cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scheduling DAG's for asynchronous multiprocessor execution

A new approach is given for scheduling a sequential instruction stream for execution "in parallel" on asynchronous multiprocessors. The key idea in our approach is to exploit the fine grained parallelism present in the instruction stream. In this context, schedules are constructed by a careful balancing of execution and communication costs at the level of individual instructions, and their data dependencies. Three methods are used to evaluate our approach. First, several existing methods are extended to the fine grained situation. Our approach is then compared to these methods using both static schedule length analyses, and simulated executions of the scheduled code. In each instance, our method is found to provide significantly shorter schedules. Second, by varying parameters such as the speed of the instruction set, and the speed/parallelism in the interconnection structure, simulation techniques are used to examine the effects of various architectural considerations on the executions of the schedules. These results show that our approach provides significant speedups in a wide-range of situations. Third, schedules produced by our approach are executed on a two-processor Data General shared memory multiprocessor system. These experiments show that there is a strong correlation between our simulation results, and these actual executions, and thereby serve to validate the simulation studies. Together, our results establish that fine grained parallelism can be exploited in a substantial manner when scheduling a sequential instruction stream for execution "in parallel" on asynchronous multiprocessors. >
Hypohalite Ion Catalysis of the Disproportionation of Chlorine Dioxide

The disproportionation of chlorine dioxide in basic solution to give ClO2- and ClO3- is catalyzed by OBr- and OCl-. The reactions have a first-order dependence in both [ClO2] and [OX-] (X = Br, Cl) when the ClO2- concentrations are low. However, the reactions become second-order in [ClO2] with the addition of excess ClO2-, and the observed rates become inversely proportional to [ClO2-]. In the proposed mechanisms, electron transfer from OX- to ClO2 ( = 2.05 ± 0.03 M-1 s-1 for OBr-/ClO2 and = 0.91 ± 0.04 M-1 s-1 for OCl-/ClO2) occurs in the first step to give OX and ClO2-. This reversible step ( / = 1.3 × 10-7 for OBr-/ClO2, / = 5.1 × 10-10 for OCl-/ClO2) accounts for the observed suppression by ClO2-. The second step is the reaction between two free radicals (XO and ClO2) to form XOClO2. These rate constants are = 1.0 × 108 M-1 s-1 for OBr/ClO2 and = 7 × 109 M-1 s-1 for OCl/ClO2. The XOClO2 adduct hydrolyzes rapidly in the basic solution to give ClO3- and to regenerate OX-. The activation parameters for t...
Latina/o Identities: Social Diversity and U.S. Politics

A mong its many aspects, racialization involves the attribution of singular group identities, cultures, and behaviors to members of racialized groups (Omi and Winant 1994; Torres, Mir6n, and Inda 1999). Members of dominant, and especially hegemonic, groups have no difficulty perceiving great complexity and diversity amongst themselves, but racialization seems to render opaque the similar complexity and diversity within "minority" groups. This is as true in politics as it is in other realms of collective life. Some dominant-group candidates seek to appeal to presumed minority group "bloc" voters, while others appeal to fearful or angry dominantgroup voters by using "wedge-issue" stereotypes. Media reports fall into similar patterns on a regular basis, and even political scientists have been known to employ such social constructions. In this brief
Darwin's Galapagos finches in modern biology

One of the classic examples of adaptive radiation under natural selection is the evolution of 15 closely related species of Darwin's finches (Passeriformes), whose primary diversity lies in the size and shape of their beaks. Since Charles Darwin and other members of the Beagle expedition collected these birds on the Galapagos Islands in 1835 and introduced them to science, they have been the subjects of intense research. Many biology textbooks use Darwin's finches to illustrate a variety of topics of evolutionary theory, such as speciation, natural selection and niche partitioning. Today, as this Theme Issue illustrates, Darwin's finches continue to be a very valuable source of biological discovery. Certain advantages of studying this group allow further breakthroughs in our understanding of changes in recent island biodiversity, mechanisms of speciation and hybridization, evolution of cognitive behaviours, principles of beak/jaw biomechanics as well as the underlying developmental genetic mechanisms in generating morphological diversity. Our objective was to bring together some of the key workers in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology who study Darwin's finches or whose studies were inspired by research on Darwin's finches. Insights provided by papers collected in this Theme Issue will be of interest to a wide audience.
Newspaper journalism and video: Motion, sound, and new narratives:

Video has become a key component for multi-media newspaper websites. Working with video is often a new skill for print-based journalists, who previously may have considered it the province of television news organizations. Institutional convention has held up television news as a foil to still images and the printed word, a dualism that has fostered hierarchal thinking about video and its normative role in journalism. Such hierarchal thinking, or what Pierre Bourdieu discussed in terms of distinction, is often reflected in institutional, automatic, unconscious daily practices. This study looks through Bourdieu’s lens at a set of observational and interview data to describe the way journalists in newspaper organizations are adopting video for presenting news. The study finds that newspaper journalists, both writers and still photojournalists, are responding in ways that allow them to claim a distinct form of multi-media presentation, thereby sustaining their place in the traditional journalistic hierarchy.
SHE Analysis for Biozonation of Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages from Western Arctic Ocean

Abstract Benthic foraminiferal species abundance in samples from three Mendeleyev Ridge box cores were analyzed by cluster analysis and the newer method of SHE analysis. Previously, the latter technique only has been used on foraminiferal data from depth transects of modern surface sediment samples. Unlike most methods, which initially compare all possible pairs of samples, the SHE procedure results in a linear pattern if a sequence of samples are from the same statistical distribution. A change in slope indicates a statistical change in community structure and/or a change in species composition. The research reported herein is the first application of SHE for the purpose of identifying biozones in sediment core samples for the purpose of stratigraphic correlation. Both cluster analysis and the SHE method provided zonation within cores. However, the cluster method often produced clusters that were difficult to identify and also contained a mixture of samples without stratigraphic continuity. In contrast, ...
A modified technique to treat chronic and subacute subdural hematoma: technical note.

BACKGROUND We present a patient on warfarin in whom a drainage port system was attached to the skull, successfully draining a subacute subdural hematoma. CASE DESCRIPTION An elderly male presented to our institution with right hemiparesis a week following a motor vehicle accident. He was on warfarin for recurrent pulmonary emboli and suffered from severe coronary artery disease. Physical examination demonstrated a grade 3/5 hemiparesis and a computerized tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of subacute subdural hematoma. He underwent twist drill craniostomy and attachment of the subdural evacuating port system. Recovery in this patient was dramatic. CONCLUSION The subdural evacuating port system (SEPS) permits the neurosurgeon to drain subacute or chronic hematomas by a method that is minimally invasive, simple, and safe. The SEPS appears to promote brain expansion without the potential biohazards of other standard techniques.
Cuba's Quest for Economic Independence

Since the colonial era Cuba has been the paradigmatic case of a monocultural export economy, dependent upon the production of one primary commodity – sugar – for sale to one principal trade partner. Overcoming dependency was a high priority for Fidel Castro in 1959, yet despite a promising start, his efforts proved ultimately unsuccessful. Only the collapse of communism in Europe freed Cuba from dependent trade relations with the Soviet Union – albeit at the cost of enormous economic disruption. This article examines Cuba's post-1959 pursuit of economic independence, first to explain why the government's initial successes proved unsustainable in the 1980s, and then to examine Cuba's attempt to reinsert its economy into the global market in the aftermath of the Cold War.
Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome Secondary to a Probable Interaction Between Voriconazole and Budesonide

Oral budesonide is commonly used for the management of Crohn's disease given its high affinity for glucocorticoid receptors and low systemic activity due to extensive first-pass metabolism through hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole antifungal agent, is both a substrate and potent inhibitor of CYP isoenzymes, specifically CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4; thus, the potential for drug-drug interactions with voriconazole is high. To our knowledge, drug-drug interactions between voriconazole and corticosteroids have not been specifically reported in the literature. We describe a 48-year-old woman who was receiving oral budesonide 9 mg/day for the management of Crohn's disease and was diagnosed with fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans esophagitis; oral voriconazole 200 mg every 12 hours for 3 weeks was prescribed for treatment. Because the patient experienced recurrent symptoms of dysphagia, a second 3-week course of voriconazole therapy was taken. Seven weeks after originally being prescribed voriconazole, she came to her primary care clinic with elevated blood pressure, lower extremity edema, and weight gain; she was prescribed a diuretic and evaluated for renal dysfunction. At a follow-up visit 6 weeks later with her specialty clinic, the patient's blood pressure was elevated, and her physical examination was notable for moon facies, posterior cervical fat pad prominence, and lower extremity pitting edema. Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome due to a drug-drug interaction between voriconazole and budesonide was suspected, and voriconazole was discontinued. Budesonide was continued as previously prescribed for her Crohn's disease. On reevaluation 2 months later, the patient's Cushingoid features had markedly regressed. To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome due to a probable interaction between voriconazole and oral budesonide. In patients presenting with Cushingoid features who have received these drugs concomitantly, clinicians should consider the potential drug interaction between these agents, and the risks and benefits of continued therapy must be considered.
EPR detection of lipid-derived free radicals from PUFA, LDL, and cell oxidations

We have used the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) and EPR to detect lipid-derived radicals (Ld•) during peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cells (K-562 and MCF-7). All oxygen-centered radical adducts of DMPO from our oxidizable targets have short lifetimes ( 10 h) than the spin adducts detected without extraction. In iron-mediated DHA oxidation we observed three DMPO adducts in the aqueous phase and two in the organic phase. The aqueous phase contains DMPO/HO aN ≈ aH ≈ 14.8 G) and two carbon-centered radical adducts (aN1 ≈ 15.8 G, aH1 ≈ 22.6 G; aN2 ≈ 15.2 G, aH2 ≈ 18.9 G). The organic phase contains two long-chain lipid radical adducts (aN ≈ 13.5 G, aH ≈ 10.2 G; and aN ≈ 12.8 G; aH ≈ 6.85 G, 1.9 G). We conclude that extraction significantly increases the lifetimes of the spin adducts, allowing detection of a variety of lipid-derived radicals by EPR.
Triple-Point Temperatures of 20 Ne and 22 Ne

Interest in the triple points of neon isotopes has recently arisen as a result of the multi-institute project to understand how variations in the isotopic composition of natural neon influence the triple-point temperature of a particular sample. Given the challenges in determining with sufficiently low uncertainty both the relative isotopic concentrations, particularly of 22Ne relative to 20Ne, and the temperature differences among cells filled from different gas sources in order to determine the sensitivity coefficient with adequate confidence, modeling of the isotopic influence becomes an attractive alternative for correcting the triple points of “natural” neon samples to a common composition. The modeling requires, among other things, knowledge of the triple-point temperatures of 20Ne and 22Ne. The triple points of these pure neon isotopes have utility in their own right as secondary reference temperatures on the ITS-90, and one or both of these could replace “natural” neon in a revised International Temperature Scale or approximation to the ITS. The neon isotope triple-point temperatures (on the IPTS-68) reported by Furukawa, Kemp, and Sakurai in various publications from 1972 to 1986 predate the ITS-90, and so there is utility in contemporary measurements (on the ITS-90) with gas samples of recent production. At NRC, we find the triple point of 20Ne to be at 24.54230 K (13.80 mK below the triple point of “natural” neon) and that of 22Ne to be at 24.68889 K (132.79 mK above the triple point of “natural” neon), assuming the reference sample of “natural” neon realizes the ideal ITS-90 temperature of 24.5561 K.
The Effect of Oxygen Administration on Mixed Venous Oxygenation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

This study compares the effect of the administration of various inspired oxygen concentrations on oxygenation of mixed venous and arterial blood in 33 patients with COPD at rest Pvo 2 is interpreted as reflecting the state of whole body oxygenation. The degree of oxygenation of mixed venous blood during air breathing was a reliable index of functional classification. Normal values for PVo 2 were derived from the literature which show a negative regression with age. Arterial Po 2 did not reliably reflect the effect of oxygen administration on mixed venous blood in most cases; the reasons for this are discussed. A classification of patients with COPD is presented, based upon measurement of arterial Po 2 and Pco 2 during air breathing which serves as a guideline for oxygen therapy directed toward the correction of tissue hypoxia. The effect of oxygen administration on O 2 delivery is discussed. The term coefficient of oxygen delivery is introduced (O 2 delivery/ V ˙ O2 ); its normal values and regression with age are presented from an analysis of published data.
A Novel Methodology for Assessing the Reliability of Simulation Evaluation Instruments

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is one of the largest employers of nurses in the country, and their care impacts Veterans living in and out of the continental United States. The VHAOffice of Nursing Services supports all levels of nursing staff in the field with special initiatives, research findings, toolkits, education, and other programs that support nursingpractice. The VHA Office of Nursing Services is also a leadership partner in VHA’s Simulation Learning, Education, and Research Network (SimLEARN). When identifying and developing topics for a national simulation curriculum, key questions must be asked of the primary stakeholders. The following questions have been developed by VA experts, and used during steering committee meetings, when multiple priorities are brought to the table for a possible national roll out to the field: What is the clinical problem or issue that you are attempting to address with training? What data support its identification as a problem? What is the business/clinical case for the problem being a national priority? Is training the optimal solution? What other options have been considered? Is there evidence which shows that training employees corrects the problem? Is simulation the most appropriate modality for the training? Is there evidence of the effectiveness of clinical simulation in this type of situation? For instance, topics such as nursing orientation, mental health assessments, advanced assessments across the lifespan, team communication, or l Simulation and Learning. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A novel delay fault testing methodology using on-chip low-overhead delay measurement hardware at strategic probe points

We propose a delay fault testing methodology using on-chip delay measurement hardware. We have designed a process-tolerant, low-overhead delay measurement hardware and developed an algorithm to judiciously insert the hardware at internal nodes of logic blocks. Experimental results for a set of ISCAS89 benchmarks show up to 16.9% improvement in transition fault coverage and up to 10.5% increase in the number of detected faults for segment delay fault model, with fixed test length. The reduction in test length is up to 59% for transition fault, with fixed target coverage. The delay and area overhead due to additional DFT logic is limited to 2% and 4% respectively.
Oxyanion flux characterization using passive flux meters: development and field testing of surfactant-modified granular activated carbon.

Abstract We report here on the extension of Passive Flux Meter (PFM) applications for measuring fluxes of oxyanions in groundwater, and present results for laboratory and field studies. Granular activated carbon, with and without impregnated silver (GAC and SI-GAC, respectively), was modified with a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), to enhance the anion exchange capacity (AEC). Langmuir isotherm sorption maxima for oxyanions measured in batch experiments were in the following order: perchlorate >> chromate > selenate, consistent with their selectivity. Linear sorption isotherms for several alcohols suggest that surfactant modification of GAC and SI-GAC reduced (∼ 30–45%) sorption of alcohols by GAC. Water and oxyanion fluxes (perchlorate and chromate) measured by deploying PFMs packed with surfactant-modified GAC (SM-GAC) or surfactant-modified, silver-impregnated GAC (SM-SI-GAC) in laboratory flow chambers were in close agreement with the imposed fluxes. The use of SM-SI-GAC as a PFM sorbent was evaluated at a field site with perchlorate contamination of a shallow unconfined aquifer. PFMs packed with SM-SI-GAC were deployed in three existing monitoring wells with a perchlorate concentration range of ∼ 2.5 to 190 mg/L. PFM-measured, depth-averaged, groundwater fluxes ranged from 1.8 to 7.6 cm/day, while depth-averaged perchlorate fluxes varied from 0.22 to 1.7 g/m2/day. Groundwater and perchlorate flux distributions measured in two PFM deployments closely matched each other. Depth-averaged Darcy fluxes measured with PFMs were in line with an estimate from a borehole dilution test, but much smaller than those based on hydraulic conductivity and head gradients; this is likely due to flow divergence caused by well-screen clogging. Flux-averaged perchlorate concentrations measured with PFM deployments matched concentrations in groundwater samples taken from one well, but not in two other wells, pointing to the need for additional field testing. Use of the surfactant-modified GACs for measuring fluxes of other anions of environmental interest is discussed.
Why are some microbes more ubiquitous than others? Predicting the habitat breadth of soil bacteria

Identifying the traits that determine spatial distributions can be challenging when studying organisms, like bacteria, for which phenotypic information is limited or non-existent. However, genomic data provide another means to infer traits and determine the ecological attributes that account for differences in distributions. We determined the spatial distributions of ~124 000 soil bacterial taxa across a 3.41 km(2) area to determine whether we could use phylogeny and/or genomic traits to explain differences in habitat breadth. We found that occupancy was strongly correlated with environmental range; taxa that were more ubiquitous were found across a broader range of soil conditions. Across the ~500 taxa for which genomic information was available, genomic traits were more useful than phylogeny alone in explaining the variation in habitat breadth; bacteria with larger genomes and more metabolic versatility were more likely to have larger environmental and geographical distributions. Just as trait-based approaches have proven to be so useful for understanding the distributions of animals and plants, we demonstrate that we can use genomic information to infer microbial traits that are difficult to measure directly and build trait-based predictions of the biogeographical patterns exhibited by microbes.
The role of very-low-calorie diets in obesity

The popularity of very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) is enormous, but questions persist about their safety and their long-term efficacy. This article addresses the following questions: who should be placed on a VLCD? when should a patient go on a VLCD? how much should an individual lose? where should a VLCD program be carried out and by whom? It stresses the importance of evaluating VLCD programs by their long-term goals and long-term results. Also, a few of the unanswered questions in VLCD treatment are addressed. Finally, worrisome financial-ethical questions of the business of VLCDs is discussed.
Incorporating Multimedia Source Materials into a Traceability Framework

Requirements engineers generate domain models and requirements specifications from a variety of rich, informal sources. Yet much of this informal information is not preserved to maintain the traceability of requirements back to their origins. In this paper we describe TRECRE, a traceability framework for preserving and providing access to a variety of multimedia source materials.
Traversability metrics for rough terrain applied to repeatable test methods

Rough terrain, such as the rubble that one would expect to find in urban disaster areas, poses a severe impediment to robot mobility. The goal of this paper' is to develop methods for quantifying the difficulty a robot would encounter traversing such a region of rough terrain. Towards this, three traversability metrics describing rough terrain robot mobility are developed. In order to simplify the problem, we assume that the rough terrain in question can be discretized in a certain manner and then develop the metrics for this discretized version of the terrain. Two of the developed metrics reflect the difficulty a robot would have trying to move over the entire region of terrain (referred to as coverability). The third metric, referred to as crossability, describes the difficulty a robot would encounter attempting to move from some fixed point on the terrain to some other fixed point. We verify the applicability of the developed metrics using NIST-developed repeatable test methods (step fields) and discuss the validity of the obtained results.
Automatically mining result records from search engine response pages

Usually, Web applications such as deep Web crawlers, metasearch engines, and other Web mining systems need to extract information displayed in the form of result records on response pages returned by search engines in response to submitted queries. Extracting such records is challenging as search engines are heterogeneous in displaying their records. In addition, response pages returned by many search engines include other noisy content such as advertisements, suggestion links, etc., which make the extraction task even more complicated. In this paper, we propose a highly effective and efficient algorithm for automatically mining result records from search engine response pages.
The Big Seven Model of Personality and Its Relevance to Personality Pathology

Proponents of the Big Seven model of personality have suggested that Positive Valence (PV) and Negative Valence (NV) are independent of the Big Five personality dimensions and may be particularly relevant to personality disorder. These hypotheses were tested with 403 undergraduates who completed a Big Seven measure and markers of the Big Five and personality pathology. Results revealed that PV and NV incrementally predicted personality pathology dimensions beyond those predicted by multiple markers of the Big Five. However, factor analyses suggested that PV and NV might be best understood as specific, maladaptive aspects of positive emotionality and low agreeableness, respectively, as opposed to independent factors of personality. Implications for the description of normal and abnormal personality are discussed.
The smoking‐cessation promotion practices of physician smokers in Greece

Abstract In order to investigate Greek physicians’ smoking habits and how these affect their role in promoting smoking cessation, a survey of 148 hospital physicians was undertaken. According to their answers, 44% of the internists and 54% of the surgeons admitted to smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day for at least five years. Major obstacles for quitting were their personalities (70‐80%) and stress in hospitals (40%). For those willing to quit, an antismoking policy in their homes (32%) and hospitals (26‐29%) could have been of a great help. With respect to smoking cessation, all (100%) of the non‐smoking physicians were involved in smoking‐cessation counseling or stressing the health hazards of smoking, compared with only 50% of the smoking group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the smokers tended to underestimate the risks of several smoking‐related health hazards and did not emphasize them when counseling patients. Major obstacles to advising smoking cessation were lack of counseling time (53‐70%) and pessi...
A Miniaturized and Integrated Plastic Thermal Chemical Reactor for Genetic Analysis

A miniaturized monolithically integrated plastic thermal reactor has been realized using plastic casting method. The thermal reactor device consists of a reaction chamber, a resistive heater, a thermal electric device and a thermocouple. The temperature in the reaction chamber is controlled through a PC programmable processor. The typical heating, and cooling rates were 2.4°C/s and 2°C/s respectively. The thermal characteristic of the device was also studied through modeling. On-chip lysis of Escherichia coli cells and subsequent amplification of the released genomic DNA segments were demonstrated.
Potassium Availability in Selected Bran Products: Implications for the Renal Patient

■ Objective: To conduct an in vitro analysis to determine the extent to which potassium as a monovalent cation is disassociated from selected bran fibers and thus available for absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. ■ Design: One-gram samples from eight selected bran cereal products were analyzed by dry ashing, water leaching, and acid leaching using the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. ■ Measurements: Three procedures were used for analysis: (1) One-gram cereal samples were dry ashed and analyzed for total potassium content; (2) one-gram cereal samples were leached with water to determine solubility and the water analyzed for total potassium content; and (3) one-gram cereal samples were leached with a 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid (0.1 N HCI) solution to approximate solubility within the GI tract, and the solution was analyzed for total potassium content. ■ Main results: The dry ash potassium results remained within range of the manufacturer's analysis on the majority of the cereal samples. The mean potassium solubility of the cereal samples using the water-leaching method was 41%. The mean potassium solubility of the cereal samples using the acid-leaching method was 87%. ■ Conclusion: This preliminary research indicates that bran fibers do not bind potassium sufficiently, and the bulk is biologically available for absorption. The acid-leaching method seems to provide the closest estimate to the percent of potassium potentially available for absorption in the GI tract. However, because of the limited sample size of this study, caution should be used when extrapolating these results for dietary counseling of renal patients. It is the intent of the investigators to add to the data base to validate the findings and provide a more meaningful and clinically significant recommendation for patient counseling.
A Survey of 21 Families Transmission of HIV by Immigrant Wives with Positive of HIV in Rural

Objective To understand the character epidemic of transmission of HIV in families in rural under the status of ignorance,and the incidence rate of HIV between couples and their children.Method Twenty-one HIV positive immigrant wives were singled out in 21 families in a rural,and investigated with the questionnaires. Result Eight husbands was positive of HIV in 21 families,the incidence rate during couples was 38.10%by the horizontal transmission;7 children was born in 7 families,one of 7 children was positive of HIV,the incidence rate by vertical transmission was 14.29%.Conclusion The immigrant wives with the positive of HIV were the high risk factors in families infection,it is necessary to set up and improve the mechanism of early finding for controlling the HIV transmission from high risk groups to generals.
Effect of dietary n‐3 PUFA supplementation on the muscle transcriptome in older adults

Dietary fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation can increase muscle mass, reduce oxygen demand during physical activity, and improve physical function (muscle strength and power, and endurance) in people. The results from several studies conducted in animals suggest that the anabolic and performance-enhancing effects of n-3 PUFA are at least in part transcriptionally regulated. The effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the muscle transcriptome in people is unknown. In this study, we used muscle biopsy samples collected during a recently completed randomized controlled trial that found that n-3 PUFA therapy increased muscle mass and function in older adults to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the skeletal muscle gene expression profile in these people. Using the microarray technique, we found that several pathways involved in regulating mitochondrial function and extracellular matrix organization were increased and pathways related to calpain- and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and inhibition of the key anabolic regulator mTOR were decreased by n-3 PUFA therapy. However, the effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the expression of individual genes involved in regulating mitochondrial function and muscle growth, assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, was very small. These data suggest that n-3 PUFA therapy results in small but coordinated changes in the muscle transcriptome that may help explain the n-3 PUFA-induced improvements in muscle mass and function.
Reflected-Shock Ignition of H2-O2-Ar Mixtures with Addition of H2S

It is well known that some impurities, even in very low concentration, can induce strong changes in the combustion properties of a fuel. Amongst these impurities, H2S is a common one that can be found in syngas produced from biomass or coal and in natural gases, in addition to being a by-product of the oil industry. Unfortunately, due to both the limited available literature data and the large number of sensitive reactions with significant rate uncertainty [1], the high-temperature chemistry of sulfur species remains poorly understood.
Structured Approach Therapy for Combat-Related PTSD in Returning U.S. Veterans: Complementary Mediation by Changes in Emotion Functioning.

To address the impact of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on U.S. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans, the investigators developed a 12-session manualized PTSD treatment for couples called structured approach therapy (SAT). A randomized controlled trial had shown that 29 OEF/OIF veterans with combat-related PTSD who had participated in SAT showed significantly greater reductions in PTSD compared to 28 veterans receiving a 12-session PTSD family education intervention (Sautter, Glynn, Cretu, Senturk, & Vaught, 2015). We conducted supplemental follow-up and mediation analyses, which tested the hypothesis that changes in emotion functioning play a significant role in the decreases in PTSD symptoms primarily observed in veterans who had received SAT. Veterans assigned to the SAT condition showed significantly greater decreases than those assigned to PTSD family education in emotion regulation problems (p < .001, Cohen's f(2) = .18) and fear of intense emotions (p < .001, Cohen's f(2) = .152). Decreases in both emotion regulation problems (mediated effect:ab= .36), and fear of intense emotions (mediated effect:ab = .24) were found to be complementary mediators of reductions in PTSD symptoms greater with SAT. These findings suggest that SAT may aid veterans in improving their ability to regulate trauma-related emotions.
Predicting inpatient clinical order patterns with probabilistic topic models vs conventional order sets

Objective Build probabilistic topic model representations of hospital admissions processes and compare the ability of such models to predict clinical order patterns as compared to preconstructed order sets. Materials and Methods The authors evaluated the first 24 hours of structured electronic health record data for > 10 K inpatients. Drawing an analogy between structured items (e.g., clinical orders) to words in a text document, the authors performed latent Dirichlet allocation probabilistic topic modeling. These topic models use initial clinical information to predict clinical orders for a separate validation set of > 4 K patients. The authors evaluated these topic model-based predictions vs existing human-authored order sets by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, precision, and recall for subsequent clinical orders. Results Existing order sets predict clinical orders used within 24 hours with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81, precision 16%, and recall 35%. This can be improved to 0.90, 24%, and 47% ( P < 10−20) by using probabilistic topic models to summarize clinical data into up to 32 topics. Many of these latent topics yield natural clinical interpretations (e.g., “critical care,” “pneumonia,” “neurologic evaluation”). Discussion Existing order sets tend to provide nonspecific, process-oriented aid, with usability limitations impairing more precise, patient-focused support. Algorithmic summarization has the potential to breach this usability barrier by automatically inferring patient context, but with potential tradeoffs in interpretability. Conclusion Probabilistic topic modeling provides an automated approach to detect thematic trends in patient care and generate decision support content. A potential use case finds related clinical orders for decision support.
The Wechsler Test of Adult Reading as a Measure of Premorbid Intelligence Following Traumatic Brain Injury

OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to determine whether the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR) provides a stable estimate of premorbid intellectual ability in acutely injured patients recovering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: A total of 135 participants (43 mild TBI [mTBI], 40 moderate/severe TBI [msevTBI], 52 healthy controls) were administered the WTAR at 1 and 12 months post-injury. RESULTS: Despite similar demographic profiles, participants with msevTBI performed significantly worse than controls on the WTAR at both time points. Moreover, the msevTBI group had a significant improvement in WTAR performance over the 1-year period. In contrast, those participants with mTBI did not significantly differ from healthy controls and both the mTBI and control groups demonstrated stability on the WTAR over time. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that word-reading tests may underestimate premorbid intelligence during the immediate recovery period for patients with msevTBI. Clinicians should consider alternative estimation measures in this TBI subpopulation.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]/* */ Language: en
Los colegios profesionales

Se trata de dilucidar el sentido, alcance y las consecuencias implicitas en la norma basica de la Constitucion que prescribe que "el Estado esta al servicio de la persona humana"... Las asociaciones intermedias - por su parte- contribuyen con su propia especifica servicialidad tanto ala persona como al Estado. La que prodigan a la primera se advierte, en toda su trascendencia, en la familia; la que proporcionan al Estado se perfila con vigoroso relieve en los Colegios Profecionales.
Unity Without Totalitarianism: Tensions Within Normativity

Although he did not invent the term, Jurgen Habermas has popularised “constitutional patriotism” as a form of political unity that avoids excessive nationalism. This paper attempts to examine the l...
Does Perceived Safety Modify the Effectiveness of a Walking-Group Intervention Designed to Promote Physical Activity?

Purpose:To examine whether perceived safety modified the effectiveness of the Walk Your Heart to Health (WYHH) intervention in promoting physical activity and reducing central adiposity in predomin...
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ketamine

Ketamine, a molecule of many faces, has contributed immeasurably to numerous realms of clinical practice and scientific inquiry. From anesthesia and analgesia to depression and schizophrenia, it continues to shed light on the molecular underpinnings of pain, consciousness, and the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, research on ketamine’s mechanism of action is providing new hope in the search for therapies for treatment-resistant depression and affords insights into disorders of glutamatergic dysfunction. In this Review, we will cover aspects of ketamine’s synthesis, manufacturing, metabolism, pharmacology, approved and off-label indications, and adverse effects. We will also discuss the captivating history of this molecule, its influence on neuropsychiatry, and its potential to advance the fields of chemical neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
Practicalities of Precision Medicine: Development, Communication, and Engagement

Overall Abstract As psychiatric genetics evolves to inform precision medicine, multiple barriers may impede translation of genetic discovery to medical practice. The goal of this symposium is to illustrate challenges and opportunities in the development of precision medicine using data from studies involved in the development or application of precision medicine. Attendees will learn about downstream effects of precision medicine resulting from study design and implementation. First, Dr. Todd Lencz from the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research will discuss pharmacogenomics of antipsychotic weight gain. Next, Dr. Joanna Biernacka from the Mayo Clinic will present on pharmacogenetics of anti-depressant treatment response. Dr. Raas-Rothschild from Tel-Aviv University and the Rare Diseases Institute at the Sheba Medical Center will then discuss the complexities of medical genetics services in the era of precision medicine. Finally, Dr. Sarah Hartz from Washington University in St. Louis will present data regarding engagement and disparities in precision medicine. Our discussant, Dr. Francis McMahon will integrate the presentations and discuss broad implications on psychiatric precision medicine.
Hypercalcemia: a consultant’s approach

Due to their daily involvement in mineral metabolism, nephrologists are often asked to consult on children with hypercalcemia. This might become even more pertinent when the hypercalcemia is associated with acute kidney injury and/or hypercalciuria and renal calcifications. The best way to assess the severity of hypercalcemia is by measurement of plasma ionized calcium, and if not available by adjusting serum total calcium to albumin concentration. The differential diagnosis of the possible etiologies of the disturbance in the mineral homeostasis starts with the assessment of serum parathyroid hormone concentration, followed by that of vitamin D metabolites in search of both genetic and acquired etiologies. Several tools are available to acutely treat hypercalcemia with the current main components being fluids, loop diuretics, and antiresorptive agents. This review will address the pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and treatment modalities involved in hypercalcemia.
Asymmetric Traceless Petasis Borono-Mannich Reactions of Enals: Reductive Transposition of Allylic Diazenes.

The traceless Petasis borono-Mannich reaction of enals, sulfonylhydrazines, and allylboronates catalyzed by chiral biphenols results in an asymmetric reductive transposition of the in situ generated allylic diazene. Acyclic 1,4-diene products bearing alkyl- or aryl- substituted benzylic stereocenters are afforded in excellent yields and enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. The use of crotylboronates in the reaction results in concomitant formation of two stereocenters in a 1,4-syn or anti relationship from the corresponding E- or Z-crotylboronate used in the reaction. The use of beta mono-substituted enals in the asymmetric traceless Petasis borono-Mannich reaction of crotylboronates installs tertiary methyl-bearing stereocenters in good yields and high enantioselectivities.
Keynote lecture: Automated driving at Volkswagen Group Research — Future challenges for environment perception

With the newly developed research vehicle “Sedric” — the first Volkswagen Group vehicle not associated to any brand — Volkswagen presents its vision for future mobility. Being fully electric and fully autonomous, Sedric will be the leading technology platform for automatic driving withing the Group. A brief overview of the recent projects within Volkswagen Group research regarding Level 2 and 3 automation for cars and trucks is given. These functions are based on a “classical” environment perception model including high level sensor data fusion for static and dynamic objects and the road. This model will be shortly discussed. With Sedric the next step towards level 4 and 5 in urban environments will be taken. For this, new technologies for environmental perception are needed, i.e. a redundant multi-modal sensor set, low level sensor data fusion, artificial intelligence for image processing, scene interpretation and prediction as well as a new, versatile path planner. The requirements for these new technologies will be presented alongside with an overview of current algorithms developed at Volkswagen Group research.
A coupled ALE–AMR method for shock hydrodynamics

Abstract We present a numerical method combining adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) mesh motion for the simulation of shock hydrodynamics on unstructured grids. The primary goal of the coupled method is to use AMR to reduce numerical error in ALE simulations at reduced computational expense relative to uniform fine mesh calculations, in the same manner that AMR has been used in Eulerian simulations. We also identify deficiencies with ALE methods that AMR is able to mitigate, and discuss the unique coupling challenges. The coupled method is demonstrated using three-dimensional unstructured meshes of up to O(107) tetrahedral cells. Convergence of ALE–AMR solutions towards both uniform fine mesh ALE results and analytic solutions is demonstrated. Speed-ups of 5–10 × for a given level of error are observed relative to uniform fine mesh calculations.
Conservation priorities to protect vertebrate endemics from global urban expansion

Abstract Earth is undergoing unprecedented urban growth, with urban areas forecasted to increase by 120 million ha from 2000 to 2030, impacting natural habitat. However, to date it is unclear where conservation investments can best mitigate biodiversity loss due to urban expansion into natural habitat. Here we combine spatially-explicit global forecasts of urban expansion, information on terrestrial vertebrate endemism, and data on current land cover and protected areas to define conservation priorities. Globally, 13% of endemics are in ecoregions under high threat from urban expansion. Biodiversity losses are highly spatially concentrated, with 78% of endemics threatened by urban growth occurring in just 30 priority ecoregions (4% of all ecoregions). Natural habitat protection of 4.1–8.0 million ha,
A Seventeenth-Century Colonial Cottage Industry: New Evidence and a Dating Formula for Colono Tobacco Pipes in the Chesapeake

This study examines locally manufactured tobacco pipes commonly found on 17th-century Chesapeake sites. Analysis of these artifacts has traditionally been dominated by questions regarding the ethnicity of their makers, often based on qualitative assessments of stylistic similarity between the pipes and the material culture of indigenous American or West African peoples. The authors maintain that quantitative approaches to studying tobacco pipes can serve to answer queries of who made, distributed, and smoked these items and where they were manufactured. Particularly, the authors explore whether Colono pipes were manufactured and distributed within the Virginia Colony. Stylistic evidence supports the idea that 17th-century Jamestown acted as a center of production and/or distribution for this tobacco pipe industry in the James River Valley. Additionally, bore diameter measurements reveal that certain standardized English tools were used to manufacture a majority of Colono pipes. The authors conclude that it is highly likely that these pipes were manufactured and distributed within a colonial market system. These insights also led to the creation and preliminary evaluation of a mean dating formula based on a temporal linear regression of the pipe data from excavations at Jamestown Island and its hinterland.
Mistakes and Jokes

Freud extended his use of the concept of “primary process” in two books after The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), a book on everyday mistakes (1901b) and a book on jokes (1905a). These two books turn our attention away from the problem of the social nature of human nature back to the narrower problem of the relation between cognition and affect. As we shall see in this chapter, these two issues are related. They become connected in the problem of how to understand the obviously high level of intellectual functioning that can produce the “compromise” content of mistakes, and the even more dazzling intellectual feats that are the “joke work.” These intellectual feats occur under the press of maintaining affectional ties.
Pheochromocytoma: implications in tumorigenesis and the actual management.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine catecholamine producing tumors with varied clinical presentations, biochemistries and genetic makeup. These features outline the complexity and the difficulties in studying and understanding the oncogenesis of these tumors. The study of families with genetically inherited mutations in pheochromocytoma susceptibility genes has greatly enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of oncogenesis of the disease, and consequently changed our clinical approach. Several molecular pathways and mutations in their important regulatory proteins have been identified. Such mutations are responsible for the dysregulation of metabolic pathways involved in oxygen and nutrient sensing, apoptosis regulation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The knowledge derived from the study of these pathways will be fundamental in the future clinical management of these patients. As a rare disease that often masks its clinical presentation, the diagnosis is frequently missed and a high level of suspicion is required. Management of this disease requires a multidisciplinary team approach and has been discussed along with advances in its treatment.