cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
O-008 Long term angiographic follow-up of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas treated with Onyx embolization: consecutive series of 37 patients

Background Onyx is a non-adhesive liquid embolic agent that has gained wide acceptance in the treatment of intracranial pial AVMs. However, only a few series have addressed the results of Onyx embolization for the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). We now report on the long term results of Onyx treatment for intracranial DAVFs. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 37 consecutive patients with intracranial DAVFs (a total of 39 lesions) who were treated with Onyx as the single treatment modality between March 2006 and April 2009. A trans-arterial approach was employed in all cases, and Onyx-18 or a combination of Onyx-18/Onyx-34 was used to embolize the DAVF. Patients underwent control angiography at 3 months and 12 months post-embolization to assess for recurrent or residual shunting. Results Mean age of these 37 patients was 56±11 years (median 56, range 30–76). There were 22 men and 15 women. 11 lesions (29.7%) were classified as Cognard IV/Borden 3; 14 lesions (37.8%) as Cognard III/Borden 3; four lesions (10.8%) as Cognard IIa + IIb/Borden 2; three lesions (8.1%) as Cognard IIb/Borden 2; one lesion (2.7%) as Cognard IIa/Borden 1; and four lesions (10.8%) as Cognard I/Borden 1. A total of 46 procedures were performed (three procedures in three patients; two in three patients; and one in 31 patients). Complete angiographic cure on immediate post-treatment angiography was achieved in 35 patients. One patient underwent surgical resection after partial embolization. The remaining patient had a residual fistula involving the jugular fossa below the skull base without evidence of any residual intracranial component. Complications included one asymptomatic extracranial vertebral artery dissection and two facial palsies. There was no other significant morbidity or mortality. Follow-up angiography is currently available in 34 patients. There was no evidence of residual or recurrent DAVF in 33 patients. One of the initially “cured” patients had evidence of a small recurrent DAVF on short-term follow-up. This was attributed to lack of penetration of the embolic agent into the proximal venous compartment. This patient was asymptomatic and was subsequently embolized with Onyx resulting in stable cure on follow-up angiogram performed 11 months later. Twenty-one patients have long term (>1 year) follow-up; 19 of these had follow-up angiography at both 3 and 12 months. In all these 19 cases, the angiographic results were stable across the two time epochs. Conclusion In our experience, the endovascular treatment of intracranial DAVFs with Onyx is safe and highly effective with no evidence of any significant recurrence in the long term follow-up. A single angiography at 3–6 months appears to be reasonable in the follow-up of these patients.
Athenagoras on Christian Ethics

At first sight Athenagoras's treatment of Christian ethics in his Supplicatio pro Christianis xi and xii appears to be anti-philosophical. According to Athenagoras the Christian way of life is based on doctrines taught by God and not by man. Ethical precepts are not derived from dialectical exercises, but are Christian dogmas which come from God and through Scripture (xi p. 128, 11 ff.). The basis for his discussion of Christian ethics is a conflation of Mt. v. 44 f. and Lk. vi. 28 (xi p. 128, 14 ff.). This represents a change in his method of argumentation from his earlier theological discussion (vi–x) where he proceeded on the basis of reasoning (λογισμοὐς) which was then confirmed by Scripture (ix p. 126, 29 ff.). Furthermore, for him ethics is motivated by a knowledge of the Trinity (xii p. 129, 17 ff.) and is the following of correct knowledge governed by an expectation of the Judgment (xii p. 129, 3 ff.). However, Geffcken and Ubaldi have shown that Athenagoras uses certain philosophical traditions in this discussion, and that his attack on the sophists was in good philosophical form. This article will examine Athenagoras's method of argument to determine more clearly what philosophical models he did in fact use.
Analysis of hospital bed management and patient mobility using open data sources.

To properly assess strengths and weaknesses of care services it is necessary to develop robust models for the acquisition, analysis and presentation of clinical data provided by different sources [1,2]. In this perspective recent actions have promoted the diffusion of open databases to improve the transparency of economic and clinical activities from the structural, organizational, financial and professional points of view. In Italy the Ministry of Health has released different open datasets to describe facilities and staff involved in the healthcare system as well as clinical outcomes related to interventions. In this project [3] we use these datasets to study: hospital bed management to analyse the ability of a hospital to care for patients; patient mobility to assess the ability of a region to attract patients from other regions in the provision of care services.
Activated protein C was cost-effective for prolonging survival in a subgroup of patients with severe sepsis.

Source Citation Manns BJ, Lee H, Doig CJ, Johnson D, Donaldson C. An economic evaluation of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:993-1000. 12324556
NanoCluster Beacons Enable Detection of a Single N6-Methyladenine

While N(6)-methyladenine (m(6)A) is a common modification in prokaryotic and lower eukaryotic genomes and has many biological functions, there is no simple and cost-effective way to identify a single N(6)-methyladenine in a nucleic acid target. Here we introduce a robust, simple, enzyme-free and hybridization-based method using a new silver cluster probe, termed methyladenine-specific NanoCluster Beacon (maNCB), which can detect single m(6)A in DNA targets based on the fluorescence emission spectra of silver clusters. Not only can maNCB identify m(6)A at the single-base level but it also can quantify the extent of adenine methylation in heterogeneous samples. Our method is superior to high-resolution melting analysis as we can pinpoint the location of m(6)A in the target.
Chlorophyll fluorescence and the polarized underwater light field: comparison of vector radiative transfer simulations and multi-angular hyperspectral polarization field measurements

Previous partial simulations and field measurements by us, had demonstrated the impact of the un-polarized nature of algal chlorophyll fluorescence to reduce the observed degree of polarization of the underwater light field in the spectral vicinity of fluorescence. (Polarization otherwise existing as a result of non-algal particulate (NAP) and molecular elastic scattering). The magnitude of this fluorescence driven dip in the observed degree of polarization was also seen to be theoretically related to the fluorescence magnitude. The recent availability to us of the RayXP vector radiative transfer code (VRTE) for the coupled atmosphere ocean system now permits us to make complete simulations of the underwater polarized light field, using measured inherent optical properties (IOPs) as inputs. Based on these simulations, a much more comprehensive analysis of the fluorescence impact is now possible. Combining the results of these new simulations with underwater field measurements in eutrophic waters using our hyperspectral multi angle polarimeter, we verified the theoretical relationship. In addition, comparisons of VRTE simulations and hyperspectral polarized field measurements for various coastal water conditions permit retrieval of fluorescence magnitudes. Comparisons of these polarization based fluorescence retrievals with retrievals obtained using fluorescence height over baseline or Hydrolight scalar simulations, together with total unpolarized radiance measurements, show good agreement.
Determining the main drivers in hydrocarbon production from shale using advanced data-driven analytics – A case study in Marcellus shale

Abstract Is it the quality of the formation or the quality of the completion that determines or controls the productivity of a shale well? In this paper we attempt to address this important question. We present a case study using a fit-for-purpose approach with no attempt to generalize the final conclusions. The analysis presented in this article is based on field measurements. No assumptions are made regarding the physics of the storage and/or the transport phenomena in shale. Our objective is to let the data speak for itself. The case study includes a large number of wells in a Marcellus shale asset in the northeast of the United States. Characteristics such as net thickness, porosity, water saturation, and TOC are used to qualitatively classify the formations surounding each well. Furthermore, wells are classified based on their productivity. We examine the hypothesis that reservoir quality has a positive correlation with the well productivity (wells completed in shale with better reservoir quality will demonstrate better productivity). The data from the field will either confirm or dispute this hypothesis. If confirmed, then it may be concluded that completion practices have not harmed the productivity and are, in general, in harmony with the reservoir characteristics. The next step in the analysis is to determine the dominant trends in the completion and judge them as best practices. However, if and when the hypothesis is disproved (wells completed in shale with better reservoir quality will NOT demonstrate better productivity), one can and should conclude that completion practices are the main culprit for the lack of better production from better quality shale. In this case, analysis of the dominant trends in the completion practices should be regarded as identifying the practices that need to be modified. Results of this study show that production from shale challenges many of our preconceived notions. It shows that the impact of completion practices in low quality shale are quite different from those of higher quality shale. In other words, completion practices that results in good production in low quality shale are not necessarily just as good for higher quality shale. Results of this study will clearly demonstrate that when it comes to completion practices in shale, “One-Size-fit-All” is a poor prescription.
A Descriptive View of the 4-H Club Experience Through the Lens of 4-H Youth

4-H like other youth development programs should be generally marked by the presence of three features of optimal youth programming: 1. youth participation and leadership, 2. positive adult-youth relationships, and 3. skill building activities (Lerner, 2004). This paper reviews a study which examined the extent to which 4-H youth felt they had “opportunities” to engage in different learning experiences, and provide leadership to those experiences within their clubs. The study also examined the youth’s perceptions about whether their experience in the 4-H Club helped them spend more time with their parents, have a positive relationship with another adult and do things independently. An examination of whether there is a difference in life skill development in 4-H based on certain key demographic variables is also discussed. The results of this study are shared as well as implications for practice and recommendations for further research.
Fictions of the Island: girdling the sea

Like the sea, its highway, trade’s fluctuation threatens attempts to fix value, demanding a narrative by which the restless and insatiable can appear domesticated. This essay explores late medieval texts that provide an imaginary of mercantile perspective during a crucial period of Britain’s urban history. Through their depictions of the sea, they trace the growing power of merchant ideology, suggesting something of how merchants sought to create an identity for themselves within an existing social model, a model no more stable than the sea road of merchant ambition and endeavor. In so doing, the texts also offer ways in which the sea’s indeterminacy was harnessed or made to appear so.
Protein Kinase CK2: A Window into the Posttranslational Regulation of the E(spl)/HES Repressors from Invertebrates and Vertebrates

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) repressors encoded by the Drosophila Enhancer of split Complex (E(spl)C) are the terminal effectors of Notch signaling, a pathway that is highly conserved through Metazoa. Although the E(spl) proteins are structurally conserved, one region that exhibits length and sequence heterogeneity is the C-terminal domain (CtD), which links the b/HLH domains to the terminal WRPW tetrapeptide, facilitating recruitment of the corepressor Groucho. Consequently, the CtD has been largely thought to act as a nonfunctional linker. However, studies are revealing that this region is not only key to controlling E(spl) repressor activity (cis-inhibition) but is subject to sophisticated regulation through posttranslational modifications (PTM). These modifications are mediated by protein kinases, phosphatase(s), and accessory factors, which together regulate phospho-occupancy, conferring spatial and temporal control over E(spl) protein activities and levels. We suggest that E(spl)M8 is a paradigm for understanding the regulation of mammalian E(spl) homologues by PTM. In the case of E(spl)M8, repressor activity first requires multisite phosphorylation led by CK2, with steady state control provided by the phosphatase PP2A. The later participation of additional kinases would activate a phosphodegron, enabling timely clearance of the protein. Controlled activation and deactivation may both be essential for repeated rounds of Notch signaling, employing different E(spl) repressors. This mode of regulation likely impacts a preponderance of E(spl) members, underscoring its importance to Notch signaling. PTM therefore imposes greater functional diversity among the E(spl) proteins, which are themselves differentially expressed during development. Aberrant posttranslational modification of the human E(spl) homologues, the HES proteins, may underlie diverse developmental disorders and cancer, both of which have been linked to defects in Notch signaling.
Biosimilars: Considerations for Oncology Nurses .

Background Biosimilars are developed to be highly similar to and treat the same conditions as licensed biologics. As they are approved and their use becomes more widespread, oncology nurses should be aware of their development and unique considerations. Objectives This article reviews properties of biosimilars; their regulation and approval process; the ways in which their quality, safety, and efficacy are evaluated; their postmarketing safety monitoring; and their significance to oncology nurses and oncology nursing. . Methods A search of PubMed and regulatory agency websites was conducted for references related to the development and use of biosimilars in oncology. . Findings Because biologics are large, structurally complex molecules, biosimilars cannot be considered generic equivalents to licensed biologic products. Consequently, regulatory approval for biosimilars is different from approval for small-molecule generics. Oncology nurses are in a unique position to educate themselves, other clinicians, and patients and their families about biosimilars to ensure accurate understanding, as well as optimal and safe use, of biosimilars.
Abstract 186: Aortic IL-17C Producing Cells in Atherosclerosis.

The progression of atherosclerosis from fatty acid streaks to complex lesions involves regular communication between hematopoetic cells within the arterial wall and vascular cells via cytokine and chemokine networks. Recent evidence has demonstrated the presence of Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing T cells within atherosclerotic Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) aortas. IL-17A is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family, which consists of six related isoforms (IL-17A-IL-17F). While the functions of IL-17A, IL-17E, and IL-17F are the subject of ongoing studies, the roles and producers of IL-17B and IL-17C remain elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated a pro-inflammatory role for epithelial cell and keratinocyte-derived IL-17C in the context of experimental colitis, and psoriasis. In the present study, we sought to examine the expression of IL-17C within the aortas of atherosclerotic Apoe-/- and Il17a-/-Apoe-/- mice. We detected Il17c mRNA within the aortas of both 12-week western diet-fed Apoe-/- and Il17a-/-Apoe-/- mice. To further identify and characterize the cellular sources of aortic IL-17C, we examined aortic leukocytes and vascular cells by flow cytometry. We identified several major cellular producers of IL-17C in vivo, including a major population of smooth muscle cells (5±0.8% of Apoe-/- CD45-αSMA+ SMCs) and a population of CD45-αSMA- cells (5.8±0.8% of Apoe-/- CD45-αSMA- cells). Interestingly, the percentage of aortic IL-17C producing cells was elevated within 12 week western diet-fed Il17a-/-Apoe-/- mice in comparison to Apoe-/- littermates (6.16±0.24% of the Il17a-/-Apoe-/- aorta vs 3.6±0.1% of the Apoe-/- aorta), suggesting an inverse relationship between T cell derived-IL-17A and vascular-IL-17C. To examine the effects of IL-17C and the possibility of synergy between TNFα and IL-17C on aortic chemokine and cytokine production, we explanted and treated whole aortas with IL-17C or IL-17C and TNFα in vitro. IL-17C with and without TNFα broadly supported the expression of Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl5, and Il6 in explanted WD Apoe-/- aortas. Together, these results suggest that vascular smooth muscle cell-derived IL-17C may play a pro-inflammatory role in atherosclerosis via the production of chemokines and cytokines.
Gerardus Blasius and the Illustrated Amsterdam Observationes from Nicolaas Tulp to Frederik Ruysch

This essay explores the collections of Observationes, whether medicae or chirurgicae, published in Amsterdam from about 1640 to about 1690, or from Nicolaas Tulp to Frederik Ruysch. Since many Observationes were illustrated, I pay special attention to the role of images, with special emphasis on those representing diseased states. The works by Gerardus Blasius appear especially informative about contemporary practices including clinical teaching, physical examinations, postmortems, collecting, and visual representation.
Finding Harmony between Ions and Electrons: New Tools and Concepts for Emerging Energy Storage Materials

The study of charge transport within and between materials, including interfaces, is one of the most critical challenges facing electrochemistry due to its importance in determining rate and charge capacity in battery materials. In this perspective, we discuss examples of materials that reveal the delicate balance between structure, ion and electron transport, and chemically specific interactions that modulate reactivity during charge storage. We first address a new type of highly soluble redox-active polymers in which physical and electronic structure as well as interactions with the electrolyte determine their reaction mechanisms. Finding common ground with a variety of polymeric and 2D materials, we highlight new directions and strategies for enhancing electrochemical performance. Because of the importance in determining ion transfer mechanisms, we further explore ionically sensitive scanned probe methods that are helping to elucidate relationships between ion and redox reactivity. Examples of how thes...
Lifting the U.S. Crude Oil Export Ban: Prospects for Increasing Oil Market Efficiency

Repealing the U.S. ban on crude oil exports led to increased trade and efficiency in the oil market.
Cultural Model of Decoupling

The effects of national culture on the two distinctive processes of institutionalization, ‘adoption-implementation’ and ‘means-ends’ decoupling are conceptualized in the context of global diffusion...
Plasmonic nano-antenna arrays for high-sensitivity and broadband terahertz detection

We present a high-performance terahertz detector based on a two-dimensional plasmonic photoconductive nano-antenna array. The nano-antenna array is designed to offer a strong interaction between the incident terahertz radiation and an optical pump beam. This offers significantly higher detection sensitivities compared with non-plasmonic photoconductive antennas. The nano-antennas are also designed to offer broad detection bandwidths. We experimentally demonstrate record-high signal-to-noise ratios as high as 107 dB over 0.1–5 THz frequency range.
Sex differences in nicotine intravenous self-administration: A meta-analytic review

Abstract Objective This report reflects a meta-analysis that systematically reviewed the literature on intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of nicotine in female and male rats. The goal was to determine if sex differences in nicotine IVSA exist, estimate the magnitude of the effect, and identify potential moderators of the relationship between sex differences and nicotine consumption. Methods Extensive search procedures identified 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria of employing both female and male rats in nicotine IVSA procedures. The meta-analysis was conducted on effect size values that were calculated from mean total intake or nicotine deliveries using the Hedges' unbiased gu statistic. Results A random effects analysis revealed that overall females self-administered more nicotine than males (weighted gu = 0.18, 95% CI [0.003, 0.34]). Subsequent moderator variable analyses revealed that certain procedural conditions influenced the magnitude of sex differences in nicotine IVSA. Specifically, higher reinforcement requirements (> FR1) and extended-access sessions (23 h) were associated with greater nicotine IVSA in females versus males. Females also displayed higher nicotine intake than males when the experiment included a light cue that signaled nicotine delivery. Sex differences were not influenced by the diurnal phase of testing, dose of nicotine, or prior operant training. Conclusion Overall, the results revealed that female rats display higher levels of nicotine IVSA than males, suggesting that the strong reinforcing effects of nicotine promote tobacco use in women.
Software Packages for Bayesian Multilevel Modeling

Multilevel modeling is a statistical approach to analyze hierarchical data that consist of individual observations nested within clusters. Bayesian method is a well-known, sometimes better, alterna...
A Bayesian confirmatory factor model for multivariate observations in the form of two‐way tables of data

Researchers collected multiple measurements on patients with schizophrenia and their relatives, as well as control subjects and their relatives, to study vulnerability factors for schizophrenics and their near relatives. Observations across individuals from the same family are correlated, and also the multiple outcome measures on the same individuals are correlated. Traditional data analyses model outcomes separately and thus do not provide information about the interrelationships among outcomes. We propose a novel Bayesian family factor model (BFFM), which extends the classical confirmatory factor analysis model to explain the correlations among observed variables using a combination of family-member and outcome factors. Traditional methods for fitting confirmatory factor analysis models, such as full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation using quasi-Newton optimization (QNO), can have convergence problems and Heywood cases (lack of convergence) caused by empirical underidentification. In contrast, modern Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo handles these inference problems easily. Simulations compare the BFFM to FIML-QNO in settings where the true covariance matrix is identified, close to not identified, and not identified. For these settings, FIML-QNO fails to fit the data in 13%, 57%, and 85% of the cases, respectively, while MCMC provides stable estimates. When both methods successfully fit the data, estimates from the BFFM have smaller variances and comparable mean-squared errors. We illustrate the BFFM by analyzing data on data from schizophrenics and their family members.
Weighted Block Sparse Bayesian Learning for Basis Selection

Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (BSBL) methods estimate a block sparse vector by maximizing the posterior distribution and using sparsity-inducing priors. In BSBL works, all hyperparameters priors are assumed to follow the same distribution with the same parameters. In this paper, we propose to assign different parameters to each hyperparameter, giving more importance to some hyperparameters over others. The importance weights are obtained by leveraging a low resolution estimate of the underlying sparse vector, for example, an estimate obtained via a method that does not encourage sparsity. We refer to the proposed approach as Weighted Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (WBSBL). Simulation results show that, as compared to BSBL, WBSBL achieves substantial improvement in terms of probability of detection and probability of false alarm in the low signal to noise ratio regime. Also, WBSBL's performance degrades slower than that of BSBL as the number of active blocks increases.
Knowledge of endoscopic ultrasound-delivered fiducial composition and dimension necessary when planning proton beam radiotherapy.

Background and study aims Little consideration has been given to selection of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducials for proton radiotherapy and the resulting perturbations in the therapy dose and pattern. Our aim was to assess the impact of perturbations caused by six fiducials of different composition and dimensions in a phantom gel model. Materials and methods The phantom was submerged in a water bath and irradiated with a uniform 10 cm × 10 cm field of 119.7 MeV monoenergetic spot scanning protons delivered through a 45 mm range shifter. The proton “Bragg Peak” was evaluated. Results Dose perturbations manifesting as dose reductions up to 30 % were observed. A carbon composite (1 × 5 mm) and gold (0.4 × 10 mm) fiducial with backload potential rather than dedicated EUS pre-loaded gold fiducial needles had the best performance in terms of minimizing the dose perturbation. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that a carbon composite fiducial has a less untoward effect on proton therapy dose distribution than dedicated EUS pre-loaded gold fiducial needles. Such information is important to consider when selecting fiducials specifically for proton therapy.
Tell Me a Story: The Power of Narrative in the Practice of Teaching Art.

Narrative is a form of discourse that “encode[s] and encrypt[s] the norms, values, and ideologies of the social order” (Friedman, 1998, p. 8). These values may be represented in many ways, including culturally learned codes, myths, and stories which reveal popular attitudes about gender, race, ethnicity, or education. As a mirror of culture, narrative appears in visual images and reflects the attitudes of society as well as the personal opinions and interests of artists and of those who use images to teach. Within the literature of art education there are many references to narrative that focus on how the stories of both teachers and students affect teaching and the making of art (Kellman, 1995, 1998; Smith-Shank, 1993; Stokrocki, 1994; Zimmerman & Stankiewicz, 1982, 1985). However, very few discuss the role of narrative in the practice of teaching. This article focuses on narrative as discourse and suggests how it might be used by teachers to encourage students to think more critically and to understand ...
The Role of Intimate Partner Violence in Homicides of Children Aged 2-14 Years.

Introduction Child victims physically harmed in intimate partner violence incidents are understudied. The U.S. National Violent Death Reporting System abstractors can identify intimate partner violence–related child homicides in part through descriptive narratives from coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement reports. This study characterizes these homicides and assesses how well the coded and narrative data within the National Violent Death Reporting System align in identifying intimate partner violence–related child homicides. Methods This study examines homicides of children ages 2–14 years from 16 states for 2005–2014. An existing variable purportedly indicates intimate partner violence–related child homicides where the perpetrator also kills or attempts to kill the intimate partner (Type 1) or intimate partner conflict (e.g., divorce, separation, custody) precedes the homicide (Type 2). The authors read all narratives in 2018 to assess whether the death was intimate partner violence–related and compared this classification to that coded by the National Violent Death Reporting System abstractor. Results Of 1,386 child homicide victims, 144 (10.4%) were coded in the National Violent Death Reporting System as intimate partner violence–related. However, from the narratives, an additional 138 were classified as intimate partner violence–related, identifying a total of 280 (20.2%) victims. Of the 280 victims, 54.3% were killed in Type 1 incidents. Compared with other perpetrators of child homicides, intimate partner violence–related perpetrators were more likely to be white, use a firearm, and die by suicide. Type 2 incidents were more likely than Type 1 to be homicide–suicides. Conclusions The National Violent Death Reporting System currently understates intimate partner violence–related child homicide cases. Many cases involve immediate intimate partner conflict, suggesting the need for services to help people cope before conflicts lead to deadly incidents. Primary prevention of intimate partner violence may have survival benefits for children.
Culture Care Beliefs and Practices of Ethiopian Immigrants.

Introduction: The purposes of this mini study were to identify and describe the culture care beliefs and practices of Ethiopian immigrants in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States and to adv...
Inter-rater and scan-rescan reproducibility of the detection of intracranial atherosclerosis on contrast-enhanced 3D vessel wall MRI.

Objective: The objective is to establish interscan, inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of a multicontrast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced intracranial vessel wall (IVW) MRI protocol with 0....
Purification of adult Hymenolepis diminuta (CESTODA) mitochondrial NADPH → NAD+ transhydrogenase.

The mitochondrial, inner-membrane-associated, reversible NADPH→NAD+ transhydrogenase of the energetically anaerobic adult cestode Hymenolepis diminuta connects NADPH generation, via a mitochondrial NADP+-specific "malic" enzyme, with NADH formation needed for electron transport. In reducing the pyridine nucleotide, the enzyme concomitantly catalyzes transmembrane proton translocation, thereby coupling NADH formation to ATP generation or NADPH formation to ATP hydrolysis. Detergent-solubilized transhydrogenase, from isolated mitochondrial membranes, was purified to apparent homogeneity using ion exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. The enzyme displayed a monomeric Mr of ∼110 kDa and required phospholipid, without which activity was rapidly lost. Of the phospholipids examined, phosphatidylcholine was the most effective. Transhydrogenase-catalyzed NADH formation was inhibited by NAD(P)+ and adenylates, suggesting regulatory effects of the pyridine nucleotides and effects of pyridine nucleotide-simulating molecules. In keeping with its proton-translocating function, the enzyme was inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The isolated enzyme catalyzed neither NADH→NADP+ nor NADH→NAD+ transhydrogenations, thereby suggesting a need for a minimal coupling to electron transport for the NADH→NADP+ reaction as well as enzyme specificity. Anti-transhydrogenase monospecific antibodies proved inhibitory to NADPH→NAD+ transhydrogenation catalyzed by both isolated and membrane-associated enzymes. This purification study apparently represents a first for parasitic helminths or multicellular invertebrates generally and establishes a framework for evaluating the transhydrogenase as a potential site for specific chemotherapeutic attack.
50 Age, histology and stage predict survival following adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation versus radiation alone in high-risk endometrial cancer: a study based on portec-3 criteria

Objectives Evaluate the impact of age, stage and histology on survival in high-risk endometrial cancer (EC) following treatment with chemotherapy and radiation (CTRT) vs. radiation alone (RT). Methods Eligible patients were diagnosed with high-risk EC from 2004–2014 in the National Cancer Database based on PORTEC-3 criteria and treated with pelvic beam radiation and/or radioactive implants. The CTRT group also received multiple-agent chemotherapy. A propensity score approach controlled for differences in clinical factors. Survival was evaluated using weighted Kaplan-Meier and Cox model analyses with interaction testing. Results There were 10,009 women in the CTRT group and 10,006 in the RT group. After balancing, a 4.9% improvement in 5-year survival and a 15% drop in the adjusted risk of death was observed following treatment with CTRT vs. RT (P Conclusions Age, stage and histology merit consideration when selecting adjuvant therapy for high-risk EC patients based on a study in 20,015 women.
The Ah locus and the metabolism of chemical carcinogens and other foreign compounds.

Publisher Summary Drug-metabolizing enzyme systems, which are localized principally in the liver, are generally divided into two groups—namely, phase I and phase II. One of the most interesting phase I enzyme systems include a group of enzymes collectively known as the “cytochrome P-450-mediated monooxygenases.” These membrane-bound enzyme systems effectively metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mutagens, and numerous aromatic amines. The Ah locus in the mouse controls the induction of cytochrome P 1 -450, eleven associated monooxygenase activities, and UDP glucuronyltransferase activity. These enzyme systems potentiate and detoxify chemical carcinogens, environmental pollutants, drugs, and other chemicals, along with numerous endogenous substrates. Numerous conditions in the mouse, which include cancer, drug toxicity, and birth defects, are directly associated with the Ah locus— considered to be a single gene or a small number of genes. This chapter describes the background information on the characteristics of the P-450-mediated monooxygenases. It reviews the complexity of the genetic expression in the mouse and the large number of enzyme activities, the induction of which appears to be under common genetic regulation. It also examines evidence for an association of the Ah locus with conditions in the mouse such as, tumorigenesis and toxicity, evidence for an association of the Ah locus with in vitro test systems, and evidence for the existence of an Ah locus in the human.
The effect of body-worn cameras on satisfaction and general perceptions of police: Findings from a quasi-randomized controlled trial:

This study investigated the effect of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on citizens’ satisfaction with the encounter and citizens’ general perceptions of the police during traffic stops. A post-test-only tw...
A survey of prevention and control knowledge, attitude, behavior and infection status of hepatitis B among female sex workers in Chaoyang District, Beijing

Objective To conduct a baseline survey of prevention knowledge,attitude,behavior of hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus infection among female sex workers in Chaoyang District,Beijing,better control of hepatitis B transmission in Chaoyang and for further policy making process on hepatitis B control strategies in cities.Methods The female sex workers who had commercial sex within six months large were recruited by combining stratified cluster sampling method and snowball method in entertainment places.Oneon-one questionnaire were carried out to collect data of general demographic characteristics,hepatitis B-related knowledge,attitude and behavior.Hepatitis B antigen and antibody were tested.Results A total of 1300 female sex workers were investigated,mostly aged 20 ～29 years (76.92％,1000/1300),unmarried accounting for 54.23％ (705/1300),middle and high school (secondary) accounting for 80.38％ (832/1300).Awareness rate of hepatitis B sexual transmission was 50.92％ (662/1300),and awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination and condom use were 68.23％ and 48.31％ (628/1300) respectively.Only 36.54％ (475/1300) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B.HBsAg positive rate was 2.46％ (32/1300).Conclusions Both awareness rates of hepatitis B prevention knowledge and hepatitis B vaccination coverage were low.Female sex workers in Chaoyang District have high risk behavior.We should enhance the level of attention to hepatitis B infection among female sex workers; strengthen publicity and education of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge so as to improve the hepatitis B vaccination rate. Key words: FSW; Knowledge; Attitude; Behavior; HBV infection
“Piercing This Wall”: Truth-Making in a Fascist World:

In this article, Kuntz argues for new orientations to inquiry that enact immanently entangled processes of mapping, refusing, and making—radical practices with implications for resisting the fascis...
Young children’s willingness to deceive shows in-group bias only in specific social contexts

Abstract The ability to deceive others is an early-emerging and socially complex skill, but relatively little is known about when and how a social partner’s identity affects young children’s willingness to lie. To understand how group membership affects children’s lying, we used a minimal group paradigm to examine children’s willingness to deceive in-group and out-group members across varied contexts that systematically varied in their costs and benefits. A total of 69 children aged 4 to 7 years played three versions of a sticker-hiding game: a Self-Benefit scenario (child could lie for personal gain), an Other-Benefit scenario (child could lie to help someone else), and a No-Benefit scenario (child could lie to spite someone else). Children lied the most in the Self-Benefit scenario, lying equally to in-group and out-group members in this context. When the potential for self-gain disappeared, however, in-group bias emerged. In the Other-Benefit scenario, children lied more to out-group members in order to help in-group members. Even when the potential to help another was removed (the No-Benefit scenario), children still engaged in more lie telling to out-group members. Results suggest that children’s lying is sensitive to group membership, but only in certain social situations, as children’s desire to benefit themselves may outweigh in-group bias. Future research should examine alternate contexts, such as lying to avoid punishment, to determine when group membership is most salient. Overall, results indicate that young children are able to flexibly apply a complex social cognitive skill based on group membership and contextual demands, with implications for social behavior and intergroup relations throughout development.
A study on avalanches of early age basalt fiber reinforced concrete beams during flexure

Abstract In this work, stress variations during flexure of early age basalt fiber reinforced concrete beams were studied using high resolution temporal measurements. An experimental system was created to collect stress-time curves at 100 kHz sampling rate so that temporal profiles of stress variations were analyzed in detail. Stress drops were modeled as avalanches resulting from interactions between basalt fibers and cementitious matrices. Four-point bending tests at different loading rates were conducted to investigate avalanches during flexure of beams with different fiber volume fractions. Good agreement was obtained between measured avalanche statistics or dynamics and predictions from the mean field model. Different types of avalanches were detected during the flexure of basal fiber reinforced concrete beams, including avalanches with limited size and durations collapsed onto the scaling regime in the logarithmic scale, avalanches with an incubation period before stress drops beyond the scaling regime and giant avalanches occurred at the fracture of bottom concrete. Observations of different avalanche types disclosed the critical failure evolution during flexure of basalt fiber reinforced beams, which could lead to the creation of durable ecofriendly fiber-reinforced concrete structures.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of TCR-Vβ Expression in the Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Involvement by T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Molecular genetic T-cell receptor (TCR) and flow cytometric analysis using antibodies to conventional T-cell antigens and TCR β-chain variable region families (TCR-Vβ) were performed in 65 peripheral blood specimens evaluated for potential involvement by a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (TCLPD). A normal or reactive conventional T-cell immunophenotype was present in 36 cases; TCR-Vβ flow cytometric and molecular TCR analyses were negative for clonality in 32 and 27 of these cases, respectively. In the remaining normal and reactive cases, one or both methods seemed to detect dominant cell populations in settings with limited T-cell diversity. We identified 29 TCLPDs; all studied cases had clonal molecular TCR results; 23 TCLPDs had clonal TCR-Vβ flow cytometric results; the remaining were suggestive of (n = 3) or negative (n = 3) for clonality. TCR-Vβ flow cytometric analysis is a powerful clinical laboratory tool that can be used to aid in the rapid diagnosis of peripheral blood involvement by T-cell malignant neoplasms.
Characterizing the contribution of high temperatures to child undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Despite improvements to global economic conditions, child undernourishment has increased in recent years, with approximately 7.5% of children suffering from wasting. Climate change is expected to worsen food insecurity and increase potential threats to nutrition, particularly in low-income and lower-middle income countries where the majority of undernourished children live. We combine anthropometric data for 192,000 children from 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with historical climate data to directly estimate the effect of temperature on key malnutrition outcomes. We first document a strong negative relationship between child weight and average temperature across regions. We then exploit variation in weather conditions to statistically identify the effects of increased temperatures over multiple time scales on child nutrition. Increased temperatures in the month of survey, year leading up to survey and child lifetime lead to meaningful declines in acute measures of child nutrition. We find that the lifetime-scale effects explain most of the region-level negative relationship between weight and temperature, indicating that high temperatures may be a constraint on child nutrition. We use CMIP5 local temperature projections to project the impact of future warming, and find substantial increases in malnutrition depending on location: western Africa would see a 37% increase in the prevalence of wasting by 2100, and central and eastern Africa 25%.
Development and Validation of a Short Form of the College-Going Self-Efficacy Scale

Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent et al., 1994) is a useful framework for understanding educational attainment and reducing educational inequities. A key construct for middle and high school students is college-going self-efficacy. The College-Going Self-Efficacy Scale (CGSES; Gibbons & Borders, 2010a) has been used to measure secondary students' confidence in their abilities to attend and persist in post-secondary education, but with 30-items, it may be too lengthy for use with other measures in SCCT-grounded research in school settings. Using two independent samples of rural Appalachian high school students, we develop and validate the College-Going Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (CGSES-SF). This 14-item measure retains the full breadth of content from the original CGSES, demonstrates measurement equivalence across gender and prospective college generation status, and demonstrates good reliability and validity in these samples. Suggestions for future use of the CGSES-SF are provided.
Corrigendum: Novel Porcine Model of Coronary Dissection Reveals the Impact of Impella on Dissected Coronary Arterial Hemodynamics.

Background: Coronary artery dissection (CAD) sometimes accompanies unstable hemodynamics and requires mechanical cardiac support. Meanwhile, mechanical cardiac support may influence coronary hemodynamics in CAD. No study has examined the impact of Impella left ventricular (LV) support on CAD. Materials and Methods: CAD was induced in eight Yorkshire pigs by injuring the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using a 0.018-in. stiff guidewire and/or deep engagement of a blunt-cut coronary guiding catheter. After the creation of CAD, hemodynamic parameters, coronary pressure, and flow as well as coronary angiograms were acquired before and after maximum LV support using the Impella CP. Result: CADs with a large flap were successfully created by deep engagement of a blunt-tip guiding catheter with forceful contrast injection. One animal (#8) exhibited thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-1 flow, while the others (animals #1-#7) showed TIMI-2/3 flow. In TIMI-2/3 animals, maximal Impella support increased mean coronary pressure (108.4 ± 22.5 to 124.7 ± 28.0 mmHg, P < 0.001) with unchanged mean coronary flow velocity (63.50 ± 28.66 to 48.32 ± 13.30 cm/s, P = 0.17) of the LAD distal to the dissection. The LV end-diastolic pressure (20.6 ± 6.6 vs. 12.0 ± 3.4 mmHg, P = 0.032), LV end-diastolic volume (127 ± 32 vs. 97 ± 26 ml, P = 0.015), stroke volume (68 ± 16 vs. 48 ± 14 ml, P = 0.003), stroke work (5,744 ± 1,866 vs. 4,424 ± 1,650 mmHg·ml, P = 0.003), and heart rate (71.4 ± 6.6 vs. 64.9 ± 9.3/min, P = 0.014) were all significantly reduced by Impella support, indicating effective unloading of the LV. In the TIMI-1 animal (animal #8), maximal Impella support resulted in further delay in angiographic coronary flow and reduced distal coronary pressure (22.9-17.1 mmHg), together with increased false-lumen pressure. Conclusion: Impella support effectively unloaded the LV and maintained the hemodynamics in a novel porcine model of CAD. Coronary pressure distal to the dissection was increased in TIMI-2/3 animals after Impella support but decreased in the animal with initial TIMI-1 flow.
Magnetic anisotropic colloids in nematic liquid crystals: Fluctuating dynamics simulated by multi-particle collision dynamics

Elongated colloids with a permanent magnetic moment and immersed in a nematic liquid crystal are studied numerically using a mesoscopic scheme that supports fluctuations, hydrodynamics, and topolog...
Neuroscience Missing in Action.

Bianchi and colleagues have written an important article that proposes a harm reduction approach (Bianchi, Stanley, and Sutandar 2021) to eating disorders that mediates the ethical tension in the l...