cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Government Regulation and Religious Broadcasting in the Matter of PTL/WJAN

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a decision in the controversial PTL/WJAN case in December 1982.1 The case centered on charges of fraudulent fund raising by Rev. Jim Bakker, the host of "The PTL (Praise the Lord) Club," a popular religious television program. The matter's eventual resolution resulted in sharp divisions of opinion among the seven FCC commissioners. Persons from outside the Commission as well argued that elements of the PTL/ WJAN decision represented an unprecedented departure from FCC policy. Disputes over policy interpretation and application aside, the matter, viewed by some as representing a blatant intrusion by a government agency into the private affairs of a religious organization, also appeared to create a serious constitutional dilemma. This essay examines the substance of arguments and their implications arising from PTL/ WJAN and the dynamics of decision making at the FCC, particularly as it regards religious broadcasting.
The Symbolic Meanings of Physical Boundaries: The F Street Wall

When a wall was constructed in West Las Vegas, Nevada, as part of an interstate expansion project, residents on both sides of the wall interpreted its meanings differently. For the predominantly Af...
Contributions of Plant Pest Control Programs The Need For Careful Consideration Of Each Pest

It is believed that all would agree that it is better to live without rather than with any additional. pests regardless of whether effective biological or chemical control methods may be developed. The American public, particularly the farmer, needs no additional taxes in the form of costs associated with the control of and damage caused by new pests. The public, in the final analysis, pays for any increased production costs.
Effects of surgically induced weight loss on urinary bladder pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity co-morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on intra-abdominal pressure at one year, reflected in urinary bladder pressure, central obesity, measured by sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity co-morbidity. DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomized trial. SETTING: University Hospital, Operating Room, In-patient, Outpatient Clinics. SUBJECTS: Gastric bypass in 15 severely obese patients. MEASUREMENTS: Patients underwent pre-operative assessment of weight, body mass index (BMI), co-morbid history, urinary bladder pressure and sagittal abdominal diameter. Patients were reassessed one year after gastric bypass with repeat measurement of weight, bladder pressure, and sagittal abdominal diameter and assessment of co-morbidity. RESULTS: There were significant (P<0.001) decreases in weight (140±8–87±6 kg), BMI (52±3–33±2 kg/m2), sagittal abdominal diameter (32±1–20±2 cm), urinary bladder pressure (17±2–10±1 cm H2O) and obesity related problems per patient (2.9±0.4–1±0.2) one year after gastric bypass, with 69±4% loss of excess weight. CONCLUSIONS: Increased sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure which contributes to obesity related co-morbidity. Weight loss following gastric bypass decreases abdominal pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity co-morbidity.
Adverse Authority: Rationales and Methods for Using it to Strengthen Legal Argument

"Much of the literature on the ethics of legal advocacy focuses on a 'you should because you are supposed to' argument." However, this analysis focuses on disclosing and confronting adverse authority to help an attorney win her case. The paper ends with three specific writing techniques to employ in "grappling with" adverse authority: A) highlighting inconsistent rule statements; B) distinguishing and synthesizing cases on their facts and holdings, and C) using procedural posture and policy arguments.This paper also identifies and discusses ethical rules for attorneys directed to obligations to disclose adverse facts and adverse authority in legal argument. It further discusses mental resistance and sells "the benefits of candor." The topic of the strengths inherit in the use of adverse authority had no fully explored in the scholarship in 1999, and is still under-discussed in the literature, as of 2008.
Technical Analysis and Design Concept of DC Distribution System

Nowadays,distribution systems are facing challenges such as: increasing operation efficiency,enhancing service reliability,improving power quality and safe-interconnecting distributed generations,which on the other hand,provide new developing opportunities for distributing technology.A direct current(DC) distribution system is proposed to try to resolve the issues.The basic principle and technology characteristics of DC distribution system are summarized and some of its key technologies and feasibility are analyzed.An electronic power transformer-based multi-level DC distribution system concept is proposed.As a case study,a concrete low voltage DC distribution system for residential application is designed in detailed and is demonstrated by simulation.
Adaptations to chronic rapamycin in mice

Rapamycin inhibits mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) that promotes protein production in cells by facilitating ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) and eIF4E-mediated 5’cap mRNA translation. Chronic treatment with encapsulated rapamycin (eRapa) extended health and life span for wild-type and cancer-prone mice. Yet, the long-term consequences of chronic eRapa treatment are not known at the organ level. Here, we report our observations of chronic eRapa treatment on mTORC1 signaling and RiBi in mouse colon and visceral adipose. As expected, chronic eRapa treatment decreased detection of phosphorylated mTORC1/S6K substrate, ribosomal protein (rpS6) in colon and fat. However, in colon, contrary to expectations, there was an upregulation of 18S rRNA and some ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) suggesting increased RiBi. Among RPGs, eRapa increases rpl22l1 mRNA but not its paralog rpl22 . Furthermore, there was an increase in the cap-binding protein, eIF4E relative to its repressor 4E-BP1 suggesting increased translation. By comparison, in fat, there was a decrease in the level of 18S rRNA (opposite to colon), while overall mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein genes appeared to increase, including rpl22 , but not rpl22l1 (opposite to colon). In fat, there was a decrease in eIF4E relative to actin (opposite to colon) but also an increase in the eIF4E/4E-BP1 ratio likely due to reductions in 4E-BP1 at our lower eRapa dose (similar to colon). Thus, in contrast to predictions of decreased protein production seen in cell-based studies, we provide evidence that colon from chronically treated mice exhibited an adaptive ‘pseudo-anabolic’ state, which is only partially present in fat, which might relate to differing tissue levels of rapamycin, cell-type-specific responses, and/or strain differences. Keywords : mTORC1; rapamycin; translation; ribosome biogenesis (Published: 27 May 2016) To access the supplementary material for this article, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under ‘Article Tools’). Citation: Pathobiology of Aging & Age-related Diseases 2016, 6 : 31688 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/pba.v6.31688
Applications to Mechanics

This chapter presents three projects related to Newton's law of acceleration, F = ma . The first considers what happens when a real ladder slides down a wall with the base pulled out at constant velocity. The second project considers air resistance for an object falling a long distance with the approximation of a linear force due to the air. Galileo's law written as a second order differential equation can be solved to give an explicit formula for the distance an object has fallen. The third project considers nonlinear air resistance and an elastic force—bungee diving and bridge jumping.
A structurally-characterized zinc 2,5-diiminobenzoquinoid chain compound

Abstract The incorporation of amino-substituted benzoquinoid bridging ligands into extended solids may provide a route to access light-weight metal-organic solids with high-temperature magnetic behavior and electronic conductivity. Reaction of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with 2,5-diamino-3,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (BrLH2) in DMF at 130 °C gave a black crystalline solid of the compound Zn(BrL)(DMF), which features a structure comprised of one-dimensional chains made up of alternating ZnII ions and BrL2− bridging ligands. The preservation of NH groups on BrL2− was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, a suite of spectroscopic measurements, and elemental analysis. To our knowledge, this chain compound represents the first structurally-characterized solid that contains amino-substituted benzoquinoid bridging ligands. Finally, an ambient temperature electronic conductivity value of σ = 1.076(5) × 10−12 S·cm−1 was measured for the chain compound.
Measurement of Tumor Proliferation with Positron Emission Tomography and Treatment Response

While the ultimate goal of cancer treatment is to eliminate all evidence of the tumor’s presence, the more immediate goal of treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, and biological agents is to decrease the tumor’s ability to replicate and increase the death rate of cancer cells. This basis has inspired researchers to design and develop imaging approaches to assess tumor proliferation and, more importantly, a tumor’s response to new treatments. Such approaches, while still in development, may complement the routine imaging of tumor size now done as part of standard clinical care. In general, successful therapy should lead to declines in the size of tumors as reflected by techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1,2). While anatomic imaging is relatively straightforward and readily available, it has a number of limitation. First, it measures the size of the mass, but does not determine the cellularity or growth rate of the tumor. Second, after treatment, the tumor may be left with a fibrotic mass that can persist even after successful treatment. While eventually a mass may decline in size after therapy, this can take many weeks to months for the cells to lyse and finally to be absorbed. Finally, when therapy is unsuccessful, it may take months for the failure of treatment to become apparent, since tumors may grow very slowly. In fact, the doubling time of most tumors is generally from 1 to 3 months (3). It is for these reasons that imaging cell proliferation is attractive to assess treatment response and for potential use to steer or change a course of therapy. This approach to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging may also complement imaging other aspects of tumor metabolism, such as energetics, protein and membrane synthesis, and apoptosis.
High responsivity double-junction CMOS-compatible avalanche photodiode

Double-junction, separate-absorption and multiplication (SAM) CMOS-compatible avalanche photodiode (APD) is proposed and modeled. The two gains are controlled independently. The zero-bias responsivities were calculated to be 0.25 A/W at 450 nm and 0.38 A/W at 635 nm, respectively, with a constant illumination of 10 mW/cm2.
Radiographic parameters in predicting outcome of patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with bevacizumab.

e19009 Background: Bevacizumab has increased survival in NSCLC patients (pts) when added to standard chemotherapy. However, whether radiographic features at baseline and/or post-treatment can predi...
Overview of Drug Treatment

As the history of medicine goes, the drug treatment of psychiatric outpatients is a comparatively new topic. Before the modern era of pharmacotherapy blossomed around the midpoint of this century, psychiatrists and other physicians had a few classes of drugs available that could serve mostly as adjuncts to various nonbiological approaches. Sedatives—such as barbiturates, bromides, and chloral hydrate—could assist in promoting sleep and could sometimes produce temporary relief of anxiety; stimulants might prompt a temporary surge in energy and sometimes a boost in spirits; but for the most part, psychiatry could expect little help from the pharmacopoeia.
Impact of Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy and Immediate Reconstruction on Health-Related Quality of Life in Women at High Risk for Breast Carcinoma: Results of the Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium Study

Although bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) can reduce the risk of breast cancer, the decision to proceed surgically can have significant consequences and requires careful deliberation. To facilitate decision making for women at high risk for breast carcinoma, the risks and benefits of BPM should be well-elucidated. We sought to determine the effects of BPM and immediate reconstruction on health-related quality-of-life outcomes among a multisite cohort of women at high risk for breast carcinoma. Patient-reported outcome data were prospectively collected as part of the Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium Study, and data on a subgroup of 204 high-risk women who elected to have BPM and immediate reconstruction were evaluated. Baseline scores were compared with scores at 1 or 2 years after reconstruction. Satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial well-being were significantly higher at both 1 and 2 years (p < 0.01); however, anxiety was significantly lower at 1 or 2 years (p < 0.01) and physical well-being of the chest and upper body was significantly worse at 1 year (p < 0.01). Our results highlight the impact of BPM and immediate reconstruction on health-related quality-of-life outcomes in this setting. BPM and reconstruction can result in significant, positive, lasting changes in a woman’s satisfaction with her breasts, as well as her psychosocial well-being. Furthermore, presurgery anxiety was significantly reduced by 1 year post-reconstruction and remained reduced at 2 years. With this knowledge, women at high risk for breast carcinoma, and their providers, will be better equipped to make the best individualized treatment decisions.
Social movement coalitions: Formation, longevity, and success

Social movements rely on coalitions to help mobilize the mass numbers of people necessary for success. In this article, we review the literature on social movement coalition formation, longevity, and success. We identify five factors critical to coalition formation: (a) social ties; (b) conducive organizational structures; (c) ideology, culture, and identity; (d) the institutional environment; and (e) resources. Next, we explore the extent to which coalition survival is influenced by these same factors and argue that emergent properties of the coalition, such as commitment and trust, also facilitate longevity. Our review of the literature reveals that two factors specific to coalitions influence their success: coalition form and the nature of institutional targets. Interaction, communication technology, and the availability of physical and virtual spaces that facilitate communication are themes that run throughout our discussion, as they undergird many of the elements that shape coalition formation and survival. We conclude by evaluating the state of the research area and suggesting directions for further research.
Microfluidic print-to-synthesis enabled combinatorial peptide microarray for cancer targeting

This paper reports our newly developed microfluidic print-to-screen (MPS) platform and its application for synthesizing combinatorial peptide on PEG microdisc array. The MPS platform possesses several distinct features including easy operation, free of contamination, multiplexibility, low cost, high throughput and array density. The performance of the MPS system is characterized and, as proof of concept, a tetrapeptide library was constructed with an array density of 2560 spots/slide using the MPS approach. The library was screened for ligands targeting α4β1 integrin overexpressed on tumor cell plasma membranes. Repeatable outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of the MPS platform, as well as identification of positive sequences that actively bind to tumor cells.
Syringe Exchange Programs: Lowering the Transmission of Syringe-Borne Diseases and Beyond

Abstract OBJECTIVE: This chapter attempts to describe the factors influencing the transmission of syringe-born viruses, to review the effects of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in terms of these factors, and to explore the gamut of health-promoting activities of SEPs. RESULTS: The chapter is divided into six sections: biological factors in syringe-borne viral transmission, behavior and viral transmission, quantifying viral transmission, preventing viral transmission, impediments to preventing viral transmission, and research for preventing viral transmission. Understanding how biological and behavioral factors influence transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis builds a framework to investigate the epidemiology and the impact of SEPs on disease transmission. Even under circumstances in which these programs do not appear to be effective, understanding the implications of the biological and behavioral factors can contribute to our understanding of program benefits and limitations. Furthermore, program benefits may not be restricted to direct effects on disease transmission. Many programs offer services to drug injectors that include risk reduction training, facilitated entry into substance abuse treatment, and medical care. CONCLUSIONS: SEPs can reduce the transmission of syringe-borne viruses without increasing illicit drug use. However, lack of resources, acceptance, and consequently, protection of many of those at risk when they are most vulnerable have hampered program effectiveness. New studies need to be designed to explicate the full measure of program benefit within covered communities and identify the means by which SEPs can expand benefit to individuals at greatest risk.
T CELL RECOGNITION OF SYNGENEIC AND ALLOGENEIC H-2 DETERMINANTS

ABSTRACT The ability of T cells to recognize H-2 encoded determinants expressed by subpopulations of lymphoid cells was examined in two different response systems. In the first of these systems, it was demonstrated that (A×B)F 1 –>Parent A chimera helper T cells were able to recognize the H-2 determinants of Parent A , but not Parent B , as measured by the ability of these T cells to cooperate with parental (B + Accessory) cells in primary antibody responses. It was further demonstrated that recognition was for K or I-A encoded determinants expressed on accessory spleen adherent cells (SAC) but not on B cells. In the second system, it was demonstrated that T cells responded in MLR to allogeneic H-2 determinants expressed by SAC, but did not respond to B cell enriched or T cell enriched spleen cell populations.
A Comparison of the Underwater Acoustic Performance of Cymbal-Based Projectors to 1-3 Piezocomposite Materials

The performance of two different ‘cymbal’ actuator-based underwater acoustic projector designs is compared. One projector design is a 101 mm by 101 mm Thin Panel potted in polyurethane. The other is a 152.4 mm by 76.2 mm tungsten-backed flat panel embedded in a syntactic foam frame. Both projector designs are characterized in-air and evaluated in-water. The results of the in-water studies are based on a 100 Watt power supply. Comparing to 1-3 piezocomposite materials with the same radiating area and similar thickness, these cymbal-based projectors appear to be best suited for use at frequencies below 4–5 kHz, with particular emphasis in the 1 kHz range. The cymbal-based devices described in this study are strictly prototypes and are not designed for a specific application. Nevertheless, the results indicate that if the acoustic aperture of these projectors were scaled to the appropriate dimensions, they could meet the design goals of many low frequency Navy applications where source levels > 180 dB from a thin package are desired
An Overview of Glycine-Arginine-Alpha-Ketoisocaproic Acid (GAKIC) in Sports Nutrition

An ergogenic aid for muscle physiology and performance, a glycine and L-arginine salt of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC), has been shown to fill the gap between the short anaerobic energetic benefits of creatine and long-term aerobic benefits imparted by sodium-dependent carbohydrate/rehydration technology. Dynamic high-intensity use of skeletal muscle rapidly leads to fatigue and reductions in muscle force and work, and therefore diminished athletic performance, especially when initiated during the anaerobic phase. The damaging effects which occur during this phase translate into poor long-term training results in athletes, and also impair body-building efforts. Isokinetic dynamometry and cycle ergometry have demonstrated performance benefits of GAKIC in high-intensity training. These benefits are consistent with known metabolic biochemical pathways involving GAKIC components.
Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Networks

One of the most commonly used approaches to obtain polymeric materials with micro- and nanoscale features is the use of polymer blends. The first patent for a polymer blend was filed in 1846 and consisted of a mixture of natural rubber with gutta-percha (T. Hancock, English Patent, No. 11,147). Since then, the increasing demand for improved mechanical and optical properties, as well as the need to control polymerization shrinkage and stress in the plastics industry, has led to tremendous developments in terms of multicomponent polymeric materials [18, 43, 59, 69]. At a molecular level, thermoplastic polymer blends can form homogeneous or heterogeneous structures, in which case nano- or micro-sized domains can be formed. The formation of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, as well as the size of the domains in heterogeneous structures, can be controlled through modifications in the composition or in the processing temperature. Of particular interest are the multiphase systems, where there is a potential for polymeric network structure-related reinforcement to occur. For example, for polystyrene and polybutadiene blends, the polybutadiene phase acts as a toughening agent, decreasing the brittleness of polystyrene [83]. One of the biggest challenges with such blends is determining their miscibility and controlling nano- and micro-phase formation through processing to achieve useful products [1, 24, 25, 70]. There are other, more sophisticated mechanisms of multicomponent system formation including thermosetting materials. Block copolymers can be added to a blend to act as compatibilizers and improve the interaction between incompatible phases [75]. Block copolymers can also be designed to self-assemble upon polymerization of a secondary monomer matrix, forming micelles [52] or other structures [68]. Another approach to achieve heterogeneity is to sequentially or simultaneously polymerize a mixture of monomers, which can be initially miscible or immiscible, polymerizable through a similar or dissimilar mechanism (e.g., radical and cationic) [8, 14, 42]. The inclusion of an inert [74] or functionalized prepolymer phase [50] to a secondary monomer matrix has also been used, with favorable shrinkage and stress outcomes [50]. These heterogeneity formation strategies may give rise to either the copolymerizations or the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), as will be discussed later.
Effects of mixing methods of bifunctional catalysts on catalyst stability of DME synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation

Abstract The effects of three different mixing methods of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) and HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst on the stability for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation were investigated. When the bifunctional catalyst was prepared by method A (mixing powder without pelletization), there was no significant change in DME production and catalyst stability when the HZSM-5 loading was varied between 0.1 g and 0.5 g with a fixed CZA loading of 0.5 g,. When the bifunctional catalysts were prepared by method B (pressed into pellets of CZA and pellets of HZSM-5 and then mixed) and method C (mixed CZA and HZSM-5 powders, then pressed into pellets), the mixing methods did not initially impact CO2 conversion and had a minor effect on DME yield. However, long-term tests (100 h) indicated that the mixing method had a significant influence on the catalyst stability. Method B showed the best stability and the extent of catalyst deactivation followed the sequence of method B
Three Ways of Looking at Dispute Resolution

At the heart of contemporary dispute resolution theory stands the method of interest-based negotiation. The reliance on interests to resolve disputes has been seen by critics over the years as minimizing the protections of legal rights, and as corrosive to concepts of group solidarity. Taking a broader view of dispute resolution reveals three distinct strands of the theory: a liberal, state-centric, rights-based approach; a neoliberal, individualistic, interest-based approach; and an anti-liberal, communitarian, relationship-based approach. The origins of these strands of dispute resolution theory can be located within the political and legal landscape of the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when contemporary dispute resolution theory began to take shape. While the structure of dispute resolution theory (and its privileging of the interest-based framework) continues to reflect the concerns of that era, it no longer speaks to the immediate concerns of the present. Instead, current questions in dispute resolution theory signal growing interest in more relationship-oriented approaches. Developing such approaches requires understanding the tensions inherent in dispute resolution theory, lest the shortcomings of relationship-based theories create new problems for the practice of dispute resolution. This Article charts a path to rethink the foundational structures of dispute resolution theory.
Immediately loaded implants placed with simultaneous sinus lift procedure and cross-arch rehabilitation. A case report after five years

The immediate loading treatment concept in implant dentistry seems to be successful in cases of cross-arch stabilization. This report presents the restoration of an edentulous maxilla using an immediately loaded prosthesis supported by six implants with a progressive thread design placed in poor bone qualities. Specifically, two of these implants were inserted simultaneously after a sinus lift elevation and augmentation of the sinus cavity using autogenous bone grafting material. A cross-arch stabilization using a provisional bridge provided immobilization of the implants until healing. The final restoration was delivered 4 months after loading. The case report presents clinical and radiographic evaluation of the immediately loaded implants with an excellent result 5 years after loading.
Economies of Numbers for A Modular Stranded Gas Processing Network: Modeling And Optimization

Abstract In this paper, we propose a multiperiod optimization model to plan and design a modular processing network for converting stranded gas into gasoline using an intensified gas-to-liquids (GTL) process recently proposed in literature. We give the problem formulation as a Generalized Disjunctive Program (GDP) and model it using the Pyomo algebraic modeling language. The Pyomo.GDP library facilitates native modeling of a GDP problem, followed by an automatic reformulation to a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP). We apply the proposed design strategy to examine the practicality of a modular GTL network in an illustrative production field, and to explore the effect of modular economies of numbers via a learning factor. We find that a modular processing network is profitable at a net present value (NPV) of $4.7 million, with an improved NPV of $14.7 million possible using smaller modules. A further 26% increase in profit is possible by assuming an economies of numbers learning rate of 10%. The optimal module size is sensitive to the learning rate, with a proposed 100 barrels per day module becoming most suitable among the set of available module sizes at a learning rate of 20%. The results show that with increasing technical maturity, modular intensified GTL processes can be economically feasible. Furthermore, for some stranded gas fields, research into even smaller-scale intensified modules may be warranted.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and programmed death‐1 pathway inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma

Advanced renal cell carcinoma has historically carried a poor prognosis with very limited treatment options. However, in recent years, the treatment landscape has changed drastically, with many new therapeutic options and improved survival for patients. Novel treatments consist of molecularly targeted agents against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway as well as the immune checkpoint inhibitors, which stimulate an antitumor immune response. Recent strategy has focused on the development of combination therapy with the use of VEGF inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line setting. As more treatments are approved and the options for therapy expand further, there is a growing need for predictive biomarkers to personalize treatment choices for individual patients. Prospective clinical trials comparing the sequencing of treatments are needed to help determine the best therapeutic approach.
Reading the Mind in Robots: How Theory of Mind Ability Alters Mental State Attributions During Human-Robot Interactions:

This study examined how human-robot interaction is influenced by individual differences in theory of mind ability. Participants engaged in a hallway navigation task with a robot over a number of tr...
A rare childhood case of Behcet's disease and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Background Pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are rare complications of Behcet's disease, especially in pediatric patients. Aims/methods/results/conclusions This case report highlights a presentation of CTEPH in an adolescent with Behcet's disease. A multidisciplinary approach was required for managing this patient's CTEPH, which successfully reversed the patient's pulmonary hypertension.
Service Animals in PreK-12 Schools: Legal and Policy Implications for School Leaders.

Despite increasing animal prevalence in public spaces, few districts have proactively developed policies to integrate assistance, therapy, service, and emotional support animals that are both legal...
The “Jewish Question” in interwar literature: Irène Némirovsky and Károly Pap

Irene Nemirovsky (1903–1942) and Karoly Pap (1897–1945) belong roughly to the same generation, and shared the same fate, dying at a young age in a Nazi concentration camp. Aside from that terrible similarity, many things separated them. But they were both deeply preoccupied with what I am calling the “Jewish question for Jews,” and produced powerful fictional works depicting the individual malaise and the existential dilemmas that characterized the lives of secular or acculturated Jews in Europe in the early twentieth-century. They can both be called “portrayers of conflicted Jewish identity.” I analyze some of their most characteristic works, showing that they shared a highly pessimistic view about the possibilities of Jewish assimilation.
Human Papillomavirus in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives tumorigenesis in a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) and is increasing in prevalence across the world. Mounting evidence suggests HPV is also involved in a subset of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCC), yet small sample sizes and variability of HPV detection techniques in existing literature hinder definitive conclusions. A systematic review was performed by searching literature through March 29th 2020 using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed by two authors independently. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Sixty studies (n = 1449) were eligible for statistical analysis estimating an overall HPV prevalence of 25.5% (95% CI 20.7–31.0). When stratified by HPV detection method, prevalence with multiple substrate testing (20.5%, 95% CI 14.5–28.2) was lower than with single substrate testing (31.7%, 95% CI 23.6–41.1), highest in high-exposure anatomic subsites (nasal cavity and ethmoids) (37.6%, 95% CI 26.5–50.2) vs. low-exposure (15.1%, 95% CI 7.3–28.6) and highest in high HPV+ OPSCC prevalence geographic regions (North America) (30.9%, 95% CI 21.9–41.5) vs. low (Africa) (13.1, 95% CI 6.5–24.5)). While small sample sizes and variability in data cloud firm conclusions, here, we provide a new reference point prevalence for HPV in SNSCC along with orthogonal data supporting a causative role for virally driven tumorigenesis, including that HPV is more commonly found in sinonasal subsites with increased exposure to refluxed oropharyngeal secretions and in geographic regions where HPV+ OPSCC is more prevalent.
Patterns of Surveillance Imaging for Incidentally Detected Ascending Aortic Aneurysms.

Abstract Background Ascending aortic aneurysms (AsAA) remain a silent killer for which timely intervention and surveillance intervals are critical. Despite this, little is known about the follow-up care patients receive after incidental detection of an AsAA. We examined the pattern of surveillance and follow-up care for these high-risk patients. Methods We identified patients at our institution with incidentally detected AsAAs (≥37 mm) between 2013 and 2016. We collected information on patients’ aneurysms and clinical follow-up. Logistic regression models related aneurysm size and demographics to whether patients received follow-up imaging or referral. Results From 2013 to 2016, 261 patients were identified to have incidentally detected AsAAs among the 21,336 computed tomography scans performed at our institution. The median aneurysm size was 4.2 cm (interquartile range, 4 to 4.4). Only 18 (6.9%) of the identified patients were referred to a cardiac surgeon for evaluation, and only 37.9% of the identified patients had a follow-up chest computed tomography scan within 1 year of detection; 34% had an echocardiogram. The median follow-up duration for the study was 5 years. Logistic regression models showed that aneurysm size and family history were significant predictors of whether a patient was referred to a cardiac surgeon (odds ratio 10.34; 95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 47.9), but not whether the patients received follow-up imaging. Conclusions Among 261 patients with incidentally detected AsAAs, only a third received any follow-up imaging within 1 year after detection, with very low clinical penetrance for expert referral. Surveillance of this high-risk patient population appears insufficient and may require standardization.
Technology-Assisted Review: Changing the Discovery Game, Not the Discovery Rules

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, though adept at policing attorney misconduct and discovery failures, have struggled for decades to manage the deluge of potentially discoverable electronic information brought on by the Information Age. The volume of data has threatened to swallow the liberal discovery regime in delays and costs. The development of technology-assisted review (“TAR”) promises to help parties locate relevant documents more accurately and at lower cost than traditional human review. Despite garnering judicial approval, many courts have deterred TAR usage by imposing heightened disclosure requirements on parties who seek to use the technology. This Article argues that the discovery procedures in the existing Rules are well-equipped to handle TAR productions, and that preemptive, elevated disclosure requirements are an ill-advised deviation from the procedures established by the Rules. Rather than requiring preemptive disclosure, courts should encourage the unique opportunities TAR presents to effectively cooperate without sacrificing client privacy.
Love in Modern Japan: Its Estrangement from Self, Sex and Society

This compelling and controversial book places the concept of love in both a social and historical context. Taking an approach in which state formation and vicissitude of power are explicitly taken into account in the discussion of intimacy and love, the author demonstrates that love as idealization and love as sexuality must be kept analytically separate. Chapters include discussions on sexualized rituals and fertility festivals, the murder case of Abe Sada, pure love in Miko and Mako’s tragedy and the 1990s phenomenon of ‘enjokosai’ or aid-date. Combining ethnographic, theoretical and archival research, this text will appeal to scholars of Japanese anthropology, feminist anthropology and gender studies alike.
Effect of end membrane thickness on the strength of frictionless cap and base tests

Considerable effort has been devoted to assessing differences in behavior between the conventional triaxial test (H = 2 to 2½ D) with end restraint and the "frictionless" cap and base test (H = D) with greased end membranes. While it is generally acknowledged that a minimal end membrane thickness is required for a frictionless test on sand to prevent effective bearing of particles through end membranes and into cap and base, it has not been recognized that beyond some optimal thickness a Poisson's effect dominates, causing an artificial reduction in sand strength. Therefore sand strength decreases gradually as end membrane thickness increases, first as end restraint is reduced and then as the Poisson's effect takes over. With the aid of stacks of multiple greased membranes, the optimum end membrane thickness (thickness where end restraint and Poisson's effect are near minimum values and counterbalance each other) can be established and the Poisson's effect avoided. Given that optimum end membrane thickness for the frictionless test on sand varies with sample height and confining pressure as well as particle size, and that the frictionless test requires correction or central measurement of sample deformation (overall deformation includes sand, membranes, extruding grease, etc.), the conventional test is preferable whenever feasible. Certainly the conventional test can be used when strength alone is required, since it yields a strength comparable to that of the frictionless test with optimum end membrane thickness on sand.
The γ-subunit of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase contains two noncontiguous domains that act in concert to bind calmodulin

Abstract Phosphorylase kinase is a Ca2+-regulated, multisubunit enzyme that contains calmodulin as an integral subunit (termed the delta-subunit). Ca2+-dependent activity of the enzyme is thought to be regulated by direct interaction of the delta-subunit with the catalytic subunit (the gamma-subunit) in the holoenzyme complex. In order to systematically search for putative calmodulin (delta-subunit)-binding domain(s) in the gamma-subunit of phosphorylase kinase, a series of 18 overlapping peptides corresponding to the C terminus of the gamma-subunit was chemically synthesized using a tea bag method. The calmodulin-binding activity of each peptide was tested for its ability to inhibit Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of myosin light chain kinase. Data were obtained indicating that two distinct regions in the gamma-subunit, one spanning residues 287-331 (termed domain-N) and the other residues 332-371 (domain-C), are capable of binding calmodulin with nanomolar affinity. Peptides from both of these two domains also inhibited calmodulin-dependent reactivation of denatured gamma-subunit. The interactions of peptides from both domain-N and domain-C with calmodulin were found to be Ca2+-dependent. Dixon plots obtained using mixtures of peptides from domain-N and domain-C indicate that these two domains can bind simultaneously to a single molecule of calmodulin. Multiple contacts between the gamma-subunit and calmodulin (delta-subunit), as indicated by our data, may help to explain why strongly denaturing conditions are required to dissociate these two subunits, whereas complexes of calmodulin with most other target enzymes can be readily dissociated by merely lowering Ca2+ to submicromolar concentrations. Comparison of the sequences of the two calmodulin-binding domains in the gamma-subunit of phosphorylase kinase with corresponding regions in troponin I indicates similarities that may have functional and evolutionary significance.
Methodological issues in the social cost of gambling studies.

The appropriate way to classify and measure the “social costs” of gambling is a very important, unresolved methodological issue that has been addressed by Collins and Lapsley (2000); Thompson, Gazel, and Rickman (1999); and Walker and Barnett (1999), among others. What should be included and excluded from social cost studies continues to be a controversial issue, as illustrated in the literature and recent conferences. This paper is an attempt to explain the “economics” conception of social costs in accessible language. By using a simple economic model and everyday examples, it shows that the economics methodology is better than the other methodologies currently available. There are four specific goals of the paper: (1) Discuss the importance of the social cost methodological debate and the state of research in the area; (2) Explain the Walker–Barnett definition of social cost in the context of a simple production possibilities frontier and indifference curve model; (3) Use simple illustrative examples to show why many of the alleged social costs should not be classified as such; and (4) Suggest a new method for analyzing the social costs and effects attributable to pathological gambling.
Elements in the 5' flanking sequences of the mouse low-affinity NGF receptor gene direct appropriate CNS, but not PNS, expression in transgenic mice

We have initiated a characterization of the cis-acting regulatory elements of the murine low-affinity NGF receptor (p75NGFR) gene. Despite studies in cultured cells that suggest the p75NGFR promoter is constitutive, a detailed analysis of this promoter in five lines of transgenic mice demonstrated a high degree of cell-type specificity: 8.4 kb of 5′ flanking sequence directs expression of a lacZ reporter to retinal and CNS neurons normally expressing p75NGFR. A transgene with 470 bp of 5′ flanking sequence is also expressed in the CNS, but its regulation is aberrant, with a loss of basal forebrain expression. In non-neural tissues, both transgenes were expressed only in the testis, kidney, anterior pituitary, and pancreatic islets; with the exception of the renal pattern of expression, transgene activity was confined to appropriate cells within these tissues. In contrast, although expression of both transgenes was prominent in adrenal medulla and gastrointestinal myenteric neurons, neither construct was active in several sensory or sympathetic ganglia that strongly express the endogenous p75NGFR gene, indicating that genetic elements necessary for expression in these neurons are not present in these promoter sequences. In addition, neither transgene was activated in Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration of sciatic nerve. We conclude that regulation of the p75NGFR gene is complex, with the first 470 bp of 5′ flanking sequence sufficient for expression in enteric and CNS neurons and additional elements within the first 8.4 kb of 5′ flanking sequence required for restriction to appropriate CNS neurons. Further regulatory elements are possibly required for expression in at least some sensory and sympathetic neurons in the PNS and in Schwann cells. To identify potential regulatory elements in the 470 bp of 5′ flanking sequence from the smaller transgene, we compared the sequences of equivalent regions from the mouse, rat, and human p75NGFR genes. This “phylogenetic footprint” identified conserved motifs potentially important for the regulation of this gene in the CNS.
Antigenic relationship of the gram-negative organism causing canine abortion to smooth and rough brucellae.

The use of whole-cell antigens in agglutination and agglutinin-absorption tests showed that the organism causing abortion in dogs is similar to rough Brucella abortus, B. melitensis , and B. ovis , but different from smooth Brucella cultures. Water-soluble antigens obtained by ultrasonic treatment and examined by immuno-electrophoresis and gel diffusion show extensive cross-reactions within the genus Brucella , but little or no cross-reaction with similar antigens from other gram-negative genera in the family Brucellaceae . The dog organism showed near identity with rough and smooth Brucella cultures on the basis of immuno-gel diffusion tests with water-soluble antigens, but it lacked the lipopolysaccharide-endotoxin associated with the agglutinogen of smooth brucellae. These findings support the proposal of Carmichael and Bruner for the designation of a new species, “ Brucella canis .” Images
Overhead Line Conductors

The sections in this article are 1 Overhead Lines in the Power Industry 2 Choice of Conductors 3 Sagged Conductors 4 Lightning Protection 5 Corona 6 Electric and Magnetic Fields
Posttranslational modification of differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins in the retina during early experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Purpose: Posttranslational modification of proteins plays an important role in cellular functions and is a key event in signal transduction pathways leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage. In this study, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- time of flight (MALDI-TOF) to investigate the posttranslational modifications of the differentially expressed proteins in the retinal mitochondria during early experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods: EAU was induced in 18 B10RIII mice with 25 µg of inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) emulsified with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA); 18 mice treated with CFA without IRBP served as controls. Retinas were removed from the experimental and control groups on day 7 post immunization; mitochondrial fractions were extracted and subjected to 2 dimentional-difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE); and the protein spots indicating differential expression were subjected to MALDI-TOF for protein identification and indication of any posttranslational modifications. Results: Of the 13 proteins found to be differentially expressed by 2D-DIGE (including upregulated aconitase, mitochondrial heat shock protein (mtHsp) 70, lamin-1, syntaxin-binding protein, αA crystallin, βB2 crystallin, along with downregulated guanine nucleotide-binding protein and ATP synthase) nine were found to undergo posttranslational modification. Oxidation was a common modification found to occur on aconitase, mtHsp 70, ATP synthase, lamin-1, βB2-crystallin, guanine nucleotide-binding protein, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). In addition, aconitase hydratase, mtHsp 70, guanine nucleotide-binding protein, ATP synthase, syntaxin-binding protein, βB2crystallin, and lamin-1 were also modified by carbamidomethylation. αA-crystallin had a pyro-glu modification. Conclusions: Several proteins present in the retinal mitochondria are posttranslationally modified during early EAU, indicating the presence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage. The most common modifications are oxidation and carbamidomethylation. A better understanding of the proteins susceptible to posttranslational modifications in the mitochondria at the early stage of the disease may serve to advance therapeutic interventions to attenuate disease progression.