cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, Remembering, and Agency: Biocultural Insights for Understanding Sasaks' Responses to Illness

Abstract Jampi are potent, rotely memorized formulae that are central to medical practice among the Sasak of Indonesia. When someone is ill, people respond by seeking jampi. The more anxiety surrounds the illness, the more fervently jampi are sought. This article offers a biocultural analysis of jampi, tacking between (1) ethnographic descriptions of how jampi are transmitted, recalled, and used and (2) neuropsychological evidence regarding memory, anxiety, and agency. This biocultural approach highlights the central importance of anxiety for enabling the cultural reliance on jampi through its facilitation of memorization, recall, and social action. I conclude by suggesting that through examining the importance of anxiety ethnographically we may gain insight into the embodied experiences and social and healing practices surrounding illness. [memory, emotion, agency, anxiety, illness, Indonesia]
An EPR and NMR Study of Supramolecular Effects on Paramagnetic Interaction between a Nitroxide Incarcerated within a Nanocapsule with a Nitroxide in Bulk Aqueous Media

A 15N-labeled nitroxide was incarcerated into an octa acid nanocapsule, which was confirmed by 1H NMR and EPR spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic interaction between the 15N-labeled incarcerated nitroxide and a 14N-labeled free nitroxide in the external aqueous solution was observed by EPR spectroscopy. The observation of spin−spin interaction, through the walls of the carcerand is reflected in the simultaneous line-broadening of both the 15N-labeled and 14N-labeled nitroxides. The computer-assisted analysis of the EPR data further provides direct information on the motion and the polarity of both the incarcerated paramagnetic nitroxide and the nitroxides in the external bulk aqueous phase. We also show how communication between an incarcerated guest and molecules in the bulk solvent can be enhanced or inhibited by supramolecular factors such as Coulombic attraction or repulsion between a charged guest@host complex (incarcerated 15N nitroxide) and charged molecules in the aqueous phase.
Analysis of slice emittance measurements for the SLAC Gun Test Facility

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC requires the rf photo-injector to produce a beam with a normalized, projected emittance of 1 micron in a 10 ps long bunch with a charge of 1 nC. In addition, a small longitudinal emittance is needed to attain the desired 3 kiloamperes peak current after compression in two chicane bunchers. To achieve this excellent beam quality, we are performing systematic studies of both the transverse and longitudinal beam properties from the rf photocathode gun at the SLAC Gun Test Facility (GTF). Time resolved emittances (slice) are determined by using a bunch with a linear energy chirp which is dispersed by a magnetic spectrometer. By varying the strength of a quadrupole lens upstream of the spectrometer allows measurement of the individual slice emittances. Spectrometer images at the various quadrupole settings are binned in small energy/time windows and analyzed for the slice parameters. Our measurements indicate a temporal resolution of approximately 100 femtoseconds. In addition, the longitudinal phase space distribution is determined by measuring the energy spectrum over a range of linac phases. The correlated and uncorrelated components of the phase space distribution are determined by fits to the energy spectra analogous to a quad scan in the transverse dimension. The combined analysis of the transverse and longitudinal data gives not only the slice and longitudinal emittances, but also any correlations due to wakefields or other effects.
Predicting collective climates: assessing the role of shared work values, needs, employee interaction and work group membership

Previous research has debated whether the collective climates, produced through cluster analysis of psychological climate perceptions, are representative of meaningful organizational collectives or simply statistical artifacts. In this study we examined the extent to which collective climates are comprised of individuals with similar interpretive schemata such as work values and need strength or consist of individuals who share work group or interaction group membership. Measures of psychological climate, work values, need strength, and employee interaction patterns were collected from the management and administrative staff of a manufacturing organization. Results supported the symbolic interactionist perspective to the formation of collective climates. We found clear evidence that collective climates are related to employee interaction groups. Employee interaction based on sensemaking and information seeking activities was most strongly related to shared climate perceptions. There was also some evidence that individuals with similar levels of need strength share collective climate membership. Implications of these results on the debate over the use of collective climates are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failures of the Prosecutor’s Duty to 'Do Justice' in Extraordinary and Ordinary Miscarriages of Justice

This essay discusses both the highly publicized extraordinary miscarriages of justice and unfortunately the much too frequent ordinary variety. It begins with the Duke Lacrosse and Central Park Jogger cases, which were extraordinary. Sometimes in cases of both varieties outrageous ethical errors by prosecutors were at the core of the injustice, but more frequently the prosecution error was in quickly reaching an expected result relying on apparently persuasive but questionable sources of evidence. The cases often involve the use of informants who received substantial benefits for testimony that incriminates the defendant and scientific evidence that did not actually establish what it appeared to prove. Another type of scientific evidence - exonerating DNA evidence - typically rectified the error, apparently promising clear answers to questions of innocence. Unfortunately, such certainty is often missing in problematic cases. Indeed, scientific evidence may give us the false sense of an ability to determine clearly when errors have been made and divert attention from the often inherent impossibility of knowing whether justice has been done.To be sure major ethical failures by prosecutors do occur, but the message of this essay is that they are not central to erroneous convictions. Instead, the more common and persistent problem lies in institutional weaknesses that give prosecutors a narrow focus to their task as it relates to the innocent. The key relevant ethical command is that the prosecutor “do justice,” which is sometimes explicitly violated or callously ignored but is more commonly given insufficient attention. As a result, the essential problem common to these cases is not likely to be rectified by the creation or enforcement of ethical commands. Instead, critical reforms are likely to appear mundane and to be forward-looking rather than attention-grabbing and remedial. They entail institutional redesign and the implementation of standard practices, such as broad discovery, which may appear far removed from lofty pronouncements in ethical rules.
Pediatric pancreatic trauma: predictors of nonoperative management failure and associated outcomes.

Abstract Background Nonoperative management (NOM) is an accepted treatment of pediatric solid organ injuries and is typically successful. Blunt pancreatic trauma tends to require operative intervention more frequently. We sought to identify predictors of failure of NOM and compare the outcome of operative management against NOM. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed from January 1993 to December 2002 of all children with blunt pancreatic injuries from the trauma registries of 7 designated level 1 pediatric trauma centers. Failure of NOM was defined as the need for intraabdominal operative intervention. Injuries were graded I to V, and ductal injury was defined as grades III to V. Parameters included mechanism of injury, injury severity score (ISS), organ grade, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and outcome. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, with mean values ± SD and significance of P Results Pancreatic injuries were present in 173 (9.2%) of 1823 patients. Of these, 43 (26.0% [43/173]) required an operation. Valid morbidity data was obtained in 118 of 173 patients. ISS was significantly higher in all patients treated operatively. Patients with an injury of grade III to V failed NOM more frequently than all patients with pancreatic injury ( P =.0169). Length of stay was longer, and the incidence of pseudocysts, drainage procedures, and pancreatitis was higher in NOM patients, although not significant. Conclusions Patients with pancreatic injuries had a NOM failure rate of 26.0%. ISS and injury grades III to V were predictors of NOM failure. Patients with pancreatic ductal injury require more aggressive management.
New block copolymers of α‐amino acids

Triblock cepolypeptides of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate and L-leucine or L-valine of high molecular weight have been prepared. The solid state structure of the block copolymers cast from preferential solvents has been compared with that of random copolymers of similar composition as well as the appropriate homopolymers. Infrared and solid state circular dichroism measurements indicate that the γ-benzyl-L-glutamate and L-leucine blocks assume an α-helical conformation and L-valine blocks a β-sheet structure. The WAXD patterns of the block copolymers show overlapping reflections characteristic of the individual homopolymers. Further evidence for a phase separated morphology is provided by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy.
Multi-path fan-shaped compliant off-chip interconnects

With the introduction of on-chip low-K dielectric materials, it is increasingly important to reduce on-chip stresses so that the low-K dielectric material will not crack or delaminate. One way to reduce the thermo-mechanical stresses is to introduce compliant structures between the die and the substrate and thus to decouple the die from the substrate. Thus, mechanically compliant interconnects have been pursued by several researchers to decouple the die from the substrate and to increase the reliability of the chip-substrate assembly. In this work, we report the design, the fabrication, and the modeling of innovative multi-path fan-shaped off-chip compliant interconnects. The proposed interconnects can be fabricated at the wafer-level and are cost-effective, can be of fine pitch and scalable, and will have redundant electrical paths. Fan-shaped interconnects with two, three, or four arcs have been designed. In these interconnects, the outer ends of the arcs will be connected to the die pad through columns, while the center or hub of the arcs will be connected to the substrate pad through solder. Through mechanical simulations, it is seen that the interconnects will have a compliance that is several orders of magnitude greater than the compliance of typical solder bump interconnects. Scaled prototypes of the interconnects have been fabricated, and load versus displacement for these interconnects have been experimentally measured. Simulations were also carried out through the entire range of deformation as in experiments, and it is seen that the simulation results have similar trends as the experimental data. Based on this study, it appears that multi-path fan-shaped interconnects could potentially offer a new suite of compliant interconnects for further study and research.
dUTP incorporation into genomic DNA is linked to transcription in yeast

Highly activated transcription is associated with eukaryotic genome instability, resulting in increased rates of mitotic recombination and mutagenesis. The association between high transcription and genome stability is probably due to a variety of factors including an enhanced accumulation of DNA damage, transcription-associated supercoiling, collision between replication forks and the transcription machinery, and the persistence of RNA-DNA hybrids. In the case of transcription-associated mutagenesis, we previously showed that there is a direct proportionality between the level of transcription and the mutation rate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and that the molecular nature of the mutations is affected by highly activated transcription. Here we show that the accumulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites is greatly enhanced in highly transcribed yeast DNA. We further demonstrate that most apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in highly transcribed DNA are derived from the removal of uracil, the presence of which is linked to direct incorporation of dUTP in place of dTTP. These results show an unexpected relationship between transcription and the fidelity of DNA synthesis, and raise intriguing cell biological issues with regard to nucleotide pool compartmentalization.
PENALIZED-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF DIFFUSION TENSORS FROM K-SPACE MR DATA

In diffusion MRI, an acquisition of Fourier-domain (K-space) samples of the imaged object is performed with each of a set of diffusion-encoding gradients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) uses this diffusion-weighted (DW) data to estimate a tensor map that represents the dominant direction of water diffusion at each voxel in the imaged volume. Typical in vivo DW data suffers from low SNR, object-dependent artifacts due to field inhomogeneities, and direction-dependent artifacts due to eddy currents. If they are not accounted for, these factors result in degradation of the estimated tensor maps and the scalar diffusion measures (such as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) obtained from the tensors. Here we propose a penalized-likelihood approach to the estimation of diffusion tensor maps directly from the raw K-space measurements. Our method inverts a detailed forward model of the diffusion tensors that can take into account field inhomogeneities, eddy-current effects, and imaging noise. It can also regularize the mean diffusivity and/or fractional anisotropy maps to counter the effects of noise and facilitate convergence. The penalized-likelihood estimator that we propose provides a unified framework for K-space reconstruction, field in homogeneity and eddy-current compensation, and denoising of tensor maps. Preliminary results from simulated data show our method to be effective and computationally tractable.
Biological Control Agents for White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Anticipation of the Establishment of the Japanese Beetle in California

We tested biological control agents for the control of 3rd-instar scarab turfgrass pests, both for the masked chafer Cyclocephala hirta LeConte and the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. The former species is endemic in California whereas the latter, although not yet established, constitutes a permanent serious threat to agriculture and horticulture in California. We conducted experiments using C. hirta in California and P. japonica in New Jersey. A field trial conducted in 2 different California turfgrass sites compared the field persistence in the absence of hosts of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspecies japonensis Buibui strain, the milky disease bacterium, Paenibacillus (=Bacillus) popilliae (Dutky), and the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema kushidai Mamiya and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar to that of the organophosphate diazinon. Soil samples taken 0-70 d after applications were bio-assayed with P. japonica. Only diazinon and the entomopathogenic nematode S. kushidai caused substantial mortality and S. kushidai activity persisted significantly longer than diazinon activity. In greenhouse experiments, combinations of entomopathogenic nematode species usually resulted in additive mortality of scarab larvae. Combinations of S. kushidai and diazinon also resulted in additive mortality. In field trials, the efficacy of H. bacteriophora and especially S. kushidai and S. glaseri, was comparable to that of diazinon over 14-18 d. However, it is likely that at least S. kushidai would have outperformed diazinon over an extended period because of its longer persistence and potential for recycling in the hosts. S. kushidai, should it become commercially available, deserves further examination as an alternative to chemical white grub control especially as a highly compatible component of sustainable turfgrass management.
Selection for Intermediate Genotypes Enables a Key Innovation in Phage Lambda

The evolution of qualitatively new functions is fundamental for shaping the diversity of life. Such innovations are rare because they require multiple coordinated changes. We sought to understand the evolutionary processes involved in a particular key innovation, whereby phage λ evolved the ability to exploit a novel receptor, OmpF, on the surface of Escherichia coli cells. Previous work has shown that this transition repeatedly evolves in the laboratory, despite requiring four mutations in specific regions of a single gene. Here we examine how this innovation evolved by studying six intermediate genotypes that arose during independent transitions to use OmpF. In particular, we tested whether these genotypes were favored by selection, and how a coevolved change in the hosts influenced the fitness of the phage genotypes. To do so, we measured the fitness of the intermediate types relative to the ancestral λ when competing for either ancestral or coevolved host cells. All six intermediates had improved fitness on at least one host, and four had higher fitness on the coevolved host than on the ancestral host. These results show that the evolution of the phage's new ability to use OmpF was repeatable because the intermediate genotypes were adaptive and, in many cases, because coevolution of the host favored their emergence.
The Significance of Farm Size in the Evaluation of Labour Productivity in Agriculture

The paper deal with the analysis of difference in labour productivity of farms categorised according to their size, to determine if the set subsidy system influences labour productivity in the size groups of the farms. The source of data for enterprises analysis was the firms database, which contains accounting data of 926 farms with at least one employee. The observed data were from the 6 year period (2007-2012). The farms were divided, according to their size into four categories defined by the European Commission: micro, small, medium and large enterprises. The analysis of the labour productivity I based on the added value and labour costs revealed that there are big differences of the labour productivity levels in particular size groups of farms. The further analysis revealed that an adjustment of the farm approach of the labour productivity, when the paid operation subsidies are added (labour productivity II), changes this conclusion and the differences between particular size groups of farms decreased. Using σ-convergence, it was proved that the relative variability of the labour productivity II values decreased significantly in the case of the medium-sized farms. We can say that subsidies significantly influence the labour productivity in farms. On one hand, there is decrease of differences between the level values of particular size groups of farms; on the other hand, there is no significant decrease its variability (except the medium-sized farms).
A Defining Moment: Why Achieving Positive Employment Outcomes for Individuals with Disabilities Requires a Universal Definition of Disability — A Review of Disability & Equity at Work

The book that is the subject of this Review, Disability & Equity at Work, is a multi-disciplinary, international approach to studying the important issue of how to improve the employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities around the world. This Review accomplishes two goals. First, it describes and summarizes the important work accomplished by the many authors who have contributed chapters to the book. Second, it discusses two primary takeaways from the book. The first takeaway is that it takes more than law to improve the employment outcomes of individuals with disabilities. Many of the strategies and initiatives discussed in the book do not involve legal measures, and are completely voluntary. In order to inspire voluntary efforts, we need to understand whom it is we are trying to protect. But the second takeaway from this book is that there is no one definition of disability. In fact, the variance of definitions used was shocking. Thus, I argue that we should adopt a universal definition of disability. Unless we are clear about the group of individuals that are affected by the poor employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities, it is difficult to study the problem and even more difficult to inspire change. A universal definition can be one step towards working together to achieve “equity at work” for individuals with disabilities.
A Study of Renovation of Pulp Mill Waste Water

Pulp and paper industry is one of the major water users and discharges large quantities of highly-colored effluent, which causes an environmental pllution problem. The purpose of our study is the renovation and the reuse of its waste water. This paper is concerned with the removal of lignin from kraft pulp mill waste water by means of fly ashes. It was found that fly ashes were nearly as effective as activated carbon in the removal of lignin, and carbon and calcium contained in the fly ashes contributed to that lignin removal. The results of DTA measurements far fly ashes and lignin showed that lignin was decomposed at from 200 to 400°C and the carbon in the fly ashes burns at over 500°C. The spent fly ashes regained fairly their abliity to remove lignin when heated at from 400 to 500°C and added some calcium hydrate. When the total effluent and washing waste water of a KP mill were treated by fly ashes 20g/l, the lignin and COD were removed about 70 and 50% respectively.
Studies on Mycoparasitic Chytrids. I. the Genus Septosperma

The developmental stages of Septosperma rhizophidii, as it occurs on Rhizophydium macrosporum, are described and illustrated. Resting spore germination was not observed. Details of planont cleavage...
Teaching lasers to alter the course of quantum dynamics phenomena

The selective control of quantum dynamics phenomena has been a longstanding dream in the chemistry and physics communities. This dream is becoming a reality by utilizing closed loop learning control techniques working with ultrafast laser pulse shaping capabilities. The concepts and state of the field will be presented. © 2003 Optical Society of America
High-temperature refractory metal-intermetallic composites

In this article, toughness, oxidation, and rupture behaviors of present-generation refractory metal-intermetallic composites are compared to the performance requisites necessary to make these materials a competitive choice for the jet engine turbine environment of the future.
Sun Compass Orientation in a Nocturnal Migrant, the White-Throated Sparrow

Migratory birds are known to be capable of using several environmental cues for orientation (see Emlen 1975 for a recent review). The sun is a potentially important source of compass information and many vertebrates possess sun compasses that are timecompensated via the internal clock. Nocturnal migrants cannot refer directly to the sun during migratory flight, but solar cues could be useful in determining take-off directions or in correcting for inflight displacements. A logical first step in analyzing the potential role of the sun in the orientation of nocturnal migrants is to determine if a functional sun compass exists in a spectrum of these species. Here we report the ability to perform sun compass orientation in the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis).
Effects of glucocorticoid deficiency on renal medullary cyclic adenosine monophosphate of rats.

1. The effects of adrenalectomy on the adenylate cyclase—adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) system of rat renal medulla were examined to evaluate the mechanism of the impaired water diuresis in glucocorticoid deficiency. 2. Concentrations of cyclic AMP in medullary tubules from adrenalectomized rats were significantly higher than in the tubules from control animals both in the presence and absence of antidiuretic hormone. 3. This abnormality was corrected by the treatment in vivo of the adrenalectomized rats with dexamethasone, but addition of this drug to the incubation medium did not abolish the differences in cyclic AMP between tubules from adrenalectomized and normal rats. 4. The activity of adenylate cyclase or cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in vitro was not affected by adrenalectomy. 5. In glucocorticoid deficiency, the concentration of cyclic AMP in medullary tubules is increased both with and without antidiuretic hormone. This abnormality may render medullary tubules more permeable to water and may underlie the impaired water diuresis in glucocorticoid deficiency.
Current Practices in Music Therapy with Bone Marrow and Organ Transplant Recipients

OF THESIS CURRENT PRACTICES IN MUSIC THERAPY WITH BONE MARROW AND ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS There is limited research on music therapy for transplant recipients, yet boardcertified music therapists working in medical settings often encounter individuals from the transplant population. The purpose of this study was to examine the current practices of music therapists working with bone marrow and organ transplant recipients. A total of 68 board-certified music therapists completed an online survey, providing information related to goal areas addressed in music therapy sessions and interventions frequently used with bone marrow and organ transplant patients. The most frequently reported goal areas included: coping skills, mood, and self-expression. The most frequently reported interventions included: singing, songwriting, and improvisation. Survey respondents also shared opinions related to the need for additional resources for music therapists working with transplant recipients, as well as the most rewarding and challenging aspects of working with transplant patients. Study limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications for clinical practice are included.
Does Online Game Community Matter

With the rapid growth of online games, online game communities has been used to explain game players’ loyalty to the game. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literatures and summarize the constructs to explain game players’ behaviors in online game communities. In this paper, we propose a research model to predict online games continuance play. We believe this framework will help both researchers and practitioners in game research, design and development.
Central American Non-belonging: Reading ‘El Norte’ in Cary Fukunaga’s Sin nombre

This article claims that the road movies Sin nombre (Cary Fukunaga, 2009) and its predecessor El Norte (Gregory Nava, 1983) bring to the fore a strategic mapping of “Central American non-belonging”: an exclusionary state of being on the basis of race, class, gender, and/or sexuality. As the films suggest, for many Central Americans this non-belonging remains a constant both in their country of origin and in the USA, where it is further maintained by discriminatory immigration laws.
Renal mass biopsy and thermal ablation: should biopsy be performed before or during the ablation procedure?

To determine if renal mass biopsy should be performed before or during the ablation procedure with emphasis on complications and rate of ablation for renal cell carcinomas (RCC), benign tumors, and small renal masses without a histologic diagnosis. This HIPAA-compliant, single-center retrospective study was performed under a waiver of informed consent from the institutional review board. Two hundred eighty-four consecutive patients with a small renal mass (≤4.0 cm) treated with percutaneous thermal ablation between January 2001 and January 2015 were included. Two cohorts were identified based upon the timing of renal mass biopsy: separate session two weeks prior to ablation and same session obtained immediately preceding ablation. Clinical and pathologic data were collected including risk factors for non-diagnostic biopsy. Two-sided t test, χ 2 test or Fischer’s exact tests were used to evaluate differences between cohorts. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed. A histologic diagnostic was achieved more frequently in the separate session cohort [210/213 (98.6%) vs. 60/71 (84.3%), p < 0.0001]. The rate of ablation of RCC was higher in the separate session group [201/213 (94.4%) vs. 46/61 (64.7%), p = 0.001]. The rate of ablation for benign tumors [14/71 (19.7%) vs. 6/213 (2.8%), p < 0.0001] and small renal masses without a histologic diagnosis [3/213 (1.4%) vs. 11/71 (15.5%), p < 0.0001] was higher in the same session cohort. There were no high-grade complications in either cohort. Performing renal mass biopsy prior to the day of ablation is safe, increases the rate of histologic diagnosis, and reduces the rate of ablation for benign tumors and small renal masses without a histologic diagnosis.
Multi-agent Predictive Modeling with Attentional CommNets

Multi-agent predictive modeling is an essential step for understanding physical, social and team-play systems. Recently, Interaction Networks (INs) were proposed for the task of modeling multi-agent physical systems, INs scale with the number of interactions in the system (typically quadratic or higher order in the number of agents). In this paper we introduce VAIN, an Attentional CommNet for multi-agent predictive modeling that scales linearly with the number of agents. We show that VAIN is effective for multi-agent predictive modeling and the representation learned is transferable to learning new data-poor tasks. Our method is evaluated on tasks from challenging multi-agent prediction domains: chess and soccer, and outperforms competing multi-agent approaches.
Liquid-assisted, etching-free, mechanical peeling of 2D materials

Abstract Mechanical peeling is a well-known route to transfer a single piece of two-dimensional (2D) materials from one substrate to another one, yet heavily relies on trial and error methods. In this work, we propose a liquid-assisted, etching-free, mechanical peeling technique of 2D materials and systemically conduct a theoretical study of the peeling mechanics for various 2D materials and substrates in a liquid environment. The surface wettability of 2D materials and substrates and surface tension of liquids have been incorporated into the peeling theory to predict the peel-off force. The theoretical model shows that the peel-off force can be significantly affected by liquid solvents in comparison with that in dry conditions. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the mechanical peeling-induced selective interface delamination in multilayered 2D materials can be achieved by employing a liquid environment. These theoretical results and demonstrations have been extensively confirmed by comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations and good agreement is obtained between them. The present work in theory provides a new approach of peeling 2D materials from substrates and can also be extended for peeling thin films and membranes.
Organizing specialized production: gender in the medieval Flemish wool cloth industry (c. 1250–1384)

In the earliest centuries of the Flemish wool cloth industry, the lower-level, preparatory stage of wool processing and spinning was organized by a form of ‘putting-out’ significantly different from later forms in the industry. It took place in and around the cities or smaller drapery centres rather than in rural areas, and women were prominent as middle-level organizers, managers and small entrepreneurs, despite their marginal status in or exclusion from the craft guilds. Using small bits of evidence from Flemish regulations and contracts from the earliest documented period of cloth production, this article analyses lower-level organization through the lens of gender. It shows that the production of yarn was organized by a broad middling level of drapers and small marketsellers, who were women, men and husbands and wives working together. The gendered lens distinguishes this middle level, which was indispensable to the efficient production of wool cloth in medieval Flanders.
The simulation of emotion experience: On the emotional foundations of theory of mind

An argument is developed that supports a simulationist account about the foundations of infants' and young children's understanding that other people have mental states. This argument relies on evidence that infants come to the world with capacities to send and receive affective cues and to appreciate the emotional states of others – capacities well suited to a social environment initially made up of frequent and extended emotional interactions with their caregivers. The central premise of the argument is that the foundation of infants' understanding of other minds is built upon an early-developing capacity to share others' emotion experiences. The emotion experiences elicited in interactions between caregivers and infants enable the elaboration of this primitive understanding into a more fully developed understanding of psychological subjects. The evidence presented in support of these claims derives from a wide range of studies of the phenomena of emotional contagion, affective communication, and emotion regulation involving infants, young children, and adults.
Community-Based Physical Fitness Service Learning: Student and Volunteer Perspectives

ABSTRACTThis article compares the post-activity perceptions of both the volunteer clients and student service providers in a community-based service learning project. Students served as either personal trainers or nutrition coaches for recruited clients during the final month of their respective classes. The clients were asked to rank different factors based on their relative impact on their motivation to adhere to their programs. The students were asked to rank the same factors based on how they thought their clients were impacted. Mann-Whitney U tests were run to determine if there were statistically significant differences (0.05 level) in the perceptions of students and clients regarding the relative impact of the factors. While the tests revealed no significant differences between the rankings of nutrition coaches and clients, personal trainers and clients differed significantly in the way they ranked certain factors. Implications for undergraduate professional preparation and/or certification of fitn...
Why Words Matter.

An editorial is presented concerning the purported ban of seven words from official U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) budget documents and how eliminating the words would hinder public health progression. The authors comment on the National Library of Medicine's definition of vulnerable populations and how eliminating the word would narrow the effectiveness and score of public health interventions. They talk about entitlements, diversity, transgender patients, and more.
Systematic Evaluation of Molecular Networks for Discovery of Disease Genes

Gene networks are rapidly growing in size and number, raising the question of which networks are most appropriate for particular applications. Here, we evaluate 21 human genome-wide interaction networks for their ability to recover 446 disease gene sets identified through literature curation, gene expression profiling, or genome-wide association studies. While all networks have some ability to recover disease genes, we observe a wide range of performance with STRING, ConsensusPathDB, and GIANT networks having the best performance overall. A general tendency is that performance scales with network size, suggesting that new interaction discovery currently outweighs the detrimental effects of false positives. Correcting for size, we find that the DIP network provides the highest efficiency (value per interaction). Based on these results, we create a parsimonious composite network with both high efficiency and performance. This work provides a benchmark for selection of molecular networks in human disease research.
Observations of thermohaline sound-speed structure induced by internal waves and spice in the summer 2015 Canada Basin marginal ice zone

The Arctic seas are in a period of transition as they adjust to stimuli from anthropogenic climate change. The acoustic response to this adjustment is of fundamental interest, as acoustics provide an important means for Arctic remote sensing, communication and navigation, and there are important biological implications for marine mammals and other organisms that use sound. The Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) is an effort to study Arctic acoustics; this paper reports on ocean sound-speed measurements from a pilot study undertaken between 30 July and 16 August 2015. Moored and shipborne observations of temperature and salinity were made in the upper 600 m of the ocean, allowing analysis along isopycnals (surfaces of constant density) to separate sound-speed structure due to internal-wave-induced vertical displacements from those originating from density-compensated temperature and salinity variations termed spice. Frequency spectra and vertical covariance functions were used to describe the space/time scales of displacements and spice. Internal-wave frequency spectra show a spectral slope much lower than the Garrett-Munk model, with the energy level roughly 4% of the standard Garrett-Munk value. Frequency spectra of spice show a form similar to the internal-wave spectra but with a slightly steeper spectral slope, presumably due to the horizontal advection of the spice by internal-wave currents. The root mean square sound-speed fluctuations from internal waves were small with values less than 0.1 m s–1. Spicy sound-speed fluctuations were much stronger, particularly in the upper 100 m where a maximum of 0.25 m s–1 was observed. Both processes have vertical decorrelation lengths less than 100 m. The observed strong variations in vertical and horizontal sound-speed structure will have significant impacts on acoustic applications, especially in the realm of communications, navigation, and remote sensing.
The uses of dictatorship

So far, we have talked about how the dictator keeps his power, but have said little or nothing about why he should want that power. What can he do with the power? The first thing to be said here is that the dictator is far from having absolute power. He is, undeniably, the most important single man in the society in which he operates. But he is far from being the mythical absolute ruler of all he surveys.
Rovibrational Considerations for the Monomers and Dimers of Magnesium Hydride and Magnesium Fluoride.

Magnesium is an understudied chemical element that is quite useful in materials science and may be an essential astrochemical building block for grain formation in proto-planetary disks. This work provides quantum chemical prediction for the vibrational and rovibrational spectra of the structurally similar magnesium hydride and magnesium fluoride monomers and dimers. Magnesium fluoride is commonly utilized in infrared-observing windows and is a known terrestrial mineral, sellaite. Magnesium hydride is likely to exist in various astrophysical environments. Comparison of the anharmonic quantum chemical spectral data computed in this work to known gas phase values for MgH2 is excellent with the computed 1584.1 cm–1 antisymmetric Mg–H stretch less than 5 cm–1 below experiment for example. The condensed phase vibrational attributions of the dimer, however, are less comparable with the present results potentially indicating that some of the previous assignments may need to be revisited. The magnesium fluoride m...
Analytic insights into nonlocal energy transport. I. Krook models

In direct drive laser fusion, nonlocal transport of the more energetic electrons can have at least two potentially important effects. First, the most energetic electrons, furthest out on the tail of the distribution function, can cause preheat of the fuel deep inside the target. Second, nearby the nonlocal deposition of less energetic electrons can spread out the ablation layer, possibly having a stabilizing effect on the Rayleigh Taylor instability. This sequence of two papers treats two different methods of modeling nonlocal transport. For about 20 years, these phenomena have been treated with a Krook model for the electron collisions. However, different versions have given different results, especially as regards preheat. Our first paper attempts to analyze the various reasons for discrepancies and correct errors and derives a variety of simple formulas to evaluate preheat. The second paper offers, for the first time, a steady state, nonlocal method of using the Fokker Planck equation to evaluate the nonlocal transport and deposition of energetic electrons deposited by some mechanism, at some particular point in the plasma. Regarding ablation surface broadening, the two models are not very different; but regarding preheat, the Fokker Planck model gives orders of magnitude less. This is a very optimistic result for a direct drive laser fusion.
279. A Decision Tree Using Clinical Characteristics to Predict a Hospitalized Child’s Risk of a Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection

Background As the threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDRGN) bacteria rises, recognizing children at high risk of bloodstream infections with bacteria resistant to commonly prescribed empiric antibiotics is critical. We developed a decision tree to predict which pediatric bloodstream infections were due to MDRGN bacteria resistant to cefepime or piperacillin–tazobactam, commonly prescribed empiric antibiotics.
How Do People Change their Lives? The Role of the Narrative Interview and the Biographical Trajectory for Social Work and Pastoral Care in the United States

Qualitative methods, and specifically narrative interviews, have received increasing attention in recent years in the United States and the English-speaking world in general. In this paper, the authors aim to illustrate the value of the role of biographical sociology and, more specifically, of the narrative interview developed by Fritz Schutze that is commonly used in German-speaking Europe for social work and pastoral care. They focus on interviewees’ biographical trajectories for a better understanding of the ways people afflicted by homelessness respond to living in a local, evangelical-based homeless shelter and the initial steps they take to improve their lives. In order to understand the role of biographical trajectory and how participants address it, the authors provide two case studies of individuals living in homeless shelters at the time of the interview. They then contend that this form of narrative interview has the capacity to help in understanding a person’s life history and biographical trajectory in-depth and could be used as a form of assessment that would contribute to social work and pastoral care in the United States.
DAS DREI-LITER-AUTO VON VOLKSWAGEN: DER LUPO 3L TDI. TEIL 1

Mit dem Lupo 3L TDI bietet Volkswagen als weltweit erster Hersteller ein Fahrzeug mit einem Kraftstoffverbrauch von weniger als drei Litern pro 100 km im MVEG-Zyklus an. Das Drei-Liter-Auto basiert auf dem Lupo, ist jedoch in wesentlichen Elementen ein neues Fahrzeug. Im ersten Teil wurden der neue 1,2-Liter Dreizylinder- Dieselmotor mit Direkteinspritzung und das Direktschaltgetriebe sowie Elektrik, Karosserie und Innenausstattung des Lupo 3L TDI vorgestellt. Der vorliegende zweite Teil behandelt unter anderem das Fahrwerk, erstellt eine Gewichts- und Umweltbilanz und nennt Verbrauchs- und Fahrleistungsdaten.
Emotion dysregulation and body mass index: The explanatory role of emotional eating among adult smokers.

Abstract There is limited understanding of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and weight gain among smokers, although available data suggest there are potential relationships that may be of clinical importance. The present study explored a potential mechanism in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and body mass index (BMI). Specifically, the current study examined the indirect effects of emotional eating on the association between emotion dysregulation and BMI among smokers. Participants included 136 (52.2% female; Mage = 42.25, SD = 11.24) adults who were treatment-seeking smokers. Primary analysis included one regression-based model, wherein emotion dysregulation served as the predictor, emotional eating as the intermediary variable, and BMI as the criterion variable. Covariates were age and gender. Results indicated that emotional dysregulation was significantly associated with BMI through emotional eating (a*b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, CI95% = 0.002, 0.042). The current findings provide initial empirical evidence that greater reported levels of emotion dysregulation may be associated with greater reported levels of emotional eating, which in turn, may be related to higher BMI.
(Re-)Writing Thamel: National Identity and the City-Setting in Contemporary Nepali Literature

In recent decades, Nepalis have been forced to reconsider questions of national identity, politics, cultural authenticity, and history in a rapidly changing urban landscape. Building on scholarship...
Advanced Lipid Thinking Prior to Incorporating Advanced Lipid Testing

Abstract Lipid profiles help estimate patient’s short- and long-term atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk over the life course and inform treatment decisions. Advanced lipid testing can provide additional information in selected patients. New 2018 cholesterol guidelines suggest which patients may benefit from additional testing. In patients ages 40-75 years, calculation of a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score begins the clinician–patient risk discussion. In those at intermediate risk (10-year risk 7.5%-19.9%) for future events, inclusion of enhancing factors personalizes the risk decision. The guidelines identify enhancing factors that can support initiating statin therapy. Two advanced lipid tests may be used. Apolipoprotein B levels improve risk estimations and identify genetic disorders in hypertriglyceridemic patients. In patients with a family history of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, significantly elevated lipoprotein (a) levels may reclassify risk. The decision-making cascade of estimating 10-year risk, personalizing risk status with risk-enhancing factors, and, if appropriate, reclassifying risk with a coronary artery calcium score is advanced lipid thinking that can utilize advanced lipid testing to optimize atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.
Multi-Class Crevasse Detection Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Feature-Based Machine Learning

This paper describes a system for automated processing of glacial Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data to locate and label deep and shallow crevasses. In 2014 and 2015 robotic GPR surveys were conducted within the heavily crevassed McMurdo Shear Zone (MSZ), a shear margin between the Ross and McMurdo Ice Shelves. A feature-based machine learning method to process the GPR data uses Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature vectors with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect deep and shallow crevasses. A deep HOG model is used for general crevasse classification and achieves a True Positive (TP) rate over 99%, less than 2.6% False Positive (FP) rate, and less than 1% False Negative (FN) rate. A shallow HOG model differentiates between shallow and deep features of interest with a TP rate of 92%, a FP rate of 6%, and a FN rate of 8%.