cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes.

A combination of ground water modeling, chemical and dissolved gas analyses, and chlorofluorocarbon age dating of water was used to determine the relation between changes in agricultural practices, and NO - 3 concentrations in ground water of a glacial outwash aquifer in west-central Minnesota. The results revealed a redox zonation throughout the saturated zone with oxygen reduction occurring near the water table, NO - 3 reduction immediately below it, and then a large zone of ferric iron reduction, with a small area of sulfate (SO 2 4 ) reduction and methanogenesis (CH 4 ) near the end of the transect. Analytical and NETPATH modeling results supported the hypothesis that organic carbon served as the electron donor for the redox reactions. Denitrification rates were quite small, 0.005 to 0.047 mmol NO - 3 yr -1 , and were limited by the small amounts of organic carbon, 0.01 to 1.45%. In spite of the organic carbon limitation, denitrification was virtually complete because residence time is sufficient to allow even slow processes to reach completion. Ground water sample ages showed that maximum residence times were on the order of 50 to 70 yr. Reconstructed NO - 3 concentrations, estimated from measured NO - 3 and dissolved N gas showed that NO - 3 concentrations have been increasing in the aquifer since the 1940s, and have been above the 714 μmol L -1 maximum contaminant level at most sites since the mid- to late-1960s. This increase in NO - 3 has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in agricultural use of fertilizer, identified as the major source of NO - 3 to the aquifer.
Integrating image-rich biological information with a web search tool: the inside wood model

North Carolina State University is collaborating with global partners to produce a comprehensive Internet-accessible wood anatomy reference, research, and teaching tool incorporating images, taxonomy, and anatomical information sets. With its multiple search capabilities, content types, and user options, InsideWood serves as a model for image-intensive, searchable biological collections. http://insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu/search/
The multivariate structure of communication avoidance

Communication scholars have given much attention to individual differences in communication avoidance. This interest has led to the development of numerous constructs, e.g., communication apprehension, reticence, unwillingness‐to‐communicate, and interaction involvement. Comparative analyses of the various constructs have typically drawn conclusions about their conceptual relatedness on the basis of statistical associations among their respective measures. This approach is plagued by widespread incongruity between the theoretical domain of constructs and their operationalizations. This study attempted to clarify the nature of communication avoidance via a structural analysis grounded in facet theory. Evidence was found for a duplex model of avoidance in which theoretical distinctions among modalities of approach‐avoidance (cognitive, affective, behavioral) and context (dyadic, group, public) proved empirically relevant. Implications of these findings for the explication, treatment, and assessment of commu...
Monolithic periodic mesoporous silica gels

We have synthesized monolithic, surfactant-templated particulate gels that have pore volumes and surface areas comparable to silica xerogels and aerogels. The gels have a complex microstructure with micro-, meso- and macroscopic features that emerge over five orders of magnitude in length (1) amorphous silica walls (characterized by a broad distribution of Si-Si spacings of ≈0.4 nm), (2) periodic hexagonal arrays of 1-d channels within each particle (≈3 nm channel diameter), (3) a feature in the gas adsorption measurements that indicates a second class of ≈10–50 nm diameter mesopores, (4) particles that are ≈ 150 to ≈500 nm in diameter, (5) interparticle pores that are on the order of the particle size, and (6) fractal domains larger than the particle size (>10 000nm). The microstructure can be controlled by the varying the initial silica content, the template size, the drying conditions, or the calcination conditions. The wet gel monoliths exhibit calculated densities as low as ≈0.02 g/cm3; the dried and calcined gels have bulk densities that range from 0.3 to 0.5 g/cm3. The materials possess large interparticle (1.1–2.2 cm3/g) and intraparticle (0.3–0.6 cm3/g) porosities.
Diabetes and erectile dysfunction

Many diabetic men suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED). The etiology of diabetic impotence is complex, with neurogenic, vasculogenic, and disordered local neuroeffector regulatory mechanisms contributing to the pathology of ED. The introduction of oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors has revolutionized medical therapy for ED. These drugs have become the primary initial treatment for ED, although the medications are less efficacious in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients. Treatment often relies on second-line therapies, including intracavernous injections of vasoactive substances and implantation of prosthetic devices. Recent work with animal models has advanced our knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in diabetic impotence, specifically the discovery of the adverse effects of advanced glycation end-products. Further work may elucidate chemopreventive strategies for the management of diabetic patients. This paper reviews the mechanisms and management of ED in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Controlling duration of contact between T cells and antigen-presenting cells

A new method which allows precise control of the duration of contact between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has been developed. A glass coverslip coated with poly-L-lysine, and then with T cells, was placed at the base of a cylindrical well, and the well was filled with liquid medium. A round coverslip, on which APCs were adhered, was supported on the surface of the medium by surface tension, cell-side down. By withdrawing medium from four capillary holes near the base of the well, the coverslip could be lowered to initiate contact between T cells and APCs at a defined time zero. The contact was broken at desired time points by re-introducing medium into the well in order to separate the two coverslips. Each cell type remained adherent to its original surface after separation for all contact times studied. The T cells were monitored for intracellular calcium mobilization using the fluorescent dye, Fura-2. Contact durations of less than 1 min did not trigger calcium signals. Contact durations of 3 and 5 min induced strong calcium signals. Breaking the contact caused a rapid decrease in intracellular calcium levels. This method of cell manipulation allows precise control of the duration of contact of T cells with APCs, while keeping the cells under continuous observation. The measurements so obtained provide a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of early T cell activation.
Influence of particle collisions on the time-dependent Hartree-Fock fusion window in 16O + 40Ca

Abstract We study the collision of 16 O and 40 Ca in an extended time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. The fusion window persists even in the presence of particle collision.
Interaction effects in successive visual displays: An extension of the Eriksen-Collins paradigm

The paradigm of Eriksen and Collins, in which one-haft of the elements of a display is assigned randomly to each of two successively presented fields, was applied to the visual discrimination of one- and two-dimensional Markov constraints. In contrast with the two-flash masking paradigm, performance in the Eriksen-Collins paradigmimproves as the interval between the successively presented fields is shortened. Constraint thresholds may increase with interfield intervals as short as 20 msec. In contrast with the results of most visual information-processing tasks, increasing the duration of each field may result in sharplyelevated thresholds. The elevation of thresholds can be reduced through repeated presentation. Sharp asymmetries are also obtained with differential brightness of the two fields.
Histologic and ultrastructural features of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.

Five examples of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast were examined histologically, and an electron microscopic study was carried out in one of them. In 2 tumors, areas histologically indistinguishable from benign mixed tumors of salivary gland origin were observed. Ultrastructural studies disclosed that the cysts which give the tumor its name are extracellular compartments lined by a basement membrane and filled with material apparently derived from the lamina densa. Infrequent true ducts and intercellular spaces containing cilia were observed. There was no evidence of secretory activity in tumor cells. It was concluded that adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is most likely of duct origin. Comparable studies of salivary gland tumors and of the role of the myoepithelial cells in the formation of adenoid cystic carcinoma were discussed.
The operative management of subcapital hip fractures

Abstract Objectives of operative management of subcapital hip fractures include fracture healing with limited morbidity and complications. Known complications of subcapital hip fractures include avascular necrosis and fracture nonunion. The advent of advanced surgical techniques and internal fixation combined with high-resolution radiographic imaging has impacted fracture treatment and decreased complications.
High dimensional direct rendering of time-varying volumetric data

We present an alternative method for viewing time-varying volumetric data. We consider such data as a four-dimensional data field, rather than considering space and time as separate entities. If we treat the data in this manner, we can apply high dimensional slicing and projection techniques to generate an image hyperplane. The user is provided with an intuitive user interface to specify arbitrary hyperplanes in 4D, which can be displayed with standard volume rendering techniques. From the volume specification, we are able to extract arbitrary hyperslices, combine slices together into a hyperprojection volume, or apply a 4D raycasting method to generate the same results. In combination with appropriate integration operators and transfer functions, we are able to extract and present different space-time features to the user.
Cultural Adaptation to a University Campus The Case of Latino Students

Latino university students' responses to two surveys revealed three types: one recalls valuable family lessons, relates them to university experiences, and envisions how these experiences will have...
Common Consequence Conditions in Decision Making under Risk

We generalize the Allais common consequence effect by describing three common consequence effect conditions and characterizing their implications for the probability weighting function in rank-dependent expected utility. The three conditions—horizontal, vertical, and diagonal shifts within the probability triangle—are necessary and sufficient for different curvature properties of the probability weighting function. The first two conditions, shifts in probability mass from the lowest to middle outcomes and middle to highest outcomes respectively, are alternative conditions for concavity and convexity of the weighting function. The third condition, decreasing Pratt-Arrow absolute concavity, is consistent with recently proposed weighting functions. The three conditions collectively characterize where indifference curves fan out and where they fan in. The common consequence conditions indicate that for nonlinear weighting functions in the context of rank-dependent expected utility, there must exist a region where indifference curves fan out in one direction and fan in the other direction.
75Se-selenomethionine in hepatic focal lesions

Abstract The focal lesion of the liver is usually characterized by the absence of the liver's uptake of radioactive scanning agents. In the focal lesion, the incorporation of 75 Se-selenomethionine is related to its vascularity and capacity to metabolize methionine. Modification of the rectilinear scanner permits it to function in a dual-channel subtraction mode, to subtract 198 Au from 75 Se in the liver, and to present the display of the liver in one color and the selenium in the pancreas and the focal lesion in another. The avascular lesions, including cysts, abscesses, scars, pseudotumors, and extrinsic pressure defects, show little or no 75 Se activity. Metastatic lesions may have varying levels of selenium concentration. The hepatocellular carcinoma concentrates selenium in amounts equal to the normal hepatic parenchyma and can only be visualized in the 75 Se-selenomethionine scan by the subtraction technique. The correlation between vascularity and 75 Se concentration is high but not necessarily directly proportional, and in specific instances may be poorly correlated. Knowledge of the selenomethionine content in a focal defect is considered to enhance the diagnostic value of liver scanning.
Infections associated with purine analogs and monoclonal antibodies

Nucleoside analogs and monoclonal antibodies are commonly used to treat lymphoproliferative disorders and have become established as the treatment of choice in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and follicular lymphomas, as well as a number of other malignant lymphoid neoplasms. When used in standard doses, these agents have a low incidence of extramedullary side effects resulting in their inclusion in a number of combination regimens. The most important complications associated with these drugs are myelosuppression, immunosuppression and infections. This is further accentuated when they are used in combination with other drugs such as alkylating agents. Several investigators have attempted to delineate the risk factors predicting the risk of infections associated with these agents. Furthermore, risk-based strategies to decrease the incidence of these infectious complications have been proposed.
T Cells Require Tumor Necrosis Factor–α to Provide Protective Immunity in Mice Infected with Histoplasma capsulatum

We examined whether neutralization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha after intranasal exposure of mice to Histoplasma capsulatum was necessary for control of primary or secondary infection. All mice given monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha on the day of infection or on day 3 after infection died. When antibody was administered on day 5 after infection, 60% of mice with primary infection died, whereas none with secondary infection did. Antibody treatment on day 7 after infection produced a transiently higher fungal burden. Because optimal clearance required TNF-alpha after the onset of infection, we hypothesized that it may regulate T cell function. Lung CD3+ cells were the dominant population of TNF-alpha-producing cells (approximately 40%-70%). Neutralization of this cytokine decreased the number of memory T cells but not the number of activated, proliferating, or interferon-gamma-producing cells. T cells from infected, TNF-alpha-neutralized mice failed to protect T cell-deficient mice. The absence of TNF-alpha induces a defect in T cell-mediated protection.
Endovascular intervention in thoracic arterial trauma

The management of thoracic vascular injury has improved dramatically over the past two decades. The availability of multi-row detector CT has facilitated early diagnosis and incorporation of minimally invasive endograft repair for traumatic aortic injury has improved mortality and paraplegia rates. This review evaluates the available data on stent-graft repair of acute blunt traumatic aortic injury and traumatic great vessel injury with regard to safety and efficacy in comparison with conventional open surgical repair.
The Lone Ranger Rides Again, This Time Followed by a Federal Posse

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proposed guidelines regarding the high-efficiency particulate air-filtered respirator have raised many questions that the healthcare worker has found difficult to answer. This product commentary addresses questions related to material that the respiratory protection program should include; provides information related to the physical exam before the use of the respirator; and explains the types of respirators. Cost issues also are discussed.
Bolus 5-Fluorouracil as an Alternative in Patients with Cardiotoxicity Associated with Infusion 5-Fluorouracil and Capecitabine: A Case Series

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the backbone of chemotherapy regimens approved for treatment of colorectal cancer. The incidence of cardiotoxicity associated with 5-FU ranges from 1.5% to 18%; 48% as anginal symptoms and 2% as cardiogenic shock. Cardiotoxicity is unpredictable and no alternative chemotherapeutics have been defined so far. Patients and Methods: We present a case series of six patients who developed cardiotoxicity on infusional fluorouracil and/or capecitabine and were challenged with bolus 5-FU for the treatment of their malignancies. Four patients were tested for polymorphic abnormality of the human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) with the TheraGuide 5-FU™ (Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA) pharmacogenetic test. Results: Five patients were challenged with oral capecitabine that reproduced clinical and/or diagnostic concerns. All six patients tolerated bolus 5-FU either as a radiosensitizing agent or as chemotherapy without recurrence of a cardiac insult. DPYD was normal in the four patients tested. Conclusion: Cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU seems to be schedule-dependent. Bolus 5-FU can be used in patients developing cardiotoxicity due to 5-FU infusion or capecitabine with vigilance. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the third most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent worldwide for the treatment of solid malignancies, including cancer arising in the head and neck, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, anus and breast (1). 5-FU may be administered as a bolus injection modulated by leucovorin (LV), either weekly (Roswell regimen) or daily for five days every four weeks (Mayo Regimen), or as a continuous infusion on an outpatient basis (2). The spectrum of toxicity differs with the different schedules of administration of 5-FU and is fairly predictable based on dose, schedule and route of administration (3). When 5-FU is given as i.v. bolus by the mayo regimen at a dosage of 400-500 mg/m 2 per day, the most common toxicity includes bone marrow suppression followed by diarrhea and mucositis. When 5-FU is given as i.v. bolus by the Rowell regimen at a 450-500 mg/m 2 , the main toxicity consists of neutropenia. On the other hand, when 5-FU is given as a continuous infusion (CIV) daily for five days at a dosage of 750-1000 mg/m 2 , the main toxicities include mucositis and diarrhea. By a protracted continuous infusion (PIF) given at a dose range of 200-400 mg/m 2 , the main side effects consist of mucositis and hand and foot syndrome (HFS). When in a hepatic artery infusion (HAI) daily for 14-21 days at a dose range of 750-1000 mg/m 2 , the main side-effects of 5-FU consist of mucositis and diarrhea. When given intraperitoneally for
Identification and characterization of FliY, a novel component of the Bacillus subtilis flagellar switch complex

Summary The Bacillus subtilis gene encoding FMY has been cloned and sequenced. The gene encodes a 379-amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 41 054 daltons. FliY is partly homologous to the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium switch proteins FliM and FliN. The N-terminus of FliY has 33% identity with the first 122 amino acids of FliM, whereas the C-terminus of FliY has 52% identity with the last 30 amino acids of FMN. The middle 60% of FliY is not significantly homologous to either of the proteins. A fliY::cat null mutant has no flagella. Motility can be restored to the mutant by expression of fliY from a plasmid, although chemotaxis is still defective since the strain exhibits smooth swimming behaviour. fliY::cat is in the cheD complementation group. One of the cheD point mutants does not switch although the population grown from a single cell has both smooth swimming and tumbling bacteria, implying that the switch is locked. Expression of fliY in wild-type B. subtilis makes the cells more smooth-swimming but does not appear to affect chemotaxis. Expression of fliY in wild-type S. typhimurium severely inhibits chemotaxis and also makes the cells smooth swimming. Expression in a non-motile S. typhimurium fliN mutant restores motility but not chemotaxis, although expression in a non-motile E. coli fliM mutant does not restore motility. The homology, multiple phenotypes, and inter-species complementation suggest that FliY forms part of the B. subtilis switch complex. The function of the unique part of FliY and the evolutionary relationship between FliY and FliN are discussed in terms of the novel properties of B. subtilis chemotaxis.
Addressing anxiety and insecure attachment in close relationships could improve quality of life for gynaecological cancer survivors

Implications for practice and research: Quality of life (QOL) in long-term survivors of gynaecological cancer is similar to that of women without a cancer history. Demographical and clinical variables do not predict QOL in gynaecological cancer survivors. Physical and mental QOL in gynaecological cancer survivors is most strongly related to psychosocial factors, such as insecure attachment style and current state of anxiety. Further research is needed on how attachment style may affect coping with cancer and ultimately, QOL.
Response to Blood Pressure and Disability: First Steps in Future Studies

We thank Robbins et al1 for their interest in our work and for providing their data that support the association of systolic blood pressure with physical function and disabilities. Better self-report functional measures, reported in our article,2 as well as physical performance measures, reported by Robbins et al,1 predict independence and vitality with aging.3,4 Both are negatively impacted by higher systolic …
Early development of chondrocranium in the tailed frog Ascaphus truei (Amphibia: Anura): Implications for anuran palatoquadrate homologies

Chondrocranial development in Ascaphus truei was studied by serial sectioning and graphical reconstruction. Nine stages (21-29; 9-18 mm TL) were examined. Mesodermal cells were distinguished from ectomesenchymal (neural crest derived) cells by retained yolk granules. Ectomesenchymal parts of the chondrocranium include the suprarostrals, pila preoptica, anterior trabecula, and palatoquadrate. Mesodermal parts of the chondrocranium include the orbital cartilage, posterior trabecula, parachordal, basiotic lamina, and otic capsule. Development of the palatoquadrate is as follows. The pterygoid process first connects with the trabecula far rostrally; their fusion progresses caudally. The ascending process connects with a mesodermal bar that extends from the orbital cartilage to the otic capsule, and forms the ventral border of the dorsal trigeminal outlet. This bar is the "ascending process" of Ascaphus adults; it is a neurocranial, not palatoquadrate structure. The basal process chondrifies in an ectomesenchymal strand running from the quadrate keel to the postpalatine commissure. Later, the postpalatine commissure and basal process extend anteromedially to contact the floor of the anterior cupula of the otic capsule, creating separate foramina for the palatine and hyomandibular branches of the facial nerve. Based on these data, and on comparison with other frogs and salamanders, the anuran anterior quadratocranial commissure is homologized with the pterygoid process of salamanders, the anuran basal process (= "pseudobasal" or "hyobasal" process) with the basal process of salamanders, and the anuran otic ledge with the basitrabecular process of salamanders. The extensive similarities in palatoquadrate structure and development between frogs and salamanders, and lacking in caecilians, are not phylogenetically informative. Available information on fossil outgroups suggests that some of these similarities are primitive for Lissamphibia, whereas for others the polarity is uncertain.
Scrupulosity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms : Confirmatory factor analysis and validity of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity

The current study examined scrupulosity in 352 unselected college students as measured by the 19-item Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded support for a two-factor model of the 19-item PIOS. However, item-level analyses provided preliminary support for the validity of a 15-item PIOS (PIOS-R) secondary to the removal of items 2, 6, 15, and 10. The two domains of scrupulosity identified on the PIOS-R consisted of the Fear of Sin and the Fear of God. Both domains and total scrupulosity scores were strongly related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Scrupulosity also showed significant, but more modest correlations with a broad range of other measures of psychopathology symptoms (i.e., state anxiety, trait anxiety, negative affect, disgust sensitivity, specific fears). However, only obsessive-compulsive symptoms and trait anxiety contributed unique variance to the prediction of scrupulosity. Examination of specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions revealed that only obsessions contributed unique positive variance to the prediction of Fear of God. However, OCD obsessions, washing, and hoarding symptoms contributed unique positive variance to the prediction of Fear of Sin. These findings are interpreted in the context of future research elucidating the relationship between scrupulosity and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions.
Sale Timing in a Supply Chain: When to Sell to the Retailer

A fundamental decision for any manufacturer is when to sell to a downstream retailer. A manufacturer can sell either early, i.e., well in advance of the selling season, or late, i.e., close to the selling season. This paper examines the impact of information asymmetry, retailer sales effort, and contract type on the manufacturers sale-timing decision. We find that if information is symmetric, demand is not influenced by sales effort, and the contract specifies that the price paid is linear in the order quantity, the manufacturer prefers to sell late. This result extends to the case where the retailer exerts sales effort during the selling season. However, if the retailer exerts sales effort prior to the selling season or has superior information about market demand, the manufacturer may prefer to sell early. We characterize the manufacturers sale-timing preference in these settings, providing clear conditions under which the manufacturer prefers to sell either early or late. We show that the retailer, manufacturer, and total system may be hurt by the retailers having higher-quality information.
Software development cost estimation using function points

This paper presents an assessment of several published statistical regression models that relate software development effort to software size measured in function points. The principal concern with published models has to do with the number of observations upon which the models were based and inattention to the assumptions inherent in regression analysis. The research describes appropriate statistical procedures in the context of a case study based on function point data for 104 software development projects and discusses limitations of the resulting model in estimating development effort. The paper also focuses on a problem with the current method for measuring function points that constrains the effective use of function points in regression models and suggests a modification to the approach that should enhance the accuracy of prediction models based on function points in the future. >
Using Community Service to Teach Developmental Psychology

Students in two large sections of developmental psychology participated in community service settings for children and families. They also encountered the social issues facing children in contemporary America. About half of the students (293 of 567) chose to work 50 hr as volunteers; the rest chose to write three babies. Although no significant differences were found between the two groups on overall satisfaction with the course, evaluation of these options suggested that students found the community service to be a valuable experience for understanding course material and achieving other personal and educational goals. Techniques to incorporate such fieldwork into very large classes are presented.
Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection

Strongyloides stercoralis infects 30 million people in 70 countries. Infection usually results in asymptomatic chronic disease of the gut, which can remain undetected for decades. However, in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy, hyperinfection can occur, resulting in high mortality rates (up to 87%). Strongyloidiasis is difficult to diagnose because the parasite load is low and the larval output is irregular. Results of a single stool examination by use of conventional techniques fail to detect larvae in up to 70% of cases. Several immunodiagnostic assays have been found ineffective in detecting disseminated infections and show extensive cross-reactivity with hookworms, filariae, and schistosomes. Although it is important to detect latent S. stercoralis infections before administering chemotherapy or before the onset of immunosuppression in patients at risk, a specific and sensitive diagnostic test is lacking. This review describes the clinical manifestations of strongyloidiasis, as well as various diagnostic tests and treatment strategies.
QUANTUM-CHEMICAL INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF THE NONENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHATE MONOESTERS

The interpretation of a large number of experiments that are generally considered to support the dissociative or metaphosphate mechanism of phosphate monoesters in aqueous solution is scrutinized using results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations. It is concluded that while it is currently not clear whether the associative or dissociative mechanism of phosphate monoester hydrolysis is operating in aqueous solution, the associative transition state can be better stabilized by the interaction between the equatorial oxygens and the proton donor groups in the enzyme active sites.
Use of Biologics to Treat Partial ACL Tears

The completely torn ACL is both biologically challenged (due to the lack of provisional scaffold formation) and mechanically challenged (due to the difficulty in suturing fibrous tissue ends together). To help decouple the challenges and allow us to first focus on the biologic problem, we needed an in vivo partial ACL tear model. One such model was developed in collaboration with Kurt Spindler at Vanderbilt University. In this model, the central fibers of the ACL are cut, but the fibers on either side of the defect are left intact, thus providing optimal mechanical stability of the defect. Using this model, we were able to demonstrate that the use of a collagen-platelet composite could stimulate biologic and functional healing of a partial ACL defect. The next chapter will then add in the mechanical challenges of a complete ACL tear.
Lessons of Privatization: Property Rights in Agricultural Land in Ukraine

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the process of introduction and establishment of the “new and old” institution of property rights in land in Ukraine. This paper consists of a historical overview of property rights in agricultural land. The review starts when Ukraine was a part of the Russian Empire and continues through the period of the former Soviet Union into the present, when Ukraine is an independent nation. The focus of the paper is the transformation of property rights in land in Ukraine through the process of privatization.
Action and Interaction of Isoproterenol and Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Blockers on Parotid and Submaxillary Secretions in Man

SummaryThe effects of intravenous isoproterenol, phentolamine, and H56/28 on parotid and submaxillary secretions were studied in human volunteers. The control levels of flow rate, amylase, and total protein concentrations varied markedly among the subjects and in the same subject on different occasions. Despite this variability, isoproterenol consistently and markedly increased amylase and total protein concentrations in the parotid and submaxillary glands, with a greater effect on the parotid. The actions of isoproterenol on the salivery glands were blocked by beta adrenergic blockade, but enhanced by alpha adrenergic blockade, particularly in the parotid gland. These observations suggest that alpha and beta adrenergic receptors subserve opposing functions on the salivary glands, with beta having a stimulant action and alpha an inhibiting action. It was further concluded that the parotid and submaxillary glands differ from each other in resting values and responses to adrenergic drugs not only in differe...
Group Decision Support Systems in Higher Education

A Group Decision Support System (GDSS) can be an effective tool in teaching groups of college students. This article describes a typical GDSS in use at the University of Mississippi and shows how the system can be used in teaching at the college level. A GDSS can enhance communication and learning in seminar, foreign language, and hearing-impaired classes. Teachers may interactively test their students with a GDSS and can present a lecture through the system. Moderate to large groups involved in exchanging comments or preferences experience more efficient and effective communication along with greater group satisfaction when using the system.
Bulk Viscosity Measurements Using Coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin Scattering

The power spectrum of coherent RayleighBrillouin scattering (CRBS) depends on transport parameters including the bulk viscosity. This in turn provides an alternative method to measure bulk viscosity. In this paper, we present the measurements in nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide at room temperature.
Analysis on the measles surveillance and control status in Kelamayi city in 2008

The epidemiological characteristics of measles was analyzed in kelamayi city in 2008 as so as to provide the evidence for the measles elimination.The results showed that the incidence of measles in kelamayi city is 38.83/100000,the distribution of cases highly sporadical and increase in number of case.The epidemic peak presents in March to May.During from March to May the case number account for 83.33% of the total case number.The proportion of measles cases of 0-19 years old is 50.00%,and the proportion of 0-1 years old is 18.84%.51.11% of all cases is floating population.In view of the above-mentioned facts,it is necessary to increase the measles immunization coverage,establish the regulation of immunization certificate for children going to kindergartens and primary schools,improve the measles surveillance and raise the diagnostic rates of measles cases at laboratories.
Numerical Simulation of Double Layer Vibration Isolation Systems with MRD Subjected to Ground Shock

One layer vibration isolation system is usually used in the shock isolation of blast-resistance structures.At the present time,the largest isolation rate can reach 90%.However,the acceleration of the structures after isolation is still very large if the peak acceleration of ground shock is very large.In order to further increase the isolation rate,a double layer vibration isolation system with Magnetorheological fluid dampers(MRD) is investigated numerically in the paper.The double layer vibration isolation system subjected to two typical ground shocks is simulated by Matlab Simulink,based on the modified Bouc-Wen model and fuzzy logic control method.The acceleration,displacement and Vibration Dose Value(VDV) of the structure under two typical ground shocks in different vibration isolation systems are calculated and the comparison of isolation effects between the one layer vibration isolation system and double layer vibration isolation system is given.It is demonstrated that the double layer vibration isolation system with MRD is no better than the one layer vibration isolation system.
AIDS prevention knowledges of residents in an alien workers' community in Ningbo urban area

Objective To explore the awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge of alien workers aged over 16 in Ningbo urban areas,and to provide basis for ploting AIDS prevention strategy.Methods A survey was conducted with self-designed questionaires.Data were analyzed with EXCEL and EPIDATA.Results Among 286 subjects,146 or 51.05% of all the subjects knew the routes of AIDS infection.40 or 13.99% knew which were not the routes of AIDS infection.39.16% subjects thought it was impossible for them to contract AIDS.Nearly 10% subjects were engaged in risky behaviors such as selling blood,taking drugs,and prostitution.Conclusion The alien workers involved in this survey lack AIDS prevention knowledge.Integrated intervention,especially health education by mass media needs to be strengthened.
Tele-MFAsT: Kinect-based tele-medicine tool for remote motion and function assessment

We present work-in-progress on framework for 3D Kinect-based remote motion and function assessment. Tele-MFAsT facilities streaming of data (video, depth, skeleton, and audio) from network-connected Microsoft Kinect cameras that can be utilized to observe a patient remotely during function assessment by a physician or therapist, measure motion trajectories, and joint angles, while taking advantage of tele-presence in a 3D virtual environment. The network architecture also allows for integration with wireless sensors in the future. In this paper we describe Tele-MFAsT application for upper-body range of motion measurements.
Inversion in a Circle

A function may be thought of as a transformation, or “mapping,” from the x-axis to the y-axis, both of which are one-dimensional sets of points. In higher mathematics we also deal with transformations from a two-dimensional set of points to another two-dimensional set, that is, from one plane to another. One of the most interesting transformations of this kind is the transformation of inversion, or more precisely, inversion in the unit circle. Given a circle with center O and radius 1, a point P whose distance from O is OP = r is “mapped” to a point Q, lying on the same ray from O as P, whose distance from O is OQ = 1/r (Fig. 12.1). In this way, a one-to-one correspondence is established between the points of the original plane and those of the new plane: every point of the one plane is mapped onto a point of the other.1 There is only one exception to this rule: the point O itself.
Flexible Local Approximation MEthods (FLAME)

This chapter is based to a large extent on my papers [Tsu05a,Tsu06, Tsu06, Tsu05a,Tsu05a]. My former students A. Plaks, L. Proekt, F. Cajko, J. Dai and O. AlKhateeb have made a significant contribution to the development of methods with flexible local approximation.
The effects of neonicotinoid exposure on embryonic development and organ mass in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).

Abstract Since their emergence in the early 1990s, neonicotinoid use has increased exponentially to make them the world's most prevalent insecticides. Although there has been considerable research concerning the lethality of neonicotinoids, their sub-lethal and developmental effects are still being explored, especially with regard to non-mammalian species. The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on the morphological and physiological development of northern bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ). Bobwhite eggs ( n = 390) were injected with imidacloprid concentrations of 0 (sham), 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of egg mass, which was administered at day 0 (pre-incubation), 3, 6, 9, or 12 of growth. Embryos were dissected, weighed, staged, and examined for any overt structural deformities after 19 days of incubation. The mass of the embryonic heart, liver, lungs and kidneys was also recorded. The majority of treatments produced no discernible differences in embryo morphology; however, in some instances, embryos were subject to increased frequency of anatomical deformity and altered organ masses. Some impacts were more pronounced in specific dosing periods, implying that there may be critical windows of development when embryos are more susceptible to neonicotinoid exposure. This investigation suggests that imidacloprid has the potential to impact bobwhite quail embryonic development and chick survival.
Drug-induced causes of secondary hypertension

Resistant hypertension is a blood pressure that remains above the treatment goal despite use of optimal doses of three antihypertensive drugs of different classes including a diuretic (1). Patients with resistant hypertension should be screened for causes of secondary hypertension (2). Common causes of secondary hypertension include renal parenchymal disease (1), renovascular disease (3), dug-induced causes (4), pregnancy (5), primary aldosteronism (6), and obstructive sleep apnea (7). Uncommon causes of secondary hypertension include acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing syndrome, apparent mineralocorticoid excess, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, carcinoid syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, coarctation of the aorta, and neurological causes (2). This article will discuss some of the drug-induced causes of secondary hypertension.
Neuroeconomic approach to trauma related psychopathology: A version to ambiguous losses in PTSD

Psychiatric symptoms typically cut across traditional diagnostic categories. In order to devise individually-tailored treatments, there is a need to identify the basic mechanisms that underlie these symptoms. Behavioral and neuro-economics methods provide a framework for studying these potential mechanisms. We utilized this framework to examine aspects of trauma-related symptomatology and its potential link to individual uncertainty attitudes. We distinguish between attitudes towards uncertain outcomes with known (“risk”) and unknown (“ambiguity”) probabilities, and between attitudes towards uncertain gains and uncertain losses. fMRI data were obtained from 57 combat veterans (30 with PTSD, and 27 without PTSD) who made choices involving risky and ambiguous options, which were used to estimate risk and ambiguity attitudes in the gain and loss domains. Veterans with PTSD were more averse to ambiguity, but not risk, compared to veterans without PTSD, when making choices between possible losses, but not gains. The degree of aversion was associated with anxious arousal symptoms, as well as with the degree of combat exposure. A whole brain analysis indicated association between activation in specific brain areas implicated in decision-making and severity of PTSD. Moreover, ambiguity attitudes fully mediated the association between combat exposure and anxious arousal symptoms. These results provide a foundation for the causal association between ambiguity attitudes and trauma-related symptoms, as well as etiology of the neural underpinnings of these behavioral outcomes. Results demonstrate the potential of neuroeconomic and behavioral economic techniques for devising objective and incentive-compatible diagnostic tools, and investigating the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Abstract 3803: Characterization of fluid biopsy using the HD-SCA platform to re-stratify intermediate-risk organ-confined prostate cancer patients

Recent studies have demonstrated that even with current risk stratification of intermediate-risk organ-confined prostate cancer patients, 30-50% of patients are incorrectly categorized and overtreated. As the second leading cause of cancer in men, 90% of prostate cancer patients are diagnosed at organ-confined stages, where radical prostatectomy (RP) is the “golden standard” of treatment. However, deferring intervention is becoming a more popular option for low-risk patients, with a 15-year progression-free survival of 95%. High-risk patients greatly benefit from RP, with a 5-year progression-free survival of 85%, while the decision to proceed with RP is not so candid for intermediate-risk patients. Using the high-definition single cell assay (HD-SCA) platform, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood (PB) and disseminating tumor cells (DTCs) from bone marrow aspirate (BMA) will be analyzed for morphological, genomic, and proteomic profiling. We hypothesize that by using morpho-proteo-genomic parameters we may develop predictive markers for a more accurate stratification of intermediate-risk patients, offering a more personalized treatment for each individual. Preliminary data shows 86% (n=43) of PB samples and 5% (n=40) of BMA are positive for Cytokeratin (CK) expressing rare circulating cells, as defined by ≥5 cells/mL. The incidence of CK+ cells in PB did not correlate with PSA, Gleason score, or clinical parameters. However, incidence of CK+ cells in PB was higher in high-risk group, though not statistically significant (p=0.784) when compared to intermediate-risk groups. Additionally, higher levels of CK expression (p Citation Format: Paymaneh D. Malihi, Kenneth Pienta, James Hicks, Michael Gorin, Carmen Ruiz Velasco, Anders Carlsson, Anand Kolatkar, Mariam Rodriguez Lee, Michael Morikado, Peter Kuhn. Characterization of fluid biopsy using the HD-SCA platform to re-stratify intermediate-risk organ-confined prostate cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3803. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3803
Will Availability of SMOF Lipid Emulsions for Parenteral Nutrition Change Surgical Nutrition Practice

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a widely accepted form of nutrition administration in patients in whom enteral feeding is contraindicated or insufficient. This is true in surgical patient populations, as well. As a component of PN, intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) are essential for the administration of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and adequate energy intake. The oils that make up standard IVFE formulations have evolved over time. A newer formulation, known as SMOF, contains a combination of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil and is gaining popularity for its purported beneficial effects on liver function, inflammation, and anti-oxidant status. This literature review examines the current data regarding the effects of SMOF in the patient receiving PN and examines the role SMOF may play in the future management of nutrition in the surgical population.