cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NOMA-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

A cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output system with non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) is investigated. An achievable sum rate is derived and compared against the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) counterpart. Thereby, the detrimental effects of intra-cluster pilot contamination, inter-cluster interference and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) are investigated. The number of users served simultaneously by NOMA can be significantly higher than that of OMA. Nevertheless, the achievable sum rate of NOMA can be lower than that of OMA even in the regime of low number of users due to intra-cluster pilot contamination and error propagation of imperfect SIC.
Parallel restarted search

We consider the problem of parallelizing restarted backtrack search. With few notable exceptions, most commercial and academic constraint programming solvers do not learn no-goods during search. Depending on the branching heuristics used, this means that there are little to no side-effects between restarts, making them an excellent target for parallelization. We develop a simple technique for parallelizing restarted search deterministically and demonstrate experimentally that we can achieve near-linear speed-ups in practice.
RevisiÓn del tratamiento farmacolÓgico de la migraña en niños

Objetivo. Describir la eficacia y tolerabilidad de los distintos farmacos empleados en el tratamiento de la migrana en la infancia y la adolescencia. Desarrollo. Se realizo una revision de la bibliografia sobre estudios farmacologicos del tratamiento de la migrana llevados a cabo en la infancia y la adolescencia. Hay dos tipos de tratamiento para la migrana: el abortivo y el profilactico. Se detallan las reacciones adversas y la eficacia de los diferentes tipos de farmaco. Se han publicado pocos estudios controlados por placebo y de doble ciego sobre el tratamiento de las cefaleas migranosas en ninos, comparados con los que se han publicado en adultos. El ibuprofeno y el sumatriptan por via nasal son los unicos farmacos que se han investigado y que han demostrado ser eficaces en el tratamiento abortivo de la migrana en los ninos en mas de un estudio de doble ciego controlado por placebo. A diferencia de los estudios en los adultos, los triptanos orales probados en ninos no han demostrado ser eficaces con respecto a los placebos. Solo la flunarizina ha resultado ser eficaz como tratamiento profilactico en mas de una prueba controlada por placebo. Conclusion. La mayor parte de los farmacos que se emplean en el tratamiento de la migrana en los ninos y los adolescentes se toleran bien. La respuesta al tratamiento de la migrana en los ninos y los adolescentes puede ser distinta a la que se observa en los adultos. Entre la poblacion pediatrica parece haber un alto indice de respuesta a los placebos. Es necesario, por tanto, la realizacion de mas estudios prospectivos controlados por placebo.
Opportunities, Challenges and the Road Ahead for Field-Coupled Nanocomputing: A Panel Discussion

The FCN’13 Workshop, held at the University of South Florida in February 2013, concluded with a panel discussion on opportunities and critical challenges facing research in field-coupled nanocomputing. The panelists were Craig Lent (Notre Dame), Wolfgang Porod (Notre Dame), and Robert Wolkow (Alberta). Questions were posed to the panel and to all workshop participants by moderator Neal Anderson (UMass Amherst), and by the panelists and participants themselves. What follows is an edited transcript of that discussion. All participants in this discussion had the opportunity to review the edited transcript and offer corrections and clarifications. Editor’s notations are enclosed in square brackets.
In vivo Electrical Stimulation of Neural Stem Cells via Conductive Polymer Scaffold Improves Endogenous Repair Mechanisms of Stroke Recovery (P4.028)

Objective: The electrically conductive scaffold for human neural progenitor cell (NPC) implantation provides a novel tool to analyze mechanisms of stroke recovery and optimize stem cells for stroke therapy. Proposed research will help further dissect how NPCs enhance stroke recovery. Background: Brain stimulation to enhance post-stroke recovery are a promising area of research; however, in vivo electrical stimulation combined with NPCs transplantation has not been fully understood. Our proposal offers a novel platform to electrically interact with NPCs in vivo to elucidate recovery mechanisms and optimize therapeutic efficiency. Design/Methods: The conductive polymer scaffold consisting of a polypyrrole polymer was seeded with NPCs (Aruna Biomedical) and implanted along with a reference electrode. Immunocompromised rats underwent a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke. After 1 week post-stroke, implantation surgeries were performed. Electrical stimulation (ES) (AC: ±400 mV/100Hz for 1 hr, starting 1 day after implantation, n=10) was applied daily for 3 consecutive days. Blinded, behavior testing was performed for 6 weeks. Immunostaining was performed to determine endogenous NPC population (anti-BrdU, Abcam). Results: A cannula system has been designed to locally deliver NPCs with in vivo ES. NPCs with in vivo ES had an earlier recovery than the other groups. The NPC without in vivo ES also outperformed the cannula with the ES alone, the cannula alone, and the sham groups. Combination therapy of NPCs with in vivo ES enhanced post-stroke endogenous stem cells population in the subventricular zones. Conclusions: In conclusion, the electrically conductive scaffold for NPC implantation with in vivo ES provides a novel tool to analyze mechanisms of stroke recovery and optimize stem cells for stroke therapy. The results dissected how NPCs with in vivo ES enhance stroke recovery and increase endogenous stem cell population. Our platform enables the manipulation of NPCs in vivo to optimize recovery and evaluate the important mechanisms for functional improvement. Disclosure: Dr. Oh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Song has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levinson has nothing to disclose. Dr. George has nothing to disclose.
Crafting an Active Print Collection for the Academic Library: A Case Study from the Claremont Colleges Library

AbstractIn 2016, The Claremont Colleges Library began to imagine what it might look like to provide access to our collections in ways that are informed by how our community uses those resources. Fr...
Tensile properties of graphene nanoplatelets/epoxy composites fabricated by various dispersion techniques

Abstract This study investigates the tensile behavior of ductile and brittle epoxy polymers reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) dispersed by various methodologies. Dispersion of GNPs into the epoxy matrix using sonication or sonication in combination with high shear mixing was investigated. Also, the effectiveness of the dispersion of GNPs into epoxy resin or hardener was assessed. Then, the effect of GNP concentration on the tensile properties of GNP/epoxy composites fabricated by three selected dispersion techniques was explored. A large number of specimens were tested under uniaxial tensile loading and the results were analyzed in terms of tensile strength, fracture elongation, and tensile modulus. Finally, scanning electron microscopy imaging was used to assess the fractured surface of the selected specimens. Results indicate that the addition of GNPs into brittle epoxy does not provide significant improvements in tensile properties. On the other hand, up to 41% increase in tensile strength and 19% increase in tensile modulus were observed for ductile epoxy with 1 wt% GNPs. However, the addition of GNPs into either brittle or ductile epoxy reduces the fracture elongation of the developed composites.
Should we act on a high umbilical cord lactate in an otherwise healthy neonate

Should we act on a high umbilical cord lactate in an otherwise healthy neonate? While on call for neonatology, you are called by a midwife who asks you to review a baby because the cord lactate was elevated at 4.5 mmol/L. The baby was just delivered at term following a normal pregnancy via emergency caesarean section for failure to progress. It is routine practice at your hospital to do a cord gas on all babies born in theatre. The baby had good Apgar scores, did not need any resuscitation and is breastfeeding in the recovery room. There was no meconium or risk factors for sepsis. You ask yourself what is the neonatal outcome predictor of a high cord lactate in term babies who did not need resuscitation? In well-term neonates (population), does umbilical cord lactate (intervention) correlate with neonatal outcome (outcome)? Primary search was done on Ovid Medline Embase using the search terms: ( term.mp OR exp.term birth ) AND ( neonat*.mp OR exp.newborn ) AND ( cord.mp OR exp.umbilical cord/umbilical cord blood ) AND ( lactate.mp OR exp.lactic acid ) AND (( morbidity.mp OR exp.morbidity/perinatal morbidity/newborn morbidity ) OR ( outcome.mp OR exp.fatal outcome/adverse outcome pathways/patient outcome assessment )), limited to English language. Sixty potential papers were reviewed. Studies only comparing lactate to other cord measurements were excluded and those only assessing acidotic or high risk, including preterm, neonates were excluded. However, several studies included in the systematic review gave no inclusion criteria. A total of five papers were found relevant for inclusion, one systemic review and four cohort studies (see table 1). A …
Global and semi-global communication on Si-IF

On-chip scaling continues to pose significant technological and design challenges. Nonetheless, the key obstacle in on-chip scaling is the high fabrication cost of the state-of-the-art technology nodes. An opportunity exists however, to continue scaling at the system level. Silicon interconnect fabric (Si-IF) is a platform that aims to replace both the package and printed circuit board to enable heterogeneous integration and high inter-chip performance. Bare dies are attached directly to the Si-IF at fine vertical interconnect pitch (2 to 10 μm) and small inter-die spacing (≤ 100 μm). The Si-IF is a single-hierarchy integration construct that supports dies of any process, technology, and dimensions. In addition to development of the fabrication and integration processes, system-level challenges need to be addressed to enable integration of heterogeneous systems on the Si-IF. Communication is a fundamental challenge on large Si-IF platforms (up to 300 mm diameter wafers). Different technological and design approaches for global and semi-global communication are discussed in this paper. The area overhead associated with global communication on the Si-IF is determined.
Management of type 2 diabetes: consensus of diabetes organizations

Despite the advances in diabetes management, people with diabetes are not reaching their target glycemic goals. Healthcare professionals often fail to initiate, escalate, or de-intensify therapy when indicated. There are several organizations that provide guidance on the management of diabetes to assist the practitioner in achieving improved glycemic control, and this can cause confusion to the practitioner on which organizations' guidance to follow. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, and there have been studies that suggest some antidiabetic medications increase cardiovascular risk and some reduce cardiovascular risk. Diabetes organizations recommend the individualization of treatment goals and choices of drug therapy that will be safe and effective. Healthcare professionals should be knowledgeable and equipped to decide on the best treatment regimen for each of their patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and be familiar with how to utilize the different organizations' philosophies in treating their patients.
Utilizing photosensitive polymers to evaluate UV radiation exposures in different plasma chamber configurations

Monitoring vacuum ultraviolet (UV/VUV) emission in plasma systems is challenging as it requires specialized diagnostic systems or sensors to be compatible with these devices. This study addresses different reactor configurations and plasma chemistries with various levels of UV emission and their effects on a known set of polymers. First, the effect of He plasma treatment of organic underlayer (NFC-1400) and e-beam resist (hydrogen silsesquioxane) on line-space patterning of polysilicon at sub-100 nm pitch was investigated. By applying He plasma exposure, both before and after patterning of the optical underlayer, a significant improvement in line edge roughness (LER) from 2.5 to 1.4 nm was observed. To understand the plasma treatment mechanisms, polymers were exposed to synchrotron VUV light at 62 nm (or 20.0 eV), which coincides with the He VUV emission range (50–60 nm), followed by etching of poly-Si, and were found to have similar LER results. The refraction index measurements for both the optical underlayer and the e-beam resist revealed the key finding that the polymers absorption maxima corresponded exactly to the wavelength of ∼60 nm. Second, the impact of inductively coupled and microwave plasma configurations on etch rates and chemical properties of photoresists were investigated. Identifying specific photon-induced modifications on polymers can help detect UV/VUV emission in the plasma and decouple ion and photon effects on materials. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(4-vinylphenol)-based photoresists were exposed to argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N2) plasmas. Surface and elemental analyses confirmed that plasma effects on chemical modifications, surface roughness, and etch rate were significantly higher for poly(methyl methacrylate) compared to poly(4-vinylphenol)-based photoresists. Detailed elemental and molecular structure analyses of these polymers showed relatively higher damage to both species caused from the inductively coupled plasma, which is ultimately correlated with a higher UV/VUV emission.
Werkgruppe V.B: Kammermusik ohne Klavier: Streichquartette

1. Nro:3. Quartetto ǀ a ǀ Violino Primo ǀ Violino 2.do ǀ Viola ǀ e ǀ Violoncello ǀ von Beeckes Hand:] du Capitaine Beecke
Can Backward Walking Speed Reserve Discriminate Older Adults at High Fall Risk

Purpose: The authors examine whether community-dwelling older adults at high fall risk have lower backward walking speed reserve (WSR) than their healthy counterparts. Method: Twenty-one healthy ol...
The Frequency Theory of Probability

This chapter traces one branch of theories of probability which bifurcated naturally from the dualistic concept of the eighteenth century: the frequency theories of Venn, Peirce, Mises, Reichenbach, and Popper. These theories failed on several counts. In defining probability as relative to a precisely defined kind of sequence, they made it inapplicable to the real world, to empirical series. And in defining probability as relative frequency, they removed all relevance to evidence or support, and Bernoulli’s Theorem became a tautology: The long-run relative frequency of an event approaches its long-run relative frequency. But the frequency theory, because of its empiricist ambitions, became the received theory among philosophers of science, and a design criterion for the next theory of statistical inference.
Measuring Intracranial Pressure

Measuring the pressure inside the head (intracranial pressure) is commonly performed in patients with IIH. These procedures can be painful or scary. This chapter will focus on the three most common means through which doctors measure pressure inside the head in patient with IIH: spinal taps, lumbar drain catheters, and intracranial pressure monitors. We cover each of these procedures in detail and what to expect before, during, and after the procedure has concluded.
Adversarial Contrastive Pre-training for Protein Sequences.

Recent developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) demonstrate that large-scale, self-supervised pre-training can be extremely beneficial for downstream tasks. These ideas have been adapted to other domains, including the analysis of the amino acid sequences of proteins. However, to date most attempts on protein sequences rely on direct masked language model style pre-training. In this work, we design a new, adversarial pre-training method for proteins, extending and specializing similar advances in NLP. We show compelling results in comparison to traditional MLM pre-training, though further development is needed to ensure the gains are worth the significant computational cost.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Cu-25Au Single Crystals in Aqueous Chloride Media

Transgranular stress-corrosion cracking (T-SCC) in disordered copper-25 atomic percent gold single crystals was studied in two chloride media: 2% (0.13M) FeCl3 and oxygen-free 0.6M NaCl. Potentiostatic polarization, constant deflection tests, and high-resolution SEM examination were used to relate the electrochemical behavior with susceptibility to T-SCC in this system. Selective electro-dissolution of copper occurs over the investigated potential domain, and polarization is characterized by a region of potential in which the current is very low ( ~ 2–4 microamps/cm2), increasing only very slowly with increasing potential up to a critical potential, Ec. Above Ec the current increases by a factor of 103 in a very narrow domain of rising potential ( ~ 50 mv). In both chloride media the critical potential was found to be ~ +430 mv (sce). At and above Ec a porous gold-rich “sponge” is readily formed on the surface, and in aq. FeCl3 metallographic evidence for sponge formation was found in the low-current region of potential, well below Ec. In both media, fracture surfaces display the characteristic cleavage-like features seen in other T-SCC systems. The lower limit of potential for susceptibility in aq. NaCl occurs at 400 mv (sce), slightly below Ec; whereas, for aq. FeCl3 the limiting potential is 0 mv (sce), fully 430 mv below Ec. For both media, the upper limit of potential, if it exists, is greater than 600 mv (sce). These results are analyzed in order to distinguish between proposed mechanisms for T-SCC.
Hierarchical Models, Data Augmentation, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo

The ever increasing power and sophistication of today’s high energy astronomical instruments is opening a new realm of high quality data that is quickly pushing beyond the capabilities of the “classical” data-analysis methods in common use. In this chapter we discuss the use of highly structured models that not only incorporate the scientific model (e.g., for a source spectrum) but also account for stochastic components of data collection and the instrument (e.g., background contamination and pile up). Such hierarchical models when used in conjunction with Bayesian or likelihood statistical methods offer a systematic solution to many challenging data analytic problems (e.g., low count rates and pile up). Hierarchical models are becoming increasingly popular in physical and other scientific disciplines largely because of the recent development of sophisticated methods for statistical computation. Thus, we discuss such methods as the EM algorithm, data augmentation, and Markov chain Monte Carlo in the context of high energy high resolution low count data.
Tractional force generation by porcine Müller cells: paracrine stimulation by retinal pigment epithelium.

PURPOSE. To examine the ability of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to modulate Muller cell extracellular matrix contraction through secreted promoters. METHODS. Freshly isolated RPE cells were maintained in continuous culture until the morphologic and immunocytochemical changes associated with myofibroblastic dedifferentiation were complete. Secretory products collected from these cells during extended incubations in serum-free medium and at different stages of dedifferentiation were examined for the ability to promote extracellular matrix contraction by Muller cells. The contributions of specific growth factors to RPE-secreted activity were examined with growth factor-neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS. Secretory products from RPE cells throughout dedifferentiation contained biologically active quantities of Muller cell contraction promoters. Secretory activity increased during extended incubation in serum-free medium and during myofibroblastic dedifferentiation. Growth factor-specific neutralizing antibodies enabled the determination that insulin-like growth factor- and platelet-derived growth factor-related proteins were the secreted species to which Muller cells responded. Finally, gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and platelet-derived growth factor A chain by porcine RPE cells was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS. RPE cells are a viable source of biologically active quantities of two growth factors that stimulate extracellular matrix contraction by Muller cells. This secretory profile persists for extended periods in an otherwise serum-free environment and is enhanced during myofibroblastic dedifferentiation.
Imaging calcium signals in vivo: a powerful tool in physiology and pharmacology

The design and engineering of organic fluorescent Ca2+ indicators approximately 30 years ago opened the door for imaging cellular Ca2+ signals with a high degree of temporal and spatial resolution. Over this time, Ca2+ imaging has revolutionized our approaches for tissue-level spatiotemporal analysis of functional organization and has matured into a powerful tool for in situ imaging of cellular activity in the living animal. In vivo Ca2+ imaging with temporal resolution at the millisecond range and spatial resolution at micrometer range has been achieved through novel designs of Ca2+ sensors, development of modern microscopes and powerful imaging techniques such as two-photon microscopy. Imaging Ca2+ signals in ensembles of cells within tissue in 3D allows for analysis of integrated cellular function, which, in the case of the brain, enables recording activity patterns in local circuits. The recent development of miniaturized compact, fibre-optic-based, mechanically flexible microendoscopes capable of two-photon microscopy opens the door for imaging activity in awake, behaving animals. This development is poised to open a new chapter in physiological experiments and for pharmacological approaches in the development of novel therapies. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Imaging. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-8BJP has previously published an Imaging in Pharmacology themed section, edited by A Davenport and C Daly. To view this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2010.159.issue-4
Systems that support decision makers: description and analysis

A Framework for DSS Research and Practice. Describing DSS: A Three-Tiered Approach. System Restrictiveness. Decisional Guidance. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.
The world on a cross of gold

For many years, the yin and yang of the debate about the causes of the Great Depression were The Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz (1963), and Peter Temin’s 1976 book, Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression? As all monetary economists know, in their book Friedman and Schwartz made the Depression a central case study in support of their contention that, historically, monetary instability has been a major source of fluctuations in the real economy. In their famous chapter on the ‘Great Contraction’, which was later released as a separate volume, Friedman and Schwartz attributed the collapse of production and prices in the United States particularly the disastrous 1931-33 slide to a precipitous decline in the U.S. money supply. The proximate cause of this monetary contraction was not any direct action by the monetary authorities, but rather a series of severe banking crises: Between late 1930 and early 1933, spasmodic panics induced the public to convert deposits into currency, raising the aggregate currency-deposit ratio and causing a decline in the ratio of inside money to the monetary base. Despite the largely unintended nature of the monetary contraction, however, Friedman and Schwartz placed the major portion of blame for the Depression on the shoulders of the Federal Reserve, which
A novel BDNF gene promoter directs expression to skeletal muscle

Background Cell-specific expression of the gene that encodes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the normal development of peripheral sensory neurons and efficient synaptic transmission in the mature central and peripheral nervous system. The control of BDNF gene expression involves multiple tissue and cell-specific promoters that are differentially regulated. The molecular mechanisms that are responsible for tissue and cell-specific expression of these promoters are still incompletely understood.
Gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from pseudomonas. Purification, characterization, and comparison of the enzymes from Pseudomonas testosteroni and Pseudomonas acidovorans

The 3-hydroxybenzoate inducible gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases have been purified to homogeneity from P. acidovorans and P. testosteroni, the two divergent species of the acidovorans group of Pseudomonas. Both enzymes exhibit a 40-fold higher specific activity than previous preparations and have an (alpha Fe)4 quaternary structure (holoenzyme Mr = 164,000 and 158,000, respectively). The enzymes have different amino terminal sequences, amino acid contents, and isoelectric points. Each enzyme contains essential active site iron that is EPR silent but binds nitric oxide quantitatively to give an EPR active complex (S = 3/2), showing that the iron is Fe2+ with coordination sites for exogenous ligands. The EPR spectra of these complexes are altered uniquely for each enzyme when gentisate is bound. This suggests that substrate binds to or near the iron and shows that the substrate-iron interactions of each enzyme are subtly different. The kinetic parameters for turnover of gentisate by the enzymes are nearly identical (kcat/Km = 4.3 x 10(6) s-1 M-1). Both enzymes cleave a wide range of gentisate analogs substituted in the 3 or 4 ring position, although at reduced rates relative to gentisate. Of the two enzymes, P. testosteroni gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase exhibits substantially lower kcat/Km values for the turnover of these compounds. Evidence for both steric and electronic substituent effects is obtained. In accord with the results of Wheelis et al. (Wheelis, M. L., Palleroni, N. J., and Stanier, R. Y. (1967) Arch. Mikrobiol. 59, 302-314), 3-hydroxybenzoate is shown to be metabolized by P. acidovorans through the gentisate pathway, and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase is the only ring cleavage dioxygenase induced. In contrast, 3-hydroxybenzoate is metabolized by P. testosteroni exclusively through the protocatechuate pathway utilizing protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase, although gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase is coinduced. Growth of P. testosteroni on 3-O-methylbenzoate or 5-O-methylsalicylate is shown to result in a approximately 10-fold increase in the amount of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase relative to protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase. Together, these results suggest that induction of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase by 3-hydroxybenzoate in P. testosteroni may be adventitious and that this enzyme may function in fundamentally different metabolic pathways in the two related Pseudomonas species.
Long‐term safety and tolerability profile of ezetimibe and atorvastatin coadministration therapy in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia

Long-term safety and tolerability of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin (EZE + ATV) coadministration therapy were compared to those of ATV monotherapy in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Upon completion of a 12 week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing EZE 10 mg; ATV 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg; EZE + ATV 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg or placebo, 246 patients were enrolled in a 12-month extension, with reassignment to double-blind EZE 10 mg (n = 201) or matching placebo (n = 45) coadministered daily with open-label ATV 10 mg. At intervals of 6 weeks, patients not at National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals were titrated to the next higher ATV dose. Safety evaluations included adverse event (AE) reports and laboratory test results. EZE + ATV and ATV monotherapy groups were similar with regard to incidence of all AEs (71 vs. 67%), treatment-related AEs (22 vs. 27%) and discontinuations due to AEs (9 vs. 7%) or treatment-related AEs (6 vs. 7%), respectively. Neither clinically significant elevations in hepatic transaminases or creatine kinase nor any cases of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis were observed in either group during the extension study. After 6 weeks, EZE + ATV 10mg produced greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; -53 vs. -37%), total cholesterol (TC; -38.8 vs. -26.0%) and triglycerides (TG; -28 vs. -12%) and similar increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.6 vs. 4.5%) compared to ATV 10 mg, respectively, and these changes were maintained and significant at 1 year (p < 0.01 for LDL-C, TC and TG). More EZE + ATV patients achieved LDL-C goal than ATV patients at study endpoint (91 vs. 78%, respectively; p = 0.02). Thus, the coadministration of EZE + ATV for 12 months was well tolerated and more efficacious than ATV monotherapy.
Context Matters: Schools and the "Research to Practice Gap" in Children's Mental Health

Reviews have identified mental health interventions that are relevant to schools; unfortunately, this research pays insufficient attention to the school context. Several aspects of school context l...
Radioangiographic measurement of the internal diameters of the uteroplacental arteries in rhesus monkeys.

The internal diameters of successive anatomic segments of the uteroplacental arteries in Macaca mulatta were measured at 100 to 150days' gestation. Although the absolute values vary widely, the proportional relationships between segments are uniform from animal to animal and from one time in gestation to another. We also observed that each of the two uterine arteries supplies a restricted portion of the placenta with little overlap, that there is predominance of one uterine artery over the other in the number of placental lobes supplied, and that two radial arteries occasionally contribute to a single spiral artery, giving rise to an anastomotic loop.
Carcinosarcomas (Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor) of the Uterus: Advances in Elucidation of Biologic and Clinical Characteristics

Carcinosarcoma of the uterus (malignant mixed Mullerian tumor [MMMT]) is an uncommon, typically extremely aggressive neoplasm histologically composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal (stromal) elements. Although the literature contains some debate, most authors now agree that most MMMTs derive from sarcomatous differentiation in a high-grade carcinoma. This article reviews the clinical and histopathologic features of this interesting neoplasm, with particular emphasis on recent data supporting MMMTs as primarily epithelial malignant neoplasms with areas of mesenchymal/spindle cell differentiation.
An Analysis of Drill Geometry for Optimum Drill Design by Computer. Part I—Drill Geometry Analysis

A comprehensive analysis of the twist drill point geometry is made in order that the high-speed digital computer can be used as an aid in the design of a drill. This subject is treated in two parts. In Part I, the drill geometry is analyzed with respect to the drill flute and flank contours by considering cross sections of the drill cut by planes perpendicular to its axis. Since several important drill angles are defined in planes inclined to the drill axis, the analysis is extended to cover the general case where the drill is cut by any plane inclined to its axis.
Do good things come to those who drink? A longitudinal investigation of drinking expectancies and hazardous alcohol use in female college athletes.

Abstract Purpose To prospectively examine the link between positive and negative drinking expectancies and hazardous alcohol use, and to explore the reciprocal associations between expectancies and hazardous use among female college athletes. Method Participants were part of a larger (n = 189), ongoing longitudinal study on female athletes’ socialization experiences and health behaviors from an all-women’s college in the Northeastern United States. The sample for the present study were 85 college-aged (17–22 years) female students (Mean age = 19.6) who indicated alcohol use in the past year and provided data at both time points (baseline and one year later). Respondents completed self-report questionnaires on their age, hazardous alcohol use, and expectations about the effects of drinking. Results Logistic regression analyses showed that positive drinking expectancies predicted increased odds of hazardous alcohol use at baseline and one year later (even after controlling for baseline hazardous use). Positive expectancies accounted for a higher proportion of variance in predicting increased odds of hazardous alcohol use at both time points than did negative expectancies. Bivariate correlational analyses examining the bi-directional associations between expectancies and hazardous alcohol use also revealed some indication that positive expectancies were associated with hazardous alcohol use rather than vice-versa. No such relations emerged for negative expectancies. Conclusions Findings shed light on the utility of positive expectancies in predicting concurrent and subsequent hazardous alcohol use among female student-athletes. Future research directions and potential implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
Maturity policies of CEO severance contracts and forced internal turnover

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of executive severance contract maturity policies on the likelihood of forced turnover and the length of tenure for CEOs who are forced from their positions.Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes logistic and accelerated failure time models to test the hypothesis that severance contracts decrease information asymmetries resulting in an increased likelihood of forced turnover and a shortened tenure for those CEOs who are forced out.Findings – The results provide evidence that fixed‐term severance contracts increase the likelihood of forced tenure and decrease the length of tenure for CEOs who experience a forced turnover during the period, while time‐independent contracts do not.Research limitations/implications – The limitation is the possibility that an omitted variable jointly determines the likelihood of the presence of a severance contract and the effect on forced turnover. Future research should investigate other possibilities...
EXCHANGE INTERACTION BETWEEN CONDUCTION ELECTRONS AND MAGNETIC SHELL ELECTRONS IN RARE-EARTH METALS

The interaction Hamiltonian for the Coulomb exchange effect between conduction electrons and magnetic-shell electrons in rare-earth metals was derived from first principles. The approximations under which the interaction can be represented by the product of electron and ion spin vectors are exhibited. (auth)
Alterations of duodenal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein content and calcium uptake in brush border membrane vesicles in aged Wistar rats: role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Previously we reported that uptake of Ca2+ in cells isolated from rat duodenum declined in senescence. In this paper we examined the possible mechanisms for this age-related defect. Duodenal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein decreased steadily from 3-12 months (mo), followed by a minimal decline at 24 mo. On the contrary, Ca2+ uptake was not different in 3-, 6-, and 12-mo-old rats. A significant decline of Ca2+ uptake was observed at 24 mo. ATP contents in duodenal cells from 6- and 24-mo-old rats were not different. This suggests that the metabolic status of the duodenal cells was not the cause of the change in Ca2+ uptake. Ca2+ uptake activity was significantly lower in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from 24-mo-old rats than in those from 6-mo-old rats. The decrease in Ca2+ uptake activity in old rats was not due to a change in the Ca2+-binding capacity of the membranes. Kinetic analysis shows that the Vmaz, the apparent maximum uptake capacity of membrane vesicles, decreased in senes...
Semantic Drift in Conversations

The lability of the meaning of words has been a longstanding topic in ethnomethodology, and this review provides many specific details while analyzing the drift of the sense of words over the course of naturally occurring conversations. Ethnomethodologists do not see equivocality in the meaning of words merely as a problem for members, but they recognize that it is a resource for parties in their organizing the local interaction. Through the use of many concrete illustrations, an account of this pervasive phenomenon makes clear just-how sense develops, evolves over the course of an interaction, and is used to organize the local orderliness. Some ethnomethods used by parties to tame the developing sense for practical purposes are described and analyzed. Especially, the reflexive properties of sense-establishment are identified and described, along with their material details, and the opportunism of parties in taking advantage of the semiotic play of their talk is summarized. Finally, the components of a model for analyzing communication intersubjectively are presented.
The Search for Ancestors: A Swedish-American Family Saga

A metaphor for the Swedish migration to America in the mid-nineteenth century, the Sven Svensson family, traced here by historian H. Arnold Barton, a descendant, provides a model for genealogical research with which all persons interested in ancestors can identify and from which anyone can learn.The field of migration history has taken on new importance as a result of accelerating interest in ethnicity and genealogical research. Though a family history, and in a sense an inner voyage of self-discovery, the search for ancestors told here reveals the broader contours of Swedish and American history in the nineteenth century."The Search for Ancestors "is a microanalysis of those social, economic, and cultural developments that led to the gradual breakup of an ancient way of life in the Swedish countryside and the migration of growing numbers of Swedish peasants across the Atlantic to America.Barton s personal odyssey took him to Gowrie, Iowa, the heart of Swedish America, and to the province of Smaland in southern Sweden. Research in the Swedish Statistical Central Bureau in Stockholm, contacts with emigration historians in Stockholm, and search in Swedish provincial and national archives, finally gave him the impressive mass of information and statistical data with which to chart his family s historyover four centuries, back to the 1530s.A kind of history with the works showing or do-it-yourself genealogical kit, the book will be fascinating as well as informative for general readers as well as students of history."
Lysozyme Retention by Cockroach Periplaneta americana L.

Blood from the cockroach Periplaneta americana usually does not react with a suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. When lysozyme is added to the mixture it causes an immediate reduction in the optical density at 450 nanometers which is soon followed by a strong rise. Blood from roaches injected with lysozyme causes a similar series of changes in the optical density of a suspension of M. lysodeikticus, an indication that lysozyme has been retained in the blood. It may persist for many days or weeks.
EMOTIONAL AWARENESS AND COUPLES' RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION

This study examined the role of emotional awareness in couples' relationships and the effects of a tendency to respond to difficult couples' situations with "soft" emotions (including sadness and fear) versus "hard" emotions (including anger and resentment). Participants were 56 heterosexual couples who completed a measure of relationship satisfaction and two measures of emotional awareness, including one that was developed as part of this study. Results indicated that women were more emotionally aware than men in response to couples' situations, but not in response to general situations outside the relationship. In addition, higher levels of emotional awareness and a higher awareness of "hard" emotions were associated with decreased relationship satisfaction for women, but not for men. Discrepancy between partners' levels of awareness was related to lower satisfaction for both men and women.
Increased risk of breakthrough infection among cytomegalovirus donor-positive/recipient-negative kidney transplant recipients receiving lower-dose valganciclovir prophylaxis.

Objective We compared the effectiveness of lower-dose (LD) (450 mg/day for 6 months) to standard-dose (SD) (900 mg/day for 6 months) valganciclovir (VGCV) prophylaxis for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in high-risk CMV donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+/R−) kidney recipients. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study, in a 750-bed academic medical center, involving a total of 90 evaluable CMV high-risk kidney recipients. All patients were retrospectively followed from day of transplantation to November 1, 2012, or to the development of CMV infection or disease, death, or loss to follow-up. CMV screening was only done if suggestive symptoms or abnormal laboratory values were present. Our immunosuppressive protocol otherwise did not differ between periods. Results In total, 45 consecutive eligible patients initiated SD prophylaxis in the 22 months before the institutional protocol change regarding CMV prophylaxis. One patient developed CMV infection in the setting of non-adherence. In the 16 months after the protocol update, 45 consecutive eligible patients receiving LD prophylaxis were evaluated: 6 developed CMV infection while receiving prophylaxis (P = 0.11). Ganciclovir (GCV)-resistant infection was confirmed in 1 patient in the LD prophylaxis group. Late-onset CMV infection or disease occurred in 11 patients (24%) in the SD group and in 12 patients (27%) in the LD group (P = 0.86). More patients in the SD group developed leukopenia (75% vs. 44%, P < 0.01). During the study period, no significant differences were seen between the groups in mean mg/kg exposure to rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin induction courses, mean tacrolimus troughs, number of rejection episodes, mean estimated renal function, graft survival, or patient survival. Overall mean follow-up (± standard deviation) was 357 days (± 53) in the SD group and 320 days (± 103) in the LD group (P = 0.03). Conclusion Breakthrough CMV infection while receiving VGCV prophylaxis occurred more often after the institutional protocol revision to LD VGCV prophylaxis. Given our concern for increased risk of breakthrough infection and GCV resistance when prophylaxis is under-dosed, our institutional protocols were revised back to SD prophylaxis for all CMV D+/R− kidney transplant recipients.
Future forms of immunotherapy

Allergic respiratory diseases affect approximately 15% of the US population. Allergen immunotherapy has been a treatment option for diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and venom allergy for the last 100 years. During the first 75 years, conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy did not change much. However, the last 25 years has seen substantial growth in the development of alternatives to conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy. The addition of omalizumab, an anti-IgE mAb, to immunotherapy offers the potential for increased safety and efficacy. Activation of the innate immune system through Toll-like receptor agonists with and without specific allergens appears to improve the immunologic responses and clinical outcomes in patients with allergic diseases. The use of chemically altered allergens, allergoids, recombinant allergens, and relevant T-cell epitope peptides are all approaches that have yielded positive results. Finally, alternative modes of delivery hold promise, with sublingual immunotherapy rapidly approaching mainstream use in many countries. One thing is clear: the next century of immunotherapy will be vastly different from today's current standard of care.
The scaffolded mind: Higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world

It has long been a staple of psychological theory that early life experiences significantly shape the adult's understanding of and reactions to the social world. Here we consider how early concept development along with evolved motives operating early in life can come to exert a passive, unconscious influence on the human adult's higher-order goal pursuits, judgments, and actions. In particular, we focus on concepts and goal structures specialized for interacting with the physical environment (e.g., distance cues, temperature, cleanliness, and self-protection), which emerge early and automatically as a natural part of human development and evolution. It is proposed that via the process of scaffolding, these early sensorimotor experiences serve as the foundation for the later development of more abstract concepts and goals. Experiments using priming methodologies reveal the extent to which these early concepts serve as the analogical basis for more abstract psychological concepts, such that we come easily and naturally to speak of close relationships, warm personalities, moral purity, and psychological pain. Taken together, this research demonstrates the extent to which such foundational concepts are capable of influencing people's information processing, affective judgments, and goal pursuit, oftentimes outside of their intention or awareness.
In situ Hybridization Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Evidence that Striatal Projection Neurons Co-containing Substance P and Enkephalin are Overrepresented in the Striosomal Compartment of Striatum in Rats

In a prior study, we showed that the few striatal projection neurons that contain both substance P (SP) and enkephalin (ENK) in rats may preferentially project to the substantia nigra pars compacta. Since striatal neurons that project to the pars compacta are thought to preferentially reside in the striosomal compartment, we investigated if striatal neurons that contain both SP and ENK are preferentially localized to the patch compartment. We used in situ hybridization histochemistry to double-label sections for SP and ENK to identify SP/ENK co-containing neurons, and immunolabeling of adjacent sections for the mu opiate receptor (MOR) to define the striosomal compartment. We found that 32.3% of neurons containing both SP and ENK were localized to the striosomal compartment, which itself only made up 12.8% of the striatum. Our results further showed that the density of neurons co-containing SP and ENK was three-fold higher in striosomes than in the matrix compartment. These results are consistent with the notion that SP/ENK colocalizing neurons preferentially project to pars compacta, and these and our prior results additionally raise the possibility that neurons of this type in the striatal matrix may also project to the pars compacta.