cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk factors affecting operative approach, conversion, and morbidity for adrenalectomy: a single-institution series of 402 patients.

Risk factors for selecting patients for open adrenalectomy (OA) and for conversion are limited in most series. This study aimed to investigate variables that are important in selecting patients for OA, predict risk of conversion from laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA), and impact 30-day outcomes of OA and LA. A retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data was conducted. Patients (≥16 years old) who underwent adrenalectomy in the Division of General Surgery at Barnes-Jewish Hospital (1993–2010) were grouped by operative approach (LA vs. OA) and compared using nonparametric tests and regression analyses (α 8 cm) and need for concomitant procedures (p 6 cm), an open operation, conversion, concomitant procedures, operative time >180 min, and EBL >200 mL were predictors of 30-day morbidity. Adrenal tumor size and need for concurrent procedures significantly impact the selection of patients for OA, the likelihood of conversion, and perioperative morbidity. These metrics should be considered when assessing operative approach and risks for adrenalectomy.
Brief chemotherapy, involved field radiation therapy, and central nervous system prophylaxis for paranasal sinus lymphoma.

Lymphoma of the paranasal sinus is a rare tumor characterized by bulky local disease, early systemic dissemination, and a propensity for central nervous system (CNS) spread. Treatment with radiation alone generally has been disappointing. Based on previous encouraging reports of initial brief chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) for localized large cell lymphoma, four consecutive patients with paranasal sinus lymphoma were treated with 6 weeks of chemotherapy followed by IFRT and CNS prophylaxis. All patients had bulky localized disease and diffuse large cell lymphoma. Complete response was seen in all patients, and none have had a relapse (minimum follow-up, 25 months: range, 25 to 32 months). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were well tolerated. One patient developed an osteogenic sarcoma in the radiation field 32 months after completion of therapy. Administration of early frequent chemotherapy followed by IFRT and CNS prophylaxis appears to be an effective treatment strategy for patients with localized large cell lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses.
Planning for fixed prosthesis

Abstract The use of diagnostic casts is expanded to include prewaxing in the plan of treatment. In the course of wax addition, the entire occlusion is analyzed; the cast is cut down where deflective or interceptive occlusal contacts exist, and wax is added where deficiencies exist. 1. The procedure will make better restorations possible, because the preparations will be executed better when well planned. The tooth structure is prepared where needed and conserved where possible. 2. The procedure will make better use of chair time. Adequately planned restorations proceed more quickly. 3. Dentist-technician coordination and cooperation are improved because of better understanding of the problems. 4. Patient education is improved. 5. Oral rehabilitation may be accomplished in quadrants or small units without sacrificing a total approach to occlusion.
Alternative Pathways of Neural Control of the Immune Process

Less well established alternative neuromodulatory pathways are neuropeptide-mediated axon reflexes of sensory neurons, gut immunotrafficing, gut transmucosal transport of endogenous bacterial toxin, and the direct secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines by the brain. TNF-alpha and IL-1ra enter peripheral blood after their intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. Closed head injury or stroke increases blood IL-6 and the acute phase response; neuroblastomas immunosuppress by secreting TGF-beta. The IL-6 that appears in the blood after i.c.v. IL-1 in the rat is partly derived by secretion from the brain into the superior sagital sinus (Romero et al.; 1996. Am. J. Physiol. 270: R518) and is not dependent on peripheral sympathetic activation. Central endothelium and choroid plexus are potential sources of sagital sinus IL-6. TNF-alpha, which appears in blood after i.c.v. LPS, but not IL-1 beta, is due largely to toxin leaving the brain compartment and activating peripheral immunoreactive tissues. Antigens and cytokine immunoregulators drain into cervical lymph. Changes in glial milieu induced by intrinsic neuronal activity could by secretion from brain to blood modulate peripheral immunoreactivity.
Long-distance final-state interactions and j/psi decay

To understand the short- versus long-distance final-state interactions, we have performed a detailed amplitude analysis for the two-body decay J/{psi}{r_arrow}1{sup {minus}}0{sup {minus}}. The current data favor a large relative phase nearly 90{degree} between the three-gluon and the one-photon decay amplitudes. The source of the phase is apparently the long-distance final-state interaction. Nothing anomalous is found in the magnitudes of the three-gluon and one-photon decay amplitudes. We discuss the implications of this large phase in the weak decay of heavy particles. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Rostral hypothalamic microinfusions of 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine produce anatomically and neurochemically selective depletions of hippocampal serotonin and increase the influence of estrogen and food deprivation on locomotor activity

Ovariectomized Long-Evans rats received bilateral rostral hypothalamic infusions of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Neurochemical determination of catecholamines (CA) and indoleamines in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and mesencephalon revealed that 5,7-DHT infusions had no effect on CA content in these areas nor in mesencephalic serotonin or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). However, the neurotoxin produced significant decreases in hippocampal serotonin and 5-HIAA. Serotonin-depleted animals exhibited an increase in both spontaneous and estradiol-induced wheel running. In addition it was found that serotonin-depleted animals exhibit an enhanced activity response to starvation. Because estrogen is thought to decrease serotonergic transmission, the enhanced activity response to estrogen may be secondary to an estrogen-related exaggeration of the 5,7-DHT-induced serotonin depletion. The increased activity effect of starvation may indicate that serotonin-depleted animals do not effectively mobilize energy stored as lipid.
Fixation of lead in contaminated soils by co‐agglomeration with metal binding agents*

Abstract Adsorption of lead from an aqueous solution by both agricultural peat moss and soil has been measured. The results may be described by a Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption isotherms fitted the “H”; type described in the Giles classification. Saturation adsorption was reached at equilibrium lead concentrations > 3000 mg/L for peat, compared with ∼ 250 mg/L for soil. Calculation of the isotherm parameters showed the maximum lead adsorption to be 150 mg lead/g of peat. This compared with only 12.64 mg/g of lead for soil alone. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the lead binding capacity of peat in a spiked soil sample. Results from leaching tests (Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP, at pH 2.9) on soil‐peat mixtures confirmed the excellent metal binding capacity of peat in the samples tested. The amount of lead leached from a soil sample, spiked with 1840 mg/kg of water‐soluble lead, decreased with increasing amounts of peat loading. Total ...
Periodic thermal perturbation in a van der Waals fluid yield chaos: A Mel'nikov function approach

This report discusses the application of the Mel'nikov technique to prove the existence of deterministic chaos in two problems for a van der Waals fluid. The first problem shows that temporal chaos results from small time periodic fluctuations about a subcritical temperature when the fluid is initially quenched into the unstable spinoidal region. The second problem arises from small spatially periodic fluctuation in a tube of fluid if the ambient pressure is appropriately chosen. Complete results may be found in Slemrod & Marsden [1].
Evolving flexible joint morphologies

Transferring virtual robotic designs into physical robots has become possible with the development of 3D printers. Accurately simulating the performance of real robots in a virtual environment requires modeling a variety of conditions, including the physical composition of the robots themselves. In this paper, we investigate how modeling material flexibility through the use of a passive joint affects the resulting arm morphology and gait of a crawling virtual robot. Results indicate that flexibility can be a beneficial characteristic of robotic morphology design while also providing insight into the benefits of modeling material properties in a simulation environment.
Female rhesus sexual behavior and distance to a male partner: relation to stage of the menstrual cycle.

Female rhesus monkeys were observed in standardized mating tests during successive menstrual cycles as well as in tests while separated from, but in view of, their male partners. Under both conditions, behaviors of the female were noted which varied with the stages of the menstrual cycle. Some of the most prominent fluctuations occurred in measures of interindividual distance. In particular, time spent near the male peaked at the time most likely for ovulation. The pattern of changes in this behavioral index followed a course similar to that noted for male ejaculatory success and for hormone-dependent coloration of the females' sex skin. The frequency of particular female solicit actions was also maximal during the periovulatory portion of the cycle. Female presents, a behavior often used by others as an indicator of female sexual motivation, did not show corresponding changes under either test condition.
Problems confronting the berlin administrative area

Greatr Berlin, formed by the union of 94 municipalities, faces greater responsibilites than evr troubled Old Berlin.
Spectrum of amyloid β-protein immunoreactivity in hereditary Alzheimer disease with a guanine to thymine missence change at position 1924 of the APP gene

We studied neuropathologically 3 patients of a previously unreported kindred of presenile Alzheimer disease (AD), characterized by a G to T mutation at base pair 1924 (695 transcript) of the amyloid precursor protein gene. Classic features of presenile AD are observed. Neurofibrillary tangles with paired helical filaments as well as neuritic plaques are found in large number in neocortex and hippocampus. beta-Protein deposits in meningeal and parenchymal vessels are present, but not severe. Prominent subpial ribbon-like deposits are detected with antibodies to a 28-residue synthetic peptide; however, only occasionally can they be seen in thioflavin S treated sections. Along with a mild involvement of vessels, as demonstrated by beta-protein immunolabeling, parenchymal involvement is also seen in the cerebellar molecular layer. In the course of the study, we have not detected neuropathologic changes, which are mutation specific. Further investigations of familial Alzheimer disease with known genetic mutations will clarify whether correlations exist between specific mutations and neuropathologic phenotypes.
STEAM: A Smart Temperature and Energy Aware Multicore Controller

Recent empirical studies have shown that multicore scaling is fast becoming power limited, and consequently, an increasing fraction of a multicore processor has to be under clocked or powered off. Therefore, in addition to fundamental innovations in architecture, compilers and parallelization of application programs, there is a need to develop practical and effective dynamic energy management (DEM) techniques for multicore processors.Existing DEM techniques mainly target reducing processor power consumption and temperature, and only few of them have addressed improving energy efficiency for multicore systems. With energy efficiency taking a center stage in all aspects of computing, the focus of the DEM needs to be on finding practical methods to maximize processor efficiency. Towards this, this article presents STEAM -- an optimal closed-loop DEM controller designed for multicore processors. The objective is to maximize energy efficiency by dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). Energy efficiency is defined as the ratio of performance to power consumption or performance-per-watt (PPW). This is the same as the number of instructions executed per Joule. The PPW metric is actually replaced by PαPW (performanceα-per-Watt), which allows for controlling the importance of performance versus power consumption by varying α.The proposed controller was implemented on a Linux system and tested with the Intel Sandy Bridge processor. There are three power management schemes called governors, available with Intel platforms. They are referred to as (1) Powersave (lowest power consumption), (2) Performance (achieves highest performance), and (3) Ondemand. Our simple and lightweight controller when executing SPEC CPU2006, PARSEC, and MiBench benchmarks have achieved an average of 18p improvement in energy efficiency (MIPS/Watt) over these ACPI policies. Moreover, STEAM also demonstrated an excellent prediction of core temperatures and power consumption, and the ability to control the core temperatures within 3ˆC of the specified maximum. Finally, the overhead of the STEAM implementation (in terms of CPU resources) is less than 0.25p. The entire implementation is self-contained and can be installed on any processor with very little prior knowledge of the processor.
Variations in adults' subjective ages in relation to birthday nearness, age awareness, and attitudes toward aging

This research examined the extent to which variations in adults' subjective age identities were related to information provided by proximal age markers, which are specific age-symbolic experiences presumed to channel shifts in age identities. To this end, adults' psychological, physical, and social subjective age identities were examined in relation to the nearness of their birthdays. In the absence of proximal age information, younger and older adults showed distinctive age-related changes in subjective age. On the other hand, older men's and women's social subjective ages as well as older women's psychological subjective age were less youthful the nearer their birthdays. However, younger adults' age identities did not vary with the closeness of their birthdays. Several gender differences in addition to the moderating effects of adults' awareness of their age and their attitudes toward aging were also observed.
The transfer protocols

There are many Internet-scale messaging systems: Telnet for duplex byte streams, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for pulling files, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for reliable e-mail messaging, Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) for pushing e-mail, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for pulling Web pages, and a host of other special-purpose schemes, from Finger to Network File System (NFS). How can we make sense of it all? Understanding the history of these transfer protocols (TPs) is the key to charting their future, especially as new contenders like HTTP-NG (next-generation) emerge. In this article, I set forth a general ontology-a vocabulary for describing and classifying TPs, with the aim of developing a framework to help navigate among the alternatives.
Life history characteristics of Orius insidiosus (Say) fed Aphis glycines Matsumura

Abstract The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a new invasive pest of soybeans throughout most of the soybean production areas of North America. Field studies have demonstrated that the indigenous predator, Orius insidiosus (Say), is an important natural enemy of the soybean aphid early the soybean crop season. Because soybean aphid is newly introduced into North America, the life history characteristics of predators fed this aphid are not known. In laboratory assays, we measured the survival, development, longevity and reproduction of O. insidiosus fed 1, 3, 6 or 12 seconds to third instars of soybean aphid. O. insidiosus nymphal development decreased from 34.0 to 21.4 days as the number of soybean aphid nymphs provided increased from 1 to 6 aphid nymphs daily. Stage-specific mortality was highest at 68% for first instar O. insidiosus nymphs fed 1 soybean aphid nymph per day. Adult longevity (43.9 days) and fecundity (49.7 eggs per female) was highest for O. insidiosus fed 6 soybean aphid nymphs daily, but longevity (23.5 days) and fecundity (10.1 eggs per female) declined for adults fed 1 soybean aphid nymph daily. The intrinsic rate of increase of O. insidiosus ranged from 0.048 to 0.133. Compared to other prey species, soybean aphid is an adequate prey item for O. insidiosus . Our results suggest that O. insidiosus will be most effective in suppressing soybean aphid population growth in the initial phase of the aphid’s colonization of soybeans.
NH3 and propionate modulate the morphological response of aggregation‐competent Dictyostelium discoideum to cAMP

Two metabolites, NH3 and propionic acid, are known to act as morphogens during the development of Dictyostelium discoideum, specifically altering the course of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. They have also been shown to modulate the cAMP relay in this organism: NH3 by restricting intracellular accumulation, and propionate by inhibiting extracellular release. In the present study, we utilized the light-scattering properties of aggregation-competent cells in agitated suspension to demonstrate that the morphological responses of such cells to exogenous cAMP are also modulated by NH3 and propionate in a manner that has interesting implications for the overall control of morphogenetic movements in D. discoideum. Our experiments were conducted using a newly designed continuous-flow apparatus that represents a significant improvement in the technique. The apparatus is described in detail.
Stationary-state distributions in membrane channels. I. Conservative flux systems.

Abstract The population distribution of cations at binding sites in membrane channels is determined for stationary states characterized by a net ion flux. For conservative systems, the net flux conserves the total intrachannel cation population for an ensemble of channels. The requisite matrix formalism is developed and illustrated for some homogeneous channels with N single-ion occupancy states with chemical and electrochemical transmembrane gradients. The lowest eigenvalue approximation, which is used effectively for systems with no net cation flux, is applied to these stationary-state systems for comparison with the exact solutions. The stationary states are characterized by special thermodynamic functions for entropy, internal energy, and free energy defined by using information theory. The changes in these parameters for the transition from the equilibrium to the stationary state depend on the ratio of the next flux to the transition velocity for nearest-neighbor transitions within the channel. The free energy changes with the square of this ratio while the internal energy changes linearly.
Sensitivity of outgoing longwave radiative flux to the global vertical distribution of ozone characterized by instantaneous radiative kernels from Aura-TES

[1] We calculate the sensitivity of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) to the global vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone using ozone profile estimates from Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (Aura-TES) along with the partial derivatives of spectral radiance with respect to ozone from the Aura-TES operational retrieval algorithm. Accounting for anisotropy, we calculate top of atmosphere instantaneous radiative kernels (IRKs), in W/m2/ppb, for infrared ozone absorption from 985 to 1080 cm−1. Zonal mean distributions for August 2006 show significant variations in the IRK between clear and cloudy sky, ocean and land, and day and night over land. For all sky (clear and cloudy conditions), OLR is significantly less sensitive to ozone in the middle and lower troposphere due to clouds, especially in the tropics. We also compute the longwave radiative effect (LWRE), i.e., the reduction in OLR due to absorption by tropospheric ozone, and find a global average LWRE of 0.33 ± 0.02−0.007+0.018 W/m2 (with uncertainty and bias) for tropospheric ozone with significant variability (σ = 0.23W/m2) under all sky conditions for August 2006. For clear sky, tropical conditions we examine the effect of water vapor in reducing the LWRE from tropospheric ozone.
Two-Photon Absorbing Nanocrystal Sensors for Ratiometric Detection of Oxygen

Two nanocrystal-osmium(II) polypyridyl (NC-Os(II)PP) conjugates have been designed to detect oxygen in biological environments. Polypyridines appended with a single free amine were linked with facility to a carboxylic acid functionality of a semiconductor NC overlayer to afford a biologically stable amide bond. The Os(II)PP complexes possess broad absorptions that extend into the red spectral region; this absorption feature makes them desirable acceptors of energy from NC donors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the NC to the Os(II)PP causes an enhanced Os(II)PP emission with a concomitant quenching of the NC emission. Owing to the large two-photon absorption cross-section of the NCs, FRET from the NC to the Os(II)PP can be established under two-photon excitation conditions. In this way, two-photon processes of metal polypyridyl complexes can be exploited for sensing. The emission of the NC is insensitive to oxygen, even at 1 atm, whereas excited states of both osmium complexes are quenc...
Managing lupus nephritis: algorithms for conservative use of renal biopsy

SUMMARY Despite the widespread use of renal biopsy to guide the treatment of lupus nephritis, the disease can usually be diagnosed and managed on the basis of its clinical presentation alone. We propose a conservative approach in which biopsy is used selectively and present three algorithms that allow for a simplified initial approach to managing lupus nephritis.
LIGHT AND HORMONAL CONTROL OF ROOT FORMATION IN ZEA MAYS CALLUS CULTURES

Callus cultures of Zea mays were used to study the interaction of light with exogenous cytokinin/auxin levels in the initiation, growth and development of roots. Three auxins, indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) were remarkably different in their effects on callus growth and root initiation. NAA at concentrations of 5 and 25 μM produced the highest combined yields of callus and roots under low light conditions. No significant morphological effects on roots were observed with the three auxins tested nor did low and intermediate light intensities alter root development. At intermediate light levels the addition of the cytokinin, zeatin, was also able to influence the differentiation of the callus tissue. Increasing the cytokinin/auxin ratio from low to high shifted the development from callus growth to abundant root formation. High light caused the formation of short, thick roots. This effect could be counteracted in part by zeatin which promoted elongation. These observations suggest that both, the cytokinin/auxin ratio and light play an important role in the development of monocotyledonous roots.
EFFECTS OF TEXT MESSAGED SELF-MONITORING ON CLASS ATTENDANCE AND PUNCTUALITY OF AT-RISK COLLEGE STUDENT ATHLETES

This study examined the effects of text messaging class arrival to an academic counselor on the attendance and punctuality of 4 college student athletes. Each participant had a history of class tardiness and was considered to be at risk for academic failure. Class attendance and punctuality improved for all participants.
Problems in measuring heart rate variability of patients with congestive heart failure.

Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) has become an important noninvasive measure of the integrity of the autonomic nervous system in various disease states. The power spectrum of HRV is a means to separate the instability oscillations of the various feedback mechanisms that contribute to cardiovascular homeostasis. The reliability of HRV data is largely unexplored. The day-to-day correlations in the low and mid-frequency components of HRV spectra average 91%, and that of the high-frequency component averages 81%. The correlations among spectral and nonspectral measures of HRV (SD) for the same data segment average 50–60%, suggesting that they encode similar information. Heart rate variability spectra exhibit diurnal variation consistent with physiologic expectation: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (thought to be mediated by parasympathetic tone) and to a lesser extent, the low-frequency spectral component (thought to be of mixed sympathetic-parasympathetic origin) are higher at night than in the daytime; the mid-frequency component (associated with the baroreflex, which is more excited when the patient is upright) is slightly higher during the daytime. Increased frequency of ectopic beats, such as occurs in congestive heart failure, reduces the reliability of the power spectrum since the number of usable data segments falls off rapidly with even small increases in rate of ectopy, and the variance of the estimate (in the method of averaged periodograms) is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of data segments. Using shorter data segments increases the number of segments available, but reduces resolution. Interpolation over ectopic beats (by either linear or cubic splint interpolation) increases the apparent power in low frequencies. Recommendations are made as to the design of HRV-based clinical and experimental protocols.
Seasonal and annual air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls across Baltimore Harbor and the northern Chesapeake Bay.

As part of the Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans Study (AEOLOS), air−water exchange fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined along a transect in the Baltimore Harbor from the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, MD, to the mainstem of the northern Chesapeake Bay to assess the overall contributions of urban source PCBs through air−water exchange and their impacts on coastal waters. Six sites were sampled during three intensive sampling periods in June 1996, February 1997, and July 1997 and at two sites (urban and rural) every ninth day between March 1997 and March 1998 to measure spatial and temporal variability in the PCB air−water exchange fluxes. During the intensive sampling campaigns, net total PCB (t-PCBs) volatilization fluxes ranged between 5 and 2120 ng m-2 day-1, varying on both temporal and spatial scales. Volatilization fluxes were highest in February, driven by high winds and elevated dissolved PCB concentrations. Throughout the annual sampling period, t-PCB volatilization flu...
Does Gender Influence Survival of Heart Transplant (HT) Recipients Bridged with LVAD Support

Purpose Gender differences in HT outcomes are well known. However, differences in those bridged with LVAD (BTT) have not been well studied. We sought to examine mortality differences in this population. Methods and Materials 3020 HT pts BTT (exclusions: Results Of 3020 pts, 18% were women. Ischemic (22 & 45%, men(M) & women(F) respectively) & dilated etiologies (69(M) & 49%(F)) were most prevalent. Women were younger & associated with lower BMI, less prior cardiac surgery & better renal function ( Table ). There was trend towards increased LVAD use in women (p=0.054). Survival (1, 3, 5y) was: F(86, 78, 70%) & M(88, 81, 74%)( Figure ). Unadjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 0.85(0.68-1.07,p=0.18). After adjustment: HR 0.86 (0.67-1.11,p Conclusions While prior studies have shown increased mortality in women with VADs, we demonstrate that women bridged to HT have similar survival to men post-HT. While there was a trend towards increased LVAD utilization in women, this was not statistically significant. These findings are surprising in light of the availability of the Heartmate II, which permit use in patients with lower BMI.
Fibrinogen adsorption and host tissue responses to plasma functionalized surfaces

The physical and chemical characteristics of material surfaces are thought to play important roles in biomaterial-mediated tissue responses. To understand the importance of discrete biomaterial chemical characteristics in modifying host tissue responses, we constructed surfaces bearing different functional groups using radio frequency glow discharge plasma polymerization. Surfaces evaluated included those having high concentrations of -OH, -NH2, -CF3, and siloxyl groups. These surfaces and polyethylene terephthalate controls were used to assess the importance of particular physicochemical characteristics in surface:protein:cell interactions both in vitro and in vivo. The results obtained show that surface functionalities do significantly affect both the adsorption and "denaturation" of adsorbed fibrinogen (which is an important mediator of inflammatory responses to biomaterial implants). In addition, these surfaces provoke different degrees of acute inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the amounts of "denatured" fibrinogen that spontaneously accumulate on the individual surfaces correlate closely with the extent of biomaterial-mediated inflammation. These results suggest that surfaces that tend to "irreversibly" bind fibrinogen prompt greater acute inflammatory responses. Unexpectedly, all test surfaces except those bearing a siloxyl group engender relatively similar biomaterial-mediated fibrotic responses. Thus surface functionalities alone may not be sufficient to affect subsequent fibrotic responses.
Relative Evaporative Losses and Water Balance in Subsurface Drip and Center Pivot–Irrigated Soybean Fields

AbstractThis research evaluated the relative evaporative losses and water balance components in two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and center pivot i...
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Spin Trapping of Inorganic Radicals by 5,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrroline N-Oxide (DMPO). 3. Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfite and Sulfate Radical Anions

Radical forms of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), sulfite (SO(3)(2-)), sulfate (SO(4)(2-)), and their conjugate acids are known to be generated in vivo through various chemical and biochemical pathways. Oxides of sulfur are environmentally pervasive compounds and are associated with a number of health problems. There is growing evidence that their toxicity may be mediated by their radical forms. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping using the commonly used spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), has been employed in the detection of SO(3)(•-) and SO(4)(•-). The thermochemistries of SO(2)(•-), SO(3)(•-), SO(4)(•-), and their respective conjugate acids addition to DMPO were predicted using density functional theory (DFT) at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G**//B3LYP/6-31G* level. No spin adduct was observed for SO(2)(•-) by EPR, but an S-centered adduct was observed for SO(3)(•-)and an O-centered adduct for SO(4)(•-). Determination of adducts as S- or O-centered was made via comparison based on qualitative trends of experimental hfcc's with theoretical values. The thermodynamics of the nonradical addition of SO(3)(2-) and HSO(3)(-) to DMPO followed by conversion to the corresponding radical adduct via the Forrester-Hepburn mechanism was also calculated. Adduct acidities and decomposition pathways were investigated as well, including an EPR experiment using H(2)(17)O to determine the site of hydrolysis of O-centered adducts. The mode of radical addition to DMPO is predicted to be governed by several factors, including spin population density, and geometries stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The thermodynamic data supports evidence for the radical addition pathway over the nucleophilic addition mechanism.
Determination of Spin and Decay Parameters of Fermion States

The decay process Y/sup */ yields Y + pi , where Y/sup */ has spin J and decays into a particle with spin 1/2 (Y) and one with spin zero ( pi ), is considered. It is shown how J and the amplitudes for the parity states 1 = J + 1/ 2 may be measured if the transverse and longitudinal polarizations of Y are appreciable. (auth)
Effects on shock-elicited aggression in mice of preferentially protecting brain monoamines against the depleting action of reserpine.

Drug regimes designed to preferentially prevent reserpine-induced depletion of elther catecholamines or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain were used to study shock-elicited aggression in mice. With a drug schedule known to maintain dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) at normal levels but producing a reduction in brain 5-HT, mice displayed an increase in fighting but no change in either locomotor activity or shock threshold. Animals treated with either reserpine or with a drug regimen producing normal levels of 5-HT but reduced DA and NA showed a decrease in aggression and motility but slightly elevated shock thresholds. In view of the motor impairment observed with the latter two regimens, it is suggested that, whereas catecholamines may play an important role in mediating the motor components of aggressive behavior, 5-HT may significantly contribute to the modulation of mood-dependent aspects.
Structural and vibrational properties of {N, N} pairs and {N, H} complexes in Si

First-principles molecular-dynamics simulations are used to predict the structures and binding energies of interstitial nitrogen ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{i}},$ substitutional nitrogen ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{s}},$ the ${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{i}}$-self-interstitial complex, the ${{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{i}},{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{i}}},$ ${{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{i}},{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{s}}}={{\mathrm{N}}_{2},\mathrm{V}},$ and ${{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{s}},{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{s}}}={{\mathrm{N}}_{2},{\mathrm{V}}_{2}}$ pairs (V is the vacancy). The interactions of N with H in Si are studied and the properties of several ${\mathrm{N},\mathrm{H}}$ complexes are predicted. The dynamical matrices yield many new local and pseudolocal vibrational modes associated with the impurities and their Si nearest neighbors. The unidentified ${\mathrm{N},\mathrm{H}}$-related infrared absorption line reported by Pajot et al. is assigned to the ${{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{s}},\mathrm{H}}$ complex.
Income distribution movements and aggregate money illusion

Abstract The behavior of aggregate demands in an economy is affected by how the distribution of income moves over time. Consider any economy of agents who don't suffer from money illusion, so agents' demand equations are homogeneous in income and prices. This paper describes a property of income distribution movements, called ‘mean scaling’, which is sufficient (and in a weak sense necessary) to make aggregate demands in the economy homogeneous. Mean scaling essentially requires that changes over time in standard income inequality measures (e.g., the coefficient of variation) be independent of changes in mean income over time. An implication is that aggregate demands will not be homogeneous if income redistribution policies are tied to absolute measures of income.
Thymic Emigration: When and How T Cells Leave Home

The thymus supports the differentiation of multiple distinct T cell subsets that play unique roles in the immune system. CD4 and CD8 alpha/beta T cells, gamma/delta T cells, NKT cells, regulatory T cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes all develop in the thymus and must leave it to provide their functions elsewhere in the body. This article will review recent research indicating differences in the time and migration patterns of T cell subsets found in the thymus. Additionally, we review current understanding of the molecules involved in thymocyte emigration, including the sphingolipid receptor S1P(1) and its regulation by the Kruppel-like transcription factor KLF2.
Tragedy at Virginia Tech: Trauma and Its Aftermath

While college campuses are relatively safe environments, the promise of safety and security on campus was shattered by a single gunman on April 16, 2007. Seung-Hui Cho, a senior at Virginia Tech, shot 49 students and faculty, killing 32, before killing himself. The authors are psychologists and directors of university counseling centers; they examine the many implications of this tragedy on mental health counseling. The assailant's significant psychological disturbances and previous contact with mental health professionals are critical to understanding how he was able to act out his murderous rage. The mental health response to a traumatized community of families, friends, colleagues, and peers is reviewed. Out of the tragedy, there have emerged many issues that challenge the role of counseling centers within the university including the development of threat assessment teams, the potential conflicts between client confidentiality and crisis prevention/management, and the on-going education for the univer...
EDCF-DM: a novel enhanced distributed coordination function for wireless ad hoc networks

A set of enhancements to the IEEE 802.11 standard, viz. the IEEE 802.11e have been proposed to meet the increasing demand for quality of service. The standard provides a means for service differentiation by using multiple traffic categories at each node, where each traffic category has its own individual parameters such as priority, inter-frame space and contention window size. After each successful transmission, the contention window size is decreased based on a static equation, which may result in poor channel utilization and a decrease on the system throughput. In this paper, we propose a new protocol, called enhanced distributed coordination function with dual-measurement (EDCF-DM), to address this issue. EDCF-DM is based on the idea of reducing the number of idle slots by dynamically varying the contention window size according to the current traffic state of the traffic categories at each node. Meanwhile, it carefully adapts the contention window size based on the network condition of the system to avoid incurring extra collisions. Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed protocol. Simulation results demonstrate that EDCF-DM provides a good service differentiation and outperforms the standard 802.11e in terms of channel utilization, throughput and packet delay.
Eye Fixation And Early Vision: Kinetic Depth

One aspect of primate intelligence is the ability to coordinate eye movements in the process of solving complex tasks. Primate eye movements have been studied in several disciplines but little work has been directed toward a computational theory that shows how the eye nouements can confer specific advantages in problem-solving behaviors, This paper outlines some of the elements of such a theory, emphasizing one point: the advantages of an active system in choosing an external frame of reference for the computations of early vision. These advantages are illustrated by the real-time computation of depth map with a monocular, fixating vision system.
Interplay between tetragonal magnetic order, stripe magnetism, and superconductivity in iron-based materials

Motivated by experiments in ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{K}}_{x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ [A. E. B\"ohmer et al., arXiv:1412.7038], we analyze the type of spin-density wave (SDW) order in doped iron-pnictides and the discontinuities of the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ in the coexistence phase with SDW magnetism. We find a sequence of transitions, upon lowering the temperature, from the stripe-orthorhombic $({C}_{2})$ SDW order to the tetragonal $({C}_{4})$ order and then back to the ${C}_{2}$ order. We argue that ${T}_{c}$ has two discontinuities---it jumps to a smaller value upon entering the coexistence region with the ${C}_{4}$ magnetic phase, and then jumps to a larger value inside the SDW state when it crosses the boundary between the ${C}_{4}$ and ${C}_{2}$ SDW orders. We argue that the agreement with the experimental phase diagram provides a strong indication that the itinerant approach is adequate for weakly/moderately doped iron pnictides.
Global analysis of proliferation and cell cycle gene expression in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fates

Knowledge of the molecular networks controlling the proliferation and fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is essential to understand their function in maintaining blood cell production during normal hematopoiesis and upon clinical transplantation. Using highly purified stem and progenitor cell populations, we define the proliferation index and status of the cell cycle machinery at discrete stages of hematopoietic differentiation and during cytokine-mediated HSC mobilization. We identify distinct sets of cell cycle proteins that specifically associate with differentiation, self-renewal, and maintenance of quiescence in HSC and progenitor cells. Moreover, we describe a striking inequality of function among in vivo cycling and quiescent HSC by demonstrating that their long-term engraftment potential resides predominantly in the G(0) fraction. These data provide a direct link between HSC proliferation and function and identify discrete molecular targets in regulating HSC cell fate decisions that could have implications for both the therapeutic use of HSC and the understanding of leukemic transformation.
Is there implicit memory without attention? A reexamination of task demands in Eich’s (1984) procedure

The relation between memory and attention has been of long-standing interest. Eich (1984) made an important discovery of implicit but not explicit memory for contextually determined homophones (e.g., taxi-FARE) presented in a channel to be ignored within a selective listening procedure. However, his slow rate of presentation of shadowing task materials may have allowed frequent attention shifts to the allegedly ignored channel. With a direct replication of Eich’s timing parameters, we reproduced his results, but when the attended channel was presented twice as fast as Eich’s, implicit memory for the to-be-ignored words vanished. Our results contradict claims of extensive semantic processing of unattended auditory information in this task.
Pocket Pavilion: a synchronous collaborative browsing application for wireless handheld computers

This paper describes Pocket Pavilion, a Web-based application that extends collaborative browsing to wireless handheld computing platforms running Windows CE. Pocket Pavilion is built atop Pavilion, an object-oriented middleware framework for synchronous Web-based applications. In order to accommodate several limitations of the Windows CE environment, Pocket Pavilion combines a small number of new software components with existing Pavilion components. The architecture and operation of Pocket Pavilion are described, followed by results of experiments conducted on a mobile computing testbed.
Liver and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Obtained at Autopsy Are Postmortem Markers for Premortem Ethanol Intake

Background: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that have been implicated as mediators of alcohol-induced organ damage. FAEEs are detectable in the blood after ethanol ingestion, and on that basis have been proposed as markers of ethanol intake. Because blood is not always available at autopsy, in this study we quantified FAEEs in human liver and adipose tissue as potential postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake. Methods: Twenty-four sets of samples were collected at the Massachusetts State Medical Examiner’s Office, and 7 sets of samples were obtained from the Pathology Department of Massachusetts General Hospital. Samples of liver and adipose tissue were collected at autopsy, and FAEEs were isolated and quantified from these organs as mass per gram of wet weight. Postmortem analysis of blood involved assessment for ethanol and other drugs. Results: The study shows a substantial difference in FAEE concentrations in liver and adipose tissue of patients with detectable blood ethanol at the time of autopsy vs those with no detectable blood ethanol, who were either chronic alcoholics or social drinkers. In addition, a specific FAEE, ethyl arachidonate, was found at concentrations >200 pmol/g almost exclusively in the liver and adipose tissue of individuals with detectable blood ethanol at the time of death, providing an additional FAEE-related marker for prior ethanol intake. Conclusions: The mass of FAEEs in liver and adipose tissue and the presence of ethyl arachidonate can serve as postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake when no blood sample can be obtained.
Social Reasoning in IJO Children and Adolescents in Nigerian Communities

The study examined moral judgments and concepts of social convention in Ijo communities located in the Niger Delta areas of Southern Nigeria. The main data analyses were based on responses from 46 subjects divided into three age groups: 8-11 years, 12-14 years, and 15-18 years (preliminary data were also obtained in a small village). Assessments were made of judgments about examples of a moral transgression and a breach of social convention. The examples used were based on pretesting for issues relevant to the community. With regard to each type of issue, subjects were asked to evaluate transgressions, provide explanations for their evaluations, and the extent to which punishment should be administered to the transgressors. Subjects were also posed with questions pertaining to the origins and alterability of rules, and authority jurisdiction over the rules. The findings showed differences in subjects' conceptual orientations to moral and conventional issues. Age differences were also found, mainly between...
Modeling and analysis of non-rectangular transistors caused by lithographic distortions

Sub-wavelength lithography causes the shape of transistors to differ from idealized rectangles. Several researchers have proposed transistor simulation models to characterize the non-ideal shapes of transistors for various regions of transistor operation. It has been shown that the effective channel length of a non-rectangular gate (NRG) transistor may be different for ON and OFF currents. In this paper we present a composite post-litho non-rectangular transistor model that not only accounts for DC behavior of a transistor, but also accounts for parasitic capacitances across a range of voltages. Parameters of this model can be fitted to real silicon data. The proposed model has been validated by TCAD device simulations. Results show that a composite model that accounts for both DC currents and parasitic capacitances is no more complex than models optimized for DC currents only. Further, the proposed model integrates readily with available SPICE simulators. We have also presented cell library characterization data to illustrate the benefit of using a delay accurate transistor model.
Information Regarding Social‐Sexual Behavior as an Antecedent to Perceptions of Ineffectiveness in the Workplace

Three experimental studies investigated whether information implying social-sexual behavior (any non-work-related behavior containing a sexual component) by employees would influence judgments of their effectiveness. In managerial and entry-level positions, both male and female employees depicted as engaging in social-sexual behaviors at work were perceived as less effective and less desirable as bosses, compared to identically described managers for whom no social-sexual behavior information was provided. However, these negative evaluations were mitigated when information was provided indicating that these managers were always on-task and effectively using their time at work (Study 3), suggesting that the effectiveness of employees who engage in social-sexual behavior at work is devalued because others believe that these behaviors detract from productive time in the office. © 2008 Copyright the Authors.