cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hamiltonian and onsageristic approaches in the nonlinear theory of fluid-permeable elastic continua

Abstract A new system of equations governing nonlinear dynamics of fluid-permeable poroelastic media is derived on the basis of Hamilton's principle for reversible effects and the Onsager-Sedov approach for irreversible effects. The equations are in Eulerian variables, suitable for dealing with fluid and solid phenomena simultaneously. The classical (Murnaghan-like) equations of nonlinear elasticity, as well as the governing equations of the ideal and Navier-Stokes fluids are shown to be special cases of the general governing system. It is well-known that the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible fluid provide a correct self-consistent basis for studying a wide variety of nonlinear effects in fluids. The authors believe that the governing system proposed here provides the same opportunities for various nonlinear effects in poro-elastic fluid-penetrable media.
The influence of enlightenment on compliance

Abstract The effect of knowledge of compliance principles on subsequent behavior was investigated in three groups of 35 adult Americans. One group read portions of a study on the door-in-the-face technique, another read about the low-ball technique, and the third group, the control condition, read a topic not related to compliance. Immediately afterward, the two compliance techniques and a target-request-only procedure were employed in asking the groups to complete a math test and, during a follow-up telephone call 2 weeks later, to participate in a phone survey. There were no differences between the groups in accepting the math test or completing the phone survey. However, there was a significant overall effect of information on returning the math test. In some comparisons, knowledge of the door-in-the-face technique decreased compliance, while in others information about the low-ball technique increased it.
The initial attack of acute rheumatic fever during childhood in North India. A prospective study of the clinical profile

A prospective study was done to determine the clinical profile of first attacks of acute rheumatic fever in children in North India. Unlike other reports, the clinical profile described here closely resembles the spectrum prevalent in the West. Arthritis, the most common manifestation, was seen in 66.6% of the 102 patients, chorea in 20.7%, and carditis in 33.7%. Carditis was considered mild in 22 patients and severe in 12; a persistent elevation of sleeping pulse rate and mitral regurgitation was noted in each case. Patients with severe carditis also had significant cardiomegaly and apical mid-diastolic murmur. Two patients with severe carditis developed congestive heart failure; one of them had pericarditis as well. Murmur of aortic origin was not noted in this series. One patient with severe carditis died from the disease. Erythema marginatum was noted in two, both of whom had severe carditis. There were two instances of subcutaneous nodules, one with and one without carditis. The close similarity of t...
Rapid, comprehensive analysis of human cytokine mRNA and its application to the study of acute renal allograft rejection.

Abstract Cytokine mRNA analysis was performed on human renal allograft needle core biopsies by a PCR-based assay. The assay was specifically developed to be capable of simultaneous analysis of multiple interleukin transcripts (IL-1-IL-12), as well as those of other relevant cytokines, by one person in less than 1 day from cultured cells or directly from tissue samples. It was initially used on preparations containing known amounts of plasmid DNA encoding individual cytokine cDNA sequences, confirming that the sensitivity of this technique was both well defined and comparable for all target sequences tested. Analysis of human PBLs prior to stimulation, after polyclonal stimulation with PHA and after simultaneous treatment with PHA and MP or CyA, was also performed to show a proportional relationship between mRNA levels measured by PCR and protein release measured by ELISA ( R 2 = 0.86). This correlation was not adversely altered by pharmacologic immunosuppression by MP or CyA. Thus, this method of PCR primer design and usage was appropriate for the clinical study of cytokine mRNA levels during allograft rejection. Direct study of cytokine mRNA in allograft biopsy tissue showed that IL-2 was specifically and significantly ( p = 0.006) elevated during ACR when compared to other causes of graft dysfunction. Transcripts from the IFN-γ and IL-6 genes were also increased in ACR ( p = 0.001 and 0.017, respectively), whereas increased IL-8 mRNA was correlated with irreversible loss of graft function ( p = 0.02). TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 gene transcripts were also detected during ACR, but were not quantitatively increased compared to other forms of graft injury ( p > 0.2). We conclude that acute cellular rejection is associated with intragraft mRNA from the IL-2 gene. Other transcripts, including those from the IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 genes, are detected in increased amounts during this process. Messenger RNA from the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 genes is also detected during ACR, but the presence of these transcripts is not exclusive to this process. fabPresented May 21, 1993 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, Houston, Texas.
Ascl3 expression marks a progenitor population of both acinar and ductal cells in mouse salivary glands

Ascl3, also know as Sgn1, is a member of the mammalian achaete scute (Mash) gene family of transcription factors, which have been implicated in cell fate specification and differentiation. In the mouse salivary gland, expression of Ascl3 is restricted to a subset of duct cells. Salivary gland function depends on the secretory acinar cells, which are responsible for saliva formation, and duct cells, which modify the saliva and conduct it to the oral cavity. The salivary gland ducts are also the putative site of progenitor cells in the adult gland. Using a Cre recombinase-mediated reporter system, we followed the fate of Ascl3-expressing cells after the introduction of an EGFP-Cre expression cassette into the Ascl3 locus by homologous recombination. Lineage tracing shows that these cells are progenitors of both acinar and ductal cell types in all three major salivary glands. In the differentiated progeny, expression of Ascl3 is down-regulated. These data directly demonstrate a progenitor-progeny relationship between duct cells and the acinar cell compartment, and identify a population of multipotent progenitor cells, marked by expression of Ascl3, which is capable of generating both gland cell types. We conclude that Ascl3-expressing cells contribute to the maintenance of the adult salivary glands.
Physiological studies on the rock pocket mouse, Perognathus intermedius.

Abstract 1. 1. Metabolism, thermoregulatory patterns, pulmocutaneous water loss and hibernation cycles were studied in the rock pocket mouse, Perognathus intermedius . 2. 2. The thermoneutral zone for P. intermedius was not evident when measurements of rate of oxygen consumption, V O 2 , were made in April. However, the zone was from about 33 to 36°C when measurements were made in January. 3. 3. The average V O 2 was about 23 per cent higher in January than in April. 4. 4. At T a below 30°C, V O 2 increased at a rate of 0·2 and 0·22 ml/g. hr for every 1°C decrease during January and April respectively. The rate of increase in V O 2 in January was about 13 percent lower as compared to the rate of increase in April. 5. 5. At ambient temperature T a above 37°C, V O 2 increased during January and showed no appreciable change during April even at a T a above 40°C. 6. 6. The T re is labile even at T a of 30°C. T re ranges between 33 and 36°C, and changes in T re appear to be related to time of day and T a . Lethal T re is about 41°C, and the rate of hyperthermia is less rapid than in other species of heteromyids. 7. 7. The pulmocutaneous water loss increases with rising T a . Water loss is similar in P. intermedius to other species of Perognathus at T a of 20–30°C, but at T a above 30°C, P. intermedius evaporated more than P. californicus . 8. 8. Daily hibernation occurs spontaneously at T a below the lower critical temperature and can be induced by food restriction.
Herbal and dietary supplement use in a community-dwelling older population: how common and is it a problem?

This study evaluates the correlation between chronic illnesses and herbal or nutritional supplement use in a community-dwelling older population and estimates the prevalence of potentially serious supplement-drug interactions. A random sample of 405 Medicare enrollees over age 65 were interviewed by telephone. Two hundred and forty-nine participants (60.5%) reported taking at least one dietary supplement. Only 46/99 (46.5%) respondents taking a herbal supplement had disclosed this use to their physician. The most commonly used supplements were green tea extracts, glucosamine and chondroitin. Use of herbal supplements was associated with a higher self-reported rate of adverse drug effects (ADEs) (34.3% vs 21.2%; p =0.007), but none of the events were attributed by the enrollee to the herbal substance. None of the herbal-prescription medication combinations taken by enrollees resulted in symptoms that were consistent with published negative herbal-drug interactions. Vitamins and herbal remedies were commonly used, however, the use of products with known potential supplement-drug interactions was low, and no ADEs were attributed to vitamin or herbal use.
Whole bone mechanics and bone quality.

Background The skeleton plays a critical structural role in bearing functional loads, and failure to do so results in fracture. As we evaluate new therapeutics and consider treatments to prevent skeletal fractures, understanding the basic mechanics underlying whole bone testing and the key principles and characteristics contributing to the structural strength of a bone is critical.
Zur Kenntnis der allgemeinen Funktion zwischen Viskosität und Teilchengrö\e

Es werden Viskositatsmessungen an verdunnten Bentonitsolen von bekannter Teilchengro\e (10–200 mΜ) mitgeteilt. Die Viskositat nimmt mit zunehmender Teilchengro\e bis zu einem konstanten Wert ab. Es liegt hier also ein weiteres Beispiel fur den noch wenig untersuchten absteigenden Ast der von Wo. Ostwald postulierten Maximumkurve der allgemeinen Funktion zwischen Viskositat und Teilchengro\e vor. Der au\erordentliche Anstieg der Viskositat im Gebiete der Fraktionen mit kleinstem Teilchendurchmesser, sowie die, im Vergleich zum reinen Dispersionsmittel, noch verhaltnisma\ig hohe Viskositat der groben Fraktionen wird auf den hohen Hydratationsgrad des dispersen Anteiles zuruckgefuhrt.
Fine-grained spectrum adaptation in WiFi networks

Explosive growth of WiFi traffic calls for new technologies to dramatically improve spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we propose an approach to adapt the spectrum on a per-frame basis. It consists of three major components: (i) a fine-grained spectrum access design that allows a sender and receiver to change their transmission and reception spectrum on demand, (ii) fast and accurate spectrum detection that allows a receiver to determine which spectrum is used by its sender on a per-frame basis by exploiting the IEEE 802.11 preamble structure, and (iii) an efficient spectrum allocation algorithm that determines which spectrum to use for each transmission by taking into account frequency diversity and interference. It can further be adapted to perform a joint assignment of spectrum, schedule, and access point (AP) for each frame. Using a SORA implementation and trace-driven simulation, we demonstrate the feasibility of per-frame spectrum adaptation and its significant benefit over existing channel assignment approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first per-frame spectrum adaptation prototype for WiFi networks.
A graphical method for estimating charge collected by diffusion from an ion track

The diffusion equation has some applications relevant to charge collection from ion tracks in silicon devices. This problem has been treated in the past for cases in which the entire upper surface can be represented as a sink for minority carriers. The present paper treats the case in which there are a number of disconnected upper junctions separated by reflective surfaces. Numerical results, presented as plots of charge-collection efficiency contours, are given for several device geometries. Such plots, combined with a simple superposition, provide charge-collection estimates for arbitrary track length, location, and direction. The mathematical theory applies to any geometry and can be used by the reader to obtain additional plots and/or analytical expressions. The diffusion coefficient can be an arbitrary function of carrier density.
A Physicochemical Model of Crystalloid Infusion on Acid-Base Status

The objective of this study is to develop a physicochemical model of the projected change in standard base excess (SBE) consequent to the infused volume of crystalloid solutions in common use. A clinical simulation of modeled acid-base and fluid compartment parameters was conducted in a 70-kg test participant at standard physiologic state: pH =7.40, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) = 40 mm Hg, Henderson-Hasselbalch actual bicarbonate ([HCO3]HH) = 24.5 mEq/L, strong ion difference (SID) = 38.9 mEq/L, albumin = 4.40 g/dL, inorganic phosphate = 1.16 mmol/L, citrate total = 0.135 mmol/L, and SBE =0.1 mEq/L. Simulations of multiple, sequential crystalloid infusions up to 10 L were conducted of normal saline (SID = 0), lactated Ringer's (SID = 28), plasmalyte 148 (SID = 50), one-half normal saline þ 75 mEq/L sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; SID = 75), 0.15 mol/L NaHCO3 (SID = 150), and a hypothetical crystalloid solution whose SID = 24.5 mEq/L, respectively. Simulations were based on theoretical completion of steady-state equilibrium and PCO2 was fixed at 40 mm Hg to assess nonrespiratory acid-base effects. A crystalloid SID equivalent to standard state actual bicarbonate (24.5 mEq/L) results in a neutral metabolic acid-base status for infusions up to 10 L. The 5 study solutions exhibited curvilinear relationships between SBE and crystalloid infusion volume in liters. Solutions whose SID was greater than 24.5 mEq/L demonstrated a progressive metabolic alkalosis and less, a progressive metabolic acidosis. In a human model system, the effects of crystalloid infusion on SBE are a function of the crystalloid and plasma SID, volume infused, and nonvolatile plasma weak acid changes. A projection of the impact of a unit volume of various isotonic crystalloid solutions on SBE is presented. The model's validation, applications, and limitations are examined.
A programmable radar signal processor architecture

A programmable radar signal processor architecture is described. It is designed to handle up to a 10-MHz analog/digital sample rate. The architecture consists of a front-end composed of a parallel array of programmable digital signal processing (DSP) devices, which performs the high-speed signal processing functions such as pulse compression, moving target indication, constant false alarm rate processing, etc., and outputs contact reports, to a back-end processor consisting of transputer microprocessors to perform post-detection processing. The processor is being developed to support the Point Defence Demonstration Radar. >
Feedback control of the National Airspace System to mitigate weather disruptions

This paper proposes a general modeling framework adapted to the feedback control of traffic flows in Eulerian models of the National Airspace System (NAS). It is shown that the problems of scheduling and routing aircraft flows in the NAS can be posed as the control of a network of queues with load-dependent service rates. We can then focus on developing techniques to ensure that the aircraft queues in each airspace sector, which are an indicator of the air traffic controller workloads, are kept small. This paper uses the proposed framework to develop control laws that help manage the NAS during a weather event, given a probabilistic forecast of capacities. We also address the management of airport arrivals and departures subject to runway capacity constraints, which are highly sensitive to weather disruptions.
Laparoscopic total colectomy: hand-assisted vs standard technique.

Background: Although hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) has been proposed as an alternative to laparoscopically assisted surgery (LAP), little is known about its role in total colectomy. The objectives of the study were to compare the outcomes in patients undergoing total colectomy via either HALS or LAP and to determine what benefits HALS might have in extensive colorectal procedures. Methods: We reviewed the data for 23 patients who underwent total proctocolectomy (TPC) or total abdominal colectomy (TAC) using either a HALS or LAP technique. Results: There were 12 HALS (five TPC, seven TAC) and 11 LAP (seven TPC, four TAC) for ulcerative colitis (n = 17), familial polyposis (n = 5), and colonic inertia (n = 1). One LAP was converted (9.1%). The operative time was shorter for HALS than for LAP (210 vs 273 min; p = 0.03). Blood loss and incision length were similar. Postoperative recovery and morbidity rates were comparable. Conclusion: HALS reduces the operative time but patient morbidity rates and recovery are similar to LAP. HALS may be preferable for extensive colorectal procedures such as TPC and TAC.
Vaccination Response of Young Foals to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin: Evidence of Effective Priming in the Presence of Maternal Antibodies

Abstract The ability to produce antibodies is essential for protection from infectious disease; however, in the neonate, maternal antibodies have been proposed to interfere with the foal's ability to respond to vaccination. In species other than the equid, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, a high-molecular weight protein, is used in vivo as an experimental vaccine component because of its high intrinsic immunogenicity. In this study, we show that young foals are able to produce a primary antibody response to vaccination at an early age. Thus, foals, like human infants, are capable of responding to antigenic exposure to a novel antigen (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) during the neonatal period. Although vaccinating foals in the presence of maternal antibodies failed to induce a primary serological response, priming occurred as comparable anamnestic responses were detected upon subsequent exposure to the antigen. There was no evidence of tolerance induction.
A Synopsis of the Management of Vocal Fold Scar

Abstract Vocal fold scarring remains one of the greatest therapeutic challenges in laryngology and voice therapy. The loss of superior lamina propria results in a change in the pliability of the vo...
Photothermal lens spectrometry of metallic nanoparticles colloids

ABSTRACT We report on pump-probe mode-mismatched photothermal le ns experiments of metallic nanoparticles water solutions. We show that metallic nanoparticles colloids exhibit nonlinear absorption effects related to attraction or repulsion forces that result from the interaction with the electromagnetic radiation. Gold and iron oxide nanoparticles show a double peak Z-scan shape that is associated to the presence of attraction forces. We calibrate the experiment using the linear absorption values of the samples obtaining their corresponding nonlinear absorption coefficients. Keywords: Photothermal lens spectrometry, metallic colloid properties, absorption spectroscopy 1. INTRODUCTION Metallic colloids, metallic particles of micrometer or nanome ter dimensions dissolved in water or other solvents, have been the field of study of a number of researchers thanks to their potential applications in Biophotonics and Biomedicine. 1-5 Of particular interest is the understanding of m echanism of interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Several authors have proposed the used of photothermal lens (PTL) method for characterization of optical absorption of metallic colloids.
Effect of tremorine, oxotremorine and decaborane on brain histamine levels in rats☆

Abstract The influence of tremorine and oxotremorine on the histamine level of whole brain of rats was re-evaluated. It was found that even toxic doses of tremorine did not alter brain histamine levels. Decaborane and 4-thiazolylmethoxyamine (TMA) caused marked and prolonged depletion of brain histamine. When tremorine or oxotremorine was administered to rats pretreated with TMA, the intensity and duration of the effects of the tremorogenic agents remained unaltered. It was concluded that brain histamine does not play any significant role in the pharmacological effects of these two drugs.
Intravascular ultrasound assessment of the magnitude and mechanism of coronary artery and lumen tapering

Abstract Lumen tapering is almost always seen in coronary artery disease, and averages 0.22 mm for every 10 mm of arterial length. Conversely, reversed lumen tapering is uncommon (approximately 10% of arteries). The mechanism of lumen tapering (EEM tapering vs differential plaque accumulation) varies with lesion location.
The Criminal Code

Howard Hawks’ The Criminal Code (1931) preceded Scarface (1932) as the director's second sound film and has mostly suffered neglect by those favoring his first sound production The Dawn Patrol (193...
Characterization of cis-Acting Sites Controlling Arginine Deiminase Gene Expression in Streptococcus gordonii

The arginine deiminase system (ADS) is responsible for the production of ornithine, CO2, ammonia, and ATP from arginine. The ADS of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii plays major roles in physiologic homeostasis, acid tolerance, and oral biofilm ecology. To further our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of the ADS (arc) operon, the binding of the ArcR transcriptional activator, which governs expression of the ADS in response to arginine, was investigated by DNase I protection and gel mobility shift assays. An ArcR binding sequence was found that was 27 bp in length and had little sequence similarity to binding sites of other arginine metabolism regulators. The presence of arginine at physiologically relevant concentrations enhanced the binding of ArcR to its target. Using cat fusions, various deletion and substitution mutations within the putative ArcR footprint were shown to cause dramatic reductions in expression from the arcA promoter in vivo, confirming that the 27-bp sequence is required for optimal expression and induction of the ADS by arginine. Mutation of two putative catabolite response elements (CREs) within the arc promoter region showed that both CREs contribute to catabolite repression. A thorough understanding of the regulation of the ADS in S. gordonii and related organisms is needed to develop ways to exploit arginine catabolism for the control of oral diseases. Identification of the ArcR and CcpA binding sites lays the foundation for a more complete understanding of the complex interactions of multiple regulatory proteins with elements in the arc promoter region.
Von der Wiedergeburt einer großen Bibliothek

In detektivischer Kleinarbeit wird die Bucher- und Handschriftensammlung des Augsburger Stadtschreibers Konrad Peutinger rekonstruiert. Der Zeitgenosse Luthers baute eine der bedeutendsten Humanistenbibliotheken seiner Zeit auf
Impacting cultural attitudes in African-American women to decrease breast cancer mortality

Abstract Background Over the past decade breast cancer mortality has decreased 1% or 2% per year in white women, but not in African-American women. The resulting “mortality gap” is a serious national problem, and it must be a high priority to understand the reasons for it and develop solutions. Methods The literature is reviewed to elucidate reasons for the mortality gap and the current status of possible solutions to the problem. In addition, new results of large population-based surveys in North Carolina are presented that may shed light on the problem. Results The most important reason for the mortality gap is that African-American women tend to be diagnosed with more advanced stage breast cancer than white women. This is due both to lower utilization of screening mammography and to delayed presentation for women with palpable lumps. This is related both to socioeconomic factors that influence access to medical care and to cultural factors that tend to discourage women from seeking care early for breast problems. Conclusions: Understanding the cultural beliefs that influence patient behavior will greatly aid physicians in caring for their African-American patients, and ultimately may help reduce the racial gap in breast cancer mortality.
UNDERSTANDING BATESON AND MATURANA: TOWARD A BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES*

The attempts to clarify (purify) the conceptual foundations of family therapy by means of “epistemology” have bred excitement, boredom, irritation and confusion. In the belief that at least the confusion can be alleviated, the present paper is offered as a study guide and something of a Rosetta Stone for translating the work of Gregory Bateson and Humberto R. Maturana. The paper demonstrates that Maturana's work is highly compatible with that of Bateson. In addition, several major points of contrast are argued: (1) Maturana's concept of structure determinism is an explicit ontological claim which directly implies an epistemology, whereas Bateson delineated an epistemology, but never clearly developed a corresponding ontology; (2) structure determinism is a more general concept than Bateson's concept of “mind” (i.e., cybernetic epistemology); (3) structure determinism deletes the remnants of objectivity from Bateson's theory (i.e., “the difference that makes a difference”); and (4) Maturana's concept of instructive interaction is a more general, nonsystemic version of what Bateson meant when he used the term “epistemological error.” Finally, it is claimed that the emphasis on epistemology has distracted proponents and detractors alike from the essential message of Bateson and Maturana: social systems and all human endeavor must be understood in light of our existence as biological entities that are coupled to a medium. The biological ontology implicit in Bateson's writings and explicitly delineated in Maturana's may (at long last) provide a sound foundation for the social and behavioral sciences.
Multimethod prediction of physical parent-child aggression risk in expectant mothers and fathers with Social Information Processing theory

The Social Information Processing (SIP) model postulates that parents undergo a series of stages in implementing physical discipline that can escalate into physical child abuse. The current study utilized a multimethod approach to investigate whether SIP factors can predict risk of parent-child aggression (PCA) in a diverse sample of expectant mothers and fathers. SIP factors of PCA attitudes, negative child attributions, reactivity, and empathy were considered as potential predictors of PCA risk; additionally, analyses considered whether personal history of PCA predicted participants' own PCA risk through its influence on their attitudes and attributions. Findings indicate that, for both mothers and fathers, history influenced attitudes but not attributions in predicting PCA risk, and attitudes and attributions predicted PCA risk; empathy and reactivity predicted negative child attributions for expectant mothers, but only reactivity significantly predicted attributions for expectant fathers. Path models for expectant mothers and fathers were remarkably similar. Overall, the findings provide support for major aspects of the SIP model. Continued work is needed in studying the progression of these factors across time for both mothers and fathers as well as the inclusion of other relevant ecological factors to the SIP model.
A Review of the Promotion of Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth

The relationship between physical fitness and health in adults is well established, yet until recently, empirical support for the impact of physical fitness levels on health markers in children has not been thoroughly documented. The aim of this review was to provide a summary of current literature that has examined the linkage between measures of health-related physical fitness (ie, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, flexibility, and body composition) and health markers in youth. Specifically, this review focused on the findings from the recent 2012 Institutes of Medicine report on Fitness Measures in Youth as well as other subsequent review articles related to the topic. In addition, recommendations for health-related fitness assessments in youth populations are presented.
A study of fuel and reactor design for platinum nanoparticle catalyzed microreactors

Typical microcombustion-based power devices entail the use of catalyst to sustain combustion in less than millimeter scale channels. This work explores the use of several other candidate fuels for ∼8 nm diameter Pt particle catalyzed combustion within 800 µm channel width cordierite substrates. The results demonstrate while commercial hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, propane, butane, and ethanol can be used to sustain catalytic combustion, room temperature ignition was only observed using methanolair mixtures. Fuels, other than methanol, required preheating at temperatures >200°C, yet repeated catalytic cycling similar to methanol-air mixtures was demonstrated. Subsequently, a new reactor design was investigated to couple with thermoelectric generators. The modified reactor design enabled ignition of methanol-air mixtures at room temperature with the ability to achieve repeat catalytic cycles. Preliminary performance studies achieved a maximum temperature difference ΔT of 55°C with a flow rate of 800 mL/min. While the temperature difference indicates a respectable potential for power generation, reduced exhaust temperature and improved thermal management could significantly enhance the eventual device performance.
Some Practical Statistical Notions for Production Function Studies

years generating numerous production functions for various purposes.' The following two problems have arisen when farm management extension specialists have attempted to utilize the results of this work: 1. Questions have been raised concerning the interpretation of the results of these production function studies for farm use, i.e., the applicability or usefulness of the data has been undetermined. 2. The statistical considerations for evaluating the effects of the various independent variables incorporated in the production function have certain weaknesses. This paper will be primarily concerned with the latter of the two problems.2 More specifically questions will be raised concerning the interpretation and meaning of regression coefficients when squared terms and cross products are contained in the basic model. In addition, the consequence of using treatment mean observations as compared to individual observations will be considered. Special reference is made to the cooperative research between agronomists and production economists. The implications, however, should be more general.
Communication Between Institutional Entities via Myth Processes What's the Story

How do individual, professional, and organizational level institutional entities author, read, and co-author one another over time? By using storytelling theory as an underpinning, we describe this...
Integração financeira e política monetária

O presente texto corresponde a uma aplicacao da hipotese de instabilidade financeira aos problemas colocados pela integracao financeira internacional para as politicas fiscal e monetaria. Alem de desenvolver uma abordagem por fluxos de fundos para o balanco de pagamentos e a determinacao da taxa de câmbio, o autor trata alguns aspectos do corrente cenario de integracao financeira internacional.
(En)gendering Racial Disparities in Health Trajectories: A Life Course and Intersectional Analysis.

Abstract Historically, intersectionality has been an underutilized framework in sociological research on racial/ethnic and gender inequalities in health. To demonstrate its utility and importance, we conduct an intersectional analysis of the social stratification of health using the exemplar of hypertension—a health condition in which racial/ethnic and gender differences have been well-documented. Previous research has tended to examine these differences separately and ignore how the interaction of social status dimensions may influence health over time. Using seven waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study and multilevel logistic regression models, we found a multiplicative effect of race/ethnicity and gender on hypertension risk trajectories, consistent with both an intersectionality perspective and persistent inequality hypothesis. Group differences in past and contemporaneous socioeconomic and behavioral factors did not explain this effect.
Nutrition and exercise determinants of postexercise glycogen synthesis.

During the initial hours of recovery from prolonged exhaustive lower body exercise, muscle glycogen synthesis occurs at rates approximating 1-2 mmol.kg-1 wet wt.hr-1 if no carbohydrate is consumed. When carbohydrate is consumed during the recovery, the maximal rate of glycogen synthesis approximates 7-10 mmol.kg-1 wet wt.hr-1. The rate of post-exercise glycogen synthesis is lower if the magnitude of glycogen degradation is small, if less than 0.7 gm glucose.kg-1 body wt.hr-1 is ingested, when the recovery is active, and when the carbohydrate feeding is delayed. The rate of postexercise glycogen synthesis is not reduced during the initial hours (< 4) after eccentric exercise. For studies evaluating muscle glycogen synthesis in excess of 12 hours of recovery, average rates of glycogen synthesis are below 4 mmol.kg-1 wet wt.hr-1. Glycogen synthesis is known to be impaired for time periods in excess of 24 hours following exercise causing eccentric muscle damage. Following intense exercise resulting in high concentrations of muscle lactate, muscle glycogen synthesis occurs at between 15-25 mmol.kg-1 wet wt.hr-1. These synthesis rates occur without ingested carbohydrate during the recovery period and are maintained when a low intensity active recovery is performed.
Functional anatomy of the conduction system.

Spontaneous diastolic depolarization is apparently dependent on several pacemaker currents. At its basis is the slow decay in outward potassium conductance during diastole. As the resting membrane potential gradually rises, other ion channels are activated, and their participation further augments the rise in membrane potential to threshold.
The Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies

Ouverte a Nanjing en septembre 86, la bibliotheque du centre est au service de la cooperation universitaire sino-americaine. Elle comprend un fonds de 20000 volumes rediges pour 50% en langue chinoise, avec un accroissement important. Les politiques de conservation et de diffusion des documents du point de vue americain et chinois divergent et les compromis de gestion semblent difficiles a realiser
Risk of Guillain-Barre Syndrome and H1N1 Influenza Vaccination

Researchers at Laval University, Department of Pediatric Neurology (Dr Boucher), Quebec University Hospital and other centers in Montreal, Quebec, Canada assessed the risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) following the pandemic influenza vaccination campaign in 2009, mostly using an AS03 adjuvant vaccine.
Fair? I Don’t Care Examining the Moderating Effect of Workplace Cynicism on the Relationship Between Interactional Fairness and Perceptions of Organizational Support From a Social Exchange Perspective

This article examines how workplace cynicism moderates the relationship between interactional fairness and perceptions of organizational support (POS). Using a sample of full-time employees, I found a positive, direct effect between interactional fairness and POS. Furthermore, the moderating effect suggests the relation between interactional fairness and POS was stronger for less cynical employees. Incorporating a social exchange framework, this article discusses how the typically positive effect of interactional fairness is lost on cynical employees. This result was confirmed using a controlled scenario-based protocol, which replicated the results of the field study. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Steven W. Hook and John Spanier: American Foreign Policy since World War II

The book being reviewed here is the latest edition of what has been a standard text for college and university courses on American foreign policy for several decades. Steven W. Hook is professor of...
Biased THz emission from InGaAs nanowires fabricated using electron beam lithography

Semiconductor nanowires have been investigated intensively for their potential as efficient terahertz sources. Besides having perfect control on structural features such as vertical alignment and uniform distribution by fabricating the wires via e-beam lithography and etching process, we also investigated THz generation from these fabricated nanowires under bias field. To be able to apply a voltage bias, an interdigitated gold (Au) pattern was deposited over a titanium (Ti) adhesion layer on the InGaAs epilayer. Afterwards, perfect vertically aligned and uniformly distributed nanowires were fabricated in between the electrodes of this interdigitated pattern so that we could apply voltage bias to improve the THz emission. As a result, we achieved to enhance the emitted THz radiation by ∼3 times with a DC bias field.
The Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma Compared to Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract 5090 Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a widely variable incidence of thromboembolism (VTE) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, ranging from 3% to 60%. This is in part because many previous studies have considered NHL as a single disease entity, combining a heterogeneous group of histological subtypes, each with a potentially different thrombogenic potential. We sought to clarify differences in VTE incidence between the indolent and intermediate grade forms of NHL, by looking at follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. Furthermore, since chemotherapy is a major risk factor for VTE, we compared VTE incidence rate in the pre- and post-chemotherapy time periods. Patients/Methods: We assembled a retrospective cohort of the United States veterans diagnosed with DLBCL or FL between 1998 and 2009. VTE was identified by ICD-9 codes, while DLBCL or FL was identified by ICD-O3 codes in the Veterans Health Administration central cancer registry. Patients who did not receive any chemotherapy or had a history of VTE prior to the diagnosis of lymphoma were excluded. VTE rate was compared by Chi-square testing. Results: A total of 2094 DLBCL patients and 470 FL patients were included. In the period between lymphoma diagnosis and treatment initiation, VTE occurred at a rate of 18. 0 per 100 person-years in DLBCL and 2. 3 per 100 person-years in FL (p Conclusions: DLBCL is more “thrombogenic” than FL both before and during treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct comparison of VTE event rates between different histological subtypes of NHL, knowledge of which could influence decisions related to thromboprophylaxis. There are limitations of ICD-9 codes which should be acknowledged, and further research will be required to identify the optimal method to identify patients with VTE. The lower incidence of VTE after treatment initiation in DLBCL patients suggests that the reduced disease burden associated with treatment may actually decrease the overall risk of VTE despite the increased risk associated with chemotherapy. Conversely, in FL the risk of VTE appears to be higher in association with treatment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Catalytic diastereo- and enantioselective additions of versatile allyl groups to N–H ketimines

There are many biologically active organic molecules that contain one or more nitrogen-containing moieties, and broadly applicable and efficient catalytic transformations that deliver them diastereoselectively and/or enantioselectively are much sought after. Various methods for enantioselective synthesis of α-secondary amines are available (for example, from additions to protected/activated aldimines), but those involving ketimines are much less common. There are no reported additions of carbon-based nucleophiles to unprotected/unactivated (or N-H) ketimines. Here, we report a catalytic, diastereo- and enantioselective three-component strategy for merging an N-H ketimine, a monosubstituted allene and B2(pin)2, affording products in up to 95% yield, >98% diastereoselectivity and >99:1 enantiomeric ratio. The utility of the approach is highlighted by synthesis of the tricyclic core of a class of compounds that have been shown to possess anti-Alzheimer activity. Stereochemical models developed with the aid of density functional theory calculations, which account for the observed trends and levels of enantioselectivity, are presented.
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures

Raman scattering is a powerful probe of local bonding, strain, temperature, and other properties of materials via their influence on vibrational modes or optical phonons. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), in which plasmonic modes are excited at the apex of a metal-coated scanning probe tip, enables Raman scattering signals to be detected from nanoscale volumes with precise positional control. We discuss the application of TERS to characterize a variety of semiconductor nanostructures. In studies of Ge-SiGe core-shell nanowires, we measure spatially resolved Raman spectra along the length of a tapered nanowire to demonstrate the ability to measure local strain distributions with nanoscale spatial resolution. In tip-induced resonant Raman spectroscopy of monolayer and bilayer MoS 2 , we observe large enhancements in Raman signal levels measured for MoS 2 associated with excitation of plasmonic gap modes between an Au-coated probe tip and Au substrate surface onto which MoS 2 has been transferred. Transitions in B exciton photoluminescence intensity between monolayer and bilayer regions of MoS 2 are observed and discussed. Significant differences in nanoscale Raman spectra between monolayer and bilayer MoS 2 are also observed. The origins of specific resonant Raman peaks, their dependence on Mo S 2 layer thickness, and spatial resolution associated with the transition in Raman spectra between monolayer and bilayer regions are described.
Evidence-Based Practices: Providing Guidance for Early Childhood Practitioners

ABSTRACTEarly childhood education represents a pivotal opportunity to improve the developmental trajectories of young children, and evidence-based practices (EBPs) are scientifically proven to impr...
Active Dependency Mapping: A Data-Driven Approach to Mapping Dependencies in Distributed Systems

We introduce Active Dependency Mapping (ADM), a method for establishing dependency relations among a set of interdependent services. The approach is to artificially degrade network performance to infer which assets on the network support a particular process. Artificial degradation of the network environment could be transparent to users; run continuously it could identify dependencies that are rare or occur only at certain timescales. A useful byproduct of this dependency analysis is a quantitative assessment of the resilience and robustness of the system. This technique is intriguing for hardening both enterprise networks and cyber physical systems. We present a proof-of-concept experiment executed on a real-world set of interrelated software services. We assess the efficacy of the approach, discuss current limitations, and suggest options for future development of ADM.
Translational opportunities for amyloid-targeting fluorophores

Advances in diagnostic medicine have led to an increased awareness and heightened concern for the high prevalence of amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the elderly. These diseases have characteristic late stage symptoms that often make it possible to distinguish one disorder from another, though methods to diagnose neurodegeneration pre-symptomatically remain a critical challenge. At the molecular level, misfolded protein aggregates known as amyloids are ubiquitously found in many neurodegenerative diseases, and have been suggested to appear before clinical symptoms manifest. Amyloids have, thus, become a valuable potential diagnostic target for chemists, and recent work by many groups have shown that they can be selectively targeted by small molecule fluorescent probes. Here, we summarize some of the exciting work currently under investigation in the area of fluorescence-based amyloid detection and highlight recent efforts to expand the utility of amyloid-targeting fluorophores as clinical tools for disease diagnostics.
Humans perform semi-supervised classification too

We explore the connections between machine learning and human learning in one form of semi-supervised classification. 22 human subjects completed a novel 2-class categorization task in which they were first taught to categorize a single labeled example from each category, and subsequently were asked to categorize, without feedback, a large set of additional items. Stimuli were visually complex and unrecognizable shapes. The unlabeled examples were sampled from a bimodal distribution with modes appearing either to the left (left-shift condition) or right (right-shift condition) of the two labeled examples. Results showed that, although initial decision boundaries were near the middle of the two labeled examples, after exposure to the unlabeled examples, they shifted in different directions in the two groups. In this respect, the human behavior conformed well to the predictions of a Gaussian mixture model for semi-supervised learning. The human behavior differed from model predictions in other interesting respects, suggesting some fruitful avenues for future inquiry.
Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ranks as a leading cause of death among the progressive neurodegenerative diseases. It is the most common form of dementia found in the elderly population and is characterized by deterioration in mental function and abnormal behavior including wandering, irritability, and aggression. The anatomical features of AD are brain shrinkage caused by massive neuronal loss and dilatation of lateral ventricles. The neuropathological hallmarks include senile plaques containing deposits of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Both Aβ and tau can be misfolded to generate their toxic forms resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Normally Aβ is a soluble peptide but can be misfolded to form toxic oligomeric Aβ and fibrillar Aβ, causing amyloid deposits and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Abnormally phosphorylated tau also forms soluble toxic oligomers and insoluble NFTs intraneuronally. Since the first murine model of AD was reported one and a half decades ago, many other models have been generated by modification of transgenes that cause familial AD. These models have contributed to significant basic research and numerous therapeutic innovations to treat AD and halt disease progression. Although most of the models mirror featured aspects of AD pathogenesis such as β-amyloidosis, NFT formation, cognitive dysfunction, and/or synaptic loss, no perfect model matching human AD is currently available. In this chapter, representative animal models for AD research and their pathological and behavioral features are described.