cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A network architecture for Petaflops supercomputers.

If we are to build a supercomputer with a speed of 10{sup 15} floating operations per second (1 PetaFLOPS), interconnect technology will need to be improved considerably over what it is today. In this report, we explore one possible interconnect design for such a network. The guiding principle in this design is the optimization of all components for the finiteness of the speed of light. To achieve a linear speedup in time over well-tested supercomputers of todays' designs will require scaling up of processor power and bandwidth and scaling down of latency. Latency scaling is the most challenging: it requires a 100 ns user-to-user latency for messages traveling the full diameter of the machine. To meet this constraint requires simultaneously minimizing wire length through 3D packaging, new low-latency electrical signaling mechanisms, extremely fast routers, and new network interfaces. In this report, we outline approaches and implementations that will meet the requirements when implemented as a system. No technology breakthroughs are required.
Time-based life-cycle assessment for environmental policymaking: Greenhouse gas reduction goals and public transit

Abstract As decision-makers increasingly embrace life-cycle assessment (LCA) and target transportation services for regional environmental goals, it becomes imperative that outcomes from changes to transportation infrastructure systems are accurately estimated. Greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction policies have created interest in better understanding how public transit systems reduce emissions. Yet the use of average emission factors (e.g., grams CO 2 e per distance traveled) persists as the state-of-the-art masking the variations in emissions across time, and confounding the ability to accurately estimate the environmental effects from changes to transit infrastructure and travel behavior. An LCA is developed of the Expo light rail line and a competing car trip (in Los Angeles, California) that includes vehicle, infrastructure, and energy production processes, in addition to propulsion. When results are normalized per passenger kilometer traveled (PKT), life-cycle processes increase energy use and GHG emissions up to 83%, and up to 690% for smog and respiratory impact potentials. However, the use of a time-independent PKT normalization obfuscates a decision-maker’s ability to understand whether the deployment of a transit system reduces emissions below a future year policy target (e.g., 80% of 1990 emissions by 2050). The year-by-year marginal effects of the decision to deploy the Expo line are developed including reductions in automobile travel. The time-based marginal results provide clearer explanations for how environmental effects in a region change and the critical life-cycle processes that should be targeted to achieve policy targets. It shows when environmental impacts payback and how much reduction is achieved by a policy-specified future year.
Scapegoating the Vulnerable: Preventive Detention of Immigrants in America's “War on Terror”

This paper argues that the nation's immigration laws are being misused to craft a system of preventive administrative detention of immigrant men, predominantly of Middle Eastern background. These detentions give rise to imprisonment without charge for weeks and months, denial of access to lawyers, physical and psychological abuse and ultimately deportations without a fair initial hearing or the exhaustion of available appellate recourse. I argue that this expanded use of civil immigration detention is designed to weaken constitutional due process protections, bringing into the U.S. detention tactics adopted abroad under the rubric of the war on terror. This paper also highlights similarities between the evolving administrative detention system in the United States and longer-standing practices in Israel.
Radiologic-pathologic Correlation—An Advanced Fourth-year Elective: How We Do It

Traditionally, the radiology elective has been designed to teach medical students the fundamentals of radiologic interpretation. When questioned, many students state that they want to take a radiology elective so they can "interpret images." For the students on radiology, rotation/elective education was often passive, consisting of didactic conferences and observational shadowing of radiologists as they interpreted images. Students had only a superficial appreciation of how radiologists interacted with clinical services, multidisciplinary teams, and pathology. There was very little emphasis on imaging appropriateness or the most efficient and effective imaging for various clinical problems. With the expansion of numerous imaging modalities and the emphasis on patient-centered care, including imaging safety and dose reduction, it is important to change the focus of radiology education from interpretation to the optimal integration of imaging into clinical medicine. Radiology-pathology (rad path) electives were created at Allegheny General Hospital and the Medical University of South Carolina as a new option to provide a high-quality advanced elective for fourth-year medical students. These electives enable students to correlate radiologic images with gross and microscopic pathology specimens, thus increasing their knowledge and understanding of both. The rad path elective combines aspects of surgery, radiology, and pathology and requires students to be active learners. The implementation of this elective is an exciting work in progress that has been evolving over the past 2 and 4 years at Medical University of South Carolina and Allegheny General Hospital, respectively. We will discuss the historical basis for the elective, the advantages and challenges of having such an integrated course, and some different strategies for creating a rad path elective.
Effects of amines and monoamine oxidase inhibitors on hypothalamic succinic dehydrogenase activity.

SummarySuccinic dehydrogenase activity of anterior and posterior hypothalamic areas (HSD) was measured by the reduction of a tetrazolium salt to its colorimetrically measurable formazan. The potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor, beta-phenylisopropylhydrazine, significantly reduced HSD activity in both anterior and posterior areas of adult rats and deer mice but not of hamsters. Other monoamine oxidase inhibitors, epinephrine and several other amines were without significant effects on HSD.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL WIENER-HOPF TECHNIQUE FOR GENERAL BODIES OF REVOLUTION - PART 1: THEORY

This work, the first of two parts, presents the development of a new analytic solution of acoustic scattering and/or radiation by arbitrary bodies of revolution under heavy fluid loading. The approach followed is the construction of a three-dimensional Wiener-Hopf technique with Fourier transforms that operate on the finite object’s arclength variable (the object’s practical finiteness comes about, in a Wiener-Hopf sense, by formally bringing to zero the radius of its semi-infinite generator curve for points beyond a prescribed station). Unlike in the classical case of a planar semi-infinite geometry, the kernel of the integral equation is non-translational and therefore with independent wavenumber spectra for its receiver and source arclengths. The solution procedure begins by applying a symmetrizing spatial operator that reconciles the regions of (+) and (−) analyticity of the kernel’s two-wavenumber transform with those of the virtual sources. The spatially symmetrized integral equation is of the Fredholm 2nd kind and thus with a strong unit “diagonal” — a feature that makes possible the Wiener-Hopf factorization of its transcendental doubly-transformed kernel via secondary spectral manipulations. The companion paper [1] will present a numerical demonstration of the new analysis for canonical problems of fluid-structure interaction for finite bodies of revolution.© 2009 ASME
The Prime Factors of Consecutive Integers

(1965). The Prime Factors of Consecutive Integers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 72, No. sup2, pp. 19-20.
First Day Hypertension in the Physical Therapy Exercise Room

訓練室で理学療法を実施した120例(76.6±8.6歳)を対象として訓練室初日から5日目までの血圧を測定した。訓練室初日の収縮期血圧は有意に高く，訓練室初日と2日目の収縮期血圧較差の10mmHg以上を初日高血圧陽性とするとその頻度は，全体の47例(39.2%)であった。過去の訓練経験の有無で分類すると，有り群の血圧は安定していたが，無し群では初日の血圧が有意に高く，過去の訓練経験の有無が血圧に関与し，一種の精神的なストレスに対する昇圧反応と考えられた。
Growth of Platyfish (Platypoecilus maculatus) Free from Bacteria and Other Micro'organisms

SummaryAn operative procedure on pregnant platyfish, a small viviparous Mexican fish, was devised that regularly yielded young free from contamination. These axenic fish were maintained under conditions free from microorganisms for as long as 4 months and during this period grew appreciably. Under usual aquarium conditions these fish would have reproduced at this age. Several diets were tested for their effect on maintenance and growth and some of them were definitely superior to others-an indication that nutritional factors may be the principal cause of the lack of continued growth and reproduction.
Food poisoning of a rural household caused by nitrite intake

This article reported a case of food poisoning caused by nitrite intake.The patients were family members of a rural household.Their clinical manifestations were mainly vomiting,nausea,fatigue,hand numbness,bruising,dehydration,difficulty in breathing,and coma.One patient died because of relatively large intake of the poisoning food.The other patient who improved after treated with methylene blue,vitamin C,emetic,fluid infusion and other symptomatic treatment was discharged 4 days later.The case warns us that nitrite is a toxic product,intake of which may lead to acute poisoning or death.Therefore,it is recommended that the relevant departments at all levels should promote the publicity of "Food Safety Law",organize various activities to make known the knowledge of food safety in the rural areas so that the rural residents can improve their awareness of protecting themselves from similar food poisoning.
Determination of microcystin in water by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To develop a method for determination of microcystin(MC) in water by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods:MCs in water were enriched and purified by solid phase extraction.The HPLC separation was carried out with C18 column by UV at 238 nm using methanol-25 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer(pH=3)(55+45) as mobile phase.Results:They showed good linearity in the range of 0.1～1.5 μg/ml,average recovery was 77.8%～89.4%,RSD5.Conclusion:The HPLC method is simple for determination of microcystin in water.
In the Matrix: East West Encounters

The logo for BBC news broadcasts used to show a globe which turned slowly through its axis before returning to the world’s European and Western face. This has been replaced by an enigmatic sequence in which an angled disc of the British Isles gives way to a series of swirling ellipses of parts of the globe. Superimposed on these images are the scrabbled, then clearing names of world cities. That this sequence has been supplemented by the channel identification of a coloured hot air balloon of the globe which floats against a variety of backgrounds, confirms that something has come adrift. Our picture of the world has been quite radically disturbed. One reason is the ubiquity and all-atonceness of telecommunications. This development, allied to the vast influence of corporate powers operating over and above national borders and the deliberations of national governments, seems to have kicked the globe into a speeding multi-coloured blur. It’s clear too, whose foot the boot is on. Globalization equals Americanization, says Thomas Friedman (1999): a thesis Time Warner and AOL showed themselves only too ready to prove in a merger which greeted the twenty first century with a power-house of world wide ‘infotainment’.
Active and reactive power operational region for grid-tied inverters

Regulations for grid-tied inverters, outlined in IEEE 1547, allow distributed energy resources to control the reactive power injected into or absorbed from the grid. The operational region of a grid-tied inverter has asymmetry around the PQ plane in terms of apparent power limitations and harmonics injected into the grid. This asymmetrical behavior, caused by the filter used to interface the inverter with the grid, must be considered in order to meet strict grid standards, e.g. IEEE 519 and 1547, for all desired operating points of a grid-tied inverter. The objective of this paper is to identify operational points availble for grid-tied inverters and to explain how some operational points must be avoided due to undesirable characteristics, e.g. poor quality of the injected current waveform. This work (i) enables filter networks for distributed sources to be designed to meet grid requirements even under worst case operating conditions, (ii) provides distribution engineers with information regarding the feasible active and reactive power which can be generated by grid-tied inverters, and (iii) provides a basis for assessing operating point trajectories when altering the steady-state operation of grid-tied inverters. Simulation and experimental data are presented to verify the findings of this work.
Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) can be divided into four anatomic groups: (1) supracardiac (Fig. 28.1), (2) cardiac, (3) infracardiac, and (4) mixed. Also, it can be divided into two physiologic types: nonobstructed and obstructed.
Estimating the near field coupling from SMPS circuits to a nearby antenna using dipole moments

In this paper, the near field coupling from SMPS circuits to a nearby antenna is studied using dipole moments [1]. The dipole moments are extracted from scanned H fields on a plane above SMPS circuits, and then imported into an HFSS model to do full wave simulation. The simulated coupling matches well with direct measurement. Methods to resolve magnitude and phase of near fields of SMPS noise source are introduced. Error analysis is included in the end as well.
Briefer assessment of social network drinking: A test of the Important People Instrument-5 (IP-5).

The Important People instrument (IP; Longabaugh et al., 2010) is one of the most commonly used measures of social network drinking. Although its reliability and validity are well-supported, the length of the instrument may limit its use in many settings. The present study evaluated whether a briefer, 5-person version of the IP (IP-5) adequately reproduces scores from the full IP. College freshmen ( = 1,053) reported their own past-month drinking, alcohol-related consequences, and information about drinking in their close social networks at baseline and 1 year later. From this we derived network members' drinking frequency, percentage of drinkers, and percentage of heavy drinkers, assessed for up to 10 (full IP) or 5 (IP-5) network members. We first modeled the expected concordance between full-IP scores and scores from simulated shorter IP instruments by sampling smaller subsets of network members from full IP data. Then, using quasi-experimental methods, we administered the full IP and IP-5 and compared the 2 instruments' score distributions and concurrent and year-lagged associations with participants' alcohol consumption and consequences. Most of the full-IP variance was reproduced from simulated shorter versions of the IP (ICCs ≥ 0.80). The full IP and IP-5 yielded similar score distributions, concurrent associations with drinking ( = 0.22 to 0.52), and year-lagged associations with drinking. The IP-5 retains most of the information about social network drinking from the full IP. The shorter instrument may be useful in clinical and research settings that require frequent measure administration, yielding greater temporal resolution for monitoring social network drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
The population impact of human papillomavirus/cytology cervical cotesting at 3-year intervals: Reduced cervical cancer risk and decreased yield of precancer per screen.

BACKGROUND The objective of cervical screening is to detect and treat precancer to prevent cervical cancer mortality and morbidity while minimizing overtreatment of benign human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and related minor abnormalities. HPV/cytology cotesting at extended 5-year intervals currently is a recommended screening strategy in the United States, but the interval extension is controversial. In the current study, the authors examined the impact of a decade of an alternative, 3-year cotesting, on rates of precancer and cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. The effect on screening efficiency, defined as numbers of cotests/colposcopy visits needed to detect a precancer, also was considered. METHODS Two cohorts were defined. The “open cohort” included all women screened at least once during the study period; > 1 million cotests were performed. In a fixed “long-term screening cohort,” the authors considered the cumulative impact of repeated screening at 3-year intervals by restricting the cohort to women first cotested in 2003 through 2004 (ie, no women entering screening later were added to this group). RESULTS Detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN3/AIS) increased in the open cohort (2004-2006: 82.0/100,000 women screened; 2007-2009: 140.6/100,000 women screened; and 2010-2012: 126.0/100,000 women screened); cancer diagnoses were unchanged. In the long-term screening cohort, the detection of CIN3/AIS increased and then decreased to the original level (2004-2006: 80.5/100,000 women screened; 2007-2009: 118.6/100,000 women screened; and 2010-2012: 84.9./100,000 women screened). The number of cancer diagnoses was found to decrease. When viewed in terms of screening efficiency, the number of colposcopies performed to detect a single case of CIN3/AIS increased in the cohort with repeat screening. CONCLUSIONS Repeated cotesting at a 3-year interval eventually lowers population rates of precancer and cancer. However, a greater number of colposcopies are required to detect a single precancer. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The Tarantula Toxin Guangxitoxin-1E Traps K+ Channel Voltage Sensor in a Fully Resting Conformation

Allosteric ligands modulate protein activity by altering the energy landscape of conformational change in ligand-protein complexes. Here, we investigate how specific steps in voltage-activation path of an ion channel are altered by a potent allosteric inhibitor. The K+ channel peptide inhibitor guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX) is partial inverse agonist of the voltage gated potassium channel subtype Kv2.1 from rat. At saturating concentrations of GxTX, Kv2.1 requires higher voltages to activate. The GxTX modulated conductance requires more voltage to activate. It has more sigmoidal activation kinetics, activates slower, and deactivates more rapidly. With GxTX bound, all gating charge requires more voltage to translocate, indicating that GxTX stabilizes resting voltage sensors by 20,000-fold, or 9 kBT. Remarkably, with GxTX bound, the rate of fast outward gating charge movement lost its positive voltage dependence. This suggests that GxTX can bind to channels in all conformations, but when gating charge is most intracellular, the toxin-channel complex adopts a stable conformation from which escape is time-dependent, but not voltage-sensitive. Channel kinetics were analyzed with a model that included a single conducting state for the channel, preceded by two voltage-dependent gating steps in each subunit, one independent and one concerted between subunits. When fit to the sigmoidicity and activation kinetics of Kv2.1 ionic currents, this model was predictive of the measured gating currents. However, with GxTX bound, this model was no longer able to predict gating current kinetics, indicating that a new conformational transition was rate limiting toxin-channel activation. We conclude that GxTX modulates Kv2.1 ion channels by “trapping” each voltage sensor in a conformation which is insensitive to voltage, yet where all gating charge remains on the intracellular side of the transmembrane electric field. Following escape from the GxTX-“trapped” state, gating charges can translocate outward, allowing channels to open with GxTX bound.
Controlled Exciton Transport via an Optically Controlled Exciton Transistor

This chapter presents an optical transistor. The device demonstrates experimental proof of principle for all-optical excitonic transistors with a high ratio between the excitonic signal at the optical drain and the excitonic signal due to the optical gate. The device also demonstrates experimental proof of principle for all-optical excitonic routers.
Use of a Colored Water Surface Flow Visualization Technique in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel to Investigate Cavity Flow Fields

A surface flow visualization technique was developed that uses colored water as a medium to visualize surface flows over wind tunnel models at supersonic speeds. Wind tunnel tests were conducted with this technique used to visualize surface flows in a rectangular box cavity that was mounted in a flat plate at Mach numbers of 1.50 and 2.16. The results showed that this technique was effective in visualizing the surface flows in the cavity and has produced a unique set of data that has increased the understanding of complex unsteady three-dimensional cavity flow fields.
Curiosities at war: the police and prison resistance after Mai ’68

AbstractIt is too easy to say of Mai ’68 that the police are incurious while protesters are curious, that administrators are incurious and students are curious. A more honest assessment of these moments, striated as they are with social tensions, would identify at least two modes of enquiry and two sets of questions vying for dominance: the one located on the side of the status quo, the other on the side of change. In what follows, I provide historico-theoretical resources to justify that assessment. I first review Michel Foucault and Jacques Ranciere’s theories of the police, identifying the incipient role of curiosity in their accounts both of resistance and of power and the police. I then turn to the Prisons Information Group (GIP), where I trace the clear clash between state curiosity as implemented by police and resistant curiosity as practised by GIP activists. Finally, in light of this clash, I explore implications for interpreting Mai ‘68 and Black Lives Matter as instances of curiosities at war.
Examining real-time time-dependent density functional theory nonequilibrium simulations for the calculation of electronic stopping power

In ion irradiation processes, electronic stopping power describes the energy transfer rate from the irradiating ion to the target material's electrons. Due to the scarcity and significant uncertainties in experimental electronic stopping power data for materials beyond simple solids, there has been growing interest in the use of first-principles theory for calculating electronic stopping power. In recent years, advances in high-performance computing have opened the door to fully first-principles nonequilibrium simulations based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT). While it has been demonstrated that the RT-TDDFT approach is capable of predicting electronic stopping power for a wide range of condensed matter systems, there has yet to be an exhaustive examination of the physical and numerical approximations involved and their effects on the calculated stopping power. We discuss the results of such a study for crystalline silicon with protons as irradiating ions. We examine the influences of key approximations in RT-TDDFT nonequilibrium simulations on the calculated electronic stopping power, including approximations related to basis sets, finite size effects, exchange-correlation approximation, pseudopotentials, and more. Finally, we propose a simple and efficient correction scheme to account for the contribution from core-electron excitations to the stopping power, as it was found to be significant for large proton velocities.
Behavioral Correlates of Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns among University Students.

Given the importance of young adulthood in establishing lifelong dietary habits, it is imperative to better understand potential underlying drivers of dietary behavior in the university-age population. Dietary patterns have been associated with disease risk, but behavioral predictors of dietary pattern adherence are poorly understood, especially among emerging adults. This study aims to evaluate health-related behaviors associated with dietary pattern scores among freshmen participating in the Tufts Longitudinal Health Study (TLHS; n = 630). We previously derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis and orthogonal rotation from dietary intake data. Health-related behavior data were collected via survey. All data were collected during the Spring semesters of 1998–2007. Unadjusted linear models were used to determine associations between dietary pattern scores and health-related behaviors. Significant correlates were retained in multivariable regression models, which were adjusted for demographic characteristics. We found that never eating meals away from home was associated with higher adherence to the Prudent and lower adherence to the Western and Alcohol patterns. Intention to lose weight was negatively associated with the Western pattern, while intention to gain weight was positively associated with all dietary patterns. These findings suggest that intervention efforts aimed at improving eating out behaviors and engaging in healthy weight management strategies may promote healthier dietary patterns among university students.
Anesthetic Considerations for Surgical Resection of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Brain arteriovenous malformations are encountered relatively infrequently in neurosurgical practice. However, they can pose significant perioperative challenges due to their potentially complex anatomical structure and physiologic alterations of the cerebral circulation that are still not entirely understood. An interdisciplinary approach is common with the involvement of the neurosurgeon, interventional radiologist and anesthesiologist; staged procedures are frequently required. The fundamental perioperative goals are the same as for other intracranial vascular procedures: maintain optimal cerebral perfusion pressure, prevent increases in intracranial pressure, prevent bleeding and brain edema. Considerations unique for surgical resection of arteriovenous malformations include the potential for catastrophic blood loss and postoperative brain swelling due to perfusion pressure breakthrough.
A Review of Endocrine Regulation of Metabolism during Lactation

Lactogenesis signals the shift from uterine nutrient transfer to the fetus to neonatal nourishment at the mammary gland. Metabolic adaptations involved in this process are under endocrine regulation. Key events include an increase in blood flow to mammary tissue, a decrease in nutrient utilization by peripheral tissues and an increase in nutrient utilization by mammary tissue for milk synthesis. Deficits of certain substrates during early lactation require mobilization of those substrates from depot stores. Changes in metabolism of various tissues are related to changes in hormone receptor populations of those tissues and hormone concentrations in blood. Hormone receptors are therefore the primary mechanism by which information from the endocrine systems is linked to cellular metabolism. Endocrine changes at parturition result in dramatic changes in receptor populations of key tissues such as adipose and mammary tissues. Knowledge in this area, however, is incomplete. Relationship between hormone receptors and specific cellular metabolic pathways remains unresolved.
Finite Mathematics — Then and Now

When you are invited to give an after dinner speech I suppose one should tell an after dinner story. I will do that by recounting a story that happened more than a quarter of a century ago. It is the story of an organization called the Mathematical Association of America and a committee of that organization, whose initials in those days were CUP though somehow later it sprung an additional initial of M.
Abandoned Baby Legislation: The States' Response to Parental Divestment

In response to the increased number and awareness of abandoned babies nearly ten years ago, many U.S. states have passed laws enabling parents to abandon their infants anonymously and with immunity from prosecution. This paper argues that states that adopted this response not only failed to examine the context in which mothers decide to abandon their children, it is not clear at all that these laws have actually decreased the occurrence of infant abandonment. Both historical analysis of child abandonment and an evolutionary perspective suggest that such policies may instead encourage ambivalent or struggling parents to terminate their parental investment in their children by providing a legal mechanism to do so. While it is certainly admirable that states are trying to prevent these types of tragedies, they should also more closely examine the environmental and social contexts in which mothers decide to abandon their babies. In most cases, these mothers are young and unable to care for their babies. Not only may they lack the resources to care for themselves and their newborns, they may also lack the support of the baby's father or their own families. These factors call for greater social services for these mothers to support their efforts as parents. Therefore, the states have embraced these safe haven laws for babies as an inexpensive and popular solution to this problem instead of addressing the problems and circumstances that lead women to abandon their infants.
The impact of geography, training, and experience on scope of practice among Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHY, TRAINING, AND EXPERIENCE ON SCOPE OF PRACTICE AMONG CERTIFIED REGISTERED NURSE ANESTHETISTS By: Jennifer Elyse Greenwood, PhD A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Chuck Biddle, PhD. Director of Research, Department of Nurse Anesthesia The role of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) in the delivery of anesthesia care is evolving given the recent recommendations for Institute of Medicine and provisions in the Affordable Care Act. Despite rigorous clinical training and consistent outcomes studies to support quality care given by CRNAs, the scope of practice of nurse anesthetists is frequently limited, and they do not practice to the full extent of their education and training. As health care spending becomes more constrained and demand for anesthesia services rises, the role of nurse anesthetists as more autonomous providers of anesthesia may be required to maintain access to quality care in a cost-conscious environment. Understanding the factors that influence one’s decision to engage in a broad scope of practice may guide training and recruiting practices. Using Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory as a framework to conceptualize scope of practice, an internet based survey of a cross-section of practicing CRNAs was conducted. Subjects responded to questions to describe the geography of their practice, experience as a civilian or military CRNA, and detailed clinical training variables. A composite score was created to gauge overall quality of clinical training. Each CRNA then rated their global scope of practice using a novel SOP-VAS, from 0-100. 1409 subjects participated in this study, yielding 1202 usable data sets. CRNAs practicing in rural locations exhibited higher mean SOP scores than those practicing in urban and suburban locations (p<0.001). CRNAs practicing in states that had opted-out of physician supervision had higher mean SOP scores (p<0.001). Years in Practice was positively correlated with SOP (p<0.01), however months on active duty in the military as a CRNA did not show a statistically significant correlation with SOP. Gender and the composite quality score also demonstrated a statistically significant affect on SOP. Regression modeling using significant predictors from prior analyses resulted in predictive model to describe SOP (p<0.001). Use of the novel SOP-VAS was found to be a reliable and valid tool to measure SOP among nurse anesthetists. Further study is warranted to identify additional factors that may contribute to scope of practice among nurse anesthetists.
A CULTURAL LENS INTO THE STORY UNDERNEATH: A RESOURCE GUIDE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ART, ARTISTS AND CULTURE FOR ART EDUCATION

v Introduction 1 Review of the Literature 4 Statement of the Problem 7 Methodology 10 Purpose of Themes and Intent 12 Family Narrative OneAfrican American Male 16 Narrative TwoMatriarch 25 Narrative ThreeChildren 32 Spirit Narrative FourFaith 38 Narrative FiveSpirituality 45 Narrative SixInspiration 53 Identity
The Combined Intracavernous Injection and Stimulation Test: Diagnostic Accuracy

AbstractA retrospective review was done of the results of the combined intracavernous injection and stimulation test, an office based functional test for impotence. In this procedure the quality of erection is assessed 15 minutes after injection of a vasoactive drug. In our series 90 patients did not achieve full rigidity and were instructed to perform genital self-stimulation for 5 minutes before reevaluation. Of the 90 patients 67 (74%) improved with stimulation and 23 (26%) showed no improvement. At 5 minutes after stimulation a decrease in the quality of the erection was found in 25 patients—a finding suggestive of venogenic impotence. When cavernosometry and cavernosography were performed 21 patients (84%) had moderate to severe venous leakage and 4 (16%) showed none. Self-stimulation after diagnostic injection of intracavernous agents can improve patient response, and may better predict the potential success of a therapeutic self-injection program and the diagnosis of suspected venogenic impotence.
The origins of cortical multisensory dynamics: Evidence from human infants.

Abstract Classic views of multisensory processing suggest that cortical sensory regions are specialized. More recent views argue that cortical sensory regions are inherently multisensory. To date, there are no published neuroimaging data that directly test these claims in infancy. Here we used fNIRS to show that temporal and occipital cortex are functionally coupled in 3.5-5-month-old infants (N = 65), and that the extent of this coupling during a synchronous, but not an asynchronous, audiovisual event predicted whether occipital cortex would subsequently respond to sound-only information. These data suggest that multisensory experience may shape cortical dynamics to adapt to the ubiquity of synchronous multisensory information in the environment, and invoke the possibility that adaptation to the environment can also reflect broadening of the computational range of sensory systems.
Strategies for Training Undergraduate Teaching Assistants to Facilitate Large Active-Learning Classrooms.

Several active-learning pedagogies involve groups of students working together to construct their own understanding of course content. In these classrooms, the instructor serves as a facilitator of learning, by interacting with every group, engaging students in discussions, answering questions, and providing formative feedback. This type of interaction can be challenging for instructors in large enrollment classes. The use of undergraduate teaching assistants (TAs) during active-learning “lecture” periods is an effective way to provide an active-learning experience to a large group of students. Most undergraduate students have little to no experience with facilitating active-learning environments. Therefore, it is important to provide a thorough TA training experience in order for TAs to be effective in an active-learning classroom. Using an iterative design process, several successful strategies were developed to help prepare undergraduate TAs to assist in facilitating a large organic chemistry active-le...
3DICT: a reliable and QoS capable mobile process-in-memory architecture for lookup-based CNNs in 3D XPoint ReRAMs

It is extremely challenging to deploy computing-intensive convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with rich parameters in mobile devices because of their limited computing resources and low power budgets. Although prior works build fast and energy-efficient CNN accelerators by greatly sacrificing test accuracy, mobile devices have to guarantee high CNN test accuracy for critical applications, e.g., unlocking phones by face recognitions. In this paper, we propose a 3D XPoint ReRAM-based process-in-memory architecture, 3DICT, to provide various test accuracies to applications with different priorities by lookup-based CNN tests that dynamically exploit the trade-off between test accuracy and latency. Compared to the state-of-the-art accelerators, on average, 3DICT improves the CNN test performance per Watt by 13% ~ 61X and guarantees 9-year endurance under various CNN test accuracy requirements.
Lattice Dynamical Systems in the Biological Sciences

This chapter focuses on dynamical behavior of lattice models arising in the biological sciences, in particular, attractors for such systems. Three types of lattice dynamical systems are investigated; they are lattice reaction-diffusion systems, Hopfield neural lattice systems, and neural field lattice systems. For each system the existence of a global, nonautonomous, or random attractor is shown. The upper semi continuity of attractors for the Hopfield neural lattice model and the upper semi continuity of numerical attractors are also discussed.
Electron Multi-Injector: A Strategy for Improving Quantum Efficiency of Infrared Photodetectors

The ultimate limit of the sensitivity of a photodetector can be expressed by its normalized detectivity as [1]: $D* = {\lambda \over h_{c}} \sqrt{A_{o} \over A_{e}} \eta \sqrt{1 \over 2 (G+R)t'}$ where for a given optimized detector material and thickness, the ratio of optical to electronic area of the detector, A o /A e , is a crucial parameter for the detector performance. By leveraging the degree of freedom intrinsic to this ratio, Electron Injector (EI) technology has proven capable of surpassing the current performance of commercial short-wave infrared (SWIR) cameras [2]. Unlike conventional photon detectors and imagers, which are based on planar sensing elements made of a stack of semiconductors, EI uses low-dimensional charge confinement in a 3D structure to achieve highly sensitive photon detection.
Distributional constraints and syllable structure in English

Is the peak or vowel nucleus of an English syllable more closely linked to the phonemes that come after it (the coda) than to the phonemes that come before it (the onset)? Although many linguists claim that the peak and coda form a constituent (the rime), others disagree, citing co-occurrence restrictions between the onset and the following phonemes within a syllable. Experiment 1 found that people rated syllables that violated certain proposed constraints between the onset and following phonemes as less acceptable than syllables that conformed to the constraints. However, Experiment 2 found that people nevertheless grouped the peak with the coda in a blending task, supporting the idea that syllables have an onset/rime structure.
Mechanism of molecular interaction of acrylate-polyethylene glycol acrylate copolymers with calcium silicate hydrate surfaces

Obtaining insights into the adsorption and assembly of polyelectrolytes on chemically variable calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) surfaces at the atomic scale has been a longstanding challenge in the chemistry of sustainable building materials and mineral–polymer interactions. Specifically, polycarboxylate ethers (PCEs) based on acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate co-monomers are widely used to engineer the fluidity and hydration of cement and play an important role in the search for building materials with a lower carbon footprint. We report the first systematic study of PCE interactions with C-S-H surfaces at the molecular level using simulations at single molecule coverage and comparisons to experimental data. The mechanism of adsorption of the ionic polymers is a two-step process with initial cation adsorption that reverses the mineral surface charge, followed by adsorption of the polymer backbone through ion pairing. Free energies of binding are tunable in a wide range of 0 to −5 kcal mol−1 acrylate monomer. Polymer attraction increases for higher calcium-to-silicate ratio of the mineral and higher pH value in solution, and varies significantly with PCE composition. Thereby, successive negatively charged carboxylate groups along the backbone induce conformation strain and local detachment from the surface. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains in the copolymers avoid contact with the C-S-H surfaces. The results guide in the rational design of adsorption strength and conformations of the comb copolymers, and lay the groundwork to explore the vast phase space of C-S-H compositions, surface morphologies, electrolyte conditions, and PCE films of variable surface coverage. Chemically similar minerals and copolymers also find applications in other structural and biomimetic materials.
Sustainable Cities in the Global South: Lessons from the African Continent

A watershed moment occurred in 2008 when, for the first time in human history, most of the global population could be categorized as residing in urban areas. Contributing to this remarkable transition has been the rapid population growth in cities of Africa. Natural increase and rural to urban migration patterns throughout Africa have resulted in striking rates of urbanization across the continent. Such rapid growth in urban population has fostered awareness for the need to address such development in a sustainable fashion. A regional approach to understanding the needs and addressing the issues of sustainable urban development provides opportunity to examine best practices of generating sustainability through twenty-first century efforts of planning and governance. Examination of cities as case studies affords meaningful cross-cultural context and better opportunity to identify transformational practices in policy and planning. Cities selected for examination in this research are noted for their pioneering and dynamic approaches to planning. Linking economic expansion with social equity and environmental protection, such cities may well serve as global vanguards in a new urban era.
Disclosure Spontaneity and Managers’ Explanations for Performance

There is considerable variation across firms and disclosure settings in the level of advance preparation for disclosures. Further, disclosures that involve less preparation are more spontaneous and can affect market outcomes. Despite this, little is known about how spontaneity affects disclosure characteristics. Using an experiment and a survey, we investigate how managers’ explanations for performance differ when issued more spontaneously. Our experiment varies cognitive load and task performance in a 2x2 between-participants design, and asks participants to report the reasons for their performance on an abstract task. We find that participants provide more internal reasons for performance when they respond more spontaneously following both good and poor performance. A follow-up survey of IROs documents reasons for different amounts of disclosure preparation, as well as potential consequences. Our results shed light on why managers invest in different levels of disclosure preparation, and provide evidence on how disclosure spontaneity affects disclosure characteristics.
Resource Management and Fairness for Federated Learning over Wireless Edge Networks

Federated Learning has the potential to break the barrier of AI adoption at the edge through better data privacy and reduced client to server communication cost. However, the heterogeneity among the clients' compute capabilities, communication rates, the amount and quality of data can affect the training performance in terms of overall accuracy, model fairness and convergence time. We develop compute-communication and data importance aware resource management schemes to optimize the above metrics and evaluate the training performance on benchmark datasets. We observe that the proposed algorithms strikes a balance between model performance and total training time by achieving 4x - 10x reduction in convergence time without loss of test performance. Further, our algorithms also show superior fairness performance measured by variance and worst case 10th percentile accuracy/loss on benchmark datasets.
Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema: Personalized Plans of Care to Guide Survivorship

To present and discuss care domains (oncologic, cardiometabolic, aging, behavioral, environmental) for clinicians when approaching care for a breast cancer survivor at risk for developing breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL), as well as survivors who have been diagnosed with BCRL. Assessment using each domain aids in decision-making, yet also identifies barriers to pursuing personalized care for survivors with BCRL. BCRL occurs from damage to the lymphatics during breast cancer treatment and occurs in approximately 20 to 40% of survivors. Prospective surveillance and early treatment for BCRL are supported in the literature; however, these approaches are frequently not used within evidence-based recommendations. The five domains can be used to develop a personalized plan of BCRL care. Barriers to pursuing personalized care for survivors with BCRL are identified. Future work in developing evidence-based recommendations is needed to guide clinicians and survivors during prospective surveillance, successful risk reduction, early diagnosis, and treatment of BCRL.
The Revival of Romantic Anti-Capitalism on the Right: A Synopsis Informed by Agnes Heller’s Philosophy

I link the fundamentalist zeal of Trumpism to its romantic anti-capitalist ideology, and I argue that Trumpism and its European counterparts have appropriated the imaginative plot of romantic anti-...
An Investigation of Low COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among Black Americans: The Role of Behavioral Beliefs and Trust in COVID-19 Information Sources.

Developing a COVID-19 vaccine is a critical strategy for combatting the pandemic. However, for vaccination efforts to succeed, there must be widespread willingness to vaccinate. Prior research has found that Black Americans, who are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, report lower intentions to get a vaccine than do other populations. We investigate two potential contributors to this disparity: COVID-19 vaccine-related behavioral beliefs and trust in four COVID-19 information sources (mainstream media, social media, President Trump, and public health officials and agencies). Using a nationally-representative survey (n= 889), we demonstrate that differences in vaccination beliefs explain the lower vaccination intentions reported by Black participants, compared to non-Black participants. However, while trust in information sources is associated with vaccination beliefs, differences in trust do not account for the observed differences in vaccination beliefs by race. Furthermore, we find that race moderates the relationships between trust in two sources (Trump and public health officials and agencies) and vaccination beliefs. The effects of trusting these sources on COVID-19 vaccine-related beliefs are smaller among Black participants; thus trust in these sources is less consequential to their pro-vaccination beliefs. Our results suggest that trust in information sources alone does not explain the observed relationship between race and vaccination beliefs.