cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Testing of an Upper-Extremity Occupational Exoskeleton - Preliminary Report on Methodologies and Pilot Data:

Current and rapidly emerging occupational exoskeleton and exosuit technologies target increases in worker performance and safety through reductions of potentially harmful biomechanical exposures. W...
Toward a spoof-tolerant PMU network architecture

Abstract Formulation of and solution to an architecture design/upgrade problem for a PMU network overlaid on a transmission circuit are presented. The design/upgrade aims to cost-effectively enhance the phasor observability of the transmission circuit in the face of GPS signal spoofing attacks on the PMU network. Synchrophasor availability, defined at each bus as the fraction of time on average its voltage synchrophasor is correctly present for real-time usage, now takes into account of possible altered phasor data caused by spoofing, in addition to loss of PMU data caused by communication interruptions considered in our previous work. Achieved synchrophasor availability profiles of a PMU network constructed with and without imposing a spoofing-tolerant criterion for the 68-bus test system are compared to reveal the cost and benefit of spoofing-tolerance. The tolerance sought is achieved through two new developments. (1) Stochastic models for computing synchrophasor availability as a part of the network design/upgrade algorithm now include event arrival rates associated with spoofing induced data alteration and data recovery at every PMU node. (2) A practicable and scalable real-time isolation scheme is proposed using detection consensus of the neighboring partitions of a suspected PMU in a normally observable transmission circuit. Upon isolation of a spoofed PMU, its real-time function is accommodated through inference using analytic redundancy provided by a partial circuit model bordered by some intact neighboring PMUs. Detection, isolation, and inference are tested on the 68-bus system and shown guaranteed success for any single spoofed PMUs. Though promising test results are observed for simultaneous spoofing attacks on multiple PMUs, more cost-effective isolation and inference schemes are desirable.
RHESSI observations of particle acceleration in solar flares

The Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator in the solar system, producing ions up to tens of GeV and electrons to hundreds of MeV in solar flares and fast coronal mass ejections. The primary objective of the NASA Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) Small Explorer spacecraft (launched 5 February 2002) is to investigate particle acceleration and energy release in solar flares through imaging spectroscopy of flare hard X-ray/gamma-ray continuum and gamma-ray lines emitted by energetic electrons and ions, respectively. Here I present preliminary results on the hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy of a flare, including the spatial variation with energy of the hard X-ray sources, the energy spectra and timing of the individual sources, and spectral features and total energy content. RHESSI observes continuous solar emission in the 3-10 keV energy range, with many microflares from many active regions. These microflares have a non-thermal power-law component similar to normal flares but with much steeper spectral slopes. I also present the first high resolution gamma-ray line spectrum and the first imaging of gamma-ray lines, from the large X4.8 flare of 23 July 2002.
“Should Have Known Better than to Fraternize with a Black Man”: Structural Racism Intersects Rape Culture to Intensify Attributions of Acquaintance Rape Victim Culpability

Rape culture is characterized by prevalent rape of women by male acquaintances, which is exacerbated in the aftermath by negative social responses including attributions of victim culpability. In prior research, collaborators and I found that, consistent with norm theory, perceiving sociolegal context as unclear and ineffective in expressing that rape of women is a crime (vs. perceiving that law clearly and effectively expresses that rape is a crime) paradoxically intensified negative reactions and culpability attributions toward a woman raped by a male acquaintance. In the current research, I tested the hypothesis that, amidst rape culture, structural racism—in particular, disparate hypersexuality stereotyping of Black men—paradoxically would intensify attributions of victim culpability toward a woman raped by a Black male acquaintance. In Study 1, 268 students at a university in the Southern United States stereotyped Black men and Black women as more hypersexual than same-gender counterparts of other races/ethnicities. In Study 2, 238 students from the same university attributed more culpability to an acquaintance rape victim whose perpetrator was Black (vs. perpetrators of other races/ethnicities), and this effect resulted in part from rape-propensity stereotyping that was disparately activated by the Black perpetrator. Taken together, the present research highlights that intersectional dynamics do not work exclusively within members of particular groups, where marginalized identities coincide, but also in the contextual space that invisibly but undeniably affects people’s lives. Suggestions for combatting rape culture, structural racism, and their intersections are discussed.
A catalytic career: Studies spanning glutamine synthetase, phospholipase C, peroxiredoxin, and the intracellular messenger role of hydrogen peroxide

I learned biochemistry from P. Boon Chock and Earl Stadtman while working on the regulation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institutes of Health. After becoming a tenured scientist at the same institute, my group discovered, purified, and cloned the first three prototypical members of the phospholipase C family and uncovered the mechanisms by which various cell-surface receptors activate these enzymes to generate diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. We also discovered the family of peroxiredoxin (Prx) enzymes that catalyze the reduction of H2O2, and we established that mammalian cells express six Prx isoforms that not only protect against oxidative damage but also mediate cell signaling by modulating intracellular H2O2 levels. To validate the signaling role of H2O2, we showed that epidermal growth factor induces a transient increase in intracellular H2O2 levels, and the essential cysteine residue of protein-tyrosine phosphatases is a target for specific and reversible oxidation by the H2O2 produced in such cells. These observations led to a new paradigm in receptor signaling, in which protein tyrosine phosphorylation is achieved not via activation of receptor tyrosine kinases alone but also through concurrent inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatases by H2O2. Our studies revealed that Prx isozymes are extensively regulated via phosphorylation as well as by hyperoxidation of the active-site cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid, with the reverse reaction being catalyzed by sulfiredoxin. This reversible hyperoxidation of Prx was further shown to constitute a universal marker for circadian rhythms in all domains of life.
Does Tax Increment Financing Pass the “But-for” Test in Missouri?:

The use of tax increment financing (TIF) remains a popular, yet highly controversial, tool among policy makers in their efforts to promote economic development. This study conducts a comprehensive ...
Dynamic assessment as a screening tool for early identification of reading disabilities: a latent change score approach

We examined whether dynamic decoding assessment (DDA) predicts growth in word reading skill during first grade using latent change score models. In addition, we compared classification accuracy of the DDA to static measures for identifying students at risk for reading disabilities (RD) designated using the dual discrepancy criteria. At the beginning of first grade, students (N = 104) were assessed on the DDA and static measures of word reading, arithmetic, and domain-general and domain-specific skills. They were assessed again at the end of first grade on static measures of word reading and arithmetic. In DDA, students were taught six novel symbols associated with English sounds and how to read words in this new orthography. Instructional prompts were provided incrementally, from least to most explicit. The amount of instructional prompts required for a student to decode words in this new orthography was indexed as students’ learning potential for decoding. Results from a series of latent change score models indicate the DDA is positively associated with growth in word reading but not with arithmetic skill growth. The DDA made significant, positive contributions to word reading growth beyond domain-specific (phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming) and domain-general (behavioral attention, intelligence) predictors. Furthermore, the DDA improved classification accuracy by improving sensitivity when added to the static measures of word reading predictors, supporting the use of DDA as a supplementary screener for early prediction of RD.
Ending Ageism: Or How Not to Shoot Old People: Margaret Gullette, (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2017, 265 pp., $25.95)

In the last pages of Le Temps Retrouve, the final volume of Marcel Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past, he imagines the Duc de Guermantes, now grown frail with age, perched on stilts “as high as a ...
Weak gravitational lensing around field galaxies in Hubble Space Telescope survey images

Using data from the HST Medium Deep Survey, a long-term Key Project, together with generically similar archived data, we have discovered evidence for weak gravitational `shear' of background field galaxies (I = 22 -- 26) in the vicinity of isolated, foreground galaxies ( I = 15 -- 22), especially those of early type. The statistical lensing is demonstrated by the slight preferential orientation of the major axes of the background galaxies in directions at right angles to the lines joining them to the foreground ones. The detected shear is at the level of $\delta\phi = 2.5^{o}\pm 1.2^{o}$ averaged over the background galaxies at about ~10 half-light radii from 400 foreground ellipticals, corresponding to a polarization of about 0.04. A positive but less significant result is also reported for foreground spirals. This result excludes the de Vaucouleurs model for the mass distribution of ellipticals, but is consistent with elliptical galaxies having total M/L ~ 100 and extensive dark halos.
Anomalous Origins of All Three Coronary Arteries from Separate Ostia within the Right Aortic Cusp: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Coronary artery anomalies are congenital defects which are found incidentally or after cardiac events. While these are rare abnormalities with the majority of patients remain asymptomatic and largely undiagnosed, it remains to be a major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Anomalous origin of left coronary artery (ALCA) from the opposite right aortic sinus is extremely rare with less than 100 cases reported to-date. These patients are at increased risk for significant cardiac events, including SCD. In this report, we present a 48-year-old man with hypertension and marijuana use who was admitted initially with multi-lobar pneumonia and acute kidney injury, developed respiratory failure and sustained ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Coronary angiography demonstrated anomalous origin of all three main coronary arteries arising from right aortic sinus. In this report we also discuss the genesis of this rare and potentially fatal congenital abnormality and we highlight the diagnostic and management strategies available to-date.
Acetylcholine Regulates Pulmonary Pathology During Viral Infection and Recovery

Introduction This study was designed to explore the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in pulmonary viral infection and recovery. Inflammatory control is critical to recovery from respiratory viral infection. ACh secreted from non-neuronal sources, including lymphocytes, plays an important, albeit underappreciated, role in regulating immune-mediated inflammation. Methods ACh and lymphocyte cholinergic status in the lungs were measured over the course of influenza infection and recovery. The role of ACh was examined by inhibiting ACh synthesis in vivo. Pulmonary inflammation was monitored by Iba1 immunofluorescence, using a novel automated algorithm. Tissue repair was monitored histologically. Results Pulmonary ACh remained constant through the early stage of infection and increased during the peak of the acquired immune response. As the concentration of ACh increased, cholinergic lymphocytes appeared in the BAL and lungs. Cholinergic capacity was found primarily in CD4 T cells, but also in B cells and CD8 T cells. The cholinergic CD4+ T cells bound to influenza-specific tetramers and were retained in the resident memory regions of the lung up to 2 months after infection. Histologically, cholinergic lymphocytes were found in direct physical contact with activated macrophages throughout the lung. Inflammation was monitored by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunofluorescence, using a novel automated algorithm. When ACh production was inhibited, mice exhibited increased tissue inflammation and delayed recovery. Histologic examination revealed abnormal tissue repair when ACh was limited. Conclusion These findings point to a previously unrecognized role for ACh in the transition from active immunity to recovery and pulmonary repair following respiratory viral infection.
Association of gabapentinoid utilization with postoperative pulmonary complications in gynecologic surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

To investigate gabapentinoid utilization and association with postoperative pulmonary complications after gynecologic surgery.After Institutional Review Board approval, we performed this retrospect...
Bridge pier geometry effects on local scour potential: A comparative study

Abstract Scour, or the localized loss of soil around the foundation, is a dominant factor contributing to failure. Scour at bridge piers, columns of elevated buildings, and wind turbines with monopile foundations can cause damage after flooding and natural hazards. However, due to the lack of sophisticated modeling, scour is not fully understood. This study utilizes computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to understand the performance of different flow countermeasures in reducing the scour potential. We look at altering the flow around the pier and thereby alleviating the horseshoe vortices and downflow issues. CFD models are developed and validated with available experimental data. The recommended models, with turbulence closures, are employed to predict the bed shear stress for different pier configurations: streamlined shape, tapered sheath, delta vane, and guide wall with slanting vanes. Reductions in the maximum bed shear stress are 30% for both the angled plate and the delta vane, 20% for the tapered sheath, and 15% for the guide wall with slanting vanes. By reducing the bed shear stress, these countermeasures demonstrate their capability to mitigate scour. The proposed solutions have a potential to minimize the accelerated deterioration and protect bridges, elevated buildings, wind turbines, and coastal and offshore infrastructure against scour-induced failures.
Riptide: fast protein identification from mass spectrometer data

The biotechfirm target discovery incorporated (TDI) has developed a relatively fast and inexpensive method for protein identification. The final step in their approach involves an algorithm to deduce the terminal amino acid sequence of an unknown intact protein from its fragmentation mass spectrum. TDI's web-published algorithm was taken as a starting point for further research. The algorithm Riptide was developed that matches the output of TDI's algorithm, but demonstrates a 193X speed improvement on a 6-deep sequencing.
Constraints on Derivations

We study the effect of various constraints on derivations: Cyclicity, Freeze, and Shortest Steps. It will be shown that given a surface structure, one can effectively determine in polynomial time an ordering on the chain links such that any linear ordering extending it gives rise to a derivation. The length of the steps can be computed as well. Using this, it is shown that up to inessential variations Freeze and Shortest Steps select only one derivation as the right one, while Cyclicity leaves (in the worst case) exponentially many choices. Moreover, the combined effect of Shortest Steps and Cyclicity is determined, once again leading to an essentially unique solution.
Targeting gammadelta regulatory T cell recruitment for breast cancer immunotherapy (TUM2P.904)

Immunosuppressive microenvironments induced by regulatory T cells (Treg) present a major barrier for successful anti-tumor immunotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms for the accumulation of different subtypes of Treg cells in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is essential to improving cancer treatment. Enriched gammadelta1 T cell populations in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) suppress T cell responses and dendritic cell maturation in breast cancer, where their presence is correlated negatively with clinical outcomes. However, mechanism(s) that explain the increase in this class of gammadelta Treg cells in breast cancer patients have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that IP-10 secreted by breast cancer cells attracted gammadelta Treg cells. Using neutralizing antibodies against chemokines secreted by breast cancer cells, we found that IP-10 was the only functional chemokine that causes gammadelta Treg cells to migrate toward breast cancer cells. In a humanized NSG mouse model, human breast cancer cells attracted gammadelta Treg cells as revealed by a live cell imaging system. IP-10 neutralization in vivo inhibited migration and trafficking of gammadelta Treg cells into breast tumor sites, enhancing tumor immunity mediated by tumor-specific T cells. Together, our studies show how gammadelta Treg cells accumulate in breast tumors, providing a rationale for their immunological targeting to relieve immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.
Calcium and Phosphorus Derangements

Derangements in plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations can precipitate serious and life-threatening complications in critically ill patients. An understanding of the function and homeostasis of these ions is essential to fully comprehend the causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment of calcium and phosphorus imbalances. This article will help the critical care nurse to identify patients at risk, to recognize derangements early (while they are still mild), and to seek and monitor appropriate treatment.
A Half-Century of Social Work Research: Advances and New Challenges

This article provides an autobiographical account of the evolution and role of social work research since the beginning of my career as a social worker in the late 1960s. It traces the bumpy road from the days when the profession’s attitude about research was, at best, ambivalent to today’s emphasis on evidence-informed practice and empirically supported treatments. It ends by identifying several new challenges and their implications for future efforts to help further bridge the gap between research and practice in social work.
Specific genetic variants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans correlate with disease and health in a regional population of families with localized juvenile periodontitis.

A geographically homogeneous population of 83 subjects, from 21 families with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and 35 healthy control subjects was monitored, over a 5-year period, for the presence of the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to monitor the distribution of genetic variants of this bacterium in LJP-susceptible subjects that converted from a healthy to a diseased periodontal status. A. actinomycetemcomitans was cultured from 57% of the LJP family members accessioned into the study. Nine of 36 LJP-susceptible subjects, in seven families, developed signs of periodontal destruction. All but one of these conversion subjects harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans. Bacterial variants representative of a single RFLP group (II) showed the strongest correlation with conversion (P
A particle-based hybrid code for planet formation

Abstract We introduce a new particle-based hybrid code for planetary accretion. The code uses an N -body routine for interactions with planetary embryos while it can handle a large number of planetesimals using a super-particle approximation, in which a large number of small planetesimals are represented by a small number of tracers. Tracer–tracer interactions are handled by a statistical routine which uses the phase-averaged stirring and collision rates. We compare hybrid simulations with analytic predictions and pure N -body simulations for various problems in detail and find good agreements for all cases. The computational load on the portion of the statistical routine is comparable to or less than that for the N -body routine. The present code includes an option of hit-and-run bouncing but not fragmentation, which remains for future work.
Hydrogen embrittlement of Fe3Al alloys

Abstract The tensile and fatigue crack growth behavior of two FeAl alloys, FA-129 and FAP-Y, are described. FA-129 is an ordered intermetallic while FAP-Y is disordered. The intermetallic is embrittled by both laboratory air and by hydrogen gas, while FAP-Y is embrittled only by hydrogen gas. Fractographic features as well as dislocation substructures for both alloys are described. Oxygen is found to provide the highest ductility for FA-129 over a range of test temperatures. The fatigue crack growth rate of FA-129 is influenced by both the type of long-range order and by the test temperature, with the maximum growth rate noted at room temperature. The mechanism of embrittlement by various environments is discussed.
Host-associated genetic differentiation in the goldenrod elliptical-gall moth, Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

Careful study of apparently generalist phytophagous insects often reveals that they instead represent com- plexes of genetically differentiated host races or cryptic species. The goldenrod elliptical-gall moth, Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis, attacks two goldenrods in the Solidago canadensiscomplex: S. altissima and S. gigantea (Asteraceae). We tested for host-associated genetic differentiation in G. gallaesolidaginis via analysis of variation at 12 allozyme loci among larvae collected at six sites in Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginisfrom each host are highly polymorphic (3.6-4.7 alleles/locus and expected heterozygosity 0.28-0.38 within site-host com- binations). Although there were no fixed differences between larvae fromS. altissima and S. gigantea at any site, these represent well differentiated host forms, with 11 of 12 loci showing significantly different allele frequencies between host-associated collections at one or more sites. Host plant has a larger effect on genetic structure among populations than does location (Wright's FST 5 0.16 between host forms vs. FST 5 0.061 and 0.026 among altissima and gigantea populations, respectively). The estimated FST between host forms suggests that the historical effective rate of gene flow has been low ( Nem 1.3). Consistent with this historical estimate is the absence of detectable recombinant (hybrid and introgressant between host form) individuals in contemporary populations (none of 431 genotyped in- dividuals). Upper 95% confidence limits for the frequency of recombinant individuals range from 5% to 9%. Host association is tight, but imperfect, with only one likely example of a host mismatch (a larva galling the wrong host species). Our inferences about hybridization and host association are based on new maximum-likelihood methods for estimating frequencies of genealogical classes (in this case, two parental classes, F 1 and F2 hybrids, and backcrosses) in a population and for assigning individuals to genealogical classes. We describe these new methods in the context of their application to genetic structure in G. gallaesolidaginis. Population phenograms are consistent with the origin of the host forms (at least in the midwestern United States) via a single host shift: altissima and gigantea moth populations form distinct lineages with 100% bootstrap support. Genetic structure in Gnorimoschemais of particular interest because another gallmaking insect attacking the same pair of hosts, the tephritid fly Eurosta solidaginis, includes a pair of host races with partial reproductive isolation. Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginisand E. solidaginis therefore represent the first reported case of parallel host-associated differentiation, that is, differentiation by evo- lutionarily independent insect lineages across the same pair of host plants.
Creating a Multimedia Enhanced Problem-Based Learning Environment for Middle School Science: Voices from the Developers

This paper describes the design and development process used to create Alien Rescue, a multimedia-enhanced learning environment that supports problem-based learning (PBL) in middle school science. The goal of the project is to further our understandings of technology, pedagogy, and instructional theories as they relate to the application of PBL within middle school classrooms through the application of design-based research. A unique characteristic of the project is that it is developed entirely by a team of graduate learning technologies students, working under the direction and supervision of the faculty. Throughout the development process, graduate student developers learn steps and strategies for designing immersive learning environments, engage in technology development, and conduct research that informs future design iterations. Key features of the development model are described in detail and developers’ reflections are shared. Recommendations for those interested in engaging similar endeavors are provided.
Membrane phospholipids and hormone-sensitive lipolysis in fat cells

Abstract Isolated fat cells from rats which have been made hypothyroid do not give a lipolytic response to catecholamines. A recent report has suggested that catecholamine-sensitive lipolysis may be correlated with an “unmasking” of receptors by linoleic acid rich phospholipids in the fat cell membrane. No apparent differences in phospholipid fatty acid composition could be found in membrane “ghosts” prepared from normal and hypothyroid rats.
Suppurative parotitis in children.

Abstract Thirty-two cases of suppurative parotitis have been studied with respect to the course of the disease, bacteriologic features, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
Consistency of equations of motion in conformal frames

Four-dimensional scalar-tensor theory is considered within two conformal frames, the Jordan frame (JF) and the Einstein frame (EF). The actions for the theory are equivalent and equations of motion can be obtained from each action. It is found that the JF equations of motion, expressed in terms of EF variables, translate directly into and agree with the EF equations of motion obtained from the EF action, provided that certain simple consistency conditions are satisfied, which is always the case. The implication is that a solution set obtained in one conformal frame can be reliably translated into a solution set for the other frame, and therefore the two frames are, at least, mathematically equivalent.
13C and 18O compositions of carbonates from a cyclic carbonate-evaporite rock sequence: Evidences for meteoric water input

Abstract Twenty-five carbonate rock samples from a core section composed of seven thick rhythmic carbonate-evaporite sequences (Lower McKnight Formation, Early Cretaceous, south Texas, U.S.A.), were analyzed for carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. Results show the carbonate rocks to have δ 13 C = −0.38 to + 1.68‰ and δ 18 O = −4.60 to −2.48‰ vs. PDB, consistent with the reported world-wide values for carbonate rocks of Cretaceous age. Despite this low ∼2‰ overall variation, δ18O shows more variability than δ13C throughout the core section studied. Furthermore, δ13C and δ18O are covariant, becoming progressively lighter toward the overlying evaporites within each carbonate-evaporite sequence. The tendency toward lighter isotopic compositions together with the covariance between δ13C and δ18O in these carbonates is thus not reconcilable with a simple model of carbonate deposition in a marginal evaporitic basin upon continuous evaporation of seawater. Instead, the data imply contributions from isotopically light meteoric waters.
PLANT PHASE CHANGE AND RESISTANCE TO HERBIVORY

All plants pass through a series of predictable developmental stages during their lives, called phase changes. The phase change from juvenile to adult leaves is known to be associated with changes in resistance against plant pathogens and herbivores in several species. Virtually nothing is known about changes in resistance associated with the transition from embryonic tissue to autotrophic tissue in seedlings. We studied the consequences of transitions from cotyledons to juvenile true leaves to adult true leaves in cotton seedlings (Gossypium hirsutum) for their resistance to spider mites (Tetranychus urticae). Mite populations grew much more rapidly on cotyledons than on true leaves. However, there was no detectable difference in the population growth of mites on juvenile vs. adult true leaves. We suggest that population growth of mites is positively affected by the high rates of photosynthesis of cotyledons relative to true leaves, or by some process or attribute correlated with photosynthesis. Conditions that caused increased rates of photosynthesis (exposure to light and elevated concentrations of CO2) caused mite populations to increase. Greater mite population growth on cotyledons was not associated with stored reserves in the cotyledons, as the mites did poorly on cotyledons kept in the dark. This study indicates that phase changes can have profound effects on plant resistance to herbivores. Because the seedling stage is so vulnerable to herbivory and so critical to understanding plant population dynamics, a broader consideration of phase changes associated with seedlings is warranted.
Increasing the Consumption of Breast Milk in Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Can It Have an Impact on Necrotizing Enterocolitis?

Whole-body cooling, or therapeutic hypothermia, is increasingly becoming the standard of treatment for moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy because it reduces neurodevelopmental disabilities and mortality in term neonates. Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) of the newborn has been identified as a potential side effect of birth asphyxia. In recent literature, there has been an increase in SCFN in infants who received whole-body cooling in treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. Subcutaneous fat necrosis is a rare and self-limiting disorder of the adipose tissue that usually occurs in full-term or postterm infants. The disorder can appear days to weeks after birth and spontaneously resolves within weeks to months without any intervention but can have potential complications. With the increasing use of whole-body cooling in the neonate population, clinicians should be aware of SCFN as a possible side effect. This article describes a case of SCFN occurring after whole-body cooling on a term infant with perinatal asphyxia.
The holes are defined by the string

Must general relativity finally bow to quantum mechanics? Calculations that describe black-hole properties using collections of superstrings have gone some way towards resolving one of the most vexing puzzles in physics.
Connotative similarity and paired-associate learning

Fifty-one S s were divided into 3 groups; each group learned one of 3 lists of 8 word pairs (responses were available) prepared from an atlas of semantic profiles. A connotative list (C) comprised those word pairs which had similar mean values on one of three bipolar scales obtained from the atlas. An interference list (I) was composed of the same stimulus and response items as List C, but arranged so that dissimilar units were paired as associates. A mixed list (M) was formed by choosing half of the pairs from List C and the other half from List I. The results indicated that the learning of the 3 lists was directly related to the number of paired associates in each list that had common connotative meanings. It was concluded that connotative similarity of stimulus and response units facilitates the acquisition of paired-associates. The findings were replicated in an experiment in which the responses were not available.
Preservation of collagen and bioapatite fractions extracted from bison teeth in permafrost conditions

Abstract This research addresses the stability of bioapatite and collagen fractions of AMS dated steppe bison ( Bison priscus ) teeth. Through the course of other research, 8 prehistoric bison molars were submitted for AMS dating of fractions of collagen extracted from the dentine of each tooth. Because the teeth were well preserved and collagen yields were relatively high during the initial analysis, it provided an opportunity to further research differences between AMS dates produced on collagen from dentine and bioapatite fractions from enamel. The specimens were recovered from late Quaternary sediments of the Lost Chicken Creek drainage in east-central Alaska. All of the samples were very well preserved and gave high enough yield of carbon from both fractions. The 14 C/ 13 C ratio was measured using 0.5 MV tandem AMS system. The 14 C age of the samples varied across age ranges between 17,360 ± 50 and 43,370 ± 300 non-calibrated years BP. Such a wide range of ages allows us estimate the stability of each fraction in subarctic permafrost conditions. The results of analyses have shown that 14 C ages of bioapatite fraction are rejuvenated as a result of isotopic exchange with the younger carbon from the soil solutions. The dating of bioapatite from the samples collected in the boreal climate of Alaska is possible only with a certain correction for the isotope fractionation.
Secondary Amine Functional Disiloxanes as CO2 Sorbents

A series of two different types of secondary amine functional disiloxanes were prepared and screened as CO2 capture solvents. The first group of materials contained RNHCH2CH2CH2 side chains where the R groups were C1–6 alkyls. When R was a primary alkyl group, these materials exhibited CO2 uptake values slightly in excess of theoretical. As the alkyl groups were changed to more sterically hindered secondary or tertiary alkyls, the uptake was less efficient. Heats of absorption values for these materials were generally in the range 2000–2200 kJ/kg of CO2, values significantly lower than those obtained for primary amine functional disiloxanes (2500–2700 kJ/kg of CO2). Also explored were a series of secondary amine functional disiloxanes with X-CH2CH2NH-CH2CH2CH2– substituents. When X was an electron-donating group (RO-, R2N-, RO-CH2-) the CO2 uptake was also in excess of theoretical. Interestingly, these compounds were generally found to produce carbamate salts that were flowable, low-viscosity oils. Furthe...
On optimality of the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure for the false discovery rate

Abstract The Benjamini–Hochberg step-up procedure controls the false discovery rate (FDR) provided the test statistics have a certain positive regression dependency. We show that this procedure controls the FDR under a weaker property and is optimal in the sense that its critical constants are uniformly greater than those of any step-up procedure with the FDR controlling property.
Characteristics and Perspectives of Faculty at Public 2-Year Colleges

This descriptive study makes use of the 1999 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:99) public access database. It examines the demographic characteristics of full-time faculty in American public 2-year colleges at the close of the 20th century and how these characteristics differ across and within age groups. This study also examines levels of agreement between demographically subdivided groups of faculty members on opinions, institutional support and resources, and their degree of satisfaction with various aspects of the work environment. It also assesses the “gaps” that exist between various demographic groups. Implications for policy and practice, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.
Background and status of the EPC-II experiment

EPC-II is a cooperative program sponsored by the National Science Foundation between Stanford Research Institute and three technical journals (Computing Reviews, Computing Surveys, and Sociological Quarterly) to obtain data for predicting the economic, operational, and technical feasibility of an automated Editorial Processing Center (EPC). Included in this status report are discussions of the organization of the experiment, the functions included in the EPC, design choices, practical difficulties, and questions to be answered.
Porous polymer monolith for surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of small molecules.

Porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(benzyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths have been prepared on the top of standard sample plates used for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and the modified plates were used for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The hydrophobic porous surface of these monoliths enables the transfer of sufficient energy to the analyte to induce desorption and ionization prior to TOFMS analysis. Both UV and thermally initiated polymerization using a mask or circular openings in a thin gasket have been used to define spot locations matching those of the MALDI plates. The desorption/ ionization ability of the monolithic materials depends on the applied laser power, the solvent used for sample preparation, and the pore size of the monoliths. The monolithic matrices are very stable and can be used even after long storage times in a typical laboratory environment without observing any deterioration of their properties. The performance of the monolithic material is demonstrated with the mass analysis of several small molecules including drugs, explosives, and acid labile compounds. The macroporous spots also enable the archiving of samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transportation Asset Management Today: Communities of Practice in the Transportation Industry

Asset management is defined by FHWA as "a systematic process of maintaining, upgrading, and operating physical assets cost-effectively." This emerging discipline is evolving as researchers develop asset management guides, states implement specific components of it, and all units of government work to define what asset management means to them and tailor it to the needs of their organization. To help facilitate communication among these stakeholder groups, AASHTO and FHWA developed a website-based virtual community of practice (CoP). This CoP is a self-defined group of practitioners with an interest in transportation asset management. The website, Transportation Asset Management Today (TAMT), provides access to relevant links and a calendar of events and allows individuals to register for topics that match their personal interests, view reference materials, and post questions and ideas on discussion boards. Why an Internet CoP is an appropriate venue for advancing transportation asset management education ...
Single Oral Dose Ampicillin-Probenecid Treatment of Gonorrhea in the Male

Single oral antibiotic treatments of gonorrhea have not been universally successful. However, in this study of men who acquired gonococcal urethritis in the Philippines, a single oral dose of 3.5 gm of ampicillin with probenecid resulted in only eight failures of 202 patients (4.0%). The same dose of ampicillin without probenecid resulted in 12 failures of 41 patients (29.3%). Furthermore, single oral doses as high as 7.5 gm of phenoxymethyl penicillin were associated with higher failure rates, even with probenecid. In addition, the incidence of post gonococcal urethritis remained high regardless of the dose and duration of treatment. Therefore, a single oral dose of ampicillin with probenecid appears as a reasonable alternative to the standard treatment of acute gonococcal urethritis in men. Phenoxymethyl penicillin, on the other hand, should not be used in the treatment of gonorrhea.
Distinct CXC chemokines mediate tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of malignancy-related mortality in males in the United States. As a solid tumor, clinically significant tumor growth and metastasis are dependent on nutrients and oxygen supplied by tumor-associated neovasculature. As such, there is a selective tumorigenic advantage for those neoplasms that can produce angiogenic mediators. We show here that human prostate cancer cell lines can constitutively produce angiogenic CXC chemokines. Tumorigenesis of PC-3 prostate cancer cells was shown to be attributable, in part, to the production of the angiogenic CXC chemokine, interleukin (IL)-8. Neutralizing antisera to IL-8 inhibits PC-3 tumor growth in a human prostate cancer/SCID mouse model. Furthermore, angiogenic activity in PC-3 tumor homogenates was attributable to IL-8. In contrast, the Du145 prostate cancer cell line uses a different angiogenic CXC chemokine, GRO-α, to mediate tumorigenicity. Neutralizing antisera to GRO-α but not IL-8 reduced tumor growth in vivo and reduced the angiogenic activity in tumor homogenates. Thus, prostate cancer cell lines can use distinct CXC chemokines to mediate their tumorigenicity.
The “Unveiled Soul”: Hiram Powers's Embodiment of the Ideal

Hiram Powers (1805–1873), the American sculptor, lived in Florence from 1837 until his death. On 7 August 1853, he wrote to Elizabeth Barrett Browning, then a member of the Anglo-Florentine circle of artists, that “the legitimate aim of art should be spiritual and not animal,” and that “the nude statue should be an unveiled soul.”1 In this letter, Powers reflected a contemporary American view of man's animal nature as evil and added a moral refinement to the Platonic idea, articulated in the nineteenth century, that “philosophy demonstrates that rationality and intelligence, although connected with animal nature, rises above it, and properly exists in a more exalted state.”2
Shape preferences for simple Euclidian forms in three age groups.

UniueniQ of North Carolina at Asbeuille Since Fechner's seminal studies in the 1860s a number of investigators have examined preferences for simple geometric forms (2). The present report contributes to this literature by examining preferences for five such forms in three widely separate age groups. Preferences are compared for a circle, oval, square, equilateral triangle, and parallelogram of equal sides and interior angles of 60' and 120'. Each form was roughly 3.5 cm high, computer-generated in black on white paper. Of 154 participants, 60 (30 boys and 30 girls from local schools) were from 8 to 11 yr., 52 (27 men and 25 women from local colleges) were from 18 to 35 yr., and 42 (18 men and 23 women from local retirement communities) were from 60 to 95 yr. Each person rank-ordered the five forms on six separate sheets on which the forms were displayed in different random sequences. While a three-way analysis of variance (see 1, for a discussion of the use of this analysis with rank-ordered data) disclosed no significant main effects for age or sex, the main effect for form was significant (F,,,,, = 18.26, p<.001) as was the interaction between form and age (F,,,,, = 8.85, p<.001). Giving medians rather than means is appropriate for rank-ordered data. The circle and oval yielded the highest rankings; both medians were 4. The square had the lowest rank, with a median of 2, and the parallelogram and triangle fell in between with medians of 3. Comparisons with 1 df indicated that rankings of the circle, oval, and square each differed significantly from the overall ranking of 3 (ps < ,001). For interest a separate two-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the curved figures with the angulv ones for the three age groups, but did not show significance. The significant interaction of form with age was seen especially in the rankings of the parallelogram, which was the most highly rated figure by children, with a median of 4. While among the oldest group it produced the lowest median, namely 2, the 18 to 35 yr. group gave a median rank of 3. This form elicited the greatest disparity between groups.
Dispersion-Engineered Silicon Nitride Waveguide for Supercontinuum Generation at Visible Wavelengths

We propose a dispersion-engineered silicon nitride slot waveguide for nonlinear applications at the visible wavelength range. We show that an on-chip octave-spanning supercontinuum can be generated from 480 nm to 1200 nm.
Identification and Characterization of Two Parathyroid Hormone-Like Molecules in Zebrafish

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have receptors homologous to the human PTH (hPTH)/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) and PTH-2 receptor (PTH2R) and an additional receptor (PTH3R) with high homology to the PTH1R. To find natural ligands for zPTH1R and zPTH3R, we searched the zebrafish genomic database and discovered two distinct regions that, when translated (zPTH1 and zPTH2), showed high homology to hPTH. Isolation of cDNAs and determination of the intron/exon boundaries revealed genomic structures which were similar to known PTHs. Peptides consisting of the first 34 amino acids after the pre- and prosequences of the zebrafish PTHs (zPTHs) were synthesized and were shown to be fully active at the hPTH1R. zPTH2(1–34) was, however, approximately 30-fold less potent at the zPTH1R than hPTH(1–34), hPTHrP(1–36), and zPTH1(1–34). When tested with zPTH3R, zPTH1(1–34) and hPTHrP(1–36) showed similar potencies, whereas the potency of zPTH2(1–34) was moderately (3-fold) reduced. To determine whether other fishes have multiple PTHs, we...
Blockmodelling and role analysis in multi-relational networks

In this paper we introduce an approach for the analysis of multi-relational networks based on blockmodelling, investigation of role systems within these relations and an integrated visualisation to show all the analysis results in one representation. Our direct Blockmodelling-method is inspired by the Pajek-Approach generalised for two-relational networks and evaluated statistically against current indirect approaches. Based on the resulting blocks the interrelations between different relations are considered and represented as inclusion and equivalence dependencies. For better interpretation of these methods, we present a visualisation that presents actors, positions they belong, roles, and group concepts integrated and at one glimpse. Finally, we apply our methods to the “Krackhardt’s High-tech Managers” dataset to show the feasibility of the approach and present a different interpretation proposal for this well-known data set.