cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On convergence of the generalized Maxwell scheme: conductivity of composites containing cubic arrays of spherical particles

The Maxwell concept of equivalent inhomogeneity generalized to account for the interactions between the particles in the cluster and combined with recently reported results on the polarizability of a cube is used to evaluate the effective conductivities of the materials reinforced by cubic arrays of spherical particles. New numerical results demonstrate that the estimates of the effective properties based on the generalized Maxwell scheme with the equivalent inhomogeneity of cubic shape converge to the accurate periodic benchmark solutions, unlike spherical shape-based estimates.
Composite materials for hip joint prostheses

Abstract Hip fracture represents a major health problem facing elderly people. Hip prosthesis is the greatest challenge of biomaterial design to meet the needs of joint arthroplasty. The loads experienced by the lower limbs are very severe; in the femur they can be several folds higher than the body weight. Unusual combinations of mechanical, chemical, and physical properties are required by hip prostheses. High strength and toughness, long-life resistance, tailored stiffness, resistance to impact, abrasion and corrosion, adequate transparency to electromagnetic waves for diagnostic purposes, are the combination of properties relevant for tissue substitute design. Composite hip prostheses, that is, continuous fibre-reinforced polymers, have gained an increasingly important role in the development of prosthetic devices. Composite materials can be engineered more accurately than monolithic structures (single-phase materials, such as metals), thus allowing the development of more effective tissue substitutes. Basic biomechanical properties of tissues composing the hip joint and the concept of composite material and anisotropy are introduced in first section. The following section reports the state of the art of the materials used to manufacture the prosthetic components of a total hip prostheses. It is divided in three subsections where bone cements, the acetabular cup, and the hip stem are considered. A dedicated section is devoted to manufacturing, state of the art, modelling, and testing of polymer-based composite hip stem. Finally, future trends are reported in the last section.
Images of Philip II in the Dutch Revolt: Solomon, Shepherd or Tyrant

ABSTRACTEarly modem monarchs often sought to project particular images of themselves as did Philip II on the eve of the Dutch revolt. He portrayed himself as a second King Solomon who ruled with prudence and wisdom and as a defender of Catholicism. Once these images were put into play his government no longer exercised control over them. The opponents of Philip seized on these images and manipulated them to portray Philip as neither a wise and prudent king nor a defender of the true church. The inversion of Philip's images by his opponents labeled him a tyrant and contributed to the beginnings of the Black Legend that developed during the revolt to portray the Spanish as naturally evil and tyrannical.
OPTIMAL GLENOID FIXATION REQUIRES CEMENT – OPPOSES

Cement fixation of the glenoid implants in total shoulder arthroplasty has been the norm since the procedure has existed. Yet, an unacceptably high rate of lucent lines, representing prosthetic loosening, and a high rate of resultant failure of fixation of these implants continues to be the single most common cause for revision surgery in total shoulder arthroplasty. Dissatisfaction with a higher than acceptable rate of lucent lines, cement fixation of the glenoid component has led us to evaluate and employ an implant anchored into the glenoid vault with a woven tantalum (trabecular metal) fixation stem. We have employed this implant in patients with healthy bone stock with a minimum 2-year follow-up in well over 100 cases with only one revision performed in a first generation implant due to fatigue fracture. No cases have demonstrated lucency or loosening. The procedure does require meticulous attention to detail to ensure precise surface and glenoid vault preparation providing complete intraosseous seating of the trabecular metal anchor and flush apposition and support of the polyethylene surface upon the face of the glenoid. This process has reduced surgical preparation time as well as time required for cement setting by an average of 20 minutes per case.
Decreased Bacterial Adherence, Biofilm Formation, and Tissue Reactivity of Barbed Monofilament Suture in an In Vivo Contaminated Wound Model.

Abstract Background Monofilament and barbed monofilament sutures have been shown in in vitro models to have less bacterial adherence than braided suture. This study evaluates bacterial adherence to suture materials and tissue reactivity with an in vivo contaminated wound mouse model. Methods Staphylococcus aureus was used to create an in vivo contaminated wound model at 2 amounts (10 6 colony-forming units [CFU] and 10 8 CFU) using a mouse air pouch. Three types of commonly used absorbable suture were evaluated: braided, monofilament, and barbed monofilament. Bacterial suture adherence was evaluated with suture culture, a photon-capturing camera system, and scanning electron microscopy. Tissue reactivity was assessed through histology and protein expression. Results The braided suture group with the high amount of S aureus exhibited frank purulence and air pouch hypertrophy in all 8 mice. A significant difference was found between suture groups inoculated with 10 8 CFU ( P P P P P Conclusion Our in vivo contaminated wound model demonstrated that barbed monofilament suture performed similarly to monofilament suture and better than braided suture in terms of bacterial adherence, biofilm formation, and tissue reactivity.
Reading and Language in the Early Grades

How does literacy develop in children’s early years, and what programs or practices promote adequate literacy for all children? These are the questions Catherine Snow and Timothy Matthews tackle in this article. Fundamental literacy skills can be grouped into two categories, Snow and Matthews write. The first category is constrained skills, which are readily teachable because they’re finite: for example, the 26 letters of the alphabet, or a set of 20 to 30 common spelling rules. These skills have a ceiling; young children can and do achieve perfect performance. As they grow older, though, children need to understand words rarely encountered in spoken language and to integrate new information they encounter with relevant background information. Vocabulary and background knowledge are examples of unconstrained skills—large domains of knowledge acquired gradually through experience. Unconstrained skills are particularly important for children’s long-term literacy success (that is, success in outcomes measured after third grade). Compared to constrained skills, they’re also more strongly predicted by children’s social class or their parents’ education, and more difficult to teach in the classroom. And because of their open-ended nature, unconstrained skills are also much harder to test for. Snow and Matthews write that a drop in literacy scores we see as US children move from elementary to middle school suggests that our schools may be focusing too much on constrained skills—and too little on unconstrained ones—in the early grades. The authors review promising programs and practices for enhancing both constrained and unconstrained skills, ranging from comprehensive school-improvement programs to efforts to improve curricula and teachers’ professional development—although they note that vast differences in programs’ scope, cost, targets, and theories of change make comparing them difficult. Another challenge is that it’s hard to maintain quality and consistency when implementing complex programs over time. Snow and Matthews suggest that to improve young children’s success with literacy, it might be better to introduce and evaluate promising practices that can be mixed and matched, rather than complex programs that are implemented as a package.
Soft switching active snubbers for DC/DC converters

A soft switching active snubber is proposed to reduce the turn-off losses of the IGBT in a current-mode controlled buck power converter. The soft switching snubber provides zero-voltage switching for the IGBT, thereby reducing the high turn-off losses of the IGBT due to the current tailing. The proposed snubber uses an auxiliary switch to discharge the snubber capacitor. This auxiliary switch also operates at zero-voltage and zero-current switching. The size of the auxiliary switch compared to the main switch makes this snubber a good alternative to the conventional snubber or even to passive low-loss snubbers. The use of the soft switching active snubber permits the IGBT to operate at high frequencies, with low EMI and an improved RBSOA. The use of an active snubber allows recovery of part of the energy stored in the snubber capacitor during the turn-off. Finally, a generic snubber cell is identified for all the nonisolated DC/DC power converters (buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic, Zeta). >
Analytical design of intelligent machines

The problem of designing 'intelligent machines' to operate in uncertain environments with minimum supervision or interaction with a human operator is examined. The structure of an 'intelligent machine' is defined to be the structure of a Hierarchically Intelligent Control System, composed of three levels hierarchically ordered according to the principle of 'increasing precision with decreasing intelligence', namely: the organizational level, performing general information processing tasks in association with a long-term memory; the coordination level, dealing with specific information processing tasks with a short-term memory; and the control level, which performs the execution of various tasks through hardware using feedback control methods. The behavior of such a machine may be managed by controls with special considerations and its 'intelligence' is directly related to the derivation of a compatible measure that associates the intelligence of the higher levels with the concept of entropy, which is a sufficient analytic measure that unifies the treatment of all the levels of an 'intelligent machine' as the mathematical problem of finding the right sequence of internal decisions and controls for a system structured in the order of intelligence and inverse order of precision such that it minimizes its total entropy. A case study on the automatic maintenance of a nuclear plant illustrates the proposed approach.
Lateral position control for a tractor-trailer system using steering rate input

In this paper, the authors present a trailer lateral position controller for a non-collocated tractor-trailer system, using steering rate instead of steering angle as control input variable to reduce the tracking error when reference path is a curve. Coordinate transformation is defined at each control sample. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used to eliminate lateral position error. The constraints on steering rate, steering angle and angle difference between tractor and trailer are considered. Simulation results show that the system is able to track lines and curves for both forward and backward motion.
P246 Epitope analysis for stem cell transplant. A case study

Aim The role of HLA antibodies (Ab) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is being recognized due to the significant increase in unrelated HSCT with some degree of mismatch as well as haploidentical transplants (Tx). HLA Ab may lead to graft failure, graft versus host disease and other post-Tx complications in HSCT. Hence, defining donor specific antibody (DSA) may be relevant for these transplant modalities. Epitope analysis is becoming an accepted tool helping elucidating the complexities of HLA Ab reactivity. Here we present a HSCT case where epitope analysis helped to predict reactivity of the patient Ab to the donor antigens and therefore, assess the suitability of the donor for this Tx. Methods HLA typing for the patient and donor were done with NGS (MiSeq and Holotype kit by Omixon) and analyzed with Target (Omixon) and NGSEngine (GenDx) software. Ab screening was performed using Single Antigen Beads (SAB) test (One Lambda). The cut off for positivity stablished in our lab for SAB is > 1500. Epitope analysis was done with HLAMatchmaker algorithm. Results A 5 year-old HSCT candidate had 2 HLA Ab specificities detected in her serum. They were A∗11:02 (MFI 1780) and DR16 (MFI 2567). None of them were DSA against her potential donor. Although the A2 specificities present in the SAB (A∗02:01, A∗02:03 & A∗02:06) test were negative, A∗02:11 included in the donor’s typing, is not represented in the panel. To assess potential reactivity against A∗02:11, epitope analysis was performed. Considering that A∗02:01, A∗02:03 & A∗02:06 were negative, any common epitope among them and A∗02:11 would suggest absence of reactivity to those epitopes. The only epitope that differs between A∗02:11 and the other A2 specificities present in the panel was the 69AI eplet. However, this eplet (69AI) was present in the patient self-allele A∗33:03, therefore suggesting that no Ab against A∗02:11 should had been developed. Conclusion This HSCT case report demonstrates that the combination of high resolution typing and epitope analysis may help resolving patient anti-HLA reactivity against potential mismatches, for which no beads are available to assess reactivity with the patient serum.
A high-Oil castor cultivar developed through recurrent selection

Abstract Castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) seed oil has unique characteristics and can be used as feedstock for many biobased products. Under greenhouse conditions, a previous recurrent selection for high-oil castor seeds from a base population resulted in a new population with an increased mean oil content from 50.33 to 54.47% dry weight, average single seed weight from 0.44 to 0.54 g, and correlation between oil content and weight from moderate ( r = 0.43, p 0.0001) to strong ( r = 0.77, p 0.0001). Here, we describe field trials to evaluate the oil content and seed weight of the new (Test), and base (Control) populations. Duplicated Tests and Controls were planted and the trials were repeated for two consecutive years. From planting to seed harvesting, no difference in growth pattern was observed in either of the populations. Test seeds had a mean oil contents of 54.01% dry weight, an average single seed weight of 0.54 g, and strong correlations between oil content and weight ( r = 0.71 to 0.72, p 0.0001), similar to the new population obtained from the greenhouse study. Correspondingly, Control seeds had a mean oil content of 50.5% dry weight, an average single seed weight of 0.44 g, and moderate correlation between oil content and weight ( r = 0.43 to 0.44, p 0.0001), comparable to previous data on the base population. The frequency distribution of oil content and seed weight in field- and greenhouse-grown castor seeds were similar. Our results confirm that recurrent selection for high-oil content seeds is an effective approach to increase the mean oil content of a castor population.
Ethnic Pride, Self-Esteem, and School Belonging: A Reciprocal Analysis Over Time

School belonging (i.e., social connectedness to school) has positive implications for academic achievement and well-being. However, few studies have examined the developmental antecedents of school belonging, particularly for students of Mexican origin. To address this gap in the research literature, the present study examined reciprocal relations between school belonging and two self-affirmation beliefs-self-esteem and ethnic pride-using data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin students followed from fifth to ninth grade (N = 674, Mage at Wave 1 = 10.4 years, 50% girls). Furthermore, we evaluated whether the associations were stronger for boys than girls. Using multiple group analysis in a structural equation modeling framework, results indicate that, among boys, ethnic pride was prospectively associated with increases in self-esteem, self-esteem was associated with increases in school belonging, and the direct association between ethnic pride and school belonging was bidirectional. For girls, ethnic pride was prospectively associated with later school belonging. Discussion focuses on the gender differences in observed effects and implications for school programs and interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
Bacterial proliferation on clay nanotube Pickering emulsions for oil spill bioremediation.

Abstract Halloysites (tubular aluminosilicate) are introduced as inexpensive natural nanoparticles that form and stabilize oil-water emulsions. Pickering emulsification can proceed with energies low enough to be afforded by ocean turbulence and the stability of droplets extends over more than a week. The oil/water interface is shown to be roughened and bacteria, which are added for oil degradation, are better attached to such oil droplets than to droplets without halloysites. The metabolic activity of Alcanivorax borkumensis, alkanotrophic bacteria widely distributed in marine environments, is enhanced by halloysite addition. A halloysite-based dispersant system is therefore environmentally friendly and promising for further optimization. The key elements of the described formulations are natural clay nanotubes, which are abundantly available in thousands of tons, thus making this technology scalable for environmental remediation.
Effects of delay fading and signals on self-control choices by children

The current study is a systematic replication and extension of work by Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff (1988). The effects of delay fading alone and in combination with signals on choices between larger, delayed reinforcers and smaller, immediate reinforcers by four children with language deficits were examined. For one of the two children exposed to delay fading alone, larger reinforcers were selected at longer delays relative to the initial self-control assessment. For all four children, the delay-fading-plus-signal condition resulted in selection of larger reinforcers at considerably longer delays relative to the self-control assessment.
Treatment Integrity in Autism Spectrum Disorder Interventions

The last few years have seen a remarkable proliferation of treatment programs to ameliorate the symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD; National Autism Center. (2009). The National Autism Center's National Standards Report. Massachusetts: Author.). In addition, there is an increasing legal and ethical burden placed on the practitioner working with an ASD population to use evidence based interventions (EBI) that have been evaluated in the scientific literature (Detrich, R. (2008). Evidence-based, empirically supported, or best practice? A guide for the scientist-practitioner. In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian, & S. M. Wilczynski (Eds.), Effective practices for children with autism (pp. 3–25). New York: Oxford University Press.). The vast database of interventions and added pressures make the job of the clinician quite difficult—they must sift through competing evidence bases, spectacular statistical claims, and treatments that “wrap themselves in the cloak of science” (Wilczynski, S. M., Christin, L., & National Autism Center. The National Standards Project: Promoting evidence-based practice in autism spectrum disorders. In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian, & S. M. Wilczynski (Eds.), Effective practices for children with autism (pp. 37–60). New York: Oxford University Press.) in order to find treatment programs that will be effective. Fortunately, there exist a variety of resources to help the practitioner identify an EBI. In fact, this book will serve as a very useful guide to help parents and professionals select potentially effective interventions for children with ASD.
Marijuana and head and neck cancer.

Although head and neck cancer comprises only 5 to 7% (1) of human cancer, the devastating functional, psychosocial, and cosmetic affects as a result of standard therapy has delegated special importance to these tumors. Eighty-five percent of head and neck tumors have a squamous cell carcinoma histology and characteristically grow slowly with eventual regional lymphatic spread to cervical lymph nodes. Distant metastasis (below the clavicles) occurs in a late or more advanced stage and is generally considered incurable. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract including larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx and nose. Early cancers may be cured with radiation therapy or conservative surgical procedures. Advanced cancers without distant metastasis may require wide-field resection with post-operative radiation for cure.
Mathematical modeling of within‐host Zika virus dynamics

Recent Zika virus outbreaks have been associated with severe outcomes, especially during pregnancy. A great deal of effort has been put toward understanding this virus, particularly the immune mechanisms responsible for rapid viral control in the majority of infections. Identifying and understanding the key mechanisms of immune control will provide the foundation for the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapy. Here, we outline a mathematical modeling approach for analyzing the within-host dynamics of Zika virus, and we describe how these models can be used to understand key aspects of the viral life cycle and to predict antiviral efficacy.
Precision Targeting of BFL-1/A1 and an ATM Co-dependency in Human Cancer.

Cancer cells overexpress a diversity of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, such as BCL-2, MCL-1, and BFL-1/A1, to enforce cellular immortality. Thus, intensive drug development efforts have focused on targeting this class of oncogenic proteins to overcome treatment resistance. Whereas a selective BCL-2 inhibitor has been FDA approved and several small molecule inhibitors of MCL-1 have recently entered phase I clinical testing, BFL-1/A1 remains undrugged. Here, we developed a series of stapled peptide design principles to engineer a functionally selective and cell-permeable BFL-1/A1 inhibitor that is specifically cytotoxic to BFL-1/A1-dependent human cancer cells. Because cancers harbor a diversity of resistance mechanisms and typically require multi-agent treatment, we further investigated BFL-1/A1 co-dependencies by mining a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen. We identified ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase as a BFL-1/A1 co-dependency in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which informed the validation of BFL-1/A1 and ATM inhibitor co-treatment as a synergistic approach to subverting apoptotic resistance in cancer.
Land Surface Processes

The role of land surface processes on monsoonal mesoscale convection and rainfall is discussed. The chapter initially provides a foundational framework for the land surface and land–atmosphere coupling processes. This is followed by a discussion regarding the role and the need for improving land feedbacks within multiscale models and processes. In particular, the role of land surface models in providing surface boundary conditions within numerical weather prediction models is highlighted. Building on the observational understanding related to the role of land surface processes and changes on the regional weather and climate, the land surface feedbacks over the monsoon region are summarized. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for work on three challenges to advance the high-impact monsoon weather prediction. These challenges include (i) more realistic inclusion of land processes and model parameterizations that account for the land–atmosphere feedbacks; (ii) development of datasets including data fusion products that can be used for input conditions including initialization of the land models as well as validation of newer schemes; and (iii) more coordinated model calibration/validation efforts with focus on the monsoon region by community of users (such as Indian land model intercomparison project—using both offline and coupled studies). Studies are especially needed for improving the representation of human-managed landscapes such as urban areas and agricultural croplands in the monsoon region. A more concerted effort linking land model with boundary layer coupling, and convection / microphysical parameterizations is needed as they intimately impact the performance of the coupled numerical weather prediction system.
Organoiron- and Fluoride-Catalyzed Phosphinidene Transfer to Styrenic Olefins in a Stereoselective Synthesis of Unprotected Phosphiranes

Catalytic phosphiranation has been achieved, allowing preparation of trans-1-R-2-phenylphosphiranes (R = t-Bu: 1-t-Bu; i-Pr: 1-i-Pr) from the corresponding dibenzo-7-(R)-7-phospha-norbornadiene (RPA, A = C14H10, anthracene) and styrene in 73% and 57% isolated yields, respectively. The cocatalyst system requires tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) and [Fp(THF)][BF4] (Fp = Fe(η5-C5H5)(CO)2). In the case of the t-Bu derivative, the reaction mechanism was probed using stoichiometric reaction studies, a Hammett analysis, and a deuterium labeling experiment. Together, these suggest the intermediacy of iron-phosphido FpP(F)(t-Bu) (2), generated independently from the stoichiometric reaction of [Fp(t-BuPA)][BF4] with TMAF. Two other plausible reaction intermediates, [Fp(t-BuPA)][BF4] and [Fp(1-t-Bu)][BF4], were prepared independently and structurally characterized.
Towards early monitoring of chemotherapy-induced drug resistance based on single cell metabolomics: Combining single-probe mass spectrometry with machine learning

Abstract Despite the presence of methods evaluating drug resistance during chemotherapies, techniques, which allow for monitoring the degree of drug resistance in early chemotherapeutic stage from single cells in their native microenvironment, are still absent. Herein, we report an analytical approach that combines single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) based metabolomics with machine learning (ML) models to address the existing challenges. Metabolomic profiles of live cancer cells (HCT-116) with different levels (i.e., no, low, and high) of chemotherapy-induced drug resistance were measured using the Single-probe SCMS technique. A series of ML models, including random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and penalized logistic regression (LR), were constructed to predict the degrees of drug resistance of individual cells. A systematic comparison of performance was conducted among multiple models, and the method validation was carried out experimentally. Our results indicate that these ML models, especially the RF model constructed on the obtained SCMS datasets, can rapidly and accurately predict different degrees of drug resistance of live single cells. With such rapid and reliable assessment of drug resistance demonstrated at the single cell level, our method can be potentially employed to evaluate chemotherapeutic efficacy in the clinic.
Experimental and numerical investigation of cutting forces in micro-milling of polycarbonate glass

Polycarbonates have found important applications in various types of industries including optical, automotive, aerospace, biomedical, and defense manufacturing industries. Conventional mechanical m...
Influence of maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy on fetal cardiac function and outflow.

Background Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death, have been documented in children as young as 3 years of age. Maternal environment (eg, exercise) influences fetal development and long-term health. Thus, the development of the fetal cardiovascular system during pregnancy is likely a preliminary indicator of cardiac health at birth and a proxy for the future risk of cardiovascular disease throughout life. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supervised prenatal aerobic exercise at recommended levels on fetal cardiac function and outflow in the third trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesized that fetuses of aerobically trained women compared with fetuses of nonexercising women would exhibit increased cardiac function and greater cardiac output. Study Design Secondary data analyses of a 20-week, randomized controlled exercise intervention trial in pregnant women between 2015 and 2018 in Eastern North Carolina were performed. Eligibility criteria included pregnant women Results Of the 127 randomly assigned participants, 66 and 50 participants were included in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, respectively. Prenatal aerobic exercise significantly increased fetal right-ventricular cardiac measures of right ventricular stroke volume (P=.001) and stroke index via velocity-time integral (P=.003), right ventricular cardiac output (P=.002), cardiac index via velocity-time integral (P=.006), pulmonary artery diameter (P=.02), and pulmonary valve velocity-time integral (P=.03). Only in the intention-to-treat analysis was a significant difference in fetal left ventricular cardiac outflow observed; there was a greater aortic valve peak velocity (P=.04) found among fetuses of aerobically trained pregnant women. No other statistically significant between-group differences were found. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that participation in prenatal aerobic exercise at recommended levels may improve fetal cardiac function and outflow parameters. Follow-up cardiovascular measures in the postnatal period are needed to determine potential long-term effects on the offspring’s cardiac function and outflow.
Copper-Coated Reduced Graphene Oxide Fiber Mesh-Polymer Composite Films for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Expected to become mainstream in the electronic industry, flexible electronics still face major challenging issues. For polymeric based flexible electronic substrates in particular, these challenge...
Stop the Noise! A Framework for Improving Alarm Response Time on a Pediatric Inpatient Unit

Alarm fatigue is an ongoing problem that has received increasing attention as a patient safety concern. Recently the Joint Commission issued a Sentinel Event Alert that named frequent exposure to nonactionable alarms “the most common contributing factor to alarm related sentinel events.” This quality problem affects all institutions, but pediatrics in particular. Not only are high number of children placed on monitors, but their differing vital signs by age and smaller body size can create a high volume of alarms needing assessment. QI initiatives tailored to this population are needed to address this workforce and safety concern. The primary aim …
Retrospective study of hematologic complications in patients with slow-flow vascular malformations undergoing sclerotherapy.

Background Slow-flow vascular malformations (SFVM) are associated with localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC), which is characterized by elevated D-dimer and, when severe, hypofibrinogenemia. LIC results in intralesional clotting and hemorrhage and increases risk for significant thrombotic and bleeding complications. Sclerotherapy has been a suggested potential trigger for LIC worsening to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Hematologic complications of sclerotherapy in SFVM, along with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) used to prevent worsening LIC, are largely unstudied. Procedure Medical records of patients with SFVM and LIC who underwent sclerotherapy at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from July 2008 to December 2016 were reviewed for periprocedural hematologic complications. LMWH dose, frequency, and course length were evaluated. Results Fifty-nine patients with SFVM and LIC underwent 281 sclerotherapy procedures, of which 86% were in children. Eighty-five percent of patients received periprocedural LMWH, although at various doses and course lengths. No thrombotic complications occurred in children. One adult on LMWH developed pulmonary emboli after sclerotherapy. No major bleeding complications occurred postoperatively. In four patients, fibrinogen dropped below 100 mg/dL post-sclerotherapy, requiring cryoprecipitate. One patient required packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for sclerotherapy-induced hemolysis. No intraoperative bleeding or thrombotic events occurred. Conclusion LMWH use, at subtherapeutic dosing, was common in this patient population and did not appear to increase risk of significant bleeding before, during, or after sclerotherapy. In children with SFVM, bleeding and thrombotic complications after sclerotherapy appear rare. Although safe, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of LMWH to prevent worsening coagulopathy with procedures.
Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by cytopenia, systemic abnormalities, and predisposition to hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. These disorders have a variable clinical presentation, even within members of the same family, and some may not present until adulthood. Cytopenias, either uni-lineage or multi-lineage are a common feature at presentation. Early recognition, diagnosis and referral to a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation center is key to achieving long-term survival. Patients with IBMFS have a predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, and solid tumors, which poses specific challenges in their management.
Solar Systems for the Rural Body: Techno-Environmental Othering in India, ca. 1978

This article considers how solar energy discourse in the 1970s othered rural bodies in India. In the 1970s, proponents of solar energy seized the opportunity provided by the oil crisis to argue for...
Associations of Body Weight and Waist Circumference with Psychopathology, Substance Use, and Well-Being in an Adult Transdiagnostic Sample.

ABSTRACT Background: Prior studies have established inconsistent associations between body weight and mental health. However, most work has relied on body mass index (BMI) and examination of a single mental health variable. The present study examined associations of BMI and waist circumference with multiple mental health variables in a transdiagnostic psychiatric sample. Methods: Nursing staff measured waist circumference and calculated the BMI of 742 adults (54.6% female, 45.4% male) presenting for psychiatric treatment. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-24), and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) as part of standard clinical monitoring. Suicide risk was assessed using the clinician-administered Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). For curve fit estimation regression models, we entered BMI and waist circumference as independent variables separately; we entered seven dependent variables separately: 1) depression, 2) anxiety, 3) substance use, 4) self-harm, 5) interpersonal functioning, 6) well-being, and 7) suicide risk. Results: Increased BMI was associated with decreased well-being and increased depression. Increased waist circumference was associated with worse interpersonal functioning. Non-linear (quadratic) associations were observed between weight and depression, substance use, self-harm, and suicide. Limitations: Most of the sample was White and only 2.6% was in the underweight category, limiting broad applicability of findings. Cross-sectional design precludes causal attributions. Conclusions: Given associations between well-being, depression, interpersonal functioning, substance use, self-harm, and suicide with weight, findings may be used to inform mental health treatment, particularly by tailoring interventions to high-risk weight categories (underweight, obese) in psychiatric populations.
Sports Are Big Business, So Stop Playing Games: Why Federal Regulation Should Require Every Sports Agent To Possess a J.D.

Athletes in general, and student-athletes in particular, are at risk of falling prey to incompetent and unscrupulous sports agents, as demonstrated by many highly publicized instances of agent misconduct. Past and current efforts to resolve this problem have failed, and more robust, nationwide regulation is needed. As a "fix," this article proposes that Congress adopt legislation requiring that every sports agent (1) obtain a Juris Doctor degree and (2) pass the bar in at least one United States jurisdiction. Such a law would provide athletes with protection ex ante, by requiring agents to attain a baseline level of education and by subjecting agents to rules of professional conduct. The proposed law also would provide athletes with protection ex post, by giving them a direct and well-recognized cause of action against wayward agents.
What Life Events are Disclosed on Social Media, How, When, and By Whom?

Social media platforms continue to evolve as archival platforms, where important milestones in an individual’s life are socially disclosed for support, solidarity, maintaining and gaining social capital, or to meet therapeutic needs. However, a limited understanding of how and what life events are disclosed (or not) prevents designing platforms to be sensitive to life events. We ask what life events individuals disclose on a 256 participants’ year-long Facebook dataset of 14K posts against their self-reported life events. We contribute a codebook to identify life event disclosures and build regression models on factors explaining life events’ disclosures. Positive and anticipated events are more likely, whereas significant, recent, and intimate events are less likely to be disclosed on social media. While all life events may not be disclosed, online disclosures can reflect complementary information to self-reports. Our work bears practical and platform design implications in providing support and sensitivity to life events.
Determining the viability of a college or university-based business incubator: A comparative assessment of feasibility studies

This article explores the various elements of assessing the feasibility of developing a college or university-based business incubator. It is a narrative review of seven incubator feasibility studies, one of which is directed by the author. The purpose of the article is to outline the common elements of these studies, assess the goals of these studies and provide a framework by which institutions of higher education in other communities can utilize in assessing the viability of an incubator in their area. Given the sparse academic research conducted prior to an incubator’s formation, this article is meant to complement prior research that explores the operational aspects of established incubator programs and assist higher education administrators in the exploratory stages of establishing a business incubator. This article looks at seven community efforts prior to their launch of a business incubator and seeks to identify thematic areas and common processes that were used to determine whether or not sufficient conditions existed to warrant the establishment of a new business incubator.
Social stratification and family change in Japan and Korea

Dramatic changes in family formation and dissolution in East Asia are well documented (Chen & Li, 2014; Jones et al., 2009; Raymo et al., 2015; Yu & Xie, 2021). For example, in Japan and Korea mean...
Characteristics of Pediatric and Medically Compromised Patients Treated under General Anesthesia in a Middle Eastern Country.

AIM This study aims to describe dental treatment provided to healthy and medically compromised patients treated under general anesthesia (GA) over a four-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 97 patients who received dental treatment under GA at the Saint Joseph University, Lebanon, from 2016 to 2019 were included in the study. The study population was analyzed according to the patient's age, medical status, and type of treatment done accordingly. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 9.15 ± 8.84 years. About 58.8% were aged below 6 years (primary dentition) and 48.5% had medical problems. Dental procedures performed were mostly extractions (4.00 ± 4.15 per patient) followed by resin composite restorations (3.66 ± 3.02 per patient). The mean number of pulpotomies per patient (p <0.001) and stainless steel crowns (p <0.001) were significantly higher in primary dentition, whereas in permanent dentition, the mean number of endodontic treatments per patient (p = 0.016) was significantly larger. Also, there was a significant difference between the type of treatment done on healthy and medically compromised patients (p <0.001). CONCLUSION Better emphasis on oral health education and preventive strategies for children and special need patients is essential. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental GA is a reliable treatment for young uncooperative children and medically compromised patients. A multidisciplinary treatment plan must be conducted to ensure optimal oral healthcare and avoid unnecessary extractions.
Introduction: Why Feminism and Why Play?

This book rides on a few basic premises. The first is this: video games—and play more generally—need to matter more to feminists. Of course, I'm being a bit reductive here; video games already matter to a great number of feminists in a variety of ways. For example, many women and minority game developers who reside in the margins of the industry are endlessly engaged in conversations about why their workplace experiences matter and are indicative of larger issues of toxicity in the tech industry. 1 Similarly, minorities in eSports and competitive gaming are constantly absorbed with debates regarding why video games should matter to feminists. 21 And certainly, feminists who play games are already deeply enmeshed in the complexities of gaming culture, and indeed know why games and play matter. In part I write this book to speak to those feminists who are, perhaps, not already on board with the multitude of reasons why video games and play should matter to their political, cultural, and social philosophies. Simultaneously, my parallel goal is to start a conversation with those within and around the video game industry who may be ambivalent about feminism more generally. I hope here to convince them as to why feminism might matter to video games, improving an already-astounding medium.
Association Pattern Mining: Advanced Concepts

Association pattern mining algorithms often discover a large number of patterns, and it is difficult to use this large output for application-specific tasks. One reason for this is that a vast majority of the discovered associations may be uninteresting or redundant for a specific application. This chapter discusses a number of advanced methods that are designed to make association pattern mining more application-sensitive: 1. Summarization: The output of association pattern mining is typically very large. For an end-user, a smaller set of discovered itemsets is much easier to understand and assimilate. This chapter will introduce a number of summarization methods such as finding maximal itemsets, closed itemsets, or nonredundant rules. 2. Querying: When a large number of itemsets are available, the users may wish to query them for smaller summaries. This chapter will discuss a number of specialized summarization methods that are query friendly. The idea is to use a two-phase approach in which the data is preprocessed to create a summary. This summary is then queried. 3. Constraint incorporation: In many real scenarios, one may wish to incorporate application-specific constraints into the itemset generation process. Although a constraint-based algorithm may not always provide online responses, it does allow for the use of much lower support-levels for mining, than a two-phase “preprocess-once query-many” approach. These topics are all related to the extraction of interesting summary information from itemsets in different ways. For example, compressed representations of itemsets are very useful for querying. A query-friendly compression scheme is very different from a summarization scheme that is designed to assure nonredundancy. Similarly, there are fewer constrained itemsets than unconstrained itemsets. However, the shrinkage of the discovered itemsets is because of the constraints rather than a compression or summarization scheme. This chapter will also discuss a number of useful applications of association pattern mining.
Design of a laboratory experiment to identify the effects of environmental pollutants on materials

This paper describes an environmental system consisting of five exposure chambers and an experimental design for studying the effects of gaseous air pollutants [sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 )] on materials. Each chamber has the means for independent control of six environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, etc.) as well as the unique feature of chill racks that regulate the formation of dew on the test specimens. An accelerated test is achieved by a dew-light (xenon lamp) cycle to simulate diurnal conditions. Statistical techniques (analysis of variance) were used to correct for differences in light and pollutant distribution within the chambers before initiating a statistically designed environmental experiment. To study the interactions of pollutants and other environmental variables that are likely to have significant effects on materials, a two-level factorial arrangement was selected.
The use of antimicrobial peptides in ophthalmology: an experimental study in corneal preservation and the management of bacterial keratitis.

Purpose Bacterial keratitis is an ocular infection with the potential to cause significant visual impairment. Increasing patterns of antibiotic resistance have necessitated the development of new antimicrobial agents for use in bacterial keratitis and other serious ocular infections. With a view to exploring the use of novel antimicrobial peptides in the management of ocular infection, we performed a series of experiments using synthetic antimicrobial peptides designed for the eradication of common and serious ophthalmic pathogens. Methods Experiments were performed with three clinical ocular isolates--Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis--in three experimental settings: (1) in vitro in a controlled system of 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, (2) in vitro in modified chondroitin sulfate-based corneal preservation media (Optisol), and (3) in an in vivo animal model (rabbit) simulating bacterial keratitis. In all cases, outcomes were measured by quantitative microbiological techniques. Results The candidate peptides (CCI A, B, and C and COL-1) produced a total reduction of the test pathogens in phosphate buffered saline. In modified Optisol, the peptides were effective against S epidermidis at all temperatures, demonstrated augmented activity at 23 degrees C against the gram-positive organisms, but were ineffective against P aeruginosa. The addition of EDTA to the medium augmented the killing of P aeruginosa but made no difference in the reduction of gram-positive organisms. In an in vivo rabbit model of Pseudomonas keratitis, COL-1 demonstrated neither clinical nor microbicidal efficacy and appeared to have a very narrow dosage range, outside of which it appeared to be toxic to the ocular surface. Conclusion Our data indicate that the antimicrobial peptides we tested were effective in vitro but not in vivo. In an age of increasing antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides, developed over millions of years as innate defense mechanisms by plants and animals, may have significant potential for development as topical agents for the management of severe bacterial keratitis. However, modifications of the peptides, the drug delivery systems, or both, will be necessary for effective clinical application.