cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CML Progenitor Cells Have Chromsomal Instability and Display Increased DNA Damage at DNA Fragile Sites.

Chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML) is a two stage disease which progresses to blast crisis over a period of 3–5 years in untreated patients. The BCR/ABL oncogene induces the hyperproliferation associated with chronic phase CML but whether BCR/ABL induces chromosomal instability leading to blast crisis has been controversial. We have previously demonstrated that BCR/ABL delays the repair of DNA double strand breaks and increases chromosomal instability in a murine cell line. Furthermore, we have demonstrated in cell lines that BCR/ABL disrupts the function of the DNA damage sensing protein, ataxia telangiectasia and rad 3 related (ATR). One of the functions of ATR is to maintain the stability of DNA fragile sites, late replicating sites in the chromosome that are frequently involved in translocations. To determine if BCR/ABL affects the stability of DNA fragile sites in Ba/F3 cells that do or do not express BCR/ABL, cells were incubated in low dose aphidicolin for 24 hours to induce fragile site breakage. BCR/ABL expressing cells, but not control cells, demonstrated fragile site damage consistent with a disruption of ATR function in BCR/ABL expressing cells. In order to determine if primary patient cells display a genomic instability phenotype, we have analyzed the response to DNA damage in CD34+ cells from normal volunteers and from CML patients seen at the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center. We first examined the DNA repair response by treating cells for two hours with etoposide. Both normal cells and CML progenitor cells demonstrate DNA double strand breaks as measured by the comet assay, a quantitative assay for DNA double strand breaks. However, in Ph+ cells from the patient sample there was a delay in the repair of DNA double strand breaks as indicated by a significant increase in the olive tail moment at 2 hours and 24 hours after treatment with etoposide. In addition, we analyzed the effect of a two hour exposure to etoposide on chromosome stability as measured by spectral karyotyping (SKY). Normal CD34+ cells and CD34+ cells from patients were treated with etoposide and then allowed to recover for 48 hours before analysis of metaphase spreads. Normal cells demonstrated no spontaneous DNA damage and, after etoposide treatment and repair, demonstrated only modest levels of DNA damage (2 translocations and 5 numerical alterations per 14 metaphases analyzed). In contrast, Ph+ cells demonstrated spontaneous DNA damage in these cell conditions. Furthermore, after etoposide treatment Ph+ cells demonstrated high levels of DNA damage with 9 translocations and 12 numerical alterations in 13 metaphases. These results suggest that Ph+ progenitor cells from patients with CML demonstrate chromosomal instability and suggest a mechanism for progression from CML chronic phase to blast crisis. Full analysis of additional patient samples will be presented. Taken together, we propose that BCR/ABL disrupts ATR function in cell lines and primary cells leading to an increase in chromosomal instability that leads to CML blast crisis.
Examination A Study in The District of Batticaloa

This study focuses on the relationship between the quality of education and the level of performance of the students in the Batticaloa district.
Reducing Healthcare Costs Through Patient Targeting: Risk Adjustment Modeling to Predict Patients Remaining High-Cost

Context: The transition to population health management has changed the healthcare landscape to identify high risk, high cost patients. Various measures of patient risk have attempted to identify likely candidates for care management programs. Pre-screening patients for outreach has often required several years of data. Intermountain Healthcare relied on cost-ranking algorithms which had limited predictive ability. A new risk-adjusted algorithm shows improvements in predicting patients’ future cost status to facilitate identifying patient eligibility for care management. Case Description: A retrospective cohort study design was used to evaluate high-cost patient status for two of the next three years. Modeling was developed using logistic regression and tested against other decision tree methods. Key variables included those readily available in electronic health records supplemented by additional clinical data and estimates of socio-economic status. Findings: The risk-adjusted modeling correctly identified 79.0% of patients ranking among the top 15% of costs in one of the next three years. In addition, it correctly estimated 48.1% of the patients in the top 15% cost group in two of the next three years. This method identified patients with higher medical costs and more comorbid conditions than previous cost-ranking methods. Major Themes: This approach improves the predictive accuracy of identifying high cost patients in the future and increases the sensitivity of identifying at-risk patients. It also shortened data requirements to identify eligibility criteria for case management interventions. Conclusion: Risk-adjustment modeling may improve management programs’ interface with patients thus decreasing costs. This method may be generalized to other healthcare settings.
Authentic research in an introductory geology laboratory and student reflections: Impact on nature of science understanding and science self-efficacy

This study examines the effects of an extended authentic research experience on students’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) and self-efficacy toward science. The curriculum of an introdu...
Intraoral scan bodies in implant dentistry: A systematic review

Abstract Statement of problem Intraoral scan body (ISB) design is highly variable and its role in the digital workflow and accuracy of digital impressions is not well understood. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the relevant reports pertaining to ISBs with regard to design and accuracy and to describe their evolution and role in the digital dentistry workflow. Special attention was placed on their key features in relation to intraoral scanning technology and the digitization process. Materials and methods A MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed to identify relevant reports pertaining to ISB usage in dentistry. This search included but was not limited to scan body features and design, scan body accuracy, and scan body techniques and the role of ISBs in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) processes. Commercially available scan bodies were examined, and a patient situation was shown highlighting the use of ISBs in the digital workflow. Results Deficiencies in the reports were found regarding various scan body topics, including ISB features/design, accuracy, and the role of ISBs in CAD-CAM processes. Conclusions ISBs are complex implant-positioning-transfer devices that play an essential role in the digital workflow and fabrication of accurately fitting implant-supported restorations. With scanner technology rapidly evolving and becoming more widespread, future studies are needed and should be directed toward all parts of the digital workflow when using ISBs. By understanding the basic components of ISBs and how they relate to digital scanning and CAD-CAM technology, more emphasis may be placed on their importance and usage in the digital workflow to ensure accurate transfer of implant position to the virtual and analog definitive cast. Efforts should be made by clinicians to identify an optimal ISB design in relation to the specific intraoral scanning technology being used.
Growth Trajectories of Young Children's Objectively Determined Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Body Mass Index

Abstract Purpose: This study examined trajectories in children's physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and body mass index (BMI) for both genders, and relationships among these trajectories, ...
Getting Started with Protein Purification

Protein purification is generally a multi-step process exploiting a wide range of biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the target protein, such as its source, relative concentration, solubility, charge, and hydrophobicity. The ideal purification strives to obtain the maximum recovery of the desired protein, with minimal loss of activity, combined with the maximum removal of other contaminating proteins.
Isolation of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells based on adhesion characteristics to collagen-coated surfaces

Our lab developed and optimized a method, known as the modified pre-plate technique, to isolate stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle. This method separates different populations of myogenic cells based on their propensity to adhere to a collagen I-coated surface. Based on their surface markers and stem-like properties, including self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and ability to promote tissue regeneration, the last cell fraction or slowest to adhere to the collagen-coated surface (pre-plate 6; pp6) appears to be early, quiescent progenitor cells termed muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs). The cell fractions preceding pp6 (pp1-5) are likely populations of more committed (differentiated) cells, including fibroblast- and myoblast-like cells. This technique may be used to isolate MDSPCs from skeletal muscle of humans or mice regardless of age, sex or disease state, although the yield of MDSPCs varies with age and health. MDSPCs can be used for regeneration of a variety of tissues including bone, articular cartilage, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and nerve. MDSPCs are currently being tested in clinical trials for treatment of urinary incontinence and myocardial infarction. MDSPCs from young mice have also been demonstrated to extend life span and healthspan in mouse models of accelerated aging through an apparent paracrine/endocrine mechanism. Here we detail methods for isolation and characterization of MDSPCs.
A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Aggressive and Depressive Tendencies in Elementary School Age Boys and Girls

Aggression is a form of behavior that is typically directed outward. Aggression is associated with the affect of anger but is defined in behavioral terms so that aggression may take place without the affective accompaniments of anger. The aggressive child is characterized as aggressive because he or she strikes other children, directs hostile comments towards others, destroys property—that is, inflicts injury on some external object or person. There are also circumstances in which children will direct angry behavior toward themselves and experience self-directed injury and pain. However, this form of aggression is much less common and, in general, aggression entails social behaviors that are directed toward individuals and objects in the external environment. Depression, in contrast, is a construct that refers to an inward, asocial form of response. The affect of sadness and related dysphoric feelings are implicated in depression. However, while depression may be more closely linked to dysphoric affect than aggression is to anger, depression can be defined in behavioral terms such as social isolation and withdrawal, motor retardation, pessimism and reduced initiative.
One Is the Loneliest Number: How the WHO’s Redefinition of Infertility Provokes Contestations of the Body and the Body Politic

Few decisions by the World Health Organization have elicited as much attention or criticism as its recent announcement to redefine as both infertile and disabled – and thus as eligible to receive publically funded artificial reproductive therapies – single women and men who are unable to have children solely because of their inability to find a sexual partner. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine two other lesser-discussed but nonetheless significant dimensions of this decision, namely, its theoretical and philosophical import for conceptions of both disability and parenting as a public good. Toward that end I draw upon Christopher Riddle’s philosophical definition of disability and Tamar Ezer’s exploration of parental positive rights to make the argument that just as defining singleness as an infertile disability undermines the latter’s conceptual integrity, so too does redefining parenthood as the exercise of autonomous right render it incapable of producing the kind of moral and political goods integral to a flourishing democratic society.
Rapamycin: Risking Harm for Canine Longevity.

Because the average life expectancy of a dog (10–13 years) is so much shorter than the average human life span, most canine guardians desire that their dogs live longer (healthy) lives. Scientists ...
Language and the Phenomenological Reduction

Discussion of the phenomenological reduction in the introductory chapter called attention to the two characteristics which are an outcome of its attempt to suppress metaphysical presuppositions. First, it reduces transcendent reality to phenomenal status, and second, it will accept nothing as true that is not self-evident and clear.
Instrumenting an Agile Data Ecosystem for Intelligent Infrastructure Research, Education, and Development

ABSTRACTThis research investigated the transformative landscape of Virginia Tech in developing the “Beyond Boundaries” transdisciplinary area of Intelligent Infrastructure for Human Centered Commun...
Grammar Games in the Age of Anti-Remediation

Several states have now implemented policies restricting basic writers' access to four-year universities, and the students most likely to be affected are African American, Latino, and nonnative English speakers. The pressure to speed students' mastery of standard written English, along with the trend toward more explicit instruction in second language pedagogy, has resulted in a renewed interest in teaching grammar. While some of these recommendations claim that standard written English can be taught as one code among many, used for certain rhetorical situations, such approaches may not prove more inclusive when the syntactic features of academic writing are presented as relatively benign choices, nor do they adequately explain the different ways we process spoken and written texts. This article describes an approach using open-ended games to help activate the switch all writers must make, regardless of home language, when they shift from spoken word to print text.
Reversible Progressive Multiple Cranial Nerve Paresis in the Isolated Fourth Ventricle following Placement of Fourth Ventricle Shunt: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background/aims Multiple lower cranial nerve paresis occurring after placement of a fourth ventricle shunt for an isolated fourth ventricle is an uncommon complication in the postoperative period. Of the various etiologies, direct brain stem injury by the catheter and rapid decompression of the fourth ventricle by the shunt causing traction on the cranial nerves have been reported in the literature. Methods We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with an isolated fourth ventricle who developed bilateral facial and multiple lower cranial nerve paresis with bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia a month after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The postprocedure MRI showed a well-decompressed fourth ventricle with catheter tip located along the long axis of the fourth ventricle. Results She was managed non-operatively. She improved gradually in her cranial nerve paresis over the next 3 months and completely recovered at 9 months. Conclusion We believe the reversible multiple cranial nerve neuropathies resulted from acute decompression of the fourth ventricle following the shunt insertion. A gradual decompression of the dilated fourth ventricle by an aqueductal stent or a high-pressure shunting system could prevent this potential complication.
Paradigms That Define Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cell Fate in Development and Regeneration

Throughout the lifespan, lung injury impedes the primary critical function essential for life-respiration. To repair quickly and efficiently is critical and is orchestrated by a diverse repertoire of progenitor cells and their niche. This review incorporates knowledge gained from early studies in lung epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate and explores its relevance to more recent findings of lung progenitor and stem cells in development and regeneration. Cell fate in the lung is organized into an early specification phase and progressive differentiation phase in lung development. The advent of single-cell analysis combined with lineage analysis and projections is uncovering new functional cell types in the lung, providing a topographical atlas for progenitor cell lineage commitment during development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Lineage commitment of lung progenitor cells is spatiotemporally regulated during development. Single-cell sequencing technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of the similarities and differences between developmental and regenerative cell fate trajectories. Subsequent unraveling of the molecular mechanisms underlying these cell fate decisions will be essential to manipulating progenitor cells for regeneration.
Lumbar Plexus Block versus Peri-capsular Injection for Hip Arthroscopy: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial:

Objectives:To perform a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing pericapsular injection versus lumbar plexus blockade for post-operative pain control following arthroscopic surgery on ...
The Effects of Reward and Level of Aspiration on Students with Deviant Behavior

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of rewards and level of aspiration with children classified by a behavior problem checklist. Forty-five junior high age, potential dropout students were classified according to deviant classroom behaviors. They were then tested in several different levels of aspiration and reward treatment combinations. Results showed no differences between classifications of students and no hypothesized differences in the differential effectiveness of level of aspiration and reward for the types of students. The results also showed that setting a high level of aspiration had a significant positive effect.
Effect of increasing proportion of supplemental nitrogen from urea on intake and utilization of low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage by beef steers

Five Angus x Hereford steers with ruminal and duodenal fistulas were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square to determine effects of increasing the proportion of urea in supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) on intake, fermentation, and digestion. Steers had ad libitum access to low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage (2.4% CP, 76% NDF). Supplemental DIP (380 g/d) was from sodium caseinate and(or) urea and was balanced with cornstarch to provide a final supplement (approximately 939 g DM/d) that contained 40% CP. The percentages of supplemental DIP from urea were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Intake of forage OM was not affected (P > or = .30) by urea level. Ruminal and total tract digestibilities of OM and NDF generally responded in a quadratic manner (P < or = .09) to increasing urea, with the lowest values observed at the highest urea level. As a result, digestible OM intake (DOMI) declined (linear, P = .03) with increasing proportions of urea and tended (quadratic, P = .14) to exhibit the largest proportional decline at the highest urea level. The effects of increasing urea on duodenal N flow, microbial efficiency, ruminal contents, and fluid dilution rate were minimal. Ruminal ammonia N and molar percent acetate increased linearly (P < or = .02), whereas most other VFA (except propionate) decreased (P < or = .05) with increasing urea. In conclusion, although forage OM intake was not altered, OM digestion, NDF digestion, and DOMI were lowest when all supplemental DIP was supplied as urea. Changes in fermentation characteristics reflected the change in source of available nitrogen.
Agent Based Cybersecurity Model for Business Entity Risk Assessment

Computer networks and surging advancements of innovative information technology construct a critical infrastructure for network transactions of business entities. Information exchange and data access though such infrastructure is scrutinized by adversaries for vulnerabilities that lead to cyber-attacks. This paper presents an agent-based system modelling to conceptualize and extract explicit and latent structure of the complex enterprise systems as well as human interactions within the system to determine common vulnerabilities of the entity. The model captures emergent behavior resulting from interactions of multiple network agents including the number of workstations, regular, administrator and third-party users, external and internal attacks, defense mechanisms for the network setting, and many other parameters. A risk-based approach to modelling cybersecurity of a business entity is utilized to derive the rate of attacks. A neural network model will generalize the type of attack based on network traffic features allowing dynamic state changes. Rules of engagement to generate self-organizing behavior will be leveraged to appoint a defense mechanism suitable for the attack-state of the model. The effectiveness of the model will be depicted by time-state chart that shows the number of affected assets for the different types of attacks triggered by the entity risk and the time it takes to revert into normal state. The model will also associate a relevant cost per incident occurrence that derives the need for enhancement of security solutions.
Hematologic Abnormalities in Fanconi Anemia: An International Fanconi Anemia Registry Study

(95% confidence interval, 93% to 99%) by 40 years of age. Common hematologic abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia. These were often associated with decreased bone marrow (BM) cellularity (75% of cases studied). Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities developed in 23 of 68 persons with BM failure who had adequate studies. Actuarial risk of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities during BM failure ANCON1 ANEMIA is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by aplastic anemia and congenital abnormalities.’ Hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, like diepoxybutane (DEB), is often used as a diagnostic test.’ DEB testing allows diagnosis of Fanconi anemia in persons with diverse clinical features including those without clinically detectable congenital abn~rmalities.~ Complementation studies suggest that the genetic bases of Fanconi anemia are heterogeneo~s.~.~ Abnormalities in at least four genes, defined by complementation groups A, B, C, and D, result in increased DNA cross-linking sensitivity’ that characterizes Fanconi anemia. Group C complementing gene (FACC) was recently cloned! Mutation analysis suggests a correlation between genetic and clinical features in persons with abnormalities in this gene.7 Although hematologic abnormalities are common in persons with Fanconi a~~emia,~,~ their natural history is uncertain. Most studies are of small numbers of subjects with brief follow-up. We analyzed hematologic abnormalities in 388 persons with Fanconi anemia reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR). F
CAR T Cells for Hematologic Malignancies

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents an exciting new therapeutic modality to engage the Timmune system to fight cancer. Genetic modification of autologous T cells to express the CAR surface molecule is typically achieved via the use of a viral vector, resulting in antitumor immune responses and long-term immune surveillance. Patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) lymphoid malignancies have been the first to reap the benefits of this new therapeutic approach. Response rates of 80–90% have been observed in patients with RR acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with the CD19 targeted CAR T tisagenlecleucel, many of which experience long-term remissions. High response rates are observed in patients with RR non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with either tisagenlecleucel or axicabtagene ciloleucel who otherwise have no viable treatment options. Approvals of a third commercial anti-CD19 CAR T cell product, a CAR T cell indication against CLL, and the first CAR T directed against B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for patients with RR multiple myeloma are all expected within the next year. Despite the impressive single-agent efficacy of CAR T in RR lymphoid malignancies, challenges remain with respect to optimizing long-term efficacy, improving tolerability (Chap. 58), and expanding this exciting treatment option to other malignancies such as Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and solid tumors. Ongoing clinical trials aim to characterize the benefit of targeting multiple antigens simultaneously with CAR T, combining CAR T with immunomodulating agents, and developing future generations of CAR T to further build upon the success observed to date.
A survey of gastroenterologists in the United States on the use of central neuromodulators for treating irritable bowel syndrome

Background Central neuromodulators are an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but may be used less frequently than other therapies. Aims To survey gastroenterologists in the United States (US) about their use of neuromodulators in patients with IBS. Methods A 23-question survey was distributed to gastroenterologists in the United States. Comparisons in prescribing practices were conducted between (a) gastroenterologists who were "high prescribers" versus "low prescribers" of neuromodulators in patients with IBS and (b) gastroenterologists and "gastroenterology experts" in the use of neuromodulators using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results The 525 gastroenterologists who were surveyed used neuromodulators for a median range of 21%-30% of their patients with IBS. Neuromodulators were described as extremely/very important in managing IBS by 55% of clinicians. Significant predictors of high-prescribing behaviour were academic versus clinical practice setting (odds ratio [OR] 2.60 [95% CI 1.61-4.20]), disorders of brain-gut interaction focused practice (OR 4.80 [2.60-8.84]), and greater perceived effectiveness of neuromodulators (OR 2.75 [1.30-5.84]). Compared to gastroenterologists, experts prescribed neuromodulators to a higher percentage of their patients with IBS (41%-50% vs 21%-30%; P = 0.019) and more frequently found neuromodulators effective (70% vs 27%; P = 0.003). However, concern about side effects was the most common barrier to neuromodulator use (59%). Conclusions The majority of US gastroenterologists believe central neuromodulators are important in treating IBS, and 27% believe they are effective in most patients. High prescribers are in academic practice, focus in IBS and perceive central neuromodulators as effective. Education is needed to improve gastroenterologists' prescribing behaviour.
Reinforcement learning-based register renaming policy for simultaneous multithreading CPUs

Abstract Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) improves the performance of superscalar CPUs by exploiting thread-level parallelism with shared entries for better utilization of resources. A key issue for this out-of-order execution is that the occupancy latency of a physical rename register can be undesirably long due to many program execution-dependent factors that result in performance degradation. Such an issue becomes even more problematic in an SMT environment in which these registers are shared among concurrently running threads. Smartly managing this critical shared resource to ensure that slower threads do not block faster threads’ execution is essential to the advancement of SMT performance. In this paper, an actor–critic style reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed to dynamically assigning an upper-bound (cap) of the rename registers any thread is allowed to use according to the threads’ real-time demand. In particular, a critic network projects the current Issue Queues (IQ) usage, register file usage, and the cap value to a reward; an actor network is trained to project the current IQ usage and register file usage to the optimal real-time cap value via ascending the instructions per cycle (IPC) gradient within the trajectory distribution. The proposed method differs from the state-of-the-art (Wang and Lin, 2018) as the cap for the rename registers for each thread is adjusted in real-time according to the policy and state transition from self-play. The proposed method shows an improvement in IPC up to 162.8% in a 4-threaded system, 154.8% in a 6-threaded system and up to 101.7% in an 8-threaded system. The code is now available open source at https://github.com/98k-bot/RL-based-SMT-Register-Renaming-Policy .
The Impact of Integrated Behavioral Healthcare on Glycemic Control

Integrated behavioral healthcare (IBH) is the “standard of care” to address psychosocial factors impacting diabetes outcomes; it is not standard in practice. This longitudinal, retrospective, chart-review examines IBH impact on glycemic control in an adult diabetes clinic. Adults (n = 374) with ≥ 1 behavioral health encounter, ≥ 2 hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, and HbA1c value > 8% at initial IBH visit were included. Mixed effects linear piecewise models examined differences in slope trajectories for 365 days pre- and post-IBH intervention. Pre-intervention slope was not significant (z = − 1.09, p = 0.28). The post-intervention slope was significant (z = − 6.44, p 1% in HbA1c over the following year. These results suggest that IBH significantly improves patients’ metabolic status. Next steps for IBH research are offered.
Cut to the chase – How multimodal cohesion secures narrative orientation in film trailers

Abstract Recent years have seen a growing number of studies explore the narrative, persuasive and multimodal design of film trailers ( Maier, 2009 , Maier, 2011 , Wildfeuer and Pollaroli, 2017 ). While such work has primarily looked at the ways in which trailers realize persuasive functions ( Hediger, 2001 , Maier, 2011 ; Krebs, 2020 ), this paper examines how the (audio-visual) representational choices made by trailer editors can provide narrative orientation for the film audience. Inside a self-compiled corpus of 150 genre-stratified US-American film trailers, recurring audio-visual, cohesive patterns are elicited. It will be shown that the visual effects of this cohesive thrust can be tied to the cinematographic choices editors make in the opening shots of the trailer, by using specific shot scales, (types of) settings and (non-)human represented participants. To capture the verbal dynamics of trailer cohesion, the study explores the key semantic domains to which all lexical expressions in the trailer dialogues can be linked ( Rayson et al., 2004 ). Results of this study confirm that both visual and verbal elements form recurring genre-specific patterns. They unleash their multimodal potential of film trailers by tapping into the previous (genre) knowledge of trailer audiences, facilitating the cognitive uptake of audiovisual information for the audience as the trailer unfolds.
One-Stage Repair of Extensive Chronic Thoracic Aortic Dissection

Objective: The goal of this chapter is to present the technique and the results associated with the 1-stage open surgical repair (via bilateral anterior thoracotomy) for patients with extensive chronic thoracic aortic dissection.
10 Glucose regulation of HXT gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Glucose, the most preferred carbon source, also functions as a signaling molecule by stimulating the expression of metabolic genes in eukaryotes. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, transcription of metabolic genes such as those encoding glucose transporters, glycolytic and ribosomal enzymes are induced in the presence of extracellular glucose. Induction of these genes by glucose enables its efficient utilization by the cell. This review will mainly focus on the regulation of hexose transporter (HXT) gene expression by glucose. Glucose transport is the first and rate-limiting step in the metabolism of glucose and the HXT genes that are upregulated by glucose encode glucose transporters.
Utilization of a Monoclonal Antibody to Study in Vitro Phosphorylation of a Low Km Phosphodiesterase

The study of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in tissues is complicated by the presence of isozymes that differ in terms of selective substrate specificity, substrate affinity, and regulatory and physical properties (for review see Beavo et al., 1982 or Wells and Hardman, 1977). Because the phosphodiesterase isozymes are trace cellular proteins which require several thousand-fold purification to apparent homogeneity, the isolation of these isozymes is very difficult. Isozyme specific probes are needed to study the enzymes in crude systems.
Digital tuning of analog bandpass filters based on envelope detection

A digital automatic tuning technique for analog high-Q bandpass filters is proposed. The technique is based on envelope detection and magnitude comparison at three reference frequencies. The digital approach provides reliability with more robust control of frequency and Q tuning by enabling only one loop at a time. Accurate tuning is achieved since the scheme does not assume a direct relation between the passband gain and Q factor of filter.
Demand Side Change, Rurality, and Gender in the United States Veterinarian Market, 1990–2010

Little is known about how animal input sectors have been impacted by far-reaching changes in global animal agriculture over recent decades. This paper explores the forces determining U.S. veterinarian practice location and how location choices have evolved over the past two decades. We provide a theoretical model of veterinarian market supply and demand with particular emphasis on rurality, gender, and demand side change. We also estimate bivariate Tobit models of location choice for 1990, 2000, and 2010. Results suggest that female veterinarians are less responsive to the presence of food animals than their male counterparts. For both genders, veterinarians are more responsive to animals of higher value. Using animal caretakers as a proxy for companion animals, we find that female veterinarians have become more responsive to this indicator over the 20 years. All else equal, female and male veterinarians tend not to locate in rural areas. Aversion to rural areas has remained fixed over time among males but has strengthened among females. [EconLit citations: J16, J43, Q13].
Multiparty File Transfer over the Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II)

Communication in many application areas, such as cooperative applications, kiosking systems, and software update systems, includes multiparty file transfer between one origin and a group of targets. The paper describes the Multiparty File Transfer Protocol (Multiparty FTP) which supports multiparty file transfer in internets. It provides a group abstraction, realizing transparency from the address, from individual responses, and from failures of single targets involved in the transfer. To optimize its performance, Multiparty FTP has been realized on top of the Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II), which provides a connection-oriented multicast service and therefore contributes to an increased throughput and a reduced network load. Multiparty FTP applies a highly efficient selective repeat retransmission protocol, which is tailored to the characteristics of multiparty file transfer and which takes advantage of the guaranteed data rates in ST-II. Protocol design rationals are discussed and results of performance measurements are presented.
Charles Adams and the Controversy over Use of the Woman’s College Library in Segregated North Carolina

On November 13, 1950, Edward Kidder Graham Jr., the recently installed chancellor at the Woman’s College of the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro), wrote a letter to his administrative counterparts at Bennett College and North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College, both African American institutions of higher learning also in Greensboro. In the letter, he issued an open invitation for these leaders as well as other faculty members and student body representatives to attend the upcoming Harriet Elliott Social Science Forum titled “Public Opinion in a Democracy.” Graham stated that “the round table sessions on Friday afternoon are for faculty and student representatives of participating institutions, and all seats are open to all delegates at these round table sessions. On the other hand for the general meetings in Aycock Auditorium at public events, and in accordance with the policy of the Consolidated University, we shall have to ask those of our guests who are Negroes to sit in a section reserved for them.”1
Barium Strontium Titanate Glass Ceramics for High Energy Density Capacitors

Barium titanate was studied in 2003 as a potential ferroelectric glass-ceramic for high energy density dielectric materials. The dielectric constant of these heat-treated samples was up to 300 and the dielectric breakdown strength up to 800 kV/cm. In this study a new ferroelectric phase barium strontium titanate (BST) was introduced due to the potentially greater energy density and to the stability at higher field strengths. This paper will present the benefits and complications of this substitution, while highlighting the dielectric properties that result. In this case the dielectric constant reached 1000 for BST 80/20 and breakdown strength was as high as 800 kV/cm for BST 50/50. This did not result in exceptional energy density (∼ 0.70 J/cc), but the existence of dendrites and pores means that more optimization is needed.
ECO: Efficient Collective Operations for communication on heterogeneous networks

PVM and other distributed computing systems have enabled the use of networks of workstations for parallel computation, but their approach of treating all networks as collections of point-to-point connections does not promote efficient communication-particularly collective communication. The Efficient Collective Operations (ECO) package contains programs which solve this problem by analyzing the network and establishing efficient communication patterns. This paper describes ECO and gives performance results of using ECO to implement the collective communication in CHARMM, a widely used macromolecular dynamics package. ECO substantially improves the performance of CHARMM on a heterogeneous network. ECO's approach gives a programmer the ability to use the available networks to their full potential without acquiring any knowledge of the network structure.
Models of Massive Parallelism: Analysis of Cellular Automata and Neural Networks

This textbook provides an introduction to the fundamental models of massively parallel computation, the most important technique for high-performance computing. It presents a coherent exposition of analytic methods and results for the exploration and understanding of cellular automata and discrete neural networks as computational and dynamical systems. The book will be useful also as a reference manual to the scattered literature in the field. Each chapter includes a separate bibliography, as well as pointers to historically relevant papers, and gives exercise problems for the reader.
Paul, Josephus, and the Judean Nationalistic and Imperialistic Policy of Forced Circumcision

This paper analyzes the background for the Judean nationalistic and imperialistic policy of forced circumcision as it developed through the Hasmonean period, and then how this policy should be taken into account when examining the issue of circumcision in the works of Paul, especially the Letter to the Galatians, and also in Josephus’ writings. Both of these first-century Jews rejected forced circumcision of Gentiles when creating and maintaining their own communities, and I argue that it is essential to view their respective choices as a direct response to the remembered history of the Judean policy of forced circumcision. Previous scholarship on this issue has focused mainly on the question of conversion and has not made a direct connection between Paul, Josephus, and the Judean policy of forced circumcision.
Giant magnetoresistance at low fields in discontinuous NiFe-Ag multilayer thin films

A series of sputtered multilayers of Ni80Fe20-Ag was prepared to examine the giant magnetoresistance effect before and after annealing. For a wide range of NiFe and Ag thicknesses, no giant magnetoresistance was observed in the unannealed films. After annealing, a large, negative magnetoresistance was observed of order 4 to 6% in applied fields of order 5 to 10 oersteds at room temperature. The appearance of giant managetoresistance is concurrent with the breakup of the NiFe layers, which is attributable to a magnetostatic interaction that favors local antiparallel alignment of the moments in adjacent layers. These structures may be of significant practical importance as sensors that require large changes in resistance at low fields, such as magnetoresistive heads used in magnetic recording systems.
Differences and delay in the decision to seek induced abortion among black and white women

Delay deciding to abort and, consequently, increased risk of complication and death occurs significantly more often in black versus white women. This study is of 113 black and 179 white women aborted at Yale-New Haven Hospital and compares their decision to seek abortion, particularly differences in delay. Delay seeing a physician, deciding to abort, and suspecting pregnancy were, in rank order, the three most important stages of delay in both racial groups. Locating the abortion facility had minimal effect on overall delay. Black women were significantly later in gestation at abortion than white women (12.3 vs. 10.6 mean weeks respectively), delayed longer at each stage of the decision and were significantly longer suspecting pregnancy (5.4 vs. 3.9 mean weeks respectively). Later gestation at abortion among black women was independent of their significantly lower economic status and greater instability of parental and own family. Relative previous inexperience with the health care system and less support for the decision to abort from the respondent's mother and partner arose consistently as themes for interpreting the correlates of greater delay among black women at all stages of the decision process. Causal modeling summarized the analyses of the overall decision to abort and explained 29.4% and 43.8 % of the variance in weeks gestation at abortion of the black and white women in the sample respectively.
Restricted invariance of the Navier-Stokes equation

It is well known that the classical Navier-Stokes equation for three-dimensional incompressible viscous flow is invariant under Galilean transformations. In the present paper, it is shown that, although the general invariance group is no larger than Galilean-scale dilitation, the Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible viscous flow admits time-dependent rotational invariance for solutions of special types.
Cloud-Based Handoff as a Service for Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks with OpenFlow

This paper proposes a cloud-based architecture for enhancing the performance and capacity of vehicular networks of potentially multiple different wireless technologies. The approach addresses the well-known limitations of today's vehicle-initiated as well as base station-assisted handoff solutions; the former is reactive, therefore slow and inefficient, while the latter is mostly limited to within networks of a single technology. The handoff-as-a-service (HaaS) architecture leverages a cloud system's abundant computing and data storage resources to establish a database of key network properties and configuration options. By abstracting different networks' characteristics into a common set of descriptors, the database can aggregate and share properties of networks of different technologies. Leveraging network awareness of a wider scope, the HaaS service can further analyze optimal network configurations considering global efficiency and individual client requirements. The HaaS service in the computing cloud computes optimal handoff strategies on behalf of the vehicles, and OpenFlow is used to control both the vehicle and infrastructure side network interfaces seamlessly across multiple interfaces of different wireless technologies. This paper presents the proposed system architecture, its key components, and how they can be experimentally studied over National Science Foundation's Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) testbed. Experiment results on PC Engine device show the feasibility and advantage of the proposed handoff solution.
Involving providers and patients in cancer control and prevention efforts : barriers to overcome

Although progress has been made in providing cancer prevention and control services to the population, there remain sizeable segments of the population that are either uninvolved or underinvolved with national and state efforts. One method of reaching most of the population, including those segments currently not involved or underinvolved, is through primary care clinicians. Effective, albeit imperfect, strategies to increase the involvement of primary care clinicians in cancer prevention and control are available, and there is emerging evidence that these strategies are making a difference. Unfortunately, the progress made to date is at risk of being lost because of economic barriers that can be expected to reduce the likelihood of persons, especially low-income and minority persons, having regular access to cancer prevention and control services through their primary care clinicians
Pre-processing and post-processing in group–cluster mergers

Galaxies in clusters are more likely to be of early type and to have lower star formation rates than galaxies in the field. Recent observations and simulations suggest that cluster galaxies may be `pre-processed' by group or filament environments and that galaxies that fall into a cluster as part of a larger group can stay coherent within the cluster for up to one orbital period (`post-processing'). We investigate these ideas by means of a cosmological $N$-body simulation and idealized $N$-body plus hydrodynamics simulations of a group-cluster merger. We find that group environments can contribute significantly to galaxy pre-processing by means of enhanced galaxy-galaxy merger rates, removal of galaxies' hot halo gas by ram pressure stripping, and tidal truncation of their galaxies. Tidal distortion of the group during infall does not contribute to pre-processing. Post-processing is also shown to be effective: galaxy-galaxy collisions are enhanced during a group's pericentric passage within a cluster, the merger shock enhances the ram pressure on group and cluster galaxies, and an increase in local density during the merger leads to greater galactic tidal truncation.
Two new species and a new combination in Frantzia (Cucurbitaceae)

The monotypic genusPolakowskia is reduced to a section ofFrantzia. Two new species from Costa Rica,F. villosa andF. talamancensis, are described. The new nomenclatural combination,F. tacaco (Pittier) Wunderlin, is proposed.
Recursive total least squares algorithms for adaptive filtering

An algorithm for efficiently computing the eigenvector associated with the minimum eigenvalue of a correlation matrix is designed. This algorithm can be used to compute the total least squares (TLS) solution to the linear regression problem which yields unbiased equation-error infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive filters. The algorithm utilizes a two-channel fast Kalman filter and requires only inner products involving L*1 vectors where L is one greater than the total number of filter coefficients. The TLS solution also results in unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filters when the filter input is distributed by additive noise, a condition which is usually ignored but may often occur in practice. >