cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affinity of the alpha4–beta1 integrin-targeting peptide LLP2A to canine lymphoma

Lymphoma is an important disease in dogs and people, with similar biological characteristics. We tested the binding affinity of a peptidomimetic LLP2A, previously shown to bind the alpha4–beta1 integrin on human lymphoma cell lines, to lymphocytes of dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma. Fine needle aspirates of lymph nodes from 32 dogs with B-cell lymphoma and 7 dogs with T-cell lymphoma were evaluated using flow cytometry. For B cells, the lowest MFI levels were in unlabeled, non-neoplastic lymphocytes. The highest median fluorescent intensity (MFI) levels occurred in LLP2A-labeled lymphoma cells from dogs that had not received chemotherapy followed by labeled lymphoma cells from dogs that had received chemotherapy. The fluorescence profile of the T-cell samples was similar although many of the differences were not statistically significant, likely due to low sample number. Specifically, LLP2A-labeled T-cell lymphoma cells had a significantly higher MFI compared to unlabeled non-neoplastic lymphocytes. LLP2A affinity was not significantly different in unlabeled and labeled T-cell lymphoma cells, and labeled non-neoplastic lymphocytes. For both B and T cells, labeling with LLP2A tended to increase MFI in both normal and lymphoma cells. Lymphoma cells had higher mean MFI levels than non-neoplastic lymphocytes, and chemotherapy acted to decrease MFI. In summary, these data demonstrate that LLP2A has affinity to canine lymphoma cells and indicates expression of the alpha4–beta1 integrin on these cells. In fact, LLP2A preferentially binds neoplastic B-cells, suggesting that this small molecule may be of use in cross-species clinical trials of targeted therapeutics.
Protocol for the fast chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) method

Chromatin and transcriptional processes are among the most intensively studied fields of biology today. The introduction of chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) represents a major advancement in this area. This powerful method allows researchers to probe specific protein-DNA interactions in vivo and to estimate the density of proteins at specific sites genome-wide. We have introduced several improvements to the traditional ChIP assay, which simplify the procedure, greatly reducing the time and labor required to complete the assay. The simplicity of the method yields highly reproducible results. Our improvements facilitate the probing of multiple proteins in a single experiment, which allows for the simultaneous monitoring of many genomic events. This method is particularly useful in kinetic studies where multiple samples are processed at the same time. Starting with sheared chromatin, PCR-ready DNA can be isolated from 16–24 ChIP samples in 4–6 h using the fast method.
Abstract A57: The secreted Wnt inhibitor SFRP3 is required for PAX3-FOXO1-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis

Introduction: This study aims to understand the contribution of the Wnt pathway inhibitor secreted frizzled related protein 3 (SFRP3) to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma and demonstrates features of skeletal muscle. Of the two predominant (pediatric) subtypes, embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS), aRMS has the poorer prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of Experimental procedures: Microarray analysis using the Affymetrix U133A platform was performed to compare the transcriptomes of human skeletal muscle (HSMM) cells stably expressing either an empty vector or PF. Only genes that were differentially regulated at least three-fold were considered for further study. The microarray was validated and SFRP3 mRNA levels were assessed using RT-PCR. Lentiviral technology was used to stably express shRNAs in human PF-positive aRMS cell lines Rh28 and Rh30. Cell growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis were measured by MTT assay, BrdU assay, immunoblot for cleaved caspase 3, and by PI staining followed by analysis by flow cytometry, respectively. For the xenograft tumors in mice, doxycycline-inducible SFRP3 shRNAs were stably expressed in aRMS cells. These cells were injected into the flanks of SCID/beige mice to generate the tumors. Induction of the shRNAs by doxycycline administration began once the tumors were palpable. All animal work was performed under institution approved IACUC protocols. Results: In a microarray analysis of the transcriptomes of human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) with an empty vector or PF, it was noted that the Wnt pathway was preferentially represented in HSMMs with PF. Of these, SFRP3 was selected for further investigation as its mRNA levels were elevated in PF-positive aRMS cells, but not eRMS or HSMM cells. shRNAs against SFRP3 were generated and stably expressed in Rh28 and Rh30 cells, validated to suppress SFRP3, and shown to profoundly decrease cell growth (p Conclusions: In conclusion, SFRP3 is necessary for the growth of aRMS cells both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of SFRP3 combined with standard of care chemotherapy should be explored further as SFRP3 is a promising new target in the treatment of PF-positive aRMS. Citation Format: Julie Kephart, Rosanne Jones, Lisa Crose, Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi, Corinne Linardic. The secreted Wnt inhibitor SFRP3 is required for PAX3-FOXO1-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr A57.
A model for lignin alteration - part I: a kinetic reaction-network model

A new quantitative model is presented which simulates the maturation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter under geologic conditions. In this model, compositionally specific reactants evolve to specific intermediate and mobile products through balanced, nth order processes, by way of a network of sequential and parallel reactions. The chemical kinetic approach is based primarily on published observed structural transformations of naturally matured, lignin-derived, sedimentary organic matter. Assuming that Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork coal in the Piceance Basin is primarily lignin-derived, the model is calibrated for the Multi-Well Experiment(MWX) Site in this basin. This kind of approach may be applied to other selectively preserved chemical components of sedimentary organic matter.
A 24-year-old man with cough, rhabdomyolysis, and pneumomediastinum.

Background: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (CA-MRSA) frequently causes severe necrotizing pneumonia in young patients. Case: We present the case of a 24-year-old male, who was brought to the emergency department with persistent fevers, confusion, and severe cough. He was found to have necrotizing pneumonia, pneumomediastinum, and rhabdomyolysis with renal failure. Cultures were positive for influenza A and CA-MRSA. After a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, he made a complete recovery. Conclusion: Community-acquired MRSA pneumonia is a growing health threat that typically presents in young adults after, or in conjunction with, a flu-like illness. It is characterized by a rapidly progressive deteriorating clinical course.
The Availability of Neighborhood Early Care and Education Resources and the Maltreatment of Young Children

Using Census and administrative data for 2052 Census tracts in a large urban county, this study explores the relationship between several indicators of social organization and neighborhood rates of child maltreatment for 0- to 5-year-olds. Spatial regression models demonstrate that neighborhoods with a higher percentage of 3- and 4-year-olds attending preschool or nursery school, both locally and in adjacent neighborhoods, had lower rates of early maltreatment referrals and substantiations. Neighborhoods with more licensed child care spaces relative to child care need, as defined by the number of 0- to 5-year-old in the neighborhood with working parents, had lower rates of early child maltreatment referrals. However, neighborhoods with a greater spatial density of child care center spaces, defined as the number of licensed child care center spaces or "slots" per square mile, had higher rates of early child maltreatment referrals. Neighborhoods characterized by concentrated socioeconomic disadvantage, inadequate resources for informal child supervision, and ethnic heterogeneity experienced higher rates of early child maltreatment referrals and substantiations, while neighborhoods with larger concentrations of affluent residents and immigrants experienced lower rates. These results point to the importance of community context in understanding child maltreatment risk. They also suggest that early care and education resources may deserve special attention when developing community-based prevention programs to reduce the maltreatment of young children.
Angiogenin activates Erk1/2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Abstract Angiogenin is a potent angiogenic factor that binds to endothelial cells and is endocytosed and rapidly translocated to the nucleus where it is concentrated in the nucleolus and binds to DNA. Angiogenin also activates cell-associated proteases, induces cell invasion and migration, stimulates cell proliferation, and organizes cultured cells to form tubular structures. The intracellular signaling pathways that mediate these various cellular responses are not well understood. Here we report that angiogenin induces transient phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Angiogenin does not affect the phosphorylation status of stress-associated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PD98059—a specific inhibitor of MAP or Erk kinase 1 (MEK 1), the upstream kinase that phosphorylates Erk1/2—abolishes angiogenin-induced Erk phosphorylation and cell proliferation without affecting nuclear translocation of angiogenin. In contrast, neomycin, a known inhibitor of nuclear translocation and cell proliferation, does not interfere with angiogenin-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation. These data indicate that both intracellular signaling pathways and direct nuclear functions of angiogenin are required for angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
Mitral valve replacement in children: Evolution and outcomes of a 40-year experience

Abstract Background. The ideal prosthesis for mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children remains controversial. The study aim was to review of evolution and outcomes of our 40-year experience with MVR in children. Methods. Since 1963, 75 patients (mean age 9.2 years) have undergone a total of 103 MVR operations. The etiology for valve disease was congenital in 55% of patients, rheumatic in 35%, endocarditis in 8%, and myxomatous in 2%. Xenograft bioprosthesis ( n = 13) and mechanical valves ( n = 58) were used in 71 patients at initial MVR. Since 2002, four patients have undergone MVR using a pulmonary autograft (Ross MVR). Results. Hospital mortality was 9%. Mean follow-up was 7.8 years (range; 2 months to 30 years). Twenty-three patients required reoperations (34%) after the initial MVR. Actuarial freedom from reoperation at 30 years was 47%. There were 16 late deaths and four patients underwent heart transplantation. Overall 30-year survival was 69%. Mortality for children under 2 years versus over 2 years was 47% versus 26% ( P = 0.02), for atrioventricular septal defect versus other pathology mortality was 54% versus 26% ( P = 0.05), and for those operated before versus after 1980 it was 57% versus 20% ( P = 0.003). Conclusions. MVR is the only surgical option for nonrepairable mitral valve in children. Until recently we have favored mechanical MVR for children with failed reconstructive surgery. Our recent experience with the Ross MVR and aortic homograft MVR has allowed us to offer select patients the possibility of a more durable tissue valve without the need for long-term anticoagulation. The Ross MVR is particularly attractive in young female patients.
A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

Here we report the discovery of a small-bodied (∼1.8 m) predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Madagascar. Masiakasaurus knopfleri, gen. et sp. nov., represented by several skull elements and much of the postcranial skeleton, is unique in being the only known theropod with a highly procumbent and distinctly heterodont lower dentition. Such a derived dental morphology is otherwise unknown among dinosaurs. Numerous skeletal characteristics indicate that Masiakasaurus is a member of Abelisauroidea, an enigmatic clade of Gondwanan theropods. Previously, small-bodied abelisauroids were known only from Argentina1,2,3. The occurrence of Masiakasaurus on Madagascar suggests that small-bodied abelisauroids, like their larger-bodied counterparts, were more cosmopolitan, radiating throughout much of Gondwana and paralleling the diversification of small coelurosaur theropods in Laurasia.
Brain-Tumor Interaction Biophysical Models for Medical Image Registration

State-of-the art algorithms for deformable image registration are based on the minimization of an image similarity functional that is regularized by adding a penalty term on the deformation map. The penalty function typically represents a smoothness regularization. In this article, we use a constrained optimization formulation in which the image similarity functional is coupled to a biophysical model. This formulation is pertinent when the data have been generated by imaging tissue that undergoes deformations due to an actual biophysical phenomenon. Such is the case of coregistering tumor-bearing brain images from the same individual. We present an approximate model that couples tumor growth with the mechanical deformations of the surrounding brain tissue. We consider primary brain tumors—in particular, gliomas. Glioma growth is modeled by a reaction-advection-diffusion PDE, with a two-way coupling with the underlying tissue elastic deformation. Tumor bulk, infiltration, and subsequent mass effects are not regarded separately but are captured by the model itself in the course of its evolution. Our formulation allows for updating the tumor diffusion coefficient following structural displacements caused by tumor growth/infiltration. Our forward problem implementation builds on the *PETSc* library of Argonne National Laboratory. Our reformulation results in a very small parameter space, and we use the derivative-free optimization library *APPSPACK* of Sandia National Laboratories. We test the forward model and the optimization framework by using landmark-based similarity functions and by applying it to brain tumor data from clinical and animal studies. State-of-the-art registration algorithms fail in such problems due to excessive deformations. We compare our results with previous work in our group, and we observed up to 50% improvement in landmark deformation prediction. We present preliminary validation results in which we were able to reconstruct deformation fields using four degrees of freedom. Our study demonstrates the validity of our formulation and points to the need for richer datasets and fast optimization algorithms.
Standardized susceptibility testing of fluconazole: an international collaborative study.

Abstract An international collaborative study of broth dilution (MIC) and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted by using a chemically defined medium (High-Resolution Antifungal Assay Medium; Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, United Kingdom) and standard test methods performed in eight reference laboratories. Ten yeast isolates were tested by each test method in duplicate on each of 3 separate days. The intralaboratory reproducibility of the MIC test was excellent; 95.7% of the replicate tests (n = 220) were within 2 doubling dilutions of the other values in the set for the eight laboratories. The intralaboratory reproducibility of the disk test was also good, with 91% of the replicate tests (n = 234) agreeing with each other within an arbitrarily chosen value of 4 mm. Interlaboratory agreement of MIC test results was acceptable, with 84% of the MICs agreeing within 2 doubling dilutions. In contrast, the interlaboratory agreement of the disk test was not good, with only 59% of test results agreeing within 4 mm. Comparison of the rank order of MICs obtained in each laboratory with the reference rank order gave an agreement of 70 to 80% (median, 80%) with the MIC test and 70 to 90% (median, 80%) with the disk test. These preliminary results are encouraging for the development of standardized testing methods for testing fluconazole.
Analytical aspects of the use of glass fiber filters for the collection and analysis of atmospheric particulate matter.

Abstract Characteristics of the ideal sampling medium, required by the Public Health Service National Air Sampling Network's program of sampling and analysis, are described. The chemical and physical properties of a glass fiber filter web are contrasted with these ideal characteristics. The importance of quality control by the supplier is emphasized by describing problems arising from variations in filter quality. Amounts of benzene-soluble organics, water soluble alkali and alkaline-earth salts, and metals in currently available brands are compared.
Technical Chronology and Astrological History in Varro, Censorinus and Others

Technical chronology establishes the structure of calendars and the dates of events; it is, as it were, the foundation of history, particularly ancient history. The chronologer must know enough philology to interpret texts and enough astronomy to compute the dates of celestial phenomena, above all eclipses, which alone provide absolute dates. Joseph Scaliger, so we are told, was the first to master and apply this range of technical skills:Of the mathematical principles on which the calculation of periods rests, the philologians understood nothing. The astronomers, on their side, had not yet undertaken to apply their data to the records of ancient times. Scaliger was the first of the philologians who made use of the improved astronomy of the sixteenth century to get a scientific basis for historical chronology.So Mark Pattison.This verdict can be challenged on a number of grounds. The one relevant at present is simple: Scaliger himself claimed far less. He certainly said that technical chronology had been untouched in modern times — not an entirely fair judgement — but in antiquity it had been practised in exactly the manner he considered proper, or so he believed. In particular he singles out Censorinus, whose De die natali drew extensively on Varro's lost Antiquitates rerum humanarum, books 14–19, for information on chronology.Students of Varro have long appreciated the importance of Censorinus. His dry and compact treatise offers Varronian views on etymology, the human life-span, and the course of history itself, all couched in language so jejune as to suggest that he added little or nothing to what he read.
Performance of diversity coherent and diversity incoherent receivers for optical communication over the clear turbulent atmosphere in the presence of an interferer

The fades and background noise that are seen by the receiver(s) in clear atmospheric optical communication can be mitigated with diversity and coherent receivers. However, in certain applications, one may need to be concerned with not only fades/outages, but also with an interferer that may be actively trying to interfere with our communication by sending his own optical signal towards our receiver(s). It is important to understand how our optical system performs in the presence of such an interferer. In this paper, we describe two potential interferer strategies when our communication system uses Diversity Direct Detection and two potential strategies when our system uses Diversity Homodyne Detection. We also derive and plot the performance of our systems in these scenarios, both in the absence of and in the presence of clear atmospheric turbulence. We find that if the interferer optimizes the fraction of bits over which it spreads its power, it degrades the performance of our Diversity Direct Detection or Diversity Homodyne Detection significantly more than if it were simply on all the time. Moreover, we find that the performance of Homodyne Detection with no diversity and Direct Detection with no diversity are almost the same in the presence of analogous interferers, and that diversity improves Homodyne Detection's performance while worsening Direct Detection's performance.
The impact of a confusion technique on hypnotic responsivity in low-susceptible subjects.

Abstract The present study investigated the hypothesis that a confusion technique would produce greater hypnotic responsiveness for subjects who responded minimally to a standard hypnotic induction. Ten subjects who scored in the low range of hypnotic susceptibility on the HGSHS:A (scores of 0–4) participated in a confusion induction session. Hypnotic responsiveness was measured by several scales: the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:A), a Depth Estimate (DE), and the Inventory Scale of Hypnotic Depth (ISHD). Qualitative data was collected via a follow-up interview. Collectively, the results did not support the hypothesis that a confusion technique is more effective than a standard induction for low-susceptible subjects. Implications for future research will be discussed.
Green Fluorescent Protein Tagging Drosophila Proteins at Their Native Genomic Loci With Small P Elements

We describe a technique to tag Drosophila proteins with GFP at their native genomic loci. This technique uses a new, small P transposable element (the Wee-P) that is composed primarily of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequence flanked by consensus splice acceptor and splice donor sequences. We demonstrate that insertion of the Wee-P can generate GFP fusions with native proteins. We further demonstrate that GFP-tagged proteins have correct subcellular localization and can be expressed at near-normal levels. We have used the Wee-P to tag genes with a wide variety of functions, including transmembrane proteins. A genetic analysis of 12 representative fusion lines demonstrates that loss-of-function phenotypes are not caused by the Wee-P insertion. This technology allows the generation of GFP-tagged reagents on a genome-wide scale with diverse potential applications.
Is a Black-Pigmented Corynebacterium Species an Opportunistic Pathogen during Pregnancy? Literature Review and Report of 3 New Cases

Isolation of black-pigmented Corynebacterium species from human clinical samples has been reported, although rarely. Review of the medical literature revealed 3 reports of culture isolation of these unusual bacteria. All were recovered from the female genital tract, and 1 case was associated with spontaneous abortion. Genetic characterization of these isolates indicates that they are similar and probably represent a novel pathogen in the genus Corynebacterium. We report 3 additional bacterial isolates sharing similar phenotypic and/or genotypic characteristics that were recovered from the genital tract of women who had complications of pregnancy. Similarities in these cases suggest that this newly recognized Corynebacterium species might be an opportunistic pathogen in pregnancy.
Minutiae-Based Matching State Model for Combinations in Fingerprint Matching System

In this paper we investigate the question of combining multi-sample matching results obtained during repeated attempts of fingerprint based authentication. In order to utilize the information corresponding to multiple input templates in a most efficient way, we propose a minutiae-based matching state model which uses relationship between test templates and enrolled template. The principle of this algorithm is that matching parameters, i.e the sets of matched minutiae, between these templates should be consistent in genuine matchings. Experiments are performed on FVC2002 fingerprint databases. Result shows that the system utilizing the proposed matching state model is able to outperform the original system with raw matching scores. Likelihood ratio and multilayer perceptron are used as combination methods.
A Broadly Protective Vaccine against Globally Dispersed Clade 1 and Clade 2 H5N1 Influenza Viruses

Development of effective and immunogenic vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses with the potential to cause a pandemic is a public health priority. The global demand for a vaccine cannot be met in the event of an influenza pandemic because of the limited capacity to manufacture egg-derived vaccines as well as potential problems with the availability of embryonated eggs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative, egg-independent vaccines. We developed an adenoviral vector-based vaccine that contains hemagglutinin protein from clade 1 and clade 2 viruses, as well as conserved nucleoprotein, to broaden the vaccine coverage against H5N1 viruses.
Budgetary Crisis and Congressional Spending

Dennis S. Ippolito, Congressional Spending. Lance T. LeLoup, The Fiscal Congress. Rudolph G. Penner, editor, The Congressional Budget Process After Five Years. Allen Schick, Congress and Money.
Potato response to split nitrogen timing with varying amounts of excessive irrigation

Irrigation and nitrogen management are two of the most important factors affecting production efficiency and environmental quality in potato cropping systems. Field studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine the interactive effects of irrigation amount and N timing on potato yield, quality and nitrate leaching potential. Sprinkler irrigation was applied at approximately 1.0, 1.2 or 1.4 times estimated evapotranspiration (ET) to Russet Burbank potatoes grown on a silt loam soil. Following tuber initiation, a total of 132 kg N/ha was applied through the irrigation system to N treatment subplots using either six weekly 22 kg N/ha applications or 3 biweekly 44 kg N/ha applications.
Who Comes Back? A Longitudinal Analysis of the Reentry Behavior of Exiting Teachers

While a large literature examines the factors that lead teachers to leave teaching, few studies have examined what factors affect teachers’ decisions to reenter the profession. Drawing on research on the role of family characteristics in predicting teacher work behavior, we examine predictors of reentry.We employ survival analysis of time to reentry for exiting teachers using longitudinal data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth. We find that younger, better paid, and more experienced teachers are more likely to reenter. We also find that women are more likely to return to teaching than men. Child rearing plays an important role in this difference. Women are less likely to reenter with young children at home. We conclude that reentrants may be an important source of teacher labor supply and that policies focused on the needs of teachers with young children may be effective ways for districts to attract returning teachers.
Examining the “Neglected Side of the Work-Family Interface” Antecedents of Positive and Negative Family-to-Work Spillover

This study extends previous research by Dilworth by examining antecedents of both positive and negative family-to-work spillover—a long-neglected area of research. It also uses an extended definition of domestic labor that includes emotion work and status enhancement. Using data from a random sample of dual-earner couples, the study found gender differences and similarities in the antecedents of family-to-work spillover. For both men and women, family cohesion and emotion-work satisfaction enhanced positive family-to-work spillover. For men, relationship satisfaction was associated with positive family-to-work spillover, whereas satisfaction with the housework arrangement was related to women’s positive spillover. The factors associated with negative family-to-work spillover are different for men and women. For men, satisfaction with the status enhancement they perform in support of their partner’s career was related to decreased negative family-to-work spillover. For women, the presence of preschool-aged...
Massively Parallel Optical Data Base Management

Using Page Oriented Holographic Memories (POHMs) optically addressed Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs), joint transform correlators, 2D or 1D acousto--optic cells, and optically addressable RAMs we can produce a massively parallel optical data base management system.
The Role of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Defining Transfusion Medicine Policy

Government officials, administrators and physicians charged with providing a safe blood supply face a difficult dilemma. After enduring decades of hepatitis C (HCV) risk without effective means to detect carriage of the causative agent and after discovering the havoc that can be wrought by a lethal, blood-borne immunodeficiency virus with a long incubation period, enhanced donor screening and testing tools have reduced infectious disease risks in the allogeneic blood supply of industrialized nations to lower levels than ever enjoyed previously. At the same time, however, new opportunities for increasing the safety of the blood supply pose new risks and may consume large amounts of healthcare resources. Choosing the course to be followed in these new waters is not simple.
Factors affecting job and career satisfaction among community pharmacists: a structural equation modeling approach.

abstract Objectives To investigate the effects of continuing pharmacy education (CPE), preceptorship, and the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting job and career satisfaction. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Two grocery store pharmacy chains located in Indiana between May 2002 and February 2004. Participants 108 community pharmacists. Intervention Self-administered survey. Main outcome measures Structural equation modeling was used to determine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, perceived benefits of CPE, advanced training, and being a preceptor on community pharmacists' job and career satisfaction. Results Job satisfaction predicted career satisfaction (regression weight 0.49, P = 0.007). The final model comprised extrinsic factors only (regression coefficient = 0.897, P = 0.013) with reasonable-fit indices (x 2 ratio = 1.38, root mean square error of approximation = 0.07 [90% CI 0.05-0.09], Bentler comparative fit index 0.915). Intrinsic factors were omitted because of insignificant regression weight (B) in the initial model (B = 0.24, P = 0.278). CPE and preceptorship provided significantly positive effects on extrinsic factors, with coefficients of 0.30 (P = 0.029) and 0.27 (P = 0.027), respectively. While perceived value of being a preceptor contributed significantly to extrinsic factors related to job satisfaction, it was associated with a negative impact on career satisfaction (B = − 0.41, P = 0.005). Advanced training had a negative impact on career satisfaction (B = − 0.21, P = 0.114). Conclusion Job and career satisfaction are significantly influenced by extrinsic factors and may increase when pharmacists enroll in CPE programs and/or precept students. Pharmacists may engage in precepting in an attempt to increase job satisfaction. Further research in this area is needed.
Implementing atomicity in two systems: techniques, tradeoffs, and experience

This paper presents our experience with implementing atomicity in two systems: the QuickSilver distributed file system and the Starburst relational database manager. Each of these systems guarantees that certain collections of operations done on behalf of their clients execute atomically, despite process, machine, or network failures. In this paper we describe the atomic properties implemented by each system, present the algorithms and mechanisms used, examine the similarities and differences between the two systems, and give the rationale for different design decisions. We demonstrate that the support of atomicity with high performance requires a variety of techniques carefully chosen to balance the amount of data logged, the level of concurrency allowed, and the mutual consistency requirements of sets of objects, The main goal is to help others implement efficient systems that support atomicity. >
Proportion of individuals with low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations without macrocytosis is higher in the post–folic acid fortification period than in the pre–folic acid fortification period

BACKGROUND Large intakes of folic acid may delay the diagnosis of vitamin B-12 deficiency, which could lead to irreversible neuropathy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the proportion of individuals with low serum vitamin B-12 without macrocytosis (undiagnosed vitamin B-12 deficiency) has increased in the post-folic acid fortification period. DESIGN Individuals aged >or=19 y with low serum vitamin B-12 (<258 pmol/L) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measured between 1995 and 2004 were identified from medical records. The proportion and odds ratios of individuals with low serum vitamin B-12 without macrocytosis by sex, race, and age according to prefortification (n = 86), perifortification (n = 138), and postfortification (n = 409) periods were determined. RESULTS MCV was significantly lower in the postfortification period (88.6 fL) than in the prefortification (94.4 fL; P < 0.001) and perifortification (90.6 fL; P = 0.007) periods. The proportion of subjects with low serum vitamin B-12 without macrocytosis was significantly higher in the postfortification (approximately 87%) and perifortification (approximately 85%) periods than in the prefortification period (approximately 70%; P < 0.001). In a sex-, race-, and age-adjusted analysis, the odds ratio for having low serum vitamin B-12 without macrocytosis was 3.0 (95% CI: 1.7, 5.2) in the postfortification period relative to the prefortification period. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with low serum vitamin B-12 were likely to be without macrocytosis in the postfortification period. MCV should not be used as a marker for vitamin B-12 insufficiency. It is possible that folic acid fortification may have led to a correction of macrocytosis associated with vitamin B-12 insufficiency.
A study of the Navier-Stokes-α model for two-dimensional turbulence

The Navier–Stokes-α model of turbulence is a mollification of the Navier–Stokes equations, in which the vorticity is advected and stretched by a smoothed velocity field. The smoothing is performed by filtering the velocity field over spatial scales of size smaller than α. This is achieved by convolution with a kernel associated with Green's function of the Helmholtz operator scaled by a parameter α. The statistical properties of the smoothed velocity field are expected to match those of Navier–Stokes turbulence for scales larger than α, thus providing a more computable model for those scales. For wavenumbers k such that kα ≫ 1, corresponding to spatial scales smaller than α, there are three candidate power laws for the energy spectrum, corresponding to three possible characteristic time scales in the model equations: one from the smoothed field, the second from the rough field and the third from a special combination of the two. In two dimensions, the second time scale may be understood to characterize th...
Modeling of complex scenarios using LVC simulation

Interoperation of simulation models is an important issue due to high level requirements of reusability, scalability, and eventually training effect. Achieving Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) simulation interoperability is a main goal and a major challenge for M&S community. High interoperability quality in LVC simulation environment is a technologically complex task, being affected by multiple factors, and the task is not yet satisfactorily characterized and studied. This research presents an experimental LVC simulation framework to model and simulate complex war fighting scenarios. Our experimental framework implementation discusses key issues for LVC interoperability encountered during our experimentation. A case study is presented to discuss LVC integration and interoperability challenges. Our experimental research aim is to contribute to the definition and design concepts of LVC simulation systems developments, technological considerations and adequate interoperability.
Apparent diel feeding by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz 1865 (Ctenophora, Lobata)

The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz (1865) is not generally believed to exhibit diel feeding. As a result, the majority of studies documenting feeding of M. leidyi have been performed during the day, which may underestimate or overestimate daily clearance and ingestion rates if feeding changes over the diel cycle. Here, diel feeding by M. leidyi was examined during seven separate 24-h periods using gut content analysis. The total prey abundance and number of prey consumed per ctenophore did not differ between day and night; however, the percent of ctenophores with empty guts was higher during the day. These data show that, although fewer ctenophores consumed prey during the day, those that did consumed a larger number than at night. Additionally, the composition of the prey assemblage and the diet of M. leidyi did not differ between day and night; however, the composition of the prey assemblage differed from that observed in ctenophore guts, indicating selective feeding. Despite the lack of an overall difference in prey abundance and diet composition, isopods, cumaceans, decapod shrimp larvae and mantis shrimp larvae were observed in ctenophore guts only at night. These observations emphasize the importance of both day and night sampling, especially in ecosystems where prey availability changes significantly over the diel cycle.
INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT DISTURBING TORQUES ON THE MOTION OF GRAVITY-GRADIENT STABILIZED SATELLITES

Abstract : The effect of a constant disturbing torque upon the transient response of a gravity-gradient stabilized body is demonstrated. It is assumed that the satellite is on a circular orbit. Thus the oblateness and other asymmetries of the earth are neglected. The only torques which act on the body are those due to the gravity gradient, and the contant disturbance. (Author)
Qualitative Investigation of Force Density Components in Electromechanical Energy Conversion Process

Despite considerable progress in development of power electronic-based control of electromechanical energy converters (EMEC), relatively small changes in the design of EMECs have been observed. A physically insightful understanding of the origins and spatial distribution of the electromagnetic force components can shed light on the process of design and control of EMEC, thereby creating new opportunities for reaching new horizons in their performance. This, in turn, translates into substantial changes in the way electric energy is generated and consumed. This paper presents a qualitative approach to the process of electromechanical energy conversion with an emphasis on the local force densities in various parts of an EMEC. Fundamental concepts in generation and distribution of the electromagnetic force components have been explored in the context of an elementary EMEC. The results of this paper represents a path towards a better understanding of conventional EMEC and their operational characteristics and how new technologies may be useful in the design of more effective EMECs.
Preliminary web-based measures development for GHB: expectancies, functions, and withdrawal

Background: Much of what is understood regarding gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) treatment is based on hospital case studies for overdose and withdrawal, and there are currently no measures developed specifically for GHB or its analogs (e.g., gamma butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol) to assess drug effect expectancies, reasons for starting use, withdrawal effects, and knowledge and opinions about use. Objectives: This pilot study (N = 61) was conducted to begin measures development to assess experiences, functions of use, and opinions regarding use as indicated by respondents taking a Web-based survey. Methods: Minimum average partial correlation and parallel analysis procedures are employed to create scales. Results: Scales were developed to assess expectancies, reasons for use, withdrawal, and knowledge/opinions of use with median α = .79 and that account for 8.69–24.17% of the variance. Conclusion: Scales have relatively good psychometric properties and replication is needed. Scientific Significance: GHB-spe...
Conserved GU-Rich Elements Mediate mRNA Decay by Binding to CUG-Binding Protein 1

We used computational algorithms to find conserved sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of transcripts that exhibited rapid decay in primary human T cells and found that the consensus sequence UGUUUGUUUGU, which we have termed a GU-rich element (GRE), was enriched in short-lived transcripts. Using a tet-off reporter system, we showed that insertion of GRE-containing sequences from c-jun, jun B, or TNF receptor 1B, but not mutated GRE sequences, into the 3'UTR of a beta-globin transcript conferred instability on the otherwise stable beta-globin transcript. CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) was identified as the major GRE-binding activity in cytoplasmic extracts from primary human T cells based on supershift and immunoprecipitation assays. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CUGBP1 in HeLa cells caused stabilization of GRE-containing transcripts, suggesting that CUGBP1 is a mediator of GRE-dependent mRNA decay. Overall, our results suggest that the GRE mediates coordinated mRNA decay by binding to CUGBP1.
Talking to strangers without taking their candy: isolating proxied content

Social networks have begun supporting external content integration with platforms like OpenSocial and the Facebook API. These platforms let users install third- party applications and are a popular example of a mashup. Content integration is often accomplished by proxying the third-party content or importing third-party scripts. However, these methods introduce serious risks of user impersonation and data exposure. Modern browsers provide no mechanism to differentiate between trusted and untrusted embedded content. As a result, content providers are forced to trust third-party scripts or ensure user safety by means of server-side code sanitization. We demonstrate the difficulties of server-side code filtering -- and the ramifications of its failure - with an example from the Facebook Platform. We then propose browser modifications that would distinguish between trusted and untrusted content and enforce their separation.
The effect of cyclic loading on rotated bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament graft constructs.

BackgroundSingle-incision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a bone–patellar tendon–bone construct is commonly performed with 180° rotation of the graft. It has been hypothesized that f...
Towards linking patients and clinical information: detecting UMLS concepts in e-mail

The purpose of this project is to explore the feasibility of detecting terms within the electronic messages of patients that could be used to effectively search electronic knowledge resources and bring health information resources into the hands of patients. Our team is exploring the application of the natural language processing (NLP) tools built within the Lister Hill Center at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to the challenge of detecting relevant concepts from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) within the free text of lay people's electronic messages (e-mail). We obtained a sample of electronic messages sent by patients participating in a randomized field evaluation of an internet-based home care support service to the project nurse, and we subjected elements of these messages to a series of analyses using several vocabularies from the UMLS Metathesaurus and the selected NLP tools. The nursing vocabularies provide an excellent starting point for this exercise because their domain encompasses patient's responses to health challenges. In successive runs we augmented six nursing vocabularies (NANDA Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Interventions Classification, Nursing Outcomes Classification, Home Health Classification, Omaha System, and the Patient Care Data Set) with selected sets of clinical terminologies (International Classification of Primary Care; International Classification of Primary Care- American English; Micromedex DRUGDEX; National Drug Data File; Thesaurus of Psychological Terms; WHO Adverse Drug Reaction Terminology) and then additionally with either Medical Subject Heading (MESH) or SNOMED International terms. The best performance was obtained when the nursing vocabularies were complemented with selected clinical terminologies. These findings have implications not only for facilitating lay people's access to electronic knowledge resources but may also be of assistance in developing new tools to aid in linking free text (e.g., clinical notes) to lexically complex knowledge resources such as those emerging from the Human Genome Project.
Prediction of the left ventricular ejection fraction improvement using echocardiography and mechanical modeling.

A fundamental goal of cardiac revascularization is to improve the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), which is an important indicator of long-term prognosis for patients with coronary artery disease. Prediction of cardiac function improvement after revascularization would be very helpful for patients with severe LV dysfunction who are at a high surgical risk. Echocardiography, which is widely used in screening patients with LV dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease for possible revascularization, detects the viable segments and, thus, suggests a regional or segmental function improvement after revascularization, but the corresponding EF improvement is unknown. Previous studies have suggested that parameters, such as the number of viable segments and the EF increases in response to inotropic stimulation, are correlated with postrevascularization EF. However, this correlation was very weak and the data were so scattered that no practical prediction could be given for each individual patient. A tool is needed to predict EF improvement for individual patients. We proposed using mechanical LV modeling in combination with cardiac images as a new approach to predict EF improvement. The specific aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach in estimating postrevascularization EF improvement.