cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Spur Tumor Growth and Cancer Cachexia in Rats Bearing the Yoshida Sarcoma

Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with increased risk of cancer and cancer mortality. However, it is currently unknown whether they contribute to the development of cancer cachexia, a syndrome that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in individuals with cancer. The present experiment addresses the question of whether preexisting obesity and insulin resistance alter tumor growth and cancer cachexia symptoms in Yoshida sarcoma bearing male rats. Obesity and insulin resistance were induced through 5 weeks of high-fat (HF) diet feeding and insulin resistance was confirmed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing. Chow-fed animals were used as a control group. Following the establishment of insulin resistance, HF- and chow-fed animals were implanted with fragments of the Yoshida sarcoma or received a sham surgery. Tumor growth rate was greater in HF-fed animals, resulting in larger tumors. In addition, cancer cachexia symptoms developed in HF-fed animals but not chow-fed animal...
The SCA/FEL program: Operation in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet

Abstract The FEL program on the Superconducting accelerator at Stanford is reviewed. Successful operation at 0.5 μm and capabilities from 10 μm to 0.35 μm are described. Ongoing projects also discussed include cryogenic modifications, wiggler repairs, and construction of optical experimental areas. A subpicosecond UV FEL capability is outlined.
Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors by vitamin D analogs in cultured mammalian cells.

The pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1) has been shown to possess 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] receptors and to exhibit functional responses to vitamin D metabolites. Here we report that these receptors appear to undergo homologous up-regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D analogs. This phenomenon was also observed in other cell lines, including human skin fibroblasts and human mammary cancer cells (MCF-7). Treatment with active hormone or vitamin D analogs results in a substantial increase (200–400%) in the number of 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors without altering the affinity of receptor for hormone. The up-regulated receptor, like the basal receptor, has an apparent Kd of about 0.04 nm and sediments at 3.3S on hypertonic sucrose gradients. In addition, approximately 50% of the total receptors from both control and treated cells bind to DNA-cellulose and elute at 0.18 M KC1. These results indicate that the up-regulated receptor is similar to the classical 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor. While the time nece...
An APL function for modeling p -wave induced liquefaction

Abstract This paper presents an APL function that models particle acceleration, velocity, displacement, and porewater pressure responses induced by the passage of compressional waves through water-saturated soil. Inputs to the function include: mass of soil elements, boundary conditions, spring constants, damping ratio, forces applied to the first element, threshold strain and a time increment. Output closely approximates the results of laboratory and field measurements of this phenomenon.
Study of the syn and anti isomerism of the long-lasting opiate antagonist naloxazone and related compounds

A 13C-NMR study of the long-acting opiate antagonists naloxazone (I) and naltrexazone (II) and the long-acting opiate agonist oxymorphazone (III) revealed that these compounds are formed as mixtures of their anti and syn isomers. The less crowded anti isomer was found to be the major product in all cases (ca. 80%). N, N-Dimethyl derivatives of naloxazone (IV), naltrexazone (V), and oxymorphazone (VI), which are sterically more crowded than the corresponding unsubstituted hydrazones I–III, were formed as almost exclusively anti isomers. Pure anti of II was obtained as a 1:1 complex with ethanol. No syn-anti equilibration was observed during the 13C-NMR experiment in any of the cases studied. The relevance of our finding about the syn-anti isomerism of the opiate hydrazones to the understanding of their interactions with the opiate receptor is discussed.
Chronic cough in childhood: Approach to diagnosis and treatment

Chronic cough in childhood has many possible causes. The two most common are asthma and viral upper respiratory infection. Although usually associated with wheezing, dyspnea, or both, cough may be the sole manifestation of asthma ("cough-variant asthma"). Most important to initial evaluation are physical examination, patient history, and chest radiograph. Bronchial provocation testing may also prove helpful but is usually unnecessary. A trial of antiasthma therapy is appropriate when the pattern of symptoms is typical of asthma (excepting the lack of wheezing) and when nothing incompatible with asthma is present in the clinical picture. Drug therapy for cough-variant asthma is the same as that for more typical asthma. A vigorous trial of antiasthma therapy should not be considered complete unless a short course of high oral doses of corticosteroids has been included. The presence of clinical signs or symptoms atypical or incompatible with asthma and the failure of symptoms to respond to aggressive antiasthma therapy both warrant a more aggressive and complete diagnostic study.
Do you see what I see? Insights from using google glass for disaster telemedicine triage.

Introduction Disasters are high-stakes, low-frequency events. Telemedicine may offer a useful adjunct for paramedics performing disaster triage. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of telemedicine in disaster triage, and to determine whether telemedicine has an effect on the accuracy of triage or the time needed to perform triage. METHODS: This is a feasibility study in which an intervention team of two paramedics used the mobile device Google Glass (Google Inc; Mountain View, California USA) to communicate with an off-site physician disaster expert. The paramedic team triaged simulated disaster victims at the triennial drill of a commercial airport. The simulated victims had preassigned expected triage levels. The physician had an audio-video interface with the paramedic team and was able to observe the victims remotely. A control team of two paramedics performed disaster triage in the usual fashion. Both teams used the SMART Triage System (TSG Associates LLP; Halifax, England), which assigns patients into Red, Yellow, Green, and Black triage categories. The paramedics were video recorded, and their time required to triage was logged. It was determined whether the intervention team and the control team varied regarding accuracy of triage. Finally, the amount of time the intervention team needed to triage patients when telemedicine was used was compared to when that team did not use telemedicine. RESULTS: The two teams triaged the same 20 patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups in overall triage accuracy (85.7% for the intervention group vs 75.9% for the control group; P =.39). Two patients were triaged with telemedicine. For the intervention group, there was a significant difference in time to triage patients with telemedicine versus those without telemedicine (35.5 seconds; 95% CI, 72.5-143.5 vs 18.5 seconds; 95% CI, 13.4-23.6; P =.041). CONCLUSION: There was no increase in triage accuracy when paramedics evaluating disaster victims used telemedicine, and telemedicine required more time than conventional triage. There are a number of obstacles to available technology that, if overcome, might improve the utility of telemedicine in disaster response. Cicero MX , Walsh B , Solad Y , Whitfill T , Paesano G , Kim K , Baum CR , Cone DC. Do you see what I see? Insights from using Google Glass for disaster telemedicine triage. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-5. Language: en
Acoustic inverse scattering via Helmholtz operator factorization and optimization

We present a joint acoustic/seismic inverse scattering and finite-frequency (reflection) tomography program, formulated as a coupled set of optimization problems, in terms of inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations. We use a higher order finite difference scheme for these Helmholtz equations to guarantee sufficient accuracy. We adapt a structured approximate direct solver for the relevant systems of algebraic equations, which addresses storage requirements through compression, to yield a complexity for computing the gradients or images in the optimization problems that consists of two parts, viz., the cost for all the matrix factorizations which is roughly O(rN) (for example O(rNlogN) when d=2) times the number of frequencies, and the cost for all solutions by substitution which is roughly O(N) (for example O(Nlog(rlogN)) when d=2) times the number of frequencies times the number of sources (events), where N=n^d if n is the number of grid samples in any direction, and r is a parameter depending on the preset accuracy and the problem at hand. With this complexity, the multi-frequency approach to inverse scattering and finite-frequency tomography becomes computationally feasible with large data sets, in dimensions d=2 and 3.
Nd:YAG End Pumped by Semiconductor Laser Arrays for Free Space Optical Communications

Recent work has indicated that nearly half the light from a GaAlAs laser diode array can be converted to Nd:YAG laser radiation when a tightly focused end pump configuration is utilized. In this configuration the Nd: YAG medium acts as an efficient incoherent to coherent converter of the laser diode light. Experimentally 80 mW CW power in a single mode was achieved with a single semiconductor laser array pump. This corresponds to an overall efficiency of 8.0%. Current work is under way to upscale this device to higher powers.
Production and Emissions of Marine Isoprene and Monoterpenes: A Review

Terrestrial and marine photosynthetic organisms emit trace gases, including isoprene and monoterpenes. The resulting emissions can impact the atmosphere through oxidative chemistry and formation of secondary organic aerosol. Large uncertainty exists as to the magnitude of the marine sources of these compounds, their controlling factors, and contribution to marine aerosol. In recent years, the number of relevant studies has increased substantially, necessitating the review of this topic. Isoprene emissions vary with plankton species, chlorophyll concentration, light, and other factors. Remote marine boundary layer isoprene mixing ratios can reach >300 pptv, and extrapolated global ocean fluxes range from 10 Tg C year−1. Modeling studies using surface chlorophyll concentration as an isoprene emissions proxy suggest variable atmospheric impacts. More information is needed, including emission fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes from various biogeographical areas, the effects of species and nutrient limitation on emissions, and the aerosol yields via condensation and nucleation, in order to better quantify the atmospheric impacts of marine isoprene and monoterpenes.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Assessment of Hyaluronidase among Type Strains of a Select Group of Staphylococcal Species

Hyaluronidases degrade hyaluronic acid, a major polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of tissues, and are considered important for virulence in a number of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hyaluronidase among clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and among other Staphylococcus species. Spent media and chromosomal DNA were assessed for hyaluronidase activity and the absence or presence of a hyaluronidase gene (hysA) by Southern analysis, respectively. All S. aureus strains examined exhibited at least one hybridizing band (half of the strains exhibited two or more hybridizing bands) when probed for hysA and all but three of these strains produced hyaluronidase. In contrast, none of the type strains of 19 other species exhibited either hyaluronidase activity or hybridizing bands when probed for hysA. These data support the hypothesis that among members of the Staphylococcus genus only strains of S. aureus possess the enzyme hyaluronidase. This would suggest that hyaluronidase represents yet another potential virulence factor employed by S. aureus to cause disease and may represent a diagnostically important characteristic for distinguishing S. aureus from other members of this genus.
On the scale dependence of the fractal dimension for bandlimited 1/fα noise

Abstract An analytic approach for the evaluation of the fractal dimension is presented and applied to band-limited 1 f α noise. High and low cutoff frequencies are shown to affect the scaling exponent, which is time-scale dependent. Asymptotic expansions of the fractal dimension are derived and compared to numerical estimations.
A comparison of VLSI architecture of finite field multipliers using dual, normal, or standard bases

Three different finite-field multipliers are presented: (1) a dual-basis multiplier due to E.R. Berlekamp (1982); the Massey-Omura normal basis multiplier; and (3) the Scott-Tavares-Peppard standard basis multiplier. These algorithms are chosen because each has its own distinct features that apply most suitably in particular areas. They are implemented on silicon chips with NMOS technology so that the multiplier most desirable for VLSI implementation can readily be ascertained. >
Usefulness of the TIMI Risk Index in predicting short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

In a cohort of 710 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), we demonstrated that the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Index—a predictor of 30-day mortality in clinical trial patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)—is a strong predictor of short- and long-term mortality with good discrimination ability (c statistics 0.77 to 0.79) among all subtypes of ACSs (STEMI, non-STEMI, and unstable angina pectoris). These results verify the utility of the Risk Index in unselected patients with STEMI, broaden its application to other types of ACSs, and extend its utility to stratification of long-term mortality risk.
Resonantly Coupled Standing Wave Accelerator Structures for Electron and Proton Linac Applications

Standing wave accelerator tanks which utilize non-excited resonant elements for field stabilization have become standard in proton linac designs during the last few years. A general description of resonant coupling, with special emphasis on the energy propagation characteristics of resonantly coupled systems is given. Extension of resonant coupling to the coupling of short 0 or ? mode like sections is briefly discussed. The transient response of two resonantly coupled linac tanks, a post coupled drift tube linac and a side coupled linac tank are compared to conventional 0 or ? mode tank responses. Finally, a brief description of applications of resonantly coupled linac tanks to electron and proton linacs under construction in the U.S. is given.
The Modern Girl and Racial Respectability in 1930s South Africa

This essay rethinks the gender history and historiography of interwar sub-Saharan Africa by deploying the heuristic device of the ‘modern girl’ to consider how global circuits of representation and commerce informed this period of gender tumult. This device has been developed by a research group at the University of Washington to understand the global emergence during the 1920s and 1930s of female figures identified by their cosmopolitan look, their explicit eroticism and their use of specific commodities. Previous scholarship has suggested that a black modern girl imbricated in international circuits of images, ideologies and commodities only became visible in southern Africa in the post-Second World War period. Yet, analysis of the black newspaper Bantu World reveals the emergence of such a figure by the early 1930s. The modern girl heuristic helps to situate race as a key category of analysis in scholarship on women and gender in interwar Africa as contemporaries consistently debated her in racial terms. In South Africa, some social observers saw African young women’s school education, professional careers and cosmopolitan look as contributing to ‘racial uplift’. Others accused the African modern girl of ‘prostituting’ her sex and race by imitating white, coloured or Indian women, and by delaying or avoiding marriage, dressing provocatively and engaging in premarital and inter-racial sex. Cosmetics use was one of the most contentious issues surrounding the black modern girl because it drew attention to the phenotypic dimensions of racial distinctions. By analysing a beauty contest in Bantu World together with articles and letters on, and advertisements for, cosmetics, this essay demonstrates how, in white-dominated segregationist South Africa, the modern girl emerged through and posed challenges to categories of race and respectability.
Citizenship for All in the Literate Community: An Ethnography of Young Children with Significant Disabilities in Inclusive Early Childhood Settings

In this study, Christopher Kliewer, Linda Fitzgerald, Jodi Meyer-Mork, Patresa Hartman, Pat English-Sand, and Donna Raschke use ethnographic methods to explore literacy development in young children considered to have significant disabilities. The study settings included nine preschool and kindergarten classrooms across five programs, all of which involved children with and without disabilities learning side-byside. Over the course of two school years, the authors observed teachers emphasizing children's narratives, and in so doing effectively fostering the citizenship of all children in the literate communities of the classrooms under study. The authors describe several themes that appeared in their data related to fostering effective literacy development in children historically segregated from rich curricular opportunities. In this effort, defining literacy as making meaning and interpreting children with disabilities as competent meaning-makers was foremost.
The Anchor Graft: A Technique for Pinched Nasal Tip and/or Retracted Nasal Ala

The use of a modified tip graft we termed the “anchor graft” for correction of nasal tip deformities is highlighted. This modified infratip shield graft can be used to caudally position the retracted lower lateral cartilage and reverse the pinched appearance of collapsed alar rims. By adjusting the positioning of the graft, tip projection and infratip fullness can be increased, as with a standard shield graft. Use of the anchor graft can aid in cosmetic modification of the nasal tip as well as functional and aesthetic appearance of the nasal ala and external nasal valve
Joint channel-symbol estimation for high-performance differential MIMO

Joint channel-symbol estimation has been recently applied to a differential unitary space-time coded Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system in order to reduce the SNR penalty of differential encoding relative to coherent communications. Using unitary codes restricts the data rate to one symbol per channel use. A block differential MIMO technique was presented in which allows the use of non-orthogonal full-rate full-diversity codes. In this paper joint channel-symbol estimation is used to reduce the SNR penalty of the block differential MIMO system. A computationally efficient suboptimal detection algorithm is presented.
Lower Federal Court Judicial Confirmation Fights: A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature and Future Research Directions

A lot has been written over the years about U.S. Supreme Court confirmation battles, but the literature on lower federal court confirmation fights is relatively less bountiful. However, in recent years, scholars have increasingly focused on the lower court confirmation process. A review of the recent literature reveals that there are more survey reports, law review articles, and opinion pieces than more complex quantitative analyses of lower court confirmation fights. Moreover, research results generated by the literature are widely divergent and, at times, inconsistent.Given that we are now approximately twenty years into the period of heightened interest in quantitative analyses of the confirmation process, it is useful to take stock of the state of political science literature in this area, and to highlight where scholarly interest appears to be going in the near future. A contemporary assessment of the state of the field should be of interest and use to scholars of American politics generally, due to the relevance of all three branches in selecting lower court judges. Here, we dissect the recent empirical literature and offer suggestions for future research. Most significantly, we offer a one-stop shop for scholars to have a comprehensive understanding of the current literature.
The top five problems that motivated my work [data visualisation]

Theresa-Marie Rhyne has lately been organizing efforts for a number of researchers to produce lists of top visualization problems. This visualization viewpoints column is a look back at the top five problems that drove our work developing Vis5D, Cave5D, and VisAD. Some of these problems are high-minded and some are grubby and gritty.
Extrapolation in Geologic Fabrics

Fabrics are three-dimensional and geometrically complex. They can be resolved into fabric elements, the simplest constituents of compound fabrics. The fabric elements can range from geometrically simple structures with families of planes or lines to complex structures with families of more or less regularly curved, congruent or incongruent surfaces or lines. The fabric elements are understood more easily if one projects derived families of parallel lines (axes) with well-defined geometric relations to the fabric itself into them. As fabric elements become more complex, these axes can degenerate into discrete lines or curves with a definite position. The purely geometrical character of Sander9s fold axis β is confirmed, and the stacking axis α is defined. These axes may coexist in certain fabric elements and together define a family of parallel planes, the axial plane. Individual members of the penetrative family of axial planes are singled out as axial surfaces, such as the axial hinge surface. Other discrete axial surfaces result from the coexistence of discrete axial lines or curves with a penetrative axis. One can extrapolate along axes, axial planes, and axial surfaces. They are, therefore, important for the geologist whose knowledge by observation is always restricted to the small accessible part of his object. Examples demonstrate application of geometry to specific geological problems, ranging from current bedding to refolded folds and the position of oil traps.
Synthesizing DSP architectures from behavioral specifications: a formal approach

A formal behavioral synthesis framework is introduced for specification, simulation, and synthesis of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. The given algorithm is represented using a newly developed language called the algorithm specification language (ASL). The components and connectivity of the synthesized architecture can be represented in three different forms: a language called the realization specification language (RSL), schematic captures, and PROLOG. PROLOG is used as a user interface language between the user subsystem and the synthesis subsystem. Algorithms of linear time complexity are introduced for transferring between different representations. >
Exact signal recovery from sparsely corrupted measurements through the Pursuit of Justice

Compressive sensing provides a framework for recovering sparse signals of length N from M ≪ N measurements. If the measurements contain noise bounded by ∈, then standard algorithms recover sparse signals with error at most C∈. However, these algorithms perform suboptimally when the measurement noise is also sparse. This can occur in practice due to shot noise, malfunctioning hardware, transmission errors, or narrowband interference. We demonstrate that a simple algorithm, which we dub Justice Pursuit (JP), can achieve exact recovery from measurements corrupted with sparse noise. The algorithm handles unbounded errors, has no input parameters, and is easily implemented via standard recovery techniques.
Quaternary tectonic faulting in the Eastern United States

Abstract Paleoseismological study of geologic features thought to result from Quaternary tectonic faulting can characterize the frequencies and sizes of large prehistoric and historical earthquakes, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of seismic-hazard assessments. Greater accuracy and precision can reduce the likelihood of both underprotection and unnecessary design and construction costs. Published studies proposed Quaternary tectonic faulting at 31 faults, folds, seismic zones, and fields of earthquake-induced liquefaction phenomena in the Appalachian Mountains and Coastal Plain. Of the 31 features, seven are of known origin. Four of the seven have nontectonic origins and the other three features are liquefaction fields caused by moderate to large historical and Holocene earthquakes in coastal South Carolina, including Charleston; the Central Virginia Seismic Zone; and the Newbury, Massachusetts, area. However, the causal faults of the three liquefaction fields remain unclear. Charleston has the highest hazard because of large Holocene earthquakes in that area, but the hazard is highly uncertain because the earthquakes are uncertainly located. Of the 31 features, the remaining 24 are of uncertain origin. They require additional work before they can be clearly attributed either to Quaternary tectonic faulting or to nontectonic causes. Of these 24, 14 features, most of them faults, have little or no published geologic evidence of Quaternary tectonic faulting that could indicate the likely occurrence of earthquakes larger than those observed historically. Three more features of the 24 were suggested to have had Quaternary tectonic faulting, but paleoseismological and other studies of them found no evidence of large prehistoric earthquakes. The final seven features of uncertain origin require further examination because all seven are in or near urban areas. They are the Moodus Seismic Zone (Hartford, Connecticut), Dobbs Ferry fault zone and Mosholu fault (New York City), Lancaster Seismic Zone and the epicenter of the shallow Cacoosing Valley earthquake (Lancaster and Reading, Pennsylvania), Kingston fault (central New Jersey between New York and Philadelphia), and Everona fault–Mountain Run fault zone (Washington, D.C., and Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia).
Association of Src-like protein tyrosine kinases with the CD2 cell surface molecule in rat T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

Abstract The cell surface molecule CD2 has a signaling role in the activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Because perturbation of CD2 leads to the appearance of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, we investigated the possibility that CD2 associates with cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. As determined by in vitro kinase assays and phosphoamino acid analysis, protein tyrosine kinase activity coprecipitated with CD2 from rat T lymphocytes, T lymphoblasts, thymocytes, interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells, and RNK-16 cells (a rat natural killer cell line). In each case, both p56lck and p59fyn were identified in the CD2 immunoprecipitate. In the thymus, the association between CD2 and these kinases occurred predominately in a small subset of thymocytes that had the cell surface phenotype of mature T cells, indicating that the association is a regulated event and occurs late in T-cell ontogeny. The finding that CD2 is associated with p56lck and p59fyn in detergent lysates suggests that interactions with these Src-like protein kinases play a critical role in CD2-mediated signal transduction.
Petrogenesis of the Lien peridotite and associated eclogites, Almklovdalen, Western Norway

Abstract Core and rim compositions of minerals in garnet-bearing assemblages in the Lien peridotite define a retrograde metamorphic trend from 820° C, 28.1 kbar, to 645° C, 17.6 kbar. Eclogites in Basal Gneiss near the peridotite contain a record of prograde metamorphism which converges with the retrograde trend of the ultramafic rocks. The Lien peridotite appears to have been derived from the upper mantle under eclogite facies conditions and emplaced into unusually thick continental crust during a Caledonian eclogite facies metamorphic event.
Wanted: special-purpose robots automating life science wet lab workflows.

Compared with manufacturing and service industries, the life science R&D industry in general is lagging behind in terms of utilizing large-scale industrial automation for productivity, capacity and quality improvements. Granted, the exploratory and dynamic nature of life science R&D dictates that for most life science R&D projects that come and go, there is not a fixed procedure to begin with, and there is no way to predict how a project is going to end up either. This uncertainty makes automation of general life science R&D workflows difficult. Still, life scientists around the world are working hard to isolate, extract and automate the portions of the workflow that can be automated [1]. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the automation of analytical separation and detection, data acquisitions and downstream data extraction and processing. Relatively speaking, the progress of automating life science wet lab workflows has been much slower, due largely to the lackluster tools available.
Use of a DeVita pin to maintain reduction of a dislocated total hip prosthesis in a dog.

A DeVita pin was used to maintain reduction of a traumatically dislocated uncemented total hip prosthesis, five weeks after implantation.
Mapping the configuration dependence of electronic coupling in organic semiconductors

The ability to effectively transport charge carriers is often a key determinant concerning the deployment of materials derived from π-conjugated molecules and polymers in (opto)electronic applications. Theoretical models to evaluate charge-carrier transport parameters across a range of organic materials often work under the approximation of evaluating the intermolecular electronic couplings for supermolecular complexes (i.e. dimers) in the neutral state. Here, we investigate how the explicit inclusion of the nature of the charged state (i.e. both the neutral and radical-cation states) impacts the assessment of the intermolecular electronic couplings, and how considerations of the density functionals often used to determine these couplings effect the computed magnitude. From a materials perspective, we explore the role that the dimer configuration plays in determining the magnitudes of the electronic couplings for oligoacenes. The results suggest that appropriate consideration of translational alignment along the long and short acene axes, even in configurations with near perpendicular edge-to-face interactions, can lead to molecular packing arrangements in the solid state with large electronic couplings. These results give insight into ways to fine tune solid-state molecular packing to ensure the highest possible electronic couplings.
Using eQTLs to Reconstruct Gene Regulatory Networks

In recent years, a new type of experiment has emerged. It involves genetic crosses and simultaneous measurements of the genome-wide gene expression and genotype information of the offspring. In this chapter, I discuss how to reconstruct gene regulatory networks from this type of data. Subheading 1 provides an overview of the topic. In Subheading 2, I review previous methods of constructing gene networks from expression data alone and point out the difficulties of inferring causal relationships from observational studies. I also introduce the concept of Mendelian randomization of genotypes during a genetic cross. Based on this concept, several methods have been proposed that utilize the genetically randomized genotype information (expression quantitative trait loci information) to infer gene regulatory relationships. Subheading 3 describes the development and details of these methods. I also discuss the pros and cons of each. Subheading 4 addresses a major challenge of inferring gene regulation: how to adequately consider the existence of hidden variables, and points out that further research is still needed.
Correlates of sociometric status in Russian preschoolers: Aggression, victimization, and sociability

Abstract Few studies have assessed behavioral correlates of preschool children's peer sociometric status in cultures outside North America. This study focuses on 221 Russian preschoolers (108 boys, 113 girls). Correlates included physical and relational forms of aggression/victimization and sociable behavior. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) established that study instruments originally developed with U.S. preschoolers worked well in Russia. Findings in regard to aggression, sociability, and victimization were generally consistent with previous research with American and Italian preschoolers, particularly in regard to controversial status children. Our findings further challenge the notion that controversial children are consistently savvy in their social interactions. They and rejected children were most likely to be physically and relationally victimized by their peers.
Theatre curriculum in the US: a great tasting sandwich on stale bread

ABSTRACTThis essay considers the role that local control, poverty, access and policy play in providing drama/theatre education opportunities to students in the US. It examines how state and federal initiatives shape and determine the curriculum. While there are studies that suggest robust theatre education in the US, these findings are complicated when poverty statistics are superimposed upon them revealing inequitable access to theatre curricula. Additionally, race and class influence one's access to in-school theatre curricula. Beyond simply a skills-based definition, maintaining a broad understanding of theatre determines how teachers can impact curricula through adaptation and student-centred practices.
Neoliberalism, the homeland security state, and the authoritarian turn

This article interrogates the writings of Milton Friedman and Samuel Huntington to theorize the cultural and ideological processes that gave rise to the homeland security state, a complex and integral configuration of the modern capitalist state that has come to police migrants in multiple realms. Though I discuss some of the major policies and institutional shifts that were central to the forging of the homeland security state from the 1980s to the early twenty-first century, I argue that such policies could not be separated from the authoritarian turn in civil society; that is a cultural and ideological tendency to support the use of violence and repression to deal with dissent and social problems writ large. I also argue that the authoritarian turn should be viewed as the civil society-based cultural and ideological counterpart of “authoritarian statism,” a concept developed by the Greek political theorist Nicos Poulantzas to characterize a repressive form of governance that can exist within the legal framework of a constitutional democracy. The article concludes with some notes about what the authoritarian turn and statism means for the migrant rights movement and parallel social movements in light of President Obama’s Deferred Action for Parental Accountability.
Ethylene Propylene Vinylcyclohexene Terpolymers

Abstract 4-Vinylcyclohexene reacts via the vinyl group with ethylene and propylene in a Ziegler-type polymerization to form an elastomeric terpolymer. The reactivity of vinylcyclohexene in this polymerization is lower than that of 1,4-hexadiene and norbornene by a factor of about 7 and 70, respectively. Ethylene propylene vinylcyclohexene terpolymers respond poorly to typical EPDM sulfur vulcanization systems but react well with a catalyzed resin system or a peroxide recipe.
Su River Dialects in Postponed Phenomena

Su River dialect like "Ngau Kwu,Ngau Po" etc,from the postponed identification point of view,belongs to the core-attribute structure.This is a pragmatic postponed phenomenon highlighting the speaker's expression of intention.
Hot standby method for microcomputer-based double-channel excitation regulator

A double-channel hot standby method is proposed,equiping two excitation regulators for each ex- citation system,on-line and hot-standby.The master chip of the regulator detects the working states of both regulators,executes logic arbitration and changeover control,without extra logic arbitration circuit.A more reliable control and locking mode is designed for the triggering pulse of thyristor,which is realized by hardware logic circuit.The structure of excitation system with two regulators is presented,together with the logic signal interface circuit between two channels and the second control circuit of triggering pulse. Test and applications in medium and small power stations prove its effectiveness.
Codon 13 KRAS mutation predicts patterns of recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.

Background Investigations regarding the impact of tumor biology after surgical management of colorectal liver metastasis have focused largely on overall survival. We investigated the impact of codon-specific KRAS mutations on the rates and patterns of recurrence in patients after surgery for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Methods All patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for CRLM between 2002 and 2015 at Johns Hopkins who had available data on KRAS mutation status were identified. Clinico-pathologic data, recurrence patterns, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results A total of 512 patients underwent resection only (83.2%) or resection plus radiofrequency ablation (16.8%). Although 5-year overall survival was 64.6%, 284 (55.5%) patients recurred with a median RFS time of 18.1 months. The liver was the initial recurrence site for 181 patients, whereas extrahepatic recurrence was observed in 162 patients. Among patients with an extrahepatic recurrence, 102 (63%) had a lung recurrence. Although overall KRAS mutation was not associated with overall RFS (P = 0.186), it was independently associated with a worse extrahepatic (P = 0.004) and lung RFS (P = 0.007). Among patients with known KRAS codon-specific mutations, patients with codon 13 KRAS mutation had a worse 5-year extrahepatic RFS (P = 0.01), whereas codon 12 mutations were not associated with extrahepatic (P = 0.11) or lung-specific recurrence rate (P = 0.24). On multivariable analysis, only codon 13 mutation independently predicted worse overall extrahepatic RFS (P = 0.004) and lung-specific RFS (P = 0.023). Conclusions Among patients undergoing resection of CRLM, overall KRAS mutation was not associated with RFS. KRAS codon 13 mutations, but not codon 12 mutations, were associated with a higher risk for overall extrahepatic recurrence and lung-specific recurrence. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2698-2707. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Advanced structural ceramics in aerospace propulsion.

Humankind's aerospace aspirations are placing unprecedented demands on vehicle propulsion systems. Advanced structural ceramics are playing a key role in addressing these challenges.
Acute Pelvic Pain in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

Pelvic pain in pediatric and adolescent females is a common complaint in the emergent setting. This chapter reviews the broad differential diagnosis, including conditions affecting pre- and postpubertal patients. The approach to a targeted physical exam in pediatric patients is discussed, in addition to the recommended diagnostic assessment, including tumor markers for pelvic masses. Management strategies for genital outflow tract obstruction, adnexal masses, and adnexal torsion in this specific patient population are reviewed.
Online optimal gait generation for bipedal walking robots using legendre pseudospectral optimization

This paper presents an optimal gait synthesis method that exploits the full body dynamics of robots using the Hybrid Zero Dynamics (HZD) control framework and—for the first time—experimentally realizes online HZD gait generation for a planar underactuated robot. Hybrid zero dynamics is an established theoretical framework that formally enables stable control of dynamic locomotion by enforcing virtual constraints through feedback controllers. An essential part of successfully realizing dynamic walking with HZD framework is determining parameters of the virtual constraints that satisfy hybrid invariant condition via nonlinear constrained optimization. Due to the complexity of the full hybrid system model of the robot, these optimization problems often suffer from slow convergence and local minima. In this paper, we improve the reliability of the HZD gait optimization and significantly increase the convergence speed by taking advantage of the direct transcription formulation and the exponential convergence of the global orthogonal collocation (a.k.a. pseudospectral) method. As a result, generating HZD gaits online becomes feasible with an average computation time less than 0.5 seconds, as will be demonstrated experimentally on a bipedal robot.
Erasing the Scarlet Letter: How Positive Media Messages About Sex Can Lead to Better Sexual Health Among College Men and Women

ABSTRACTThis study explores how positive media messages about sex can lead to better sexual health among young adults (college students at a large university, N = 228) by de-emphasizing sensation seeking, condom embarrassment, and stigma. Employing social learning theory and normative influence frameworks, the research found that college-age women had higher stigma (β =.22, t = 3.37, p <.001 for felt stigma) and lower sensation seeking (β = –.34, t = −3.17, p <.01). Participants exposed to more media in some forms (e.g., news reading, β = –.131, t = −1.94, p =.05) had less felt self-stigma. Thus, exposure to media, such as TV and media, and positive messages could encourage healthy sexual behavior in young women (around college age).
Mood Congruity of Social Judgments

This chapter reviews an emotion-network theory and associated research showing several domains in which social judgments and choices are influenced in a mood-congruous direction. In recent years, a relatively large research literature has accumulated investigating the impact of emotional states on social judgments and choices. In reviewing the literature on mood-congruity biases in social judgments, author have been struck by the parallel or similarity between the theory and data in favor of the mood-congruity hypothesis and those in favor of the cognitive consistency or dissonance theory of attitude maintenance. According to cognitive consistency theory, having a strongly held attitude on a personally significant topic should predispose one to an interrelated set of biases. The loss of interest in social activities is a familiar hallmark of the depressed person.
Frequent BRAFV600E mutations in hyperplastic ACF with a serrated phenotype

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 5250 ACF are putative precancerous lesions that can be identified within the colonic mucosa of human subjects using magnifying endoscopy and methylene blue staining. Despite their relatively common occurrence, there remain many questions regarding their molecular pathogenesis and biological outcome. Within individual patients where multiple ACF were identified, we sought to ask several fundamental questions with respect to key tumor-related genes involved in colon cancer. In the following study, we examined 40 ACF collected during screening colonoscopy from a total of 27 patients (5 at normal-risk, 22 at elevated-risk). Following laser capture microdissection of lesions, DNA was isolated and direct PCR-sequencing was used to determine mutational changes in KRAS and APC. Mutations at exon 15, codon 600, of BRAF were assayed using an allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) technique and confirmed in a sample of AS-PCR-positive cases by direct sequencing of exon 15. We also examined microsatellite instability (MSI) in five target sequences (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) in a total of 34 ACF. A BRAF or KRAS mutation was present in 56% (18/32) of hyperplastic ACF and 25% (2/8) of dysplastic ACF. When hyperplastic ACFs were further classified into serrated and non-serrated categories, BRAFV600E mutation was exhibited in 7/9 serrated and in 0/17 non-serrated; conversely KRAS mutations were present in 6/17 non-serrated compared to 1/9 serrated hyperplastic ACFs. MSI-H was found in 4/27 (15%) hyperplastic ACF and 1/7 (14%) dysplastic ACF examined. MSI-L was found in 1/27 (3.7%) hyperplastic ACF. LOH was found in all four MSI-H hyperplastic ACF. Only one ACF had an APC mutation within the mutation cluster region (mcr), a novel deletion of two adenine bases at codon 1303, resulting in a truncation mutation at codon 1313. MSI was not associated with BRAF mutations in ACF. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature and significance of MSI-H ACF associated with LOH. The findings favor KRAS mutated ACF as probable precursors of the goblet cell variant (GCSP) of hyperplastic polyps and identify BRAFV600E as tightly linked to ACF with a serrated phenotype, and as the likely instigating mutation of the serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma.
Structured Covariances and Related Approximation Questions

Covariance matrices for the state and the output of a linear filter satisfy certain linear constraints dictated by the filter dynamics. Yet, sample covariances often do not. The renewed attention in using state/output statistics for estimating the power spectrum of the input [1, 2] raises the issue of approximating sample statistics so as to abide by the required linear constraints. In the present paper we motivate and formulate relevant questions.
Systematic design of active spaces for multi-reference calculations of singlet-triplet gaps of organic diradicals, with benchmarks against doubly electron-attached coupled-cluster data.

Singlet−triplet gaps in diradical organic π-systems are of interest in many applications. In this study, we calculate them in a series of molecules, including cyclobutadiene and its derivatives and cyclopentadienyl cation, by using correlated participating orbitals within the complete active space (CAS) and restricted active space (RAS) self-consistent field frameworks, followed by second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2 and RASPT2). These calculations are evaluated by comparison with the results of doubly electron-attached (DEA) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) calculations with up to 4-particle–2-hole (4p-2h) excitations. We find active spaces that can accurately reproduce the DEA-EOMCC(4p-2h) data while being small enough to be applicable to larger organic diradicals.
Intra-platoon vehicle sequence optimization for eco-cooperative adaptive cruise control

The Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system has been regarded as an effective solution to increasing the traffic flow efficiency. Today, more and more focus has been concentrated on the environmental sustainability of a CACC system, but very few of them have explored the system-wide strategies to optimize the global environmental sustainability performance of a CACC system, e.g. how to determine the most energy-efficient sequence of vehicles during the lifecycle of a platoon. In this research, we synthetically analyze the platoon-wide impact of the disturbances when vehicles join and leave the Eco-CACC system. A bi-level model is developed to investigate the optimal intra-platoon vehicle sequence (i.e. position in the platoon) when each vehicle joins the platoon to minimize the total of all acceleration, deceleration and cruising maneuvers of the entire platoon. In the lower level, we formulate sub-problems for platoon joining and splitting to figure out minimal energy consumption for gap closing and opening. In the upper level, the set of vehicles' positions when joining the platoon is optimized to determine the most energy-efficient vehicle sequence during the lifecycle of a platoon. Simulation studies of different scenarios are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink. As shown in the numerical results, the optimal solution leads to 51–77% saving on incremental energy consumed from gap opening and closing.