cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crustal evolution and the granulite to eclogite transition in xenoliths from kimberlites in the West African Craton

A petrographic, mineral and bulk chemical study of a xenolith suite of granulites and eclogites from Sample Creek, Liberia and Koidu, Sierra Leone, has been undertaken with a view to determining the nature of the crust-upper mantle interface. A broad range of xenolith compositions is present (from high-MgO eclogites to garnet-anorthosites) and a systematic AFM trend is established, consistent with mafic and ultramafic melt fractionation at moderate pressures (10–20 kbar). A trend is established for the entire xenolith suite among bulk chemistry, seismic P-wave velocity and a crust/mantle (C/M) bulk chemical ratio defined as Na2O + K2O + SiO2/FeO + MgO mole %. Three populations are present: a granulitic crustal group (SG 3.0); a granulite and eclogite transitional group (SG 3.0–3.3; VP = 7.2–8.0 km/s; C/M 1.5–3.0); andanexclusivelyuppermantleeclogiticgroup (ifSG > 3.3; VP = 8.2–8.7 km/s; C/M ~ 1.5). From these data and coupled with garnet-clinopyroxene mineral thermometry and accessory phases (e.g., diamond, graphite, coesite, kyanite) or the presence of plagioclase, a xenolith geotherm is established based on stratigraphic sequencing and phase transition boundaries. Diamond and coesite-bearing eclogites conform to the 40 mW/m2 standard cratonic low heat flow geotherm, whereas the plagioclase granulites at lower pressures correspond to an average rift geotherm of 90 mW/m2. The latter is ascribed to igneous underplating onto the lower crust or to thermal perturbations from an earlier tectonic event. Graphite and kyanite eclogites and the transitional group (in SG, VP and C/M ratio) of eclogites and granulites fall between the 40 and 90 mW/m2 reference geotherms. The xenoliths are meta-igneous, the lower crust and uppermost mantle are mafic in composition and the petrologic Moho is an intercalated, interstratified horizon of eclogite and garnet granulite. Growth of the early crust was largely a consequence of asthenospheric depletion in which underplating rather than lateral accretion was dominant.
RESPONSES OF RED FOXES TO FIRST AND SECOND INFECTION WITHSARCOPTES SCABIEI

The clinical response of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to the mange mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, was characterized by infection of five, 4-mo-old red foxes with S. scabieioriginally isolated from a wild red fox. The infected foxes and three uninfected control foxes were monitored with weekly complete blood counts and biweekly serum chemistry profiles, hypersensitivity tests, and evaluation of skin biopsies. After 7 wk, the foxes were treated and held free of infection for 2 mo. Six foxes, three previously infected and three with no history of exposure, were then infected with the same isolate of S. scabiei and followed for another 7 wk; two additional previously infected foxes were held as treatment controls, and two foxes with no history of exposure as naive controls. All infected foxes developed significant immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity reactions to a S. scabiei mite extract within 2 wk of exposure and maintained this reaction as long as 4 mo after clearance of mites. Pronounced mast cell hyperplasia and ...
ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF MATCHED‐PARIS PERMUTATIO STATISTICS BASED ON DISTANCE MEASURES

Summary A technique for deriving asymptotic distributions of matched-pairs permutation statistics based on distance measures is discussed and applied to four specific examples recently considered by Mielke & Berry (1982).
Temperature variability within Makassar Strait

Recent mooring observations of ocean temperature provide the first high resolution, long term record of temperature variability in the Makassar Strait of the Indonesian Seas. The mooring observations span the entire cycle of the strong 1997/1998 El Nino. A high correlation (r = 0.67) is found between variability in the average thermocline temperature, to variability in the southward Makassar volume transport: during high (low) volume transport, the average temperature of the thermocline is also high (low). In addition, from nearly 15 years of XBT data, the Makassar thermocline temperature is shown to be highly correlated (r = 0.77) to SOI. This reveals that the Makassar temperature field - when coupled with the throughflow - transmits the equatorial Pacific El Nino and La Nina temperature fluctuations into the Indian Ocean. The ENSO variability in the internal energy transport is calculated: 0.63 PW during the La Nina months of December 1996 through February 1997, and 0.39 PW during the El Nino months of December 1997 through February 1998.
Hungarian agriculture: A model for the socialist world?

Abstract Hungary's status as a model in agriculture is examined in terms of its economic, social and political performance, its planning and organizational components and the contextual factors affecting its transferability. In economic and social performance the Hungarian strategy compares favourably with the rest of Eastern Europe and the USSR. Planning and institutional factors contributing to this performance include the New Economic Mechanism planning approach, autonomous agricultural producers' co-operatives, new structures for diffusion of technology, and integration of household producers into the commodity system. While the transferability of the model remains doubtful due to factors such as size, technical base, and political choices, increased participation in the world economy may force the USSR and the rest of Eastern Europe into reforms bearing some resemblance to those in Hungary.
Petrarch’s “Original” of the Fragmenta 1362-1558: from Boccaccio to Rovillio’s third printing

This essay questions the use of the term original to refer to Petrarch’s partial holograph of the Fragmenta (Vaticano Latino 3195) by examining the essential scribal change of register, from “fair” to “service” copy, that the poet imposed upon the still unsewn quires. Especially for an author like Petrarch, keen upon revising minute details of his lyrics and upon authorizing an “edition” of his own work, a fair copy produced by a professional copyist under his supervision was, as we see in much of Latino 3195 and in professional copies of other works supervised by the poet, a key component of his “original.” Examining four integrated critical and material approaches to Petrarch’s work not only in the partial holograph but also in early codices and early printed editions, this study analyzes the utility of early fair copies in tracing the “original” of the Fragmenta .
The changing scope of union organizing

This paper presents a profile of the change in the scope of union organizing and provides empirical support for the numerous observations about the declining importance of jurisdictions in the selection of organizing targets. The scope of organizing is measured in terms of the distributions of the NLRB certification elections of 18 selected unions for 1973–1975 and 1983–1985. Diversity and concentration in organizing and its impact on election outcome are examined.
Honeymoon on Mars

The editor discusses new opportunities for multimedia research with regards to NASA and space development, also considering how the private sector might weigh in on financial space travel.
Imaging of acute tracheobronchial injury: Review of the literature

Tracheobronchial injury is a rare consequence of blunt thoracic trauma. Because clinical signs of injury are subtle or nonspecific, the diagnosis is easily over-looked. This article attempts to define the key clinical and radiologic findings associated with this injury based on observations from recently reported series and the authors’ own experience at a major trauma center. The article considers the demographic features, postulated injury mechanism, surgical pathology, and complications of tracheobronchial injury. Major associated imaging findings are illustrated.
Identification and Characterization of Human Herpesvirus-8 Lytic Cycle-Associated ORF 59 Protein and the Encoding cDNA by Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal antibody (Mab) 11D1 specific for HHV-8 showed a predominantly nuclear membrane fluorescence with about 30% of phorbol ester (TPA)-induced HHV-8-carrying BCBL-1 cells and with 2–8% of uninduced cells, but not with other herpes viruses infected cells. This Mab immunoprecipitated a 50-kDa polypeptide from BCBL-1 cells. The synthesis of this polypeptide was reduced but not inhibited by phosphonoacetic acid (PAA). A 2.3-kb cDNA insert from a cDNA library of TPA-induced BCBL-1 cells was identified by Mab 11D1. Sequence analysis shows that this cDNA is open at the 5′ end and encodes two ORFs of 396AA (5′ end) and 357AA (3′ end). These ORFs are identical to the published HHV-8 ORFs 59 and 58, respectively.In vitrotranscription and translation of the cDNA resulted in the synthesis of a 50-kDa polypeptide and its partial peptide map was identical to that of the 50-kDa polypeptide detected in the TPA induced BCBL-1 cells. Riboprobe made from the cDNA insert hybridized with several viral specific RNAs from BCBL-1 cells. Levels of these RNA species were reduced, but not inhibited by PAA. These characteristics are similar to other herpes viruses genes encoding the lytic cycle associated early–late class accessory proteins that are essential for viral DNA replication. This Mab 11D1 recognizing the HHV-8 lytic cycle associated ORF 59 protein will be highly useful in monitoring the lytic replicative cycle.
Contraceptive patterns of religious and racial groups in the United States, 1955-76: convergence and distinctiveness.

The purpose of this paper is to use a very large national sample of married women to show that religious affiliation and race are important factors affecting the contraceptive practice of married couples in the US. The 1973 and 1976 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) studies were combined. They are 2 nationally representative samples containing 14048 married women. The studies were based on personal interviews with multistage area probability samples of women aged 15-44 in the household population of the coterminus US. Comparisons are made between the contraceptive practice of religious groups in the US during the baby boom of the 1950s and those of the mid-1970s when fertility was much lower. In 1955 there was a substantial difference between Protestant and Catholic wives in the total births expected--0.56 children/woman. Jewish women expected 0.47 fewer children than Protestant women and 1.03 fewer children than Catholic women. A dramatic overall increase in surgical sterilization from 9 to 23% took place with a sharper increase among male operations. There was a dramatic decline among nonusers of contraception. The proportion using contraception changed little among Protestants and jews but increased from 42 to 57% among Catholics. In the 50s Protestant and Jewish couples were more likely to use the condom or the diaphragm while Catholics used the rhythm method. By the 70s the pill was the most popular method in all 3 groups. The proportion using contraception is highest among Jewish women (76%); all the white groups have a higher proportion using contraception than any of the black groups. White wives with no religious affiliation are very similar to Jewish wives (75%). The proportion contraceptively sterile is highest among white Protestant couples (21%) compared with 14.4% or less for all other groups of both races.
Regenerating Pt–3d–Pt model electrocatalysts through oxidation–reduction cycles monitored at atmospheric pressure

Abstract The interchange between the Pt–Ni–Pt and Ni–Pt–Pt bimetallic configurations in O 2 and H 2 is confirmed experimentally at atmospheric pressure using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The subsurface Pt–3d–Pt structure, a desirable configuration as cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells, is found to be preferred in the reducing environment of H 2 whereas the surface 3d–Pt–Pt configuration is preferred in O 2 . This process has been found to be reversible, providing useful insights into the maintenance and regeneration of the desirable subsurface structure.
Scaling relation for the inductance of a coil on a ferromagnetic half-space

Quantitative measurements have been made recently for the inductance of a coil placed next to flat ferromagnetic metal plates [1–3]. Results for a suite of low carbon steels were in good agreement with the analytic solutions of Cheng [4] and Dodd and Deeds [5], which describe the metal as a structureless half-space defined by an isotropic and uniform conductivity, σ, and initial relative permeability, μ. However, Refs. 1–3 reported poor agreement between the same halfspace model and inductance measurements made on commercially pure iron and nickel. Our desire to understand these results prompted us to more completely analyze the rather complicated analytic solution for the half-space model. [6] Somewhat to our surprise, we found that the solution simplifies for highly permeable metals and that above a characteristic frequency, the inductance change can be approximated by a simple expression.
Increased atherosclerosis in mice reconstituted with apolipoprotein E null macrophages

Macrophage-derived foam cells express apolipoprotein E (apoE) abundantly in atherosclerotic lesions. To examine the physiologic role of apoE secretion by the macrophage in atherogenesis, bone marrow transplantation was used to reconstitute C57BL/6 mice with macrophages that were either null or wild type for the apoE gene. After 13 weeks on an atherogenic diet, C57BL/6 mice reconstituted with apoE null marrow developed 10-fold more atherosclerosis than controls in the absence of significant differences in serum cholesterol levels or lipoprotein profiles. ApoE expression was absent in the macrophage-derived foam cells of C57BL/6 mice reconstituted with apoE null marrow. Thus, lack of apoE expression by the macrophage promotes foam cell formation. These data support a protective role for apoE expression by the macrophage in early atherogenesis.
The single lamprey neurofilament subunit (NF-180) lacks multiphosphorylation repeats and is expressed selectively in projection neurons.

Abstract The lamprey is considered the most primitive living vertebrate and its neurofilaments (NFs) are unique in being homopolymers of a single 180 kDa subunit (NF-180). Previous immunologic studies have suggested that the sidearm of NF-180 is highly phosphorylated selectively in the largest diameter axons. We report in this study the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the NF-180 lamprey protein. In situ hybridization with Dgoxgenin-labeled cRNA revealed NF-180 message exclusively in neurons with long axons, such as reticulospinal neurons and cranial motor neurons. The core of NF-180 was similar in structure to those of mammalian neurofilaments, but surprisingly, the carboxy sidearm lacked the multiphosphorylation repeats characteristic of higher vertebrate and invertebrate neurofilaments. Overall there was a paucity of potential phosphorylation sites in the NF-180 carboxy-terminus compared to NF-M and NF-H of mammals, fish and squid. This, along with the highly acidic nature of the NF-180 sidearm, makes it unlikely that phosphorylation of sidearm residues regulates interfilament spacing and axon diameter through global electrostatic repulsion of the carboxy-terminus away from the filament backbone. Furthermore, the expression of a single neurofilament subunit in the lamprey that is most similar to the NF-M of higher vertebrates suggests that all three mammalian neurofilament subunits evolved from a single NF-M-like precursor.
Environmental modulation of plant response to neutron irradiation

Various environmental factors that influence response to irradiation in both “wet” and “dry” plant systems are reviewed. The oxygen effect, expressed quantitatively as the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) is lower for neutrons (1·3–1·9) than for sparsely ionizing radiations. X and γ rays give OER's of 2·4–3·4 in wet systems and 10–15 in very dry seeds (2-3 per cent water content). Water appears to regulate the degree to which radiation induced oxygen-sensitive sites or radicals interact with oxygen to produce radiobiological damage. The protective effect of hypoxia is less with neutrons than with X irradiation, due most probably to endogenous production of oxygen in high LET tracks. Control over mutagenic or other specific radiobiological responses may lie, less in specific reactions with DNA, than with cellular processes that precede or follow treatment, so that preferential recovery may take place. Examples are given of some environmental perturbations that show promise for altering response to neutron irradiation.
Interferon inhibits the replication of HIV-1, SIV, and SHIV chimeric viruses by distinct mechanisms.

Abstract Interferon (IFN) treatment of lentivirus-infected cells substantially reduces virus replication in vitro . Although the replication of both HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is inhibited, IFN blocks the replication of these viruses at different stages of the viral life cycle. We previously demonstrated that in HIV-1–infected cells, IFN blocks a late step in viral replication, leading to a decrease in viral protein stability and a deregulation of polyprotein processing. In contrast, in SIV-infected cells, IFN blocks an early step in viral replication, between virus binding and reverse transcription. Thus, the viral gene products targeted by IFN may be different for each of these viruses. To attempt to define which viral proteins are targeted by the IFN response, we examined the effects of IFN on the replication of two SIV/HIV-1 (SHIV) chimeric viruses, SHIV-4( vpu + ) and SHIV-4( vpu − ) in 174 × CEM cells. These viruses were grown from constructs in which the SIV mac239 env , tat , and rev genes have been replaced with those of HIV-1. The use of SHIV-4( vpu + ) allowed us to examine whether vpu , which is unique to HIV-1, might contribute to the differential effects of IFN on HIV-1 and SIV replication. Surprisingly, we found that IFN inhibited SHIV replication differently than the replication of either HIV-1 or SIV. IFN treatment of SHIV-infected cells resulted in a decrease in the level of viral RNA expression but had no apparent effect on the integration of proviral DNA. Nuclear runoff transcription assays indicated that the reduction in SHIV RNA expression in IFN-treated cells was not due to alterations in RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, suggesting that IFN may block SHIV replication by promoting the increased degradation of viral RNA. The presence or absence of the vpu gene did not alter the effects of IFN on SHIV replication, indicating that Vpu is not responsible for the differential effect of IFN on HIV-1 and SIV replication. Thus the response of SHIVs to antiviral agents such as IFN may be unique from either HIV-1 or SIV. This may be an important consideration when using SHIVs to evaluate anti-HIV-1 therapies in animal models of AIDS.
The Digital Crime Tsunami

This study examines the current level of digital crime experience and investigative capabilities of law enforcement in Michigan. Information was obtained through interviews with members of Michigan Sheriff Departments. Following the collection and analysis of data, the results were extrapolated to the national level in order to provide a picture of what is facing law enforcement at the national level. The extrapolation was supported by FBI crime reports and other information sources. The results of the study argue that law enforcement is in a dire situation when it comes to dealing with digital crime. The pace of technical change and digital/cyber crime trends when juxtaposed with law enforcement's ability to deal investigate and prosecute these crimes provides for a bleak prognosis for the law enforcement and legal system.
Needle Gauge and Cytological Yield in CT-Guided Lung Biopsy

Rationale and Objectives. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of needle size on the diagnostic yield and complication rate of lung nodule biopsy. Materials and Methods. A total of 209 patients are included in a retrospective study. All patients underwent a needle lung biopsy under computer-tomography-guided guidance. Multiple different needle gauges are used in this study. Results. We found no correlation between the gauge of the needle and the incidence of complications or diagnostic yield associated with lung nodule biopsy. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of needle passes and the gauge of the needle (𝑃<.01). Conclusion. Using a larger gauge needle does not correlate with an increase in complication rate. However, there is a statically significant decrease in the number of needle passes using a larger gauge needle. While the diagnostic yield comparing small gauge needle and large gauge needle was not statistically different, this lack of difference in yield could be related to the difference in number of passes. The use of larger needle is likely to decrease number of passes, thereby resulting in decreased procedure times.
An intersectional approach to Men's Health

Abstract Men's lives and health are rooted in opportunity structures that are shaped by race, ethnicity and other characteristics that have important social, political, economic and cultural meaning. Within men's health, there is a need to consider how structural factors and men's socially-defined characteristics affect the relationship between sex, gender and health. The goal of an intersectional approach is to simultaneously examine the social and health effects of several key aspects of identity and context in ways that create a new understanding of these factors and that are a more accurate reflection of the lived experiences of the populations of interest. Despite their promise, intersectional approaches have been criticized for being difficult to operationalize and study systematically. This paper, however, presents a framework for studying the intersection of gender and other identities and characteristics that are relevant for men's health, and explicitly identifies key pathways and stratification...
A SURVEY OF TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING AND LEVERAGING CACHES IN GPUs

Initially introduced as special-purpose accelerators for graphics applications, graphics processing units (GPUs) have now emerged as general purpose computing platforms for a wide range of applications. To address the requirements of these applications, modern GPUs include sizable hardware-managed caches. However, several factors, such as unique architecture of GPU, rise of CPU–GPU heterogeneous computing, etc., demand effective management of caches to achieve high performance and energy efficiency. Recently, several techniques have been proposed for this purpose. In this paper, we survey several architectural and system-level techniques proposed for managing and leveraging GPU caches. We also discuss the importance and challenges of cache management in GPUs. The aim of this paper is to provide the readers insights into cache management techniques for GPUs and motivate them to propose even better techniques for leveraging the full potential of caches in the GPUs of tomorrow.
EC3, a heterodimeric disintegrin from Echis carinatus, inhibits human and murine α4 integrin and attenuates lymphocyte infiltration of Langerhans islets in pancreas and salivary glands in nonobese diabetic mice.

The venom of Echis carinatus suchoreki contains a monomeric disintegrin echistatin (Mr 5,500 Da) that strongly inhibits alphaIIbbeta3, alphavbeta3, and alpha5beta1 integrins and a heterodimeric disintegrin called EC3 (M(r) 14,762 Da). At nanomolar concentration, EC3 inhibits adhesion of human cell lines expressing alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 to immobilized VCAM-1; it has a lower inhibitory effect on alpha5beta1-mediated cell adhesion. In this study, we demonstrated that EC3, in contrast to echistatin, inhibited binding of monoclonal anti-alpha4 and anti-alpha5 antibodies to cells expressing alpha4beta7. In a dose-dependent manner and to the same extent, EC3 inhibited adhesion of Jurkat cells and murine splenic lymphocytes to immobilized VCAM-1, whereas echistatin was not active. EC3 injected intraperitoneally into nonobese diabetic (NOD mice) suppressed development of insulitis and sialoadenitis, whereas echistatin had no significant effect. We propose that the effect of EC3 is mediated, at least, in part, by blocking alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 on murine lymphocytes.
In vivo evaluation of [11C]-3-[2-[(3-methoxyphenylamino)carbonyl]ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2-carboxylic acid ([11C]3MPICA) as a PET radiotracer for the glycine site of the NMDA ion channel.

Abstract Alterations in normal NMDA receptor composition, densities and function have been implicated in the pathophysiology of certain neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Chorea, schizophrenia, alcoholism and stroke. In our first effort to provide PET ligands for the NMDA/glycine site, we reported the synthesis of a novel high affinity glycine site ligand, 3-[2-[(3-methoxyphenylamino)carbonyl]ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2-carboxylic acid ((3MPICA), Ki = 4.8 ± 0.9 nM) and the corresponding carbon-11 labeled PET ligand, [ 11 C]3MPICA. We report here the in vivo evaluation of [ 11 C]3MPICA in rats. Biodistribution analysis revealed that [ 11 C]3MPICA exhibited low degree of brain penetration and high blood concentration. The average uptake at two minutes was highest in the cerebellum (0.19 ± 0.04 %ID/g) and thalamus (0.18 ± 0.05 %ID/g) and lower in the hippocampus (0.13 ± 0.03) and frontal cortex (0.11 ± 0.04 %ID/g). The radioactivity cleared quickly from all brain regions examined. Administration of unlabeled 3MPICA (1 mg/kg, i.v.) revealed at 60 minutes a small general reduction in regional brain radioactivity concentrations in treated animals versus controls, however, the blood radioactivity concentration was also lowered, confounding the assessment of the degree of saturable binding. Warfarin co-administration (100 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly lowered blood activity at 5 minutes post-injection (−27%, P 11 C]3MPICA does not appear to be a promising PET radiotracer for in vivo use.
Thyroid-androgen interrelations and the hypocholesteremic effect of androsterone.

ABSTRACT Myxedema is associated with a profound change in the metabolism of androgen. Endogenous production of androsterpne was very low in 6 myxedematous patients, and a much smaller fraction of exogenous testosterone-4-C14 was converted to androsterone than in euthyroid subjects. In 1 hyperthyroid patient studied the reverse was observed, in that endogenous androsterone production was elevated. Administration of triiodothyronine to myxedematous patients altered this defect in metabolism and restored an essentially normal metabolic pattern for both endogenous and exogenous androgen. Administration of triiodothyronine to euthyroid subjects produced a similar change in endogenous and exogenous androgen metabolism, in that androsterone production was materially increased. From these results the hypothesis was made that some of the peripheral manifestations of excess or deficit of thyroid hormone might be mediated by the metabolites of steroid androgens. In confirmation, it was found that androsterone caused...
Quality Assessment of Compounded 17-hydroxyprogesterone Caproate

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of compounded 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC). Study Design Compounded 17-OHPC that was obtained from 15 compounding pharmacies throughout the United States was analyzed for potency, impurities, sterility, and pyrogen status. Results Eighteen samples were supplied by 15 compounding pharmacies. The concentration of 17-OHPC in all samples was within the specification limits, and all tested samples passed sterility and pyrogen testing. Only 1 of 18 samples was out of specification limits for impurities. Conclusion Compounded 17-OHPC that was obtained from 15 pharmacies throughout the United States did not raise safety concerns when assessed for potency, sterility, pyrogen status, or impurities.
Probabilistic fatigue life prediction using an equivalent initial flaw size distribution

A new methodology is proposed in this paper to calculate the equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) distribution. The proposed methodology is based on the Kitagawa–Takahashi diagram. Unlike the commonly used back-extrapolation method for EIFS calculation, the proposed methodology is independent of applied load level and only uses fatigue limit and fatigue crack threshold stress intensity factor. The advantage of the proposed EIFS concept is that it is very efficient in calculating the statistics of EIFS. The developed EIFS methodology is combined with probabilistic crack growth analysis to predict the fatigue life of smooth specimens. Model predictions are compared with experimental observations for various metallic materials.
Experimental Evidence of Light Induced Conical Intersections in Dissociation of Diatomic Molecules

We present evidence for the effect of light induced conical intersections in strong field photodissociation of H2+, manifested in angular distribution modulations that result from the topological singularity induced by intense laser pulses.
Bed Sharing With Unimpaired Parents Is Not an Important Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: To the Editor

To the Editor .— Having reviewed the articles in Pediatrics regarding the new sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) recommendations, I found several issues of editorial concern. First, I am concerned that the pacifier meta-analysis article1 was published at the same time as the recommendations,2 which did not give other physicians a chance to review the articles, write letters, and respond before recommendations were issued. The avoidance of this usual peer-review process calls into question the strength of the SIDS recommendations. There are indeed several flaws in the pacifier article1 and its conclusions. The articles from which they came were all case-control studies, which itself is problematic. Because the most compelling data were on infants who usually used pacifiers but did not use one on the reference night, it …
Ion-pair complexes of methyl viologen and anionic solutes

Methyl viologen forms ion-pair complexes with anionic solutes such as EDTA, hexametaphosphate, acetate, citrate and sulfide ions. The luminescence properties of all complexes are similar, exhibiting an emission maximum centered about 520 nm and an excitation peak at 405 nm. The lifetime of the luminescence is on the order of 5 ns. For all complexes a new absorption band appears as a shoulder extending out to 500 nm. For the EDTA complex there is a strong pH dependence of both the intensity of the absorption and the stoichiometry of the complex suggesting that at pH values substantially greater than pK a 3 of EDTA (10.2) a 2:1 complex (2MV 2+ :⋯ EDTA 4− ) is formed. At pH values significantly less than pK a 3 of EDTA a 1 : 1 complex is formed (MV 2+ ⋯HEDTA 3− ). Photoexcitation of the complexes leads to the formation of reduced methyl viologen. The data draw attention to complications in previous model systems for the storage of solar energy.
EFFECTS OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION AND WATERSHED URBANIZATION ON FISHES IN STREAMS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC PIEDMONT (USA)

Abstract: The joint influences of riparian vegetation and urbanization on fish assemblages were analyzed by depletion sampling in paired forested and nonforested reaches of 25 small streams along an urbanization gradient. Nonforested reaches were narrower than their forested counterparts, so densities based on surface area differ from linear densities (based on reach length). Linear densities (based on number or biomass of fish) of American eel, white sucker and tesselated darter, and the proportion of biomass of benthic invertivores were significantly higher in nonforested reaches, while linear densities of margined madtom and the number of pool species were significantly higher in forested reaches. Observed riparian effects may reflect differences in habitat and algal productivity between forested and nonforested reaches. These results suggest that relatively small-scale riparian restoration projects can affect local geomorphology and the abundance of fish. Dense vegetative cover in riparian zones and similar or analogous habitats in both forested and nonforested reaches, the relatively small scale of the nonforested reaches, and the low statistical power to detect differences in abundance of rare species may have limited the observed differences between forested and nonforested reaches. There was a strong urbanization gradient, with reductions of intolerant species and increases of tolerant species and omnivores with increasing urbanization. Interactions between riparian vegetation type and urbanization were found for blacknose dace, creek chub, tesselated darter, and the proportion of biomass of lithophilic spawners. The study did not provide consistent support for the hypotheses that responses of fish to riparian vegetation would be overwhelmed by urban degradation or insignificant at low urbanization.
Clusters of Branched Aliphatic Side Chains Serve As Cores of Stability in the Native State of the HisF TIM Barrel Protein

Imidazole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase is a heterodimeric allosteric enzyme that catalyzes consecutive reactions in imidazole biosynthesis through its HisF and HisH subunits. The unusually slow unfolding reaction of the isolated HisF TIM barrel domain from the thermophilic bacteria, Thermotoga maritima, enabled an NMR-based site-specific analysis of the main-chain hydrogen bonds that stabilize its native conformation. Very strong protection against exchange with solvent deuterium in the native state was found in a subset of buried positions in α-helices and pervasively in the underlying β-strands associated with a pair of large clusters of isoleucine, leucine and valine (ILV) side chains located in the α7(βα)8(βα)1–2 and α2(βα)3–6β7 segments of the (βα)8 barrel. The most densely packed region of the large cluster, α3(βα)4–6β7, correlates closely with the core of stability previously observed in computational, protein engineering and NMR dynamics studies, demonstrating a key role for this cluster in determining the thermodynamic and structural properties of the native state of HisF. When considered with the results of previous studies where ILV clusters were found to stabilize the hydrogen-bonded networks in folding intermediates for other TIM barrel proteins, it appears that clusters of branched aliphatic side chains can serve as cores of stability across the entire folding reaction coordinate of one of the most common motifs in biology.
Visual Assessment of Regional Myocardial Perfusion Utilizing Radioactive Xenon and Scintillation Photography

A method was devised to visualize the areas of left ventricle supplied by various coronary arterial branches utilizing scintillation photography and an inert radioactive gas which distributes instantaneously between coronary blood and perfused myocardial cells. From 1 to 5 millicuries of 133Xe dissolved in saline solution was injected through a catheter into the anterior descending or posterior circumflex branch of the left coronary artery of 15 dogs. Scintillation images produced during arrival and washout of 133Xe in the various regions of the heart were recorded by an image intensifier scintillation camera and high speed television monitor and were reproduced on Polaroid film during replay of the videotape on an oscilloscope. The resulting scintiphotographs defined the region of the left ventricle supplied by the coronary arterial branch. In nine of the dogs acute myocardial infarctions were produced by occluding one or the other branch of the left coronary artery. When 133Xe was injected again into th...
Frequency Response Of Linear Systems With Parameter Uncertainties

Abstract The primary objective of the present study is to develop a new analytical method for estimating the frequency response characteristics of a linear time-variant, discrete vibratory system when the mass, stiffness and damping parameters are uncertain. The excitation amplitude is also considered to be random but the frequency is deterministic. Given several simplifying assumptions, a direct product technique is proposed to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the steady state displacement response at the excitation frequency. Application of this theory is demonstrated by several single- and multi-degree-of-freedom examples. The distinction between off- and near-resonance regime characteristics is clearly pointed out. In order to verify the proposed analytical technique, predictions are compared with the results obtained by the Monte-Carlo simulation and/or perturbation methods. It is seen that, unlike the perturbation method, the proposed technique works well in the vicinity of a resonance. Our methodology can be implemented easily, and is reasonably accurate and computationally inexpensive, when compared with the existing methods.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT WITH JOB SATISFACTION, EMPLOYEE COOPERATION, AND INTENTION TO QUIT IN U.S. INVESTED ENTERPRISE IN CHINA

In a U.S. invested enterprise in China, the receptivity of Chinese employees to a participative work environment was examined. Structural equation analysis indicated support for a model in which job satisfaction mediates the relationships between elements of a participative work environment (i.e., tasks performed, the relationships individuals had with their work groups, and the nature of the decision making processes) and employee willingness to cooperate with co‐workers and intention to quit. Task interdependence also had a direct relationship with willingness to cooperate.
Hematuria preceding renal calculus formation in children with hypercalciuria

Five children were evaluated for painless hematuria; currently recommended diagnostic studies were unsuccessful in determining a diagnosis. A renal calculus subsequently was passed or detected radiographically in each child from 14 to 20 months after the initial evaluation. Hypercalciuria was then demonstrated by quantitation of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion or by measurement of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. Calculi and hematuria have not recurred following thiazide therapy. We infer that idiopathic hypercalciuria was a probable cause of the unexplained painless hematuria.
THE ESTIMATION OF EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE IN HUMAN PLASMA

A modification of the cthylcnediamine technic for the measurement of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine is described, and the results of studies in normal subjects and patients are reported. Normal subjects had higher norepinephrine levels during mild activity than at bed rest, and an increase in both epinephrine and norepinephrine levels was observed after strenuous exercise. The plasma concentration of epinephrine was elevated during hypoglycemia following the administration of insulin to a normal subject. The concentrations of plasma amines in patients with essential hypertension, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism were not significantly altered. However, an elevation of epinephrine level was observed in patients with hyperthyroidism. The reresults of studies performed in 9 patients with pheochromocytoma confirmed the usefulness of plasma amine determinations in the diagnosis of this disorder, and showed a high correlation between the proportions of epinephrine and repinephrine in pl...
The Intersection and Accumulation of Racial and Gender Inequality: Black Women’s Wealth Trajectories

Prior research has found evidence of large racial and gender disparities in wealth, with blacks possessing less wealth than whites and women having less wealth than men. An intersectionality approach suggests that the overlapping impacts of racial and gender domination are likely to combine in a multiplicative fashion that places black women in a uniquely precarious economic position. However, little is known about the wealth holdings of black women and even less is known about whether their wealth increases, decreases or remains stable as they approach retirement age, a stage of life when savings are especially important. This study utilizes seven waves of panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and growth curve models to estimate the wealth trajectories of black women between the ages of 51 and 73. Results reveal that black women have especially low levels of net worth and net financial assets during middle and late life, suggesting high risk of economic insecurity in later life. Consistent with political economy and intersectionality perspectives, their persistently low wealth trajectories are likely the result of state policies, discrimination, residential segregation and health disparities. Ameliorative policy prescriptions are discussed.
Effect of abrupt exposure to outdoor heat on humans accustomed to air conditioning

Abstract The increasing reliance upon air conditioning as a protection againts summer heat in urban centers of the southern United States and the possible physiological significance of such dependence are the focal points of this investigation. The responses of 22 volunteers, sedentary office workers, were traced through a succession of contrasting microclimatic environments, viz. air-conditioned building interior, outdoor shade and an open concrete space of a typical parking lot. The experiment permitted a comparison of the expected degree of heat discomfort based on calculated bio-meteorological idices with the subjective sensations reported by the study participants and with actual measurements of their physiological responses. The study showed that healthy individuals, all long-term residents of the south, accustomed, however, to air conditioning, still manifest a substantial thermal burdening when abruptly exposed to urban exterior environments.
Histopathologic study of ocular changes in a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies.

We examined a 5-month-old boy who had an iris coloboma in the left eye, persistent hyaloid artery, macular hypoplasia, left aberrant nerve palsy, and bilateral blepharoptosis. He had microcephaly and bilateral corticospinal tract dysfunction. Additionally, he had brachycephaly, a high arched palate, hypoplasis, a malformed left external ear, and bilateral finger contractures. Computed tomography showed agenesis of the corpus callosum. He died at age 5 months. On histologic examination the left eye showed an iris coloboma, ciliary epithelial differentiation to the retina, undifferentiated neuroepithelium beneath the equatorial retina, persistent hyaloid artery, and optic nerve coloboma and pit. These findings may result from failure of the fetal fissure of the optic cup to close, with redundant folds of neuroepithelium and focal aberrant differentiation. The constellation of developmental defects indicates that an insult occurred during the sixth week of gestation.
Cationic photopolymerization of ambifunctional monomers

Certain metal-catalyzed hydrosilations have been found to occur in a highly regioselective manner which makes them useful for the preparation of unique classes of ambifunctional monomers. These monomers bear two chemically different functional groups within the same molecule. By selection of the appropriate functional groups it is possible to design monomers in which the functional groups react independently, copolymerize, or polymerize by different mechanisms. This article describes some recent results of the synthesis and polymerization of several novel types of ambifunctional monomers.
Migrant Sex Workers: An Analysis of Transnational Crime Displacement and Antitrafficking Measures

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine South Korea’s nationwide antitrafficking measures that were implemented after the introduction of the Act on the Punishment of Intermediating in the Sex Trade, which has resulted in transnational crime displacement. The paper introduces the transnational crime displacement phenomenon in human trafficking and smuggling for sexual exploitation. It reviews transnational crime displacement cases in the areas of drug trafficking, terrorism, and the sex trade. Following this is a discussion about the data source and its findings: the secondary data analysis of a survey of 1,078 Korean sex workers. The results are mixed, but multivariate logistic regression series do support that transnational crime displacement in the sex trade and human trafficking occurred after the nationwide antitrafficking efforts in South Korea. Finally, the authors discuss the implications for theory and policy so as to improve our understanding of transnational crime displacement, the cu...
Observation of relativistic cross-phase modulation in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions.

A nonlinear optical phenomenon, relativistic cross-phase modulation, is reported. A relativistically intense light beam (I=1.3x10{sup 18} W cm{sup -2}, {lambda}=1.05 {mu}m) is experimentally observed to cause phase modulation of a lower intensity, copropagating light beam in a plasma. The latter beam is generated when the former undergoes the stimulated Raman forward scattering instability. The bandwidth of the Raman satellite is found to be broadened from 3.8-100 nm when the pump laser power is increased from 0.45-2.4 TW. A signature of relativistic cross-phase modulation, namely, asymmetric spectral broadening of the Raman signal, is observed at a pump power of 2.4 TW. The experimental cross-phase modulated spectra compared well with theoretical calculations. Applications to generation of high-power single-cycle pulses are also discussed.
A Phe-rich region in short-wavelength sensitive opsins is responsible for their aggregation in the absence of 11-cis-retinal

Human blue and mouse S-opsin are prone to aggregation in the absence of 11-cis-retinal, which underlie the rapid cone degeneration in human patients and animal models of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). By in silico analysis and domain swapping experiments, we show that a Phe-rich region in short-wavelength sensitive (SWS) opsins, but not in medium/long-wavelength sensitive opsins, is responsible for SWS opsin aggregation. Mutagenesis studies suggest that Phe residues in this region are critical in mediating protein aggregation. Fusing the Phe-rich region of SWS opsins to GFP causes the latter to aggregate. Our findings suggest that new therapeutics can be designed to disrupt the Phe-rich region in preventing cone degeneration due to S-opsin aggregation in LCA.
Learning about Power through Service: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of a Service-Learning Approach to American Government

Scholars of public opinion and socialization have documented extensively the declining levels of political knowledge and the increasing levels of political apathy and individualism among young people. The purpose of this paper is to assess an American Government course's ability to affect young people's perceptions of power in the political system and their role as citizens through the use of service-learning. The analysis includes qualitative data collected from students as well as from the community organization involved. Additionally, the results of a quasi-experiment conducted during one semester are presented. The results raise interesting questions not only about service-learning and its impact but also about how we should assess such programs.
Polynomials on Banach lattices and positive tensor products

Abstract This paper is the first systematic study of homogeneous polynomials on Banach lattices. A variety of new Banach spaces and Banach lattices of multilinear maps, homogeneous polynomials, and operators are introduced. The main technique is to employ positive tensor products and quotients of positive tensor products. Our theorems generalize the results on orthogonally additive polynomials by Benyamini, Lassalle, and Llavona (2006) in [4] , the results by Grecu and Ryan (2005) in [14] , and the results by Sundaresan (1991) in [23] .