cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mode of sensitization and its influence on allograft outcomes in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients

BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether the mode of sensitization in highly sensitized patients contributed to kidney allograft survival. METHODS An analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset involving all kidney transplants between 1997 and 2014 was undertaken. Highly sensitized adult kidney transplant recipients [panel reactive antibody (PRA) ≥98%] were compared with adult, primary non-sensitized and re-transplant recipients. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to determine allograft survival rates. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of graft loss with key predictors. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of highly sensitized patients transplanted were re-transplants. Pregnancy and transfusion were the only sensitizing event in 20 and 5%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial graft survival for highly sensitized recipients was 43.9% compared with 52.4% for non-sensitized patients, P < 0.001. The combination of being highly sensitized by either pregnancy or blood transfusion increased the risk of graft loss by 23% [hazard ratio (HR) 1.230, confidence interval (CI) 1.150-1.315, P < 0.001], and the combination of being highly sensitized from a prior transplant increased the risk of graft loss by 58.1% (HR 1.581, CI 1.473-1.698, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The mode of sensitization predicts graft survival in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients (PRA ≥98%). Patients who are highly sensitized from re-transplants have inferior graft survival compared with patients who are highly sensitized from other modes of sensitization.
Advocacy Communication for and about Women

Advocacy communication builds on a critical understanding of the public sphere, not as an idealized pluralistic space, but as a site for struggle and resistance. Based on the understanding that power dynamics facilitate different potentials for domination and resistance, strategic advocacy builds on multiple sources of capital, including human, social and cultural, as well as financial and political resources. Academic work on development and social change is beginning to incorporate the need to pay attention to social and political movements as they compete for attention and work to change leadership and policies and to motivate people. At the heart of this approach to intervention is recognition that social justice is central to development work. This chapter connects advocacy communication in development and social change to emerging frameworks in the public sphere. After a theoretical exposition, I explore how this approach works in relation to advocating both for and about women’s rights in the global development industry.
The Pillars of Instructional Technology

This chapter provides an overview of the foundational components of teaching and learning with technology. The pillars of instructional technology include the philosophy of technology (What are we teaching about IT?), the psychology of technology (How are we teaching with IT?), the sociology of technology (Who are we teaching with IT?), the history of technology, and technology leadership. Each “pillar” offers a venue for creating a program of instructional technology at the higher education level. In addition, a new model for implementing an instructional technology program is introduced: the K-A-RPE Model of Instructional Technology provides the infrastructure for any institution of higher learning to infuse technology into its undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate teacher curriculum. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB10978 INFORMATION SCIENCE PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Technology Literacy Applications in Learning Environments edited by David D. Carbonara © 2005, Idea Group Inc.
A novel calibration approach using satellite and visibility observations to estimate fine particulate matter exposures in Southwest Asia and Afghanistan

ABSTRACTIn order to study effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) it was previously necessary to have access to a comprehensive air monitoring network. However, there are locations in the world where PM levels are above generally accepted exposure standards but lack a monitoring infrastructure. This is true in Iraq and other locations in Southwest Asia and Afghanistan where U.S. and other coalition troops were deployed beginning in 2001. Since aerosol optical depth (AOD), determined by satellite, and visibility are both highly related to atmospheric PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) concentrations, we employed a novel approach that took advantage of historic airport visibility measurements to calibrate the AOD–visibility relationship and determine visibility spatially and temporally (2006–2007) over an approximately 17,000 km2 region of Iraq. We obtained daily visibility predictions that were highly associated with satellite-based 1x1 km AOD daily observations (R2=0.87). B...
A Study on Paddy Field Diversion Program with Planting Ornamental Crops for Amenity

Recently, fallowed paddy fields which spoil pastoral landscape, have been increasing under abjustment policies of rice production. And so some local governments are propeling paddy field diversion programs by planting ornamental crops, such as Cosmos and Chinese Milk Vetch, with a view to disolve fallowed paddy fields and to improve landscape.The purpose of this study is to evaluate economic benefits of the programs, and to make clear how to propele the programs. If governments don't subsidize planting ornamental crops, no farmer will plant them, because those don't make farm produce sales profit. But ornamental crops improve landscape. Those are to say public goods. Therefore, if the values of benefits are more than social costs (expenditures of governments and cultivating costs of ornamental crops), social welfear will progress.We subjected the six of aglicultulal distrits, where the programs were carried out by planting Cosmos in about 05 ha of grouped paddy fields. We have practiced questionnaire surveyes to residents whose living sphere included paddy fields of Cosmos.The results are as follows. Firstly, we have estimated the values of benefits for residents by Contingent Valuation Method. The mean willingness to pay has been estimated at about ¥800-¥1, 200 per household in each districts. In four of urbanized agricultural districts, the values of benefits per district have been estimated at over If 220, 000-¥370, 000, and the values per 0.1 ha at over ¥40, 000-¥70, 000. These results would be one of standards for expenditures of governments, in urbanized agricultural districts. But in two of rural agricultural districts, estimated values of benefits were lower because of less population.Secondly, we have discussed how to propele the programs. The programs were planned by governments and carried out by some farmers. But in order to get higher benefits, all residents should participate in planning and carrying out the programs. The rate of respondens who answer “Planting ornamental crops must be managed by governments” represented 58%, but “by all residents” represented 21%. This indicates the necessity of consciousness of residents for participating in pastoral landscape management.
International Higher Education for Whom? Expatriate Students, Choice-making and International (Im)mobility in the Northern United Arab Emirates

This article identifies a research gap on expatriate students attending international branch campuses in their country of residence, and presents evidence that they are insufficiently distinguished from international students in research on student mobility and choice-making. It finds that the priorities and enrollment choices of expatriates are often understood using the same analytical language as for students who migrate for the purpose of education, particularly through the use of rationalist “push-pull” models and agent-centric frameworks that approach choice and mobility as inherent to all international students. The study suggests that the enrollment choices of expatriates studying at fee-charging international institutions are better understood through research discourses typically applied to non-mobile, domestic students, such as access, affordability and opportunity. Using a mixed-methods research design combining questionnaires and interviews, the author examines the pathways and obstacles experienced by expatriate residents studying at international institutions in the Northern Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates. It finds that expatriate student choices are often constrained by structural factors that limit their mobility, including costs and family commitments, and are informed by senses of belonging and familiarity in their adoptive country of residence. Findings are contextualized through a discussion of an international education market which capitalizes on immobility and commercializes access to expressions of global citizenship. It concludes with implications for mobility research and calls for greater nuance in discussions on students attending international institutions of higher education. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201603021092
Simple, low-cost, water-processable n-type thermoelectric composite films from multiwall carbon nanotubes in polyvinylpyrrolidone

Abstract A significant challenge facing the advancement of organic thermoelectric devices is developing low-cost, solution-processable, air-stable, high performance n -type materials. In this work, we fabricate multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite films by simply dispersing MWCNTs and PVP in water and spraying the resulting ink onto a substrate. We report a switch in the Seebeck coefficient of the MWCNTs from p -type to n -type behavior, even when the concentration of MWCNTs is as high as 90 wt.% in PVP. Additionally, we observe a great enhancement of the thermoelectric properties of the material when low quantities of polyethyleneimine (PEI) are added, reaching an n -type power factor of 1.98 μW m −1 K −2 for a composite film containing 30 wt.% MWCNTs in PVP and 0.05 PEI/MWCNT wt. ratio. Furthermore, the material shows good air and thermal stability. We believe that the low-cost of the components, the air-stability and the simplicity of the water-processable system make PVP/MWCNTs a potential n -type organic material for future thermoelectric applications.
The relationship between medical education and trans health disparities: a call to research

According to the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 28% of trans respondents reported postponing medical care due to discrimination, and 28% reported being harassed by providers when they did seek out care. Scholars have proposed that what is taught (or not) in medical schools might play a role in the unequal health care experienced by many trans people. As medical education becomes a site of intervention for reducing transgender health disparities, it presents opportunities for sociologists to study and explain the processes by which medical training creates, reinforces, and potentially challenges stigma-related health disparities. In this paper, we propose three areas of inquiry that might help explain this situation: the hidden curriculum, patient health movements and consumerism, and medical competency. By employing these concepts, we argue that sociologists can develop more comprehensive explanations for the relationship between medical education and transgender health inequalities and offer solutions to address this disparity.
Perilesional Hyperintensity on T1-Weighted Images in Intra-Axial Brain Masses other than Cavernous Malformations.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging in perilesional vasogenic edema has been reported as a useful sign for differentiating cavernous malformation from other hemorrhagic intra-axial masses. In this study, we investigated the frequency of perilesional hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging in patients with intra-axial hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic brain masses. METHODS The study was performed with the approval of the institutional review board. Magnetic resonance images of 218 patients with 282 intra-axial brain masses (129 metastases, 46 gliomas, 18 primary central nervous system lymphomas [PCNSLs], 25 intracerebral hemorrhages, 50 cavernous malformations, and 14 patients with brain abscesses) were evaluated. The signal intensity in perilesional area was qualitatively evaluated on T1-weighted sequences. In addition, signal intensity in perilesional area was quantitatively measured on T1-weighted sequences and normalized to the contralateral white matter. RESULTS Hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging in perilesional vasogenic edema was found in 12 (9%) of 129 metastases, 8 (16%) of 50 cavernous malformations, 1 (4%) in 25 nonneoplastic intracerebral hemorrhages, and none of the patients with high-grade glioma, PCNSL, or abscess. All of the lesions with perilesional hyperintensity showed either acute or subacute hemorrhage. Pairwise comparison of qualitative hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. Perilesional hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging showed high specificity in both metastasis and cavernous malformation groups (94%). CONCLUSION Perilesional hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging is not limited to cavernous malformations and frequently evident with melanoma and other hemorrhagic metastasis to the brain. In our experience, it was not seen in high-grade glioma, PCNSL, and brain abscess.
Cooperative Regulatory Functions of miR858 and MYB83 during Cyst Nematode Parasitism

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) recently have been established as key regulators of transcriptome reprogramming that define cell function and identity. Nevertheless, the molecular functions of the greatest number of miRNA genes remain to be determined. Here, we report cooperative regulatory functions of miR858 and its MYB83 transcription factor target gene in transcriptome reprogramming during Heterodera cyst nematode parasitism of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression analyses and promoter-GUS fusion assays documented a role of miR858 in posttranscriptional regulation of MYB83 in the Heterodera schachtii-induced feeding sites, the syncytia. Constitutive overexpression of miR858 interfered with H. schachtii parasitism of Arabidopsis, leading to reduced susceptibility, while reduced miR858 abundance enhanced plant susceptibility. Similarly, MYB83 expression increases were conducive to nematode infection because overexpression of a noncleavable coding sequence of MYB83 significantly increased plant susceptibility, whereas a myb83 mutation rendered the plants less susceptible. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in hormone signaling pathways, defense response, glucosinolate biosynthesis, cell wall modification, sugar transport, and transcriptional control are the key etiological factors by which MYB83 facilitates nematode parasitism of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we discovered that miR858-mediated silencing of MYB83 is tightly regulated through a feedback loop that might contribute to fine-tuning the expression of more than a thousand of MYB83-regulated genes in the H. schachtii-induced syncytium. Together, our results suggest a role of the miR858-MYB83 regulatory system in finely balancing gene expression patterns during H. schachtii parasitism of Arabidopsis to ensure optimal cellular function.
Denatonium-induced sinonasal bacterial killing may play a role in chronic rhinosinusitis outcomes.

Background Sinonasal bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) contribute to upper airway innate immunity and correlate with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) clinical outcomes. A subset of T2Rs expressed on sinonasal solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are activated by denatonium, resulting in a calcium-mediated secretion of bactericidal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in neighboring ciliated epithelial cells. We hypothesized that there is patient variability in the amount of bacterial killing induced by different concentrations of denatonium and that the differences correlate with CRS clinical outcomes. Methods Bacterial growth inhibition was quantified after mixing bacteria with airway surface liquid (ASL) collected from denatonium-stimulated sinonasal air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Patient ASL bacterial killing at 0.1 mM denatonium and baseline characteristics and sinus surgery outcomes were compared between these populations. Results There is variability in the degree of denatonium-induced bacterial killing between patients. In CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), patients with increased bacterial killing after stimulation with low levels of denatonium undergo significantly more functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESSs) (p = 0.037) and have worse 6-month post-FESS 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores (p = 0.012). Conclusion Bacterial killing after stimulation with low levels of denatonium correlates with number of prior FESS and postoperative SNOT-22 scores in CRSwNP. Some symptoms of CRS in patients with hyperresponsiveness to low levels of denatonium may be due to increased airway immune activity or inherent disease severity.
The Application and Evaluation of Banker's Algorithm for Deadlock-Free Buffer Space Allocation in Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Deadlock-free operation is essential for operating highly automated manufacturing systems. The seminal deadlock avoidance procedure, Banker's algorithm, was developed for computer operating systems, an environment where very little information regarding the future resource requirements of executing processes is known. Manufacturing researchers have tended to dismiss Banker's algorithm as too conservative in the manufacturing environment where future resource requirements are well defined by part routes. In this work, we investigate this issue by developing variants of Banker's algorithm applicable to buffer space allocation in flexible manufacturing. We show that these algorithms are not overly conservative and that, indeed, Banker's approach can provide very good operational flexibility when properly applied to the manufacturing environment.
Thermodynamical and Logical Irreversibility

In my attempt to erase memory, I noticed that erasure protocols that differ subtly give measurably different values for the asymptotic work, a result I explain by showing that one protocol is symmetric with the respect to time reversal, while the other is not. The differences between the protocols help clarify the distinctions between thermodynamic and logical reversibility. Here, I compare thermodynamically reversible and irreversible protocol using computer simulations.
RNA imaging: A tale of two G-quadruplexes.

In contrast to proteins, no intrinsically fluorescent RNA is known to exist in nature. In this issue, a new, red-shifted aptamer–fluorophore complex for RNA imaging that has enhanced photostability is described. The crystal structure of this complex reveals a novel form of RNA small-molecule recognition.
Exploring the learning progression–formative assessment hypothesis

The purpose of this special issue is to explore the hypothesis that learning progressions—“descriptions of the successively more sophisticated ways of thinking about a topic that can follow one ano...
Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Tumors: Cell State Trumps the Oncogenic Driver

Small-cell neuroendocrine cancers often originate in the lung but can also arise in the bladder or prostate. Phenotypically, small-cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) shares many similarities with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). It is unknown whether SCCB and SCLC share common genetic driver mutations. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1775-6. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Chang et al., p. 1965.
Regenerative Endodontic Treatment with Orthodontic Treatment in a Tooth with Dens Evaginatus: A Case Report with a 4-year Follow-up.

Abstract Dens evaginatus is a developmental tooth anomaly in which an extra cusp or tubercle protrudes on the occlusal surface of the tooth along with some pulpal tissue. Because of the fragile nature of the protrusion, these teeth are often at risk of pulpal exposure. When this occurs in an immature tooth, regenerative endodontic treatment may be a good treatment approach to promote root formation. There is limited literature that documents the occurrence of orthodontic treatment in teeth that have undergone regenerative endodontic therapy using triple antibiotic paste. Here we present a case of an immature premolar tooth with dens evaginatus that was diagnosed with pulp necrosis and chronic apical abscess. The tooth was treated with regenerative endodontic treatment; after which, the patient received orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances for 2 years. The tooth responded favorably to the regenerative endodontic treatment and orthodontic tooth movement. Clinically and radiographically, all the follow-up examinations revealed an asymptomatic tooth with evidence of periapical healing with stunted root development. The tooth remained asymptomatic even after 4 years. The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) was successful in treating an immature permanent premolar with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis with dens evaginatus. In this case, the tooth treated with an REP responded to orthodontic treatment similar to the nonendodontically treated teeth. Further studies are recommended to clarify the precise effects of orthodontic treatment on teeth treated with an REP.
Defining the B-Cell Repertoire with Hybridomas Derived from Monoclonal Fragment Cultures

Despite a decade of intense study, the mechanism responsible for generation of the enormous array of antibody specificities remains an intriguing problem. Our current knowledge of these questions has in large measure been obtained by the analysis of a small set of denned antibodies. These have been obtained either fortuitously from among the array of murine myeloma proteins shown to be identical to naturally derived antibodies (Leon and Young, 1971; Sher and Cohn, 1972; Cohn et al., 1974; Lieberman et al., 1976) or from a rare set of immune responses which are dominated by a single antibody specificity or clono-type (Cohn et al., 1974; Lieberman et al., 1976; Consenza and Kohler, 1972; Gearhart et al., 1975; Eichmann, 1975; Makela and Karjalainen, 1977; Imanishi and Makela, 1975; Nisonoff and Bangasser, 1975). Extensive use of these systems has provided evidence of a large degree of sharing of antibody repertoire among individuals of an inbred strain. This would indicate a significant genetic component in the expression of antibody repertoire. At the same time, since such specificities appear to be largely restricted to mice of a given heavy- or light-chain allotype (Cohn et al., 1974; Eichmann, 1975; Makela and Karjalainen, 1977; Laskin et al., 1977), these studies also imply significant polymorphism among the expressed repertoires of murine strains.
Quasi‐Static Fields of Dipole Antennas Located Above the Earth's Surface

The electric and magnetic field components produced by vertical and horizontal dipole antennas (both electric and magnetic types) located at or above the surface of a semi-infinite conducting medium are derived and presented for the quasi-static range. The horizontal separation between the transmitting and receiving dipole antennas (ρ) is assumed to be much greater than their heights (h and z, respectively). These derivations are the result of applying the quasi-static approximation to the basic Sommerfeld integrals, utilizing the reciprocity theorem and expanding the exponential term involving the antenna heights in a power series. When ρ is much greater than an earth skin depth (δ), δ ≪ δ, or h = z = o+, the formulas for the field-component expressions reduce to previously derived results. Some numerical values for these expressions are also provided.
A Probabilistic Characterization of Allocation Performance in a Worker-Constrained Job Shop

We analyze a dual resource constrained (DRC) job shop in which both machines and workers are limited, and we seek to minimize L max, the maximum job lateness. An allocation of workers to machine groups is required to generate a schedule, and determining a schedule that minimizes L max is NP-hard. This chapter details a probabilistic method for evaluating the quality of a specific (but arbitrary) allocation in a given DRC job shop scheduling problem based on two recent articles by Lobo et al. (2013a) The first article Lobo et al. (2013b) describes a lower bound on L max given an allocation, and an algorithm to find an allocation yielding the smallest such lower bound, while the second article Lobo et al. (2013b) establishes criteria for verifying the optimality of an allocation. For situations where the optimality criteria are not satisfied, Lobo et al. (2013c) presents HSP, a heuristic search procedure to find allocations enabling the Virtual Factory (a heuristic scheduler developed by Hodgson et al. in 1998) to generate schedules with smaller L max than can be achieved with allocations yielding article 1’s final lower bound. From simulation replications of the given DRC job shop scheduling problem, we estimate the distribution of the difference between (a) the “best” (smallest) L max value achievable with a Virtual Factory–generated schedule, taken over all feasible allocations; and (b) the final lower bound of Lobo et al. (2013b). To evaluate the quality of a specific allocation for the given problem, we compute the difference between L max for the Virtual Factory–generated schedule based on the specific allocation, and the associated lower bound (b) for the problem; then we refer this difference to the estimated distribution to judge the likelihood that the specific allocation yields the Virtual Factory’s “best” schedule (a) for the given problem. We present several examples illustrating the usefulness of our approach, and summarize the lessons learned in this work.
Problems Related to Immunosuppressions: Infection and Malignancy Occurring After Solid Organ Transplantation

Solid organ transplantation patients are prone to various types of infection due to bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoan, and parasitic agents, as well as many different kinds of malignancy. Many factors have been shown to predispose patients to infection after solid organ transplantation. These include diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, leukopenia, splenectomy, persistent uremia, cadaveric allograft tiansplantation, and repeated treatment of peisistent or recurrent rejection.
Some Elementary Concepts of Medicine, According to the Students

In this course on ‘clinical epidemiology,’ the students – residents and fellows in various clinical disciplines – should already have gained secure command of general concepts of medicine, most elementary concepts in particular (cf. Sect. II – 1). To give them a sense of the extent to which they actually did have this background, they were given the assignment to define a particular set of elementary concepts of medicine. Their definitions were, generally, quite inconsistent (App. 1) and, thus, substantially at variance with what they should have been (App. 2).
The Arthroscopic Treatment of the Stiff Elbow

Loss of elbow motion due to trauma or arthritis is common and significantly impairs function of the upper extremity. Morrey et al. [1] documented in 33 normal volunteers that the activities of daily living (ADLs) require a functional arc of approximately 100∘ of flexion and extension of the elbow (30∘-130∘).
Capitalizing on Nature: Spatial variation in ecosystems

Two fundamental and interconnected themes in ecology are the development and maintenance of spatial and temporal pattern, and the consequences of that pattern for the dynamics of populations and ecosystems. (Levin 1992, p. 1959) Introduction Since the seminal contribution by Clark (1976), economists have sought to develop spatial models of resource management in a variety of contexts, including renewable resource harvesting, deforestation, mining, biological invasion, coastal services, and marine reserve establishment. Although ecology has long been interested in the spatial pattern and geographical distribution of organisms, since the 1980s ecologists have increasingly acknowledged the importance of spatial scale in influencing the structure and functions of ecosystems. The aim of this chapter is to show how the latter spatial considerations also matter in the treatment of ecosystems as natural assets. Chapter 3 suggested that by adopting ecological landscape, or land area, as the basic unit, modeling an ecosystem as a natural asset is relatively straightforward. The natural asset model developed in the chapter demonstrated the likely ecological and economic tradeoffs that occur when an ecological landscape is converted as opposed to conserved or even possibly restored. Although the flow of ecosystem services provided by the landscape was critical to assessing these tradeoffs over time, there was no explicit discussion about how the spatial pattern of the ecological production of these services might vary across the landscape.
Models for Supported Aqueous-Phase Catalysis

Immobilized homogeneous catalysts constitute a class of catalysts,which attempt to combine the merits of classical homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, i.e. high selectivities and mild reaction conditions with an ease of catalyst separation and recycling [1]. One of the most recent techniques for the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts is to adsorb a thin layer of aqueous solution of a water soluble catalyst precursor onto a hydrophyllic support such as silica [2]. It has been shown that the thus formed immobilized catalysts, termed supported aqueous-phase (SAP) catalysts, are effective for a variety of catalytic reactions in solvents which are immiscible with water [3]. It has also been proven that when a hydrophobic organic solvent is used with SAP catalysts, the adsorbed thin layer of water provides hydrogen bridges between the polar functional groups of the catalyst complex and those of the silica support strong and mobile enough to give an active immobilized catalyst which does not leach into the organic phase [2–4]. However, the nature of SAP catalysis is not yet fully explored. For example, it is ambiguous where exactly the actual catalytic process takes place with an SAP catalyst.
Hydrogenases and Hydrogen Metabolism in Photosynthetic Prokaryotes

Hydrogen plays important, different roles in a variety of photosynthetic prokaryotes. The variety of different hydrogenases, their catalytic sites, maturation, and genetic organization are reviewed in the context of what is known about these enzymes from model non-photosynthetic organisms. Examples from specific cyanobacteria and various anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are discussed in detail along with what is known about their metabolic role. The latest findings on transcriptional regulators and the metabolic conditions that regulate the expression of hydrogenases in various photosynthetic prokaryotes are emphasized.
US hegemony and regime change in Latin America

ABSTRACTWe contribute to the extensive literature on international influences on democratization and democratic breakdowns by conceptualizing hegemonic mechanisms of regime change and assessing the...
Association of CEP72 genotype with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.

e14107Background: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) frequently results in dose reduction or therapy discontinuation. An associated risk of vincristine-related neuropathy has been previously rep...
A Comparative Study of Industrial Energy Assessments for Small and Medium-Sized Industrial Facilities

The Industrial Assessment Center at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (WM-IAC) has implemented over 100 industrial energy, waste, and productivity assessments, and has recommended $9.5 million of energy and operational savings with about 950 recommendations since it was re-established in 2011. This paper analyzes the assessments, and the recommendations were performed over two years only, 2014 and 2015. During these two years, a total of 40 assessments were created by visiting different manufacturing facilities with the analysis of the data gathered and processed. The determinants of the data were the number of recommendations, recommended energy savings (in kWh/year), recommended energy cost savings (in US$/year), implemented energy savings (in US$/year), the Standard Industrial Code (SIC) and the groups of Energy Efficiency Opportunities (EEOs). Such an analytical study was meant to reveal the significance of EEO groups through a variety of SICs in terms of the potential for energy savings, particularly focused towards choosing plant facilities for IAC assessments. Additionally, this paper could be considered as a guide for plant managers, energy engineers and other personnel involved in the energy assessment process. Conclusions are inferred with respect to the most promising EEOs that can be resolved based on the characteristics of the manufacturing plants visited. The information investigated can pave the way for composing energy demanding industries and expose priority goal areas regarding minimizing the energy consumption.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Outcomes in Chest Wall Reconstruction Using Methyl Methacrylate Prostheses: A Review of the Literature and Case Series Utilizing a Novel Approach with Biologic Mesh

Background Composite defects after chest wall resection may leave patients at risk with lack of protection of vital structures and potentially respiratory compromise secondary to flail segments. Reconstruction of the chest wall with various alloplastic materials is possible and well described. Here, the authors present a novel technique in chest wall reconstruction utilizing a methyl methacrylate (MMA) “sandwich” with biologic mesh. The authors also sought to determine outcomes in chest wall reconstruction with MMA to optimize surgical decision making and minimize patient morbidity. Methods A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library for primary research articles on chest wall reconstruction using MMA. Data related to surgical techniques and patient outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The authors also present their case series and outcomes utilizing a novel technique with biologic mesh. Results Seventy-four articles met inclusion criteria, which included a total of 562 patients. Reconstruction methods included three main variations of the MMA prosthesis and six institution-specific variations. Complications were reported in 13.7% of patients; the most common complications included infection (5.6%), respiratory failure (3.3%), and atelectasis (1.7%). Less commonly reported complications included prosthesis dislocation (1.2%), pneumonia (1.0%), and lung collapse (0.4%). Overall mortality due to respiratory causes was observed in nine patients (1.6%). In our case series, complications included respiratory failure and seroma was reported in one patient, with no complications at long-term follow-up. Conclusion There are a variety of options available for rigid and nonrigid prosthetic repair of the chest wall. We present the first successful reported case series of reconstruction using biologic mesh as a component of the MMA sandwich prosthesis. MMA appears to be a safe and effective choice for rigid reconstruction when used alone or in conjunction with synthetic or biologic mesh.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is one of the most common subtypes of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). ALCL is an aggressive lymphoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK-positive) ALCL generally having a better prognosis and occurring in younger patients than ALK-negative ALCL. Multiagent chemotherapy, now with the addition of brentuximab vedotin, an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate, is the recommended initial therapy for ALCL with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue reserved for consolidation of patients at high risk of relapse. Novel treatments targeting the universally expressed surface receptor on ALCL cells, CD30, and the ALK tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors have provided patients with relapsed or refractory ALCL more effective treatment options.
Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharides: a structural and synthetic perspective

The S. aureus bacterium is surrounded by capsular polysaccharides. These capsular polysaccharides are important in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infection. There are 11 serotypes of capsular polysaccharides that have been identified, and a majority of strains express capsular polysaccharides type 5 (CP5) or 8 (CP8). The main focus of this review is to describe recent advances in the area of the chemical synthesis of monosaccharide components of S. aureus CP, oligosaccharide assembly and functionalization. Chemical routes to obtain oligosaccharides derived from CP1, CP5 and CP8 represent a compendium of modern classics of the total synthesis of challenging glycan sequences.
Postnatal fate of donor mesenchymal stem cells after transamniotic stem cell therapy in a healthy model.

Abstract Purpose We sought to examine donor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate after birth following transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) in a healthy model. Methods Lewis rat fetuses (n = 91) were divided into two groups based on the content of volume-matched intraamniotic injections performed on gestational day 17 (term = 21–22 days): either a suspension of amniotic fluid-derived MSCs (afMSCs) labeled with luciferase (n = 38) or acellular luciferase only (n = 53). Infused afMSCs consisted of syngeneic Lewis rat cells phenotyped by flow cytometry. Samples from 14 anatomical sites (heart, lung, brain, liver, spleen, pancreas, bowel, kidney, thyroid, skin, skeletal muscle, thymus, peripheral blood and bone marrow) from survivors were screened for luciferase activity 16 days after birth. Statistical analysis was by logistic regression and the Wald test (p Results Overall survival was 32% (29/91). When controlled by the acellular luciferase injections, donor afMSCs were not identified at any anatomical site in any neonate as measured by relative light units (all p > 0.05). Donor afMSC viability was confirmed in term placentas. Conclusions Donor mesenchymal stem cells are not detectable in the neonate after intraamniotic injection in a normal syngeneic rodent model. This finding suggests that clinical trials of transamniotic stem cell therapy may be amenable to regulatory approval. Level of evidence N/A (animal and laboratory study).
Reoperative Pectus Repair Using Biomaterials.

Background Reoperation after failed pectus repair, Open or Nuss, is complex. In the majority of patients, metal bars or plates are used. Recently, an absorbable bar (poly-L-lactide [PLA]) was introduced for rib fixation. This series is my experience of using this biomaterial for reoperative pectus surgery. Methods We respectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were referred to our institution for pectus abnormalities; 180 patients were evaluated, 62 patients (34%) underwent reoperation. Results Sixty-two patients underwent reoperative Open repair. Median age was 38 years (range 18-, 72 years); 39 (63%) were men. Thirty-two patients had Open repair for recurrent pectus using posterior sternal support with PLA bars, and 30 patients with acquired restrictive thoracic dystrophy had expansion surgery with multiple PLA bars. Median hospital stay was 7 days (4-21 days). Postoperative complications occurred in 22 patients (35%); late complications in 10 patients (16%); all required reoperation for incisional or soft tissue issues. No patient required reoperation for a pectus or acquired restrictive thoracic dystrophy recurrence. Patient satisfaction was excellent in 85%, good in 8%, fair in 4%, and poor in 3%. Conclusions Reoperative pectus surgery is complex and requires a detailed preoperative evaluation and individualized plan for correction. Use of PLA absorbable bars for sternal support and chest cavity expansion provides a safe alternative. Soft tissue complications are common and reversible; early results are promising in these challenging patients.
Maybe They’re Not So Different After All: Personality and Job Satisfaction Among Government and Non-Government Workers

It is becoming increasingly clear that individual personality traits explain a variety of outcomes in public management. There is, however, no extant evidence about whether personality traits vary between public and non-government workers or whether personality affects job outcomes in distinct ways across sectors. This study, therefore, seeks to fill this gap in the literature. Using a series of bivariate and multivariate tests on a large sample of Americans employed in the public and non-government sectors, this study examines the relationship between employees’ personality and their level of job satisfaction. In the study, I find that a five-factor model of personality can help explain variation in job satisfaction of public and non-government workers. I also find that workers employed by public sector organizations display similar profiles to those who work in non-government sectors. Thus, the effects of personality on job satisfaction is not contingent on employment sector. These findings offer important lessons for our understanding of public personnel management, public service motivation, and the intersection of psychology and public administration.
The Post: A token woman leader's transformation

In this precarious time of staying at home due to the Covid-19 pandemic, people often ask around what movies are worth watching. I recommend the movie, The Post, directed by Steven Spielberg in 2017. In this review, I am going to provide a rationale for why I keep returning to the movie: it gave me opportunities to ponder what it means to be a token woman leader who began as a housewife and became a transformational leader in U.S. history. I present here select notable scenes that are memorable and inspiring. To that end, I capture the scenes first and then add my own reviews from the lens of women's leadership. My conclusion: we need to hear more transformational women leaders' voices that will help inspire women in the next generation.
We Sheltered and Learned: Converting a Face-to-Face Course During a Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a face-to-face class was converted in a week to an online format. Students and their instructor learned how to progress through content and to support each other under...
Exploring Low Dimensional Objects in High Dimensional Spaces

We discuss general principles and a software implementation for visualizing low dimensional objects in high dimensional spaces. By high dimensional space we mean euclidian space of dimension greater than four. The low dimensional objects are modeled, mathematically, by simplicial complexes of dimension 4 or less. A particular software visualization project, named Hew, is discussed. An example of an embedded three dimensional projective space is featured in the figures.
A Comparative Analysis of School and Student Characteristics on Bullying in Urban Career Academies and a Large Comprehensive High School

In this study, we examined the relationship between school type and students’ victimization and observations of bullying in their schools. We compared student perceptions (N = 1,283) of bullying in...
Comments on “Stearic acid solubility in mixed solvents of (water + ethanol) and (ethanol + ethyl acetate): Experimental data and comparison among different thermodynamic models”

Abstract A polemic is given regarding the author's calculated values pertaining to the “goodness-of-fit” used to indicate the better of the predictive expressions considered to describe the observed solubility data of stearic acid. In the case of the van't Hoff model the author averaged the individual relative deviations for the solubility of stearic acid in both the ethanol and ethyl acetate mono-solvents. Positive and negative relative individual deviations would thus cancel. For the modified Apelblat model the author averaged the absolute values of the individual relative deviations for the solubility of stearic acid in the two organic mono-solvents.
Do forests provide watershed services for farmers in the humid tropics? Evidence from the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract Forests are a key component of hydrological cycles, and thus deforestation is likely to affect the availability and quality of water for downstream agricultural production. However, in humid tropical regions where water is relatively abundant and the terrain is relatively flat, it is unclear whether these changes in ecosystem services matter to local farmers. We test whether the extent of forest in upstream drainage areas affects downstream farm production in an agricultural colonization zone in the Brazilian Amazon. We first estimate panel models of the output of milk, which is the primary farm product in our study region. We then test for effects on pasture stocking and cow productivity as possible pathways for the effect of upstream forests on milk output. Estimation results suggest that upstream forest increases the productivity of properties with small drainage areas. The effects are strongest when water is either scarce (dry season of drought years) or excessive (rainy season of flood years). The contribution of Amazonian forests to the resilience of the local farm economy is likely to become more important as rainfall becomes more variable due to regional and global climate change.
Application and evaluation of a low-cost PM sensor and data fusion with CMAQ simulations to quantify the impacts of prescribed burning on air quality in Southwestern Georgia, USA.

Prescribed burning (PB) is a prominent source of PM2.5 in the southeastern US and exposure to PB smoke is a health risk. As demand for burning increases and stricter controls are implemented for ot...
Experiences of Informatics Health Care Workers Redeployed to Provide Telehealth in a Coronavirus Disease-Screening Hub.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in many health care workers across the country being redeployed to different clinical roles. This study aimed to evaluate the unique experience of team members in our health system from clinical informatics who were redeployed to provide emergency telehealth care in a clinical role. Methods: Clinical informatics team members were redeployed during the first month of the pandemic onset in March 2020 to a clinic providing virtual screening for COVID-19. Participants completed an anonymous survey after 90 days. Results: During the study period, 76 clinical informatics team members provided telehealth and 85.3% of those eligible responded to the survey. Respondents felt prepared with clinical protocols and technical tools. The most common stressors were rapidly changing clinical protocols. Participants enjoyed the chance to work with patients and aiding during a pandemic. Conclusions: Clinical informatics team members redeployed to a virtual care screening hub endorsed positive experiences and the majority said that they would provide virtual care again. This experience gave important insights on how informatics skills can aid in a rapid coordinated telehealth response.