cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An identity connecting theta series associated with binary quadratic forms of discriminant Δ and Δ(prime)2

Abstract We state and prove an identity which connects theta series associated with binary quadratic forms of idoneal discriminants Δ and Δ p 2 , for p a prime. Employing this identity, we extend the results of Toh [8] by writing the theta series of forms of discriminant Δ p 2 as a linear combination of Lambert series. We then use these Lambert series decompositions to give explicit representation formulas for the forms of discriminant Δ p 2 . Lastly, we give a generalization of our main identity, which employs a map of Buell [4] to connect forms of discriminant Δ to Δ p 2 . Our generalized identity links theta series associated with a single form of discriminant Δ to a theta series associated with forms of discriminant Δ p 2 , where Δ and Δ p 2 are no longer required to be idoneal.
Blackboard-Based Electronic Warfare System

With internet-connected, SCADA and cyber-physical systems becoming the next battlefield for crime and warfare, technologies for defending and attacking these systems are growing in prevalence. For entities with significant asset collections that are prospectively vulnerable to this type of an attack, autonomous response, retaliation and attack capabilities are necessary to respond to a growing threat from numerous sectors. This paper presents a command and control technique for cyberwarfare based on the Blackboard Architecture. It discusses the utility of this approach and proposes a distributed command system that can run across multiple nodes of various types.
63Cu NMR in heavily doped La2CuO4

We report 63Cu NMR and NQR studies on La2 − xSrxCuO4 and our results of 63Cu Knight shift show a progressive variation of the temperature dependence as a function of x, for 0.10 < x < 0.3125. These results appear to be consistent with the theoretical calculations of “t − J” model.
Abortion care in Ghana : a critical review of the literature : review article

The Government of Ghana has taken important steps to mitigate the impact of unsafe abortion. However, the expected decline in maternal deaths is yet to be realized. This literature review aims to present findings from empirical research directly related to abortion provision in Ghana and identify gaps for future research. A total of four (4) databases were searched with the keywords "Ghana and abortion" and hand review of reference lists was conducted. All abstracts were reviewed. The final include sample was 39 articles. Abortion-related complications represent a large component of admissions to gynecological wards in hospitals in Ghana as well as a large contributor to maternal mortality. Almost half of the included studies were hospital-based, mainly chart reviews. This review has identified gaps in the literature including: interviewing women who have sought unsafe abortions and with healthcare providers who may act as gatekeepers to women wishing to access safe abortion services. Le gouvernement du Ghana a pris des mesures importantes pour attenuer l'impact de l'avortement a risque. Cependant, la baisse attendue de la mortalite maternelle est encore a realiser. Cette revue de la documentation a pour but de presenter les resultats de recherches empiriques directement lies a la prestation de l'avortement au Ghana et d'identifier les lacunes de la recherche future. Un total de quatre (4) bases de donnees ont ete recherchees avec les mots cles "Ghana et l'avortement" et la revision a main des listes de reference a ete menee. Tous les resumes ont ete examines. Le dernier echantillon comprenait 39 articles. Les complications liees a l'avortement representent une composante importante des admissions en services de gynecologie dans les hopitaux au Ghana ainsi que d'un grand contributeur a la mortalite maternelle. Presque la moitie des etudes incluses ont ete en milieu hospitalier, principalement l'examen des dossiers. Ce compte rendu a identifie des lacunes dans la documentation, y compris: interviewer les femmes qui ont recherche des avortements a risque et avec les fournisseurs de soins de sante qui peuvent agir comme gardiens de femmes qui souhaitent avoir acces aux services d'avortement sans risque.
Pressure controlled GaN MBE growth using a hollow anode nitrogen ion source

GaN films were grown on sapphire substrates at temperatures below 1,000 K utilizing a Hollow Anode nitrogen ion source. A Ga flux limited growth rate of {approximately}0.5 {micro}m/h is demonstrated. Active utilization of strain and the assistance of a nitrogen partial pressure during buffer layer growth are found to be crucial issues that can improve the film quality. The best films exhibit a full width at half maximum of the x-ray rocking curves of 80 arcsec and 1.8{sub 5} meV for the excitonic photoluminescence measured at 4 K. A Volmer-Weber three dimensional growth mode and the spontaneous formation of cubic GaN inclusions in the hexagonal matrix are observed in the investigated growth temperature range. It is argued that this growth mode contributes to a limitation of the carrier mobility in these films that did not exceed 120 cm{sup 2}/Vs though a minimum carrier concentration of {approximately}10{sup 15} cm{sup {minus}3} was achieved.
Mathematics and Mechanics In the Postgraduate School at Annapolis

(1943). Mathematics and Mechanics In the Postgraduate School at Annapolis. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 238-244.
The Determinants and Implications of Bank Lending Distribution Methods: Bilateral versus Syndicated Lending

This paper provides the first empirical study of the effects of demand (firm) and supply (bank) factors of bank lending on the use of lending distribution methods, i.e., bilateral and syndicated lending. The findings have three implications. First, on the demand side, credit quality and information asymmetry are economically important determinants of lending distribution methods, after controlling for firm and loan size. This is consistent with the notion that syndicated bank loan serves as an intermediate form of financing between bilateral loan and public bond. Second, on the supply side, inter-bank competition and geographic deregulation drives banks to be more likely to choose the type of loans in accordance with their lending expertise. Third, inter-bank competition and deregulation lowers the interest rates charged.
Annual Continuation And Progress Report For Nuclear Theory At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Nuclear Theory research under the auspices of the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Physics (NP) is conducted within several funding sources and projects. These include base funding, and early career award, and a collaborative SciDAC-­3 award that is jointly funded by DOE/NP and the Advanced Simulations and Computations (ASC) effort within the National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA). Therefore, this annual report is organized within the three primary sections covering these projects.
Toxic Species of Penicillium Common in Food.

Brief descriptions are presented of six toxigenic Penicillium species: P. cyclopium , P. viridicatum , P. islandicum , P. expansum , P. citrinum and P. urticae . The profiles are based on previous studies in which mold flora were determined in various stored and dried foods. The toxic metabolites of these Penicillium species are also reviewed.
The effect of probe choice and solution conditions on the apparent photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter

Excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM) are quantified directly with the species-specific probes trans,trans-hexadienoic acid (HDA) and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP), and indirectly with the singlet oxygen (1O2) probe furfuryl alcohol (FFA). Although previous work suggests that these probe compounds may be sensitive to solution conditions, including dissolved organic carbon concentration ([DOC]) and pH, and may quantify different 3DOM subpopulations, the probes have not been systematically compared. Therefore, we quantify the apparent photoreactivity of diverse environmental waters using HDA, TMP, and FFA. By conducting experiments under ambient [DOC] and pH, with standardized [DOC] and pH, and with solid phase extraction isolates, we demonstrate that much of the apparent dissimilarity in photochemical measurements is attributable to solution conditions, rather than intrinsic differences in 3DOM production. In general, apparent quantum yields (Φ1O2 ≥ Φ3DOM,TMP ≫ Φ3DOM,HDA) and pseudo-steady state concentrations ([1O2]ss > [3DOM]ss,TMP > [3DOM]ss,HDA) show consistent relationships in all waters under standardized conditions. However, intrinsic differences in 3DOM photoreactivity are apparent between DOM from diverse sources, as seen in the higher Φ1O2 and lower Φ3DOM,TMP of wastewater effluents compared with oligotrophic lakes. Additionally, while conflicting trends in photoreactivity are observed under ambient conditions, all probes observe quantum yields increasing from surface wetlands to terrestrially influenced waters to oligotrophic lakes under standardized conditions. This work elucidates how probe selection and solution conditions influence the apparent photoreactivity of environmental waters and confirms that 3DOM or 1O2 probes cannot be used interchangeably in waters that vary in [DOC], pH, or DOM source.
A Multilevel Flow Model of the Human Body

Abstract This paper describes explicit models of goals and functions used for monitoring, diagnosis, and closed-loop control of intensive-care patients. The method is based on multilevel flow models, (MFM), and used in the Guardian system. MFM provides Guardian with alarm analysis, fault diagnosis, and automatic generation of explanations. The advantages of using MFM are a comparatively easy knowledge engineering and good properties for a system which operates under hard real-time deadlines.
Ultrasound, Electromyography, Electrical Stimulation; Techniques Aiding More Effective Botulinum Toxin Therapy

The clinical applications of botulinum (BoNT) have expanded from the initial use and approval in ophthalmology to include many other conditions dependent upon neurotransmitter release and the SNARE protein complex. As the clinical use and regulatory agency approvals of BoNTs have expanded, extensive experience and published studies support that BoNTs are effective and safe when administered by experienced practitioners. However, there is little data and continued debate on the safest, most accurate, and most effective method to deliver BoNTs to the intended target. This chapter will review the most common guidance techniques for BoNT therapy including anatomic or manual guidance and the instrumented guidance techniques of electromyography (EMG), electrical stimulation (E-Stim), ultrasound (US), and fluoroscopy (Flouro), including discussion of the current level of evidence for the advantages and limitations of each technique.
Evaluation and Management of Lower-Extremity Ulcers

Even with the best available care, at least 25% of leg ulcers and foot ulcers are not fully healed after 6 months of treatment. This review summarizes the pathophysiological features and explains current management of venous, arterial, neuropathic diabetic, and pressure ulcers.
Impact of high-grade atrioventricular block and cumulative frequent pacing on atrial arrhythmias.

BACKGROUND The relationship between high-grade atrioventricular block (HGAVB) with cumulative frequent pacing and risk of atrial arrhythmias (AAs) has not been well characterized. We hypothesized HGAVB and pacing may have significant impact on incidence and prevalence of AAs by modulating atrial substrate. OBJECTIVE To determine impact of HGAVB and pacing on AAs including atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), and atrial tachycardia (AT). METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation for HGAVB from 2005 to 2011 at the University of Chicago were included. AAs and percent of pacing were detected through device interrogation. Patients' data were collected from electronic medical records and clinic visits. RESULTS A total of 166 patients (mean age 71 ± 15 years; 54% female, 56% African American) were studied. AF was documented in 27% of patients before pacemaker implantation. During a mean 5.8 ± 2.2 years of follow-up, 47% had device-detected AF, 10% AFL, and 26% AT. New-onset AF was documented in 40 of the 122 patients without prior AF (33%). Continuous (≥ 99%) right ventricular pacing was associated with significantly decreased AF prevalence (34% vs 59%, P = 0.005), and correlated with lower incidence (26% vs 41%, P = 0.22). Pacing suppressed AF in 14% of patients with baseline AF; those patients had lower atrial pacing (3.2% vs 45%, P < 0.0001). Left atrial dilation was the only independent predictor of AF with frequent pacing (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS HGAVB is associated with high incidence and prevalence of AAs with and without pacing. Cumulative frequent (≥99%) ventricular pacing reduces risk of AF in patients with HGAVB.
Effect of Gluma desensitization on dentin bond strength.

PURPOSE To determine whether the use of Gluma as a desensitizing agent on tooth preparations has any effect upon the bond strength of a resin composite restoration cemented to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty extracted human molars which were caries and restoration-free were occlusally reduced to remove enamel. Twenty of the teeth received a Gluma desensitization treatment and 20 were untreated (controls). Following a 7-day storage period, simulated resin composite inlays were bonded to all of the dentin specimens, using either All-Bond 2 with All-Bond Crown & Bridge Cement or OptiBond with Porcelite Dual Cure. Twenty-four hours later, the shear bond strength of the specimens was determined. RESULTS Statistical analysis (paired t-tests) indicated no significant difference in bond strength for Gluma-treated specimens when compared to controls, for either bonding material.
The Amorphous Data Base Implementation on Microprocessors and Relation to Non Algorithmic Diagnosis

An Amorphous Data Base (ADB) can be defined as a method of file storage in which the quantum of data, and all identifying labels, are associated as a discrete unit. Such files can be sorted or searched via any of these identifying parameters without disrupting the integrity of the basic information. This type of filing should be contrasted with the Defined Data Base, (DDB), where specific arrays of data are placed into predefined, non-variable, storage areas. Each approach has its own individual strenghts and drawbacks, depending on the requirements presented. If the data is specific, consistent, and complete, such as output from an ECG, an SMA-12, or an Automated Review of Systems, (Ref 6, 15), a DDB undoubtedly is of greatest utility in storage and processing. Each variation, though, exception or deletion detracts from those overall advantages.
Transposon mutagenesis in Legionella pneumophila. I.--Persistence of suicide and broad host-range plasmids.

Abstract Two of three highly virulent strains of Legionella pneumophila could act as recipients at high frequencies in conjugation experiments with Escherichia coli donor strains carrying broad host-range plasmids belonging to incompatibility groups N, P and W. All broad host-range and most transposon-deliveru plasmids persisted within transconjugants with high stability. Only one (pSUP1021) of several vehicles designed for the delivery of transposons into the chromosome of Gram-negative bacteria was found to yield transposon mutants of Legionella at a detectable frequency.
UCR: An Unclonable Environmentally Sensitive Chipless RFID Tag For Protecting Supply Chain

Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags that do not include an integrated circuit (IC) in the transponder are more appropriate for supply-chain management of low-cost commodities and have been gaining extensive attention due to their relatively lower price. However, existing chipless RFID tags consume considerable tag area and manufacturing time/cost because of complex fabrication process (e.g., requiring removing or shorting some resonators on the tag substrate to encode data). Worse still, their identifiers (IDs) are deterministic, clonable, and small in terms of bitwidth. To address these shortcomings and help preserve the cold chain for commodities (e.g., vaccines, pharmaceuticals, etc.) sensitive to temperature, we develop a novel unclonable environmentally sensitive chipless RFID (UCR) tag that intrinsically generates a unique ID from both manufacturing variations and ambient temperature variation. A UCR tag consists of two parts: (i) a certain number of concentric ring slot resonators integrated on a certain laminate (e.g., TACONIC TLX-0), whose resonance frequencies rely on geometric parameters of slot resonators and dielectric constant of substrate material that are sensitive to manufacturing variations, and (ii) a stand-alone circular ring slot resonator integrated on a particular substrate (e.g., grease) that will be melted at a high temperature, whose resonance frequency relies on geometric parameters of slot resonator, dielectric constant of substrate material, and ambient temperature. UCR tags have the capability to track commodities and their temperatures in the supply chain. The area of UCR tag is comparable to regular quick response (QR) code. Experimental results based on UCR tag prototypes have verified their uniqueness and reliability.
Transcriptome profiling of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri monkeys identifies potential ligands for invasion

Unlike the case in Asia and Latin America, Plasmodium vivax infections are rare in sub-Saharan Africa due to the absence of the Duffy blood group antigen (Duffy antigen), the only known erythrocyte receptor for the P. vivax merozoite invasion ligand, Duffy binding protein 1 (DBP1). However, P. vivax infections have been documented in Duffy-negative individuals throughout Africa, suggesting that P. vivax may use ligands other than DBP1 to invade Duffy-negative erythrocytes through other receptors. To identify potential P. vivax ligands, we compared parasite gene expression in Saimiri and Aotus monkey erythrocytes infected with P. vivax Salvador I (Sal I). DBP1 binds Aotus but does not bind to Saimiri erythrocytes; thus, P. vivax Sal I must invade Saimiri erythrocytes independent of DBP1. Comparing RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data for late-stage infections in Saimiri and Aotus erythrocytes when invasion ligands are expressed, we identified genes that belong to tryptophan-rich antigen and merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) families that were more abundantly expressed in Saimiri infections compared with Aotus infections. These genes may encode potential ligands responsible for P. vivax infections of Duffy-negative Africans.
Domestic violence, safe space and vicarious abuse: inside a Pennsylvania Exchange and Visitation Center

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork that I conducted in the ‘safe space’ of an exchange and visitation center, this article examines center staffs’ experiences of vicarious abuse. Vicarious abuse ref...
Overview of Numerical Methods: Applications of Analytical Methods in Sports

In this chapter, we discuss and highlight research from interesting and relevant publications that feature applications of these analytical methodologies to many economics, education, strategy development and assessment, health issues, and biomechanics.
385 Who are you calling old? practice patterns and management of nonagenarians presenting to a gynecologic oncologist for initial consultation

Objectives To describe the practice patterns and treatment of nonagenarians who initiated care with a gynecologic oncologist. Methods Retrospective chart review of women aged 90 or older who presented to a gynecologic oncologist between 10/09 and 12/18 at an urban academic medical center. Descriptive statistics utilized for variables of interest. Results We identified 34 nonagenarians (median age 92, range 90–98): 10 (29%) had benign disease, 8 (24%) pre-malignancy or suspected malignancy, and 16 (47%) malignancy. Of these, 79% had age and/or functional status discussed in the care plan. Of the 8 with suspected malignancy, 5 declined further workup. The cancer distribution revealed 5 (31%) vulvar, 5 (31%) uterine, 4 (25%) ovarian, 1 (6%) vaginal and 1 (6%) cervical cancers. Combined, 37% had stage I disease; 6% stage 3; 6% stage 4; 13% recurrent; and 25% unstaged. All received treatment plans: 7 (47%) with palliative intent and 8 (53%) with curative intent. In the curative group, 7 underwent surgery (1 adjuvant chemotherapy) and 1 chemotherapy/radiation. In the palliative group, 4 underwent radiation, 1 chemotherapy and 2 declined/unknown. Overall, 13 (87%) completed the proposed treatment. Treatment-related complications included 1 superficial skin infection and 1 thirty-day readmission. Conclusions Nonagenarians often presented with vulvar or endometrial cancer and 87% successfully completed treatment with minimal adverse effects or toxicity. Age and/or functional status were considered in the care plan for 79% of women, but it did not preclude treatments that had the potential to preserve meaningful quality of life and/or cure patients of their disease.
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. In the USA, it affects about 8% of the population. In addition to 18 million people with diagnosed diabetes, 6 million have undiagnosed diabetes and 57 million have prediabetes [i.e., impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)] [ 1 ]. Phenotypically, more than 90% of people with diabetes mellitus have type 2 diabetes. This disorder, however, is extremely heterogeneous (see Fig. 7.1).
Designing for Mode Shift Opportunity with Metropolitan Scale Simulation

Shifting vehicle drivers to alternate modes is becoming a key focus of city planning groups. Key to understanding how to posit new transit opportunities requires a granular understanding of origin-destination travel demand. By using Mobiliti, a HPC simulation developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that populates origins and destinations and simulates their use of the transportation network, that granular understanding can be achieved. This data can be used to understand how current and potential future transit routes serve regional demand and how those services can be improved, an increasingly important aspiration in the face of falling transit ridership, increasing congestion, and environmental concerns. To understand how existing transit routes serve the demand, an origin and destination falling within a quarter mile around bus and light rail routes were considered zero-transfer transit-feasible; the results of this rudimentary analysis were noteworthy, with simulated feasible ridership up to five times higher than actual ridership seen by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. Using OpenTripPlanner, we found the average transit trip time to be approximately three times the driving time for that set of transit-feasible trips. This points to a need to increase the operational efficiency of transit services that cannot compete with auto traffic. The second portion of the analysis focuses on understanding how the transit network can be changed to better accommodate the demand. By understanding the origin-destination pairs unserved by the current transit network, corridors of high demand can be visualized, identified. Public transit is key to cities, and this methodology uses novel data sources to inform the design and development of that oft-overlooked workhorse of urban mobility.
Suppressing proteasome mediated processing of topoisomerase II DNA-protein complexes preserves genome integrity

Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.
Short- and Long-Term Transcriptomic Responses of Escherichia coli to Biocides: a Systems Analysis.

The mechanisms of the bacterial response to biocides are poorly understood, despite their broad application. To identify the genetic basis and pathways implicated in the biocide stress response, we exposed Escherichia coli populations to 10 ubiquitous biocides. By comparing the transcriptional responses between a short-term exposure (30 min) and a long-term exposure (8 to 12 h) to biocide stress, we established the common gene and pathway clusters that are implicated in general and biocide-specific stress responses. Our analysis revealed a temporal choreography, starting from the upregulation of chaperones to the subsequent repression of motility and chemotaxis pathways and the induction of an anaerobic pool of enzymes and biofilm regulators. A systematic analysis of the transcriptional data identified a zur-regulated gene cluster to be highly active in the stress response against sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid, presenting a link between the biocide stress response and zinc homeostasis. Susceptibility assays with knockout mutants further validated our findings and provide clear targets for downstream investigation of the implicated mechanisms of action.IMPORTANCE Antiseptics and disinfectant products are of great importance to control and eliminate pathogens, especially in settings such as hospitals and the food industry. Such products are widely distributed and frequently poorly regulated. Occasional outbreaks have been associated with microbes resistant to such compounds, and researchers have indicated potential cross-resistance with antibiotics. Despite that, there are many gaps in knowledge about the bacterial stress response and the mechanisms of microbial resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants. We investigated the stress response of the bacterium Escherichia coli to 10 common disinfectant and antiseptic chemicals to shed light on the potential mechanisms of tolerance to such compounds.
Why Is Artificial Intelligence Blamed More? Analysis of Faulting Artificial Intelligence for Self-Driving Car Accidents in Experimental Settings

This study conducted an experiment to test how the level of blame differs between an artificial intelligence (AI) and a human driver based on attribution theory and computers are social actors (CAS...
Cross-Layer Noise Analysis in Smart Digital Pixel Sensors With Integrated Deep Neural Network

Digital pixel based image sensors with embedded deep neural network (DNN) allow many mission critical surveillance applications. However, image noise caused by variations and non-idealities in the sensor aggravates the quality of image and further degrades the performance of a DNN. We propose a digital pixel-DNN cross-layer simulation methodology for accurate training and evaluation of a DNN under image noise induced from sensors. In particular, this paper focuses on the image noise derived from device mismatches in digital pixel circuits with 3D integrated and pixel-parallel readout circuits, and studies the effect of the resulting image noise on the accuracy of a DNN. The simulation results show that the device mismatch in the digital pixel creates distinct noise structure on output image and should be accurately considered while training a DNN. We also present design space explorations using our cross-layer simulation.
Large deviations for partition functions of directed polymers in an IID field

Considerons la fonction de partition d'un polymere dirige dans 7G d , d ≥ 1, d'un champ IID. On suppose que les queues des parties positive et negative sont au moins aussi legeres qu'une exponentielle. Il est bien connu que l'energie libre du polymere est egale a une constante deterministe pour presque toute realisation du champ et que la queue superieure des grandes deviations est exponentielle. La queue inferieure des grandes deviations est typiquement plus legere qu'une exponentielle. Dans cet article nous obtenons des estimations precises sur la queue inferieure des grandes deviations en fonction de la distribution du champ IID. Nos preuves sont egalement applicables au modele de percolation de dernier passage dirige et a celui de percolation de premier passage (non dirige).
Kinetic evaluation of deactivation pathways in methanol-to-hydrocarbon catalysis on HZSM-5 with formaldehyde, olefinic, dieneic, and aromatic Co-Feeds

Formaldehyde (HCHO), formed in situ by transfer dehydrogenation of methanol in methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) conversion, reacts with other organic species including olefins, dienes, and aromatics t...
What do we mean when we say “Latinx?”: Definitional power, the limits of inclusivity, and the (un/re)constitution of an identity category

This article examines the trajectory of “Latinx” as a discursive marker of inclusivity and diversity within spaces that value recognition as inclusive, sensitive to diversity, and engaged with soci...
The Natural Environment as a Resilience Factor: Nature’s Role as a Buffer of the Effects of Risk and Adversity

What role might the natural environment play in resilience? Remarkably, there has been little connection between the nature-health research and resilience research and theory. In this chapter, I first suggest that nature ought to figure more centrally within human resilience literature and frameworks. This chapter aims to bridge the divide between literatures by considering the evidence that nature may be a resilience factor that can moderate the impact of risk or adversity on health and functioning. Second, I argue that due to a preoccupation with the direct effects of nature on health, the role of the natural environment as a moderator of the relation between risk factors or adversity and health outcomes is under-appreciated and under-explored. Acting as a moderator or buffer, nearby nature or green space may have the potential to attenuate the relation between risk and health, to dampen negative health outcomes among vulnerable populations and ultimately, thereby, to reduce health disparities. Four outcomes are examined: mental health, physical health, birth weight, and academic achievement. For each of these outcomes, I consider: the impact of risk and adversity, including poverty; evidence of nature’s moderating effect; and plausible explanatory pathways (i.e., mediated moderation), with a focus on executive functioning and social connection. I then briefly consider access to nature as an environmental justice issue. Is it the case that while nature may have the potential to mitigate health disparities, those most in need have the least access? I close with implications for future research.
Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

The respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. This new beta-coronavirus, probably the product of the random mutation of a coronavirus infecting animals, has affected humanity, created great mortality among the population, and it has also destabilized the interaction between human beings and their quality of life. The joint work of researchers who have analyzed the COVID-19 cases, the biological mechanisms, their effects on human beings, and possible intervention pathways have led to successful scientific advances in the understanding of the infection, the creation of immunity, the use of specific medications, in addition to an innovative and historical way of creating new vaccines that are both efficient and safe. It is also crucial to note that the effort to produce positive results involves the continued used of safety precautions such as handwashing, surface disinfection, social distancing and protective equipment, among others. This narrative review will analyze relevant aspects regarding the process of infection, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention of the disease caused by the 2019 coronavirus, COVID-19.
Resolution of Two Steps in Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A1 Light Chain Localization to the Intracellular Plasma Membrane

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is the most potent protein toxin to humans. BoNT/A light chain (LC/A) cleavage of the membrane-bound SNAP-25 has been well-characterized, but how LC/A traffics to the plasma membrane to target SNAP-25 is unknown. Of the eight BoNT/A subtypes (A1–A8), LC/A3 has a unique short duration of action and low potency that correlate to the intracellular steady state of LC/A, where LC/A1 is associated with the plasma membrane and LC/A3 is present in the cytosol. Steady-state and live imaging of LC/A3-A1 chimeras identified a two-step process where the LC/A N terminus bound intracellular vesicles, which facilitated an internal α-helical-rich domain to mediate LC/A plasma membrane association. The propensity of LC/A variants for membrane association correlated with enhanced BoNT/A potency. Understanding the basis for light chain intracellular localization provides insight to mechanisms underlying BoNT/A potency, which can be extended to applications as a human therapy.
Maximizing Completion of the Two-Dose COVID-19 Vaccine Series with Aid from Infographics

Two of the three COVID-19 vaccines approved in the United States require two doses to reach full efficacy, as do others available elsewhere in the world. The complete series of multidose COVID-19 vaccines offers stronger protection against infection by SARS-CoV-2 compared to single-dose injections with the same vaccines. Achieving perfect community-level adherence is a challenge in any public health campaign, even in non-pandemic times. Vaccines requiring multiple doses combined with a surge of vaccine hesitancy and misinformation that has been witnessed by the public during the COVID-19 pandemic are exacerbating the challenge of ensuring the world’s population achieves a sufficient level of immunity against COVID-19. Here, we describe the results of our study in which we sought to determine whether completion of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine regimen could be improved by disseminating infographics that explain what the vaccine is and why returning for the second dose is beneficial. Our results show that the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine recipients returning for a second inoculation grew after COVID-19 vaccine infographics were distributed to first-time vaccine recipients. We suggest that extending communication and outreach initiatives into the clinic positively influences the rate of follow-up visits, and that infographics are useful tools to aid and bolster the deployment of COVID-19 vaccines.
Using technology as an opportunity for pedagogical innovation: Experiences and lessons from launching the Indiana MBA in accounting

This case study presents an innovative, technology-supported approach to teaching and learning taken within the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University for the launch of a new Accounting MBA (AMBA) degree. The new program is proactive by treating the pending 150 credit-hour requirement as an opportunity for major technology infusion and competitive differentiation among graduate accounting programs. The purpose of this case study is to describe in detail the process and experience of launching the new AMBA degree that incorporated technology-supported learning from its genesis. The case study demonstrates how vision, partnerships with industry, a myriad of technology choices, and faculty championing enabled the successful launch of the new degree. It provides a detailed roadmap for people at other institutions who may be planning similar technology-supported teaching and learning initiatives.
Cost-consequence models for varicella-zoster virus infections.

Three cost-consequence models were developed for treatment of infections due to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) with acyclovir in immunocompetent patients-adult- and childhood-onset chickenpox, and herpes zoster (shingles) in adults. For chickenpox, separate models allow examination of differences in severity and impact of the disease for children and adults, as well as in the management of civilians and adults in military service. Each model includes direct medical costs, indirect costs and health-related productivity loss, symptom and quality of life impact, and model assumptions and conclusions. Alternatives of treatment and no treatment are addressed. Quality of life impact is conceptualized in terms of a quality-adjusted life-days decrement due to VZV symptoms of importance to the patient, such as pain, rash, and itching. As experience and data become available, alternative agents such as valacyclovir and famciclovir for the treatment of patients with herpes zoster should be included in the modeling process.
Duplicate Deletion in a Ring Connected, Shard-Nothing, Parallel Database System

The problem of detecting and removing duplicates tuples within a parallel database is one which has far reaching implications. An efficient solution for these problems would have a positive impact in many areas of Computer Science. We have compared the performance of three algorithms for duplicate detection and removal in a ring-connected, shared-nothing, parallel database system. Each algorithm uses a different pre-processing method to reduce the size of the data set which must be processed. It is shown that in a parallel environment (as described above) pre-processing of the database (in the algorithms we've tested) achieves too little reduction in run-time to offset the added cost of its execution.
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF EYE PIGMENTS IN DROSOPHILA AS STUDIED BY TRANSPLANTATION

Page 229, line 4, heading of table I, for "male in female" read "female in male"; for "female in male" read "male in female
The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: Rates, risks and familial patterns ☆

This paper reviews what we know about the epidemiology and familial patterns of anxiety disorders. Focus is on the current studies based on specified diagnostic criteria. Data are presented, when available, on the subclassifications of the anxiety disorders. Data from epidemiologic and family studies support the notion that anxiety disorders have a relatively high prevalence and are familial, that they are heterogeneous, and that some are related to depression. It suggests that there is an increased probability that a person with one anxiety disorder will have another or will have a major depression during his or her lifetime. Data also suggest that panic disorder has the most severe consequence in terms of morbid risk to first-degree relatives, particularly risk to children, and that there may be a relationship between adult and childhood anxiety disorders. Potential research areas are given.
Neurogenic inflammation and chronic pelvic pain.

Chronic pelvic pain is a puzzling disease entity. The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic pelvic pain are not clear and current treatment strategies are often not successful, leaving patients as well as health care providers frustrated. In a subgroup of patients with chronic pelvic pain (e.g., interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, vulvar vestibulitis, prostatodynia/prostatitis, and loin pain/hematuria syndrome) inflammatory changes are observed, for which no etiology has been identified. These inflammatory changes might be due to neurogenic inflammation. Applying the concept of neurogenic inflammation to chronic pelvic pain provides new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of these pain syndromes, makes it possible to account for the heterogeneity and variability observed in the clinical presentation, and might lead to the development of novel therapies.
The Use of Vignettes in Cross-Cultural Cognitive Testing of Survey Instruments:

Cognitive interviewing (CI) is a pretesting technique that elicits respondents’ interpretations of survey questions as a means to evaluate and revise them. Vignettes are sometimes used as a part of...
Radiation-Damage in Molybdenum-Rhenium Alloys for Space Reactor Applications

Abstract Various Mo–Re alloys are attractive candidates for use as fuel cladding and core structural materials in spacecraft reactor applications. Molybdenum alloys with rhenium contents of 41–47.5% (wt%), in particular, have good creep resistance and ductility in both base metal and weldments. However, irradiation-induced changes such as transmutation and radiation-induced segregation could lead to precipitation and, ultimately, radiation-induced embrittlement. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of Mo–41Re and Mo–47.5Re after irradiation at space reactor relevant temperatures. Tensile specimens of Mo–41Re and Mo–47.5Re alloys were irradiated to ∼0.7 displacements per atom (dpa) at 1073, 1223, and 1373 K and ∼1.4 dpa at 1073 K in the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Following irradiation, the specimens were strained to failure at a rate of 1 × 10−3 s−1 in vacuum at the irradiation temperature. In addition, unirradiated specimens and specimens aged for 1100 h at each irradiation temperature were also tested. Fracture mode of the tensile specimens was determined. The tensile tests and fractography showed severe embrittlement and IG failure with increasing temperatures above 1100 K, even at the lowest fluence. This high temperature embrittlement is likely the result of irradiation-induced changes such as transmutation and radiation-induced segregation. These factors could lead to precipitation and, ultimately, radiation-induced embrittlement. The objective of this work is to examine the irradiation-induced degradation for these Mo–Re alloys under neutron irradiation.
Laminin-1 and Laminin-2 G-domain Synthetic Peptides Bind Syndecan-1 and Are Involved in Acinar Formation of a Human Submandibular Gland Cell Line

The culture of human submandibular gland (HSG) cells on laminin-1 induces acinar differentiation. We identified a site on laminin involved in acinar differentiation using synthetic peptides derived from the C-terminal G-domain of the laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains. The alpha1 chain peptide AG73 (RKRLQVQLSIRT) decreases the size of acini formed on laminin-1. Cells cultured with either AG73 or the homologous alpha2 chain peptide MG73 (KNRLTIELEVRT) form structures that appear acinar-like, but the cell nuclei are not polarized to the basal surface and no lumen formation occurs, indicating that additional sites on laminin are required for complete differentiation. The G-domain of laminin-1 contains both integrin and heparin binding sites, and anti-beta1-integrin antibodies disrupt acinar formation. Cell adhesion to the peptides and to E3, an elastase digest fragment of laminin-1 containing AG73, is specific, since other laminin peptides or EDTA do not compete the binding. Heparin and heparan sulfate decrease cell adhesion to AG73 and MG73 but anti-beta1-integrin antibodies have no effect. Treating the cell surface with heparitinase inhibits adhesion to both AG73 and MG73. We isolated cell surface ligands using both peptide affinity chromatography and laminin-1 affinity chromatography. Treating the material bound to the affinity columns with heparitinase and chondroitinase enriches for a core protein identified as syndecan-1 by Western blot analysis, thus identifying a syndecan-1 binding site in the globular domain of laminin-1 and laminin-2. In summary, multiple interactions between laminin and HSG cells contribute to acinar differentiation, involving both beta1-integrins and syndecan-1.
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS

RAS proteins are monomeric GTPases that act as binary molecular switches to regulate a wide range of cellular processes. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which regulate the activation state of RAS without covalently modifying it. By contrast, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of RAS proteins direct them to various cellular membranes and, in some cases, modulate GTP-GDP exchange. Important RAS PTMs include the constitutive and irreversible remodelling of its carboxy-terminal CAAX motif by farnesylation, proteolysis and methylation, reversible palmitoylation, and conditional modifications, including phosphorylation, peptidyl-prolyl isomerisation, monoubiquitylation, diubiquitylation, nitrosylation, ADP ribosylation and glucosylation.
Predicting left ventricular function recovery after reperfusion in ST elevation myocardial infarction: can we balance cost and accuracy?

Keywords: left ventricle; myocardial infarction; strain imaging; myocardial strain; echocardiography; systolic function
Preference intensity measurement

The concept of preference intensity has been criticized over the past sixty years for having no substantive meaning. Much of the controversy stems from the inadequacy of measurement procedures. In reviewing the shortcomings of existing procedures, we identify three objectives for developing a satisfactory procedure: (1) the capability of validating expressed preference differences by actual choices among naturally occurring options, (2) compatibility with the existing problem structure, and (3) no confounding of extraneous factors in the measurement of preference intensity. Several recently developed measurement procedures are criticized for failing one or more of these objectives. We then examine three different approaches for measuring preference intensity based on multiple perspectives. Thereplication approach emerges as a promising way of satisfying the three objectives above. This methodology applies to problems where an attribute can be replicated by “parallel components” that are independent, identical copies of the attribute. We illustrate the approach with two applications reported in the decision analysis literature. We also offer guidance on how to construct parallel components satisfying the requisite properties.
“Neither forget nor remember your sex”: sexual politics in the early twentieth-century Canadian office

This paper examines social relationships in the early twentieth-century Canadian corporate workplace, focusing on Quebec—where the majority of the nation's financial services industry was located. I argue that in the course of building new networks for the flow of information and capital, women and men in the early twentieth-century white-collar workplace also produced new meanings about work and gender. This paper has two parts. Part one charts an overview of when clerical work feminized in Quebec, drawing on published census data and a 10% sample of the 1901 nominal census of Montreal. Drawing on personnel files and company journals from several Canadian financial institutions, part two explores social rules and mores about contact across differences—particularly of gender and religious affiliation—in the early twentieth-century white-collar workplace.
The two-Mover hypothesis and the significance of "direction of motion" in temporal metaphors

It is claimed that expressions that instantiate sequence is relative position on a path (e.g. Spring follows winter) are the only type of temporal expression in English in which two distinct entities metaphorically move. A possible motivation for why we do not find two Times-as-Movers going the opposite “direction” may be that people are not disposed to tracking two “nows”. It is further hypothesized that this could be a crosslinguistically common or universal tendency, and data relevant to the constraint are discussed for Japanese and Wolof (West Africa). This exercise documents and categorizes certain semantic relations (such as ahead/behind) that are relevant to the study of direction of motion in metaphors of time.