cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Expanding Consciousness in Midlife Women: Creative Movement and the Narrative as Modes of Expression:

This study is based on Newman's theory of expanding consciousness; it expands Newman's method to include creative movement as a mode of expression. The researcher engaged in two in-depth interviews and one creative movement group experience with each of 17 midlife women. Results demonstrate expanding consciousness at midlife, with patterns of meaning identified in relationships with others, self, and spirit as well as challenges of loss, illness, and threats to relationships. Activities of consciousness were choosing, balancing, accepting, and letting go. Concepts of flow, turbulence, and a movement dialectic were identified in study findings. Creative movement supported self-awareness.
Brain Activity and Human Unilateral Chewing An fMRI Study

Brain mechanisms underlying mastication have been studied in non-human mammals but less so in humans. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate brain activity in humans during gum chewing. Chewing was associated with activations in the cerebellum, motor cortex and caudate, cingulate, and brainstem. We also divided the 25-second chew-blocks into 5 segments of equal 5-second durations and evaluated activations within and between each of the 5 segments. This analysis revealed activation clusters unique to the initial segment, which may indicate brain regions involved with initiating chewing. Several clusters were uniquely activated during the last segment as well, which may represent brain regions involved with anticipatory or motor events associated with the end of the chew-block. In conclusion, this study provided evidence for specific brain areas associated with chewing in humans and demonstrated that brain activation patterns may dynamically change over the course of chewing sequences.
The influence of culture upon consumers’ desired value perceptions: A research agenda

Although consumer consumption occurs globally, the value that consumers perceive from buying and using a product or service likely differs across cultures. We show that consumer perceptions of prod...
Resilient and energy efficient tracking in sensor networks

We present a new distributed mechanism for tracking moving objects with a network of sensors. To track such objects efficiently and accurately, we need techniques that allow the cooperation of many sensors, and the real-time exchange of data in the presence of possible failures and within the constraints of the system. Our mechanism provides efficient set-up and cooperation of the sensors within the network, while providing fault tolerant characteristics through replication. We provide an algorithm for predicting, with high probability, the future location of an object based on past observations by many sensors. We empirically evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of our approach.
Think ultrasound when evaluating for pneumothorax.

hen evaluating a patient with hypoxia, dyspnea, or pleurisy, the differential diagnosis a clinician generates oftentimes includes ruling in or ruling out pneumothorax. Indeed, the clinical scenarios in which this diagnosis is important to consider are almost too numerous to list: a patient begins coughing just after a difficult attempt at central line placement; ventilator setting alarms start to go off and oxygen saturations drop in a patient with obstructive pulmonary disease; a young healthy person presents to the emergency department with dyspnea and pleurisy; a trauma patient presents with hypotension; or a patient becomes short of breath immediately after a diagnostic or therapeutic thoracentesis. Moreover, in settings in which radiography is not available such as office practices and in remote settings, thoracic sonography for pneumothorax can be especially helpful. In these clinical scenarios a quick diagnostic imaging test to rule in or rule out pneumo thorax not only facilitates the patient’s treatment when its findings are positive but also helps eliminate this diagnosis from the differential. In some respects the latter is even more crucial because it allows the care team to move on to treat the true source of dyspnea and not perform unnecessary therapeutic maneuvers but rather focus on accurate treatment. As has been well described, supine chest radiographs are notoriously unreliable in making the diagnosis of pneumothorax, and sensitivity values of 25% to 75% have been reported.1 This situation occurs largely because layering air in the supine patient can be distributed evenly over the anterior chest and therefore can be invisible on supine radiographs. Even upright chest radiography can be challenging, however, because lines, tubes, and other folds can hide subtle pleural line abnormalities. Although chest computed tomography is quite accurate, it involves moving potentially unstable patients to a less monitored environment; it involves radiation exposure; and its increased cost makes it an inefficient screening tool. Sonography is portable, can be performed at the bedside, and has no risk associated with repeated measures as clinical scenarios change. These advantages can make it less expensive because there are no additional burdens placed on radiologic technologists, and the performance is physician dependent. Indeed, numerous studies have described near 100% sensitivity and 90% to 95% specificity if a thorough examination is performed.1–5 Received November 22, 2011, from the Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA. Revision requested November 30, 2011. Revised manuscript accepted for publication December 30, 2011. Address correspondence to Vicki E. Noble, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 0 Emerson, 3B, 55 Fruit St, Boston MA 02114 USA. E-mail: vnoble@partners.org W
Metallization effects on GaAs microstrip line attenuation

The transmission line losses of plated gold GaAs microstrip were investigated from 5 to 30 GHz. Experimental attenuation coefficients were extracted from quality factor measurements of 50 Omega straight microstrip resonators. The measured attenuation coefficients for plated gold microstrip were found to be 38% higher than previously published data on evaporated gold microstrip, and 44% higher than Computer Aided Design (CAD) simulations. Empirical bulk resistivities were found that correctly characterize GaAs plated line losses for CAD models. This paper indicates that GaAs microstrip line attenuation cannot be completely characterized by DC resistivity alone, and that empirical microstrip parameters are needed for accurate CAD modeling. >
On Bub’s Misunderstanding of Bell’s Locality Argument

Since Bub’s(1) article seems to be based on a misunderstanding of Bell’s locality postulate,(2) it appears to be desirable to spell out this postulate more explicitly than was done before.
BlackBlocks: Tangible Interactive System for Children to Learn 3-Letter Words and Basic Math

We demonstrate BlackBlocks, a low-cost portable prototype work as a tangible user interface for children aged 4 to 8 to support language and math learning. This prototype is used as a research instrument to compare learning between toy blocks and a tangible system. A comparative experiment was performed with 18 children for evaluating the effects of learning method.
Debunking legendary beliefs about student samples in marketing research

The current research investigates three legendary beliefs related to sample definition and the selection of contextual target populations: the representativeness of samples, the willingness of research participants, and the homogeneity of samples. After identifying several current trends related to the use of college-students as data sources, data from three randomly drawn samples of students and consumers empirically debunks the legendary beliefs. Findings indicate the contextual setting of the research directly shapes the representativeness of drawn samples, the willingness of college students equals the willingness of non-college consumers, and drawing samples from the same institution artificially increases sample homogeneity. Debunking these legendary beliefs reveals the need for multiple‐sample research, probabilistic sample selection procedures, clearer discussions of qualifying criteria, and the consideration of new confounding factors (e.g., research subject incentivization). The article discusses how the truths of the legendary beliefs influence the generalizability of research results to contextual populations of interest.
Hard X-ray Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HARPES)

This chapter will provide an overview of the basic principles of hard X-ray angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (HARPES), which has recently emerged as a powerful technique for studying momentum-resolved bulk electronic structure of novel materials, buried interfaces and heterostructures. HARPES provides access to the bulk electronic structure of solids due to the high inelastic mean-free paths (IMFP) of the valence-band electrons emitted at high excitation energies. The first results of HARPES measurements at excitation energies of 3.24 and 5.95 keV will be presented. The systems that will be discussed are W, as a model transition-metal system to study basic principles in such HARPES experiments; GaAs, as a technologically-relevant material to illustrate the broad applicability of this new technique; and Ga1−xMnxAs, as a novel dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor material. The experimental results will be compared to free-electron final-state model calculations and more precise one-step photoemission theory including matrix element effects. Some likely future applications areas will also be discussed.
Isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens by use of selective 7H11 medium.

7H11 agar containing carbenicillin, amphotericin B, polymyxin B and trimethoprim lactate (selective 7H11 or S7H11) was used for the selective isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. This medium as previously described contained 100 μ g. carbenicillin per ml. It was found that reducing the concentration of carbenicillin to 50 μ g. per ml. made S7H11 less inhibitory to certain strains of mycobacteria. However, some strains of M. kansaii , M. intracellulare , and M. gordonae still do not grow well on S7H11. Of 3,134 clinical specimens (mostly sputum) received, processed, and plated on 7H11 agar and the S7H11 medium, 508 positive specimens were isolated. Of these, 402 were positive on both types of media, 30 were positive on 7H11 only, 19 were positive on S7H11 only, 52 were contaminated on 7H11 but positive on S7H11, while only 5 were contaminated on S7H11 and positive on the plain medium. Thus, the total positive specimens on 7H11 was 437 and total positive specimens on the selective medium was 473. Used in conjunction with nonselective media, S7H11 agar appears to be a valuable culture medium for use in diagnostic mycobacteriology laboratories.
Optimal design of a power distribution subsystem

Mathematical optimization techniques are used to design several components of a power distribution system for next generation aircraft. A simple interconnected system consisting of an input filter and a DC-DC buck converter is used as the prototype for the optimization demonstration. The components are designed for minimum weight subject to performance, stability, and peak voltage constraints. Optimized designs for each of the individual subsystems and for the integrated system are presented. It is shown that there is interaction between the filter design problem and the converter design problem and that weight improvements can be obtained by taking these interactions into account. The automated design scheme described is a potentially valuable tool that enables designers to obtain optimized subsystem designs in a time efIicient manner.
Abstract 3982: Super-resolution imaging of drug delivery to live cells using real-time structured illumination microscopy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Imaging the effects of drug delivery in live cells is most often performed by confocal microscopy, which has a resolution limited by the diffraction of light. Here, we report the development of a novel method for imaging drug delivery to live cells using real-time super-resolution microscopy in wide-field mode. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is one of several super-resolving microscopy techniques and is capable of imaging beyond the resolution of conventional microscopy to less than 100 nm. In SIM, each super-resolution (SR) image is computationally constructed from a dataset of numerous raw images. Due to the computational time required for SR image construction, datasets are usually post-processed to avoid slowdowns during the acquisition process. Although post-processing is convenient, this approach has limited use since SR images are not available during image acquisition and thus cannot be utilized for real-time evaluation of the sample. Utilizing SR images in real-time is particularly important when objects of interest are smaller than the resolution limit of conventional microscopy. Applications such as determining optimal focus and finding desirable regions of interest are depending on real-time feedback to user. When performing real-time SIM imaging live cells, image acquisition, processing, and the display of SR images must occur in rapid succession thereby reducing the effects of molecular movement. To achieve the data processing speed necessary for real-time imaging of live cells, we utilized a graphics processing unit (GPU) to perform high-speed SR image construction. Each function for processing SIM data was optimized for parallel operation using GPU kernels. Excluding data transfer overhead, the actual GPU processing time for synthesizing the SR image was 45 milliseconds. Compared with parallel processing on a multi-core computer (CPU), using the GPU achieved a 45-fold increase in processing speed. Overall, data throughput using the GPU attained an 8-fold speed increase over CPU processing, thus allowing real-time high resolution imaging. We applied this SIM platform to record the action of nocodazole on microtubule depolymerization in HeLa cells. We are currently developing this real-time imaging method to investigate the delivery and release mechanism of therapeutic cargoes contained within nanoparticles. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3982.
Linguistic summarization of human activity

The thesis advanced herein is that linguistic summarization is essential for the reliable succinct modeling and inference of human activity. It is also asserted that the inherent and unavoidable uncertainty is linguistic and fuzzy. Advantages of the proposed work include the generation of human interpretable confidence values, improved rejection of unknown activity, information reduction, complexity management, and the recognition of adverse events. Specifically, a computer vision-based hierarchical soft-computing linguistic summarization framework is proposed. First, images are summarized through the identification of a human and a three-dimensional object called voxel person is constructed. Next, approximate reasoning is used to linguistically summarize the state of the human at each moment, i.e. image, using features extracted from voxel person. Subsequently, temporal linguistic summarizations are produced from the state membership time series. State summaries are used to infer activity, which are also linguistically summarized and subsequently used in a hierarchical similar fashion to recognize additional specific types of higher level activity. A system comprised of two levels is described for the goal of elderly activity recognition. The system parameters are designed under the supervision of nurses. The results are compared to probabilistic graphical models for three data sets consisting of student and nurse trained and supervised stunt actor activities.
ALTERED TOPOGRAPHY OF INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN CHILDHOOD RISK FOR SOCIAL ANXIETY

Background Extreme shyness in childhood arising from behavioral inhibition (BI) is among the strongest risk factors for developing social anxiety. Although no imaging studies of intrinsic brain networks in children with BI have been reported, adults with a history of BI exhibit altered functioning of frontolimbic circuits and enhanced processing of salient, personally relevant information. BI in childhood may be marked by increased coupling of salience (insula) and default (ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC]) network hubs. Methods We tested this potential relation in 42 children ages 9–12, oversampled for high BI. Participants provided resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A novel topographical pattern analysis of salience network intrinsic functional connectivity was conducted, and the impact of salience–default coupling on the relation between BI and social anxiety symptoms was assessed via moderation analysis. Results Children with high BI exhibit altered salience network topography, marked by reduced insula connectivity to dorsal anterior cingulate and increased insula connectivity to vmPFC. Whole-brain analyses revealed increased connectivity of salience, executive, and sensory networks with default network hubs in children higher in BI. Finally, the relation between insula-ventromedial prefrontal connectivity and social anxiety symptoms was strongest among the children highest in BI. Conclusions BI is associated with an increase in connectivity to default network hubs that may bias processing toward personally relevant information during development. These altered patterns of connectivity point to potential biomarkers of the neural profile of risk for anxiety in childhood.
Results analysis of health and quality monitoring on edible vegetable oil in Suixian

Objective:To analyze sanitary quality of edible oil on sale in supermarket and catering and to provide the scientific basis for the supervision and management.Methods: According to Method for Analysis of Hygienic Standard of Edible Oils in GB/T5009.37-2007 and Determination Method for Adulterated Food,the frozen test for edible oil was carried.Results: The pass rate of edible vegetable oil on sale in supermarket was higher,but lower in catering.The adulterated rate for peanut oil and rapeseed oil were 57.02% and 41.18% respectively,especially for peanut oil in canteen and supermarket were 60.49% and 49.64%.The over-standard rate of peroxide value for palm oil was 25.00%.Conclusion: Supervision and management for edible oil in catering and canteen should be strengthened.
Survey and analysis on death of malignant tumor among residents in a cancer high-incidence village of Chizhou City

[Objective]To carry out a retrospective study on the death of malignant tumor among residents in a cancer highincidence village of Chizhou City from 1983-2013,confirm the existence of high incidence of malignant tumor,and analyze the possible reasons. [Methods]The data of death of malignant tumor in the village in 30 years were collected,to analyze the constituent of and mortality malignant tumor,and compare with the national rural level. Combined with the local drinking water and environmental sanitation,the comprehensive evaluation was performed. [Results]The mortality of mortality malignant in the village was 196.21/lakh,which was slightly higher than the national level. The mortality of colorectal cancer was 29.15/lakh,which was slightly higher than the national level. The mortality in males was higher than that in females,and both of them were higher than the national level. The cases over 60 years old accounted for 56.82%. The mortality in Shangjie and Xiajie villager groups were higher,which was 343.64/lakh and 303.03/lakh respectively. The mortality in people with surnamed of Cheng,Wang and Zhang were higher,which was respectively 370.37/lakh,217.39/lakh and 526.31/lakh. [Conclusion]This village is not confirmed as a cancer high incidence village. However,the further investigation should be taken on colorectal cancer,Shangjie and Xiajie villager groups,and some families.
Analysis of aseismic and windbreak behaviors of spark gap for series compensation

A spark gap for series compensation is modeled using the finite element analysis software,i.e.ANSYSTM.Then,the seismic response is analyzed by response spectrum analysis.The aseismic and windbreak analyses are conducted using different load combinations.The computational results show that the structure is able to satisfy the strength requirement under the earthquake and wind action.The analytical method in this paper can provide reference for the aseismic and windbreak analyses of spark gap structure.
Optical Harmonic Generation in Nonuniform Gaseous Media

Harmonic generation in media of arbitrary density profiles is analyzed. A general expression for frequency upconversion in nonuniform gases (eg. jets, heat pipes) is presented. The effect of density profile on conversion efficiency optimization is considered.
Inter-relationships Linking Probability of Becoming a Case of Nicotine Dependence With Frequency of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking.

INTRODUCTION Once smoking starts, some tobacco cigarette smokers (TCS) can make very rapid transitions into tobacco dependence syndromes (TCD). With adjustment for smoking frequency, we posit female excess risk for this rapid-onset TCD. In a novel application of functional analysis for tobacco research, we estimate four Hill function parameters and plot TCD risk against a gradient of smoking frequency, as observed quite soon after smoking onset. METHODS In aggregate, the National Surveys of Drug Use and Health, 2004-2013, identified 1546 newly incident TCS in cross-sectional research, each with standardized TCD assessment. RESULTS Hill function estimates contradict our apparently over-simplistic hypothesis. Among newly incident TCS males with only 1-3 recent smoking days, an estimated 1%-3% had become rapid-onset TCD cases; non-overlapping confidence intervals show lower TCD risk for females. In contrast, among daily smokers, closer to 50% of female TCS showed rapid-onset TCD, versus under 20% of male TCS, but a larger sample will be needed to confirm the apparent female excess risk at the daily smoking frequency level. CONCLUSIONS Smoking frequency and TCD onset become inter-dependent quite soon after TCS onset. Feedback loops are expected, and might explain a potential reversal of male-female differences across smoking frequency gradients. These novel epidemiological estimates prompt new thinking and questions about interventions. IMPLICATIONS In this large sample epidemiological study, with a nationally representative sample of newly incident TCS assessed cross-sectionally, we see a quite rapid onset of tobacco dependence, with an early male excess that fades out at higher levels of smoking frequency. Next steps include development of outreach and intervention for this very rapid-onset tobacco dependence.
Enduring Loss of Serotonergic Control of Orbitofrontal Cortex Function Following Contingent and Noncontingent Cocaine Exposure.

Clinical descriptions of cocaine addiction include compulsive drug seeking and maladaptive decision-making despite substantial aversive consequences. Research suggests that this may result from altered orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function and its participation in outcome-based behavior. Clinical and animal studies also implicate serotonin in the regulation of OFC function in addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we test the hypothesis that exposure to cocaine, through self-administration (CSA) or yoked-administration (CYA), alters the regulation of OFC function by 5-HT. Using whole-cell electrophysiology in brain slices from naive rats we find that 5-HT1A receptors generate hyperpolarizing outward currents in layer-V OFC pyramidal neurons, and that 5-HT2A receptors increase glutamate release onto these cells. Following extended withdrawal from CSA or CYA, this 5-HT regulation of OFC activity is largely lost. In-situ hybridization of 5-HT receptor transcripts reveals that 5-HT1A receptor mRNA is unaffected and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA is significantly elevated after CSA or CYA. These results demonstrate that 5-HT control of OFC neurons is disrupted for extended periods following cocaine exposure. We hypothesize that this dysregulation of 5-HT signaling leads to enduring disruptions of OFC network activity that this is involved in impaired decision-making associated with cocaine addiction.
Motif-driven graph analysis

In this talk I will present data-driven algorithms for dense subgraph discovery [11], [16], and community detection [18] respectively. The proposed algorithms leverage graph motifs to attack the large near-clique detection problem, and community detection respectively. In my talk, I will focus on triangles within graphs, but our techniques extend to other motifs as well. The intuition, that has been suggested but not formalized similarly in previous works, is that triangles are a better signature of community than edges. For both problems, we provide theoretical results, we design efficient algorithms, and then show the effectiveness of our methods to multiple applications in machine learning and graph mining.
Ablation Versus Drugs: What Is the Best First-Line Therapy for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation? Antiarrhythmic Drugs Are Outmoded and Catheter Ablation Should Be the First-Line Option for All Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Con

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with a lifetime risk exceeding 20% by 80 years of age.1 It is associated with significant morbidity related to symptoms, heart failure, and thromboembolism.2 Although AF is generally considered a non–life-threatening arrhythmia, it was associated with a 1.5- to 1.9-fold excess mortality after adjustment for pre-existing cardiovascular conditions in the Framingham Heart Study.3 Despite these associations, antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy with the goal of maintaining sinus rhythm has not improved outcomes in randomized trials.4,5 In the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study, a strategy of heart rate control was equivalent to heart rhythm control in terms of all-cause mortality but superior in reducing hospitalizations.6 No studies have shown a reduction in stroke or heart failure when rhythm control is attempted in patients with AF. If the patient has risk factors for thromboembolism, anticoagulation is maintained in either strategy. Therefore, the major reason to pursue sinus rhythm in patients with AF is to improve their symptoms and quality of life. Response by Santangeli et al on p 754 During the past decade, attention has shifted from AADs toward catheter ablation. Catheter ablation was found to be superior to AAD therapy for maintaining sinus rhythm in many small, randomized trials of selected patients in whom treatment with an AAD had failed.7 Although these findings are intriguing, they require confirmation in a prospective randomized controlled trial. In addition, a benefit with respect to survival and morbidity has yet to be confirmed. Nonetheless, ablation is now regarded as an acceptable therapy for symptomatic patients who desire to remain in sinus rhythm and who have not had a response to ≥1 antiarrhythmic medication.4,5 But has ablation achieved sufficient safety and efficacy to …
Global biodiversity loss from tropical deforestation.

Tropical forests are incredibly biodiverse; they support at least two-thirds of the world’s biodiversity (1) despite covering less than 10% of Earth’s land surface (2). Unfortunately, prospects for tropical forests and the biodiversity therein are becoming increasingly bleak owing to unabated deforestation and forest alteration (3) that stem from human activities such as logging, hunting, agricultural expansion, and human settlement (4, 5) (Fig. 1). Previous studies have summarized how local or subregional biodiversity values differ across primary forests and other land-use types (6, 7), but it is unclear how site- and landscape-level impacts scale up globally. In PNAS, Alroy (8) addresses this challenge by compiling and analyzing a pantropical dataset of 875 local species assemblages sampled in primary forest and 10 other land-use types previously converted from forest. Fig. 1. Human activities that threaten tropical forests and the biodiversity therein. ( A ) Logging in Peninsular Malaysia. ( B ) Oil palm monoculture in Kalimantan, Indonesia. ( C ) Cattle grazing on pastures converted from forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil. ( D ) Smallholder cropping (of cassava) in Loreto, Peru. ( E ) Harvesting of wood for charcoal production in Benin. ( F ) Hunting threatens many forest species, including the Malayan tiger caught here on a camera trap in Peninsular Malaysia. Photographs courtesy of Rimba ( A and F ), X.G. ( B ), Jacob Socolar ( C and D ), and Orou Gaoue ( E ). The task of estimating global biodiversity losses that accrue with tropical deforestation might seem straightforward at first. For example, one might approach this problem by collating global distributions of different taxa, removing increasing extents of forest, and then counting the extinctions that accumulate when entire species ranges become deforested. This approach suffers from a number of pitfalls. First, it assumes populations originally occurring in forests can never survive in altered habitats. Indeed, it is well documented that altered forests and other … [↵][1]1Email: xgiam{at}utk.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to tumor malignancy and is targetable in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcoma and usually harbors either a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. However, the molecular basis for tumor malignancy is not well defined. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important in a variety of cancers, its role in GIST is uncertain. Through analysis of nearly 150 human GIST specimens, we found that some human GISTs expressed β-catenin and contained active, dephosphorylated nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, advanced human GISTs expressed reduced levels of the Wnt antagonist DKK4. Accordingly, in human GIST T1 cells, Wnt stimulation increased β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity in a reporter assay as well as transcription of the downstream target genes Axin2 and CCND1 In contrast, DKK4 overexpression in GIST T1 cells reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, we showed that nuclear β-catenin stability was partially regulated by the E3 ligase COP1, as demonstrated with coimmunoprecipitation and COP1 knockdown. Three molecular inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway demonstrated antitumor efficacy in various GIST models, both in vitro and in vivo Notably, the tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK alone had substantial activity against tumors of genetically engineered KitV558Δ/+ mice, and the effect was increased by the addition of the Kit inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a novel therapeutic target for selected untreated or imatinib-resistant GISTs. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1954-66. ©2017 AACR.
Sensitivity of the downward to sweeping velocity ratio to the bypass flow percentage along a guide wall for downstream fish passage

Abstract Partial-depth impermeable guidance structures (or guide walls) are used as a method to assist in the downstream passage of fish at a hydroelectric facility. However, guide walls can result in a strong downward velocity causing the approaching fish to pass below the wall and into the direction of the turbine intakes. The objective of this study was to describe how the ratio of the vertical velocity to the sweeping velocity magnitude changes along the full length and depth of a guide wall under a wide range of bypass flow percentages within a power canal. This paper focused on two guide wall configurations, each set at an angle of 45 ° to the approaching flow field and at a depth of 10 and 20 ft (3.05 and 6.10 m). The hydraulic conditions upstream of each guide wall configuration were shown to be impacted by a change in the bypass flow percentage, not only near the bypass but also at upstream sections of the guide wall. Furthermore, the effect of changing the bypass flow percentage was similar for both guide wall depths. In both cases, the effect of increasing the bypass flow percentage was magnified closer to the bypass and deeper in the water column along the guide wall.
Nuclear Fuel Cycle and the Isotopic Compositions

The heat generated by spent fuel elements and typical processing waste from both a 1000 MW(e) reference design pressurized water reactor (PWR) and 1160 MW(e) reference design high temperature gas-c...
Comparison of albumin, colloid osmotic pressure, von Willebrand factor, and coagulation factors in canine cryopoor plasma, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma

Objective To compare albumin concentrations, coagulation factors activity, and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of cryoprecipitate (CRYO) and cryopoor plasma (CPP) to that of source fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Design Prospective in vitro study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Ten healthy, non-Greyhound dogs enrolled in an academic teaching hospital blood donor program. Interventions Fresh blood was obtained from canine blood donors and separated into FFP and packed red blood cells. The source FFP was further separated into CRYO and CPP. Albumin and fibrinogen concentrations, COP, activities of coagulation factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and von Willebrand factor (vWf) were assessed for each FFP, CRYO, and CPP. Measurements and Main Results The mean albumin concentration and COP in CPP were significantly higher compared with those found in FFP, with 31.7 g/L (±6) in CPP compared to 28.9 g/L (±0.5) in FFP (P < 0.001) and 14.5 mm Hg (±0.7) in CPP compared to 12.7 mm Hg (±0.3) in FFP (P = 0.03), respectively. CRYO had significantly higher concentrations of fibrinogen (median 3.46 g/L, 95% CI 2.65–4.27), and higher activities of factor VIII (mean activity 427.0%, ±95.4) and vWf (mean activity 504.7%, ±41.39) as compared to the other products. The activities of vitamin K dependent factors II, VII, and X were similar in CPP compared to FFP, although factor IX activity was lower in CPP. There was no significant difference in factor II or VII activities between the 3 products. Conclusions The mean albumin concentration and COP were highest in CPP, suggesting that CPP may be a potential alternative to FFP for oncotic support and albumin replacement. CRYO contained higher activities of vWf and factor VIII than other products and could be used to treat vWf deficiency and hemophilia A. As vitamin K dependent coagulation factors II, VII, and X in CPP were similar to FFP, CPP may be an option for replacement of most of vitamin K dependent factors.
The Performance of Glass Fiber Insulation under High Vacuum

The recent evolution of the small laboratory cryogenic system into the fully engineered industrial cryogenic plant places new demands on the performance of materials of construction. Equally important to the design engineer, however, is the availability of accurate design data for these materials, In the field of thermal insulations, for example, new high efficiency products are becoming available to meet present day needs, but good design data remain scarce. For insulating materials, the data needed are the apparent thermal conductivities under the conditions of application.
Mortality Following Periprosthetic Proximal Femoral Fractures Versus Native Hip Fractures.

Background:The number of periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures is expected to increase with the increasing prevalence of hip arthroplasties. While native hip fractures have a well-known association with mortality, there are currently limited data on this outcome among the subset of patients with
Mislocalization of Adherens Junction- Associated Proteins in a Patient with Darier Disease

Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant keratinizing genodermatosis that manifests clinically with red-brown pruritic papules in a seborrheic distribution often in association with palmoplantar pits and dystrophic nail changes. It is caused by mutation in ATP2A2 which encodes a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) pump that regulates calcium flux. Consequent alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis is thought to impair trafficking of cellular adhesion proteins and to lead to aberrant keratinocyte differentiation, contributing to the characteristic histopathologic features of acantholysis and dyskeratosis in DD, though the precise mechanisms are incompletely understood. Previous studies have identified defective localization of desmosomal attachment proteins in skin biopsies and cultured keratinocytes from DD patients, but reports of effects on adherens junction proteins (including calcium-dependent E-cadherin) are conflicting. Here we describe a case of DD presenting with characteristic clinical and histologic features in which we performed immunofluorescence staining of four adherens junction-associated proteins (E-cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin, and vinculin). In lesional (acantholytic) DD skin, we identified loss of distinctive bright membranous staining that was present at the periphery of keratinocytes throughout the epidermis in the healthy skin of a matched donor. Perilesional (non-acantholytic) portions of DD skin partially recapitulated the normal phenotype. Our findings support a role for SERCA2 dysfunction in impaired assembly of adherens junctions, which together with defective desmosomes contribute to acantholysis in DD.
The lesser of two adverse reactions.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Fundamental to complex systems are interconnected processes involved in providing high-quality patient care. A case study and a root cause analysis (RCA) illustrate a patient safety effort with unintended consequences. Case Report A 38-year-old woman presented to the hospital for odynophagia and vomiting. The patient developed Mobitz type 2, second-degree heart block temporally associated with the administration of intravenous ondansetron. Response to the Event An Ishikawa, or fishbone, diagram conducted to enumerate potential contributing factors indicated that a key factor appeared to be an institutional restriction against using intravenous (IV) promethazine, which resulted in ondansetron being the only readily available IV anti-emetic on formulary. The anesthesia department requested that IV promethazine be removed from all operating and recovery room automated medication dispensing machines. The pharmacy department, given the realization that individual departments were taking independent action regarding promethazine, discussed the matter with the medical director, who issued a memo banning the use of IV promethazine. An institutional ban on IV anti-emetics such as promethazine may have resulted in an increase in the use of ondansetron and contributed to this adverse reaction. The reason to restrict promethazine is not well reported in the literature. In limiting the use of promethazine for patient safety concerns, the inadvertent increase in adverse reactions of the alternative medication, ondansetron, may have been overlooked. The resultant RCA underscores the need for careful cataloguing of adverse medication effects. Discussion Stakeholders should anticipate as many "downstream effects" of quality and patient safety improvements as possible. Comprehensive reporting of adverse medication effects will augment the emerging science of patient safety.
Adventitious shoot production from calloid cultures of banana

Isolated tips (approx. 2 mm long) from aseptic, multiplying shoot cultures of the triploid dessert banana clone ‘Highgate’ were tested for their morphogenetic responsiveness to hormone treatments on semisolid media. Medium containing Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and kinetin produced a compact calloid mass. Protuberances disclosed by SEM as rounded, button-shaped, and pointed outgrowths resembling fasciated shoots were formed in profusion. Sections showed many meristematic regions, some associated with distinct leaf primordia. Formation and growth of successive leaves yielded small, elongated, adventitious shoots with constricted bases. Transferral to a basal MS medium with 1 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) led to the formation of rooted plantlets.
Why Does Rural Demography Still Matter

Over the course of human history, rural places have been viewed as population reserves for urbanization and industrialization. Rurality was often synonymous with backwardness, and modernization in many countries was conceptualized and understood as a shrinking rural population accompanied by an increasing urban population. Concurrently, policy measures more often promoted urban expansion to the neglect of rural development, and in some cases rural areas were deliberately left undeveloped. The dominant perception of rurality stems from a dichotomous view of what is urban and what is rural, subsequently assuming rural areas are homogeneous. However, this collection of research disputes such overly simplistic views and incomplete policies. Rural areas are increasingly diverse in economic structure, and the presence of certain amenities, historical development patterns, and cultural conditions prompt a reevaluation of rurality. Throughout the international context, contemporary rural areas are confronting several challenges, including managing natural resources, addressing the local impacts of the global economy, and reconceptualizing what “rural” means in a rapidly changing world. Rural demography has much to contribute to understanding the continued evolution of rural populations and places into the 21st century.
Antigen Recognition: 100 Years After Landsteiner

A central feature of the adaptive immune system is its capacity to distinguish among an immense number of different structures. The efforts made over the past century to understand this extraordinary ability grew largely from Landsteiner’s work on the reactions of antisera with the small organic molecules he called haptens, or partial antigens, to indicate that they could react specifically with antibodies but not elicit antibody production. It was only near the end of his long, productive life that it became clear (through the work of Heidelberger and colleagues with polysaccharide antigens) that antibodies are proteins. And it was not until a fewyears after his death in 1943 that proteins were shown, by Fred Sanger, to be authentic molecules (rather than colloids) composed of linear chains ofamino acids joined in a peptide bonds. It is thus understandable that in Landsteiner’s monumental monograph on The Specificity of Serological Reactions he cautiously attributed the specificity of antisera to a “…the disproportional action ofa number of similar agents on a variety of related substrata” (1). By agents, he meant antibodies, of course, and by substrata he meant antigens or haptens. Today, having the benefit of over 60 years of further intensive study in many laboratories we can define specificity simply and more clearly as the ability “…to bind one unique chemical structure more strongly than a number of similar alternatives” (2).
Diglossia and Its Discontent: The Linguistics of National Crisis in Early Twentieth-Century China

Chinese language debates during the first two decades of the twentieth century were part of a discourse of national crisis when Chinese culture seemed unfit for competition in the modern world, and the time-honored state of diglossia began to appear as “schizoglossia” (Haugen, Einar. 1972. “Schizoglossia and the Linguistic Norm.” In The Ecology of Language: Essays by Einar Haugen, edited by Anwar S. Dil, 148–189. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press.) to proponents of reform and universal education. Under the strong influence of Japan’s genbun itchi movement, Chinese efforts to promote “the unity of speech and writing” showed some remarkable similarities with Japan but also many differences given the peculiar linguistic situation and political circumstances. This paper develops a new model for reassessing the state of diglossia and examines how various reform proposals and their critics understood the linguistics and social consequences of diglossia and its abolition.
Obtaining Auditory M100 Responses: Success Rates in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Electrophysiological research demonstrates auditory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and in children with language impairment. Although these auditory measures are promising as biomarkers [1], it is currently unclear how consistently these measures can be obtained in children. The present study examined the success in obtaining 50 ms (M50) and 100 ms (M100) auditory responses in 102 children: controls (N=35), ASD without language impairment (N=36), ASD with language impairment (N=22), and specific language impairment (N=9). Binaural 200, 300, 500 and 1000 Hz tones were presented, and left and right M50 and M100 superior temporal gyrus evoked activity modeled. In each hemisphere, a response was considered present when observed for at least 2 of the 4 tones, and with source strength significantly above background. Chi-squared analyses examined the presence or absence of M50 and M100 activity as a function of gender, hemisphere, age (young 6 to 10-years-old, older 11 to 15-years-old), and diagnosis.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Leucomyosuppressin (LEM-MS) in the CNS of the Cockroach, Leucophaea Maderae and the Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans

Major strides have been made in the past five years in the discovery of new insect neuropeptides due to the development of improved technology and instrumentation. A group of 12 neuropeptides were isolated and identified from extracts of Leucophaea maderae by G. M. Holman and collaborators between 1986 and 1987 (Holman et al., 1988). These neuropeptides consisted of 11 myotropic peptides and one myoinhibitory peptide. Holman et al.(1986) named the latter peptide Leucomyosuppressin (LEM-MS) and determined it to be a decapeptide with the structure, pGlu-Asp-Val-Asp-His-Val-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2. This neuropeptide structurally resembles the molluscan tetrapeptide, FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) which, interestingly, is a cardioaccelerator in molluscs, while LEM-MS inhibits contraction of both visceral and skeletal muscle of insects (Yamamoto et al., 1988). As a prelude to physiological investigations of this peptide, a study was done to locate the cells of origin and the neural pathway of LEM-MS in L. maderae using immunological probes. In order to determine if similar peptides are present in other orders of insects, antibodies to LEM-MS were also tested on tissues of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. These antibodies were visualized in adult specimens with fluorescent and peroxidase probes.
Indefinites in Action

Karen Lewis (Philos Stud, 158:313–342, 2012) argues that recognizing the importance of plans helps settle a debate regarding the semantics and pragmatics of indefinites. More specifically, Lewis argues against the dynamic approach (e.g., Kamp (In Groenendijk et al., Formal Methods in the Study of Language, pp. 277–322, Mathematics Center, Amsterdam, 1981), Heim (The semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1982), Groenendijk and Stokhof (Linguist Philos, 14:39–100, 1991), Kamp and Reyle (From Discourse to Logic, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993), and Asher and Lascarides (Logics of Conversation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003)), according to which indefinite expressions are subject to a semantic Novelty condition. Drawing on data of the so-called summary uses, she claims that Novelty is best analyzed as a pragmatic, cancelable implicature. This chapter throws significant doubt on Lewis’ analysis. Not only is her objection in large part a misreading of dynamic semantics, but the proposed pragmatic account offers no real explanation of even the alleged counterexamples. Once we consider a wider range of linguistic phenomena involving indefinites, the verdict is on the side of the dynamic approach.