cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Moral Standing of Animals in Medical Research

Major segments of the news media, as well as many scientific journals, have produced innumerable articles and stories that polarize issues about proper protections for animals involved in research. The prevailing exposition of the issues is the following: On the one hand, animal lovers make emotional appeals to the public's attachment to animals and use clever tactics to increase the vulnerability of universities and institutions of research. On the other hand, arrogant scientists refuse to respond to public controversy, have an inherent conflict of interest in reviewing research involving animals, and are out to advance their careers and interests, callously using animals as means to that end. As a result, journalists warn NIH officials that they “can expect continuing criticism from two disparate and opposing groups—animal welfare activists, who consider NIH the fox guarding the chickens … and scientists and administrators from the research community, who regard tighter restrictions as unnecessarily burdensome.”
Sellars and the "Myth of the Given"

Sellars is well known for his critique of the “myth of the given” in his “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind”. That text does not make it unambiguous just how he understands the “myth”. Here I take it that whatever else may be involved, his critique is incompatible with the view that there is a nonconceptual mode of “presentation” or “givenness” of particulars that is the heart of sense perception and what is most distinctive of perception as a type of cognition. A critical examination of Sellars’ arguments, particularly those directed at the Theory of Appearing, results in the conclusion that he has failed to eliminate the above view of perception. Moreover, though Sellars is clearly opposed to the view that perceptual experience cannot provide justification for beliefs about perceived objects, I argue that Sellars has failed to shake the intuitive plausibility of that view.
A minimax entropy registration framework for patient setup verification in radiotherapy.

In external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), patient setup verification over the entire course of fractionated treatment is necessary for accurate delivery of a specified dose to the tumor. We are working on the development of a minimax entropy registration framework for patient setup verification using dual portal images and the treatment planning 3D CT dataset. In this paper, we present an overview of our registration framework, where an iteratively and automatically estimated segmentation of the portal image is utilized to more accurately and robustly register the portal image to the 3D treatment-planning CT data. In addition, we describe initial testing of this approach. We note that, due to low resolution and low contrast of the portal images, this registration presents a difficult problem. We also note that the registration of the images in our proposed method is guided by the bony structure visible in the portal and the 3D CT images. However, since the prostate can move with respect to the pelvic bone, we...
Effects of Nonlinear Micromagnetic Coupling on a Weak-Field Magnetoimpedance Sensor

We present a general harmonic formulation that takes into account, explicitly, the effects of micromagnetics for modeling the magnetic fields in a magnetoimpedance (MI) sensor element. We first relax assumptions commonly made to derive closed form solutions from a decoupled set of linear equations. We then solve numerically (using a meshless method formulated in point-collocation) the Maxwell and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations simultaneously for the real and imaginary parts of the magnetic fields and magnetization in the context of a cylindrical amorphous MI sensor element. Comparing our results of the effects of coupling the equations of motion against published experimental data, we found striking differences both quantitatively and qualitatively between the coupled nonlinear and decoupled linear models. The coupled nonlinear harmonic formulation presented here results in improved accuracy and more consistent qualitative behavior in accordance to reported experimental observations, particularly in the weak field regime. Also presented here are spin wave amplitude distributions showing spatial dispersion within MI elements structures, which represents information lost in decoupled formulations.
Protein S and C antigen levels in proteinuric patients: Dependence on type of glomerular pathology

The cause of the thrombotic tendency in nephrotic patients is unknown. Recent reports of thrombotic complications in patients with deficiencies of protein C or protein S (natural inhibitors of coagulation) have raised the possibility that decreased levels of these proteins may play a role in the hypercoagulable state of nephrotic patients. We measured the levels of protein C, total protein S, and free protein S antigens in 42 patients (21 nephrotic and 21 non-nephrotic) with one of four types of glomerular pathology: diabetic nephropathy (DM), focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), and chronic renal failure due to hypertension (CRF). Protein C and total protein S antigen levels were significantly higher in FGS and MGN than they were in DM or CRF. Free protein S levels were lower in DM than they were in MGN. Protein C, total protein S, and free protein S levels did not significantly correlate with either serum albumin or degree of proteinuria. The mean levels of the three proteins did not differ between nephrotic and non-nephrotic patients. Free protein S and protein C were, however, significantly correlated (P less than .005 and P less than .002, respectively) with the type of glomerular pathology, independent of differences in age, sex, serum albumin, or degree of proteinuria. These data suggest that abnormalities of free protein S and protein C are related to the nature of the underlying renal disease, rather than to the degree of proteinuria.
The critical care literature 2013.

impact the effectiveness of CPR. Fatigue and distraction is not encountered with mechanical CPR devices. Westfall et al [3] performed a meta-analysis of mechanical CPR devices in the resuscitation of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The authors pooled data from 12 studies (6538 patients) with an overall successful resuscitation rate of 28%. Eight studies involved band devices, whereas the remaining 4 studies investigated piston models. Compared to manual CPR, the adjusted odds ratio for survival using mechanical devices was 1.53 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.32-1.78; P b .001). When the two mechanical device types were analyzedseparately, the load-distributingbanddevicedemonstrated better outcomes, with an adjusted odds ratio for survival of 1.62 (95% CI 1.36-1.92, P b 0.001). The piston device produced less optimal outcomes, with an adjusted odds ratio for survival of 1.25 (95% CI 0.921.68, P = .51). The authors conclude that mechanical CPR devices produce a modest improvement in survival of OHCA patients, a result that appeared to be primarily from load-distributing band devices. It is important to note that other literature examining the utility of mechanical CPR devices for patients in cardiac arrest have reported less favorable results [4,5]. It is alsoimportant to recognizethe potential for publication bias, as device manufacturers have funded many of the current studies on mechanical CPR devices, including the current
Conversion of melt-derived microfibrous borate (13-93B3) and silicate (45S5) bioactive glass in a simulated body fluid

Microfibrous bioactive glasses are showing a considerable capacity to heal soft tissue wounds, but little information is available on the mechanism of healing. In the present study, the conversion of microfibrous borate bioactive glass (diameter = 0.2–5 μm) with the composition designated 13-93B3 (5.5 Na2O, 11.1 K2O, 4.6 MgO, 18.5 CaO, 3.7 P2O5, 56.6 B2O3 wt%) was evaluated in vitro as a function of immersion time in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C using structural and chemical techniques. Silicate 45S5glass microfibers (45 SiO2, 24.5 Na2O, 24.5 CaO, 6 P2O5 wt%) were also studied for comparison. Microfibrous 13-93B3 glass degraded almost completely and converted to a calcium phosphate material within 7–14 days in SBF, whereas >85 % of the silica remained in the 45S5 microfibers, forming a silica gel phase. An amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) product that formed on the 13-93B3 microfibers crystallized at a slower rate to hydroxyapatite (HA) when compared to the ACP that formed on the 45S5 fibers. For immersion times >3 days, the 13-93B3 fibers released a higher concentration of Ca into the SBF than the 45S5 fibers. The fast and more complete degradation, slow crystallization of the ACP product, and higher concentration of dissolved Ca in SBF could contribute to the capacity of the microfibrous borate 13-93B3 glass to heal soft tissue wounds.
Genetic basis for resistance to gel baits, fipronil, and sugar-based attractants in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: blattellidae).

A gel bait-resistant Blattella germanica (L.) strain (Cincy) was collected in Cincinnati, OH, in 2003. This strain exhibited strong behavioral resistance to Avert (0.05% abamectin), Maxforce FC (0.01% fipronil), and Pre-Empt (2.15% imidacloprid) gel baits. Reciprocal mass crosses and back crosses between the Cincy strain and a susceptible strain (Jwax) were made and tested for their inheritance of resistance to Avert, Maxforce FC, and Pre-Empt gel baits. Topical assays comparing the parental and reciprocal-heterozygous strains indicated the resistance to fipronil was incompletely recessive. LD50 and LD90 values of the Jwax♂ × Cincy♀ strain were not significantly different from the Jwax♀ × Cincy♂ strain, suggesting no sex linkage in physiological fipronil resistance. Feeding assays revealed that F1 reciprocal crosses were significantly less responsive to blank Avert and Maxforce FC baits (without active ingredients) than the susceptible strain. The Jwax♀ × Cincy♂ strain did not display significantly greater consumption of blank Avert and Maxforce FC baits relative to the Jwax♂ × Cincy♀ strain. In feeding assays with agar containing d-fructose, d-galactose, d-glucose, d-lactose, d-maltose, and d-sucrose, the crosses showed an intermediate feeding response to glucose compared with the Cincy and Jwax strains, and a similar response to other sugars compared with the Jwax strain. The Jwax♂ × Cincy♀ strain was significantly less responsive to glucose than the Jwax♀ × Cincy♂ strain. Mortality induced by Avert, Maxforce FC, and Pre-Empt gel baits against the F6 Jwax♂ × Cincy♀ strain was 44.2 ± 6.8, 92.9 ± 2.1, and 78.7 ± 5.2%, respectively, indicating the resistance to Avert and Pre-Empt gel baits inherited by Cincy females was extremely stable. The F6 Jwax♂ × Cincy♀ strain was significantly more resistant to Avert, Maxforce FC, and Pre-Empt than the F6 Jwax♀ × Cincy♂ strain. These findings suggest that behavioral resistance to gel baits has weak sex-linkage, with a greater degree of the resistance trait being inherited by female cockroaches. Alternatively, physiological resistance to fipronil has no sex-linkage, but it is nonetheless important to the complete resistance phenotype.
Selective removal of demineralized enamel using a CO2 laser coupled with near-IR reflectance imaging

Detection and diagnosis of early dental caries lesions can be difficult due to variable tooth coloration, staining of the teeth and poor contrast between sound and demineralized enamel. These problems can be overcome by using near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Previous studies have demonstrated that lasers can be integrated with NIR imaging devices, allowing image-guided ablation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that NIR light at 1500 – 1700 nm can be used to guide a 9.3-μm CO2 laser for the selective ablation of early demineralization on tooth occlusal surfaces. The occlusal surfaces of ten sound human molars were used in this in-vitro study. Shallow simulated caries lesions of varying depth and position were produced on tooth occlusal surfaces using a demineralization solution. Sequential NIR reflectance images at 1500 – 1700 nm were used to guide the laser for selective ablation of the lesion areas. Digital microscopy and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) were used to assess the selectivity of removal. This study demonstrates that high contrast NIR reflectance images can be used for the image-guided laser ablation of early demineralization from tooth occlusal surfaces.
The 2006 lava dome eruption of Merapi Volcano (Indonesia): Detailed analysis using MODIS TIR

Abstract Merapi is one of Indonesia's most active and dangerous volcanoes. Prior to the 2010 VEI 4 eruption, activity at Merapi during the 20th century was characterized by the growth and collapse of a series of lava domes. Periods of very slow growth were punctuated by short episodes of increased eruption rates characterized by dome collapse-generated pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). An eruptive event of this type occurred in May–June, 2006. For effusive eruptions such as this, detailed extrusion rate records are important for understanding the processes driving the eruption and the hazards presented by the eruption. We use thermal infrared (TIR) images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites to estimate extrusion rates at Merapi Volcano during the 2006 eruption using the method of Harris and Ripepe (2007). We compile a set of 75 nighttime MODIS images of the eruptive period to produce a detailed time series of thermal radiance and extrusion rate that reveal multiple phases of the 2006 eruption. These data closely correspond to the published ground-based observational record and improve observation density and detail during the eruption sequence. Furthermore, additional analysis of radiance values for thermal anomalies in Band 21 (λ = 3.959 μm) of MODIS images results in a new framework for detecting different styles of activity. We successfully discriminate among slow dome growth, rapid dome growth, and PDC-producing dome collapse. We also demonstrate a positive correlation between PDC frequency and extrusion rate, and provide evidence that extrusion rate can increase in response to external events such as dome collapses or tectonic earthquakes. This study represents a new method of documenting volcanic activity that can be applied to other similar volcanic systems.
Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma

The thoracolumbar spine refers to the region encompassing the thoracic (T1–T12) and lumbar (L1–L5) spinal segments. The most commonly injured region of the spine is the thoracolumbar junction (T10-L2). About 16% of thoracolumbar injuries occur between T1 and T10, 52% between T11 and L1, and 32% be tween L1 and L5 (Burgos et al. 1988; Carpenter 1991; Kraus et al. 1975). Typically, the injuries are sustained by middle-aged and younger individuals and are caused by high energy trauma such as motor vehicle accidents. Less often, the injuries are due to a fall from a height or industrial accidents (Burgos et al. 1988; Carpenter 1991). Males have a four-fold higher risk than females. Injuries due to sports and recreational activities are more common in children and adolescents (Hubbard 1974; Keene 1987). Low energy injuries resulting in osteoporotic compression fractures are more common in elderly individuals.
The (n, p), (n, d) and (n, α) reactions induced by 14.6 MeV neutrons in CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals

Abstract The (n, p), (n, d) and (n, α) reactions induced by 14.6 MeV neutrons in CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals have been observed. Pulse shape discrimination has been used to distinguish the various particles, permitting an energy spectrum for each to be obtained. The proton and alpha particle spectra have been analysed from the point of view of the statistical theory of nuclear reactions, but there are left over substantial components which must be attributed to direct interactions. The direct component for protons is estimated to be at least 45 %, and for alpha particles to be at least 38 %. Absolute cross sections have been obtained by the method of “tagging” the neutron beam by its associated particles; the averages for Cs and I are found to be σ(n, p) = 8±1 mb, σ(n, d) = 1.2±0.2 mb and σ(n, α) = 1.8±0.2 mb.
Effect of Fc-Glycan Structure on the Conformational Stability of IgG Revealed by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange and Limited Proteolysis

Human therapeutic immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) molecules contain an N-glycan on each of their Fc CH2 domains. These glycans include high-mannose, hybrid, and complex types. Recombinant IgG molecules containing high-mannose glycans have been shown to clear faster in human blood, and exhibit decreased thermal stability. The molecular mechanism behind these observations, however, is not well understood. In this work, we used hydrogen/deuterium exchange combined with mass spectrometry (HDX MS), as well as proteolytic degradation under a native-like condition, to assess the impact of different glycoforms on the molecular structure and stability of recombinant IgG1 and IgG2 molecules expressed from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our HDX MS data indicate that the conformation of these IgG molecules was indeed influenced by the glycan structure. IgG molecules containing high-mannose and hybrid glycans showed more conformational flexibility in the CH2 domain. This conclusion was further supported by the analysis of gl...
1-D omnidirectional reflectors for visible and near infra red

Tin sulfide-silica multilayers are fabricated and characterized for optical and nano-mechanical properties. Multilayers act as 1-D photonic band-gap omnidirectional reflector for visible and near infra red wavelength.
Boolean neural network realization of an adder-subtractor cell

A great deal of interest has emerged recently in the field of Boolean neural networks. Boolean neural networks require far less training than the conventional neural networks and have a variety of applications. They are also strong candidates for VLSI design. In this paper, a technique for learning representation of an adder-subtractor cell has been proposed. The technique can be exploited for the VLSI design of an arithmetic unit for a pipelined digital computer.
Influence of Bolt Gap on Deformation of Transmission Tower under Action of Wind Load

For study of the impact of bolt gap on the deformation of transmission tower,taking the ZMP2-60 transmission tower for an example,finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to establish two models of transmission tower for considering bolt gap or not.Through analysis of deformation of transmission tower under the action of wind load,it finds out that the bolt gap has greatest impact on ZMP2-60 transmission tower in the wind direction of 0°.
Study on Optimization of Forging Flange Designing in UHV Steel Tubular Tower

The popularization of the steel tubular tower in UHV projects has raised new requirements for the tower reliability and economics.By comparing the materials for steel tubular towers and those for angle steel towers and considering the structural characteristics of the steel tube tower,a method for improving the economics of the UHV steel tube tower by reducing the joints is advanced.The application of the forging flange in UHV steel tubular towers is analyzed in detail and a new method for forging flange fine designing is developed.In addition,combined with the design of the EHV/UHV quadruple-circuit steel tubular tower,the feasibility and economics of the related methods are studied.The research shows that in UHV steel tubular tower designing,the proportion of forging flanges can be minimized through several ways,such as strength classification,distribution optimization and material selection.All these can further improve the economics of the UHV steel tubular towers.
Correlates of Prejudice in Nursing Students

Nursing is still a predominantly White profession, and many nursing students have had little experience with people of diverse races or sexual identities. The purpose of this study was to examine racial awareness and attitudes toward sexual minorities in incoming nursing students. The findings indicated that students had a low awareness of race issues but stated that they felt comfortable working with people of other races. Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual people were more negative and fewer students reported feeling comfortable working with sexual minorities. Low racial awareness and negative attitudes about sexual minorities were related. Parental attitudes toward sexual minorities were related to student level of comfort working with sexual minorities, but parental attitudes about racial minorities were not related to student level of comfort with people of other races. The correlates of low racial awareness and negative attitudes about sexual minorities were similar.
Evaluation of coagulation disorders in patients with diseases of Waldeyer's ring.

This article reviews presurgical screening of patients for the presence of coagulation disorders, stressing the value of a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory assays. Normal hemostatic mechanisms and the common disorders of hemostasis are discussed. Treatment of coagulation disorders for affected patients who require surgery is outlined.
Gastric acid response to pentagastrin and histamine after extragastric vagotomy in dogs.

In dogs extragastric vagotomy (cutting the hepatic and celiac branches) caused an increase in submaximal and maximal responses to pentagastrin from vagally denervated stomach (main stomach with selective gastric vagotomy or Heidenhain pouch). This effect of extragastric vagotomy was seen only with pentagastrin stimulation, not with histamine, and only in vagally denervated stomach, not in the main stomach with intact vagal innervation. We postulate that this effect may be the result of withdrawal of an inhibitor, of unknown source and nature, that is released by spontaneous activity of vagal efferent fibers.
Prison Rape Reform: Perspectives from Women with Life Sentences on the Impact of a Class Action Lawsuit

Sexual abuse by correctional staff against prisoners violates multiple international human rights standards yet, despite federal policy efforts, remains a concern in the USA. Prisoners who are victims of custodial sexual abuse have used legal remedies, such as class action lawsuits, to acknowledge their individual experiences of victimization and to gain effective remedies, as outlined in human rights law, such as injunctive relief (e.g., institutional changes). This study explores women’s perceptions of outcomes from a class action lawsuit regarding sexual abuse during imprisonment by correctional officers. This lawsuit spanned 15 years and included over 800 women. The incarcerated women serving life sentences who participated in this class action lawsuit were well positioned to describe the kinds of changes that did and did not occur in the prison as a result of the lawsuit. Therefore, incarcerated women serving life sentences were asked to participate in semi-structured interviews to elicit individual- and system-level outcomes from their involvement in the class action lawsuit. In terms of individual-level outcomes, women described two key themes of financial outcomes and meaningful participation in the lawsuit as a change effort. For prison-level changes, two themes emerged around the role of safety mechanisms in the prison and the hostile environment perpetuated by correctional officers as a result of the lawsuit. These findings offer descriptive information regarding how women in prison experience legal remedies for sexual victimization, in particular a form of “third victimization.” Likewise, they are informative for future social work policy and practice efforts to address this often neglected, but concerning, human rights violation within prisons.
The Carbon Isotopic Composition of Marine DOC

Abstract This chapter introduces readers to the underlying concepts, achievements, and background literature of the nearly 50-year-long study of the carbon isotopic composition of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The general systematics of stable carbon (δ13C) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) analyses are presented first, followed by a discussion of the methods and associated challenges in measuring the δ13C values, Δ14C values, and radiocarbon ages of marine DOC. The resulting discoveries, interpretations, and associated impacts on our understanding of DOC biogeochemistry are then discussed in detail, beginning with Peter Williams’ 1964 insights and culminating in a suite of compound-specific radiocarbon analyses.
Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation of Cyclic Hydrocarbons for the Synthesis of Substituted Aromatics and Other Unsaturated Products.

Catalytic dehydrogenation of saturated or partially saturated six-membered carbocycles into aromatic rings represents an appealing strategy for the synthesis of substituted arenes. Particularly effective methods have been developed for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanones and cyclohexenes into substituted phenol, aniline, and benzene derivatives, respectively. In this Perspective, we present the contributions of our research group to the discovery and development of palladium-based catalysts for aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation methods, including general methods for conversion of cyclohexanones and cyclohexenones into substituted phenols and a complementary method for partial dehydrogenation of cyclohexanones to cyclohexenones. The mechanistic basis for chemoselective conversion of cyclohexanones to phenols or enones is presented. These results are presented within the context of recent methods developed by others for the synthesis of aryl ethers, anilines, and other substituted arenes. Overall, Pd-cata...
Integrating a novel TS-af-HFM NF process for portable treatment of oilfield produced water

Abstract A novel two-stage anti-fouling hollow fiber membrane (TS-af-HFM) nanofiltration (NF) process was integrated with a super hydrophobic organic silica modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF/Si-R) hollow fiber membrane and a super hydrophilic silica modified polyethersulfone (PES/SiO 2 ) based TFC hollow fiber membrane for portable treatment of oilfield produced water. The performance of the TS-af-HFM NF system was investigated in terms of organics removal efficiency, permeate water flux and salt rejection. The result showed that the PVDF/Si-R membrane can dramatically remove dissolved organics from the produced water in the first stage, with the organics rejection efficiency up to 98.7%. Meanwhile, the PES/SiO 2 TFC membrane showed encouraging desalination ability with a relatively low operating pressure in the second stage. The high-efficient removal of dissolved organics in the first stage effectively eliminated the organics fouling occurred during the desalination process in the second stage. The variation of feed rate (0.05–0.2 ml/min) and operating pressure (0–30 psi) in the first stage has no significant effect on the performances of the TS-af-HFM NF system. However, with the increase of operating pressure from 50 psi to 80 psi in the second stage, the permeate water flux and salt rejection efficiency linearly increased. The system showed attractive regeneration ability for oilfield produced water treatment application.
Fibrin(ogen) drives repair after acetaminophen-induced liver injury via leukocyte αMβ2 integrin-dependent upregulation of Mmp12

Background & Aims Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is coupled with activation of the blood coagulation cascade and fibrin(ogen) accumulation within APAP-injured livers of experimental mice. We sought to define the role of fibrin(ogen) deposition in APAP-induced liver injury and repair. Methods Wild-type, fibrinogen-deficient mice, mutant mice with fibrin(ogen) incapable of binding leukocyte α M β 2 integrin (Fibγ 390-396A mice) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (Mmp12)-deficient mice were fasted, injected with 300mg/kg APAP i.p. and evaluated at a range of time-points. Plasma and liver tissue were analyzed. Rescue of Fibγ 390-396A mice was carried out with exogenous Mmp12. To examine the effect of the allosteric leukocyte integrin α M β 2 activator leukadherin-1 (LA-1), APAP-treated mice were injected with LA-1. Results In wild-type mice, APAP overdose increased intrahepatic levels of high molecular weight cross-linked fibrin(ogen). Anticoagulation reduced early APAP hepatotoxicity (6h), but increased hepatic injury at 24h, implying a protective role for coagulation at the onset of repair. Complete fibrin(ogen) deficiency delayed liver repair after APAP overdose, evidenced by a reduction of proliferating hepatocytes (24h) and unresolved hepatocellular necrosis (48 and 72h). Fibγ 390-396A mice had decreased hepatocyte proliferation and increased multiple indices of liver injury, suggesting a mechanism related to fibrin(ogen)-leukocyte interaction. Induction of Mmp12, was dramatically reduced in APAP-treated Fibγ 390-396A mice. Mice lacking Mmp12 displayed exacerbated APAP-induced liver injury, resembling Fibγ 390-396A mice. In contrast, administration of LA-1 enhanced hepatic Mmp12 mRNA and reduced necrosis in APAP-treated mice. Further, administration of recombinant Mmp12 protein to APAP-treated Fibγ 390-396A mice restored hepatocyte proliferation. Conclusions These studies highlight a novel pathway of liver repair after APAP overdose, mediated by fibrin(ogen)-α M β 2 integrin engagement, and demonstrate a protective role of Mmp12 expression after APAP overdose. Lay summary Acetaminophen overdose leads to activation of coagulation cascade and deposition of high molecular weight cross-linked fibrin(ogen) species in the liver. Fibrin(ogen) is required for stimulating liver repair after acetaminophen overdose. The mechanism whereby fibrin(ogen) drives liver repair after acetaminophen overdose requires engagement of leukocyte α M β 2 integrin and subsequent induction of matrix metalloproteinase 12.
Abstract 3848: Subtype-specific DNA damage dependent and independent functions of damage repair proteins confer chemo-resistance to leukemia

Resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge in the field of leukemia. Since, cancer cells can acquire resistance to DNA damage based therapy by modulating DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways, an in-depth understanding of DDR is important for novel drug discoveries. Hence, to understand relation between DDR and resistance we used doxorubicin resistant sub-line (K562-R) of K562 and Mitoxantrone resistant sub-line (HL60/MX) of HL60 as a model system. We show that lethal doses of Mitoxantrone to HL60 and HL60/MX do not induce DNA DSBs (double strand breaks) and accordingly there is no activation of Chk2, although there is equal uptake of drug in both, sensitive and resistant cell types. Since Mitoxantrone produce DSBs by targeting TOP2B, we checked the expression of TOPB2 and found significant decrease in the levels of topoisomerase 2 B (TOP2B). Moreover, negative regulator of TOPB2, mir 21-5P is upregulation in untreated HL60/MX explaining the absence of DSBs in HL-60/MX with Mitoxantrone treatment. Surprisingly, although there are no DSBs induced, we find high levels of DNA-PKcs, MRE11 and Rad50 in HL-60/MX. Furthermore, inhibition of DNA-PKcs re-sensitizes HL-60/MX cells to Mitoxantrone, suggesting a DNA damage independent role for DNA-PK in HL-60/MX cells. Recently DNA-PKcs is shown to play key role in fat metabolism. Indeed we find significant differences in the metabolism of HL60 and HL-60/MX where HL-60 cells use glucose but HL-60/MX cells show reduced glucose and glutamine metabolism and an over expression of fatty acid synthase. However link between DNA-PKcs over expression and differential metabolism in these cells still need to be explored. Interestingly, in contrast to HL60 model, Doxorubicin does induce equal DSBs in K562 and K562-R cells. However K562-R cells hyperactivate ATM and Chk2 to repair their DNA and survive. Importantly, we show that K562 start to show elevated activation of ATM and Chk-2 as early as two rounds of drug treatment. Accordingly, ATM inhibition leads to induction of apoptosis in resistant K562 cells. In conclusion, we show that K562 and HL60 cells use the DNA double strand break repair proteins in DNA damage dependent and independent pathways to acquire resistance to DSB inducing chemo therapeutics. Our data also highlight the importance of considering subtype specific therapeutics in leukemia. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sameer Salunkhe, Ekjot Kaur, Ashwin Ramaswamy, Ketaki Patkar, Shilpee Dutt. Subtype-specific DNA damage dependent and independent functions of damage repair proteins confer chemo-resistance to leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3848. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3848
Methods of alcohol measurement

This chapter provides guidelines on how much alcohol is safe to consume before driving as well as principles of breath analyzers, which are widely used by police for identifying impaired drivers. However, there are many pitfalls of measuring alcohol using a breath analyzer. The gold standard for forensic blood alcohol determination is headspace gas chromatography. This chapter will deal with laboratory methods for alcohol analysis in various biological fluids with sources of false positive test results.
Read All About It: Writing Health Articles for the Student Newspaper

The thrust of health care is prevention. Individuals are encouraged to become better informed about health issues and to assume more responsibility for their own health. Health has become a popular topic in the press, on radio and television, and on the Internet. Like other health care professionals, nurses are placing increased emphasis on health promotion and consumer education. Expanding the nurse educator role means oral and written communication skills are assuming greater importance, and nursing students need the opportunity to continuously develop these skills as part of their educational experience. Writing for the student newspaper gives students the opportunity to broaden and improve their writing skills and to share their expertise while promoting health.
Integrals arising in atomic Hylleraas methods

ABSTRACTMethods of integral computation for atomic Hylleraas methods are reviewed and difficulties in evaluating kinetic-energy integrals are noted. This problem can be avoided, at least for Hylleraas-CI, by expressing the kinetic-energy integrals in terms of those for the potential energy using formulas that exploit the properties of vector spherical harmonics. These formulas had probably not been found previously because their discovery uses concepts that do not arise in typical atomic or molecular computations. The validity of the new formulas is confirmed by examining a collection of test computations.
Urinary stone disease in pediatric and adult metabolic bone clinic patients

Kidney stones are increasing in the pediatric and adult populations; similarly osteoporosis is increasingly recognized in children. While kidney stone formers are known to suffer from low bone density, metabolic bone patients have not been considered a high risk population for kidney stones. Retrospective chart review of Nationwide Children’s Hospital Metabolic Bone Clinic patients from October 2009–2013. Patients were identified by ICD 9 codes for osteoporosis, osteopenia, low bone density and kidney stones. Only patients with radiologic evidence of both diseases were included.Twenty-six of 889 patients met criteria; this is equivalent to an incidence of 30 per 100,000 patients. Osteoporosis was the most frequent bone diagnosis. Males were the majority (68%). Most common secondary diagnoses: seizure (52%) and cerebral palsy (44%). Treatment: calcium (48%), vitamin D (40%), bisphosphonates (48%). The majority (75%) were non-ambulatory. Most frequent lithogenic medications: Topiramate (42%) and corticosteroids (27%). This is one of the first studies to consider metabolic bone patients as high risk for urinary stone disease. We found a higher rate of kidney stones in pediatric metabolic bone patients compared to data available for the general pediatric kidney stone population. The most common risk factor for bone and stone disease was nonambulatory status. Males were more frequently affected than females; this is the reverse of general adolescent kidney stone population. The predominance of cerebral palsy and seizure patients can be attributed to their frequency of non-ambulatory status and lithogenic medications such as Topiramate.
Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula: An Unwelcome Thrill

Cervical vertebral AV fistulae are uncommon vascular lesions involving abnormal communication between the extradural vertebral artery and surrounding venous structures. We examine the case of a female evaluated in the emergency department with a vertebral AV fistula presenting classically as pulsatile tinnitus and later successfully treated with standard endovascular techniques. A discussion on the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of vertebral AV fistulae follows.
Ripple effects of the 2011 Japan earthquake on international stock markets

Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of Japan’s 2011 earthquake on 19 stock market sector returns in Japan and its trading partners both in the short and long run. Using an event study methodology, we find that the impact of this event was not limited to Japan or industries directly hit by the earthquake. Our short-run analysis indicates that all sector indices in Japan and many in its trading partners were affected by the earthquake. The direction of the impact on trading partners, however, was not the same for all sectors; while the earthquake adversely affected the majority of the sectors analyzed, some sectors benefited. Further, we find that the magnitude of the abnormal returns did not systematically vary across trading partners according to their shares in Japan’s trade flow. The long-run analysis reveals how the consequences of the earthquake unfolded beyond the event date.
Climate, weather, socio-economic and electricity usage data for the residential and commercial sectors in FL, U.S

Abstract This paper presents the data that is used in the article entitled “Climate sensitivity of end-use electricity consumption in the built environment: An application to the state of Florida, United States” (Mukhopadhyay and Nateghi, 2017) [1] . The data described in this paper pertains to the state of Florida (during the period of January 1990 to November 2015). It can be classified into four categories of (i) state-level electricity consumption data; (ii) climate data; (iii) weather data; and (iv) socio-economic data. While, electricity consumption data and climate data are obtained at monthly scale directly from the source, the weather data was initially obtained at daily-level, and then aggregated to monthly level for the purpose of analysis. The time scale of socio-economic data varies from monthly-level to yearly-level. This dataset can be used to analyze the influence of climate and weather on the electricity demand as described in Mukhopadhyay and Nateghi (2017) [1] .
MACE: Anatomy of a Modern Control Experiment

Abstract The Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE) was designed as a Space Shuttle flight experiment to be used to demonstrate high authority active structural control in zero gravity (0-g) conditions based on analysis, ground testing, and on-orbit control redesign. MACE is a multidisciplinary project which is at the forefront of flexible structural control. MACE was flown on STS-67 in March 1995, and this paper introduces a session devoted to the results of the mission.
Change in externalizing problems over time among ethnic minority youth exposed to violence

Abstract Youth exposed to violence, many of whom are from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, are at high risk for externalizing problems such as aggressive and oppositional behavior, conduct problems, and delinquency. Most interventions target youth with already high levels of such problems, while selective prevention efforts have received less attention. It is important for researchers, policy makers and practitioners to understand how such problems develop and change over time, and how selective prevention may impact externalizing problems. In this study, we examined one-year trajectories of externalizing problems in 883 low-income, ethnic minority youth exposed to violence who participated in randomized controlled trials testing a prevention program for high-risk youth called the Strengthening Families Program. We found three trajectories of externalizing problems: Low Externalizing (43% of the sample had consistently low levels of externalizing symptoms), Persisters (39% of the sample had consistently high levels of externalizing symptoms), and Improvers (18% of the sample had initially high levels of externalizing symptoms that decreased over time). There were demographic differences between the three trajectories with individuals in the Low Externalizing trajectory more likely to be female and younger than those in the other two trajectories and Persisters and Improvers had significantly more problems with baseline internalizing symptoms, family conflict, and parenting behavior compared to the Low Externalizing trajectory. Logistic regressions then tested several predictors of membership in the Persisters trajectory compared to the Improvers trajectory, controlling for all covariates simultaneously. Only baseline parenting behavior and intervention group membership significantly predicted trajectory membership, and these were small and unreliable effects. Thus, children with varying levels of violence exposure, co-occurring emotional/behavioral problems and family issues, and varying demographics (e.g., age and gender) may do equally well over time, but engagement in this type of intervention may increase the likelihood that high levels of externalizing problems are ameliorated over time.
Corporate Volunteering: von Philanthropie zum Wachstumsmotor

Corporate Responsibility und auch Corporate Volunteering stehen haufig unter dem Verdacht, nur stattzufinden, um der Reputation eines Unternehmens zu dienen. Aber Corporate Volunteering ist keine Marketingtaktik, sondern zentrales Instrument fur die Wahrnehmung gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung als Unternehmen und Unternehmensentwicklung.
Alopecia areata: Update on management

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune nonscarring alopecia. AA presents heterogeneously and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Diagnosis is clinical after ruling out other local or systemic causes of alopecia. Standard first-line therapy is typically topical steroids, but the response can be frustrating. Novel treatment options have shown great promise in the management of the refractory disease. We review initial data on topical and systemic Janus kinase inhibitors (tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, and baricitinib), topical bimatoprost, simvastatin/ezetimibe, and excimer laser therapy among others within the context of a general approach to AA management.
ASF1a Promotes Non-homologous End Joining Repair by Facilitating Phosphorylation of MDC1 by ATM at Double-Strand Breaks.

Summary Double-strand breaks (DSBs) of DNA in eukaryotic cells are predominantly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The histone chaperone anti-silencing factor 1a (ASF1a) interacts with MDC1 and is recruited to sites of DSBs to facilitate the interaction of phospho-ATM with MDC1 and phosphorylation of MDC1, which are required for the recruitment of RNF8/RNF168 histone ubiquitin ligases. Thus, ASF1a deficiency reduces histone ubiquitination at DSBs, decreasing the recruitment of 53BP1, and decreases NHEJ, rendering cells more sensitive to DSBs. This role of ASF1a in DSB repair cannot be provided by the closely related ASF1b and does not require its histone chaperone activity. Homozygous deletion of ASF1A is seen in 10%–15% of certain cancers, suggesting that loss of NHEJ may be selected in some malignancies and that the deletion can be used as a molecular biomarker for cancers susceptible to radiotherapy or to DSB-inducing chemotherapy.
A general condition for the existence of unconnected equilibria for symmetric arches

Abstract This paper presents a semi-analytical study of unconnected equilibrium states for symmetric curved beams. Using the Fourier series approximation, a general condition for the existence of unconnected equilibria for symmetric shallow arches is derived for the first time. With this derived condition, we can directly determine whether or not a shallow arch with specific initial configuration and external load has remote unconnected equilibria. These unconnected equilibria cannot be obtained in experiments or nonlinear finite element simulations without performing a proper perturbation first. The derived general condition is then applied to curved beams with different initial shapes and external loads. It is found that initially symmetric parabolic arches under a uniformly distributed vertical force can have multiple groups of unconnected equilibria, depending on the initial rise of the structure. However, small symmetric geometric deviations are required for parabolic arches under a central point load, and half-sine arches under a central point load or a uniformly distributed load to have unconnected equilibria. The validity of the analytical derivations of the nonlinear equilibrium solutions and the general condition for the existence of unconnected equilibria are verified by nonlinear finite element methods.
Evidence-Based Practices Provided in Teacher Education and In-Service Training Programs for Special Education Teachers of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders:

The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent the identified 25 evidence-based practices were provided in teacher education and in-service training programs for special education teac...
Burnout and Values in the Social Service Profession

Social service professionals are vulnerable to burnout because of the stress they experience in their work. Personal and professional values offer potential relief from the oppressive effects of bu...
3D bioprinter applied picosecond pulsed electric fields for targeted manipulation of proliferation and lineage specific gene expression in neural stem cells

Objective Picosecond pulse electric fields (psPEF) have the potential to elicit functional changes in mammalian cells in a non-contact manner. Such electro-manipulation of pluripotent and multipotent cells could be a tool in both neural interface and tissue engineering. Here, we describe the potential of psPEF in directing neural stem cells (NSCs) gene expression, metabolism, and proliferation. As a comparison mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also tested. Approach A psPEF electrode was anchored on a customized commercially available 3D printer, which allowed us to deliver pulses with high spatial precision and systematically control the electrode position in three-axes. When the electrodes are continuously energized and their position is shifted by the 3D printer, large numbers of cells on a surface can be exposed to a uniform psPEF. With two electric field strengths (20 and 40 kV cm-1), cell responses, including cell viability, proliferation, and gene expression assays, were quantified and analyzed. Main results Analysis revealed both NSCs and MSCs showed no significant cell death after treatments. Both cell types exhibited an increased metabolic reduction; however, the response rate for MSCs was sensitive to the change of electric field strength, but for NSCs, it appeared independent of electric field strength. The change in proliferation rate was cell-type specific. MSCs underwent no significant change in proliferation whereas NSCs exhibited an electric field dependent response with the higher electric field producing less proliferation. Further, NSCs showed an upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after 24 h to 40 kV cm-1, which is characteristic of astrocyte specific differentiation. Significance Changes in cell metabolism, proliferation, and gene expression after picosecond pulsed electric field exposure are cell type specific.