cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of platelet-activating factor with cultured guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells

The present study has examined the interaction of platelet-activating factor (PAF) with cultured guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells (GTE). PAF stimulated GTE to release endogenous arachidonic acid and metabolize it to prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha). Prostanoid production by GTE in response to PAF was dose-dependent (0.1-100 nM) and was maximal within 5 min. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels increased by 3.3 +/- 0.8 and 3.2 +/- 0.6 ng/10(6) cells respectively over basal levels in response to 100 nM-PAF. The ability of GTE to synthesize and/or catabolize PAF was also examined. GTE readily incorporated [3H]acetate into a product which migrated on t.l.c. with PAF. However, further characterization of this product suggested that label had not been incorporated into PAF, but rather that it was incorporated into another lipid product with chromatographic characteristics similar to those of PAF. In contrast, GTE readily metabolized PAF to inactive products. When [3H]PAF was incubated with GTE, 50% of the total [3H]PAF added was catabolized in approx. 15 min. The major route of catabolism of PAF by GTE was the deacetylation-reacylation pathway, which yielded 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine. Determination of the nature of the long-chain acyl group incorporated into the sn-2 position of the newly synthesized products revealed that oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids present. Taken together, these results suggest that respiratory epithelial cells respond to stimulation by PAF with enhanced production of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, and also have the capacity to modulate inflammatory reactions in the airways by their ability to degrade this potent inflammatory mediator.
Founding Brothers: Leland, Buck, and Cappon and the Formation of the Archives Profession (Session 404)

This session on archives history examines the role of three individuals—Waldo G. Leland (1879-1966), Solon J. Buck (1884-1962), and Lester J. Cappon (1900-1981)—in the formation of the archives profession in the United States in the first three-quarters of the twentieth century. These "founding brothers" published extensively, but they also created and maintained personal manuscript collections that reflect how they viewed themselves and how they wanted to be remembered. Four archivists/historians track through the lenses of the papers of the "founding brothers" the emergence of professional history to the beginnings of public history with their alliance and tension with archival science as a distinct profession.
Regional and segmental localization of AE2 anion exchanger mRNA and protein in rat kidney

Pages F461–F468: F. C. Brosius III, K. Nguyen, A. K. Stuart-Tilley, C. Haller, J. P. Briggs, and S. L. Alper. “Regional and segmental localization of AE2 anion exchanger mRNA and protein in rat kid...
Successful Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia with the Recommended Renally Adjusted Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Regimen

Introduction Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is a novel antibiotic approved for complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including some MDR strains. Little is known about the use of this agent for treatment of bacteremia and even less so about the appropriateness of the renally defined regimens. We describe a case of a 66-year-old man with a history of chronic kidney disease (baseline Cr = 3–4 mg/dl) and recurrent nephrolithiasis with bilateral stents who had positive concurrent urine and blood cultures for MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA), susceptible only to amikacin and colistin. Due to the MDR phenotype and his underlying kidney disease, the 375 mg (250 mg/125 mg) dose of C/T was given as monotherapy every 8 h for his bloodstream infection.
Diurnal Flight Activity of Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasitoid of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in the Field

We studied the diurnal flight activity of Diadeg>ma insulare (Cresson) at the Collins Road Entomology Research Farm Michigan State University during the summers of 1992 and 1993. Foraging activity was measured using sticky traps placed within the broccoli canopy and by direct visual observation. Flight activity of D. insulare males was positively correlated with light intensity, whereas activity of females was positively correlated with light intensity, temperature, and wind speed. Relative humidity, percentage cloud cover, and time of day did not influence D. insulare catch. There was no significant difference between male and female catch. The patterns of males' and females' flight activity throughout the day were significantly different from a uniform distribution except on 14 and 22 August 1993 for males and 14 August for females. Activity generally began between 0800 and 1000 hours, peaked between 1100 to 1300 hours, and stopped by 2100 hours. There was no significant correlation between the numbers of males and females caught on the same trap, suggesting that an increase in numbers of females does not attract more males. Males were caught more frequently than females in September of both years, suggesting that males were more abundant or active at the end of the season. The total numbers caught (both sexes) at different times of the day in sticky traps were generally proportional to the numbers of parasitoid visually observed. The numbers of D. insulare caught were positively correlated with the numbers of diamondback moth larvae per plant. This information could be useful for developing a model that can predict the peak diurnal activity of D. insulare in the field which would help with decisions on whether pesticides should be sprayed.
Temperature-Dependent Functional Response of the Parasitoid Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) Attacking Rusty Grain Beetle Larvae (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

The effects of host density and temperature on the functional response of the bethylid parasitoid Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan) attacking fourth-instar rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were examined. Five temperatures and six host densities were used. A type II functional response model was fit separately to each temperature. The maximum attack rate ranged from 7.5 larvae/12 h at 25°C, to 2.9 larvae/12 h at 38°C. Handling time and instantaneous search rate varied with temperature. A new functional response equation was developed in which handling time is a quadratic function of temperature. This equation explained 83% of the variation in attack rate. Although instantaneous search rate was also affected by temperature, it was sufficient to make only handling time a function of temperature because the two parameters were highly correlated.
Effects of Azithromycin on Recurrence or Relapse of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Objective To explore the intervention effect of azithromycin on recurrence and (or) relapse caused by glucocorticoid (GC) reduction in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Methods One hundred and seventy-nine patients with relapse/recurrence of PNS were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Patients were treated with azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day, 3 days for a course in treatment group. Patients in control group were given non-macrolide antibiotics. The clinical and laboratory data including age, gender, weight, repeated/recurrence condition, the total duration of PNS, the daily dosage and the cumulative total application time of GC, 24 h urine protein quantitative (24 h - Upro), blood total protein (Tp), albumin (Alb), cholesterol (Tcho), urea nitrogen (Bun), serum creatinine (Scr), immune globulin (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), complement (C3 and C4) and blood mycoplasma IgM antibody positive ratio, were analyzed by single and multiple regression analysis. Results There were no significant differences in clinical and laboratory data between treatment group and control group and between azithromycin effective group and azithromycin ineffective group. There was significant difference in the efficiency between treatment group (75.28%) and control group (34.44%). There were also significant differences in the urinary protein qualitative degree and the duration of urine protein before the treatment between the azithromycin effective group and azithromycin ineffective group. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the higher efficiency appeared with the shorter duration of urinary protein before treatment. Conclusion Azithromycin is effective in the early stage of PNS relapse/recurrence in children. Azithromycin may be used as a steroid-sparing medicine to provide a new treatment option in PNS children with relapse or recurrence.
Effect Evaluation of a Short-term Intervention on Tuberculosis Health Education in a Secondary School in Jianyang City

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on tuberculosis(TB)related in a secondary school in Jianyang city for formulating improved health education measures towards TB.Methods A sample size of 400 students in a secondary school were selected with cluster random sampling method and were investigated with the same investigator-administered questionnaire before and one month after health education,which include pamphlets,poster,PPT presentation and TB knowledge contest.The results of the questionnaires before and one month after the intervention were compared and analyzed.Results After tuberculosis health education,the awareness rate of core knowledge of TB prevention and treatment were significantly increased from44.25%to 83.70%(χ2=37.27,P 0.01),to be specifically:awareness rate of"most common symptoms of TB patients"increased from 27.5%to 38.25%; "diagnosis basis for pulmonary TB",6.00% to 11.00%; "most important measures for TB control",42.25% to 56.25%; "the designated tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment institutions in Jianyang city",30.00%to 41.00%. Conclusion The health education on tuberculosis has remarkable intervention effects in significantly increasing the cognition rate of TB among the secondary students.
Crystal structure of tetra-aqua-(di-methyl-formamide)-tetra-kis-(μ-N,2-dioxido-benzene-1-carboximidato)tetra-kis-(μ-tri-methyl-acetato)-tetra-manganese(III)sodiumyttrium-di-methyl-formamide-water (1/8.04/0.62).

The synthesis and crystal structure for the title compound, [YNaMn4(C7H4NO3)4(C5H9O2)4(H2O)3.76(C3H7NO)0.24]·8.04C3H7NO·0.62H2O or [YIIINa(OTMA)4[12-MCMn(III)N(shi)-4](H2O)3.76(DMF)0.24·8.04DMF·0.62H2O, where OTMA is tri­methyl­acetate, MC is metallacrown, shi3− is salicyl­hydroximate, and DMF is N,N-di­methyl­formamide, is reported. The macrocyclic metallacrown consists of an –[MnIII–N–O]4– ring repeat unit, and the metallacrown captures one YIII ion and one NaI ion in the central cavity on opposite faces of the metallacrown. Overall the metallacrown is domed towards the side of the NaI ion. Both the YIII and NaI ions are eight-coordinate, and the tri­methyl­acetate anions bridge the central YIII to each ring MnIII ion. The ring MnIII ions are six-coordinate with a tetra­gonally distorted octa­hedral geometry.
Human-Centered Design in Practice: Roles, Definitions, and Communication

Human-centered design philosophy proposes that end users be at the center of technical system designs. Building on a seminal study by Gould and Lewis, we present findings from two surveys that explored the practice of building interactive systems from the perspective of information and communication technology (ICT) professionals. We generated ICT job descriptions based on a lexicon derived from practitioners’ own words. We found that while “human-centeredness” has risen among ICT professionals, our respondents varied significantly in how they considered the original three Gould and Lewis principles with respect to their job titles and roles. We thus argue that tools that support clear communication among roles are critical; in this project, we analyzed personas as a common ICT communication tool. While personas were generally perceived positively, persona creators need to consider factors that contribute to buy-in from design teams, including quality research and effective presentation.
A tale of two temporal coding strategies: Common and dissociable brain regions involved in recency versus associative temporal order retrieval strategies

Numerous studies indicate the importance of the hippocampus to temporal order retrieval. However, behavioral studies suggest that there are different ways to retrieve temporal order information from encoded sequences, one involving an associative strategy retrieving associations using neighboring items in a list and another involving a recency strategy determining which of two items came first. It remains unresolved, however, whether both strategies recruit the hippocampus or only associative strategies, consistent with the hippocampus's role in relational processing. To address this, we developed a paradigm in which we dissociated associative versus recency-based retrieval, involving the same stimulus presentation during retrieval. Associative retrieval involved an increase in RT and decrease in performance with greater distances between intervals, consistent with the need to retrieve intervening associations. Recency-based retrieval involved an increase in RT and decrease in performance with shorter distances between intervals, suggesting the use of a strength-based coding mechanism to retrieve information. We employed fMRI to determine the neural basis of the different strategies. Both strategies showed significant levels of hippocampal activation and connectivity that did not differ between tasks. In contrast, both univariate and connectivity pattern analyses revealed differences in extrahippocampal areas such as parietal and frontal cortices. A covariate analysis suggested that differences could not be explained by task difficulty alone. Together, these findings suggest that the hippocampus plays a role in both forms of temporal order retrieval, with neocortical networks mediating the different cognitive demands for associative versus recency-based temporal order retrieval.
Evolution of Gene Expression Balance Among Homeologs of Natural Polyploids

Polyploidy is a major evolutionary process in eukaryotes, yet the expression balance of homeologs in natural polyploids is largely unknown. To study this expression balance, the expression patterns of 2180 structurally well-characterized genes of wheat were studied, of which 813 had the expected three copies and 375 had less than three. Copy numbers of the remaining 992 ranged from 4 to 14, including homeologs, orthologs, and paralogs. Of the genes with three structural copies corresponding to homeologs, 55% expressed from all three, 38% from two, and the remaining 7% expressed from only one of the three copies. Homeologs of 76-87% of the genes showed differential expression patterns in different tissues, thus have evolved different gene expression controls, possibly resulting in novel functions. Homeologs of 55% of the genes showed tissue-specific expression, with the largest percentage (14%) in the anthers and the smallest (7%) in the pistils. The highest number (1.72/3) of homeologs/gene expression was in the roots and the lowest (1.03/3) in the anthers. As the expression of homeologs changed with changes in structural copy number, about 30% of the genes showed dosage dependence. Chromosomal location also impacted expression pattern as a significantly higher proportion of genes in the proximal regions showed expression from all three copies compared to that present in the distal regions.
CSR Discovery Horizons

This final chapter summarizes the differences between the dissociative and associative executive and describes the latter as having the potential to become an enlightened leader who can discover how to bring about a higher form of profit. Swanson asserts that the potential for corporate social responsibility is expansive, if discovery executives set standards that prompt virtuous cycles of CSR innovations in their industries. This chapter also identifies areas ripe for further research, including how boards of directors, lower and middle managers, and public policy makers can influence socially responsible discovery leadership. In terms of public policy, the relatively new benefit corporation is highlighted as a vanguard vehicle for discovery leadership that bears watching. Finally, Swanson calls for business education that breaks ranks with myopic dissociation and delivers an associative approach to business and society that promotes shared value consciousness.
Open notes: A qualitative study of oncology patients’ experiences reading their cancer care notes.

33Background: Electronic medical record systems and patient portals increasingly allow patients direct access to their clinicians’ notes.While most believe that open notes benefit patients, some suggest negative consequences. Little is known about cancer patients’ experiences reading their own medical records outside of the primary care setting. We aimed to describe the experiences of patients with advanced cancer who read their own cancer care notes. Methods: We recruited 20 adult patients with metastatic or incurable cancer who were receiving active cancer treatment to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interview included four segments: assessing patients' overall experience reading notes, discussing how notes affected their cancer care experiences, having them read a real note with the interviewer, and making suggestions for improving notes. We used a constant comparison approach to analyze the qualitative data. Results: Four main themes emerged; patients reported that notes: (a...
Matlab software for impedance spectroscopy designed for neuroscience applications.

Abstract Background Metal electrodes are a mainstay of neuroscience. Characterization of the electrical impedance properties of these cuffs is important to ensure successful and repeatable fabrication, achieve a target impedance, revise novel designs, and quantify the success or failure of implantation and any potential subsequent damage or encapsulation by scar tissue. New methods Impedances are frequently characterized using lumped-parameter circuit models of the electrode–electrolyte interface. Open-source tools to gather and analyze these frequency sweep data are lacking. Here, we present such software, in the form of Matlab code, which includes a GUI. It automatically acquires frequency sweep data and subsequently fits a simplified Randles model to these data, over a user specified frequency range, providing the user with the model parameter estimates. Also, it can measure an unknown impedance of an element over a range of frequencies, as long as an external resistor can be added for the measurements. Results The tool was tested on five bright platinum nerve cuffs in vitro. The average charge transfer resistance, solution resistance, CPE value, and impedance magnitude were estimated. Comparison to existing methods The measured values of the impedance of cuffs were in agreement with the literature ( Wei and Grill, 2009 ). Variation between cuffs fabricated as consistently as possible amounted to 10% for impedance magnitude and 4° for impedance phase. Conclusion The results show that this low-cost tool can be used to characterize a cuff across different conditions including after implantation. The latter makes it useful for a longer-term study of electrode viability.
Synthesis of rigid rod polymers. I, diphenylthiazolothiazole pendant group

Rigid rod polymers containing long rigid side chains have been prepared. The initial approach to this class of materials involved the synthesis of a poly (p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPT) backbone with diphenylthiazolothiazole pendant groups. The synthesis and preliminary characterization of the monomer and polymer are reported.
Resident Education through Adult Learning: Two Years of Experience (P3.015)

Objective: To enhance residency education by implementing the six principles of adult learning theory (ALT) in a large academic neurology residency program. Background: Medical education has been strongly impacted by the androgogical understanding of adult learners through ALT proposed by Malcolm Knowles. Yet there is scarce data about the application of ALT-based educational curricula in GME programs, specifically in neurology. We hypothesized that the implementation of ALT-based curriculum is an effective and feasible intervention to enhance residency education. Design/Methods: We implemented a set of curricular interventions aimed at Resident Education through Adult Learning in Neurology (REAL Neurology), in a large, academic neurology residency program. Interventions included didactic reform, increasing resident-as-teacher activities and enhancing residents’ interaction. The primary outcome was the mean Residency In-service Training Examination (RITE) percentile compared between the pre- and post-intervention cohorts, adjusting for USMLE step 1 and 2 score. Other analysis included evaluating the effect of the duration of exposure to the intervention on outcome and evaluating the impact of the intervention on the proportion of advanced performers. Results: 134 RITE score reports were evaluated (87 pre and 47 post intervention). The mean RITE score percentile post-intervention was 11.7 points higher than pre-intervention (adjusted, longitudinal analysis: fit linear mixed model, p Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of an ALT-based curricular program in neurology education. The results show robust and sustainable benefit without imposing a financial or logistical burden on programs. REAL Neurology could serve as a model for curricular reform in other programs across subspecialties. Disclosure: Dr. Shoirah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ntranos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brandstadter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Medina-Gallagher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kwan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krieger has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with acorda, bayer, biogen, emd serono, genentech, genzyme, mallinckrodt, medday, novartis, teva, and tg therapeutics .
Vertical Jets from Standing Waves; The Bazooka Effect

It is shown that a sufficient condition for the occurrence of a high vertical acceleration in a two-dimensional standing wave is for the initial profile of to have a narrow trough that is approximately circular. In such cases we find vertical accelerations of the free surface exceeding 109. Much higher accelerations are obtained when the initial wave trough is somewhat flattened so that jets emerging from the two corners of the trough meet on the axis of symmetry. In such a case we find accelerations exceeding 100g.
Exploring the Viability of Exogenous Ketones as Weight Loss Supplements (P21-017-19)

70.7% of Americans over 20 years of age are overweight or obese. Currently, the main strategy for weight loss is caloric restriction. Ketone bodies have been shown to facilitate voluntary caloric restriction through altering the appetite stimulating hormone ghrelin. However, these non-toxic ketone bodies have not been evaluated as weight loss supplements. C57BL6J mice were used to determine the weight loss efficacy of exogenous ketones by adding synthetic (R/S 1,3-Butanediol Acetoacetate Diester and 1,3-Butanediol) and natural (Beta-hydroxybutyrate and Beta-hydroxybutyrate + Medium Chain Triglycerides) ketogenic agents to standard rodent chow ab-libitum. Six groups (R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester, 1,3-butanediol, beta-hydroxybutyrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate + medium chain triglycerides, caloric restriction, standard diet ad-libitum) were housed 2–5 animals per cage and monitored to ensure appropriate acclimation prior to intervention. Mice were treated for two weeks with ketogenic agents, adjusting % of agent daily to ensure 20% weight loss was achieved. All ketogenic agents induced weight loss and voluntary caloric restriction. Weight loss for beta-hydroxybutyrate and beta-hydroxybutyrate + medium chain triglycerides was explained by caloric restriction alone. However, R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester induced weight loss at lower dosages which could not be explained by caloric restriction alone. Taken together, all ketogenic agents may assist in weight loss. However, R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester appears to be a more potent non-toxic ketogenic supplement that facilitates weight loss via both voluntary caloric restriction and caloric restriction-independent mechanisms. Future studies should explore caloric-restriction independent weight loss mechanisms of R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester. Disruptive Nutrition.
Do management earnings forecasts fully reflect information in past earnings changes

It has been widely documented that investors and analysts underreact to information in past earnings changes, a fundamental performance indicator. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether managers’ voluntary disclosure efficiently incorporates information in past earnings changes, whether analysts recognize and fully anticipate the potential inefficiency in management forecasts and whether managers’ potential forecasting inefficiency entirely results from intentional disclosure strategies or at least partly reflects managers’ unintentional information processing biases.,Archival data were used to empirically test the relation between management earnings forecast errors and past earnings changes.,Results show that managers underreact to past earnings changes when projecting future earnings and analysts recognize, but fail to fully anticipate, the predictable bias associated with past earnings changes in management forecasts. Moreover, analysts appear to underreact more to past earnings changes when management forecasts exhibit greater underestimation of earnings change persistence. Further analyses suggest that the underestimation of earnings change persistence is at least partly attributable to managers’ unintentional information processing bias.,This study contributes to the voluntary disclosure literature by demonstrating the limitation in the informational value of management forecasts. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of voluntary disclosure in mitigating market mispricing is inherently limited by the inefficiency in management forecasts. This study can help market participants to better use management forecasts to form more accurate earnings expectations. Moreover, our evidence suggests a managerial information processing bias with respect to past earnings changes, which may affect managers' operational, investment or financing decisions.
Health and Health-Related Correlates of Internalized Racism Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: a Review of the Literature.

Internalized racism (IR) is a form of racism that leads people to internalize beliefs and stereotypes about their racial/ethnic (RE) group and/or about themselves because of their RE group membership. However, relative to other forms of racism research investigating the relationship IR and health is lacking. Thus, in an attempt to promote research on IR, this paper reviews and summarizes 112 empirical quantitative studies—representing nearly three decades of research published between January 1990 to December 2018—that examine the health and health-related correlates of IR among racial/ethnic minorities. Collectively, evidence from this review suggests that (1) IR is negatively associated with health via decrements in positive core self-evaluation; (2) IR exacerbates the relationship between other stressors and ill health; (3) IR mediates the relationship between discrimination and health; and (4) IR is a self-protective strategy that protects against ill health. Using the accumulated evidence, this review presents new conceptualizations of IR, along with specific recommendations on how to improve the scientific study of IR among racial/ethnic minorities.
Air-Leak Localization in Pressurized Space Structures

Micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) are the leading cause of damage to space structures, such as the International Space Station (ISS). These tiny particles, with a diameter of less than 25-125 mm and traveling at hypervelocity from 7 to 10 km/s, can cause severe damage and start an air leak (Fig. 1). Fast and accurate localization of air leaks is critical for space exploration. This article outlines the process of basic and applied research that led to solving the leak localization problem. The developed prototype was flight certified and tested onboard the ISS.
Pediatric Drug Policies Supporting Safe And Effective Use Of Therapeutics In Children: A Systematic Analysis.

Several policies have been implemented in the US to promote the evidence-based use of therapeutics in pediatric populations. Under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2002 and the Pediatri...
Motivating Students to Engage in Preparation for Flipped Classrooms by Using Embedded Quizzes in Pre-class Videos.

Background: The success of flipped classrooms is dependent upon students’ preparation prior to class, the lack of which is the most common challenge associated with this teaching methodology. To mitigate this limitation, it is important to develop and assess methods of engaging learners during pre-class activities. Objective: To determine if quiz delivery method (embedded throughout versus after pre-class videos) affects students’ knowledge retention, grades, and video viewing behavior. Methods: Participating students were randomized to take quizzes, either during pre-class videos via Panopto™ (EQV) or after pre-class videos in the traditional manner via Moodle™ (TMM). Outcomes assessed included students’ knowledge retention, scores on pre- and post-class quizzes, and pre-class video viewing behavior (total views and minutes viewed per student) during a three-week period. Having experienced both quizzing modalities during the semester, the perceptions from students in the EQV group were surveyed. Results: Baseline assessment results of both groups (n = 27 per group) were comparable with a median score of 33% (IQR: 17, 50) in both groups. Performance was also similar on knowledge retention [TMM: 67% (50, 83) vs. EQV: 83% (50, 83)], pre-class quiz scores [TMM: 90% (87, 97) vs. EQV: 93% (90, 95)], and post-class quiz scores [TMM: 93% (80, 100) vs. EQV: 87% (80, 100)], while students in the EQV group had more total views [10 (8, 12)] vs. [5 (2, 11)] and minutes viewed [71 (36, 108) vs. 35 (15, 81)]. Results from the perception survey administered to students in the EQV group (74.1% response rate) indicated a preference for embedded quizzes overall (58%) and for class preparation (75%) when compared with post-video quizzes. Conclusion: Students’ knowledge retention and performance were similar in both EQV and TMM groups, though students in the EQV group were more engaged with videos and most of them preferred this quiz delivery. Using embedded quizzes for formative rather than summative assessment might be an appropriate mechanism to encourage students’ viewing of pre-class videos and their preparation for flipped classes.
Nanostructured Abrasive Materials for Ultraprecision Finishing of High-Performance Materials

This chapter focuses on the development of nanostructured abrasive materials that are required to produce engineered surfaces of the highest integrity possible when processing difficult-to-machine materials such as those used in the aerospace sector. The chapter describes the challenges manufacturers have when dealing with abrasive cutting tools that fail to maintain roundness and suffer from “wheel collapse,” and localized pitting that affects the roundness of the wheel and the integrity of the ground surface that eventually has to be rectified by dressing methods that are non-productive in terms of cycle time and generate waste products. Subsequent discussions focus on the manufacture and use of new abrasive products by fusion and sintering that are nanostructured such that wheel pitting is virtually eliminated, wheel collapse is rare, and cycle time is reduced when grinding difficult materials such nickel and titanium alloys. Case studies are referred to throughout the chapter as a way to explain how nanostructured materials can change the way abrasive materials operate especially in the aerospace sector and beyond.
Your boss is the problem and solution: How supervisor-induced hindrance stressors and LMX influence employee job neglect and subsequent performance

Abstract Utilizing conservation of resources (COR) theory and social exchange theory (SET), we argue that supervisors influence employee performance through two opposing means. First, supervisor-induced hindrance stressors enhance the degree to which employees seek to conserve psychological resources by engaging in job neglect in response to these stressors. This neglect negatively influences task performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Next, we argue that supervisors who create high-quality leader-member exchange (LMX) with subordinates via social exchange processes influence this hindrance stressor–neglect relationship by reducing the impact of these stressors on employee neglect and subsequent employee performance. As such, both the negative and positive aspects of the relationship between supervisors and employees influence neglectful behaviors and ultimately, employee performance. Using time-lagged, multisource data collection, we establish that these relationships have a theoretical and practical impact, demonstrating the interactive influence of supervisor-induced hindrance stressors and LMX in the workplace.
The Mars biologist

Tanja Bosak chooses which rocks NASA's Perseverance rover will prep for a return trip to Earth, where they will be scoured for traces of ancient life. The most surprising outcome would be not finding any, she tells Jonathan O'Callaghan
FOMC minutes sentiments and their impact on financial markets

Abstract I develop a semi-automated method that systematically evaluates the information in FOMC meeting documents. This method highlights economic conditions and calculates document sentiment indices that proxy for the FOMC's interest rate tilt. I compare the sentiment indices of FOMC minutes and their corresponding FOMC statements. Using high-frequency data, I then examine how these sentiment indices are associated with the fed funds futures contracts, broad equity, and real estate investment trust indices, and exchange rate valuation of several major currencies against the U.S. Dollar. I find that minutes sentiments have a statistically significant association with the fed funds futures rate and the U.S. dollar's valuation.
Impact of an ERP Simulation Game on Online Learning

The ever increasing use of online education dictates that the use of traditional face-to-face tools for students be expanded into the virtual classroom. Business students in online MBA courses at two universities are tasked with making decisions using SAP's ERPSim Manufacturing Game. The students are polled before and after their simulation experience on five dimensions including attitude toward SAP and several dimensions in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) knowledge. Students were found to have increased their attitudes toward SAP and knowledge of ERP upon completing the three-period simulation game. These results are significant for business educators of online courses because it shows that increased learning due to ERPSim not only takes place in face-to-face education classrooms but in an asynchronous environment as well. A comparison of our results with those reported in prior studies involving traditional classes revealed additional insights and potential topics for future research.
Human Detection Through Wall using Information theory

Ultra wide band (UWB), can be used to detect human target hidden by walls. Information theoretic algorithms like entropy, relative entropy and mutual information are proven methods that can be applied to data collected by various sensors for detecting target. In this paper, we propose to use entropy and relative entropy to detect target. Breathing motion in human will cause periodic changes in the received signal at a distance where target is located. Relative entropy can detect the change in histogram quickly. After applying weight using relative entropy, we can apply entropy based detection. We conducted study in three different kinds of walls. When target is behind gypsum wall, accurate detection can be achieved by applying this method. We can identify the human behind the brick wall as well. However, human was undetected using this algorithm while hidden by wooden doors.
Questions About the Efficiency of Employment Arbitration Agreements

The growing popularity of arbitration agreements is well-documented. The academic literature on these agreements has been largely critical, arguing that they jeopardize important rights and enable employers to take unfair advantage of employees and consumers. However, standard economic analysis suggests that since these agreements are freely negotiated, they presumably increase the utility of both parties and are therefore efficient. This Article raises questions about the efficiency of such agreements in the employment context. It begins by modeling the decision-making process by which a rational employee would judge the desirability of an agreement, both after and before a dispute has arisen. The model demonstrates that no employee can, in reality, have the information necessary to make a rational economic judgment about a pre-dispute arbitration agreement. In the absence of information, systematic behavioral heuristics will lead employees to overlook or misjudge the costs and benefits of such agreements. Given that employees are not signing these agreements on the basis of rational economic analysis, the Article considers possible arguments that the agreements might still increase societal efficiency. Ultimately, it concludes that proponents of pre-dispute agreements need to provide stronger evidence of such efficiencies. In the meantime, courts, legislators, and commentators should focus more on the decision-making imperfections that can lead to inefficient arbitration agreements.
Seaweeds: Cell and Tissue Suspension Cultures

Introduction Common Characteristics of Macroalgal Suspension Cultures Morphology Environmental Conditions for Culture Growth Growth Kinetics Suspension Culture Development Techniques Laminaria saccharina Female Gametophyte Cell Suspension Cultures (Macrophytic Brown Algae) Agardhiella subulata Filament Clump and Microplantlet Suspension Cultures (Macrophytic Red Algae) Bioreactor Cultivation of Macroalgal Suspension Cultures Common Photobioreactor Configurations Photobioreactor Illumination Mixing and CO2 Transfer Problem Example Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Bibliography Keywords: bioreactors; suspension culture; nutritional products
Consumer Innovativeness and the Use of New versus Extended Brand Names for New Products

Despite the importance of branding to new product success, little research has been conducted on how individual adoption orientation might affect brand name preferences. This paper draws on the diffusion literature to investigate how consumer innovativeness affects consumer response to alternative branding strategies (i.e., new vs. extended brands, for new products). The results of an empirical study found that consumer innovativeness has a greater effect on new product evaluations for new brand names relative to extended brand names. Also, results indicate that highly innovative consumers evaluate new products with new brand names more favorably than brand extensions. Furthermore, consumer confidence in the new product was found to mediate the effects of consumer innovativeness and its interaction with brand name type on new product evaluation. Implications include not only giving greater managerial consideration to using new brands but also supporting the chosen branding strategy with appropriate promotional efforts for respective adopter groups.
Disequilibrium and Disconnect: On Weiler's (Still Robust) Theory of European Transformation

A revised and abbreviated version of this paper will appear in the forthcoming collective volume, The Transformation of Europe -- 20 Years On (Miguel Maduro and Marlene Wind, eds., Cambridge University Press). The argument of this contribution is quite simple: Weiler’s equilibrium theory is not just a creature of the past but remains a fundamentally robust explanation of certain core characteristics of the European system that persist to this day. Integration scholars would do well to take heed of the theory’s central insights, both descriptively and normatively. This is so not least because they serve as a healthy corrective to the widely-held but mistaken idea that European legitimacy is somehow simply a matter of legal and institutional engineering, particularly in the direction of greater transparency and participation rights and greater powers for the European Parliament (EP). Reforms along those lines may well be attractive for all sorts of instrumental and normative reasons. But we should not confuse them for genuine “democratic” legitimation in the proper sense of the term. This I take to be one of the central lessons of Weiler’s equilibrium theory with continuing relevance for today, and it is certainly one that I share.Faith in legal and institutional engineering alone, as if more complex challenges of legitimation did not exist, is indicative of another widely-held but mistaken notion: that Europe’s legitimacy challenge is best described as a “democratic deficit” when, in fact, the real problem is a “democratic disconnect.” The deficit view places its hopes in an increase in “input legitimacy” but ignores the deeper problems of “demos legitimacy” in the EU. By that, I mean the missing sense that the European technocracy and courts constitute a form of self-government “of the people.” To see Europe’s legitimacy challenge as a “disconnect” is not to deny the instrumental value of formal improvements in transparency and participation, or even increases in EP power. Nevertheless, very much consistent with Weiler’s writings on the topic, the idea of the democratic disconnect keeps the categories of formal democratization and democratic legitimacy distinct. Instead, this alternative view stresses that integration, to be enduring and successful, must maintain the connection to democratic and constitutional legitimacy on the national level in a realistic sense, either through delegation constraints or national oversight, whether executive, legislative, or judicial.
Role of Topoisomerase II in Mediating Epipodophyllotoxin-induced DNA Cleavage

Epipodophyllotoxins are an important new class of anticancer agents which include the compounds VM-26 (teniposide) and VP-16 (etoposide). The mechanism of action of these drugs appears to involve production of DNA single- and double-strand breaks by virtue of a temperature-sensitive interaction between drug and a heat-labile intranuclear component. We now report evidence indicating that type II topoisomerase is the likely intracellular target for the DNA strand-breaking effects of the epipodophyllotoxins. Both VM-26 and VP-16 stimulate site-specific DNA cleavage by a highly purified calf thymus type II topoisomerase. VM-26 is 5- to 10-fold more potent than VP-16 in this assay, a difference that is also seen when DNA strand breaks are assayed in isolated nuclei of mouse leukemia cells following drug exposure. Furthermore, a similar potency difference exists with respect to cytotoxicity. Equilibrium dialysis experiments using [3H]VP-16 indicate that the drug does not bind to DNA. Thus, we suggest that the epipodophyllotoxins exert their anti-cancer effects by "poisoning" type II topoisomerase without binding to DNA. In this regard, their actions may be analogous to those of nalidixic acid in bacteria.
WH80s: Numerical Radiation Hydrodynamics

An implicit, adaptive-mesh technique for radiation hydrodynamics computations in one spatial dimension is described in detail. The equation of radiative transfer and its moments are formulated in a fully adaptive coordinate system in space, angle and frequency. Integral conservation laws for the radiation quantities, which form the basis for our method, are then given. A hierarchy of splitting schemes for reducing this 3-dimensional problem to ones of lower dimensionality are discussed, and our variable Eddington factor approach is described and put into this context. The embodiment of this method is the WH80s radiation hydrodynamics code, which further incorporates self-gravity, realistic equation-of-state and opacity data, nuclear energy generation and convection. Spatial and temporal differencing techniques, the adaptive mesh equation, and our tensor artificial viscosity formulation implemented in WH80s are described. A section is devoted to “Principles of Coding”, in which we illustrate a structured programming style that we have developed which greatly aids writing and debugging large coupled-implicit systems. Finally, several applications of WH80s are given which show the power and versatility of adaptive mesh techniques to problems with a variety of spatial and temporal scales such as arise in astrophysics.
Impact of ionic strength on partitioning of naphthenic acids in water–crude oil systems – Determination through high-field NMR spectroscopy

Abstract Naphthenic acids and asphaltenes are two classes of materials indigenous to crude oils that are recognized as potential emulsion stabilizers. Reduction in interfacial tension and formation of a viscoelastic interfacial film are the two mechanisms whereby naphthenic acids and asphaltenes can contribute to emulsion stability. Synergistic effects of these two types of materials remain controversial. In this paper, we explore the impact of the aqueous phase ionic strength on the partitioning of the naphthenic acids between water and crude oils utilizing high field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We calibrated the 1 H NMR spectra to eliminate ionic strength effects on NMR signal to determine the relative concentration of the naphthenic components in the aqueous phase resolved from partitioning tests. Our results show that higher ionic strength is, in general, conducive to higher rate of partitioning of the naphthenic acids (NA). However, the NA concentration in aqueous phase as a function of time can be affected by the specific crude oil and type of cation, among other things. In addition, adsorption of asphaltene onto the interface to create a mass transfer barrier to dissolution of naphthenic acids in water is consistent with our results. Furthermore, our observations are consistent with the notion that stability is the outcome of the combined effects of the several competitive interfacial processes, including adsorption of asphaltene onto the interface, partitioning and dissociation of the naphthenic acids in water, diffusion of the surface active material through the oleic or aqueous phase and towards the interface, as well as displacement and rearrangement of the adsorbed material at the interface.
Evaluating Medicaid Managed Care Programs for Children

Nearly every state has implemented some form of managed care for Medicaid recipients, partly in response to rapid increases in Medicaid expenditures. The unique features of children's health and the differences among states in the implementation and scope of their Medicaid managed care programs provide child health services researchers many opportunities to identify program features that result in favorable health outcomes and those that are less successful. Key stakeholders with interest in this information include state governments and managed care organizations charged with developing and implementing efficient delivery systems, as well as providers interested in understanding the best mechanisms for delivering care to children. This paper outlines potential approaches to evaluating Medicaid managed care programs for children, focusing on identification of appropriate data sources and selection of quality measures encompassing the structure, processes, and outcomes of health care.