cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus Predation on Macrobenthic and Zooplanktonic Prey

An important part of quantifying predator-prey dynamics is to understand the contribution of various prey types to the predator diet. Although the role of juvenile penaeid shrimp as benthic predators is well established, recent research has indicated that penaeids are also capable of utilizing the energy available in zooplanktonic form. Yet the relative role of juvenile penaeids as direct zooplankton predators, capturing and consuming zooplankton from the water column—as compared with their role as benthic predators of animals that live on, or have fallen to, the bottom remains unknown. Two separate sets of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the density-dependent predation rates of juvenile Litopenaeus setiferus feeding directly on (1) zooplanktonic prey Artemia salina in the water column and (2) benthic prey Mercenaria mercenaria in sediment. The average proportional mortalities for M. mercenaria (43% to 97%) were much higher than for A. salina (-10% to 28%). At low prey densities, proportional prey mortality increased with increasing prey densities for both M. mercenaria and A. salina, indicating a type III functional response by L. setiferus. A maximum consumption rate of 476 M. mercenaria/L. setiferus/hr was estimated in the benthic feeding experiments, whereas predator satiation was not observed even at the highest A. salina densities. High proportional M. mercenaria mortalities across moderate densities (1,000-2,500 m -2 ) suggest the potential for L. setiferus regulation of Mercenaria populations. Negative proportional A. salina mortalities at low and moderate densities suggest that L. setiferus are not efficient zooplankton predators. The variable consumption rates displayed by L. setiferus feeding on different prey types are a demonstration of their dietary plasticity as omnivores. Although L. setiferus are more effective as benthic predators, their ability to capture and consume prey from the water column suggests that zooplankton may be a viable alternative prey source when benthos are unavailable or inaccessible.
Surgical management of unruptured aneurysms: prognostic indicators

BACKGROUND The treatment of unruptured aneurysms (UA) remains controversial. Therefore, it has become necessary to define various prognostic indicators in the surgical treatment of unruptured aneurysms not associated with previously ruptured aneurysms. METHODS During a 6-year period, 78 unruptured aneurysms were managed. The results of management were retrospectively reviewed to define the prognostic indicators. RESULTS There were 104 patients with unruptured aneurysms who underwent surgical treatment. Seventy-five patients without previous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were selected for data analysis. Eighty-seven percent of the aneurysms were on the anterior circulation. The most common location was the middle cerebral artery (MCA) followed by the posterior communicating artery (PCom), ophthalmic artery, and anterior communicating artery (ACom). Six percent were found on the basilar artery. The mean size of aneurysms was 12.5 mm (range = 3-30 mm, SD = 7.4). At surgery, rupture of the aneurysm was encountered in eight cases with temporary control of the parent vessel being required in 31 procedures. In four cases, intraoperative angiography warranted clip reapplication. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used as an outcome measure. Surgical treatment resulted in good outcome (GOS 1) in 87% and 10.7% had fair outcome; 2.3% were in GOS 3 (severe disability) at 6 month follow-up. There was no mortality. Logistic regression identified significant relationships between GOS and intraoperative rupture (p < 0.0002), rupture and size (p < 0.003), and size and age (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Large size aneurysms were associated with intraoperative rupture, which had a strong correlation with poor outcome. Increased age showed a linear relationship with the size of the aneurysm. Overall results of treatment for UA are gratifying. There was no mortality. Early diagnosis and surgical extirpation of UA may reduce both intraoperative difficulties as well as poor outcome probability.
Bay of Bengal nutrient-rich benthic layer

A nutrient- and carbon-rich, oxygen-poor benthic layer is observed in the lower 100 m of the central and western Bay of Bengal, at depths between 3400 to 4000 m. The observed ratios for the biogeochemical anomalies in the benthic layer water are similar to those observed for phytoplankton blooms in open oceans and hence suggest that the source of the high silica, phosphate, nitrate and carbon is likely to be due to decomposition of marine plankton deposited on the Ganges fan. While similar sediment types are expected to exist across a more extensive area of the Bay of Bengal, accumulation of nutrients only within a confined pool of bottom water is due to a greater degree of ventilation elsewhere. To the north of the nutrient-rich benthic pool, in shallower water, inflow of water from West Australian Basin minimizes anomalous benthic properties. To the south, in deeper water, ventilation by bottom water of the Central Indian Basin lifts the Bay of Bengal nutrient-rich benthic water off the sea floor. Thus the nutrient-rich benthic layer occupies zone between better ventilated regions. A counter-clockwise flow of bottom water is suggested for the Bay of Bengal, with nutrient-rich bottom water flowing westward south of Sri Lanka.
River flow fluctuation analysis: Effect of watershed area

[1] This study presents the results of a detailed river flow fluctuation analysis on daily records from 14 stations in the Flint River Basin in Georgia in the southeastern United States with special focus on the effect of watershed area on long memory of river flow fluctuations. The areas of the watersheds draining to the stations range from 23 to 19,606 km2. The climatic and seasonal trends are removed using the detrended fluctuation analysis technique. Results show that (1) river flow fluctuations have two distinct scaling regimes, and the scaling break is delayed for large watershed areas; (2) large watersheds have more persistent river flow fluctuations and stronger long memory (i.e., for lag times beyond the scale break) than small watersheds do; (3) the long memory of river flow fluctuations does not come from the long memory of precipitation; (4) a linear reservoir unit hydrograph transfer function approach does not capture correctly the basin processes that convert short-memory precipitation to long-memory streamflow; and (5) the degree of multifractality of river flow fluctuations decreases with increasing watershed area. The results clearly indicate that watershed area is an important factor in the long-memory studies of streamflow such as streamflow prediction.
The Influence of Dress on Students' Perceptions of Teacher Characteristics:

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a female teacher's clothing style on student perceptions of teacher characteristics, including approachability, knowledge, respect, and overall acceptability. High school students were provided with photographs of a teacher model dressed in four clothing styles and were asked to select one of the photos for each of 20 statements designed to reflect teacher characteristics. Chi square results revealed differences between the clothing styles on 19 of the 20 statements.
Emerging frameworks for tangible user interfaces

We present steps toward a conceptual framework for tangible user interfaces. We introduce the MCRpd interaction model for tangible interfaces, which relates the role of physical and digital representations, physical control, and underlying digital models. This model serves as a foundation for identifying and discussing several key characteristics of tangible user interfaces. We identify a number of systems exhibiting these characteristics, and situate these within 12 application domains. Finally, we discuss tangible interfaces in the context of related research themes, both within and outside of the human-computer interaction domain.
Scalable automatic test data generation from modeling diagrams

We explore the automatic generation of test data that respect constraints expressed in the Object-Role Modeling(ORM) language. ORM is a popular conceptual modelinglanguage, primarily targeting database applications, withsignificant uses in practice. The general problem of evenchecking whether an ORM diagram is satisfiable is quitehard: restricted forms are easily NP-hard and the problemis undecidable for some expressive formulations of ORM.Brute-force mapping to input for constraint and SAT solversdoes not scale: state-of-the-art solvers fail to find data to satisfy uniqueness and mandatory constraints in realistic time even for small examples. We instead define a restricted subset of ORM that allows efficient reasoning yet contains most constraints overwhelmingly used in practice. We show that the problem of deciding whether these constraints are consistent (i.e., whether we can generate appropriate test data) is solvable in polynomial time, and we produce a highly efficient (interactive speed) checker. Additionally, we analyze over 160 ORM diagrams that capture data models from industrial practice and demonstrate that our subset of ORM is expressive enough to handle their vast majority
Why Do I Still Have a Bruise Around My Knee

Patient A 45-year-old African-American female. Chief Complaint The patient presented to the emergency department with the chief complaint of a bruise around her right knee, which occurred after a fall approximately 10 days prior to presentation. History of Present Illness In addition to her persistent right knee bruise, she reported fatigue and shortness of breath after mild exertion of approximately 3 months’ duration. Past Medical History Non-smoker with no history of alcohol abuse and no chronic medical conditions.
Correr 336, Part 4: A New Compendium of Late Medieval Music Theory

The manuscript Venice, Biblioteca del Museo Correr, Correr 336, part 4, is devoted principally to a compilation of Latin music theory texts dealing with hexachords (including coniunctae ) and mutation, intervals, and modal theory, all presented without attribution. The compiler claims to have made the collection for his own use and that of pupils; thus it represents the interests of a musician who was also a teacher and who chose material that he considered practical, organized in a way he intended to be useful. Though oddly placed initials and captions, the lack of attributions, and apparent repetition of topics initially present a chaotic appearance, unraveling the visual clues reveals two main sections: Ars cantandi is a comprehensive survey of the art of plainchant; Manus is at once a review and an exhortation to pupils to commit the information presented to memory. Identification of and comparison with the compiler’s sources (including the bulk of the Berkeley manuscript’s first treatise, and the Divina auxiliante gratia , drawn from the Lucidarium of Marchetto of Padua) has made it possible to determine what portions of pre-existing material the compiler included, what he omitted, what he changed, and how he imposed a design on his borrowed material that, far from contradicting itself, presents differences between early and later practice, between theory and its practical application.
Impact of Whole-Canopy and Systemic Insecticidal Treatments on Callirhytis cornigera (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and Associated Parasitoids on Pin Oak

The gall wasp Callirhytis cornigera (Osten Sacken) is a cynipid with alternating generations that produce large, woody stem galls and tiny blister-like leaf galls on pin oak, Quercus palustris Muenchhausen, in the United States. We tested 3 approaches to control the leaf-galling generation, and determined their impact on associated parasitoids and effectiveness in reducing numbers of new stem galls. First, trees were sprayed with bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos in late March to kill females emerging from stem galls before they oviposited into buds. Second, concentrated solutions of abamectin, imidacloprid, or bidrin were injected from pressurized containers into tree sapwood to control larvae developing in young leaf galls. Finally, systemic insecticides (acephate, abamectin, dimethoate, or imidacloprid) were sprayed at early leaf expansion (2 May) or to young, expanded leaves (17 May) to target larvae in leaf galls. Parasitoids, mostly eulophids, accounted for ≈70% mortality of leaf-galling C. cornigera larvae on untreated trees. Whole-canopy sprays during C. cornigera emergence from stem galls reduced overall numbers of galled leaves and leaf galls. Trunk injections of bidrin or abamectin resulted in significant mortality of gall inhabitants, including parasitoids. However, neither of the aforementioned approaches significantly reduced numbers of new stem galls. Sprays of abamectin, dimethoate, or imidacloprid applied on 2 May caused high mortality of all gall inhabitants. There was no net benefit, however, because parasitism caused a similar reduction in C. cornigera survival on unsprayed shoots. Sprays applied later in leaf expansion had little impact on gall inhabitants. Of the treatments tested, bifenthrin sprays at bud break provided the greatest reduction in new leaf galls, whereas bidrin injections provided the greatest reduction in gall wasps emerging from galled leaves. This study suggests that gall wasp outbreaks are unlikely to be controlled by a single treatment, regardless of application method.
Principles to Practice: Philadelphia Educators Putting Social Movement Unionism into Action

In the wake of Chicago’s well-known teacher strikes in 2012, social movement caucuses are popping up across the USA as teachers seek to better organize through the auspices of their unions in response to what they see as the dismantlement of public education. In this article, I explore how one educator-led social movement caucus, Philadelphia’s Caucus of Working Educators, takes up concepts of activism and social movement unionism in its change-oriented work. I show that educators come to take on identities as activists as they engage in intellectual inquiry into the nature of social movement unionism and grapple with questions about how race and racism shape their Philadelphia context and their organizing work.
Leeway Compatibilism and Frankfurt‐Style Cases

The new dispositionalists defend the position that an agent in a deterministic Frankfurt-style case (FSC) has the ability to do otherwise, where that ability is the one at issue in the principle of alternative possibilities. Focusing specifically on Kadri Vihvelin's proposal, I argue against this position by showing that it is incompatible with the existence of structurally similar cases to FSCs in which a preemptive intervener bestows an agent with an ability.
Gangliogliomas in childhood

Ganglioglioma is a tumour of the central nervous system composed of an admixture of dysplastic nerve cells resembling pleomorphic ganglion cells, and glial elements which may be astrocytic and/or oligodendroglial in appearance. Differential diagnoses include subependymal giant cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis and entrapment of normal neurones by astrocytoma. Review of hospital files over a 14 year period revealed 12 cases. The patients were aged between 9 months and 16 years, all suffered epilepsy refractory to medical treatment, for up to 8 years, the majority of whom obtained at least partial relief from symptoms after complete or partial resection. CT and NMR scans were of prime use in localisation of tumour. Calcification was noted pre-operatively in 33% of cases. Histologically 11 tumours included grade I astrocytic elements and one grade 2. All included large ganglion cell-like elements and in two cases perivascular small cells proven immunohistochemically to be lymphocytes were present. In 50% of cases the ganglion cell element stained for vimentin. Other antibodies including GFAP, NSE and S100 provided no further specific information. Prognosis is determined by the grade of astrocytic component. If this is of low grade then a complete or even partial excision may provide symptomatic relief from seizures, as was demonstrated in our cases. Post-operative radiotherapy is reserved for tumours with a high grade astrocytic element. If excision is incomplete slow regrowth, return of original symptoms and prolonged survival are the rule.
Airborne Insecticide Residues After Broadcast Application for Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Control

Airborne residues of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and permethrin were measured up to 50 h after broadcast treatment for cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), control in residences. Type of insecticide, time after treatment, ventilation regime, and height above floor significantly affected airborne residues. Before spraying chlorpyrifos, residues were low or undetected. In nonventilated residences, chlorpyrifos residues peaked 0-6 h after treatment at 38 ng/liter, then slowly declined through 50 h. In ventilated residences, chlorpyrifos residues peaked from 2 to 10 h after treatment at 25-27 ng/liter, then declined to 8 ng/liter at 50 h. Propetamphos and permethrin residues in nonventilated residences peaked in 0-2 h at 32-40 and 40-44 ng/liter, respectively. Propetamphos peaked at 12-17 ng/liter at 0-2 h in ventilated residences. Permethrin was not detected in any of the samples in ventilated residences. Maximum airborne concentrations were 74 ng/liter chlorpyrifos, 49 ng/liter propetamphos, and 54 ng/liter permethrin.
PCA-Na smoothing effect on wet hair

毛髪が濡れている状態でのきしみ感を評価した。その結果, 毛髪の官能でのきしみ感と動摩擦係数との間に高い相関があることが判明した。上記の評価方法を用いて, 湿潤剤のきしみ感に対する効果を調べた。湿潤剤は, 汎用性の高い原料であるPCA-Na, 1, 3-BG, グリセリン, ソルビトール, Na乳酸を用いた。その結果, シャンプーの主剤として汎用性の高いSLESに対しては, PCA-Naが最もきしみ感改善効果を有することがわかった。続いて, PLA-Naを各種界面活性剤に併用した系でのきしみ感改善効果を比較した。その結果, 界面活性剤の構造の末端にスルホン酸基を有する界面活性剤に対して, 特にきしみ改善効果を有することがわかった。
Banxiaxiexin Decoction Combined with Danhong Injection in the Treatment of Atrophic Gastritis of Random Parallel Control

[Objective]To observe the Banxiaxiexin decoction combined with Danhong injection in the treatment of atrophic gastritis.[Methods]Using randomized controlled methods,will be divided into two groups according to the random number table,68 cases of hospitalized patients. A control group of 34 cases of pectin gel,40mg/,1 /d,after breakfast oral + Amoxicillin Capsules,1g/ times,/d 2 times,meal after oral administration. The treatment group of 34 cases of Danhong injection in 5% glucose 250ml dilution,20ml,1 /d,IV drip,15d for 1 courses,2 courses of 7D interval repeated + Banxia Xiexin Decoction(Fabanxia,Danshen,Guangchenpi,Jike fried each 10g;Chuanhuanglian,Zhigancao 3g,fried Huangceng,Chuanhoubu,Muxiang6g,Ganjiang 5g. Spleen deficiency with Fuzi,Rougui each 6G;liver qi stagnation and bitter Jishi,Foushou,Chuanwazi each 10g,15g of Chaihu;spleen stomach damp heat with Peilan,Huoxiang,Huanglian,Zhizi each 10g,Dahuang 3g;Yin deficiency of stomach and Shigao,Shashen,Maidong each 15g,Zhimu,Shichu each 10g). 1 doses of /d,water simmer in water 2 times 200mL,sooner or later each oral 100ml. The two groups were continuous treatment with 30d for 1 courses. During treatment,pay attention to diet,not eat spicy food stimulation,to benefit the digestive diet,maintain a good attitude,avoid over exertion. To observe the clinical symptoms,HP examination results,adverse reaction. Continuous treatment of 2 courses,to judge the curative effect[.Results]The treatment group 20 cases were cured,11 cases improved,3 cases ineffective,the total efficiency of 91.18%. The control group 15 cases were cured,9 cases improved,10 cases ineffective,the total efficiency of 70.59%. The treatment group was better than control group(P 0.05). The treatment group than the control group HP(P 0.05)scavenging effect.[Conclusion]Banxiaxiexin decoction combined with Danhong injection in the treatment of atrophic gastritis effect is significant,worthy of popularization.
Metabolic Teamwork between Gut Microbes and Hosts

Symbiotic relationships between microbes and their animal and plant hosts shape our world. Interest in these host-microbial interactions is intensifying, and researchers from many disciplines within biology are striving to understand their functional and evolutionary significance.
Usability of Commercially Available Mobile Applications for Diverse Patients

Mobile applications or ‘apps’ intended to help people manage their health and chronic conditions are widespread and gaining in popularity. However, little is known about their acceptability and usability for low-income, racially/ethnically diverse populations who experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and its complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the usability of existing mobile health applications (“apps”) for diabetes, depression, and caregiving, in order to facilitate development and tailoring of patient-facing apps for diverse populations. Usability testing, a mixed-methods approach that includes interviewing and direct observation of participant technology use, was conducted with participants (n = 9 caregivers; n = 10 patients with depression; and n = 10 patients with diabetes) on a total of 11 of the most popular health apps (four diabetes apps, four depression apps, and three caregiver apps) on both iPad and Android tablets. The participants were diverse: 15 (58 %) African Americans, seven (27 %) Whites, two (8 %) Asians, two (8 %) Latinos with either diabetes, depression, or who were caregivers. Participants were given condition-specific tasks, such as entering a blood glucose value into a diabetes app. Participant interviews were video recorded and were coded using standard methods to evaluate attempts and completions of tasks. We performed inductive coding of participant comments to identify emergent themes. Participants completed 79 of 185 (43 %) tasks across 11 apps without assistance. Three themes emerged from participant comments: lack of confidence with technology, frustration with design features and navigation, and interest in having technology to support their self-management. App developers should employ participatory design strategies in order to have an impact on chronic conditions such as diabetes and depression that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. While patients express interest in using technologies for self-management, current tools are not consistently usable for diverse patients.
A Universal Generative Tendency toward Increased Organismal Complexity

Publisher Summary Characterizing internal variance as complexity needs justification, because in colloquial usage, complexity connotes so much more. A complex organism is ordinarily understood to be not just more internally varied, or more differentiated, but more capable as well. The human brain is thought to be complex not simply because it has many cell types, but because of its impressive functional capabilities, because of what it can do. Thus, as conventionally understood, complexity depends on both structure and function. However, in biology, a narrower view has been adopted, herein complexity refers to number of part types, or degree of differentiation among parts. Complexity has other aspects besides number of part types. For example, there is complexity of spatial arrangement of parts, a kind of second-order complexity (where number of part types is first order), and number of types of connections among parts. The chapter introduces three simple models to illustrate the internal-variance principle and also to reveal its robustness. In each successive model, the variations introduced are more finely tuned in such a way as to negate or overcome the internal-variance principle.
Comparative lever analysis and ontogenetic scaling in esocid fishes: Functional demands and constraints in feeding biomechanics

When animals grow, the functional demands that they experience often change as a consequence of their increasing body size. In this study, we examined the feeding biomechanics in esocid species that represent different size classes (small, Esox americanus; intermediate, Esox niger; large, Esox lucius), and how their bite forces and associated functional variables change as they grow. In order to evaluate bite performance through ontogeny, we dissected and measured dimensions of the feeding apparatus and the adductor mandibulae muscle complex with its segmentum facialis subdivisions such as the ricto-malaris, stegalis and endoricto-malaris across a wide range of body sizes. The collected morphological data was used as input variables for a published anatomical model to simulate jaw function in these fish species. Maximum bite forces for both anterior bite and posterior bite increased in isometry in E. americanus and E. niger. The posterior bite of E. lucius also increases in isometry, however, the anterior bite increases in positive allometry. Intraspecific comparison within E. lucius indicated the increase of bite forces in more developed individuals accelerated after the fish grew out of fingerling stage. In addition, our analysis indicated functional differentiation between subdivisions of the adductor mandibulae segmentum facialis, as well as interspecific differences in the pattern of contribution to the bite performance by these subdivisions. Our study provides insights into not only the musculoskeletal basis of the jaw function of esocid species, but also the feeding capacity of this species in relation to the functional demands it faces as one of the top predators in lake and river systems. J. Morphol. 277:1447-1458, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Five-kingdom classification and the origin and evolution of cells

This chapter will argue that modern biologists, in spite of social pressures and historical precedents, need to replace the traditional two-kingdom animal-plant distinction, which has outlived its usefulness, with a multikingdom classification of living organisms. For reasons discussed below, based on recent discoveries from a variety of disciplines, it seems that Whittaker’s five-kingdom system (Whittaker, 1969) is the most logical and consistent yet devised. Whittaker’s system is expanded below the phylum level and slightly modified on the basis of cell evolutionary considerations; suggestions for its adoption by zoologists, botanists, and microbiologists are made.*
A rapid and robust gradient measurement technique using dynamic single‐point imaging

Purpose We propose a new gradient measurement technique based on dynamic single-point imaging (SPI), which allows simple, rapid, and robust measurement of k-space trajectory. Methods To enable gradient measurement, we utilize the variable field-of-view (FOV) property of dynamic SPI, which is dependent on gradient shape. First, one-dimensional (1D) dynamic SPI data are acquired from a targeted gradient axis, and then relative FOV scaling factors between 1D images or k-spaces at varying encoding times are found. These relative scaling factors are the relative k-space position that can be used for image reconstruction. The gradient measurement technique also can be used to estimate the gradient impulse response function for reproducible gradient estimation as a linear time invariant system. Results The proposed measurement technique was used to improve reconstructed image quality in 3D ultrashort echo, 2D spiral, and multi-echo bipolar gradient-echo imaging. In multi-echo bipolar gradient-echo imaging, measurement of the k-space trajectory allowed the use of a ramp-sampled trajectory for improved acquisition speed (approximately 30%) and more accurate quantitative fat and water separation in a phantom. Conclusion The proposed dynamic SPI-based method allows fast k-space trajectory measurement with a simple implementation and no additional hardware for improved image quality.Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Long-term Follow-up of Treatment with Ibrutinib and Rituximab in Patients with High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Background: Ibrutinib is an active therapy with an acceptable safety profile for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including high-risk patients with del17p or with TP53 mutations. Ibrutinib is broadly indicated for the treatment of patients with CLL and specifically including those with 17p deletion. The optimal use of ibrutinib in combination with other agents remains controversial. Experimental Design: We report the long-term outcome [median follow-up of 47 months (range, 36–51 months)] of 40 patients with high-risk CLL, treated on the first ibrutinib combination trial with rituximab (IR). The majority of patients (36/40) were previously treated. Results: Median age was 65 years, and 21 patients (52%) had 17p deletion. Median duration on treatment was 41 months (range, 2–51 months), and median number of treatment cycles was 42 (range, 2–49). Overall response rate was 95%, and 9 patients (23%) attained a complete remission. Twenty-one patients discontinued treatment, 10 due to disease progression, 9 for other causes, and 2 due to stem cell transplantation; the remaining 19 patients continue on ibrutinib. Median progression-free survival for all patients was 45 months, which was significantly shorter in the subgroup of patients with del17p (n = 21, 32.3 months, P = 0.02). Fourteen patients (35%) died, five from progressive disease, five from infections, and four from other causes. Median overall survival has not been reached. Conclusions: IR combination therapy leads to durable remissions in high-risk CLL; the possible benefit from the addition of rituximab is currently explored in a randomized trial. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2154–8. ©2016 AACR.
De Novo Intraneural Arachnoid Cyst Presenting with Complete Third Nerve Palsy: Case Report and Literature Review

Background Intraneural arachnoid cyst is an extremely rare etiology of isolated cranial nerve palsy. Although seldom encountered in clinical practice, this pathology is amenable to surgical intervention. Correct identification and treatment of the cyst are required to prevent permanent nerve damage and potentially reverse the deficits. We describe a rare case of isolated third nerve palsy caused by an intraneural arachnoid cyst. Case Description A 49-year-old woman with a recent history of headaches experienced acute onset of painless left-sided third nerve palsy. According to hospital records ptosis, mydriasis, absence of adduction, elevation, and intorsion were noted in the left eye. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies showed an extra-axial, 1-cm lesion along the left paraclinoid region, causing mild indentation on the uncus. There was dense fluid layering dependently concerning for hemorrhage, but no evidence of aneurysms. A pterional craniotomy was performed, revealing a completely intraneural arachnoid cyst in the third nerve. The cyst was successfully fenestrated. At 7-month follow-up, the left eye had recovered intact intorsion and some adduction, but the left pupil remained dilated and nonreactive. There was still no elevation and no afferent pupillary defect. Double vision persisted with partial improvement in the ptosis, opening up to more than 75% early in the day. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of an intraneural arachnoid cyst causing isolated third nerve palsy. This rare pathology proves to be both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Manganese-Mediated Linkage of Perchlorate to Aminotetrazoles Produces Twice the Energy Density of the Unmetalated Salt.

New regimes of energy density in energetic materials may be achieved by replacement of oxidizing nitro groups with stronger oxidants such oxychlorine species. We report the energetic material 1,3-di-tert-butyltetrazolium-5-imidoperchloratomanganese(II) 2, which crystalizes as an oligomeric cubane cluster. Bomb calorimetry on the amorphous, solvent-free phase gives an energy density of at least 40 ± 3 MJ/L, higher than hydrocarbon combustion in air, more than twice that of traditional energetic nitramines, and ~70% higher than that of the unmetallated tetrazolium perchlorate salt without metal linkage. The effects of solid state structure, charge, and lattice energy on the energy of 2 is discussed.
At home in two countries: the past and future of dual citizenship

Peter Spiro is an acknowledged legal expert on US policies toward dual citizenship. He argues that American citizenship has been in decline for some time due to giving away citizenship through jus ...
Spatiotemporal Variability of Turbulence Kinetic Energy Budgets in the Convective Boundary Layer over Both Simple and Complex Terrain

AbstractThe assumption of subgrid-scale (SGS) horizontal homogeneity within a model grid cell, which forms the basis of SGS turbulence closures used by mesoscale models, becomes increasingly tenuous as grid spacing is reduced to a few kilometers or less, such as in many emerging high-resolution applications. Herein, the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget equation is used to study the spatiotemporal variability in two types of terrain—complex [Columbia Basin Wind Energy Study (CBWES) site, northeastern Oregon] and flat [Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) site, west Texas]—using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. In each case, six nested domains [three domains each for mesoscale and large-eddy simulation (LES)] are used to downscale the horizontal grid spacing from ~10 km to ~10 m using the WRF Model framework. The model output was used to calculate the values of the TKE budget terms in vertical and horizontal planes as well as the averages of grid cells contained in the four quadrants o...
Accommodating Tort Law: Alternative Remedies for Workplace Injuries

In this paper, I explore the often-contested territory that tort occupies within the more expansive domain of worker’s compensation. This exploration reveals that, far from being substitutes, tort and worker’s compensation are, in fact, deeply and inextricably joined: A complementarity that underscores the trade-offs intrinsic to each system. Whatever the source and scale of harm, the incentives to pursue a third-party tort suit—in light of the bar on a direct claim against the employer—are straightforward. Worker’s compensation no-fault benefits feature stringent caps on economic loss beyond medical expenses, and bar non-economic recovery altogether. By contrast, tort provides the prospect of recovery for total wage loss, as well as pain and suffering, which is considerably more remunerative than worker’s compensation benefits—particularly in the case of more serious injuries or workplace-related fatalities. These tort claims, in turn, can raise a related question that again demonstrates the inextricable tie between worker’s compensation and tort: Whether the third-party product manufacturer, if responsible in tort, can recover a portion of the tort award through a contribution claim against the employer, despite the ban on a direct employee tort claim against the employer. Correlatively, there is the prospect of the employer seeking to recapture worker’s compensation benefits paid to the employee through a subrogation claim against the third-party tort defendant. These intersecting claims most frequently involve accidental harm in the workplace, rather than intentional misconduct or reckless disregard for the safety of workers. But in the latter cases of egregious employer misconduct, most states recognize an exception from the bar on tort recoveries. As a consequence, these are situations where tort recovery may be a substitute for worker’s compensation rather than standing side-by-side with tort, as in accidental harm cases. Similarly, Title VII claims for sexual harassment in the workplace stand as a distinct tort-type source of recovery entirely apart from the worker’s compensation system.
Anion conducting multiblock copolymers with multiple head-groups

Multiblock copoly(arylene ether)s with 1, 2, 3 and 4 alkyl chain tethered quaternary ammonium head-groups on each hydrophilic repeat unit were synthesized via polycondensation, Friedel–Crafts, and reduction reactions. The effect of the number of ionic groups on the ion exchange capacity (IEC), morphology and properties of the anion exchange membranes was investigated. As the ionic group density increased, both the ionic conductivity and water uptake of the membranes increased. The 3-tether membrane formed the most efficient ionic channels as determined by the highest ionic conductivity/IEC. The 2, 3, and 4-tether (per hydrophilic repeat unit) membranes had 9 to 10 bound waters of hydration per ionic group pair, however, the amount of unbound, freezable water molecules increased with the number of ion pairs per polymer repeat unit. The unbound, freezable water molecule was unproductive and led to lower ionic conductivity/IEC ratio, such as in the 4-tether membrane. The optimal membrane had three head-groups per hydrophilic repeat unit (X3Y5-3): 130.6 mS cm−1 ionic conductivity at 80 °C, 58.3% water uptake, and an IEC of 1.83 meq g−1. All the membranes showed acceptable thermal stability and alkaline stability in 1 M KOH at 60 °C for 1000 h. As the number of head-groups per hydrophilic repeat unit increased, the mechanical strength of the membranes decreased.
Transgenic overexpression of the SUR2A-55 splice variant in mouse heart reduces infract size and promotes protective mitochondrial function

ATP-sensitive potassium channels found in both the sarcolemma (sarcKATP) and mitochondria (mitoKATP) of cardiomyocytes are important mediators of cardioprotection during ischemic heart disease. Sulfonylurea receptor isoforms (SUR2), encoded by Abcc9, an ATP-binding cassette family member, form regulatory subunits of the sarcKATP channel and are also thought to regulate mitoKATP channel activity. A short-form splice variant of SUR2 (SUR2A-55) was previously shown to target mitochondria and display diaxoxide and ATP insensitive KATP activity when co-expressed with the inward rectifier channels Kir6.2 and Kir6.1. We hypothesized that mice with cardiac specific overexpression of SUR2A-55 would mediate cardioprotection from ischemia by altering mitoKATP properties. Mice overexpressing SUR2A-55 (TGSUR2A-55) in cardiomyocytes were generated and showed no significant difference in echocardiographic measured chamber dimension, percent fractional shortening, heart to body weight ratio, or gross histologic features compared to normal mice at 11-14 weeks of age. TGSUR2A-55 had improved hemodynamic functional recovery and smaller infarct size after ischemia reperfusion injury compared to WT mice in an isolated hanging heart model. The mitochondrial membrane potential of TGSUR2A-55 mice was less sensitive to ATP, diazoxide, and Ca2+ loading. These data suggest that the SUR2A-55 splice variant favorably affects mitochondrial function leading to cardioprotection. These data support a role for the regulation of mitoKATP activity by SUR2A-55.
The Future of Functional Behavioral Assessment in School Settings.

Although FBA has been a familiar term to those in special education for over 30 years, its formal inclusion into IDEA is relatively recent. Currently, agreement as to the nature, context, and appli...
The Earth: for physicists

The prospect of human-induced climate change has many people worried. In addition to the sheer scale of the problem, there is also the challenge of it being so complex. The Earth's behaviour is fiendishly hard to predict in detail. Computer power is not enough: models need to be based on solid physical insights and a good understanding of the Earth's current behaviour – and also its history.
Construction of Ordered Solids and Polymers from Fullerene Components

The fullerene family of highly symmetrical carbon molecules (C60, C70, etc.) offers considerable potential for the construction of new solids with novel properties some of which can be predicted, others of which can only be discovered. Since the revelation that these molecules, which were originally only available as exotic gas phase entities [1], can be made and chemically purified in macroscopic amounts [2,3]; there has been a flurry of interest in developing their chemistry. A number of significant aspects of the chemistry of the fullerenes have emerged and are of particular relevance to the chemistry developed in this chapter [4–6]. The shorter bonds at 6:6 ring junctions have olefinic reactivity. Multiple additions to these sites occur readily and frequently reversibly. Because of the high symmetry of these molecules, the distinction between reactive sites is low. Frequently, when multiple additions occur, it is difficult to control the level (or stoichiometry) of addition and the regiochemistry of the addition. Separation of pure derivatives of the fullerenes frequently requires extensive chromatography. Crystallization of the fullerenes and their simple derivatives produces solids in which the fullerenes exhibit orientational disorder. This greatly complicates studies of fullerenes and their derivatives by single crystal X-ray crystallography, a technique which is usually definitive for the characterization of simple organometallic compounds. The fullerenes readily undergo electron transfer reactions. For example, C60 undergoes six reversible reductions [7]. Certain fullerene salts, for example K3C60, exhibit superconductivity with remarkably high Tc values [8].
Evaluation of Soybean Fungicides in 2006

Material and Methods Three fungicide trials comprising several fungicides from BASF, Bayer, Dow, DuPont, Cheminova, Schaeffer, Syngenta and Valent were established at the ISU Northeast Research Farm, Nashua, IA, in the 2006 season. Soybean varieties Asgrow 2106RR in Trial 1, Pioneer 92M40RR in Trial 2, and Pioneer 92M91RR in Trial 3 were planted (196,433 plants/acre) on May 10, May 9, and April 28, 2006, respectively, into no-till cornstalks. Each plot consisted of six rows, with two rows unsprayed border. Rows in plots were 30 in. apart. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used, with 23, 20, and 24 treatments in Trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. All initial treatments were applied at R3 (please see details given below each table) and later fungicide applications were applied as protocol for individual treatments. Disease assessments were made three and seven weeks after spraying (Aug. 16 and Sept. 12, respectively). All treatments were compared with an unsprayed control. The middle four rows of each plot (10 ft × 30 ft long) were mechanically harvested on September 29, 2006 for Trials 1 and 2 and October 6, 2006 for Trial 3. Plot yields (bu/ac), the incidence (%), and severity (%) of foliar diseases and white mold were recorded.
Genetically Engineered Food: Make Sure It's Safe and Label It

Publisher Summary Genetic engineering of food raises a host of questions about effects on the environment, economic impacts, and ethics. However, the most fundamental question about such food is whether it is safe and wholesome to eat. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should establish a mandatory process to assure the safety of genetically engineered food. That process must ensure the safety of engineered foods developed in other counties as well as in the United States. The review process should be designed to achieve a standard of “reasonable certainty of no harm.” FDA should also require mandatory labeling of genetically engineered food. In polls, some 70% to 90% of people prefer labeling, and mandatory labeling would be consistent with existing FDA policy, which requires labeling of irradiated and frozen food, as well as food ingredients. Also, new scientific data about unexpected effects in genetically engineered plants argues for labeling as a precautionary measure. In the event that some unexpected difficulty should develop, labeling would facilitate identification of the problem. Labeling is also essential to the health and well being of individuals with food allergies and sensitivities. Labeling should also be permitted which states that food does not contain genetically engineered material.
Characterization and cost-benefit analysis of automated bioreactor-expanded mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications.

Background Expanding quantities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sufficient to treat large numbers of patients in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine clinical trials is an ongoing challenge for cell manufacturing facilities. Study design and methods We evaluated options for scaling up large quantities of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) using methods that can be performed in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). We expanded BM-MSCs from fresh marrow aspirate in αMEM supplemented with 5% human platelet lysate using both an automated cell expansion system (Quantum, Terumo BCT) and a manual flask-based method using multilayer flasks. We compared MSCs expanded using both methods and assessed their differentiation to adipogenic and osteogenic tissue, capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation, cytokines, and growth factor secretion profile and cost-effectiveness of manufacturing enough BM-MSCs to administer a single dose of 100 × 106 cells per subject in a clinical trial of 100 subjects. Results We have established that large quantities of clinical-grade BM-MSCs manufactured with an automated hollow-fiber bioreactor were phenotypically (CD73, CD90, CD105) and functionally (adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and cytokine and growth factor secretion) similar to manually expanded BM-MSCs. In addition, MSC manufacturing costs significantly less and required less time and effort when using the Quantum automated cell expansion system over the manual multilayer flasks method. Conclusion MSCs manufactured by an automated bioreactor are physically and functionally equivalent to the MSCs manufactured by the manual flask method and have met the standards required for clinical application.
Hardware Trojan Detection and Functionality Determination for Soft IPs

Due to the increasing complexity of hardware designs, third-party hardware Intellectual Property (IP) cores are often incorporated to alleviate the burden on hardware designers. However, the prevalent use of third-party IPs has raised security concerns such as hardware Trojans. These Trojans inserted in the soft IPs are very difficult to detect through functional testing and no single detection methodology has been able to completely address this issue. Based on a Register- Transfer Level (RTL) soft IP analysis method named Structural Checking, this paper presents a hardware Trojan detection methodology and tool by detailing the implementation of a Golden Reference Library for matching an unknown IP to a functionally similar Golden Reference. The matching result is quantified in percentages so that two different IPs with similar functions have a higher percentage match. A match of the unknown IP to a whitelist IP advances it to be identified with a known functionality, while a match to a blacklist IP causes it to be detected as Trojan-infested.
Review: In Black and White (Kokubyaku), by Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, translated by Phyllis I. Lyons (New York: Columbia UP, 2017).

The past few years have brought a spate of English translations of works by Jun’ichirō Tanizaki. These include two collections, both translated by Paul McCarthy and Anthony Chambers, Red Roofs and ...
Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: An Epidemiological Study Spanning 5 Academic Years:

Background:National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players are at a high risk of injuries. Elbow injuries are uncommon, but there are insufficient data specifically on elbow injuri...