cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced geochemical gradients in a marine shallow-water hydrothermal system: Unusual arsenic speciation in horizontal and vertical pore water profiles

The shallow marine hydrothermal vents near Ambitle Island in eastern Papua New Guinea discharge hot, slightly acidic, As-rich, chemically reduced fluid into cool, slightly alkaline, oxygenated seawater. Gradients in temperature, pH, and total As (As T ), among others, are established as the two aqueous phases mix. The hydrothermal fluid contained !900lg/L As T , almost exclusively present as the reduced As III , while local seawater measured between 1.2 and 2.4lg/L As, with approximately equal levels of As III and As V . Of particular interest in this study was As speciation and abundance in pore waters as a function of sediment depth and as a function of distance from the area of focused venting. With increasing distance, As T concentration in the pore water decreased rapidly, but remained elevated up to 300 m from the area of focused venting when compared to a non-hydrothermal control site. As a function of depth (to!100 cm) As T concentration in the pore water profiles was elevated and generally increased with depth. Surprisingly, aqueous As V far exceeded aqueous As III at almost all distances and depths investigated, while at the control site the As III concentration exceeded that of As V . In the Tutum Bay hydrothermal system, chemical disequilibria among As species provide potential metabolic energy for arsenite oxidizing microorganisms where hydrothermal fluid mixes with seawater near the vent orifice, and for arsenate reducing microorganisms with increasing distance and depth from the hydrothermal point source. !2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analog performance of an ultrafast sampled-time all-optical fiber XPM wavelength converter

Analog performance of an all-optical ultrafast wavelength converter is measured and reported for the first time. The wavelength-conversion process is based on nonlinear cross-phase modulation in an optical fiber combined with an optical filter to convert phase modulation to amplitude modulation. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the converter is measured to be 82 dB/spl middot/Hz/sup 2/3/. We define a new metric called the SFDR power penalty, which measures the degradation in SFDR relative to baseline the back-to-back analog optical link. The SFDR power penalty was measured to be 5 dB/spl middot/Hz/sup 2/3/ and is shown to be a function of the input optical power. This metric is used to characterize the linear region of the optical wavelength converter.
`The Puerto Rican Way is More Tolerant': Constructions and Uses of `Homophobia' among Santería Practitioners Across Ethno-Racial and National Identification:

Existing academic analyses of Santeria portray it either as homophobic because of its hierarchical restrictions, or as the ultimate liberatory space for `sexual minorities'. Meanwhile, complicated uses of homophobia circulate in Santeria in ways often overlooked because of these aforementioned portrayals. This article examines constructions of homophobia as rooted in Whiteness/gayness, and how communities of color reproduce homophobia narratives. It then analyzes the charges of homophobia in relation to the everyday experiences and views among a group of US Santeros — many of whom are US ethno-racial minorities. I posit that national identity and ethno-racial background are key elements used by Santeria practitioners in charging each other with homophobia. This argument has implications for the study of Santeria spaces of worship, ethnic and racial studies, and sexualities more broadly.
Lived Experiences of Parents of Gifted Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder The Struggle to Find Appropriate Educational Experiences

The purpose of this phenomenological, qualitative study was to illuminate the lived, shared experiences of parents of gifted children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Thirteen parents were interviewed and the interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. This article specifically examines the parents’ experiences navigating the educational system for their children. All participants described the challenges associated with finding appropriate educational placements for their children due to the children’s unique social and academic needs. Parents recognized the incompatibility between their child’s characteristics and typical educational environments, and this incompatibility required parents to take an active role in designing and finding appropriate educational opportunities. These findings provide insight for school personnel and parents as they develop flexible services for twice-exceptional students.
Deflection Stability of Frames Under Repeated Loads

Experimental results in behavior of three portal-type structural steel rigid frames; one such frame was subjected to proportional loading, another, to repeated lateral loading causing alternating plasticity in one of members, and third to repeated lateral loading causing incremental collapse of frame; normally employed procedures for determining critical loads, based on simple plastic theory, were found conservative.
Diabetic Foot Care: Financial Implications and Practice Guidelines

Foot problems are common in the 12 million diagnosed and undiagnosed United States diabetic subjects, and result in extensive hospitalization, disfiguring surgery, lifetime disability, and a diminished quality of life. The unequivocal nature of a lower-extremity amputation makes this the best-defined and monitored of the diabetic foot problems. United States hospital discharge data from 1980 to 1987 indicated that amputation rates increased with advancing age, and were higher in blacks than whites, and men than women. Foot pathology has been reported as the most common complication of diabetes leading to hospitalization. Economic considerations extend beyond direct cost estimates based on numbers of affected individuals, and the cost and duration of patient care. Indirect cost estimates describing lost economic productivity because of related illness, disability, and premature death are needed. Multidisciplinary team approaches to diabetic foot care have reported statistically significant pre-post program reductions in morbidity and cost. Regardless of the care setting and the availability of foot care teams, diabetic foot care guidelines should be viewed by providers as recommended minimum practice levels to be adapted according to the patient's pathology, comorbidity, and abilities. Although guidelines specify minimum acceptable practice levels, they are not intended to set a ceiling on professional excellence.
Outside/in: Performance and belonging in Loins of Punjab Presents …

The question of belonging is central to Manish Acharya's satire Loins of Punjab Presents, which, I argue, uses a Hindi film song contest set in a New Jersey hotel and sponsored by a pork company to explore the processes of exclusion that are an essential part in the construction of national and cultural communities. This essay looks at the critical cinephilia in Loins, which positions itself in dialogue with existing films about diasporic South Asian communities – especially Karan Johar's Kabhi Khushi Khabie Gham – implicating cinematic representation in exclusionary practices and revealing the centrality of performance to ideas of belonging. Through its emphasis on representation and performance, the film celebrates the pleasures of film spectacle yet critiques and challenges cinematic constructions of ‘Indian’ and ‘American’. But while the film broadens both categories, it resists uncritical multiculturalism by incorporating a paranoid, post-9/11 US nationalism and white liberal orientalism.
Survey Reported Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Survival After Mitral or Aortic Valve Surgery

We sought to measure the impact of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on mortality in patients with mitral or aortic heart valve surgery (HVS) and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. We surveyed all patients (or a close family member if the patient was deceased) who had HVS without coronary artery bypass in 2006 through 2010 at the Mayo Clinic to assess if they attended CR after their HVS. We performed a propensity-adjusted landmark analysis to test the association between CR attendance and long-term all-cause mortality conditional on surviving the first year after HVS. Survey response rate was 40% (573/1,420), with responders more likely to be older, have longer hospitalizations, and have more aortic valve disease. A total of 547 patients (59% aortic surgery, ejection fraction 64%) with valid survey responses and 1-year follow-up were included in the propensity analysis, of whom 296 (54%) attended CR. There were 100 deaths during a median follow-up of 5.8 years. For all patients, the propensity-adjusted model suggested no impact of CR on mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.62). When stratified by procedure, results suggested a potentially favorable, but nonsignificant, effect in patients with mitral valve surgery (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.56), but not in patients with aortic valve surgery (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.64.) In conclusion, we found no survival advantage for patients with normal preoperative ejection fraction who attended CR after surgical "correction" of their severe aortic or mitral valve disease.
Unusual and Nonstandard Problems

When we say “nonstandard,” one might think of a variety of problems that could be unusual, complex, or “impossible to solve.” However, we can also say that “nonstandard” is the opposite of a standard or common way of thinking, or common methodology. For example, most of the time when we need to find the maximal or minimal value of a function, we often think of taking the derivative of a function. However, there are other techniques that can be used to solving problems about maximum and minimum values, including the use of the boundedness of functions such as trigonometric or quadratic functions, or use of different inequalities such as the inequality between arithmetic and geometric means, the Cauchy-Bunyakovsky inequality, or Bernoulli’s inequality.
Characterization of the promoter of human pulmonary surfactant protein B gene.

Pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) is required for normal surfactant function and for survival at birth. To further study SP-B gene expression, we sequenced genomic clones and examined promoter activity of SP-B DNA fragments by transient transfection. A plasmid construct containing human SP-B fragment - 1039/431 linked to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was readily expressed in H441 cells, which are derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma, but was < 4% as active in Hep G2, HeLa, and Calu 6 cell lines. SP-B promoter activity in H441 cells was orientation dependent and increased by linked Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhancer and was stronger than for thymidine kinase (tk) and RSV promoters. Deletional mapping of the 5' flanking region with exonuclease III suggested nonspecific negative (−811/ −1039)- and positive (−453/−641)-control regions and a cell-specific enhancer region at −208 to −54. When a fragment from −403 to −35 base pairs (bp) was placed upstream or downstream of tkCAT, in either orientation, expression in H441 cells but not other cell lines was increased 4- to 28-fold relative to tkCAT. Deletional analysis of the 3' terminus indicated a requirement for at least 7 bp 3' of the transcription start site. Promoter activity was strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by phorbol ester, with responsiveness mapped to bp −208/−54, but was not responsive to glucocorticoid. We conclude that the human SP-B gene promoter contains transcriptional control elements both 5'and 3' of the transcription start site and both a cell-specific enhancer(s) and phorbol ester-responsive site(s) in the first 200 bp of the 5' flanking sequence
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Psoriasis Are an Expanded Population Exhibiting Diverse T-Cell-Suppressor Mechanisms.

Psoriasis vulgaris is an inflammatory skin disease caused by hyperactivated T cells regulated by positive and negative mechanisms; although the former have been much studied, the latter have not. We studied the regulatory mechanism mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and showed that MDSCs expanded in melanoma patients express dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand, a critical mediator of T-cell suppressor function. We examined expansion of DC-HIL + MDSCs in psoriasis and characterized their functional properties. Frequency of DC-HIL + monocytic MDSCs (CD14 + HLA-DR no/low ) in blood and skin was markedly increased in psoriatic patients versus healthy control subjects, but there was no statistically significant relationship with disease severity (based on Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score). Blood DC-HIL + MDSC levels in untreated patients were significantly higher than in treated patients. Compared with melanoma-derived MDSCs, psoriatic MDSCs exhibited significantly reduced suppressor function and were less dependent on DC-HIL, but they were capable of inhibiting proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-17 responses of autologous T cells. Psoriatic MDSCs were functionally diverse among patients in their ability to suppress allogeneic T cells and in the use of either IL-17/arginase I or IFN-γ/inducible nitric oxide synthase axis as suppressor mechanisms. Thus, DC-HIL + MDSCs are expanded in psoriasis patients, and their mechanistic heterogeneity and relative functional deficiency may contribute to the development of psoriasis.
Intimate partner victimization and health risk behaviors among pregnant adolescents

Objectives. To provide lifetime estimates of intimate partner victimization among pregnant adolescents and examine associations between victimization and health risk behaviors identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality.Methods. Participants (n = 1233) were predominantly Latina (58%) and non-Latina Black (34%) pregnant adolescents (aged 14–21 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of group prenatal care in 14 clinical sites in New York City (2008–2012). They completed surveys to assess interpersonal victimization and risk behaviors: substance use, risky sexual behaviors, injuries or violence, unhealthy dietary behavior, and inadequate physical activity.Results. Fifty-two percent reported intimate partner victimization, which was associated with nearly all health risk behaviors.Conclusions. Pregnant adolescents who experienced intimate partner victimization were significantly more likely to engage in health risk behaviors, w...
Improved limit on the Ra 225 electric dipole moment

Background: Octupole-deformed nuclei, such as that of $^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$, are expected to amplify observable atomic electric dipole moments (EDMs) that arise from time-reversal and parity-violating interactions in the nuclear medium. In 2015 we reported the first ``proof-of-principle'' measurement of the $^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$ atomic EDM.Purpose: This work reports on the first of several experimental upgrades to improve the statistical sensitivity of our $^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$ EDM measurements by orders of magnitude and evaluates systematic effects that contribute to current and future levels of experimental sensitivity.Method: Laser-cooled and trapped $^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$ atoms are held between two high-voltage electrodes in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber at the center of a magnetically-shielded environment. We observe Larmor precession in a uniform magnetic field using nuclear-spin-dependent laser light scattering and look for a phase shift proportional to the applied electric field, which indicates the existence of an EDM. The main improvement to our measurement technique is an order-of-magnitude increase in spin-precession time, which is enabled by an improved vacuum system and a reduction in trap-induced heating.Results: We have measured the $^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$ atomic EDM to be less than $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}e$ cm ($95%$ confidence upper limit), which is a factor of 36 improvement over our previous result.Conclusions: Our evaluation of systematic effects shows that this measurement is completely limited by statistical uncertainty. Combining this measurement technique with planned experimental upgrades, we project a statistical sensitivity at the $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}28}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}e$ cm level and a total systematic uncertainty at the $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}29}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}e$ cm level.
Prostate biopsies: Available technique, approaches and diagnostic accuracy.

espanolA pesar de los avances en el diagnostico del cancer de prostata durante el siglo pasado, este sigue siendo una causa principal de muerte relacionada con cancer. Una recomendacion reciente contra el screening ha complicado mas aun el diagnostico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Sigue por demostrarse si las modalidades diagnosticas mas nuevas tendran un impacto sobre las tasas de mortalidad. Con toda certeza, no es necesario diagnosticar todos los canceres de prostata, y es necesario seguir trabajando con los metodos que permiten diagnosticar con precision los canceres mortales. En este articulo de revision describimos las diferentes tecnicas, abordajes y precision diagnostica de los metodos de biopsia utilizados actualmente. EnglishDespite advances in the diagnosis of prostate cancer over the past century, it remains a leading cause of cancer related death. A recent recommendation against screening has further complicated the diagnosis and management of this condition. It remains to be demonstrated if newer diagnostic modalities will have an impact on mortality rates. Most certainly, not all prostate cancers need to be diagnosed, and methods of accurately diagnosing those cancers that lead to death needs more work. In this review article, we describe the different techniques, approaches and diagnostic accuracies of the currently used biopsy methods.
Metastatic Breast Carcinoma to the Coronaries: A Rare Cause of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Abstract A 63-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma presented to the emergency department with symptoms characteristic of myocardial infarction. Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia and ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF, consistent with inferior wall myocardial infarction. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with intravenous contrast demonstrated widespread intrathoracic metastatic disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast revealed obstruction of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract by an LV mass. Cardiac MRI enabled detection of a rare case of myocardial infarction secondary to tumor emboli and intracavitary LV metastasis. This case report emphasizes the role of cross-sectional imaging including CT and cardiac MRI for unusual causes of myocardial infarction, particularly when associated with neoplastic processes.
Journeys to greatness

Readers, I hope, will forgive me for a shameless bit of self-publicity about my latest book, The Great Equations: Breakthroughs in Science from Pythagoras to Heisenberg (Norton). But then the book is partly yours too, inspired as it was by the responses of Physics World readers to my request for suggestions of great equations (October 2004 pp14–15). In the book, I chose to discuss not the most frequently mentioned equations, but those that seem to have engaged their discoverers in the most remarkable journeys.
Multi-Scale Predictability of High-Impact Weather in the Battlespace Environment

The accurate prediction of the coastal atmosphere-ocean environment is critical to the success of US Navy operations. Operations, such as strike warfare, special operations, carrier flight operations, mission planning and rehearsal, and sorties, may be adversely affected by the high-frequency spatial and temporal variations of environmental conditions that occur in the battlespace environment. The presence of horizontal and vertical wind shears, precipitation, clouds, ducting conditions, pronounced temperature and/or moisture gradients, and aerosols are among the conditions that may adversely impact Navy operations. Because of the chaotic nature of the atmosphere-ocean system, and its sensitive dependence on initial conditions, there will always be uncertainty associated with forecasts of these phenomena. Due to inevitable uncertainties in the initial state, forecasts are most appropriately viewed in a probabilistic sense; that is, forecasts should provide probabilities of the occurrence of specific events, as well as estimates of forecast skill (e.g., Leith, 1974). The only computationally feasible approach to this problem is to perform an ensemble of forecasts from equally plausible initial states. Due to the high dimension of the system, a large number of ensembles are necessary to accurately forecast the probability that a specific high-impact event will occur. These high-impact events can be extreme events, such as strong windstorms that generate aerosols and impact electro-optical (EO) conditions, or relatively weak forcing events such as stratus clouds that may impact flight operations and electro-magnetic (EM) ducting conditions.
Novel Photochromic Compound Composed of Azobenzene and Spiropyran to Control the Function of Kinesin Eg5

Kinesin Eg5 is a plus-end-directed microtubule-based motor that is essential for bipolar spindle formation during eukaryotic cell division. As Eg5 overexpressed in various malignant tumors, it has been considered as a potential target for cancer treatment. Loop L5 of Eg5 is a key region determining ATPase activity and motor function. Photochromic molecules undergo reversible isomerization in response to ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Azobenzene exhibits cis-trans isomerization upon UV and visible light irradiations. Spiropyran also shows spiro-merocyanine isomerization upon UV and visible light irradiations. We have previouly introduced photochromic molecules azobenzene derivatives or spiropyran derivatives into L5 and succeeded to control the Eg5 ATPase activity using light irradiation. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel photochromic thiol reactive compounds composed of azobenzene and spiropyran derivatives, IASA in order to control the function of Eg5 photo reversibly. IASP undergoes reversible isomerization among different three states. UV and visible light irradiations induced Cis-Mero state and Trans-Spiro state, respectively. In the dark, IASP exhibited Trans-Mero state. Therefore, it is expected that the different isomer states of IASP at the incorporated functional site of Eg5 may induce different conformational change of Eg5 resulting alteration of Eg5 ATPase and motor activities. The isomerizations of IASA were monitored by measuring absorption spectra. IASA was incorporated into the reactive single cysteine residue of Eg5 mutant. We tried to examine the photo reversible alteration of ATPase activity of Eg5 modified with IASA.
WORLDWIDE VARIATION IN THE USE OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY CAMERA TECHNOLOGY, RECONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE, AND ACQUISITION PROTOCOLS: FINDINGS FROM THE IAEA NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY PROTOCOLS STUDY (INCAPS)

Background: Although increasing attention has been drawn to medical radiation exposure, little is reported about worldwide variation in nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) techniques that may result in differences in radiation exposure. The IAEA Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Study (INCAPS) was
Crack Initiation and Growth from Pre-corroded Pits in Aluminum 7075-T6 Under Laboratory Air and Salt Water Environments

Small crack growth behavior, including the pit-to-crack transition, of pre-corroded aluminum alloy 7075-T6 was investigated under ambient air and saltwater environments. Through pit and corner crack pits were created prior to constant stress amplitude fatigue testing. The small crack growth life (SCGL) and crack initiation life (CIL) under salt water condition were about 5-8 times less when compared to those under ambient air. The ratio of SCGL to CIL was significantly smaller with large uncertainty (variation) under salt water environment. The small crack growth rates under salt water were 2-12 times larger than corresponding rates under laboratory air at identical stress amplitude and crack length. The crack lengths required to attain Paris region growth rates (Paris region threshold crack lengths) were about 1-3 mm for stress amplitudes less than 45 MPa. Sub-millimeter cracks attained 10−4 mm/cycle fatigue crack growth rates (FCGR) for stress amplitudes greater than 45 MPa. The crack growth rates of 0.25-mm-long cracks were about 2 times higher for salt water environment when compared to identical stress conditions in ambient air. Empirical crack growth rate versus stress intensity factor range equations similar to Paris law were developed for small crack growth and crack initiation under ambient air and salt water condition, for fatigue crack prognostics applications. For the design applications, a modified Kitagawa-Takahashi (K-T) diagram for corrosion-pitted aluminum 7075-T6 is presented.
La imaginación global y la ética cosmopolita en El asco de Horacio Castellanos Moya

La critica ha propuesto que El asco de Horacio Castellanos Moya muestra el desencanto y el cinismo tipico de las novelas centroamericanas de “posguerra” que critican el fracaso de los proyectos sociales de caracter utopico. En este trabajo, en cambio, se considera El asco dentro del contexto de un mundo en que el concepto de la nacion y especificamente el nacionalismo, en el marco del neoliberalismo, ha entrado en crisis. Arguyo que no hay una estrategia narrativa desencantada que denuncia los errores de la nacion, sino una etica que muestra una ruptura con la identidad nacional y el nacionalismo. El tono critico no debe interpretarse como desencanto dado no hay evidencia de un encanto nacional previo. El monologo, en cambio, anuncia una renovada etica humanitaria y cosmopolita que ha reemplazado la identificacion nacional. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 134, 2012: 553-565
An Overview of Sex Bias in C. neoformans Infections

Cryptococcosis, a fungal disease arising from the etiologic agent Cryptococcus neoformans, sickens a quarter of a million people annually, resulting in over 180,000 deaths. Interestingly, males are affected by cryptococcosis more frequently than females, a phenomenon observed for more than a half century. This disparity is seen in both HIV− (~3M:1F) and HIV+ (~8M:2F) populations of cryptococcal patients. In humans, male sex is considered a pre-disposing risk factor for cryptococcosis and males suffering from the disease have more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes. There are numerous observational, clinical and epidemiological studies documenting the male disadvantage in C. neoformans but with no further explanation of cause or mechanism. Despite being commonly acknowledged, little primary research has been conducted elucidating the reasons for these differences. The research that has been conducted, however, suggests sex hormones are a likely cause. Given that the sex difference is both prevalent and accepted by many researchers in the field, it is surprising that more is not known. This review highlights the data regarding differences in sexual dimorphism in C. neoformans infections and suggests future directions to close the research gap in this area.
Central and Mixed Venous O2 Saturation: A Physiological Appraisal

This chapter reviews the physiological principles that underpin the clinical use of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SmvO2) and those of its purported surrogate, central venous O2 saturation (ScvO2). The development of techniques capable of measuring these variables is described, along with the clinical data in favor or against their use in various clinical conditions. The physiological conditions giving origin to ScvO2 are reviewed, as well as clinical data comparing SmvO2 to ScvO2. Recent developments regarding the use of ScvO2 to guide therapy in the resuscitation of septic patients are discussed.
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Weight Loss Among Adolescents Receiving Sleeve Gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Severe obesity is associated with higher risk of psychiatric difficulties. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of severe obesity. Few guidelines exist regarding the association of psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and outcomes after surgery because of the lack of longitudinal research. Our objective is to evaluate the rates of psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents undergoing surgery compared with those not receiving surgery and the association of preoperative psychiatric diagnoses with postsurgical weight loss outcomes. METHODS: Adolescents (N = 222) referred for psychological evaluation at one institution for bariatric surgery (2009–2017) completed semistructured clinical interviews to assess the presence and number of psychiatric diagnoses. Comparison analyses were conducted between those who did not end up receiving surgery (N = 53) and those who did (N = 169). Using longitudinal modeling, we assessed the association of preoperative diagnoses with weight loss outcomes between 3 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of adolescents qualified for a psychiatric disorder. There were no differences in rates of specific disorders or numbers of diagnoses between those receiving surgery and those not receiving surgery. The presence or absence or number of diagnoses before surgery was not associated with weight loss outcomes after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric diagnoses are prevalent among adolescents with severe obesity. These diagnoses are not associated with weight loss outcomes. The presurgical psychological evaluation serves as an opportunity to identify adolescents experiencing psychiatric problems and provide them with care but should not necessarily be considered a contraindication to surgery.
Value of Occupational Therapy in a Pediatric Concussion Clinic (P6.298)

Objective: This study’s goal is to delineate the potential added value of OT services to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion team that optimizes functional recovery. Background: Complex pediatric patients who have sustained a concussion experience many functional impairments including pain, in coordination, cognitive problems and slowed reactions. Current consensus guidelines recommend multidisciplinary concussion clinics that include physicians and neuropsychologists who offer education, cognitive restructuring, medications and return-to-play/school guidance. Occupational therapists (OTs) can assess and intervene with occupations, client factors, performance skills and patterns and environment which are beneficial for these patients, yet OTs are not always included in these multidisciplinary teams. Design/Methods: This retrospective study included 51 consecutive patients diagnosed with concussion seen between 2013–2015 in a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion clinic. Participants with moderate/severe TBI were excluded. For each case, injury characteristics, demographics and assessments or intervention domains addressable by an OT were cataloged by an OT with experience in pediatric concussion. Results: Of the 51 cases, multiple OT assessments or interventions were judged useful for an optimal care plan. The distribution of these was as follows: occupations 100%, client factors 41%, performance skills 47%, performance patterns 37% and environment 18%. OTs offer critical expertise to the care team when devising an individualized plan of care, focused on eliciting volition and motivation from the client to return to meaningful activities after injury. OTs would use occupation-based assessments to establish baseline scores to guide intervention. Conclusions: In a pediatric concussion clinic, many services offered by OTs were identified as potentially useful for developing optimal individualized recovery programs. OTs offer distinct skills for analyzing activities and creating holistic, client-centered intervention plans that can complement the neurological and psychological care provided for these patients. Future studies will focus on how addition of OT services affects recovery and outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Harris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Giza has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rafeedie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Polster has nothing to disclose. Dr. Snyder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babikian has nothing to disclose.
Parent Involvement in Schools Along the USA–Mexico Border

This chapter reports on findings related to parent involvement in schools along the USA–Mexico border, specifically the neighboring states of Sonora in Mexico and Arizona in the USA. Historically, significant numbers of students from Sonora enrolled in Arizona’s schools. However, as the economy in the USA slowed in 2009, Sonora began to experience a return migration from the USA and schools there began to receive students from schools in Arizona. This return migration became evident in a 2009 Fulbright-Garcia Robles study on classrooms in Sonora and data from subsequent studies in 2010 and 2013 confirmed the increasing numbers of students enrolling from the USA as well as effects on Sonoran schools. Data from all three studies identified the need to attend to parents as well as students in the transition from one educational system to another in at least three areas: administrative support, bilingual language support, and identity development.
Can we infer heteronemertean phylogeny from available morphological data

This study uses morphological data from the primary literature to make a first pass at a cladistic analysis of the order Heteronemertea, which includes about one-third of the accepted species of the phylum Nemertea. This produced numerous trees and almost completely unresolved consensus trees. We conclude that this stems from imprecise and inadequate taxonomic descriptions of species and their morphological features, resulting in a limited number of characters and extensive homoplasy. The analyses neither support previously proposed ad hoc hypotheses of internal grouping nor do they propose robust new hypotheses. Rather, the analyses indicate that morphology-based cladistic studies of heteronemerteans will require very extensive, critical comparative study of heteronemertean morphological features. Re-examination of type material and common species appears to be the most fruitful approach to developing a clade-based classification of heteronemerteans.
1018-LBP: Comparative study of biofortuna sspgo hla typing product (IUO/PEO)

Aim This study compares the relative merits of a new HLA typing product soon to be available to laboratories in the USA – Biofortuna SSPGo HLA typing reagents marketed by Abbott to HLA typing reagents currently used in our laboratory. Evaluation points include reagent storage, ease of running the assay, reliability of the reagents, and comparability to established products. In a double-blinded study, we used the DNA of 100 patients, whose HLA antigens were well defined using lab-established SSO and/or SSP technologies. These patient HLA antigens covered 99% of all serologically defined HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. Methods HLA testing using the SSPGo typing reagents for Class I and Class II antigens were per manufacturer’s instructions using standard protocols. Shipment and storage of reagents were at ambient temperature. Results of the SSPGo typings were performed manually using manufacturer provided worksheets and also using the Biofortuna Verdict Interpretation software provided. Results The time needed to perform the SSPGo HLA typing was comparable to the time needed to perform HLA typing using established reagents. The Verdict software was easy to use and 100% accurate as compared to manual analysis. The concordance of HLA typing results between SSPGo HLA typing reagents and those in current use in our laboratory was 98% for Class I reagents, and 99% for Class II reagents. The failure rate of the SSPGo reagents was 0.3% overall. The ambiguity rate was 0.1%. Conclusions The Biofortuna SSPGo HLA typing reagents had the advantage of room temperature shipping and storage conditions, which is extremely helpful in laboratories short on freezer space. Their testing was comparable to established laboratory protocols in ease of use and time of set-up and interpretation, and was comparable in both HLA Class I and Class II typing results and ambiguity rates to what we are currently using in our laboratory. The SSPGo reagents had a slightly lower failure rate than what we are currently using.
Limitations on using CDOM as a proxy for DOC in temperate lakes.

Abstract Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has been widely studied as part of efforts to improve understanding of the aquatic carbon cycle, by laboratory, in situ, and remote sensing methods. We studied ecoregion-scale differences in CDOM and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to understand variability in organic matter composition and the use of CDOM as a proxy for DOC. Data from 299 lakes across the U.S. Upper Midwest showed that CDOM, measured as absorptivity at 440 nm (a440), correlated strongly with DOC (R2 = 0.81, n = 412). Colored lakes in the Northern Lakes and Forests (NLF) ecoregion drove this relationship. Lakes in the North Central Hardwood Forests (NCHF) had low color (most had a440
Content Analysis of Metaphors About Hypertension and Diabetes on Twitter: Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study

Background: Widespread metaphors contribute to the public’s understanding of health. Prior work has characterized the metaphors used to describe cancer and AIDS. Less is known about the metaphors characterizing cardiovascular disease. Objective: The objective of our study was to characterize the metaphors that Twitter users employ in discussing hypertension and diabetes. Methods: We filtered approximately 10 billion tweets for keywords related to diabetes and hypertension. We coded a random subset of 5000 tweets for the presence of metaphor and the type of metaphor employed. Results: Among the 5000 tweets, we identified 797 (15.9%) about hypertension or diabetes that employed metaphors. When discussing the development of heart disease, Twitter users described the disease as a journey (n=202), as transmittable (n=116), as an object (n=49), or as being person-like (n=15). In discussing the experience of these diseases, some Twitter users employed war metaphors (n=101). Other users described the challenge to control their disease (n=34), the disease as an agent (n=58), or their bodies as machines (n=205). Conclusions: Metaphors are used frequently by Twitter users in their discussion of hypertension and diabetes. These metaphors can help to guide communication between patients and providers to improve public health.
Using Instrument-Guided Team Reflection and Debriefing to Cultivate Teamwork Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes in Pre-Clerkship Learning Teams

Drawing on the science of teamwork and the science of learning, we designed an instrument-guided team reflection and debriefing activity to foster teamwork knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) in medical students. We then embedded this activity within and between a biweekly series of pre-clerkship Team-Based Learning sessions with the goal of encouraging medical students to cultivate a practical and metacognitive appreciation of eight foundational teamwork KSAs that are applicable to both healthcare teams and classroom learning teams. On evaluations, 144 learners from a class of 156 reported increased appreciation for and team improvement with these teamwork KSAs.
Ethnic influences on attractiveness and trustworthiness perceptions of celebrity endorsers

This research examines how the commonality or difference in ethnicity between consumer and celebrity endorser affects the attractiveness and trustworthiness consumers ascribe to recognizable brand ...
A Game Theoretic Approach for Making IoT Device Connectivity Decisions During Malware Outbreak

The paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT) aims to connect all the devices into a network. However, most IoT devices don’t have appropriate security protection, which allows cyber criminals to infect them through the network with malware and exploit them to launch attacks such as DDoS attacks or information stealing. Many proposed countermeasures, such as authentication enhancement and software update, are not practical d be to the constraints of IoT devices, malware’s fast spreading speed, and manufacturer laziness. One viable approach is to temporarily disconnect IoT devices to protect them from exploitation and to prevent infected ones from infecting more devices. However, in an IoT network, some devices may have significant responsibilities, for example serving as gateway to the Internet or in charge of critical monitoring or control tasks, and it may be beneficial to defer their disconnection. In this paper, we aim to apply game theory to formulate the problem of making decisions on the connectivity of IoT devices during malware outbreak as a repeated game, which allows individual IoT devices to make connectivity decision over time. We consider possible strategies that IoT devices can apply when calculating their payoff function, use numeric simulations to evaluate our game theoretic models, and derive several insights that can serve as guidelines for IoT network managers to configure the best connection/disconnection strategy for their IoT devices.
Breaking News and Younger Twitter Users: Comparing Self-Reported Motivations to Online Behavior

Breaking news represents an important avenue of information about current events, including life-or-death information during natural disasters, but it can also serve as a vector along which misinformation can rapidly spread. In the present work we study factors associated with the sharing of breaking news by young, college-aged students. Using a unique combination of survey and behavioral data, we identify traits associated with a propensity to share breaking news on Twitter.We find that individuals who share more breaking news report high levels of confidence in their ability to differentiate real from fake news and to manage information overload. However, breaking news sharing is not associated with the reported use of traditional fact-checking strategies (e.g., finding other sources for the same information) before sharing. Thus, our data are consistent with the idea that breaking news sharers tend to rely, at least in part, on confidence in their own understanding of the news when determining what breaking news to share. We contextualize these findings by studying patterns of general news sharing and non-news sharing, as well as studying connections between party affiliation and factors associated with the sharing of content.
Supermolecules steer electrons down a wrong-way street.

The controlled movement of electrons is of paramount importance for solving current technological problems that will have broad societal impact. Batteries for electric vehicles, quantum computers, efficient solar energy conversion devices, and nanoscale machines for biomedical applications represent just a handful of such possible advances. A current research thrust is to better understand and control the rate and directionality of electron transfer (ET) reactions. The problem of ET directionality has long fascinated scientists and engineers (1), and researchers in the field of electron donor (D)–acceptor (A) interactions are now deeply immersed in developing methods to exert control over electron motion in molecules, metamaterials, and bulk materials on micrometer and nanometer scales. The PNAS paper by Polizzi et al. (2) reports results on directional ET reactions in so-called “supermolecules,” inspired by the ET cascade found in the photosynthetic reaction center of plants and certain bacteria. This fundamental work is certain to enhance and stimulate new research in the field. It is easy to surmise that our ancestors watched lightning strike and wondered why it always came from the sky to the ground instead of the other way around (the properties of lightning, wind, and sunlight were good cause for humans to regard Earth’s sky as something special) (3). In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin’s (4) early experiments with keys and kites (some of the earliest documented D−A interactions), as well as Joseph Priestley’s (5) observations on oxygen evolution in photosynthesis, stimulated research on the nature of the electron and its connection to light interacting with matter (photoredox reactions). Twentieth century chemists such as Ciamician (6) noted the importance of these connections. Photosynthesis soon became a dominant topic in the fields of biology and botany. Through collaborations with chemists, biochemists, and physicists, the mechanism of the ET cascade in bacterial photosynthetic reaction … [↵][1]1Email: forbesm{at}bgsu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Use of oral immunoglobulins to treat diarrhea in pediatric kidney transplant recipients-Single-center experience and review of the literature.

Effective treatment modalities for diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients are lacking. We evaluated the effect of oral IgG on clinical course of diarrhea in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. We retrospectively studied all pediatric kidney transplant recipients who required hospitalization for diarrhea between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. We divided the recipients into two groups based on whether they had received oral IgG to treat diarrhea. Sixteen pediatric kidney transplant recipients required hospitalization for diarrhea over 3 years. Median age at admission was 9.25 years (IQR:12.54). Fifty-six percent of recipients were male, and 81% were white. Four patients received oral IgG for prolonged diarrhea. Oral IgG recipients had longer diarrheal duration before admission (median (days) 14.5 vs1; P .02), a trend for greater weight loss at admission (median (kilogram) 1.4 vs 0.2; P .3), and a trend for higher acute kidney injury (>75% reduction in glomerular filtration rate: 100% vs 42%; P .36). Diarrhea resolved completely in 3 (75%) oral IgG recipients and 7 (58%) non-oral IgG patients by discharge (P .99). One oral IgG recipient showed partial improvement but also had biopsy evidence of mycophenolate-induced colitis. All patients tolerated oral IgG well. No patients required re-hospitalization within 30 days of discharge. Oral IgG may be used safely and effectively to treat prolonged diarrhea in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. A larger, randomized, prospective study is needed to further assess the efficacy of oral IgG in the treatment of diarrhea.
Zero-Resource Neural Machine Translation with Monolingual Pivot Data

Zero-shot neural machine translation (NMT) is a framework that uses source-pivot and target-pivot parallel data to train a source-target NMT system. An extension to zero-shot NMT is zero-resource NMT, which generates pseudo-parallel corpora using a zero-shot system and further trains the zero-shot system on that data. In this paper, we expand on zero-resource NMT by incorporating monolingual data in the pivot language into training; since the pivot language is usually the highest-resource language of the three, we expect monolingual pivot-language data to be most abundant. We propose methods for generating pseudo-parallel corpora using pivot-language monolingual data and for leveraging the pseudo-parallel corpora to improve the zero-shot NMT system. We evaluate these methods for a high-resource language pair (German-Russian) using English as the pivot. We show that our proposed methods yield consistent improvements over strong zero-shot and zero-resource baselines and even catch up to pivot-based models in BLEU (while not requiring the two-pass inference that pivot models require).