cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conway's tiling groups

John Conway discovered a technique using infinite, finitely presented groups that in a number of interesting cases resolves the question of whether a region in the plane can be tessellated by given tiles. The idea is that the tiles can be interpreted as describing relators in a group, in such a way that the plane region can be tiled, only if the group element which describes the boundary of the region is the trivial element 1. A convenient way to describe the construction is by means of the Cayley graph or graph of a group. If G is a group, then its graph F(G) with respect to generators g1, g2 . . ., gn is a directed graph whose vertices are the elements of the group. For each vertex v E F(G), there will be n outgoing edges, labeled by the generators, and n incoming edges: the edge labeled gi connects v to vgi. It is convenient to make a slight modification of this picture when a generator gi has order 2. In that case, instead of drawing an arrow from v to vgi and another arrow from vgi back to v, we draw a single undirected edge labeled gi. Thus, in a drawing of the graph of a group, if there are any undirected edges, it is understood that the corresponding generator has order 2. The graph of a group is automatically homogeneous: for every element g E G, the transformation v -4 gv is an automorphism of the graph. Every automorphism of the labeled graph has this form. This property characterizes graphs of groups: a graph whose edges are labeled by a finite set F such that there is exactly one incoming and one outgoing edge with each label at each vertex is the graph of a group if and only if it admits an automorphism taking any vertex to any other. Whenever R is a relator for the group, that is, a word in the generators which represents 1, then if you start from v EF rand trace out R, you get back to v again. If G has presentation
Immigrant Narratives and Popular Culture in the United States: Border Spectacle, Unmotivated Sympathies, and Individualized Responsibilities

Issues related to immigration have long been present in U.S. television and print news cycles. In recent years, those issues have become more prevalent in U.S. popular culture, especially in television and popular music. In this essay, we analyze three representative and diverse examples from U.S. popular media to better understand the representation of immigrant narratives: ABC's Ugly Betty, the Chicano band, Los Lobos's 2006 album, The Town and the City, and CNN Presents “Immigrant Nation.” From our analysis, we advance three interconnected arguments: First, personalized narratives of the immigrant experience reify stereotypes through accumulation and repetition that contributes to the construction of border spectacle. Second, audiences interpret individualized accounts through ambivalent readings that function to entrench audience beliefs and attitudes about immigrants and immigration which create unmotivated sympathies. Finally, individual accounts humanize issues related to immigration, but they also...
Association by hydrogen bonding of free nucleosides in non-aqueous solution

The interactions of purines and pyrimidines in solution have been studied by measuring their proton magnetic resonance spectra. In dimethyl sulfoxide, a solvent with no exchangeable protons, a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the complementary bases guanine and cytosine is evident in the large down-field shifts of the donor protons. No association is seen for adenine—uracil combinations in this solvent, apparently because of the competition of the capability of hydrogen-bond acceptance of the solvent with that of the bases. In the relatively non-hydrogen bonding solvent chloroform, intermolecular base association between soluble adenine and uracil derivatives is clearly observed. Chemical shifts of the donor protons as a function of varying relative nucleoside concentrations indicates a one-to-one association between guanosine and cytidine. The behavior of the adenine—uracil mixtures indicates a higher-order interaction. By using a mixed solvent system consisting of one hydrogen bond-accepting component and another component which is inert, it is possible to obtain solutions of and to measure the interactions between various nucleosides. In this mixed solvent system a striking specificity of interaction is evident. Guanosine interacts with cytidine strongly and, except for a weak self-association, interacts with no other nucleoside. Uridine associates with adenosine and shows no other interaction. In pure dimethyl sulfoxide, the only interaction of cytidine is with guanosine.
CNS fibrinolysis: a review of the literature with a pediatric emphasis

In vitro studies of cerebrospinal fluid indicate that normal cerebrospinal fluid contains very low levels of fibrinolytic enzymes but that fibrinolytic activity is higher in pathologic compared with normal conditions and in older compared with younger patients. Because of the low endogenous fibrinolytic activity of the central nervous system, intraventricular fibrinolytic therapy has been studied in adult and pediatric patients for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage/posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage with secondary cerebral vasospasm. A review of the literature about endogenous and exogenous fibrinolysis studies of animals, adult humans, and pediatric humans reveals a record of predominant safety and efficacy. Although its use in the adult population for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage with secondary vasospasm has become an accepted therapy in some centers, its use in the pediatric population is less common. It is no longer considered in the treatment of meningitis, but its role in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage/posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is still being investigated.
A Hahn-Banach theorem for semifields

Iseki and Kasahara (see [3]) have given a Hahn-Banach type theorem for semifield-valued linear functionals on real linear spaces. We shall generalize their result by considering linear spaces over semifields.
A SURVEY OF 155 DEATHS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

WITH THE PASSAGE OF TIME, it becomes more and more apparent that insulin therapy, despite its great value in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, is by no means a panacea for the many complications seen in the course of, this chronic disease. The series of diabetic deaths to be described here represent the total number of patients who died at the Jewish Hospital in the period 1930–1938 from any cause whatever and who showed laboratory evidence of diabetes mellitus, a fasting blood sugar determination being routine at this institution. There were 155 such deaths. In 58 cases (37.4%) autopsies were performed. There were 91 Jewish patients in this group and 64 non-Jewish patients, a ratio of 1.42:1. About ⅔ of all the Jewish patients were born in Russia, while ⅔ of the non-Jews were native born. The ratio of Jews to non-Jews among all medical deaths at the same institution during the same interval was 1.47. It would appear that diabetes did not claim more than its theoretical proportion of Jews at this hospit...
Microwave spectrum and structure of fluoroformyliminosulfur difluoride

Abstract The microwave spectrum of fluoroformyliminosulfur difluoride was investigated using both low- and high-resolution techniques in the region of 12.5–26.0 GHz. The results of the investigation led to the conclusion that there is a single isomer which is cis with respect to the nitrogen and sulfur lone-pair electrons. The assignment of the high-resolution spectra of two isotopic species allowed a partial r 0 structure to be determined. The determined parameters tend to preclude any rotation about the SN bond.
Going global: functions of autobiographical remembering world tour.

This special issue showcases research from around the world that takes a functional approach to autobiographical remembering. In doing so, it inspires researchers to reach out to new populations. This commentary begins with a brief history of the functional approach. Person–environment interactions, in this case how individuals use memory in their current cultural context, are at the core of that approach. Based on current theoretical thinking in this area, I review the papers in this issue with the aim of exploring: (1) where culture and function might fit in current conceptualisations of autobiographical memory, (2) the relation of culture to socio-structural variables such as gender and life phase in shaping the functions of memory and (3) differences in cultural tendencies to use autobiographical memory as a resource to fulfil universal human needs.
Potent Adjuvantic Activity of a CCR1-agonistic Bis-Quinoline

Abstract A bis-quinoline compound, (7-chloro-N-(4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)butyl)quinolin-4-amine; RE-660) was found to have C–C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1)-agonistic properties. RE-660 displayed strong adjuvantic activity in mice when co-administered with bovine α-lactalbumin used as a model subunit protein antigen. RE-660 evoked a balanced Th1 (IgG2)/Th2 (IgG1) antibody profile, and the quality of antibodies elicited by the bis-quinoline was found to be superior to that evoked by glucopyranosyl lipid A by surface plasmon resonance experiments. No evidence of proinflammatory activity was observed in human blood ex vivo models. In preliminary acute toxicity studies, the compound was found to be of lower toxicity than chloroquine in mice, and was non-mutagenic in an Ames screen.
Anisotropic tribological properties of SiC

Abstract The anisotropic friction, deformation and fracture behavior of singlecrystal SiC surfaces were investigated in two categories. The first is that in which friction and wear of SiC arises primarily from adhesion between sliding solid surfaces in contact and the second is where friction and wear of SiC occur as a result of the surface sliding against a hard particle. The categories are called adhesive and abrasive wear processes respectively. In the adhesive wear process the adhesion, friction and wear of SiC are markedly dependent on crystallographic orientation. The force to re-establish the shearing fracture of an adhesive bond at the interface between SiC and a metal is the lowest in the preferred orientation of the SiC slip system. The fracturing of SiC occurs near the adhesive bond to the metal and it is due to primary cleavages of both prismatic {1010} and basal {0001} planes. In the abrasion process of SiC the 〈1010〉 direction on the basal plane exhibits the lowest coefficient of friction and the greatest resistance to abrasion for SiC. The anisotropic friction and plastic deformation are primarily controlled by the slip system {1010} 〈1120〉. The anisotropic fracture in the abrasion process is due to primary cleavages of {0001}, {1010} and {1120} planes.
Isobaric Analog States of Ti 51 Studied by Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Protons on Ti 50

The isobaric analogs of levels in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{51}$ from ${E}_{x}=2.0\ensuremath{-}5.5$ MeV are observed here as resonances in ($p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) scattering on ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{50}$. Excitation functions for the inelastic ${{p}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{'}}({2}^{+})$ and ${{p}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{'}}({4}^{+})$ transitions have been determined at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{la}\mathrm{}\mathrm{b}}={90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ and 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from an incident energy of 3.4-7.1 MeV. Twenty-two analog resonances have been identified within this range, and aspects of the accompanying intermediate and fine structure are discussed. Several on-resonance angular distributions have been measured. In some cases, they display marked asymmetries about 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, indicating the presence of direct-reaction interference effects. A Breit-Wigner analysis of the elastic and inelastic data was carried out, and the resulting partial and total widths are given. The associated spectroscopic factors and excitation energies are compared with the values found from ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{50}(d,p){\mathrm{Ti}}^{51}$. Several possible reaction processes are considered in the description of the resonant inelastic proton transitions to the first ${0}^{+}$, ${3}^{+}$, and ${4}^{+}$ states in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{50}$, and information on the levels of ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{51}$ is discussed in terms of the core-excited model.
Precision isotope shifts for the heavy elements. II. Neutral thorium

High-resolution spectra of a 232ThI4/230ThI4 electrodeless discharge lamp were obtained from 5600 to 36000 cm−1 with a Fourier-transform spectrometer. The splittings of more than 2800 Th i isotopic doublets were measured to an accuracy of 0.001 cm−1. Level isotope shifts were determined for 274 even and 318 odd levels of Th i.
Yield and Clinical Predictors of Thoracic Spine Injury from Chest Computed Tomography for Blunt Trauma

Introduction: Cost and radiation risk have prompted intense examination of trauma patient imaging. A proposed decision instrument (DI) for the use of chest computed tomography (CT), (CCT) in blunt trauma patients includes thoracic spine (TS) tenderness, altered mental status (AMS) and distracting painful injury (DPI) as potential predictor variables. TS CT is a separate, costly study whose value is currently ill-defined. The objective of this study is to determine test characteristics of these predictor variables alone, and in combination, to derive a TS injury DI. Methods: Prospective cohort study of blunt trauma patients age > 14 in a Level I Trauma Center who had either CCT or TS CT. Results: Of 1,798 blunt trauma patients, 1,174 (65.3%) had CCT, and 46 (2.6%) had a TS CT at physician discretion. CCT identified 58 TS injuries in 1,220 patients (4.8%). For 1,032 patients without AMS, 18/35 had TS tenderness, for sensitivity of 51.4%, specificity 84.7%, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of 10.5% and 98.0%. Positive likelihood ratio (+LR) was 3.35, with negative (-LR) 0.57. Among the 58 TS injuries, 23 had AMS for sensitivity of 39.7%, with other test characteristics of 85.8%, 12.2%, 96.6%, with +LR 2.79 and -LR 0.70. Thirty-eight of 58 had DPI, for sensitivity 65.5%, with other test characteristics 65.7%, 8.7%, and 97.4%, with +LR 1.91 and -LR 0.52. Combining 3 predictor variables into a proposed DI found 56/58 injuries for test characteristics of 96.6% (95% CI 88.1-99.6%), 49.1% (46.1-52.0%), 8.6% (6.6-11.1%) and 99.7% (CI 98.7-100%), with +LR 1.90 (1.76-2.04) and -LR 0.07 (0.02-0.28). If validated, the DI would exclude 572/1,220 CCT patients from separate TS CT (46.9%, CI 44.1-49.7%), and 141/511 (27.6%, CI 23.8-31.7%) patients who actually had TS CT in our cohort. Medicare payment at our center for sagittal reconstructions of TS CT is $280 for professional plus technical charges ($3,312 per study). The DI, if validated, would save $39,000 –$160,000 in TS imaging payments. Conclusion: TS CT is low yield and costly. Patients who are alert, have no TS tenderness and no DPI have a very low likelihood of TS injury (NPV 99.7% 95% CI lower limit 98.7%) with –LR=0.07, 95% CI upper limit 0.28). Avoiding TS CT may save considerable charges and payments. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):465–470.]
Unraveling the mechanistic details of topoisomerases.

In this issue, Shuman and coworkers use methylphosphonates as a nonnative substrate to investigate the mechanism of type IB topoisomerases (Tian et al., 2005, this issue of Structure ). A surprising gain-of-function result was critical to assigning a catalytic role to an active site arginine.
Elucidating Women's (hetero)Sexual Desire: Definitional Challenges and Content Expansion

The literature on women's sexual desire is reviewed with an emphasis on definitional challenges, an assessment of the empirical basis for the distinction between spontaneous and responsive desire, a reconsideration of the extent to which women's sexual desire is relational in nature, and an exploration of the incentive value of sex for women as a factor partially independent from the experience of sexual desire. Nine recommendations are made regarding research and diagnostic directions. The article concludes with an appeal for the inclusion of eroticism in research and clinical work on sexual desire.
The effect of blood transfusion on tumor growth in sarcoma-bearing rats

Background: The effect of blood transfusion on tumor growth is controversial. Under experimental conditions, even similar animal models can give varied results. This study was undertaken to characterize the nature of the effect of blood transfusion on tumor growth. Methods: Sixty-five Fischer 344 rats subcutaneously implanted with a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma were studied with additive blood transfusion at 1% tumor burden in two separate experiments. In experiment 1, the effects of syngeneic fresh whole blood transfusion (5, 10, and 15 ml/kg) and allogeneic (5 ml/kg) were tested. To determine if stored blood influenced the results, experiment 2 was performed with syngeneic blood transfusion (15 ml/kg) and allogeneic blood transfusion at 5 ml/kg. Tumor dimensions were determined daily by external measurement, and tumor weight and growth rate were calculated. Results: No significant differences in final tumor weights or tumor growth rates were found in transfused rats compared with controls. This held true for syngeneic blood transfusion regardless of dose, allogeneic blood transfusion, and regardless of whether the blood was fresh or stored. Conclusions: Additive blood transfusion does not affect tumor growth in this animal model. This finding, together with the general inconclusiveness in the reported literature on this topic, speaks against a dominant role for the effect of blood transfusion on tumor behavior.
Relaxation simulation of transverse electromagnetic wave propagation in coupled transmission lines

An efficient method for computing the transient response of an n-conductor coupled transmission line system that supports transverse electromagnetic waves propagating at different velocities is presented. The method consists of iterative generations of travelling voltage waveforms by the method of characteristics and the waveform relaxation technique. It is shown that the spatial and temporal variations of conductor voltages and currents can be derived from the linear combinations of traveling waves and initial potential and current distributions. Closed-form analytical solutions and experimental data are given to substantiate the accuracy and efficiency of the relaxation technique. >
The fall of the Incas: A historiographical dilemma

(1985). The fall of the Incas: A historiographical dilemma. History of European Ideas: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 421-445.
Generic models for rapid calculation of target signatures

A method for rapidly generating target signatures with limited user interaction and limited computing resources is presented. Simple parameterized generic models are used to represent classes of targets. Within the limits of the allowable parametric variation, as many steps as possible in determining the signature are precomputed. Examples are given of generic models of bridges and dams.
Monitoring point patterns for the development of space–time clusters

Existing statistical methods for the detection of space-time clusters of point events are retrospective, in that they are used to ascertain whether space-time clustering exists among a fixed number of past events. In contrast, prospective methods treat a series of observations sequentially. with the aim of detecting quickly any changes that occur in the series. In this paper, cumulative sum methods of monitoring are adapted for use with Knox's space-time statistic. The result is a procedure for the rapid detection of any emergent space-time interactions for a set of sequentially monitored point events. The approach relies on a local' Knox statistic that is useful in retrospective analyses to detect when and where space-time interaction occurs. The distribution of the local Knox statistic under the null hypothesis of no space-time interaction is derived. The retrospective local statistic and the prospective cumulative sum monitoring method are illustrated by using previously published data on Burkitt's lymphoma in Uganda.
Same-stage nasal and palatopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea: is it safe?

Abstract Objective: The study goal was to determine the safety of performing same-stage nasal and palatopharyngeal surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Study Design and Setting: We conducted a retrospective review of 91 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for OSAS at tertiary care facilities. Methods: Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 had same-stage nasal and palatopharyngeal surgery (n = 63), whereas group 2 had palatopharyngeal surgery at a stage separate from the nasal surgery (n = 28). Patient demographics, severity of OSAS, type of surgery, perioperative care, and postoperative complications were reviewed. Results: There were 55 men and 8 women in group 1, with an average age of 48 years. Group 2 consisted of 20 men and 8 women, with an average age of 45 years. The mean respiratory disturbance index was 36.5 and 33.5 for group 1 and 2, respectively. The mean lowest arterial Oxygen saturation for group 1 was 82%, whereas that of group 2 was 81%. Patients in both groups were observed in a hospital setting for a minimum of 1 day. They were admitted to a room close to the nurse's station, with continuous pulse oximeter monitoring. There were 3 complications reported for group 1: pneumonia (1 patient, postoperative day 4), tonsil bleed (1 patient, postoperative day 6), and septal hematoma (1 patient). One patient in group 2 had a tonsil bleed (postoperative day 8). There were no incidents of airway compromise or cardiopulmonary events in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: Same-stage nasal and palatopharyngeal surgery for OSAS is safe. Patients could be monitored with continuous pulse oximetry and managed outside of an intensive care unit setting in the immediate postoperative period. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:399-403.)
Effects of harvester ants on plant species distribution and abundance in a serpentine grassland

Seed harvesting ants can have important effects on the composition and structure of plant communities. We investigated two effects of Messor andrei, the black seed-harvesting ant, on a serpentine grassland plant community in northern California. First, to determine if selective seed predation by ants affects plant community composition, we excluded harvester ants from 1-mediameter circular plots of grassland. Abundances of all species on these plots and on control plots were measured before and after exclosure. Second, to determine if M. andrei nest mounds affect plant community composition, we compared plant species abundances on and off nest mounds. M. andrei deposit large amounts of organic matter on their nest mounds over a foraging season, so mounds may alter the edaphic environment. The exclusion of seed-harvesting activity did not cause changes in the plant community. Nest mounds had a strong effect on plant communities: there were many more grasses and fewer forbs on ant mounds, although at least one forb, Lepidium nitidum, produced twice as many seeds when it grew on nest mounds. We found that nest mounds formed islands of higher-temperature soil in the serpentine grassland.
Comparison of Overall and Cause-Specific Survivals of Stage 3 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated With Carboplatin or Cisplatin-Based Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy Using SEER-Medicare Data (1992-2007)

plus adaptive plan 26 Gy resulted better dose volume histogram for all the organs at risks we evaluated than the original plan at 66 Gy, including V5, V10, V13,V15,V20, V25,V30 and the mean dose of total lung, V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and the mean dose of heart, V35, V40, V50, V55, V60, maximum dose and mean dose of esophagus (P<0.05), and the maximum dose of spinal-cord. Conclusion: PET-MTV may reduce significantly at the time of about 40 Gy during-RT and late course adaptive radiation therapy maybe an effective way to reduce the dose volume to the organs at risk in patients with NSCLC and deserve further study.
One-channel Cell-attached Patch-clamp Recording

Ion channel proteins are universal devices for fast communication across biological membranes. The temporal signature of the ionic flux they generate depends on properties intrinsic to each channel protein as well as the mechanism by which it is generated and controlled and represents an important area of current research. Information about the operational dynamics of ion channel proteins can be obtained by observing long stretches of current produced by a single molecule. Described here is a protocol for obtaining one-channel cell-attached patch-clamp current recordings for a ligand gated ion channel, the NMDA receptor, expressed heterologously in HEK293 cells or natively in cortical neurons. Also provided are instructions on how to adapt the method to other ion channels of interest by presenting the example of the mechano-sensitive channel PIEZO1. This method can provide data regarding the channel’s conductance properties and the temporal sequence of open-closed conformations that make up the channel’s activation mechanism, thus helping to understand their functions in health and disease.
Progress and Priorities in the Health of Women and Girls: A Decade of Advances and Challenges

Abstract Objective: Following the initial wave of federal support to address women's health, there is a need to assess successes and determine the next priorities to advance the health of women. The objective of this study was to systematically collect expert opinion on the major advances in women's health in the past decade and priorities for women's health research and service in the coming decade. Methods: We utilized a Delphi method to query the leadership from academic and community Centers of Excellence in Women's Health, as designated by the Department of Health and Human Services. Leaders from 36 of the 48 centers responded to a series of questions about the major advances and critical indicators to evaluate future needs in women's health. We utilized a social ecology model framework to organize the responses to each question. Results: The experts identified increased health education for women and increased empowerment of women across multiple spheres as the major advances positively impacting th...
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in the US: improving hospital performance

Summary. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention has been recognized as the most important practice for improving patient safety in hospitals. To be effective, VTE prophylaxis must be appropriately prescribed with respect to type, dose and duration. Large-scale studies of medical discharge records have highlighted low rates of appropriate thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients, especially those with cancer or severe lung disease. Lack of prophylaxis and an insufficient duration are the most common forms of inappropriate prophylaxis. Multifaceted, active, quality improvement initiatives have been developed and shown to successfully increase the appropriate prescribing of VTE prophylaxis in patients at risk. By increasing the use of appropriate VTE prophylaxis in at-risk patients, the disease burden of hospital-acquired VTE and its resulting complications can be reduced.
Review of cannabinoids and their antiemetic effectiveness.

Marijuana has been used for over 2 centuries. Its major psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was isolated in 1964 and first used to control nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy in the 1970s.
Guest Editors' Introduction: The Science of Security

We're a long way from establishing a science of security comparable to the traditional physical sciences, and even from knowing whether such a goal is even achievable. Nevertheless, the articles in this special issue hint at the possibility and promise of foundational approaches to security.
Nicaragua's Mosquito Shore: The Years of British and American Presence

"Nicaragua's Mosquito Shore" provides a general history of eastern Nicaragua from the time of the first British entry in 1633 to the present. The territory is populated chiefly by Mosquito Indians, who speak their own language and some Mosquito. Dozier develops the history of the current political troubles in Nicaragua, which had their origin in the early 1930s and which center about the control of the rich area inhabited by the Mosquitos. His book presents the historical background for the tragic events that are now taking place in that region.
Effects of sodium orthovanadate on whole kidney and single nephron function.

Effects of sodium orthovanadate on whole kidney and single nephron function. The renal effects of sodium vanadate (Na 3 VO 4 ), an inhibitor of sodium-potassium-ATPase recently shown to be a potent diuretic, were studied by using clearance and micropuncture techniques in nondiuretic anesthetized rats. Administration of 1.0 µmole of sodium vanadate (high dose) increased urine flow rate (V) from 9.8 ± 1.4 to 17.5 ± 4.0 µl/min (mean ± SEM, P Na V from 1.73 ± 0.36 to 3.05 ± 0.65 µEq/min (P Na from 0.67 ± 0.15 to 1.24 ± 0.28% (P Na V increased from 1.41 ± 0.35 to 2.25 ± 0.35 µEq/min (P Na rose from 0.64 ± 0.16 to 0.91 ± 0.15% (P Effets de l'orthovanadate de sodium sur la fonction du rein entier et des nephrons individuels. Les effets renaux du vanadate de sodium (Na 3 VO 4 ), un inhibiteur de la sodium-potassium-ATPase dont il a ete montre recemment qu'il est un diuretique puissant, ont ete etudies au moyen des techniques de clearance et de microponction chez des rats anesthesies non diuretiques. L'administration de 1,0 µmole de vanadate de sodium (dose elevee) a augmente le debit urinaire (V) de 9,8 ± 1,4 a 17,5 ± 4,0 µl/min (moyenne ± SEM, P Na de 1,73 ± 0,36 a 3,05 ± 0,65 µEq/min (P Na de 0,67 ± 0,15 a 1,24 ± 0,28% (P Na a augmente de 1,41 ± 0,35 a 2,25 ± 0,35 µEq/min (P Na a augmente de 0,64 ± 0,16 a 0,91 ± 0,15% (P
Intellectual Repercussions of the Council of Florence

At Ferrara and Florence, Western intellectuals met with the greatest Greek scholarly and theological delegation that ever came to Latin soil. The Greeks did not come empty-handed. They brought with them de luxe editions of Greek sacred and, above all, secular authors—coveted treasures for Renaissance Italians. To judge by the letters in which Ambrogio Traversari announced the arrival of the Greeks, Christian Humanists were as much interested in the codices of Plato, Plutarch, Euclid and Ptolemy, brought by the Emperor and Bessarion, as in the cause which brought the Greeks to Italy.
Sex ratios and the distribution of elaiosomes in colonies of the ant, Aphaenogaster rudis

Genetic theory predicts that workers in monogynous ant colonies with singly-mated queens should capitalize on higher relatedness with sisters than with brothers by altering the sex investment ratio of a colony in favor of females. Sex investment ratios, however, may also be influenced by the amount of resources available to colonies, in part because more mating opportunities might be obtained by investing scarce resources in males, which are much smaller than queens. Female larvae that reach a critical size by a particular point in development become queens while underfed larvae develop into workers, so workers could potentially influence the sex investment ratio of a colony by selectively feeding female larvae. In a previous experiment on the ant, Aphaenogaster rudis, colonies increased female sex investment after their diet was supplemented with elaiosomes, a lipid-rich food gained from a seed dispersal mutualism. In order to investigate the mechanisms producing this shift, we radio-labeled Sanguinaria canadensis elaiosomes with fatty acids and compared uptake among castes within a colony. The experiment was performed in both the laboratory and field. Lab colonies produced female-biased sex investment ratios, while field colonies mainly invested in males. We hypothesize that this discrepancy is related to differing levels of background food availability in the lab and field. The results of the elaiosome distribution experiment do not support a hypothesis that elaiosomes play a qualitative role in queen determination, because all individuals in a colony receive this nutrient. There is, however, support for the hypothesis that elaiosomes have a quantitative effect on larval development because larvae that accumulated more radio-label from elaiosomes tended to develop into gynes (virgin queens), while other female larvae developed into workers.
Calcium metabolism of cows at parturition and during milk production

Calcium metabolism in dairy cows has been studied at three periods, namely 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after parturition, and also at peak lactation. Of the four parameters studied—percentage absorption from the diet, endogenous excretion, exchangeable pool size and bone accretion rate—only the last showed significant changes, falling at parturition and rising to pre-calving levels subsequently. There was no increase in the percentage absorption of calcium from the diet after calving but total calcium absorption rose because of increased dietary intake.
Bootstrapping personal gesture shortcuts with the wisdom of the crowd and handwriting recognition

Personal user-defined gesture shortcuts have shown great potential for accessing the ever-growing amount of data and computing power on touchscreen mobile devices. However, their lack of scalability is a major challenge for their wide adoption. In this paper, we present Gesture Marks, a novel approach to touch-gesture interaction that allows a user to access applications and websites using gestures without having to define them first. It offers two distinctive solutions to address the problem of scalability. First, it leverages the "wisdom of the crowd", a continually evolving library of gesture shortcuts that are collected from the user population, to infer the meaning of gestures that a user never defined himself. Second, it combines an extensible template-based gesture recognizer with a specialized handwriting recognizer to even better address handwriting-based gestures, which are a common form of gesture shortcut. These approaches effectively bootstrap a user's personal gesture library, alleviating the need to define most gestures manually. Our work was motivated and validated via a series of user studies, and the findings from these studies add to the body of knowledge on gesture-based interaction.
Indoor tanning in businesses and homes and risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in 2 US case-control studies

Background Indoor tanning increases skin cancer risk. Beyond early research describing melanoma and sun lamps, few recent reports describe where individuals indoor tan and whether skin cancer risk varies by location (business, home-based). Objective We sought to assess where individuals tanned indoors and skin cancer risk by tanning device location. Methods Multivariate logistic regression was conducted in 2 US case-control studies of melanoma (1161 cases, 1083 controls, ages 25-59 years) and early-onset basal cell carcinoma (375 cases, 382 controls, age Results Most indoor tanners (86.4%-95.1%), especially younger individuals, tanned exclusively in businesses. Persons who used indoor tanning exclusively in businesses were at increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.47-2.26) and basal cell carcinoma (odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.48) compared with non-users. Melanoma risk was also increased in the small number who reported tanning indoors only at home relative to non-users (odds ratio 4.14, 95% confidence interval 1.75-9.78); 67.6% used sun lamps. Limitations Self-reported tanning and potential recall bias are limitations. Conclusion Business-only tanning, despite claims of "safe" tanning, was positively associated with a significant risk of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Home tanning was uncommon and mostly from sun lamps, which were rarely used by younger participants. Regardless of location, indoor tanning was associated with increased risk of skin cancer.
Manipulating Public Opinion About Trying Juveniles as Adults: An Experimental Study

Public attitudes about juvenile crime play a significant role in fashioning juvenile justice policy; variations in the wording of public opinion surveys can produce very different responses and can result in inaccurate and unreliable assessments of public sentiment. Surveys that ask about policy alternatives in vague terms are especially problematic. The authors conducted an experiment in which a large sample of respondents were presented with a crime scenario in which the offender’s age and prior record, the type of crime, and the inclusiveness of the policy in question were varied. Respondents were asked about the extent to which they support trying juveniles in adult court. Responses varied significantly as a function of the offender’s age, criminal record, and offense but not as a function of inclusiveness. For legislators using public opinion polls to guide their decisions, blanket statements describing the results of vaguely worded surveys items can be misleading and can lead to poorly informed poli...
Scanning Tunneling Potentiometry: The Power of STM applied to Electrical Transport

The introduction of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) followed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) opened experimental access to the geometric and electronic structure of materials on an atomic scale and essentially ushered in the modern field of nanoscience. The goal of scanning tunneling potentiometry (STP) is to adapt the scanning tunneling probe to measure electrical transport on the same length scale. The approach is to establish a current laterally in the sample, then to map the voltage locally by determining the tip bias that produces no tunneling at each point. The technique is similar to the macroscopic four-probe method commonly adopted for measuring electrical transport, with the inner two probes replaced by a scanning tunneling tip. This chapter describes principles, reviews approaches, and illustrates capabilities of STP.
Growth‐regulated expression of vimentin in hamster fibroblasts is a result of increased transcription

We have previously shown that vimentin is a growth-regulated gene whose mRNA levels increase after srum stimulation of quiescent hamster fibroblasts. In this study, the control of the growth-regulated expression of vimentin was determined in ts13 cells induced to proliferate by serum. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation were exmined by determining transcriptional rates, cytoplasmic transcript abundance, transcript stability, and protein abundance. We observed a fourfold increase in vimentin transcripts in the cytoplasm of serum-stimulated ts13 cells. Since transcripts are stable in both quiescent and stimulated cells, this induction of vimentin expression is a result of a fivefold increase in vimentin-specific transcriptional activity. As a result of this increased transcript availability, the abundance of polymerized vimentin protein increased following serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. Overall, the induction of vimentin expression in fibroblasts by serum is a consequence of increased vimentin-specific transcriptional activity. The significance of this with regard to cytoskeletal organization and cell division is discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grey-level Images An Algebraic Approach Through Compact Polynomials

This paper describes an algebraic approach to the representation, interpretstion and manipulation of grey-level images. The set of all grey-level images can be viewed as commutative monoids under appropriately defined addition and multiplication operations. A polynomial architecture in 2 variables can thus be formed for grey-scale imagery. Spe- cific polynomial operators are examined and examples given for contour description.
Confusion is my Dress

Que me internen, mama, yo ya no puedo y yo ya no quiero mas seguir, que me internen ma Escribe mija. ESCRIBE!!! Para que no se te rompa el Corazon. Pedacitos, son pedacitos. Pero todavia existen. Si un dia se derrotan o desuelven, como papel en un vaso de agua, un dia se colaran y volveran. I am ..... NOT... yes you are. I am not I am I a m n o t I think in English. I even count in English. I lose track when I try in Spanish. I think that even more interestingly I think in English and that must mean something, what would the thought process be like to think in Spanish?
A Study on Convolution Kernels for Shallow Statistic Parsing

In this paper we have designed and experimented novel convolution kernels for automatic classification of predicate arguments. Their main property is the ability to process structured representations. Support Vector Machines (SVMs), using a combination of such kernels and the flat feature kernel, classify Prop-Bank predicate arguments with accuracy higher than the current argument classification state-of-the-art.Additionally, experiments on FrameNet data have shown that SVMs are appealing for the classification of semantic roles even if the proposed kernels do not produce any improvement.
Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome following exposure to a fluorocarbon

This report describes the case of a 43-yr-old male who developed reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after exposure to a high level of bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br, Halon 1301), a fluorocarbon widely used in automatic fire extinguishing systems. The patient was a previously healthy, nonatopic male, who developed wheezing and intermittent and reversible obstructive ventilatory impairment starting immediately after a large accidental nonfire-related release of CF3Br in a confined space.
A Robust Graph-Based Algorithm for Detection and Characterization of Anomalies in Noisy Multivariate Time Series

Detection of anomalies in multivariate time series is an important data mining task with potential applications in medical diagnosis, ecosystem modeling, and network traffic monitoring. In this paper, we present a robust graph-based algorithm for detecting anomalies in noisy multivariate time series data. A key feature of the algorithm is the alignment of kernel matrices constructed from the time series. The aligned kernel enables the algorithm to capture the dependence relationship between different time series and to support the discovery of different types of anomalies (including subsequence-based and local anomalies). We have performed extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We also present a case study that shows the utility of applying our algorithm to detect ecosystem disturbances in Earth science data.
Training Community Consultants to Help Family Members Improve Dementia Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: We investigated whether community consultants could be trained to teach family caregivers a systematic behavioral approach for reducing mood and behavior problems in persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Design and Methods: This study consisted of a randomized controlled trial; we randomly assigned 95 family caregivers and care recipients with Alzheimer’s disease to STAR-caregivers (STAR-C) or control groups. Masked interviewers conducted assessments at baseline, after treatment, and after 6 months. Consultants were master’s-level health care professionals who were currently practicing in community settings serving older adults. We assessed the extent to which consultants were able to learn and adhere to the treatment protocol, and the relationship between adherence and measures of caregiver mood, burden, and care recipient mood and behavior. Results: Community consultants were able to learn and adhere to the behavioral treatment protocol. Caregivers receiving STAR-C training showed significant improvements in depression, burden, and reactivity to behavior problems in the care recipient. There were also significant reductions in the frequency and severity of care recipient behavior problems, and improved quality of life. Results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Implications: Community-based consultants successfully implemented a behavioral intervention with family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Consequently, STAR-C seems to be a practicable and reasonable evidenced-based approach to caregiver training in actual clinical settings.
Memory CD8+ T cells exhibit increased antigen threshold requirements for recall proliferation

A hallmark of immunological memory is the ability of previously primed T cells to undergo rapid recall responses upon antigen reencounter. Classic work has suggested that memory T cells proliferate in response to lower doses of antigen than naive T cells and with reduced requirements for co-stimulation. In contrast to this premise, we observed that naive but not memory T cells proliferate in vivo in response to limited antigen presentation. To reconcile these observations, we tested the antigen threshold requirement for cell cycle entry in naive and central memory CD8+ T cells. Although both naive and memory T cells detect low dose antigen, only naive T cells activate cell cycle effectors. Direct comparison of TCR signaling on a single cell basis indicated that central memory T cells do not activate Zap70, induce cMyc expression, or degrade p27 in response to antigen levels that activate these functions in naive T cells. The reduced sensitivity of memory T cells may result from both decreased surface TCR expression and increased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases as compared with naive T cells. Our data describe a novel aspect of memory T cell antigen threshold sensitivity that may critically regulate recall expansion.
Outcomes of a novel minimalist approach for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome

We describe a minimalist approach to perform in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve. Our technique employs a unique small skin incision strategically placed to minimize postoperative scarring over the ulnar nerve and potentially decrease the risk of iatrogenic injury to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. We retrospectively report the outcome of patients who have undergone this procedure at our institution, the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, from January 1 2007 through November 29 2010. All individuals underwent in situ decompression via the previously described minimalist approach. Outcome variables were Louisiana State University Medical Center (LSU) ulnar neuropathy grade, patient satisfaction, subjective improvement, complications and re-operation rate. A total of 44 procedures were performed in this cohort of 41 patients. Overall, patients’ postoperative LSU grades showed a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.0019) compared to preoperative grades. Improvement of at least one grade in the LSU scale was observed in 50% of the procedures with a preoperative grade of four or less. Overall procedure satisfaction rate was 88% (39 of 44) with 70% (31 of 44) of the procedures resulting in improvement of symptoms. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. One patient required re-operation due to failure of neurological improvement. Our minimalistic approach to perform in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel is both safe and effective. We observed a statistically significant improvement in LSU ulnar neuropathy grades and a success rate comparable to those reported for other more extensive surgical techniques while providing the benefit of a smaller incision, less scarring, decreased risk of iatrogenic nerve injury and minimal complications.