cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LA VIDA OCULTA DE LAS NIÑAS: UN ESTUDIO ETNOGRÁFICO SOBRE LA EXCLUSIÓN SOCIAL

RESUMENCon el analisis de las practicas linguisticas a lo largo del tiempo de dos grupos de iguales de ninas, descubrimos el modo en el que los miembros del grupo controlan su sistema social, castigando a los miembros considerados como ofensores de las normas sociales locales. Mas que centradas en promover la afiliacion social, entre las ninas de estos grupos emerge una forma de socializacion que degrada abiertamente a las ofensoras y les niega su estatus como participantes en la actividad del grupo. Con este estudio intento comprender el nexo interaccion-estructura social a traves de la descripcion de una variedad de practicas linguisticas en las que las identidades estan vinculadas a acciones especificas dentro de la interaccion social.Palabras Clave: Interaccion entre iguales - Genero - Maltrato entre iguales - Antropologia Linguistica. ABSTRACTExamination of the language practices of two girls’ peer groups over time reveals ways in which members actively police their social order, sanctioning those deemed violators of local social norms. Rather than attempting to maximize affiliative actions, a form of human sociality emerges where members openly degrade violators and deny them a ratified participant status in local activities. Through this study I attempt to understand the interaction/social structure nexus by describing the range of linguistic practices through which identities are linked to specific actions within interactions.Keywords: Peer interaction - Gender - Bullying - Linguistic Anthropology.
Influence of movies and television on Chinese Tourists perception toward international tourism destinations

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of movies and TV dramas on Chinese tourists' choice of international travel destinations. An online survey instrument was developed and distributed to Chinese consumers through an online survey panel company. Findings indicated many Chinese are highly involved with international travel and were ardent about movies and/or TV dramas. There was a high level of agreement that these media outlets have a significant impact on travel motivations. Foods, fashion, and other elements featured in movies and TV dramas were motivators for the Chinese market. Thailand and Korea were the two top favorite destinations based upon movie and TV drama consumption. Implications for the tourism industry and the movie and TV drama industries are discussed.
Collaborating E-book Collections: Lessons Learned & Best Practices. A Report of the ALCTS Collection Management Section (CMS) Collection Development Librarians of Academic Libraries Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Midwinter Meeting, Denver, February 2018

The Association for Library Collections & Technical Services (ALCTS) Collection Management Section (CMS) Collection Development Librarians of Academic Libraries Interest Group hosted a session enti...
Carbon-neutral hybrid energy systems with deep water source cooling, biomass heating, and geothermal heat and power

Abstract This article addresses the optimal design of carbon-neutral hybrid energy system with deep water source cooling, biomass heating, and geothermal heat and power. A novel superstructure of the proposed hybrid energy system comprised of an enhanced geothermal system, a torrefied biomass-based combustion system, and a deep water source cooling system with conventional chillers as auxiliaries, is developed. Based on the superstructure of the proposed hybrid energy system, we develop a multi-period optimization model to minimize a fractional metric, the levelized cost. Because the main product of the hybrid energy system is heat, the levelized cost is expressed as levelized cost of heat, with other byproducts indirectly incorporated by using credits. The resulting nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear fractional programming problem is efficiently solved by using a tailored optimization algorithm. Two case studies based on Cornell’s campus in Ithaca, New York are presented to quantify the effect of different electric power sources on the technoeconomic objective, as well as the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. The first case study considers electric power from natural gas, while a carbon-neutral electric power supply based on renewable geothermal energy is envisioned in the second case study. Results show that switching the electric power supply from natural gas to geothermal energy could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 24.5%, while only increasing the levelized cost of heat by 5.6%. The carbon footprint for both case studies are promisingly low, compared with numerous existing heat generation technologies. Through sensitivity analysis, the project lifetime is identified as the most influential input parameter.
Blood-brain barrier function, cell viability, and gene expression of tight junction-associated proteins in the mouse are disrupted by crude oil, benzo[a]pyrene, and the dispersant COREXIT

Abstract Exposure to crude oil, its components, and oil dispersants during a major crude oil spill, such as the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, can elicit behavioral changes in animals and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms by which oil spill-related compounds alters behavior remains largely unknown. A major cause of behavioral changes generally is dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We investigated the impact of a crude oil high energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF), benzo[a] pyrene (BaP; a major component of crude oil), and the oil dispersant COREXIT, on BBB function. BBB function was assessed by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Within 3 h after treatment, TEER was significantly reduced by exposure to high concentrations of all test compounds. TEER remained reduced in response to COREXIT after 48 h, but this effect waned in BMECs treated with HEWAF and BaP, with low-mid range concentrations inducing increased TEER compared to vehicle controls. At 48 h of treatment, BMEC viability was significantly reduced in response to 2% HEWAF, but was increased in response to BaP (25 and 50 μM). BMEC viability was increased with 80 ppm COREXIT, but was reduced with 160 ppm. Gene expression of tight junction-associated proteins (claudin-5 and tight junction protein-1), and cell adhesion receptor (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) was reduced in response to HEWAF and COREXIT, but not BaP. Taken together, these data suggest that oil spill-related compounds markedly affect BBB function, and that these changes may underlie the observed behavioral changes due to crude oil exposure.
Transport and magnetic properties of the perovskites La1-yMnO3 and LaMn1-zO3

Single-phase samples of La1-yMnO3-(3y/2)+δ with 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.09 and LaMn1-zO3-(3z/2)+δ with 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.09 have been prepared via the citrate method with subsequent heating at different temperatures and partial pressures of oxygen. Oxygen parameters 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.18 were obtained. At room temperature, all compositions y and z have the orthorhombic structure of GdFeO3 (Pbnm) for small values of δ and the rhombohedral structure of LaAlO3 (R3c) for larger values of δ. Below a temperature Tc, all samples show a weak ferromagnetism at δ = 0 that increases with δ, samples with y = 0 approaching a full ferromagnetic alignment of all Mn moments in the range 0.10 < δ < 0.13. At smaller δ, the orthorhombic samples contain randomly distributed superparamagnetic clusters that couple via an antiferromagnetic matrix to form a spin glass below Tc. At higher values of δ, a sharp increase of Tc to a value greater than the Weiss temperature θp for the paramagnetic phase indicates a first-order transition on lowering T through Tc f...
Clinical validation of the olfactory detection threshold module of the Snap & Sniff® olfactory test system.

BACKGROUND Quantitative olfactory testing is essential to determine the validity and nature of a patient's complaint, accurately monitor changes in function over time (including influences of pharmacological, surgical, or immunological interventions), detect malingering, and establish disability compensation. This work describes the clinical validation of an advanced rapid odor detection threshold test that standardizes odorant delivery and eliminates unsanitary sniff bottles, the need for blindfolds, and the possibility of touching an odorant stimulus to the nose. METHODS Snap & Sniff® single-staircase phenyl ethyl alcohol detection thresholds (SS 421 received both bilateral and unilateral testing. The results were correlated with scores from the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Smell Threshold Test (STT), a widely-used standardized threshold test. Test-retest reliability data were obtained for 50 patients. RESULTS S&S-Ts were highly reliable (Spearman r = 0.84), correlated with the other olfactory test measures (rs > 0.65, ps < 0.0001), and required significantly shorter administration times than the STT (<10 minutes). Bilateral thresholds were systematically lower than unilateral thresholds, a phenomenon independent of presentation order but dependent upon the better functioning side of the nose. The S&S-Ts were sensitive to age and sex. No systematic left:right nasal side threshold differences were evident. CONCLUSION The present study validates the use of Snap & Sniff® technology in the clinic setting. High test-retest reliability and brief administration times were evident. The S&S-T test allows for a reliable, valid, inexpensive, and rapid clinical means for quantitatively assessing human olfactory sensitivity.
Quantum Resistant Public Key Encryption Scheme HermitianRLCE.

Recently, Wang (2017) introduced a random linear code based quantum resistant public key encryption scheme RLCE which is a variant of McEliece encryption scheme. Wang (2017) analyzed an instantiation of RLCE scheme using Generalized Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper, we introduce and analyze Hermitian code based RLCE schemes HermitianRLCE. Based on our security analysis, we provide HermitianRLCE parameters at the 128, 192, and 256 bits security level. These parameters show that HermitianRLCE has much smaller public keys than GRS-RLCE.
The effect of beam scan strategies on microstructural variations in Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion

Abstract In electron beam melting (EBM) powder bed fusion (PBF), variations in electron beam scan strategies can be used to control thermal transients in the additive manufacturing process, both in the melt pool and in previously deposited layers. In this study, three different EBM beam scan strategies, i.e. the standard raster scan, ordered spot scan, and random spot scan patterns, were used to fabricate three identical Ti-6Al-4V blocks. Using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, variations in microstructure and crystallographic texture, such as α lath thickness, prior beta β grain size and orientation, α/α lath boundary (LB) distributions, are investigated with respect to the applied scan strategy. Both spot scan strategies result in coarser α laths and smaller prior β grains with width and height
Storm and STEMI: a case report of unexpected cardiac complications of thyrotoxicosis.

Background Thyroid storm is a rare condition with well-known cardiovascular manifestations including tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial infarction (MI). Several uncommon conditions that can mimic MI are associated with thyrotoxicosis and discussed in this case. Case summary A 23-year-old previously healthy male presented after the onset of generalized weakness and inability to rise from bed in the setting of 35 kg of unintentional weight loss, and was found to have profound hypokalaemia, elevated thyroid hormone, and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone consistent with thyrotoxicosis secondary to Grave's disease. Following hospital admission, he developed worsening tachycardia with dynamic anteroseptal ST-segment elevations and elevated cardiac biomarkers concerning for MI. He was treated with aspirin, ticagrelor, and a heparin infusion, but was unable to tolerate beta-blockade acutely due to hypotension. Echocardiography demonstrated a severely dilated left ventricle (left ventricular end-diastolic volume index 114 mL/m2) and severely reduced systolic function (ejection fraction 23%) with global hypokinesis. Following initiation of propylthiouracil, iodine solution, and stress-dosed steroids his tachycardia and ST-elevations resolved. Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography demonstrated no evidence of coronary stenosis. He was discharged on methimazole, metoprolol, and lisinopril and found to have recovered left ventricular systolic function at 2-month follow-up. Discussion Thyrotoxicosis can rarely cause coronary vasospasm, stress cardiomyopathy, and autoimmune myocarditis. These conditions should be suspected in hyperthyroid patients with features of MI and normal coronary arteries. Workup should include laboratory evaluation, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and non-invasive or invasive ischaemic evaluation.
“It’s in Our Nature as Daughters to Protect Our Familias… You Know?”:The Privacy Rules of Concealing and Revealing Latina Child Sexual Abuse Experiences

This study uses communication privacy management theory to offer an examination of the rule criteria that Latina survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) utilize to manage disclosure and privacy. Seve...
WOMEN WRITERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND IN THE WEST

Trips to Morocco and Jordan, and later to Syria, have allowed me to pursue my interest of literature coming from the Arab world. I received a grant from the US government to visit and research libraries in Morocco and Jordan. As a librarian I studied practices that were used in these different countries in their own libraries, and contributed best practices in the United States to local staff. My expertise came from experience at state of the art university libraries and study at Simmons College. During the second Fulbright I filmed women writers and created two websites (http://www.bu.edu/library/guide/caww/ ) and (http://www.womenwritersoftheworld.com/). In my paper I discuss the positive aspects of reading the literature of another culture. I also discuss the women who I video-taped – both Middle Eastern women and Westerners. Those from the Middle East come from: Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, and Syria. Women from the West who I videoed are from: Scotland, India/Germany, Boston and other local areas. All of them are dedicated and are passionate about their professions as writers despite the many obstacles they have encountered. Some have other occupations. Some have families. There are similarities between then – both between the West and the East, and among themselves – that are curious. Understanding other cultures through the writings of these women, and the reading of their works, is instrumental in banishing stereotypes that the media send our way every day. Misconstrued ideas of other cultures can drive public attitudes and policies in unexpected and destructive directions.
Networks on Chip (NoC): Interconnects of Next Generation Systems on Chip

Traditionally, the design of on-chip interconnects has been an afterthought in the design process of integrated circuits. As the complexity of interconnect and the capacitance, inductance and resistance associated with the wires have increased with technology scaling, the delays associated with wires can no longer be neglected. Consequently, planning the design of these interconnection networks early in the design stage has become critical in ensuring the desired operation of the integrated circuits. Network on Chip is an on-chip communication mechanism based on packet based data transmission to support early planning of interconnect design. This chapter reviews the various aspects of Network on a Chip and concludes with a case study of a neural network design using such a communication fabric.
The Aesthetics, History and Future Challenges of Interconnected Music Networks

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the field of Interconnected Musical Networks – live performance systems that allow players to influence, share, and shape each other’s music in real-time. Informed by social and biologicalsystems, these networks are designed to allow a group of performers to interdependently collaborate in creating dynamic and evolving musi cal compositions. The paper starts with a discussion of the motivations and aesthetics behind this unique form of social artistic expression. It then goes on to describe a number of historical and technological landmarks that led the way to the development of the field, from the early experimentations with the radio transistor as a musical instrument, through the introduction of digital technology and networked PCs, to the current proliferation in Internet music research. This review leads to the formulation of a number of future prospects and challenges which address the introduction of Interconnected Musical Networks (IMNs) to wider audiences, novices, and children. The paper concludes with a presentation of two IMN projects that were developed in the Hyperinstruments group at MIT Media Laboratory, which address these future challenges.
A fuzzy logic vision and control system embedded with human knowledge for autonomous vehicle navigation

A method for visually navigating an autonomous vehicle in an unstructured environment with fuzzy logic is summarized in this paper. Fuzzy logic is used with a human embedding method to process the raw vision data and control the autonomous vehicle. Specifically, the ability to classify pixels in the image space is discussed as a means of locating a safe path. Human embedding is used as a method to train the fuzzy logic system. The trained system is shown able to follow and recover to paths in the unstructured environment. Additionally, a hierarchical system that fuses the visual information with other sensors is discussed. The addition of an optical sensor provides the controller with critical information that helps make intelligent decisions in the presence of sensor imprecision and uncertainty.
Fraunhofer line-depth sensing applied to water

An experimental Fraunhofer line discriminator is basically an airborne fluorometer, capable of quantitatively measuring the concentration of fluorescent substances dissolved in water. It must be calibrated against standards and supplemented by ground-truth data on turbidity and on approximate vertical distribution of the fluorescent substance. Quantitative use requires that it be known in advance what substance is the source of the luminescence emission; qualitative sensing, or detection of luminescence is also possible. The two approaches are fundamentally different, having different purposes, different applications, and different instruments. When used for sensing of Rhodamine WT dye in coastal waters and estuaries, the FLD is sensing in the spectral region permitting nearly maximum depth of light penetration.
Check-Cashing Outlets in a Changing Financial System

This paper discusses changes in the financial sector that threaten traditional check-cashing outlets (CCOs). Specifically, the paper focuses on four developments that may radically alter the check-cashing industry over the coming decade: the growing use of electronic payments, the deployment of automated check-cashing machines, the rise of payday lending, and the development of "bank/CCO hybrids."
Detection efficiency and dark pulse rate of Rockwell (SSPM) single photon counters

This paper describes direct photon counting data on several pixels of the Rockwell SSPM detector array, about which absolute single photon detection efficiencies and time responses were reported previously by Kwiat et al. The new data shows a substantially larger efficiency, 85%, and suggests that damage in the optical fiber employed in the earlier data was responsible for the lower number, 70%. When the results of this paper are analyzed using reasonable assumptions, one concludes that several improvements of the SSPM detector are still possible to bring the photon counting efficiency close to or larger than 95%.
The Significance of Biotechnological Processes for the Treatment and Disposal of Solid Wastes

Biotechnological processes require special composition of the wastes to be treated and suitable process conditions favouring growth and activity of the microorganisms used. To this end the properties of the wastes delivered by municipal communities are compared with the requirements of the microbial populations in the special biotechnological processes. Important processes discussed include aeration for sewage sludge stabilization, anaerobic digestion of sludge and additional wastes under generation of biogas and composting of sludge and refuse for use in agriculture. The problems encountered due to heavy metals, toxic substances and pathogenic organisms are indicated. Prospects for the possible elimination of this hazardous agents are also discussed. The biological facts about the processes and their effectiveness are described. Prospects for future development are also presented.
Box 4: Interatomic Potential

In spite of greatly increased computer speeds, the application of ab initio methods for an atomistic simulation of materials is still limited to relatively small ensembles of atoms and, in molecular dynamics, relatively short simulation times (∼5 ps). In contrast, the use of empirical or semiempirical interatomic potentials makes it possible to simulate much larger systems (∼ up to a few million atoms) for much longer times (∼100 ns), and thus to tackle such problems as plastic deformation, ion-solid interaction, or atomic diffusion.
Analytical and Numerical Study of the Effects of Initial Imperfections on the Inelastic Buckling of a Cruciform Column

The inelastic buckling of a cruciform column is investigated by a combination of analytical and numerical methods. An exact asymptotic analysis for the effect of small imperfections on the maximum load reveals clearly how it is possible for an exceedingly small imperfection to have a very large influence. As long as the strain hardening is sufficiently low, the numerical analysis confirms the Onat- Drucker conclusion that unavoidably small imperfections, together with the use of J2 flow theory, give rise to a maximum load prediction which is approximated by the bifurcation load prediction based on a deformation theory of plasticity.
Teen Dating Violence Victimization and Patterns of Substance Use Among High School Students

Abstract Purpose Substance use in adolescence is a significant concern, particularly the use of multiple drugs. Yet, most studies examine a single substance in isolation, with limited consideration of the use of multiple substances. Furthermore, few studies have examined how teen dating violence (TDV) victimization is associated with patterns of substance use. Methods Using latent class analysis and latent class regression, the present study aimed to (1) identify subtypes of substance use among high school students and (2) examine the association between past-year physical and psychological TDV victimization and pattern of substance use. We focused on 30-day use of alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana, cigarette, cigarillo, and prescription drug use. Analyses were conducted on data from 18,680 adolescents in Grades 9–12, across 58 high schools. Results The latent class analysis indicated a five-class model best fit the data; the largest class was composed of nonusers, whereas the other classes were high polysubstance use, alcohol use, alcohol and marijuana use, and moderate polysubstance use. The multinomial regression analyses indicated that adolescents who had experienced physical and psychological TDV were more likely to be in the two polysubstance use classes and the alcohol and marijuana use class, as compared with nonvictimized adolescents. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in adolescents' self-reported recent substance use, although a large proportion of substance-using youth reported recent alcohol and marijuana use. Preventive interventions should focus their efforts on preventing substance use among victims of TDV, in part because substance use is a risk factor for TDV victimization.
Post-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections, by Markus Prior

Recent technological developments have led many political communications scholars to explore the potential impacts of new media on political behavior and the democratic process as a whole. With Pos...
Learning from demonstration with swarm hierarchies

We present a supervised learning from demonstration system capable of training stateful and recurrent collective behaviors for multiple agents or robots. A model space of this kind is often high-dimensional and consequently may require a large number of samples to learn. Furthermore, the inverse problem posed by emergent macrophenomena among multiple agents presents major challenges to supervised learning methods. Our approach reduces the size of the state space, and shortens the gap between individual behaviors and macrophenomena, by manually decomposing individual behaviors and arranging the agents into a tree hierarchy. This makes it possible to train potentially large numbers of agents using a small number of samples. We demonstrate our system using hundreds of agents in a simulated foraging task, and on real robots performing a collective patrolling task.
Advanced Imaging in Barrett's esophagus

Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic change in the esophagus that results in replacement of the normal squamous lined epithelium with intestinal metaplasia. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has rapidly increased in recent years and BE has been found to be present as a precursor lesion in many of these cases. Patient’s with BE are thought to have an annual risk of developing esophageal cancer of 0.5% per year, substantially higher than the general population, but the absolute risk of developing cancer in BE patients is low. Endoscopic screening of subjects with chronic reflux symptoms has been recommended as a method of detecting BE and early cancer and despite the lack of clinical evidence, BE patients are then routinely enrolled in surveillance programs.
Treponema phagedenis encodes and expresses homologs of the Treponema pallidum TmpA and TmpB proteins.

Abstract We cloned and sequenced the genes from Treponema phagedenis Kazan 5 encoding proteins homologous to the TmpA and TmpB proteins of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols (hereafter referred to as T. pallidum). Although previous reports suggested that the TmpA and TmpB proteins were specific for T. pallidum, we found that homologs for both were expressed in T. phagedenis Kazan 5 and Reiter. The TmpA protein from T. phagedenis contained the consensus sequence that bacterial lipoproteins require for posttranslational modification and subsequent proteolytic cleavage by signal peptidase II and showed 42% amino acid sequence identity with the TmpA protein from T. pallidum. The TmpB proteins of T. phagedenis and T. pallidum had similar amino acid sequences at their amino- and carboxy-terminal ends. The central portions of both of these proteins contained four repeats of the amino acid sequence EAARKAAE. The TmpB protein from T. phagedenis had an additional amino acid sequence repeat (consensus sequence KAAKE/D) that was not found in the TmpB protein from T. pallidum; this repeat was most remarkable, as it occurred 17 times in succession. These repeated amino acid sequences probably created an extensive alpha-helix region within the TmpB proteins. As with T. pallidum, the stop codon of the T. phagedenis tmpA gene overlapped the start codon of its tmpB gene. Northern blot analysis showed that the T. phagedenis tmpA and tmpB genes were probably transcribed into a single 2.5-kb mRNA molecule. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis demonstrated that both proteins were expressed by T. phagedenis. The high degree of amino acid sequence conservation seen with the TmpA and TmpB proteins from two different Treponema species suggests that they may play crucial roles in the biology of these organisms.
Exaggerated Neutrophil-Mediated Reperfusion Injury after Ischemic Stroke in a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Please cite this paper as: Ritter, Davidson, Henry, Davis-Gorman, Morrison, Frye, Cohen, Chandler, McDonagh and Funk (2011). Exaggerated Neutrophil-Mediated Reperfusion Injury after Ischemic Stroke in a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Microcirculation 18(7), 552–561. Abstract Objective: We tested the hypothesis that both chronic and acute inflammatory processes contribute to worse reperfusion injury and stroke outcome in an experimental model of T2DM. Materials and Methods: Twelve- to thirteen-week-old male Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats vs. Zucker Lean Controls (ZLC) rats were tested at baseline and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (ischemia) and reperfusion (I–R). Neutrophil adhesion to the cerebral microcirculation, neutrophil expression of CD11b, infarction size, edema, neurologic function, sICAM, and cerebral expression of neutrophil–endothelial inflammatory genes were measured. Results: At baseline, CD11b and sICAM were significantly increased in ZDF vs. ZLC animals (p < 0.05). After I–R, significantly more neutrophil adhesion and cell aggregates were observed in ZDF vs. ZLC (p < 0.05); infarction size, edema, and neurologic function were significantly worse in ZDF vs. ZLC (p < 0.05). CD11b and sICAM-1 remained significantly increased in ZDFs (p < 0.05), and cerebral expression of IL-1β, GRO/KC, E-selectin, and sICAM were significantly induced in ZDF, but not ZLC groups (p < 0.05) after 2.5 hours of reperfusion. Conclusion: Both sides of the neutrophil–endothelial interface appear to be primed prior to I–R, and remain significantly more activated during I–R in an experimental model of T2DM. Consequently, reperfusion injury appears to play a significant role in poor stroke outcome in T2DM.
Toxicity of acephate to larvae of gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method

We examined toxicity of acephate to third-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), under different conditions of administration method, availability of food to larvae during bioassay, host plant, and activity of detoxifying enzymes. Larvae that had been fed field-collected foliage of white alder (Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.) were less susceptible 48 h after treatment with topically applied acephate if they were allowed to continue feeding on foliage during the bioassay period (LD 50 = 60.6 μg/g larva) than if they were not (LD 50 = 13.5 μg/g larva). All surviving larvae were replaced on their original food plant after the 48-h bioassay; of these, 14.4% of the larvae not fed during treatment died before pupation, compared with 1.3% of the larvae fed alder during treatment. The LD 50 obtained for topically treated larvae reared and treated on Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, (51.1 μg/g larva) was comparable to that obtained for larvae fed alder (60.0 μg/g larva) throughout treatment. Larvae treated orally with acephate, however, were slightly more susceptible when reared on Douglas-fir (LC 50 , 20.3 ppm) than when reared on alder (LC 50 , 27.0 ppm). Post-treatment mortality in orally treated larvae was 10.3% in those fed alder and 9.5% in those fed Douglas-fir. Higher cytochrome P-450 activities in larvae reared on Douglas-fir apparently did not enhance tolerance to acephate. Both sexes of orally treated larvae took significantly longer to pupate than did controls on both foliage types, as did topically treated males fed Douglas-fir. Pupal weight generally was slightly, but not always significantly, higher in treated than untreated larvae under all dietary and treatment regimes.
Electrochemical method for the determination of aniline hydroxylation in liver.

Abstract A rapid electrochemical method for the measurement of aniline hydroxylase activity directly in liver homogenates is described. Metabolism is monitored by direct introduction of a three-electrode assembly into incubation mixtures containing liver suspensions. The assay is based on the anodic oxidation of the metabolite, p -aminophenol, at a carbon-paste electrode. Kinetic constants for aniline hydroxylase are determined electrochemically and compared with values derived from classical indophenol procedures. The electrochemical assay permits the detection of 1 × 10 −6 m p -aminophenol in microsomal suspensions with 3–5% accuracy.
Real-time quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in liquid medium using infrared thermography

Abstract We previously showed that infrared thermography (IRT) could be used to quantify viable Escherichia coli, a representative gram-negative bacterium, in liquid growth media. Here, we evaluated the ability of IRT to enumerate a viable representative gram-positive organism, Staphylococcus aureus. We found that the energy content (EC) of the media was strongly positively correlated (r = 0.999) to measured viable counts of S. aureus ranging from 85 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml to ∼4 × 108 CFU/ml. The EC of S. aureus was ∼2-fold higher than that of E. coli at comparable cell concentrations suggesting that IRT may be used to distinguish genera.
Dietary intake and microsatellite instability in colon tumors.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in approximately 15% of colon tumors. Other than relatively rare mutations in mismatch repair genes, the causes of MSI are not generally known. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary intake of nutrients previously reported as being associated with colon cancer relate specifically to the MSI disease pathway. Data from a population-based case-control study of adenocarcinoma of the colon were used to evaluate associations between dietary intake and MSI. Participants were between 30 and 79 years of age at time of diagnosis and included both men and women. Dietary intake data were obtained from a computerized diet history questionnaire. MSI was evaluated in several ways: by a panel of 10 tetranucleotide repeats, and by 2 mononucleotide repeats, BAT-26 and TGFbetaRII. A total of 1,510 cases had valid study data and tumor DNA on which we were able to obtain MSI status. Cases with and without MSI were compared with dietary data reported by 2,410 population-based controls to determine dietary associations that may be different for these 2 subsets of cases. We compared dietary intake for cases with and without MSI to further determine associations that are specific to the MSI disease pathway. When comparing MSI+ to MSI- tumors we observed that long-term alcohol consumption, especially intake of liquor, increased the probability of having a tumor with MSI [odds ratio (OR) for MSI+ vs. MSI- tumors for alcohol 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.5; OR for liquor 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4]. The likelihood of having MSI in the tumor from the combined effects of high alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes showed a 70% excess in risk from the additive model. There were some suggestions that high intakes of refined grain might also be associated with MSI+ tumors, although associations were less consistent. Risk estimates for most other dietary factors did not differ substantially by MSI status. Data from this large population-based case-control study of colon cancer indicate that alcohol consumption, especially consumption of liquor, may increase the odds of an MSI+ tumor. Most other dietary factors do not appear operate exclusively in the MSI+ disease pathway.
Partial termination rule of Lagrangian relaxation for manufacturing cell formation problems

Abstract Mathematical programming models for manufacturing cell formation problems are primarily integer programming models with the special structure of being “multidivision problems”. Lagrangian relaxation has been one of the best decomposition approaches and enabled the solution of problems of practical size. This research develops a partial termination rule for the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. While the existing algorithm solves all submodels in each iteration, the partial termination rule recognizes early termination of some submodels. This results in a substantial reduction of computation while generating the same solution. The new termination rule is proven mathematically. Thus, its applicability extends beyond the solution of the manufacturing cell formation problem.
Systemic 3-nitropropionic acid: long-term effects on locomotor behavior

Systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) results in striatal atropy by irreversibly inhibiting the citric acid cycle, and thereby resulting in cellular ATP depletion. The neuropathological outcome following 3-NP injections is thought to resemble that seen in Huntington's disease (HD) [1]. The current study administered systemic injections in 6- and 10-week-old rats of low-dose 3-NP every other 4 days for a period of 28 days in order to investigate the effects on locomotor behavior and striatal D1 dopamine receptor binding. Experimental and control animals received intraperitoneal injections of 3-NP (10 mg/kg in 0.9% saline) and 0.9% saline, respectively. Animals were tested behaviorally prior to the first and after the last 3-NP administration. Brains were then removed and striatal tissue samples were analyzed for D1 dopamine receptor binding using [3H]SCH23390. Behaviorally, 6-week-old injected animals developed bradykinesia with no signs of stiffness or rigidity, while 10-week-old injected animals displayed an uncoordinated gait, stiffness and ventral recumbency with hind limbs extended in a rigid or fixed position. These visual observations of hypoactivity were supported by a significant decline in both experimental groups' locomotor activity as measured by Digiscan monitors. Furthermore, [3H]SCH23390 specific binding to D1 dopamine receptors revealed a small but significant decrease in 10-week-old injected animals compared to controls. These results demonstrate that both 6- and 10-week-old rats do exhibit behavioral alterations after long-term 3-NP administration, however the former may not show accompanying gross D1 receptor changes.
Images of leadership: Black vs. White

The following study is a descriptive analysis of differences in the perceptions of the messages of sets of six eminent Black and six white political leaders, respectively, by groups of Black and white junior and senior level college students. It was found that the messages of these Black leaders were judged to be different from those of their white counterparts on half of the 60 communication dimensions tested. It was further found that groups of Black and white students differed on the importances placed on the standards of message judgment for about 30% of these dimensions. Interactions between race of judge and race of leader occurred on nearly 28% of the dimensions, with whites generally rating the white leaders higher and Blacks rating the Black leaders higher.
TESTING FOR TREND STATIONARITY VERSUS DIFFERENCE STATIONARITY

. Testing the null hypothesis that a process is difference stationary has received considerable attention in the past decade. Recently, there has been some interest in testing the null hypothesis that a process is a sum of a linear trend and a stationary invertible noise sequence. In this paper we present procedures for testing the null hypothesis that a process is trend stationary against the alternative that the process is difference stationary. A Monte Carlo study is presented to study the behavior of the proposed test criteria. Average global temperature data are used to illustrate the test criteria.
Quasi-Fully Dynamic Algorithms for Two-Connectivity and Cycle Equivalence

We introduce a new class of dynamic graph algorithms called quasi-fully dynamic algorithms , which are much more general than backtracking algorithms and are much simpler than fully dynamic algorithms. These algorithms are especially suitable for applications in which a certain core connected portion of the graph remains fixed, and fully dynamic updates occur on the remaining edges in the graph. We present very simple quasi-fully dynamic algorithms with O(log n) worst-case time per operation for 2-edge connectivity and O(log n) amortized time per operation for cycle equivalence. The former is deterministic while the latter is Monte-Carlo-type randomized. For 2-vertex connectivity, we give a deterministic quasi-fully dynamic algorithm with O(log 3 n) amortized time per operation. The quasi-fully dynamic algorithm we present for cycle equivalence (which has several applications in optimizing compilers) is of special interest since the algorithm is quite simple, and no special-purpose incremental or backtracking algorithm is known for this problem.
Coexisting intraductal breast carcinoma and metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting as a breast mass

Identifying choriocarcinoma in breast tissue is a rare phenomenon. This report describes an unusual case of metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting as a breast mass and coexisting with an intraductal breast carcinoma. This is the first documented case of a choriocarcinoma metastatic to the breast that has responded to chemotherapy.
Diastereoisomerism, contact points, and chiral selectivity: a four-site saga.

In biology, chiral recognition usually implies the ability of a protein, such as an enzyme or a drug receptor, to distinguish between the two enantiomeric forms of a chiral substrate or drug. Both diastereoisomerism and specific contacts between enzyme/receptor and substrate/drug are necessary. The minimum requirement is for four contact points including four nonplanar atoms (or groups of atoms) in both probe and target. The molecular models described by Easson and Stedman and by Ogston require three binding sites in a plane. A modified model with three binding sites in three dimensions is described. Under certain circumstances this model allows binding of both enantiomeric forms of a substrate or a drug. Enantiomer superposition of two enantiomers at an active site occurs in some specific cases (e.g., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, isocitrate dehydrogenase) and is likely in others. The nature of enantiomer binding to racemase enzymes is discussed.
Reengineering archival access through the OAI protocols

The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) Protocol for Metadata Harvesting presents one promising method by which metadata regarding archives and manuscripts can be shared and made more interoperable with metadata from other sources. Against the background of archival descriptive theory and practice, this article outlines a method for exposing deep, hierarchical metadata from encoded archival description (EAD) files and assesses some theoretical and practical issues that will need to be confronted by institutions choosing to provide or harvest OAI records generated from EAD files. Using OAI on top of existing EAD implementations would allow institutions to repurpose their data and potentially reach more users but would also accelerate the process of reengineering archival access mechanisms. Archivists and technologists using OAI with EAD must pay careful attention to the necessity of preserving archival context and provenance.
Role of hydrolyzed cations in the natural hydrophobicity of talc

Abstract Microflotation and electrokinetic studies indicate that the nonpolar (face) and polar (edge) surfaces of talc are affected differently by the adsorption of the hydrolyzed metal cations. The natural hydrophobicity of talc is unaltered by the presence of the hydroxo complex species of Al(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III), whereas the zeta potential of talc changes sign from negative to positive through the strong adsorption of these complex species onto the polar surfaces. Upon the precipitation of the cations to metal hydroxides the nonpolar surfaces are rendered hydrophilic at pH's below the PZC of the metal hydroxides, probably due to heterocoagulation of the metal precipitate on both the nonpolar and polar surfaces.
A new perturbation solution to the Michaelis‐Menten problem

We develop a new dimensionless representation of the time-dependent mass balances for the Michaelis–Menten (MM) reaction mechanism; we identify several dimensionless parameters that control the fundamental nature of the solution; and we solve the scaled equations with a combined regular and singular perturbation expansion. Unlike several approximate solutions to the MM problem offered previously in the literature, each of which is valid only for some limited range of conditions, the new solution converges accurately for any combination of initial substrate concentration, initial enzyme concentration, and kinetic rate constants. We discuss the physical significance and interdependence of the dimensionless parameters that emerge from our scaling analysis; we use these parameters to categorize previous approximations for the MM problem and to delimit their accuracy; and we verify the accuracy of our solution via comparisons to an exact numerical solution and various approximations offered previously by others. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Ovarian and endocrine responses and reproductive performance following GnRH treatment in early postpartum dairy cows

Abstract At calving forty-eight Holstein and Guernsey cows were assigned according to age and breed to one of six postpartum periods (1 or 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8, 12 or 13 and 18 or 19 days postpartum). Thirty-six of the cows (6 cows per postpartum period) received a single intramuscular injection of 100 μg GnRH. The other twelve cows (2 cows per postpartum period) served as controls and received a single intramuscular injection of the carrier vehicle for GnRH. Four of 36 cows administered GnRH and three of the 12 control cows ovulated by the day following treatment. Four of the cows were 12 or 13 days postpartum (1 control and 3 GnRH treated) and three were 18 or 19 days postpartum (2 controls and 1 GnRH treated). Six of the seven cows that ovulated the day following treatment had a follicle > 1.0 cm the day prior to treatment. Follicular growth was detected in the earlier postpartum periods but ovulation the following day was not detected for either control or GnRH treated cows. Following estrus or silent estrus, plasma progesterone concentrations increased to about 4 ng/ml on day 13. However, in cows ovulating the day following GnRH treatment, plasma progesterone declined from about 3 ng/ml on day 9 to approximately 1 ng/ml on day 13 postestrus. In addition, LH in plasma was higher (P In summary, in addition to days postpartum other factors including follicular development and maturity are probably involved in GnRH induced ovulation.
A Postmitotic Role for Isl-Class LIM Homeodomain Proteins in the Assignment of Visceral Spinal Motor Neuron Identity

LIM homeobox genes have a prominent role in the regulation of neuronal subtype identity and distinguish motor neuron subclasses in the embryonic spinal cord. We have investigated the role of Isl-class LIM homeodomain proteins in motor neuron diversification using mouse genetic methods. All spinal motor neuron subtypes initially express both Isl1 and Isl2, but Isl2 is rapidly downregulated by visceral motor neurons. Mouse embryos lacking Isl2 function exhibit defects in the migration and axonal projections of thoracic level motor neurons that appear to reflect a cell-autonomous switch from visceral to somatic motor neuron character. Additional genetic mutations that reduce or eliminate both Isl1 and Isl2 activity result in more pronounced defects in visceral motor neuron generation and erode somatic motor neuron character. Thus, an early phase of high Isl expression and activity in newly generated motor neurons permits the diversification of visceral and somatic motor neuron subtypes in the developing spinal cord.
Racial Differences in the Effect of a Telephone-Delivered Hypertension Disease Management Program

BACKGROUND African Americans are significantly more likely than whites to have uncontrolled hypertension, contributing to significant disparities in cardiovascular disease and events.