cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of exposure environment on surface decomposition of SiC-silver ion implantation diffusion couples

Abstract SiC is a promising material for nuclear applications and is a critical component in the construction of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel. A primary issue with TRISO fuel operation is the observed release of 110mAg from intact fuel particles. The release of Ag has prompted research efforts to directly measure the transport mechanism of Ag in bulk SiC. Recent experimental efforts have focused primarily on Ag ion implantation designs. The effect of the thermal exposure system on the ion implantation surface has been investigated. Results indicate the utilization of a mated sample geometry and the establishment of a static thermal exposure environment is critical to maintaining an intact surface for diffusion analysis. The nature of the implantation surface and its potential role in Ag diffusion analysis are discussed.
Methylphenidate remediates error-preceding activation of the default mode brain regions in cocaine-addicted individuals

Many previous studies suggest the potential of psychostimulants in improving cognitive functioning. Our earlier pharmacological brain imaging study showed that intravenous methylphenidate (MPH) improves inhibitory control by altering cortico–striato–thalamic activations in cocaine-dependent (CD) individuals. Here we provide additional evidence for the effects of MPH in restoring cerebral activations during cognitive performance. Ten CD individuals performed a stop signal task (SST) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two sessions, in which either MPH (0.5 mg/kg body weight) or saline was administered intravenously. In the SST, a frequent go signal instructs participants to make a speeded response and a less frequent stop signal instructs them to withhold the response. Our previous work described increased activation of the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex—regions of the default mode network (DMN)—before participants committed a stop error in healthy control but not CD individuals (Bednarski et al., 2011). The current results showed that, compared to saline, MPH restored error-preceding activations of DMN regions in CD individuals. The extent of the changes in precuneus activity was correlated with MPH-elicited increase in systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that the influence of MPH on cerebral activations may extend beyond cognitive control and provide additional evidence warranting future studies to investigate the neural mechanisms and physiological markers of the efficacy of agonist therapy in cocaine dependence.
The 3′ to 5′ Exonuclease Activity of Mre11 Facilitates Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

MRE11 and RAD50 are known to be required for nonhomologous joining of DNA ends in vivo. We have investigated the enzymatic activities of the purified proteins and found that Mre11 by itself has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity that is increased when Mre11 is in a complex with Rad50. Mre11 also exhibits endonuclease activity, as shown by the asymmetric opening of DNA hairpin loops. In conjunction with a DNA ligase, Mre11 promotes the joining of noncomplementary ends in vitro by utilizing short homologies near the ends of the DNA fragments. Sequence identities of 1-5 base pairs are present at all of these junctions, and their diversity is consistent with the products of nonhomologous end-joining observed in vivo.
Up-grading the calibre of linkage agent performance

It is the purpose of this paper: To offer a perspective of theories and research outcomes available to and likely to be sought out by persons who aspire to bring together knowledge production and needs of knowledge users; and, to introduce persons to linkage “modus operandi” designed to help them navigate prudently between the twin terrors of their practice — that is, change for the sake of change on the one hand, and, institutional rigor mortis on the other.
Foot and word in prosodic morphology: The Arabic broken plural

This article proposes a theory of prosodic domain circumscription, by means of which rules sensitive to morphological domain may be restricted to a prosodically characterized (sub-)domain in a word or stem. The theory is illustrated primarily by a comprehensive analysis of the Arabic broken plural; it is further supported by analysis of a number of processes from other languages, yielding a formal typology of domain-circumscription effects. The results obtained here depend on, and therefore confirm, two central principles of Prosodic Morphology: (1) the Prosodic Morphology Hypothesis, which requires that templates be expressed in prosodic, not segmental terms; and (2) the Template Satisfaction Condition, which requires that all elements in templates are satisfied obligatorily.
Where Hobbes Meets Hobson: Core Conflict and Colonialism, 1495–1985

This study explores the connections between the Long Wave and the Leadership Cycle by examining their possible effect on long-term patterns in major power war and colonial expansion. Building directly upon the Leadership Cycle work of Modelski and Thompson, Goldstein's Long Wave analysis, and the Modern World System School, a new analytical framework is developed. This framework treats the Leadership Cycle and Long Wave as separate, though interconnected processes, and permits derivation of empirically testable hypotheses concerning the effects of the Leadership Cycle and Long Wave on armed conflict in the system, and on the timing of colonial expansion by major powers into the periphery. This “phase-pair” framework also allows assessment of the effect of each systemic process while controlling for the effect of the other. The results of our analysis suggest that the Long Wave and Leadership Cycle not only are associated with the most severe or systemic wars, but may affect conflict more broadly within the system. We also find strong identifiable effects of these processes on colonization. Finally, all results taken together indicate the Long Wave and Leadership Cycle should be treated as distinct, though interrelated processes.
Precipitation from mixed solvents—VI: Nickel dimethylglyoximate

Abstract The addition of dimethylglyoxime to an acetone-water solution of nickel results in the production of nickel dimethylglyoximate crystals much larger than those obtained from aqueous solution. Immediate filtration yields reproducible results about 3 parts per 1000 low. Filtration following an evaporation period allows quantitative recovery. In either case the precipitate is more easily filtered and more free from diverse ions than that normally obtained.
Observed Baseline Convergence Rates and Superconvergence in the Scattering Cross Section Obtained From Numerical Solutions of the MFIE

The scattering cross section data obtained from numerical solutions of the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), using a variety of basis functions and both Galerkin and non-Galerkin testing schemes, are compared to study the convergence rates of the results. For the basis functions considered, apparent superconvergence is observed in the MFIE scattering cross section when linear tangential/linear normal vector basis functions are used with Galerkin testing, but not with other basis functions.
Active compensator prototyping tools for electric ship applications

Future naval electric distribution systems will require compensation of harmonic distortion caused by numerous power electronic converters. Active compensation with various control methods and active compensator configurations have been proposed as a solution. In order to efficiently evaluate the various options, prototyping tools and procedures are developed. Namely, a hardware-in-the-loop prototyping tool is developed using commercially available hardware and software from National Instruments. It allows the developer to evaluate performance of a DSP based digital controller without the need to complete the entire hardware prototype of the active compensator.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus. V. Evaluation in Man of an Additional ts Recombinant Virus with a 39 C Shutoff Temperature

Two recombinant temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) viruses that exhibited a marked decrease in efficiency of plaque formation at 39 C but that had lesions in different cistrons of the influenza A virus genome were evaluated for level of virulence in man. Both viruses retained the capacity to cause mild influenzal illness that was less severe than that caused by wild-type virus but more severe than that of the candidate influenza A/HK/68-ts-1[E] vaccine virus. These studies indicated that two viruses with similar temperature sensitivity but different genetic lesions had a similar level of attenuation for man. This observation supports the suggestion that it is the degree of defectiveness, i.e., temperature sensitivity, of a mutant virus and not the loss of a specific biochemical function that is the determinant of attenuation of these viruses for man.
Soluble Complement Receptor Type I Limits Damage During Revascularization of Ischemic Myocardium

Abstract Background . This study was undertaken to determine whether suppression of complement activation with soluble human complement receptor type I reduces myocardial damage during the revascularization of ischemic myocardium. Methods . In 20 pigs, the second and third diagonal coronary arteries were occluded for 90 minutes, followed by 45 minutes of cardioplegic arrest and 180 minutes of reperfusion. In 10 pigs, soluble human complement receptor type I (10 mg/kg) was infused over 30 minutes before the period of coronary occlusion; 10 other pigs received no soluble human complement receptor type I. Complement activation was measured by total hemolytic complement activity (expressed as a percentage of preischemic values). Ischemic damage was assessed by changes in myocardial tissue pH, wall motion scores (range, 4=normal to −1 = dyskinesia), and infarct size (area of necrosis versus area at risk). Results . After 180 minutes of reperfusion, hearts treated with soluble human complement receptor type I had significantly less complement activation than nontreated hearts (1.1% ± 0.09% versus 7.8% ± 0.04%, respectively; p p p p Conclusions . Complement inhibition with soluble human complement receptor type I significantly limits ischemic damage during the revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium.
Theory as Mediating Variables: Why Aren't Community Interventions Working as Desired?

Purpose: This paper discusses the role of theory in explaining why recent community intervention trials for chronic disease prevention are not achieving the level of desired behavioral effects and related outcomes. Method: Literature review and analysis are used to derive an explanation. Results: All interventions (e.g., school nutrition education) effect change in behavioral outcomes (e.g., dietary behaviors) through mediating variables. Selected from the social and behavioral theories, these mediating variables can be environmental (e.g., increased availability of the targeted food) or intrapersonal (e.g., increased self-efficacy for eating the targeted foods). The percentage of variance of the outcome variables accounted for by the mediating variables has been modest to low. This places one limit on how much change interventions can achieve in outcomes. Another limit is imposed by the ability of the interventions to produce change in the mediating variables, which also has been weak. Conclusions: More basic research should examine: (i) the relationships between mediating variables and behavior; and (ii) how interventions effect change in mediating variables. One possible six phase process for developing such research is described.
Ironic effects of repetition: measuring age-related differences in memory.

A friend whose mother is suffering symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tells the story of taking her mother to visit a nursing home, preliminary to her mother's moving there. During an orientation meeting at the nursing home, the rules and regulations were explained, one of which regarded the dining room. The dining room was described as similar to a fine restaurant except that tipping was not required. The absence of tipping was a central theme in the orientation lecture, mentioned frequently to emphasize the quality of care along with the advantages of having paid in advance. At the end of the meeting, the friend's mother was asked whether she had any questions. She replied that she only had one question: "Should I tip?" Similar to the unwanted effect of repetition mentioned above, repeated asking of questions is one of the most striking and frustrating symptoms of memory impairment resulting from Alzheimer's disease (e.g., Camp & Schaller, 1989). Earlier asking of a question seems to strengthen and increase the probability of later asking the same question for someone suffering with AD, whereas people with normally functioning memory would not repeat the question because of their ability to recollect asking it earlier, as well as the ability to recollect the answer. Repetition may well have two effects, serving both to increase the strength of questioning, an automatic influence, and to increase the probability of recollection of earlier asking, a consciously controlled use of
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensing of toxic organophosphorus compounds

Detection of toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds using electrochemical and fluorescence spectroscopy is reported. A sensor device with gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDT) on a glass substrate was used for the electrochemical detection of various OP compounds. Picomolar amounts of malathion, fenthion and ethion were detected by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using benzodipyrido[3,2-a∶2′3′-c] phenazine (BDPPZ) as a sensor. Quantitative detection of malathion, fenthion and ethion, were also obtained via fluorescence spectroscopy for concentrations as low as 0.1 µM, 1 µM and 10 µM, respectively.
Community, movement, organization : the problem of identity convergence in collective action

This article integrates resource mobilization and collective identity perspectives to show how understanding the degree of convergence of identities between a movement organization, its broader soc...
Impulsive Field Near the Second Focus Along the Symmetry Axis of a Prolate-Spheroidal IRA

Summary form only given. This paper is a development of the field focused at the second focus of a prolate-spheroidal reflector. We explore the behavior of the impulse term along the z-axis as one passes through this focus. IRAs have been developed for the transient far field. Now we are going to focus in the near field to focus on a biological application. This paper is an extension of two previous papers. Some analytic approximations were developed" for the focal waveform produced at the second focus of a prolate-spheroidal reflector due to a TEM wave launched from the first focus. In this paper we find the analytic calculation of the fields on the z-axis near the second focus. First of all, we show that the impulsive part of the waveform at the second focus can be described by a delta-like pulse forming for z < z0 and in the limit as z rarr z0 gives the required true delta function. This is a physical example of the formation of a delta function. Then, we show that the aperture integral gives the same result (at early time) as the exact incident wave before truncation. This gives confidence in the aperture integration. We can see that the area of the delta-like pulse is the same for both after and before z0. Finally, we illustrate these results with a graphical example.
Structure and function of plant cell wall proteins.

Plant cell walls are amazingly complex amalgams of carbohy? drates, proteins, lignin, water, and incrusting substances such as cutin, suberin, and certain inorganic compounds that vary among plant species, cell types, and even neighboring cells. Developmental events and exposure to any of a number of abiotic and biotic stresses further increase this compositional and structural variation. Moreover, the dynamic nature and func? tions of plant cell walls in terms of growth and development, environmental sensing and signaling, plant defense, intercel? lular communication, and selective exchange interfaces are reflected in these variations. Much is currently known about the structure and metabolic regulation of the various cell wall components, but relatively little is known about their precise functions and intermolecular interactions. In this review, I will discuss the accumulated structural and regulatory data and the much more limited functional and in? termolecular interaction information on five plant cell wall protein classes. These five protein classes, listed in Table 1, include the extensins, the glycine-rich proteins (GRPs), the proline-rich proteins (PRPs), the solanaceous lectins, and the arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). These five proteins may be evolutionarily related to one another, most obviously because each of them, with the exception of the GRPs, contains hydroxyproline, and less obviously in the case of the GRPs because this class has nucleotide sequence similarity to the extensins. For completeness, I should mention that these are not the only cell wall proteins that are known. Others exist, such as cysteine-rich thionins, 28and 70-kD water-regulated proteins, a histidine-tryptophan-rich protein, and many cell wall enzymes such as peroxidases, phosphatases, invertases, a-mannosidases, P-mannosidases, p-1,3-glucanases, (3-1,4glucanases, polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterases, malate dehydrogenase, arabinosidases, a-galactosidases, (3-galactosidases, |3-glucuronosidases, p-xylosidases, proteases, and ascorbic acid oxidase (Varner and Lin, 1989). However, the above five classes generally represent the most abundant, and to date, the most well-studied and widely documented, plant cell wall proteins. Before describing these five wall protein classes, I should point out that research on these individual proteins has oc? curred in several plant species, but relatively few examples exist where these cell wall proteins have been studied together in one plant, let alone in one particular plant organ or type of cell. Thus, data from one plant species are often extrapolated to represent the situation in other plant species. Although such extrapolations are usually valid, enough variations are now known that caution should be exercised in making or believing such claims.
5-Aza-Deoxycytidine Induces Selective Degradation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 by a Proteasomal Pathway That Requires the KEN Box, Bromo-Adjacent Homology Domain, and Nuclear Localization Signal

5-Azacytidine- and 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR)-mediated reactivation of tumor suppressor genes silenced by promoter methylation has provided an alternate approach in cancer therapy. Despite the importance of epigenetic therapy, the mechanism of action of DNA-hypomethylating agents in vivo has not been completely elucidated. Here we report that among three functional DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B), the maintenance methyltransferase, DNMT1, was rapidly degraded by the proteasomal pathway upon treatment of cells with these drugs. The 5-aza-CdR-induced degradation, which occurs in the nucleus, could be blocked by proteasomal inhibitors and required a functional ubiquitin-activating enzyme. The drug-induced degradation occurred even in the absence of DNA replication. Treatment of cells with other nucleoside analogs modified at C-5, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and 5-fluorocytidine, did not induce the degradation of DNMT1. Mutation of cysteine at the catalytic site of Dnmt1 (involved in the formation of a covalent intermediate with cytidine in DNA) to serine (CS) did not impede 5-aza-CdR-induced degradation. Neither the wild type nor the catalytic site mutant of Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b was sensitive to 5-aza-CdR-mediated degradation. These results indicate that covalent bond formation between the enzyme and 5-aza-CdR-incorporated DNA is not essential for enzyme degradation. Mutation of the conserved KEN box, a targeting signal for proteasomal degradation, to AAA increased the basal level of Dnmt1 and blocked its degradation by 5-aza-CdR. Deletion of the catalytic domain increased the expression of Dnmt1 but did not confer resistance to 5-aza-CdR-induced degradation. Both the nuclear localization signal and the bromo-adjacent homology domain were essential for nuclear localization and for the 5-aza-CdR-mediated degradation of Dnmt1. Polyubiquitination of Dnmt1 in vivo and its stabilization upon treatment of cells with a proteasomal inhibitor indicate that the level of Dnmt1 is controlled by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of the substrate recognition component, Cdh1 but not Cdc20, of APC (anaphase-promoting complex)/cyclosome ubiquitin ligase reduced the level of Dnmt1 in both untreated and 5-aza-CdR-treated cells. In contrast, the depletion of Cdh1 with small interfering RNA increased the basal level of DNMT1 that blocked 5-aza-CdR-induced degradation. Dnmt1 interacted with Cdh1 and colocalized in the nucleus at discrete foci. Both Dnmt1 and Cdh1 were phosphorylated in vivo, but only Cdh1 was significantly dephosphorylated upon 5-aza-CdR treatment, suggesting its involvement in initiating the proteasomal degradation of DNMT1. These results demonstrate a unique mechanism for the selective degradation of DNMT1, the maintenance DNA methyltransferase, by well-known DNA-hypomethylating agents.
Barriers and Facilitators to Healthy Eating and Activity in Head Start Staff: An Opportunity for Worksite Wellness.

Background: Head Start (HS) staff are ideally positioned to promote healthy behaviors to over one million low-income children each year, however little is understood about their own health. Purpose: To conduct a needs assessment with HS staff to: 1) understand perceptions, barriers and motivators to healthful behaviors; and 2) ascertain interest in a worksite wellness program. Methods: Surveys (n = 154) and telephone interviews (n = 25) were conducted with HS staff from eight Colorado HS centers (4 rural, 4 urban). Results: Findings indicate that 56% of teachers were overweight or obese, 89% wanted to be more active, and 86.6% desired wellness programming. Motivators consisted of relief of stress, health, and weight control; barriers included time, fatigue, and money; desired topics included nutrition, exercise, and stress management. Motivators, barriers and interest topics were consistent across surveys and interviews. Discussion and Translation to Health Education Practice: HS staff want and need compr...
Impact locations and concussion outcomes in high school football player-to-player collisions.

BACKGROUND: Little research has examined concussion outcomes in terms of impact location (ie, the area on the head in which the impact occurred). This study describes the epidemiology of concussions resulting from player-to-player collision in high school American football by impact location. METHODS: National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study data (2008/2009-2012/2013) were analyzed to calculate rates and describe circumstances of football concussion (eg, symptomology, symptom resolution time, return to play) resulting from player-to-player collisions by impact location (ie, front-, back-, side-, and top-of-the-head). RESULTS: Most concussions resulting from player-to-player collisions occurred from front-of-the-head (44.7%) and side-of-the-head (22.3%) impacts. Number of symptoms reported, prevalence of reported symptoms, symptom resolution time, and length of time to return to play were not associated with impact location. However, a larger proportion of football players sustaining concussions from top-of-the-head impacts experienced loss of consciousness (8.0%) than those sustaining concussions from impacts to other areas of the head (3.5%) (injury proportion ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.2; P =.008). Players had their head down at the time of impact in a higher proportion of concussions caused by top-of-the-head impacts (86.4%) than concussions from impacts to other areas of the head (24.0%) (injury proportion ratio 3.6; 95% confidence interval 3.2-4.0; P CONCLUSIONS: Among high school football players who sustained concussions due to player-to-player collisions, concussion outcomes were generally independent of impact location. Recommended strategies for reducing the proportion of top-of-the-head impacts include improved education regarding tackling with proper "head-up" technique. Language: en
Activation of SH2-containing proteins by insulin in proliferating mouse parotid gland acinar cells.

AbstractChronic treatment of mice with insulin results in hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parotid and submandibular glands (Wang et al.: 1994, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 205:353–361). Hyperplasia of the parotid gland is mediated by the elevation of tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ, p21ras-GTPase activating protein (p21ras-GAP) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These proteins were found to be associated with the insulin receptor substrate-1 most likely through src homology (SH2) domains of these proteins. There was also a transient increase in intracellular cAMP and protein kinase A during the first day of treatment which declined by Day 3 to near control values. Protein kinase C activity, on the other hand, remained elevated for the 3-day injection regimen. Thus, acinar cell proliferation induced by insulin requires activation of many of the same signaling components as other tyrosine kinase possessing growth factor receptors.
Size and Orbit Dependent Trends in the Reflectance Colors of Earth-Approaching Asteroids☆

Abstract New observations show that reflectance colors of Earth-approaching asteroids depend on their sizes and orbits. Most bodies larger than ∼2 km have reddish colors similar to common main-belt asteroids of spectral type S. Smaller bodies, and those that may have recently migrated from the main belt, have relatively neutral spectra in the 0.5- to 0.8-μm wavelength range. These trends may result from the action of “space-weathering,” recently proposed to explain similar spectral variations on the surfaces of S-type asteroids and the disparity between the colors of ordinary chondrite meteorites and their probable main-belt parents.
Treating sleep paralysis with hypnosis

Abstract The use of hypnosis in the management of sleep paralysis is described and discussed. 2 cases are presented in which autohypnosis was used to desensitize the patients to the anxiety that accompanied their sleep paralysis. The autohypnosis also provided a means of terminating the attacks. Follow-up data suggests that this approach may serve to decrease the frequency of sleep paralysis attacks.
The Biosphere 2 canopy access system

Abstract Access to the rainforest canopy of Biosphere 2 presented a unique challenge to design and build a fall arrestance system that would meet the needs of the ecological research community and ensure a high degree of safety for users. The system was based on technology typically used in canopy research in field settings, but differed due to the presence of the steel spaceframe that enclosed the mesocosms of Biosphere 2. This paper reports the design of a fall arrestance system that meets federal regulations for health and safety and an example of gas exchange data collected in the canopy of the Biosphere 2 rainforest. The preliminary results from leaf gas exchange measurements indicated distinct differences between understory and canopy plants, emphasizing the importance of access to the canopy for experimental research.
Differential Geographical Risk of Initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acquisition in Young US Children With Cystic Fibrosis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the sentinel respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. We conducted a retrospective study to examine whether state of residence affected risk of P. aeruginosa acquisition among US children under 6 years of age with cystic fibrosis by using data from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation National Patient Registry, 2003-2009. The outcome was time to first isolation of P. aeruginosa from a respiratory culture. We used a Bayesian hierarchical Weibull regression model with interval-censored outcomes. Spatial random effects, included at the state level and modeled using an intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior, allowed estimation of the residual spatial correlation. The regression portion of the model was adjusted for demographic and disease characteristics potentially affecting P. aeruginosa acquisition. A total of 3,608 children met the inclusion criteria and were followed for an average of 2.1 (standard deviation, 1.6) years. P. aeruginosa was cultured in 1,714 (48%) subjects. There was a moderately elevated spatial residual relative risk. An estimated 95% credible interval for the residual hazard ratio under 1 of the fitted models was 0.64-1.57; the strongest positive association was observed in the Southern states. The fact that risk for P. aeruginosa acquisition displayed spatial dependence suggests that regional factors, such as climate, may play an important role in P. aeruginosa acquisition.
Rectal and Anal Cancers in Conformal Radiotherapy Planning: Selection and Delineation of Lymph Node Areas

This chapter discusses indications for and results of lymphatic treatment for lower gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies (large bowel and anus) and the use of conformal irradiation techniques to accomplish this. The rationale for including nodes will be based on patterns of relapse in autopsy, reoperation, and clinical analyses, since randomized trials have not been performed to test the inclusion of nodes in irradiation fields.
Forecasting Demand for Recreational Boats

: This paper suggests theoretical models to forecast the demand for recreational boats in a metropolitan area, and their expected usage in various regional water bodies and marinas. The models, which are similar to those used in transportation studies, are implemented using statistical regression analysis and can be easily applied to a wide range of case studies. The models have been used to forecast demand for boats by type and size in the Cleveland S.M.S.A. The proportion of boats attracted to boating facilities on Lake Erie has been calculated. This study is significant in suggesting a theoretically sound methodology to project facilities required for recreational boats.
Computational Models of Algorithmic Trading in Financial Markets

In today's financial markets, algorithmic trading, the use of quantitative algorithms to automate the submission of orders, is responsible for the majority of trading activity. To better understand the societal implications of algorithmic trading, I construct computational agent-based models comprised of investors and algorithmic traders. I examine two overlapping types of algorithmic traders: high-frequency traders, who exploit speed advantages for profit, and market makers, who facilitate trade and supply liquidity by simultaneously maintaining offers to buy and sell. I employ simulation and empirical game-theoretic analysis to study trader behavior in equilibrium, that is, when all traders best-respond to their environment and other agents' strategies. I focus on the impact of algorithmic trading on allocative efficiency, or overall gains from trade, and the potential for a call market, in which orders are matched to trade at periodic intervals, to mitigate the latency advantages of high-frequency traders.
Radiative Capture of Protons in Be 9

BS>Measurements have been made on the proton-capture gamma rays in Be/ sup 9/ at proton bombarding energies of 662 kev and 998 kev. Branching ratios for various levels in B/sup 10/ to are given. (auth)
An exploratory study examining the influence of the number of reading methods courses on pre-service and in-service teacher perceptions of ability to teach reading

Teacher education programmes (TEPs) are left with limited research on how the coursework they provide influences the perceptions teachers have about their ability to teach young children how to read – especially over the long term. The purpose of this study was to compare how teacher candidates rate their ability to teach reading at the conclusion of their TEP, and then again after a year of teaching. The matched participants (N = 126) were elementary education teachers representing five TEPs in one US state. Results revealed that the number of reading methods courses provided does influence the perceptions of pre-service and in-service teachers. Teachers who had two reading methods courses compared with teachers who had only one reading methods course reported statistically significant higher scores at the pre-service stage and were able to maintain higher scores at the in-service stage. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The Dime that Started a Movement: The History and Development of Credit Unions

This note provides students a rich background on the history, evolution, and current challenges in the credit union industry, with a particular focus on community-development credit unions. The case mentions key exemplar community-development credit unions and makes limited predictions about the industry's future direction. The case can be sued as a companion to "Credit Where Credit is Due: The Latino Community Credit Union" (UVA-ENT-0104).
Motion Representation Based on Important Turning Points Set and Its Application in Dance Training

Motion analysis is quite important in assistance of dance training, as it provides further analysis with basic information of the motion behavior. Since the scale of the motion time series are usually quite large, data compression becomes quite important. Thus, before the classification or similarity comparison, we need to analyze the data of each possible motion carefully and extract the important parts of the data to create the lower dimensional transformation of the motion data. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on important turning points set which extracts data points that play significant roles in forming the shape of the motion data.
The right to obscure: a mechanism and initial evaluation

The recent landmark "right to be forgotten" ruling by the EU Court gives EU citizens the right to remove certain links that are "inaccurate, inadequate, irrelevant or excessive" from search results under their names. While we agree with the spirit of the ruling--to empower individuals to manage their personal data while keeping a balance between such right and the freedom of expression, we believe that the ruling is impractical as it provides neither precise criteria for evaluating removal requests nor concrete guidelines for implementation. Consequently, Google's current implementation has several problems concerning scalability, objectivity, and responsiveness. Instead of the right to be forgotten, we propose the right to obscure certain facts about oneself on search engines, and a simple mechanism which respects the spirit of the ruling by giving people more power to influence search results for queries on their names. Specifically, under our proposed mechanism, data subjects will be able to register minus terms, and search results for their name queries that contain such terms would be filtered out. We implement a proof-of-concept search engine following the proposed mechanism, and conduct experiments to explore the influences it might have on users' impressions on different data subjects.
The determination of urine urobilinogen; the interpretation of the rate of color development of the Ehrlich reaction.

Abstract When Ehrlich's reagent is added to urine, the color produced increases with time. Extracted urobilinogen promptly develops full color with Ehrlich's reagent, which suggests that subsequent increases in color with time are due to substances other than urobilinogen. In liver disease the immediate reaction appears to be the most significant. It is, therefore, recommended that the reaction between Ehrlich's reagent and urine be stopped (by the addition of saturated sodium acetate solution) in as short a time as is convenient and that can be standardized. Exactly fifteen seconds appears to be the most satisfactory time interval.
SU-F-J-194: Development of Dose-Based Image Guided Proton Therapy Workflow

Purpose: To implement image-guided proton therapy (IGPT) based on daily proton dose distribution. Methods: Unlike x-ray therapy, simple alignment based on anatomy cannot ensure proper dose coverage in proton therapy. Anatomy changes along the beam path may lead to underdosing the target, or overdosing the organ-at-risk (OAR). With an in-room mobile computed tomography (CT) system, we are developing a dose-based IGPT software tool that allows patient positioning and treatment adaption based on daily dose distributions. During an IGPT treatment, daily CT images are acquired in treatment position. After initial positioning based on rigid image registration, proton dose distribution is calculated on daily CT images. The target and OARs are automatically delineated via deformable image registration. Dose distributions are evaluated to decide if repositioning or plan adaptation is necessary in order to achieve proper coverage of the target and sparing of OARs. Besides online dose-based image guidance, the software tool can also map daily treatment doses to the treatment planning CT images for offline adaptive treatment. Results: An in-room helical CT system is commissioned for IGPT purposes. It produces accurate CT numbers that allow proton dose calculation. GPU-based deformable image registration algorithms are developed and evaluated for automatic ROI-delineation and dose mapping. The online and offline IGPT functionalities are evaluated with daily CT images of the proton patients. Conclusion: The online and offline IGPT software tool may improve the safety and quality of proton treatment by allowing dose-based IGPT and adaptive proton treatments. Research is partially supported by Mevion Medical Systems.
Aelred of Rievaulx, Same-Sex Desire and the Victorian Monastery

It has been roughly 20 years since historian John Boswell dubbed St Aelred the ‘gay’ abbot of Rievaulx.1 While this naming may be located in a very particular time and place, over the past decade a considerable amount of work on the abbot has been produced. More recently, Brian Patrick McGuire has written a lengthy essay on the awareness of same-sex desire in Aelred, as well as a biography of the saint.2 In 1844, a lengthy study of Aelred of Rievaulx by John Dobree Dalgairns appeared in Newman’s Lives of the English Saints. Dalgairns was a colleague of the future cardinal at Littlemore, Newman’s pseudomedieval, quasi-monastic community of friends. Littlemore was organized in the early 1840s, shortly after religious houses first reappeared in the post-Reformation Church of England. Dalgairns was received into the Roman Catholic Church on 29 September 1845 by Father Dominic the Passionist. The same clergyman converted Newman on 9 October of that year. Dalgairns later became a priest and a member of Newman’s Birmingham Oratory. In his biography of Aelred, Dalgairns emphasizes the abbot’s devoted friendships, his charity, kindness and compassion. St Aelred is important in considering the place of men in Anglo- and Roman Catholicism in the nineteenth century. Throughout this period and well into the twentieth century, many monks and abbots have adopted this name in religious life. In this essay, I wish to argue that an awareness of same-sex desire was present in Victorian historiography of medieval monasticism and in the practice of community foundation. The monastery in nineteenth-century England — particularly as it is seen in relation to models from the earlier Church — may be deemed a queer space.
Simultaneous scheduling of front-end crude transfer and refinery processing

Abstract Scheduling of front-end crude-oil transfer and refinery processing are two critically important and challenging tasks to petroleum refineries. However, the simultaneous scheduling of front-end crude-oil transfer and refinery operations has never been considered in previous studies due to the large scale and complexity of the resultant optimization problem. In this paper, a systematic methodology for simultaneous scheduling of front-end crude transfer and refinery processing has been developed. It provides a large-scale continuous-time based scheduling model for crude unloading, transferring, and processing (CUTP) to simulate and optimize the front-end and refinery crude-oil operations simultaneously. The CUTP model consists of a newly developed refinery processing sub model, a crude processing status transition sub-model, and a borrowed front-end crude transferring sub model. The objective is to maximize the total operational profit while satisfying various constraints such as operation and production specifications, inventory limits, and production demands. The efficacy of the proposed scheduling model has been demonstrated by an industrial-scale case study.
Using Andersen’s Behavioral Model to Predict Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Among US Adults

ABSTRACTUsing the 2013 Current Population Survey, this article examines predictors of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation using an adapted version of Andersen’s behavioral model of service use. All variables were found to be significant. We created a risk index, an index counting the number of predictive characteristics an individual possessed, to calculate predicted probabilities of SNAP participation. For each additional risk factor an individual possessed, the predicted probability increased on average by 0.09. Those possessing 10 or more risk factors had the highest predicted probability (74%) of SNAP participation. This research confirms known predictors of SNAP participation. The risk index demonstrates that it is possible to predict SNAP participation not by which factors an individual possesses but how many.
Metabolic Changes in the Supplementary Motor Area in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (P06.082)

OBJECTIVE: To study the abnormalities in metabolic activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) in Parkinson9s disease (PD) patients and evaluate the effects of levodopa and STN-DBS treatments in this region. BACKGROUND: The SMA has been implicated in motor deficits in patients with PD. This region has been identified as a significant contributing node in the Parkinsons disease-related motor pattern (PDRP; Eidelberg and Niethammer, Ann. Neurol 2009). Treatment-mediated changes in PDRP expression correlate with clinical responses to either levodopa or STN stimulation. However, the role of SMA in these interventions is not well understood. DESIGN/METHODS: 24 PD subjects underwent FDG PET imaging at The Feinstein Institute, NY. 11 subjects (age:59.6±8.6 years, disease duration:7.1±4.3 years, UPDRS:26.2±8.6) were further scanned before (OFF) and after (ON) levodopa treatment. The remaining 13 subjects (age:60.8±11.9 years, disease duration:10.9±5.4 years, UPDRS:29.4±11.0) were scanned before and after STN-DBS treatment. Images were preprocessed with SPM5. Volume-of-interest (VOI) analysis was performed to measure regional metabolism in the SMA before and during treatment. This was done by placing a sphere (radius=5mm) on the peak voxel of the corresponding PDRP region. UPDRS motor ratings were evaluated before and after treatments. RESULTS: Metabolic activity in the SMA measured in the untreated state was abnormally elevated in both treatment groups (p CONCLUSIONS: In PD, baseline metabolic activity is increased at the SMA node of the PDRP network. This regional abnormality is normalized by levodopa treatment but not STN stimulation. It is likely that the two interventions modulate SMA activity through different network mechanisms. Disclosure: Dr. Allen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eidelberg has received personal compensation for activities with the Thomas Hartman Foundation, the Michael J. Fox Foundation and the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson Foundation.
Functional programming as a discrete mathematics topic

How to integrate mathematical thinking more fully into the computer science curriculum is a perennial problem for CS educators. A key part of that integration is designing the discrete math course so that its relevance to programming and software development is evident. A discrete math course that also introduces programming in the functional style provides an ideal context for this integration, as well as having additional curricular benefits. We report on our experience teaching a course on discrete mathematics and functional programming, give the outline for such a course, and survey the available resources.
Sources of Income Inequality among Households 65 and Older: Can Individual Choice, Markets and Public Policy Increase Equality?

This paper explores the sources of income inequality among households aged 65 and older and the extent to which individual actions, competitive markets, and public policy can improve the financial well-being of those with low income. Three different types of retirement wealth are identified on the basis that they 1) are acquired in very different ways; 2) vary in their contribution to income inequality among older households; and 3) require unique individual behaviors and public policies to increase the income that they generate. Continued labor force participation is the most effective way to increase income in retirement but opportunities offered by the labor market favor highly skilled people and are likely to increase income inequality. Income inequality is likely to be a continuing reality for households of retirement age.
The reaction time of mediated responses

11 high school students learned a 9-pair PA list in which 6 terms served both as S and R: the list was divisible into 3 4-unit implicit chains. Following learning, S was shown each of the 12 terms in the PA list as stimuli in an RT situation, with each chain’s terminal term being the correct response. Additional PA and RT trials followed. RT was a negatively-accelerated increasing function of the number of mediating steps. In PA learning, differences in the difficulty of the various pairs reflected the intrusion of backward and forward remote associations, which suggested possible explanations of the failure to find a linear relationship between RT and number of mediating steps.
Generation of shock lamellae and melting in rocks by lightning-induced shock waves and electrical heating

The very rapid energy release from impact events, such as those resulting from lightning strikes or meteorites, can drive a variety of physical and chemical processes which alter rocks and result in the formation of natural glasses (i.e., fulgurites and tektites). Fulgurite is the vitrified soil, sand, or rock resulting from lightning strikes. A thunderbolt is associated with air temperatures of up to 105 K, which can heat rocks to >2000 K within tens of microseconds. The rapid fusing and subsequent quenching of the surface of the rock leaves a distinctive, thin, garbled coating composed of a glassy to fine-grained porous material. Previous studies on rock fulgurites found planar deformation features in quartz crystals within the target rock substrate, evidence of strong shock waves during fulgurite formation. In this paper, we simulated the shock pressure and temperature caused by an idealized lightning impact on rocks and compared the model results with observations on rock fulgurites from the literature. Our model results indicate that a lightning strike can cause >7 GPa pressure on the rock surface, generate a layer of fulgurite (of radius ∼9 cm), and leave a burned region (of radius ∼11 cm). The fulgurites found on rock surfaces share many features with sand fulgurites, but their spatial distribution is completely different, as sand fulgurites are hollow tube structures. Our study on rock fulgurites provides an indirect constraint on the energy of a lightning event and also demonstrates that the presence of shock features in rocks cannot be taken as unequivocal evidence for impact events.