cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Milk and Milk Component Production

Abstract Estimates of genetic parameters and environmental correlations were from deviations from modified contemporary average of standardized records of first lactations of Holsteins in Pennsylvania. Records were extended to 305 days and adjusted for month of calving prior to calculation of deviations. Heritabilities from intrasire correlations among paternal sisters were .23, .26, .22, .71, and .64 for yields of milk, fat, and protein, and percentages of fat and protein. Genetic correlations were positive and generally high between yields and between percentages. Correlations of milk yield with percentages were strongly negative. Environmental correlations among paternal sisters in the same herd were .08, .11, .10, −.04, and −.03 for yields of milk, fat, protein, and percentages of fat and protein. These statistics will be useful to plan optimum selection programs and to improve sire evaluation procedures, particularly for protein content and yield.
Anticipating problem drinking risk from preschoolers' antisocial behavior: evidence for a common delinquency-related diathesis model.

Abstract Objective Early first drinking (EFD) experiences predict later alcohol problems. However, the longitudinal pathway from early childhood leading to EFD has not been well delineated. Based on documented links between drinking behaviors and chronic antisocial behaviors, this article tests a common diathesis model in which precursive patterns of aggression and delinquent behavior—from preschool onward—anticipate EFD. Method Participants were 220 male children and their parents in a high risk for substance use disorder prospective study. Early first drinking was defined as having had a first drink by 12 to 14 years of age. Stacked structural equation models and configural frequency analyses were used to compare those with and without EFD on aggression and delinquent behavior from ages 3 to 5 years through 12 to 14 years. Results Delinquent behavior and aggression decreased normatively throughout childhood for those with and without EFD, although those with EFD showed precocious resurgences moving into early adolescence. Early first drinking was associated with delinquent behavior more than aggression. Early drinkers were more delinquent at most ages—with a direct effect of preschool predisposition on adolescent behavior only within the EFD group. Early first drinking was disproportionately likely among individuals with high levels of delinquent behavior at both 3 to 5 and 12 to 14 years of age but uncommon among individuals with low levels of delinquent behavior during those two age periods. Conclusions Early first drinking and delinquent behavior share a common diathesis evident before school entry. Intervention and prevention programs targeting problem drinking risk should focus on dismantling this emergent primarily delinquency-related developmental trajectory.
Cultured States: Youth, Gender and Modern Style in 1960s Dar es Salaam

Andrew Ivaska, Cultured States: Youth, Gender and Modern Style in 1960s Dar es Salaam (2011), 276 (Duke University Press, Durham, $84.95, paperback $23.95). In The Nation and its Fragments, Partha ...
Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) yield compensation processes under different plant densities and variable water supply

Abstract Sorghum, which is tolerant to high temperatures and drought, can be an alternative crop to maize in marginal irrigated areas where the irrigation water supply is limited during crop development. The objective of this work was to study the productive response and the compensation phenomena between the sorghum yield components sown at four densities under variable water supply in the climatic conditions of the Middle Ebro Valley (Spain). The technique of the sprinkler line source was used. This technique produces a continuous and diminishing gradient of water applied. The results showed that the differential irrigation treatments significantly affected the productive parameters and the grain yield of sorghum. Water stress produced a decrease of the seasonal evapotranspiration, total dry matter, grain yield and harvest index. The relationships between the total dry matter, grain yield and harvest index versus the seasonal irrigation water applied was linear in the four sorghum plant densities. The different established plant densities did not significantly affect sorghum aerial dry matter, grain yield and harvest index. The results showed that important yield compensation processes occurred when the sorghum crop was grown under limited conditions of irrigation water and plant population. In fact, a greater tiller production, a greater number of grains per panicle and a higher weight of grains compensated the smaller number of plants per m 2 of the lower plant densities. These results indicated that a high plant density did not present productive advantages in the sorghum grain yield.
How to Solve Linear Inequalities

Abstract : This paper is an attempt to solve the following constrained minimum problem: To present the most easily described algorithm for solving linear inequalities subject to the constraints, (1) The algorithm must be efficient. (2) It must be shown to terminate. The algorithm is a variant of the lexicographic simplex method which avoids using any artificial objective function.
Projectile velocity dependence of the alignment of he-like 2P states of foil excited S projectiles

Abstract The alignment of the 2P states of 32 and 105 MeV 1s2p He-like S ions excited by passage through a thin carbon foil has been determined from the ratio of the intensities of the 1s2p(2 1 P 1 )−1s 2 (1 1 S 0 ) and the 1s2p(2 3 P 1 )−1s 2 (1 1 S 0 ) lines. The experimental results give good agreement with the one and a half centered atomic orbital expansion calculation of Reading et al. and grossly disagree with the Oppenheimer-Brinkmann-Kramers approximation.
On the relationship between entropy, demand uncertainty, and expected loss

Abstract We analyze the effect of demand uncertainty, as measured by entropy, on expected costs in a stochastic inventory model. Existing models studying demand variability’s impact use either stochastic ordering techniques or use variance as a measure of uncertainty. Due to both axiomatic appeal and recent use of entropy in the operations management literature, this paper develops entropy’s use as a demand uncertainty measure. Our key contribution is an insightful proof quantifying how costs are non-increasing when entropy is reduced.
Teaching Criminological Theory: The Power of Film and Music

Interest in utilizing pop culture as a means of teaching and enhancing students’ understanding of complex or abstract ideas in the classroom has increased over the course of the past decade. This includes the use of film, television, fiction books, the internet, and music. The fields of criminology and criminal justice have also increasingly noted the value of using such means to teach about atrocities such as state crime, transnational crime and corporate crimes as well as issues of inequality, racism, and classism. Film, music and television can also be great tools to enhance the understanding of and ability to apply criminological theory. Most articles that have focused on incorporating the use of a ‘popular criminology’ within the classroom, however, have concentrated on one form or another of ‘pop culture’ (i.e., film). This article seeks to add to the existing literature by providing an example of how the use of film combined with music can not only enhance undergraduate criminology and criminal justice students’ ability to grasp criminological theory and apply it in their everyday lives, but also can be utilized as tools for exams.
The Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among College Students Focus on Auditory Status and Gender

Partner violence is a pervasive public health concern that has received significant attention over the past three decades. Although a number of studies have reported that college students who are Deaf or hard of hearing are at an increased risk of experiencing partner violence compared with their hearing counterparts, little is known about partner violence perpetration among college students who are Deaf or hard of hearing. Furthermore, beyond disability, studies examining partner violence among students with disabilities tend to ignore other potential risk factors that may increase the risk of partner violence as a victim and/or a perpetrator. This exploratory study examines the extent of partner violence among male and female college students by auditory status and the relationship between experiencing and perpetrating partner abuse (i.e., physical abuse and psychological abuse) and child maltreatment (i.e., witnessing abuse and experiencing child physical abuse). The study also examines gender differen...
2009 Special Issue: Predictive learning with structured (grouped) data

Many applications of machine learning involve sparse and heterogeneous data. For example, estimation of diagnostic models using patients' data from clinical studies requires effective integration of genetic, clinical and demographic data. Typically all heterogeneous inputs are properly encoded and mapped onto a single feature vector, used for estimating a classifier. This approach, known as standard inductive learning, is used in most application studies. Recently, several new learning methodologies have emerged. For instance, when training data can be naturally separated into several groups (or structured), we can view model estimation for each group as a separate task, leading to a Multi-Task Learning framework. Similarly, a setting where the training data are structured, but the objective is to estimate a single predictive model (for all groups), leads to the Learning with Structured Data and SVM+ methodology recently proposed by Vapnik [(2006). Empirical inference science afterword of 2006. Springer]. This paper describes a biomedical application of these new data modeling approaches for modeling heterogeneous data using several medical data sets. The characteristics of group variables are analyzed. Our comparisons demonstrate the advantages and limitations of these new approaches, relative to standard inductive SVM classifiers.
Targeting Silence: The Use of Site-Specific Recombination to Introduce In Vitro Methylated DNA into the Genome

DNA methylation has emerged as an important component of transcriptional regulation. However, our understanding of how DNA methylation influences transcription, chromatin structure, replication timing, and imprinting has been limited by the lack of experimental systems that permit control of the methylation state of genes in a chromosomal context. Here, we describe a novel technique that allows for efficient introduction of methylated and unmethylated DNA into defined sites in the mammalian genome. This protocol utilizes bacterial CpG methyltransferases to methylate the DNA of interest in vitro, followed by site-specific targeting using Cre recombinase. Long-term maintenance of the methylation state in vivo allows analysis of the biological consequences of methylation by direct comparison of the methylated and unmethylated state in the same genomic position.
Orchard Design Influences Fruit Quality, Canopy Temperature, and Yield of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu ‘Owari’)

Satsuma growers in Alabama have used various orchard designs to minimize freeze damage. These designs include interplanting between pecan and pine trees, and planting behind windbreaks. Interplanting satsuma trees with pine trees resulted in warmer temperatures within the orchard, while the other orchard designs did not moderate orchard temperature during severe freeze events. Satsuma fruit harvested from plots shaded by pine tree canopies had higher soluble solids content and reduced fruit weight. Dense pine tree canopies can provide an insulating effect that reduces freeze damage and yield losses when severe freezes occur, but heavy shading can result in lower yields when damaging freezes do not occur.
Molecular Abnormalities of the Glutamate Synapse in the Thalamus in Schizophrenia

: Schizophrenia has been associated with dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Synaptic glutamate activates pre- and postsynaptic ionotropic NMDA, AMPA, and kainate and metabotropic receptors, is removed from the synapse via five cell surface-expressed transporters, and is packaged for release by three vesicular transporters. In addition, there is a family of intracellular molecules enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD) that target glutamate receptors to the synaptic membrane, modulate receptor activity, and coordinate glutamate receptor-related signal transduction. Each family of PSD proteins is selective for a given glutamate receptor subtype, the most well characterized being the NMDA receptor binding proteins PSD93, PSD95, NF-L, and SAP102. Besides binding glutamate receptors, many of these proteins also interact with cell surface proteins like cell adhesion molecules, ion channels, cytoskeletal elements, and signal transduction molecules. Given the complexity of the glutamate neurotransmitter system, there are many locations where disruption of normal signaling could occur and give rise to abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Using multiple cohorts of postmortem tissue, we have examined these synaptic molecules in schizophrenic thalamus. The expression of NR1 and NR2C subunit transcripts is decreased in the thalamus in schizophrenia. Interestingly, three intracellular PSD molecules that link the NMDA receptor to signal transduction pathways are also abnormally expressed. Additionally, several of the cell surface and vesicular transporters are abnormal in the schizophrenic thalamus. While occasional findings of abnormal receptor expression are made, the most dramatic and consistent alterations that we have found in the thalamus in schizophrenia involve the family of intracellular signaling/scaffolding molecules. We propose that schizophrenia has a glutamatergic component that involves alterations in the intracellular machinery that is coupled to glutamate receptors, in addition to abnormalities of the receptors themselves. Our data suggest that schizophrenia is associated with abnormal glutamate receptor-related intracellular signaling in the thalamus, and point to novel targets for innovative drug discovery.
Evaluation of a multistage switching network with broadcast traffic

This paper presents the evaluation of a gigabit ATM broadcast switching network. The network is constructed with Benes topology and its switch elements consist of identical data slices each using shared buffers and a global controller. Unlike most switching networks in which there is normally one path from a given input port of network to any output port, in the Benes network there are several alternative paths. The Benes topology is used to construct a routing network and a copy network. In order to achieve the operation at gigabits/sec speeds, the system requires some parallelism. This is carried out by input port processors in which cells are converted to a bit-sliced form and sent to the switch elements. This paper also presents routing and multicast algorithms and evaluates the performance of this system using multicast traffic models.
Making the Female Condom a “Reality” for Adolescents

Alarming rates of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents point to the need for expanding contraceptive options for adolescents. The female condom-a female-controlled barrier method that protects both partners from sexually transmitted diseases-marks an important breakthrough in contraceptive technology. This report reviews current research on the efficacy and acceptability of the female condom and considers the feasibility of its use in the adolescent population. Specifically, the authors first consider the factors that affect teenage condom (and other contraceptive) use (efficacy, cost and availability, and acceptability) and then apply the mechanics of the female condom to these issues. Based on this analysis, recommendations for future steps to be taken by researchers, adolescent health practitioners, and the manufacturer of the female condom are presented.
The Journal of Music Teacher Education: A Content Analysis of Articles 1991–2011

We analyzed each article published in 20 years (1991–2011) of the Journal of Music Teacher Education (N = 282 articles) for possible changes across 5-year increments. All articles were examined by ...
Artificial Code Puncturing for Wireless Networks

Convolutional codes provide a robust means of forward error control, especially in a harsh communication medium like a wireless channel. The use of rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes, derived by code puncturing at the transmitter, is an established method to improve the throughput of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose to exploit the idea of code puncturing at the receiver end to improve the performance of wireless systems. It is shown that utilizing the proposed protocol yields a significant reduction in the frame error rate at the expense of a slight increase in computational complexity.
CASSON-GORDON INVARIANTS OF GENUS ONE KNOTS AND CONCORDANCE TO REVERSES

For genus one knots the Casson-Gordon invariant τ is expressed in terms of the classical signatures, generalizing an earlier result of P. Gilmer. As an application it is shown that the pretzel knots K(3, –5, 7) and K(3, –5, 17) are not concordant to their reverses.
Hybrid electrically pumped evanescent Si/InGaAsP lasers

Hybrid Si/InGaAsP Fabry-Perot evanescent lasers are fabricated via wafer bonding. Compared with previous similar devices, the current threshold density, turn-on voltage, output power and slope efficiency are all improved. Images show modal confinement to Silicon.
Divorce and the Adjustment of Children

1. E. Mavis Hetherington, PhD* 1. *Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia Department of Psychology, Charlottesville, Va After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the demographic changes associated with shifting patterns of couple relationships. 2. Identify the challenges, changes, and stresses associated with divorce, life in a single-parent family, and remarriage. 3. Delineate vulnerability and protective factors that influence children’s adjustment following divorce. 4. Identify the patterns of children’s adjustment following divorce and remarriage. 5. Discuss intervention strategies for divorcing families. Lynne was 4 years old and her brother David 8 years old when their parents, Marcia and George, divorced following an unhappy, contentious marriage and an acrimonious break-up. The conflict continued in the first year following divorce, as Marcia and George argued, often in front of the children, about money, visitation, and parental rights and responsibilities. Marcia, who had custody of the children, initially felt overwhelmed by the challenges of a dramatic decline in income; erratic support payments; and raising two anxious, confused, angry children alone. George remarried 1 year after the divorce, had a new child, and moved out of state. Although George had been close to David, he gradually drifted out of the children’s lives. At first he phoned, sent gifts, and saw the children for brief unsatisfying visits in the summer, but as distance and a new family took its toll, even these contacts ceased. Much to her surprise after the initial turbulence of the break-up, Marcia found herself happier in her new life. Her physical and mental health improved. Visits to the doctor were less frequent, and depressive symptoms that had immobilized her in the last years of her marriage abated. She developed competencies as she went back to school, got a better job, and became a more competent parent without a spouse who undermined her discipline. Parenting Lynne always had been easier than parenting David, and Lynne and her mother became closer …
A Legacy in 20th-Century Medicine: Robert Allan Phillips and the Taming of Cholera

The legacy of Captain Robert Allan Phillips (1906-1976) was to establish effective, evidence-based rehydration methods for the treatment of cholera. As a Navy Lieutenant at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (New York, New York) during World War II, Phillips developed a field method for the rapid assessment of fluid loss in wounded servicemen. After the war, he championed the establishment of United States Naval Medical Research Unit (NAMRU)-3 (Cairo; 1946) and NAMRU-2 (Taipei; 1955), serving at the helm of both units. Phillips embarked on cholera studies during the 1947 Egyptian cholera epidemic and brought them to maturity at NAMRU-2 (1958-1965), elucidating the pathophysiologic derangements induced by cholera and developing highly efficacious methods of intravenous rehydration. His conception of a simpler cholera treatment was realized in the late 1960s with the development of glucose-based oral rehydration therapy, a monumental breakthrough to which many other investigators made vital contributions. Today, these simple advances have been integrated into everyday medical practice across the globe, saving millions of lives annually.
Energetics and ecosystem integrity: The defining principles of sustainable agriculture

In this paper, we criticize recent definitions of sustainable agriculture as being overly based on short-term economic criteria, rather than long-term ecological criteria. A concise definition of sustainable agriculture is put forth, premised on the assumption that the ecological parameters of energetics and ecosystem integrity ultimately determine the long-term viability of farming systems. We share with others the view that, in designing sustainable farming systems, a broad array of social and economic factors should be taken into consideration. We believe, however, that these factors are not intrinsic to a sustainable agriculture, but rather separate, desirable goals.
Improved thyristor switching using a ferrite element

Experiments were performed to demonstrate lower switching-power dissipation in thyristors by using novel methods of obtaining more turned-on area in the devices. This was done by using very large gate currents to trigger the devices and by using a saturable magnetic component in series with the thyristors. The large gate signals turned on more of the cathode region and the saturable component allowed time for more lateral spreading of the conducting region once the thyristors were triggered. When thyristors are triggered into conduction, the voltage across them collapses and is transferred to the magnetic material. The domains in the material begin to align according to the small magnetizing current flowing. Most of the domains align after a short period of time, so that this saturation of the material (switching) allows the thyristors time to turn on more completely. As the voltage collapses across the saturable material the current rises quickly to its peak to complete the closing of the switch. Voltage and current switching waveforms are shown, and the associated power dissipation is calculated. >
Gene expression changes in multiple sclerosis relapse suggest activation of T and non-T cells.

A defining feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the occurrence of clinical relapses separated by periods of clinical stability. Better understanding of the events underlying clinical relapse might suggest new approaches to treatment. The objective of this study was to measure changes in the expression of RNA in the blood during relapse. We used microarrays to measure mRNA expression in paired samples from 14 MS patients during clinical relapse and while stable. Seventy-one transcripts changed expression at the P< 0.001 significance level. The most notable finding was decreased expression of transcripts with regulatory function, expressed primarily in non-T cells. These decreased transcripts included the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, which had a corresponding decrease in the protein concentration in serum. Transcripts with increased expression were expressed primarily in T cells. Pathways analysis suggested involvement of the cytokine network, coagulation and complement cascades, IL-10 signaling and NF-κB signaling. We conclude that there are alterations of mRNA expression in both T cells and non-T cells during MS relapse.
What Governs a Household's Choice between a Public School, a Private School and the No-Schooling Alternative? A Case Study of Rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

This paper examines the households' preferences for the public school, the private school and the no-schooling option in rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The results reveal that the quality of the local public schools and the costs of attendance have distinct effects on the school choice in the two states. The maternal and paternal preferences over the three schooling choices are not aligned. The composition of the household assets and the occupational structure seem to have important implications for child labor and hence for the schooling choices even after controlling for household income. At the village level, the presence of private schools, access to electricity and a lower level of caste-homogeneity play a crucial role in effecting the schooling choices of the households.
Enhanced Photon Collection in Luminescent Solar Concentrators with Distributed Bragg Reflectors

Escape cone loss is one of the primary limiting factors for efficient photon collection in large-area luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). The Stokes shift of the luminophore, however, opens up an opportunity to recycle the escaped luminescence at the LSC front surface by utilizing a photonic band-stop filter that reflects photons in the luminophore’s emission range while transmitting those in its absorption range. In this study, we examine the functional attributes of such photonic filter designs, ones realized here in the form of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fabricated by spin-coating alternating layers of SiO2 and SnO2 nanoparticle suspensions onto a supportive glass substrate. The central wavelength and the width of the photonic stopband were programmatically tuned by changing the layer thickness and the refractive index contrast between the two dielectric materials. We explore the design sensitivities for a DBR with an optimized stopband frequency that can effectively act as a top angle-res...
Renal Prostaglandins: Determinants of Intrarenal Distribution of Blood Flow in the Dog

SUMMARY 1. Indomethacin inhibited the synthesis of prostaglandins in isolated bloodperfused canine kidneys. 2. Blood flow to the inner cortex was reduced to a greater degree by indomethacin than blood flow to the outer cortex, resulting in redistribution of fractional blood flow to the outer cortex. 3. A prostaglandin, probably PGE,, appears to participate in the regulation intrarenally of medullary vascular resistance and thereby inner cortical blood flow. The capacity of the renal medulla to synthesize prostaglandins is surpassed only by that of the seminal vesicles (dinggard, Bohman, Griffin, Larsson & Maunsbach, 1972). Inhibition of synthesis of renal prostaglandins results in a prompt reduction in renal blood flow (Lonigro, Itskovitz, Crowshaw & McGiff, 1973). These anatomical, biochemical and physiological considerations lead us to postulate that the rate of production of prostaglandins by the kidney is an important determinant of renal medullary vascular resistance. By this action prostaglandins could participate in the regulation of blood flow to the renal medulla and thereby influence concentrating mechanisms and excretion of salt and water. In the present study, in isolated blood-perfused canine kidneys, we assessed the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of the renal circulation by measuring the intrarenal distribution of blood flow before and after inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by indomethacin (Vane, 1971). The isolated kidney was chosen for this study because it excludes the operation of cardiac, nervous and extrarenal hormonal influences which might affect fractional distribution of renal blood flow. Further, the response of the isolated kidney to prostaglandins is indistinguishable from that of the kidney in situ.
Nonlinear finite element simulation of the large angle motion of flexible bodies.

Finite element simulations of the geometrically nonlinear, large angle motion of flexible bodies are presented and discussed. The simulations use ABAQUS, a commercially available nonlinear, large strain-displacement structural finite element program. To evaluate the capabilities of ABAQUS, simulation results for three examples are presented: a large angle maneuver of a cantilevered beam, the nutation of a rotating free-free beam observed from a rotating frame, and the spin-up of a cantilevered beam from rest. The spin-up problem is a standard test case which tests for false divergence of the beam above a critical spin rate. In these simple examples, ABAQUS successfully simulates the large rotational motion, correctly capturing the geometrically nonlinear effects. The success of these simple examples indicates that ABAQUS, or similar nonlinear finite element programs, could be used to simulate the large angle rotation of arbitrary structures when a high fidelity t ruth model is desired.
Water Loss Dynamics and Humidity Preference of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults

The water loss dynamics and humidity preference of Rhynehophorus em­ entatus (F.) adults were investigated. Total body water averaged 47 ± 8% by mass, and cumulative loss increased with time at all humidities tested (0, 33, 63, and 100% RH) at 30°C. Death occurred more rapidly in low than in high humidities, at which time weevils had lost =50% of their total body water. Cuticular permeability of weevils calculated from exposure to 0% RH for 2 h was 39.5 ± 4.1 and 75.9 ± 8.1 JLg cm- 2 h- 1 mmHg- 1 when surface areas were calculated using Meeh's fOlmula and planimetry, respectively. When given a choice, R. eruentatus adults chose high over low relative humidity after exposure for 2 and 24 h. R. ementatus adults are subject to desiccation under a drying environment and may use habitat location to conserve water. THE LARGEST WEEVIL in the continental United State is Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.) (Wood­ ruff 1967), a relatively rare insect that breeds in a variety of stressed palms (Giblin-Davis & Howard 1989). The range of R. cruentatus is confined to the southeastern United States, where it extends southward from South Carolina through Florida to the Florida Keys and west­ ward through the coastal regions of the Gulf States into Texas (Wattanapongsiri 1966). In Florida, R. cruentatus is associated with the na­ tive cabbage palmetto, Sabal palmetto (Walter) (Woodruff 1967). The closely related weevil, R. palmarum (L.), is distributed southward from Mexico and Cuba into South America and the West Indies (Wattanapongsiri 1966) and in many areas is the primary vector of the red ring nem­ atode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb). This nematode is responsible for red ring disease, an important malady of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L., and the African oil palm, Elaeis quineensis Jacq. in the Neotropics. The route of nematode transmission to healthy palms is not fully understood, but it probably occurs in the region of the leaf bases, stem internodes, or ex­ isting wounds during oviposition by nematode­ infested R. palmarum adults. Semiochemicals emanating from wounded or dying palms (Chittenden 1902, Wattanapongsiri 1966), and conspecifics (Rochat et al. 1991, Oehl­
Transgenic mice expressing mutated Tyr437His human myocilin develop progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell electrical responsiveness and axonopathy with normal iop.

Purpose. To characterize age-related changes of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function, IOP, and anatomical markers of axon/glia integrity in a transgenic mouse expressing Tyr437His mutant of human myocilin protein.
Simulation of Flows with Large Gradients using Adaptive Mesh Refinement

The Euler equations are solved for non-hydrostatic atmospheric flow problems in two dimensions using the Conservation Laws Package (CLAWPACK) with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The CLAWPACK software uses high-resolution wave propagation methods (LeVeque 2002) for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. In the current study, the Riemann problem is solved using flux-based wave decomposition (Bale et al. 2002; LeVeque 2002; Ahmad and Lindeman 2007). The computational efficiency achieved by using adaptive mesh refinement is demonstrated. The methodology shows promise for simulating multi-scale, time-critical and computationally intensive flow problems and flows which are dominated by large gradients of velocities and other thermodynamic quantities. A decrease in computational resources while maintaining the accuracy of the solution has obvious benefits in responding to emergency-response scenarios, such as dispersion of hazardous materials in the atmosphere.
On Allometry and Relative Growth in Evolutionary Studies

In his critique of contemporary morphometry, Blackstone (1987) asserts that the conceptual, pattern-oriented framework of allometry ignores developmental processes and is therefore inappropriate for studies in evolutionary morphology. His intent is to emphasize the limitations of allometric studies in the understanding of evolutionary processes. In doing so, however, Blackstone focuses on a descriptive approach to allometry and obscures several fundamental issues. In particular, he claims that information on rates of growth in units of chronological time is necessary to deduce patterns of evolutionary change in developmental processes, and that such information is ignored in allometric analyses. He traces this disregard to a historical departure from the study of underlying processes of growth to the purely descriptive study of size and shape. In contrast, I will argue first that chronological time does not have theoretical or operational priority over other estimates of biological age, such as body size, for the description and comparison of growth patterns; and second that the apparent historical trend he describes corresponds instead to a logical progression from the study of growth rates of individual traits per chronological time, to growth rates of the same traits in terms of more robust estimates of biological time.
Deep Venous Thrombosis Following Transurethral Resection of The Prostate: Diagnosis by Phleborheography

Abstract Deep venous thrombosis is a potential complication of transurethral resection of the prostate. We evaluated 150 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign and malignant disease to determine the postoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis, using phleborheography as the instrument of detection. Phleborheography is an accurate, inexpensive, non-invasive method that uses low pressure transducers to detect volumetric changes in the lower extremity through recording cuffs. A 4.6 per cent incidence of deep venous thrombosis was detected by this technique. At the time this complication was discovered no patient exhibited clinical signs of thrombophlebitis, which reinforces the belief that clinical diagnosis alone is not a reliable screening technique for deep venous thrombosis. Anticoagulant therapy appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of this postoperative complication.
Towards ultrasound travel time tomography for quantifying human limb geometry and material properties

Sound speed inversions made using simulated time of flight data from a numerical limb-mimicking phantom comprised of soft tissue and a bone inclusion demonstrate that wave front tracking forward modeling combined with L1 regularization may lead to accurate estimates of bone sound speed. Ultrasonic tomographic imaging of limbs has the potential to impact prosthetic socket fitting, as well as detect and track muscular dystrophy diseases, osteoporosis and bone fractures at low cost and without radiation exposure. Research in ultrasound tomography of bones has increased in the last 10 years, however, methods delivering clinically useful sound speed inversions are lacking.
Formation Damage by Organic Deposition

Paraffins, asphaltenes, and resins are the primary sources of organic deposition in wells, pipelines, and reservoir formation during petroleum production. As a generic term, “wax” refers to deposits of paraffins, asphaltenes, and resins, mixed with some inorganic matter, such as clays, sand, and other debris. Organic deposition can occur both on the surfaces of well tubing and reservoir formation pores to reduce the flow efficiency and eventually to clog the flow paths completely. This chapter presents a review of the thermodynamic and physicochemical foundations of organic precipitation and scale formation as well as the governing phase behavior and rate equations. The criteria for precipitation are derived. The single- and multiphase formation damage models are modified to accommodate organic precipitation at below and above bubble-point conditions. The outstanding models available for prediction of formation damage by organic deposition are reviewed. Applications are presented for the formation damage in petroleum reservoirs by asphaltene and naphthenate-soap deposition processes.
Effect of early epidural analgesia on labor: cutting through the confusion

Does early regional analgesia during labor really raise the risk of C/S, compared to early systemic analgesia? The authors believe their randomized controlled trial definitively answers that question.
Stephen the Martyr (Acts VI–VIII) in the Early Jerusalem Lectionary System

Lectionary and homiletic sources indicate that the Church of Jerusalem commemorated Stephen twice within the same two-week period (26/27 December and 7 January). Few studies have explored the origins of these feasts, the relationship between their appointed readings and the phenomenon of parallel, or redundant, feasts in fifth-century Jerusalem. This study will locate the development of these feasts within the struggle of the Church of Jerusalem to develop a local cult of martyrs after the Constantinian settlement.
Characteristics of the Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Regulatory Component of Adenylate Cyclase

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the characteristics of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component of adenylate cyclase. Hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase is a multiprotein enzyme complex. Its activity is regulated by various hormones, neurotransmitters, and autacoids when the components of the system are properly embedded and organized in the matrix of the plasma membrane. It is demonstrated that a putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein could be partially resolved from the catalytic component of adenylate cyclase by affinity chromatography with GTP-Sepharose. Enzymatic activity that was not adsorbed by the affinity support could only be weakly stimulated by guanine nucleotide analogs; this activity was partially restored by addition of a catalytically inactive fraction that was eluted from the column with a guanine nucleotide. Reconstitution of adenylate cyclase activity in cyc - membranes also provided a method for the quantitative assay of the regulatory protein, G/F. Given this capability and the greater stability of G/F compared to C, purification of the regulatory protein was undertaken.
Software dependability applications in process modeling

Software process modeling can be used to reason about strategies for attaining software dependability. The impact of different processes and technologies on dependability attributes can be evaluated through modeling and simulation. Strategies may have overlapping capabilities, and process modeling is useful for assessing mixed strategies. Dependability has many facets, and there is no single software dependability metric that fits all situations. A stakeholder value-based approach is useful for determining relevant dependability measures for different contexts. Analytical models and simulation techniques including continuous systems and discrete event modeling approaches can be applied to dependability. Continuous systems modeling is easier for aggregate analyses. Discrete event has some advantages for dependability applications because multiple attributes related to dependability measures can be attached to system entities, particularly when those same attributes are represented in empirical data. Combined approaches using the advantages of both are attractive for dependability applications. Two primary processes can be modeled to investigate dependability phenomena. Development process models mainly address software defect introduction and removal rates. Operational process models address the probability of various classes of failure: race conditions, deadlocks, missing real-time deadlines. An overview of sample applications is presented. An elaborated example shows how modeling can be used to optimize a process for dependability. There have been relatively few dependability modeling applications to-date, and the field is rich for exploration.
Role of microtubule acetylation in T cell activation and downstream function (IRC8P.450)

Microtubules (MTs) play a number of important roles in antigen-mediated T cell activation and effector functions. Tubulin can undergo a number of post-translational modifications including acetylation of alpha tubulin. This acetylation affects MT growth dynamics and ability of motor proteins to traffic along them. We investigated the role of this acetylation in T cell function by using a mouse bearing deletion of the gene for alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (aTAT1), the main acetyltransferase tubulin. Absence of aTAT1 leads to complete loss of acetylated alpha-tubulin. We found that CD4+ T cells from an aTAT1 deficient mouse showed more proliferation than controls upon stimulation with intermediate levels of antigen. We observed no difference in the level of calcium influx between WT and KO CD4+ T cells upon antigen stimulation. An important function of microtubules in CD8+ T cells is trafficking of cytolytic vesicles. Given that acetylation can affect the movement of motor proteins, we tested whether aTAT1 KO CD8+ and Natural Killer (NK) showed altered ability to kill target cells. These findings indicate that acetylation of alpha-tubulin is important in regulating T cell effector responses.
Scoliosis in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Scoliosis commonly occurs in children with cerebral palsy. This spine deformity is much more common in non-ambulators (GMFCS Levels IV and V) and can be progressive with negative consequences on quality of life, including increased pain, difficulty seating, progressive restrictive lung disease, and a potential shortened lifespan. Spine fusion is a reliable method of treating progressive scoliosis in these children, but the complication and infection rate is high. However, spine fusion has been demonstrated to improve the quality of life of these patients and their family or caretakers.
Improving the perception of a sound source's polar angle in mixed reality

Mixed reality applications blend real and virtual scenes. To render virtual objects in a scene, the rendering system needs to accurately control their perceived location. In the acoustic domain, the location of a sound source is often given in interaural coordinates, i.e., as the lateral and polar angle and distance relative to the midpoint of the listener's interaural axis. This description is useful as it allows separating the effect of various perceptual cues on each interaural spatial dimension. Prior research has shown that the human perception of a sound source's polar angle, i.e., the angle of rotation about the interaural axis, tends to be less accurate than the perception of its lateral angle, i.e., the angle off the median plane. When rendering virtual sound sources, listeners often confuse locations above and below the horizontal plane or in the front and in the back. Here, we review cues that affect the perception of polar angle as well as approaches to improve the accuracy of rendering the po...
Certification response: A response to Lengnick-Hall and Aguinis

Abstract Lengnick-Hall and Aguinis (2011) proposed a research agenda for determining the real value of human resource certification. Their proposal draws upon research on assessment, prediction, and adopts a multi-level approach for suggesting several research propositions that could be tested as part of a theory-based assessment of HR certification. The present response focuses on some challenges, not acknowledged by Lengnick-Hall and Aguinis (2011) , that might make their proposals more difficult to carry out. The basic idea of assessing the value of this, or any type of certification, however, is not questioned and is surely worth pursuing.
Subsyndromal Manifestations of Depression in Children Predict the Development of Major Depression.

Objective To evaluate the utility of assessing subsyndromal symptoms of major depressive disorder in childhood, indexed through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) anxiety/depression scale, in predicting risk of developing major depressive disorder in adolescent and young adult years. Study design The sample consisted of 537 children, 6-17 years of age, originally ascertained for a longitudinal family genetic study of youth with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their first-degree relatives who were followed prospectively and blindly for 10 years from childhood into young adult years. Children with full diagnosis major depressive disorder at baseline were excluded. For analysis, the sample was stratified into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of parental mood disorders and by the presence or absence of subsyndromal scores on the CBCL anxiety/depression scale at baseline assessment in childhood. Results Children of parents with mood disorders plus subsyndromal scores on the CBCL anxiety/depression scale at baseline (n = 22) had the highest risk for developing major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders at the 10-year follow-up when compared with the other groups. Children with either subsyndromal scores on the CBCL anxiety/depression scale at baseline alone (n = 22) or parental mood disorders alone (n = 172) had intermediate outcomes. Conclusion The CBCL anxiety/depression scale was useful in identifying children at high risk for the development of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders at the 10-year prospective follow-up. Furthermore, our results emphasized the importance of familial psychiatric history in youth with subthreshold symptoms of depression. Parental mood disorder and subthreshold anxiety/depressive symptoms were predictive of developing depression.
Socially Assigned Gender Nonconformity and School Violence Experience Among Transgender and Cisgender Adolescents.

Although literature documents the experiences of socially assigned gender nonconformity (SAGNC) by minority sexual orientation (i.e., lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB]), examination of the role of g...
Book Review: Building Equity: Policies and Practices to Empower All Learners

Smith, Frey, Pumpian, and Fisher authored the book, Building Equity: Policies and Practices to Empower All Learners (2017) to not only discuss the differences between equity and equality within a school, but to provide tools and examples to go about transitioning a school in order to create a more equitable environment. The vignettes and strategies shared throughout the book are not simply hypotheticals but are actual experiences of lessons learned – both positive and negative. The authors strive to convince the readers that when equity, not equality, becomes the focus of a school, students are more likely to realize their potential and work towards accomplishing it.