cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multibeam antennas with polarization and angle diversity

A 10-GHz discrete cylindrical lens array with multiple beams is designed and characterized as a receiving angle-diversity array for wireless communications in a multipath environment. The array also has dual-orthogonal polarization and therefore built-in polarization diversity. The array is designed for wide-angle scanning between -45/spl deg/ and 45/spl deg/ and measured scanning patterns are presented. The polarization isolation between the two channels is about 30 dB at boresite and about 10 dB for a 30/spl deg/ scan angle. The addition of the lens array at the very front end of a link shows significant reduction of multipath fading peak-to-null ratio.
Electrokinetic Measurements of Thin Nafion Films

We perform an electrokinetic characterization of ∼300 nm Nafion films deposited on glass slides over a relatively unexplored region of ionic strength and pH. Owing to the small pore size of the Nafion, we probe the Nafion–fluid interface with the streaming potential measurement, and we probe ionic transport through the entire thickness of the Nafion film with the conductivity measurements. By applying a transport model for each of these measurements, we show that the inferred fixed charge density and characteristic fluid resistance length is different in each case. Analyzing our results with data from the literature, we suggest that our result is consistent with a thin Nafion film that is both nonuniform and weakly hydrated. Our regimen of experimentation and analysis may be generalized to characterize other porous and charged layers.
Alunos ProUni e não ProUni nos cursos de licenciatura: evasão em foco

Em todos os niveis educacionais ha a problematica da evasao. Esta, por sua vez, vem sendo tema preocupante devido ao aumento, em destaque neste artigo, da evasao no Ensino Superior nos cursos de licenciatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um mapeamento comparativo entre alunos de cursos de licenciatura bolsistas do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) e alunos nao bolsistas no que diz respeito a situacao deles, no segundo se­mestre de 2012, nos cursos por eles ingressados em 2007, 2008 e 2009 em uma instituicao de Ensino Superior privada de cunho filantropico, sem fins lucrativos, do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A metodologia usada foi quantita­tiva, com objetivo exploratorio comparativo e procedimento tecnico ex post facto . Foi usada a estatistica descritiva e de inferencia para a analise dos dados. A frequencia de evasao foi menor entre os bolsistas ProUni (30%) do que entre os nao bolsistas (41,2%). Os resultados indicam o ProUni como um programa que esta conseguindo fidelizar os alunos nos cursos de licenciatura, pois um dos achados na regressao logistica realizada foi que os bolsistas tiveram 56% menos chances de evadirem, sendo essa associacao significativa, com p=0,005. Alunos mais jovens e do sexo feminino tambem apresentaram menores chances de evasao. O presente trabalho aponta para a necessidade de estudos mais abrangentes no que diz respeito as relacoes entre os ingressantes nos cursos de formacao de professores via programas de acoes afirmativas com relacao aos outros ingressantes. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Template mobile applications for social and educational development

There are over 3.5 billion mobile phones in the world and they are proliferating at astounding rates across socioeconomic and cultural boundaries. They also provide unprecedented opportunities for enabling social impact and technical activism. To most of the people in informal economies and immigrant communities, the mobile phone is the dominant computing resource which they have access to with limited income to support. In the paper we present a notion of template applications for mobile phones. By developing useful applications as templates for these communities which operate on the limited resources of their existing mobile phone, we gain the benefits of language, community, and country portability and customization. We present the template philosophy and illustrate the concept with two developed template applications and explore their transformation into other application domains.
Exome Sequencing Identifies Pathogenic and Modifier Mutations in a Child With Sporadic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Background Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is typically diagnosed in adulthood, yet familial cases exhibit variable age‐dependent penetrance and a subset of patients develop sporadic DCM in childhood. We sought to discover the molecular basis of sporadic DCM in an 11‐year‐old female with severe heart failure necessitating cardiac transplantation. Methods and Results Parental echocardiograms excluded asymptomatic DCM. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the family trio and filtered for rare, deleterious, recessive, and de novo variants. Of the 8 candidate genes identified, only 2 had a role in cardiac physiology. A de novo missense mutation in TNNT2 was identified, previously reported and functionally validated in familial DCM with markedly variable penetrance. Additionally, recessive compound heterozygous truncating mutations were identified in XIRP2 , a member of the ancient Xin gene family, which governs intercalated disc (ICD) maturation. Histomorphological analysis of explanted heart tissue revealed misregistration, mislocalization, and shortening of ICDs, findings similar to Xirp2 −/− mice. Conclusions The synergistic effects of TNNT2 and XIRP2 mutations, resulting in perturbed sarcomeric force generation and transmission, respectively, would account for an early‐onset heart failure phenotype. Whereas the importance of Xin proteins in cardiac development has been well established in animal models, this study implicates XIRP2 as a novel modifier gene in the pathogenesis of DCM.
Characterization of Micropipes and Other Defect Structures in 6H-SiC Through Fluorescence Microscopy

Crystals of silicon carbide, and other polytypic materials often have micropipes associated with screw dislocations of large Burgers vectors running along their axial dimensions. These defects are considered the most deleterious to the performance of SiC semiconductor devices. Optical micrographs of micropipes in silicon carbide crystals are ordinarily faint. To obtain micrographs showing higher contrast and detail, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and simple fluorescence microscopy were used on 6H-SiC single crystals after infiltrating them with a low-viscosity epoxy containing a fluorescent dye. “Staining” the micropipes rendered them much more visible both in fluorescence and conventional optical microscopies. Details of their structures and shapes were revealed, and their dimensions were measured accurately, using LSCM and other, less sophisticated, fluorescence microscopies. Other voids present, such as microcracks, were also visualized. Observations by this optical technique were related to information obtained by synchrotron white beam x-ray topography.
Spodoptera frugiperda : Factors Affecting Pheromone Trap Catches in Corn and Peanuts

When the surface area of sticky traps or cylindrical electric grid traps was increased, the number of male fall armyworm moths, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), captured showed a proportional increase. Wind direction affected the area on the surface of sticky traps where moths landed; significantly more moths were captured on the side of the trap downwind from the pheromone source. The location of pheromone-baited sticky traps placed in or along the edge of corn fields made no difference in captures of S. frugiperda moths when plant height ≤ trap height. In peanut fields, traps 1.2 m above ground level captured significantly more moths than those at heights of 0.7 and 0.5 m; also traps 25 m inside the fields captured significantly more S. frugiperda males than traps at field-edge or 50 m into fields.
Women, Migration and Social Change: A Colombian Case Study

It is the contention of this author that, for women in particular the process of migration is a liberating, or freeing process. Specifically, this paper examines the changes which take place in the social environment of women as a result of rural-urban migrations. The focus of the investigation is female migrants who have moved to the city of Popayan, Columbia. The discussion is based on data gathered in Barrio Tulcan.
Structure and Origin of Glacial Sand Plains

External Form and Internal Structure .—Plains of stratified gravelly sand, half a mile or more in diameter, standing mesa-like above the adjacent valley ground, are common in many parts of New England. They lie on striated ledges and till, and hence are at most not older than the closing stages of the latest glacial epoch. Their distinct marginal slopes give no indication of more than a small measure of erosion, and hence their present form may be taken as essentially equivalent to their initial constructional form. They are well stratified throughout, and this, along with their definite marginal slope, indicates them to be deposits made in bodies of standing water. The general surface of these sand plains is very even, but fails of being level by reason of a gentle slope, generally to the south, of ten, twenty, of thirty feet to the mile. Their margins are in most cases . . .
PROGRESS IN NEUTRON SCATTERING FROM CONDENED MATTER

In the last 20 years ,neutron scattering has been used more and more widely,as neu-tron sources and scattering techniques have been developed. Neutron scattering methodsare incomparable in many fields of application. The paper reviews advances in neutronsources and scattering equipmemt. But the focal points of the paper are to review the ap-plications of neutron scattering in condensed matter science,including work on crystaland magnetic structures,surface and interfaces,the characterization of thin films,struc-tural fluctuations in the phase transitions,disordered and distorted systems(includingfractals and small angle scattering) as well as macromolecules ,high T_c superconductorsand so on. Finally,industrial applications have been described briefly.
Introduction: Principles of Dementia Care

It is estimated that every 4 seconds there is a new case of dementia in the world [1] and once every 67 seconds someone in the United States develops Alzheimer’s Disease [2]. Approximately 5.6 million Americans live with Alzheimer’s disease or other form of dementia. Although Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of aging, the risk of developing the illness rises with advanced age; the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease doubles every 5 years beyond age 65. Over the next 20 years, as the number of people older than 65 almost doubles and over 85 almost quadruples, the incidence, morbidity and mortality rates for Alzheimer’s disease will increase dramatically [2].
Abstract B57: Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) expression and function in ovarian cancer.

Purpose of study: SNRK is a member of the sucrose nonfermenting (SNF)-related kinase family of serine/threonine kinases with sequence similarity to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK proteins play a central role in cellular energy regulation. Active AMPK restricts cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolic substrate synthesis, and increases ATP-generating processes, such as glucose and fatty acid oxidation. SNKR has been previously shown to regulate metabolism and to suppress adipocyte inflammation via mTORC1, which is a pathway known to be aberrant in ovarian cancer. SNRK has also been shown to reduce colon cancer cell proliferation and stable knockdown of SNRK increases in vitro colon cancer cell tumorigenicity indicating that SNRK is a regulator of cell proliferation. The goal of this study is to describe the expression and function of SNRK in ovarian cancer and benign cell lines. Experimental Procedures: The ovarian cancer cell line A2780 was used as well as the benign surface epithelial cell line, IOSE, for comparison. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to compare SNRK mRNA and protein expression between cell lines. SNRK was knocked down in each cell line using lentiviral transduction. Proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to determine the effects of SNRK knockdown on tumorigenicity. Alterations in metabolism as a result of SNRK knockdown were assessed using the XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience). Western blot analysis was used to determine changes in active phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) and mTOR protein expression. Summary of data: IOSE and A2780 cells have similar levels of SNRK mRNA and protein expression. We observed increased proliferation, migration, and invasion in SNRK knockdown cells compared to controls with significant differences seen in the IOSE cells. A2780 and IOSE SNRK knockdown cells have decreased oxygen consumption rates and decreased spare respiratory capacity in the presence of fatty acids as a substrate compared to controls as well as decreased pAMPK and mTOR expression. Conclusions: Our results show that decreased SNRK levels lead to increased tumorigenicity and impairment in fatty acid oxidation particularly in the benign IOSE cells. Along with these functional changes, a decrease in pAMPK expression is also seen. Our results suggest that SNRK plays a role in regulating growth and metabolism and that this regulation appears to be required in benign ovarian cells, while malignant cells may have the ability to control growth independent of SNRK. Citation Format: Erin A. Bishop, Stephanie M. Cossette, Ramani Ramchandran. Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) expression and function in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B57.
Intestinal involvement in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

A patient with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia is described in whom malabsorption and weight loss were the chief clinical manifestations. Deposits of hyaline material in the lamina propria of the small intestine produced bizarre, clubbed villi and were associated with large foamy macrophages of uncertain origin. There were also various lymphoid cells in the lamina propria that included plasma and plasmacytoid cells having amorphous intranuclear inclusions of the type often found in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. The hyaline material deposited in the villi was thought to be macroglobulin. Local production of macroglobulin by abnormal lymphoid cells in the villi may have contributed to its deposition there. The deposits were probably a major factor causing malabsorption.
Fast Multi-level Test Generation at the RTL

Functional, at-speed vectors continue to provideadded value to the testing community as circuit complexityrises. Complex defects may escape traditional scan vectors andthus often require at-speed patterns. However, generation offunctional/sequential vectors is an extremely challenging problem. Previous methods rely on formal models of the RTL or calls togate level ATPG, both of which are computationally expensive, limiting the efficacy of gains made in RTL stimuli generation. Inthis work, we present an efficient engine for the generation of highquality functional tests at the RTL which are effective for bothvalidation and at-speed defect detection. The proposed methodutilizes a rule based, behavioral coverage metric to accuratelyassess the activation of circuit modules by the generated stimuli. Based on this metric, we are able to effectively generate functionaltest vectors at the RTL, without additional gate level information, that can achieve a high level of defect coverage and up to an orderof magnitude speedup over existing techniques.
Changes in the quality of care during progress from stage 1 to stage 2 of Meaningful Use

Background The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) canceled Meaningful Use (MU), replacing it with Advancing Care Information, which preserves many MU elements. Therefore, transitioning from MU stage 1 to MU stage 2 has important implications for the new policy, yet the quality of care provided by physicians transitioning from MU1 to MU2 is unknown. Methods Retrospective longitudinal evaluation of the quality of care delivered by outpatient physicians at an academic medical center in the transition between MU1 and MU2. Results Between MU1 and MU2, 4 measures improved: hypertension control (35% vs 40%), influenza immunization (63% vs 68%), tobacco use assessment/counseling (86% vs 96%), and diabetes control (93% vs 96%; P all <.01). One worsened: senior weight screening/follow-up (54% vs 49%; P < .01). Two were unchanged: chlamydia screening and adult weight screening/follow-up. Conclusion In this single-site study, when clinicians progressed from MU1 to MU2, 4 quality measures improved, 2 were unchanged, and 1 worsened. Analysis of national data should guide policy decisions about the content of MU’s successor.
National Performance Benchmarks for Modern Screening Digital Mammography: Update from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium

Data from a large, diverse set of breast imaging facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, linked to state cancer registries, provide performance benchmarks for diagnostic mammography in the era of digital mammography.
Routing under constraints

Routing is an essential stage in physical design, where already placed components are connected by wires. Routing must satisfy various manufacturing requirements, referred to as design rules. We formalize the problem of design-rule-aware routing and introduce a solver, called DRouter, for the resulting problem. Plain routing is often modeled as follows: given an undirected weighted graph and a set of m disjoint nets (each net being a set of vertices), a routing is a (minimal) forest of m disjoint trees, where each tree spans a net. DRouter's input comprises a plain routing instance and a bit-vector formula, whose variables include the edges of the graph as Boolean variables (along with other variables). DRouter looks for a satisfying assignment to F, such that the satisfied edges comprise a routing. DRouter implements an A∗-based router inside a SAT solver. It overrides the solver's decision and restart strategies and enhances its learning with routing-aware algorithms. We demonstrate that, on a set of crafted routing instances, DRouter has substantially better capacity than either plain reduction to bit-vector reasoning or Monosat, a solver that is able to reason about SAT and graph predicates. We show that DRouter can route large clips from Intel designs while obeying up to millions of applications of the design rules — a task two industrial routers failed to accomplish.
Effect of power shape on energy extraction from microbial fuel cell

Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate renewable energy in the form of direct current (DC) power. Harvesting energy from MFCs started with passive components such as resistors and capacitors, then charge pumps were introduced with some more advantages. Power electronics converters were later preferred due to their higher efficiency and controllability; however, they introduce high frequency current ripple due to their high frequency switching. In this paper, the effect of shape of power extraction on MFC performance was investigated using three types of current shapes: continuous, square-wave, and triangular-wave. Simultaneously, chemical parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and redox potential, in the anode chamber were monitored to see how these parameters change with the shape of the electrical power extraction. Results showed that the shape of the extracted current did not have a substantial effect on the MFC life span, output power, and energy extraction, nor on the chemical parameters. The outcome of this study provided insight for the electrical impact by power electronics converters on some microbial and chemical aspects of an MFC system.
Gender Differences in U.S. Adolescent E-Cigarette Use.

This study aims to review the recent (2012–2017) available gender difference data on e-cigarette use among adolescents. E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among adolescents, and recent study findings showed that e-cigarette use can lead to cigarette smoking. However, gender differences in e-cigarette use among adolescents are relatively unknown. We used the search terms “adolescents” and “e-cigarettes” on PubMed and identified 652 articles. Of these, 16 articles (2.5%) examined gender differences in adolescent e-cigarette use. Boys appear to have greater use of e-cigarettes, but girls may be at increased risk if e-cigarettes are targeted to them, as it has been for cigarettes. Data on gender differences are limited, and future research should continue to examine gender differences in e-cigarette use. Trends in use rates could evolve with new regulations and innovations in e-cigarette marketing and product features.
Cu in biology: Unleashed by O2 and now irreplaceable

Abstract A tutorial review of Cu in biology for advanced undergraduates and new graduate students is presented. An overview of the use of Cu by different classes of organisms is given, focusing on the two major functions of Cu in current understanding: electron transfer and substrate oxidation. Structural data from the Protein Data Bank and Enzyme Commission numbers are used as organizing principles. Selected structural and reactivity examples are given throughout, and the newest areas of research are introduced at the end.
Retrograde type A dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical, anatomic, and procedural characteristics of patients who developed retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Methods Between January 2012 and January 2017, there were 186 patients who underwent TEVAR for TBAD at a multidisciplinary aortic center. Patients who developed RTAD after TEVAR (n = 15) were compared with those who did not (no-RTAD group, n = 171). Primary outcomes were survival and need for reintervention. Results The incidence of RTAD in our sample was 8% (n = 15). Kaplan-Meier estimates found that no-RTAD patients had better survival (P = .04). Survival rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years were 93%, 60%, and 60% for RTAD patients and 94%, 87%, and 80% for no-RTAD patients. One RTAD was diagnosed intraoperatively, 5 were diagnosed within 30 days of the index procedure, 6 were diagnosed within 1 year, and 3 were diagnosed after 1 year. Reintervention for RTAD was undertaken in 10 of 15 patients, with a 50% survival rate after reintervention. Partial or complete false lumen thrombosis was more frequently present in RTAD patients (P = .03). RTAD patients more frequently presented with renal ischemia (P = .04). Most RTAD patients (93%, RTAD patients; 64%, no-RTAD patients; P = .02) had a proximal landing zone in zone 0, 1, or 2. Aortic diameter was more frequently ≥40 mm in the RTAD group (47%, RTAD patients; 21%, no-RTAD patients; P = .05). Patients with RTAD had stent grafts placed in the renovisceral arteries for complicated dissections, and this approached significance (P = .05). Three RTAD patients had a type II arch (20%) compared with 53 no-RTAD patients (31%; P = .6), but a comparison of type II arch with type I or type III found no statistical significance (P = .6). No correlations were found between ratio of descending to ascending diameters, average aortic sizing, graft size, or bare-metal struts at proximal attachment zone and development of RTAD. We found no statistically significant differences in demographics, genetic disease, comorbidities, or previous repairs. Conclusions The development of RTAD after TEVAR for TBAD does not appear to be correlated with any easily identifiable demographic feature but appears to be correlated with proximal landing zones in zone 1 and 2 and an ascending diameter >4 cm. Furthermore, the presence of partial or complete false lumen thrombosis as well as more complicated presentation with renal ischemia was significantly more frequent in patients with RTAD. TBAD patients should be observed long term, as type A dissections in our patients occurred even after 1 year.
Sedimentation and erosion patterns within anabranching channels in a lowland river restoration project

Anabranching channel designs are seldom utilized for river restoration projects despite their potential for efficient hydraulic conveyance and robust floodplain habitat. We evaluated a stream resto...
Lower-Extremity Arterial Air Plethysmography Evaluation:

Plethysmography is a noninvasive technique based on detecting small volume changes in the limb secondary to the cardiac cycle. These changes provide a methodology for qualitative assessment of arte...
False‐negative compatible antiglobulin crossmatches in samples with alloantibodies to cognate red blood cell antigens

Background Patient samples showing a positive indirect antiglobulin test are further tested to identify alloantibody specificity using a panel of phenotypically characterized group O reagent red blood cells (RBCs). Donor RBCs phenotypically negative for the antibody specificity are then serologically crossmatched using an antiglobulin reagent. This latter test is performed to identify any incompatibility due to the presence of undetected minor blood group antibodies and considered an important step in patient safety. Study design and methods Samples with well-characterized alloantibodies were intentionally crossmatched against donor RBCs expressing the cognate antigen. In a separate set of specimens, the alloantibody was titered and crossmatched against both heterozygous and homozygous cells. Results Thirty-five samples containing 10 common alloantibodies crossmatched against 240 ABO-compatible donor cells phenotypically positive for the cognate antigen showed compatible crossmatches in 89 of 240 (37%). Antibody titering of 12 alloantibodies showed that a titer of 2 or more was required for incompatibility of all homozygous cells and a titer of 8 or more for incompatibility of all heterozygous cells. Conclusion The antiglobulin crossmatch has a high failure rate (false-negatives) related to antibody titer and donor cell zygosity and is not reliable in interdicting incompatibility due to minor blood group antibodies.
A tunable microstrip bandstop filter using compact spiral folded spurline for RF microwave systems

This paper briefly describes the design principle of a tunable compact spurline bandstop filter using a spiral folded resonator. A compact rejection bandstop filter (BSF) is designed by using a conventional microstrip coupled line methodology at 2.4 GHz. The physical length has been reduced up to 75% with a good tunability results in comparing with a traditional spurline filter. Spurline section is loaded with a p-n junction varactor diode to make tunability from 1.8 GHz to 2.2GHz by applying a DC control voltage from 0V to 10V. The tunable design provides a satisfactory result for simulation and fabrication filter circuits. The modeling of the proposed filter is simulated and fabricated by Advanced Design System (ADS).
Racial distribution of urology workforce in United States in comparison to general population.

There is a growing body of evidence in health disparity research that racial concordance between patient and physician can contribute to patient’s trust, satisfaction, resource utilization, and decision-making participation. To compare the current racial/ethnic characteristics of practicing urologists to the U.S. population by American Urological Association (AUA) census geographic region. We compared urologist demographics from the 2014 AUA census to U.S. census data. Underrepresented in medicine (URM) status was defined as African-American (AA) or Hispanic race/ethnicity. Percent differences by AUA section were calculated by subtracting weighted frequencies of race/ethnicity for urologists from the general population. A negative percent difference denotes underrepresentation of urologists relative to the general population; positive percent difference denotes overrepresentation. URM urologists (n=728, 6.5%) were younger and more often female than non-URM counterparts. Overall, AA and Hispanic urologists were underrepresented in most sections while Caucasian and Asian urologists were overrepresented. AA urologists were most underrepresented in the East South-Central section (−34.4%). Hispanic urologists (−38%) were most underrepresented in the Pacific section (−38%). Overall, the percentage of URM urologists, compared to non-URM urologists, were highest in the South Atlantic [37.9% (276/728) vs . 19.2% (1,984/10,319), P vs . 11.1% (1,143/10,319), P<0.01]. URM urologists tend to be younger with a higher proportion of female providers, indicating a shift in race and gender. URM urologists were most underrepresented in the East South-Central and Pacific sections.
Static Compression of Gold and Copper and Calibration of the Ruby Pressure Scale to Pressures to 1.8 Megabars (Static.RNO)

New experimental results on the static compression of gold and copper in the diamond-window, high-pressure cell have provided the basis for an accurate system of pressure calibration at ultrahigh pressures. The unit-cell volumes of gold and copper were measured at several points along the pressure curve by MoKα x-ray diffraction. Diffraction measurement was by film methods. At each point, the luminescent spectrum of ruby also contained in the high-pressure cell was measured. The shift with pressure of the luminescent R-line emission of ruby was calibrated to the shock-wave equation of state of gold and copper to 1.8 Mbar.
Characterization Of BSN175: A Drug To Treat Prader-Willi Syndrome

The purpose of this research is to choose the best analytical method for determining stability of BSN175. This research uses an accelerated stability study to compare the decomposed and stable drug using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The Bootstrap Error-adjusted Single-sample Technique (BEST) was used to compare the effectiveness of these analytical methods and choose the best option for determining stability.
Strategies and Resources for Conducting Online Counseling

Drawing from clinical, supervisory, and research resources related to implementing online counseling services, the author provides practical suggestions for counselors considering or using the Inte...
Clinical-histopathological and molecular study of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Awassi sheep in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq.

Aim This study aimed to conduct a clinical-histopathological and molecular evaluation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Awassi sheep in various regions of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. Materials and methods A total of 150 sheep were clinically evaluated, and the wheelbarrow test was performed. 100 samples (35 blood, 25 lung tissue, 20 lymph node, and 20 lung fluid samples) were randomly selected from living and slaughtered sheep. All samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological examinations were performed for four lung tissue and two lymph node samples. Results A diagnosis of OPA was made based on the results of the clinical examination and the clinical signs shown by the animals, such as dyspnea, polypnea, coughing, mucous nasal discharge, moist rales on auscultation of the affected lungs, and emaciation. Interestingly, the animals tested positive for the wheelbarrow test, with frothy nares accompanied by profuse and clear lung fluid. Histopathological examination showed various lesions such as glandular transformation in the lung tissues and emphysema. Moreover, lymph nodes showed marked follicular atrophy and necrosis-associated lymphocyte infiltration in the affected tissues. PCR revealed that 25% of the samples including eight (22.8%) blood, five (20%) lung tissue, five (25%) lymph node, and seven (35%) lung fluid samples were positive for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus; this result was highly significant. Conclusion The results of our study indicated that in Iraq, OPA diagnosis should be based on pathological findings and results of advanced procedures such as PCR.
Disruptive Space Technologies and the Developing World

This chapter will analyze how these disruptive innovations can impact the future of the “other 3 billion” people of the developing world who currently are in great need and who do not benefit from space activities at all. We will also consider how these disruptive space technologies could help support attaining the U. N.’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This discussion will make a case for how disruptive space technologies could help set the stage for more than simply new businesses and innovation in the developed world, or for making billionaires even more wealthy. This chapter explores how such innovations might help fundamentally alter how space will impact the developing world.
Anesthetic Care of a Child With Acute Flaccid Myelitis

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a neurological disorder that affects the anterior horn of the spinal cord, resulting in progressive weakness, loss of motor function, hypotonia and hyporeflexia. Given the progressive and frequently long-term neurological involvement of AFM, patients may require anesthetic care during radiological imaging or other surgical procedures, such as a tracheostomy or the placement of a gastrostomy tube. We present a 4-year-old girl with AFM who required anesthetic care during a tracheostomy. The end-organ involvement of the disease is discussed, pathogenesis and treatment options are reviewed and anesthetic implications are presented. J Med Cases. 2019;10(8):225-228 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3337
Development of a THz-TDS Scanner for Topographic Corneal Imaging

Topographic imaging of corneal tissue would be a prominent indicator of many ocular diseases. Using the time of arrival of a reflected THz beam from the surface, we develop a setup where depth profiles can be extracted from a spherical target. Topographic information associated with the contour of corneal tissue can be extracted, such as radius, surface height and thickness variations. In this study, we image several 3D printed spherical targets to determine the lateral and axial resolutions, and asymmetrical characteristics of our imaging system.
Gender Segregation and its Correlates in Established Adulthood

We investigated whether gender segregation exists in established adulthood, the period from 30 to 45 years-old, and whether gender segregation is associated with the same correlates in adulthood with which it is associated in childhood and adolescence (i.e., cooperative and competitive activity orientation, perceived responsiveness of same- and other-gender peers, communion and agency, and gender reference group identity). National U.S. samples of adult women (n = 312) and men (n = 109) were recruited using Amazon’s MTurk. Fully 73% of peers nominated for “hanging out” by adult women and 71% of peers nominated by adult men were of the same gender. For women, gender segregation was associated with beliefs that same-gender peers were more responsive in conversation and with greater identification with same-gender others. For men, gender segregation was positively associated with preference for cooperative activities and negatively associated with communion. Our results suggest that gender segregation exists in adulthood and that there is some developmental continuity in the correlates of gender segregation across ages. By understanding the correlates of gender segregation, as well as the barriers to and benefits of cross-gender interactions, practitioners and activists can better support friendship and the reduction of gender-typing in established adults.
Evolutionarily Driven Domain Swap Alters Sigma Factor Dependence in Bacterial Signaling System

Functional diversity in bacteria is introduced by lineage specific expansion or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Using modular bacterial signaling systems as a template, we experimentally validate domain swapping of modular proteins as an extension of the HGT model. We take a computational approach to explore the domain architecture of two-component systems (TCS) in select Pseudomonads. We find a transcriptional effector domain swap that reconstructed a duplicated sigma54-dependent TCS to a sigma70-dependent TCS. Through functional genomics approaches, we determine that the implicated TCSs are involved in consumption of short-chain carboxylic acids. We verify the relationship between the domain-swapped TCSs utilizing a mutational screen, in which we switch the specificity of the sigma70-dependent TCS output to the sigma54-dependent TCS input, and vice versa. Our findings suggest that this domain swap was maintained throughout α-, β-, γ- proteobacteria, thus domain swapping has potential to lead to fitness advantages and neofunctionalization.
Optical Single Sideband Microwave Photonic Links Using Fiber Bragg Gratings

We analyze the performance of a microwave photonic link which uses phase modulation and fiber Bragg gratings to generate an optical single sideband signal. Expressions for the photocurrent at the fundamental frequency and third-order intermodulation product are derived and compared against experimental results.
An in situ infrared study of NO reduction by C3H8 over Fe-ZSM-5

The interactions of NO, O2 and NO2 with Fe‐ZSM‐5, as well as the reduction of NO by C3H8 in the presence of O2, have been investigated using in situ infrared spectroscopy. The sample of Fe‐ZSM‐5 (Fe/Al =0.56) was prepared by solid‐state ion exchange. NO adsorption in the absence of O2 produces only mono‐ and dinitrosyl species associated with Fe2+ cations. Adsorbed NO2/NO3 species are formed via the reaction of adsorbed O2 with gas‐phase NO or by the adsorption of gas‐phase NO2. The reduction of NO in the presence of O2 begins with the reaction of gas‐phase C3H8 with adsorbed NO2/NO3 species to form a nitrogen‐containing polymeric species. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reduction of NO by C3H8 in the presence of O2.
Gene therapy for the treatment of inherited and acquired diseases of the liver

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the clinical evaluation of gene addition type gene therapy protocols directed at the inherited or acquired diseases of the liver. Gene therapy can be divided into two categories: cellular therapy and gene therapy. The distinction between these two types of therapy is that the former involves the removal of particular target cells (e.g., hepatocytes) from a patient or an appropriate donor, ex vivo gene transfer and genetic alteration, and the reintroduction of the genetically altered cells back into the patient. The latter, gene therapy, involves the direct in vivo genetic alteration of a patient's target cells. One can envision two distinctly different strategies for liver-directed gene therapy: gene replacement (repair) or excision therapy and gene addition therapy. In gene replacement scenario, one can envision a mutated hepatic gene(s) producing an aberrant hepatic protein that ultimately results in or contributes to a disease state. The pathogenicity of the hepatic gene may be qualitative or quantitative in nature resulting in either an altered hepatic protein or a hepatic protein, which is inappropriately expressed, respectively. More practical strategy is gene addition therapy. For this therapy, a complete copy of a normal gene is delivered to the hepatic target cells. Depending on the gene delivery system used, this complete copy of a normal gene can either be randomly integrated into the genome of the liver cell or it may remain extrachromosomal. An important application of the gene addition strategy is the theoretical ability to replace important genetic information that has been functionally lost through mutational events.
Cardiopatia coronarica e depressione: prevalenza, prognosi, fisiopatologia e trattamento

La comorbilita di depressione e cardiopatia coronarica (coronary heart disease, CHD) e stata dimostrata da un vasto numero di pubblicazioni edite nel corso degli ultimi due decenni. In questa sede riassumiamo lo stato della letteratura, ponendo particolare attenzione alla diffusione della CHD e della depressione, alla relazione tra la depressione e lo sviluppo e la prognosi della CHD ed ai meccanismi fisiopatologici attraverso i quali questi due fenomeni clinici potrebbero essere legati.Vengono anche discusse le questioni chiave rilevanti per la valutazione e il trattamento sia nella pratica clinica sia nella ricerca.
Parties and Pork in the Emerging Fiscal State

When writing budgets, how do lawmakers decide whether to direct dollars to their districts or to spread funding across the whole polity? We hypothesize that closely competitive parties provide the motivation and means to invest in broad spending rather than geographically targeted pork. We expect, too, that party polarization also affects outcomes: sharp ideological division between the parties should lead majority party legislators to discriminate against the minority when it comes to distributing district dollars.We explore these two hypotheses through new archival sources detailing how states allocate their budget money. Taking advantage of the vast historical variation in levels of party competition and polarization in the American states, we analyze data from California in 1921, 1931, 1941, 1951, and 1961; Illinois in 1941; Montana in 1921, 1941, and 1961; New York in 1921 and 1941; Vermont in 1921 and 1941; and Virginia in 1942. Our findings provide encouraging initial support for our contentions.
Microheterogeneity and paucidispersity of glycoproteins : Part II. The carbohydrate of ovalbumin from different species☆☆☆

Abstract l -β-Aspartamido-carbohydrate was prepared from the egg-white ovalbumins of duck, turkey, Western gull, and genetically homogeneous chickens, demonstrating the general nature of their linkage of carbohydrate to protein. In each case, the carbohydrate was paucidisperse; and the compositions of the fractions for duck and turkey were such that it is likely that more than one oligosaccharide residue per polypeptide chain is present. The results further support the hypothesis that the series of carbohydrate fractions represents the result of biosynthesis, and not that of genetic heterogeneity or subsequent degradation of one or more oligosaccharides.
Solving Posynomial Geometric Programming Problems via Generalized Linear Programming

This paper revisits an efficient procedure for solving posynomial geometric programming (GP) problems, which was initially developed by Avriel et al. The procedure, which used the concept of condensation, was embedded within an algorithm for the more general (signomial) GP problem. It is shown here that a computationally equivalent dual-based algorithm may be independently derived based on some more recent work where the GP primal-dual pair was reformulated as a set of inexact linear programs. The constraint structure of the reformulation provides insight into why the algorithm is successful in avoiding all of the computational problems traditionally associated with dual-based algorithms. Test results indicate that the algorithm can be used to successfully solve large-scale geometric programming problems on a desktop computer.
On low-power analog implementation of particle filters for target tracking

We propose a low-power, analog and mixed-mode, implementation of particle filters. Low-power analog implementation of nonlinear functions such as exponential and arctangent functions is done using multiple-input translinear element (MITE) networks. These nonlinear functions are used to calculate the probability densities in the particle filter. A bearings-only tracking problem is simulated to present the proposed low-power implementation of the particle filter algorithm.
An intelligent network monitoring and management tool for aircraft data networks

In this research work, authors propose an intelligent network monitoring and management tool for aircraft data network (ADN) to monitor and manage various on-board systems. This tool helps in visualizing a typical ADN network. It also provides live feed-back to both crew residing onboard and at the ground station. This tool consolidates all the information received from the ADN to provide live health status of the ADN to the user in the form of tables, graphs and charts. It also enables dynamic management of different resources like bandwidth, queuing delays etc to suit demands from subnets in an ADN. Furthermore, with the integration of behavioral algorithm, also developed by the researchers at Advanced Networking Research Center (ANRC) at Wichita State University, the network visualization tool is able to identify the anomalies in a typical aircraft data network, especially in the control network (CoN) and is able to reconfigure various components within the network to protect its integrity.
Paul Grobstein (Associate Editor, JRP, 2005-2011)

Paul Grobstein, Eleanor A. Bliss Professor of Biology at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, USA passed away Tuesday, June 28, 2011. Since Paul came to Bryn Mawr in 1986, he taught courses ranging from "Introductory Biology" and "Philosophy of Science" to "Evolution of Stories" and "The Brain and Education." Paul founded the Summer Institutes for K-12 Teachers, which brought hundreds of local educators to campus to consider new ways of teaching science and math. He served as chair of the Biology Department and was instrumental in the establishment and success of the Center for Science in Society at Bryn Mawr College.
Transsexualism, 1 Personality Disorders, and Spinal Cord Injury

The case of a 62-year-old transsexual female admitted to the trauma service after a car accident is presented. The patient developed new onset of paralysis and pain three days after admission, just as the hospital was preparing to discharge her. Physicians on the trauma, neurology, physical therapy, and psychiatry services initially diagnosed a conversion disorder and nearly missed a spinal cord injury. The literature on transgenderism, conversion disorder, and personality disorders is reviewed. Discussion raises issues of countertransference related to transgender patients as well as patients with histories of addiction and histrionic personality traits.