cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Importance Of Primary Producers For Benthic Nitrogen And Phosphorus Cycling

In shallow coastal systems where most of the seafloor lies within the photic zone, benthic photoautotrophy plays a key role in regulating nutrient cycling. In these systems, production of submerged vascular plants (seagrasses), macroalgae and benthic microalgae is high and typically exceeds that of phytoplankton (Borum and Sand Jensen 1996). Changes in the patterns of primary production as well as in habitat structure and trophic dynamics (Valiela et al. 1992; Nixon et al. 1996) have been directly related to nutrient over-enrichment; this is also recognized as one of the greatest threats to maintaining marine biodiversity in coastal regions (NRC 2000). The widely-accepted scenario following nutrient enrichment is a shift in the dominance of primary producers, from seagrasses and perennial macroalgae to fastgrowing green macroalgae and phytoplankton (Sand-Jensen and Borum 199 1 ; Duarte 1995; Valiela et al. 1997; see Chapter 3). Interestingly, only one of these models (Sand-Jensen and Borum 199 1) has included explicitly the potential importance of benthic microalgae. Ultimately, one might expect a shift to phytoplankton dominance in the most heavily eutrophied shallow estuaries (Duarte 1995; Valiela et al. 1997), even though total production might not change (Borum and Sand-Jensen 1996). Given this transition, the question then becomes, how might such a shift in primary producer dominance influence nutrient cycling in shallow coastal waters? The influence of primary producers on nutrient transformations has important consequences for the role of shallow estuaries as a buffer zone between land and sea (Fig. 1). Uptake and temporary retention of nutrients in plant biomass, burial of recalcitrant organic matter, and the direct effects of autotrophic metaboiism on bacteriallyand chemically-mediated processes all influence nutrient cycling rates and pathways. Variations in the rates and dominance of these processes as primary producer communities change, will ultimately determine the fate and retention of watershed nutrients on their trajectory to the open ocean.
Intertemporal Bundling Under Demand Uncertainty

We develop a two-period model of bundling strategy when a monopolistic firm faces uncertain demand in the second period. We examine the effect of intertemporal bundling on market outcomes in three cases: when the monopolist offers bundling without an option to purchase an individual future product in advance in period 1 (pure bundling), with the option to purchase an individual future product in advance at an uncommited price (mixed bundling without commitment to future price), and with the option to purchase an individual future product in advance at a commited price (mixed bundling with commitment to future price). We find that only pure bundling is profitable even if the capacity constraint is not an issue. In this case, bundling induces substantial increase in overall prices, and thus, is anti-competitive. Mixed bundling is never profitable while it may be welfare-neutral. In the presence of capacity constraint, bundling is unlikely to be profitable.
Silicon-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation

Optical frequency combs in the mid-infrared are required for molecular gas detection applications but their realization in compact microresonator-based platforms is challenging. Here, Griffith et al. demonstrate on-chip broadband comb generation on a silicon microresonator spanning from 2.1 to 3.5 μm.
Review of Arlin M. Adams and Charles J. Emmerich: The Integration of Religious Liberty

This review essay analyzes the bold and integrative model of First Amendment religious liberty offered by Arlin Adams and Charles Emmerich. These authors seek the original understanding of the First Amendment in the overlapping consensus for religious liberty offered by Evangelicals, Lockean liberals, and Republican centrists in eighteenth-century America. All three camps advocated a new constitutional law that protected freedom of religion by maximizing the free exercise of individuals and their voluntary churches, and preventing the state from establishing any one church or religion. This original understanding of the First Amendment is best captured today by a theory of benevolent neutrality that values and protects all peaceable religions, and that accommodates so far as possible the special needs of religious parties. While warmly condoning the general thesis of the book, the review essay calls for a more nuanced differentiation of the founders’ views – in particular the need to take better account of the Puritan contributions of religious liberty in the founding era. The essay also calls for a more nuanced multi-principled reading of the First Amendment religious liberty.
A Review of “Race and Crime”

With official data showing that young Black males are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, the issue of race, crime, and criminal justice is perhaps one of the most important issues in t...
Highlights of the 8th International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases: the Scottish Encounter To Defeat Diarrheal Diseases

ABSTRACT Infectious diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and of mortality; the burden of disease affects individuals of all ages but particularly young children, especially those living in poor regions where the disease is endemic. It is also a health concern for international travelers to these areas. Experts on vaccines and enteric infections and advocates for global health improvement gathered in Scotland from 8 to 10 July 2015 to discuss recent advances in the assessment and understanding of the burden of enteric diseases and progress in the development and implementation of strategies to prevent these infections. Highlights of the meeting included description of advances in molecular assays to estimate pathogen-specific prevalence, methods to model epidemiologic trends, novel approaches to generate broad-spectrum vaccines, new initiatives to evaluate vaccine performance where they are most needed, renewed interest in human challenge models, immunological readouts as predictors of vaccine efficacy, maternal immunization to prevent enteric infections, and the impact of maternal immunity on the vaccine take of infants. A follow-up scientific gathering to advance Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine efforts will be held from 28 to 30 June 2016 in Washington, DC.
Active Cooling of a Microvascular Shape Memory Alloy‐Polymer Matrix Composite Hybrid Material

Microvascular shape memory alloy (SMA)-polymer matrix composite (PMC) hybrid materials are fabricated using the Vaporization of Sacrificial Components (VaSC) technique. Two types of sacrificial materials are used: Mg wires in the SMA (nickel titanium) and poly(lactic acid)/tin(II) oxalate fibers in the PMC (glass fiber/epoxy). These sacrificial materials survive the initial solidification of the host materials, then are vaporized during a final thermal treatment to reveal the vascular network. The effect of VaSC on composition and transformation temperatures of the SMA are examined. Active cooling through the vascular network maintains temperature in the PMC below the glass transition temperature (152 °C) at heat fluxes as high as 300 kW m−2, while this temperature is exceeded without cooling at just 10 kW m−2.
SAT0411 Gender Differences in Disease Activity in A Psoriatic Arthritis Routine Care Cohort

Background Randomized clinical trials (RCT) provide information about efficacy of various agents typically in a controlled, detailed setting. Routine care cohorts, conversely, can add data about patient clinical phenotypes, treatment choices and responses in the 9real world9 to better inform the practicing rheumatologists. Studying the true impact of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and the role of newly available treatment options for patients seen in routine clinical environment may help physicians care for these patients more effectively. Objectives To study patient characteristics, disease activity, treatment choices and responses in a routine care psoriatic arthritis cohort in a university setting. Methods New York University Psoriatic Arthritis Cohort (PAC) was established in 2005 as part of the Arthritis Registry Monitoring Database (ARMD) and has been following patients with PsA prospectively, with data collected as part of routine care. At each visit, clinical data is collected through MDHAQ (for function, pain, patient global assessment, fatigue, patient self report joint counts, physician global assessment), and 28 tender and swollen joint counts. In addition, medication history, demographic data and selected laboratory tests are also collected. We analyzed patient characteristics and medication use along with disease activity in our cohort. Results 497 patients were seen to date (48.5% female, mean age 49.6 yr, disease duration 11.9yr, years of education 16.4, White 64%, Black 1.6%, Hispanic 6.8%, Other 27.6%). No differences were noted between males and females. However, female patients with PsA had significantly worse function (2.0 vs 1.6, p=0.005), pain (4.9 vs 4.2, p=0.006), pt global (4.6 vs 3.7, p=0.001), RAPID 3 scores (11.6 vs 9.4, p=0.001), fatigue (4.6 vs 3.2, p Conclusions In this routine care cohort of almost 500 PsA patients, females had worse disease activity compared to males, despite receiving the same type of medication, both in monotherapy and in combination. The reasons for this seemingly undertreament among females needs further study. Disclosure of Interest S. Reddy *: None declared, J. Scher * Consultant for: Pfizer, Janssen, C. Swearingen: None declared, Y. Yazici Consultant for: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Genentech, Samumed, Pfizer, UCB DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4964
Epidemiology of Hospital System Patient Falls: A Retrospective Analysis

Patient falls are the most common type of in-hospital accidents. The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to describe the locations and characteristics of hospital-related falls. Data on patient characteristics, including locations and fall circumstances, were collected through incident reports and medical records. A total of 1822 falls were documented at a 921-bed, urban academic hospital center over a one-year period; 1767 (97.0%) of the falls occurred in the hospital setting, 55 (3.0%) in ambulatory care. The majority of falls (80.8%) occurred within inpatient units; the remainder within the greater hospital campus. In all, 73.4% of fallers had fall prevention protocols implemented prior to the fall. The youngest age group (≤49 years) had the highest percentage of fallers. This study provides novel insights into variables found to be associated with falling, including location of falls within the hospital campus, efficacy of fall prevention protocols, and age groups.
Automated Aerodynamic Optimization for Lifting Hypersonic Vehicles at High Altitude

Automated design optimization procedures are coupled to three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations for deformation of waverider-derived hypersonic vehicle shapes, in order to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) under high altitude reentry conditions. For a lifting reentry vehicle, increased L/D under such conditions should permit a reduction in aerothermal heating, body forces and ionization effects, as well as an increase in range and other potential benefits related to mission cost and safety. In the optimization procedure employed in this paper, a new parallel Cartesian adaptive grid implementation of the DSMC method is integrated with surface deformation and threshold accepting algorithms for probabilistic multivariable optimization. Several waverider geometries, created through an inverse design technique, were used as starting points for optimization calculations, and multiple optimization runs were carried out for each starting shape. Including all iterations for each run, optimization calculations performed as part of this work involve 2880 independent three-dimensional DSMC simulations. A maximum increase in L/D of approximately 65% is demonstrated at Mach 14 and 90 km altitude, for a 5 m long vehicle with a global Knudsen number of 0.0033. Additional simulations were performed for this optimized geometry at design conditions, in order to assess the extent of continuum breakdown, flowfield characteristics, surface heat flux and temperatures, and the effect of leading edge bluntness on both heat flux and L/D values. To the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first integration of DSMC within an automated design optimization scheme, and demonstrates the potential efficacy of DSMC based aerodynamic optimization in reentry vehicle design.
Bloodsucking Flies (Exclusive of Culicidae) in Relation to Human Welfare

Bloodsucking flies are an important factor affecting both the physical and economic welfare of man. During the last sixty years the intimate relation between these insects and human disease has been clearly demonstrated. Although the transmission of disease is their most important role, bloodsucking flies are guilty of various depredations which bring annoyance and loss to man. Considerable areas in some countries are made uninhabitable and nearly worthless by the perennial presence of mosquitoes, sand-flies, or black flies. The annual loss suffered by the meat and dairy industries, though difficult to estimate accurately, must be great.
Systematics of jet tomography at RHIC: √s=62.4 vs. 200 AGeV

The collision energy dependence of jet tomography is investigated within the GLV formalism. We estimate systematic uncertainties resulting from the interplay of energy loss fluctuations and the rapid increase of the parton transverse momentum slopes as √s decreases from 200 to 62.4 AGeV.
The nature of genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: constraining the possibilities

Epidemiological observations regarding certain population-wide parameters (e.g., disease-prevalence, recurrence-risk in relatives, gender predilections, and the distribution of common genetic-variants) place important constraints on the possibilities for the genetic-basis underlying susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). Using very broad range-estimates for the different population-wide epidemiological parameters, a mathematical model can help elucidate the nature and the magnitude of these constraints. For MS no more than 8.5 % of the population can possibly be in the “genetically-susceptible” subset (defined as having a life-time MS-probability at least as high as the overall population average). Indeed, the expected MS-probability for this subset is more than 12 times that for every other person of the population who is not in this subset. Moreover, provided that those genetically susceptible persons (genotypes), who carry the well-established MS susceptibility allele (DRB1*1501), are equally or more likely to get MS than those susceptible persons, who don’t carry this allele, then at least 84 % of MS-cases must come from this “genetically susceptible” subset. Finally, because men, compared to women, are at least as likely (and possibly more likely) to be susceptible, it can be demonstrated that women are more responsive to the environmental factors that are involved in MS-pathogenesis (whatever these are) and, thus, susceptible women are more likely actually to develop MS than susceptible men. Finally, in contrast to genetic susceptibility, more than 70 % of men (and likely also women) must have an environmental experience (including all of the necessary factors), which is sufficient to produce MS in a susceptible individual. As a result, because of these constraints, it is possible to distinguish two classes of persons, indicating either that MS can be caused by two fundamentally different pathophysiological mechanisms or that the large majority of the population is at no risk of the developing this disease regardless of their environmental experience. Moreover, although environmental-factors would play a critical role in both mechanisms (if both exist), there is no reason to expect that these factors are the same (or even similar) between the two.
The role of splinting and rehabilitation in the treatment of carpal and cubital tunnel syndromes

SUMMARY Successful treatment of patients suffering from carpal or cubital tunnel syndrome requires a skilled collaborative effort by the physician, therapist, and patient. Unfortunately, many factors influence an individual’s recovery and outcome. As medical professionals, we must educate the patient, examine the physical and environmental factors involved in each case, and design unique treatment plans in each instance.
An Application: Vision-Guided Navigation Using IGA

In general, the purpose of a depth recovery algorithm is to determine the locations of objects in the field of view. However, for some tasks, such as navigation, it is equally important to determine where objects aren’t located (i.e. navigable or free space). This information is inherently included in the depth estimates provided by the depth recovery algorithm: if an object at image location (i, j) is identified as lying a distance d) from the observer, it is implicit that there are no objects at image location (i, j) which lie less than distance d) to the observer.
The Sectoral Adjustment Implications of Current US Trends in Trade Competitiveness

The general nature of the competitive position of the United States in world trade is well known. Analyses of world market shares of manufacturing exports have been made on a regular basis for the past 35 years, and reports over the past few years by the GATT, OECD and various individual scholars have clearly chronicled the deterioration in the competitive position of the USA. However, most studies have dealt with manufacturing as a whole or else divided manufactures into only a few broad product groups. Few have analysed the manufacturing sector in terms of detailed SIC or input-output sectors, or tried to relate detailed competitive shifts to changes in the employment of different types of labour. The result has been that while policy officials are well aware of the competitive problems of such industries as footwear, clothing, steel, colour TV and automobiles as well as the competitive gains by such sectors as computers and aircraft, they do not have a good picture of competitive trends in the many other industries making up the US manufacturing sector.
Expandable Cryogenic Pipe

This paper describes a proposed technique for rapidly and economically erecting a cryogenic pipeline of any size and length in almost any environment, terrestrial or extraterrestrial The concept consists of a rigid, foam-insulated pipe which, before its initial use, can be packaged in a very small volume. Specifically, the pipe will consist of five separate layers. The innermost layer will be a thin membrane, probably mylar, of 1 to 5 mils thickness. To provide additional burst strength the mylar tube will be surrounded by a fabric such as fiberglass or dacron rigidized with polyester or polyurethane resin. Several inches of low-density polyurethane foam will provide the insulation, The exterior surface of the foam will be protected by a fiberglass shell, which will also provide the majority of the structural strength of the composite pipe. A thin, aluminized mylar membrane will surround the outside of the pipe to help prevent the degradation of the foam caused by the absorption of water vapor and atmospheric gases. Figure 1 is a photograph of a handmade specimen and Fig. 2 is a cutaway drawing of the expandable cryogenic pipe.
Linking otolith microchemistry and dendritic isoscapes to map heterogeneous production of fish across river basins

Production patterns of highly mobile species, such as anadromous fish, often exhibit high spatial and temporal heterogeneity across landscapes. Such variability is often asynchronous in time among habitats, which stabilizes production at aggregate scales of complexity. Reconstructing production patterns explicitly in space and time across multiple scales, however, remains difficult but is important for prioritizing habitat conservation. This is especially true for fishes inhabiting river basins due to long-range dispersal, high mortality at early life stages, complex population structure and elusive life history variation. We develop a new approach for mapping production patterns of Pacific salmon across a large river basin by integrating otolith microchemistry and dendritic isoscape models. The geographically continuous Bayesian assignment framework presented here yielded high accuracies (>90%) and relatively high precisions (precisions <4%; i.e., assignment areas of <530 river km of the 13100 km total river length) when used to determine the natal source of known-origin juvenile Chinook salmon captured throughout the study region. Integrating these methods enabled us to base estimates of provenance and habitat use of individuals on a per location basis using strontium isotopic data throughout the continuous spatial domain of a river network. Such a framework provides substantial advantages over the more common nominal approach to employing otolith microchemistry to reconstruct movement patterns of fish. In doing so, we reconstructed the spatial production patterns of adult Chinook salmon returning to a large watershed in Bristol Bay, Alaska and illustrate the power of such an approach to conservation efforts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Stromal Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts Promote Drug Resistance of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Modulation of ROS via CXCR4/CXCL12 Signaling

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a 5-year overall survival of less than 5%. Tumor drug resistance to conventional chemotherapy, such as Gemcitabine, is often a significant contributor to poor overall survival. One of the common mechanisms of Gemcitabine resistance is activation of cell signaling via increased phosphorylation of mitogen-Activated kinase (MAP) kinases, leading to increased tumor survival and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. A growing body of evidence suggests that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction axis in the tumor microenvironment is an important mediator of tumor migration, growth, and drug resistance. We hypothesized that stromal cells such as carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), an important cellular component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a contributory role in the growth, invasiveness, and drug response of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs)
Perspectives on Brand Equity

This note reviews various approaches to designing, building, and monitoring the value of brand equity.
Chemical potential, Gibbs–Duhem equation and quantum gases

Thermodynamic relations like the Gibbs–Duhem are valid from the lowest to the highest temperatures. But they cannot by themselves provide any specific temperature behavior of thermodynamic functions like the chemical potential. In this work, we show that if some general conditions are attached to the Gibbs–Duhem equation, it is possible to obtain the low temperature form of the chemical potential for the ideal Fermi and Bose gases very directly.
Current applications of molecular pathology in colorectal carcinoma

Molecular pathology is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment and overall management of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Three distinct genetic pathways have been identified that play a role in carcinogenesis: the chromosomal instability pathway, the microsatellite instability pathway, and the CpG island methylator phenotype pathway. Certain genetic mutations, some of which overlap with the aforementioned pathways, can also indicate that a carcinoma patient has a genetic predisposition syndrome, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome, and hamartomatous polyposis syndromes. A variety of advanced methods, including next-generation sequencing, are available to test for these and other mutations, such as targetable mutations that may allow tailoring of a treatment regimen to a patient’s specific cancer (e.g., KRAS and BRAF mutations). The possible future role of testing circulating tumor cells is also addressed. New mutations and syndromes continue to be discovered, ensuring that our knowledge of colorectal carcinoma and our ability to treat it will advance in the future.
Virtual medicine: Utilization of the advanced cardiac imaging patient avatar for procedural planning and facilitation.

Abstract Advances in imaging technology have led to a paradigm shift from planning of cardiovascular procedures and surgeries requiring the actual patient in a “brick and mortar” hospital to utilization of the digitalized patient in the virtual hospital. Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) digitalized 3-D patient representation of individual patient anatomy and physiology serves as an avatar allowing for virtual delineation of the most optimal approaches to cardiovascular procedures and surgeries prior to actual hospitalization. Pre-hospitalization reconstruction and analysis of anatomy and pathophysiology previously only accessible during the actual procedure could potentially limit the intrinsic risks related to time in the operating room, cardiac procedural laboratory and overall hospital environment. Although applications are specific to areas of cardiovascular specialty focus, there are unifying themes related to the utilization of technologies. The virtual patient avatar computer can also be used for procedural planning, computational modeling of anatomy, simulation of predicted therapeutic result, printing of 3-D models, and augmentation of real time procedural performance. Examples of the above techniques are at various stages of development for application to the spectrum of cardiovascular disease processes, including percutaneous, surgical and hybrid minimally invasive interventions. A multidisciplinary approach within medicine and engineering is necessary for creation of robust algorithms for maximal utilization of the virtual patient avatar in the digital medical center. Utilization of the virtual advanced cardiac imaging patient avatar will play an important role in the virtual health care system. Although there has been a rapid proliferation of early data, advanced imaging applications require further assessment and validation of accuracy, reproducibility, standardization, safety, efficacy, quality, cost effectiveness, and overall value to medical care.
Preliminary Systems Theory

In this chapter, we introduce preliminary systems theory. This includes controllability and observability of a system, stability of equilibrium points of a system, feedback control of a system, and parametric sensitivity of a system. These theories will be used to analyze biological cellular control systems.
Concentric Needle EMG

Movement disorders are typically diagnosed by the neurological examination. In addition, some movement disorders may be further assessed by using a standard needle electromyogram (EMG) electrode (either a monopolar or concentric intramuscular needle EMG). And, depending on the movement disorder being assessed, surface recording EMGs (analogous to the surface recording EKG electrode) may be the preferred recording electrode of choice. Overall, the utility of EMGs in evaluating certain movement disorders lies in their ability to enhance the clinical accuracy of the neurological examination beyond the naked eye.
MRI-based Parcellation and Morphometry of the Individual Rhesus Monkey Brain: a translational system referencing a standardized ontology

Abstract The rhesus macaque is the closest animal model to the human, and investigations into the brain of the rhesus monkey has shed light on the function and organization of the primate brain at a scale and resolution not yet possible in studies of the human brain A cornerstone of the linkage between non-human primate and human studies of the brain is magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for an association to be made between the detailed structural and physiological analysis of the non-human primate and that of the human brain. To further this end, we present a novel parcellation system for the rhesus monkey brain, referred to as the monkey Harvard Oxford Atlas (mHOA) which is based on the human Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) and grounded in an ontological and taxonomic framework. Consistent anatomical features were used to delimit and parcellate brain regions in the macaque, which were then categorized according to functional systems. This system of parcellation will be expanded with advances in technology and like the HOA, will provide a framework upon which the results from other experimental studies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), physiology, connection, graph theory) can be interpreted.
Flexibility in Formal Workplace Learning: Technology Applications for Engagement through the Lens of Universal Design for Learning.

How can technology be used to engage learners for workplace training? This is a question that designers and facilitators of organizational training experiences face in an era when adult learners are increasingly connected to technology devices and mediated experiences to learn. Technology in workplace training affords flexibility and can be used to provide multiple means of engaging learners, a centerpiece of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework. UDL has traditionally been used to guide K-12 instructional design, but it is proposed in this article as a relevant lens to aid in engaging learners of supportive technologies in workplace training. Technology trends that impact engagement and learning in the workplace are explored, and technology-supported examples inspired by the UDL engagement principle are provided.
David Oliver: Let's value and encourage problem raisers.

Ara Darzi, surgeon and former health minister, has stated that “we can only be sure to improve what we can actually measure.”1 I would add that we can tackle problems in healthcare delivery only if we openly name them. We can implement solutions only if we describe and understand problems fully. Bad news shouldn’t be suppressed. Reporting it may lead to good news, as services improve and staff feel supported and involved. Sceptics asking awkward “what if?” questions are an asset if we don’t reflexively dismiss them as laggards and unbelievers. I’ve been dismayed recently by comments I’ve heard at conferences or read in articles from clinical …
Prejudice towards Immigrants: Competences Elicit Stonger and more Favorable Sentiments

Se examinaron la discriminacion y el prejuicio hacia los inmigrantes, especificamente hacia inmigrantes mexicanos, en funcion de su competencia percibida y afecto, y la agradabilidad, actitudes y nivel de aculturacion del perceptor. Se encontro que la competencia del inmigrante evoca sentimientos y respuestas mas fuertes que el afecto. Aun mas, actitudes pre-existentes predicen fuertemente los prejuicios hacia inmigrantes. De las variables de los Cinco Grandes, solo la agradabilidad predijo sentimientos y conductas positivos hacia los inmigrantes. Finalmente, la aculturacion en los latinos correlaciono de manera negativa con sentimientos positivos y conductas hacia los inmigrantes. Los latinos mas aculturados son menos abiertos con los inmigrantes. Los resultados son parcialmente explicados por el Modelo de Contenido Estereotipico.
Comparative Perspectives on Temperament and Personality in Human and Nonhuman Animals

The number of animal temperament and/or personality studies has undergone a marked increase in recent years. Once studied predominantly by psychologists, animal personality is now examined by researchers in a wide range of fields, including neuroscience, agricultural science, and behavioral management. Further, individual differences in personality have been found in species ranging from insects to fish to birds to nonhuman and human primates. The breadth of these studies underscores the importance of this trait. Studies of animal personality can provide insight into the relation between human personality and health outcomes. Such studies can also be used to help us better care for animals in captivity. In this chapter, I review studies of personality and temperament across the animal kingdom. I compare some of the tests commonly used to assess personality across various animal groups. Finally, I discuss some of the current research in animal personality, with a focus on translational and applied research.
The rise of West Lake: a cultural landmark in the song dynasty: by Xiaolin Duan, University of Washington Press, 2020

Reading this book reminded me of my own visit to West Lake in 2011. If the Song dynasty moving its capital from Kaifeng to Hangzhou inaugurated the early surge in popularity of this location, readi...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: Unique abnormalities and targeted treatments

Several lines of evidence implicate mitochondria in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we outline some of the evidence supporting this notion, as well as discuss novel abnormalities in mitochondrial function that appear to be related to ASD, and treatments that both target mitochondria and have evidence of usefulness in the treatment of ASD in clinical trials. A suspicion of the mitochondrion's involvement in ASD can be traced back to 1985 when lactic acidosis was noted in a subset of children with ASD. A large population-based study in 2007 confirmed this notion and found that a subset of children with ASD (∼4%) could be diagnosed with a definite mitochondrial disease. Further studies suggested that children with ASD and mitochondrial disease may have certain characteristics such as fatigability, gastrointestinal disorders, unusual types of neurodevelopmental regression, seizures/epilepsy, and motor delay. Further research examining biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction and electron transport chain activity suggest that abnormalities of mitochondrial function could affect a much higher number of children with ASD, perhaps up to 80%. Recent research has identified a type of dysfunction of mitochondria in which the activity of the electron transport chain is significantly increased. This novel type of mitochondrial dysfunction may be associated with environmental exposures and neurodevelopmental regression. Several treatments that target mitochondria appear to have evidence for use in children with ASD, including cofactors such as L-Carnitine and the ketogenic diet. Although the understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in ASD is evolving, the mitochondrion is clearly a novel molecular target which can be helpful in understanding the etiology of ASD and treatments that may improve function of children with ASD.
I Am Enough: A Decolonial Journey of Conocimiento

Research on Latinx students studying abroad is minimal. As such, our primary research question for this study was: What are the identity-oriented experiences of Latinx students of color on a short-...
Simultaneous DSC-reflected Light Intensity of Polymer Systems. Part II

It has been shown that simultaneous measurements of reflected light intensity (RLI) with DSC can give additional and valuable information for the thermal analysis of materials including pure organic and inorganic chemicals, natural and synthetic polymers and foods. This paper extends the range of polymers studied and examines the possibility of improving the reproducibility and quantitative nature of RLI measurements. Polymer crystallisation, the curing of epoxy resins, the action of fire retardant additives and the degradation of polymers and proteins are among the systems studied.
Tuning MOF-Derived Co3O4/NiCo2O4 Nanostructures for High-Performance Energy Storage

Highly porous Co3O4/NiCo2O4 nanostructures were synthesized using zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanocrystals. The oxide composite structure was adjusted by modifying ZIF-67 crystallite...
High Density Culture of a Cladoceran Moina micrura (Kruz, 1874) by Using Poultry Manure

The branchipod Moina micrura was mass cultured using three different concentrations (250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm) of chicken manure in the medium for 21 days. In the first concentration (250 ppm), the maximum density (1694.44 ± 9.68) of M. micrura was obtained on the 9th day of inoculation and the number of plankton declined gradually afterwards. In the second concentration (500 ppm), the maximum density (7296.88 ± 54.35) appeared on the 11th day while in the third concentration (1000 ppm), the maximum density (1510 ± 15.27) was obtained on the 14th day of inoculation. Temperature range of 27-31 °C and pH of 6-7 was conducive for optimal growth of M. micrura.
Cyclobutanone Inhibitor of Cobalt-Functionalized Metallo-γ-Lactonase AiiA with Cyclobutanone Ring Opening in the Active Site.

An α-amido cyclobutanone possessing a C10 hydrocarbon tail was designed as a potential transition-state mimetic for the quorum-quenching metallo-γ-lactonase autoinducer inactivator A (AiiA) with the support of in-house modeling techniques and found to be a competitive inhibitor of dicobalt(II) AiiA with an inhibition constant of K i = 0.007 ± 0.002 mM. The catalytic mechanism of AiiA was further explored using our product-based transition-state modeling (PBTSM) computational approach, providing substrate-intermediate models arising during enzyme turnover and further insight into substrate-enzyme interactions governing native substrate catalysis. These interactions were targeted in the docking of cyclobutanone hydrates into the active site of AiiA. The X-ray crystal structure of dicobalt(II) AiiA cocrystallized with this cyclobutanone inhibitor unexpectedly revealed an N-(2-oxocyclobutyl)decanamide ring-opened acyclic product bound to the enzyme active site (PDB 7L5F). The C10 alkyl chain and its interaction with the hydrophobic phenylalanine clamp region of AiiA adjacent to the active site enabled atomic placement of the ligand atoms, including the C10 alkyl chain. A mechanistic hypothesis for the ring opening is proposed involving a radical-mediated process.
Reframing the purpose of museum visits: About museums, culture, and justice to explore in your classroom, by Quinn, Terese, New York, Teachers College Press, 2020, 96 pp., $24.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8077-6343-8

Visits to museums have long been a staple of K-12 education. Places like Mystic Seaport in Connecticut bring the past to life for students through a living history museum. The United States Holocau...
Modulation Diversity in a Two-Way Cooperative System with an Energy Harvesting Relay

This work focuses on two-way cooperation using a decode-and-forward (DF) relay that harvests energy from the environment. We propose to employ modulation diversity (MD) in this conventional two-way system. MD enables the system to transmit each component of a data symbol over a separate fading channel, which makes the proposed system have higher spectral efficiency and higher mutual information, causing the analysis of the proposed system to be more complex, unlike conventional systems. System performance is investigated for outage probability where a closed-form mathematical model is derived taking into account the energy constraint at the relay due to energy harvesting. We also derive an asymptotic expression for the outage probability to explore the system performance for various parameters. Moreover, we study the impact of relay location and energy harvesting on the system performance. All the derived mathematical models are verified by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Results show that incorporating MD in the conventional energy harvesting two-way system improves the system performance by 5 dB.
Clinical Experience with Personal KinetiGraph Before and After Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease (P3.045)

Objective: To determine if the Personal KinetiGraph (PKG) can measure changes in motor function and complications in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients after deep brain stimulation. Background: PKG is a wearable sensor that continuously assesses various parameters including bradykinesia (BKS), dyskinesia (DKS), and motor complications (FDS) over a minimum of five days. Design/Methods: PD patients wore the PKG before and after STN DBS. Multiple variables were examined to assess the utility of PKG in identifying changes in motor function and complications after surgery. Results: Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 66.5 years (±8.6 yrs, range 45–77 yrs) and a mean disease duration of 11 years were included. Follow-up after surgery ranged from 3 weeks to 7 months. Based on self-report, all patients improved after DBS. The mean BKS for patients before DBS was 24.5 and following surgery was 26.9, representing no significant change after DBS (higher score is worse; p >0.6). DKS improved significantly from 3.3 to 1.3, suggesting a reduction in dyskinesia (p 0.15). Percent of time with immobility (PTI) and percent of time with tremor (PTT) was available for 12/25 patients. The mean PTI decreased from 11.7% to 10.5% and PTT decreased from 16.8% to 12.3%; neither of which were significant changes. Conclusions: PKG identified a significant reduction in dyskinesia and non-significant improvements in motor fluctuations, time with immobility and percent time with tremor after DBS. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of PKG in monitoring improvement after DBS. Disclosure: Dr. Gernon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fowler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lyons has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with ACADIA, NPF, Sage. Dr. Lyons has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for International Journal of Neuroscience / Taylor & Francis. Dr. Pahwa has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Abbvie, ACADIA, Acorda, Adamas, Cynapses, Global Kinetics, Lundbeck, Neurocrine, Pfizer, Sage, Sunovion, Teva Neuroscience and US World Meds. Dr. Pahwa has received research support from Abbvie, Adamas, Avid, Biotie, Boston Scientific, Civitas, Cynapses, Kyowa, National Parkinson Foundation, NIH/NINDS, Parkinson Study Group.
A Preliminary Report on “The Human Connection: Investigating The Effect of Enhanced Patient Connection on Provider Burnout” (4156)

Objective: 1. To evaluate the effect of a novel intervention to increase patient-provider connectedness on burnout. 2. To understand perceptions of burnout by level of experience. Background: Although burnout is prevalent among neurology providers and trainees, few randomized controlled trials have investigated interventions. Finding work meaningful has been associated with lower rates of burnout. Design/Methods: Participants completed pre- and post-Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) surveys. Students on teams randomized to the intervention completed and shared a patient interview adapted from the Tell Me More initiative during rounds. Teams randomized to the control arm conducted rounds as usual. In this preliminary analysis, pre- and post-MBI subscales were compared within groups using paired t-tests. A grounded theory approach to qualitative data was applied. Results: The control cohort (n=6) demonstrated no change in the Emotional Exhaustion (EE) (p=0.32), Depersonalization (DP) (p=0.61) or Personal Accomplishment (PA) (p=0.56) subscales of the MBI. The intervention cohort (n=11) showed no significant change in the EE subscale (0.51), but demonstrated a tendency towards significant increase in the PA (p=0.07) and DP subscales (0.07). The percentage of participants experiencing at least one symptom of burnout was unchanged for the intervention and increased in the control group by 16.7%. Themes related to burnout expressed by experience level varied: poor administrative support (attendings), scant personal time (residents), unclear expectations/insufficient time with educators (students). None of the intervention participants who crossed threshold values from average to high rates of burnout were students, suggesting a protective effect of the patient interview. Conclusions: Although underpowered, this preliminary sample demonstrates a trend toward increased subscales (PA,DP) in the intervention cohort and protection against increased burnout level and symptoms. Early review of open-ended responses suggests different sources of burnout by experience level. Analysis of the entire study cohort will help assess significance of preliminary findings. Disclosure: Dr. Leavell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sun has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fabian has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen. Dr. Stein has nothing to disclose.
What are the best management strategies for radiation-induced xerostomia?

BACKGROUND The most common long-term complication of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer is dry mouth or xerostomia. Salivary glands are radiosensitive; their destruction begins shortly after the initiation of therapy with the extent of injury directly related to the amount of radiation to which they are exposed. The subsequent xerostomia is challenging to manage, leads to multiple and often long-term oral complications, and can significantly impair patients’ quality of life. This article utilizes comprehensive review of literature, identified through publicly available search engines, to outline the current best practice recommendations for patients with RT-induced xerostomia.
Effects of experimental overgrowth on survival and change in the turf assemblage of a giant kelp forest

Abstract Crustose coralline algae were the prevalent cover among sessile organisms that paved or grew near the substratum, and also the most commonly overgrown species in a giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C.A. Agardh forest located off San Nicolas Island, California. Giant kelp was the largest and most conspicuous species that overgrew large patches of the substrata; overgrowth among turf organisms also appeared common. To determine the effects of giant kelp holdfasts on crustose coralline algae and other turf organisms,“artificial holdfasts” were placed on 0.125-m 2 plots for 5, 8 and 12 months. In these treatments, 50–57% of the crustose coralline algae survived. Because these algae also recruited while covered, the total cover (survivorship plus recruitment) differed by only 7–26% from that sampled at the start of the study. The decline of these algae in control plots was similar to that in the treatment plots mostly because of overgrowth by sessile invertebrates. Bryozoans increased markedly on the control plots, whereas 0–12% survived in the treatment plots. Bryozoans and sponges also recruited under the artificial holdfasts. Some arborescent turf algae survived in the 5- and 8-month treatments; articulated coralline algae survived better than did foliose algae. High survival recruitment of crustose coralline algae while overgrown contributed to their prevalence in benthic communities.