Coastal zone management handbook

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Introduction. Management Goals and Purposes: Sustainable Use of Resources. Biological Diversity. Protection Against Natural Hazards. Pollution Control. Economic Development Management and Planning. Enhancement of Social Welfare of Coastal Communities. Optimum Mix of Uses. Development Impacts: General Issues. Agriculture. Aquaculture. Forest Industries. Heavy Industry. Infrastructure. Mining. National Security. Petroleum Industry. Ports and Marinas. Tourism. Settlements. Shore Protection Works. Waste Disposal. Water Supply Projects. Marine Excavation. Solutions Through Management: The Integrated Approach. The Search for Sustainable Yield. Biodiversity Conservation. Natural Hazards. Hinterlands. Management Functions. Designing an ICZM Program. Joint Management of Land and Sea. Non-Integrated Option. Strategy Planning: The Process. Objectives. Policy Formulation. Issues Analysis. Dimensions of Coastal Zone. Seastorms and Other Hazards. Hinterlands. Pollution. Biological Diversity. Multiple Use. Integration. Institutional Mechanisms. Legislation. Project Review, Permits, and Environmental Assessment. Setbacks. Incremental Approach. Participation. Motivation. Addressing Socio-Economic Concerns. Alternative Livelihoods. Information. Comparable Planning. Program Development: Orientation of a Program. Master Plan. Jurisdiction. Land Use. Regulatory Program - Permits and Reviews. Environmental Assessment. Protected Areas. Situation Management. Information Services. Technical Services. Restoration and Rehabilitation. Operational Format. Program Evaluation. MANAGEMENT METHODS Aquaculture Management. Awareness. Baseline and Monitoring. Beach Management. Boundaries. Construction Management. Coral Reef Management. Coral Reef Survey Methods. Ecologically Critical Areas Identification. Database Development. Dredging Management. Dune Management. Economic Impact Assessment. Environmental Assessment. Environmental Management Plan. Floodlands. Historical-Archeological Sites Impact Assessment. Institutional Analysis. Issues Analysis. Management Plan. Mangrove Forest Management. Mapping. Master Plan. Mitigation. Monitoring and Baseline. Nutrients Management. Ocean Outfall Placement. Oxygen: BOD/COD Measurement. Project Review and Permits. Protected Natural Areas. Public Participation in Planning. Rehabilitation. Retreat. Septic Tanks Placement. Setbacks. Sewage Management. Shoreline Construction Management. Situation Management. Social Impact Assessment. Strategy Plan. Tiers for Management. Traditional Use Arrangements. Turbidity Measurement. Urban Runoff Management. Water Quality Management: Coastal Waters. Water Quality Management: Coral Reefs. Zoning. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION Agricultural. Airfields. Alternative Livelihoods. Aquaculture. Artificial Reefs. Barrier Islands. Beach Erosion. Beach Fill. Beach Resources. Biological Diversity. Biosphere Reserves. Biotoxins. Carrying Capacity. Ciguatera. CITES. The Commons. Conflict Resolution. Coral Reef Resources. Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons. Decentralized Management. Diversity Index. Dredging Techniques. Dynamite Fishing. Ecodevelopment. Economic Benefits of Protected Areas. Economic Valuation. Ecosystems. Ecotourism. Education. Electric Power Generation. Endangered Species. Environmental Audit. Eutrophication. Exclusive Economic Zone. Exotics. Explosives. Fisheries. Genetic Diversity. Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Global Warming. Greenbelt. Impact Types. Indicator Species. Industrial Pollution. Information Needs. Inlets. International Assistance Agencies. Kelp Beds. Lagoons, Estuaries, and Embayments. Littoral Drift. Mangrove Forest Resources. Marinas. Marshlands. Mining. Multiple Use of Resources. Multiple-Use Management Authorities. Natural Hazards. Nature Synchronous Design. Noise and Disturbance. Nurture Areas. Oxygen. Participation. Pathogens. Performance Standards. Petroleum Industries. Political Motivation. Pollution. Ports and Harbors. Principles and Premises. Ramsar Convention. Rapid Rural Appraisal. Red Tide. Regional Development Planning. Remote Sensing. Research Needs. Restoration and Rehabilitation. Risk Assessment. Roadways, Causeways, and Bridges. Salinity. Salt Water Intrusion. Sand Mining. Seagrass Meadows. Sea Level Rise. Sediments and Soils. Settlements. Sewage Treatment. Shellfish Pollution. Site Management and Housekeeping. Social Equity. Socio-Economic Factors. Solid Wastes. Storm Surge. Subsidence. Suspended Particulate Matter. Sustainable Use. Terms of Reference. Tideflats. Tides. Tourism. Toxic Substances. Traditional Uses. Training. Transparency of Water. Tsunamis. Turtles. Underwater Fishing. Watersheds and Upland Effects. Waves. Wetlands. Zona Publica. CASE HISTORIES Australia. Barbados. Bermuda. Bonaire. Canada. China. Costa Rica. Ecuador. Egypt. Grenada. India. Indonesia. Italy. Malaysia. Maldives. Mexico. Netherlands. Oman. Philippines. St. Lucia. Solomon Islands. South Pacific. Sri Lanka. Tanzania. Thailand. Trinidad and Tobago. Turks and Caicos. United States. Vietnam. West Indies. REFERENCES GLOSSARY APPENDICES Countries with Coastal Zone Management Programs. Conversion Data INDEX