cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation of beads-on-a-string structures during break-up of viscoelastic filaments

Although the formation of beads on filaments of saliva drawn between two solid surfaces is familiar to most people, the precise mechanism responsible for such behaviour has been hotly debated. Simulations reveal that inertial effects play a pivotal role in this process.
SU-DD-A3-06: Fully Automated Internal Marker Tracking Algorithm for Cine EPID Images

Introduction: An electronic portal imaging device(EPID) in cine mode can be used for validating respiratory gating and stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) by tracking implanted fiducials. Manual tracking methods are time and labor intensive, limiting the utility of the validation. We have developed a fully automated algorithm to quickly and accurately extract the markers in EPIDimages and reconstruct their 3D positions. Materials and Methods: The markers were detected and recognized using an image processing algorithm based on the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter. To reduce false marker detection, a marker registration technique was applied using image intensity as well as the geometric spatial transformations between the reference marker positions produced from the projection of 3D CTimages and the estimated marker positions. An average marker position in 3D was reconstructed by backprojecting, towards the source, the position of each marker on the 2D image.Results: From phantom studies, spatial accuracies of <1 mm were achieved in both 2D and 3D marker locations. Using only the LoG algorithm, the marker detection success rate was 88.8%. However, adding the registration technique which utilizes prior CT information, the success rate was increased to 100%. In addition, we have examined the cases of 5 patients being treated under an SBRT protocol for hepatic metastases. The intrafractional tumor motion (3.1–11.3 mm) in the SI direction was measured using the 2D images. The interfractional patient setup errors (0.1–12.7 mm) in the SI, AP, and LR directions were obtained from the marker locations reconstructed in 3D and compared to the reference planning CTimage.Conclusions: The measured intrafractional tumor motion and the interfractional daily patient setup error can be used for off‐line retrospective verification of SBRT. This work was partially supported by a grant from Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
Insensitivity of factor V and factor Va to diisopropylfluorophosphate and antithrombin III

Bovine plasma Factor V and Factor Va, the latter prepared by thrombin or venom activator action on Factor V, are not inactivated by diisopropylfluorophosphate or antithrombin III nor do they form identifiable complexes with either of these reagents. On the basis of these data, it is concluded that bovine Factor V and Factor Va are not serine proteases.
The emotional health of the clergy

The health we seek is creative growth through all the relationships of life. We need an elastic concept of health, with a capacity to accept limitations and to do our best with these limitations in creative efforts to keep growing.We need to be aware of the particular hazards in this vocation, which may endanger the emotional health of the clergyman. Seeing these more clearly we can better prepare to cope with them.We must know to whom we belong, and learn to be at home with those persons and groups who become our living, working, and reciprocal community of outgoing care and forgiving love.If we can see emotional health as a dynamic process of ever-growing outreach and integration, we will value the stresses of our life and work. The pains as well as the joys contribute to the challenge and fulfillment of persons who grow through creative encounter with other persons.Continuing education will be needed for this crucial vocation of ministering to others, as it is in every serving profession where the complexities of life are so baffling. Academic courses and library study, though needed, will not suffice to prepare for effective work with other persons in face-to-face relations. There will be constant need for supervised evaluation of what we are and seek to become to others in the critical moments of meeting, listening, and responding as person to person in the ultimate concerns of our life in community.
Gas Path Sealing in Turbine Engines

A survey of gas path seals is presented with particular attention given to sealing clearance effects on engine component efficiency. The effects on compressor-pressure ratio and stall margin are pointed out. Various case-rotor relative displacements, which affect gas path seal clearances, are identified. Forces produced by nonuniform sealing clearances and their effect on rotor stability are discussed qualitatively, and recent work on turbine-blade-tip sealing for high temperatures is described. The need for active clearance control and for engine structural analysis is discussed. The functions of the internal-flow system and its seals are reviewed. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubrication Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 24–26, 1978.
Patch test verification of a triangular thin-shell element based on discrete Kirchhoff theory

A new curved triangular thin-shell finite element, based on nonconforming displacement fields, has demonstrated its effectiveness in a variety of numerical examples.8 The patch test is applied to that element in the present paper. The element formulation is outlined, the special characteristics of the patch test for curved thin-shell elements are described, and that test is performed for the conditions of the inextensional bending, membrane stretching and rigid body displacements. Excellent results are obtained for element subtending angles up to 16 degrees.
CRT-504 A Pilot Study of the Effect of Niacin on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure

Niacin, a compound primarily used for its lipid altering properties, has been shown to improve endothelial function with short term administration, via the release of prostaglandins. We hypothesized that via these effects, niacin could lead to reductions in pulmonary artery pressures. Pilot study
Unravelling the Size Sensing Mechanism in Budding Yeast

Cell size is a key property that fundamentally affects many cellular processes. Control of cell size is therefore essential and is achieved by coordinating cell growth with division. In budding yeast, this occurs at a size check-point for cell cycle progression within the G1 phase prior to DNA replication. Although extensive studies have identified several regulatory proteins that critically affect size control, the molecular mechanism that allows cells to measure their own size remains elusive. One major candidate for a size sensor is the unstable G1-cyclin Cln3, which during G1 triggers irreversible commitment to cell division. It has been proposed that budding yeast measures its size by titrating Cln3 against its DNA. In this model, Cln3 could either bind unspecific DNA and find its target via facilitated diffusion, or associate with specific DNA sequences. In both cases, Cln3 activity could increase with the number of molecules rather than the cellular concentration, which during cell growth remains constant. Using live-cell imaging techniques we aim to test whether it is indeed the number of Cln3 molecules that acts as metric for cell size. In addition, we present experiments that will help to separate the contributions of specific and unspecific titration effects, respectively.
Effects of wax bloom variation in Brassica oleracea on foraging by a vespid wasp.

Foraging by individual Polistes dominulus (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) was observed and compared on Brassica oleracea L. plants that differed in surface wax bloom. Twenty-six wasps, previously trained to forage on plants for 4th instar Trichoplusia ni (Walker), were presented in the greenhouse with mixtures of plants with normal wax bloom or genetically reduced wax bloom, and on which T. ni caterpillars had been placed. During foraging, the wasps were observed to slip significantly more frequently from the leaf surfaces of normal-wax bloom plants than from reduced-wax bloom plants (129 vs 63 occurrences) and to retrieve significantly fewer pieces of caterpillar after attack on normal-wax bloom plants (151 vs 223 pieces). Altogether the wasps retrieved 333 caterpillar pieces from reduced-wax bloom plants and 248 pieces from normal-wax bloom plants. Despite these differences, the number of caterpillars attacked and killed did not differ between the two wax bloom types (116 vs 121), nor did handling time for individual attacks (time from contact with prey until prey piece was carried to the nest) (170 ± 12.5 s vs 180 ± 10.5 s). Thus, in contrast with previous reports for smaller predators, wax bloom variation in B. oleracea did not influence the effectiveness of P. dominulus as a predator of T. ni.
AN ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE PREPARATION FROM A MEMBRANE-SARCOTUBULAR FRACTION OF GUINEA PIG HEART MUSCLE.

An adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was prepared from guinea pig heart muscle membranes. It was found to require magnesium for activity, and to be stimulated by the presence of sodium and potassium ions. The ATPase was partially inhibited by strophanthin at concentrations of the order of 10-6 M. The results confirm the observations of Auditore and Murray.5
Complexity of winning strategies

Rabin has given an example of a game with recursive rules but no recursive winning strategy. We show that such a game always has a hyperarithmetical winning strategy, but arbitrarily high levels of the hyperarithmetical hierarchy may be needed. We also exhibit a recursively enumerable game which has no hyperarithmetical winning strategy.
Clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangements and epstein‐barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease

In an initial survey of 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease, tissues from one case of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, a recurrence with numerous Reed-Sternberg cells, demonstrated faint heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Analysis of seven additional similar cases with extremely numerous Reed-Sternberg cells revealed that six of these seven cases contained clonally rearranged heavy- or light-chain genes. In addition, the original biopsy specimen from the index case (obtained two years prior to the recurrence) had the same pattern of rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes. In contrast, a germline configuration was observed for the β T cell receptor gene in all cases. These cases of Hodgkin's disease were also investigated for the presence of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) genomes by Southern and slot-blot DNA hybridization analysis. Tissues from four of the 21 case studied showed evidence of EBV DNA sequences. Uninvolved lymphoid tissue from two of the positive cases failed to demonstrate viral DNA. To assess clonality of the cells containing the EBV genomes, the tissues positive for EBV DNA were also hybridized with a restriction fragment probe for the terminal sequences of the EBV genome. By this analysis three of the four cases demonstrated a clonal population of EBV-infected cells.
Freshwater ecology: changes, requirements, and future demands

The past development and evolution of limnology as a discipline has demonstrated that experimentally controlled disturbances of parts of aquatic ecosystems are essential for quantitative evaluation of causal mechanisms governing their operation. Correlative analyses and modeling only establish hypotheses, not causality, and allow only therapeutic management applications. Rather than constantly searching for differences, commonality must be sought. Among the large diversity of species, communities, and biogeochemical processes controlling growth and reproduction, commonality emerges at the levels of regulation of metabolism. Five areas of current and future limnological research are discussed in relation to greatest needs and promise to yield insights into material and energy flows in freshwater ecosystems and their effective management: (1) coupled metabolic mutualism in the physiological ecology of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists) and their biogeochemical, especially organic, couplings with the environment; (2) biochemical regulation of collective metabolism, recycling, and bioavailability of nutrients and growth regulators; (3) application of genetic and molecular techniques to addressing biogeochemical, evolutionary, and pollution remediation problems; (4) recognition that the metabolism within lakes and streams is dependent upon and regulated to a major extent by organic matter of the drainage basin and especially by the land-water interface biogeochemistry; and (5) recognition that food-web alterations ("biomanipulation") are short-term, expensive therapeutic tools that may minimize effects of eutrophication but will not solve or control eutrophication.
Multichannel surface spark gaps

A study has been undertaken on high-pressure surface discharge switches potentially capable of moderate repetition rate operation. The parametric experiments reported were carried out utilizing the gaps as transfer switches, under pulse charging conditions, between several types of low-impedance transmission lines and a high-pressure rare-gas halide laser discharge, acting as the load. The effects of spark gap internal geometry, gas composition, and controlled changes in the laser load, upon gap multichanneling, closure simultaneity, and peak holdoff capability are discussed. These surface gaps, of length 66 cm, reliably close 19 channels per side (29 per meter) with a holdoff voltage greater than 120 kV and a closure simultaneity of ∼ 2 ns for the first 500 shots, increasing to ∼ 5 ns and remaining there for 10 000 shots, the test limit to date. Preliminary results at higher charging voltages have yielded intense multichanneling with holdoff voltages in excess of 210 kV.
Fertility and Hatchability as Influenced by Claw Removal of Broiler Breeder Males

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to compare the effects of claw removal of one-day broiler breeder males on fertility, hatchability, egg production, and mortality of the mated hens. Male treatments were: intact vs. index and back claws removed; back claws vs. back and index claws removed; intact vs. back claws removed in Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Claw removal sporadically affected fertility and hatchability. Egg production, feed consumption, and hen mortality were not affected by claw removal.
Classical quark statics

I review and update the ideas on classical quark statics developed in two previous papers, with an emphasis on the Euclidean spacetime formulation of the equilibrium field equations, and complete the calculation of the order-g/sup 2/ static qq-bar potential in a Prasad-Sommerfield background. This background field increases the order-g/sup 2/ potential, as compared with the Coulomb potential, indicating a focusing of color flux lines, but for widely separated quarks the focusing is not strong enough to give confinement. I briefly discuss the outlook for future developments within the classical framework.
Methyltransferases modulate RNA stability in embryonic stem cells

Emerging data support that RNA methylation plays important roles in RNA processing and metabolism. The methyltransferases Mettl3 and Mettl14 are shown to catalyse N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) RNA modification in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This m(6)A modification controls RNA metabolism and functions to destabilize mRNAs encoding developmental regulators to help sustain ESC self-renewal.
Kinetic energy release distribution in the fragmentation of energy-selected vinyl and ethyl bromide ions

The technique of threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (ce:simple-paraEPICO) has been used to determine the average kinetic energy release and the kinetic energy release distributions (KERDs) for bromine atom loss from vinyl bromide (C 2 H 3 Br + ) and ethyl bromide (C 5 Br + ) ions as a function of the parent-ion internal energy. The KERDs were compared with those predicted by the statistical theory as formulated by Klots. The KERDs for the vinyl bromide ion dissociation were found to have a statistical shape between 0 and 2 eV above the dissociation limit. On the other hand, the KERDs for the ethyl bromide ion dissociation were statistical only in the region of the ground electronic state. Ions prepared in the A¯ state have KERDs characteristic of a direct dissociation. This indicates that the direct dissociation rate is faster than the rate of radiationless transition to the ground electronic state.
Probabilistic alignment leads to improved accuracy and read coverage for bisulfite sequencing data.

DNA methylation has been linked to many important biological phenomena. Researchers have recently begun to sequence bisulfite treated DNA to determine its pattern of methylation. However, sequencing reads from bisulfite-converted DNA can vary significantly from the reference genome because of incomplete bisulfite conversion, genome variation, sequencing errors, and poor quality bases. Therefore, it is often difficult to align reads to the correct locations in the reference genome. Furthermore, bisulfite sequencing experiments have the additional complexity of having to estimate the DNA methylation levels within the sample. Here, we present a highly accurate probabilistic algorithm, which is an extension of the Genomic Next-generation Universal MAPper to accommodate bisulfite sequencing data (GNUMAP-bs), that addresses the computational problems associated with aligning bisulfite sequencing data to a reference genome. GNUMAP-bs integrates uncertainty from read and mapping qualities to help resolve the difference between poor quality bases and the ambiguity inherent in bisulfite conversion. We tested GNUMAP-bs and other commonly-used bisulfite alignment methods using both simulated and real bisulfite reads and found that GNUMAP-bs and other dynamic programming methods were more accurate than the more heuristic methods. The GNUMAP-bs aligner is a highly accurate alignment approach for processing the data from bisulfite sequencing experiments. The GNUMAP-bs algorithm is freely available for download at: http://dna.cs.byu.edu/gnumap . The software runs on multiple threads and multiple processors to increase the alignment speed.
Bcl-2 immunoreactive neurons are differentially distributed in subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus of the adult macaque.

The amygdala and hippocampus are key limbic structures of the temporal lobe, and are implicated in the pathology of mood disorders. Bcl-2, an intracellular protein, has recently been identified in the primate amygdala and hippocampus, and is now recognized as an intracellular target of mood stabilizing drugs. However, there are few data on the cellular phenotypes of bcl-2-expressing cells, or their distribution in specific subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus. We used a number of histochemical markers to define specific subregions of the primate amygdala and hippocampus, and examined phenotype-specific distributions of bcl-2 immunore-active cells within each subregion. Immature-appearing bcl-2 labeled neurons, which co-contain class III β-tubulin immuno-reactivity, are found in distinct subregions in each structure. In the amygdala, bcl-2 positive neurons with an immature morphology are densely distributed in the paralaminar nucleus and intercalated cell islands, the parvicellular basal nucleus, and the ventral periamygdaloid cortex and amygdalohippocampal area. In the hippocampus, immature-appearing bcl-2-labeled cells are confined to the polymorph layer (subgranular zone), and base of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. Well-differentiated neurons also express bcl-2. In the amygdala, labeled cells with mature phenotypes are concentrated in the parvicellular basal nucleus, the accessory basal nucleus, and the periamygdaloid cortex. The medial nucleus and central extended amygdala also contain many well-differentiated bcl-2 positive cells. In the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus and Ammon’s horn contain many bcl-2 immunoreactive nonpyramidal cells. These are preferentially distributed in the rostral hippocampus. CA3 and CA2 contain relatively higher concentrations of bcl-2-labeled cells than CA1 and the subiculum. Bcl-2 is thus important in intrinsic circuitry of the hippocampus, and in amygdaloid subregions modulated by the hippocampus. In addition, the extended amygdala, a key amygdaloid output, is richly endowed with bcl-2 positive cells. This distribution suggests a role for bcl-2 in circuits mediating emotional learning and memory which may be targets of mood stabilizing drugs.
Compartment syndrome after elective revascularization for chronic ischemia. A case report and review of the literature.

• Compartment syndrome is a rare but serious complication of vascular reconstruction. It most commonly occurs following revascularization of an acutely ischemic extremity. This case of compartmental syndrome following bypass surgery for chronic arterial insufficiency is therefore exceedingly unusual. A review of the literature reveals only a few cases with similar presentation. The diagnosis can usually be made on the basis of clinical manifestations combined with compartmental pressure measurement. A timely, four-compartment fasciotomy can avert serious complications with minimal morbidity. Late recognition and treatment of this complication, as well as inadequate decompression, can lead to loss of limb. (Arch Surg. 1992;127:865-866)
Improved flow cytometric detection of ZAP-70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using experimentally optimized isotypic control antibodies.

Introduction: Expression of ZAP-70 by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with more aggressive disease and can help differentiate CLL using mutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes (VH) from cases expressing unmutated VH genes. However, flow cytometric detection of ZAP-70 in CLL shows considerable variability and may be of questionable significance because most laboratories cannot correlate their results to clinical outcome or VH mutational data. Methods: Seventy cases of CLL were evaluated for ZAP-70 using a previously optimized staining procedure and two different methods to eliminate nonspecific background staining. One method, not previously reported, used isotypic control antibodies, where the concentrations were adjusted/optimized so that normal B-cells stained negatively for ZAP-70. The other used ZAP-70 stained peripheral blood B-cells from normal donors. The percentages of ZAP-70 stained CLL cells above the two thresholds were compared. Results: Concentrations of isotypic control antibodies had to be increased from manufacture's recommendations to insure normal B-cells were ZAP-70 negative. ZAP-70 levels among the CLL cases formed a bimodal distribution using the optimized isotypic control threshold, with 30 having low values (0–32% positive) and 40 high values (60–99% positive). In contrast, a continuous distribution was obtained with the ZAP-70 stained B-cell threshold. VH mutational status strongly correlated with the optimized control values as 29/30 low ZAP-70 cases had mutated VH genes and 37/40 high ZAP-70 cases used unmutated VH genes. Conclusions: Use of an optimized isotypic control threshold could increase the reliability of flow based ZAP-70 detection and correlates well with VH mutational status. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Non-linear damage accumulation in Au-irradiated SrTiO3

Abstract Ion-induced damage in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) has been investigated using 1.0 MeV Au ions at 150 K and room temperature. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry using 2.0 MeV He+ beam was carried out along the 〈1 0 0〉 direction to study crystalline damage and the accumulation behavior. Damage accumulation has been determined as the relative disorder on the Sr and Ti sublattices at the damage peak as a function of local dose. A disorder accumulation model has been fit to both the Sr and Ti damage accumulation data and contributions from the amorphous fraction and the crystalline disorder are discussed. The results indicate that defect-stimulated amorphization is the primary amorphization mechanism in SrTiO3. The sigmoidal behavior in damage accumulation leads to non-linear increase of the width of the damage profile.
Test Facility for Relativistic Beam Pickups

Calibration of beam signal pickup devices is an important but frequently difficult activity associated with the construction of accelerator systems. This is especially true for pickups used in stochastic cooling systems. Here the sensitivity and phase as functions of beam position are frequently critical, fundamental parameters of the system design. The most frequently used method for bench-calibration of pickup devices is that of passing a (usually thin) wire through the device. Electrical excitation of the wire, as a TEM line, simulates a beam and the transfer function of the device is measured directly. As many people have discovered, this procedure can frequently lead to incorrect predictions of pickup response to particle beams. These deficiencies have been eliminated in a facility at ANL which uses a relativistic electron beam to calibrate beam pickups. The facility is extensively used in the development of pickups, and is the primary calibration facility for pickups designed for the FNAL TeV-I antiproton source.
Precipitate growth activation energy requirements in the duplex size γ′ distribution in the superalloy IN738LC

The precipitate growth features in the duplex size (fine and coarse) precipitate distribution, obtained by quenching the alloy from the holding temperature of 1140°C, was studied by treating the alloy for various times in vacuum at selected temperatures in the range 800–1100°C. It was found that both the fine and the coarse precipitate particles grow with time, apparently aided by the particle movement in the matrix and coalescence, by the so-designated Precipitate Agglomeration Mechanism (PAM). At 1100°C the fine particles grew to the size of the coarse particles in about 100 hours and a near single coarse size of about 840 nm was obtained in the matrix. The activation energies for the growth of both the fine and coarse particles were calculated using particle sizes at different temperatures after 25 h of aging and at 1040 and 1100°C for different aging times. These were found to decrease continuously with an increase in size of the particles, meaning that the coarse particles grow more easily than the fine particles, requiring less activation energies. This behavior could be attributed to the greater attractive force with which the coarser particles would attract the finer particles.
Excess Worker Reallocation.

Workers face a trade-off between macroeconomic and individual incentives to work in different occupations/industries; namely, between search frictions and personal comparative advantages. Workers endowed with heterogeneous multi-dimensional skills search for jobs that require different skill combinations. In equilibrium, specialized individuals contact few, selected types of vacancies, where they are likely to be hired; those with weak comparative advantages are seldom chosen among competing applicants, thus seek any job type. In a tight labour market, comparative advantages dominate waiting costs: offsetting labour mobility across industries/occupations—Excess Worker Reallocation—is lower and matches are more successful, consistently with direct and indirect evidence.
Time-resolved imaging of opaque and transparent spheres embedded in a highly scattering medium

Images are obtained of an object consisting of six small spheres located at different depths within a highly scattering solution of latex microspheres. Three of the spheres are opaque and three are transparent. Imaging involved measuring and discriminating between the flight times of photons diffusely transmitted through the microsphere solution. A series of images are generated by the use of light integrated over periods of time in the range from 10 to 250 ps. As expected, the highest contrast and spatial resolution are achieved by the shortest integration times. However, the transparent spheres are revealed with greater contrast and resolution than the opaque spheres.
Pediatric plastic bronchitis: A case report and literature review

Summary Plastic bronchitis is a rare condition characterized by inspissated endobronchial casts that can lead to respiratory distress and even death. We present a case of plastic bronchitis in a previously healthy two-year-old girl. Bronchoscopy revealed the characteristic inspissated endobronchial cast. With removal of the obstructive airway debris, her clinical condition rapidly improved. A review of the literature was performed to elucidate the etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, classification, and management of plastic bronchitis. Underlying etiologies include congenital heart disease, pulmonary disorders, and a few other conditions. Treatment includes rigid bronchoscopy with cast removal and treatment of the underlying condition.
Ischemic Perinatal Stroke: Challenge and Opportunities:

The second highest risk group for developing a cerebral stroke is the perinatal period, generally defined as 20 weeks of gestation through 28th postnatal day of age. In this commentary, a brief overview of ischemic perinatal strokes is presented. Ischemic perinatal stroke (IPS) occurs at a rate of 1 : 2300 to 1 : 5000 births, accounting for 30% of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Thus, IPS is the most common known cause for CP [1-3]. Although they occur frequently, much remains to be studied about perinatal strokes in general and the ischemic variety in particular.
Effects of maturation and aging on behavioral responses to haloperidol in the rat.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated between ages 18 and 825 days for responses to doses of haloperidol (0 and 0.05–10 mg/kg, IP). Catalepsy, ptosis, and inhibition of general motor activity showed steady decreases in sensitivity to the drug with age during the first 1.5 years of maturation, while rats older than 1.5 years had strikingly increased sensitivity to the activity-inhibiting and cataleptic effects of the drug. The efficacy of haloperidol on all tests in 110-day old rats was indistinguishable whether food was available continuously, or restricted to reduce body weight by 55%, indicating that the effects of maturation are due to aging and not to increasing body weight. The effects may be due to altered drug metabolism or altered sensitivity of the central nervous system to neuroleptic agents. Clinical impressions too, indicate that immature and elderly patients are more sensitive to these and other psychotropic drugs than are young adults.
Big Things Have Small Beginnings: An Assortment of “Minor” Methodological Misunderstandings

Most statistical/methodological topics seem to have certain components that are poorly understood by many researchers. The purpose of this paper was to discuss some of the problem areas in significance testing, meta-analysis, multiple regression, factor analysis, structural equations modeling, validity, and outliers. These topics were chosen because they have generated a variety of problems for researchers, and because these problems have come to my attention through reviews of journal submissions, discussions with colleagues, and my own reading of the published literature.
A Simple Method for the Refinement of Models Derived from NMR Data Demonstrated on a Zinc-Finger Domain from Yeast ADR1

Abstract A computationally facile and easily implemented iterative method for refining structures derived from NMR data is presented. This method combines a distance geometry algorithm (DIANA), a complete relaxation-matrix algorithm (CORMA), and a new algorithm that uses the sixth root of the ratio between observed and calculated NOE intensities as a refinement gradient (REPENT). As demonstrated here on a zinc-finger peptide, the REPENT protocol converges rapidly to a low residual error. Comparison of the REPENT-refined models and models generated using a commonly employed method of assigning NOEs as strong, medium, or weak reveals that the refined models are superior in their level of definition, their ability to reproduce the experimentally observed data, and their ability to predict salient structural features.
Pathogenic role of mitochondrial amyloid-β peptide

Metabolic dysfunction is one of the early features in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affected brain. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a major peptide deposited in neuritic plaques, has been considered as an important initiating molecule in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the pathogenic role of Aβ remains to be determined. Here, we review current studies showing that progressive accumulation of Aβ occurs within the mitochondria of both transgenic mice overexpressing mutant Aβ peptide precursor protein and autopsied brains from AD patients. Interaction of Aβ with Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane permeability formation and caspase-3-like activity induction, and decreased activities of the Krebs cycle. These effects can be blocked by intracellular transduction of the ABAD decoy peptide. We hypothesize that Aβ-induced and mitochondria-de...
Progress in Forensic Toxicology: Beyond Analytical Chemistry

The dominant role of analytical chemistry in applied forensic toxicology is described briefly from an historical perspective. It is argued, however, that obligations imposed on forensic toxicologists by the law, medicine, and society for understanding toxicity in an increasing variety of case problems is really the major challenge and obligation facing toxicologists today. Case examples and rationale are presented in support of this argument. Needs and possible solutions to redress the current professional imbalance are suggested; such as a program to monitor prospectively adverse drug actions and interactions, forensic toxicology reference centers, graduate training programs, and collaborative research involving analytical toxicologists and biomedical researchers, including pathologists. There is a need to develop an industrial, governmental, and professional partnership. These proposals are discussed and justified.
Supporting Resilience in the Academic Setting for Student Soldiers and Veterans as an Aspect of Community Reintegration: The Design of the Student Veteran Project Study

The Post 9/11 GI Bill is leading an increasing proportion of wounded warriors to enter universities. This paper describes the design and development of an adapted supported education intervention for veterans. The intervention trial was one of two projects which grew out of a participatory action research process aimed at supporting reintegration of returning veterans into the civilian community. This intervention is being tested in a foundation-funded randomized controlled trial in a large southwestern university, with participation now extended to student-veterans at colleges around the country. Some protective mechanisms which were found in theory and in prior research were also supported in early results. SEd intervention was associated with the protective mechanisms of support network density, higher mood, and resilience. Practitioners may benefit from the lessons learned in the development of this supported education intervention trial when considering implementation of this complementary intervention for veterans reintegrating into civilian life
Hybrid Flexure Pivot-Tilting Pad Gas Bearings: Analysis and Experimental Validation

Gas film bearings offer unique advantages enabling successful deployment of high-speed micro-turbomachinery. Current applications encompass micro power generators, air cycle machines and turbo expanders. Mechanically complex gas foil bearings are in use; however, their excessive cost and lack of calibrated predictive tools deter their application to mass-produced oil-free turbochargers, for example. The present investigation advances the analysis and experimental validation of hybrid gas bearings with static and dynamic force characteristics desirable in high-speed turbomachinery. These characteristics are adequate load support, good stiffness and damping coefficients, low friction and wear during rotor startup and shutdown, and most importantly, enhanced rotordynamic stability at the operating speed. Hybrid (hydrostatic/hydrodynamic) flexure pivot-tilting pad bearings (FPTPBs) demonstrate superior static and dynamic forced performance than other geometries as evidenced in a high speed rotor-bearing test rig. A computational model including the effects of external pressurization predicts the rotordynamic coefficients of the test bearings and shows good correlation with measured force coefficients, thus lending credence to the predictive model. In general, direct stiffnesses increase with operating speed and external pressurization; while damping coefficients show an opposite behavior. Predicted mass flow rates validate the inherent restrictor type orifice flow model for external pressurization. Measured coast down rotor speeds demonstrate very low-friction operation with large system time constants. Estimated drag torques from the gas bearings validate indirectly the recorded system time constant.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Statistical Tests to Validate Predictive Models

This article presents validation tests to check a predictive model over time. These validation tests are like individuals, and S control charts. The individuals validation test is used when there are no replicates at the checked time points. The and S validation tests can be used when there are replicates. Their power is evaluated under various scenarios via a simulation study. Based on these results, the and S validation tests are recommended when there are replicate measurements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mononuclear and Terminal Zirconium and Hafnium Methylidenes

The dimethyl aryloxide complexes [(PNP)M(CH3)2(OAr)] (M=Zr or Hf; PNP−=N[2-P(CHMe2)2-4-methylphenyl]2); Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3), which were readily prepared from [(PNP)M(CH3)3] by alcoholysis with HOAr, undergo photolytically induced α-hydrogen abstraction to cleanly produce complexes [(PNP)M=CH2(OAr)] with terminal methylidene ligands. These unique systems have been fully characterized, including the determination of a solid-state structure in the case of M=Zr.
Physical compatibility of melphalan with selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration

The physical compatibility of melphalan injection with selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration was studied. A 5-mL sample of melphalan 0.1 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was combined with a 5-mL sample of each of 91 drugs at concentrations used clinically. Each combination was prepared in duplicate, with the order of mixing reversed between the two. The samples were inspected visually in normal fluorescent light and in high-intensity light at zero, one, and three hours after preparation. A turbidimeter was used to measure the turbidity of each drug combination at the same intervals. Samples showing a change in the visually or turbidimetrically determined haze level were subjected to particle counting and sizing. None of the drug combinations resulted in visual evidence of precipitation, color change, or gas production. Most combinations had a measured turbidity of or = 0.1 NTU, but the turbidity did not change over the study period and the combinations were considered compatible. Combinations of melphalan with methylprednisolone sodium succinate, prochlorperazine edisylate, or daunorubicin hydrochloride had a very small increase in turbidity but were compatible. Melphalan did not increase the doubling of turbidity that idarubicin hydrochloride shows upon simple dilution. Neither the total particle burden nor the number of particles of > or = 10 microns increased in any combination that was tested. However, combinations with amphotericin B or chlorpromazine hydrochloride showed large increases in measured turbidity and were incompatible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abdominal pain and ileocolitis in a 51-year-old woman.

Question: A 51-year-old woman was evaluated over 2 months for abdominal pain. She had a history of appendectomy several years prior for appendicitis, abdominal hysterectomy, and multiple exploratory laparoscopies with lysis of adhesions in the remote past. At presentation, she complained of right-sided, crampy abdominal pain. An abdominal CT showed symmetrical thickening of the distal ileum and serosal inflammation around the cecum, and postoperative changes of appendectomy. Colonoscopy revealed a markedly deformed cecum and inaccessible terminal ileum. A cecal biopsy demonstrated mild chronic inflammation and edema of the lamina propria. She was treated with corticosteroids for presumed Crohn’s ileocolitis. Follow-up MRI enterography showed inflammatory changes of a long segment of distal ileum extending to the ileocecal junction evidenced by mural thickening with mucosal hyperenhancement (Figure A, arrow). Owing to persistence of symptoms and these imaging findings, medical therapy was intensified with initiation of adalimumab. There was no improvement and she developed obstructive symptoms necessitating hospitalization. Upright plain radiograph of the abdomen showed multiple dilated loops of small bowel (Figure B). She underwent a laparoscopic-assisted ileocecectomy with primary stapled anastomosis owing to the refractory nature of her symptoms and to obtain a tissue diagnosis. Histopathology is shown in Figure C. What is the diagnosis? See the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.
A ZERO-FREE REGION FOR HYPERGEOMETRIC ZETA FUNCTIONS

This paper investigates the location of "trivial" zeros of some hypergeometric zeta functions. Analogous to Riemann's zeta function, we demonstrate that they possess a zero-free region on a left-half complex plane, except for infinitely many zeros regularly spaced on the negative real axis.
Aortic valve replacement: Is valve size important?

Abstract Objective: We sought to determine whether aortic prosthesis size adversely influences survival after aortic valve replacement. Methods: A total of 892 adults receiving a mechanical (n = 346), pericardial (n = 463), or allograft (n = 83) valve for aortic stenosis were observed for up to 20 years (mean, 5.0 ± 3.9 years) after primary isolated aortic valve replacement. We used multivariable propensity scores to adjust for valve selection factors, multivariable hazard function analyses to identify risk factors for all-cause mortality, and bootstrap resampling to quantify the reliability of the results. Results: Twenty-five percent of patients had indexed internal orifice areas of less than 1.5 cm 2 /m 2 and more than 2 SDs (Z-value) below predicted normal aortic valve size. Mechanical valve orifices were smaller (1.3 ± 0.29 cm 2 /m 2 , Z=–2.2 ± 1.16) than pericardial (1.9 ± 0.36 cm 2 /m 2 , Z=–0.40 ± 1.01) or allograft valves (2.1 ± 0.50, Z=0.24 ± 1.17). The overall survival was 98%, 96%, 86%, 69%, and 49% at 30 days and 1, 5, 10, and 15 years postoperatively. Univariably, survival was weakly and inversely related to manufacturer valve size ( P = .16) and internal orifice diameter ( P = .2) but completely unrelated to indexed valve area ( P = .6) or Z-value ( P = .8). These, and univariable differences among valve types ( P = .004), were accounted for by different prevalences in patient risk factors and not by valve size or type per se. Bootstrap resampling indicated that these findings had a less than 15% chance of being incorrect. Conclusions: Survival after aortic valve replacement is strongly related to patient risk factors but appears not to be adversely affected by moderate patient-prosthesis mismatch (down to about 4 SDs below normal). Aortic root enlargement to accommodate a large prosthesis may be required in few situations. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:963-74)
Attention to the Neglected Prospects for Research on Child Neglect for the Next Decade

In 1997, the National Institutes of Health within the United States Department of Health and Human Services reviewed the state of its research on child abuse and neglect (US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997). The findings suggested that although neglect was the most frequent type of child maltreatment, research studies were lacking. Through an unprecedented partnership across federal funding agencies for research on child neglect, research was encouraged in several areas. Over the past fifteen years, consortia of researchers have continued to increase our knowledge of child neglect and to shape the field. Nonetheless, challenges for research on child neglect remain, including the changing demographics of the nation and health disparities. Evidenced-based early interventions and treatments may be an opportunity for prevention of child neglect and improving child welfare services, particularly in an era of health care reform. Developmental researchers across the translational pipeline are encouraged to integrate child neglect research in future studies to inform prevention, treatment and policy efforts for the improved health and well-being of children, families and communities.
Postoperative pulmonary complications in dogs undergoing laparotomy: Frequency, characterization and disease-related risk factors

Objective: To determine the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in dogs following laparotomy, characterize the nature of PPCs, and identify disease-related risk factors for PPCs in dogs. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: University-affiliated small animal teaching hospital. Animals: One hundred and sixty-two dogs without preoperative pulmonary pathology that underwent laparotomy surgery. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Cases were evaluated for factors including patient signalment, preexisting disease, primary and ancillary surgical procedure(s), development of postoperative pulmonary disease, characteristics of perioperative hospitalization and therapy, and survival. Twenty-two percent of dogs in the study developed PPCs. PPCs included respiratory arrest (n=4), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n=3), pneumonia (n=8), hypoventilation (n=13), and transient hypoxemia (n=8). Dogs that developed PPCs had a significantly longer duration of oxygen therapy, longer duration of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), and decreased survival. Dogs with perioperative vomiting or regurgitation were more likely to develop PPCs. Animals that underwent exploratory laparotomy for biliary or septic peritonitis were also more likely to develop PPCs. Conclusions: PPCs occur in dogs following laparotomy and contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of these surgical patients. In this patient population, animals with vomiting, regurgitation, or peritonitis may be at a higher risk of developing PPCs. Animals with the identified risk factors should be monitored carefully postoperatively for development of pulmonary complications.
Hard-core distributions for somewhat hard problems

Consider a decision problem that cannot be 1-/spl delta/ approximated by circuits of a given size in the sense that any such circuit fails to give the correct answer on at least a /spl delta/ fraction of instances. We show that for any such problem there is a specific "hard core" set of inputs which is at least a /spl delta/ fraction of all inputs and on which no circuit of a slightly smaller size can get even a small advantage over a random guess. More generally, our argument holds for any non uniform model of computation closed under majorities. We apply this result to get a new proof of the Yao XOR lemma (A.C. Yao, 1982), and to get a related XOR lemma for inputs that are only k wise independent.