cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
China's Economic Policy Today: The New State Activism

A noted American authority and investigator of China's economy outlines the general features of the ongoing reorientation of Chinese economic policymaking toward increased state activism, which has gained momentum in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. An initial section of the paper describes the marketization and privatization initiatives of China's late reform period to provide a baseline against which to measure the subsequent shift toward increased state intervention and guidance in the economy. The author traces the shift in three critical policy arenas (social policy, state-owned enterprises, and industrial and technology policy) and demonstrates how state involvement in each intensified during the global financial crisis. He then proceeds to explore the implications of accelerated state activism in the future, identifying potential rewards as well as large risks. Among the latter are macroeconomic imbalances, a "softening" of budget constraints, difficulties in recognizing and terminatin...
Use of genetically engineered Escherichia coli to monitor ingestion, loss, and transfer of bacteria in termites

Escherichia coli was transformed with a recombinant plasmid (pEGFP) containing the genes for ampicillin resistance and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Escherichia coli expressing GFP (E. coli/GFP+) was then fed to workers of the termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The transformed bacteria in the termite guts were detected by growing the gut flora under selective conditions and then checking the cultures for fluorescence. Recombinant plasmids in the termite gut were detected by plasmid extraction with subsequent restriction enzyme digest. The presence of the GFP gene in the gut of termites fed with E. coli/GFP+ was verified by PCR amplification. Transformed E. coli were ingested rapidly when workers fed on filter paper inoculated with E. coli/GFP+. After 1 day, 42% of termite guts harbored E. coli/GFP+. Transfer of E. coli/GFP+ from donor termites (fed with E. coli/GFP+) to recipients (fed with moist filter paper) occurred within 1 day. However, without continuous inoculation, termites lost the transformed bacteria within 1 week.
Humor on the Next Frontier

The author reports results of a two-pronged experimental analysis of the influence of online political humor on the attitudes of 18- to 24-year-old college students. First an analysis of the control group of the relationship between online humor viewing habits and political attitudes of youth is presented. Consistent with the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, online political humor viewership had a negative effect on trust in political institutions and evaluations of President George W. Bush. The author then presents results of the online experiment, measuring the effects of an online first-person parody of Bush starting his second term in office from JibJab.com. The clip had a negative effect on trust in political institutions among members of the experimental group. However, it had a positive effect on evaluations of the president's evaluations. This is likely because the JibJab clip differs in form from most online humor, functioning as a form of self-deprecating humor.
Computer aided design&#8212;Fact or fable?

Extremely sophisticated circuit analysis programs are in common use throughout the entire semiconductor industry. Today's electrical engineer has available to him circuit analysis tools heretofore unknown in the electronics industry. The steady-state and transient characteristics can be accurately calculated for highly complex transistor circuits. It is argued that despite the degree of mathematical sophistication contained in these computer programs, the equivalent circuits used to approximate the semiconductor components (transistors, resistors, etc.) are crude and inadequate. Thus, an a priori calculation of an integrated circuit is within reach of the entire semiconductor industry - although we lack satisfactory equivalent circuit approximations for the semiconductor components.
Profile of Excellence: Thomas J. Sergiovanni

To be a student and reader in the areas of educational administration or organisational leadership has, in the last ten years, necessitated constant exposure to the name Sergiovanni. Prolific writer, gifted teacher, creative researcher and caring mentor are all terms applied to this gentle American, born of Italian parents in New Rochelle, New York.
Platelet-activating factor-induced apoptosis is blocked by Bcl-2 in rat intestinal epithelial cells

Plateletactivating factor (PAF) is a key mediator in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) but mechanisms of PAF-induced mucosal injury are poorly understood. To determine whether apop...
Regulating the Use of Support Personnel in Schools

Abstract Rules and regulations governing the use of support personnel in Arkansas were approved in 1996. These regulations allow school districts to employ support personnel, assistants or aides, to assist master's level speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with clerical and clinical tasks. School district personnel must develop proposals, receive approval, and participate in training before the support personnel can be used in the delivery of speech-language services. The supervising SLPs manage the caseload, provide direct services, and supervise the support personnel. This model of service delivery has been used effectively in Arkansas schools to enhance services provided by the SLPs. Support personnel are employed primarily in the rural parts of the state where there is a shortage of SLPs.
Forecasting airplane technologies

Purpose – Airplane technology is undergoing several exciting developments, particularly in avionics, material composites, and design tool capabilities, and, though there are many studies conducted on subsets of airplane technology, market, and economic parameters, few exist in forecasting new commercial aircraft model introduction. In fact, existing research indicates the difficulty in quantitatively forecasting commercial airplanes due in part to the complexity and quantity of exogenous factors which feed into commercial airplane introduction decisions. This paper seeks to address this gap.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a literature review, supplemented by a collection of secondary data. The study then focuses on applying three technology forecasting techniques: multiple regression; linear regression; and the Pearl growth curve.Findings – The results provide a valid model for multiple regression and linear regression on range and composite material percentage for use in commercial...
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is required only during the traverse of early G1 in PDGF stimulated density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells☆

Density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells that had received a transient exposure to PDGF and were then transferred to medium containing only EGF and somatomedin C (Sm-C) began DNA synthesis after the G0/G1 lag. Supraphysiological concentrations of insulin could be employed to replace the Sm-C requirement. This G0/G1 lag phase was bisected by the requirement for the exogenous presence of EGF. Our data indicated that EGF was required during the traverse of only the first half of G0/G1 phase (6 h) and not during the traverse of late G1. Subphysiological serum concentrations of Sm-C were also necessary to be present with EGF for progression through early G0/G1; however, traverse of the final half of G0/G1 and commitment to DNA synthesis required the presence of Sm-C. It was found that physiological concentrations of Sm-C were required for the traverse late G1. The requirement for Sm-C for G0/G1 traverse of BALB/c-3T3 cells as opposed to human fibroblasts or glial cells may be due to a difference in endogenous synthesis of an insulin-like growth factor. Our data are in close agreement with previous reports that EGF is only required for approximately the first 8 h during traverse of the G0/G1 phase. The requirement for EGF to be present for the first 6 h of G0/G1 could result from a continued or repetitious event or by more than one distinct EGF-requiring event.
Diazinon toxicity—Comparative studies in dogs and miniature swine

Abstract Beagle dogs and Hormel-Hanford swine survived single oral doses of 300 or 500 mg/kg of diazinon. In addition, 4 daily doses of 50 mg/kg/day were tolerated. Dogs survived as long as 15 days and swine up to 30 days at doses of 25 mg/kg/day, although 2 female pigs died after 2 and 3 similar daily doses. In a chronic study, 30 beagle dogs and 30 Hormel-Hanford swine were distributed into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Diazinon, dissolved in corn oil, was given by capsule to the dogs at doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20 mg/kg/day and to the swine at doses of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg/day for 8 months. Consistent cholinergic signs were observed, primarily in the high-dose groups of both species. No marked changes in hematologic values were noted in these animals when measured at monthly intervals. Among the blood chemistry determinations made, increases with respect to control values were observed in the serum levels of amylase, lactic dehydrogenase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. These responses were not sex-related. In the dose-range studies, gross pathologic findings included hemorrhages of the heart and congestion or hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract, along with marked edematous thickening of the duodenum and jejunum in some animals. In the chronic studies, thickening and occasional rupture of the intestinal wall were observed. In swine, ulcers were found in the duodenum and the livers were firm, gritty, and hard to cut. Histopathologically, slight cirrhotic changes of the liver and hemorrhage of the intestinal tract were seen most frequently. In 2 of the 3 male dogs in the high-dose group, testicular atrophy was observed. Myeloid:erythroid (M/E) ratios in excess of 100 1 were found in dogs which received 20 mg/kg/day of diazinon and died during the first 30 days of the experiment. Three of four pigs receiving 10 mg/kg/day of diazinon died in the same period and had and M/E ratio of 3.4 1 or more. Reticulocytopenia was found in both species, although classical aplasttic anemia was not produced in either species.
Exploring re-ranking approaches for joint named-entityrecognition and linking

Recognizing names and linking them to structured data is a fundamental task in text analysis. Existing approaches typically perform these two steps using a pipeline architecture: they use a Named-Entity Recognition (NER) system to find the boundaries of mentions in text, and an Entity Linking (EL) system to connect the mentions to entries in structured or semi-structured repositories like Wikipedia. However, the two tasks are tightly coupled, and each type of system can benefit significantly from the kind of information provided by the other. In this proposal, we present a joint model for NER and EL, called NEREL, that takes a large set of candidate mentions from typical NER systems and a large set of candidate entity links from EL systems, and ranks the candidate mention-entity pairs together to make joint predictions. In our initial NER and EL experiments across three datasets, NEREL significantly outperforms or comes close to the performance of two state-of-the-art NER systems, and it outperforms 6 competing EL systems. On the benchmark MSNBC dataset, NEREL provides a 60% reduction in error over the next-best NER system and a 68% reduction in error over the next-best EL system.
Estimating Brown-Korringa constants for fluid substitution in multimineralic rocks

ABSTRACTBrown and Korringa extended Gassmann’s equations for fluid substitution in rocks to allow for arbitrarily mixed mineralogy. This extension was accomplished by adding just one additional constant—replacing the mineral bulk modulus with two less intuitive constants. Even though virtually all rocks have mixed mineralogy, the Brown and Korringa equations are seldom used because values for the constants are unknown. We estimate plausible values for the Brown-Korringa constants, based on effective medium models. The self-consistent formulation is used to describe a rock whose mineral and pore phases are randomly distributed ellipsoids—a plausible representation of randomly mixed mineral grains, as with dispersed clay in sandstone. Using the self-consistent model, the two constants are predicted to be nearly identical, justifying the use of an average mineral modulus in Gassmann’s equations. For small contrasts in mineral stiffness, the Brown-Korringa constants are approximately equal to the Voigt-Reuss-...
About God, Demons, and Miracles: the Jesuit Discourse On the Supernatural in Late Ming China

This paper proposes an alternative to the conventional paradigm of "cultural accommodation" as a key to the understanding of the Jesuit scheme of conversion in late Ming China. It challenges one of the corollaries of that paradigm, which holds that because of the paramount rationalist sensibilities of the Confucian elite, the Jesuit missionaries refrained from speaking about the mysteries and supernatural truths of Christianity. In this paper, it is instead argued that the Jesuits, rather than trying to cultivate a rational spirit in China, were primarily engaged in fashioning a new religious cult(ure) which centered upon the supreme efficacy of the Christian faith in exorcising demons and performing miracles and was of central importance to the religious conquest of territories formerly held by their indigenous rivals. It is further shown that it is this preoccupation at the same time motivated and delimited the Jesuits' campaign against Chinese religions and the introduction of Western science and learning and resulted in the application of double standards and in ambiguities and contradictions in their scientific writings.
Mechanical Stresses in Busbar Supports During Short Circuits

With the increased magnitudes of short-circuit current obtained in modern busbar circuits, it becomes a matter of great importance to determine the mechanical stresses imposed on busbar supports during short circuits. The stresses are due to the electromagnetic force produced by the current flowing in adjacent conductors in the bus structure. When usefully applied, the electromagnetic force propels electric motors, or sends the pointer of a voltmeter along the scale; but the same electromagnetic force when destructively applied may bring about rupture of bus supports, distortion of conductors or even shut-down of stations. In the days when currents were low, or when large spacings between conductors were maintained, a support sufficiently strong to carry the weight of the conductors often was sufficient to withstand the stresses due to the electromagnetic forces, but with large short-circuit currents and with reduced spacing between conductors a more accurate knowledge of the stresses due to the electromagnetic forces is absolutely essential to the designer. The electromagnetic force has been the subject of investigations in the past not only for the case of busbars but also for transformers, current-limiting reactors, and disconnecting switches. In the case of busbars, as well as in some of the other cases mentioned, the stresses resulting from the action of the forces applied are very materially affected by the mechanical vibrations produced.
Nutritional considerations in the pathogenesis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in captive cheetahs

Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver has been diagnosed in a large number of captive cheetahs. Some ingredients or contaminants present in the diet were suspected as possible causes for this noninfectious disease with high incidence. Eight different diets fed to cheetahs kept in North American zoos were analyzed for vitamin A levels and the presence or absence of plant estrogens, nitro-saminines, nitrites, and aflatoxins. Three of the eight diets were considered to contain toxic amounts of vitamin A. In humans and rats, hypervitaminosis A has been associated with hepatic vascular lesions, mainly perisinusoidal fibrosis, which progress eventually to occlusive lesions similar to VOD. Plant estrogens were detected in appreciable amounts only in one of the exotic carnivore diets. The role of plant estrogens in the pathogenesis of VOD in captive cheetahs is not clear at this time and needs further investigation. Based on the liver pathology and diet analyses, nitrosamines or their dietary precursors and aflatoxins can be excluded as possible causes of VOD in cheetahs kept in North American zoos.
Adjusted Least Squares Approach for Diagnosis of Ill-Conditioned Compliant Assemblies

Least squares (LS) estimation has been extensively used for parameter identification and model-based diagnosis. However, if ill-conditioning is present, the LS estimation approach tends to generate imprecise results and thus impacts the diagnostic performance. In this paper, an adjusted least squares approach is proposed to deal with the illconditioning problem in the diagnosis of compliant sheet metal assembly process. The adjusted LS approach is able to overcome the ill-conditioning and give precise results for certain linear combinations of the faults. Simulations and industrial case study are conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of the adjusted and regular LS approach. In addition, a two-stage assembly model is developed for further fault isolation with inclusion of additional measurement information.
A constant registry autoradiographic technic.

During recent years several autoradiographic methods, particularly adapted for certain tissues and certain radioactive substances, have been developed. However, previous to the work of Hoecker and Roofe (1), none had been developed for bone which permitted exact correlation between the microscopic structure of bone and the alpha-particle track image of the radioactive substance in the bone after the bone section was removed during processing. In order to study the distribution and concentration of radium metabolically deposited in bone, it is necessary that certain very definite requirements be fulfilled by the autoradiographic technic. (1) It must permit the bone sections to be removed from the nuclear track emulsion during photographic processing and thus prevent the bone section from coming into contact with the processing solutions. (2) It must permit the bone sections to be removed from the nuclear track emulsion during the making of photomicrographs of the alpha-particle track pattern. (3) It must p...
Prevention and Primary Care Research for Children

Abstract Medical care in the United States continues to face tremendous financial pressures. Public and private health policy claim to encourage primary care and preventive services, but also discourage services that have not been demonstrated to be effective and/or cost-effective. This article suggests a model to illustrate the conceptual relationship between traditional American medical care and “evidenced-based” medicine. It further examines how the lack of an adequate research base makes a move to purely evidence-based care premature for primary care and prevention services. The paper defines a new conceptual statistic, the uncertainty index, as the proportion of non-refuted current practice that is also not corroborated by research evidence. The greater the uncertainty index, the less appropriate is a clinical model restricted to evidence-based care. Specific theoretical barriers to outcomes research in prevention are discussed and simple criteria to determine the desirable components of care are suggested. The need for theoretical and empirical research into primary care and prevention, especially for children, is emphasized. Care that is of low risk, not of extremely high cost, and that is generally believed useful by the community of practitioners is particularly desirable in the absence of data refuting its value.
Development of Natural Killer Cell Activity and Genetic Resistance to Bone Marrow Transplantation with Age: Effect of Neonatal Thymectomy

The effect of neonatal thymectomy on the development of splenic and bone marrow natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and on genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation was examined in mice. Natural cytotoxicity was measured by a 51Cr release assay; the ability to engraft foreign bone marrow was assayed by the spleen colony method. The natural cytolytic response of spleen cells increased progressively from youth to early adulthood, whereas that of the bone marrow declined during the same age period. Neonatal thymectomy significantly elevated the natural killer cell response of young mice only (4 weeks, spleen; 6 weeks, bone marrow). In other experiments, neonatally thymectomized and sham-operated mice were lethally irradiated at 4 or 6 weeks of age and injected with 2.5, 5.0 or 10 million rat marrow cells. Six days later spleen colonies were markedly reduced in both 4- and 6-week-old neonatally thymectomized mice with all rat marrow cell doses tested. Neonatal thymectomy did not alter the percentage of erythroid versus other colonies at either 4 or 6 weeks. In both thymectomized and sham-operated mice the number of colonies increased with increases in marrow cell dose. The data are suggestive of a production and dissemination to the spleen of cells involved in the natural cytotoxic response from the bone marrow.
Calculation of elastic constants using isothermal molecular dynamics.

A new form of molecular dynamics has been developed whose trajectories generate the isothermal or canonical ensemble of classical statistical physics. We have performed molecular-dynamics calculations of the elastic constants using this new ensemble. We find that the elastic constants, as well as other thermodynamic quantities, may be calculated just as efficiently in the isothermal form of molecular dynamics as in conventional microcanonical molecular dynamics.
Gender differences in preference to offer social support to assertive men and women

Although gender bias is clearly evident in the provision of institutional social support, it is unclear whether such bias exists on a more subtle and interpersonal level. When women act appropriately assertive at work, they may actually alienate support. This paper reports an experimental study that addressed this general issue of social support among employed men and women. A sample of 61 males and 55 females (predominantly white; N=116), employed by four northeast Ohio employers participated. The extent of preference to offer support to assertive males and females was explored. An unexpected double bias was found, with each sex preferring to offer support to their own sex.
Widespread mRNA association with cytoskeletal motor proteins and identification and dynamics of myosin-associated mRNAs in S. cerevisiae.

Programmed mRNA localization to specific subcellular compartments for localized translation is a fundamental mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation that affects many, and possibly all, mRNAs in eukaryotes. We describe her e a systematic approach to identify the RNA cargoes associated with the cytoskeletal motor proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in combination with live-cell 3D super-localization microscopy of endogenously tagged mRNAs. Our analysis identified widespread association of mRNAs with cytoskeletal motor proteins, including association of Myo3 with mRNAs encoding key regulators of actin branching and endocytosis such as WASP and WIP. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy and expression of MS2-tagged mRNAs from endogenous loci, we observed a strong bias for actin patch nucleator mRNAs to localize to the cell cortex and the actin patch in a Myo3- and F-actin dependent manner. Use of a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) microscope allowed super-localization measurements of single mRNPs at a spatial precision of 25 nm in x and y and 50 nm in z in live cells with 50 ms exposure times, allowing quantitative profiling of mRNP dynamics. The actin patch mRNA exhibited distinct and characteristic diffusion coefficients when compared to a control mRNA. In addition, disruption of F-actin significantly expanded the 3D confinement radius of an actin patch nucleator mRNA, providing a quantitative assessment of the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton to mRNP dynamic localization. Our results provide evidence for specific association of mRNAs with cytoskeletal motor proteins in yeast, suggest that different mRNPs have distinct and characteristic dynamics, and lend insight into the mechanism of actin patch nucleator mRNA localization to actin patches.
Happiness, Housework and Gender Inequality in Europe

Although the last few decades have seen a progressive increase of gender equality in almost all dimensions of society, roles concerning childcare and domestic work remain highly gender-specific. Gender division of labour within the family varies considerably within and across countries. Gender systems are likely to have an important impact on individuals' well-being. Improved gender equality has enhanced the general well-being of women, although its extent may depend on the context in which women live and operate. This work considers the effect of the unequal division of labour within the household, between women and their partners, on women's own subjective assessment of happiness. We conducted the analysis using the European Social Survey data. We included 26 European countries and explored, exploiting a multi-level model to investigate the determinants of, women's differing levels of happiness across countries. In particular, we examined the extent to which gender equality at the country level can explain variation in happiness at the individual level. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
TRIANGULAR MONOIDS AND AN ANALOG TO THE DERIVED SEQUENCE OF A SOLVABLE GROUP

A sequence is defined for a monoid consisting of upper triangular matrices. This sequence is analogous to the derived sequence of the solvable group. The relationship between the two sequences is investigated and sets of upper triangular partial permutation matrices, which arise naturally from this relation, are examined.
Evasive bots masquerading as human beings on the web

Web bots such as crawlers are widely used to automate various online tasks over the Internet. In addition to the conventional approach of human interactive proofs such as CAPTCHAs, a more recent approach of human observational proofs (HOP) has been developed to automatically distinguish web bots from human users. Its design rationale is that web bots behave intrinsically differently from human beings, allowing them to be detected. This paper escalates the battle against web bots by exploring the limits of current HOP-based bot detection systems. We develop an evasive web bot system based on human behavioral patterns. Then we prototype a general web bot framework and a set of flexible de-classifier plugins, primarily based on application-level event evasion. We further abstract and define a set of benchmarks for measuring our system's evasion performance on contemporary web applications, including social network sites. Our results show that the proposed evasive system can effectively mimic human behaviors and evade detectors by achieving high similarities between human users and evasive bots.
Dengue 2 Virus NS2B and NS3 Form a Stable Complex That Can Cleave NS3 within the Helicase Domain

Flavivirus genomic RNA is translated into a large polyprotein that is processed into structural and nonstructural proteins. The N-termini of several nonstructural proteins are produced by cleavage at dibasic sites by a two-component viral proteinase consisting of NS2B and NS3. NS3 contains a trypsin-like serine proteinase domain at its N-terminus, whereas the function of NS2B in proteolysis is yet to be determined. We have used an NS3-specific antiserum, under nondenaturing conditions, to demonstrate that NS2B and NS3 form a complex both in vitro and in vivo. The N-terminal 184 residues of NS3 are sufficient to form the complex with NS2B. The complex forms efficiently when the NS2B and NS3 are translated from two different mRNAs as well as when NS2B and NS3 are translated as a polyprotein from the same mRNA. A chimeric complex can be formed between yellow fever NS2B and a chimeric yellow fever-dengue 2 NS3. Using anti-NS3 antisera, we also found that a 50-kDa fragment of NS3, consisting of the N-terminal approximately 460 residues, is produced in infected mammalian cells. This fragment is not produced in infected mosquito cells, but will form in Triton X-100 lysates of mosquito cells. The cleavage of NS3 to form this fragment is catalyzed by the NS3 proteinase itself and proteolysis requires NS2B. Examination of the amino acid sequence of NS3 reveals a potential conserved cleavage site that resembles other sites cleaved by the NS3/NS2B proteinase; this site occurs within a conserved RNA helicase sequence motif. The importance of this alternatively processed form of NS3 and its role in the replication cycle of dengue virus remain to be determined.
Conflict between religious commitment and same-sex attraction: Possibilities for a virtuous response

This article addresses the treatment of individuals who experience conflict between their religious convictions and their same-sex attraction. Recently, attention has been drawn to the ethical issues involved in the practice of sexual reorientation therapy (SRT) with such conflicted individuals. This article reviews the ethical arguments for and against SRT through the lens of the general ethical principles of the American Psychological Association's (2002) ethics code. Practitioners are then challenged to think about how they might respond virtuously (Meara, Schmidt, & Day, 1996) when presented with such a client. Thought questions are presented to assist therapists to develop in virtue while working with religious clients who are conflicted about same-sex desire.
Tuning Gold Nanoparticle−Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Brush Interactions: From Reversible Swelling to Capture and Release

Tailoring the interaction between surfaces and nanoparticles (NPs) affords great opportunities for a range of applications, including sensors, information storage, medical diagnostics, and filtration membranes. In addition to controlling local ordering and microscale patterning of the NPs, manipulating the temporal factors determining the strength of the interaction between NP and surface enables dynamic modulation of these structural characteristics. In this contribution we demonstrate robust polymer brush-NP hybrids that exhibit both reversible swelling and reversible NP adsorption/desorption. Polymer brush functionality is tailored through post-functionalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes on flat solid substrates with alpha-amine conjugates ranging from perfluoro alkanes to poly(ethylene glycol) of varying molecular weights. The type of functionality controls NP affinity for the surfaces. In the case of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the molecular weight (MW) of the PEG dictates adsorption and desorption phenomena. Higher MW PEG chains possess increased binding affinity toward NPs, which leads to higher relative Au-NP densities on the PHEMA-g-PEG brushes and concurrent sluggish desorption of NPs by thermal stimulus. Adsorption and desorption phenomena are further modulated by NP size yielding a system where adsorption and desorption are controlled by a delicate balance between the competitive energetics of polymer brush chelation versus solvation.
Interpretive themes in relational communication

This study explored the themes used by married couples, dating couples, relatives, live‐in friends, and non‐live‐in friends to interpret their current relational episodes. One hundred eighteen people participated in fifty‐five report tasks. Among the findings were that dating couples used themes of commitment, fragility, and manipulation, while marital couples, relatives, and live‐in friends used themes of involvement, work, and respect.
Predicting the psychological consequences of abortion.

Abstract The study investigated the psychosocial factors of the abortion experience from conception to three weeks after the abortion. The two major parts of the study were: (Part I) to arrive at a picture of the typical abortion patient and her experience, and (Part II) to determine predictors of the psychological sequelae of abortion. A sample of 393 women were randomly selected from patients using two abortion clinics. Structured interviews, given before the operation, and telephone interviews, given two weeks after the operation, were planned for each woman. Almost 75% of the women were employed or attending school, thus, not in roles easily suited for child care. Many of the women, belonged to conservative or fundamentalist religions. The majority of patients tended to be involved in positive relationships with their male partner, to confide in him about the abortion, and to receive support from him for the abortion. Two major types of women were found-younger, single, primigravidae women and older, married, multiparous women. The former group was more likely to attribute the pregnancy to their irresponsibility about birth control and to abort because they did not feel equipped or ready to care for a child. The latter group tended to attribute the pregnancy to birth control failure, and to abort because they had completed their families. Very few women suffered negative psychological after-effects. The three variables which were found to account for, on the average, 39% of the variance in emotional reaction were: (1) the women's overall satisfaction with her decision to abort, (2) the degree of intimacy between the woman and her male partner and whether he participated in the experience, and (3) how anxious or angry the woman became when she first suspected she was pregnant. A cross-validation indicated that the variables had predictive validity in both samples. There was an unusually high agreement between the two predictive equations ( R = 0.472, R = 0.453 ).
Simultaneous thermogravimetry—differential thermal analysis—mass spectrometry (TG—DTA—MS) using a heated capillary interface

Abstract A quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) has been successfully and simply coupled to a simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer—differential thermal analyzer (TG—DTA) through a heated capillary interface. The system has been used to study both calcium oxalate monohydrate and to interpret the unusual vaporization behavior of Buckminsterfullerene C 60 on heating in an inert atmosphere.
Reduced-order models for separation columns. IV: Treatment of columns with multiple feeds and sidestreams via spline fitting

Abstract A method based on polynomial approximation, from developing reduced-order models for separation columns was presented in the papers by Cho and Joseph [1,2]. In this article, the method is extended to include the case of columns with multiple feeds and sidedraws. The column is divided into sections, each of which is modeled using continuous polynomials.The equations describing the sections are coupled together at a feed or withdraw point through continuity equations. The method is shown to be superior to the variable redefinition approach proposed earlier (Cho and Joseph [4]. This spline fitting method also results in fewer equations overall than the method utilized by Stewart et al. [4] in their calculations. Simulation results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique.
Towards a QoS Modeling and Modularization Framework for Component-based Systems

Current domain-specific modeling (DSM) frameworks for designing component-based systems provide modeling support for system's structural as well as non-functional or quality of service (QoS) concerns. However, the focus of such frameworks on system's non-functional concerns is an after-thought and their support is at best adhoc. Further, such frameworks lack strong decoupling between the modeling of the system's structural composition and their QoS requirements. This lack of QoS modularization limits (1) reusability of such frameworks, (2) ease of their maintenance when new non-functional characteristics are added, and (3) independent evolution of the modeling frameworks along both the structural and non-functional dimensions. This paper describes Component QoS modeling language (CQML), which is a reusable, extensible, and platform-independent QoS Modeling Language that provides strong separation between the structural and non-functional dimensions. CQML supports independent evolution of structural metamodel of composition modeling languages as well as QoS metamodel. To evaluate, we superimpose CQML on a purely structural modeling language and automatically generate, configure, and deploy componentbased fault-monitoring infrastructure using aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) techniques.
First Report of Ageratum yellow vein China virus Infecting Zinnia elegans in Vietnam

Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses belong to the Geminiviridae family, which includes a group of plant DNA viruses that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and caused severe leaf curl diseases on many crops. In July 2011, symptoms of mild yellowing and curling of leaves were observed on Zinnia elegans in Hue City, Vietnam. To identify possible begomoviruses, two samples with typical symptoms (Z1 and Z2) were collected and total DNA was extracted using PlantGen DNA Kit (CoWin Biotech Co., China). Using begomovirus-specific degenerate primer pair AV494 and AC1048 to amply geminivirus capsid protein gene (3), a 586-bp DNA fragment was amplified from both collected samples. The PCR products from Z1 and Z2 were cloned and sequenced. The partial sequences from two isolates had 96.8% similarity to each other and most closely related to Ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) (98% identity to GenBank Accession Nos. AM940137.1 and AJ849916.1). Using two degenerate primer pairs bego1 (5'-ACMGGCCYATGWAYMGGAAG-3')/bego6 (5'-ACNGGDAARACRATGTGGGC-3') and bego2 (5'-CTTDATRTTBTCRTCCATCC-3')/bego3 (5'-CCWGGATTGCANARSAMGAT-3') to amplify full-length viral genome from Z1 (1). The complete DNA-A sequence from Z1 were determined to be 2,741 nucleotides (JX911332), showed high levels of sequence identity (89% [JN809812] to 98% [AJ849916.1 and AJ558120]) with AYVCNV and shared 98% nucleotide sequence identity with AYVCNV-G68 (AJ849916.1) and AYVCNV-G13 (AJ558120). No DNA-B component nor DNA-β could be detected using primers described previously (4). Zinnia leaf curl virus, Ageratum enation virus, Tobacco leaf curl virus, and Alternanthera yellow vein virus have been reported to be associated with Zinnia leaf curl disease (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of AYVCNV infecting Z. elegans. AYVCNV was first reported in A. conyzoides on Hainan Island, China, and could infect L. esculentum (Solanaceae), A. conyzoides (Asteraceae), or tobacco (Solanaceae). Our results further corroborate that AYVCNV can infect Asteraceae plants. Therefore, this virus may pose a serious threat to many plants. References: (1) L. Lin et al. Plant Prot. 37:44, 2011. (2) P. Naveen et al. J. Biotechnol. Bioinform. 2:6, 2012. (3) S. D. Wyatt et al. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996. (4) X. P. Zhou et al. J. Gen. Virol. 84:237, 2003.
A 450-year drought reconstruction for Arkansas, United States

A 450-year reconstruction of the June Palmer Drought Severity Index1 (PDSI) has been derived for Arkansas using annual tree-ring chronologies from selected old-growth baldcypress trees (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) found in floodplain swamps. This is the first palaeoclimate reconstruction achieved with baldcypress, and is some 150 years longer than any previous dendroclimatic estimate for eastern North America. The reconstruction is characterized by substantial fluctuation in the intensity and duration of past wet and dry spells, and is well verified against independent climate data. While there has been some very limited previous use of wet site species for dendrochronology2,3, this is the first verified climate reconstruction based exclusively on a swamp-grown species. Several 500–800-year-long baldcypress chronologies are under development, and some may be extended into mid- to late-Holocene times with tree-ring records from preserved subfossil cypress logs4.
From Charles Darwin's botanical country-house studies to modern plant biology.

As a student of theology at Cambridge University, Charles Darwin (1809– 1882) attended the lectures of the botanist John S. Henslow (1796–1861). This instruction provided the basis for his life-long interest in plants as well as the species question. This was a major reason why in his book On the Origin of Species, which was published 150 years ago, Darwin explained his metaphorical phrase ‘struggle for life’ with respect to animals and plants. In this article, we review Darwin’s botanical work with reference to the following topics: the struggle for existence in the vegetable kingdom with respect to the phytochrome-mediated shade avoidance response; the biology of flowers and Darwin’s plant–insect co-evolution hypothesis; climbing plants and the discovery of action potentials; the power of movement in plants and Darwin’s conflict with the German plant physiologist Julius Sachs; and light perception by growing grass coleoptiles with reference to the phototropins. Finally, we describe the establishment of the scientific discipline of Plant Biology that took place in the USA 80 years ago, and define this area of research with respect to Darwin’s work on botany and the physiology of higher plants.
Macrophages and Apoptotic Cell Clearance During Pregnancy

Background: During implantation, apoptosis is critical for the appropriate tissue remodeling of the maternal decidua and invasion of the developing embryo, yet the regulation of apoptosis is also imperative for a successful pregnancy. The quick and effective removal of apoptotic cells by tissue macrophages represents an essential process, which prevents the release of self-antigens, and in the case of pregnancy, paternal alloantigens. Methods of study: Recent studies have shown that the process of apoptotic cell clearance is not a neutral event, but rather an active one that induces macrophage production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and survival factors. Apoptotic cell clearance is, therefore, necessary for the resolution of inflammatory conditions, which during pregnancy could have lethal consequences. Conclusions: The function of the maternal immune system during implantation and throughout pregnancy is, therefore, an important area of investigation. This review will discuss the role of decidual macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance during pregnancy.
Type-safe multithreading in cyclone

We extend Cyclone, a type-safe polymorphic language at the C level of abstraction, with threads and locks. Data races can violate type safety in Cyclone. An extended type system statically guarantees their absence by enforcing that thread-shared data is protected via locking and that thread-local data does not escape the thread that creates it. The extensions interact smoothly with parametric polymorphism and region-based memory management. We present a formal abstract machine that models the need to prevent races, a polymorphic type system for the machine that supports thread-local data, and a corresponding type-safety result.
Cut the fat! Defending trans fats bans.

Is banning trans fat a bad policy? Resnik (2010) offers two general reasons for thinking so: first, because trans fat bans could lead to the government's placing other objectionable restrictions up...
Coach-mediated team building in youth sports

Abstract In youth sports, fostering the development of a positive and cohesive team climate is one objective of psychologically oriented training programs for coaches. This article reviews the theoretical and empirical bases for team building as developed within the field of industrial and organizational psychology, as well as attempts that have been made to evaluate the efficacy of team building in both organizational and physical activity contexts. Next, we describe maseaures that can be taken by youth coaches to create 8 positive and enjoyable team atmosphere, drawing upon the empirically derived guidelines found in Coach Effectiveness Training. Finally, we review experimental studies that demonstrate that coach mining can not only improve intrateam attraction, but can also have a variety of related positive outcomes for young athletes, including heightened self-esteem, reduced performance anxiety, and lowered dropout rates.
Amyloidosis-Associated Kidney Disease

The amyloidoses are a group of disorders in which soluble proteins aggregate and deposit extracellularly in tissues as insoluble fibrils, causing progressive organ dysfunction. The kidney is one of the most frequent sites of amyloid deposition in AL, AA, and several of the hereditary amyloidoses. Amyloid fibril formation begins with the misfolding of an amyloidogenic precursor protein. The misfolded variants self-aggregate in a highly ordered manner, generating protofilaments that interact to form fibrils. The fibrils have a characteristic appearance by electron microscopy and generate birefringence under polarized light when stained with Congo red dye. Advances in elucidating the mechanisms of amyloid fibril formation, tissue deposition, and tissue injury have led to new and more aggressive treatment approaches for these disorders. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of the amyloidoses, focusing heavily on the renal aspects of each of these areas.
A generalization of Kharitonov's theorem; Robust stability of interval plants

The robust stability problem is considered for interval plants, in the case of single input (multioutput) or single output (multi-input) systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for the robust stabilization of such plants is developed, using a generalization of V. L. Kharitonov's theorem (1978). The generalization given provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of a family of polynomials delta (s)=Q/sub 1/(s)P/sub 1/(s)+ . . . +Q/sub m/(s)P/sub m/(s), where the Q/sub i/ are fixed and the P/sub i/ are interval polynomials, the coefficients of which are regarded as a point in parameter space which varies within a prescribed box. This generalization, called the box theorem, reduces the question of the stability of the box, in parameter space to the equivalent problem of the stability of a prescribed set of line segments. It is shown that for special classes of polynomials Q/sub i/(s) the set of line segments collapses to a set of points, and this version of the box theorem in turn reduces to Kharitonov's original theorem. >
Parietal cells express high levels of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter on migrating into the gastric gland neck.

Na-K-2Cl cotransport and Cl/ HCO 3 exchange are prominent mechanisms for Cl− uptake in Cl−-secreting epithelial cells. We used immunofluorescence microscopy to delineate the distributions of Na-K-2...
VMTP: a transport protocol for the next generation of communication systems

The Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (VMTP) is a transport-level protocol designed to support remote procedure call, multicast and real-time communication. The protocol is optimized for efficient page-level network file access in particular.In this paper, we describe the significant aspects of the VMTP design, including the VMTP treatment of sessions, addressing, duplicate suppression, flow control and retransmissions plus its provision for multicast. The VMTP design reflects a change in the use of computer communication as well as a change in the underlying hardware base for the next generation of communication systems. It also challenges certain established notions in the design of protocols.