cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Failure to find spatial reversal deficits following medial frontal lesions

Following training on four spatial reversals, rats were given lesions in the medial frontal (MF), frontopolar (FP), or parietal neocortex, or they received sham operations. None of the groups differed significantly postoperatively. This finding was contrary to an earlier report of deficits following MF lesions. The animals in that study received 64 or 104 (60 or 100 in a previous experiment) preoperative reversals. Their mean errors for four postoperative reversals were 6.3 and 5.2, respectively. The MF group here had a mean of 5.2 errors for four postoperative reversals. Statistical comparison of the combined MF groups’ data from the earlier study with our MF group data revealed no significant difference. However, the control groups from that study made significantly fewer errors than our controls postoperatively. It is suggested that spatial reversal deficits following MF lesions are subtle and may depend upon the extent of preoperative training received by control groups for their statistical confirmation.
Development and Testing of an Automatic Transmission Shift Schedule Algorithm for Vehicle Simulation

The Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) tool was created by EPA to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from light-duty (LD) vehicles [1]. ALPHA is a physics-based, forward-looking, full vehicle computer simulation capable of analyzing various vehicle types combined with different powertrain technologies. The software tool is a MATLAB/Simulink based desktop application. In order to model the behavior of current and future vehicles, an algorithm was developed to dynamically generate transmission shift logic from a set of user-defined parameters, a cost function (e.g., engine fuel consumption) and vehicle performance during simulation. This paper presents ALPHA's shift logic algorithm and compares its predicted shift points to actual shift points from a mid-size light-duty vehicle and to the shift points predicted using a static table-based shift logic as calibrated to the same vehicle during benchmark testing. An explanation of, and a process for tuning, the user defined parameters is presented and example applications of the algorithm in transmission and engine sensitivity studies are described.
Effect of lead on fibroblasts taken from an 84-year-old donor

Abstract Human, diploid fibroblasts from an 84-year-old donor (A1Pos) were used to study the effect of 20, 40 and 80 μg/100 ml concentrations of lead on in vitro senescence. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of total population doublings due to the treatment with lead. However, there was no significant difference between the effects of the three concentrations of lead. As far as nucleolar number is concerned in the case of the controls as well as in the lead-treated cells the number remained constant with aging in vitro. When the areas and dry mass of cells, nuclei and nucleoli were examined in controls and lead-treated groups at early and late doublings the results showed that in general no significant changes were noted with the exception of the 40 μg/100 ml lead treatment which caused a significant increase in these parameters with aging in vitro. The results are discussed and compared to those from a previous study [17] in which embryonic, IMR-90 cells were treated in a similar way. It is concluded that the fibroblasts from the 84-year-old donor A1Pos are even more vulnerable than the embryonic cells to the effects of lead as indicated by the drastic curtailment of the in vitro lifespan exhibited in the case of treatment even with the lowest concentration of lead. The overall lack of significant change seen in nucleolar numbers and area and dry mass measurements as a result of lead treatment is attributed to the fact that the A1Pos cells were nearer than the IMR-90 cells to the end of their in vitro lifespan, had achieved the cytological characteristics of old cells, and therefore did now show much change.
Early cyanosis after stage II palliation for single ventricle physiology: etiologies and outcomes.

Background:In the early postoperative period after stage II palliation, patients with single ventricle physiology can have cyanosis due to a variety of causes. This cyanosis can be significant and ...
Superstrings in the Early Universe

We investigate some aspects of thermodynamics and cosmology for superstrings. By a rather delicate computation using the microcanonical ensemble we show that the thermodynamic description of strings is sound (specific heat is positive at large energies) only for strings propagating in spaces where all the spatial directions are compact. Using this result and by considering a simple model, we show how strings resolve the initial singularity of the Big Bang. We also discuss a cosmological scenario which has the potential of explaining the space-time dimensionality.
A Comparison of two Techniques for the Improvement of Reading Skills at the College Level

Materials. ?American Council on Education Psychological Exami nation (1947-1948 Edition), Iowa Test of Silent Reading (Forms AM and BM, revised), and California Test of Personality. Subjects. ?The subjects selected were two groups of college fresh men, experimental and control, paired on the following bases: (1) school year?freshmen; (2) sex?8 males, control; 8 males, experi mental; 6 females, control; 6 females, experimental; (3) ethnic group (language variable); (4) American Council on Education Psychological Examination, 1947 (within 10 per?entiles); and (5) Iowa Silent Reading Test, Form AM, Revised. The single criterion which distinguished the experimental group from the control group was the completion of the requirements for
Dust-acoustic waves driven by an ion-dust streaming instability in laboratory discharge dusty plasma experiments

Dust acoustic waves (DAWs) are spontaneously excited in dusty plasmas produced in dc and rf discharge plasmas over a wide range of plasma and dust conditions. A common feature of these plasmas is the presence of an ion drift relative to the dust, which is driven by an electric field, Eo in the discharge. Using a three fluid model of the DAWs, including the zero order electric field and collisions of all species with the background neutral gas (pressure Po), DAW stability curves were obtained in the Eo-Po plane, for various dust and wave parameters. The (Eo,Po) data points from several experiments in which DAWs have been observed are also shown in comparison with the theoretical stability boundaries. This analysis supports the conclusion that the DAWs are excited by an ion-dust streaming instability.
Radiative flux penetration through a blown shock layer for Jupiter entry conditions

A study is made of the radiative blockage due to carbonaceous ablation injection for a probe entering the Jupiter atmosphere. This is accomplished by calculating the stagnation-point blockage factors for three entry trajectories that account for variations in probe configuration, atmospheric gas composition, and entry conditions. The radiative blockage within the relatively cool ablation layer is shown to be large and to be primarily dependent upon the absorption of the C2 and C3 species. The C3 absorption is significant, particularly when the new experimental data for C3 spectral absorption properties are used. Also, the stagnation-point radiative blockage factors are shown to correlate well in terms of the no-injection radiative heating rates for various entry conditions.
Multiphoton-induced chemistry of phenol in hexane at 266 nm

Abstract The technique of multiphoton-induced chemistry (MPIC) has been employed to initiate ion-molecule chemistry of phenol in n -hexane solution. The technique involves the use of liquid phase multiphoton ionization (MPI) to prepare organic cations, which then react with the solvent in ion-molecule processes. Products of the ion-molecule chemistry, detected by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, are phenoxyphenol and hexyloxybenzene. These products depend upon the square of the laser intensity. It is explicitly shown by pulsed ionization-current measurements, that ionic species are produced as precursors to the observed products. Moreover, positive ion scavengers inhibit the reactivity. Estimates of the rates and quantum yields for the title process are given, as are rate data for the inhibition of the reaction by the ion scavenger, decalin. A brief discussion of the mechanism is also presented.
Genetic control of differentiation of the Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons

The genetic control of neuronal differentiation has been studied by examining mutations that affect the development and function of the six touch receptor neurons of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. By screening for touch-insensitive mutants, it has been possible to identify 18 genes (represented by 417 mutations) that are required at various stages in the developmental program for touch cell differentiation. Two of the genes are needed for the generation of precursors in the touch cell lineages; without the precursors, touch cells are not made. A third gene, mec-3, specifies the differentiation of the touch cells, probably by acting as a transcription factor. The remaining 15 genes are likely targets of mec-3 action; mutants defective in these genes have nonfunctioning, yet differentiated, touch cells. Some of these latter genes are needed for the formation of cell-specific components of the touch cells, such as a set of microtubules that are only found in these cells. The study of the touch genes should help us understand how touch cell fate is determined, how microtubule form is specified, and, perhaps, how mechanical stimuli are transduced.
An analysis of support for tax limitation referenda

Explanations for recent upsurges in support for tax reduction measures include: (1) a desire to reduce the scope of government activity (Attiyeh and Engle, 1979; CBS, 1978: 1); (2) a desire to cut taxes independent of changes in government services (Levy, 1975; Levy and Zamola, 1978; Critin, 1979); (3) a dissatisfaction with the incidence of taxation (Reid, 1979; DeCanio, 1979). None of these explanations predicts when dissatisfaction with taxes will be great enough to cause citizens to act. The literature suggests several 'catalysts' that may produce or fail to produce a tax revolt. First, sales and income taxes produce less revolt since there is relatively little awareness of the amount being paid. The incidence of the property tax is much more obvious (Enrick, 1963; Wagstaff, 1965; Gensemer, 1965; Wagner, 1976; Ordeshook, 1979). A second catalyst is the recency of the assessment/reassessment. Ordeshook (1979) argues that people do not compare their tax burdens with the burdens of others or with the level of government services provided. They lack information for such an analysis. Rather, taxpayers react when they experience recent and substantial changes in taxes. This paper analyzes certain characteristics of people who sign a petition calling for a referendum to impose a tax limit, and of their neighborhoods. We hypothesize that:
The neurokinin-1 antagonist activity of maropitant, an antiemetic drug for dogs, in a gerbil model

Maropitant is a novel synthetic nonpeptide neurokinin type 1 (NK1) selective receptor antagonist, recently developed for use in the dog as an antiemetic. The in vivo functional activity of maropitant was investigated in the gerbil foot-tapping model, to determine the ability of maropitant to penetrate the central nervous system and inhibit foot-tapping induced by the selective NK1 agonist GR73632. In comparison with CP-122,721, a previously characterized NK1 receptor antagonist, maropitant (1 mg/kg by s.c. injection) was found to inhibit foot-tapping for significantly longer (P < 0.01). Inhibition of foot-tapping by maropitant was 100% at 2 h and approximately 50% at 8 h postdosing. The mean brain:plasma concentration ratio at 8 h post-treatment was 3.59. These data demonstrate the central functional action of maropitant as a selective and potent NK1 receptor antagonist and help to support and explain its clinical potential as a broad-spectrum antiemetic agent.
Assessment Tools for Identifying Functional Limitations Associated With Functional Ankle Instability

Abstract Context: Assessment tools should identify functional limitations associated with functional ankle instability (FAI) by discriminating unstable from stable ankles. Objective: To identify as...
AFM characterization of model nuclear fuel oxide multilayer structures modified by heavy ion beam irradiation

Abstract This work explored a potential new model dispersion fuel form consisting of an actinide material embedded in a radiation tolerant matrix that captures fission products (FPs) and is easily separated chemically as waste from the fuel material. To understand the stability of this proposed dispersion fuel form design, an idealized model system composed of a multilayer film was studied. This system consisted of a tri-layer structure of an MgO layer sandwiched between two HfO2 layers. HfO2 served as a surrogate fissile material for UO2 while MgO represented a stable, fissile product (FP) getter that is easily separated from the fissile material. This type of multilayer film structure allowed us to control the size of and spacing between each layer. The films were grown at room temperature by e-beam deposition on a Si(1 1 1) substrate and post-annealed annealing at a range of temperatures to crystallize the HfO2 layers. The 550 °C annealed sample was subsequently irradiated with 10 MeV Au3+ ions at a range of fluences from 5 × 1013 to 3.74 × 1016 ions/cm2. Separate single layer constituent films and the substrate were also irradiated at 5 × 1015 and 8 × 1014 and 2 × 1016, respectively. After annealing and irradiation, the samples were characterized using atomic force imaging techniques to determine local changes in microstructure and mechanical properties. All samples annealed above 550 °C cracked. From the AFM results we observed both crack healing and significant modification of the surface at higher fluences.
Data free inference with processed data products

We consider the context of probabilistic inference of model parameters given error bars or confidence intervals on model output values, when the data is unavailable. We introduce a class of algorithms in a Bayesian framework, relying on maximum entropy arguments and approximate Bayesian computation methods, to generate consistent data with the given summary statistics. Once we obtain consistent data sets, we pool the respective posteriors, to arrive at a single, averaged density on the parameters. This approach allows us to perform accurate forward uncertainty propagation consistent with the reported statistics.
How may I help you? Politeness in computer-mediated and face-to-face library reference transactions

Drawing upon Wittgenstein's theory of language games, we apply a pragmatic approach to organizational communication. The study extends current theories of computer-mediated communication, and explores how language actually gets used across media. We conduct a comparative study of face-to-face versus computer-mediated reference transactions in an academic library, and analyze people's use of politeness strategies. The study observes that people use politeness strategies to play different language games across media, and that a dynamic interplay exists among the three constituents of language games: sense making, language use, and forms of life. In particular, we found that: First, people use significantly more negative politeness strategies and fewer positive politeness strategies online than face-to-face. Second, language use influences people's understanding and precedes practical forms of life. Third, CMC is a different form of life than a face-to-face communication. The new online form of life shapes people's sense making and the way they use language, resulting in emerging new grammars of CMC. Finally, our findings suggest the interplay among multiple forms of life. This study offers important theoretical and managerial implications for organizational communication and the production and delivery of services in the rapidly expanding digital economy.
Endogenous sex steroid hormones and glucose in a South-Asian population without diabetes: the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South-Asians Living in America pilot study.

Aims To examine the associations between endogenous sex steroid hormones (oestradiol, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin) with diabetes risk in a South-Asian population living in the USA.
Stomatal closure with soil water depletion not associated with changes in Bulk leaf water status.

It has previously been reported that canopy water loss by cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) decreases with small depletions in soil water. In these studies, under field conditions, it was demonstrated that with small changes in soil water status leaf conductance of cowpea decreases in a manner which is consistent with the sensitive regulation of canopy water loss.
Detecting potential deadlocks with static analysis and run-time monitoring

Concurrent programs are notorious for containing errors that are difficult to reproduce and diagnose. A common kind of concurrency error is deadlock, which occurs when a set of threads is blocked each trying to acquire a lock held by another thread in that set. Static and dynamic (run-time) analysis techniques exist to detect deadlocks. Havelund's GoodLock algorithm detects potential deadlocks at run-time. However, it detects only potential deadlocks involving exactly two threads. This paper presents a generalized version of the GoodLock algorithm that detects potential deadlocks involving any number of threads. Run-time checking may miss errors in unexecuted code. On the positive side, run-time checking generally produces fewer false alarms than static analysis. This paper explores the use of static analysis to automatically reduce the overhead of run-time checking. We extend our type system, Extended Parameterized Atomic Java (EPAJ), which ensures absence of races and atomicity violations, with Boyapati et al.'s deadlock types. We give an algorithm that infers deadlock types for a given program and an algorithm that determines, based on the result of type inference, which run-time checks can safely be omitted. The new type system, called Deadlock-Free EPAJ (DEPAJ), has the added benefit of giving stronger atomicity guarantees than previous atomicity type systems.
The role of TNF superfamily members in T-cell function and diseases

Interactions that occur between several tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-TNF receptors that are expressed by T cells and various other immune and non-immune cell types are central to T-cell function. In this Review, I discuss the biology of four different ligand-receptor interactions - OX40 ligand and OX40, 4-1BB ligand and 4-1BB, CD70 and CD27, and TL1A and death receptor 3 - and their potential to be exploited for therapeutic benefit. Manipulating these interactions can be effective for treating diseases in which T cells have an important role, including inflammatory conditions, autoimmunity and cancer. Here, I explore how blocking or inducing the signalling pathways that are triggered by these different interactions can be an effective way to modulate immune responses.
Evolution of planning in CME

Continuing medical education (CME) planners are faced with new challenges in creating a learning climate to address the needs of five groups of stakeholders: learners, teachers, planners, the institution, and the public. One way to look at planning is through its evolution in four stages: traditional planning, planning for measurable behaviors, planning for individualized learning, and planning within a learning system. Traditional planners used an expert as teacher to screen content and determine the relative importance of information within the field. Information was transferred to learning and they were expected to determine its use in practice. Planners working toward measurable behaviors moved the balance among the stakeholders to provide a more explicit role for learners with behavioral objectives or goal statements so that learning could be measured. However, planners were still concerned with groups of people. The climate of health care reform has been the impetus to move to a system that better accounts for the needs and learning processes of individuals by planning for individualized learning. Currently, we are moving further forward to look at a system that places individuals within the context of their own institution. Individual needs are based on data from the system; fulfillment of those needs is demonstrated by changes in the data. Conflicts arise in shifting the institutional mission from CME as simple numbers—number of programs, number of participants, number of hours—to CME that places value on how individuals change within the institution in ways that further the institution's mission.
A Forum for a Highly Important and Ever-Expanding Field of Study

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) were discovered by Isseman and Green in 1990 [1]. Since this time PPARs have been demonstrated to play a major role in a diverse group of processes and pathological conditions associated with aging [2, 3], inflammation [4, 5], immunity [6], obesity [7], diabetes [8], cancer [9], and fertility [10, 11]. In the short period since their discovery, interest in the functioning of the PPAR receptors has greatly intensified, and studies of the biology of the PPARs have become abundant. Accordingly, the number of publications in this field has undergone exponential growth, climbing from less than 100 published articles in 1995 to more than 1600 articles in 2005; continued growth is to be expected. Of further importance, the PPARs have entered directly into the clinical arena. Drugs which activate PPARs are currently used clinically to treat diabetes, and others are also undergoing clinical trials as anti-inflammatory agents. PPAR Research is designed to be a much needed, open access forum dedicated to the publication of original, high-quality, peer-reviewed articles on the advances in basic research, preclinical studies, and clinical trials involving PPARs, and their obligatory heterodimer partners, retinoid-X receptors. This Journal will provide a unique venue to bring together a diverse scope of studies and will offer to both scientists and clinicians working in this field of study the opportunity to learn of the latest discoveries in areas other than their own. PPAR Research also intends to illustrate the magnitude and significance of this discipline by bringing into focus the diversity of areas of study involved in PPAR research. This will surely promote interest in as well as enhanced understanding of this critical field of research by the scientific community at large.
Mechanisms of septal lamination in the developing hippocampus revealed by outgrowth of fibers from septal implants. I. Positional and temporal factors

Abstract Pieces of embryonic septal tissue were implanted into a cavity within the entorhinal or occipital cortices of neonatal rat hosts (2–3 days old). The initial outgrowth of fibers originating from the grafts and their pattern of termination within the host hippocampal formation was examined using a histochemical stain for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Fimbrial transections were performed in conjuction with the implant surgery to eliminate native septohippocampal fibers. When placed in the occipital cortex, septal implants innervate specific laminar zones within the host hippocampus and dentate gyrus; these are the same laminar zones that receive septal efferents in the normal animal. Septal implants placed in the entorhinal cortex also produce a pattern of AChE staining in the host hippocampus which is similar to that seen in the normal hippocampus. In the dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the implant, however, the unstained commissural/association (C/A) zone is expanded. Temporal characteristics of the outgrowth of fibers from the implant were studied in animals sacrificed 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after the implant surgery. AChE activity indicative of innervation from the implant is present in 50% of the animals sacrificed 10 days post-implant; by 12 days post-implant all but one animal displayed AChE reaction product in the dentate molecular layer. AChE-positive processes emanating from cells in the implant were oriented toward the hippocampus throughout the developmental period. The position of the afferent source and the time of arrival of the afferent fibers in the target area do not seem to be critical to the mechanisms underlying the development of specific connection patterns in the septohippocampal system. We have proposed that contact between a ‘critical afferent’ (the C/A system in this case) and the target cell might initiate the events underlying the development of appropriate patterns of connectivity.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Kinetics of the OH + Hydroxyacetone Reaction As a Function of Temperature

The rate constant for the reaction of the OH radical with hydroxyacetone was measured between 2 and 5 Torr and over the temperature range of 280−350 K, using a discharge-flow system coupled with resonance fluorescence detection of the OH radical. At 298 K the rate constant was found to be (3.02 ± 0.28) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, in excellent agreement with several previous studies. A positive temperature dependence was measured over the temperature range 280−350 K, described by the Arrhenius expression k = (1.88 ± 0.75) × 10−11 exp[−(545 ± 60)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, in contrast to previous measurements of the temperature dependence for this reaction and suggesting that the atmospheric lifetime of hydroxyacetone may be greater than previously estimated. Theoretical calculations of the potential energy surface for this reaction suggest that the mechanism for this reaction involves hydrogen abstraction through a hydrogen-bonded prereactive complex similar to the OH + acetone reaction, with a calculated barr...
Transgenic chinese hamster V79 cell lines which exhibit variable levels of gpt mutagenesis

The Escherichia coli gpt gene coding for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase has been stably transfected into HPRT- Chinese hamster V79 cells. Several gpt- cell lines have been established, which retain the sequence(s) even after long-term culture without selection for gpt. Each cell line exhibits a characteristic spontaneous mutation frequency (10(-5) to 10(-2)) in 6-thioguanine (6TG) selection. While spontaneous mutagenesis to gpt- occurs rather frequently for most cell lines, it cannot be correlated with either the number of plasmid integration sites or deletion of the plasmid sequence(s). One transgenic cell line (g12), which continuously maintains a low spontaneous mutation frequency (approximately 3 x 10(-5)), was used in comparative mutagenesis studies with wild-type V79 cells (gpt vs. hprt). Alkylating agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and beta-propiolactone (BPL) are shown to be equally toxic and mutagenic in both g12 and V79 cells. UV and X-rays are also equally toxic to both cell lines. The gpt locus of the g12 transfectants, however, is two to three times more sensitive to UV and 2.5-4.5 times more sensitive to X-ray mutagenesis than the endogenous hprt of wild-type V79 cells. The data presented here suggests that g12 cells may be useful to study mammalian mutagenesis by agents which yield limited response at the hprt locus. Future studies with these transgenic cells and other transgenic lines are planned to compare the mutability and repair of the same gene (gpt) at different integration sites in mammalian cells.
Ontogeny of opiate mechanisms in relation to the sequential development of neurons known to be components of the guinea pig's enteric nervous system.

Abstract The development of opiate mechanisms in the guinea pig small intestine has been studied with reference to the development of transmitter mechanisms of neurons known to be components of the enteric nervous system. At 25 days' gestation neurons and a primitive neuropil could be found in the enteric mesenchyme. At this time, markers for two enteric neurotransmitters could be demonstrated; synthesis of [ 3 H]acetylcholine ([ 3 H]ACh) from [ 3 H]choline, and specific axonal uptake of [ 3 H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([ 3 H]5-HT). This early gut also showed high affinity stereospecific binding of [ 3 H]diprenorphine that was antagonized by levallorphan but not dextrophan. Thus, opiate receptors are detectable in the gut as soon as neurons can be identified. Neuronal precursors, however, are probably present prior to 25 days and putative serotonergic precursors were recognizable by their uptake of [ 3 H]5-HT into cell bodies as early as day 20. Adrenergic innervation appeared gradually betwen days 32 and 48. Functional innervation of the longitudinal layer of smooth muscle was established much later in ontogeny. Spontaneous tone and a tetrodotoxin-sensitive 5-HT-induced relaxation of the muscle were detected at day 42 (neither norepinephrine nor ATP mediate this effect); contraction in response to ACh appeared at day 48; responses to electrical stimulation were elicited at days 50–56 and acute and chronic (tolerance-dependence) effects of opiates were apparent by day 56. The early appearance of opiate receptors is consistent with their being associated with either cholinergic or serotonergic neurons, or both. These early opiate receptors suggest that opiates or endogenous substances that act on opiate receptors might have egfects not revealed by standard indices of opiate actions.
Une étude à grande échelle de la transposition de la veine basilique brachiale pour hémodialyse

Contexte L’incidence de l’insuffisance renale chronique de grade 5 necessitant une hemodialyse immediate continue d’augmenter avec un nombre croissant de patients chez qui la veine cephalique est mediocre ou qui ont eu des echecs de fistules radio et brachio-cephaliques. Chez ces patients, la veine basilique constitue le materiel autologue de deuxieme intention dans notre pratique. Nous avons precedemment etudie notre experience preliminaire et avons identifie les principales causes d’echec ; ce rapport decrit les resultats a plus long terme et notre opinion apres avoir surmonte la courbe d’apprentissage. Methodes Tous les patients qui ont subi une transposition de veine basilique d’Avril 2001 a Juin 2008 dans notre etablissement ont ete revus retrospectivement. Les donnees colligees incluaient : les donnees demographiques, le type d’anesthesie, le debit a la creation, le taux de maturation, les taux de permeabilite, les complications postoperatoires, les interventions secondaires (revisions chirurgicales endovasculaires et ouvertes), et la mortalite globale. Resultats Deux cents dix-sept fistules par transposition de la veine basilique brachiales ont ete creees chez 215 patients (53% d’hommes). Avant la transposition basilique, les patients ont eu en moyenne 2.9 tentatives de creation d’acces. La transposition de veine basilique etait la fistule initiale chez seulement 14% des patients. Le debit moyen au moment de la creation de la fistule etait de 347 mL/minute (extremes 10-880), avec un taux de maturation de 87%. Le taux de mortalite post-operatoire etait de 0.5%. Les taux de permeabilite primaire et primaire assistee a 6, 12, et 24 mois etaient 63%, 40%, 26% et 74%, 56%, et 38%, respectivement, alors que la permeabilite secondaire a 6, 12, et 24 mois etait de 85%, 72%, et 65%, respectivement. La thrombose de fistule etait la complication la plus commune avant la maturation (16%). La stenose de veine centrale (22%) etait la cause la plus frequente d’echec de la fistule mature. Conclusion Les fistules par transposition de la veine basilique ont d’excellents taux de maturation initiale (87%) avec des taux de permeabilite fonctionnelle (secondaire) raisonnables (72% a 1 an). La stenose veineuse centrale est un facteur limitant important apres la maturation au cours du suivi a long terme, et les revisions sont frequentes. Le choix optimal de l’acces chez les patients sans veine cephalique utilisable demeure un defi difficile, mais la transposition de veine basilique semble donner de meilleurs resultats que les pontages prothetiques dans cette situation.
Partner Stalking and Implications for Women’s Employment

In general research suggests partner violence has a negative impact on women's employment. However, there has been limited examination of partner stalking and consequences for employment. The purpose of this study was to examine partner stalking and employment consequences among two samples of women. One sample was women who had obtained a protective order against a violent partner and had worked in the prior year (n = 482), about one half of these women were stalked by their violent partner and one half were not. The second study examined qualitative information from women recently stalked (n = 62) by a violent partner. Results from both studies suggest that women who were stalked by a violent partner were significantly more susceptible to on-the-job harassment and problems. Also, women reported that stalking by a partner interfered in their work through on-the-job harassment, work disruption, and job performance problems. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
On the History and Practice of Unilateralism in East Asia: Or, the More Things Change, the More They Remain the Same

This paper argues that multilateralism continues to be weak in East Asia, an outcome that traces back to the post-World War II settlement and the Korean War. Hot war and cold war divisions hindered (and often completely blocked) horizontal relations and communications among the East Asian countries. Most diplomatic communication was vertical, that is, from the foreign ministries in Tokyo, Seoul, Manila or Taipei to Washington and back again. This vertical diplomacy was punctured horizontally by economic forces, which since the 1960s have eroded and bypassed Cold War boundaries, bringing former adversaries together – but primarily through business contacts and pop culture, not through multilateral institutions. The key anomaly in the past 60 years is China, which was the subject of the single most important breach in the structure and logic of American Cold War power in the region – the Nixon/Carter opening to China in the 1970s. If the first phase of the Cold War emphasized security considerations and divided the region, and the second phase exemplified the ascendancy of economic development and accelerated regional integration, it is important to remember that both these tendencies occurred primarily because of basic shifts in American foreign policy and the resulting pressures on East Asian states. Again, China's turn outward to the world economy and its rapid growth is the best expression of this tendency today, but China is also replicating what Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan did in the past. Contemporary obstacles to deeper integration in the region also trace back to Washington (although not only to Washington). Rightly or wrongly, the USA still holds the key to East Asian regional security and cooperation. The USA remains the key enabler of either multilateralism or unilateralism in East Asia, and East Asian leaders are still on the outside looking in.
Source range and depth estimation from multipath range difference measurements

A prefilter is developed that converts range differences into position estimates for the case of multipath range differences or simple range differences measured to a collinear element array. Lower bounds are placed on the variance of position estimates. The sensor placement providing the minimum bound variance is discussed, and an estimator-achieving the variance lower bound in the limit of small estimation errors-is presented. The estimator is the minimizer of a weighted equation error norm, and is a closed-form function of the measured range differences; analytic expressions for its bias and variance are given. >
Vaccine-related internet search activity predicts H1N1 and HPV vaccine coverage: implications for vaccine acceptance.

The Internet is a primary source for health-related information, and Internet search activity is associated with infectious disease outbreaks. The authors hypothesized that Internet search activity for vaccine-related information would predict vaccination coverage. They examined Internet search activity for H1N1 and human papilloma virus (HPV) disease and vaccine information in relation to H1N1 and HPV vaccine uptake. Google Insight for Search was used to assess the volume of Internet search queries for H1N1- and vaccine-related terms in the United States in 2009, the year of the H1N1 pandemic. Vaccine coverage data were also obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at the state level for H1N1 vaccinations in 2009. These same measures were collected at the state level for HPV- and vaccine-related search terms in 2010 as well as HPV vaccine uptake in that year. Analyses showed that the search terms H1N1 and vaccine were correlated with H1N1 vaccine uptake; ordinal regression found the H...
High-field transport in NiO and Ni1−xLixO thin films

Abstract Repetitive switching from the high- to the low-resistance state in thin films of NiO and Ni 1− x Li x O with Ni electrodes is investigated in the doping range from 0 to 0·4 at % Li. As the voltage is increased, four different I–V characteristics are obtained in succession: (1) an initial high-resistance state, which exhibits at first zero and then quadratic dependence of conductivity on the applied electric field; (2) a second lower-resistance state with linear and then cubic I–V characteristics followed by an avalanche-like behavior displaying a pronounced current-controlled negative resistance; (3) a third low-resistance state; and (4) a final metallic state, corresponding to irreversible dielectric breakdown. The transitions between the first and third or second and third states are reversible and show cyclic switching behavior, exhibiting a voltage-dependent delay time. Transport and dielectric data as a function of Li content, voltage, frequency, and temperature are used to propose a model for the switching mechanism.
Time considerations in recovery analysis

Abstract Recovery analysis is the mechanism in risk assessment to account for a complex matrix of situational and engineered aspects of a plant's preparedness for incident response and accident management. This analysis needs to be as accurate and credible as possible in order that the utility optimally allocates necessarily limited risk management resources. A credible recovery analysis must appropriately identify the engineering context of incident response and correctly specify this response in probabilistic terms so as to meld into the overall assessment. Each of these recovery aspects involves complicated timing considerations, that apparently heretofore have not received much attention. The adequate accounting of timing is the focus of this technical note.
Rare earth element abundances in a thick, layered komatiite lava flow from Ontario, Canada

Abstract Rare earth element abundances have been measured in pyroxenitic (19.6% MgO) to gabbroic (7.7% MgO) rocks from the upper part of a thick, layered komatiite lava flow (Fred's Flow) in Munro Township, Ontario. This flow apparently erupted as a highly basic liquid which subsequently differentiated into layers of ultramafic cumulate rocks and a basaltic residual liquid. The analyzed rocks have compositions and spinifex or equigranular textures interpreted to indicate that they represent the complete range of liquids that were present during the differentiation of the lava. All the analyzed rocks are depleted in light REE, and also exhibit a slight depletion of Yb and Er relative to Gd and Dy. Chondrite-normalized Ce and Yb abundances range from 3.2 to 7.8 and 5.1 to 9.7 respectively. Proportions of fractionating minerals were estimated using a major element petrological mixing program and petrographic data. REE modeling based on these results indicates that the dominant process relating the samples is low-pressure fractional crystallization of olivine, followed at lower temperatures by clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Except for Eu, correspondence between observed and calculated REE abundances obviates any need to appeal to processes of major REE redistribution during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism. Major differences in REE patterns of other ultramafic and mafic komatiitic lava flows [6,11], therefore, probably reflect different episodes of partial melting and/or differences in mantle source composition. The consistency of the REE in the layered flow, however, supports the concept that mafic komatiites can also be derived from ultrabasic parental magmas by low-pressure fractional crystallization. The light-REE-depleted patterns of these komatiites resemble those of modern MORB, suggesting that the mantle source of the komatiites had undergone a previous melting episode.
Bioinformatic prediction of arthropod/nematode-like peptides in non-arthropod, non-nematode members of the Ecdysozoa

The Onychophora, Priapulida and Tardigrada, along with the Arthropoda, Nematoda and several other small phyla, form the superphylum Ecdysozoa. Numerous peptidomic studies have been undertaken for both the arthropods and nematodes, resulting in the identification of many peptides from each group. In contrast, little is known about the peptides used as paracrines/hormones by species from the other ecdysozoan taxa. Here, transcriptome mining and bioinformatic peptide prediction were used to identify peptides in members of the Onychophora, Priapulida and Tardigrada, the only non-arthropod, non-nematode members of the Ecdysozoa for which there are publicly accessible expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The extant ESTs for each phylum were queried using 106 arthropod/nematode peptide precursors. Transcripts encoding calcitonin-like diuretic hormone and pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) were identified for the onychophoran Peripatopsis sedgwicki, with transcripts encoding C-type allatostatin (C-AST) and FMRFamide-like peptide identified for the priapulid Priapulus caudatus. For the Tardigrada, transcripts encoding members of the A-type allatostatin, C-AST, insect kinin, orcokinin, PDH and tachykinin-related peptide families were identified, all but one from Hypsibius dujardini (the exception being a Milnesium tardigradum orcokinin-encoding transcript). The proteins deduced from these ESTs resulted in the prediction of 48 novel peptides, six onychophoran, eight priapulid and 34 tardigrade, which are the first described from these phyla.
Impact of depression on 12-month outcomes in primary-care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

ObjectivesDepression complicates chronic pain in 30–50 percent of patients. Our objectives were to determine the 12-month clinical outcomes in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and the effects of comorbid depression.MethodsA cohort of 377 primary care patients with low back, hip, or knee pain for at least three months were enrolled, including 127 with depression of at least moderate severity [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10] and 250 without depression. Telephone assessments were done at baseline, three, and 12 months by interviewers blinded to group status. Outcomes included pain severity, pain self-efficacy, disability, and pain-specific health care use, as well as depression, anxiety, somatization, stress, and quality of life.ResultsPatients with comorbid depression had moderately greater pain severity and substantially worse pain-related disability as well as greater impairment across multiple symptom and health-related quality of life domains. This adverse effect of depression persi...
A fail-safe, bi-linear liquid spring controllable magnetorheological fluid damper

The goal of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a fail-safe, bi-linear spring controllable magnetorheological fluid damper (BLS-CMRD). This research introduces a new device with independently pre-set spring forces in compression and rebound combined with a controllable MR fluid damping. In this work, a BLS-CMRD is designed, fabricated, tested and evaluated. Experiments are performed for sinusoidal displacements in the quasistatic and dynamic ranges to evaluate the performance of the BLS-CMRD under different magnetic fields. The experimental results prove that the device reacts with significantly different spring forces from the compression to rebound regions, while providing passive viscous and controllable MR fluid damping. With this first of a kind system it is demonstrated that the utility of a bi-linear liquid spring can be combined with the reliability of passive viscous fluid damping and the capabilities of controllable MR fluid damping into one compact and versatile device.
Antagonism of the acute pharmacological actions of morphine by Panax ginseng extract

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of intraperitoneal administration of a standard extract of Panax ginseng alone and in combination with morphine were determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. 2. Ginseng extract at 200 mg/kg produced analgesia and hypothermia. These effects of ginseng were not reversed by naltrexone. 3. 3. A dose of morphine (8 mg/kg) produced analgesia and hyperthermia. The analgesic response to morphine was antagonized by 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of ginseng but not by 12.5, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. 4. 4. Morphine-induced hyperthermia was antagonized by 12.5–200 mg/kg doses of ginseng. 5. 5. Administration of morphine (50 mg/kg) produced cataleptic effect which was antagonized by 25 mg/kg of ginseng. 6. 6. The results suggest that ginseng extract at high doses produces analgesia and hypothermia in the rat by a non-opiate mechanism, and antagonizes the acute pharmacological effects of morphine.
Molecular templates for bio-specific recognition by low-energy electron beam lithography

Protein patterning has become an important topic as advances are made in biologically integrated devices and protein chip technology. Versatile and effective patterning requires substrates that can be quantified, with active presentation of proteins and control over protein density and orientation. Herein we describe a model system and the use of low-energy electron beam lithography to pattern molecular templates for immobilization of antibodies through ligand recognition. The templates were patterned over a background of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified silicon oxide (SiO x ). These substrates were exposed to a low-voltage (2 keV) electron beam to remove PEG selectively from exposed regions. These regions were then functionalized with a dinitrophenyl (DNP) ligand and tested for specific binding of fluorescently labeled anti-DNP antibodies. The PEG modified regions in conjunction with ligand-presenting regions in the patterned arrays substantially reduces non-specific adsorption of proteins, yielding a specific/nonspecific ratio of approx 10. The surface coverage of the biologically active DNP groups on SiO x and the amount of immobilized antibody on DNP were measured with a fluorescence-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The specificity of the interaction between DNP ligand and fluorescently labeled anti-DNP antibodies was evaluated with fluorescence microscopy. This approach to patterning of molecular templates and assays for quantification are generally applicable to immobilization of any ligand-receptor pair on a wide range of substrates.
Flow and fabric deep down.

Conditions in Earth's mantle can be inferred from seismic-wave velocities which reveal areas of anisotropy. Evidence emerges of such an area at mid-mantle level, associated with a subducting tectonic plate.