cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Morphological Neural Network-Based System for Face Detection and Recognition

A human face detection and recognition system is designed to run in Microsoft Windows. A Logitech QuickCam is used to capture a gray scale image. The image is processed by a morphological shared-weight neural network to detect the human faces in the input image. Detected faces are matched against images of known candidates in a database using a simple and fast modified closest neighbor algorithm. If a face matches any of the candidates in the database, the face is labeled accordingly; otherwise it is labeled as "unknown". The system was tested under varying lighting conditions and backgrounds using 4 candidates in the database with 10 images per candidate. The system was able to achieve a 100% face detection rate with no false alarms when the candidates were approximately 24-42 inches from the camera. The system was able to achieve a 95% correct recognition rate on a test set that included only persons in the database and an 87% recognition rate on test set that also included persons not in the database
On the Relation between Form and Substance in Law

In this paper the author deals with some theoretical aspects of Robert Summers' last book (Summers 2006). In particular, he concentrates on the hazy relationship between form and substance in Summers' theory. In order to analyze some major difficulties entailed in the thesis that form and substance are different and independent things, the author discusses three specific questions: (1) the difference between form and substance; (2) the possibility of a form meant to be value-neutral; (3) how to distinguish a form-centered approach from a formalistic approach when one has to interpret a statute. This last question is dealt with through examples taken from two legal decisions.*
Space Between Languages

What aspects of spatial relations influence speakers’ choice of locative? This article presents a study of static spatial descriptions from 24 languages. The study reveals two kinds of spatial terms evident cross-linguistically: specific spatial terms and general spatial terms (GSTs). Whereas specific spatial terms—including English prepositions—occur in a limited range of situations, with concomitant specificity in their meaning, GSTs occur in all spatial descriptions (in languages that employ them). Because of the extreme differences in range of application, the two are considered separately. A multidimensional scaling analysis is used with specific spatial terms to extract statistically valid similarities across the languages sampled. For GSTs, which have not been previously analyzed in the literature, a semantic analysis is proposed and experimentally validated. The results suggest the importance of geometry, function, and qualitative physics to the meanings of both kinds of spatial terms, although the details differ.
Iterative maximum-likelihood/cross-correlation algorithm for reflection and pulse TOA estimation

An iterative method that combines a parametric channel model with the maximum likelihood and cross-correlation estimation techniques has been developed to estimate the reflection, creeping wave, and times of arrival (TOAs) from an echo (backscatter) emanating from a rigid acoustic sphere. The modelled echo is assumed to be more complex than a linear combination of delayed and scaled versions of the transmitted pulse, and the individual backscatter pulses need not be disjoint. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is successful in determining the proper time delays of the reflection and the creeping wave for a variety of received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
Forecasting Medicaid Expenditures for Antipsychotic Medications.

Objective:The ongoing transition from use of mostly branded to mostly generic second-generation antipsychotic medications could bring about a substantial reduction in Medicaid expenditures for antipsychotic medications, a change with critical implications for formulary restrictions on second-generation antipsychotics in Medicaid. This study provided a forecast of the impact of generics on Medicaid expenditures for antipsychotic medications.Methods:Quarterly (N=816) state-level aggregate data on outpatient antipsychotic prescriptions in Medicaid between 2008 and 2011 were drawn from the Medicaid state drug utilization database. Annual numbers of prescriptions, expenditures, and cost per prescription were constructed for each antipsychotic medication. Forecasts of antipsychotic expenditures in calendar years 2016 and 2019 were developed on the basis of the estimated percentage reduction in Medicaid expenditures for risperidone, the only second-generation antipsychotic available generically throughout the st...
HUMMINGBIRD HOVERING PERFORMANCE IN HYPEROXIC HELIOX: EFFECTS OF BODY MASS AND SEX

Owing to their small size and hovering locomotion, hummingbirds are the most aerobically active vertebrate endotherms. Can hyperoxia enhance the flight performance of this highly oxygen-dependent group? Hovering performance of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) was manipulated non-invasively using hyperoxic but hypodense gas mixtures of sea-level air combined with heliox containing 35% O2. This manipulation sheds light on the interplay among metabolic power input, mechanical power output and aerodynamic force production in limiting flight performance. No significant differences in flight mechanics and oxygen consumption were identified between hyperoxic and normoxic conditions. Thus, at least in the present experimental context, hyperoxia did not change the major metabolic and mechanical parameters; O2 diffusive capacities of the respiratory system were probably not limiting to a significant extent. Compared with hummingbirds in our previous studies, the present experimental birds were heavier, had resultant shorter hover-feeding durations and experienced aerodynamic failure at higher air densities. Because hummingbirds have relatively stable wingbeat frequencies, modulation of power output was attained primarily through variation in stroke amplitude up to near 180 degrees. This result indicates that maximum hovering performance was constrained geometrically and that heavier birds with greater fat loads had less margin for enhancement of power production. Sexual dimorphism in flight adaptation also played a role, with males showing more limited hovering capacities, presumably as a trade-off for increased maneuverability.
Conceptual Challenges Confronting Cluster Evaluation

In this paper, the authors describe an approach to evaluating large-scale initiatives that span multiple project sites and respond to multiple evaluation needs at the project and program levels. Kn...
Perrhenato complexes of bivalent cations

Abstract A series of complexes of the general formula [ML 4 (ReO 4 ) 2 ] were prepared and studied: M = cobalt(II), copper(II), manganese(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II); L = pyridine(py) or 4-methylpyridine(4-mepy). Magnetic susceptibility measurements, infrared spectra (2.5 – 50μ), and near-infrared and visible spectra indicate coordination of the perrhenate groups to form tetragonally distorted octahedral complexes. Metal-ligand vibrations were assigned from the far-infrared spectral data, and Ds, Dt, Dq xy Dq z values of the nickel compounds were calculated from the near-infrared and visible spectral data. These studies indicate that the perrhenate anion coordinates more strongly than the perchlorate and tetra-fluoroborate anions and less strongly than the bromide and chloride anions.
Conversion of a Dohrmann Microcoulometric Gas Chromatograph to a convenient and rapid "total chloride" unit.

In quantitative residue investigations of the persisting organochlorine pesticides in foodstuffs there is frequent need to establish magnitudes of the total organically bound chlorine present. “Total” residue values of this sort can be interpreted in terms of the most toxic compound thought to be present, or with pesticides that are mixtures initially (such as BHC, Tedion, toxaphene, or chlordane) or that degrade to mixtures (such as DDT, DDE, DDD, and DDA) they can represent that mixture existing as a persisting residue. When organic chloride detection methods are coupled with gas chromatography, as in the Dohrmann Microcoulometric Gas Chromatograph, a high degree of specificity in residue methodology is achievable, as discussed elsewhere (1, 2). This instrumentation also provides the presently very necessary detection in the microgram region.
Electric Field Effect in SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7-x Multilayers Grown by All-MBE

SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7-x(STO/YBCO) multilayers were grown on STO(100) substrates by an ozone-assisted MBE method, which enables us to grow thin films with smooth surfaces at relatively low substrate temperature. Film surfaces were evaluated by RHEED, LEED, XPS and ISS. These observations showed the YBCO surfaces were smooth, clean and crystalline and terminated by Cu-O chains, and STO films grew epitaxially onto these YBCO(001) surfaces. Furthermore, we made use of a selective epitaxial growth technique to fabricated device configurations in course of film depositions. Applying this process to a FET fabrication, we observed field effect modulations of drain current both in normal and in superconducting states.
Parameter extraction guidelines for hot-electron reliability simulation

Detailed NMOSFET parameter extraction guidelines for the hot-electron degradation models used in many circuit-level reliability simulation tools are proposed. Accurate calibration of these models to a particular technology is shown to require accounting for the asymptotic and variable power-law time dependence of hot-electron degradation, and the impact of the local oxide electric field on the critical energy for interface damage. In addition, statistical analysis is used to determine the prediction intervals within which hot-electron lifetime can be estimated, and to offer insight into developing more efficient and precise testing methodologies. >
Formation of a porous cerium oxide membrane by anodization.

A two-step synthetic process is reported to fabricate porous ceria membranes by anodization of cerium metal foils with subsequent calcination. “Ribbon-like” structures were found to form the backbones of these porous frameworks. The hydrophobic nature of these membranes was revealed by water contact angle measurements.
Measuring the Economic Impact of Retirement Migration: The Case of Western North Carolina:

In the fall of 1989, data were collected from a sample of 814 persons who had recently moved into the western North Carolina counties surrounding Asheville. Data on expenditures and assets were collected in a log book, in which individuals were asked to record their daily expenditures in and out of their county of residence for 1 week, along with data on major purchases (residences, vehicles, and durable goods), nonrecurrent expenditures (dues, contributions, travel), and health care expenditures and use. A description and analysis of some of these data, including private and public consequences, is presented. The article concludes with a discussion of the extent to which retirement migration in this context truly represents a net economic gain to the host community.
Role for complement in mediating intestinal nitric oxide synthase-2 and superoxide dismutase expression

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) play an important role in the pathology of ischemia-reperfusion. This study sought to determine if the proinflammatory effects ...
Estimation of intra-operative brain shift using a tracked laser range scanner

Intra-operative brain shift limits the usefulness of image-guided neurosurgery systems (IGNS), which are based on pre-operative images. Methods that are being developed to address this problem need intra-operative measurements as input. In this work, we present an intra-operative surface shift measurement technique that relies on a tracked 3D laser range scanner. This scanner acquires both 3D range data and 2D images, which are co-registered. We compare two methods to derive displacements at every point in the field of view. The first one relies on the registration of the 2D images; the second relies on the direct 3D registration of the 3D range data. Our results, based on five data sets, show that the 2D method is preferable.
Electrical Potential Changes and Contractile Activity of the Distal Cecum of Turkeys

Abstract Bipolar electrodes and strain gauge transducers were implanted on the distal cecum, ileum, and colon of turkeys in order to describe 1) cecal motility, 2) relationships between cecal, ileal, and colonic motilities, 3) events occurring in these organs during cecal evacuation, and 4) cecal electric slow waves. Two types of contractions were recorded in the cecum: those with low amplitude occurring at 2.6/min (minor) and those with higher amplitude occurring at 1.2/min (major). About one-half of the time the former occurred in coordination with contractions in the colon and ileum at the same frequency but slightly out of phase. Major contractions appeared to be propagated, and aborad propagation was twice as common as orad. Accumulation of ingesta in the cecal tip was apparently prevented by contractions arising in the distal cecum and moving orad having a much greater amplitude than those moving aborad. As many as six or seven major contractions occurred during the last 2 min prior to cecal evacuation; one or two similar high amplitude contractions occurred in the ileum and colon at this time. Electric slow waves were rarely recorded in the ceca.
Commentary Paper on "Foreground Object Detection Using Two Successive Images"

This paper describes a simple and novel algorithm for detecting foreground objects in video sequences using just two consecutive frames. The method isdivided in three layers: the perceptual layer detects regions of interest by looking for pixels whose values change significantly between the two frames. The memory layer allows for the detection of objects that may become stationary (these objects are added to the background after a period of time). The perceptual layer builds on information from the perceptual layer and from the previous iteration's memory layer to extract the actual foreground objects. Background edges are detected and removed first, followed by a level-set method that shrinks the boundary of the region of interest to the boundary of the object. The method is tested on a variety of sequences taken with different cameras in different environments, and obtains very good results.
On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest

For the beat generation of the 1940s and 1950s, dissertation time is here. Magazine and newspaper critics have gotten in their jabs. Now scholars are starting to analyze the literature and legacy of the beat writers. In the last few years biographers have lined up to interpret the lives of Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs, and publishers have rushed into print a host of beat journals, letters, memoirs, and anthologies. The most recent Dictionary of Literary Biography devotes two large volumes to sixty-seven beat writers, including Neal Cassady, Herbert Huncke, Gary Snyder, Gregory Corso, John Clellon Holmes, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Philip Lamantia, Peter Orlovsky, Michael McClure, and Philip Whalen.
States in P-29 via the S-32 (p, alpha) P-29 reaction

$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles from the $^{32}\mathrm{S}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})$ reaction were momentum analyzed with our 100-cm modified broad range magnetic spectrograph to determine accurate excitation energies in $^{29}\mathrm{P}$. Runs were taken at laboratory observation angles of 60, 90, and 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} using protons with nominal bombarding energies of 15 and 16 MeV. Five previously unreported levels in $^{29}\mathrm{P}$ were identified at 4.6406 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0030, 5.0473 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0032, 5.5827 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0035, 5.7155 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0036, and 5.8259 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0048 MeV. Comparisons are made both with theoretical level calculations and the level structure of the conjugate nucleus $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$. A Breit-Wigner shape was used to fit the group at 4.3371 MeV; the width of this level was determined to be 48.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.5 keV.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{32}\mathrm{S}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})$ ${E}_{p}=15 \mathrm{and} 16$ MeV; ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}=60, 90, \mathrm{and} 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. Measured excitation energies; deduced five previously unreported levels below 6 MeV.
Roundtable Discussion: Successfully Applying for Faculty Positions at Various Types of Institutions

Graduate students and other scholars seeking faculty positions will benefit from insights of tenured professors who have worked at a variety of types of institutions. The professors will provide insights on preparing for the job market, searching for positions, applying, the interview process, and negotiating positions. Attendees will be able to have questions answered and plan for success on the academic job market.
Dont Dis Our Abilities

No one questions the need to provide equal employment opportunities for people. Yet, often out of ignorance, employers and co-workers create a discouraging if not hostile environment for people with disabilities. Those who prepare students to enter positions in Human Resources are in positions to make a difference, The authors offer statistics, suggestions and encouragement for the creation of an even playing people for all people who wish to pursue employment opportunities and self sufficiency. We challenge those who teach to continue their leadership in creating attitudinal and behavioral changes.
Panniculitis With Necrotizing Granulomata in a Patient on BRAF Inhibitor (Dabrafenib) Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma

Abstract:There have been major developments in targeted therapeutics with the clinical development of selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) for patients with metastatic BRAF V600E mutant melanoma. Objective response rate of almost 50% has been witnessed in BRAFi clinical trials. Frequent side effects ra
Hypofractionated ablative radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

The role of radiation in locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is controversial. Randomized trials evaluating standard doses of chemoradiation have not shown a significant benefit from the use of consolidative radiation. Results from non-randomized studies of 3-5-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been similar to standard chemoradiation, but with less toxicity and a shorter treatment time. Doses of SBRT have been reduced to subablative levels for the sake of tolerability. The benefit of both options is unclear. In contrast, ablative doses can be delivered using an SBRT technique in 15-28 fractions. The keys to the delivery of ablative doses are computed tomography (CT) image guidance and respiratory gating. Higher doses have resulted in encouraging long-term survival results. In this review, we present a comprehensive solution to achieving ablative doses for selected patients with pancreatic tumors by using a combination of classical, modern and novel concepts of radiotherapy: fractionation, CT image guidance, respiratory gating, intentional dose heterogeneity, and simultaneous integrated protection.
"Innovations and Implementation in Health Care: Understanding People, Technology & Process Changes"

This symposium brings together four papers that highlight the importance of relationships in maintaining employee morale, engaging patients, understanding how to support different types of changes, and ensuring that those changes are widely used. The first paper focuses on teams as the innovation and the vehicle through which quality and process improvements can occur. The second paper introduces a new type of team member, the user, who changes the types of innovations available to the team. The third paper looks at process innovations and also considers teams (diverse staff teams) as facilitators of change, comparing their influence to management’s for different types of changes. The fourth paper builds on the observation that those in leadership positions play a critical role in implementing change; it examines how opinion leaders’ characteristics and behaviors impact change. Innovating Through Team-Based Care in Primary Care Settings Presenter: Hummy Song; Harvard U. Presenter: Alyna T Chien; Harvard U...
Acute and subacute glomerulonephritis modified by adrenocorticotropin.

Summary, results and conclusionsTwo patients with subacute glomerulonephritis and one associated with rheumatic heart disease, with acute glomerulonephritis, were treated with adrenocorticotropin. In the first 2 cases hematuria was abolished or reduced to an occasional erythrocyte in the passed specimen. Azotemia and hypertension were reduced. In the second patient the improvement in blood pressure and nitrogen retention was maintained for the 7 weeks elapsing since the experimental period; however, hematuria recurred shortly after the discontinuation of treatment. In the first, follow-up studies performed 8 months after treatment showed a normal blood pressure, absence of blood in the urine but a slight increase in the blood urea and non-protein nitrogen.Because of the relatively short duration of the disease in the third patient, less significance is attributed to the abatement after administration of ACTH.It is concluded that hematuria, azotemia and hypertension associated with the active phases of glo...
Books for Litigators and Other Oddities

This article discusses trial practice literature published by major legal publishers, and by organizations like National Institute for Trial Advocacy (NITA) and the American Bar Association’s Section of Litigation. New lawyers can find books that answer elementary questions like where to sit and when to speak to books that lay out an entire trial from initial interview to post-trial jury interviews. Veteran attorneys can read practical advice about topics as diverse as the use of theater tip in trials to trial advocacy in child advocacy cases. In addition, there are practical guides for using technology, creating good client relationships, managing one’s time and resources, and staying healthy in a difficult profession.
Relationship between Conductivity, Ion Diffusion, and Transference Number in Perfluoropolyether Electrolytes

Connecting continuum-scale ion transport properties such as conductivity and cation transference number to microscopic transport properties such as ion dissociation and ion self-diffusivities is an unresolved challenge in characterizing polymer electrolytes. Better understanding of the relationship between microscopic and continuum scale transport properties would enable the rational design of improved electrolytes for applications such as lithium batteries. We present measurements of continuum and microscopic ion transport properties of nonflammable liquid electrolytes consisting of binary mixtures of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) with different end groups: diol, dimethyl carbonate, ethoxy–diol, and ethoxy–dimethyl carbonate. The continuum properties, conductivity and cation transference number, were measured by ac impedance spectroscopy and potentiostatic polarization, respectively. The ion self-diffusivities were measured by pulsed field gradient nuc...
302 CIDOFOVIR THERAPY REDUCES GAMMAHERPESVIRUS (MHV68)-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN INTERFERON-GAMMA RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT MICE.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disorder of unknown cause. Several studies demonstrate an association between pulmonary infection with the herpesvirus, EBV, and IPF. Based on those observations, we have developed a mouse model in which interferon-gamma receptor-deficient (IFNgR 2/2 ) mice infected with herpesvirus develop lung fibrosis that progresses up to at least 180 days after initial infection (AJP Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289:L711). The purpose of this study was to determine whether antiviral treatment given in this model after infection but before maximal fibrosis would alter progressive lung fibrogenesis. The antiviral agent chosen, cidofovir, is effective at clearing lytic, but not latent, virus. The lungs of IFNgR 2/2 mice were infected with MHV68 by nasal sniff. After 45 days, mice were treated with 7.5 mg/kg cidofovir (or saline) ip weekly for 4 months and then sacrificed 150-180 days after initial infection. Although antiviral-treated animals had persistent lymphocytic infiltrates in subpleural and perivascular areas of the lung, they had significantly less pulmonary fibrosis than controls, reflected in a significant reduction in lung collagen deposition. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from antiviral-treated animals had lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNg, IL-6, and TNFa as well as the Th2 cytokine IL-5. BAL levels of the monocyte chemokines MIP1 a and MCP-1 were also lower after antiviral treatment. Decreased fibrosis with cidofovir treatment was associated with lower lung expression of TGFb and fibronectin and lower lung MMP-9 activity. We conclude that eliminating active replication of herpesvirus in the lung prevents progressive fibrosis in this model and that the persistence of mild inflammatory changes may be due to persistent latent infection. We speculate that antiviral therapy might be therapeutic in humans with IPF and lung herpesvirus infection by preventing progressive fibrosis. Funded by ALA Dalsemer Research Grant and McKelvey Lung Transplantation Center.
Introduction: The Neglected Postwar Period

The period between the end of World War II and the emergence of the contemporary gay rights movement around 1970 has long been neglected by historians of same-sex desire. Scholars have devoted much time to the nineteenth century, which witnessed the rise of sexological investigations into homosexuality and the appearance of some of the earliest opponents of the sodomy laws. The nineteenth century also allows for a consideration of the fascinating question of the place of same-sex desire in a society that was only beginning to be affected by modern scientific conceptions of homosexuality. The early twentieth century, on the other hand, holds out the lure of the vibrant Bohemian scenes located in Berlin, New York, Paris, and London, as well as the fascinating material produced by the early homosexual movement. The 1930s and 1940s raise questions about the relationship between state power and sexual regulation in the context of totalitarian regimes and world war. German historians of the gay past have inevitably been drawn to the Nazi era, which offers the archetypal story of homosexual repression in the modern era and, at the same time, intriguing hints of homoeroticism within the movement. And for gay scholars interested in a more recent topic, the events surrounding the birth of the contemporary gay rights movement after the Stonewall riots of 1969 provide ample material.
Late Archaic Occupation of the Upper Bajada: Excavations at AZ AA: 12:84 (ASM), Tucson Basin

ABSTRACTAlthough recent research on the Late Archaic occupation of the Tucson Basin has focused primarily on floodplain agricultural villages, sites in the upper bajada (foothills) also played an important role in Late Archaic exploitation of this region. Fieldwork at a small campsite, AZ AA: 12: 84 (ASM), in the Tortolita Mountain upper bajada, adds to the limited data base on the occupation of this environmental zone. This paper presents the results of excavations at AZ AA: 12: 84 (ASM), discusses Late Archaic exploitation of the upper bajada, and examines the role of upper bajada sites in the Late Archaic settlement system. The site apparently represents short-term use of this zone for obtaining upper bajada resources, illustrating that Late Archaic groups in the Tucson Basin maintained some level of mobility despite the growing significance of the floodplain in Late Archaic land-use patterns.
Positive and Normative Theories of Government

Any discussion of government naturally points toward normative issues because government is the product of collective choice. In the preceding chapters, theories of governments, rights, and individuals’ relationships with each other and their governments were all discussed, but primarily in a positive setting that did not evaluate the desirability of these institutions. Factors that give the government an image of legitimacy were examined also, but from the standpoint of determining whether governments actually would be viewed as legitimate, rather than whether they should be viewed as legitimate. If the exchange model of government that has served as the foundation for the preceding discussion is valid, then at least to some degree the resulting government is a product of the collective choice of the governed. Constitutional rules are produced through some type of collective choice process, so normative issues are always present in the form of examining whether better constitutional rules could be developed. This chapter looks at the link between positive and normative theories of government.1
Reduced-order modeling of fluid–structure interaction and vortex-induced vibration systems using an extension of Jourdain׳s principle

Abstract A first-principles variational approach is proposed for reduced-order modeling of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) systems, specifically vortex-induced vibration (VIV). FSI has to be taken into account in the design and analysis of many engineering applications, yet a comprehensive theoretical development where analytical equations are derived from first principles is nonexistent. An approach where Jourdain׳s principle is modified and extended for FSI is used to derive reduced-order models from an extended variational formulation where assumptions are explicitly stated. Two VIV models are considered: an elastically supported, inverted pendulum and a translating cylinder, both immersed in a flow and allowed to move transversely to the flow direction. Their reduced-order models are obtained in the form of (i) a single governing equation and (ii) two general coupled equations as well as the coupled lift-oscillator model. Comparisons are made with three existing models. Based on our theoretical results, and especially the reduced-order model, we conclude that the first principles development herein is a viable framework for the modeling of complex fluid–structure interaction problems such as vortex-induced oscillations.
Analysis of a Decoupled Time-Stepping Scheme for Evolutionary Micropolar Fluid Flows

Micropolar fluid model consists of Navier-Stokes equations and microrotational velocity equations describing the dynamics of flows in which microstructure of fluid is important. In this paper, we propose and analyze a decoupled time-stepping algorithm for the evolutionary micropolar flow. The proposed method requires solving only one uncoupled Navier-Stokes and one microrotation subphysics problem per time step. We derive optimal order error estimates in suitable norms without assuming any stability condition or time step size restriction.
Global Climate Change—The Geologically Immediate PastOpen image in new window

The deglaciation from the Last Glacial Maximum started about 18,000 years ago. It was essentially completed about 7,000 years ago, marked by the end of 11,000 years of sea level rise.
Social Media Campaigning: Mobilization and Fundraising on Facebook†

Objective We investigate why certain candidates for the U.S. Senate are more likely to use social media for mobilization and fundraising. Methods Through content analysis of nearly 15,000 Facebook posts made by candidates for the U.S. Senate, we examine how candidate and campaign characteristics shape social media use. Results We find this type of campaigning is most common among challengers and Tea Party candidates who lack the name recognition and resources of more established candidates. Additionally, race characteristics, such as competitiveness and the relative positioning of candidates, influence social media posting strategies, with candidates in competitive races and candidates trailing their opponent more actively engaging in social media campaigning. Conclusions While nearly all candidates engage in some level of campaigning on social media, candidates in competitive races, challengers, and underdog candidates adopt these types of strategies most frequently on Facebook.
Improved Multitrack Detection With Hybrid 2-D Equalizer and Modified Viterbi Detector

Increasing track density in magnetic recording systems increases inter-track interference (ITI). One way to handle the increased ITI is to apply 2-D equalization to the signals from multiple tracks. Usually the equalizer coefficients and the corresponding partial response (PR) targets are fixed after training using a pseudo-random bit sequence. We denote such an equalizer as a fixed equalizer. In this paper, we propose and investigate a variable 2-D equalizer for bit patterned media recording (BPMR). In the proposed approach, the equalizer coefficients and corresponding PR targets vary with ITI patterns. These variable equalizer coefficients are determined and stored by training with sequences representing different ITI patterns. In the proposed approach for BPMR, during data detection, these variable equalizer coefficients and corresponding PR targets are embedded into the parallel branches of a modified Viterbi (MV) detector in response to estimated ITI patterns. We term this new approach as V2DEMV [i.e., variable 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector] algorithm. Furthermore, we propose to simplify the implementation of the V2DEMV algorithm by identifying the survivor branch among the branches corresponding to the dominant erroneous ITI patterns. Then this survivor branch and other branches corresponding to remaining possible ITI patterns are processed by an F2DEMV (i.e., fixed 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector) algorithm to estimate the bits. We term this reduced-complexity approach as an H2DEMV (i.e., hybrid 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector) algorithm. Our simulations indicate that for both two readers detecting two tracks and three readers detecting three tracks, at target bit error rate of $10^{-3}$ , the proposed H2DEMV algorithm can provide noticeable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains compared to F2DE1DV algorithm (i.e., fixed 2-D equalizer with 1-D PR target followed by 1-D Viterbi detector) and F2DEMV algorithm.
Family Mealtimes and Family Functioning

ABSTRACTThis study contributes to the existing research literature by assessing how the frequency of family mealtimes correlates with family communication and life satisfaction. Participants consisted of 50 families from the Southeastern United States. Parent and child participants completed measures assessing frequency of family mealtime, family communication, and family satisfaction. Results indicated that, based on parent-report, the frequency of all family members eating dinner together was significantly and positively correlated with both family communication and family satisfaction. Implications of findings highlight the importance of encouraging regular mealtime interactions among families.
Relativism of Authenticity: Consumption and Production of Israeli National Dances Outside of Israel

AbstractRelying on historic and ethnographic fieldwork, this article traces the development of the Israeli folk dance movement in Israel and the United States over the last century. Israeli folk dances are consumed worldwide and especially by American Jewry precisely because they are perceived as an authentic expression of national Israeli culture, even as their authenticity is continuously contested and re-evaluated in different historical and cultural contexts and by various actors who engage in their preservation and re-creation. The result is an intricate articulation of an ideological and rhetorical debate on authenticity, which reveals its relativistic character and sheds light on the cultural negotiation of identity between Israeli and American Jewry.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Low Density Fibrous Ceramics

In order to ensure a minimum strength for the low density fibrous tiles to be used in the thermal protection system of the Space Shuttle an NDE test that uses sonic velocity measurements to predict strength has been developed. The empirical correlation between strength and sonic velocity which is the basis of this test, is shown to be consistent with a previously developed micro-mechanical model. The model is reviewed and is shown to describe the fracture behavior of these fibrous materials regardless of their density or testing direction. Measurement of the density and sonic velocity in these materials allows Young’s modulus to be calculated and as low modulus materials tend to have low fracture toughness and strength, they can be eliminated by this test.
Computer-assisted detection of tardus parvus waveforms on Doppler ultrasound.

ObjectiveTo determine if a novel computer-generated metric, effective acceleration time, improves accuracy for detecting tardus parvus waveforms on spectral Doppler ultrasound.MethodsPatients with ...
FASTCF: FPGA-based Accelerator for STochastic-Gradient-Descent-based Collaborative Filtering

Sparse matrix factorization using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a popular technique for deriving latent features from observations. SGD is widely used for Collaborative Filtering (CF), itself a well-known machine learning technique for recommender systems. In this paper, we develop an FPGA-based accelerator, FASTCF, to accelerate the SGD-based CF algorithm. FASTCF consists of parallel, pipelined processing units which concurrently process distinct user ratings by accessing a shared on-chip buffer. We design FASTCF through a holistic analysis of the specific design challenges for the acceleration of SGD-based CF on FPGA. Based on our analysis of these design challenges, we develop a bipartite graph processing approach with a novel 3-level hierarchical partitioning scheme that enables conflict-minimizing scheduling and processing of on-chip feature vector data to significantly accelerate the processing of this bipartite graph. First, we develop a fast heuristic to partition the input graph into induced subgraphs; this enables FASTCF to efficiently buffer vertex data for reuse and completely hide communication overhead. Second, we partition all the edges of each subgraph into matchings to extract the maximum parallelism. Third, we schedule the execution of the edges inside each matching to reduce concurrent memory access conflicts to the shared on-chip buffer. Compared with non-optimized baseline designs, the hierarchical partitioning approach results in up to 60x data dependency reduction, 4.2x bank conflict reduction, and 15.4x speedup. We implement FASTCF based on state-of-the-art FPGA and evaluate its performance using three large real-life datasets. Experimental results show that FASTCF sustains a high throughput of up to 217 billion floating-point operations per second (GFLOPS). Compared with state-of-the-art multi-core and GPU implementations, FASTCF demonstrates 13.3x and 12.7x speedup, respectively.
Technical Note: Scintillation well counters and particle counting digital autoradiography devices can be used to detect activities associated with genomic profiling adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained after a low activity 18 F-FDG injection.

Purpose Genomic profiling of biopsied tissue is the basis for precision cancer therapy. However, biopsied materials may not contain sufficient amounts of tumor deoxyribonucleonic acid needed for the analysis. We propose a method to determine the adequacy of specimens for performing genomic profiling by quantifying their metabolic activity. Methods We estimated the average density of tumor cells in biopsy specimens needed to successfully perform genomic analysis following the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) protocol from the minimum amount of deoxyribonucleonic acid needed and the volume of tissue typically used for analysis. The average 18 F-FDG uptake per cell was assessed by incubating HT-29 adenocarcinoma tumor cells in 18 F-FDG containing solution and then measuring their activity with a scintillation well counter. Consequently, we evaluated the response of two devices around the minimum expected activities which would indicate genomic profiling adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained under 18 F-FDG PET/CT guidance. Surrogate samples obtained using 18G core needle biopsies of gels containing either 18 F-FDG-loaded cells in the expected concentrations or the corresponding activity were measured using autoradiography and a scintillation well counter. Autoradiography was performed using a CCD-based device with real-time image display as well as with digital autoradiography imaging plates following a 30-min off-line protocol for specimen activity determination against previously established calibration. Results Cell incubation experiments and estimates obtained from quantitative autoradiography of biopsy specimens (QABS) indicate that specimens acquired under 18 F-FDG PET/CT guidance that contained the minimum amount of cells needed for genomic profiling would have an average activity concentration in the range of about 3 to about 9 kBq/mL. When exposed to specimens with similar activity concentration, both a CCD-based autoradiography device and a scintillation well counter produced signals with sufficient signal-to-background ratio for specimen genomic adequacy identification in less than 10 min, which is short enough to allow procedure guidance. Conclusion Scintillation well counter measurements and CCD-based autoradiography have adequate sensitivity to detect the tumor burden needed for genomic profiling during 18 F-FDG PET/CT-guided 18G core needle biopsies of liver adenocarcinoma metastases.
Influences of maternal nutrient restriction and arginine supplementation on visceral metabolism and hypothalamic circuitry of offspring.

Abstract Maternal nutrient restriction during gestation can exert long-term negative effects on offspring health and performance. Arginine supplementation may rescue some of the negative effects elicited by maternal nutrient restriction. We tested the hypothesis that maternal arginine supplementation during gestation would rescue deleterious effects of nutrient restriction on in vitro O2 consumption in the liver and jejunum and hypothalamic protein expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and the colocalization of nNOS and active phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) in female offspring. Multiparous ewes were assigned to dietary treatment at 54 d of gestation: 100% of requirements (Con), 60% of control (Res), or Res plus rumen-protected arginine (Res-Arg; 180 mg/kg). At parturition, offspring were immediately removed from their dam and placed on a common diet. At 54 ± 4 d of age, female lambs (n = 6 per treatment) were weighed, the liver and jejunum were weighed, and samples were collected for in vitro measurement of O2 consumption. The hypothalamus was collected to determine protein expression of POMC, NPY, AgRP, and nNOS, and the colocalization of nNOS and pSTAT3 (n = 3, 4, and 4 for Con, Res, and Res-Arg, respectively). Hepatic consumption of O2 in vitro (mol/min/liver) was decreased (P = 0.04) in the Res and Res-Arg group compared with Con. Intensity of staining for NPY-containing fibers tended to decrease (P = 0.10) in Res and Res-Arg compared with Con. Number of POMC neuronal cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus decreased (P ≤ 0.03) in the Res group compared with Res-Arg. These observations demonstrate that maternal nutrient restriction decreases energy utilization in the liver and number of POMC cells in the ARC of offspring. Supplementation of arginine to the gestating ewe failed to influence hepatic use of energy in lambs from Res ewes. Numbers of POMC-containing cells were increased in the ARC in lambs from ewes restricted to 60% of nutritional requirements and supplemented with rumen-protected arginine, potentially influencing feeding behavior and hepatic energy metabolism.
National Report: Uruguay

In the Uruguayan legal system, marriage is monogamous and intended exclusively for heterosexual couples. Even though lawmakers have not criminalized marriage between people of the same sex, the doctrine is unanimous in considering that sexual diversity is a component of the bond. The non-existent theory of marriage, created by doctrine, albeit with legal support, allows us to solve questions where it is not possible to maintain the existence of a valid and effective marriage bond, but for which lawmakers have not provided the sanction of annulment either. On the basis that annulments can only be carried out by law, in specific cases in which it is inadmissible to maintain the presence of a marriage (e.g. between people of the same sex or people who do not have the necessary authorization to celebrate it), the doctrine found that nonexistence was a convenient formula in order to avoid deploying legal effects, with connotations much more serious than an annulled marriage. The non-existent marriage is not a marriage and, therefore, it does result in a putative bond (Art. 208 of the Uruguayan Civil Code, hereinafter U.C.C.); it is irremediable and an extensive active authentication process exists in order to obtain a court decision that states this condition. On the other hand, in contrast to annulled heterosexual marriages, the children of this relationship do not receive legitimate status (Art. 210). Also, a child born of such a marriage partnership does not prevent one of the partners of the thwarted bond from claiming paternal rights against the other partner, alleging the existence of a de facto relationship or the presence of baseless enrichment. Even so, Act No. 18,620, of October 25, 2009, establishes a series of rules relating to gender identity, intended for the registration of modification and adaptation of name and gender on identification
Establishing Cross-Cultural Connections in the Classroom

In this paper I will describe my presentation at the 1991 ISAGA conference. This session demonstrated how role-plays based on contemporary videos or critical incidents can be used for increasing cultural awareness and generating communication in a variety of learning situations.
On the Thickness Limitation for Euler Buckling

Classical Euler buckling is studied within the context of finite elasticity theory. The condition for stable bifurcation deformations to exist in a plate of general incompressible elastic material is derived; and an asymptotic expansion in terms of the plate’s aspect ratio (thickness/height) is obtained. The comparable exact and asymptotic analyses for a plate of neo-Hookean material yield specific numerical values for the limiting aspect ratio which differ by about 6%. Further results show that the neo-Hookean case captures the essential features of Euler buckling for a wide class of elastic materials.