cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investing with Environmental, Social, and Governance Issuesin Mind: From the Back to the Fore of Style Investing

This study measures whether investing with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues in mind has turned into a compelling investment premise for fund managers. For this purpose, a series of metrics commonly used in the market were applied to all of the current ESG-based exchange-traded funds to measure whether they offer potential to satisfy a classical risk–return assessment of their performance. The results of the study are mixed. Although their yearly growth and their risk-adjusted returns in relation to the market benchmark used are notable, the same cannot be said of their performance in terms of the risk taken to achieve these returns and with regard to the important systematic risk they contribute.
Streamwise Development of Co-Rotating, Paired Vortices Created by Tangential Injection

The present experimental study investigates the interaction and downstream development of two localized swirling flow structures created using a tangential injection method. A swirl generator is placed at the inlet of a 52.1 mm diameter pipe. The swirl generator consists of two swirl chambers with inner diameters of 23.8 mm. Each swirl chamber has a design swirl number of 7.14. Water is injected into each swirl chamber by two tangential injection ports. The injection ports are tangent to the swirl chamber and perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The two co-rotating vortices created in the swirl generator interact freely within the pipe downstream of the swirl generator. The objective of the present study is to document the interaction between the two vortices and the downstream development of the flow. Lateral velocity fields are obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Time-averaged lateral velocity fields and tangential velocity profiles are presented for several axial locations downstream of the swirl generator. Reynolds numbers of 11,000 and 17,000 are investigated. Results document the streamwise development and interaction between the two co-rotating vortices created by tangential injection. As the two swirling structures develop in the streamwise direction, three different types of flow patterns are identified. The first consists of two distinct swirling flow structures. Further downstream of the swirl chamber, the two swirling structures merge and form a single swirling flow structure with an elliptic core. In the third flow pattern, the center core of the swirling flow has a circular shape.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
DISTRIBUTION, ADAPTATION AND PROBABLE ORIGIN OF AN ALL-FEMALE FORM OF POECILIOPSIS (PISCES: POECILIIDAE) IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO.

At least five, morphologically distinct, all-female forms occur in the viviparous fish genus Poeciliopsis (Schultz, 1966; Schultz, 1969). These appear to have had a similar origin, even though in different parts of their range they are not associated with the same gonochoristic (bisexual) species of Poeciliopsis. Morphological and experimental evidence indicate that the common ancestor to all of the unisexual forms was a diploid unisexual that originated through hybridization, at which time it was endowed with its obligatory unisexuality and a disruptive meiotic mechanism. This form, termed P. monacka-lucida (Schultz, 1969) has given rise to two gynogenetic triploid populations by incorporating an additional genome from one or the other of the ancestral bisexual species involved in its origin. Two other derived forms are diploid and like P. monacka-lucida sustain themselves by a unique reproductive mechanism termed hybridogenesis (Schultz, 1969). In gynogenesis, spermatozoa are required to initiate cleavage, but paternal chromatin is not incorporated into the zygotic nucleus. Offspring of hybridogenetic organisms, on the other hand, exhibit characteristics of both parents but unisexuality is retained by excluding the entire paternal genome from functional ova in the process of oogenesis. The latter mode of reproduction, theoretically, has high adaptive value. Females that reproduce by such a mechanism have a genome which is isolated from the gene pool of the bisexual species
Anemia Prevalence May Be Reduced Among Countries that Fortify Flour

The effectiveness of flour fortification in reducing anemia prevalence is equivocal. The goal of this study was to utilize existing national-level data to assess whether anemia in non-pregnant women was reduced after countries began fortifying wheat flour, alone or in combination with maize flour, with at least iron, vitamin A, vitamin B9 or vitamin B12. Nationally representative anemia data were identified through DHS reports, the WHO-VMNIS database, and other surveys. Countries with at least 2 anemia surveys were considered for inclusion. Within countries, surveys were excluded if data were not available for non-pregnant women, if altitude was not consistently adjusted for, or if the blood-draw site (e.g., capillary or venous) or hemoglobin-quantification method (e.g., HemoCue or Cyanmethaemoglobin) differed. Anemia prevalence was modeled for countries that had pre- and post-fortification data (n=12) and for countries that never fortified flour (n=20) using logistic regression models that controlled for...
Effects of Xuezhikang vs lovastatin in treating hyperlipidemia

AIM: To estimate the efficacy of Xuezhikang vs lovastatin in treating hyperlipidemia. METHEDS: One hundred and fiftytwo patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into two groups. Xuezhikang group 72 patients (M 34,F 38;57 a±s9 a) were given Xuezhikang two pills, po,bid ×8 wk; 80 patients of lovastatin group (M 39,F 41,55 a±8 a) were given lovastatin 20 mg, after supper for 8 wk. RESULTS: The levels of TC,TG,LDLC and AI(TC-LDLC)/HDLC decreased with 23%,40%,30% and 22% in Xuezhikang group, with 20%,38%,28% and 20% in lovastatin group. There were very significant difference in these two groups before and after tretment (P0.01), but not between them. CONCLUSION: These two drugs both were safe and effective in hyperlipidemia and Xuezhikang is cheaper.
A Stroke in the Right Direction

This article discusses the importance of transforming the perception of physical education by showing how it can have a positive effect on issues in public health. Specifically, it suggests that the promotion of aquatic physical activities could bring about positive change.
Pressure-velocity relations in reservoir rocks: Modified MacBeth's equation

Abstract The knowledge of the saturation and pressure effects on elastic properties is a key factor in reservoir monitoring. The relation between saturation changes and velocity variations is well known in rock physics and at seismic frequency it can be satisfactorily described by Gassmann's equations. The pressure effect still requires deeper investigations in order to be included in rock physics models for 4D studies. Theoretical models of velocity–pressure relations often do not match lab measurements, or contain empirical constants or theoretical parameters that are difficult to calibrate or do not have a precise physical meaning. In this work, I present a new model to describe the pressure sensitivity of elastic moduli for clastic rocks. The proposed model is an extension of MacBeth's relations. These equations are then integrated within a complete rock physics model to describe the relation between rock properties (porosity and clay content), dynamic attributes (saturation and pressure) and elastic properties. The proposed model is calibrated with laboratory measurements of dry samples over a wide range of pressure variations and then applied to well data to simulate different production scenarios. The complete rock physics model can then be used in time-lapse inversion to predict the distribution of dynamic property changes in the reservoir within an inversion workflow for reservoir monitoring.
Holocene Reef Development in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Contrary to early assessments, the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) is not devoid of well-developed reefs. Significant accumulations of Holocene reef framework are present throughout the region, although they tend to be poorly consolidated, lack the submarine cementation common on most reefs elsewhere in the world, and are subject to considerable bioerosion. These reef frameworks began accreting as early as 7000 years ago. The thickest accumulations of Pocillopora frameworks occur in coastal areas of Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, but reefs composed of massive corals—species of Porites, Pavona, or Gardineroseris—are present throughout the region. Reef development in the ETP is limited by a variety of characteristics of the physical environment. Because of high turbidity in most areas, reef development is generally restricted to less than ~10 m depth. The spatial extent of reefs in the ETP is also limited from the combined influences of wave action and upwelling. Most reefs in the ETP are only a few hectares in size and the best-developed reefs generally occur in areas sheltered from strong oceanic influence. Upwelling also influences long-term trends in reef development in the region. There does not appear to be a significant impact of upwelling on the millennial-scale growth rates of Panamanian reefs; however, reefs in upwelling environments typically have thinner frameworks than nearby reefs in non-upwelling environments. Furthermore, upwelling may have contributed to a historic shutdown of reef development in Costa Rica and Panama. Although both ecological and oceanographic disturbances have had some impact on the long-term development of reefs in the ETP, the most important control on reef development in this region throughout the Holocene has most likely been the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO activity—especially that of the 1982–83 and 1997–98 El Nino events—has shaped the landscape of coral reefs across the ETP both in recent decades and in the past. Reefs in Pacific Panama and Costa Rica experienced a 2500-year hiatus in vertical growth beginning ~4100 years ago as a result of enhanced ENSO activity. Although the degree of framework accumulation and rate of reef accretion in some parts of the ETP are more similar to that of the western Atlantic than previously thought, the region still remains a marginal environment for reef development. Given the dominant role that climatic variability has played in controlling reef development in the past, the future of reefs in the ETP under accelerating climate change remains uncertain.
Critical Dialogue and Discussions of Race in the Public Administration Classroom

This article presents a counternarrative to traditional approaches to pedagogy in the public administration (PA) classroom. With the increasing diversity and complexity of American society, the field of PA must carefully navigate historical and contemporary issues fueling discourse and discontent. These issues include police violence, entrenched disparities, and institutional racism. The article posits that issues around race, racism, and oppression are salient concerns for current and future public administrators. As such, the shedding of traditional hegemonic approaches to pedagogy, so common in PA programs, is paramount to promoting social equity. Critical dialogue is presented as an important counternarrative to assist in broadening perspectives when engaging in difficult conversations.
Oil as Risk in Waorani Territory

In a visit to the Amazonian city of Coca in 2014, President Correa told local residents that petroleum brings Buen Vivir, that oil is a blessing not a curse, and that through infrastructure and services, people there can achieve a life of dignity. Traditional ecological knowledge, subsistence practices, and cultural lifeways were equated with ignorance, poverty, and misery; through urbanization, education, medical care, and economic growth, the Revolucion Ciudadana promised good living and “just compensation” for the disproportionate burdens experienced by oil-afflicted communities. We examine how these promises have fared through the collection of qualitative and quantitative data in two Waorani communities subject to development projects via Ecuador Estrategico: Gareno and Tiwino. Wage labor opportunities, mostly in oil work or construction, are unstable and fleeting; bureaucratic obstacles, logistics, and lack of information keep families from accessing bonos; and subsistence activities such as hunting are de-emphasized due to declining ecological conditions. In Gareno, the departure of the Anglo–French company Perenco (due to a disagreement with Correa’s government) led to the arrival of the national company, Petroamazonas, whose contractual agreement with the indigenous community was rife with problems. In Tiwino, the relationship between Waorani residents, the Brazilian company Petrobell, and Ecuador Estrategico has led to protests, violence, arrests, injuries, and deaths. Risk mapping interviews at the household level with residents in Gareno and Tiwino reflected patterns in how indigenous peoples think with and about risk and oil promises: local concerns about contamination, education, and health highlight how the most basic services (education and health) are not being met, while the negative consequences of extraction (noise, trash, polluted water) are palpably felt. While the Revolucion Ciudadana has facilitated the acquisition of material aspects of modernity (e.g., cell phones, DirecTV), the value of these goods are questionable if basic needs—potable water, sewage, healthcare, education—continue to go unmet.
The impact of computer usage on academic performance: Evidence from a randomized trial at the United States Military Academy

Abstract We present findings from a study that prohibited computer devices in randomly selected classrooms of an introductory economics course at the United States Military Academy. Average final exam scores among students assigned to classrooms that allowed computers were 0.18 standard deviations lower than exam scores of students in classrooms that prohibited computers. Through the use of two separate treatment arms, we uncover evidence that this negative effect occurs in classrooms where laptops and tablets are permitted without restriction and in classrooms where students are only permitted to use tablets that must remain flat on the desk.
Seeking a residency position: A medical student perspective

Each year, students and residency programs alike invest time, money, and effort in negotiating residency positions. Despite the importance of students’ role in choosing a position, little has been done to understand their opinions of the desirable attributes of programs. The authors present their findings in a survey of 254 fourth-year medical students seeking a residency position in psychiatry who indicated their experiences with psychiatric clerkships in medical school, what they looked for in a residency position, and when they made their decision to enter psychiatry.
Real-time visualization of chromatin modification in isolated nuclei

Chromatin modification is traditionally assessed in biochemical assays that provide average measurements of static events given that the analysis requires components from many cells. Microscopy can visualize single cells, but the cell body and organelles can hamper staining and visualization of the nucleus. Normally, chromatin is visualized by immunostaining a fixed sample or by expressing exogenous fluorescently tagged proteins in a live cell. Alternative microscopy tools to observe changes of endogenous chromatin in real-time are needed. Here, we isolated transcriptionally competent nuclei from cells and used antibody staining without fixation to visualize changes in endogenous chromatin. This method allows the real-time addition of drugs and fluorescent probes to one or more nuclei while under microscopy observation. A high-resolution map of 11 endogenous nuclear markers of the histone code, transcription machinery and architecture was obtained in transcriptionally active nuclei by performing confocal and structured illumination microscopy. We detected changes in chromatin modification and localization at the single-nucleus level after inhibition of histone deacetylation. Applications in the study of RNA transcription, viral protein function and nuclear architecture are presented. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
From International Shortwave to Digital Rebroadcast

In January 2015, the US government agency Voice of America loaned the Leo Sarkisian Music Library to the University of Michigan with the goal of digitizing and providing access to the materials for research and teaching. Transfer created an archive where once existed a longstanding music resource that supported all aspects of the production of the VOA’s Music Time in Africa radio program. The archive encompasses sound recordings and type-scripts of the radio program (1965-2004), along with extensive recordings of live musical performances made by Leo Sarkisian in his travels through Africa or by African staff trained by Leo Sarkisian to make professional quality recordings on his behalf—often at the radio stations he helped establish. This article describes the Music Time in Africa radio broadcast and then contextualizes efforts to provide access to the digitized recordings in terms of the nature of the post-modern archive, performance studies, and the repatriation of musical heritage resources found in archives. The article concludes with a reflection on the complexities of providing access to digital recordings of international radio and the author’s efforts to explore opportunities for digital repatriation through rebroadcast on social media, which in many ways shares the underlying characteristics of the radio broadcast medium itself.
Commentary on Neumann's "Phenomena, Poiēsis, and Performance Profiling: Temporal-Textual Emphasis and Creative Analysis in Turandot at the Metropolitan Opera"

This commentary situates Neumann's research within the existing literature on musicological ontologies of the musical work as well as scholarship on the analysis of performance and recordings. The response focuses on the interdisciplinary strength of the author's method while offering a few caveats about the analytical tools used. Although Neumann ventures into an under-explored territory (i.e. the analysis of operatic voices), I urge the author not to isolate this analysis from other elements of performance, including both visual content and listening experience
5 The Reaction of Hydrogen and Ethylene on Several Faces of a Single Crystal of Nickel

The reaction of hydrogen and ethylene was studied on the (100), (111), (110), and (321) faces of nickel single crystals at temperatures from 50° to 200°. The (321) face had the fastest rate and the (100) face the slowest rate in all cases, the maximum difference being approximately tenfold. The relative reaction rates could not be explained on the basis of simple crystal geometry. The possible effect of electronic differences between faces is discussed. The decomposition of ethylene on spherical nickel crystals at higher temperature was also studied, but the results cannot be correlated with hydrogenation rates. The relative reactivities of the face are also different from those found in the decomposition of carbon monoxide on nickel. The possible catalytic importance of dislocations, as indicated by the decomposition experiments, is also discussed.
¿Los “unos” y los “otros”? Tensiones, luchas y desafíos en torno a los derechos humanos de las personas migrantes

This article aims to reflect on the migration phenomena and the legal and social concepts of the different migrant’ “categories” in light of the international human rights law, making emphasis on the progresses and the pending challenges. Also, taking into consideration the International Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families and the work of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, the ultimate goal of this paper is to identify the vulnerabilities affecting the migrant population, especially women and children, and the challenges for a global governance in this area.
Cis-regulatory code for predicting plant cell-type specific high salinity response

Multicellular organisms have diverse cell types with distinct roles in development and responses to the environment. At the transcriptional level, the differences in environmental response between cell types are due to differences in regulatory programs. In plants, although cell-type environmental responses have been examined, details on how these responses are regulated remain spotty. Here, we identify a set of putative cis-regulatory elements (pCREs) enriched in the promoters of genes responsive to high salinity stress in six Arabidopsis thaliana root cell types. Using machine learning with pCREs as predictors, we establish cis-regulatory codes, i.e. models predicting whether a gene is responsive to high salinity for each cell type. These pCRE-based models outperform models utilizing in vitro binding data of 758 A. thaliana transcription factors. Surprisingly, organ pCREs identified based on whole root high salinity response can predict cell-type responses as well as pCREs derived from cell-type data - because organ and cell-type pCREs predict complementary subsets of high salinity response genes. Our findings not only advance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of plant spatial transcriptional response through cis-regulatory codes, but also suggest broad applicability of the approach to any species, particularly those with little or no trans regulatory data.
The effects of nitrogen deposition and invasion on litter fuel quality and decomposition in a Stipa pulchra grassland

Abstract Fuel loads from invasive annual grasses different from natives can alter the fire regime to one that positively feedbacks to their establishment, known as the grass-fire cycle. Nitrogen (N) deposition can exacerbate the grass-fire cycle by favoring non-native annual grasses and increase their biomass production, generating greater fuel loads. Less studied is how N enrichment can affect the chemical quality of litter as it pertains to the decomposition or accumulation of fuel. Here, we primarily tested how N addition affected the quality and mass loss of litter produced by the native perennial grass, Stipa pulchra, and the non-native annual grass, Bromus hordeaceus. We found that B. hordeaceus litter was significantly lower in quality and decomposed to a lesser extent than S. pulchra litter, even with N addition, which increased litter quality and mass loss overall. In addition, we show that B. hordeaceus sustained dead biomass with lower moisture content for a greater portion of the experimental year. Therefore, we conclude that B. hordeaceus invasion promotes fire by generating litter that decomposes more slowly, leaving a greater source of dry fuel for a longer period of time.
Improving ensemble docking for drug discovery by machine learning

Ensemble docking has provided an inexpensive method to account for receptor flexibility in molecular docking. However, it is still unclear how best to use the docking scores from multiple structure...
The Cardy Formula from Goldstone Bosons

Two dimensional conformal field theories, can be described by their pseudo Goldstone bosons when the conformal symmetry is spontaneously and anomalously broken. We show that the Schwarzian action of these bosons leads to the Cardy formula without using modular invariance. As a result, the Cardy formula applies to conformal field theories on a cylinder and chiral theories in one dimension. This also explains why the Cardy--Verlinde formula for theories on $S^1 \times S^{d-2}$ can be written in the form of the Cardy formula of an effective two dimensional theory.
Cyclic testing of tibialis tendon allografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using suture-post versus spiked washer tibial fixation

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to directly compare spiked washer and suture-post tibial-sided fixation techniques used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by measuring anterior tibial translation during cyclic tests. Methods Fresh-frozen human knees were tested using a robotic system that applied 250 cycles of anterior-posterior tibial force (134 N) at 30° flexion, while recording tibial translation. Ten intact knees were tested to collect baseline data for native specimens. A single knee was selected to test ligament reconstructions using doubled tibialis tendon allografts. All grafts were fixed proximally using an EndoButton™, and the tibial end of the graft was fixed with either a spiked washer or with a suture post placed at two different locations (near and distant) relative to the tibial tunnel. Findings Mean first cycle translation for intact knees was 4.8 (sd 1.8) mm; means after reconstruction were 2.6 (sd 0.9) mm (spiked washer), 10.1 (sd 1.9) mm (suture post near), and 10.4 (sd 1.5) mm (suture post distant). Corresponding means for translation increase over 250 cycles were 0.3 (sd 0.2) mm, 3.6 (sd 1.3) mm, 7.2 mm (sd 0.9) mm, and 8.0 (sd 1.3) mm. All mean increases (first cycle and cyclic) after ACL reconstruction were significantly greater than those for the intact knees, and all means with a suture post were significantly greater than those with a spiked washer. There were no significant differences between mean translations for near and distant suture post locations. Interpretation Use of suture post fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is questioned since increases in anterior tibial translation could lead to excessive post-operative knee laxity and possibly early clinical failure.
Background Literature Review

In this chapter, we briefly summarize the literature related to the innovative activity of businesses with different demographic categories of ownership (Link & Strong, 2016). The dominant portion of this literature has focused on gender compared to minority ownership, and we reach that conclusion based on the amount of published research on each topic. Perhaps one explanation for the dominance of gender-related research on innovative activity rests in the fact that there is a paucity of data related to minority ownership and related business activities.
A Safety and Coping Planning Intervention for Suicidal Adolescents in Acute Psychiatric Care

Abstract Transitioning from an acute psychiatric care setting to a less restrictive environment after a suicidal event is arguably the most critical period of suicide risk for adolescents, making comprehensive safety and coping plans for this population ever more critical. In this paper we provide theoretical and empirical rationale for the need for developmental adaptations to current safety planning procedures for suicidal adolescents, as well as the standardization of pediatric safety plans for broader use across settings that provide acute psychiatric care to adolescents. We describe how we developed the Adolescent Safety and Coping Plan (ASCP) using qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 adolescents and their parents, explain the specific components of the ASCP, and give a case example of the ASCP being used with a young adolescent and her parents. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the barriers and facilitators of the use of the ASCP in settings that provide acute psychiatric care, as well as the need for future research to test the ASCP with diverse adolescent and family populations and settings.
Global estrogen receptor-α knockout has differential effects on cortical and cancellous bone in aged male mice

Estrogen receptor-α knockout (ERKO) in female rodents results in bone loss associated with increased osteocyte sclerostin expression; whether this also occurs in males is unknown. Here, we examined...
Other Forms of Family Violence: Elder Abuse, Sibling Abuse, and Animal Cruelty

Elder abuse and neglect, sibling aggression, and pet abuse and its relationship to IPV are examined in this chapter. Family abuse of older adults can take the form of physical violence, emotional abuse, financial abuse or neglect. Neglect is probably the most common form of elder abuse within the family setting, especially if self-neglect is included. Older adults are at greater risk of abuse from a family member because of not wanting to be placed in an assisted living or nursing care facility, and being willing to accept an abusive caretaker to avoid this. Effects of abuse for the older adult can range from injury, loss of money, emotional distress, and health issues resulting from neglect. Of course, most caregivers of dependent older adults are not abusive. Sibling aggression (physical, emotional or sexual) is quite common; many perceive this as normal behavior. It’s more common in families with parental IPV or where other child maltreatment. Pets are important to many people, and abusers may threaten or actually harm pets as a form of controlling their partner. Battered women may hesitate leaving their abusive partner because of fears their pet may be harmed or even killed if left in the home. Shelters are beginning to respond to this need and are starting to offer emergency housing for pets.
Evaluation of a health education project on brucellosis and behavioral intervention in Mehlis District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province

Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education and behavior intervention project,and to provide.a scientific basis for brucellosis control.Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,target population from 6 township in Meilisi District were randomly selected to carry out baseline survey.Of these 6 townships 4 were selected as intervention townships,and two as control townships.A health education and behavior intervention program was carried out in intervention townships,and after intervention target population from 6 township were participated in the questionnaire survey.Results Awareness rate of common sense knowledge of farmers in intervention townships was 84.33％ (5237/6210) after intervention which was significantly higher than 53.56％ (2003/3740),before the intervention (x2 =112.49,P ＜ 0.01),and also higher than 54.15 ％ (1787/3300) of the control after the intervention (x2 =101.53,P ＜ 0.01).Average awareness rate(82.13％,2550/3105) of common sense on prevention after intervention was significantly higher than 58.77％(1099/1870) before the intervention (x2 =57.19,P ＜ 0.01).After intervention,average awareness rate of common sense on prevention was significantly higher than that of the average of control townships (70.36％,1161/1650,x2 =25.49,P ＜ 0.01).The awareness rate of treatment before intervention was 36.80％ (116/299),which increased to 76.36％ (436/571)after intervention (x2 =119.38,P ＜ 0.01).After the intervention the awareness rate of intervention townships was significantly higher than that of the controls (33.72％,88/261,x2 =139.69,P ＜ 0.01).In survey of these high-risk behavior in intervention townships,in addition to "cattle and sheep which were regularly immunized" in the intervention townships(35.91％,121/337),and the control townships(32.01％,97/303,x2 =1.08,P ＞ 0.05) and their difference was not significant,other processing such as"apoblema","killing cattle","sheep,cattle to deliver","cutting the wool","regular disinfection",and accuracy of high-risk behavior protection were significantly higher than those of controls[89.83％(106/l18),91.07％(51/56),84.75％(150/177),66.67％(32/48),73.78％(242/328),51.22％(42/82),75.56％(34/45),33.69％(63/187),27.78％(15/54),21.63％(61/282),x2 value were 38.00,5.82,103.84,15.84 and 173.67,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion After implementation of health education and behavioral intervention,farmers brucellosis prevention knowledge and awareness of risk behaviors have significantly improved,which have achieved the desired effect. Key words: Brucellosis; Health education ; Behavior intervention ; Outcome evaluation
High quality genomic resources for stored product insects

The expansion of genomic resources for stored product insects has largely been hampered by cost, time required for inbreeding, and technical issues that can arise during genome assembly from pooling multiple individuals together for DNA isolation and library preparation. However, newer library methods, such as 10X Chromium libraries, largely overcome these issues in that sufficient DNA can be recovered from a single individual for library prep and allelic variants are assembled as separate phase blocks, eliminating the need for inbreeding. Using 10X Chromium libraries coupled with 150 x 150 bp HiSeqX sequencing to a depth of at least 60X coverage, we are developing high quality draft genome assemblies for eight different stored product insect species, including Dermestidae (Trogoderma variabile, Trogoderma granarium, and Dermestes maculatus), Tenebrionidae (Tribolium confusum), Anobiidae (Lasioderma serricorne and Stegobium paniceum), Bostrichidae (Prostephanus truncatus), and Pyralidae (Plodia interpunctella). Overall, BUSCO (Benchmarking Using Single Copy Orthologs) scores exceeded 95% in all assemblies with few fragmented or duplicated genes, suggesting a high quality assembly of the gene space. Further, scaffold N50s exceeded 1 Mb in many cases and further improvements to these scaffolding metrics will be made using linkage maps and Hi-C libraries. Overall, this approach will yield high quality assemblies for eight different insects and could be used to quickly and efficiently generate draft assemblies of invasive or emerging stored product pests.
The influence of book sub-genre on parent-child reading interactions

Abstract Parents’ conversational interactions with their children during shared bookreading (i.e. extratextual talk) have been shown to have a variety of positive impacts on children’s development. The current study examines an expanded range of children’s book types to investigate the extent to which sub-genres of books may influence the quantity and quality of this extra-textual talk. Four books representing different sub-genres (traditional narrative, character study, alphabet book, life-skills book) were used. Parents (N = 48) read one these books to their pre-school child (M age = 4.6 years) and their talk was coded for linguistic complexity (MLU), lexical diversity, and for quantity of talk providing feedback or encouragement, promoting vocabulary development, promoting book and print concepts, and exhibiting abstract decontextualization. Results showed that some types of extratextual talk, such as talk promoting vocabulary development, were constant across books of all genres ; by contrast there were differences in the amount of extratextual talk and in the proportion of abstract decontextualized talk that varied across the books. We discuss the differences in terms of the books’ sub-genre and the features that characterize those sub-genres.
Youth soccer parents' attitudes and perceptions about concussions.

Abstract Purpose Parents are important figures in properly managing youth sport concussions. Although media attention has predominantly centered on concussions in contact/collision sports, evidence suggests that the concussion rate in soccer is comparable to those found in contact/collision sports. Given the high rate of concussions in youth soccer, this study aimed to examine parents of youth soccer athletes' attitudes and perceptions about concussions and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by surveying parents of youth soccer athletes from the five largest organized youth soccer programs across the U.S. The researchers developed a questionnaire after an extensive literature review and by modifying previously used instruments. Results Overall, 419 parents completed the survey. The vast majority (85%) agreed that a concussion is a serious injury, but only 27.9% believed that their child could suffer a concussion during the next season. Parents were most concerned about permanent brain damage when their child suffers a concussion. The vast majority (4.37 ± .89) perceived concussion reporting as an important injury prevention strategy. Greater appreciation and perceived risk about concussions was found particularly among parents who received concussion education and those who had witnessed or heard about a concussive incidence(s). Conclusions Findings suggest that youth soccer parents have high appreciation and perceived risk about concussions. However, the need for more targeted education was noted, as improvements to better manage and reduce concussions can be made. Future research should continue examining youth sport parents' belief and understanding about concussions as well as factors affecting them.
External Ventricular Drain Migration Causing Parinaud's Syndrome: A Case Report.

Background External ventricular drains (EVD) are used for emergent management of acute hydrocephalus and for monitoring of intracranial pressure. Common complications of EVDs include malposition, infection, and hemorrhage. Here, the authors present a novel case of EVD migration causing Parinaud's syndrome. Case description A thirty-three-year-old female presented with witnessed seizure secondary to a left supraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm and trace subarachnoid hemorrhage. Two days after radiographic confirmation of an accurately placed EVD, she was found to have vertical gaze palsy (Parinaud's syndrome). Repeat CT head demonstrated inward migration of the EVD with left midbrain compression. After readjustment of the EVD, her Parinaud's syndrome improved each day until discharge home. Conclusions This is a novel clinical presentation of an EVD causing Parinaud's syndrome. There is only one other case report in the literature of this phenomenon. Although a practical solution to prevent this incident from occurring is unclear, vigilance for changes in neurological exam allowed for quick assessment and revision of the EVD and subsequent recovery in this patient.
Schauer, Frederick. Uncoupling Free Speech, 92 Colum. L. Rev. 1321 (1992)

We should have paid more attention to Fred. His skepticism about some of the dogmas of media law, if more widely appreciated, could have prevented some of the harm that excessive free speech zealot...
Enabling Direct Protein Detection in a Drop of Whole Blood with an "On-Strip" Plasma Separation Unit in a Paper-Based Lateral Flow Strip.

Conventional paper lateral flow assays have low sensitivity and suffer from severe interference from complex human fluid sample matrices, which prevents their practical application in the testing of whole blood samples in the point-of-care settings. To solve this problem, gold nanostar@Raman reporter@silica-sandwiched nanoparticles have been developed as the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes for sensing transduction; and a functionalized filter membrane assembly has been designed and constructed in the paper-based lateral flow strip (PLFS) as a built-in plasma separation unit. In this "on-strip" plasma separation unit, three layers of filter membranes are stacked and surface-modified to maximize the separation efficiency and the plasma yield. As a result, the integrated PLFS has been successfully used for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 30 μL of whole blood with the assistance of a portable Raman reader, achieving a limit of detection of 1.0 ng mL-1. In short, this report presents an inexpensive, disposable, portable, and field-deployable paper-based device as a general point-of-care testing tool for protein biomarker detection in a drop of whole blood.
491. Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Viruses

Background: During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many questions arose regarding risks for hospital-acquired or nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs), techniques that can generate infectious, virus-laden aerosols, could potentially amplify transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs) Thus, it was widely recommended that HCWs use airborne precautions when performing AGMPs However, in clinical settings it is often unclear what procedures constitute AGMPs and how the risk varies by procedure or pathogen We set out to further define AGMPs and assess the risk for nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other high-risk viruses via AGMPs Methods: We identified potential AGMPs and emerging viruses that were high-risk for nosocomial transmission through reviewing experimental and clinical data Potential AGMPs were those associated with previous virus transmission or mechanically capable of transmission High-risk viruses were defined as those that cause severe disease in humans for which limited therapies or interventions exist, are infectious via aerosols in humans or non-human primates (NHPs), found in the respiratory tract of infected humans or NHPs, and had previous evidence of nosocomial transmission Results: We identified multiple potential AGMPs, which could be divided into those that generate aerosols or induce a patient to form aerosols, as well as eight families of high-risk viruses All of the viruses were emerging zoonotic RNA viruses In the family Coronaviridae, we identified potential evidence for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission via AGMPs SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 were also found to be similarly stable when aerosolized Conclusion: Multiple emerging zoonotic viruses pose a high risk for nosocomial transmission through a variety of AGMPs Given the similar stability of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV-1 when aerosolized and prior nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-1 via AGMPs, we suspect that certain AGMPs pose an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission Additional experimental studies and on-site clinical sampling during AGMPs are necessary to further risk stratify AGMPs
Thoracic and Lumbar Sympathetic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

Sympathetic blockade of the thoracic and lumbar regions has been long described in the medical literature; initial techniques for a percutaneous thoracic block (paravertebral approach) were documented by Kappis in 1919. Earlier descriptions which postulated the role of the sympathetic system in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain are detailed in the medical literature of the early 1900s. The sympathetic contribution to so-called causalgia was theorized in 1916 by Leriche, who argued that periarterial excision of sympathetic fibers may be of therapeutic benefit in relieving pain.
Chemokine-Induced PBMC and Subsequent MSC Migration Toward Decellularized Heart Valve Tissue

Enhancing the recellularization of a decellularized heart valve in situ may lead to an improved or ideal heart valve replacement. A promising approach is leveraging the immune response for inflammation-mediated recellularization. However, this mechanism has not been previously demonstrated in vitro. This study investigated loading the chemokine MCP-1 into decellularized porcine heart valve tissue and measured the migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward the chemokine loaded valve tissue. The results of this study demonstrate that MCP-1-loaded tissues increase PBMC migration compared to non-loaded tissues. Additionally, we demonstrate MCP-1-loaded tissues that have recruited PBMCs lead to increased migration of MSCs compared to decellularized tissue alone. The results of this study provide evidence for the inflammation-mediated recellularization mechanism. Furthermore, the results support the use of such an approach for enhancing the recellularization of a decellularized heart valve.
Ambiguity Aversion, Risk Aversion, and Asset Pricing

I study the effects of aversion to risk and ambiguity (uncertainty in the sense of Knight (1921)) on the value of the market portfolio when investors receive information that they find difficult to link to fundamentals and hence treat as ambiguous. Investors consider a set of models that consists of a single normally distributed marginal for fundamentals and a family of normally distributed conditionals that relate information to fundamentals. Hence, they neither know the posterior mean nor the posterior variance of fundamentals. I show that when investors receive ambiguous information, then the interpretation of this information can drastically change. This leads to a discontinuity in the equilibrium price of the market portfolio, excess volatility, negative skewness, and excess kurtosis of stock market returns. Moreover, a higher signal value does not always lead to a higher price.
PRIMED2 Preclinical Evidence Scoring Tool to Assess Readiness for Translation of Neuroprotection Therapies.

Many neuroprotective and other therapies for treatment of acute ischemic stroke have failed in translation to human studies, indicating a need for more rigorous, multidimensional quality assessment of the totality of preclinical evidence supporting a therapy prior to conducting human trials. A consensus panel of stroke preclinical model and human clinical trial experts assessed candidate items for the translational readiness scale, compiled from prior instruments (STAIR, ARRIVE, CAMARADES, RoB 2) based on importance, reliability, and feasibility. Once constructed, the tool was applied by two independent raters to four current candidate acute stroke therapies, including two pharmacologic agents [nerinetide and trans-sodium crocetinate] and two device interventions [cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation and fastigial nucleus stimulation]. The Preclinical evidence of Readiness In stroke Models Evaluating Drugs and Devices (PRIMED2) assessment tool rates the totality of evidence available from all reported preclinical animal stroke model studies in 11 domains related to diversity of tested animals, time windows, feasibility of agent route of delivery, and robustness of effect magnitude. Within each content domain, clearly operationalized rules assign strength of evidence ratings of 0–2. When applied to the four assessed candidate agents, inter-rater reliability was high (kappa = 0.88), and each agent showed a unique profile of evidentiary strengths and weaknesses. The PRIMED2 assessment tool provides a multidimensional assessment of the cumulative preclinical evidence for a candidate acute stroke therapy on factors judged important for successful basic-to-clinical translation. Further evaluation and refinement of this tool is desirable to improve successful translation of therapies for acute stroke.
Economic Inequality and the Emergence of Child Labor Laws

This paper constructs a dynamic heterogeneous agent general equilibrium model to quantify the effects of child labor laws on human capital accumulation and the distribution of welfare. We find that the welfare consequences of a policy reform for agents depend crucially on the main source of household income. Households with large asset holdings would never support government intervention. High-wage workers benefit most from a ban on child labor, while low-wage workers benefit most from mandatory education. Utilitarian social welfare increases to a greater extent with mandatory, publicly financed education than with a child labor ban or a combination of both policies.