cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crossing Methodological Borders: Decolonizing Community-Based Participatory Research

To advance socially just research, scholars—including those who utilize qualitative methodologies—must confront the colonizing reputation that frames such work in Indigenous communities. This artic...
Treatment of Listeriosis

OBJECTIVE:To review the most currently accepted treatment options for the treatment of listeriosis.DATA SOURCES:Clinical literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–October 1999). Key search terms included Li steria monocytogenes, food-borne illness, penicillins, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and vancomycin.DATA SYNTHESIS:Listeriosis is mainly a food-borne illness caused by L. monocytogenes;people most prone to the disease are pregnant women, newborns, elderly, and those with HIV or other diseases compromising immunity. Listeria infections are associated with a high mortality rate, and thus effective antibiotic treatment is essential. Although a variety of antibiotics have activity against the organism, ampicillin alone or in combination with gentamicin remains the treatment of choice. Some patients may require alternative therapies due to allergies or certain disease states. Second-line agents for these cases include trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, vancomycin, and the fluoroquinolones...
Regime Equations and Tidal Inlets

Selected regime equations for stable channel cross-sectional areas are compared to an empirical relationship for stable tidal inlet areas. Using an equivalent steady discharge to represent the tidal flow, good agreement is exhibited between the most generalized regime and a tidal prism versus area formula. Although the controlling hydraulic conditions in each case are distinctly unique, the agreement appears to be more than fortuitous.
Content Management for the Live Music Industry in Virtual Worlds: Challenges and Opportunities

The real-world music industry is undergoing a transition away from the retailing and distribution of fixed objects (records, files) to the consumption of live, interactive events (concerts, happenings). This development is paralleled by the recent flourishing of live music in virtual worlds, which in many ways could become the epitome of its real-world counterpart. For the artists, virtual concerts are cheap and easy to organize, and can therefore be a viable alternative to performing in the real world. For the music promoter and marketer, virtual concert attendance can be traced and analyzed more easily than in the real world. For the virtual concertgoer, attending concerts that are happening a (virtual) world away is possible with a single click. Taking insights from both a survey among the Second-Life music practitioners and from our own prototype of a live music recommendation system built on top of Second-Life, this article shows that the technical infrastructure of current virtual worlds is not well-suited to the development of the content management tools needed to support this opportunity. We propose several new ways to address these problems, and advocate for their recognition both by the artistic and the technical community.
GIANT-CELL TUMOR OF BONE. AN ANALYSIS AND FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE FORTY-ONE CASES OBSERVED AT THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BETWEEN 1925 AND 1960.

1. Forty-one giant-cell tumors of bone observed at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1925 and 1960 have been presented. There were thirty-one Grade I and ten Grade II tumors. 2. Eleven of the patients were under twenty years of age. 3. The over-all recurrence rate for Grade I tumors was 48 per cent and for Grade II tumors, 70 per cent. 4. On the basis of this study we recommend total excision, if surgically feasible, as the treatment of choice. When total excision is not feasible, curettage is advised with an expected recurrence in more than half of the patients. Radiation alone or combined with curettage or partial excision produced remarkably inferior results in this series. 5. Four of the forty-one tumors underwent fibrosarcomatous transformation, two of ten Grade II tumors and two of thirty-one Grade I tumors. Thus, the incidence of malignant degeneration was three times higher in the Grade II tumors. There was little evidence to suggest definite relationship between irradiation and malignant transformation. Sarcoma developed in only two of the sixteen patients receiving radiation treatment. However, the follow-up on several of these patients is relatively short. 6. Six of the forty-one patients had sacral tumors. These tumors had a poor prognosis and a higher incidence of malignant transformation than lesions in other locations.
Environmental scanning as a moderator of strategy–performance relationships: an empirical analysis of physical therapy facilities

To date, strategic management research in health care is largely confined to the acute care sector of the industry. This research examines the linkages among environmental scanning, competitive strategy and performance in physical therapy facilities. Nontrivial differences between acute and subacute care firms suggest the role of environmental scanning may change in non-acute care settings. Consistent with previous research, these results indicate that the frequency of internal and external scanning is related to the strategic orientation of physical therapy facilities. Contrary to the expectations, broader scope of scanning is positively related to an increasing market-focused and increasing efficiency strategic orientation. A key objective of the research is to test the impact of strategy/scanning alignment on facility performance. These findings support predictions on the moderating role of scanning activities in the strategy-performance relationship. However, a paradoxical pattern of results has possible implications for clinician managers in subacute care settings as well as the interpretation of scanning activities.
Computation of unsteady flows around oscillating blades and aeroelasticity behavior

Unsteady flows around oscillating blades are computed using a multigrid time-accurate Navier-Stokes solver. A finite-volume discretization is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes equations in space. A second-order implicit time-discretization scheme is reformulated so that an efficient explicit multistage scheme with local time stepping, residual smoothing, and multigrid can be used to accelerate convergence within each unsteady time step. The conventional 'Direct Store' method is used to apply the phase-shifted periodic boundary conditions. A Euler solution is obtained for unsteady subsonic flows induced by an oscillating flat plate cascade; the unsteady pressure jumps across the blade are compared with results based on linear theories. Unsteady viscous flows over a supersonic compressor cascade are computed with both the Baldwin-Lomax model and a two-equation k-omega turbulence model. The moment and damping coefficients are calculated and compared with experimental data. (Author)
Paramagnetic spin seebeck effect.

A spin current is experimentally generated in various insulating paramagnets using thermal gradients, a surprising result as, unlike ferromagnetic insulators, paramagnets do not hold their magnetization when the applied field is removed.
Ophthalmologic Concerns in Abusive Head Trauma

When Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) is suspected in a child, a dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist is an essential part of the medical workup, as the presence and pattern of retinal hemorrhages can have a high positive predictive rate for abusive head injury. This article proposes to review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, natural history, sequelae, and differential diagnosis of retinal hemorrhages and other ocular lesions associated with AHT.
New Agents, New Trials, New Solutions

Dramatic advances in biological understanding, coupled with improved knowledge about appropriate clinical trial design and transformation of the healthcare system into a business paradigm, have created a dynamic situation for evaluating new therapies for patients with acute ischemic syndromes. Multiple avenues for alteration of the basic components of acute ischemia are possible, ranging from manipulation of the coagulation system to stabilization of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. The trials required to demonstrate a role for such therapies must involve large numbers of patients and must measure clinical outcomes rather than pathophysiological surrogates. Given the increasing restriction of the rate of growth of funding for medical care, it is more important than ever that new therapies demonstrate cost effectiveness and practical feasibility. While current clinical trials focus on thrombolytic agents, antithrombin agents, and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, future trials will address multiple other biological targets. The clinical community bears the responsibility of developing methods to rapidly assess these potential advances.
Charts for probabilistic design of strip footings in cohesionless soils

Design charts that enable quick determination of the probability distribution parameters related to the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on (c = 0) soils are developed. These charts are intended to assist foundation designers and analysts in studying the reliability of structures as related to the capacity of the foundation system. The approach presented herein provides a more reliable alternative to foundation design and analysis than the current conventional design procedure which employs the assumption of an appropriate factor-of-safety. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
Eating Good and Moving Like We Should: A Consideration for Registered Dietitians in Schools

Background: While teachers and school nurses may not be able to provide nutrition education to students because of their other duties, registered dietitians have the necessary training in counseling, nutrition education, nutrition therapy, and food service management to be effective at childhood obesity prevention. Objectives: The purpose of eating good and moving like we should (EGMLWS), a school-based intervention, was to create a successful program to prevent and reduce childhood obesity in the Mississippi Delta by providing nutrition education by a registered dietitian. Methods: The subjects were 1,891 third (school year 2012 - 2013) and fourth graders (2013 - 2014) in 7 Mississippi schools in the north Mississippi River Delta region. The school-based nutrition and physical activity education program was designed to address overweight and obesity in the Mississippi Delta and north Mississippi regions by helping children make healthier nutrition and physical activity choices. The registered dietitian provided nutrition education and consulted to make school menus healthier and more appealing. Pre-and post-school year heights and weights were measured. Results: Paired t-tests showed significantly lowered mean BMI in 5 schools (P < 0.05); no change in 2 schools and no change over all schools, although all schools had individuals with decreased BMI. Conclusions: School-based nutrition interventions that feature a registered dietitian can make an impact. The EGMLWS program improved the nutrition knowledge and nutrition-related attitudes of north Mississippi Delta third and fourth graders and significantly improved BMI in 5 of 7 schools.
Caring for Children by Supporting Parents.

Supporting children’s health and development often starts with supporting parents. A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report aims to inform the development of a framework for policies, practices, and research to strengthen parents’ capacity to nurture young children.
Adaptation Nation: Three Pivotal Transitions in American Law & Society Since 1886 (The Henry Lecture, University of Oklahoma Law School)

Drawing on perspectives from administrative law as well as the study of law and development, this article analyzes three important transitions in American law and society since the Chicago Haymarket Square Riot of 1886. First, between the Haymarket Square Riot and 1950, the United States made great strides in the use and capacity of its institutions. At the outset, Americans lived in what could be reasonably described as a developing country constrained by violent labor conflicts, fragile institutions, and economic uncertainty. By the end of this period the United States was a preeminent global power making routine use of courts and agencies to resolve societal disputes. Second, in the latter half of the twentieth century and the early twenty-first century, Americans saw their country experience major demographic changes arising from the United States' distinctive approach to immigration. To implement its approach to immigration following the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act amendments, the United States relied on an elaborate mechanism for administrative adjudication and enforcement on a massive scale, as well as a more decentralized arrangement of regionally-based integration that could further both social cohesion and geopolitical aims. And third, the United States now faces emerging governance and regulatory challenges as technological developments involving networked computers and so-called “artificial intelligence” increasingly affect society and the nature of work. Once associated with the public contracting infrastructure used to support defense-related research and development, this transition is now catalyzing interest in regulatory and liability-related frameworks to govern the division of responsibility between human decision-makers and machine intelligence. I reflect on some of the similarities and differences associated with these transitions. I place them in the context of related legal developments, and assess what they reveal about the United States’ historical legacies and arrangements for pluralist governance. Ultimately, an understanding of these transitions provides not only indispensable context for the United States’ early twenty-first century institutional dilemmas, but also an appreciation of how a pivotal geopolitical power adapted to forge –– however imperfectly –– legal arrangements incorporating norms of non-arbitrariness in different settings where law affects development.
Examining relationships between total silver concentration and Sil silver resistance genes in domestic wastewater treatment plants

AIMS: The overarching aims of this study were to determine if microbes found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) carry silver resistance genes and ascertain whether a relationship exists between silver loading and sil silver resistance gene copy numbers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Activated sludge samples were collected from 17 WWTPs across the United States and characterized for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total silver concentration. Gene copy numbers were quantified using qPCR for four common silver resistance genes (silC, silP, silR and silS). Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between three WWTP characteristics (i.e. size, COD and total silver concentration) and sil gene copy numbers. sil genes were found in all activated sludge samples, however the quantity of gene copy numbers was inconsistent. Of the sil genes screened, silS was the most abundant, followed by silR. Gene copy numbers for silC and silP were generally similar and overall lower than silS and silR. CONCLUSIONS: Neither individual or combined sil gene copy numbers correlated significantly with total silver concentration, suggesting either the presence of alternate mechanisms of silver resistance or that a critical silver concentration threshold within WWTPs was not met that would require specific resistance against silver. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THIS STUDY: To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies to measure the prevalence of sil genes in engineered systems. Results from this study suggest that at least four silver resistance genes are commonly found within WWTP‐activated sludge, however it is unclear if these genes are being expressed under current total silver loadings.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Experience Among Mexican American Women.

Introduction:Health disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors affect a burgeoning segment of the U.S. population—Mexican American (MA) women. MAs experience disparities in the prevalence o...
THE FITTING OF A CUBIC MODEL TO A THREE COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT A Volterra-type model of a three-component environmental system with cubic interactions is used to test a fitting algorithm that employs a least-squares criterion and that was tested previously by the author on quadratic models with three and four components.
MICROBES AND MARKETS: WAS THE BLACK DEATH AN ECONOMIC REVOLUTION?

Recent papers have suggested that the Industrial Revolution in Europe ultimately derives from the labor scarce economy of northwest Europe, which some trace back to the Black Death [Voigtlander and Voth (2013a) and Allen (2011)]. This paper examines the effects of the Black Death in England. Specifically, did it merely change relative factor prices, or did it lead to lasting gains in the efficiency of the economy after 1348? Extensive wage and price data from England 1210–1800 suggest that the population losses of the Black Death were associated with a surprising increase in economic efficiency, despite the decline in the scale of the economy. But this efficiency gain disappeared when population rose again in the 16th century. There is no sign of a connection between a labor scarce economy, and a switch to faster long run economic growth through technological advance.
Abstracts from the 2014 Research and Thesis Poster Session 49th Annual American Dance Therapy Association Conference

s from the 2014 Research and Thesis Poster Session 49th Annual American Dance Therapy Association Conference Editors: ADTA Research Subcommittee of the Education, Research and Practice Committee
Drivers of liking for reduced sodium potato chips and puffed rice

Reducing the amount of sodium in food products is necessary in decreasing the prevalence of hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. There is a lack of information on sodium reduction in potato chips and puffed rice, which comprise a large percentage of salty snack sales, and the use of flavor enhancers to maintain consumer acceptability of these products. The objective of this study was to identify drivers of liking for potato chip and puffed rice samples seasoned with differing sodium and flavor enhancer concentrations using sensory descriptive analysis and acceptance data. Eleven trained panelists evaluated the snacks and found eight significantly different attributes for potato chips and seven significantly different attributes for puffed rice. To better understand how these differences in samples play a role in sample liking, the descriptive analysis data were correlated with the data from a consumer test through preference mapping. For potato chips, consumers liked samples characterized by meaty aftertaste, aroma, aroma-by-mouth, and umami aftertaste. Consumers disliked samples with a strong raw potato aroma. For puffed rice, consumers liked samples with attributes of crunchy texture, garlic aftertaste, and savory aftertaste and disliked bitter aftertaste and chili powder aroma-by-mouth. These findings imply acceptance of sodium-reduced potato chips and puffed rice is possible by focusing on these identified drivers of liking. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our findings suggest the addition of flavor enhancers maintains or improves the palatability of reduced sodium products with eight attributes influencing liking of potato chips and seven attributes influencing liking of puffed rice. Understanding the sensory attributes that impact the acceptance of reduced sodium products will allow for these attributes to be the focus during product development, which may result in increased sales of reduced sodium snacks, thus decreasing sodium consumption from snack products.
If ineffective levels of transforming growth factors and their receptor account for old age being a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, then increasing TGFBR2 might be therapeutic

If it is correct that ineffective levels of transforming growth factors beta and their receptor account for old age being a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), then increasing TGFBR2 might be therapeutic. Pacltaxel is a direct way to increase TGFBR2 levels. Indirect ways that will increase TGFBR2, include decreasing the levels of c-myc because that will lower the miRNA cluster 17-92, particularly its miR-17 and miR-20a components; and raising EGFR because that also will increase TGFBR2. Metformin and desferrioxamine are drugs that decrease c-myc; and statins increase levels of EGF. Clinical trials using those drugs, would demonstrate whether they decrease the progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to AD.
Tracing Extremes across Iconic Desert Landscapes: Socio-Ecological and Cultural Responses to Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and Wildflower Superblooms

California’s remote Anza-Borrego Desert, like other desert landscapes across the southwest of the United States, is valued by scientists, resource managers, and tourists alike for its perceived exceptional extremity. We analyze how climate extremes shape biological, socioeconomic, and cultural life through one of the desert’s most iconic ecological events: spring wildflower superblooms. Quantitative data relating wildflower superblooms and tourist visitation to interannual climate variation are at the center of our analysis, with additional literature review and qualitative ethnographic data used to lend context and engage deeply with the significance of the quantitative findings for local communities. Monthly visitation rates tracked precipitation, peaking during the end of the winter growing season when wildflowers reach peak bloom. Visitation more than doubled during the wettest years, corresponding to wildflower abundance and superbloom media coverage. Wildflower superblooms and extreme environmental events are socially and culturally significant in the desert communities. They loom large in memory, shape regular seasonal activities and attachment to place, and feature in local conflicts over resource management and planning for sustainable futures. Overall, we demonstrate how gateway communities contend with the desert’s ephemeral nature, and how climate change creates new and different extremes in these iconic desert landscapes.
Chapter 4 – The Attenuated Total Reflection Method

Publisher Summary Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) is essentially a technique for determining the optical constants of thin-film samples that includes the refractive index and the absorption coefficient. It differs from other better-known procedures—such as ellipsometry and reflectometry, in the respect that ATR probes the sample with an evanescent wave rather than a collimated beam of light. Evanescent waves near an interface decay away exponentially over a distance comparable to the wavelength. There is no energy transport across the interface, and thus the reflectivity is unity. However, for very specific conditions, an evanescent wave can be made to interact with the material in its field and energy can be transported. In this case, the reflectivity is lesser than unity and hence the term “attenuated total reflectivity.” The ATR technique is useful not only to obtain the optical constants of thin films, but more generally to study a variety of surface phenomena. The chapter presents examples from recent literature to exemplify its versatility and its limitations.
Basic Methods of Solving Linear Difference Equations

In this chapter we will present the basic methods of solving linear difference equations, and primarily with constant coefficients. The discrete Fourier Transforms method as well as the z-transform method will be covered in Chapters 4, 5, and 6, respectively. As this book covers mainly linear difference equations, some nonlinear equations are presented for merely exposing the reader to a very particular class of problems that are amenable to special methods which produce solutions in closed form. Such problems are presented as exercises with ample hints at the end of Section 3.6 exercises in Chapter 3.
The volatile budget of Hawaiian magmatism: Constraints from melt inclusions from Haleakala volcano, Hawaii

Abstract Pre-eruptive volatile contents recorded by melt inclusions from ocean island settings such as Hawaii constrain the extent of deep Earth outgassing on geologic timescales by mantle plume activity. However, melt inclusions trapped from a partially degassed magma will not reflect the original volatile content of the primary melt, and relatively silicic (>45 wt% SiO2) shield-stage tholeiites are more likely to have been affected by degassing during fractionation at shallow depths. In contrast, magmas associated with post-shield volcanoes erupt volatile-rich melts that ascend quickly from the source region and crystallize in deep reservoirs. As a result, melt inclusions from post-shield volcanoes may be more likely to preserve undegassed melt compositions that can be used to determine the primary melt and source volatile contents. In this study, we analyzed melt inclusions from Haleakala Volcano (East Maui, Hawaii) to estimate the volatile budget of Hawaiian post-shield magmas. Melt inclusions from Haleakala contain up to 1.3 wt% CO2, 1.2 wt% H2O, and about 2000 ppm S. We calculate that melts from Haleakala were derived from a parental melt with ~0.7 wt% H2O and ~0.7 wt% CO2 and experienced ~15–40% polybaric, fluid-saturated crystallization starting at 5–7 kbar. Post-shield melt inclusions from Haleakala have H2O/Ce and CO2/Ba compositions that are intermediate between shield-stage melt inclusions from Kilauea and the alkaline North Arch Volcanic Field, which is consistent with a scenario in which primary melts from Haleakala are influenced by the volatile-rich auto-metasomatized periphery of the composite plume source.
Abstract P700: Stroke in Lupus Spectrum Disorder: A Single-Center Case Series in the Kentucky Appalachian Region

Background: Lupus spectrum disorders (LSDs) encompass systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and mixed connective tissue disease. Neuro-vascular disor...
Tractography of the arcuate fasciculus in healthy right-handed and left-handed multilingual subjects and its relation to language lateralization on functional MRI.

Functional MRI (fMRI) enables evaluation of language cortical organization and plays a central role in surgical planning. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) or Tractography, allows evaluation of the white matter fibers involved in language. Unlike fMRI, DTI does not rely on the patient’s cooperation. In monolinguals, there is a significant correlation between the lateralization of language on fMRI and on DTI. Our objective is to delineate the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in right- and left-handed trilinguals and determine if the AF laterality on DTI is correlated to language lateralization on fMRI. 15 right and 15 left-handed trilingual volunteers underwent fMRI and DTI. Laterality Index was determined on fMRI (fMRI-LI). Mean Diffusivity, Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Number of Fibers, Fiber Length, Fiber Volume and Laterality Index (DTI-LI) of the AF were calculated on DTI. 28 of the 30 subjects presented a bilateral AF. Most subjects (52%) were found to have a bilateral language lateralization of the AF on DTI. Only 4 subjects had bilateral lateralization of language on fMRI. The right AF demonstrated lower diffusivity than the left AF in the total participants, the right-handed, and the left-handed subjects. FA, Volume and Length of the AF were not significantly different between the two hemispheres. No correlation was found between the DTI-LI of the AF and the fMRI-LI. A prominent role of the right AF and a bilateral structural organization of the AF was present in our multilingual population regardless of their handedness. While in prior studies DTI was able to determine language lateralization in monolingual subjects, this was not possible in trilingual highly educated subjects.
Bacteria and archaea

Abstract Bacteria and archaea inhabit soils in great numbers, with a single gram of soil often containing up to a billion individuals representing thousands of species. Although both groups are prokaryotic, bacteria and archaea possess distinctive characteristics. These organisms are crucial to soil functioning and environmental quality. Many also interact intimately with higher organisms, forming beneficial symbioses, or causing disease. This chapter provides an overview of the morphological, metabolic, and genetic diversity present within soil bacteria and archaea and introduces some of their many ecological roles vital to life on Earth. Also introduced are some common approaches used for their enumeration and characterization.
Impact of national valsartan recalls on Veterans' outcomes.

Background and Aims:Chemical impurities discovered in angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) products in late 2018–2019 resulted in recalls of various products and has likely had downstream effects for...
Orbital Angular Momentum from Self-Assembled Concentric Nanoparticle Rings.

Ring-shaped nanostructures can focus, filter, and manipulate electromagnetic waves, but are challenging to incorporate into devices using standard nanofabrication techniques. Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) on lithographically patterned templates has successfully been used to fabricate concentric rings and spirals as etching masks. However, this method is limited by BCP phase behavior and material selection. Here, a straightforward approach to generate ring-shaped nanoparticle assemblies in thin films of supramolecular nanocomposites is demonstrated. DSA is used to guide the formation of concentric rings with radii spanning 150-1150 nm and ring widths spanning 30-60 nm. When plasmonic nanoparticles are used, ring nanodevice arrays can be fabricated in one step, and the completed devices produce high-quality orbital angular momentum (OAM). Nanocomposite DSA simplifies and streamlines nanofabrication by producing metal structures without etching or deposition steps; it also introduces interparticle coupling as a new design axis. Detailed analysis of the nanoparticle ring assemblies confirms that the supramolecular system self-regulates the spatial distribution of its components, and thus exhibits a degree of flexibility absent in DSA of BCPs alone, where structures are determined by polymer-pattern incommensurability. The present studies also provide guidelines for developing self-regulating DSA as an alternative to incommensurability-driven methods.
Robust Model Predictive Control with State Estimation under Set-Membership Uncertainty

Robust design of autonomous systems under uncertainty is an important and challenging problem. In practice, state disturbances and state estimation error may cause a controller to fail to accomplish its task or even to stabilize the system. In this paper, we propose a novel tube-based robust model predictive control design based on set-membership state estimation for constrained systems with unknown but bounded state and output disturbances. With more accurate and efficient error bounding methods, the proposed controller ensures robust constraint satisfaction, guarantees recursive feasibility and stability, generates less conservative behavior than the previous work, and scales well to high-dimensional robotic applications. Our simulated experiments on three different systems (double integrator, robotic walker, and quadrotor) demonstrate that the proposed controller is robust against a larger range of disturbances and results in superior closed-loop performance than baseline methods.
18 F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography has a low positive predictive value for detecting occult recurrence in asymptomatic patients with high-risk Stages IIB, IIC, and IIIA melanoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High recurrence rates of Stages II and IIIA melanoma make close follow-up essential, especially with new adjuvant therapies for metastatic disease. However, there are currently no consensus guidelines for routine imaging for Stages IIB, IIC, and IIIA melanoma. The study's aim is to determine the utility of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting asymptomatic recurrence of melanoma after primary surgical resection. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 158 patients with the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition Stages IIB, IIC, or IIIA cutaneous melanoma who underwent an 18 F-FDG PET/CT from 2010 to 2020. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data after a median follow-up time of 39 months. RESULTS We calculated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 32% (95% confidence interval: 11%-53%) for 154 routine PET/CTs, including six true positives and 13 false positives (FPs). PPV was 33% for Stage IIB, 50% for Stage IIC, and 14% for Stage IIIA. FPs were mostly benign or inflammatory foci (75%), and some other malignancies were found (21%). CONCLUSIONS This cohort of patients imaged for high-risk melanoma demonstrated a high FP rate and low PPV. These findings suggest that routine surveillance with 18 F-FDG PET/CT may not be indicated for monitoring recurrence in this population.
1-Bit Compressed Sensing

Quantization is an indispensable part of digital signal processing and digital communications systems. To incorporate CS methods in these systems, it is thus necessary to analyze and evaluate them considering the effect of measurement quantization.
Complications of Trigeminal Nerve Repair

Injuries to the terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve often heal spontaneously without medical or surgical intervention. In those patients that require treatment, there are a number of complications that may arise from care of these nerve injuries. These adverse sequelae may be at the site of nerve injury, at the nerve graft donor site, or related to the side effects of medications used for neuropathic pain or dysesthesia. In addition, the failure to achieve patient expectations of outcome, or surgeon expectations of success, is also a potentially avoidable but unfortunately a common complication. This chapter will attempt to address adverse outcomes of trigeminal nerve treatment including surgical site complications, donor site complications, and complications of medical management including systemic medications, local injections, or neuroablative techniques.
Dealing with Uncertainty about Risk in Risk Management

Conservative assumptions in risk analysis are shown to be protective of human health when the social costs of misestimation are highly asymmetrical, when risk management actions do not incur significant opportunity costs, when risk management actions do not lead to the substitution of significant new risks, and when risk managers do not compensate for perceived conservatisms when setting standards or making other risk management decisions. An issue central to the effect of systematically conservative assumptions is the ability of risk analyses to distinguish large risk from small risk; here it is argued that conservative assessments can fail to make adequate distinctions. The influence of these factors on the protectiveness of conservative analytical methods is examined.
Wealth, Inequality, and Democracy

The renewed debate over inequality has highlighted a set of deficits in much of the last fifty-plus years of thinking on the topic. The late twentieth-century tradition of thinking about distributive justice largely assumed (1) that market dynamics would produce stable and tolerable levels of inequality; and (2) that a relatively powerful, competent, and legitimate state could effectively redistribute to mitigate what inequality did arise. What was largely overlooked in this thought and has since risen to central attention is the prospect that (1) accelerating levels of market-produced inequality will (2) undermine the legitimacy and efficacy of the state and disable the political community from effectively pursuing distributive justice. This paper explains how the earlier assumptions arose, defined the boundaries of distributive justice for decades, and were undermined by developments from both the political left and the political right. At present, the dynamics of inequality appear to be self-perpetuating and self-accelerating, and much of earlier thinking on the topic has been rendered irrelevant by the erosion of its mistaken premises. Only a democratic effort to reconstitute a competent and legitimate state has any prospect of making inequality a tractable problem subject to effective intervention.
Rothbaum, Frederick M

Born December 24, 1949, Fred Rothbaum completed his undergraduate education at the University of Michigan in 1971 and received his Ph.D. in clinical and developmental psychology from Yale University in 1977. Keywords: acculturation; attachment; emotion; parenting
A PCR-Based Method for Gene Deletion and Protein Tagging in Trypanosoma brucei

Sequence information on the Trypanosoma brucei genome is rapidly accumulating. As a consequence, there is a need for techniques to analyze gene function systematically. Here, we describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for direct gene deletion and the generation of epitope-tagged fusion proteins. The approach is based on methodologies developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and involves PCR amplification of a reporter cassette using primers containing flanking sequences specific to the target gene. The PCR product is then transfected directly into procyclic T. brucei cells, and homologous recombinants that carry the deleted or tagged target gene are identified.
Journalism in times of violence: Social media use by US and Mexican journalists working in northern Mexico

Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of US journalists to report on the area just south of the border, this qualitative study addresses the overarching research question that examines how Mexican and US journalists who cover northern Mexico are using social media, given the heightened levels of violence in the region. The authors utilize a modified version of the conceptual framework of scale-shifting to investigate how journalists in a specific transnational environment of conflict are using social media. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of 41 interviews gathered in fall 2011 in 18 cities with news media outlets along the United States–Mexico border. Findings describe the innovative ways that journalists are circumventing online security ris...
CO-PIGMENTATION OF ANTHOCYANINS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Complex formation of anthocyanins with other plant constituents and the resulting color intensification enhances the possibility of their use as naturally occurring food colorants. Anthocyanins representing the four pigment groups characteristic for Vitis species, e.g. malvidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-p-coumarylglucoside, malvidin-3,5-diglucoside and malvidin-3-p-coumarylglucoside-5-glucoside in the concentration range 4 X 10-6 to 4 X 10-3 M were investigated for complex formation in the presence of the flavonol glycoside rutin (0-2.4 X 10-2 M). The experiments performed under conditions similar to those existing in grape juice showed a maximum color intensification of 1000% with malvidin-3,5-diglucoside. A 44 nm shift in the absorption maximum was observed concurrently with color intensification. The ability of the investigated anthocyanins to form deeply colored complexes with rutin decreased in the following order: malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (1000%), malvidin-3-p-coumarylglucosid-5-glucoside (500%), malvidin-3-p-coumarylglucoside (490%) and malvidin-3-glucoside (145%).
Combined-Modality Therapy of Rectal Cancer with Oxaliplatin-Based Regimens

There are 2 conventional treatments for clinically resectable rectal cancer. First is surgery and, if the tumor is stage T3 and/or N1/2, this is followed by postoperative combined modality therapy. The second is preoperative combined modality therapy followed by surgery and postoperative combined modality therapy if the tumor is stage uT3/4 and/or node-positive. There are a number of new chemotherapeutic agents that have been developed for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Phase I/II trials examining the use of these new chemotherapeutic agents in combination with pelvic radiation therapy, most commonly in the preoperative setting are in progress and suggest higher complete response rates. There is considerable interest in integrating oxaliplatin into preoperative combined modality therapy regimens for rectal cancer. Based on results from phase I/II trials, the recommended regimen for patients who receive oxaliplatin-based combined modality therapy is continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine with pelvic radiation.
The occurrence of self-similar relaxation in polymers

Abstract Several observations of self-similar relaxation behavior have been reviewed and grouped. Parameters are the exponent of the self-similar spectra, the front factor and the upper and lower bound of the self-similar region. Properties of self-similar spectra have been explored for negative and for positive exponent values.
China's statistical system and resources

Abstract As the People's Republic of China plays an increasingly important role in international politics and trade, countries with economic interests there find they need to know more about this nation. Access to primary information sources, including official statistics from China, however, is very limited, as little exploration has been done into this closely controlled repository of information. This study explores major current statistical sources in China through examining (a) the statistical system in Chinese government, (b) the mechanism of statistical data collection, and (c) what statistical information is currently available in both print and electronic format and at what level. It shows that a wealth of statistical information does exist in China, it is systematically compiled, and it is available, although not conveniently, to the public through various channels. This study can serve the need for China's data from the academic and business communities, contribute to a better understanding of China's statistical system, and serve as a collection tool for academic, public, and corporation libraries as well.
Characterization of nuclear localization of a hepatitis B virus precore protein derivative P22

Both of hepatitis B virus core protein and a precore protein derivative, named P22, have been shown to localize in the nucleus. Although P22 has ten additional amino acid residues at its amino-terminus, both proteins contain the same nuclear localization signal. In order to understand the mechanism that regulates the activity of this signal, we have studied the nuclear localization of P22 and compared it with that of core protein. It was found that both cytosolic and nuclear fractions of P22 were phosphorylated but to a lesser extent when compared with cytosolic core protein. This distinction was likely attributed to different conformations between these two proteins since the density gradient analysis revealed a different particle formation for P22 in the cytosol. When expressed in Vero cells synchronized by serum deprivation, P22 remained in the cytosol during G0 and G1 phases, accumulated gradually in the nucleus during S phase, and largely localized in the nucleus when cells were confluent. On the other hand, the core protein was transported into the nucleus during mid-G1 phase, shuttled back to the cytosol in S phase and again accumulated in the nucleus when cells were confluent. Interestingly, when aphidicolin was used to arrest the cells in late G1 phase, both proteins were found to accumulate in the nuclei. These results indicated that although both P22 and core proteins possessed the same nuclear localization signal, the cellular regulation of their nuclear transport was not identical and might involve different molecular mechanisms.
"Prolegomena" to the biology of the diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI).

The historical background and the present views on the actions of DBI on GABAergic transmission are summarized in these introductory remarks.
Morphological and compositional effects of FIB nanopatterning of multilayer metal/semiconducting devices

Abstract In this work, a structural and compositional investigation of the effects of focused ion beam (FIB) nanopatterning of a critical material system was carried out. A pattern of cylindrical holes, with the diameter in the range 50–150 nm, was dug by FIB into the topmost metal layer of an InAs quantum dots based heterostructure, and the effects of the ion beam treatments on the composition of the layers involved in the milling process were evaluated. FIB preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lamellas provided suitable samples for the chemical analyses exactly from the regions where the holes were dug. Detailed experimental data were obtained by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the effects of implantation, intermixing, redeposition and, more in general, defect creation induced by the Ga ion bombardment evaluated and compared with the results of stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) simulations.
Targeted treatments for multiple myeloma: specific role of carfilzomib

Carfilzomib is a selective, irreversible proteasome inhibitor, initially approved in the US in 2012 as single-agent therapy for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Numerous Phase II studies have evaluated carfilzomib in the relapsed and refractory as well as the newly diagnosed setting, and Phase III studies are entering their final analysis. Data continue to grow to support its use as both single-agent therapy and in combination with immunomodulatory and other novel agents. This review discusses the role of carfilzomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and role in clinical management will be reviewed.
Elevated temperature mechanical properties of the iron base oxide dispersion strengthened alloy ma 956 bar

1144 to 1477 K elevated temperature tensile, stress rupture, and creep tests and residual room temperature tensile tests following creep exposures were conducted on the iron-base oxide dispersion strengthened alloy MA 956, nominally Fe-20Cr-4.5Al-0.5Ti-0.5Y203. While the majority of the testing was in the longitudinal bar direction, a few tests in the long transverse bar direction were also conducted. Under slow strain rate conditions in the longitudinal direction, MA 956 deforms via a crack nucleation and growth mechanism eventually leading to sudden fracture. The longitudinal direction is stronger than the long transverse direction. Small amounts (∼0.1 pct) of prior creep strain do not degrade subsequent room temperature tensile properties.
Is increasing airline denied boarding compensation limits the answer? Factors that contribute to denied boardings

Abstract There has been an increase in the number of involuntary denied airline passenger boardings in the US. A denied boarding is influenced by multiple factors other than compensation amounts, including the accuracy, magnitude, and variability associated with no-show forecasts, load factors, and carriers’ day of departure operating policies. We describe how these and other factors influence denied boardings, why they differ across US carriers, and why carriers have strong internal incentives to reduce denied boardings.
A Physiological Difference among Beetles of Dendroctonus ponderosae (= D. monticolae) and D. ponderosae (= D. jeffreyi)

A distinct difference was found between D. ponderosae Hopkins (= monticolae Hopkins) and D. ponderosae (= jeffreyi Hopkins) in their reaction to pine resin vapors and their individual components. Practically no difference was found between 2 different host sources of D. ponderosae (:= monticolae ). Therefore, the author recognizes a biological difference between D. ponderosae (= monticolae ) and D. ponderosae (= jeffreyi ) and recommends continuing to distinguish between them.