cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semianalytic Theory of Long-Term Behavior of Earth and Lunar Orbiters

A semianalytical method capable of analyzing both lunar and Earth orbiters is presented. Primary attention is focused on predicting the evolution of the orbit as affected by third body perturbations together with those of the rotating primary. The singly averaged (literal) equations of motion are expanded by machine to high order in the parallax factor and the mean motion ratio. The equations are numerically integrated to yield the orbital evolution for a wide range of initial conditions. In addition, a purely analytical method is introduced to yield the orbital lifetimes for a special class of orbits. this assumption is clearly violated in the case of the Earth-moon system. Thus in carrying out the expansion, a time rate of change for all terms containing the third body position must be included. This yields a further expansion of the disturbing function in terms of the mean motion ratio ri\n\ the ratio of the mean motion of the disturbing body to that of the satellite. To carry out the expansions in terms of the parallax factor and the mean motion ratio and then to average the equations of motion over one orbit requires an excessive amount of algebra for the higher order terms. To aid in the algebraic computations, a general algebraic manipulation routine was developed and was used to compute the average (literal) equations of motion to eighth order in the parallax factor and to second order in the mean motion ratio with corresponding cross terms up to and including fifth order in parallax. In addition to the third body effects, the gravity harmonics of the rotating primary must be considered. For the moon, these equations may be averaged over the orbital period since the moon rotates slowly. However, for the more rapidly rotating Earth, this analysis is invalid as the orbital mean motion may be nearly commensurate with the rotation of the primary. To avoid this problem, the equations of motion are numerically averaged from one-half orbit behind to one- half orbit ahead of the present position of the satellite. These averaged rates are then used in the total variations of the ele- ments. At present a full 7x7 and 4x4 field is used for the Earth and moon, respectively. When the tesseral harmonics are not required, only terms containing 72, /22, /3 and /4 are used and the variational equations are calculated explicitly.
Health Consequences of Marriage for the Retirement Years

Greater numbers of persons will enter retirement outside of marriage or with a checkered marital history. Given the traditional health benefits of marriage, these changes in the population's marital life course may foretell changing demands for eldercare in addition to adverse health consequences. Here, the authors provide new evidence on the specific aspects of health associated with marriage for a nationally representative survey of retirement age adults. An important aspect of the authors' analysis is the assessment of whether the benefits of marriage hold equally for women and men, major race/ethnic groups, and persons with different marital histories. Data from the Health and Retirement Survey are used to evaluate how marriage is associated with major chronic illnesses, functional limitations, and disability. Findings document that marriage benefits health across a broad spectrum of fatal and nonfatal chronic disease conditions, functioning problems, and disabilities. Moreover, benefits of marriage a...
Heterogeneous transfer learning for activity recognition using heuristic search techniques

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study heterogeneous transfer learning for activity recognition using heuristic search techniques. Many pervasive computing applications require information about the activities currently being performed, but activity recognition algorithms typically require substantial amounts of labeled training data for each setting. One solution to this problem is to leverage transfer learning techniques to reuse available labeled data in new situations. Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduces three novel heterogeneous transfer learning techniques that reverse the typical transfer model and map the target feature space to the source feature space and apply them to activity recognition in a smart apartment. This paper evaluates the techniques on data from 18 different smart apartments located in an assisted-care facility and compares the results against several baselines. Findings – The three transfer learning techniques are all able to outperform the baseline compar...
Informal Social Support for HIV Medical Care

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of availability of HIV-related information and emotional support necessary to obtaining appropriate medical care. Multivariate models control for use of professional case management, mental health services, and drug treatment services. Study data were obtained from the first two rounds of interviews from the New York City Community Health Advisory and Information Network (CHAIN). Household information support and professional ancillary services were significantly associated with entry into appropriate medical care. Among participants in appropriate care at the baseline, only professional services were significantly associated with continuity of care.
Nanogenerator and nano-piezotronics

Summary form only given. Developing wireless nanodevices and nanosystems is of critical importance for sensing, medical science, environmental/infrastructure monitoring, defense technology and even personal electronics. It is highly desirable for wireless devices to be self-powered without using battery. This is a new initiative in today's energy research for mico/nano-systems in searching for sustainable self-sufficient power sources. It is essential to explore innovative nanotechnologies for converting mechanical energy, vibration energy, and hydraulic energy into electric energy that will be used to power nanodevices. We have invented an innovative approach for converting nano-scale mechanical energy into electric energy by piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire arrays. The operation mechanism of the nanogenerator relies on the piezoelectric potential created by an external strain; a dynamic straining of the nanowire results in a transient flow of the electrons in the external load due to the driving force of the piezopotential. We have developed the nanogenerator from fundamental science, to engineering integration and to technological scale-up. As today, a gentle straining can output 1.2 V from an integrated nanogenerator, using which a self-powered nanosensor has been demonstrated. A commercial LED has been lid up. This is a key step for developing a totally nanowire-based nanosystem. Alternatively, by substituting the gate voltage in a field effect transistor (FET) with the piezopotential creating by an external strain, we have fabricated a series of devices that rely on a coupling between semiconductor and piezoelectric properties and are controlled/tuned by externally applied force/pressure, such as diode, strain sensor and strain-gated logic unites, which are a new field called piezotronics. A three way coupling among piezoelectricity, semiconductor and photonic excitation has demonstrated the piezo-phototronic effect.
Detection of Group C Rotavirus in Juvenile Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with Diarrhea by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction: Sequencing and Analysis of the Complete Coding Region of the VP6 Gene

Nine juvenile ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with a history of diarrhea were severely dehydrated and had distended abdomens and thin-walled small intestines that contained gas and fluid. Histologically, small intestines exhibited acute superficial atrophic enteritis. Transmission electron microscopy of the small intestine showed rotavirus-like particles within apical vacuoles. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was negative for group A rotavirus. A group C rotavirus-specific RT-PCR assay was developed using consensus primers designed from the alignment of VP6 gene sequences of porcine, bovine, and human strains. A 182-bp product of the VP6 gene was sequenced and showed significant similarity to group C rotavirus VP6 sequences. This strain was designated “Ferret Rota C-MSU.” The entire coding sequence of VP6 was determined and compared with other rotaviruses. Ferret Rota C-MSU virus was found to be most closely related to Shintoku group C rotavirus. This is the first definitive ident...
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Induces Transcriptional Activity of the Human Polymorphic hs1,2 Enhancer of the 3′Igh Regulatory Region

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental toxicant known to inhibit Ab secretion and Ig expression. Inhibition of Ig expression may be partially mediated through repression of the 3′ Igh regulatory region (3′ Igh RR). TCDD inhibits mouse 3′ Igh RR activation and induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding to dioxin response elements within the 3′ Igh RR enhancers hs1,2 and hs4. The human hs1,2 enhancer (hu-hs1,2) is polymorphic as the result of the presence of one to four invariant sequences (ISs), which have been correlated with several autoimmune diseases. The IS also contains a dioxin response element core motif. Therefore, the objective was to determine whether hu-hs1,2 activity is sensitive to TCDD. Using a mouse B cell line (CH12.LX), we compared the effects of TCDD on mouse hs1,2 versus hu-hs1,2 activity. TCDD inhibited mouse hs1,2 similarly to the mouse 3′ Igh RR. In contrast, hu-hs1,2 was activated by TCDD, and antagonist studies supported an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent activation, which was replicated in a human B cell line (IM-9). Absence of Pax5 binding sites is a major difference between the human and mouse hs1,2 sequence. Insertion of the high-affinity Pax5 site in hu-hs1,2 markedly blunted reporter activity but did not alter TCDD’s effect (i.e., no shift from activation to inhibition). Additionally, deletional analysis demonstrated a significant IS contribution to hu-hs1,2 basal activity, but TCDD-induced activity was not strictly IS number dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that hu-hs1,2 is a significant target of TCDD and support species differences in hs1,2 regulation. Therefore, sensitivity of hu-hs1,2 to chemical-induced modulation may influence the occurrence and/or severity of human diseases associated with hu-hs1,2.
Effects of carcass chilling temperature on loin steaks from bulls and steers

South Devon bulls (n=10) and steers (n=10) were slaughtered at 16 months of age. The right sides were conventionally chilled (CC) at 2°C while the left sides were delayed chilled (DC) for 4 h at 12.8°C and subsequently moved to the 2°C cooler. Bulls exhibited heavier carcasses, larger longissimus (LD) area, less subcutaneous fat and lower USDA yield grades. Steers possessed higher marbling scores and more desirable lean texture. Bulls and DC sides exhibited higher LD temperatures 2 and 4 h postmortem. Bulls and CC sides tended to have higher 2 and 4 h pH values. Sex had no effect on Warner-Bratzler (WB) values; however, DC steaks had lower WB values than steaks from CC sides. Steers possessed slightly longer LD sarcomeres but no difference was observed between chill treatments. Sensory panelists judged steers to be superior in tenderness, flavor, juiciness and connective tissue residue. Steaks from CC sides were rated more tender then steaks from DC sides, but no differences were detected for the other sensory traits.
SODIUM CHLORIDE AND LIME EFFECTS ON SOIL CATIONS AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ASPARAGUS FERN

Studies have shown the potential for sodium chloride (NaCl) to reduce the incidence or severity of Fusarium root and crown rots in asparagus. With annual applications of NaCl there is concern about possible effects to reduce the availability and uptake of the essential plant elements, especially calcium and magnesium. Studies were established in two commercial asparagus fields in west central Michigan. Soil in both fields is a Spinks loamy fine sand (Sandy, mixed, mesic Psammentic Hapludalfs). In April 1998 NaCl was applied at 0, 560, or 1120 kg/ha with and without the addition of 6.7 Mg/ha pelletized dolomitic lime. Only NaCl treatments were applied again in April of 1999 and 2000. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm prior to NaCl application each year and 5 to 6 months later. Soil samples were collected to 90 cm 31 months after the initial salt application. The top 20-cm of asparagus fern was collected from 12 plants in each plot in August of 1999 and 2000. Soil analyses show the mo...
Structural and functional organization of the '1S0.8 gene-rich region' in the Triticeae.

Plant Molecular Biology49: 791–804, 2002 Table 1 of this article was wrongly printed. The correct version is printed overleaf.
Effects of Gastrin-releasing Peptide1-27 on Taste Responses in the Rat

Gastrin-releasing-peptide1–27 (GRP) has been implicated in the regulation of satiety and appetite in numerous paradigms. However, the specific site and mode of action of this gut–brain peptide has not been elucidated. The following experiment examined the effects of GRP on taste responses to sucrose in the behaving rat. A brief-exposure, multi-bottle gustometer was used to provide rats with momentary access to six different concentrations of sucrose in a single test session. This procedure has been used previously, resulting in monotonically increased licking behavior as concentrations of sucrose increase. Differing injection procedures were employed such that rats were tested immediately after i.p. injection or 5 min after i.p. injection of 5 nmol/kg body wt of GRP. Results indicate that GRP does reduce the oral reinforcing properties of sucrose, but the effect is transient, diminishing significantly within 5 min after injection.
The strength-of-weak-ties perspective on creativity: a comprehensive examination and extension

Disentangling the effects of weak ties on creativity, the present study separated, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of the size and strength of actors' idea networks and examined their joint impact while simultaneously considering the separate, moderating role of network diversity. I hypothesized that idea networks of optimal size and weak strength were more likely to boost creativity when they afforded actors access to a wide range of different social circles. In addition, I examined whether the joint effects of network size, strength, and diversity on creativity were further qualified by the openness to experience personality dimension. As expected, results indicated that actors were most creative when they maintained idea networks of optimal size, weak strength, and high diversity and when they scored high on the openness dimension. The implications of these results are discussed.
A Vision for the Future: Site-Based Strategic Planning

The steps involved in developing a strategic plan at the site level and the importance of scanning the external and internal environment to identify trends that affect the school are discussed here, in the first of a series of articles focusing on school-based management.
The fax-1 nuclear hormone receptor regulates axon pathfinding and neurotransmitter expression

Specification of neuron identity requires the activation of a number of discrete developmental programs. Among these is pathway selection by growth cones: in order for a neuron's growth cone to respond appropriately to guidance cues presented by other cells or the extracellular matrix, the neuron must express genes to mediate the response. The fax-1 gene of C. elegans is required for pathfinding of axons that extend along the ventral nerve cord. We show that fax-1 is also required for pathfinding of axons in the nerve ring, the largest nerve bundle in the nematode, and for normal expression of FMRFamide-like neurotransmitters in the AVK interneurons. The fax-1 gene encodes a member of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors and has a DNA-binding domain related to the human PNR and Drosophila Tailless proteins. We observe fax-1 expression in embryonic neurons, including the AVK interneurons, just prior to axon extension, but after neurogenesis. These data suggest that fax-1 coordinately regulates the transcription of genes that function in the selection of axon pathways, neurotransmitter expression and, perhaps, other aspects of the specification of neuron identity.
Tibial articular cartilage and meniscus geometries combine to influence female risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury

Tibial plateau subchondral bone geometry has been associated with the risk of sustaining a non-contact ACL injury; however, little is known regarding the influence of the meniscus and articular cartilage interface geometry on risk. We hypothesized that geometries of the tibial plateau articular cartilage surface and meniscus were individually associated with the risk of non-contact ACL injury. In addition, we hypothesized that the associations were independent of the underlying subchondral bone geometry. MRI scans were acquired on 88 subjects that suffered non-contact ACL injuries (27 males, 61 females) and 88 matched control subjects that were selected from the injured subject's teammates and were thus matched on sex, sport, level of play, and exposure to risk of injury. Multivariate analysis of the female data revealed that increased posterior-inferior directed slope of the middle articular cartilage region and decreased height of the posterior horn of the meniscus in the lateral compartment were associated with increased risk of sustaining a first time, non-contact ACL injury, independent of each other and of the slope of the tibial plateau subchondral bone. No measures were independently related to risk of non-contact ACL injury among males.
EMPHASIS/Nevada CABANA User Guide Version 1.0

The CABle ANAlysis (CABANA) portion of the EMPHASIS{trademark} suite is designed specifically for the simulation of cable system-generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP). The code can be used to evaluate the response of a specific cable design to threat or to compare and minimize the relative response of difference designs. This document provides user-specific information to facilitate the application of the code to cables of interest. It solves the electrical portion of a cable SGEMP simulation. It takes specific results from the deterministic radiation-transport code CEPTRE as sources and computes the resulting electrical response to an arbitrary cable load. The cable geometry itself is also arbitrary and is limited only by the patience of the user in meshing and by the available computing resources for the solution. The CABANA simulation involves solution of the quasi-static Maxwell equations using finite-element method (FEM) techniques.
La imagen ante los ojos: enfermedad de amor y castidad celeste en La fuerza de la sangre de Miguel de Cervantes

Este trabajo ofrece una explicacion para la violacion de Leocadia en la novela ejemplar La fueza de la sangre de Cervantes. Esa explicacion radica en la enfermedad de amor tipificada y descrita segun los criterios del Renacimiento en Espana e Italia. El motivo por el cual Rodolfo viola a la joven puede ser explicado a partir de la teoria amorosa de la epoca principalmente sustentada en los escritos de Ficino. Esta enfermedad constituye una narrativa simbolica y metaforica que conduce al banquete hacia el final de la novela. Esta escena no es solamente el producto de la restauracion del honor de Leocadia y el de la familia de esta, sino una manifestacion de la curacion de Rodolfo que se puede leer en terminos platonico-simbolicos.
Effects of ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses upon embryogenesis of eukaryotic organisms

Using scoring of survival of irradiated Drosophila embryos the moderate effects of fs-laser irradiation on embryogenesis and indirect evidence of possible induction of DNA repair mechanisms are demonstrated.
On Three Measures of Explanatory Power with Axiomatic Representations

Jonah N. Schupbach and Jan Sprenger ([2011]) and Vincenzo Crupi and Katya Tentori ([2012]) have recently proposed measures of explanatory power and have shown that they are characterized by certain...
In Situ Laser Fenestration During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Retrograde laser fenestration of the left subclavian artery (LSA) during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is an intraoperative method of endograft modification to revascularize aortic branches for a variety of acute thoracic aortic pathologies. The aim of this chapter is to review the evolution of this technique: from ex vivo experiments and initial procedural descriptions, to in situ application and technical considerations, and finally to clinical results.
Urinary incontinence and diuretic avoidance among adults with chronic kidney disease.

Diuretics remain an important medication for hypertension management among adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but diuretics may also worsen urinary symptoms, especially urinary incontinence (UI). This single-center pilot study examined the prevalence of UI among adults age ≥60 years with CKD using diuretics and assessed diuretic avoidance due to urinary symptoms. Patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and diuretic use were recruited from outpatient nephrology clinics. Urinary symptoms and diuretic avoidance were assessed using standardized questionnaires. The cohort of 44 women and 54 men had a mean age of 71.8 (8.4) years, and urgency-UI, stress-UI and mixed-UI (the presence of both urgency-UI and stress-UI) were reported by 44.9 % (n = 44), 36.7 % (n = 36) and 26.5 % (n = 26), respectively. Nocturia was noted in 68 % (n = 67). Overall, 15.3 % (6 men and 9 women) reported diuretic avoidance. Avoidance of diuretics was 27.3 % (n = 12), 25.5 % (n = 9) and 34.6 % (n = 9) among participants with urgency-UI, stress-UI and mixed-UI, respectively, while only 6.8 % (n = 3) of participants without any UI reported diuretic avoidance. After adjusting for age, sex and diuretic type (loop vs. others), both urgency-UI (odds ratio 5.9 95 % CI 1.5–22.8) and mixed-UI (odds ratio 5.7; 95 % CI 1.6–19.9) were significantly associated with diuretic avoidance compared to participants without urgency-UI, or mixed-UI, respectively. Stress-UI and nocturia were not significantly associated with diuretic avoidance. UI is common among older adults with CKD receiving diuretics. Patients with urgency-UI are more likely to avoid diuretics.
Fetal morbidity following potentially anoxigenic obstetric conditions: V. Organic heart disease

Abstract The charts of 327 pregnant women with organic heart disease were abstracted and analyzed primarily for fetal effect of the disease. Careful prenatal and pediatric care apparently markedly decreased the risk of perinatal death. The prematurity rate was considerably higher than expected and there was evidence that the fetuses had suffered from mild perinatal anoxia. Neurological evaluation of the children to the age of one year failed to reveal any evidence of neurological dysfunction related to the presence of organic heart disease in the mother.
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a type of status epilepticus (SE) lacking a predominant motor manifestation. The annual prevalence of NCSE is estimated to reach 10 to 20 cases in every 100,000 people. While almost half of all SE cases are nonconvulsive, there are several different types of NCSE: 1) epileptic absence SE, 2) epileptic focal seizure SE with consciousness disturbance (complex partial SE), 3) de novo NCSE of late onset, 4) NCSE due to acute brain injury or prolonged consciousness disturbance after convulsive SE. An electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation is necessary to diagnose NCSE. However, continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring over at least 24 hours is preferable to detect NCSE, as cognitive disturbances due to this condition may fluctuate over time. In addition, neuroimaging techniques, such as MRI with arterial spin labeled sequences or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can demonstrate hyperperfused areas in cases of focal onset. Thus, patients presenting with alternative cognitive disturbance with or without mild confusion should be evaluated using cEEG monitoring or blood flow imaging so as not to overlook treatable NCSE.
Gas Generation from Organic Transuranic Wastes. I. Alpha Radiolysis at Atmospheric Pressure

Gas generation from the alpha radiolysis of organic, transuranic (TRU) wastes has been cited as a potential area of concern for their terminal isolation in a geologic repository. This paper discusses gas generation rates from the alpha radiolysis of typical organic transuranic wastes, which are affected by the organic matrix, dose rate, dose, and temperature. The matrices under test were cellulosics, plastics, and rubber materials. 23 refs.
Survey of the Homolovi Ruins State Park

ABSTRACTThe intensive survey of about 13 square miles in the Homolovi Ruins State Park has documented more than 300 prehistoric sites. The survey shows a higher site density than expected, and indicates the long-term use of the middle Little Colorado River Valley. Evidence exists for a low-intensity use of the region during the Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods, but more intensive occupations occurred at three relatively distinct times between the late Basketmaker III (A.D. 750 to 900) and early Pueblo IV (A.D. 1300 to 1400) periods. Between these intensive occupations, the area was probably occupied infrequently or abandoned, perhaps for environmental reasons. Each occupation saw the development of various land-use strategies, especially those related to raising crops.
Effect of Curcumin on Growth Factors and Their Receptors, Ion Channels, and Transporters in the Visceral Organs and the Brain

Curcumin is a diferulomethane derived from the Indian spice plant Curcuma longa. It interferes with cell signaling pathways associated with apoptotic cell death, proliferation, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Recent studies have revealed that curcumin mediates its effects by interacting and modulating with several growth factors (VEGF, bFGF, EGF, and HIF), ion channels, and transporters. These growth factors not only regulate inflammatory responses and control apoptotic cell death, but also modulate angiogenesis. Molecular mechanisms of curcumin action not only include the inhibition of proinflammatory enzymes, such as COX-2, LOX, and iNOS, PtdIns 3 K, and tyrosine kinases, but also the activation of MAPK and PKC along with the modulation of several cell survival/cell-cycle genes.
Maximin optimality of the arcsine fingerprinting distribution and the interleaving attack for large coalitions

Fingerprinting codes provide a means for the digital content distributor to trace the origin of an unauthorized redistribution. The maximum achievable rate, or capacity, has recently been derived as the value of a two-person zero-sum game between the fingerprinting embedder and the pirates. Under the so-called Boneh-Shaw marking assumption, we prove rigorously that the asymptotic capacity is 1/(k2 2 ln 2), where k is the number of pirates. Furthermore, we confirm our earlier conjecture that Tardos' choice of the arcsine distribution asymptotically maximizes the mutual information payoff function while the interleaving attack minimizes it. Along with the asymptotic behavior, numerical solutions to the game for small k are also presented.
Screening fundus images for diabetic retinopathy

This paper presents a novel two-stage system that detects diabetic retinopathy (DR) using fundus photographs. The first-stage of this system masks out the background consisting of the optic disc, using a novel Minimum Intensity Maximum Solidity (MinIMaS) overlap algorithm that is 99.7% accurate in segmenting the optic disc region on public data sets named DIARETDB0, DIARETDB1, DRIVE, and STARE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis on the DIARETDB1 data set depicts that the second-stage of the system classifies bright lesions with 82.87% sensitivity, 94.36% specificity, 0.9593 area under ROC curves (AUC), and it detects red lesions with 75.5% sensitivity, 93.73% specificity, 0.8663 AUC using the Gaussian Mixture Models. Also, for DIARETDB1, free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis shows that the proposed detection system achieves a sensitivity of 80% for bright lesion detection, and 64% for red lesion detection at 0.5 false positives per image. Thus, the proposed DR detection system outperforms existing works by lowering false positives in lesion classification, and hence it can be applied to enhance the effectiveness in screening patients for diabetic retinopathy.
Lessons learned from existing biomass power plants

This report includes summary information on 20 biomass power plants, which represent some of the leaders in the industry. In each category an effort is made to identify plants that illustrate particular points. The project experiences described capture some important lessons learned that lead in the direction of an improved biomass power industry.
Post-Transplant Pulmonary Function Abnormalities Normalize in Survivors by the Second Decade After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract 1967 Following allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT), late-onset severe pulmonary complications occur in more than 10% of patients and confer an increased risk of mortality in the first few years post transplant. Whether pulmonary repair can occur subsequently is not well characterized. We prospectively collected pulmonary data on 138 (60 female, 78 male) recipients of allogeneic SCT from HLA identical siblings surviving > 5 years. The median age at transplant was 36 years. Indications for transplant were CML (63), AML (31), MDS (19), ALL (12) and others (14). 126 patients received ≥1200 cGy TBI-based conditioning with or without lung shielding, 3 received 400 cGy TBI-based conditioning and 9 patients received no irradiation. The graft was ex vivo T cell depleted in 131 recipients except six who received non-myeloablative SCT. Of the survivors, 26 had no cGvHD, 70 had cGvHD lasting less than 3 years and 42 had prolonged cGvHD requiring systemic immunosuppression for more than 3 years. Of the 17 patients who died beyond 5 years, 4 died of pulmonary causes, including two with lung cancer. Pre-transplant abnormalities ( Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Malaise in Representation in Chile: An 18-Year-Old Debate in Search of Evidence

The debate about the malaise with representation—or with democracy in general—that allegedly exists in Chile has been a permanent feature of scholarly work on Chile and that of Chilean social scientists since shortly after democracy was restored in 1990. Claims that there is something wrong with Chilean democracy or that people are discontented with the way it has evolved have abounded over the past 20 years. In fact, however, the evidence is inconclusive.
Textile Reorientations: The Manufacture and Trade of Cottons in Java c. 1600–1850

Past Western scholarship assumes that Java underwent ‘underdevelopment’ in the nineteenth century, the Dutch delivering the fatal blow against profitable local textile production with their purposeful marketing of inexpensive European industrial textiles. This chapter reveals how Java’s long-experienced cloth producers successfully outcompeted industrial imports through innovations, particularly labour-saving batik hand stamps that replaced free-hand ‘painting’. Port-based Chinese middlemen provided the stamps, dyes and imported industrial sheeting to household women, and successfully marketed their end-product batik fabrics. This transition further freed rural women from time-consuming weaving and hand-painting to cultivate cash crops. Renewed Javanese hand-stamped batik household production and intermediate quality batik cloth marketing equally revitalized the high-end batik hand craftsmanship of Java’s historical court workshops for elite (including resident Dutch colonialist) and international consumption.
Collaboration at the Center: Librarian, Faculty, and Students Partner to Revive Their Curriculum Lab

This article describes the ongoing impact of a class project on the library’s work to improve its curriculum materials center (CMC) and the students’ reflection on the impact of project-based learning (PBL) on their work as preservice teachers. Arcadia University’s Landman Library houses a Curriculum Lab, which provides materials and space to support the School of Education. Use of the space and collection was low, and many materials were outdated. An education professor and the liaison librarian partnered with students enrolled in the Designing Learning Environments course (ED411) to develop a plan to improve the Curriculum Lab. This real-world redesign project created an opportunity for students to apply and transfer theories they were learning about in their readings to an actual educational project. The students wrote a mission statement, drew up a blueprint, and gathered ideas for their vision of the Curriculum Lab. Students then presented their work to university administrators. Though the class has since ended, students still contribute to the project through a volunteer advisory group.
Regulation of hormone production in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Patients with pulmonary carcinoma frequently have elevated levels of one or more circulating tumor-produced hormones. This is particularly characteristic of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL), where an increased frequency of hormone production is seen more commonly than in other types of lung cancer. The most frequently elevated hormones in such patients are calcitonin (CT), ACTH and neurophysins (Sorenson et al. 1984a). In addition to the noteworthy frequency of hormone production by tumors in these patients, there is also a wide variety of hormones produced by individual SCCL tumors. The reasons for the common occurrence and the great variety of hormones produced by SCCL are unknown, as are the molecular mechanisms involved.
A special-purpose language for picture-drawing

Special purpose languages are typically characterized by a type of primitive data and domain-specific operations on this data. One approach to special purpose language design is to embed the data and operations of the language within an existing functional language. The data can be defined using the type constructions provided by the functional language, and the special purpose language then inherits all of the features of the more general language. In this paper we outline a domain-specific language, FPIC, for the representation of two-dimensional pictures. The primitive data and operations are defined in ML. We outline the operations provided by the language, illustrate the power of the language with examples, and discuss the design process.
Use of Phage Display and Polyvalency to Design Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions

We describe the synthesis of an inhibitor that interferes with critical protein-protein interactions occurring during the assembly of anthrax toxin. Using a phage display selection strategy, we isolated a peptide directed against the cell binding moiety of the toxin that was able to interfere with binding of the enzymatic moieties. Because the cell binding moiety of the toxin is a heptamer, the peptide can potentially bind up to seven equivalent sites. We synthesized a polyvalent molecule displaying multiple copies of this peptide and showed that it is a much more potent inhibitor than the free peptide. Because little structural knowledge of the interacting proteins was required to synthesize this inhibitor, we believe that this approach may prove useful in the design of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions in other systems.
The Invariants of Degree up to 6 of all n-ary m-ics

The problem which preoccupied invariant theorists of the 19th century was to describe the invariants of a form (i.e., a homogeneous polynomial, or, dually and essentially equivalently, a symmetric tensor), of degree m in n variables - an n-ary m-ic. An invariant of degree d of an n-ary m-ic is an element of S d(S m(C n)), the d-th symmetric power of the m-th symmetric power of C n , which is invariant under the natural action of SL(n, C) on this space. The usual approach to the problem was to fix n and m, and to ask for a set of “fundamental invariants.” This meant using the fact that the sum $$ {S_{{m,n}}} = \sum\limits_{{d \geqslant 0}} {{S^d}} ({S^m}({C^n})) $$ (1.1) has naturally the structure of algebra, e.g., the symmetric algebra on S m (C n ). The natural action of GL(n,C) on S m (C n ) extends to an action on S m,n by algebra automorphisms, and the space S S L m,n elements invariant under SL(n, C) is a subalgebra. By “fundamental invariants,” one means a set of generators for this algebra. This problem has been solved explicitly for only a small number of pairs (n, m). According to [Di], the “known” cases are (n, 2) for all n; (n, 3) for n = 2,3,4; and (2, m) for m ≤ 8. See also [DL], [Sh] for recent progress, and [Me] for the state of affairs in the late 19th century.
Studies on DNA content, RNA synthesis, and DNA template activity in aging cells of Paramecium aurelia

Abstract Investigations by Feulgen microspectrophotometry in Paramecium aurelia indicated that as fission age increased the amount of macronuclear DNA decreased. It was also found that the amount of RNA synthesis as determined by the in vivo incorporation of [3H]uridine decreased as the fission age increased. An alternative in situ assay of the DNA template activity determined by the RNA polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of [3H]UTP is described. The DNA template activity of older cells was shown to be significantly lower on a per cell basis than that of younger cells. The majority of this reduction was shown to be due to the gradual loss of DNA template with an increase in fission age. The specific activity of the DNA template, however, does show a small but significant decrease as the fission age of the cell increases.
A multiplicative K-theoretic model of Voevodsky’s motivic K-theory spectrum

Voevodsky defined a motivic spectrum representing algebraic K-theory, and Panin, Pimenov, and Rondigs described its ring structure up to homotopy. We construct a motivic symmetric spectrum with a strict ring structure. Then we show that these spectra are stably equivalent and that their ring structures are compatible up to homotopy.
Fluids and hyperosmolar agents in neurocritical care: an update.

Purpose of reviewTo discuss recent updates in fluid management and use of hyperosmolar therapy in neurocritical care.Recent findingsMaintaining euvolemia with crystalloids seems to be the recommended fluid resuscitation for neurocritical care patients. Buffered crystalloids have been shown to reduce
The Importance of Community Context in Effective Risk Management

In studying communities dealing with groundwater contamination, we find that perceptions of the health risk are affected by collective perception of the risk management. Both perception of the risk and perception of the risk management, we find, are shaped by factors in the local context. This paper identifies ten context factors that affect community response and may explain why different communities respond differently. It is suggested that long-range benefits for protection of health and environment could be achieved if these local context factors were taken into account in planning and carrying out risk management.
The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Diabetes Management.

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a chronic health condition contributing to a substantial burden of disease. According to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 10.9 million people were newly insured by Medicaid between 2013 and 2016. Considering this coverage expansion, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) could significantly affect persons with diabetes in their management of the disease. This study evaluates the impact of the Medicaid expansion under the ACA on diabetes management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study includes 22,335 individuals with diagnosed diabetes from the 2011 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. It uses a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the impact of the Medicaid expansion on self-reported access to health care, self-reported diabetes management, and self-reported health status. Additionally, it performs a triple-differences analysis to compare the impact between Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states considering diabetes rates of the states. RESULTS Significant improvements in Medicaid expansion states as compared with non–Medicaid expansion states were evident in self-reported access to health care (0.09 scores; P = 0.023), diabetes management (1.91 scores; P = 0.001), and health status (0.10 scores; P = 0.026). Among states with large populations with diabetes, states that expanded Medicaid reported substantial improvements in these areas in comparison with those that did not expand. CONCLUSIONS The Medicaid expansion has significant positive effects on self-reported diabetes management. While states with large diabetes populations that expanded Medicaid have experienced substantial improvements in self-reported diabetes management, non–Medicaid expansion states with high diabetes rates may be facing health inequalities. The findings provide policy implications for the diabetes care community and policy makers.
Measuring Within-Individual Cannabis Reduction in Clinical Trials: a Review of the Methodological Challenges

Cannabis abstinence, traditionally, is the primary outcome in cannabis use disorder (CUD) treatment trials. Due to the changing legality of cannabis, patient goals, and preliminary evidence suggesting that individuals who reduce their cannabis use may show functional improvements, cannabis reduction is a desirable alternative outcome in CUD trials. We review challenges in measuring cannabis reduction and the evidence to support various definitions of reduction. Reduction in number of cannabis use days was associated with improvements in functioning across several studies. Reductions in quantity of cannabis used was inconsistently associated with improvements in functioning, though definitions of quantity varied across studies. Different biomarkers may be used depending on the reduction outcome. Biologically confirmed reductions in frequency of cannabis use days may represent a viable endpoint in clinical trials for cannabis use disorder. Additional research is needed to better quantify reduction in cannabis amounts.
On VLSI-Optimal Neural Computations

This article investigates the VLSI optimality of neural inspired computations. After shortly introducing neural networks, many different cost functions are reviewed and discussed. The most important ones for VLSI implementations are the area and the delay (of the circuit), which are strongly related to the neurons' fan-in and to the size of their synaptic weights. The optimality of two different implementations will be examined: threshold gate implementations for a particular subclass of Boolean functions, and analog implementations of arbitrary and disadvantages of such implementations. The main conclusion is that VLSI-efficient solutions require (at least some) analog computations, but are connectivity/precision limited (when compared with biological neural nets). Two possible alternatives are: (i) cope with the limitations imposed by silicon, by speeding up the computation of the elementary 'silicon' neurons; (ii) investigate solutions which would allow the use of the third dimension (e.g. optical interconnections).
Head and neck surgical oncology in the time of a pandemic: Subsite-specific triage guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author(s): MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium; Consortium members; Maniakas, Anastasios; Jozaghi, Yelda; Zafereo, Mark E; Sturgis, Erich M; Su, Shirley Y; Gillenwater, Ann M; Gidley, Paul W; Lewis, Carol M; Diaz, Eduardo; Goepfert, Ryan P; Kupferman, Michael E; Gross, Neil D; Hessel, Amy C; Pytynia, Kristen B; Nader, Marc-Elie; Wang, Jennifer R; Lango, Miriam N; Kiong, Kimberley L; Guo, Theresa; Zhao, Xiao; Yao, Christopher MKL; Appelbaum, Eric; Alpard, Jennifer; Garcia, Jose A; Terry, Shawn; Flynn, Jill E; Bauer, Sarah; Fournier, Danielle; Burgess, Courtlyn G; Wideman, Cayla; Johnston, Matthew; You, Chenxi; De Luna, Rolando; Joseph, Liza; Diersing, Julia; Prescott, Kaitlin; Heiberger, Katherine; Mugartegui, Lilian; Rodriguez, Jessica; Zendehdel, Sara; Sellers, Justin; Friddell, Rebekah A; Thomas, Ajay; Khanjae, Sonam J; Schwarzlose, Katherine B; Chambers, Mark S; Hofstede, Theresa M; Cardoso, Richard C; Wesson, Ruth Aponte; Won, Alex; Otun, Adegbenga O; Gombos, Dan S; Al-Zubidi, Nagham; Hutcheson, Katherine A; Gunn, G Brandon; Rosenthal, David I; Gillison, Maura L; Ferrarotto, Renata; Weber, Randal S; Hanna, Ehab Y; Myers, Jeffrey N; Lai, Stephen Y | Abstract: BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has strained human and material resources around the world. Practices in surgical oncology had to change in response to these resource limitations, triaging based on acuity, expected oncologic outcomes, availability of supportive resources, and safety of health care personnel.MethodsThe MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium devised the following to provide guidance on triaging head and neck cancer (HNC) surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus. HNC subsites considered included aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, endocrine, cutaneous, and ocular.RecommendationsEach subsite is presented separately with disease-specific recommendations. Options for alternative treatment modalities are provided if surgical treatment needs to be deferred.ConclusionThese guidelines are intended to help clinicians caring for patients with HNC appropriately allocate resources during a health care crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to advocate for individual consideration of cases in a multidisciplinary fashion based on individual patient circumstances and resource availability.
Selective Labeling and Identification of the Tumor Cell Proteome of Pancreatic Cancer In Vivo

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest cancers. Dissecting the tumor cell proteome, from that of the non-tumor cells in the PDAC tumor bulk, is critical for tumorigenesis studies, biomarker discovery, and development of therapeutics. However, investigating the tumor cell proteome has proven evasive due to the extremely complex cellular composition of the bulk tumors. To circumvent this technical barrier, we have combined bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) in an orthotopic PDAC model to specifically identify the tumor cell proteome in vivo. Utilizing the tumor cell-specific expression of a mutant tRNA synthetase transgene, this approach provides tumor cells with the exclusive ability to incorporate an azide-bearing methionine analog into newly synthesized proteins. The azide-tagged tumor cell proteome is subsequently enriched and purified via a bioorthogonal reaction, and then identified and quantified using DIA-MS. Applying this workflow to the orthotopic PDAC model, we have identified thousands of proteins expressed by the tumor cells. Furthermore, by comparing the tumor cell and tumor bulk proteomes, we showed that the approach can distinctly differentiate proteins produced by tumor-cells from non-tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. Our study, for the first time, reveals the tumor cell proteome of pancreatic cancer under physiological conditions, providing broad applications for tumorigenesis, therapeutics, and biomarker studies in various human cancers.