cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curative Effect Observation on Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy in the Treatment of Neonatal Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

Objective To observe the clinical effect of continuous inhaled nitric oxide therapy in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Methods 46 cases of patients with neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension were selected in our hospital from August,2012 to August, 2014,they were treated using NO as the observation group, another 32 cases of PPHN in children without the use of NO treatment were used as control group, 46 cases in observation group were monitoring calculation before, after inhalation inhalation after inhalation of 30 min, 12~24 h after inhalation mean airway 36~72h and 12 h after cessation of pressure(MAP), arterial partial pressure of oxygen(Pa O2), arterial catheter before and after the corresponding parts(right upper and left lower limb) of the transcutaneous oxygen saturation(Tc Sa O2) and pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) and other related indicators, and clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients were compared. Results The observation group with the NO inhalation in arterial partial pressure of oxygen(Pa O2), arterial catheter before and after the corresponding position(right upper and left lower limb) of the transcutaneous oxygen saturation(Tc Sa O2) were significantly increased after inhalation of 30 min, showed significant difference(P0.05), and the suction before and mean airway pressure(MAP) pressure and pulmonary artery(PAP) began to decline rapidly,and with the extension of suction time, each index continuously improved, until the discontinuation of 12 h, keep the good therapeutic effect can be. In the observation group with 28 cases were cured, 11 cases improved, the total effective rate was 84.8%,control group 19 cases were cured patients, 7 cases were improved and the efficiency is 81.2%, the difference was not significant between the groups(P 0.05). Conclusion NO inhalation therapy in the treatment of PPHN have quick effect, and good effect,which have less side effect and high safety, It can be generalized as the preferred method for the clinical treatment of PPHN.
Sustainable Production of Marigold and Calibrachoa with Organic Fertilizers

Experiments were conducted to evaluate organic fertilizers in production of greenhouse-grown calibrachoa (Calibrachoa 3hybrida Llave & Lex) and marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and nitrogen (N) leaching from containers during production. Calibrachoa was grown with five fertilizer treatments: one chemical, one organic-based, and three organic (liquid fish, oilseed extract, and a combination of oilseed extract and liquid fish). Marigold was grown with seven fertilizer treatments: one chemical and three organic(liquidfish, oilseedextract, and alfalfa pellets)usedeitheraloneor in combination. Chemicalororganic-basedfertilizersproducedthebestqualitycalibrachoabasedonplant appearance and size. Liquid fish fertilizer produced healthy plants but smaller plants than those grown with chemical or organic-based fertilizers. Plants grown with oilseed extract were stunted and showed chlorosis. If oilseed extract was combined with liquid fish, the plantsweresimilartothosegrownwiththechemicalororganic-basedfertilizersinsizeand quality. Chemical or liquid fish fertilizers produced the highest quality marigold based on plant appearance. Plants fertilized with alfalfa pellets were sparse and pale green. Oilseed extract produced the poorest growth and quality. If oilseed extract was combined with liquid fish or alfalfa, marigold plants were close in size and development to chemical- fertilized plants without nutrient deficiency and with some enhancement of nutrient levels in the leaves. The combination of alfalfa and liquid fish produced similar results. The highest N leaching resulted from plants fertilized by liquid fish, mostly in the form of ammoniumnitrogen(NH4-N).Combiningliquidfishwithalfalfaoroilseedextractreduced the amount of N leached from the pots. The results suggest that organic fertilizers can be used successfully to grow commercial greenhouse crops but should be combined for good plant quality and environmental sustainability.
Language and Ego Function of Young Psychotic Children

The task of describing the origin and roots of one’s research activities demands a change of observational stance, which disrupts the usual distance of the investigator from his work. The disruption may stimulate anxiety similar to that evoked within psychoanalysis when the observing ego takes the self as its object. All the intellectual comfort in working at a distance on a presumably external object becomes under the new scrutiny at once self-conscious and awkward. The new circumstance holds a presentiment of arousing even more archaic fantasies, which are themselves the likely precursors to scientific investigation. While this is troublesome, it may also have its purpose and reward, for it is an opportunity to see anew the narcissistic contribution to one’s scientific work and to renew a dim surmise that our research conforms to a pattern closely related to the ground substance of our mental organization and conflicts. The patterns of our archaic fantasies are the “root stuff” of our sublimated activities, which our egos classify as contributing, creative, and in the image of our ego ideals and actual teachers.
Structural Analysis of Spreading Processes from Ego-Nets

Abstract: We study how the behavior of viral spreading processes is influenced by local structural properties of the network over which they propagate. For a wide variety of spreading processes, the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of the network plays a key role on their global dynamical behavior. For many real-world large-scale networks, it is unfeasible to exactly retrieve the complete network structure to compute its largest eigenvalue. Instead, one usually have access to myopic, egocentric views of the network structure, also called egonets . In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework, based on algebraic graph theory and convex optimization, to study how local structural properties of the network constrain the interval of possible values in which the largest eigenvalue must lie. Based on this framework, we present a computationally efficient approach to find this interval from a collection of egonets. Our numerical simulations show that, for several social and communication networks, local structural properties of the network strongly constrain the location of the largest eigenvalue and the resulting spreading dynamics. From a practical point of view, our results can be used to dictate immunization strategies to tame the spreading of a virus, or to design network topologies that facilitate the spreading of information virally.
Effect of school wellness policies and the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act on food-consumption behaviors of students, 2006-2016: a systematic review.

Context Federal regulation mandates that the US National School Lunch Program nutrition standards align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. As students consume a substantial proportion of their nutrition during school lunch, increasing access to healthy foods is proposed to improve student dietary outcomes. The purpose of this review is to assess whether policy changes impacted food-consumption behaviors of students during periods when (1) school wellness policies were implemented (2006-2007); (2) the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act was passed (2010-2012); and (3) the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act was implemented (2012-present). PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched for primary research studies. Policy evaluations and interventions implemented from 2006 to 2016 were included. A total of 31 studies evaluating plate waste, dietary intake, food selection, and/or purchasing patterns were identified and reviewed. Fourteen of 19 intervention and longitudinal observation studies reported improved food-consumption behaviors (increased selection, intake, and sales of healthy foods, and decreased plate waste). Only 2 of 12 one-time observation studies reported food-consumption behaviors meeting target nutrition standards. The majority of studies indicated that increasing access to healthy foods during school lunch improved students' dietary intakes. Challenges related to study design, adaptation period, quality of foods, and policy implementation likely affect a school lunch program's ability to impact students' food-consumption behaviors. Ongoing evaluation of these programs is warranted.
A general CFD framework for fault-resilient simulations based on multi-resolution information fusion

Abstract We develop a general CFD framework for multi-resolution simulations to target multiscale problems but also resilience in exascale simulations, where faulty processors may lead to gappy, in space-time, simulated fields. We combine approximation theory and domain decomposition together with statistical learning techniques, e.g. coKriging, to estimate boundary conditions and minimize communications by performing independent parallel runs. To demonstrate this new simulation approach, we consider two benchmark problems. First, we solve the heat equation (a) on a small number of spatial “patches” distributed across the domain, simulated by finite differences at fine resolution and (b) on the entire domain simulated at very low resolution, thus fusing multi-resolution models to obtain the final answer. Second, we simulate the flow in a lid-driven cavity in an analogous fashion, by fusing finite difference solutions obtained with fine and low resolution assuming gappy data sets. We investigate the influence of various parameters for this framework, including the correlation kernel, the size of a buffer employed in estimating boundary conditions, the coarseness of the resolution of auxiliary data, and the communication frequency across different patches in fusing the information at different resolution levels. In addition to its robustness and resilience, the new framework can be employed to generalize previous multiscale approaches involving heterogeneous discretizations or even fundamentally different flow descriptions, e.g. in continuum-atomistic simulations.
Qualitative evaluation of a physical activity health promotion programme for people with intellectual disabilities in a group home setting.

Background There is a lack of health promotion programming designed to change the physical activity environment of the group home setting. The Menu-Choice programme assists staff in creating physical activity goals alongside residents with intellectual disabilities and provides strategies to incorporate activity into the group home schedule. The purpose of this study was to complete a process evaluation of Menu-Choice utilizing qualitative methods. Methods Twelve participants, who completed a 10-week pilot intervention (n = 7 staff, mean age 42; n = 5 residents, mean age 52), participated in face-to-face interviews. Participants represented five group home sites involved in the intervention. Results Meta-themes included: (i) Programme training, (ii) Programme implementation, (iii) Programme physical activity, (iv) Programme barriers, (v) Programme facilitators and (vi) Programme feedback. Conclusions Changes in programme training and simplified programme materials are needed to accommodate identified barriers for implementation. The importance of obtaining increased agency support and policy change is highlighted.
El tratado médico-culinario como género de ficción en la narrativa hispanoamericana actual: Héctor Abad Faciolince y Mayra Santos-Febres

Este ensayo ofrece, tomando como marco teorico la llamada gastrocritica, un recorrido historicista por los tratados medico-culinarios clasicos y medievales para analizar la influencia de estos en Tratado de culinaria para mujeres tristes de Hector Abad Faciolince y en Tratado de medicina natural para hombres melancolicos de Mayra Santos-Febres. Se situa asi a ambos escritores como evocadores o imitadores de la tradicion secular del tratadismo medico y culinario haciendo enfasis en la necesidad de poner en relacion periodos aparentemente inconexos para un analisis literario mas provechoso. Palabras clave: gastrocritica, tratadismo culinario, novela hispanoamericana Using the theoretical framework of gastrocriticism, this essay traces a historicist route through classic and medieval medical-culinary treatises to analyze their influence on Hector Abad Faciolince’s Tratado de culinaria para mujeres tristes and Mayra Santos-Febres’ Tratado de medicina natural para hombres melancolicos. Both writers evoke or imitate the secular tradition of medical and culinary treatises; an analysis of these contemporary authors through the lens of works from an earlier era emphasizes the possibilities for literary criticism that identifies intersections of thought across various periods. Keywords: gastrocriticism, culinary treatises, Spanish American novel
Cost Effectiveness of Intraoperative Gross Examination in Colorectal Resections: A Retrospective Review of 200 Consecutive Cases

Context.— Intraoperative pathology consultation is an important tool for many surgical procedures and is deemed appropriate when the pathology result immediately alters surgical management. Objective.— To evaluate the utility of intraoperative gross examinations of colorectal resections and to better understand the associated costs. Design.— The pathology database of our institution was searched for colorectal resections for primary disease, and those cases were separated into 3 categories: frozen section performed, intraoperative gross examination performed, and no intraoperative consultation. We reviewed 270 cases during a 15-month period. Results.— Of the 270 cases, 200 (74.1%) had an intraoperative gross examination. In 34 of the 200 cases (17%), additional specimens were taken and, therefore, required operative note review to ascertain whether the additional specimens taken were based on the findings from the intraoperative gross examination. After reviewing the operative notes for those 34 cases, no...
Application of rapidly swept external cavity quantum cascade lasers for open-path and standoff chemical sensing

Rapidly-swept external-cavity quantum cascade lasers (swept-ECQCLs) provide the broad IR spectral coverage and high spectral brightness required for sensitive multi-chemical standoff detection. The laser source characteristics of swept- ECQCLs can be applied to a variety of standoff applications where gas-phase chemical species concentrations are changing rapidly in time. Some of these applications include standoff measurements in turbulent or chemically reactive plumes, monitoring of industrial emissions from stacks, and real-time monitoring of combustion processes. We have demonstrated and characterized a swept-ECQCL design that is capable of broadband spectral acquisition (~100 cm-1) at a 5 ms acquisition rate with a high spectral resolution (<0.2 cm-1). Laser systems based on this swept-ECQCL design have been applied to open-path and standoff measurements in turbulent and reactive chemical plumes of time-varying chemical and isotopic composition. Chemical plume studies have demonstrated the capability of this technology for open-path and standoff chemical sensing applications. In this talk we will present our current progress on the development and application of swept-ECQCL technology for sensitive and rapid multi-chemical open-path measurements in MeOD/MeOH plumes with time-varying isotopic composition at a 40 Hz rate. Preliminary results will also be provided for a 5 m standoff detection of hot CO and CO2 in a turbulent flame using a rapidly-swept mode-hop free (MHF) ECQCL design that is capable of collecting 1-2 cm-1 MHF spectral windows at an acquisition rate of 1 kHz with a spectral resolution of ~0.001 cm-1.
Episodic Syndromes that May Be Associated with Migraine, Pediatric Tension-type Headache, Chronic Daily Headache Syndromes in Children and Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

This chapter reviews the evaluation and diagnosis of children and adolescents who present with episodic migraine and its subtypes. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, third is used to describe the pediatric and migraine equivalents.
Integrating palliative care with disease-modifying therapy.

Palliative care services are most beneficial to the patient, family, and care team when they are integrated early in the disease course.
PET/CT for Interventional Use

We believe that image-guided therapy is slowly but surely moving into a new phase: molecular imaging (MI)-guided therapy. MI-guided surgeries and interventions require validated MI imaging agents, and the presence of a PET/CT system in the AMIGO suite gives us a unique platform for in vivo human validation of these agents, at present primarily for brain and prostate cancer but eventually for other malignancies. Multiple pathological samples from open brain surgery or prostate biopsies will be acquired and compared to PET data from corresponding image locations. Very precise mapping of sampling sites to image locations will be possible. This capability will make possible the much-needed translational steps for the validation of new tumor localizing and characterizing MI agents. Accurately defined tumor extent can guide the radiologist or interventional radiologist to achieve full or maximal resection or ablation. Using this technology, physicians can localize and target viable tumor tissue before the procedures and ensure the complete removal or destruction of tumors by visualizing any residual cancer tissue before concluding the procedure. The combined use of MRI and CT with PET enables clinicians to integrate anatomical, functional, and metabolic information to guide their decision-making during tumor resections and percutaneous thermal ablations.
Characterization of SiGe and SiGeGaP thermoelements

Abstract Polycrystalline p-type (boron-doped) and n-type (phosphorus-doped) SiGe and SiGeGaP alloys were characterized for their grain size morphology, alloy homogeneity, presence of precipitates and dislocation density. The diagnostic techniques included optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy with both SEM and TEM. Both the binary and the ternary alloys exhibit a mottled grain structure consisting of fine grains (0–0.3 μm) and coarse grains (up to 30 μm). This heterogeneous grain structure is most pronounced in the ternary SiGeGaP alloys. Significant variations were observed in the silicon and germanium contents within a grain, particularly in the doped SiGe alloys. The amount of GaP in solution in the p-type boron-doped ternary alloy did not exceed 0.3%. The microstructure of the SiGeGaP alloys showed the presence of very small precipitates at the boundaries of the fine grains. Phonon-grain boundary scattering due to the fine (0.1–0.3 μm) grain structure and enhanced by the presence of precipitates at the boundaries of these grains could account for the reported higher thermal resistivity of the doped SiGeGaP alloys as compared with the doped SiGe alloys as well as the zone-leveled SiGe alloys. The density of dislocations observed by TEM within the grains varied in the range 10 8 –10 9 cm −2 for both the doped binary and the doped ternary alloys. Thus, this structural defect is not considered a significant factor as regards differences in the thermal resistivities of these alloys.
Rapid Implementation of an Outpatient Multidisciplinary Advanced Heart Failure Team in a Tertiary Academic Medical Center

Introduction Unplanned readmissions remain a significant problem for patients with advanced heart failure. The rising cost of healthcare has placed an emphasis on preventing readmissions in this patient population. It has been demonstrated that patients referred to a heart failure disease management program after discharge have lower relative readmission rates. Limited information exists describing the structure and impact of these programs at a tertiary medical center. The purpose of this study is to describe the process for implementing a multidisciplinary advanced heart failure team and its impact on 30-day readmission rates. Implementation of a multidisciplinary advanced heart failure team in a tertiary medical center affords more patients the opportunity to connect with heart failure-trained providers after discharge from the hospital, resulting in significantly fewer 30-day readmissions. Methods A single-center, retrospective electronic medical review was conducted of all patients discharged between January 2016 and December 2017 with an admitting diagnosis of heart failure. Readmissions to the hospital were classified by age, readmission diagnosis, discharging service specialty, discharge location, and time to readmission. The primary outcome was change in 30-day all-cause readmissions after implementation of our multidisciplinary advanced heart failure team. Secondary endpoints included change in 30-day heart failure-related readmissions and percentage of patients who followed up with the advanced heart failure multidisciplinary team. Results The advanced heart failure multidisciplinary team was implemented in September 2017 and consisted of a heart failure-trained dietitian, pharmacist, nurse, and cardiologist. Patients were scheduled to see each member of the multidisciplinary team at their follow-up visit within seven days of discharge. A total of 1,009 patients were discharged from the hospital with a primary diagnosis of heart failure during the study period, with an overall all-cause 30-day readmission rate of 18.4 percent. The number of patients seen per day by our team doubled from five to 10 between September and November. The percentage of patients seen within seven days of discharge increased from 42 percent in September to 78 percent in November. Implementation of a multidisciplinary advanced heart failure team reduced the primary outcome by 3.8 percent. Conclusions Rapid implementation of a multidisciplinary advanced heart failure team resulted in a higher percentage of patients seen in clinic within a week of discharge as well as a reduction in 30-day readmissions.
Hp and Autonomy: Who's Accountable?

Written using public sources, this case uses Hewlett-Packard's (HP) purchase of Autonomy Corporation (Autonomy) to analyze the accounting treatment for the acquisition and subsequent goodwill impairment. While the case focuses on the accounting for mergers and acquisitions, it also provides for a variety of other discussion topics such as the effect of managerial incentives and CEO succession on accounting outcomes, managerial “spin” on disclosure of bad news, strategy in changing institutional environments, and financial reporting limitations of new economy firms with heavy investments in intangible assets.The case opens during the fall of 2011 (when HP purchased Autonomy). Some analysts applauded the shift in strategy that the Autonomy purchase signaled for HP. Others were unsure how Autonomy's cloud computing software fit HP's businesses. From there, events at HP suggested a sense of division and frustration between HP leadership, the board, and Autonomy executives. The board replaced HP CEO Leo Apotheker with Meg Whitman. For the next few quarters, Autonomy missed expected results, and by May 2012, HP removed Autonomy's CEO Michael Lynch. Shortly after, HP announced an impairment charge of $8.8 billion related to the Autonomy acquisition, driving the company to report a loss for the year, the first in 10 years. The HP disclosure emphasized the Autonomy acquisition (which occurred prior to Whitman's tenure as CEO) and accused Lynch and Autonomy executives of cooking the books to inflate the purchase price. However, analysis of the financial statements and related footnote disclosures reveal that this $8.8 billion was less than half the $18 billion total impairment that HP recorded in 2012. Excerpt UVA-C-2408 Rev. Jul. 19 2018 HP and Autonomy: Who's Accountable? In the fall of 2011, Hewlett-Packard (HP) purchased Autonomy Corporation (Autonomy), a British software leader in processing, managing, and delivering unstructured information for real-time analysis. Some analysts applauded the shift in strategy that the Autonomy purchase signaled for HP. “Given lackluster growth in PCs long term and increasing trends towards data and analytics,” Credit Suisse analysts wrote, “the transformation is necessary.” Others on the street were unsure how Autonomy's cloud computing software fit HP's businesses, and were less positive following the acquisition announcement and ensuing HP's stock price decline of 20%. Meanwhile, Autonomy's stock bumped up 79% following the announcement (see Exhibit1). . . .
Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality: Concepts and Applications

In a reflective survey of psychology and religion, Fraser Watts, psychologist, theologian, and Anglican priest, has produced a remarkable book. It is a highly selective and focused assessment of wh...
Surgical Options for Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence rates have been steadily increasing over the past several decades, and this has been largely attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related OPSCC. The rise of HPV-related OPSCC and the observed distinct survival advantage it offers compared to HPV-unrelated OPSCC have resulted in the development of a new staging system specifically for OPSCC in the eighth edition of the AJCC Staging Manual for head and neck cancer. The observations on HPV-related OPSCC and its prognostic implications have coincided with increasing utilization of transoral surgical approaches to oropharyngeal tumors, such as transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS). These approaches were once thought to only be applicable to patients with low T-stage OPSCC tumors; however, they are being increasingly utilized in locally advanced OPSCC cases as several studies have shown that both of these transoral approaches are oncologically sound alternatives to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT), which was previously the standard-of-choice treatment in patients with locally advanced disease. Moreover, these transoral approaches have displayed better long-term swallowing outcomes compared to CCRT, as severe dysphagia is often the most bothersome functional impairment to OPSCC survivors who have undergone CCRT. While open surgical approaches were previously not utilized in the locally advanced OPSCC setting due to the risk of severe surgical complications compared to the potential benefits of organ preservation with CCRT and comparable survival rates after either treatment regimen, these approaches are still reasonable options for select patients in the salvage surgery setting, as they allow for maximum exposure to the deep oropharyngeal anatomy. Data from multiple clinical trials evaluating the potential for TORS to de-escalate radiation dose or CCRT regimen in certain settings will inform clinical decision-making for OPSCC patients for the next decade and allow for more personalized treatments tailored to an individual patient’s disease burden.
Limnological Systems: Damn Dams!

The initial premise of this book was based on reading a 1996 news article identifying the impact of dams slowing the Earth’s rotation (Browne 1996). As hard as this phenomenon is to comprehend, after a short introduction to freshwater eco-systems and human ecology, the impact will be even more significant. Clean freshwater is essential for human existence. However, more humans are heavily dependent on large quantities of water to support the ever-demanding qualities of water for food and services (Gleick et al. 2002). In 1974, Pirages and Ehrlich noted that the production of a pound of grain requires from 60 to 225 gallons of water. A pound of meat can require anywhere from 2,500 to 6,000 gallons, and more consumption is required in the industry where approximately 100,000 gallons are needed to manufacture a single automobile. After almost 45 years, these freshwater quantities have not diminished.
A Deep Learning Approach to Modeling a Complex Multi-variate, Temporal Thermal Problem

We propose an engine oil and coolant thermal forecasting technique based on recurrent neural networks trained with a recursive loop on time-dependent experimental vehicle test data. This loop allows the network to be trained with its predictions thereby greatly increasing thermal model predictive accuracy. Additionally, a sliding window data augmentation technique was applied due to the limited amount of data available. This technique greatly model prediction increased accuracy by augmenting the limited data available.
Comparing Longitudinal Sarcopenia Trends by Definitions Across Men and Women After Hip Fracture

OBJECTIVES While sarcopenia is prevalent after hip fracture in the acute postfracture period, little is known about the prevalence after discharge. This study assessed longitudinal trends in sarcopenia prevalence over 12 months after hip fracture using three different operational definitions. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Baltimore Hip Studies seventh cohort. PARTICIPANTS A total of 82 men and 78 women, aged 65 years and older, with surgical repair of a nonpathological hip fracture. MEASUREMENTS Baseline assessment included a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and interview. Follow-up assessments, which additionally included performance measures, occurred 2, 6, and 12 months after admission. Using these measures, three sarcopenia definitions were assessed over the year following hip fracture: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH). RESULTS EWGSOP and IWGS provided the highest prevalence of sarcopenia (62%-69% in men, 42%-62% in women), while prevalence by FNIH was much lower for men (15%-19%) and women (5%-12%). For both men and women, the agreement between EWGSOP and IWGS definitions was excellent, and FNIH showed poor agreement with them, supported by various statistical measures across first-year follow-up. Prevalence was stable over time in men by all definitions, while the prevalence in women by FNIH was lowest at 2 months, significantly increased at 6 months (P = .03), and remained higher at 12 months. Whether sarcopenia prevalence differed significantly by sex varied by time point and definition; however, when different, men had a higher prevalence than women (P < .05). While some participants recovered from sarcopenia over time, some also became newly sarcopenic. CONCLUSION The prevalence of sarcopenia after fracture differed greatly for EWGSOP and IWGS compared to FNIH. Overall, there appeared to be no reduction in sarcopenia over the year after hip fracture, regardless of definition. Future research should examine the relationship between sarcopenia prevalence and functional recovery. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1537-1544, 2020.
3 – Beyond equilibrium

Publisher Summary Out-of-equilibrium phenomena played a role in the formation of the light elements during Big Bang nucleosynthesis, recombination of electrons and protons into neutral hydrogen when the temperature was of order 1/4 eV, and in production of dark matter in the early universe. Each of these three periods, for obvious reasons, is the subject of intense study by many different groups. Often these studies are carried out in parallel, without the link among the three mentioned. It is important to understand that all three phenomena are the result of non-equilibrium physics and that all three can be studied with the same formalism: the Boltzmann equation. This chapter introduces the Boltzmann equation and some approximations to it that are common to all three processes. The Boltzmann equation formalizes the statement that the rate of change in the abundance of a given particle is the difference between the rates for producing and eliminating that species.
Night and Fog: Are Bicameral States More Likely to Abuse Their Citizens?

Bicameralism, according to John Coakley and others, made a comeback at the end of the twentieth century — which according to some signaled a welcome addition to the arsenal of institutional structures protecting human rights. A well-established statistical test of significance however demonstrates that bicameral states are in fact more associated with human rights abuses than unicameral ones.
Inside the Push for Good Governance: Institutional Predictors of Administrative Transparency in Public Organizations:

Policy actors around the world perceive transparency as a means to achieve good governance. Research often focuses on the determinants of fiscal and economic transparency and gives less attention t...
Total elbow arthroplasty failures in loosely linked implants: is humeral component aseptic loosening more common than previously thought?

Abstract Background Despite improvement in implant design, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) failures remain a common occurrence with significant patient morbidity. Recent literature points to aseptic loosening as the most common cause of failure. However, investigations of the location of failure are conflicting, and most studies to date have been retrospective reports from single institutions. The aim of this study was to use a national database to investigate the distribution of TEA adverse events according to failure mode and location, with the hypothesis that the aseptic loosening would be the most common cause of TEA failure, and there would be no significant difference between rates of humeral-sided and ulnar-sided failures. Methods The US Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database is a federally mandated reporting system for implant failures. The MAUDE database was searched for TEA adverse event reports among all loosely linked TEA constructs from 2008 to 2019. TEA failure reports were individually analyzed for failure mode and categorized according to anatomic location. The chi-square test was used to statistically assess differences in categorical data between groups. Results A total of 869 TEA failure reports were included in this study. The most common mode of failure was aseptic loosening (26.8%) followed by component mechanical failure (23.9%), infection (16.1%), and periprosthetic fracture (11.5%). When evaluating TEA failure reports by anatomic location, the majority of aseptic loosening failures occurred at the humeral component as compared to the ulnar component (71.7% vs. 28.3%; P Conclusion TEA failure reports in the large and nationally representative FDA MAUDE database differed from what is represented in current literature, with higher rates of humeral component aseptic loosening than has been previously reported. Understanding TEA failure mechanisms will help direct future design and surgical technical improvements. Level of Evidence Level IV
Challenges and Lessons Learned From a Telehealth Community Paramedicine Program for the Prevention of Hypoglycemia: Pre-Post Pilot Feasibility Study

Background: Prevention through Intervention is a community paramedicine program developed by Birmingham Fire and Rescue Services in Alabama. This program aims to reduce dependency on emergency medical services (EMS) for nonemergency-related events through education and to lower the frequency of emergency calls in underserved populations. A telehealth intervention with an emphasis on hypoglycemia was implemented to (1) tailor the intervention to meet the educational needs of participants and (2) facilitate follow-ups. A pre-post pilot feasibility evaluation of the telehealth intervention was conducted. Objective: This paper describes the results of the feasibility evaluation, implementation challenges, and the lessons learned about the deployment of a hypoglycemia prevention program in an underserved area and its evaluation. Methods: This single-arm pretest-posttest intervention included (1) an initial in-person visit (week 1), (2) 3 weekly telecoaching calls (weeks 2-4), (3) 1 biweekly call (week 6), and (4) a final in-person visit (week 8) for collecting posttest data from individuals who called EMS due to hypoglycemic events. In-person visits included educational sessions conducted by EMS personnel. Participants’ education included tailored content related to hypoglycemia. Weekly telecoaching calls focused on hypoglycemia symptom monitoring and education reinforcement via a telehealth dashboard. The primary measures focused on feasibility measures, and exploratory measures focused on the fear of hypoglycemia, self-efficacy, and a knowledge of diabetes. Results: A total of 40 participants participated in the intervention. However, the study was marred with high attrition. The various factors behind the low retention rate were discussed. There was a decreasing trend in all three subdomains of the fear of hypoglycemia from pretest to posttest. There was also a significant increase in participants’ self-efficacy in hypoglycemia self-management (P=.03). Conclusions: This study shows preliminary and promising results for a community-based intervention specifically for hypoglycemia. However, the socioeconomic setting in which the intervention was delivered may have resulted in high dropout rates and low attendance during the intervention, which are considerations for future telehealth studies. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03665870; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03665870
Evidence-informed and targeted public health interventions are required to reduce the broader behavioural health impact of loneliness and social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Commentary on : Bu, F, Steptoe, A, Fancourt, D. Loneliness during a strict lockdown: Trajectories and predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic in 38,217 United Kingdom adults. Soc Sci Med., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113521 The COVID-19 pandemic initiated a global lockdown and introduced social distancing policies limiting face-to-face activities and social interaction. With growing research on loneliness, and its associations with potential risk of mental illness, Bu et al examined the growth trajectories and predictors of loneliness during the pandemic …
Rate Controlled Sintering for Ceramics and Selected Powder Metals

After almost a quarter-century of research and development at NCSU, the process optimization method for densification of ceramics now known as Rate Controlled Sintering (RCS) has more-or-less ‘come of age’. For a wide range of ceramic materials, it has been found to provide an efficient and effective means for determining near-optimum (though typically non-linear) temperature-time pathways for densification. In doing so, it appears to beneficially influence and regulate the ‘path of morphological change,’ thereby facilitating refinement and control of final sintered micro­structures. More recently, it has also been found useful for the sintering of a special class of high-porosity metal compacts (e.g., those that have been formed by injection molding).
Humans and Humans+: Technological Enhancement and Criminal Responsibility

This article examines the implications our use of technological enhancements to improve our physical and/or cognitive abilities will necessarily have on the processes of imposing criminal responsibility on those who victimize others. It explains that while our use of such enhancements is still in its infancy, it is more than likely that their use will dramatically accelerate over the next century or less. The articles examines how law has historically approached the concept of a “legal person,” with reference to “normal” humans, “abnormal” humans, animals, objects, supernatural beings and juristic persons. It also reviews how two other authors have analyzed the general legal issues our use of enhancements and other technological advancements are likely to raise. The primary focus of the article, however, is on analyzing how criminal law will need to adapt once our world is populated by two classes of humans: Standard humans (basic Homo sapiens sapiens) and Enhanced humans (Homo sapiens sapiens whose native abilities have been augmented beyond the range of possibilities for their Standard brethren). I assume this very basic divergence between humans because it suffices for my analyses, and because I assume that creating a new species or subspecies of Homo sapiens sapiens is likely to be difficult and will therefore not eventuate in the near future.I use various scenarios, e.g., Standard perpetrator-Enhanced victim, Enhanced-perpetrator and Standard victim, to analyze how criminal law can, and should, adapt to a world in which all humans are not equal. I use statutory rape statutes as an example of law that is designed to protect a distinct and vulnerable class of humans, and speculate as to whether this approach could be extrapolated to Standard humans. I also explore the viability of extrapolating other, similar principles, such as vulnerable victims, into this context. And I briefly analyze the possibility that future law might address this situation by implementing a caste system to “protect” Standard humans from their superior counterparts. My goal is not to predict how future criminal law should deal with human enhancement but to note the likelihood that it will have to do so.
Review of recent full adders implemented in single electron technology

This paper reviews several full adder designs in single electron technology (SET). Different SET designs of full adders were introduced recently. In addition to the structure and size reported for these full adders, this paper also provides a quantitative comparison in terms of delay and power dissipation. This allows for a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. In addition, an improved FA design based on capacitive threshold logic gates are presented.
Valgus and varus deformity after wide-local excision, brachytherapy and external beam irradiation in two children with lower extremity synovial cell sarcoma: case report.

Background Limb-salvage is a primary objective in the management of extremity soft-tissue sarcoma in adults and children. Wide-local excision combined with radiation therapy is effective in achieving local tumor control with acceptable morbidity and good functional outcomes for most patients.
Adaptation and Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record

Few topics in functional morphology have been discussed as extensively with so little consensus as adaptation. Controversies swirl around both theoretical and methodological issues in the study of adaptation. Persistent questions concern definitions of adaptation, criteria for recognizing adaptations, and how to integrate phylogenetic and functional data. Here we review debates about how one identifies an adaptation, discuss recent developments in the study of adaptation, and focus on how these relate to our ability to reconstruct behavior in the fossil record. In keeping with the theme of this volume we will take our examples from the vast literature on primate functional anatomy, a resource that in many respects is more extensive and detailed than that for other orders of mammals. At the same time we will draw on the literature of other animals to introduce perspectives on the study of adaptation that have not been considered extensively by primatologists, but which hold considerable promise for future research.
SU‐E‐J‐36: Comparison of CBCT Image Quality for Manufacturer Default Imaging Modes

Purpose CBCT is being increasingly used in patient setup for radiotherapy. Often the manufacturer default scan modes are used for performing these CBCT scans with the assumption that they are the best options. To quantitatively assess the image quality of these scan modes, all of the scan modes were tested as well as options with the reconstruction algorithm. Methods A CatPhan 504 phantom was scanned on a TrueBeam Linear Accelerator using the manufacturer scan modes (FSRT Head, Head, Image Gently, Pelvis, Pelvis Obese, Spotlight, & Thorax). The Head mode scan was then reconstructed multiple times with all filter options (Smooth, Standard, Sharp, & Ultra Sharp) and all Ring Suppression options (Disabled, Weak, Medium, & Strong). An open source ImageJ tool was created for analyzing the CatPhan 504 images. Results The MTF curve was primarily dictated by the voxel size and the filter used in the reconstruction algorithm. The filters also impact the image noise. The CNR was worst for the Image Gently mode, followed by FSRT Head and Head. The sharper the filter, the worse the CNR. HU varied significantly between scan modes. Pelvis Obese had lower than expected HU values than most while the Image Gently mode had highermore » than expected HU values. If a therapist tried to use preset window and level settings, they would not show the desired tissue for some scan modes. Conclusion Knowing the image quality of the set scan modes, will enable users to better optimize their setup CBCT. Evaluation of the scan mode image quality could improve setup efficiency and lead to better treatment outcomes.« less
GLACIATION, CAUSES | Tectonic Uplift and Continental Configurations

Tectonic processes likely drive long-term (≫10 5 years) changes in the Earth's climate, leading to times of extreme warmth with ice-free poles (greenhouse times) and to times of extreme cold with massive continental ice sheets and polar ice caps (icehouse times). Important plate-tectonic processes that force climate change include volcanism and degassing of the Earth's interior; seafloor spreading and the associated sea-level changes; mountain building and uplift, and subduction resulting in changing rates of metamorphism and weathering, leading to changes in the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 ; latitudinal changes in the positions and the sizes of the continents; and oceanic circulation resulting from opening and closing of land bridges and seaways. Each of these sets of processes affects biogeochemical cycles to varying degrees, which in turn leads to changes in the composition of the oceans and atmosphere that help force climate change. Icehouse times, including the Oligocene–present, appear to have been mainly initiated as a result of the movement of continents into polar latitudes, and the opening and closing of oceanic low latitude gateways that changed global oceanic circulation from one with important circum-equatorial currents (greenhouse times) to one with inhibited circum-equatorial deepwater currents and more restricted oceanic gyres (icehouse times). The development of high mountains and plateaus, such as the Cenozoic uplift of Tibet, might also help drive the onset of icehouse times and ice ages.
Heterogeneity in Red Wine Polyphenolic Contents Differentially Influences Alzheimer's Disease-type Neuropathology and Cognitive Deterioration

We recently found that moderate consumption of two unrelated red wines generate from different grape species, a Cabernet Sauvignon and a muscadine wine that are characterized by distinct component composition of polyphenolic compounds, significantly attenuated the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type brain pathology and memory deterioration in a transgenic AD mouse model. Interestingly, our evidence suggests that the two red wines attenuated AD phenotypes through independent mechanisms. In particular, we previously found that treatment with Cabernet Sauvignon reduced the generation of AD-type amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. In contrast, evidence from our present study suggests that muscadine treatment attenuates Abeta neuropathology and Abeta-related cognitive deterioration in Tg2576 mice by interfering with the oligomerization of Abeta molecules to soluble high-molecular-weight Abeta oligomer species that are responsible for initiating a cascade of cellular events resulting in cognitive decline. Collectively, our observations suggest that distinct polyphenolic compounds from red wines may be bioavailable at the organism level and beneficially modulate AD phenotypes through multiple Abeta-related mechanisms. Results from these studies suggest the possibility of developing a "combination" of dietary polyphenolic compounds for AD prevention and/or therapy by modulating multiple Abeta-related mechanisms.