cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do you see what I see? Infants’ reasoning about others’ incomplete perceptions

Twelve-month-olds realize that when an agent cannot see an object, her incomplete perceptions still guide her goal-directed actions. What would happen if the agent had incomplete perceptions because she could see only one part of the object, for example one side of a screen? In the present research, 16-month-olds were first shown an agent who always pointed to a red object, as opposed to a black or a yellow object, suggesting that she preferred red over the other colours. Next, two screens were introduced while the agent was absent. The screens were (1) red or green on both sides; (2) red on the front (infants' side) but green on the back (the agent's side) or vice versa; or (3) only coloured red or green on the front. During test, the agent, who could see only the back of the screens, pointed to one of the two screens. The results revealed that while infants expected the agent to continue acting on her colour preference and point to the red rather than the green screen during test, they did so in accord with the agent's perception of the screens, rather than their own perceptions: they expected the agent to point to the red screen in (1), but to the green-front screen in (2), and they had no prediction of which screen the agent should point to in (3). The implications of the present findings for early psychological reasoning research are discussed.
Orthostatic hypotension: a new cardiac risk factor?

This editorial refers to ‘Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to orthostatic hypotension: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies’[†][1], by F. Ricci et al ., on page 1609. Compensatory mechanisms that allow functional and sustained upright posture in humans have evolved over millions of years yet remain poorly understood. Orthostasis, derived from the Greek words orthos and stasis , meaning upright or standing, requires sufficient and sustained venous return to the heart that can overcome gravitational pooling of blood in the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, and relies on a complex interplay between autoregulatory cardiovascular, autonomic, and neuroendocrine pathways as well as often subconscious physical counter-manouevres such as leg crossing and arm folding, etc. which reduce venous capacitance and increase peripheral resistance to augment venous return.1 Transient or sustained failure of one or more of these mechanisms causes symptoms due to impaired organ perfusion termed orthostatic intolerance.2,3 Within the broad clinical manifestations of orthostatic intolerance, several discrete disorders are recognized: neurocardiogenic (vaso-vagal) syncope, the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, chronic fatigue,2,4,5 and fibromyalgia syndromes.6,7 While each of these clinical syndromes is distinct, considerable overlap exists consistent with a unifying pathophysiology. Importantly, common to each of these discrete manifestations of orthostatic intolerance is a very benign long-term … [1]: #fn-2
A high power density single-phase inverter with in-series and -parallel power decoupling method

In this paper, in order to improve the in-series power decoupling circuit, an in-series and -parallel method is proposed to further reduce the extra capacitor without performance penalty. Based on DC-side in-series method and AC-side three-leg method, a novel way is given to not only reduce the DC-link capacitor but also to decrease the extra capacitor. Thus, it could further make the system high power density and long lifetime. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of this proposed method.
The residential treatment of a consciously rejected child: a psychoanalytic study with social and legal implications

In this paper, we proposed to describe the residential psychiatric treatment of a consciously rejected nine year old girl and to comment on some of the major social and legal complications which so frequently accompany such cases. We will begin by describing the nature of residential treatment at Children's Psychiatric Hospital. We will then describe both the mother and the child, with an emphasis on understanding their psychopathology as well as the legal and social issues that arose during treatment. The resolution of the case is then presented, followed by recommendations which we feel are applicable to many similar cases seen at residential settings.
On Mining Biological Signals Using Correlation Networks

Correlation networks have been used in biological networks to analyze and model high-throughput biological data, such as gene expression from micro array or RNA-seq assays. Typically in biological network modeling, structures can be mined from these networks that represent biological functions, for example, a cluster of proteins in an interactome can represent a protein complex. In correlation networks built from high-throughput gene expression data, it has often been speculated or even assumed that clusters represent sets of genes that are co-regulated. This research aims to validate this concept using network systems biology and data mining by identification of correlation network clusters via multiple clustering approaches and cross-validation of regulatory elements in these clusters via motif finding software. The results show that the majority (81-100%) of genes in any given cluster will share at least one predicted transcription factor binding site. With this in mind, new regulatory relationships can be proposed using known transcription factors and their binding sites by integrating regulatory information and the network model itself.
Excised shoots of top-pruned red pine seedlings, a source of inoculum of the Diplodia blight pathogen

Summary Diplodia pinea causes shoot blight and collar rot diseases of pines in forest tree nurseries and sporulates on colonized seedling needles and stems. In late summer 2005, pycnidia of D. pinea were observed on shoots that had been excised by top pruning red pine seedlings earlier that summer during the third season of growth. This observation prompted surveys to determine the incidence and abundance of D. pinea conidia on excised shoots. At each of two nurseries, excised shoots were collected from the seedling canopy and adjacent alleyway soil in two subplots in each of five beds (plots). Excised shoots from both nurseries bore pycnidia with conidia of D. pinea. A water washing and filtration technique was used to quantify D. pinea conidia extracted from these shoots. Excised shoots collected from the seedling canopy yielded more D. pinea conidia than shoots collected from adjacent alleyway soil. Collection and removal of excised shoots resulting from top pruning of pine nursery seedlings should be considered as a means of reducing inoculum in areas where D. pinea is present.
Effect of Aluminum Phosphate Additions on the Crystallization and Bioactivity of Fluorrichterite Glass–Ceramics for Biomedical Applications

This study evaluated the effect of aluminum phosphate (AlPO 4 ) additions on the crystallization behavior and bioactivity of potassium fluorrichterite glasses and glass-ceramics. Four glass compositions with increasing amounts of AIPO 4 were melted. Mica and fluorrichterite were present in all glass-ceramics after crystallization. The microstructure consisted of platelet-shaped mica and prismatic fluorrichterite crystals. After incubation in simulated body fluid, a layer consisting of spherical-nanosized particles was present on the surface of the glasses. X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of hydroxyapatite after incubation of the glass and glass-ceramic powders. The addition of AlPO 4 promoted mica nucleation and bioactivity in K-fluorrichterite glass-ceramics.
Length of residence discounts, turnover, and demand elasticity. Should long-term tenants pay less than new tenants?

Abstract Previous academic work on rental contracts has predicted that landlords will attempt to minimize turnover costs by giving discounts to long-term tenants. If long-term tenants have less elastic demand than short-term tenants, however, landlords might prefer to give discounts to short-term tenants. A model is developed in this paper in which landlords take account of both turnover costs and demand elasticity. Evidence from a survey of apartment managers is consistent with the model and shows that length-of-residence discounts are less common than discounts on the first month’s rent for new tenants.
Transdermal nicotine-induced tobacco abstinence symptom suppression: nicotine dose and smokers' gender.

An aversive tobacco abstinence syndrome, thought to reflect an underlying level of nicotine dependence, contributes to cigarette smokers’ failed quit attempts. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) suppresses tobacco abstinence, but high relapse rates suggest room for improvement. Improving NRT’s efficacy might begin with identifying factors that influence tobacco abstinence symptom suppression. Two such factors are smokers’ gender and NRT dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose-related effects of transdermal nicotine (TN) on tobacco abstinence symptoms in 75 men and 53 women who regularly smoked cigarettes but who had abstained from smoking for at least 8-12 hr. Participants completed 4 double-blind, randomized 6.5-hr laboratory sessions that differed by TN dose (0, 7, 21, or 42 mg). Each session included blood sampling for plasma nicotine level, measurement of heart rate, participants’ ratings of tobacco abstinence symptoms and effects of nicotine, and psychomotor performance. Increases in plasma nicotine level were related to TN dose and were independent of gender. TN-induced abstinence symptom suppression was dose-related for items assessing craving and urge to smoke and largely was independent of gender. TN increased heart rate and ratings of aversive side effects (e.g., nausea, lighthead-edness) in a dose-related manner, and women were more sensitive at higher doses. Results from this laboratory study support the continued use of TN as a pharmacotherapy. Higher doses may ameliorate some abstinence symptoms, although the side effect profile, at least in the short term, may limit effectiveness, especially for women.
Conditional Depletion of Neurogenesis Inhibits Long-Term Recovery after Experimental Stroke in Mice

We reported previously that ablation of doublecortin (DCX)-immunopositive newborn neurons in mice worsens anatomical and functional outcome measured 1 day after experimental stroke, but whether this effect persists is unknown. We generated transgenic mice that express herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase under control of the DCX promoter (DCX-TK transgenic mice). DCX-expressing and recently divided cells in the rostral subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampus of DCX-TK transgenic mice, but not wild-type mice, were specifically depleted after ganciclovir (GCV) treatment for 14 days. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on day 14 of vehicle or GCV treatment, and mice were killed 12 weeks after MCAO. Infarct volume was significantly increased and neurologic deficits were more severe in GCV- compared to vehicle-treated DCX-TK transgenic mice at first 8 weeks, after depletion of DCX- and bromodeoxyuridine-immunoreactive cells in the SVZ and dentate gyrus following focal ischemia. Our results indicate that endogenous neurogenesis in a critical period following experimental stroke influences the course of long-term recovery.
Pitting and Crevice Corrosion of Iron Aluminides in a Mild Acid-Chloride Solution

Abstract Aqueous corrosion (pitting and crevice) characteristics of iron aluminides in a mild acid-chloride (Cl−) solution (200 ppm Cl− [5.5 × 10−3 M sodium chloride {NaCl}] at pH 4 [6.25 × 10−5 M sulfuric acid {H2SO4}]) were studied as functions of alloying additions and thermomechanical processing methods. Electrochemical results indicated beneficial effects of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo). Immersion tests confirmed the electrochemical results and revealed the time dependence of localized corrosion behavior. The crevice corrosion behavior of iron aluminides was investigated using electrochemical and immersion crevice tests. The difference between crevice and pitting susceptibilities was minimal for the Mo-containing iron aluminide but significant for the iron aluminides without Mo. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of surfaces passivated in the mild acid-chloride solution revealed the passive films of iron aluminides were composed mainly of oxidized aluminum (Al2O3) that coexisted with chromiu...
Study of data locality for real-time biomedical signal processing of streaming data on Cell Broadband Engine

High performance computing is becoming critical in the medical area to aid real-time processing of complex analysis of biological signals. In this paper parallel schemes for real-time computations of pair-wise correlation (PWC) of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which belongs to streaming-data class of applications, are proposed and implemented and their performances are evaluated. Currently most of the EEG based diagnosis for epilepsy is done off-line. However, there is a growing need to perform these diagnoses in real-time to aid health care providers, including surgeons, in decision-making process that will lead to improved quality of life and prevent undesirable consequences, such as readmission to hospitals resulting in prolonged suffering and higher health care costs. Systematic study of the PWC problem and the IBM Cell Broadband Engine (CBE) architecture led us to a model that is well suited for the Cell architecture and GPUs. Measurements on the CBE indicate that speedup of 33.91 is possible over the serial code running on Intel Xeon processor and the schemes can be used for real-time signal processing.
Production of monoclonal antibodies to human IgM for assay of viral IgM antibodies.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies to human IgM were produced by fusing the Sp 2/0-Ag 14 line of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with purified human IgM. From 6 clones which secreted antibody to human IgM, the one which produced the highest levels of antibody and grew relatively rapidly was selected for expansion and production of immune reagents for viral IgM antibody assays. Mouse ascitic fluids produced with this clone of cells had antibody titers for human IgM of 1 × 10 −10 by indirect enzyme immunofluorescence assay (EIFA). The monoclonal antibodies were found to belong to subclass 1 of murine IgG, and their specificity was shown to be directed against the Fab portion of the μ chain of human IgM. Antibodies from murine ascitic fluid conjugated with horseradish peroxidase were shown to be suitable for assay of measles IgM antibody by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase could be used in an indirect EIFA for determination of measles IgM antibodies; use of monoclonal conjugates in this system eliminated the nonspecific activity observed in tests utilizing polyclonal anti-μ reagents. Further, the monoclonal antibodies were highly satisfactory for use in a ‘capture’ system for viral IgM antibody assays. The availability of monoclonal antibodies to human IgM overcomes problems with specificity, consistency and supply which have previously hindered development and standardization of viral IgM antibody assays.
Resultados a largo plazo del tratamiento endoluminal de la arteriopatía mesentérica crónica

Las intervenciones percutaneas para tratar la aterosclerosis cronica sintomatica de las arterias mesentericas estan adquiriendo popularidad rapidamente. Este estudio evalua los resultados anatomicos y funcionales a largo plazo del tratamiento endovascular de la arteriopatia mesenterica cronica en un centro universitario de referencia. Se realizo un analisis retrospectivo de las historias clinicas de los pacientes sometidos a intervenciones endovasculares por isquemia mesenterica cronica entre 1984 y 2006. Se excluyeron los casos de isquemia aguda o los casos con reseccion intestinal. Los resultados se estandarizaron segun los criterios actuales de la Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS). Se realizaron analisis de supervivencia Kaplan-Meier, para evaluar los resultados dependientes del tiempo, y analisis de factor, utilizando un modelo de multivarianza para las variables fijas, o un modelo de azar proporcional de Cox, para las variables dependientes del tiempo. Los datos se presentan como media ± EEM. Se identificaron 31 pacientes (84% mujeres, media de edad 70, limites 43-90 anos) con 41 intervenciones sobre los vasos viscerales. Las indicaciones para la intervencion fueron: perdida de peso > 10 kg (61%) y/o dolor postprandial (94%). La puntuacion media de la comorbilidad SVS fue de 15 (intervalo 10-24). Todos los pacientes presentaban patologia mesenterica de 3 vasos con una media de 2 vasos ocluidos en la angiografia. La media del numero de vasos revascularizados fue de 2. En todos los casos se trato la estenosis y no la oclusion. La mortalidad a los 90 dias fue del 20% y la morbilidad mayor fue del 6%. Si bien los indices de permeabilidad primaria y asistida de las intervenciones a los 7 anos fueron del 69 ± 8 y 72 ± 9%, respectivamente (media ± EE, n ≥ 10), la ausencia acumulada de recurrencia de sintomas fue solamente del 56 ± 10%. El 20% de los vasos presentaron reestenosis en un plazo medio de 0,29 anos (intervalo 0,3-2,8), con una ausencia de reestenosis del 79 ± 8% a los 5 anos. El 50% de estos, todos con sintomas recurrentes, fueron reintervenidos con exito mediante angioplastia con balon con resolucion de los sintomas. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los resultados del tronco celiaco y mesenterica superior. La correlacion entre la recurrencia de los sintomas y la reestenosis fue significativa (p
Science Teachers’ Perceived Benefits of an Out‐of‐school Enrichment Programme: Identity needs and university affordances

Science enrichment programmes housed outside traditional school settings offer unique opportunities to access and use authentic scientific tools and practices, especially for urban students whose school science experiences often lack resources. Yet opportunities to access these tools and practices are realized only when science teachers value them sufficiently to take advantage of them. This study examines how eight urban secondary science teachers evaluated a specific out‐of‐school science enrichment programme—a one‐year partnership with a local university science outreach centre, which culminated in a half‐day laboratory experience for their students. Teachers’ perceptions were captured through interviews and surveys. Findings indicate that these teachers came to identify and value many of the potential benefits for out‐of‐school enrichment programmes reported in the literature as well as some additional ones. The teachers’ also showed a shift over time with respect to their perceptions of the value of ...
Distributions of uronic acids and O-methyl sugars in sinking and sedimentary particles in two coastal marine environments

Abstract Although recent research has indicated that bacteria may contribute an important fraction of biochemical residues in terrestrial and marine environments, it is difficult for geochemists to identify contributions from these ubiquitous and biochemically diverse organisms. Previous studies have suggested uronic acids and O -methyl sugars may be useful indicators of microbial abundance and activity, but have been limited primarily to analyses of a small number of isolated samples. We report here comparative distributions of O -methyl sugars, uronic acids, and aldoses in sediment trap material and sediments from Dabob Bay, WA and nearby Saanich Inlet, BC, where temporal and spatial trends may be used together with well-established patterns in other biochemicals to identify bacterial contributions against the background of other carbohydrate sources. O -methyl sugars and uronic acids were important contributors to the overall flux and burial of polysaccharide material in Dabob Bay and Saanich Inlet, composing ≤12 wt% of the total carbohydrate yields from sediment trap and sediment samples. O -methyl sugars accounted for an average of 5% of the carbohydrate yields from sediment trap materials and sediments, but were found rarely and only in low abundance in vascular plant tissues, phytoplankton, and kelp. In contrast, uronic acids were abundant products of sediment trap material and sediments, as well as vascular plant tissues, where in some cases they predominated among all carbohydrates. Uronic acid abundance in sediment trap material averaged 3% and ranged to >6% of total carbohydrate yields. The persistence of total minor sugar yields in water column collections from Dabob Bay throughout the seasonal cycle indicated they had a primary source that was not directly related to plankton bloom cycles nor pulsed inputs of vascular plant remains. Subsurface maxima in total minor sugar yields (and several individual components) within sediment cores from both sites indicate in situ sedimentary sources. Taken together, the observed environmental distributions strongly suggest that the minor sugar abundances in Dabob Bay and Saanich Inlet were controlled by in situ microbial production.
Algorithm 845: EIGIFP: a MATLAB program for solving large symmetric generalized eigenvalue problems

eigifp is a MATLAB program for computing a few extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the large symmetric generalized eigenvalue problem Ax = λ Bx. It is a black-box implementation of an inverse free preconditioned Krylov subspace projection method developed by Golub and Ye [2002]. It has important features that allow it to solve some difficult problems without any input from users. It is particularly suitable for problems where preconditioning by the standard shift-and-invert transformation is not feasible.
Preparation of Attrition-Resistant Spray-Dried Fe Fischer−Tropsch Catalysts Using Precipitated SiO2

Spray-dried Fe Fischer−Tropsch (FT) catalysts can be prepared that have sufficient attrition resistance for use in slurry bubble column reactors without sacrifice of their activities and selectivities. Earlier studies from our group have shown that the type (binder or binder-and-precipitated) and concentration of silica incorporated into Fe spray-dried Fischer−Tropsch (FT) catalysts have significant impacts on catalyst attrition and that attrition resistance is strongly dependent on particle density. Although the use of a refractory oxide such as SiO2 is necessary to produce and maintain the high active surface area of a catalyst, the use of high concentrations of binder or binder-and-precipitated SiO2 results in poorer attrition resistance. This paper reports on the effect of precipitated silica by itself on the attrition resistance of Fe FT catalysts produced by spray drying. Earlier work by others suggested that the use of precipitated SiO2 alone produced less than adequate attrition-resistant Fe catal...
Chiral smectic C structures of virus-based films

Long-range ordered virus-based films were fabricated using M13 phages (viruses) which were aligned and assembled using the meniscus phenomena. Their ordered structures and morphologies were studied and characterized using polarized optical microscopy (POM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). M13 virus particles which are 880 nm in length were the basic building block of the fabricated films. Due to the unique micrometer length scale of viruses, the smectic ordering of virus particles could be easily visualized using conventional microscopy techniques and compared with a theoretical model of chiral liquid crystal structures. From the results of POM, AFM, and SEM, the viral films were determined to have a chiral smectic C structure. By a comparison of the ordering of film formation as a function of virus concentration and the formation of bundle-like domain structure found in viral thin films, a mechanism of film formation is suggested. These virus-based film structures a...
Evaluation of the Recumbent Neonate

The evaluation of the recumbent neonate is not always straightforward and supportive treatment often needs to be initiated before a thorough examination can be completed. After the foal is stabilized a complete picture must be obtained that includes history of the mare and foal including information about the delivery and placenta. Neonatal diseases can be complex affecting many different body systems, and a methodical approach to examination is important to promote selection of appropriate diagnostic tests. Common causes of recumbency in the newborn foal include sepsis, hypoxia, trauma, and colic, but it is important to recognize more unusual conditions that can be life-threatening and require immediate intervention.
Reconstructing paleoecology and paleoenvironmental variables using factor analysis and regression: some limitations

Abstract We test the success of Principal Components, Factor and Regression Analysis at recovering environmental signals using numerical experiments in which we control species environmental responses, the environmental conditions and the sampling scheme used for calibration. We use two general conditions, one in which sampling of a continental margin for benthic foraminiferal assemblages is done in a standard grid and the driving environmental variables are correlated to one another, and the other where sampling is done so that the environmental variables are uncorrelated. The first condition mimics many studies in the literature. We find that where the controlling environmental variables are correlated, Principal Components/Factor Analysis yield factors that reflect the common variance (correlation) of those variables. Since this common variance is largely a product of the sampling scheme, the factors extracted do not reliably present true species ecologic behavior. This behavior cannot be accurately diagnosed and faulty interpretations may lead to substantial error when using factor coefficients to reconstruct conditions in the past. When the sampling scheme is constructed so that the controlling environmental variables for the calibration data set are uncorrelated the factor patterns will reflect these variables more accurately. Species responses can be more successfully interpreted from the Principal Components/Factor Analysis structure matrices. Additionally, regression analysis can successfully extract the independent environmental signals from the biotic data set. However, matrix closure is a confounding effect in all our numerical results as it distorts species' abundances and spatial distribution in the calibration data set. Our results show clearly that a knowledge of the controlling environmental variables, and the correlations among these variables over a study area, is essential for the successful application of multivariate techniques for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
Determination of oxidation rates of air‐blown asphalts by infra‐red spectroscopy

Oxidation rates for eight air-blown asphalts were determined by measuring the change in infrared absorption at 5.88 μ with time of exposure to the radiant energy of a carbon arc. While all the asphalts oxidised at different rates, those from the same geographical areas had similar rates; those from different areas varied considerably. The pattern of oxidation was generally the same for each of the eight asphalts, in that there was an induction period followed by a steady oxidation rate until near the failure point, beyond which time the oxidation rate accelerated until film failure as denoted by asphalt film cracking. An inverse relationship was found between the rate of oxidation and the accelerated weathering durability of each asphalt.
Activation and inhibition of stimulus features in conjunction search

Two visual search experiments were conducted to examine how activation of target-relevant features and inhibition of target-irrelevant features are involved in conjunction search. The hypothesis was that if an excitatory mechanism is involved, it should be revealed as facilitation when a target and distractors are repeated in two successive displays. If an inhibitory mechanism is involved, suppression should be obtained when distractor features from one display determine the target in the following display. The results of Experiment 1 showed that facilitation was observed consistently across two set sizes (5 and 9), whereas suppression was obtained only with larger set size (9). This pattern of results was replicated and extended in Experiment 2 with different set size. It seems that both excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms are involved in conjunction search. The excitatory mechanism seems to play a role in conjunction search regardless of search difficulty, whereas the inhibitory mechanism might play a role only when set size is larger.
Envision and Observe: Using the Studio Thinking Framework for Learning and Teaching in Digital Arts

The Studio Thinking Framework (STF) focuses on habits of mind taught through studio arts rather than disciplinary content or media-specific techniques. It is well suited to integrate studies of arts learning and teaching in a range of contexts, and it provides a framework for understanding how visual arts participation is dramatically changing with the advent of digital tools and the Internet. This study focuses on two habits of mind, observe and envision and analyzes how they are taught in high school arts classrooms using traditional media compared with a digital context of an informal educational class using 3D computer modeling and animation. The STF facilitates detecting learning patterns, sustaining pedagogical reflection, and providing structure for the design of studies of learning in and through the arts.
Operational method of data treatment

A new instrument of exploration can be used to develop unrecognized connections among points in a variety of geometric designs. Operational methods are used to derive the relationships, and a new approach to extremum location is demonstrated. The technique is suitable for interpolation problems which arise in experimental design and the treatment of data.
A minor-based characterization of matroid 3-connectivity

It is well known that a matroid is 2-connected if and only if every 2-element set is contained in a circuit, or equivalently, a U"1","2-minor. This paper proves that a matroid is 3-connected if and only if every 4-element set is contained in a minor isomorphic to a wheel of rank 3 or 4; a whirl of rank 2, 3, or 4; or the relaxation of a rank-3 whirl. Some variants of this result are also discussed.
Resisting the Third Reich: The Catholic Clergy in Hitler's Berlin

This absorbing and well-researched book presents the story of Berlin's Catholic Church during the Nazi era from the perspective of a deeply committed believer. Professor Kevin Spicer is also Father Kevin Spicer. As such, it offers critics a chance to test their arguments against a serious voice from within the Church. But it also affords more neutral observers a chance to ponder the assumptions behind debates on the churches in the Third Reich, in particular, what acts can be considered oppositional and what drove certain religious believers into resistance.
Adoptive Mothers’ Perceptions of Reactive Attachment Disorder Therapy and its Impact on Family Functioning

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore adoptive mothers’ perceptions of attachment therapy and its impact on family functioning. Sixteen mothers were interviewed 3 years after therapy. Analysis of the data revealed two sets of parental perceptions: first, attachment therapy was consistently supportive, emotionally painful, and physically safe; second, therapy preserved family structure, mothers remained committed to their children, and parenting was continuously stressful. This study highlights the need for further research on the treatment of children with attachment disorders and is not intended as a treatise on the efficacy of attachment therapy as a treatment modality.
Evaluation of Simple Algorithms for Spectral Parameter Analysis of the Electroencephalogram

Simple autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) and autoregressive (AR) algorithms were tested for use in spectral parameter analysis (SPA) of the background electroencephalogram (EEG). In studies on simulated EEG, both algorithms successfully extracted estimates of the spectral component parameters, and their performance was relatively independent of assumed model order. The ARMA algorithm was unbiased. The AR algorithm, though biased, was simpler and more precise and, thus, may be the most suitable for on-line use. The test results on simulated data were supported by the successful application of the algorithms to human EEG recorded during surgery.
A mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in a child

A 6-year-old boy with a previous history of intracardiac correction of a partial atrioventricular canal defect presented with infective endocarditis. Despite antibiotic therapy and reoperation, he developed a mycotic abdominal aneurysm. In situ aortoiliac reconstruction with a prosthesis and an omental flap was performed. At follow-up after 2 $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ years there were no signs of prosthetic infection or problems with the anastomoses.
Selected cancers with increasing mortality rates by educational attainment in 26 states in the United States, 1993–2007

Background Mortality rates continue to increase for liver, esophagus, and pancreatic cancers in non-Hispanic whites and for liver cancer in non-Hispanic blacks. However, the extent to which trends vary by socioeconomic status (SES) is unknown.
The coalescence of two merged interaction regions between 6.2 and 9.5 AU: September 1979 event

A simulation study, based on an unsteady, one-dimensional, one-fluid MHD model, and using the plasma and magnetic field data from the Voyager 1 at 6.2 AU, was conducted on the evolution and interaction of solar wind structures to explain the two interaction regions observed by Voyager 1 within a large-scale interplanetary compound stream that was recorded at a heliocentric distance of 6.2 AU. A strong forward shock F(D) with a speed of 960 km/s was present at the front of the second interaction region, and two reverse shocks, R1 and R2, were at the end of the first interaction region. The model shows that the forward shock passed through the two reverse shocks and into the first interaction region, becoming weaker in each of these interactions. The reverse shocks coalesced to form a stronger reverse shock R; thus, the shock signature changed from R1-R2-F(D) to F(D)-R between 6.2 and 9.5 AU. The major stream structures at 9.5 AU predicted by the simulation model agree well with those directly observed from Pioneer 11.
Temperature dependences of surface recombination DC current–voltage characteristics in MOS structures

Abstract Temperature dependences of recombination current at interface traps in MOS transistor structure are investigated using the Shockley–Read–Hall Recombination DC current–voltage (R-DCIV) characteristics. Results include the effects of energy distribution of the interface traps (discrete, constant and U-shaped energy distributions) on the temperature dependence of the base terminal current-vs-gate-voltage lineshape ( I B – V GB ), the peak current and voltage ( I B-peak , V GB-peak ) and their thermal activation energy E A , and the reciprocal slope n of the I B-peak vs base/drain (or base/source) p/n junction forward voltage V BD . Surface impurity concentration and oxide thickness are varied. Temperature dependence of E A , V GB-peak and n is small while I B-peak and R-DCIV linewidth, large. This small temperature dependence simplifies the experimental implementation and data analysis of R-DCIV methodology applied at room temperatures without using expensive temperature controlled wafer-probe station.
Optical and structural properties of epitaxial GaN films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Epitaxial GaN films have been grown on c-cut sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a KrF laser. The properties of GaN films were improved by increasing the growth temperature to 800°C and the nitrogen pressure during growth to 10 mTorr. Room-temperature photoluminescence exhibits a strong band-edge emission at 3.4 eV. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the predominant defects in PLD-GaN observed are stacking faults parallel to the interface and screw dislocations along c-axis, the latter differing from the previously published results where most of the threading dislocation in GaN grown by other techniques are of edge type with Burgers vector of 1/3〈1 1 2 0〉 .
Image scanning ellipsometry for measuring nonuniform film thickness profiles.

A novel technique to measure the two-dimensional (2-D) thickness profile of a nonuniform, thin film, from several nanometers to several micrometers, in a steady state as well as in a transient state has been developed and tested. Image scanning ellipsometry (ISE) is a full-field imaging technique that one can use to study every point on the surface simultaneously with high spatial resolution and thickness sensitivity, i.e., it can measure and map the 2-D film thickness profile. The primary purpose of this paper is to present the basic concept of ISE and a demonstration of its use.
Desirability of Conditions in Rock Climbing Site Selection

This study examined the desirable conditions and importance placed on these conditions by climbers when choosing sites that match their climbing styles. A literature review identified the different explanatory variables related to a climber's desired style of climbing (bouldering, top rope, hybrid) when deciding to choose a particular site. Three separate data sets were analyzed to determine the similarities and dissimilarities of the explanatory variables for each climbing style. The relative weights were estimated using a mathematical model. Findings revealed that the quality, variety, and difficulty of climbs, and the quality of the natural surroundings, are the site conditions all climbing styles consider most when deciding to visit a climbing site. By identifying those conditions of importance to climbers, resource managers may be more efficient in administering climbing policies and planning appropriate site modifications especially with the assistance of climbers. Implications for both managers and practitioners are presented and discussed.
Differential expression and signaling activation of insulin receptor isoforms A and B: A link between breast cancer and diabetes.

We showed that when IGF-II is highly expressed in breast tissues and cell lines the IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway is highly activated. Since IGF-II activates the insulin receptor (INSR), we propose that the INSR signaling is also activated in this system. We examined the expression of both INSR isoforms, INSR-A, INSR-B, and the downstream signaling pathways in breast cancer cells and in paired (normal/tumor) breast tissues from 100 patients. Analysis was performed by Real Time-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and Phospho-ELISA techniques. Tumor tissues and cell lines from African American patients (AA) expressed higher levels of INSR-A, but lower levels of INSR-B. In accordance, IRS-1 and FAK activation were significantly increased in these women. We conclude that higher INSR-A and lower INSR-B contributes to higher proliferation and lower metabolic response. Thus, differential expression of INSR isoforms represents a potential biological link between breast cancer and diabetes.
Cross training efficiency and flexibility with process change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tradeoffs between efficiency and flexibility in production processes involve a cross-trained workforce. The study quantifies production losses that stem from worker learning and forgetting in a cross-training environment. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines multiple levels of cross-training in the context of several workplace factors including absenteeism, turnover, process change frequency, and process change magnitude using discrete event simulation. The parameters of the simulation model are informed by data from a operating manufacturing system. Findings – Results suggest that productivity gains obtained from a moderate level of cross-training (e.g. two tasks) can outweigh the production losses from additional training, and that adding further cross-training beyond this may negatively affect system performance. Originality/value – Production systems exist in an environment of process change and competitive pressure. Cross-training ...
A comparison of machine-learning classifiers for selecting money managers

Machine-learning algorithms have performed well on noisy datasets that are typical of financial data. This paper compares the performance of three types of machine-learning classifier for selecting money managers. Naive Bayes, neural network and decision tree learners were applied to a dataset of US equity managers. Although other studies have suggested that the performance of classifiers appears to be highly dependent on the nature of the problem and the dataset, the learning algorithms each had similar predictive accuracy and all outperformed by a substantial margin simple manager selection rules that are typical of the ways in which money managers and mutual funds are selected by investors. The results indicate that machine learners can be used as a decision-support aid to improve the selection of money managers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing protein movement on DNA at the single-molecule level using DNA curtains

A fundamental feature of many nucleic-acid binding proteins is their ability to move along DNA either by diffusion-based mechanisms or by ATP-hydrolysis driven translocation. For example, most site-specific DNA-binding proteins must diffuse to some extent along DNA to either find their target sites, or to otherwise fulfill their biological roles. Similarly, nucleic-acid translocases such as helicases and polymerases must move along DNA to fulfill their functions. In both instances, the proteins must also be capable of moving in crowded environments while navigating through DNA-bound obstacles. These types of behaviors can be challenging to analyze by bulk biochemical methods because of the transient nature of the interactions, and/or heterogeneity of the reaction intermediates. The advent of single-molecule methodologies has overcome some of these problems, and has led to many new insights into the mechanisms that contribute to protein motion along DNA. We have developed DNA curtains as a tool to facilitate single molecule observations of protein-nucleic acid interactions, and we have applied these new research tools to systems involving both diffusive-based motion as well as ATP directed translocation. Here we highlight these studies by first discussing how diffusion contributes to target searches by proteins involved in post-replicative mismatch repair. We then discuss DNA curtain assays of two different DNA translocases, RecBCD and FtsK, which participate in homologous DNA recombination and site-specific DNA recombination, respectively.
Laser Densification of Sol-Gel Coatings

Alkoxide-derived silica coatings were deposited on fused silica by dip coating. The samples were covered with a metal film to absorb the infrared radiation from an Nd:YAG laser. Coupling the laser power to the coating produced localized surface heating on the samples. By scanning the sample across the beam's path, channels in the coating were formed. The channels varied from 150 μm to 600 μm wide and from 200A to 1000A deep depending on the laser power and the translation speed. The size and shape of the channels also depended on the composition of the sol-gel coating. Optical microscopy showed that there were no cracks in either the substrate or in the coating on the micron scale. SEM revealed cracks on the nanometer scale in the laser fired coatings and no cracks in the unfired coatings. Ellipsometry showed that the index of refraction increased with increasing depth of the channels.
Using Interactive Whiteboards in Teaching Retail Mathematics

Undergraduate marketing students have sometimes been found to lack mathematical skills. It can therefore be challenging for instructors to effectively teach courses that depend on mathematical problem-solving skills. This paper discusses the use of interactive whiteboards as an innovative way to teach retail mathematics effectively. The authors present research based on learning outcomes in a merchandise planning and control course over the span of six years (19 sections with more than 300 students). Findings suggest that the use of interactive whiteboards can significantly improve student engagement and knowledge retention, resulting in better test scores and course grades.
1402 THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANTENATAL STEROIDS AND PROLONGED RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (PROM) TO DEVELOPMENT OF HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE (HMD)

There are conflicting data about the effect of PROM on the development of HMD. We performed a retrospective analysis of 95 neonates with PROM. 41% received antenatal glucocorticoids and 59% were managed expectantly. Labor was induced for signs of chorioamnionitis. The charts were analyzed for presence of HMD, birth weight (BW), Apgar score, length of PROM, sex, gestational age (GA) and route of delivery. The data were analyzed by step wise multiple regression and chi square with all factors weighed against HMD for each group (I: PROM with steroid; II: PROM alone). BW was the only factor correlating with HMD. BW and GA were the only correlating variables. There was no difference in the incidence of HMD in the presence or absence of steroids in this PROM population.
Ischemic heart disease in women: facts and wishful thinking

I want to share some information on the problem of ischemic heart disease in women. Because of a focus on men, this topic has received inadequate attention, and the general assumption has been that what is true for men is also true for women. In this overview, I will try to separate the facts from
Optimal Power Control for Multi-Hop Software Defined Radio Networks

Software defined radio (SDR) is a revolution in radio technology that promises unprecedented flexibility in radio communications and is viewed as an enabling technology for dynamic spectrum access. This paper investigates how to support user communication sessions by jointly considering power control, scheduling, and flow routing for an SDR-based multi-hop wireless network. We develop a formal mathematical model for scheduling feasibility under the influence of power control. This model extends existing protocol interference model for wireless networks and can be used for a broad class of problems where power control (and thus transmission range and interference range) is part of the optimization space. We formulate a cross-layer optimization problem encompassing power control, scheduling, and flow routing. Subsequently, we develop an efficient solution procedure based on branch-and-bound technique and convex hull relaxation. Using simulation results, we demonstrate the efficacy of the solution procedure and offer insights on the impact of power control on scheduling feasibility, bandwidth efficiency, and bandwidth-footprint product (BFP).
The new booster synchronization loop

The AGS Booster must be synchronized to the AGS RF system before bunch-to-bucket transfer of the beam. The Booster delivers four batches at 7.5 Hz and extraction occurs at full acceleration rate, leaving only 5 ms available for synchronization. An improvement has been made to the synchronization feedback loop. A new loop compensator has been designed using a state variable representation. The three state variables are, beam phase and frequency, and the reference input to the beam control phase loop. The design uses linear quadratic optimum control to achieve greater stability and smaller errors. Lock acquisition, without a transient, is accomplished by a circuit that derives the loop reference from the instantaneous state variable feedback value at loop closing. The reference is brought adiabatically to zero at transfer.