydrops, and severe growth restriction. Both parents were known to be cis heterozygous carriers for SEA α-thalassemia deletion (αα/–). Cordocentesis confirmed fetal anemia and homozygous α-thalassemia (−/−) in the fetus. Fetal intrauterine transfusions corrected the anemia, treated the hydrops, and improved fetal growth. The postnatal course was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, which resolved only after partial volume exchange transfusion. This case report is presented to point out the potential unintended outcomes with transplacental transfusion via delayed cord clamping and cord milking at delivery in the setting of congenital Bart's hemoglobinopathy, and demonstrates that partial exchange transfusion of the newborn may optimize oxygen delivery due to the more favorable oxygen affinity of transfused adult hemoglobin compared with the Bart's hemoglobin.
Small Bowel Transplantation: The New Frontier in Organ Transplantation

Intestinal transplantation has emerged as a lifesaving therapeutic option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure. Although intestinal transplants remain the least frequent of all transplants, one year graft survival rates have significantly improved and now approach those of other extrarenal transplants. Management of patients with intestinal failure is complex and a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to manage these patients in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative settings. We herein summarize the current indications, types of allografts, outcomes and complications of intestinal/multivisceral transplantation.
Data Warehouse: A Primer

Data warehousing is a technique for collecting and managing data from multiple internal and external sources to provide meaningful business insights. Data warehouses are designed to give a long-range view of data over time and provide a decision support system environment. They are a vital component of business intelligence, which is designed for data analysis and reporting. They are used to provide greater insight into the performance of a business. This paper provides a brief introduction on data warehousing.
Islamophobia, Terrorism and the Uyghurs: When Minorities in China Find Themselves on the Wrong Side of the Counterterrorism Discourse

Roberts and Tobin bridge the field of International Relations and the Uyghur question in China. At first, their focus on a lesser-known Indigenous group in China might seem to be a niche subject. H...
Behavioral Psychology and Cell Phone Use: A Matter of Opportunity

This special section is about behavioral psychology and cell phone use. It includes six original articles that use behavioral economics and behavior analysis to explore text messaging, access to smartphones and problem gaming.
The Ambiguous Duty of Corporate Directors

This paper addresses the question of whether boards of directors of public corporations have a primary duty to the corporation itself or to the shareholders of the corporation. It suggests that proponents of each side of this long-standing debate appear to be more divided not over the “duty to whom” question, but rather over questions of whether directors in fact make value enhancing decisions, how the outcomes of their decisions are measured, and how increases in value are distributed among various competing corporate constituencies. The paper concludes that resolution of conflicting views on this topic lies in a well-established legal principle, the business judgment rule.
The Probabilistic Turn in Semantics and Pragmatics

This article provides an overview of graded and probabilistic approaches in semantics and pragmatics. These approaches share a common set of core research goals: (a) a concern with phenomena that a...
Emotion analysis and detection during COVID-19.

Crises such as natural disasters, global pandemics, and social unrest continuously threaten our world and emotionally affect millions of people worldwide in distinct ways. Understanding emotions that people express during large-scale crises helps inform policy makers and first responders about the emotional states of the population as well as provide emotional support to those who need such support. We present CovidEmo, ~3K English tweets labeled with emotions and temporally distributed across 18 months. Our analyses reveal the emotional toll caused by COVID-19, and changes of the social narrative and associated emotions over time. Motivated by the time-sensitive nature of crises and the cost of large-scale annotation efforts, we examine how well large pre-trained language models generalize across domains and timeline in the task of perceived emotion prediction in the context of COVID-19. Our analyses suggest that cross-domain information transfers occur, yet there are still significant gaps. We propose semi-supervised learning as a way to bridge this gap, obtaining significantly better performance using unlabeled data from the target domain.
JEAB Research Over Time: Species Used, Experimental Designs, Statistical Analyses, and Sex of Subjects.

We examined the species used as subjects in every article published in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) from 1958 through 2013. We also determined the sex of subjects in every article with human subjects (N = 524) and in an equal number of randomly selected articles with nonhuman subjects, as well as the general type of experimental designs used. Finally, the percentage of articles reporting an inferential statistic was determined at 5-year intervals. In all, 35,317 subjects were studied in 3,084 articles; pigeons ranked first and humans second in number used. Within-subject experimental designs were more popular than between-subjects designs regardless of whether human or nonhuman subjects were studied but were used in a higher percentage of articles with nonhumans (75.4 %) than in articles with humans (68.2 %). The percentage of articles reporting an inferential statistic has increased over time, and more than half of the articles published in 2005 and 2010 reported one. Researchers who publish in JEAB frequently depart from Skinner’s preferred research strategy, but it is not clear whether such departures are harmful. Finally, the sex of subjects was not reported in a sizable percentage of articles with both human and nonhuman subjects. This is an unfortunate oversight.
Prior fighting experience increases aggression in Syrian hamsters: implications for a role of dopamine in the winner effect.

Winning an aggressive encounter enhances the probability of winning future contests. This phenomenon, known as the winner effect, has been well studied across vertebrate species. While numerous animal models have been developed to study the winner effect in the laboratory setting, large variation in experimental design, choice of species, and housing conditions have resulted in conflicting reports on the behavioral outcomes. The Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) presents as a novel species with face validity to study the effects of repeated fighting on subsequent agonistic encounters. After a 14-day training period, "trained fighter" hamsters displayed elevated fighting behaviors characterized by more intense and severe displays of aggression along with increased displays of dominant postures compared to naive residents with no prior social experience. To determine whether these phenotypic changes in fighting behavior reflect alterations in neurochemistry, brains of aggressive and naive hamsters were examined for changes in dopaminergic innervation in key regions known to control social and motivational behavior. Interestingly, changes in tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine production, were observed in brain regions within the social decision-making network. These increases in aggression observed after repeated winning may reflect a learned behavior resulting from increases in neurotransmitter activity which serve to reinforce the behavior. The data implicate the presence of a winner effect in hamsters and provide evidence for a neural mechanism underlying the changes in aggressive behavior after repeated agonistic encounters. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX-XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Autonomic Peer-to-Peer Systems: Incentive and Security Issues

With voluntary users participating in an autonomic manner, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have been proliferating in an unprecedented pace. Indeed, it is widely known that P2P traffic now constitutes over 60% of total Internet traffic. P2P systems are now used for file sharing, media streaming, and various other social networking applications. Furthermore, P2P systems are also extending their reach to the wireless realm. However, there are still two major system aspects that pose challenges to P2P systems’ designers and users: incentives and security. First and foremost, a P2P system, by its nature, is viable only if users contribute their resources to the community. Obviously, uniform and global altruistic behaviors cannot be expected for all users.
The EDAM project: Mining atmospheric aerosol datasets: Research Articles

There is a great need to better understand the sources, dynamics, and compositions of atmospheric aerosols. The traditional approach for particle measurement, collecting bulk samples of particulates on filters, is not adequate for studying particle dynamics and real-time correlations. This has led to the development of a new generation of real-time instruments that provide continuous or semicontinuous streams of data about certain aerosol properties. However, these instruments have added a significant level of complexity to atmospheric aerosol data and dramatically increased the amounts of data to be collected, managed, and analyzed. Our ability to integrate the data from all of these new and complex instruments now lags far behind our data-collection capabilities, and severely limits our ability to understand the data and act upon it in a timely manner. In this article, we present an overview of EDAM (Exploratory Data Analysis and Management), a joint project between researchers in Atmospheric Chemistry and Computer Science. Important objectives include environmental monitoring and data quality assurance, and real-time data mining offers great potential. While atmospheric aerosol analysis is an important and challenging domain, our objective is to develop techniques that have broader applicability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 759–787, 2005.
Reviving exhausted T lymphocytes during chronic virus infection by B7-H1 blockade

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are killer cells that are crucial in the control of viral pathogens and cancers. They can become exhausted during chronic viral infection, a phenomenon that consists of a reduction in both number and functionality of CTLs. Recently, Barber and colleagues demonstrated that B7-H1 (also called PD-L1), a cell-surface molecule that is widely distributed in tissues, was necessary for the maintenance of T-cell exhaustion in a chronic-infection mouse model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). PD-1, the receptor of B7-H1, was greatly upregulated on CTLs in response to LCMV, and its expression was maintained during chronic infection. Blockade of the B7-H1-PD-1 pathway by a monoclonal antibody restored CTL function and reduced viral burden. These results suggest a new strategy for the treatment of chronic viral infection.
Problems in photogrammetry

This paper deals very briefly with the topic, “Problems in photogrammetry,” not with any specific problem or solution, but rather with the generalized subject of photogrammetry problems. It is intended to show how research projects arise in the course of routine teaching of photogrammetry.
Abnormal post-translational and extracellular processing of brevican in plaque-bearing mice over-expressing APPsw.

Aggregation of amyloid-β in the forebrain of Alzheimer's disease subjects may disturb the molecular organization of the extracellular microenvironment that modulates neural and synaptic plasticity. Proteoglycans are major components of this extracellular environment. To test the hypothesis that amyloid-β, or another amyloid precursor protein dependent mechanism modifies the accumulation and/or turnover of extracellular proteoglycans, we examined whether the expression and processing of brevican, an abundant extracellular, chondroitin sulfate-bearing proteoglycan, were altered in brains of amyloid-β-depositing transgenic mice (APPsw) as a model of Alzheimer's disease. The molecular size of chondroitin sulfate chains attached to brevican was smaller in hippocampal tissue from APPsw mice bearing amyloid-β deposits compared to non-transgenic mice, likely due to changes in the chondroitin sulfate chains. Also, the abundance of the major proteolytic fragment of brevican was markedly diminished in extracts from several telencephalic regions of APPsw mice compared to non-transgenic mice, yet these immunoreactive fragments appeared to accumulate adjacent to the plaque edge. These results suggest that amyloid-β or amyloid precursor protein exert inhibitory effects on proteolytic cleavage mechanisms responsible for synthesis and turnover of proteoglycans. Since proteoglycans stabilize synaptic structure and inhibit molecular plasticity, defective brevican processing observed in amyloid-β-bearing mice and potentially end-stage human Alzheimer's disease, may contribute to deficient neural plasticity.
Total variation regularization for training of indoor location fingerprints

Location fingerprinting is a common approach to indoor localization. For good accuracy, the training set of sample fingerprints, each mapping a fingerprint to a location, should be sufficiently large to be well-representative of the environment in terms of both spatial coverage and temporal coverage. Unfortunately, the task of collecting these samples can be tedious and labor-intensive because one must label each location that is being surveyed. On the other hand, fingerprints without location information are abundant and can easily be collected and so recent studies have tried to capitalize on these unlabeled fingerprints to improve the training set. The paper investigates how this goal can be achieved via graph regularization based on Total Variation (TV). TV is highly effective for semi-supervised learning in image processing but it is not clear whether its success can be transferred to indoor location fingerprinting.
Paltolides A−C, Anabaenopeptin-Type Peptides from the Palau Sponge Theonella swinhoei†

Three new anabaenopeptin-like peptides, named paltolides A−C, were isolated from a deep-water specimen of the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei from Palau. Paltolides belong to a rare subgroup of sponge-derived anabaenopeptins that have in common a C-terminal tryptophan residue linked to the e-amine of a lysine bearing a d configuration. The structures of paltolides A−C were determined by NMR and tandem MS techniques. Paltolide A is the first anabaenopeptin structure where a non-N-methylated amino acid precedes the C-terminal residue.
Differential requirement for wild-type Flt3 in leukemia initiation among mouse models of human leukemia

FLT3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute leukemias. However, the role in leukemogenesis of wild-type (wt) FLT3, which is highly expressed in many hematologic malignancies, is unclear. We show here that in mouse models established by retroviral transduction of leukemic fusion proteins, deletion of Flt3 strongly inhibits MLL-ENL and to lesser extent p210 BCR-ABL -induced leukemogenesis, but has no effect in MLL-AF9 or AML1-ETO9a models. Flt3 acts at the level of leukemic stem cells (LSCs), as a fraction of LSCs in MLL-ENL, but not in MLL-AF9-induced leukemia, expressed Flt3 in vivo, and Flt3 expression on LSCs was associated with leukemia development in this model. Furthermore, efficiency of MLL-ENL, but not of MLL-AF9–induced leukemia induction was significantly enhanced after transduction of Flt3 + compared to Flt3 − wt myeloid progenitors. However, Flt3 is not required for immortalization of bone marrow cells in vitro by MLL-ENL and does not affect colony formation by MLL-ENL LSCs in vitro, suggesting that in vitro models do not reflect the in vivo biology of MLL-ENL leukemia with respect to Flt3 requirement. We conclude that wt Flt3 plays a role in leukemia initiation in vivo, which is, however, not universal.
Comparison of laser ablation, electrothermal vaporization and solution nebulization for the determination of radionuclides in liquid samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The performance of solution nebulization (SN), electrothermal vaporization (ETV) and laser ablation (LA) of dried micro-droplets as sample introduction systems for ICP-MS are compared for the determination of several radionuclides in digested biological tissue, nearshore sea-water and river water. Samples were subjected to a Ca3(PO4)2 co-precipitation preconcentration prior to analysis. Each introduction system possesses unique advantages and disadvantages. ETV accommodates samples having higher dissolved solids content; consequently, for SN and LA, sample concentrates require additional dilution by 50- and 10-fold, respectively. ETV and LA achieved similar sensitivities and limits of detection, the latter ranging from 0.017 to 0.029 pg ml−1. Although SN provides the best precision (2% RSD versus 7 and 8% for ETV and LA, respectively), formation of uranium hydride can be reduced at least 100-fold using LA of dried micro-droplets of samples. The accuracy of the method was validated by determination of U and Th in NIST SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue, NRC CRM CASS-4 Nearshore Seawater and SLRS-4 Riverine Water and via spike recoveries for Pu.
Test-Driven Development in Large Projects

Test-driven development (TDD) is a key practice for agile developers because it involves writing test cases ahead of the code, which can improve design. The TDD process works well for projects in which a collocated team develops a small to medium system, but it can be challenging for large systems, especially those involving geographically distributed teams. The main obstacle is the degree of integration: when the team must integrate many individual classes developed at distributed sites, the coordination and communication grows exponentially with the number of individual developers and sites. This does not mean that TDD is ineffective for large-scale geographically distributed projects, but developers must take care to account for its focus on unit testing and its failure to rigorously address communications issues during system and integration testing. In this article, suggestions to scale up TDD are presented with two large-scale global software development projects at a major corporation and a recent meeting to exchange global software development best practices with a Fortune 500 company
Estimates of fruit and vegetable intake in childhood and adult dietary behaviors of African American women.

Abstract Objective This exploratory study examined how estimates of one's fruit and vegetable intake in childhood are related to 3 current dietary behaviors among African American women: intake of fruits and vegetables, exposure to and preference for fruits and vegetables, and preference for trying new foods. Design Baseline data from a randomized dietary intervention trial. Setting Ten urban public health centers in St. Louis, Missouri. Participants 1227 African American women. Variables Measured A 33-item fruit and vegetable food frequency questionnaire, items measuring estimates of childhood fruit and vegetable intake, adult fruit and vegetable intake, exposure to and preference for fruit and vegetable, and preference for trying new foods. Analysis Linear regression evaluated the association between predictors and continuous measures; logistic regression determined the association between predictors and categorical measures. Results Estimates of one's vegetable intake as a child were significantly related to exposure and preference for both fruits and vegetables, trying of new foods, and intake of both fruits and vegetables in adulthood. Estimates of eating fruit as a child were not significantly associated with these adult dietary behaviors. Conclusions and Implications Developmental influences on adult dietary patterns may be stronger for vegetables than fruits among African American women. Additional emphasis is needed regarding exposure to and preference for vegetable intake in childhood.
Yes-Associated Protein 65 Localizes P62c-Yes to the Apical Compartment of Airway Epithelia by Association with Ebp50

We recently showed that the COOH terminus of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator associates with the submembranous scaffolding protein EBP50 (ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50 kD; also called Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor). Since EBP50 associates with ezrin, this interaction links the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. EBP50 has two PDZ domains, and CFTR binds with high affinity to the first PDZ domain. Here, we report that Yes-associated protein 65 (YAP65) binds with high affinity to the second EBP50 PDZ domain. YAP65 is concentrated at the apical membrane in airway epithelia and interacts with EBP50 in cells. The COOH terminus of YAP65 is necessary and sufficient to mediate association with EBP50. The EBP50–YAP65 interaction is involved in the compartmentalization of YAP65 at the apical membrane since mutant YAP65 proteins lacking the EBP50 interaction motif are mislocalized when expressed in airway epithelial cells. In addition, we show that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes is contained within EBP50 protein complexes by association with YAP65. Subapical EBP50 protein complexes, containing the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes, may regulate apical signal transduction pathways leading to changes in ion transport, cytoskeletal organization, or gene expression in epithelial cells.
Comparison of control charts for autocorrelated process control

Conventional control charts were developed for industrial processes in which successive observations were assumed to be independent and identically distributed; an assumption often violated in practice. Approaches to monitoring autocorrelated data range from using conventional control charts, with adjusted control limits, to using Hotelling T² statistics on a moving window of observations from the univariate autocorrelated process of interest. Although there are many different approaches to monitoring autocorrelated processes, there are no guidelines on choosing the procedure with the best average run length performance for a particular level of autocorrelation and shift magnitude of interest. This paper presents a guideline for choosing proper control charts for various conditions based on average run length performance. A Monte Carlo simulation study is designed to provide a comparative evaluation of the average run length performance of autocorrelated process control charts.
Envy and Anger at the World’s Creation and Destruction in the Treatise without Title ‘On the Origin of the World’ (NHC II,5)

The passion of envy in the Nag Hammadi Treatise without Title has been noted by scholars for four decades. The present essay approaches the use of the competitive emotions in the Treatise without Title with a sensitivity to ancient conceptions of the passions, and thus clarifies the role of envy. The Treatise without Title links the passion of envy with anger, an emotional concatenation that is found elsewhere in Jewish and Christian emotional thought, and this emotional concatenation drives the action in three core episodes: the origin of the world from the shadow, the engendering of Death by Yaltabaoth, and the final destruction of the gods of chaos and the prime parent. By reading the emotions in the Treatise thusly, the structuring role of envy is clarified, and long debated elements (i.e. the descent of “bile” into the world, and the mutual destruction of the archons) are explained.
Human airway tree structure query atlas

A queryable electronic atlas was developed to quantitatively characterize the normal human lung airway tree and to provide a better understanding of the lung for diagnosing diseases and evaluating treatments. The atlas consists of airway measurements taken from CT images using the Pulmonary Workstation II (PW2) software package. These measurements include airway cross-sectional area at midpoint between branch points; maximum and minimum diameter of a particular airway cross section at segment midpoint; average, maximum, and minimum wall thickness per branch; and wall thickness uniformity within a branch. The atlas provides user friendly interfaces for interrogating population statistics, comparing populations, comparing individuals to populations, and comparing individuals to other individuals. Populations can be selected based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, and normalcy/disease.
Common Interest Communities in Virginia: Legal Dilemmas and Legislative Responses to Self-Governance

This article provides principal research in identifying and describing the nature and scope of current legal concerns within common interest communities (CICs) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Very little federal guidance is available and Virginia statutes provide minimal direction in assessing the role of the many stakeholders in these “quasi-public” governing entities. Of paramount concern is determining the degree to which legal mechanisms should mandate liability at the risk of dissuading voluntary participation in associations and also determining with whom the rights and responsibilities of CIC activity should reside—-with the individual property owners, the majority of homeowners in the community as represented by a board, some governmental entity, or some combination of interested parties. This study, therefore, introduces the concerns of the Virginia courts and legislature, CIC attorneys, political scientists and management professionals as they grapple with finding a balance between preserving individual rights of property owners to self-manage and at the same time, ensuring collective responsibility and attention to the governing activities that demand public scrutiny. It concludes with their suggested remedies for securing an adequate balance resulting in a successful future for CICs in Virginia and across the country.
NIH Public Access Policy

The National Institute of Health9s proposed public access policy will create a stable and permanent archive of peer-reviewed, NIH-funded research publications. This archive, described in the Policy Forum by Elias Zerhouni, will enhance NIH9s ability to manage its research portfolio and to provide the public with access to published findings. It will also augment the ability of scientists to exchange information more effectively, while preserving the critical role of journals and publishers in peer review, editing, and scientific quality control.
Surgical Therapy of Chronic Glaucoma in Aphakia and Pseudophakia

Most glaucoma surgical procedures are less successful in aphakic or pseudophakic eyes. The authors reviewed 91 consecutive initial glaucoma procedures in aphakic patients from 1979 to 1986 to determine successful outcomes and complications. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least 30% below the preoperative value and less than 21 mmHg, less than 2 lines of Snellen acuity loss, and no further surgical intervention. At 9 months, success rates were: trabeculectomy, 4 of 15 patients; cyclodialysis, 3 of 20 patients; neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) cyclophotocoagulation, 1 of 8 patients; cyclocryotherapy, 9 of 22 patients; anterior chamber tube shunt (Schocket procedure), 3 of 6 patients; and argon laser trabeculoplasty, 2 of 20 patients. Severe complications included phthisis bulbi in 11% of cyclocryotherapy and severe visual loss in 20% with cyclodialysis and 14% with cyclocryotherapy. Results confirm the difficulty of surgical therapy in these patients.
Acute normovolemic hemodilution in orthopedic surgery

SUMMARY Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is an autologous blood collection technique that involves the removal of whole blood from a patient on the day of surgery shortly before an anticipated significant surgical blood loss. ANH is one of the least expensive blood-conservation practices because it is a ‘point-of-care’ strategy that is performed in the operating room at the time of surgery. As ANH and preoperative autologous donation (PAD) have equivalent efficacy but ANH is much less expensive than PAD, ANH is the logical choice for the procurement of autologous blood.
Fabrication and properties of infrared processed SCS-2/Al composites

Fabrication of aluminum matrix composites by liquid infiltration is hindered by poor wetting characteristics and extensive fiber/matrix reaction. In an attempt to produce composites with limited interfacial reaction and without the application of a vacuum or external pressure, a process of fabricating aluminum matrix composites using infrared heating has been developed at the University of Cincinnati. The rapid infrared manufacturing (RIM) process is characterized by extremely fast heating capabilities, typically in the order of 100--200 C/s. Under these heating rates, the oxide layer formed on aluminum prior to melting would be kept relatively thin. As a result of such a thin oxide layer and due to both, dissolution of the oxide layer and lowered viscosity at high temperature, the thin oxide film brakes and causes wetting and flow of liquid aluminum. Although good quality composites were produced by the RIM process, experiences indicated that in order to achieve optimum composite strengths, heat treatments may be necessary. Based on the work by several researchers, it can be inferred that the T6 heat treatment may not significantly increase the strength of the composites. In this study, several heat treatments based on physical metallurgy and fracture mechanics considerations were examined. This paper discussesmore » one of the heat treatments which significantly increased the strength of the composites. Both composite fabrication and composite properties arising out of the heat treatment have been investigated.« less
Recombination kinetics and stability in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Abstract Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements indicate that bare Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) films degrade when they are exposed to air or stored in nitrogen-purged dry boxes. The degradation significantly affects device performance and electro-optical measurements. Measuring films prior to degradation reveals long lifetimes and distinct recombination properties. For high-quality material, the surface recombination velocity at grain boundaries, bare CIGS surfaces, and CIGS/CdS interfaces is less than 10 3 cm/s, and lifetime values are often greater than 50 ns. In high injection, CIGS has recombination properties similar to GaAs. On completed devices, charge-separation dynamics can be characterized.
Differences in urodynamic study variables in adult patients with neurogenic bladder and myelomeningocele before and after augmentation enterocystoplasty

Aims To evaluate urodynamic parameters in myelomeningocele patients with native bladders and after augmentation, continence rates and check the longevity of these parameters after lower urinary tract (LUT) reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of adult myelomeningocele patients with UDS. Results 118 adult patients with NGB secondary to myelomeningocele were identified. 58/118 (49.1%) had UDS performed in our clinic: 18/58 (31%) after prior reconstruction (“Augment” group) and 40/58 (69%) during annual urologic follow up (“NoSx” group). Urodyanmic findings after augmentation included: Pdet@MCC 31.1 (1–95) cmH2O, MCC 495.9 ml, NDO in 3/18 (16.7%), mean DLPP 54.0 (48–60) cmH2O and mean ALPP 39.6 (20–110) cmH2O in 5/18 with an incompetent sphincter. Patients in “NoSx” group had the following findings: Pdet@MCC of 39.6 (1–60) cmH2O, MCC 407.5 ml, 18/40 (45%) had NDO, mean DLPP of 48.1 (15–95) cmH2O and mean ALPP = 51 (17–78) cmH2O in 10/40 with incompetent sphincter. In the “NoSx” group, 19/40 (47.5%) had normal bladder compliance. Mean time from the surgery to UDS was 10.4 years. Continent patients in the “NoSx” group had a significantly higher MCC than incontinent patients in the same group (475 vs. 352 ml, P = 0.029). 8/17 (47.1%) continent patients in “NoSx” group had normal UDS. Conclusions Most patients after augmentation maintain low bladder pressures for more than 10 years. Close long-term follow up should be maintained, especially in those patients that have not had prior augmentation. Urinary incontinence may be secondary to poor sphincteric function in patients with and without prior augmentation. Moreover, we should continue to follow patients after reconstruction as elevated detrusor pressures can still be seen. Strict follow up after LUT reconstruction still continues to be important. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 250–253, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuroprotective Properties of a Novel Non-Thiazoledinedione Partial PPAR-γ Agonist against MPTP

Activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR)-γ is proposed as a neuroprotective strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we examined if LSN862 (LSN), a novel non-thiazoledinedione partial PPAR-γ agonist, was neuroprotective in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and assessed possible mechanisms of action. LSN (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle was orally administered daily to C57BL/6 and antioxidant response element-human placental alkaline phosphatase (ARE-hPAP) reporter mice 3 days prior to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 30 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 days) or PBS administration. LSN elicited a dose-dependent preservation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal innervation that was not associated with inhibition of MPTP metabolism or activation of Nrf2-ARE, although changes in NQO1 and SOD2 mRNA were observed. A significant dose-dependent downregulation in MAC-1 and GFAP positive cells was observed in MPTP