cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delays in the detection of hypoxemia due to site of pulse oximetry probe placement

Abstract Study Objectives: To determine if there were any differences in the time to detect hypoxemia related to the site of peripheral pulse oximetry (ear, hand, and foot) during the rapid induction of hypoxemia in healthy volunteers. Design: Repeated-measures, longitudinal, observational study. Setting: Anesthesia clinical research area of the Department of Anesthesiology. Patients: 13 healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 44 years. Interventions: Nellcor N-200 (Nellcor, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) oximeter probes were placed at the ear, hand, and foot. All units were turned on simultaneously with averaging times set for 5 seconds and signals sampled at 2 Hz. A computer-controlled anesthesia circuit was employed to induce mild hypercapnia and hyperoxia (end-tidal gas partial pressures: P ET CO 2 = 42 ± 2 mmHg and PETO 2 = 130 mmHg) for 5 minutes. P ET O 2 was then decreased to 45 ± 2 mmHg over 60 seconds and held at that value for 5 minutes. Measurements and Main Results: The mean differences in time (sec) for pulse oximeters to detect hypoxemia (read less than 90%) between probe sites were determined and compared. The following mean differences in time (sec) for pulse oximeters to detect hypoxemia (read less than 90%) between probe sites were found: ear–hand = 6; hand–foot = 57; ear–foot = 63. Paired t -tests revealed statistically significant mean time delay differences of 51 seconds ( p p versus hand–foot and for ear–hand versus ear–foot, respectively. Conclusions: In healthy volunteers, significant delays in the detection of acute hypoxemia by pulse oximetry occur when pulse oximeters are placed at the toe as compared with probes at either the ear or hand.
Cdc42 and PI(4,5)P2-induced actin assembly in Xenopus egg extracts.

Xenopus egg cytoplasmic extracts have been used to study a variety of complex cellular processes. Given their amenability to biochemical manipulation and physiological balance of regulatory proteins, these extracts are an ideal system to dissect signal transduction pathways leading to actin assembly. We have developed methods to study Cdc42 and PI(4,5)P2‐induced actin assembly in Xenopus egg extracts. In this chapter, we describe detailed procedures to prepare Xenopus egg extracts, Cdc42, and PI(4,5)P2 for use in actin assembly experiments. We also describe a fluorometric pyrene actin assay for quantitative kinetic analysis of actin polymerization and a microscopic rhodamine actin assay for quick measurement of actin rearrangements in extracts. Finally we provide a protocol for immunodepletion of proteins and discuss the use of immunodepletion and rescue experiments for functional analysis of components in the extracts.
Building Connections among Loosely Coupled Groups: Hebb's Rule at Work

Awareness of others' interests can lead to fruitful collaborations, friendships and positive social change. Interviews of groups involved in both research and corporate work revealed a lack of awareness of shared interests among workers sharing an organizational affiliation and collocated in the same building or complex but still physically separated (e.g., by walls or floors). Our study showed that loosely coupled groups were less likely to discover shared interests in the way that many tightly collocated groups do, such as by overhearing conversations or noticing paraphernalia. Based on these findings we iteratively developed a system to capture and display shared interests. Our platform includes an e-mail sensor to discover personal interests, a search algorithm to determine shared interests, a public peripheral display and lightweight location-tracking system to convey those interests. We deployed the system to two groups for two months and found that the system did lead to increased awareness of shared interests.
A stress index model for balloon design

A NASA stress index model, SINDEX, is discussed which establishes the relative stress magnitudes along a balloon gore as a function of altitude. Application of the model to a data base of over 550 ballon flights demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. The results show a strong correlation between stress levels, failure rates, and the point of maximum stress coinciding with the observed failure locations. It is suggested that the model may be used during the balloon design process to lower the levels of stress in the balloon.
Digestion of Cell Wall Components by Dairy Heifers Fed Diets Based on Alfalfa and Chemically Treated Oat Hulls

Abstract Four Holstein heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to measure total tract digestion of cell wall components from diets based on alfalfa haylage and alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated oat hulls. Diets contained 90% forage and 10% concentrate. Treatments were diets containing 90, 70, 50, or 30% alfalfa haylage with treated oat hulls supplying the remainder of the forage portion. Total tract digestion of cell wall-associated uronic acids, arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and lignin were not affected by forage source. Digestibilities of cell wall glucose and xylose increased with increasing level of dietary treated oat hulls, reflecting the positive effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment on cell wall digestion. Cellulose (ADF minus acid detergent lignin) digestibilities were similar to those for cell wall glucose, whereas hemicellulose (NDF minus ADF) digestibilities were similar to those for cell wall arabinose plus xylose. Low digestibilities of alfalfa cell wall xylose indicate that some cell wall structure inhibits the degradation of alfalfa xylans. Low degradabilities of core lignin, esterified p -coumaric acid, and esterified acetyl groups suggest that these components may be involved primarily in depressing fermentation of cell wall polysaccharides.
The Effectiveness of Games as Assignments in an Introductory Programming Course

Computer games are an often cited motivational tool used as assignments in introductory programming courses. This paper presents the results of a study that attempts to quantify the effectiveness of computer games as programming projects over non-games. Students completed five major programming assignments during the semester in an introductory programming course. For each assignment, students were given an option between two programming projects, a game and a non-game. Throughout the term, 78.9% of the assignments submitted by students were the game option. The average grade, however, on game assignments was 89.1%, while the non-game average was 95.1%. In a post-term survey 84% of student respondents answered "yes" to the question, "Did the games provide any extra motivation for you to complete the projects with a high level of quality?" Results suggest that games do indeed provide psychological motivation and increase course enjoyment, even though they may not improve students' scores.
A clinical evaluation of evidence-based maternity care using the Optimality Index.

The Optimality Index‐US ( OI‐US ) reflects the use of evidence‐based practices in obstetrics. This paper's objective is to apply the OI‐US to a "typical" nurse‐midwifery service data set to demonstrate its use outside of a research context. The OI‐US score for the sample practice was 80%. The OI‐US can be used by obstetric and gynecologic nurse clinicians to demonstrate the relationship of various care practices to optimal outcomes. JOGNN, 35, 786‐793; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552‐6909.2006.00107.x
Image reconstruction from shear wave modulated ultrasound echo data

Conventional ultrasound imaging uses mechanically focused transducers and/or delay-and-sum beamforming to focus transmit and receive beams and provide lateral resolution. Lateral resolution is determined by aperture size and wavelength. A sound speed of 1540 m/s is typically assumed; sound speed variations may degrade the focus. We present a novel method in which lateral resolution of the target is obtained by using traveling shear waves to encode the lateral position of targets in the phase of the received echo. This method separates the lateral resolution of the imaging system from the properties of the ultrasound aperture. We demonstrate image formation with an unfocused transducer in phantoms of uniform shear modulus.
Sub-Doppler Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Binary Molecular Complexes

A newly constructed infrared laser - molecular beam apparatus has been used to investigate the infrared spectroscopy and vibrational predissociation of a number of HF containing van der Waals molecules. In all cases, well resolved spectra have been obtained and assigned, thus giving not only unique species identification but also accurate molecular constants. The resolution of the opto-thermal method is sufficient to observe homogeneous broadening of the transitions in most cases. It is therefore possible to accurately examine the dependence of the vibrational relaxation rate on various properties, such as, the complexity of the partner in the binary complex and the particular vibrational mode excited.
Calcium current and charge movement of mammalian muscle: action of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins.

1. The Vaseline-gap voltage clamp technique was used to record dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ currents (ICa) and charge movement in single cut fibres from the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) immunoglobulin G (IgG) action on ICa and charge movement has been characterized. 2. ALS IgG reduced ICa amplitude. The peak ICa of EDL fibres (mean +/- S.E.M.) at 0 mV, expressed as amperes per membrane capacitance, was -4.79 +/- 0.029 A F-1, while after 30 min incubation in ALS IgG it was -2.52 +/- 0.04 A F-1. IgG from healthy patients, and from patients with other diseases (familial ALS, myasthenia gravis, chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuritis, multiple sclerosis and one sample from Lambert-Eaton syndrome, LES) did not affect ICa, while IgG from patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome and one other sample from a patient with LES affected the ICa in a similar way as ALS IgG. 3. The time constant of ICa activation (alpha m) at 0 mV was 44.8 +/- 1.4 ms in control, and 36.6 +/- 1.5 ms after an incubation of 30 min in ALS IgG. The steady-state activation curve (m infinity) was shifted to more positive potentials by ALS IgG. 4. The rate constants of activation (range -20 to 30 mV) were altered by ALS IgG: alpha m decreased while beta m increased. These data suggest that ALS IgG favours the permanence of the Ca2+ channels in the closed state. 5. The time constant of Ca2+ channels deactivation at -90 mV with a pre-pulse to 0 mV was 4.4 +/- 0.5 ms in control and 4.1 +/- 0.6 ms in ALS IgG. The relationship between the deactivation time constant and membrane potential was not significantly modified by ALS IgG. 6. ICa inactivation was not affected by ALS IgG. The potentials of half-inactivation were -32.1 and -36.6 mV in control and ALS IgG, respectively. Similarly, the rate constants of inactivation (alpha h and beta h) remained unaltered by ALS IgG. 7. We successfully blocked ICa with 100 microM-TMB-8 (3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester hydrochloride), without major effects on charge movement. We adopted this procedure to study charge movement. ALS IgG reduced charge movement without significant effects on the effective valence and voltage dependence. Qon and Qoff, the charges during and after the pulse, were similarly affected by ALS IgG. 8. The actions of ALS IgG on DHP-sensitive Ca2+ current and charge movement suggest an interaction between ALS IgG and some component of the DHP-receptor complex.
Demography and dispersal: invasion speeds and sensitivity analysis in periodic and stochastic environments

Invasion speeds can be calculated from matrix integrodifference equation models that incorporate stage-specific demography and dispersal. These models also permit the calculation of the sensitivity and elasticity of invasion speed to changes in demographic and dispersal parameters. Such calculations have been used to understand the factors determining invasion speed and to explore possible tactics to manage invasive species. In this paper, we extend these calculations to temporally varying environments. We present formulas for the invasion speed and its sensitivity and elasticity in both periodic and stochastic environments. Periodic models can describe seasonal variation within a year, or can be used to study the frequency of occurrence of events (e.g., floods, fires) on interannual time scales. Stochastic models can incorporate variances, covariances, and temporal autocorrelation of parameters. We show that the invasion speed is calculated from a growth rate which is in turn calculated from a periodic or stochastic product of moment-generating function matrices. We present a new formulation of sensitivity analysis, using matrix calculus, that applies equally to constant, periodic, and stochastic environments.
Ordered multiplicity lists for eigenvalues of symmetric matrices whose graph is a linear tree

We consider the class of trees for which all vertices of degree at least 3 lie on a single induced path of the tree. For such trees, a new superposition principle is proposed to generate all possible ordered multiplicity lists for the eigenvalues of symmetric (Hermitian) matrices whose graph is such a tree. It is shown that no multiplicity lists other than these can occur and that for two subclasses all such lists do occur. Important contrasts with trees outside the class are given, and it is shown that several prior conjectures about multiplicity lists, including the Degree Conjecture, follow from our superposition principle.
Maternal Diseases Complicating Pregnancy

In certain maternal diseases, placental findings may be confirmatory of the disease, while in others, placental pathology may be the first indication of an abnormality. In many of the diseases complicating pregnancy, the associated placentas are often not examined, or examination is not reported. This is unfortunate because those placentas could aid in diagnosis and knowledge of the pathogenesis of these conditions and the mechanisms by which these conditions affect the fetus.
Climatology of Large Sediment Resuspension Events in Southern Lake Michigan

Lake Michigan, particularly the southern basin, is subject to recurrent episodes of massive sediment resuspension by storm-induced waves and currents. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the climatology of these events for Lake Michigan, including an analysis of associated meteorological conditions. This paper begins by examining turbidity records from two water treatment plants (Chicago, IL and St. Joseph, MI) for which long-term records are available. The turbidity records from the two plants show significant differences indicating that turbidity measurements from a single location would probably not be representative of a basin-wide climatology. A one-dimensional sediment resuspension and deposition model for fine-grained sediments is then developed and calibrated with data from the water treatment plants. The one-dimensional model is applied at 15 points around the southern basin for a 45-year period for which Lake Michigan wave climatology is available and the results are averaged to obtain a basin-wide turbidity index (Southern Lake Michigan Turbidity Index, SLMTI). A frequency distribution of the turbidity index is presented and meteorological conditions associated with the largest events are examined. Our analysis indicates that significant resuspension events in southern Lake Michigan are usually caused by a strong cyclone passing to the east of the lake. The most likely time of the year for this to occur is October to April. There is an average of 1 event per year with SLMTI above 25 mg/L and each event typically lasts about 3 days. Our analysis indicates that events have occurred more frequently since the late 1980s as the number of winter storms has increased and ice cover has decreased.
Mechanistic comparison of different solutions found in closed-loop quantum control simulations

We investigate how variable number affects mechanistic complexity in solutions found using closed-loop learning control. We find that we can facilitate our mechanistic understanding by initially using fewer variables for the optimization.
Processing for access

This article describes a method for gaining progressively refined control over holdings using provenancial arrangement. Arrangement techniques for both personal papers and corporate records, either organized or disorganized, are demonstrated. The system of access is based on a floating record group concept designed to identify all organic bodies of records in a repository. Access is provided on a logical and comprehensive basis rather than on a subjective and selective one.
Biochar properties and impact on soil CO2 and N 2O emissions

Biochar application to soil has been proposed as a means to sequester carbon and mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, biochar directly influences soil GHG emissions in a complex-interactive manner that remains poorly understood, and hence further understanding of biochar-soil interactions is needed to evaluate biochar’s efficacy as a tool for greenhouse gas mitigation. The goals of this dissertation are to (1) quantify the organic and inorganic alkalis of several biochars, (2) quantify the impact of biochar properties on GHG emissions from diverse soils, and (3) identify mechanisms by which biochar properties influence GHG emissions from soils. To achieve these goals, biochar alkalis and thermochemical properties were analyzed, and three laboratory incubations as well as two field studies and one greenhouse study were conducted, employing eight biochars, two field sites, and four cropping systems. It was found that biochar properties are highly diverse, and effects on GHG emissions varied with respect to biochar properties and soil properties. Both carbonates and bicarbonate-extractable organic carbon in biochar contributed directly to very short term CO2 emissions but did not influence N2O emissions. Effects of biochar on N2O emissions were found to be more complex, with biochar increasing, decreasing or not affecting emissions depending on the context. Results highlight perturbation of N transformations, direct sorption of N, and enhanced water retention as potential mechanisms of biochar’s influence on N2O emissions and suggest that multiple mechanisms likely operate simultaneously.
Soy-Based Surface Active Copolymers As a Safer Replacement for Low Molecular Weight Surfactants

Environmentally friendly soybean-based polymeric surfactants (SBPS) were synthesized using cationic polymerization of a vinyl ether monomer derived from soybean and tri(ethylene glycol) ethyl vinyl ether. The ability of SBPS to form micelles that solubilize hydrophobic molecules has been shown. Micellar “capacity” (size of micellar interior) increased with increasing polymeric surfactant concentration and temperature. The obtained results provide evidence for potential use of SBPS as a safer replacement for low molecular weight surfactants in the solubilization of poorly soluble ingredients in cosmetics. The macromolecules developed can be used as both a surface active agent and an additive that enhances the surface activity of low molecular weight surfactants (for example, anionic sodium lauryl sulfate) in personal-care products.
An efficient synthesis of the protected carbohydrate moiety of Brasilicardin A.

A synthesis of the protected carbohydrate moiety 2 of Brasilicardin A starting from l-rhamnose and d-glucosamine is described. The disaccharide was synthesized using a TMSOTf-mediated glycosylation of the 2-phthalimido-2-deoxyglucose donor 5 and the 3-hydroxyl group of the protected l-rhamnose derivative 4, which already bears the 3-hydroxybenzoate unit. The imidate 2 was coupled via TMSOTf-mediated glycosidation with cholesterol as a model aglycone followed by the selective cleavage of all the acetate groups to give the Brasilicardin A analogue 16.
Boil-Off Losses Associated with Venting Charging Tanks in Cryogenic Storage Systems

*† ‡ It is common practice to vent the charging tank of a cryogenic storage system of vapor during the transfer of cryogenic hydrogen. This vented vapor may be used in other cryogenic applications as a means of pre-cooling. This paper reports on the investigation of boil-off losses associated with the pressure-driven transfer of cryogenic hydrogen in a charging tank maintained at an application-specific filling pressure. For a given set of system variables an optimum filling pressure exists where the boil-off losses are minimum. The effect of choking in the transfer line due to variations in the flow area and the effect of zero and infinite tank wall thermal mass are also presented. It is vital to the use of cryogenic hydrogen in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications that these key system variables be optimized in order to minimize boil-off losses. A fundamental understanding of the extent of the contributions of the aforementioned variables will also lead to more efficient transfer of cryogenic hydrogen.
Simulated frame-loss artifacts in myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging: the difference between single- and dual-headed systems.

Objective: Right-angle dual-headed tomography has increased cardiac SPECT utility by cutting acquisition time in half which enhances gating capabilities. When gating, however, a deceleration in heart rate, due to a return to baseline rate after stress or lessened anxiety at the end of a study, may significantly affect the last step(s) of a gated study with possible frame or information loss. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the artifacts produced in myocardial perfusion studies when a frame or frames are lost in single- and dual-detector SPECT imaging methodologies. Methods: A near-normal 99mTc-sestamibi study was obtained using a dual-headed camera system fitted with high-resolution, long-bore collimators. The normal study was processed including all frames (1–32). To demonstrate the effect of losing frames on a dual-headed system, the study was processed three different ways to simulate frame loss. Results: Loss of frames at the end of a SPECT acquisition results in significant inferoseptal wall defects, left ventricular lumen narrowing, as well as thinning of the anterior and lateral walls. The overall appearance of the heart is a more oval-shaped heart with decreased perfusion. The effect of losing the last frame in a dual-headed camera system as opposed to losing the last frame in a single-headed camera system is more substantial. Conclusion: A scan resulting in the loss of a frame in either a single- or a dual-headed camera system creates artifacts in the myocardial wall and should always be repeated. It is significant to note that artifacts present in a dual-headed system are much more prevalent than in a single-headed system due to the nature of dual-headed acquisition parameters.
Initial experience with l-leucine therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes with associated chromosome 5q deletion

To the editor: In murine and zebrafish preclinical models of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), supplementation with the essential amino acid l-leucine ameliorates defective erythropoiesis and alleviates anemia, probably via upregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.[1][1
Effect of hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus on serum progesterone concentrations during early metoestrus of pregnant and non-pregnant cycles induced by pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin in domestic dogs.

The intramuscular (i.m.) administration of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) (20 iu kg-1 day-1 for 5 days) followed by an injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (500 iu, i.m.) induced oestrus in 28 cross-bred bitches. These included, based on endocrine evaluations, nine normal (N), seven insulin-deficient diabetic (ID), six insulin-resistant (IR) and six hypercortisolic (HC) bitches. The bitches were not bred but were allowed to have a non-pregnant cycle. When oestrus was induced a second time by re-treating at 35 days after the end of the non-pregnant metoestrus of the first induced cycle, the dogs were mated. Pregnancy was obtained in five N, four ID, four IR and three HC dogs; 15 of the 16 dogs had litters. For these 16 dogs, progesterone concentrations in serum were evaluated from samples that had been obtained daily during the first 30 days of the first (non-pregnant) induced cycle and the first 11 days of metoestrus of the second induced (pregnant) cycle. Corpus luteum development was characterized in normal bitches by a steady increase in progesterone, with highest values (33 +/- 6 ng ml-1) at day 8 of metoestrus in pregnant dogs. Progesterone averaged among the first 11 days of metoestrus (pregnant and non-pregnant) did not differ between normal and insulin-resistant bitches (20 +/- 5 versus 22 +/- 4 ng ml-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of acute and chronic phenobarbital treatment on the activity of rat liver deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases.

Eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (I, II, and III) have a diurnal rhythm which is altered by the administration of a single dose of phenobarbital (60 mg/kg) in young rats on a 12-hr light, 12-hr dark lighting schedule. Constant lighting essentially abolished the pattern of activity of RNA polymerases I and III and produced a minor variation in the rhythm of RNA polymerase II. Administration of phenobarbital (100 mg/kg) to animals maintained in constant light altered the diurnal rhythm of RNA polymerase II but did not change the activities of RNA polymerases I and III. No significant alteration in the activity of any of the RNA polymerases was observed by comparison of phenobarbital-treated rats with NaCl-treated controls under either normal or constant lighting when individual points across the 24-hr period were averaged. Under both lighting protocols phenobarbital produced an increase in plasma corticosteroid 6-9 hr after administration, which could not be correlated with changes in the activities of the RNA polymerases. No relationship could be established between the normal pattern of plasma corticosteroid and RNA polymerase activities. Chronic administration of phenobarbital (100 mg/kg/day) did not stimulate nuclear RNA polymerases on days 1-4 of administration; only on day 5 was stimulation observed. The 5-day average RNA polymerase II activity was significantly depressed in phenobarbital-treated compared with control animals. No change in liver RNA polymerases was observed in older rats given phenobarbital in their drinking water (1 mg/ml) for 10 days. The results suggest that hypertrophy induced in the liver by phenobarbital is not accompanied by a discernible increase in hepatic transcription as manifested by increases in RNA polymerase activity, and support other studies in which decreased turnover and/or stabilization of hepatic RNA was found.
Fixing the Double Deduction from Carried Interest

Commonly and appropriately, a service partner is taxed on the value of a partnership interest transferred as compensation. When the value of the interest exceeds its tax book value (capital account), the partnership seems to be allowed a double deduction, akin to deduction of both the accrual and the payment of the expense. The partnership gets a deduction for the fair market value of the partnership interest that the service partner includes in income and the other non-service partners later allocate partnership income over to the service partner, which is functionally equivalent to a second deduction for the same item. The Shelf Project proposal would limit the partnership’s deduction to the basis or capital account transferred to the service partner. The proposal also would tax sale of an income interest in the partnership as immediate ordinary income. The proposal would also apply to S corporation stock, where the problem is the same. The proposal is equivalent to treating the partnership as if it had sold ordinary assets to pay the partnership interest. The discussion rejects the argument that the transfer of the partnership interest fits under section 721 for nonrecognition, and rejects an analogy between section 1032 (nonrecognition by a corporation in issuing stock) and section 721. It rejects the argument that the partnership should be treated as selling a fractional share of all its assets. A partnership can sometimes achieve a result better than the proposal by a real sale of assets, but the real sale would solve valuation difficulties and sometimes prevent the inappropriate accounting. The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, which is a collaboration among tax professionals to develop proposals to raise revenue in the ongoing revenue crisis by defending the tax base. It is intended to raise revenue without a VAT or a rate increase in ways that will improve the fairness, efficiency, and rationality of the tax system. The hard work needs to be done now to develop viable proposals. Shelf projects are intended to foreclose both 85 percent income tax rates and 60 percent federal sales taxes. Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.
Chastity for democracy: Surplus repression and the rhetoric of sex education

ABSTRACTMoving from opposition to participation, the Adolescent Family Life Act (1981) and the development of abstinence education marks the conservative movement's pivot to a rhetorical strategy of tolerance that enabled it to coopt the public culture of sex discourse. Working from Herbert Marcuse's theory of “surplus repression,” I argue that the New Right seized the liberationist argument for open public discourse about sexuality to sublimate libidinal desires into a national project of familial (re)productivity. The AFLA is significant in the rhetorical history of sex education because it demarcates the transition to a productive form of biopolitics that sought to manage sexuality by instrumentalizing rather than censuring bodily desire. Conservative sex talk illustrates how Eros—transgressive, creative, and erotic desires—is channeled into the discursive production of hyper-functional subjects invested in their own subjugation.
Cultivating youth voice through participation in a Foster youth advisory board: Perspectives of facilitators

Abstract This study explored the construct of youth voices in one state youth advisory board (YAB) from the perspective of program staff and child welfare liaisons and administrators (referred to as ‘facilitators’). Our aim was to understand how youth voice is defined and activated on a foster youth advisory board. In-depth interviews with 13 facilitators of a YAB in a Mid-western state were conducted between August 2013 and June 2014. These interviews were a part of a larger study that investigated what 33 current and former elected officers of a YAB learned from participation. Each interview lasted between 1 and 1/2 to 2 h. A grounded dimensional analysis was used to investigate facilitators' perceptions of the impact of participation on the development of advocacy for self and others. Findings indicated that the belief system of facilitators, provision of social support, opportunities to try new roles, and state agency leadership contributed to the cultivation of youth voice through two parallel processes: personalization and professionalization. Suggestions for practice and YAB development are made to enhance sustainability and decrease tokenization of foster youths' voices in child welfare systems.
Tris(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)phosphine selenide

The title compound, C21H21O3PSe, is comprised of a P atom in a distorted tetra­hedral environment, attached to the Se atom and three C atoms of the phenyl rings. The P—Se bond length is 2.1214 (12) A. All three meth­oxy groups are near coplanar with their respective phenyl rings, with the angles between the phenyl ring and the C—O bond of the meth­oxy groups being 5.7 (2), 1.5 (4), and 5.7 (3)°. The torsion angles of the phenyl rings relative to the P=Se bond are 35.62 (10), 35.07 (13), and 44.50 (11)°. No strong inter­molecular inter­actions were observed, but that in addition to van der Waals forces, there are C—H⋯π and C—H⋯Se close contacts.
Limits to patient selection.

Patients can use Internet sources to select physicians; physicians who use patient databases to select or reject patients, however, cross a professional-ethical boundary. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: review of an uncommon fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw with important clinical implications

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare, benign, multifocal fibro-osseous dysplastic process affecting tooth-bearing areas of the jaw, characterized by replacement of normal trabecular bone with osseous tissue and dense acellular cementum in a fibrous stroma. It is one clinicopathologic variant in a spectrum of related non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesions known as cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs), thought to arise from elements of the periodontal ligament. Diagnosis primarily relies upon radiographic and clinical findings; unnecessary biopsy should be avoided, as inoculation with oral pathogens may precipitate chronic infection in these hypovascular lesions. Appropriate management of uncomplicated FCOD consists of periodic radiographic follow-up. Accordingly, it is important that both radiologists and clinicians performing endodontic interventions possess familiarity with this entity in order to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate intervention, which may result in a protracted clinical course. Lesions are usually asymptomatic in the absence of infection, typically discovered on routine dental radiographs or imaging performed for unrelated indications. Radiographically, the condition typically manifests as widespread non-expansile intraosseous masses of varying internal lucency and sclerosis that surround the root apices of vital teeth or edentulous areas in the posterior jaw. While all CODs share similar microscopic features, FCOD is distinguished by its multifocal distribution, involving two or more quadrants of the maxilla and mandible, often in a bilateral symmetric fashion. The vast majority of cases are sporadic, though few exhibit an autosomal dominant familial inheritance pattern. In this pictorial review, we discuss the radiologic characteristics of this entity, pertinent clinical and histologic features, differential diagnoses, and management options.
Timely delivery of primary chemoradiation for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer: are we meeting this quality measure?

Treatment time has been used as a benchmark of quality care for women receiving primary concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer. We assessed adherence to this quality measure and the impact of delays in therapy on clinical outcomes. This retrospective review included patients treated with CCRT for cervical cancer between January 2000 and June 2014. Primary outcome was adherence to the quality measure of completion of therapy ≤56 days. Secondary outcomes include treatment times, response, recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Of the 201 patients included, 90 (44.8%) completed therapy ≤56 days. There were no differences in baseline characteristics for patients completing therapy in ≤56 days versus >56 days. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) at a local/non-academic facility, prolonged time to complete EBRT, and longer time to initiation of brachytherapy (BT) were associated with total treatment time prolongation. No significant differences in response, recurrence, PFS, DSS, or OS were observed with respect to total treatment time; however, protracted time to complete EBRT was associated with decreased PFS and DSS. More than 50% of patients treated with primary CCRT for locally advanced cervical cancer fail to meet the quality benchmark for timely completion of therapy. Location of treatment, time to completion of EBRT, and delay in initiation of BT was associated with treatment prolongation. Though total treatment time failed to correlate with disease-specific outcomes, treatment delays during EBRT were detrimental to PFS and DSS.
Impact of neoadjuvant HER2-directed therapy on HER2 status in breast cancer.

e12130Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with HER2-directed therapy has become standard-of-care for most women with potentially curable HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer and is associated...
Computational and Experimental Evaluation of Designed β-Cap Hairpins Using Molecular Simulations and Kinetic Network Models.

Molecular simulation has been used to model the detailed folding properties of peptides, yet prospective computational peptide design by such approaches remains challenging and nontrivial. To test the accuracy of simulation-based hairpin design, we characterized the folding properties of a series of so-called β-cap hairpin peptides designed to mimic a conserved hairpin of LapD, a bacterial intracellular signaling protein, both experimentally by NMR spectroscopy and computationally by implicit-solvent replica-exchange molecular dynamics using three different AMBER force fields (ff96, ff99sb-ildn, and ff99sb-ildn-NMR). A unique challenge presented by these designs is the presence of both a terminal Trp-Trp capping motif and a conserved GWxQ motif in the hairpin turn required for binding to LapG. Consistent with previous studies, we found AMBER ff96 to be the most accurate when used with the OBC GBSA implicit solvent model, despite its known bias toward β-sheet conformations when used in explicit-solvent sim...
Strain localization and evolving kinematic efficiency of initiating strike-slip faults within wet kaolin experiments

Abstract Using wet kaolin experiments, we document the evolution of strain localization during strike-slip fault maturation under variable boundary conditions (pre-existing fault, depth of and distribution of basal shear). While the nature of the basal shear influences strain localization observed at the clay surface, similarities between experiments reveal a general conceptual model of strain accommodation. First, shear strain is accommodated as distributed shear (Stage 0), then by development of echelon faults (Stage I), then by interaction, lengthening and propagation of those echelon faults (Stage II) and, finally, by slip along through-going fault (Stage III). Stage II serves as a transitory period when the system reorganizes after sufficient strain localization. Here, active fault system complexity is maximized as faults link producing apparent rotation of active fault surfaces without material rotation. As the shear zone narrows, off-fault deformation decreases while fault slip and kinematic efficiency increases. We quantify kinematic efficiency as the ratio of fault slip to applied displacement. All fault systems reach a steady-state efficiency in excess of 80%. Despite reducing off-fault deformation, the through-going fault maintains
Hand-Over-Hand Transactions with Precise Memory Reclamation

In this paper, we introduce revocable reservations, a transactional memory mechanism to reserve locations in one transaction and check whether they are unchanged in a subsequent transaction without preventing reserved locations from being reclaimed in the interim. We describe several implementations of revocable reservations, and show how to use revocable reservations to implement lists and trees with a transactional analog to hand-over-hand locking. Our evaluation of these data structures shows that revocable reservations allow precise and immediate reclamation within transactional data structures, without sacrificing scalability or introducing excessive latency.
Mediation of effects of the level of response to alcohol and impulsivity 15 years later in 36-year-old men: Implications for prevention efforts

Abstract Background Although the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has increased in older individuals in the recent decade, there are few programs to mitigate that increase. The current analyses evaluate the feasibility of applying to older drinkers elements of an approach to prevent heavier drinking in young adults by focusing on mediators of effects of two risk factors for alcohol problems, low levels of response to alcohol (low LRs) and higher impulsivity. Methods Data were extracted from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS). Structural Equation Models evaluated relationships among age 36 low LRs and higher impulsivity; age 46 perceived peer drinking, alcohol expectancies, and drinking to cope; and age 51 alcohol problems, even after controlling for age 36 alcohol problems. Results Relationships of age 36 low LRs to later alcohol problems was both direct and linked to age 46 heavy drinking peers. LR also operated indirectly through peer drinking to alcohol expectancies and drinking to cope. Age 36 impulsivity had no direct path to later alcohol problems and operated primarily through mediation by alcohol expectancies and via expectancies to drinking to cope. After controlling for age 36 alcohol problems, the low LR and impulsivity results remained robust. Conclusions Programs for mitigating increases in alcohol problems in middle-age drinkers should consider identifying individuals with low LRs and/or higher impulsivity and implementing prevention approaches similar to a program used in young adults. The approach should emphasize some different mediators for older drinkers with low LRs and those with higher impulsivity.
DYNACARE: Dynamic Cardiac Arrest Risk Estimation

Cardiac arrest is a deadly condition caused by a sudden failure of the heart with an inhospital mortality rate of ∼ 80%. Therefore, the ability to accurately estimate patients at high risk of cardiac arrest is crucial for improving the survival rate. Existing research generally fails to utilize a patient’s temporal dynamics. In this paper, we present two dynamic cardiac risk estimation models, focusing on different temporal signatures in a patient’s risk trajectory. These models can track a patient’s risk trajectory in real time, allow interpretability and predictability of a cardiac arrest event, provide an intuitive visualization to medical professionals, offer a personalized dynamic hazard function, and estimate the risk for a new patient.
Memristor crossbar based winner take all circuit design for self-organization

Self-organizing mechanism is an important feature of the human perception system. It is an unsupervised learning process which does not require labeled data. In this paper, we have designed a novel mixed signal architecture for training a self-organizing system. A memristor1 crossbar is utilized for higher synaptic weight density and parallel analog operation. The system essentially implements the winner take all learning algorithm. A novel neuron circuit is designed for the winning neuron detection and lateral inhibition operations. Our experimental results show that the proposed system can self-organize based on unlabeled training data.
Patient consent to publication and data sharing in industry and NIH-funded clinical trials.

Participants are recruited into clinical trials under the assumption that the research will contribute to medical knowledge. Therefore, non-publication trials—and, more recently, lack of data sharing—are widely considered to violate the trust of trial participants. Existing practices regarding patient consent to publication and data sharing have not been evaluated. Analyzing informed consent forms (ICFs), we studied what trial participants were told regarding investigators’ intention to contribute to medical knowledge, publish trial results, and share de-identified trial data. We obtained 98 ICFs of industry-funded pre-marketing trials for all (17) antibiotics approved by the European Medicines Agency and 46 ICFs of publicly funded trials from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC) data repository. Three authors independently reviewed ICFs to identify and extract what was stated or implied regarding: (1) publication of results; (2) sharing de-identified data; (3) data ownership; (4) confidentiality of identifiable data; and (5) whether the trial will produce knowledge that offers public benefit. Consensus was obtained from the two reviewers with the greatest overall agreement on all five measures. Disagreements were resolved through discussion among all authors. Four (3%) trials indicated a commitment to publish trial results; 140 (97%) did not commit to publishing trial results; six (4%) indicated a commitment to share de-identified data with third party researchers. Commitments to share were more common in publicly funded trials than industry-funded trials (7% vs 3%). A total of 103 (72%) ICFs indicated the trials will or may produce knowledge that offers public benefits, while 131 (91%) ICFs left unstated who “owned” trial data; of those with statements, the sponsor always claimed ownership. Patient confidentiality was guaranteed in 137 (95%) trials. Our results suggest that consent forms rarely disclose investigators’ intentions regarding the sharing of de-identified data or publication of trial results.
Abstract 11368: Pre-operative Endothelin Levels Predict Post-operative Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 40% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalizations, and increa...
An approximate analysis of drying operation of wet fabric

This study describes an approximate theoretical analysis of drying a moving wet fabric exposed to constant radiant heat and hot air blown normal to its surface. By considering the problem as a combination of heat and mass transfer processes, the governing dimensionless groups are identified and their influence on the residence time is established. These groups are then utilized in the prediction of either the residence time or the total length of travel needed to achieve a specific drying level of the fabric.
Mechanistic Study of Nucleation Enhancement in Atomic Layer Deposition by Pretreatment with Small Organometallic Molecules

Thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metals on metal oxide surfaces typically suffers from nucleation delays that result in poor-quality films. The poor nucleation may be caused by a lack of su...
Comparison of Monopulse and MUSIC Estimator for Angular Parameters Estimation

Estimation of angular parameters of a target has always been an important field of study. Monopulse technique can be used to obtain accurate angle measurements in tracking radars. Another popular method for this estimation is use of high resolution beamformers. This paper presents a comparative study of two of the modern techniques monopulse and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) used to perform this estimation by using phased array radar. Simulations are performed in Matlab to make comparison on the basis of accuracy of measurements, ability to resolve multiple targets and performance under poor SNR conditions. Results show that monopulse is capable of giving more accurate measurements than MUSIC and can perform well under poor SNR but inability to resolve multiple targets is its limitation and this is where MUSIC takes precedence.