cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Melting of Rodlike Molecules on Pt(111). Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Isotopically Labeled n-Alkanes

The melting of monolayers of isotopically labeled n-alkanes on Pt(111) surfaces has been followed by reflection−absorption infrared (RAIR) spectroscopy, and the results are compared with those of an earlier study of the unlabeled molecules (J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 15629−15278). Temperature-dependent studies show that monolayers of the n-octane isotopolog, CD3(CH2)6CD3, melt on Pt(111) from a two-dimensionally ordered phase to one having one-dimensional order (“hexatic”) near 220 K, a temperature essentially identical to that seen for unlabeled n-octane. The RAIR spectra of the labeled molecules generally confirm (but in one case clarify an overly simplistic interpretation of) the assignments of the bands made in the earlier study. Specifically, the assignment of a low-frequency “softened” mode near 2760 cm-1 to a νCH stretch for proximal (i.e., surface-contacting) methylene C−H bonds has been verified. A feature near 2900 cm-1 had previously been assigned to a distal methylene C−H stretch, and the line w...
Convective heat transfer measurement involving flow past stationary circular disks

Considerable empirical data exist in the literature for forced convection heat transfer involving external flow over a variety of geometries, and for various ranges of Reynolds number. This author is not aware of any published empirical data for forced convection heat transfer involving flow past a simple stationary circular disk, whose axis is perpendicular to the flow. Such is the purpose of this paper.
Algorithm 447: efficient algorithms for graph manipulation

Efficient algorithms are presented for partitioning a graph into connected components, biconnected components and simple paths. The algorithm for partitioning of a graph into simple paths of iterative and each iteration produces a new path between two vertices already on paths. (The start vertex can be specified dynamically.) If V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges, each algorithm requires time and space proportional to max (V, E) when executed on a random access computer.
Paranoid pseudocommunity beliefs in a sect milieu.

A shared paranoid belief system was identified among members of a sect-like group. The imagined “paranoid pseudocommunity” includes both persecutorial conspiracies and networks extending and supporting the group. Delusional hypotheses are frequently reorganized within this paradigm, as are accompanying verbal styles. A paranoid perceptual and cognitive style is maintained by leader influence, information-processing roles of members, and the dogmatic, insular, elitist, and antagonistic qualities of this encapsulated subculture.
Detector integration time issues associated with FLIR performance

IR detector integration time is determined by a combination of the scene or target radiance, the noise of the sensor, and the sensor sensitivity. Typical LWIR detectors such as those used in most U.S. military systems can operate effectively with integration times in the microsecond region. MWIR detectors require much longer integration times (up to several milliseconds) under some conditions to achieve good Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD). Emerging 3rd Generation FLIR systems incorporate both MWIR and LWIR detectors. The category of sensors know as uncooled LWIR require thermal time constants, similar to integration time, in the millisecond range to achieve acceptable good NETD. These longer integration times and time constants would not limit performance in a purely static environment, but target or sensor motion can induce blurring under some circumstances. A variety of tasks and mission scenarios were analyzed to determine the integration time requirements for combinations of sensor platform movement and look angle. These were then compared to the typical integration times for MWIR and LWIR detectors to establish the suitability of each band for the functions considered.
Fragmenting American myths: ideology and counter-ideology in the documentary films of Frederick Wiseman, Louis Malle and Michael Moore

Wiseman, Malle and Moore use the documentary genre to question tenets of the predominant American ideology, intercepting, capturing and halting its mechanisms by highlighting scenes of subversion in the context of various American institutions. Each film discussed here – High School (1968), God’s Country (1986) and Bowling for Columbine (2002) – focuses on concepts of American manufacturing and production to reveal the dangers and weaknesses of the ruling rhetoric, exposes the ‘truth’ behind the myths and provides counter-ideological alternatives to replace the myths that each film upends.
Hybridizing Puerto Ricanness

Frances Negron-Muntaner's Brincando el charco is a film that brings up suggestive questions about the n truction and reconfiguration of the cinematic modalities of fiction and non-fiction.1 The fact that the film blurs the lines between documentary and (melo) dramatic narrative aligns this text with the political projects of cinematic practices and academic frameworks such as the New Latin American Cinema (particularly through the concept of "Imperfect Cinema"), the New Queer Cinema, Teshome Gabriel's specific iteration of Third Cinema, and Hamid Naficy's Accented Cinema.2 However, the task at hand is to review Brincando el charco and propose how it dialogues with the Caribbean. Elsewhere, I have argued that Caribbean film and video need to be understood as part of larger creolization processes that involve the configuration and constant reinvention?that is, in the imaging and imagining?of transnational cultural communities emerging from or historically connected to the geopolitical area known as the Caribbean (Blasini 2008). These cinematic creolization processes become apparent in the characterization of historical revisions, narrative constructions and cinematic representations that engage the social, political and cultural processes of Caribbean syncretism. In this sense, the formation and constant transformation?in other words, the hybridity?of Caribbean cultures could be traced through different narrative and representational tactics, particularly those connected to rescuing and giving voice to the stories and cultural manifestations that have been suppressed, erased or forgotten by Eurocentric and normative versions of the region's history. In the case of Brincando el charco, Negron-Muntaner opens up cultural spaces for the expression of distinct versions of "Puerto Ricanness"?par ticularly in terms of race, ethnicity and queerness?that have emerged as a result of migrations to the U.S., especially those that have been taking place since the 1980s. In addition, she suggests the possibility of creating alliances with other groups (e.g. certain sectors of the African American community) who share cultural affinities stemming from larger collective historical experiences common to the Caribbean region.
Intelligent System Modelling of a Three-dimensional Ultrasonic Positioning System using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms

AbstractThis paper presents a neural network model for a three-dimensional ultrasonic position estimation system that uses the difference in the time of arrivals of waves from a transmitter to various receivers. Even though a linearized analytical model for the three-dimensional system exists and is currently being used to estimate the position of the transmitter, its accuracy is highly dependent on complex and time consuming signal conditioning. A neural network approach is developed to train the system based on unconditioned training sets obtained directly from the receivers. It is proposed to use the final trained system to estimate the three-dimensional position in real time using these raw signals, thereby simplifying the hardware and the computational software as well as increasing the update rate. The weights of the neural network are obtained from a traditional back-progation method and by using genetic algorithms. Results for one-, two- and three-dimensional systems are presented as proof of conc...
OPENING DOORS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES ON COMMUNITY COLLEGE CAMPUSES: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? WHAT DO WE STILL NEED TO KNOW?

This article reviews the Community College Journal of Research and Practice research articles related to students with disabilities and establishes a focused research agenda addressing the issues either found in, or absent from, the articles. Using a modified qualitative methodology, three common themes were found: (a) campus factors supporting student success, (b) participant label ambiguities, and (c) research methodology selection. It is concluded that there is a continued need for research addressing staff development, accommodations, needs of specific disability groups, self-advocacy and self-determination approaches, and participant-oriented research methodologies used to serve students well.
Use of an integrated mercury food web model for ecological risk assessment.

We developed an integrated food web model for mercury, using the CATS (Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial ecoSytems) model developed by Traas and co-workers (Traas, T.P.; Stab, J.A.; Kramer, P.R.G.; Cofino, W.P.; Aldenberg, T. Modeling and risk assessment of tributyltin accumulation in the food web of a shallow freshwater lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30 (4), 1227-1237). It was translated into the MatLab mathematical programming language and been adapted for the modeling of mercury. Mercury CATS now models four species of mercury (unreactive mercury, zero valent mercury, divalent mercury, and methylmercury) and their environmental and interactions using the mercury speciation kinetics model article by Bale (Bale, A.E. Modeling aquatic mercury fate in Clear Lake, Calif. J. Env. Eng. 2000, 126 (2), 153-163.) as a guideline. The mercury cycling kinetics include methylation of divalent mercury, photo-oxidation of zero valent mercury, reduction of divalent mercury, adsorption and desorption of divalent and methylmercury, volatilization of zero valent mercury, and uptake into the food web. A lake food web consisting of phytoplankton, rooted vegetation, zooplankton, crayfish, freshwater clams, amphipods, chironomids, eels, killifish, bass, and ospreys traces growth of the various compartments, uptake of both divalent and methylmercury, and the movement of both divalent and methylmercury through the food web via feeding relationships. This model design is sufficiently flexible that the incorporation of new scientific information can be easily done as our understanding of both the organisms and mercury's environmental chemistry increases.
In vivo assessment of opioid agonists and antagonists on ovarian maturation in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus chrkii

Abstract The possible involvement of an endogenous opioid system in the regulation of ovarian development in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii , was investigated in vivo . Injections of the opioid, methionine (Met) enkephalin, into females significantly slowed ovarian maturation in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, injection of the general opioid antagonist, naloxone, produced dose-dependent ovarian maturation. Furthermore, the highly selective delta opioid receptor agonist, DADLE, also inhibited ovarian maturation, whereas a highly selective delta receptor antagonist, ICI-174,864, stimulated ovarian maturation. In view of these results and the fact that Met-enkephalin is a relatively selective delta receptor agonist, we hypothesize that in the crayfish the inhibitory effect of Met-enkephalin involves this type of binding site. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the inhibitory action of these opioids is due to either (a) stimulation of release of the gonad-inhibiting hormone, (b) inhibition of release of the gonad-stimulating hormone or (c) both (a) and (b).
Survival of Lake Trout Eggs on Reputed Spawning Grounds in Lakes Huron and Superior: in situ Incubation, 1987–1988

Lake trout reproduce widely in Lake Superior but little in Lake Huron. We examined whether survival of lake trout eggs and fry in either lake was reduced by physical disturbances and swim-up mortality. Eggs were collected from feral lake trout in Lake Superior and placed in 108 plastic incubators. A total of 48 incubators was set at Partridge Island Reef in southern Lake Superior, 48 were set at Port Austin Reef in southern Lake Huron, and 12 were held as controls inflowing well water at a laboratory. Survival-to-hatching of these eggs at Partridge Island Reef (18%) was significantly different from that at Port Austin Reef (43%) and significantly different in the laboratory (88%) from that at either reef (P < 0.05). During egg-fry incubation from 28 October 1987 to 5 May 1988, 11–18 cm of sediment accumulated in sediment traps placed on the reefs but < 1 cm of sediment was present on each reef in May 1988. Analysis showed that 44% of the eggs at Port Austin Reef and 28% of those at Partridge Island Reef were buried and killed by sediments. During the first week after deployment, mean wave energy was 90% higher at Partridge Island Reef and significantly different from that at Port Austin Reef. Wave energy may be a habitat condition that makes Partridge Island Reef less suitable than Port Austin Reef for incubation of lake trout eggs. Fry from eggs incubated at all three sites experienced no swim-up mortality. We conclude that in 1987–88 habitat conditions required for survival of lake trout eggs were more suitable at Port Austin Reef than at Partridge Island Reef.
Are required courses meeting industry demands

In electrical engineering, the undergraduate curriculum is well defined but the course layout can cause students to lack the skills industry expects of interns and new full time employees. With their specific expectations, industry influences the choices that students make concerning internships, co-ops or even entering the workforce before finishing school. Does the university course layout enhance skills and knowledge or hinder students' preparation for industry? Most engineering programs recommend an internship to gain the soft skills needed to 'make it out there'. Most internships or co-ops in the United States are with individual companies. Students work on projects that maintain and develop products. While at the companies, students learn what to expect from that industry and tend to re-evaluate their engineering program on its design and information procedures. Some students then expect more from their university or leave for proffered jobs before getting their degrees. Still others do not have either opportunity. The author describes some of the experiences of internship students.
A delayed LH/FSH rise after gonadectomy and a delayed serum TSH rise after thyroidectomy in monosodium-l-glutamate (MSG)-treated rats

Abstract The serum LH and FSH rise after gonadectomy and the serum TSH rise after thyroidectomy were examined in rats that received monosodium- l -glutamate (MSG) as neonates. The rise in serum gonadotrophins after gonadectomy was significantly delayed in both adult and peripubertal MSG-treated rats when compared to control castrates. Serum LH and FSH levels, however, eventually achieved levels in MSG-treated rats that were not significantly different than those of controls. The serum TSH rise after thyroidectomy was significantly delayed in adult female MSG-treated rats, but not in prepubertal female MSG-treated rats. Pituitary responsiveness to both exogenous LH-RH and TRH was unaffected by neonatal MSG treatment, with one exception: pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH of orchidectomized peripubertal males was blunted significantly. The results are discussed in terms of the possible neurotoxic effects of neonatal MSG treatment, as well as the altered hypothalamic sensitivity to gonadal steroids.
Joseph Tofte Bruns: Wrestling with Big Ideas

Joe Bruns is currently a student in the Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification Program at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The series of work featured in this interview centers on the idea of relationships. Joe explores collective and implicated relationship to the work of Felix Gonzalez-Torres through the reuse of paper taken from Untitled (Veterans Day Sale) 1989 at the Milwaukee Art Museum. One of the artist's “stack” pieces, this sculptural installation is made up of a pile of unlimited edition prints meant to be taken by viewers and replenished from time to time. This interview took place mostly by way of asynchronous e-mail conversations while Joe was in Argentina, followed by face-to-face collaboration on editing and refining the ideas on his return.
Ottawa 2010 Conference - Consensus Statements and Recommendations

For the past 25 years, the Ottawa Conferences on the Assessment of Competence in Medicine and the Healthcare Professions have become a key event in the medical education meeting calendar. Held biennially, they provide a forum for medical and other healthcare professions educators to network and share ideas on all aspects of the assessment of competence in both clinical and non-clinical domains, throughout the continuum of education. The 14th Ottawa Conference was held in Miami from 15 to 19 May 2010 and had more than 1100 registrants from nearly 70 countries. The Miami meeting also represented the 25th anniversary of the Ottawa Conference and the local organizing committee wanted to mark this occasion by instituting a significant product in the form of the creation and publication of a series of Consensus Statements and Recommendations relating to assessment in the healthcare professions. These would provide an opportunity to reflect on what has been developed over the past 25 years and is now seen to be good practice in this area from both national and international perspectives. It would also be an opportunity to identify areas of weakness, challenges or controversies that should be addressed by the international community to further advance the field of assessment. Finally, it would provide areas of priority and focus so that subsequent Ottawa Conferences could build upon this work. The Ottawa Conference Planning Committee considered several themes that would serve as the initial focus for the consensus statements and recommendations. Six themes were chosen, together with a working group that would be responsible for developing a draft set of Consensus Statements and Recommendations in relation to each theme. Six individuals were chosen for their experience, expertise, geographic representation to lead the working groups and the final reports are being published, some in this special issue of Medical Teacher and the remainder in a subsequent issue. They include:
Role of the Varicella-Zoster Virus gB Cytoplasmic Domain in gB Transport and Viral Egress

To study the function of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gB cytoplasmic domain during viral infection, we produced a VZV recombinant virus that expresses a truncated form of gB lacking the C-terminal 36 amino acids of its cytoplasmic domain (VZV gB-36). VZV gB-36 replicates in noncomplementing cells and grows at a rate similar to that of native VZV. However, cells infected with VZVgB-36 form extensive syncytia compared to the relatively small syncytia formed during native VZV infection. In addition, electron microscopy shows that very little virus is present on the surfaces of cells infected with VZV gB-36, while cells infected with native VZV exhibit abundant virions on the cell surface. The C-terminal 36 amino acids of the gB cytoplasmic domain have been shown in transfection-based experiments to contain both an endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport signal (the C-terminal 17 amino acids) and a consensus YXXφ (where Y is tyrosine, X is any amino acid, and φ is any bulky hydrophobic amino acid) signal sequence (YSRV) that mediates the internalization of gB from the plasma membrane. As predicted based on these data, gB-36 expressed during the infection of cultured cells is transported inefficiently to the Golgi. Despite lacking the YSRV signal sequence, gB-36 is internalized from the plasma membrane; however, in contrast to native gB, it fails to localize to the Golgi. Therefore, the C-terminal 36 amino acids of the VZV gB cytoplasmic domain are required for normal viral egress and for both the pre- and post-Golgi transport of gB.
Magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoclusters within microdomains of block copolymers

Abstract The magnetic properties of γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoclusters grown within the microdomains of optically transparent block copolymer films were investigated. SQUID magnetometry and 57 Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy were employed with characteristic measurement times of 100 s and 10 −8 s, respectively. The observed magnetism of the ca. 5 nm diameter particles was dominated by quantum-size effects, collective magnetic excitations, and superparamagnetic relaxation processes associated with the sub-magnetic domain γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoclusters. The combination of these two techniques allowed determination of the values of the magnetic anisotropy constant ( K = 1.58 × 10 5 J/m 3 ) and the pre-exponential factor ( τ 0 = 4.2 × 10 −12 s) which determine the magnetic behavior of the nanocomposites. At low temperatures, the nanocomposite films exhibited hysteresis with the saturated coercivity, H c 0 , equal to 530 Oe.
The complexity of point configurations

Abstract There are several natural ways to extend the notion of the order of points on a line to higher dimensions. This article focuses on three of them—combinatorial type, order type, and isotopy class—and surveys work done in recent years on the efficient encoding of order types and on complexity questions relating to all three classifications.
Effect of acarbose on milk yield and composition in early-lactation dairy cattle fed a ration to induce subacute ruminal acidosis

Subacute ruminal acidosis reduces lactation performance in dairy cattle and most often occurs in animals fed a high concentrate:forage ration with large amounts of readily fermentable starch, which results in increased production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid and a reduction in ruminal pH. Acarbose is commercially available (Glucobay, Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany) and indicated for the control of blood glucose in diabetic patients. In cattle, acarbose acts as an alpha-amylase and glucosidase inhibitor that slows the rate of degradation of starch to glucose, thereby reducing the rate of volatile fatty acid production and maintaining rumen pH at higher levels. The ability of acarbose to reverse the reduced feed intake and milk fat percentage and yield associated with a high concentrate:forage ration with a high risk of inducing subacute ruminal acidosis was evaluated in 2 experiments with lactating dairy cattle. In 2 preliminary experiments, the effects of a 70:30 concentrate:forage ration on ruminal pH and lactation were evaluated. Ruminal pH was monitored in 5 Holstein steers with ruminal cannulas every 10 min for 5 d. Ruminal pH was <5.5 for at least 4 h in 79% of the animal days. In dairy cows, the 70:30 concentrate:forage ration decreased feed intake 5%, milk fat percentage 7%, and milk fat yield 8% compared with a 50:50 concentrate:forage ration but did not affect milk yield. Early lactating dairy cattle were offered the 70:30 concentrate:forage ration with 0 or 0.75 g/d of acarbose added in a crossover design in 2 experiments. In the first experiment, acarbose increased dry matter feed intake (23.1 vs. 21.6 kg/d) and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield (33.7 vs. 31.7 kg/d) because of an increase in percentage milk fat (3.33 vs. 3.04%) compared with control cows. In the second experiment, cows were fasted for 3 h before the morning feeding to induce consumption of a large meal to mimic conditions that might be associated with unplanned delayed feeding. In this experiment, acarbose also increased feed intake (22.5 vs. 21.8 kg/d) and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield (36.9 vs. 33.9 kg/d) due to increased percentage milk fat (3.14 vs. 2.66%) compared with controls. Thus, acarbose reversed the decreased feed intake and low milk fat percentage and yield associated with feeding a high concentrate:forage ration shown to induce subacute ruminal acidosis in Holstein steers.
Latent antibiotics and the potential of the arylomycins for broad-spectrum antibacterial activity

The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens has driven the need for new classes of antibiotics acting by novel mechanisms. The arylomycins are natural product antibiotics that inhibit bacterial type I signal peptidase (SPase), an endoprotease that is required for the translocation of most proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. SPase is a promising antibiotic target due to its essentiality and its conserved and accessible active site. However, the initial reported spectrum of arylomycin activity was surprisingly narrow. The total synthesis of several members of this fascinating family of natural products has allowed for a more thorough study of its activity. It has been shown that their spectrum of activity is much broader than previously believed, and that their activity is generally limited not by factors intrinsic to their scaffold or to SPase as a target, but rather, by specific mutations in SPase. An interesting possibility is that past competition between producer and susceptible strains of bacteria may have led to the development of much of the intrinsic resistance observed today. The arylomycins may thus represent “latent” antibiotics, natural product antibiotics whose scaffolds once possessed potent and broad-spectrum activity, and are more likely to be optimized to again have potent and broad spectrum activity, than candidate scaffolds that have never been antibiotics.
A secondary organic aerosol formation model considering successive oxidation aging and kinetic condensation of organic compounds: global scale implications

Abstract. The widely used two-product secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation model has been extended in this study to consider the volatility changes of secondary organic gases (SOG) arising from the aging process as well as the kinetic condensation of low volatile SOG (LV-SOG). In addition to semi-volatile SOG (SV-SOG) with saturation vapor pressure at 290 K ( C * 290 ) in the range of ~3 ppt–3 ppb and medium-volatile SOG (MV-SOG) with C * 290 in the range of ~0.3–300 ppb, we add a third component representing LV-SOG with C * 290 below ~3 ppt and design a scheme to transfer MV-SOG to SV-SOG and SV-SOG to LV-SOG associated with oxidation aging. This extended SOA formation model has been implemented in a global aerosol model (GEOS-Chem) and the co-condensation of H 2 SO 4 and LV-SOG on pre-existing particles is explicitly simulated. We show that, over many parts of the continents, LV-SOG concentrations are generally a factor of ~2–20 higher than those of H 2 SO 4 and the kinetic condensation of LV-SOG significantly enhances particle growth rates. Comparisons of the simulated and observed evolution of particle size distributions at a boreal forest site (Hyytiala, Finland) clearly show that LV-SOG condensation is critical in order to bring the simulations closer to the observations. With the new SOA formation scheme, annual mean SOA mass increases by a factor of 2–10 in many parts of the boundary layer and reaches above 0.5 μg m −3 in most parts of the main continents, improving the agreement with aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) SOA measurements. While the new scheme generally decreases the concentration of condensation nuclei larger than 10 nm by 3–30% in the lower boundary layer as a result of enhanced surface area and reduced nucleation rates, it substantially increases the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at a water supersaturation ratio of 0.2%, ranging from ~5–20% over a large fraction of oceans and high latitude continents to more than 50% over some parts of South America, Australia, and Indonesia. Our study highlights the importance for global aerosol models to explicitly account for the oxidation aging of SOGs and their contribution to particle growth.
The substrate specificity of isoamylase and the preparation of apo-glycogenin.

Abstract A new facet of the specificity of the glycogen-debranching enzyme, isoamylase, namely, the hydrolysis of a carbohydrate-amino acid linkage, is described. This bond joins the terminal, reducing-end d -glucose unit of glycogen to the hydroxyl group of tyrosine in glycogenin, the primer protein for glycogen biogenesis. The specificity was further defined by demonstrating that 4-nitrophenyl α-maltotrioside and higher homologs also act as substrates. The splitting of the glycogen-glycogenin bond by isoamylase indicates the α-anomeric configuration of the terminal d -glucose unit. It also provides a means of preparing apoglycogenin. Pullulanase, a somewhat similar starch- and glycogen-debranching enzyme, does not split these new isoamylase substrates, permitting the 4-nitrophenyl saccharides to be used in distinguishing between isoamylase and pullulanase.
Trapping site location for Sb in FeTiSbC alloys

Abstract The lattice location of Sb trapped at TiC precipitates in Fe has been determined. Channeling analysis of ion-backscattering and ion-induced characterisstic X-ray yields from Fe and Sb showed a substitutionality of ⩾55% for trapped Sb relative to the Fe lattice for ion beams incident along Fe 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉. In contrast, Ti X-ray yields showed channeling through the oriented TiC precipitates only along Fe 〈100〉. We conclude that Sb is trapped at interfacial Fe sites adjacent to TiC precipitates, rather than within the TiC.
Stereographic Projection in the National Airspace System

Consideration is given to the calculation of stereographic representations of airborne targets from observations of slant range, azimuth, amd altitude in a multiple radar tracking system. Emphasis is placed upon the translation of the accuracy of the surveillance information into the stereographic plane. Applications include air traffic control operations in which calculations must be performed repeatedly in real time for numerous targets without overtaxing available computational resources.
Harmonic Vibrational Frequencies and Force Constants of M(CO)5CX (M = Cr, Mo, W; X = O, S, Se). The Performance of Density Functional Theory and the Influence of Relativistic Effects

We calculated the harmonic force constants and vibrational frequencies of most molecules in the series of M(CO)5CX (M = Cr, Mo, W; X = O, S, Se) by local and gradient-corrected density functional t...
Biological Integrity in Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plains Headwater Streams

The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of using landscape variables in conjunction with water quality and benthic data to efficiently estimate stream condition of select headwater streams in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plains. Eighty-two streams with riffle sites were selected from eight-two independent watersheds across the region for sampling and analyses. Clustering of the watersheds by landscape resulted in three distinct groups (forest, crop, and urban) which coincided with watersheds dominant land cover or use. We used non-parametric analyses to test differences in benthos and water chemistry between groups, and used regression analyses to evaluate responses of benthic communities to water chemistry within each of the landscape groups. We found that typical water chemistry measures associated with urban runoff such as specific conductance and dissolved chloride were significantly higher in the urban group. In the crop group, we found variables commonly associated with farming such as nutrients and pesticides significantly greater than in the other two groups. Regression analyses demonstrated that the numbers of tolerant and facultative macroinvertebrates increased significantly in forested watersheds with small shifts in pollutants, while in human use dominated watersheds the intolerant macroinvertebrates were more sensitive to shifts in chemicals present at lower concentrations. The results from this study suggest that landscape based clustering can be used to link upstream landscape characteristics, water chemistry and biotic integrity in order to assess stream condition and likely cause of degradation without the use of reference sites. Notice: Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy.
Two‐way traffic in loop service systems

A model for a communication system which consists of a computer and a number of buffered terminals connected by means of a loop channel is analyzed. Data flows in two directions: from the computer to the terminals and from the terminals to the computer. The channel is alternately available to the computer and the terminals to effect these data transfers. The transient behavior of the system is determined and the stationary or limiting expected queue lengths at all terminals are calculated.
Quantitative studies of tubular immune complex formation and clearance in rats

Quantitative studies of tubular immune complex formation and clearance in rats. Tubular antibody deposition and clearance was quantitatively studied using affinity-purified rabbit antibodies to rat Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH), a surface membrane glycoprotein of the tubular cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Immune complexes are formed in situ at the base of these cells in rats injected with antisera to TH. The renal binding of I 125 -anti-TH was determined in pair label studies. Kidneys and other organs were removed from groups of rats for isotope counting at four hours to 14 days after an injection of I 125 -anti-TH and I 131 -normal rabbit IgG. The greatest total renal anti-TH binding after injection of 500 µg of anti-TH was observed at 24 hours in normal rats (18.55 ± 1.6 µg). During the period of most rapid clearance (day 2 to day 7) the half life of renal anti-TH binding (84.2 hours) and the half life of anti-TH in the serum (68.5 hours) were shorter than that of IgG in the serum (117.8 hours). There was no substantial uptake of anti-TH by other organs. A close relationship between serum levels and renal uptake of anti-TH at 24 hours was also observed in rats given from 50 to 6000 µg of anti-TH; renal saturation was evident only at the highest dose. This close relationship was also present during the clearance phase in rats injected with 3700 µg of anti-TH; the half life of anti-TH was 96.2 hours in kidneys and 110 hours in serum while the half life of rabbit IgG in serum was 151.8 hours. Markedly increased renal uptake of anti-TH was observed in proteinuric rats with passive Heymann nephritis. In very proteinuric rats, 14.1% of the injected dose was bound to kidneys at 24 hours. In these rats, serum anti-TH levels decreased very rapidly to 4% of control serum levels by five days. Throughout the period of study, the serum levels of anti-TH determined by direct radiometric assay corresponded very closely to those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary excretion was a major mechanism for the clearance of anti-TH in proteinuric rats; more than 10% of the injected I 125 -anti-TH was recovered intact (that is, protein bound) during the first day after injection. During the clearance phase for renal deposits, urinary clearance of anti-TH exceeded urinary clearance of IgG due to release of renal bound antibody into urine. These quantitative studies have defined a new pattern of renal antibody binding kinetics in normal rats which differs from patterns observed with intrinsic glomerular antigens; a close relationship between serum levels and renal binding of antibody over a broad dosage range was apparent during both uptake and clearance phases. They also show that TH is present on cell surfaces only in the kidney, and that increased glomerular permeability greatly alters the kinetics of tubular antibody deposition and clearance.
On the spines of the Stethacanthidae (Chondrichthyes), with a description of a new genus from the Mississippian Bear Gulch limestone

Abstract Several specimens of an elasmobranch from the upper Mississippian Bear Gulch limestone of Montana are described. The first dorsal spine and fin closely resemble Stethacanthus erectus and to a lesser extent Stethacanthus altonensis. The new genus and species Orestiacanthus fergusi is proposed for the specimens, and it is suggested that recent attempts to synonymize the species of Stethacanthus on the basis of spines are unjustified. The specimens also share the enlarged cranial denticles, general form of the palatoquadrate, cladodont teeth and pectoral fin with S. altonensis. They differ from S. altonensis in proportions of jaws, numbers of tooth families, numbers of prearticular basals and axial radials, morphology of the second dorsal fin, and in the presence of generalized squamation in some specimens (but not the female). The pelvic fins differ greatly in having a prominent metapterygium.
Three-photon induced fluorescence of 2,5-diphenyloxazole with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser

Abstract We report emission spectra and time-resolved intensity and anisotropy decays resulting from three-photon excitation of fluorescence. The emission intensity of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) was found to depend on the third power of the excitation intensity at 870 nm. This wavelength is too long to excite PPO by a two-photon process. The emission spectrum, intensity decay, and rotational correlation times were found to be identical for one- (290 nm) and three-photon (870 nm) excitation. However, the time-zero anisotropy ( r 0 = 0.61) observed from the time-resolved anisotropy decay, and observed in frozen solution, was larger than for one- or two-photon excitation. The possibility of three-photon excitation with a Ti:sapphire laser suggests wide ranging applications in biophysics and fluorescence microscopy.
Quantum Tunneling in Testosterone 6β-Hydroxylation by Cytochrome P450: Reaction Dynamics Calculations Employing Multiconfiguration Molecular-Mechanical Potential Energy Surfaces

Testosterone hydroxylation is a prototypical reaction of human cytochrome P450 3A4, which metabolizes about 50% of oral drugs on the market. Reaction dynamics calculations were carried out for the ...
Long-term ureteral replacement prosthesis

A silicone rubber tube with bonded Dacron felt cuffs have been implanted in dogs as a ureteral replacement prosthesis. A one-way valve has also been developed to prevent reflux so the prosthesis may be put into the bladder. The prosthesis has been implanted for periods up to nine months. Although there are some problems associated with the prosthesis, most animals have maintained a normal serum creatinine, sterile urine, and a normal excretory urogram.
DNA methylation in complex disease: Applications in nursing research, practice, and policy

DNA methylation is an epigenomic modification that is essential to normal human development and biological processes. DNA methylation patterns are heritable and dynamic throughout the life span. Environmental exposures can alter DNA methylation patterns, contributing to the development of complex disease. Identification and modulation of environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility through alterations in DNA methylation are amenable to nursing intervention and form the basis for individualized patient care. Here we describe the evidence supporting the translation of DNA methylation analyses as a tool for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of complex disease in nursing research and practice. The ethical, legal, social, and economic considerations of advances in genomics are considered as a model for epigenomic policy. We conclude that contemporary and informed nurse scientists and clinicians are uniquely poised to apply innovations in epigenomic research to clinical populations and develop appropriate policies that guide equitable and ethical use of new strategies to improve patient care.
An Enhanced Parenting Process: Predicting Reliability in Product's Design Phase

In this article, the authors propose an enhanced parenting process to predict reliability in a product's design phase. It consists of rigorous mathematical formulations and provides statistical inference on the failure rate of the new product.
Hepatitis C in organ transplantation: its significance and influence on transplantation policies.

Posttransplantation liver disease due to non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. The cloning of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is the major cause of parenterally transmitted NANBH, and the development of tests to detect HCV
Temporal and spatial simulation of production-scale irrigated cotton systems

Site-specific management of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cropping systems at the production-scale requires information regarding environmental interactions across the landscape. Landscape-scale cotton models could track these interactions and be integrated into future decision support tools designed to manage variable inputs; however, modeling of cotton systems across the landscape has not been evaluated. Cotton production in the Southern Texas High Plains is dependent on irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer, and thus tracking soil water content across fields could help producers plan their use of diminishing aquifer resources. Our hypothesis was that the PALMScot model, a grid-based landscape-scale cotton model, would capture spatial and temporal variability and environmental interactions affecting soil water and plant growth within a 70-ha field throughout two contrasting growing seasons, without adjustment of input parameters for the model. Thus, our objective was to compare values of soil water content and crop height calculated by the PALMScot model with corresponding field measured values at multiple locations across a fine textured, pivot irrigated production cotton field during two growing seasons. The PALMScot model calculated values of soil water and crop height across the field with a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) for soil water content in the 1.0-m profile ≤0.032 m3/m3 and most Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ≥0.48. Values of RMSD for crop height were ≤0.10 m at all locations in 2010 and 2011. We conclude that PALMScot correctly and efficiently calculated soil water content and crop height across the field, throughout each season, and the model has potential as a site-specific management tool for cotton cropping systems.
Increases in binding protein (BiP) accompany changes in protein body morphology in three high-lysine mutants of maize

A maize 75 kDa protein recently has been identified as a plant homolog of the mammalian binding protein (BiP). To better understand the function of BiP in protein body formation in maize endosperm, immunomicroscopy studies were conducted on three maize endosperm mutants, floury-2, Mucronate, and Defective endosperm-B 30, in which the level of BiP is highly elevated. Our results showed that protein body morphology in all three mutants was altered. In addition, BiP was localized in both the ER and peripheral regions of the abnormal protein bodies. The degree to which protein body morphology differed from normal was positively correlated with increased amounts of BiP. In addition, the accumulation of BiP in abnormal protein bodies increased with protein body maturation. In the three endosperm mutants, the arrangement of zeins within protein bodies had been perturbed, yet none of the specific zein subclasses exhibited the staining pattern found for BiP. The association of BiP with abnormal packaging of proteins in protein bodies may reflect a biological function to mediate protein folding and assembly in maize endosperm.
Triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance with hybrid capture II: colposcopy and histologic human papillomavirus correlation.

Abstract Objective To estimate the effectiveness of Hybrid Capture II to predict high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from a cytological cervical sample. Evidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was also determined from biopsy samples using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for women referred with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Papanicolaou smears. Methods We screened 8170 women with Papanicolaou smears, of whom 278 (3.4%) returned ASCUS. All ASCUS cases underwent colposcopy and Hybrid Capture II testing. High-grade CIN biopsy specimens were tested for high-risk HPV by PCR. Results Nearly 30% of ASCUS cases had CIN biopsy results (11.9% showing CIN II or CIN III and 17.6% showing CIN I). Hybrid Capture II positive rates were 93.3% for cases with CIN III, 72.2% for CIN II, and 51.0% for CIN I ( P P Conclusion Hybrid Capture II returned negative in 25% of cases with biopsy-proven high-grade CIN with associated high-risk HPV DNA by PCR (non-Premalignant ASCUS subset), and positive in 39.3% of cases with normal results; this limits its clinical utility.
Adaptive behavior and problem behavior in young children with Williams syndrome.

Abstract The present study compares the adaptive behavior profile of 18 young children with Williams syndrome (WS) and a developmentally matched group of 19 children with developmental disabilities...
A Life in Science, Editing, and Writing

Pamela J. Hines, Senior Editor, SCIENCE When I was six years old, I happened to notice a small pink book on the lower shelf of one of the family's bookshelves. I don't remember the title, and I don't recall what made me pull it off the shelf and thumb through its pages (a child's curiosity, I
PLGA nanoparticles formed by single- or double-emulsion with vitamin E-TPGS.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biocompatible member of the aliphatic polyester family of biodegradable polymers. PLGA has long been a popular choice for drug delivery applications, particularly since it is already FDA-approved for use in humans in the form of resorbable sutures. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs are encapsulated in PLGA particles via single- or double-emulsion. Briefly, the drug is dissolved with polymer or emulsified with polymer in an organic phase that is then emulsified with the aqueous phase. After the solvent has evaporated, particles are washed and collected via centrifugation for lyophilization and long term storage. PLGA degrades slowly via hydrolysis in aqueous environments, and encapsulated agents are released over a period of weeks to months. Although PLGA is a material that possesses many advantages for drug delivery, reproducible formation of nanoparticles can be challenging; considerable variability is introduced by the use of different equipment, reagents batch, and precise method of emulsification. Here, we describe in great detail the formation and characterization of microparticles and nanoparticles formed by single- or double-emulsion using the emulsifying agent vitamin E-TPGS. Particle morphology and size are determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We provide representative SEM images for nanoparticles produced with varying emulsifier concentration, as well as examples of imaging artifacts and failed emulsifications. This protocol can be readily adapted to use alternative emulsifiers (e.g. poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA) or solvents (e.g. dichloromethane, DCM).
Simple synthesis and assignment of stereochemistry of lipoxin A

Abstract A synthesis of lipoxin A, a recently discovered biologically active eicosanoid, and the assignment of stereoformula 1 is reported herein.
X-29A flight control system performance during flight test

An account is given of flight control system performance results for the X-29A forward-swept wing 'Advanced Technology Demonstrator' fighter aircraft, with attention to its software and hardware components' achievement of the requisite levels of system stability and desirable aircraft handling qualities. The Automatic Camber Control Logic is found to be well integrated with the stability loop of the aircraft. A number of flight test support software programs developed by NASA facilitated monitoring of the X-29A's stability in real time, and allowed the test team to clear the envelope with confidence.