cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition: Useful for young children with language impairment?

This descriptive study was based on retrospective review of clinical records and test data for 103 children, 4 and 5 years of age, who were seen for multidisciplinary evaluation of developmental problems and tested with the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition. The sample included 52 children with a primary diagnosis of language impairment, 25 children with a secondary diagnosis of language impairment, and 26 children with other disabilities. Verbal Reasoning area scores were higher than, or not significantly different from, Abstract/Visual Reasoning scores for over half of the children with language impairment. Results suggested need for caution in using area score differences or subtest strengths or weaknesses to support a diagnosis of language impairment for this age group. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Gravitationally Lensed Cloverleaf Broad Absorption Line QSO H1413+1143: Spectroscopy of the Lyα Forest and Metal-Line Systems*

The intervening Lyα forest and metal-line absorbers toward the "Cloverleaf" gravitational lens H1413+1143 (zem = 2.54, mv ≈ 17) are examined along the four individual sight lines using HST-FOS spectra. The observations probe the Lyα forest systems on size scales of up to 4 h-1 kpc (H0 = 100 h km s-1 Mpc-1, q0 = 0.5) and metal-line systems on scales up to 6 h-1 kpc. The equivalent widths of Lyα forest lines in general are well correlated along the four different lines of sight and are consistent with the sight lines piercing the same absorbers. The heavy-element systems clearly show evidence for differences. One striking difference is seen in a system at zabs = 2.0969 in which the Lyα line possesses a column density approaching log N(H I) = 19.7 in component B but not exceeding log N(H I) = 18.4 in any of the other three components. Simulations show that a circular absorber responsible for such a scenario has a radius of ≤10 h-1 kpc with a 90% confidence level, assuming a lens redshift of zlens = 1.55. The zabs = 1.6595 system contains a probable damped Lyα line and shows evidence for rotation. A system at zabs = 1.4377 exhibits very significant Fe II absorption in only two of the components at the level of sensitivity of the observations. Examination of how the absorption-line equivalent widths are correlated between the component spectra can provide information about whether all four lines of sight to the QSO are passing through the same absorbers, placing limits on absorber sizes and shapes. The four sight lines toward H1413+1143 provide a unique geometry for this type of study.
Eutrophication of the salt valley reservoirs, 1968–73 I. The effects of eutrophication on standing crop and composition of phytoplankton

A study was carried out over a period of six years to determine the effects of eutrophication upon standing crop and composition of the phytoplankton in four recently constructed flood control reservoirs in Nebraska. Water samples collected weekly during June, July, and August from 1968–73 were analyzed for chlorophyll a, phytoplankton composition, and phytoplankton abundance. Total volume of phytoplankton was calculated from appropriate dimensions and formulae. Inorganic turbidity in one reservoir was an important factor regulating the size and composition of the phytoplankton standing crop. In that reservoir diatoms were the most important component of the phytoplankton community during those years in which inorganic turbidity was greatest. When inorganic turbidity declined, blue-green algae became dominant. In the clear-water reservoirs chlorophyll a, phytoplankton number, and phytoplankton volume were significantly correlated with reservoir age, with the oldest containing chlorophyll a concentrations up to 247 mg/m3 and mean phytoplankton volumes up to 329 mm3/l, values sufficient to place it in the hypereutrophic category. The reservoirs had 2–6 times more chlorophyll a present at the end of the study than at the beginning, with the increase being greatest in the newest reservoir. Phytoplankton volume was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a in all the reservoirs. Blue-green algae quickly became established as community dominants in the reservoirs, making up over 80 percent of the phytoplankton volume in the newest reservoir by the second year of its existence. In the other clear-water reservoirs, blue-greens usually constituted over 95 percent of the total phytoplankton volume in summer. three genera, Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, and Anabaena, were responsible for virtually the entire standing crop of blue-greens in all the reservoirs.
Unlocking and opening a DNA gate.

The DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that solve various entanglement problems of intracellular DNA. In their presence, DNA strands or double helices can pass through one another as if there were no physical boundaries in between. Manipulations of DNA by a DNA topoisomerase often require displacements between different parts of the enzyme–DNA complex, over distances of tens of angstroms. Such a requirement is particularly evident in reactions catalyzed by the type II DNA topoisomerases. A type II DNA topoisomerase catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of one DNA double helix through another (1, 2). Each enzyme is made of two identical halves and possesses two protein gates, an ATP-operated entrance gate that admits the DNA segment to be transported (the T segment), and a second gate for the exit of the admitted T segment after its passage through an enzyme-bound DNA segment termed the G segment (reviewed in refs. 3 and 4; see figure 4B in ref. 4 for a sketch of the type II DNA topoisomerase catalyzed reaction). Slicing a DNA double helix through the entire interface between the two enzyme halves and the enzyme-bound DNA double helix clearly requires large movements within the enzyme–DNA complex. However, there have been few direct studies of such movements before the elegant experiments described in this issue of PNAS by Smiley et al. (5), in which single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used to monitor the opening and closing of the DNA gate by Drosophila DNA topoisomerase II.
Absorption of Different Oral Formulations of Natural Vitamin E in Horses

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E source on plasma vitamin E concentration. Five different formulations of natural source vitamin E (4,000 IU/day) were supplemented to Standardbred mares (n = 4 per group) for 14 days. Treatment 1 was given 10 g of 400 IU/g natural acetate (RRR-α-tocopheryl-acetate) powder, treatment 2 was given 6.66 g of 600 IU/g natural acetate powder, treatment 3 was given 6.66 g of 600 IU/g natural alcohol (RRR-α-tocopherol) powder, treatment 4 was given 20 g of 200 IU/g micellized natural alcohol powder, and treatment 5 was given 8 mL of 500 IU/mL micellized natural alcohol liquid. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (day 0), after day 7 and day 14 of supplementation, and analyzed for plasma α-tocopherol. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 increased ( P P = .004, and P P P = .004) at day 14. The micellized alcohol formulations remained elevated (treatment 4) or decreased (treatment 5) after achieving peak blood concentration and, as hypothesized, tended to have plasma concentrations higher than the other vitamin E forms. Care should be taken to ensure that the most active biologically available form of vitamin E is provided in the diet to maximize its efficiency.
Eph-2B, acting as an extracellular ligand, induces differentiation markers in epidermal keratinocytes

In the bi-directional signaling system comprising ephrins (EFNs) and ephrin receptors (Ephs), both EFNs and Ephs simultaneously function both as ligands and as receptors. Importantly, the EFN/Eph system is deregulated in human cancers and has been implicated in the metastatic processes because of its effects on the adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. The idiosyncratic function of Ephs, membrane-bound receptor kinases, as extracellular signaling ligands, has not been extensively studied. This prompted us to explore the transcriptional targets regulated by Ephs acting solely as ligands. To define the ligand function of EphB2 in human epidermal keratinocytes, we treated these cells with EphB2 as Fc-conjugate dimmers, which thus act exclusively as extracellular ligands. We compared the EphB2 and EFNA4 effects during a 48 h time course, using transcriptional profiling. We found that EphB2, acting as a ligand, promotes epidermal differentiation. For example, EphB2 induces expression of markers of epidermal differentiation, including keratins KRT1 and KRT10, SPRRs, desmosomal proteins and cell cycle inhibitors, while suppressing basal layer markers, integrins and cell cycle proteins. The effects of EphB2 are delayed relative to those of EFNA4. Unlike EFNA4, EphB2 did not induce lipid metabolism proteins, this particular aspect of epidermal differentiation seems not to be regulated by EphB2. Our results define the transcriptional targets of the reverse signaling by EphB2 acting exclusively as a ligand and begin to characterize this intriguing function of Ephs. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2330–2340, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of synchronized human activities on power system frequency

It has been demonstrated in previous studies that nation-wide or largely synchronous societal activities have impacts on the power grid frequency responses. This paper investigates NFL Super Bowl games as an example to evaluate the influence of synchronized human activities on the power system using data collected from a wide-area frequency monitoring network (FNET/GridEye). The statistics and plots of several frequency fluctuation phenomena and relevant analysis are presented. Featured characteristics drawn from the frequency data detected during the Super Bowl games are discussed.
Intra-operative erythropoietin during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is not renoprotective

In pre-clinical studies, acute erythropoietin (EPO) administration has been shown to mitigate the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury. We reviewed our clinical experience with intraoperative EPO administration as a potential renoprotective agent during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Patients who underwent LPN at our institution between August 2008 and March 2010 received 500 IU/kg EPO 30 min prior to hilar occlusion. Those who underwent LPN between August 2006 and July 2008 without receiving EPO were selected as controls. Demographic, clinical, perioperative, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) data were compared for the cohorts preoperatively, and during short-term (<6 months) and long-term (≥6 months) follow-up. Short-term eGFR was evaluable for 39 EPO and 29 controls, while long-term eGFR was evaluable for 26 EPO and 27 controls. Baseline demographic and clinical features of the cohorts were similar. For EPO versus controls, median short and long-term follow-up was 19 days versus 22 days and 10.2 months versus 11.9 months, respectively. Mean preoperative, postoperative, and % change in eGFR were statistically similar for the cohorts during short- and long-term follow-up, without and with adjustment for baseline renal function (unadjusted P-values = 0.28, 0.095, and 0.38, respectively, short term, and 0.61, 0.50, and 0.69, respectively, long term). In this retrospective study, a single dose of EPO prior to hilar occlusion during LPN had no added protective impact on postoperative eGFR in the short or long term. Prospective evaluation in patients with solitary kidneys may better elucidate its potential renoprotective role in this setting.
Ground Level Electric Fields and Ion Currents on the Celilo-Sylmar ±400 kV DC Intertie During Fair Weather

The electric fields, ion currents, and charge densities at ground level under a HVdc transmission line are described and compared with ambient levels. Measurements of field and current density under the ±400 kV Celilo-Sylmar dc Intertie made during fair weather low wind conditions are described and the results are compared with values calculated from an idealized model. Deviations of the measurements from the theoretical values are attributed to the effects of wind on ion movement and the different characteristics of positive and negative corona. A predominance of the space charge generated at the negative conductor is observed.
Solution properties of polymers by low angle laser light scattering photometry

Abstract Many of the solution properties of polymers can now be rapidly measured with a high degree of precision because of a recent innovation in Rayleigh light scattering photometry. Absolute molecular weight distribution and molecular weight averages of several polymers were readily obtained by on line coupling of the low angle laser light scattering photometer with a commercially available gel permeation chromatograph. Data on the characteristic ratios ( C N = 2 )> 0 nl 2 ) and the second virial coefficients as well as the Mark-Houwink constants for poly(bicycloheptene sulfone), P(MMA), and P(MMA/MAA) copolymers of different compositions in THF, CHCl3, and cyclohexanone solvents were obtained. Some translational diffusion coefficient data of polymers in dilute solution measured by the dynamic Rayleigh light scattering technique is also presented.
Freedom in the experience of leisure

Abstract A popular claim in some leisure research is not only that perceived freedom is essential to leisure, but also that perceived freedom means free choice. This paper suggests that perceived freedom is indeed essential, but that reducing perceived freedom to whether or not a person chooses a leisure activity or pursuit unnecessarily shrinks the scope of the potential meaning of perceived freedom. Instead of settling for taking the freedom proper to leisure as a point of departure (free choice) or even as a point of arrival (outcome freedom), it is argued that freedom is lived through in the experience of leisure. This experiential freedom is characterized by a feeling of ongoing consent or cooperation and by the intensification of our ordinary experience. This intensification, in turn, is an enlarged sense of an experience rounded out in anticipation, realization, and recapitulation. Perceived freedom, consequently, becomes the experience of a playful dialogue between our ongoing consent and the elem...
Unimolecular Dissociation of Formyl Halides HXCO → CO + HX (X= F, Cl): An Ab Initio Direct Classical Trajectory Study

The dynamics of the unimolecular dissociation of formyl halides, HXCO (X = F, Cl), have been studied by classical trajectory calculations at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level of theory and have been compared to similar calculations for H2CO. The calculated transition states are planar with elongated C−X and H−X bonds. Trajectories were started from the transition state with 12 kcal/mol of energy above the potential barrier, corresponding to the zero-point energy plus 2.25 and 2.87 kcal/mol of excess energy in the transition vector of formyl fluoride and formyl chloride, respectively. The CO fragments are produced rotationally hot with 〈J〉 = 40−50 but vibrationally cold with only 10−20% in v = 1. The HX fragment shows significant vibrational excitation with 〈v〉 = 1.0 for HF and 〈v〉 = 2.3 for HCl, compared to 〈v〉 = 1.16 for H2. The average rotational quantum number for HCl, 〈J〉 = 12.8, is considerably higher than for HF, 〈J〉 = 9.5, or H2, 〈J〉 = 3.3. Product translation receives about 42% of the available energy in f...
Identification by diffuse reflectance and EXAFS of the changes in coordination of NaY entrapped Pd(NH3)x2+ ion during calcination

Abstract The coordination chemistry of Pd(NH 3 ) x 2+ ions in zeolite NaY after calcination has been identified by u.v.-VIS diffuse reflectance (d.r.s.) and EXAFS spectroscopies. Pd(NH 3 ) 4 2+ ions remain intact in NaY supercages after calcination in 1 atm of O 2 at T c = 150°C; they show a characteristic absorption maximum at 33.5 × 10 3 cm −1 . Roughly 50% of the ammine ligands are known to be destroyed by calcination at 250°C; EXAFS and d.r.s. both show that Pd ions are coordinated to oxygen and nitrogen. Calcination at 500°C leads to bare Pd 2+ ions coordinated to four O z ions; the EXAFS data indicate coexistence of Pd 2+ in two locations; sodalite cages and hexagonal prisms.
Characteristics comparison of standard logic and HVCMOS processed SGLC embedded NVM

The novel select gate lateral coupling (SGLC) cell has a single poly structure and operates using a lateral coupling between the floating gate (FG) and the select gate (SG) without additional processes on a base platform. In this paper, we have fabricated a pure logic CMOS processed SGLC cell for the first time and compared it with an HVCMOS processed SGLC cell. Because of the thinner gate oxide, the pure logic process fabricated SGLC cell has a lower coupling value than that of the HVCMOS process fabricated cell. However, the logic CMOS process fabricated cell shows a higher current performance than the HVCMOS process fabricated cell having a thicker gate oxide. Thanks to the inverse relationship between the coupling ratio and cell current, and the additional back bias effect, the logic CMOS processed cell gives comparable performance in terms of the programming speed, program-erase threshold voltage (V T ) window and cell current. Both types of cells show more than 10 years of data retention lifetime at 85°C.
It's not easy being green: students and "the problem with printing"

As green initiatives become more prevalent on campus, university administrators are seeking ways to reduce consumption of resources. One area commonly targeted in technology services is use of printing hardware, paper, and toner. At Lehigh University, printing at public site labs has traditionally been free. Though popular, free printing creates a "false economy" that encourages waste and abuse of resources. The challenge to Library and Technology Services (LTS) is to raise student awareness of the problems with free printing and engage them in finding solutions..LTS staff worked with students taking a Politics of the Environment course to produce a video, "The Problem with Printing." During Earthweek 2010, LTS disseminated the five minute video presenting photos of paper waste, student interviews, statistics/facts, and solutions (specifically a print management system). The goal was to help students understand that the system of free printing is unsustainable and to increase student acceptance of printing limits. This paper will offer some background on "the problem with printing" on campuses nationwide and at Lehigh, the solutions available, and the marketing campaign that LTS undertook to raise awareness of printing waste. The video is available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DqLqW4Zkw
Copper Compatible Barium Titanate Thin Films for Embedded Passives

Barium titanate thin films have been prepared by chemical solution deposition on 18 μ m thick, industry standard copper foils in the absence of chemical barrier layers. The final embodiment exhibits randomly oriented BaTiO3 grains with diameters between 0.1 and 0.3 μ m, and an equiaxed morphology. The average film thickness is 0.6 μ m and the microstructure is free from secondary or interfacial phases. The BaTiO3 films are sintered in a high temperature reductive atmosphere such that copper oxidation is avoided. Subsequent lower-temperature, higher oxygen pressure anneals are used to minimize oxygen point defects. Permittivities of 2500 are observed at zero bias and room temperature, with permittivities greater than 3000 at the coercive field. Loss tangents under 1.5% are demonstrated at high fields. The BaTiO3 phase exhibits pronounced ferroelectric switching and coercive field values near 10 kV/cm. Temperature dependent measurements indicate a ferroelectric transition near 100∘C with very diffuse character. Combining the approaches of the multilayer capacitor industry with traditional solution processed thin films has allowed pure barium titanate to be integrated with copper. The high sintering temperature—as compared to typical film processing—provides for large grained films and properties consistent with well-prepared ceramics. Integrating BaTiO3 films on copper foil represents an important step towards high capacitance density embedded passive components and elimination of economic constraints imparted by traditional noble metallization.
Limits to the radiative decays of neutrinos and axions from gamma -ray observations of SN 1987A.

Gamma-ray observations obtained by the SMM gamma-ray spectrometer in the energy range 4.1-6.4 MeV are used to provide limits on the possible radiative decay of neutrinos and axions emitted by SN 1987A. For branching ratio values for the radiative decay modes of less than about 0.0001, the present limits are more stringent than those based upon the photon flux from decaying relic neutrinos. The data are also used to set an axion mass limit.
A Self-Consistency Approach to Prisonization

A theoretical model is developed in which prisonization is determined by the self-concepts which inmates bring to the prison. This model was substantively tested using a Likert-type scale of Inmate...
The Temporal Links between Conflict and Economic Activity

Data from 152 countries from 1950 to 1992 are used to estimate the joint determination of external conflict, internal conflict, and the business cycle. Results show that the occurrence of a recession alone will significantly increase the probability of internal conflict, and when combined with the occurrence of an external conflict, recessions will further increase the probability of internal conflict. These results are obtained from estimates of a Markov probability model in which transitions between states of peace and conflict influence each other and the state of the economy. Strong evidence emerges that the internal conflict, external conflict, and the state of the economy are not independent of one another. The results suggest that recessions can provide the spark for increased probabilities of internal and external conflict, which in turn raise the probability of recessions. Such dynamics are suggestive of a poverty-conflict trap-like environment.
Adhesion of multi-level hierarchical attachment systems in gecko feet

Several creatures including insects, spiders and lizards have developed a unique clinging ability that utilizes dry adhesion. Geckos, in particular, have developed the most complex adhesive structures capable of smart adhesion — the ability to cling to different smooth and rough surfaces as well as detach at will. These animals make use of about three million microscale hairs (setae) (about 14 000/mm2) that branch off into hundreds of nanoscale spatulae (about a billion spatulae). Van der Waals forces are the primary mechanism utilized to adhere to surfaces, and capillary forces are a secondary effect that can further increase adhesion force. The hierarchical surface construction gives the gecko the adaptability to create a large real area of contact with surfaces. Modeling of the gecko attachment system as a hierarchical spring model has provided insight into adhesion enhancement generated by this system. It is shown that a multi-level hierarchical structure produces adhesion enhancement, and this enhanc...
Camera Based Automatic Calibration for the Varrier-System

Varrier is a head-tracked, 35-panel tiled autostereoscopic display system which is produced by The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Varrier produces autostereoscopic imagery through a combination of a physical parallax barrier and a virtual barrier, so that the stereoscopic images are directed correctly into the viewers eyes. Since a small amount of rotation and translation between physical and virtual barriers can cause large-scale effects, registration is critical for correct stereo viewing. The process is automated by examining image frames of two video cameras separated by the interocular distance as a simulation of human eyes. Three registration parameters for each panel are calibrated in the process. An arbitrary start condition is allowed and a robust stopping criterion is used to end the process and report results. Instead of exhaustive three dimensional searching, an efficient two phase calibration method is introduced. The combination of a heuristic rough calibration and an adaptive fine calibration guarantees a fast searching process with the best solution.
Envisioning the amateur masses: the Sports Purification Movement and the fashioning of middle-class identity in leisure at Tokyo Imperial University

This paper examines the Sports Purification Movement (supōtsu jōka undō) initiated in 1930 by alumni of Tokyo Imperial University in the context of changing middle-class identity in modern Japan. The idea of amateur sports, which considers sports to be a space separate from both reality and work, faced serious challenges as sports came to be understood as a means of money-making and employment in interwar Japan. Tōdai alumni problematized the ‘professionalization of student sports’, which, they claimed, adversely affected academic performance. To solve this problem, they proposed the restoration of an ‘amateur identity’ of sports, and began revamping collegiate sports clubs, intercollegiate leagues and sports administration. By exploring this process, this paper examines the power of the middle-class identity among university students and alumni, and its transformation.
Epithelial and fibrous downgrowth: mechanisms of disease

Epithelial invasion is a rare, but devastating, complication of anterior segment surgery or penetrating trauma. In 1832, MacKenzie first described epithelial cells invading the eye with the case of a semitransparent cyst growing in the anterior chamber after a perforating injury [53]. In 1937, Perera classified epithelial invasion into three forms: epithelial pearls, epithelial cysts, and diffuse sheets of epithelium, also known as epithelial downgrowth [65]. This classification scheme remains useful today, as these distinct entities have separate management and prognostic implications. Pearl tumors are the least common, usually seen after trauma when skin or hair follicles are implanted into the eye [84]. The epithelial wall may be keratinized, which creates a pearly or opaque appearance. These lesions are generally small, and most remain quiescent. Occasionally, they may expand to fill the anterior chamber, and if necessary, they may be completely excised, generally with good results [80].
Crossing on hyperbolic lattices

We divide the circular boundary of a hyperbolic lattice into four equal intervals and study the probability of a percolation crossing between an opposite pair as a function of the bond occupation probability $p$. We consider the {7,3} (heptagonal), enhanced or extended binary tree (EBT), the EBT-dual, and the {5,5} (pentagonal) lattices. We find that the crossing probability increases gradually from 0 to 1 as $p$ increases from the lower ${p}_{l}$ to the upper ${p}_{u}$ critical values. We find bounds and estimates for the values of ${p}_{l}$ and ${p}_{u}$ for these lattices and identify the self-duality point ${p}^{*}$ corresponding to where the crossing probability equals $1/2$. Comparison is made with recent numerical and theoretical results.
Eastern Front Operational Constraints on Slovak Artillery, 1941–1943

This article examines the experiences of Slovak artillery on the Eastern Front from 1941–1943. The article argues that Slovak unites performed well during this period, notwithstanding serious handicaps. The Slovaks had too few officers, were equipped with outdated weapons, often lacked transport, had poor maps, had little or no anti-tank capability, and lacked adequate support units and facilities. Finally, the few Slovak artillery pieces were always stretched beyond reason to provide fire support for an entire division. Still, Slovak artillery fought tenaciously throughout the time period and was well respected by its German allies.
Defining Characteristics for Young Children Meeting Cutoff on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers.

Abstract Early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is crucial so that early intervention services, which have been found to best alleviate symptoms of ASD in children, can be implemented. Currently, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 1 (BISCUIT-Part 1) are the most widely researched ASD measures in early childhood. However, the M-CHAT provides many false positive results as it is solely used as a screening instrument as opposed to a diagnostic measure, while the BISCUIT-Part 1 appears to have more diagnostic fidelity. The current study examined 243 toddlers who failed the M-CHAT screener and were therefore referred for further evaluation. Upon further evaluation, 141 of the toddlers were diagnosed with an ASD while the remaining 102 were not. Characteristics differentiating these two groups on the M-CHAT, BISCUIT-Part 1, and Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II) were examined with analyses supporting the hypotheses that children in the ASD group had higher M-CHAT and BISCUIT-Part 1 scores in conjunction with lower BDI-II scores. Based on these results, the incremental predictive validity of the M-CHAT was assessed; the BISCUIT-Part 1 was found to be more accurate in arriving at ASD diagnoses. The implications of these findings are discussed.
On the propagation of self-similar traffic via a wireless gateway

Recent works have shown that high-speed wireline traffic exhibits self-similarity and burstings over a large range of time scales. Several studies in the past have hypothesized that wireless traffic is also self-similar but without adequate justification. We proposed a model for the wireless traffic that takes into account the behavior of an energy efficient gateway when fed by self-similar traffic, and also the behavior of the wireless channel. We show that under certain assumptions, the traffic that leaves the gateway will be self-similar, while in some cases the self-similarity might disappear. The analytical results are confirmed by simulations.
The effect of sharing on the cache and bus performance of parallel programs

Bus bandwidth ultimately limits the performance, and therefore the scale, of bus-based, shared memory multiprocessors. Previous studies have extrapolated from uniprocessor measurements and simulations to estimate the performance of these machines. In this study, we use traces of parallel programs to evaluate the cache and bus performance of shared memory multiprocessors, in which coherency is maintained by a write-invalidate protocol. In particular, we analyze the effect of sharing overhead on cache miss ratio and bus utilization.Our studies show that parallel programs incur substantially higher miss ratios and bus utilization than comparable uniprocessor programs. The sharing component of these metrics proportionally increases with both cache and block size, and for some cache configurations determines both their magnitude and trend. The amount of overhead depends on the memory reference pattern to the shared data. Programs that exhibit good per-processor-locality perform better than those with fine-grain-sharing. This suggests that parallel software writers and better compiler technology can improve program performance through better memory organization of shared data.
Type III Collagen Messenger RNA is Modulated in Non-Compliant Human Bladder Tissue

AbstractPurpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that the non-compliant bladder is characterized histologically by an increased deposition of extracellular matrix protein, especially type III collagen, in the muscle wall. We sought to determine if an increased tissue level of type III collagen messenger RNA (mRNA) parallels the observed increase in protein expression.Materials and Methods: Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) quantitative technique we measured and compared the bladder tissue concentration of type III collagen mRNA between an experimental group of patients (n = 7) with urodynamically proven non-compliant bladders ( 20 cc/cm. H2 O).Results: The mean (+/- S.E.M.) of type III collagen mRNA level in the non-compliant group was 11.72 +/- 2.56 attomole/milligram (amol/mg.) which was almost threefold higher than the level 4.26 +/- 0.74 amol/mg measured in the control group. This difference ...
Mixed convection in a horizontal duct with bottom heating and strong transverse magnetic field

Mixed convection in a horizontal duct with imposed transverse horizontal magnetic field is studied using direct numerical simulations (DNS) and linear stability analysis. The duct’s walls are electrically insulated and thermally insulated with the exception of the bottom wall, at which constant-rate heating is applied. The focus of the study is on flows at high Hartmann ( ) and Grashof ( ) numbers. It is found that, while conventional turbulence is fully suppressed, the natural convection mechanism leads to the development of large-scale coherent structures. Two types of flows are found. One is the ‘low- ’ regime, in which the structures are rolls aligned with the magnetic field and velocity and temperature fields are nearly uniform along the magnetic field lines outside of the boundary layers. Another is the ‘high- ’ regime, in which the convection appears as a combination of similar rolls oriented along the magnetic field lines and streamwise-oriented rolls. In this case, velocity and temperature distributions are anisotropic, but three-dimensional.
CO Survey of the Southern Milky Way

When the Columbia Southern Millimeter-Wave Telescope on Cerro Tololo, Chile, began operation in January 1983, one of the main goals was to make the first extensive out-of-plane survey of 2.6-mm CO emission in the Southern Milky Way. Because this telescope, a 1.2-meter Cassegrain, is a close copy of the Columbia telescope in New York — with nearly identical antenna, feed, and calibration — it will be very easy to join our northern and southern surveys to make the first homogeneous radio survey of the entire Galaxy. The Chile telescope does have one important improvement over the New York system: a liquid-nitrogen-cooled receiver with a single-sideband noise temperature of 385 K. Details of the telescope are given in Cohen (1983).
The natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 228 military aviators: a long-term follow-up of 22 years.

Results The mean age was 34.3 years (range 17-56 years). Forty-two (42/238, 17.6%) had SVT (WPW syndrome) and 196 of 238 (82.4%) had the WPW ECG pattern only. The mean follow-up of 21.8 years (range 2-41 years) was obtained on 228 of 238 (96%) for a total of 4906 patient-years. Sudden cardiac death occurred in 1 of 228, an incidence of 0.0002 per patient-year (95% confidence interval 0.0-0.001). SVT occurred in 47 of 228 (20.6%) or 0.01 per patientyear. One hundred eighty-seven (187/228, 82%) initially had the WPW ECG pattern only; 28 of 187 (15.0%) reported SVT during follow-up. Forty-one (41/228, 18%) initially had WPW syndrome; 19 of 41(46.3%) reported additional SVT during follow-up. Conclusion Sudden cardiac death risk was low (0.02%/patient-year) in this WPW population. The SVT incidence was 1% per patient-year. Referral bias and some characteristics of the unique military aviator population may partly account for these low event rates. However, these results may be more applicable to unselected populations than are tertiary referralbased studies. (Am Heart J 2001;142:530-6.)
Saliva Protein Binding to Layers of Oral Streptococci in vitro and in vivo

This paper reports a system for measuring saliva protein binding to oral streptococci. Enamel chips with layers of Streptococcus gordonii Blackburn or Streptococcus oralis 10557 were incubated in vitro with whole saliva from eight persons. Blackburn bound significantly more amylase than 10557; no strain differences were seen for lysozyme or lactoferrin. There were significant correlations between saliva and bound amylase and lactoferrin. Blackburn and 10557 chips were then placed in ten subjects. Sites included the buccal left and right upper premolars and molars (UL, UR), labial upper central incisors (UC), and lingual lower central incisors (LL). That study was repeated three months later; chips with Streptococcus sanguis 13379 were also placed then. Blackburn bound significantly more amylase than the other strains. Blackburn and 10557 both bound the most amylase at UL and UR, and the least amylase at UC. However, strain 13379 bound less amylase at UL. That strain also bound significantly less sIgA at UL. All three strains bound the least sIgA at UC. Lysozyme and lactoferrin binding showed few differences among sites or strains. Bound protein concentrations were significantly correlated across sites and strains within subjects, but not correlated with whole saliva. Strain differences may reflect species differences in amylase binding, or differences in species-specific sIgA titers. Site differences may indicate local variation in protein availability. Differences between chip correlations with whole saliva in vitro and in vivo suggest that the salivary film may be modified as it flows over tooth surfaces.
Measurement and the single particle.

It9s a guiding principle in science: to understand something, break it down to its smallest constituent parts. Now metrologists are getting into that game by counting out individual atoms, electrons, photons, or phonons to put their standards on rock-solid foundations.
Syphilitic Hepatitis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Report of 7 Cases and Review of the Literature

Background A recent resurgence of primary and secondary syphilis has been observed in certain population groups, particularly among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Liver involvement is an infrequently recognized complication of early syphilis, with no previous reports among HIV-infected patients. Methods We describe 7 cases of syphilitic hepatitis in HIV-positive individuals and review the literature. Results At our institutions, all patients presented with a rash consistent with secondary syphilis. Each case was characterized by a conspicuous increase in serum alkaline phosphatase level (mean level +/- standard deviation, 905 +/- 523.6 IU/L) and milder elevations in serum transaminase levels. The mean CD4+ absolute T cell count was 317 cells/mm3, and the median rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer was 1 : 128. There was a significant correlation between higher CD4+ cell counts and the RPR titers (R=0.93; P=.002). Symptomatic resolution and biochemical improvement, particularly a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase levels (P=.02), occurred following antibiotic therapy. Conclusions Hepatic dysfunction is not uncommon in HIV-infected persons and is attributable to multiple causes. In the appropriate clinical setting, syphilitic hepatitis is an easily diagnosed and reversible etiology of liver dysfunction. The recognition of this entity will prevent unnecessary evaluation of abnormal liver enzyme levels in HIV-positive patients.
Overarching framework for measuring closeness to singularities of parallel manipulators

Singular configurations where a parallel manipulator can lose stiffness are well documented and studied in literature. There exist many proposed measures on how close a pose is to these singularities. This paper develops a framework which unites many of the existing measures, provides further understanding for others, and creates new ones. The framework originates from a physical understanding of singularities with a natural progression to a constrained optimization problem. The solution to the optimization problem is a simple general eigenvalue problem of constant matrices. The power of this new framework is that it is easy to compare existing measures and develop new ones. Several examples of measures within the framework are given.
Robust Nonlinear Control of Inertia Phase in Clutch-to-Clutch Shifts

Abstract Shift quality for clutch-to-clutch shifts in an automatic transmission is governed by controller performance in both the torque and inertia phases. In the current study, the problem of inertia phase control is investigated with emphasis on robustness with respect to clutch friction characteristics. A combination of sliding mode control and adaptive feedback linearization is used to achieve the desired reference tracking for the oncoming clutch slip speed. Since the dynamics of electro-hydraulic actuation of the clutch plays a critical role in determining shift quality, a formal treatment of electro-hydraulic system dynamics is presented which consists of state-space averaging and model order reduction based on time-scale analysis. The resulting reduced order model is used as the basis for controller design and is shown to lead to effective and robust inertia phase control. A validated high-order model of the transmission shift hydraulic system in a production transmission is the platform used for controller evaluation.
Catalytic Cage Formation via Controlled Dimerization of Norbornadienes: An Entry to Functionalized HCTDs (Heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14]tetradecanes)

A general and practical catalytic method has been developed for the rapid synthesis of HCTD (heptacyclo[6.6.0.0(2,6).0(3,13).0(4,11).0(5,9).0(10,14)]tetradecanes) and various new 7,12-disubstituted HCTDs from norbornadienes. Compared to the known approaches, this new protocol avoids stoichiometric metals, utilizes commercially available reagents as catalysts, and affords higher yields and significantly improved selectivity. In addition, quadracyclane was discovered for the first time to undergo a similar endo,cis,endo cycloaddition to give HCTD in a good yield. Derivatization of HCTDs led to efficient preparation of a range of novel homo- and heterobifunctional scaffolds that hold potentials for biological and material applications.
An Autosomal Genetic Linkage Map of the Chicken

We have developed an autosomal genetic linkage map of the chicken genome using a subpanel of 52 DNAs from a previously described reference backcross mapping population. The population derived from a cross of an inbred Red Jungle Fowl male and a highly inbred White Leghorn female. The backcross subpanel used was made up of offspring of a single F1 male with four White Leghorn females. Ninety-eight markers consisting of classical and erythrocyte antigen genes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and chicken CR1 repeat-element polymorphisms were typed. Seventy-two of these markers were resolved into 19 linkage groups. Four of the linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes 1, 4, and 17. Four linkage groups were associated with linkage groups published earlier. Linkages within approximately 27 cM can be detected with a lod score of 3 with the panel used. The preliminary map contains approximately 590 cM within the linkage groups, and approximately 70% of the randomly selected markers fell in one of the groups; however, a considerable portion of the genome may remain outside of the existing linkage groups. These markers greatly expand the existing linkage map of the chicken genome.
Inhibition of multiplication of Lee influenza virus by canavanine.

SummaryThe amino acid, L-canavanine, has been found to inhibit the multiplication of the Lee influenza virus in the chick embryo and even more effectively in tissue culture. It had no direct inactivating effect on the virus. and did not interfere demonstrably with the adsorption of the virus to the host cells. It did not interfere with respiration of the host cells. In tissue culture the inhibitory effect of the compound on the growth of the virus was completely reversed by L-arginine. The implications of these observations with respect to the possible mechanism of inhibition are discussed.
Clinicopathological subtypes in hairy-cell leukemia

Thirty-six patients with hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) were evaluated, and were divided in two major subtypes: leukopenic (WBC less than 3000/microliters) and non-leukopenic (WBC greater than or equal to 3000/microliters). There were 22 leukopenic and 14 non-leukopenic patients. The leukopenic group were older than the non-leukopenic group, with an average age of 58.4 years compared with 47.6 years. The male/female ratio was higher in the leukopenic (6.3) than the non-leukopenic (2.0) patients. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy were found in 66%, 32%, and 18% of the leukopenic patients, compared with 92%, 57%, and 35% in the non-leukopenic patients. The leukopenic HCL was associated with more severe anemia, granulocytopenia, monocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and higher incidence of serious infections than the non-leukopenic HCL. Increased bone marrow reticulin fibers and unsuccessful marrow aspirations (dry taps) were more frequently associated with the leukopenic than the non-leukopenic HCL.
Analysis on the vaccination certificate check for newly- enrolled kindergarden and primary school students in Wuhu,2010-2012

Objective To understand vaccination certificate check for newly- enrolled kindergarden and primary school students in Wuhu city,and explore effective management methods. Methods Collect the vaccination certificate inspection supervision data and national immunization program( NIP) vaccine remedial vaccination data among children in newly- enrolled kindergarten and primary school in Wuhu city in 2010- 2012. Statistics analysis was used by descriptive methodology. Results Coverage rate of vaccination certificate was 99. 60% in Wuhu City in 2010,and the rates were both 100% in 2011and 2012. The total number of newly- enrolled kindergarden and primary school students were 225 568. The average inspecting coverage rate was 99. 15%,each year was more than 98%. There were 4818 children didn't have vaccination certificate,accounting for 2. 13%. The average remedial vaccination rate was 99. 58%,each year was more than 98%,and it had reached 100% in 2012. Eight varieties of vaccine had been planned to be inoculated for 82 949 doses. Except the hepatitis A remedial vaccination rate in 2010 year was 90. 68%,the rest of the NIP vaccine remedial vaccination rates in each year were all above 97%. Conclusion The implementation of vaccination certificate check for newly- enrolled kindergarten and primary school was in good condition,but some of the NIP vaccines had low remedial vaccination rates.
Transfer of cryopreserved-thawed pre-embryos in a natural cycle or a programmed cycle with exogenous hormonal replacement yields similar pregnancy results

Objective To examine the results of 7 years of thawed ET during natural or controlled cycles using exogenous steroids. Design Retrospective evaluation to compare implantation and pregnancy rates with two protocols for transfer of cryopreserved-thawed pre-embryos. Setting Tertiary care academic center. Patients From January 1987 to December 1993, 521 patients who were Main Outcome Measure Pregnancy and implantation rates per thawed embryo transfer cycle. Results A total 1,987 pre-embryos survived the thawing process and were used in 628 thaw-transfer cycles. Transfer was performed in a natural cycle 2 days after the LH peak or on day 17 of a programmed cycle using a GnRH-agonist and hormone replacement therapy protocol; 182 pregnancies were established (182/628; 29%). Similar pregnancy rates were seen in the natural cycle (112/398; 28%) and the programmed cycle (70/230; 30%). The implantation rates were similar in the two methods of transfer cycles (11.9% versus 10.3%, natural versus programmed cycle). There were no significant differences in clinical or ongoing pregnancy rates in a natural or programmed cycle, correcting for the number of cryopreserved-thawed pre-embryos transferred. Patient's age at the time of freezing and the number of cryopreserved-thawed pre-embryos transferred are more important determinants of pregnancy than the type of cycle in which transfer occurs. Conclusion Transferring cryopreserved-thawed pre-embryos in a natural or programmed cycle yields similar pregnancy results.