cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metabolic demands of driving for drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background The active cognitive-motor demands of driving may have a significant metabolic demand that could contribute to the development of hypoglycemia. Conversely, symptoms caused by the stress of driving may be confused with hypoglycemia and lead to false alarms. This study examined the metabolic demand and the physiological stress of driving on type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) drivers. Methods Forty-three T1DM drivers were placed on a constant insulin infusion/variable dextrose infusion to maintain euglycemia for 30 min while either watching a driving video or actually driving a simulator, in a counterbalanced crossover design. Dextrose infusion, heart rate, epinephrine, and subjective symptom ratings were measured every 5 min. Additionally, subjects were monitored for self-treatment (drinking soda). Results While blood glucose (BG) levels were equivalent across both conditions, actual driving was associated with a higher dextrose infusion rate (p = 0.02), more autonomic symptoms (p < 0.05), increased heart rate (p < 0.001), a trend (p = 0.09) for greater epinephrine release, and more frequent hypoglycemic self-treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions Driving is a task with a significant metabolic demand, which may lower BG, and also that driving stress may be associated with symptoms similar to those of hypoglycemia. Physicians should discuss with their T1DM patients hypoglycemia and driving, and encourage measuring blood glucose before driving and during long drives. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equivalent Loading Frequencies for Dynamic Analysis of Asphalt Pavements

AbstractAn investigation of the existence of predominant frequency, fp (or frequencies), and the ability to predict critical pavement responses in asphalt layers using those predominant frequencies has been presented. The study used an extensive database of computed pavement response histories of four different asphalt pavement structures (thin and thick) at two temperatures (21 and 40°C) subjected to a tandem axle load at three speeds (16, 65, and 97 km/h) using the pavement response analysis program 3D-Move Analysis. The conversion of load duration to frequency and the validity of using one response component (σzz) alone in the estimation of the pulse time (tp) were explored. Instead of focusing on only σzz, attention is given to all pavement response components (stresses and strains). In addition, verification of whether the use of a consistent set of fp value(s) can in fact adequately capture all components of pavement response has also been undertaken. The viscoelastic properties that are representa...
Raman investigation of the standard Pt/SiO2 catalyst EUROPT-1

Abstract Raman spectra suggest that the standard Pt/ SiO 2 catalyst EUROPT-1 contains an amorphous platinum oxide similar to that found in Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts.
Solubility and diffusion of hydrogen in vanadium-oxygen alloys

The solubilities and diffusion coefficients of hydrogen have been measured in vanadium-oxygen alloys. A small increase in the isopiestic solubility of hydrogen at 297 and 373 K was caused by the addition of oxygen to vanadium, but Sieverts’ law was obeyed in each alloy in the hydrogen concentration ranges studied. Hydrogen diffusion coefficients as a function of hydrogen concentration were measured at 227, 297, and 373 K by a Boltzmann-Matano method that also allowed a determination of the terminal hydrogen solid solubility. The hydrogen diffusion coefficients decreased with increasing-oxygen concentrations. The solubility and diffusion results do not fit a simple trapping model. The terminal hydrogen solid solubility increased slightly with oxygen concentration
Substrate binding pocket residues of human alkyladenine-DNA glycosylase critical for methylating agent survival

Human alkyladenine-DNA glycosylase (AAG) initiates base excision repair (BER) of alkylated and deaminated bases in DNA. Here, we assessed the mutability of the AAG substrate binding pocket, and the essentiality of individual binding pocket amino acids for survival of methylation damage. We used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to randomize 19 amino acids, 8 of which interact with substrate bases, and created more than 4.5 million variants. We expressed the mutant AAGs in repair-deficient Escherichia coli and selected for protection against the cytotoxicity of either methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) or methyllexitropsin (Me-lex), an agent that produces 3-methyladenine as the predominant base lesion. Sequence analysis of 116 methylation-resistant mutants revealed no substitutions for highly conserved Tyr127and His136. In contrast, one mutation, L180F, was greatly enriched in both the MMS- and Me-lex-resistant libraries. Expression of the L180F single mutant conferred 4.4-fold enhanced survival at the high dose of MMS used for selection. The homogeneous L180F mutant enzyme exhibited 2.2-fold reduced excision of 3-methyladenine and 7.3-fold reduced excision of 7-methylguanine from methylated calf thymus DNA. Decreased excision of methylated bases by the mutant glycosylase could promote survival at high MMS concentrations, where the capacity of downstream enzymes to process toxic BER intermediates may be saturated. The mutant also displayed 6.6- and 3.0-fold reduced excision of 1,N 6 -ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine from oligonucleotide substrates, respectively, and a 1.7-fold increase in binding to abasic site-containing DNA. Our work provides in vivo evidence for the substrate binding mechanism deduced from crystal structures, illuminates the function of Leu180 in wild-type human AAG, and is consistent with a role for balanced
After rehabilitation: an 18-month follow-up of elderly inner-city women.

OBJECTIVE. Elderly inner-city women (n = 125) greater than the age of 60 and living alone and who were consecutively admitted to a large, urban, university-based rehabilitation hospital were followed to (a) examine the power of standardized clinical measures to predict who was living alone 18 months after discharge, (b) determine whether live-alone women at 18 months’ follow-up were more independent in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) than women who were not living alone, and (c) investigate whether women who return home to live alone and have low or declining physical function are at risk for subsequent relocation or death. METHOD. Data from four standardized assessments (physical function, cognition, comorbidity, and depression) and demographic information were gathered during in-patient rehabilitation. Self-report IADL data were collected via telephone interviews at 3, 6, and 18 months’ follow-up. RESULTS. Statistical analysis of results showed that physical function, cognition, and comorbidity were significant and independent predictors of living alone at 18 months’ follow-up. Women living alone at 18 months reported significantly greater IADL independence than women who were not living alone. Path analysis confirmed that the relationship between the clinical measures and living situation at 18 months was mediated by self-reported IADL functioning.
Prophylaxis with zidovudine (AZT) after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus: A brief discussion of the issues for emergency physicians

Summary Sound scientific information with which to determine the true efficacy of zidovudine for prophylaxis will probably not be available soon. Physicians should educate themselves thoroughly on the issues. It is highly recommended that thoughtful discussions of the issue of transmission of HIV from health personnel to patients 6–9 as well as the key articles cited in this discussion be read. The details of a prophylaxis program, including laboratory evaluation, are provided in an article by Henderson and Gerberding 11 and in greater detail in the article by Go et al. (Health care workers exposed to HIV can be enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control surveillance program by calling 404/639-1644. To enroll persons with large exposures to HIV in the zidovudine prophylaxis study, call 800/537-9978.) ED directors should work closely with local infectious disease specialists to determine if such a program is needed and how to implement it. Further details regarding the implementation of a prophylaxis program should be obtained from the literature and the Centers for Disease Control. All of the details of such a program should be worked out well in advance so that knowledgeable and immediate counseling can be provided to health care workers within one or two hours of exposure. Highly qualified individuals and institutions vary in their recommendations on prophylaxis, although most provide them. 11, 23 Zidovudine probably does not provide very effective protection, if it provides any. However, the medical, social, and economic consequences of HIV infection of health care workers are very real, and the serious irreversible adverse effects of zidovudine are very rare. My personal interpretation is that the potential benefits outweigh the risks and that pending better data, health personnel with injection exposure to blood likely to be HIV positive should receive immediate zidovudine therapy.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent sphingosine derivatives

Microwave-assisted synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent sphingosine derivatives is described, and the utility of the probes demonstrated by co-localization studies with visible wavelength fluorescent sphingosine derivatives.
Stomach in combination with other intestinal segments in pediatric lower urinary tract reconstruction.

AbstractPurpose: We report the results of combining gastric and ileal segments in a small group of predominantly pediatric patients.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 6 children and 1 adult who underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction using stomach and ileum, including 3 simultaneous and 4 staged procedures. Followup was 13 to 59 months.Results: No patient had deterioration of renal function due to impaired upper tract drainage. One patient had an episode of hyponatremia during a gastrointestinal illness. The adult has the hematuria-dysuria syndrome and receives omeprazole. No ulceration developed in the 6 evaluable patients.Conclusions: The combined use of stomach and ileum has been effective in this small group of challenging patients. Long-term followup is mandatory.
Human Sacrifice among Pagans and Christians

In Minucius Felix' dialogue on the value of Christianity, written in the late second or early third century C.E., the character Caecilius, who presents the anti-Christian arguments, recounts a story about their initiations, ‘a story as loathsome as it is well known’: after the initiate has struck a baby concealed under a covering of flour, those present drink the blood from its wounds and so seal their union (Oct. 9.5). Later in the dialogue, Octavius, the defender of Christianity, refutes this slander. The alleged crime, he argues, is so terrible that ‘no one could believe it except the sort of person who would attempt it’. He goes on to point out that pagans, not Christians, are the ones who practise actual human sacrifice. He supports his claim by citing specific examples: the Africans who used to sacrifice their children to Saturn, the Taurians and the Egyptian Busiris who sacrificed foreigners, the Gauls, and lastly the Romans themselves, who in the past would bury alive two Greeks and two Gauls and who in his own day sacrifice men to Jupiter Latiaris (Oct. 30.1).
Further insights into why potassium fertility is a paradox

For many years, crop potassium (K) availability has been estimated by soil testing the plow layer for exchangeable K, in conjunction with potassium chloride fertilization widely promoted as an essential prerequisite for ensuring crop yield and quality. As rigorously documented in our paper, both components of chemical-based K management are seriously flawed by the lack of a scientific basis. Under the pretext of providing economic benefit for the producer and a healthy food supply for the public at large, the real purpose is to generate revenue for the fertilizer industry.
Sequential Lateral Solidification of Ultra-Thin a-Si Films

This paper demonstrates that Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS) of Si can be carried out on films as thin as–and potentially much thinner than–250 A. When compared to thicker Si films, however, the SLS-processed ultra-thin films contain more twins, and successful processing requires irradiation within a narrower laser energy density range and a smaller per-pulse translation distance. The physical interpretation of these findings is formulated by analyzing the details of the microstructures observed in single-pulse-irradiation-induced Controlled Super-Lateral Growth (C-SLG) experiments. SEM and TEM analyses reveal complicated microstructural details that we interpret as originating from breakdown of epitaxial growth during lateral solidification, an effect that is detrimental to the SLS process. Based on considerations of far-from- equilibrium solidification behavior of Si, it is argued that undercooling of the solidification interface below a threshold value at which solidification no longer proceeds epitaxially–arising from reduction in interfacial recalescence during lateral solidification of ultra-thin Si films, relative to that of thicker films–is responsible for the breakdown. Based on this model, we discuss how external parameters may be adjusted so as to permit optimal crystallization of ultra-thin Si films using SLS.
Unsupervised multiresolution segmentation for images with low depth of field

Unsupervised segmentation of images with low depth of field (DOF) is highly useful in various applications. This paper describes a novel multiresolution image segmentation algorithm for low DOF images. The algorithm is designed to separate a sharply focused object-of-interest from other foreground or background objects. The algorithm is fully automatic in that all parameters are image independent. A multi-scale approach based on high frequency wavelet coefficients and their statistics is used to perform context-dependent classification of individual blocks of the image. Unlike other edge-based approaches, our algorithm does not rely on the process of connecting object boundaries. The algorithm has achieved high accuracy when tested on more than 100 low DOF images, many with inhomogeneous foreground or background distractions. Compared with he state of the art algorithms, this new algorithm provides better accuracy at higher speed.
Changing affordances in stair climbing: the perception of maximum climbability in young and older adults.

This experiment extended Warren's leg-length model by investigating the relevance of leg strength and joint flexibility on perceptual judgments of climbability. From a set of 8 stairs (riser heights: 38-91 cm), 24 older and 24 young adults were asked to identify the highest stair they could climb without using their hands or knees. Subjects then attempted to climb the selected stair. Tall and short young observers perceived similar action boundaries despite leg-length differences. Tall and short older adults had divergent action boundaries when a single-scale leg-length model was applied. A regression model that used flexibility and leg-strength measurements provided a better fit of the older adult data, indicating that models applying functional (kinematic and kinetic) criteria might be useful in describing lawful relationships between organisms and the environment. Language: en
Stall onset on aerofoils at low to moderately high Reynolds number flows

The inception of leading-edge stall on stationary, two-dimensional, smooth, thin aerofoils at low to moderately high chord Reynolds number flows is investigated by a reduced-order, multiscale model problem via numerical simulations. The asymptotic theory demonstrates that a subsonic flow about a thin aerofoil can be described in terms of an outer region, around most of the aerofoil’s chord, and an inner region, around the nose, that asymptotically match each other. The flow in the outer region is dominated by the classical thin aerofoil theory. Scaled (magnified) coordinates and a modified (smaller) Reynolds number are used to correctly account for the nonlinear behaviour and extreme velocity changes in the inner region, where both the near-stagnation and high suction areas occur. It results in a model problem of a uniform, incompressible and viscous flow past a semi-infinite parabola with a far-field circulation governed by a parameter that is related to the aerofoil’s angle of attack, nose radius of curvature, thickness ratio, and camber. The model flow problem is solved for various values of through numerical simulations based on the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The value where a global separation zone first erupts in the nose flow, accompanied by loss of peak streamwise velocity ahead of it and change in shedding frequency behind it, is determined as a function of . These values indicate the stall onset on the aerofoil at various flow conditions. It is found that decreases with until some limit ( ) and then increases with further increase of Reynolds number. At low values of the flow is laminar and steady, even when stall occurs. The flow in this regime is dominated by the increasing effect of the adverse pressure gradient, which eventually overcomes the ability of the viscous stress to keep the boundary layer attached to the aerofoil. The change in the nature of stall at the limit is attributed to the appearance of downstream travelling waves in the boundary layer that shed from the marginal separation zone and grow in size with either or . These unsteady, convective vortical structures relax the effect of the adverse pressure gradient on the viscous boundary layer to delay the onset of stall in the mean flow to higher values of . Computed results show agreement with marginal separation theory at low and with available experimental data at higher . This simplified approach provides a universal criterion to determine the stall angle of stationary thin aerofoils with a parabolic nose.
Slowed Saccades and Increased Square Wave Jerks in Essential Tremor

Background: Eye movements in essential tremor (ET) are poorly described and may present useful information on the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. Methods: Sixty patients with ET, including 15 de novo untreated patients, and 60 age-matched controls constitute the study population. A video-based eye tracker was used to assess binocular eye position. Oculomotor function was assessed while subjects followed random horizontally and vertically step-displaced targets. Results: For all reflexive saccades, latencies were increased in ET subjects by a mean of 16.3% (p<0.01). Saccades showed reduced peak velocities with a lengthy, wavering velocity plateau, followed by slowed decelerations. For larger 30°+ saccades, peak velocities were decreased by a mean of 25.2% (p<0.01) and durations increased by 31.8% (p<0.01). The frequency of square wave jerks (SWJs) in patients was more than triple that of controls (p<0.0001). Despite frequent interruptions by SWJs, fixations were otherwise stable and indistinguishable from controls (root mean square [RMS] velocity, p = 0.324). The abnormal eye movement parameters were independent of disease duration, tremor severity, and medication therapy. Discussion: In contrast to normally swift onset and efficient acceleration/deceleration movements, saccades in ET are characterized by abnormally prolonged latencies and slowed velocity profiles. Although ET subjects maintain highly stable fixations, they are interrupted by increased numbers of SWJs. This study reveals novel oculomotor deficits in ET, which are distinct from the eye movement dysfunction of other movement disorders, supporting a role for eye tracking to assist in the differential diagnoses of not only atypical, but also more common movement disorders.
New Perspectives on the Persistent Scourge of Foodborne Disease

pylobacter strains, much of which are also ultimately traceable to foodborne sources. The study by Johnson et al. is based on microbiologic examination of food. One of its fundamental observations is the high rate of bacterial contamination of many common food products, including both processed foods and those typically eaten raw. They found, for example, that ^507o of samples of cucumber/zucchini and shrimp and ^0o7o of poultry were contaminated with E. coli. Contrary to pop-
Scheduling control for Markov-modulated single-server multiclass queueing systems in heavy traffic

This paper studies a scheduling control problem for a single-server multiclass queueing network in heavy traffic, operating in a changing environment. The changing environment is modeled as a finite-state Markov process that modulates the arrival and service rates in the system. Various cases are considered: fast changing environment, fixed environment, and slowly changing environment. In all cases, the arrival rates are environment dependent, whereas the service rates are environment dependent when the environment Markov process is changing fast, and are assumed to be constant in the other two cases. In each of the cases, using weak convergence analysis, in particular functional limit theorems for Poisson processes and ergodic Markov processes, it is shown that an appropriate "averaged" version of the classical $$c\mu $$ c μ -policy (the priority policy that favors classes with higher values of the product of holding cost $$c$$ c and service rate $$\mu $$ μ ) is asymptotically optimal for an infinite horizon discounted cost criterion.
Impact of systemic targeted agents on the clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastases

// Adam G. Johnson 1 , Jimmy Ruiz 2, 3 , Ryan Hughes 1 , Brandi R. Page 1 , Scott Isom 4 , John T. Lucas 1 , Emory R. McTyre 1 , Kristin W. Houseknecht 1 , Diandra N. Ayala-Peacock 1 , Daniel J. Bourland 1 , William H. Hinson 1 , Adrian W. Laxton 5 , Stephen B. Tatter 5 , Waldemar Debinski 6 , Kounosuke Watabe 7 , Michael D. Chan 1 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 2 Department of Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 3 W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veteran Administration Medical Center, Cancer Center, Salisbury, NC, USA 4 Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 6 Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 7 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Correspondence to: Adam G. Johnson, e-mail: adjohnso@wakehealth.edu Keywords: targeted agents, stereotactic radiosurgery, brain metastases, chemotherapy Received: January 29, 2015 Accepted: May 18, 2015 Published: June 01, 2015 ABSTRACT Background: To determine the clinical benefits of systemic targeted agents across multiple histologies after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. Methods: Between 2000 and 2013, 737 patients underwent upfront SRS for brain metastases. Patients were stratified by whether or not they received targeted agents with SRS. 167 (23%) received targeted agents compared to 570 (77%) that received other available treatment options. Time to event data were summarized using Kaplan-Meier plots, and the log rank test was used to determine statistical differences between groups. Results: Patients who received SRS with targeted agents vs those that did not had improved overall survival (65% vs. 30% at 12 months, p < 0.0001), improved freedom from local failure (94% vs 90% at 12 months, p = 0.06), improved distant failure-free survival (32% vs. 18% at 12 months, p = 0.0001) and improved freedom from whole brain radiation (88% vs. 77% at 12 months, p = 0.03). Improvement in freedom from local failure was driven by improvements seen in breast cancer (100% vs 92% at 12 months, p < 0.01), and renal cell cancer (100% vs 88%, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis revealed that use of targeted agents improved all cause mortality (HR = 0.6, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Targeted agent use with SRS appears to improve survival and intracranial outcomes.
Fate Mapping Hematopoietic Lineages in the Xenopus Embryo

Fate maps reveal the normal contribution of various regions of an early embryo to larval and adult structures. This chapter describes the mapping of primitive blood in embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis by the technique of lineage tracing with a fluorescent dextran.
Malfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheter repaired by laparoscopic surgery.

Objectives To review peritoneal dialysis catheter failures and to describe a technique of repairing malpositioned catheters. Design Two prospective case reports utilizing this technique are reported. Setting A tertiary care hospital. Patients Two patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis with malfunctioning catheters. Intervention Both patients underwent reposition of their malpositioned continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheters by laparoscopic suture technique. Main outcome measures Outcome was measured by the successful return of adequate peritoneal dialysis. Results Both case studies show correction of malpositioned catheters with the return of successful peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion The repositioning and suture application of malpositioned Tenckhoff catheters by laparoscopic surgery is a viable technique that can salvage the majority of malpositioned catheters and save the patients additional hospital time and recovery.
The Abatement of Carbon Emissions in Industrial and Developing Countries: Commentary

The global environment is a matter of great importance to all nations. The Rio Convention acknowledged the potential gains from co-operation in response to the threat to climate changes due to increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Yet differences of opinions prevail about the main problems, and about the institutions to manage cooperation. Industrial countries typically focus on the potential problems posed by the rapid growth of population in developing countries, and the environmental pressure, in particular from carbon emissions, that this could create in 25-50 years time. The developing countries view the carbon emission problem as one which originates, historically and currently, from the industrial countries, and one which requires their immediate action.
Semi-Parametric Kurtosis in a Garch Process

This paper presents a semi-parametric approach to estimate the kurtosis in a GARCH process using quasi-maximum likelihood estimation. The proposed estimator performs better than the sample kurtosis in terms of tracking the true parameter. In addition, contrary to maximum likelihood estimator, the proposed method does not require any assumption on the innovation and hence is robust to misspecification. Furthermore, our simulation study shows that a GARCH process produces smaller sample kurtosis than the theoretical value, which suggests matching sample kurtosis is not necessary when determining the innovation distribution for the GARCH process.
Genetic vs. quantitative analysis of serum alpha 1 -antitrypsin.

Abstract In a study of the potential usefulness of quantitative methods for identifying heterozygous serum alpha1-antitrypsin genetic types that may be associated with chronic pulmonary disease, wide ranges of serum alph1-antitrypsin function and concentration were found in series of samples of protease inhibitor (Pi) types MM, MS and MZ samples. Ranges were wider in a group of 99 patients with obstructive pulmonary disease than in 106 normal adults, and demonstrated a greater overlap of types MS and MZ with type MM. Measurement of alpha1-antitrypsin function or concentration cannot be expected to detect Pi types MZ or MS reliably; quantitative screening methods must be accompanied by Pi typing analysis.
Fumigation of Grapefruit with Methyl Bromide for Control of Anastrepha suspensa

The dosages of methyl bromide required to give 99.9968% kill (probit 9) of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) infestations in grapefruit at 21°–24°C were calculated (probit analysis) to be 40 mg/liter for a 3 carton load (20% capacity) and 56 mg/liter for a 12 carton load (80% capacity) fumigated in 0.8-m3 chambers. These dosages produced no visible injury in the fruit.
Mobile Just-in-Time Situated Learning Resources for Surgical Clerkships

Facilitating structured learning during medical student clinical clerkships faces the challenges of eking out precious time for education on-service, amidst compelling ad-hoc demands of daily hospital activities. To help address related self-learning needs in a constructivist curricular context, we developed a Web-deployable, surgical anatomy review resource for mobile devices, to be consulted as needed on-site during clinical encounters and prior to surgical procedures. Content was based on diagnosis/problem/procedure data obtained from medical student patient contact logs. At project outset, personal digital assistant (PDA) usage was declining and more powerful smartphones were being released with enhanced Web browsers, so the developing resource was programmed with multi-platform Web code for portability. The final surgical anatomy review consisted of 26 chapters covering individual bodily systems in a diagnosis/disease framework, each with major sections on Basic Anatomy, Vessels and Lymphatics, and Clinical Correlates. The resource was successfully deployed in four different forms: (1) a Web-server-free download site, (2) a pocket-sized print book, (3) interactive smartphone applications for Apple iOS (iPhone) and Android platforms and (4) multiple format e-books. Analysis of institutional Web server download data showed frequent access to systems/disease/diagnosis chapters comparable to surgical clerkship patient log data. The print book, mobile apps, and e-books achieved widespread national and international distribution. It was found that flexible development methods allowed convenient production of multiple media formats that served rapidly developing mobile devices and e-book markets and supported a variety of user adoption preferences.
Simulation Study of Intelligent Evacuation Guidance System in Building Fire Hazards

This thesis simulates the evacuation process of different personnel under mixed behavioral modes by adapting improved cellular automate model;studies the influence of the visual induction,audio induction and dual induction of the intelligent evacuation guidance system upon the evacuation process and provides a method to dynamically identifies the evacuation path.The result shows that,dynamically identifies evacuation paths can save evacuation time and improve evacuation efficiency under different behavioral patterns.The simulation study can provide scientific basis for developing new intelligent evacuation guidance system
Long-term outcomes of sandwich ventral hernia repair paired with hybrid vacuum-assisted closure.

Abstract Background Sandwich ventral hernia repair (SVHR) may reduce ventral hernia recurrence rates, although with an increased risk of surgical site occurrences (SSOs) and surgical site infections (SSIs). Previously, we found that a modified negative pressure wound therapy (hybrid vacuum-assisted closure [HVAC]) system reduced SSOs and SSIs after ventral hernia repair. We aimed to describe our outcomes after SVHR paired with HVAC closure. Methods We conducted a 4-y retrospective review of all complex SVHRs (biologic mesh underlay and synthetic mesh overlay) with HVAC closure performed at our institution by a single surgeon. All patients had fascial defects that could not be reapproximated primarily using anterior component separation. Descriptive statistics were used to report the incidence of postoperative complications and hernia recurrence. Results A total of 60 patients (59.3 ± 11.4 y, 58.3% male, 75% American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥3) with complex ventral hernias being underwent sandwich repair with HVAC closure. Major postoperative morbidity (Dindo–Clavien class ≥3) occurred in 14 (23.3%) patients, but incidence of SSO ( n = 13, 21.7%) and SSI ( n = 4, 6.7%) was low compared with historical reports. Median follow-up time for all patients was 12 mo (interquartile range 5.8-26.5 mo). Hernia recurrence occurred in eight patients (13.3%) after a median time of 20.6 months (interquartile range 16.4- 25.4 months). Conclusions Use of a dual layer sandwich repair for complex abdominal wall reconstruction is associated with low rates of hernia recurrence at 1 year postoperatively. The addition of the HVAC closure system may reduce the risk of SSOs and SSIs previously reported with this technique and deserves consideration in future prospective studies assessing optimization of ventral hernia repair approaches.
Analysis of influenza surveillance from 2000 to 2007 in Gansu province

Objective To study the epidemical characteristics of influenza in Gansu province from 2000 to 2007, and to discuss the changes of the predominant strains of influenza virus. This study provide scientific basis for defending influenza effectively. Methods Influenza surveillance, collecting the pharyngeal swab specimens from influenza patients of national surveillance hospital and unsure influenza epidemic situations, inoculated on MDCK cell culture to obtain the influenza virus strains. Results 2001.10--2007.12,coUecting the 6383 specimens,943 influenza virus strains were isolated, positive rate was 14.77 %, 218 strains were A1 (H1N1), 352 strains were A3 (H3N2) ,312 strains were B subtype of Victoria and 61 strains were B subtype of Yamagata. There were totally 61 outbreak of influenza-like cases were observed in Gansu Province during the last 5 years,44 cases were isolated influenza virus, of 38 cases were caused by B subtype of Victoria virus strains, 3 cases were caused by H3N2,2 cases were caused by B subtype of Yamagata virus strains, 1 cases were caused by H1N1. Conclusion Influenza is active in human population. Influenza type A virus is predominant in winter and type B virus rsulted in the outbreak in school and kidsgarden from March to June in the last 3 years. Key words: Influenza surveillance; Case report; Orthomyxoviridae
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL NATURE OF CONCEPTS

Publisher Summary When the psychological nature of a concept is identified, the attributes that serve to distinguish concepts from other psychological phenomena. The first and probably most obvious psychological characteristic of a concept is that it is identifiable. After a concept has been identified, it might be learned by a subject. As Kendler (1964) pointed out, these two phases of identification and acquisition might even go on simultaneously and perhaps the acquisition could even precede the identification. The latter would occur when the subject was acquiring information about the relevant dimensions and had not yet identified the total concept. There is, however, a clearly defined phenomenon of acquiring a concept or learning it, which can be separated out from the process of identification. Another obvious psychological characteristic of concepts is that they can be labeled or named. In many studies, the subject is specifically asked to supply the name of the concept as evidence of his having acquired it. Another obvious psychological characteristic of concepts is that of transferability. The acquisition of one concept can have a positive or negative effect upon the acquisition of a second concept. It seems safe to assume that concepts that are identified, learned, named and generalized, or transferred, can also be forgotten. There really has not been enough research in this area truly to test for the retention of concepts.
A San Pedro Stage Site Near Fairbank, Arizona

ABSTRACTStone artifacts from a San Pedro Stage site, Arizona EE: 8:7, near Fairbank, Arizona, are described and compared to artifacts from midden levels 3 to 5 at Ventana Cave. The site interpretation is confused slightly by a Salado occupation, but patination of the worked faces of many of the San Pedro tools aided separation of San Pedro and Salado artifacts. A temporal correlation of Arizona EE:8:7 with nearby Benson: 5:10 (San Pedro type site) and with Ventana Cave is suggested.
Closed-Loop Combustion Noise Limit Control for Modern Diesel Combustion Modes

Current and future requirements in diesel engines to meet the legislative emission standards have already led to the use of advanced combustion control and feedback mechanisms such as cylinder pressure-based combustion control. The wealthy information in a cylinder pressure signal can also be used to extract the combustion noise (CN) information from a combustion event. Toward this objective, this paper presents different methods of pressure-based CN estimation and control. Specifically, a novel stochastic CN limit control has been proposed and integrated into an overall closed-loop combustion control management system. The effectiveness of the presented methods has been demonstrated in experiments using a diesel engine running with advanced combustion modes.
Robotic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is effective, safe, and feasible for any bariatric surgeon to learn. The learning curve to become proficient in this new technology demands practice and patience and is achievable. New extended reach and smaller instruments will push adoption of robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, especially as more operations are described and published showing clinical benefits.
What a Pain: The Impact of Physical Symptoms and Health Management on Pursuit of Personal Goals Among Adolescents with Cancer.

Purpose: This study examined health-related hindrance (HRH) of personal goals among adolescents receiving treatment for cancer and healthy peers. Methods: Adolescents and parents completed measures of demographics and psychosocial variables. Adolescents reported on their HRH, measured by ratings of the impact of pain, fatigue, other physical symptoms, and doing things to manage their health on self-identified personal goals. Disease-related information was abstracted from patient charts. Results: Adolescents with cancer experienced significantly more HRH than healthy peers, and their HRH was significantly associated with poorer health-related quality of life (p < 0.001), negative affect (p = 0.03), and depressive symptoms (p = 0.03). Risk and resilience factors associated with HRH for those with cancer included pain (current and past month severity, frequency, and pain-related quality of life), fatigue, nausea, cognitive problems, worse parent-reported family functioning, and female gender. When testing t...
Tantric Hinduism and ‘Kinky America’ in Sasthi Brata’s The Sensuous Guru

ABSTRACTIn Sasthi Brata’s The Sensuous Guru, protagonist Ram Chakravarti migrates from India to America with the hopes of becoming a writer. However, in America he is seen as a representative of Hindu India. Capitalising on the frenzy surrounding American Transcendentalist version of Hinduism and Tantra, Ram becomes guru ‘Chukker’. He ‘cures’ disciples with sex therapy, wins the Nobel peace prize, and eventually becomes the president of America. Examining the irony and satire present in the novel, I argue that in The Sensuous Guru Brata mocks the 1960s American counter-culture movement, the subsequent popularity of Hinduism brought about by Hindu gurus in the US in the 1900s, the Hindu gurus who ‘attempt to devise analogues that might make … [Hinduism] comprehensible to the Western mind” (Mehta 6), and the westerners who follow these gurus. Ultimately, the novel illustrates the plight of the post-1965 Indian immigrant to America.
Volker Brauns Gedichtband Tumulus: utopische Totentieder eines "ortlosen" Dichters

Tumulus, a slim volume of only twelve poems, appeared in 1999. Severalof these poems were published before that year, however. The Latin title– meaning "sepulchral mound" – suggests an ongoing theme in theMarxist Braun's ouevre: the loss or "burial" of political illusions inthe German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic as well. Thelack of political alternatives in the poet's being – a state ofexistential "Ortlosigkeit" or negative utopia – manifests itself as aspectrum of contradictory reflections which seem to go nowhere. Theyportray the rigid shabbiness of the former "real" socialism and the"barbaric beauty" of "real" capitalism in the Federal Republic asequally absurd and stifling. Braun, the critical provocateur, loatheswhat he observes but is not entirely free of fascination with it:"Salute, Barbaren." The poems, structured as a triptychon, reveal theemotions and deliberations of a political activist who is bent onresisting his new reality, yet is unable to deal with it. This leaveshim in the role of the dissecting observer who – contrary to theprevailing mood of bitterness in his previous literary works after the"Wende" – learned to blend frustration with irony, and equanimity withcontinuing social outrage.
A Requirement for Mena, an Actin Regulator, in Local mRNA Translation in Developing Neurons.

Summary During neuronal development, local mRNA translation is required for axon guidance and synaptogenesis, and dysregulation of this process contributes to multiple neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders. However, regulation of local protein synthesis in developing axons remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover a novel role for the actin-regulatory protein Mena in the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex that involves the RNA-binding proteins HnrnpK and PCBP1 and regulates local translation of specific mRNAs in developing axons. We find that translation of dyrk1a , a Down syndrome- and autism spectrum disorders-related gene, is dependent on Mena, both in steady-state conditions and upon BDNF stimulation. We identify hundreds of additional mRNAs that associate with the Mena complex, suggesting that it plays broader role(s) in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Our work establishes a dual role for Mena in neurons, providing a potential link between regulation of actin dynamics and local translation.
Applications of the CVBEM in Mathematics, Science and Engineering

The Complex Variable Boundary Element Method or CVBEM has been shown to be a useful tool for the numerical analysis of Laplace or Poisson equation boundary value problems (Hromadka, 1984). The numerical procedure is to discretize the boundary Γ by nodal points into boundary elements, and then specify a continuous global trial function G(ζ) on r as a function of the nodal values. Using the Cauchy integral, the resulting integral equation is $$\hat \omega ({z_0}) = \frac{1}{{2\pi i}}\int_\Gamma {\frac{{G(\zeta )d\zeta }}{{\zeta - {z_0}}}} $$ (3.1) where \(\hat \omega ({z_0})\) is the CVBEM approximation for z0 ∈ Ω; and Ω is a two-dimensional simply connected domain enclosed by the simple closed contour Γ.
Selected Correspondence with Geach

I had a letter from an unknown reader, Peter Geach, in February 1949. In the ensuing thirty years his letters to me have run to 147. They brim with fresh ideas on logic, philosophy, and language, they bristle with jibes at bad ideas, and they sparkle with curios from the mediaevals. They have been an unfailing source of stimulation, instruction, and entertainment. My bulging file of them is a happy prospect for posterity.
Studies of Esophageal Function During Waking and Sleep

Although the gut has long been recognized as the site of powerful but obscure influences from the central nervous system (CNS), interest has focused almost exclusively on CNS effects on the stomach and colon. There is a well-known and voluminous literature which has developed on the subject of the psychological influences on peptic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and the irritible bowel syndrome, but until recently, the esophagus has been relatively ignored as an organ worthy of serious physiologic investigation, let alone scrutiny by the psychophysiologist.
Neonatal Lung Disease Associated with TBX4 Mutations

Variable lung disease was documented in 2 infants with heterozygous TBX4 mutations; their clinical presentations, pathology, and outcomes were distinct. These findings demonstrate that TBX4 gene mutations are associated with neonatal respiratory failure and highlight the wide spectrum of clinicopathological outcomes that have implications for patient diagnosis and management.
Baseline cultural competence in physician assistant students.

Purpose Cultural competence is a critical component in health care services. The relationship between health disparities and prejudice and discrimination is well documented. Prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior are modifiable through training yet few programs have evidence-based training. No published data has reported on baseline levels of cultural competencies in medical trainees which is necessary for tailoring programs appropriate to the audience. This manuscript fills that gap by reporting on data from three cohorts of first-year Physician Assistant (PA) students (N = 216). We examined students' baseline levels with special attention to differences in cultural competence constructs across age, gender, and ethnicity. Methods Students completed self-report measures for ethnic identity, ethno-cultural empathy, multicultural orientation, attitudes about diversity, health beliefs attitudes, colorblind racial attitudes, and burnout at the beginning of their first year. They completed the measures online (Qualtrics) during class time, prior to a lecture on cultural competence. Results Data indicate a correlation between cultural competence constructs supporting the validity of the battery of tests as a cohesive unit to measure cultural competence. There were statistically significant differences between age, gender identity, and ethnic groups across cultural competence variables. Conclusions Data provide baseline data that may be used to tailor educational programs. Findings suggest that our measures show promise for future educational research measuring effectiveness of cultural competence training.
Brief Literature Review: The Potential of Diabetes Technology to Improve Sleep in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: An Unanticipated Benefit of Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Systems.

Sleep has recently gained attention as a risk factor for higher A1C levels and problems with the management of type 1 diabetes, especially in the adolescent population (1). Sleep has also become a prime target for interventions because it has been established as a risk factor for obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (2), and the most recent American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes recommends that providers assess sleep quality as part of routine diabetes management (3). It is important to develop behavioral sleep-promoting interventions specific to type 1 diabetes because of the management and nocturnal issues that are unique to this disease. However, although behavioral modifications may improve sleep habits and increase sleep duration, these changes do not address the underlying physiology, including constantly fluctuating blood glucose levels and the need to make frequent treatment decisions overnight. Thus, we believe that one of the potential benefits of new hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systems, which reduce glycemic variability by automatically adjusting basal insulin doses based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) readings, is a positive impact on the sleep of patients with type 1 diabetes, as well as their caregivers. It is well known that sufficient and good-quality sleep is essential for maintaining optimal physical and mental health (4). In adults, poor sleep has been identified as a risk factor for diseases such as hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease (5,6). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of data from international studies indicates that short sleep duration is linked to obesity in both children and adults (7). Sleep restriction and sleep disturbances increase insulin counterregulatory hormones such as cortisol and growth hormone and therefore increase insulin resistance (8,9). In addition, experimental studies of sleep restriction demonstrate links between poor sleep and problems …