cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser-Controlled Dissociation of C2H22+: Ehrenfest Dynamics Using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory

Intense laser field dissociations of the acetylene dication C(2)H(2)(2+) are studied by an ab initio Ehrenfest dynamics method with time-dependent density functional theory. Various field frequencies (9.5 to approximately 13.6 eV) and field directions are applied to a Boltzmann ensemble of C(2)H(2)(2+) molecules. With the laser field perpendicular to the molecular axis, four fragmentation channels are observed at high frequency with no dominant pathway. With the field parallel to the molecular axis, fragmentations occur at all frequencies and the amount of C-H bond breakage increases with laser frequency. Selective dissociation patterns are observed with low-frequency fields parallel to the molecular axis. A systematic analysis of excited-state potential energy surfaces is used to rationalize the simulation results.
Lights! Camera! Action! Producing Library Instruction Video Tutorials Using Camtasia Studio

From Web guides to online tutorials, academic librarians are increasingly experimenting with many different technologies in order to meet the needs of today's growing distance education populations. In this article, the author discusses one librarian's experience using Camtasia Studio to create subject specific video tutorials. Benefits, as well as suggestions for avoiding some of the pitfalls the author encountered when using this software to create library instruction tutorials are examined.
Intrinsic kinetics for rapid decomposition of methane in an aerosol flow reactor

Abstract A one-dimensional nonisothermal model is developed for the high-temperature rapid dissociation of methane in a fluid-wall graphite aerosol flow reactor. Intrinsic reaction kinetics are identified through simulation of the model and comparison to experimental results. The dissociation rate can be described by d X d t =6×10 11 exp −25000 T (1−X) 4.4 s −1 over the temperature range 1533 K and residence time range 0.9 s . This rate expression is useful for describing high-temperature short residence time processes for producing hydrogen and carbon black by methane decomposition (CH4→C+2H2).
Velocity correlation apparatus for disc record player

A velocity correction apparatus for a disc record player includes a permanent magnet attached to a cartridge mounted pickup arm and an electromagnetic coil secured in a cartridge supporting carriage. The coil is fixed to a supporting member which conformally engages structural features of the cartridge to guarantee proper alignment of coil and magnet. The coil support is mounted to permit limited rotation thereof to facilitate installation of the cartridge in the carriage and is mechanically biased to maintain coil-cartridge engagement and to maintain the cartridge in its normally operative position in the carriage.
Modeling the effect of sodium chloride on the acetaldehyde-ethanol production rate hysteresis curve describing a batch fermentation process

Abstract Sodium chloride has an effect on the area of the region, enclosed by a hysteresis curve, generated by plotting the acetaldehyde concentration versus the ethanol production rate in a semisolid fermentation culture. Mathematical models for this phenomenon have been studied. An upper bound for the area as a function of the NaCl concentration has been developed. The proposed models may offer insight and possible improvement in solid fermentation processes which are mediated by high salt environments.
The role of cis-regulatory elements in the design of gene therapy vectors for inherited blindness

Background: Hereditary retinal disease is currently known to involve nearly 200 different genetic loci. There has been remarkable recent progress in the treatment of retinal disease via gene therapy in animal models using virus-based vectors. The majority of retinal diseases affect one of several cell types. In order to target expression of a rescue transgene specifically to the cells in need of therapy, it is necessary to employ a cis-regulatory element (CRE) to drive expression of the transgene specifically in those cells. Objective/methods: This review discusses the repertoire of CREs currently available for use in gene therapy vectors for treatment of retinal disease and outlines the issues that must be taken into consideration in the development of novel CREs for the purpose of gene therapy in the retina. Conclusion: There have been a number of important recent advances in the identification and characterization of retinal CREs and their utilization in gene therapy vectors. Nevertheless, future effor...
30-year trends in serum lipids among United States adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys II, III, and 1999-2006

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II (1976 to 1980), NHANES III (1988 to 1994), and NHANES 1999 to 2006 were examined to assess trends in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), lipid-lowering medication use, and obesity. Age-adjusted decreases in TC (210 to 200 mg/dl) and LDL cholesterol (134 to 119 mg/dl) were observed. Those with high TC showed a decrease of 9% from NHANES II to NHANES 1999 to 2006, whereas those with LDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dl showed a decrease of 8%. A significant increase in mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed (50 to 53 mg/dl, p 2 , and prevalence of obesity doubled and was significantly associated with increased TG. In conclusion, recent favorable trends in TC and LDL cholesterol are likely due to increased awareness of high cholesterol and the greater use of lipid-lowering drugs. However, countertrends in obesity and TG levels, if continued, will likely have a negative impact on cardiovascular disease in the future.
Primer selection methods for detection of genomic inversions and deletions via PAMP

Primer Approximation Multiplex PCR (PAMP) is a recently introduced experimental technique for detecting large-scale cancer genome lesions such as inversions and deletions from heterogeneous samples containing a mixture of cancer and normal cells. In this paper we give integer linear programming formulations for the problem of selecting sets of PAMP primers that minimize detection failure probability. We also show that PAMP primer selection for detection of anchored deletions cannot be approximated within a factor of 2 ", and give a 2-approximation algorithm for a special case of the problem. Experimental results show that our ILP formulations can be used to optimally solve medium size instances of the inversion detection problem, and that heuristics based on iteratively solving ILP formulations for a one-sided version of the problem give near-optimal solutions for anchored deletion detection with highly scalable runtime.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Injection Drug Users in the United States, 1994–2004

Objective To examine hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence among injection drug users in 4 US cities from 1994 through 2004. Methods Demographic characteristics, behaviors, and prevalence of HCV antibody among 5088 injection drug users aged 18-40 years from Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; and New York, New York, enrolled in 3 related studies--Collaborative Injection Drug User Study (CIDUS) I (1994-1996), CIDUS II (1997-1999), and CIDUS III/Drug User Intervention Trial (2002-2004)--were compared using the chi(2) and Mantel-Haenszel tests of significance. Trends over time were assessed by logistic regression. Results Prevalence of HCV infection was 65%, 35%, and 35% in CIDUS I, CIDUS II, and CIDUS III, respectively. The adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) of being HCV antibody positive increased with the number of years of injection drug use (OR, 1.93 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.68-2.21] for each year of injecting within the first 2 years; OR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.07-1.11] for each year of injecting beyond the first 2 years). Significant decreases were observed in the prevalence of HCV antibody between CIDUS I and CIDUS III in Baltimore (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.20-0.43) and Los Angeles (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-0.31) and among people of races other than black in Chicago (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.08-0.17). No decrease in prevalence was seen in New York (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.69-1.58) or among blacks in Chicago (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.16-1.90). Conclusion Although regional differences exist, our data suggest that the incidence of HCV infection among injection drug users in the United States decreased from 1994 through 2004.
Juvenile justice system outcomes among foreign-born and native-born Latinos in the United States: an exploratory study

A growing body of research has identified a negative relationship between generational status and criminological outcomes such that foreign-born Latinos are significantly less likely to report offending, victimization, and drug use compared to their native-born counterparts. What has been explored to a lesser degree is the extent to which generational status impacts the experiences of Latino youth within the juvenile justice system. Using the Add Health data set, this article explores the prevalence of juvenile court involvement among foreign (i.e., first generation) and native-born (i.e., second generation or higher) Latino youth as well as the types of offenses for which they were adjudicated delinquent. RESULTS suggest that significant differences exist between the foreign and native-born both in terms of juvenile court involvement and offense types. These findings are discussed relative to the extant literature and juvenile justice policy and practice. Language: en
The expanding role of paper in point-of-care diagnostics

This editorial discusses the expanding role of paper as a platform on which to build new point-of-care assays, particularly those intended for use in resource-limited settings. Successful diagnostics for use in these environments require a low-cost platform (possibly paper) as well as new assay strategies, reagents and materials for achieving selectivity and sensitivity. Paper provides a common platform for bringing these components together and serves as a low-cost medium for prototyping new point-of-care assays.
Configuration control of redundant manipulators: theory and implementation

A simple approach for controlling the manipulator configuration over the entire motion, which is based on augmentation of the manipulator forward kinematics, is presented. A set of kinematic functions is defined in Cartesian or joint space to reflect the desirable configuration. The user-defined kinematic functions and the end-effector Cartesian coordinates are combined to form a set of task-related configuration variables as generalized coordinates for the manipulator. A task-based adaptive scheme is then utilized to control directly the configuration variables so as to achieve tracking of some desired reference trajectories throughout the robot motion. This accomplishes the basic task of desired end-effector motion, while utilizing the redundancy to achieve any additional task through the desired time variation of the kinematic functions. Simulation results for a direct-drive two-link arm are given to illustrate the proposed control scheme. The scheme has also been implemented for real-time control of three links of a PUMA 560 industrial robot, and experimental results are presented and discussed. The simulation and experimental results validate the configuration control scheme, and demonstrate its capabilities for performing various realistic tasks. >
Optimal Experimental Measurements of Anisotropic Failure Tensors

The resolution of the components of strength tensors derived from experimental data is discussed. It is shown that the variations in the non- interaction components are independent of the tension-c...
A pyridyl-functionalized cavitand: Starting point for hydrogen-bond driven assembly of heterodimeric capsules

The directed assembly of derivatized cavitands into nano-sized supramolecular hosts is of considerable interest. This manuscript describes the synthesis and structural characterization of a pyridyl-functionalized cavitand that, in principle, can act as one half of a large number of hydrogen-bonded heterodimeric capsules when matched with a variety of suitably functionalized cavitands.
The Archival Turn in Feminism: Outrage in Order Kate Eichhorn. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2013.

The Archival Turn in Feminism: Outrage in Order Kate Eichhorn. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2013.The specific focus of Eichhorn's volume is "the centrality of the archive and practices of archiving in the activism, cultural production, and scholarship of feminists born during and after the rise of the second wave feminist movement" with an emphasis on "not only affect but also order"(3). It is the ordering process that enables access not just to the documents, but also, for Eichhorn, the potential for agency in the constraining social context shaped by neo-liberalism (7). In effect, the archive can be used to re-inform the present by de-centering the normative understanding of the past and allowing other interpretations of evidence to develop and emerge, by essentially queering the questions addressed to the archive.The book is comprised of six sections: the introduction, four separate chapters, and the conclusion. While her work incorporates such anticipated theorists as Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Pierre Bourdieu, she also draws on the work of Ann Cvetkovich, Judith Halberstarn, and the scholar/practitioner Jenna Freedman, whom she discusses in depth. The concept of an "archival turn" is adopted from Ann Laura Stoler's work Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense (2009). In Chapter One, "The 'Scrap Heap' Reconsidered: Selected Archives of Feminist Archiving," the author presents a partial history of feminist archiving, beginning with what she identifies as the decline of the first wave of feminist activism. From her perspective, this context of decline allows the collectors to orient their practice in defiance of the idealization of political progress for feminists. It also pulls the archivist into consideration of the collection as it matters in the present, which then exceeds a merely preservationist objective in maintaining the resources (31). It enables the possibility of the emergence of archivist as activist.In the next three chapters, Eichhorn presents three case studies of "feminist documents and self-published materials" as special collections in university libraries across North America (15). Chapter Two, "Archival Regeneration: The Zine Collections at the Sallie Bingham Center" of Duke University, explores the transformation of the audience in the donation by Sarah Dyer of 2050 self-produced zines to a formal academic institution. Her description of the inter-generational "proximities" which become possible in a feminist archive support her contention that "collection" itself may advance storytelling that in itself can lead to a reframing of women's history.Chapter Three, "Redefining a Movement: The Riot Grrrl Collection at Fales Library and Special Collection" of New York University continues the exploration of the relationship between the collector, the archive, and the shaping of story. …
Systematic review: effects of resident work hours on patient safety.

Studies of interventions to decrease housestaff work hours, fatigue, and sleep deprivation are few; taken together, they make a relatively weak body of evidence. As educators struggle to improve wo...
Complete topographical distribution of both the in vivo and in vitro phosphorylation sites of bone sialoprotein and their biological implications.

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a multifunctional, highly phosphorylated, and glycosylated protein with key roles in biomineralization and tissue remodeling. This work identifies the complete topographical distribution and precise location of both the in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation sites of bovine BSP by a combination of state-of-the-art techniques and approaches. In vitro phosphorylation of native and deglycosylated BSPs by casein kinase II identified seven phosphorylation sites by solid-phase N-terminal peptide sequencing that were within peptides 12–22 (LEDS(P)EENGVFK), 42–62 (FAVQSSSDSS(P)EENGNGDS(P)S(P)EE), 80–91 (EDS(P)DENEDEES(P)E), and 135–145 (EDES(P)DEEEEEE). The in vivo phosphorylation regions and sites were identified by use of a novel thiol reagent, 1-S-mono[14C]carboxymethyldithiothreitol. This approach identified all of the phosphopeptides defined by in vitro phosphorylation, but two additional phosphopeptides were defined at residues, 250–264 (DNGYEIYES(P)ENGDPR), and 282–289 (GYDS(P)YDGQ). Furthermore, use of native BSP and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified several of the above peptides, including an additional phosphopeptide at residues 125–130 (AGAT(P)GK) that was not defined in either of the in vitro and in vivo studies described above. Overall, 7 in vitro and 11 in vivo phosphorylation sites were identified unequivocally, with natural variation in the quantitative extent of phosphorylation at each in vivo phosphorylation site.
Water content and other aspects of brittle versus normal fingernails.

Background Previous authors have claimed that dehydration of the nail plate causes brittle nails. Some experts claim that normal nails contain 18% water, and brittle nails contain less than 16%. Objective We sought to test the hypothesis that brittle nails contain 2% less water than normal nails. We also examined the relationship between a number of health and behavioral variables and brittle nails. Methods In all, 102 participants with either brittle or normal nails had two nails clipped and then analyzed for water content by a blinded investigator in the laboratory. Participants filled out a detailed questionnaire designed to reveal information about health and behavior. Results The mean water content for normal nails was 11.90% and for brittle nails was 12.48%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The odds of having brittle nails was 3.23 times greater among participants who received a professional manicure (95% confidence interval 1.21, 8.59). The frequency of professional manicures was associated with the likelihood of having brittle nails. Frequency of hand moisturizer use was significantly associated with nail brittleness (95% confidence interval 1.35, 32.10). Family history was significantly associated with the likelihood of having brittle nails (95% confidence interval 1.65, 21.11). Limitations Analyzing nails from living participants is limiting because samples can only be collected from the distal unattached nail plate. A small subanalysis was performed and showed that the nails were losing water between the time of clipping and laboratory analysis. Therefore, our water percentage results may not be representative of in vivo nail plate water contents. Conclusions There was no significant difference in water content of brittle compared with normal nails.
Development of a Relational Database to Capture and Merge Clinical History with the Quantitative Results of Radionuclide Renography

Our objective was to design and implement a clinical history database capable of linking to our database of quantitative results from 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renal scans and export a data summary for physicians or our software decision support system. Methods: For database development, we used a commercial program. Additional software was developed in Interactive Data Language. MAG3 studies were processed using an in-house enhancement of a commercial program. The relational database has 3 parts: a list of all renal scans (the RENAL database), a set of patients with quantitative processing results (the Q2 database), and a subset of patients from Q2 containing clinical data manually transcribed from the hospital information system (the CLINICAL database). To test interobserver variability, a second physician transcriber reviewed 50 randomly selected patients in the hospital information system and tabulated 2 clinical data items: hydronephrosis and presence of a current stent. The CLINICAL database was developed in stages and contains 342 fields comprising demographic information, clinical history, and findings from up to 11 radiologic procedures. A scripted algorithm is used to reliably match records present in both Q2 and CLINICAL. An Interactive Data Language program then combines data from the 2 databases into an XML (extensible markup language) file for use by the decision support system. A text file is constructed and saved for review by physicians. Results: RENAL contains 2,222 records, Q2 contains 456 records, and CLINICAL contains 152 records. The interobserver variability testing found a 95% match between the 2 observers for presence or absence of ureteral stent (κ = 0.52), a 75% match for hydronephrosis based on narrative summaries of hospitalizations and clinical visits (κ = 0.41), and a 92% match for hydronephrosis based on the imaging report (κ = 0.84). Conclusion: We have developed a relational database system to integrate the quantitative results of MAG3 image processing with clinical records obtained from the hospital information system. We also have developed a methodology for formatting clinical history for review by physicians and export to a decision support system. We identified several pitfalls, including the fact that important textual information extracted from the hospital information system by knowledgeable transcribers can show substantial interobserver variation, particularly when record retrieval is based on the narrative clinical records.
Primary structure of a high potential iron-sulfur protein from the photosynthetic bacterium Thiocapsa pfennigii.

Abstract The primary structure of the high potential iron-sulfur protein of the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium, Thiocapsa pfennigii, has been determined, providing the second example of a complete amino acid sequence in this group of proteins. A degree of homology is apparent in comparison with the amino acid sequence of the prototype protein of the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium, Chromatium vinosum, although the percentage of identical residues is only about 38%. A postulated 4-residue deletion in the T. pfennigii protein which occurs near the 4-iron 4-sulfur chromophore could be readily accommodated in the three-dimensional structure by minor adjustments in the peptide backbone.
Quantification of Three-Dimensional Cell-Mediated Collagen Remodeling Using Graph Theory

Background: Cell cooperation is a critical event during tissue development. We present the first precise metrics to quantify the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extra cellular matrix (ECM). In particular, we describe cooperative collagen alignment process with respect to the spatio-temporal organization and function of mesenchymal stem cells in three dimensions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We defined two precise metrics: Collagen Alignment Index and Cell Dissatisfaction Level, for quantitatively tracking type I collagen and fibrillogenesis remodeling by mesenchymal stem cells over time. Computation of these metrics was based on graph theory and vector calculus. The cells and their three dimensional type I collagen microenvironment were modeled by three dimensional cell-graphs and collagen fiber organization was calculated from gradient vectors. With the enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, acceleration through different phases was quantitatively demonstrated. The phases were clustered in a statistically significant manner based on collagen organization, with late phases of remodeling by untreated cells clustering strongly with early phases of remodeling by differentiating cells. The experiments were repeated three times to conclude that the metrics could successfully identify critical phases of collagen remodeling that were dependent upon cooperativity within the cell population. Conclusions/Significance: Definition of early metrics that are able to predict long-term functionality by linking engineered tissue structure to function is an important step toward optimizing biomaterials for the purposes of regenerative medicine.
Synthesizing a parallel-projection image from pinhole data

To produce a parallel-projection image on a planar array of gamma-ray detectors, the standard procedure is to use a parallel-hole collimator. An alternative presented here to place a pinhole array in front of the detector and to synthesize parallel projections from the pinhole data. This eliminates the physical blurring and distance-dependent resolution effects of collimators, and replaces them with the mathematical problem of estimating projection integrals. We provide conditions under which this can reasonably be done and show some examples.
New Developments with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: E. faecium—Friend or Foe?

The occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) continues to be an escalating problem throughout the world [ 1, 2]. The risk of VRE infection is greatest for elderly persons and severely ill patients who have been treated with extensive courses of antibiotics [2] and who are maintained in facilities (intensive care units [ICU] or transplant wards) where the incidence of VRE is high. In this regard, a recent study by Streit et al [1] determined that ~28°/o of all enterococci isolated from ICU patients in Canada and the United States were vancomycin resistant. The first reports of VRE appeared in the mid-1980s and included patients from both Europe and the United States [3]. More recent analyses of the specific enterococci involved in this resistance reveal that the predominant form of VRE identified in ICUs was R faecium (almost 70%), whereas R faecaliswas less common (~10°/o) [4], Furthermore, it appears that the incidence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is on the rise [5]. As the percentage of positive isolates of vancomycinresistant E. faecium becomes more prevalent, it is clear that, although our overall understanding of the pathogenesis of £. faecium is very limited [6], knowledge on this topic is becoming a high priority. The spread of E. faecium occurs primarily though hospital nosocomial infections. R faecium is commonly associated with ICU patients who are receiving antibiotic treatment [7], and most strains are resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics [8]. In addition, as the incidence of VRE increases, so does the rate of coinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [9, 10]. This coinfection profile appears to have led to the transfer of vancomycin resistance to MRSA. Although the occurrence is relatively small, several multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains have been isolated [11-13]. Recently, patients with heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) infection were evaluated and compared with MRSA-infected patients [13], and it was found that the hVISA-infected patients exhibited an extended duration of bacteremia with higher rates of complications [ 14] . Although few of the patients diagnosed with hVISA infection survived after receiving various treatments, most of these patients had additional health issues that likely contributed to their deaths. In this issue of the Journal Leenderste et al [15] describe provocative data suggesting that a concurrent E. faecium VRE load arising from the intestine can confine polymicrobial peritonitis and attenuate the inflammatory response in a murine model system. The authors evaluated the effect of this clinically relevant organism associated with nosocomial infections by using a hospital isolate that belongs to a genetic subpopulation that is widely found in hospitals namely, VRE strain E155. Although the mice used in the present study experienced VRE colonization from gastric inoculation, the mice presented with no infections at other sites until cecal
The Place of Archives in the Universe of Architectural Documentation

Architectural drawings are not synonymous with architectural archives, but they do constitute a significant part of architectural documentation. With many of the earliest architectural collections containing only books, the interpretation of the importance of architectural drawings has changed over the years. It has been shown, however, that the primary users of architectural archives are not architects looking for design ideas, but those conducting historical research. All forms of architectural records--books, journals, models, pictures, working drawings, and specifications, to name a few--provide different intellectual content to a researcher. Therefore, the elimination of working drawings from the archival architectural record would not eliminate duplication of content, but would substantially change the documentary record available.
A Review of Educational Values of the Modern Muslim Thinker: Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal (R.A)

Iqbal was a poet, a philosopher, a lawyer, a political leader and above all an educationist. He had a very strong knowledge of both the oriental as well as the western thoughts of education. He started his early education from a “Maktab” and had the precious opportunity to study in the Cambridge and Munich University. He had a very sound understanding about the various shades of the concepts of education. He contributed a lot as a teacher, as an educational thinker and reformer. He expressed his view about the educational philosophy on various occasions through his poetic work, articles and speeches. Moreover, he wrote certain letters to different people and discussed the educational phenomenon in detail. Iqbal’s philosophy of education carries the vital significance being the combination of both modern and ancient thoughts. Iqbal rendered his valuable thoughts and services as a poet, philosopher, educator and educational thinker/reformer. He even contributed toward educational reforms in Afghanistan on the special request of King Nadir Shah. He tends to favor the modern scientific education in order to keep pace with the modern world. He believes that we being vicegerent to Almighty Allah are bound to take part in the conquest of the universe.This paper explores his concept of reality, universe, man, and values in education.
Analysis of D-galactose's effects on mice hepatocytes by flow cytometry

Objective To explore the effects of D-galactose on reactive oxygen species(ROS) and apoptosis of hepatocytes in mice by Flow Cytometry.Methods 25～30 g SPF KunMing male mice were randomly grouped by weight(n=6).80,150,450 mg/kg of D-galactose dose groups were used in the dose-reaction relationship study,and 4,8,16 of 80 mg/kg D-galactose were used in the time-reaction relationship study.Hepatocytes' ROS and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry(FC).Results Hepatocytes' ROS level and apoptosis rate analysis of FC showed that the indice increased with the increase of D-galactose dose(P0.01),and the two indice also increased after being given 80 mg/kg D-galactose for 8 and 16 W(P0.01).Conclusion D-galactose can significantly increase ROS level and induce apoptosis in mice hepatocytes within certain concentration and time,and ROS level has the same change with apoptosis.
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine safety review and safety monitoring plans for nine-valent HPV vaccine in the United States

Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) vaccine was licensed for use in the United States in 2006 and through 2015 was the predominate HPV vaccine used. With the exception of syncope, a known preventable adverse event after any injected vaccination, both pre-licensure and post-licensure 4vHPV safety data have been reassuring with no confirmed safety signals identified. Nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) was licensed in 2014. This review includes post-licensure 4vHPV safety findings published to date that have informed the US vaccination program; these data will inform US safety monitoring and evaluation for 9vHPV.
Adaptive inverse dynamics control for a two-compartment respiratory system

Respiratory failure is a typical clinical issue which needs immediate help with mechanical ventilation while the hidden reason is recognized and treated. Mechanical ventilation can damage the lungs if not used properly. It is desirable to provide the desired blood levels of CO2 and oxygen with limited pressure to avoid causing the lung injury. This paper uses the adaptive inverse dynamics control technique to control a two-compartment modeled respiratory system. Based on the nonlinear respiratory model and desired respiratory pressures, the inverse dynamics control method was applied and computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the control method. Our preliminary results indicate that the tracking errors can be improved if the parameter values associated with the control scheme are properly used. More extensive computer simulations and performance robustness are currently under investigation.
Migra corridos and the pernicious benevolence of US government-sponsored sonic propaganda

Since 2005 the US Border Patrol has distributed musical propaganda mimicking the structure of traditional Mexican ballads (corridos) to dissuade undocumented migrants from crossing the US border. These songs, referred to as migra corridos, have been distributed through radio stations in Mexico and Central America and in US cities with large Spanish-speaking communities and played continuously for some detainees at Border Patrol field offices and headquarters in Arizona. Brutal tales of migrant pain and suffering, the migra corridos naturalize dangerous conditions along the US–Mexico border while eclipsing both the socioeconomic realities that impel migrants to attempt the perilous border crossing and the role US foreign policy and border escalation have played in creating dangerous conditions along the border. Ultimately, the migra corridos legitimize the Border Patrol’s self-representation as a humanitarian agency that, as the instrument of a benevolent nation-state, saves migrant lives.
CSIG-14DE-DIFFERENTIATION OF ASTROCYTES INTO GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS THROUGH CORE PATHWAY MUTATIONS.

BACKGROUND: Glioma stem cells isolated from human glioblastomas are resistant to radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy and may drive tumor recurrence. Treatment efficacy may depend on the presence of glioma stem cells, expression of DNA repair enzymes such as methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), or transcriptome subtype. METHODS: To model genetic alterations in the core signaling pathways of human glioblastoma, we induced conditional Rb knockout, Kras activation, and Pten deletion mutations in cortical murine astrocytes. Serial neurosphere culture, multi-lineage differentiation, and orthotopic transplantation into immuno-competent mice were used to assess whether these mutations induced their de-differentiation into glioma stem cells. Efficacy of radiation and temozolomide was examined in vitro and in an allograft model in vivo. The effects of radiation on transcriptome subtype was examined by expression profiling. RESULTS: Rb knockout astrocytes gained unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capacity, in both the presence and absence of Kras and/or Pten mutations. Only triple mutant astrocytes formed serially-transplantable glioblastoma allografts. Triple mutant astrocytes were sensitive to radiation, but expressed Mgmt and were resistant to temozolomide. In allografts, radiation therapy induced a transient inhibition of tumor growth and a significant increase in survival. Transcriptome analyses showed that allografts were enriched for human proneural GBM signatures and that radiation induces a mesenchymal shift in transcriptome phenotype, similar to its effects in human GBM. CONCLUSIONS: A defined set of core signaling pathway mutations induces de-differentiation of cortical murine astrocytes into glioma stem cells and confers in vivo tumorigenicity. This non-germline genetically engineered mouse model mimics human proneural glioblastoma on histopathological, molecular, and treatment response levels. Our model may be useful in dissecting the genetic and cellular mechanisms of treatment resistance and developing more effective therapies.
Preemptive Use of Eculizumab for Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation in a Child with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Eculizumab is an anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody that has recently been reported as an effective therapy for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. However, few data are available on the preemptive use of this medication in pediatric kidney transplantation. This report describes a successful preemptive use of eculizumab in combination with living unrelated kidney transplanta- tion in a 10-year-old child with end-stage renal disease secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome who has a complement factor H mutation that has not been previously reported. Further observations and clinical trials are required to address the challenges and areas of uncertainty related to preemptive eculizumab therapy for kidney transplantation in children and adults with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Suppression of Medulloblastoma Lesions by Forced Migration of Preneoplastic Precursor Cells with Intracerebellar Administration of the Chemokine Cxcl3

Medulloblastoma (MB), tumor of the cerebellum, remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in childhood. We previously showed, in a mouse model of spontaneous MB (Ptch1+/-/Tis21-/-), that a defect of the migration of cerebellar granule neuron precursor cells (GCPs) correlates with an increased frequency of MB. This occurs because GCPs, rather than migrating internally and differentiating, remain longer in the proliferative area at the cerebellar surface, becoming targets of transforming insults. Furthermore, we identified the chemokine Cxcl3 as responsible for the inward migration of GCPs. As it is known that preneoplastic GCPs (pGCPs) can still migrate and differentiate like normal GCPs, thus exiting the neoplastic program, in this study we tested the hypothesis that pGCPs within a MB lesion could be induced by Cxcl3 to migrate and differentiate. We observed that the administration of Cxcl3 for 28 days within the cerebellum of 1-month-old Ptch1+/-/Tis21-/- mice, i.e., when MB lesions are already formed, leads to complete disappearance of the lesions. However, a shorter treatment with Cxcl3 (2 weeks) was ineffective, suggesting that the suppression of MB lesions is dependent on the duration of Cxcl3 application. We verified that the treatment with Cxcl3 causes a massive migration of pGCPs from the lesion to the internal granular layer, where they differentiate. Thus, the induction of migration of pGCPs in MB lesions may open new ways to treat MB that exploit the plasticity of the pGCPs, forcing their differentiation. It remains to be tested whether this plasticity continues at advanced stages of MB. If so, these findings would set a potential use of the chemokine Cxcl3 as therapeutic agent against MB development in human preclinical studies.
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Dermatological Features

G.Y. Wu et al. (eds.), Atlas of Dermatological Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6191-3_24, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Clinical signs and features include [ 1 ] : Bluish venous hemangiomas (referred to as “vascular • nevi” of the skin) Visceral hemangiomas involving most commonly the • gastrointestinal (GI) tract GI hemorrhage • Cutaneous lesions are compressible venous heman• giomas or malformations often on the trunk or upper extremities Often present at birth or develop in early childhood • Three types of cutaneous lesions: Large dis fi guring lesions that can obstruct vital organs – Most commonly, crumpled blue rubber nipple-like – lesions covered with skin ( see Fig. 24.1 ) Irregular blue-black macules or papules that may – blanch with pressure Cutaneous lesions mostly asymptomatic • Can cause increased sweating over lesion due to eccrine • gland association with hemangiomas May be painful due to contraction of smooth muscle fi bers • within the vascular walls composing the hemangioma Large acral hemangiomas can cause angiomatous • giantism and deformity that has lead to amputation or can cause chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation [ 2 ] There appears to be correlation between number of • cutaneous hemangiomas and presence of visceral hemangiomas [ 3 ] Pathogenesis of this disease involves: Unclear; may be related to chromosome 9p mutation [ • 1 ] Appears to have autosomal dominant pattern of inheri• tance although there are sporadic cases Histopathological features include: Venous hemangioma composed of clusters of dilated • irregular capillary spaces lined by a thin layer of endothelial cells ( see Fig. 24.2 ). Smooth muscle may be seen within some of the vascular walls. A varied amount of fi brous tissue will surround the vessel • walls Eccrine sweat glands are frequently seen intimately • related to vascular structures The diagnosis is made using a combination of: Complete blood count/iron studies to check for anemia • GI workup for occult bleeding • The differential diagnosis should include: Sturge-Weber syndrome • von Hippel-Lindau syndrome • Cobb’s syndrome • Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome • Parkes-Weber disease • Maffucci’s syndrome • Treatment options include: Cutaneous lesions mostly treated for cosmetic effect • Sclerosis with alcohol [ • 1 ] Laser ablation with carbon dioxide laser irradiation • Excision of dis fi guring/functionally disabling lesions • Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Dermatological Features
Identification of Candidate Functional Elements in the Genome from ChIP-seq Data

ChIP-seq datasets provide a wealth of information for the identification of candidate regulatory elements in the genome. For this potential to be fully realized, methods for evaluating data quality and for distinguishing reproducible signal from technical and biological noise are necessary. Here, the computational methods for addressing these challenges developed by the ENCODE Consortium are described and the key considerations for analyzing and interpreting ChIP-seq data are discussed.
Apparent diffusion coefficients of the five major metabolites measured in the human brain in vivo at 3T

PURPOSE To measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of five main metabolites in the human brain at 3T with PRESS and STEAM, avoiding measurement biases because of cross-terms. Cross-terms arise from interactions between slice-selection and spoiler gradients in the localized spectroscopy sequence and the diffusion gradients. METHODS Diffusion-weighted spectra were acquired from the prefrontal cortex in five healthy subjects using STEAM (echo time [TE]/mixing time [TM]/pulse repetition time [TR] = 21.22/105/3000 ms, b-values = 0 and 3172 s/mm2 ) and PRESS (TE/TR = 54.2/3000 ms, b-values = 0 and 2204 s/mm2 ). Diffusion weighting was applied using bipolar gradients in three orthogonal directions. Post-processed spectra were analyzed with LCModel, and the trace/3 ADC values were calculated. RESULTS Comparable trace/3 ADC values (0.14-0.18 µm2 /ms) were obtained for five main metabolites with both methods. These metabolites were quantified with Cramer-Rao lower bounds below 15%. CONCLUSION The ADC values of the five main metabolites were successfully measured in the human brain at 3T with eliminated directional dependence. Both STEAM and PRESS can be used to probe the diffusivity of metabolites in normal brain and various pathologies on the clinical scanner with slightly higher precision achieved with STEAM for glutamate and myo-inositol. Magn Reson Med 79:2896-2901, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
GenApp: Extensible tool for rapid generation of web and native GUI applications

Abstract GenApp is a general tool for rapid deployment of applications in an extensible set of target languages. GenApp builds fully functioning science gateways and standalone GUI applications from collections of definition files and libraries of code fragments. Existing and new GenApp capabilities can be modified and implemented by using special defined GenApp macros. We demonstrate how this strategy works by integration of the OAuth2 user credential management into GenApp framework. Among the main GenApp features are the minimal technical expertise requirement for the end user and an open-end design ensuring sustainability of generated applications. Because of the conceptual simplicity of use, GenApp is ideally suited to scientists who are not professional developers, to disseminate their theoretical and experimental expertise as embodied in their code to their communities by rapidly deploying advanced applications.
UPPER BOUNDS ON THE COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS

With few exceptions, past work in analytic complexity theory has centered on the problem of finding the zero of a nonlinear scalar function or operator. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding upper bounds on the number of function evaluations sufficient to solve a system of ordinary differential equations to within a given error criterion, 6, with one-step and multistep methods. Our main results are as follows: (1) For any 6 there is a unique choice of order and step size which minimizes the number of function evaluations. (2) As 6 decreases, this “optimal order” and the number of function evaluations both increase. As 6 →0, both the optimal order and the number of function evaluations tend to infinity, but very slowly. (3) As 6 → 0, the optimal order for multistep methods is lees than the optimal order for one-step methods; moreover, numerical results indicate that the optimal multistep order becomes less than the optimal multistep order within a practical range of interest. (4) As 6 → 0, the cost of the optimal multistep method is greater than the cost of the optimal one-step method; however, numerical results indicate that the optimal multistep method is cheaper for all 6 within a practical range of interest.
Sociological Argument Applied to a Historical Example of Deviance: A Response to Professor Victor:

Jenkins’ response focuses on an analysis and critique of Victor's application of a sociological argument to the 1988 satanic abuse scare in Rochdale, England. Important questions relate to why the ...
Transnational social work and social welfare: challenges for the social work profession

Since its early beginnings in a handful of Western countries in the late nineteenth century, social work has become an internationally recognized profession. Although it does not have the status ac...
An adaptive model with joint chance constraints for a hybrid wind-conventional generator system

We analyze scheduling a hybrid wind-conventional generator system to make it dispatchable, with the aim of profit maximization. Our models ensure that with high probability we satisfy the day-ahead power promised by the model, using combined output of the conventional and wind generators. We consider two scenarios, which differ in whether the conventional generator must commit to its schedule prior to observing the wind-power realizations or has the flexibility to adapt in near real-time to these realizations. We investigate the synergy between the conventional generator and wind farm in these two scenarios. Computationally, the non-adaptive model is relatively tractable, benefiting from a strong extended-variable formulation as an integer program. The adaptive model is a two-stage stochastic integer program with joint chance constraints. Such models have seen limited attention in the literature because of the computational challenges they pose. However, we develop an iterative regularization scheme in which we solve a sequence of sample average approximations under a growing sample size. This reduces computational effort dramatically, and our empirical results suggest that it heuristically achieves high-quality solutions. Using data from a wind farm in Texas, we demonstrate that the adaptive model significantly outperforms the non-adaptive model in terms of synergy between the conventional generator and the wind farm, with expected profit more than doubled.