cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH on sorption and desorption of imazaquin and imazethapyr on clays and humic acid

The interaction of imazaquin (2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) and imazethapyr ((±)-2-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid ) with clay suspensions and humic acid was studied using a batch equilibrium method and by fluorescence emission spectroscopy []
The effect of A(2A) adenosine receptor activation on C-C chemokine receptor 7 expression in human THP1 macrophages during inflammation.

C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and its chemoattractant agonist CCL21 promote cell migration and expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in an atherogenic environment. Since A2A adenosine receptor activation reduces migration and inflammatory effects, we examined its effect on CCR7 expression and migration. CCR7 protein expression decreased by about a third in macrophages treated with A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 (p = 0.028, n = 7) and was reversed with antagonist, although mRNA levels increased twofold (p = 0.001, n = 3). Furthermore, macrophages treated with CGS 21680 showed a significant decrease in migration (p = 0.0311, n = 7). These results suggest that A2A adenosine receptor activation not only modulates CCR7 expression in both normal and inflammatory environments but also regulates macrophage migration to CCR7-specific chemoattractants.
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: A Transdiagnostic Biomarker of Emotion Dysregulation and Psychopathology

In the past two decades, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)-an index of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)-mediated cardiac control-has emerged as a reliable peripheral biomarker of emotion regulation (ER). Reduced RSA and excessive RSA reactivity (i.e., withdrawal) to emotional challenge are observed consistently among individuals with poor ER capabilities, including those with various forms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and those with specific psychopathological syndromes, including anxiety, phobias, attention problems, autism, callousness, conduct disorder, depression, non-suicidal self-injury, panic disorder, and trait hostility. Emerging evidence suggests that low RSA and excessive RSA reactivity index poor ER because they are downstream peripheral markers of prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Poorly modulated inhibitory efferent pathways from the medial PFC to the PNS result in reduced RSA and excessive RSA reactivity. According to this perspective, RSA is a non-invasive proxy for poor executive control over behavior, which characterizes most forms of psychopathology.
Change in Appearance of the Optic Disc Associated with Lowering of intraocular Pressure

Abstract This report provides additional documentation that the appearance of the optic disc may improve after intraocular pressure is lowered in patients with glaucoma. Photographic records of one of the authors (GLS) were reviewed retrospectively. Seven previously unreported cases showing apparent improvement of the optic disc were found, and the patients' charts were reviewed. In two cases the improvement was transient, and in five it was lasting. Patients with evidence of disc improvement had an age range of 5 to 55 years. In one case, the scleral ring decreased in size following the lowering of intraocular pressure. In the other cases, the disc appeared to "fill in" without change in the size of the scleral ring. When improvement is short-lived, it presumably represents edema. When of longer duration, it may be a response to anterior repositioning of a posteriorly displaced lamina cribrosa, a decrease in diameter of the sclera) ring, hypertrophy and/or proliferation of glial cells, or return towards normal of axonal metabolism. Because apparent improvement in the appearance of the optic disc can be subtle, it is usually not sought and is probably often unrecognized. Its true incidence is still unknown but appears to be underestimated.
The partitioned aquaculture system : impact of design and environmental parameters on algal productivity and photosynthetic oxygen production

Abstract Fish production in pond culture systems is often limited by the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Algal productivity greatly impacts the DO concentration but is difficult to control in traditional pond systems. The partitioned aquaculture system (PAS) was designed to increase fish production in pond systems by increasing net oxygen production through management of algal productivity and biomass concentration. This initial research was conducted to establish algal productivity and biomass levels in the PAS as a function of algal cell retention time, nutrient addition rate, water depth, and mixing and to characterize the photosynthetic oxygen production rate as a function of solar radiation. In order to focus on algal productivity, an inorganically fertilized PAS without fish was operated for this study. Algal productivity in the PAS was greater for the cell retention time of 1.2 days than 2.5 days, greater for external inorganic carbon addition rates of 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/l per day than for 0 mmol/l per day addition rate, greater for the water depth of 34 cm than 66 cm, and greater for the water velocity of 12.5 cm/s than 3.1 and 6.2 cm/s. Algal productivity rates of 5–10 g C/m 2 per day were achieved. Algal culture composition was impacted by inorganic carbon addition. Over a 2-year period, the algal culture was composed primarily of blue–green algae (Cyanophyta) when no external inorganic carbon was added, and green algae (Chlorophyta) at external inorganic carbon addition rates of 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/l per day. The maximum gross photosynthetic oxygen production rate at 20°C was found to be 0.096 mg O 2 /mg TSS per hour for predominantly blue–green algal cultures and 0.14 mg O 2 /mg TSS per hour for green algal cultures. Corresponding maximum algal specific growth rates, calculated using a literature value for algal cell composition, were 0.077 and 0.12/h for blue–green and green algae, respectively.
Review: Amiodarone reduces risk for sudden cardiac death but not all-cause mortality in cardiomyopathy

Source Citation Piccini JP, Berger JS, O’Connor CM. Amiodarone for the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1245-53. 19336434
Rights, equity, and economic efficiency

The Adelman-Morris premise that economic development and equity are incompatible is not supported by the evidence of a strong relationship between equality of rights and the income distribution. The premise that equity requires the denial of individual rights and the affirmation of state control is an oxymoron. What has been overlooked in the literature on growth and equity is the effect of the rights structure on both economic efficiency and on the income distribution. The evidence is that free societies have much larger shares of income going to the middle 60 percent of the distribution than is observed in societies where men are not free to choose. In politically open societies compared to politically closed regimes the share of income to the middle three quintiles is: Q2 (10.7 vs. 8.0), Q3 (16.0 vs. 11.5), and Q4 (22.9 vs. 17.9). In the aggregate the shares to the middle quintiles are 49.6 vs. 37.4. In nations that obey the rule of law compared to regimes in which the rights of the state relative to the individual are paramount the comparisons are: Q2 (11.2 vs. 7.4), Q3 (16.3 vs. 10.6), Q4 (23.0 vs. 17.3). Summing the three quintiles yields a comparison of 50.5 vs. 35.3. In countries that have private property, market allocation of resources, and minimum intervention by the state compared to command economies the shares of income to the middle quintiles are: Q2 (10.8 vs. 8.0), Q3 (16.0 vs. 11.1), and Q4 (22.8 vs. 17.7). Aggregated the shares of the middle class in regimes with high levels of economic liberty are 49.6 vs. 36.8 for regimes with restricted private economic rights. Equally revealing as a matter of equity is the status of the poor and the rich in free and statist nations. The income share of the highest income group is much larger in nations that repress individual rights than in those where rights are protected. Averaging across the rights measures the share of income going to the highest income quintile is 58.3 percent among the least free nations and is 44.4 percent among the most free, a staggering difference of nearly 14.0 percentage points. Among the poorest members of society choice of the rights regime does not have much of an impact on their share of income. While the share averaged across rights measures is larger in the most free nations (5.7 vs. 5.3), the difference is not statistically significant.3 Economic progress and equity are not incompatible. Nations can move to a less restrictive rights regime and increase economic efficiency, economic growth, and equity. Collectivism is a lubricious path to economic progress and equity. Using Ward's composite inequality index, they correlated the Ward measure with GNP per capita, Gastil's rights measures, and a number of other policy and quality of life variables. They found evidence that choice of economic system (capitalism vs. socialism) had no effect on the inequality measure, but that inequality diminishes with increases in civil and political rights.
Attitude change as a function of felt competence and threat to attitudinal freedom

Abstract An experiment was performed with 141 male college students to test the effects of two variables on the generation of negative attitude change. About one half of the subjects were led to believe that they were competent to deal with a certain issue; the others were led to believe that they were relatively incompetent. The competence variable was cross-cut by a two-level manipulation of threat to attitudinal freedom. Among competent subjects the high threat communication produced a significant negative change, whereas the low threat communication produced a negligible positive change. For relatively incompetent subjects there was an average positive change, and the threat variable had no significant effect.
Maintaining large planning systems during rapid technological change

In the United States, large computerized planning systems have become accepted managerial tools. Four prominent examples taken from ongoing public sector projects are described. The proliferation of computerized databases, greatly reduced costs for computer hardware, new efficient algorithms, and analytically trained managers have all contributed to this acceptance. Expanded use of large-scale planning systems depends on project managers taking advantage of future breakthroughs in computer hardware and software. Of particular concern are the design of forthcoming supercomputers and the impact of these designs on software planning systems. Three recommendations are presented. >
Effects of cyclic AMP and phorbol ester on transepithelial electrical resistance of Sertoli cell monolayers in two-compartment culture

Abstract The effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP ((Bu) 2 cAMP) and phorbol ester (TPA), in the absence or presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or testosterone, on the development of tight junctions by immature rat Sertoli cells (Sc) were investigated in vitro using the two-compartment culture system. The tight junction status was evaluated by repeated measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Untreated cell monolayers developed stable TER of approximately 120 Ωcm 2 during 3 days of culture. Continuous presence of FSH (200 ng/ml) from day 1 onward significantly increased the TER up to approximately 300 Ωcm 2 after a transient (24–36 h) delay. The initial delay was prolonged to 3–4 days by the addition of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) (0.2 mM), whereas the subsequent increase of TER was significantly potentiated by the concomitant presence of testosterone (10 μM). Cholera toxin (CHT; 10 ng/ml) and forskolin (FR; 50 μM) mimicked these FSH effects. (Bu) 2 cAMP, at concentrations which maximally stimulated immunoactive inhibin secretion (100–500 μM), inhibited the initial TER increase and significantly decreased the TER level when added on days 1 and 5 of culture, respectively. In contrast, low concentrations of (Bu) 2 cAMP (4–20 μM) consistently stimulated the TER development, mimicking the stimulatory phase of FSH action. TPA (100 nM) alone had no effect on TER development, but potentiated the stimulatory effect of testosterone in a manner similar to FSH, CHT, FR or low concentrations of (Bu) 2 cAMP. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a concentration-dependent, dual effect of exogenous cAMP on the Sc function. Moreover, our data suggest that, at least in vitro, FSH regulates the formation of inter-Sc tight junctions via a cAMP-mediated mechanism and that protein kinase C may modulate the testosterone-, but not FSH-dependent development of tight junctions by immature Sc.
A computer analysis of serial interactions in spaced responding

Serial dependencies in interresponse times were studied by means of a digital computer. In monkeys exposed to a DRL 20-sec schedule of reinforcement, serial interactions appeared at all stages of training. Early in training the serial effects consisted of trains of relatively long interresponse times interspersed among trains of relatively short ones. Later on, the serial effects appeared to be characterized by a tendency to drift up and down in long wavelength periods around the minimum interval required for reinforcement. After training to a point at which most interresponse times produced reinforcement, serial effects of a still more subtle nature appeared. These effects were made apparent by autocorrelation and power spectrum methods and consisted of both long-term and extremely short-term fluctuations in interresponse times.
Improved Efficiency of Desorption of Oxygenated Solvents from Activated Charcoal Using a New Polar Additive to Carbon Disulfide

Abstract In industrial operations where workers may be exposed to a mixture of polar and nonpolar organic vapors, such as in spray painting, the use of carbon disulfide as the desorption liquid for charcoal tubes or diffusion badges is inadequate. Desorption efficiencies for some polar analytes may be low, and a loading dependency of the desorption efficiency may be present, making quantitation difficult. Many researchers have added polar substances to carbon disulfide or used alternative polar desorption solvents or schemes; however, often the polar additive or solvent may be a compound of interest or interfere in some way with the analysis. Numerous polar and nonpolar solvents were found on charcoal tube and diffusion badge samples collected during automobile assembly spray painting operations. Methanol in carbon disulfide was tried as a desorption solvent but was found to be inadequate. Considerable improvement in desorption efficiencies for the polar analytes was obtained when 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethan...
High-throughput identification of in-gel digested proteins by rapid, isocratic HPLC/MS/MS.

The high sensitivity and accuracy of mass spectrometry for identifying proteins has led to an explosive expansion of proteomics research, necessitating rapid procedures for HPLC/MS/MS analysis. Current HPLC/MS/MS analysis usually relies on elution of peptides from the HPLC column with a gradient that takes a total of 45−70 min for each cycle, limiting sample throughput and the speed of protein identification. Here we report a simple method for high-throughput protein identification, using isocratic, either methanol- or acetonitrile-based buffer systems, HPLC elution into an LTQ mass spectrometer. This procedure allows each cycle of highly sensitive HPLC/MS/MS analysis to be completed in 5 min, thus boosting the efficiency of HPLC/MS/MS analysis 9−14-fold. Using this method, each operator can acquire HPLC/MS/MS data for 96 in-gel proteolytic digests in one 8-h working day. The method can easily be implemented in any laboratory with an LTQ mass spectrometer. This protocol should find wide application in mas...
Effect of Long-Term Right Ventricular Pacing in Young Adults With Structurally Normal Heart

Background— Right ventricular pacing increases the risk of heart failure in adults with structural heart disease. The impact of prolonged right ventricular pacing in adults without structural heart disease is not fully characterized and may depend on interactions of pacing with abnormal substrate predisposing to ventricular dysfunction. Methods and Results— We assessed the effect of right ventricular pacing in patients who underwent pacemaker implantation for isolated congenital atrioventricular block between 1964 and 2005. To assess for immunologic contribution to cardiac dysfunction, outcomes were compared between patients with (Ab+) and without (Ab−) antinuclear antibody during adulthood and an age- and sex-matched Olmsted County, Minnesota, population. Of 103 patients (mean±SD age, 32±19 years), 18 were Ab+. Long-term survival free of new heart failure after pacemaker implantation in isolated congenital atrioventricular block patients was worse than in the matched population (P<0.001). This difference...
The mechanism and consequences of chromatin assembly and disassembly

The Eukaryotic genome is packaged together with histone proteins to form the nucleoprotein structure called chromatin. This packaging of DNA into chromatin is critical to prevent inappropriate access to the DNA in order to enable the fundamental processes of the genome, such as gene expression, DNA repair and DNA replication, to be highly regulated. While many groups study histone modifications on the N-terminal histone tails and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, we study the ultimate end point of all of these chromatin dynamics, which is the physical removal of histones from the DNA, or their establishment or assembly onto the DNA. Using a combination of biochemistry, structural biology, molecular genetics in budding yeast and tissue culture studies we have identified and characterized the histone chaperones that mediate chromatin assembly and disassembly during replication, repair and gene expression, as well as revealing that these processes are regulated by histone modifications that influence histone-DNA contacts. We have also uncovered that the process of mitotic aging is accompanied by a global loss of approximately 70% of the histones from the genome, presumably leading to increased inappropriate gene expression and genomic instability. At this meeting, we will present our latest findings on chromatin assembly and disassembly.
Late Paleocene–early Eocene climate changes in southwestern Wyoming: Paleobotanical analysis

The warmest global temperatures of the Cenozoic Era occurred in early Eocene time, following a warming trend that started in late Paleocene time. The greater Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming is one of the best areas in the Rocky Mountains for paleobotanical investigation of the Paleocene-Eocene climatic transition. Intensive sampling has resulted in the recovery of an estimated 189 species of plant macrofossils from the Tiffanian, Clarkforkian, Wasatchian, and Bridgerian land mammal “ages.” The leaf morphologies and taxonomic affinities of these fossils were used in combination with other indicators to evaluate Paleocene-Eocene climates. Following cool humid conditions in the Tiffanian, the Clarkforkian was humid and subtropical, and several plant families with modern tropical affinities appeared. However, as in the Tiffanian, Clarkforkian floras had low diversity and were dominated by a single species in the birch family. Mean annual temperature (MAT) rose from an estimated 12 °C in the Tiffanian to 19 °C in the Clarkforkian, while mean annual precipitation (MAP) for the Tiffanian and Clarkforkian is estimated to have been 130‐150 cm. Little fossil plant material is preserved from the latest Clarkforkian or the earliest Wasatchian, which is thought to have contained an interval of cooling and drying followed by renewed warming. By the middle Wasatchian, the time of the Cenozoic thermal maximum, the inferred MAT was about 21 °C, and the MAP was near 140 cm. A second influx of plant families with tropical affinities appeared in the area, and diversity increased significantly, but most plant families known from the Clarkforkian persisted. Species turnover from the Clarkforkian to the Wasatchian was greater than 80%. A second turnover of more than 80% of species (but not families) from the Wasatchian to the early Bridgerian accompanied drying and increased seasonality of precipitation. The early Bridgerian MAT is inferred to have been near 20 °C and the MAP to have been about 80 cm. Except for the Tiffanian and possibly portions of the early Wasatchian, paleoclimates during the study interval were predominantly frost free. Although the moderating influence of the Green River lake system has been suggested as a possible explanation for mild Eocene winters in Wyoming, this study shows that virtually frostfree climates existed in the area prior to and independent of significant lake development.
Structure, Melting and Dynamics of Screened Coulomb Systems in 2D—Role of Substrate Corrugation

Abstract Physical properties of a large class of intercalation compounds can be modeled by a two-dimensional (2D) repulsive screened Coulomb system subjected to a substrate corrugation potential. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we have investigated structural, thermodynamic (mainly 2D melting), and dynamic properties of these systems for different intercalant concentrations and corrugated strengths. For parameters appropriate to RbC24, a stage-2 graphite intercalation compound (GIC), we obtain an incommensurate ground state structure consisting of nano domains of √7 × √7 triangular plaquettes separated by thick domain walls. A small decrease in the density gives a commensurate periodic domain wall ground state. In contrast to the corrugation-free systems, melting in these systems is continuous. Dynamics in the presence of corrugation show characteristics of a marginal fluid where solid and fluid-like dynamics coexist.
Syntheses, NMR and EPR Spectroscopy, Electrochemical Properties, and Structural Studies of [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(perfluoroalkyl)porphinato]iron(II) and -iron(III) Complexes

Syntheses, structural studies, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy of a number of [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(heptafluoropropyl)porphinato]iron derivatives are presented. The X-ray crystal structure of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(heptafluoropropyl)porphinato]iron(II)·(pyridine)2 exhibits a substantial S4 distortion of the porphyrin macrocycle, with the meso-carbon atoms displaced more than 0.6 A above and below the porphyrin mean plane defined by the four central nitrogen atoms; the most notable aspect of this ferrous porphyrin structure is the fact that it exhibits metrical features commonly manifested in crystallographically characterized ferric porphyrin complexes. X-ray data are as follows: P21/n with a = 12.772(1) A, b = 18.895(2) A, c = 19.756(2) A, β = 99.960(6)°, V = 4695.7(8) A3, Z = 4, and dcalc = 1.689 g/cm3. 19F NMR spectroscopy confirms the sensitivity of the 19F nucleus as a probe of macrocycle aromaticity and electronic structure, while 1H NMR spectroscopic studies show large isotropic shifts for the β-pr...
Geography, Me, and the IRB: From Roadblock to Resource

Discussion of human subjects protection in research conducted by social scientists has painted the costs and benefits in too-stark terms. Given that human subjects protection is a spatially and temporally stretched-out process involving multiple actors, there is more latitude for interpretation, flexibility, and negotiation than most are willing to concede. As a geographer active in human subjects research, and an institutional review board (IRB) chair at a large public university, the author occupies a unique vantage point from which to reflect on the contributions of geographers to human subjects protection and vice versa. The confidentiality of linked sociospatial data, mobility of research participants, and scalar mismatches in oversight constitute three issues that particularly concern geographers. In conclusion, broader pragmatic suggestions for productive interaction with IRBs are offered.
Comparison of Means: An F Test Followed by a Modified Multiple Range Procedure:

If used only when a preliminary F test yields significance, the usual multiple range procedures can be modified to increase the probability of detecting differences without changing the control of Type I error. The modification consists of a reduction in the critical value when comparing the largest and smallest means. Equivalence of modified and unmodified procedures in error control is demonstrated. The modified procedure is also compared with the alternative of using the unmodified range test without a preliminary F test, and it is shown that each has advantages over the other under some circumstances.
The relation of the Stanford‐Binet: Fourth edition to measures of achievement: A Concurrent validity study

The relation of performance on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SBIV) to performance on the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R) and Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery: Tests of Achievement (WJTA) was evaluated for a sample of 31 normal, elementary-aged students using both the area score and Sattler's factor score approaches. Qualitative comparison of the two approaches' association to achievement is made.
Free Drug Information Sources on the Web: Government Sites

This article discusses some of the drug-related databases that are available for free from governmental agencies. It includes databases produced by the National Library of Medicine, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other Health and Human Services agencies. Some of these sources may be very familiar to librarians, whereas others may be a bit more obscure. Hospital librarians have to be generalists and it may be hard for them to keep up in every subject area, especially with all the changes that are occurring in information resources.
Significance of N15 excess in nitrogenous compounds of biological origin.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the small increase in abundance of N15 normally found in nitrogenous compounds of biological origin is primarily due to mass discrimination in nit...
Frequency Analysis of Shallow Water Tables for Drainage Applications

In coastal areas with shallow aquifers, the minimum elevation of newly developed land is typically required to exceed the water-table elevation corresponding to a given return period. Determination of this regulatory water-table elevation usually requires a nonstationary frequency analysis of measured water-table elevations. In this paper, a simple and effective power-transform frequency-analysis procedure for extracting the requisite regulatory water-table elevation is presented and demonstrated. This procedure identifies the critical period yielding the maximum water-table elevation for a given return period, which is a robust regulatory elevation that might not need frequent updates. The assumptions underlying the proposed power-transform frequency-analysis procedure are shown to be valid at 23 of the 24 wells investigated in this study.
Ethics in Criminal Justice: John Dewey Revisited

John Dewey has much to say to contemporary criminal justice educational strategies, particularly in respect to broadening the curriculum to include exposure to the humanities, values exploration, and moral decision-making. The case study method, coupled with Socratic teaching use of varied materials from the humanities, can approach an optimal learning experience within the Dewayan model. This educational model is offered in response to the calls for sensitive, holistic criminal justice practitioners in the modern age.
A Nonlocal Phenomenological Anisotropic Finite Deformation Plasticity Model Accounting for Dislocation Defects

A phenomenological, polycrystalline version of a nonlocal crystal plasticity model is formulated. The presence of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) at, or near, grain boundaries is modeled as elastic lattice curvature through a curl of the elastic part of the deformation gradient. This spatial gradient of an internal state variable introduces a length scale, turning the local form of the model, an ordinary differential equation (ODE), into a nonlocal form, a partial differential equation (PDE) requiring boundary conditions. Small lattice elastic stretching results from the presence of dislocations and from macroscopic external loading. Finite deformation results from large plastic slip and large rotations. The thermodynamics and constitutive assumptions are written in the intermediate configuration in order to place the plasticity equations in the proper configuration for finite deformation analysis.
Differential binding of the AP-2 adaptor complex and PSD-95 to the C-terminus of the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B regulates surface expression

NMDA receptor expression on the plasma membrane and at synaptic sites is tightly regulated. We have recently shown that the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B has an endocytic motif contained within its C-terminus. We now identify this motif as a consensus tyrosine-based motif (YEKL) and demonstrate that this sequence binds directly to the medium chain of the AP-2 adaptor, a protein complex that links internalized proteins to clathrin. Although the AP-2 binding site on NR2B is adjacent to the PSD-95 binding site, it is distinct, as mutation of tyrosine 1472 of the endocytic motif disrupts AP-2 binding but not binding to PSD-95. Internalization assays reveal that like PSD-95, both SAP97 and PSD-93 inhibit NR2B-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, we find that co-expression of a PSD-95 mutant that is unable to cluster NMDA receptors also inhibits NR2B-mediated endocytosis. Together, these data demonstrate that AP-2 and PSD-95 bind to unique sites on the C-terminus of NR2B and have antagonistic functional consequences that are independent of the ability of the PSD-95 to cluster receptors on the plasma membrane.
Effect of Cleaning and Sanitizing on the Attachment of Pseudomonas fragi to Stainless Steel

The effects of two clean-in-place (CIP) procedures on attachment of Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4913 to a stainless steel surface were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under normal CIP conditions those cells that remained in the system did not exhibit attachment fibrils. Under conditions of lowered detergent water temperature and detergent and sanitizer concentrations, those cells that were present after CIP showed attachment fibrils. Organisms remaining after normal CIP were not viable, whereas those present after suboptimum cleaning were. These viable cells produced attachment fibrils within 24 hr at 21°C and 96 hr at 4°C when grown in milk.
Report of the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education.

President-Elect Jeffrey N. Baldwin created the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education as a special committee to serve during his term of office in 2009-2010. The Committee met in Alexandria, Virginia on October 4-5, 2009 and conducted the remainder of its business via electronic media.
Social lives in language – sociolinguistics and multilingual speech communities: celebrating the work of Gillian Sankoff

Social lives in language – sociolinguistics and multilingual speech communities: celebrating the work of Gillian Sankoff , edited by Miriam Meyerhoff and Naomi Nagy, Philadelphia, John Benjamins, 2...
Treatment considerations in carpal tunnel syndrome with coexistent Dupuytren's disease

Twenty-nine patients with involvement of 31 hands presented with coexisting carpal tunnel syndrome and ipsilateral Dupuytren's disease. Analysis of the patient population showed a high proportion of women, dominant hand involvement, and repetitive manual trauma. Various treatment combinations were used and the results evaluated. Simultaneous surgical excision of Dupuytren's contracture and carpal tunnel release gave compromised long-term results, particularly among the women. To minimize complications, it is advised that carpal tunnel release not be performed at the same time as excision of Dupuytren's contracture.
Multiresolution decomposition schemes using the parameterized logarithmic image processing model with application to image fusion

New pixel- and region-based multiresolution image fusion algorithms are introduced in this paper using the Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing (PLIP) model, a framework more suitable for processing images. A mathematical analysis shows that the Logarithmic Image Processing (LIP) model and standard mathematical operators are extreme cases of the PLIP model operators. Moreover, the PLIP model operators also have the ability to take on cases in between LIP and standard operators based on the visual requirements of the input images. PLIP-based multiresolution decomposition schemes are developed and thoroughly applied for image fusion as analysis and synthesis methods. The new decomposition schemes and fusion rules yield novel image fusion algorithms which are able to provide visually more pleasing fusion results. LIP-based multiresolution image fusion approaches are consequently formulated due to the generalized nature of the PLIP model. Computer simulations illustrate that the proposed image fusion algorithms using the Parameterized Logarithmic Laplacian Pyramid, Parameterized Logarithmic DiscreteWavelet Transform, and Parameterized Logarithmic Stationary Wavelet Transform outperform their respective traditional approaches by both qualitative and quantitative means. The algorithms were tested over a range of different image classes, including out-of-focus, medical, surveillance, and remote sensing images.
Studies on the mechanism of growth hormone and thyrotropin responses to somatostatin antiserum in anesthetized rats.

An iv administration of 1 ml sheep antiserum to somatostatin (anti-SS) resulted in marked increases of both serum GH and TSH, with a peak 10–20 min after administration in male rats anesthetized with urethane or pentobarbital. Administration of anti-SS had no effect on serum PRL. Ablation of the basal medial hypothalamus abolished the rises of both serum GH and TSH after anti-SS administration. Intravenous injection of 1 ml rabbit antiserum to TRH (anti-TRH) decreased serum TSH levels 15 min after injection, whereas injection of normal rabbit serum did not affect TSH levels. Serum TSH levels did not rise after injection of anti-SS in rats pretreated with anti-TRH. On the other hand, pretreatment with anti-TRH did not affect the basal serum GH levels nor the anti-SS-induced GH release. The enhanced secretion of GH and TSH after anti-SS injections was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. The following conclusions were made: 1) both GH and TSH responses o an...
Endoscopic Transmural Drainage of Peripancreatic Fluid Collections: Outcomes and Predictors of Treatment Success in 211 Consecutive Patients

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for the drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and predictors of treatment success in consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections. This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent endoscopic drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections over 7 years. Prior to drainage, an ERCP was attempted for stent placement in all patients with a pancreatic duct leak. Drainages were performed using conventional endoscopy or endoscopic ultrasound. Transmural stents and/or drainage catheters were deployed and endoscopic necrosectomy was undertaken when required. Data on clinical outcomes and complications were collected prospectively. A total of 211 patients underwent drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections that was classified as pseudocyst in 45%, abscess in 28%, and necrosis in 27%. Mean diameter of the fluid collection was 100.6 mm, and 34.5% of patients had pancreatic duct stent placement. Median duration of follow-up was 356 days. Treatment success was 85.3% and was higher for pseudocyst and abscess compared to necrosis (93.5% vs. 63.2%, p < 0.0001). Complications were encountered in 17 patients (8.5%) and was higher for drainage of necrosis than pseudocyst or abscess (15.8% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.02). Treatment success was more likely for patients with pseudocyst or abscess than necrosis (adjusted OR = 7.6, 95% CI [2.9, 20.1], p < 0.0001) when adjusted for serum albumin and white cell count, type of endoscopic modality or accessory used, pancreatic duct stenting, luminal compression, size and location of fluid collection. Endoscopic therapy is a highly effective technique for the management of patients with non-necrotic peripancreatic fluid collections.
Hyperplasia in the rabbit bladder urothelium following partial outlet obstruction. Autoradiographic evidence.

Previous experiments have shown that adult male rabbits subjected to partial outlet obstruction or overdistension and acutely labeled, 24 h later,in vivo orin vitro with3H-Thymidine(3H-TdR) show high levels of incorporated radioactivity in bladder epithelium when they are visualized with autoradiography. To test the hypothesis that such labeling represents the onset of a wave of proliferation (that is, true hyperplasia), we injected3H-TdR subcutaneously in two normal and three partially obstructed New Zealand White male rabbits on each of days One, Two or Three following obstruction. Bladders were excised on the seventh day(D) following obstruction or the sixth day after injection of normals. Under these conditions, cells labeled with3H-TdR had the opportunity to proliferate, after labelling, for6(OneD and Normals),5(TwoD) or4(ThreeD) days respectively. After processing tissues for autoradiography, normal bladders showed only trace levels of labeling. Animals exposed to3H-TdR one day after obstruction, when large numbers of basal cells of the urothelium are known to incorporate3HTdR (i.e., synthesize DNA), showed labeling in most layers of the urothelium seven days after injection, but levels of labeling in bladders injected TwoD or ThreeD were lower than those injected OneD after obstruction. The smaller numbers of urothelial cells labeled by3H-TdR in TwoD bladders were found in clusters where one or two alternate or adjacent layers of cells were labeled. Obstructed animals injected ThreeD after surgery showed even less labeling. This evidence clearly supports the hypothesis that DNA synthesis that occurs in the urothelium within 24 h after obstruction is followed by proliferation, because by the seventh day, labeling can be found at all levels of the urothelium. The decline of labeling in TwoD and ThreeD animals suggests that the proliferative stimulus probably operates only during the first 24 h after insult. The data suggest that a substantial fraction of the urothelium enters one or more rounds of proliferation following obstruction and support the contention that hyperplasia does occur.
Air pollution and children's respiratory health: A cohort analysis ☆

This paper uses a large database of multiple birth cohorts to study relationships between air pollution exposure and non-infant children's respiratory health outcomes. We observe several years of early-life health treatments for hundreds of thousands of English children. Three distinct research designs account for potential socioeconomic, behavioral, seasonal, and economic confounders. We find that marginal increases in carbon monoxide and ground-level ozone are associated with statistically significant increases in children's contemporaneous respiratory treatments. We also find that carbon monoxide exposure over the previous year has an effect on children's health that goes above and beyond contemporaneous exposure alone.
Evidence-Based Principles for Choosing Programs To Serve Parents in the Child Welfare System

Summarized here as criteria and questions to ask when choosing a program, the research evidence about services to parents in the child welfare system reveals three core principles: the parenting program fits the child welfare system, demonstrates specific accountability, and supports parental efficacy through engagement, empowerment, and leadership.
On the skull of a pliosaur (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Early Turonian) of the North American Western Interior

Abstract A partial pliosaur skull reveals anatomical features poorly known for Plesiosauria. The specimen lacks recorded contextual information, however preservational character and nannofossil analysis (earliest Turonian) suggests origination from the upper Greenhorn Limestone. The vomers bifurcate near their posterior termination, and are overlapped by long, slender extensions of the anterior pterygoids. The latter character has only recently been noted and may be variously developed in many if not all plesiosaurs. Large foramina commonly referred to as the ‘internal nares’ are formed at the juncture of the palatines, vomers, and maxillae. Configuration of the palatal elements differs in several ways from the only well established pliosaurid taxon of the North American Cretaceous, Brachauchenius. Particular differences include a more visibly elongate and lanceolate shape of the vomers, palatines which do not project as far anteriorly (similarly for the ‘internal nares’), and a squared posterior terminat...
PECTIN, STARCH AND TEXTURE OF POTATOES: SOME PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS

This review emphasizes the interrelationships between starch and pectins as factors determining different textural qualities of potatoes. It includes examples of texture control through processing treatments affecting the different ways in which pectins are involved in textumi qualities and tissue (celi) sloughing. Previously unpublished observations on cell sloughing and cell rupturing also are included.
The eighteenth C.U. Ariëns Kappers lecture: an introduction.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an introduction to the seventeenth C.U. Ariens Kappers Lecture. The C.U. Ariens Kappers Award was created to honor the first director of the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research. Cornelius Ubbo Ariens Kappers was born in Groningen in 1877 and became the first director of the Netherlands (Central) Institute for Brain Research, a position he held until his death in 1946. The award is presented approximately once every two years to a leading and outstanding neuroscientist. With his excellent work, he turned the institute into an internationally renowned place and the three-volume book of which he wrote the English version together with Dr. G.C. Huber and Dr. E.C. Crosby, entitled “The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, including Man (1936),” became a classic and is still well cited. Dr. Clifford B. Saper was invited to deliver the seventeenth C.U. Ariens Kappers Lecture during the 24th International Summer School of Brain Research on September 1, 2005, for his outstanding achievements in deciphering the neuroanatomy of the mammalian hypothalamus and its intricate pathways involved in the control of behavior and physiology of the organism. Dr. Saper was born in Chicago and received his training in biochemistry and neurobiology at the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois and his medical training at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. In the course of his career, he has received several awards among which are the McKnight Scholar Award, Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award and the Carl Ludwig Award of the American Physiological Society.
Photosynthetic assimilation of 14CO2 and fate of 14C-labelled photosynthate in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) near-isolines differing in alleles at the Rht1 and Rht2 reduced-height loci

Summary The mechanism by which reduced-height genes, Rht1 and Rht2 influence yield and harvest index (HI) were investigated in dwarf (D, Rht1Rht2), semidwarf (SD-1 and SD-2, Rht1rht2 and rht1Rht2, respectively), and tall (T, rht1rht2) near-isogenic lines (isolines) derived from winter wheat cv. Burt. Dry matter accumulation, yield, and assimilation, distribution, and retention of 14C label from photosynthetic assimilation of 14CO2, was followed in field-grown plants in Connecticut, USA. The relationships among the isolines were similar over the two years of study. The tall isoline ranked highest in grain yield and biomass, but had a small HI; SD-1 was similar to T in yield and biomass, but had the largest HI; SD-2 was similar to SD-1 in HI, but its yield and biomass were less than SD-1 and T; and D yielded the least grain and biomass and had a small HI similar to T. Following photosynthetic assimilation of 14CO2 during grain filling, the distribution of 14C in ears at maturity was similar for SD-1, SD-2, and T. When labelled shortly after anthesis or late in grain filling, the distribution of 14C to the mature ear of D was less than that for other isolines. At maturity D also retained the smallest amount of the radioactivity initially assimilated. The low yield and HI of D may be related to its inability to retain photosynthate and distribute it to the grain. The SD-1, SD-2, and T isolines did not differ in retention at maturity of 14C in the whole plant. When labelled shortly after anthesis, stems of T retained more 14C, which may represent a tendency to sequester more photosynthate in its stems that would reduce its HI at maturity. In contrast, the yield of SD-2 was limited by photosynthetic capacity.
Downtime experience for clinical linear accelerators.

The downtime for four linear accelerators in clinical radiation therapy has been studied for about four years. The time lost during patient treatment hours is on the average 3% with an in‐house technical service group, which invests approximately 1000 man‐hours per machine and year in preventive maintenance and repair. The time lost decreases significantly with time after installation.
Early maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative US birth cohort

Background: Maternal depressive symptoms are negatively associated with early child growth in developing countries; however, few studies have examined this relation in developed countries or used a longitudinal design with data past the second year of the child’s life. We investigated if and when early maternal depressive symptoms affect average growth in young children up to age 6 in a nationally representative sample of US children. Methods: Using data from 6,550 singleton births from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), we fit growth trajectory models with random effects to examine the relation between maternal depressive symptoms at 9 months based on the twelve-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and child height and body mass index (BMI) to age 6 years. Results: Mothers with moderate/severe depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum had children with shorter stature at this same point in time [average 0.26 cm shorter; 95% CI: 5 cm, 48 cm] than mothers without depressive symptoms; children whose mothers reported postpartum depressive symptoms remained significantly shorter throughout the child’s first 6 years. Conclusions: Results suggest that the first year postpartum is a critical window for addressing maternal depressive symptoms in order to optimize child growth. Future studies should investigate the role of caregiving and feeding practices as potential mechanisms linking maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories.