cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solubilization of High Affinity Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors from Rat Brain: Characterization of an Active Digitonin-Solubilized Receptor Complex

Abstract The binding characteristics of CRF receptors in rat frontal cerebral cortex membranes solubilized in 1% digitonin were determined. The binding of [125I]Tyr○-ovine CRF ([125I]oCRF) to solubilized membrane proteins was dependent on incubation time, temperature, and protein concentration, was saturable and of high affinity, and was absent in boiled tissue. The solubilized receptors retained their high affinity for [125I] oCRF in the solubilized state, exhibiting a dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 200 pM, as determined by direct binding saturation isotherms. Solubilized CRF receptors maintained the rank order of potencies for various related and unrelated CRF peptides characteristic of the membrane CRF receptor: rat/human CRF - ovine CRF - Nle2138-rat CRF > a-helical oCRF- (9–41) > oCRF-(7–41) >≫ vasoactive intestinal peptide, arginine vasopressin, or the substance-P antagonist. Furthermore, the absolute potencies (Ki values) for the various CRF-related peptides in solubilized receptors we...
LOESS correction for length variation in gene set-based genomic sequence analysis

Motivation: Sequence analysis algorithms are often applied to sets of DNA, RNA or protein sequences to identify common or distinguishing features. Controlling for sequence length variation is critical to properly score sequence features and identify true biological signals rather than length-dependent artifacts. Results: Several cis-regulatory module discovery algorithms exhibit a substantial dependence between DNA sequence score and sequence length. Our newly developed LOESS method is flexible in capturing diverse score-length relationships and is more effective in correcting DNA sequence scores for length-dependent artifacts, compared with four other approaches. Application of this method to genes co-expressed during Drosophila melanogaster embryonic mesoderm development or neural development scored by the Lever motif analysis algorithm resulted in successful recovery of their biologically validated cis-regulatory codes. The LOESS length-correction method is broadly applicable, and may be useful not only for more accurate inference of cis-regulatory codes, but also for detection of other types of patterns in biological sequences. Availability: Source code and compiled code are available from http://thebrain.bwh.harvard.edu/LM_LOESS/ Contact: mlbulyk@receptor.med.harvard.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A wavelet-based approach to assessing timing errors in hydrologic predictions

Summary Streamflow predictions typically contain errors in both the timing and the magnitude of peak flows. These two types of error often originate from different sources (e.g. rainfall–runoff modeling vs. routing) and hence may have different implications and ramifications for both model diagnosis and decision support. Thus, where possible and relevant, they should be distinguished and separated in model evaluation and forecast verification applications. Distinct information on timing errors in hydrologic prediction could lead to more targeted model improvements in a diagnostic evaluation context, as well as better-informed decisions in many practical applications, such as flood prediction, water supply forecasting, river regulation, navigation, and engineering design. However, information on timing errors in hydrologic predictions is rarely evaluated or provided. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing and quantifying timing error in hydrologic predictions and present a new approach, which is based on the cross wavelet transform (XWT) technique. The XWT technique transforms the time series of predictions and corresponding observations into a two-dimensional time-scale space and provides information on scale- and time-dependent timing differences between the two time series. The results for synthetic timing errors (both constant and time-varying) indicate that the XWT-based approach can estimate timing errors in streamflow predictions with reasonable reliability. The approach is then employed to analyze the timing errors in real streamflow simulations for a number of headwater basins in the US state of Texas. The resulting timing error estimates were consistent with the physiographic and climatic characteristics of these basins. A simple post-factum timing adjustment based on these estimates led to considerably improved agreement between streamflow observations and simulations, further illustrating the potential for using the XWT-based approach for timing error estimation.
Argon diffusion in pyroxenes: Implications for thermochronometry and mantle degassing

Abstract The rate at which argon diffuses in pyroxenes is relevant to several problems in the Earth and planetary sciences. Pyroxenes are among the most abundant minerals in the Earth's upper mantle and are important hosts for potassium and radiogenic 40 Ar ( 40 Ar*). Additionally, pyroxenes commonly contain > 25% of the total 40 Ar* within meteorites, and therefore hold great potential for quantifying the timing, duration, and thermal conditions of events experienced by meteorites and their parent bodies. We conducted detailed, feedback-controlled laser heating diffusion experiments using synthetically produced 37 Ar in gem-quality clinopyroxene (CPX) and orthopyroxene (OPX) crystals. Stepwise heating between 850 and 1350 °C yielded linear Arrhenius arrays from which activation energies ( E a ) of 379.2 ± 4.1 and 371.0 ± 6.0 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors ( D o ) of (1.36 × 10 − 4 ) − 6.15 × 10 − 5 + 1.12 × 10 − 4 and (5.73 × 10 − 2 ) − 2.25 × 10 − 2 + 3.72 × 10 − 2 were determined for CPX and OPX, respectively; these E a 's are an order of magnitude higher than previously reported values obtained with a different experimental approach ( Watson et al., 2007 ) and indicate that Ar diffusion within pyroxenes is strongly temperature dependent. At high temperatures Ar diffusion in pyroxenes is rapid, which indicates that diffusive 40 Ar distributions observed within meteoritic pyroxenes may provide information about brief, high-temperature shock heating events. In contrast, subsequent low-T conditions should minimally influence these concentration gradients. The experimental Ar diffusion kinetics in OPX and CPX correspond to closure temperatures of 600–700 and 700–800 °C, respectively (for 10 °C/Ma cooling). These results suggest that diffusive equilibration through 0.1–0.5 mm pyroxene grains occurs in minutes to hours at basaltic melt generation temperatures (~ 1300 °C), and is therefore unlikely to inhibit mantle degassing.
A Process Comparison of Simple Stretch Forming Using Both Conventional and Electrically-Assisted Forming Techniques

A common manufacturing process typically used to create large surface contours in sheet metal is stretch forming. With this process, the ability to create geometrically accurate parts and smooth surfaces is achievable, yet there are certain limits when considering the achievable elongation of the material and the inability to produce sharp contours in the sheet metal. Present research using Electrically-Assisted Manufacturing (EAM) has shown that applying direct electrical current to the workpiece during the forming process can increase the formability and reduce springback of the material, while also lowering the required forming forces. Seeing the advantageous qualities of EAM, this study examines the use of EAM for a simple stretch forming process. Specifically, this research examines this stretch forming process with regards to how the location where the electrical current is applied to the material affects the process, the achievable forming depth without fracture, and the application direction of the current. Overall results displayed that the directional flow of electrical current and the application location did not affect the obtained forming forces or forming depths using EAM.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Horses and the risk of zoonotic infections

Infectious agents are insidious, often changing to adapt to host defenses or treatment advances. Because these challenges will continue, the need to apply standard and transmission-based precautions is important not only in the human hospital setting but in the veterinary clinic setting. In addition, to prevent human infection and potential liability, clinics need to establish program algorithms to prevent disease spread for specific agents or planned procedures to respond to potential nosocomial and zoonotic disease events. These need to be done proactively. Furthermore, more money needs to be dedicated to establish infection control programs and to improve the science of infection control in the veterinary setting.
Molecules and fossils reveal punctuated diversification in Caribbean "faviid" corals.

Even with well-known sampling biases, the fossil record is key to understanding macro-evolutionary patterns. During the Miocene to Pleistocene in the Caribbean Sea, the fossil record of scleractinian corals shows a remarkable period of rapid diversification followed by massive extinction. Here we combine a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear introns with an updated fossil stratigraphy to examine patterns of radiation and extinction in Caribbean corals within the traditional family Faviidae. Concatenated phylogenetic analysis showed most species of Caribbean faviids were monophyletic, with the exception of two Manicina species. The time-calibrated tree revealed the stem group originated around the closure of the Tethys Sea (17.0 Ma), while the genus Manicina diversified during the Late Miocene (8.20 Ma), when increased sedimentation and productivity may have favored free-living, heterotrophic species. Reef and shallow water specialists, represented by Diploria and Favia, originate at the beginning of the Pliocene (5 – 6 Ma) as the Isthmus of Panama shoaled and regional productivity declined. Later origination of the stem group than predicted from the fossil record corroborates the hypothesis of morphological convergence in Diploria and Favia genera. Our data support the rapid evolution of morphological and life-history traits among faviid corals that can be linked to Mio-Pliocene environmental changes.
Correspondence Transfer for the Registration of Multimodal Images

Gene expression data provide information on the location where certain genes are active; in order for this to be useful, such a location must be registered to an anatomical atlas. Because gene expression maps are considerably different from each other - they display the expression of different genes - and from the anatomical atlas, this problem is currently addressed either manually by trained experts, or by neglecting all image information and only using the pre-segmented boundaries. In this manuscript we concentrate on data discrepancy measures that take into account image information when this is present in both the target and template images. We exploit such "bi-lateral" structures to drive the correspondence process in regions where the intensity information is inconsistent, analogously to a "motion in- painting" task. Although no ground truth can be established, and prior information clearly plays a key role, we show that our model achieves desirable results on subjective tests validated by expert subjects.
A prospective evaluation of the clinical utility of the lower-extremity injury-severity scores.

Background: High-energy trauma to the lower extremity presents challenges with regard to reconstruction and rehabilitation. Failed efforts at limb salvage are associated with increased patient mortality and high hospital costs. Lower-extremity injury-severity scoring systems were developed to assist the surgical team with the initial decision to amputate or salvage a limb. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical utility of five lower-extremity injury-severity scoring systems. Methods: Five hundred and fifty-six high-energy lower-extremity injuries were prospectively evaluated with use of five injury-severity scoring systems for lower-extremity trauma designed to assist in the decision-making process for the care of patients with such injuries. Four hundred and seven limbs remained in the salvage pathway six months after the injury. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS); the Limb Salvage Index (LSI); the Predictive Salvage Index (PSI); the Nerve Injury, Ischemia, Soft-Tissue Injury, Skeletal Injury, Shock, and Age of Patient Score (NISSSA); and the Hannover Fracture Scale-97 (HFS-97) for ischemic and nonischemic limbs. The scores were analyzed in two ways: including and excluding limbs that required immediate amputation. Results: The analysis did not validate the clinical utility of any of the lower-extremity injury-severity scores. The high specificity of the scores in all of the patient subgroups did confirm that low scores could be used to predict limb-salvage potential. The converse, however, was not true. The low sensitivity of the indices failed to support the validity of the scores as predictors of amputation. Conclusions: Lower-extremity injury-severity scores at or above the amputation threshold should be cautiously used by a surgeon who must decide the fate of a lower extremity with a high-energy injury.
Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas: Observations from Spaceborne Rain Radar on the TRMM Satellite

Abstract Data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite's precipitation radar (PR) were employed to identify warm-season rainfall (1998–2000) patterns around Atlanta, Georgia; Montgomery, Alabama; Nashville, Tennessee; and San Antonio, Waco, and Dallas, Texas. Results reveal an average increase of about 28% in monthly rainfall rates within 30–60 km downwind of the metropolis, with a modest increase of 5.6% over the metropolis. Portions of the downwind area exhibit increases as high as 51%. The percentage changes are relative to an upwind control area. It was also found that maximum rainfall rates in the downwind impact area exceeded the mean value in the upwind control area by 48%–116%. The maximum value was generally found at an average distance of 39 km from the edge of the urban center or 64 km from the center of the city. Results are consistent with the Metropolitan Meteorological Experiment (METROMEX) studies of St. Louis, Missouri, almost two decades ago and with more recent stud...
Machine Learning Approach for Prediction of Human Mitochondrial Proteins

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods and Systems Results and Discussion Conclusions References ]]>
The Political Web: Media, Participation and Alternative Democracy

Dahlgren, P. (2013). The Political Web: Media, Participation and Alternative Democracy. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 195 pages.Peter Dahlgren's The Political Web is a thoughtful and engaging c...
Hematopoietic growth factors as adjuncts to the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

A number of randomized trials have recently been completed evaluating the effect of hematopoietic growth factors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) as adjuncts to the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Most studies used the growth factors to decrease the duration of neutropenia with the hope of reducing infectious morbidity and mortality. The results of these trials are generally quite consistent. Virtually all trials showed a modest reduction in the duration of severe neutropenia with a variable effect on the incidence of severe infections, antibiotic usage, and the duration of hospitalization. There was no consistent benefit in terms of improvements in complete response rate, complete response duration, or overall survival. However, it is important that there does not appear to be an increase in the incidence of drug-resistant leukemia in trials in which the growth factor was begun after completion of the chemotherapy. Other trials administered growth factors either before or simultaneous with the chemotherapy in an attempt to enhance chemosensitivity and decrease drug resistance. None of these trials, whether conducted as part of initial induction therapy or in relapse, showed improvements in response rate or survival. Lastly, some anecdotal reports have suggested that occasional patients who receive growth factors as the only therapy for overt leukemia can achieve remission, possibly through a differentiating effect of the growth factor. However, there are very few such reports, and growth factor use in this situation is potentially dangerous and should be performed only in the context of a clinical trial. In summary, there appears to be no role at this time for priming of leukemia cells by growth factors to enhance the effect of chemotherapy, and more in vitro studies should be performed before further clinical trials of this approach. It is clear that growth factors administered after induction and possibly consolidation chemotherapy can shorten the duration of neutropenia, without a significant effect on treatment outcome. It is as yet unclear whether the use of growth factors in this fashion is cost effective.
Carsharing and sustainable travel behavior: Results from the San Francisco Bay Area

Abstract Over the past decade, carsharing has grown considerably in the United States, particularly in major metropolitan areas. This innovative business model offers individuals the opportunity to rent cars by the hour, providing them with greater flexibility for their mobility. Previous work on carsharing suggests that its adoption leads to a decline in household vehicle ownership, vehicle miles traveled, and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing representative data from the 2010–2012 California Household Travel Survey, this paper presents an analysis of travel behavior and vehicle ownership among carshare members versus non-members in the San Francisco Bay Area, focusing on a subsample of the population with access to carsharing at the U.S. census tract level. Consistent with previous findings on vehicle reduction, these results show that carsharing members own significantly fewer vehicles than non-members. However, lower levels of vehicle ownership are only found among households living in urban areas. In dense, urban neighborhoods, households with carsharing membership own 0.58 vehicles per household as compared with 0.96 vehicles of a control group. Suburban carshare members drive less than their non-carshare member counterparts – although the extent to which this difference can be attributed to self-selection it is unknown. This study also finds that among carsharing households that do own vehicles, a greater share of those vehicles are alternative vehicles (e.g., hybrid, plug-in hybrid electric, and battery electric). Among vehicles owned by the subsample examined in this study, electric drive vehicles represent 18.3% of those owned by carshare member households, as compared with 10.2% of the vehicles owned by non-carsharing households. This analysis finds that not only are urban carshare members likely to own fewer vehicles than the rest of the population, if they do own vehicles, they are more likely to own a vehicle with a smaller environmental footprint.
THE IMPACT OF INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that affects the critically ill, but the incidence and impact of new-onset AF in the intensive care unit (ICU) are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that new-onset AF is associated with poorer outcomes. We analyzed 73 patient-years of continuous
Printed Dual Cell Arrays for Multiplexed Sensing

We demonstrated inkjet printing of large-scale dual-type encapsulated bacterial cell arrays for prospective multiplexing sensing. The dual cell arrays were constructed on the basis of two types of bioengineered E. coli cells hosting fluorescent reporters (green-GFPa1 and red-turboRFP) capable of detecting different target chemicals. The versatility of inkjet printing allows for the fabrication of uniform multilayered confined structures composed of silk ionomers that served as nests for in-printing different cells. Furthermore, sequential encapsulation of “red” and “green” cells in microscopic silk nest arrays with the preservation of their function allowed for facile confinement of cells into microscopic silk nests, where cells retained dual red-green response to mixed analyte environment. Whole-cell dual arrays immobilized in microscopic biocompatible silk matrices were readily activated after prolonged storage (up to 3 months, ambient conditions), showing red-green pattern and demonstrating an effectiv...
Abstract 1536: UVB-irradiation regulates VLA-4-mediated melanoma cell adhesion to endothelial VCAM-1 under flow conditions

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The major aspect contributing to the mortality of melanoma is its ability to spread, or metastasize. Ultraviolet B light (UVB) is considered an indirect cause of melanoma formation. However, little is known about the potential effects of UVB to melanoma metastasis. Integrins, a large family of cell adhesion molecules expressed on the melanoma cell surface, are important for cell signaling, growth, and migration during metastasis. Most critically, tumor cell tissue invasion is dependent on the initial interaction of tumor cells with vascular endothelium at the target organ, and there is increasing evidence for a prominent role of melanoma very late antigen-4 integrin (VLA-4, α4β1 integrin) binding to its endothelial ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in this process. This research focuses on the quantitative modulation of VLA-4 integrin expression and function on melanoma cells after UVB irradiation. The present data show that at 3, 12, and 18 hours post-UVB irradiation, VLA-4 expression was unchanged relative to untreated cells, but adhesion to VCAM-1 decreased significantly. Immunofluorescence studies implied that the spatial organization of α4 integrin on the melanoma cell surface contributed to the changes in avidity for VCAM-1 upon UVB irradiation. Further analysis suggested that the surface level of α4 integrin was maintained by Akt activity after UVB irradiation. The level of cell surface α4 integrin was significantly increased after UVB-irradiation when Akt was inhibited. Inhibition of Akt also reversed the reduction of avidity of cells after the irradiation. Our data also show that UVB reduces the level of Akt. The inhibition of Akt activity correlated with a reduced amount of coupled cNOS and reduced amount of iNOS after UVB-irradiation. However the effect of NOSs on melanoma cell adhesion appears due to their roles in regulation of apoptosis after UVB-irradiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1536. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1536
Establishment and implication of infectious diarrhea surveillance system in Wuxi City

Objective:To early detect outbreak of infectious diarrhea with more sensitively,an on-line surveillance system was established based on etiological test.Methods: Sentinel sites for infectious diarrhea were established in three-tier medical services,which were composed of municipal hospitals,county hospitals and township clinics in Wuxi.Infectious diarrhea data entered into the surveillance system and data of diarrhea-like illness(DLL) collected routinely based on out-patient were reported weekly through the on-line system and processed automatically.Results: Surveillance data of DLL through July 2010 to June 2011 in Wuxi were monitored in the on-line system.The highest DLL incidences were observed during July and August,with the peak in the 33rd week.The on-line system produced early warning of outbreaks four weeks ahead the true status.Etiological tests identified Bibrio Parahemolyticus as the major pathogenic bacteria(6.75%),Rotavirus(33.33%) and Norovirus(7.95%) were the major causative viruses.Conclusion: The DLL surveillance data can be used efficiently in the on-line system which provide timely and useful information for disease control and prevention.This electronically operated system was an improvement of traditional surveillance system and can also be for surveillance of other infectious diseases.
OVARIAN TERATOMA IN A GREEN IGUANA (IGUANA IGUANA)

An ovarian mass was diagnosed in an adult female green iguana {Iguana iguana) by ultrasonography during evaluation for ovarian follicular development. A large, well-circumscribed, hypervascular ovarian mass with multiple fluid-filled vesicles was identified during surgery. A histopathologic diagnosis of ovarian teratoma was made based on the presence of multiple tissues of different embryonic germ-layer origins. The teratoma recurred as a malignant tumor 18 mo later.
Phase IB Study of Selinexor, a First-in-Class Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, in Patients With Advanced Refractory Bone or Soft Tissue Sarcoma

PurposeWe evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy of selinexor, an oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound, in patients with advanced soft tissue or bone sarcoma with progressive disease.Patients and MethodsFifty-four patients were treated with oral selinexor twice per week (on days 1 and 3) at one of three doses (30 mg/m2, 50 mg/m2, or flat dose of 60 mg) either continuously or on a schedule of 3 weeks on, 1 week off. PK analysis was performed under fasting and fed states (low v high fat content) and using various formulations of selinexor (tablet, capsule, or suspension). Tumor biopsies before and during treatment were evaluated for pharmacodynamic changes.ResultsThe most commonly reported drug-related adverse events (grade 1 or 2) were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue, which were well managed with supportive care. Commonly reported grade 3 or 4 toxicities were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, anemia, lymphopenia, and leukopenia. Selinexor was significan...
Tailoring the Edge Structure of Molybdenum Disulfide toward Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into energy-rich fuels is considered to be the most efficient approach to achieve a carbon neutral cycle. Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently shown a very promising catalytic performance for CO2 reduction reaction in an ionic liquid electrolyte. Here, we report that the catalytic performance of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a member of TMDCs, can be significantly improved by using an appropriate dopant. Our electrochemical results indicate that 5% niobium (Nb)-doped vertically aligned MoS2 in ionic liquid exhibits 1 order of magnitude higher CO formation turnover frequency (TOF) than pristine MoS2 at an overpotential range of 50–150 mV. The TOF of this catalyst is also 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of Ag nanoparticles over the entire range of studied overpotentials (100–650 mV). Moreover, the in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry experiment shows the onset overpotential of 31 mV for this catalyst, which is the ...
Spinal Tanycytic Ependymoma

Tanycytes are the peculiar ependymal cells that are lining the ventral part of the third ventricle in the mature selachian brain. Normal tanycytes are long non-branching unipolar or bipolar cells that extend between the ventricular surface and the cortex. These cells in the spinal cord surround the central canal. The cells radiate from the ependyma of the central canal into the gray matter. Although the origin of the tanycytes is unknown, electronmicroscopy has identified features suggestive of secretion and/or chemical transportation. Tanycytic ependymoma is subtype of ependymoma, which is recognized formally as a pathological entity in the latest WHO classification of CNS tumors. The term “tanycytic” was used because the morphology mimics a distinct type of embryologic ependymal cells that develops in parallel with epithelial ependymocytes. Because of this morphology this type of tumor may be misinterpreted for astrocytoma or other tumors with elongated cells, such as schwanoma or fibroblastic menigioma.
Determination of esophageal eosinophil counts and other histologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis by pathology trainees is highly accurate

Summary Many studies of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) use expert pathology review, but it is unknown whether less experienced pathologists can reliably assess EoE histology. We aimed to determine whether trainee pathologists can accurately quantify esophageal eosinophil counts and identify associated histologic features of EoE, as compared with expert pathologists. We used a set of 40 digitized slides from patients with varying degrees of esophageal eosinophilia. Each of 6 trainee pathologists underwent a teaching session and used our validated protocol to determine eosinophil counts and associated EoE findings. The same slides had previously been evaluated by expert pathologists, and these results comprised the criterion standard. Eosinophil counts were correlated, and agreement was calculated for the diagnostic threshold of 15 eosinophils per high-power field as well as for associated EoE findings. Peak eosinophil counts were highly correlated between the trainees and the criterion standard ( ρ ranged from 0.87 to 0.92; P P κ ranged from 0.83 to 0.89; P κ = 0.54-0.83; P κ = 0.44-0.87; P κ = 0.37-0.64; P
Translanguaging in bilingual teacher preparation: Exploring pre-service bilingual teachers’ academic writing

ABSTRACTTranslanguaging, or the complex, dynamic, and integrated linguistic practices of bilinguals have been recently identified as a pedagogical strategy to facilitate learning in bilingual classrooms. Given its potential implications for teacher preparation, a qualitative case study was conducted at a university on the Texas-Mexico border to explore translanguaging practices of pre-service bilingual teachers in academic writing. Findings showed that Latina pre-service bilingual teachers creatively leveraged their Spanish and English linguistic repertoire to produce meaningful Spanish writing. Moreover, pre-service teachers created translanguaging spaces through writing in multiple ways, showing the potential of translanguaging as a practice in action and a pedagogical tool to defy the monolingual tradition prevailing in bilingual teacher preparation.
Impact of care at NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers (NCICCC) on outcome in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with central nervous system tumors (CNSt).

6537 Background: AYA (15-39y) have not seen survival improvement as in younger or older ages with similar cancer diagnoses, leaving an AYA Gap. Pediatric protocol use is associated with superior su...
Physicians’ Religious Topic Avoidance during Clinical Interactions

Religious and spiritual (R/S) conversations at the end-of-life function to help patients and their families find comfort in difficult circumstances. Physicians who feel uncertain about how to discuss topics related to religious beliefs may seek to avoid R/S conversations with their patients. This study utilized a two-group objective structured clinical examination with a standardized patient to explore differences in physicians’ use of R/S topic avoidance tactics during a clinical interaction. Results indicated that physicians used more topic avoidance tactics in response to patients’ R/S inquiries than patients’ R/S disclosures; however, the use of topic avoidance tactics did not eliminate the need to engage in patient-initiated R/S interactions.
The Evolution of Fair Offers with Low Rejection Thresholds in the Ultimatum Game

The ultimatum game (UG) is widely used in economic and anthropological research to investigate fairness by how one player proposes to divide a resource with a second player who can reject the offer. In these contexts, fairness is understood as offers that are more generous than predicted by the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE). A surprising and robust result of UG experiments is that proposers offer much more than the SPNE. These results have spawned many models aimed at explaining why players do not conform to the SPNE by showing how Nash equilibrium strategies can evolve far from the SPNE. However, empirical data from UG experiments indicate that players do not use Nash equilibrium strategies, but rather make generous offers while rejecting only very low offers. To better understand why people behave this way, we developed an agent-based model to investigate how generous strategies could evolve in the UG. Using agents with generic biological properties, we found that fair offers can readily evolve in structured populations even while rejection thresholds remain relatively low. We explain the evolution of fairness as a problem of the efficient conversion of resources into the production of offspring at the level of the group.
Trusted Analog/Mixed- Signal/RF ICs: A Survey and a Perspective

Editor’s note: The trustworthiness of integrated circuits is now an essential technical and business challenge for the semiconductor industry. In the digital domain, there has been extensive activity in understanding and counteracting the threats of hardware Trojans, piracy and counterfeiting. However, this research area is largely nascent and understudied for analog/mixed-signal (AMS) and radio frequency (RF) circuits, which are widely used in contemporary systems. This survey summarizes the state-of-art for trusted hardware design in AMS/RF IC’s, and highlights directions towards advancing the field. – Steven Nowick, Columbia University
Epigenetic changes by DNA methylation in chronic and intermittent hypoxia

DNA methylation of cytosine residues is a well-studied epigenetic change, which regulates gene transcription by altering accessibility for transcription factors. Hypoxia is a pervasive stimulus that affects many physiological processes. The circulatory and respiratory systems adapt to chronic sustained hypoxia, such as that encountered during a high-altitude sojourn. Many people living at sea level experience chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) due to sleep apnea, which leads to cardiovascular and respiratory maladaptation. This article presents a brief update on emerging evidence suggesting that changes in DNA methylation contribute to pathologies caused by chronic IH and potentially mediate adaptations to chronic sustained hypoxia by affecting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway.
Testing of a compact 10-Gbps Lasercomm system at Trident Warrior 2017

Laser communications (Lasercomm) systems have gained increasing interest for both defense and commercial applications due to their ability to provide secure, long-distance, high-bandwidth communications on the move, without the need for RF spectrum management. This paper will present field test results from the U.S. Navy’s Trident Warrior 2017 fleet exercise, where a compact Lasercomm system was evaluated. As compared to previously demonstrated long range Lasercomm terminals, this compact terminal design leverages simultaneous transmit and receive spatial diversity to mitigate scintillation fades in a smaller form factor. In addition, a 10 Gbps retransmission capability has been integrated and tested to assure error-free data transport even through short duration path blockages and optical fades. The system was operated at full functionality over seven test days with network traffic loads ranging from 1 - 7.5 Gbps in bidirectional configurations. The system was exercised to a line of sight limited range of 45 km and showed capability through haze and even some levels of fog on multiple days.
Slope of phase III is being overinterpreted.

To the Editor: In 1975, Paiva ([2][1]) reported the results of an analysis of a two-compartment model of ventilation. The model included different volume expansions and different time courses of emptying of the two compartments, and Paiva computed gas concentrations and slopes of phase III for a
Growth Regulator Imbalance in Plant Disease

Plants infected with pathogens exhibit various growth abnormalities, including excessive growth, stunting, tumors, epinasty, and formation of adventitious roots. Although in many cases the mechanisms responsible for the growth abnormalities are not known, they are commonly associated with alterations in the levels of growth regulators.
The Personal Career Development Profile: Using the 16 PF for Vocational Exploration

(1986). The Personal Career Development Profile: Using the 16 PF for Vocational Exploration. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 185-189.
The Intent to Parent among Young, Unmarried College Graduates:

Issues surrounding intentions to parent are crucial given new reproductive technologies and increased infertility. Six hundred young, unmarried college graduates were interviewed concerning parenti...
Proteinuric Kidney Diseases: A Podocyte's Slit Diaphragm and Cytoskeleton Approach

Proteinuric kidney diseases are a group of disorders with diverse pathological mechanisms associated with significant losses of protein in the urine. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), comprised of the three important layers, the fenestrated glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and the podocyte, dictates that disruption of any one of these structures should lead to proteinuric disease. Podocytes, in particular, have long been considered as the final gatekeeper of the GFB. This specialized visceral epithelial cell contains a complex framework of cytoskeletons forming foot processes and mediate important cell signaling to maintain podocyte health. In this review, we will focus on slit diaphragm proteins such as nephrin, podocin, TRPC6/5, as well as cytoskeletal proteins Rho/small GTPases and synaptopodin and their respective roles in participating in the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases. Furthermore, we will summarize the potential therapeutic options targeting the podocyte to treat this group of kidney diseases.
Graphite Line on Paper as an Aqueous Chemical Sensor

This work investigates the ability of a graphite line drawn on a sheet of paper to be used as a sensor to detect different types of liquid chemicals. To the best of our knowledge, no work has been reported on identifying liquid chemicals based on their electrical resistance using graphite on paper. The sensor is capable of distinguishing between different types of liquids including acids, bases, solvents and water. A graphite pencil was used to sketch a 40 mm long by 6 mm wide line on a piece of white paper. The graphite on paper test strip was placed in a test fixture equipped with electrical contacts. The electrical contacts were attached to a data acquisition device (DAQ) along with LabVIEW software to measure and record the voltage outputs which were later used to calculate the electrical resistance. To make a consistent measurement in different samples, a test fixture was designed and fabricated using a 3D printing machine. The solvent tested in this experiment was acetone, the acid tested was nitric acid, and the base tested was tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Two droplets of each chemical were dropped onto the paper through a hole in the test fixture at room temperature. The voltage was recorded every millisecond for about 10 s after the liquid was dropped on the paper. The plots of electrical resistance values versus time showed a distinct curve for each type of liquid which can be used for liquid identification purposes.
Effect of Human Corneal Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-derived Exosomes on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.

Purpose Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used therapeutically to modulate inflammation and promote repair. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as one of the important mediators. This study investigated the effect of human corneal MSC-derived exosomes on corneal epithelial wound healing. Methods Corneal MSCs (cMSCs) were isolated from human cadaver corneas. The secretome was collected after 72 hours and exosomes were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation. Morphology and size of exosomes were examined by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Expression of CD9, CD63, and CD81 by cMSC exosomes was evaluated by western blotting. Cellular uptake of exosomes was studied using calcein-stained exosomes. The effect of exosome on wound healing was measured in vitro using a scratch assay and in vivo after 2-mm epithelial debridement wounds in mice. Results cMSC exosomes were morphologically round and main population ranged between 40 and 100 nm in diameter. They expressed CD9, CD63, and CD81, and did not express GM130, Calnexin, and Cytochrome-C. Stained cMSC exosomes were successfully taken up by human cMSCs, human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), and human macrophages in vitro and by corneal epithelium in vivo. In scratch assay, after 16 hours, cMSC exosome treated HCECs had 30.1% ± 14% remaining wound area compared to 72.9% ± 8% in control (P < 0.005). In vivo, after 72 hours, cMSC exosome-treated corneas had 77.5% ± 3% corneal wound healing compared to 41.6% ± 7% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Human cMSC exosomes can accelerate corneal epithelial wound healing, and thus, may provide a therapeutic approach for ocular surface injuries.
'Good Cause' Is Cause for Concern

Presidential transitions routinely engage in elaborate games of “administrative ping-pong.” The outgoing administration rushes to promulgate rules that align with its party before leaving office — known as midnight rules. Successors quickly attempt to unwind those rules and policies, only to adopt their predecessor’s strategy and rush to promulgate rules before the end of their term. Both pass on an administrative state stuffed with last-minute rules and no good way to undo them, metaphorically hitting the ball back over the net. This game, while comical in theory, is controversial in practice. And it is even more controversial when “major” rules are involved. President Obama’s administration promulgated over 3,600 rules in 2016 — a nearly 13% increase over 2015. 118 of these rules were “major” rules with an economic impact of at least $100,000,000. Many rules, major or nonmajor, were promulgated without using the Administrative Procedure Act’s (APA) notice and comment (N&C) requirements. And many were “midnight rules” promulgated in Obama’s final months. One popular justification for exempting rules from N&C during Obama’s presidency was the “good cause” exception. President Trump is now tasked with recalibrating the administrative state to fit his policy goals. Upon taking office, Trump’s chief of staff issued a memorandum to all executive agencies requesting that they delay or revoke various regulations. The D.C. Circuit shined a light on Trump’s delay efforts when it struck down an EPA stay of an Obama-era regulation. Trump is now simultaneously instructing his agencies to adhere to the APA’s procedures and delaying rules by means familiar to his predecessor: the good cause exception. Along with the D.C. Circuit’s decision, this application of good cause has triggered a needed review of the exception and its use to excuse major and nonmajor rules from N&C. This Essay argues that the risk of foregoing prepromulgation N&C is simply too great when dealing with major rules. Major rules are singled out for increased oversight and as such deserve the full extent of available procedures.
Procedural Memory Following Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Group Performance and Individual Differences on the Rotary Pursuit Task

The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on procedural memory has received significantly less attention than declarative memory. Although to date studies on procedural memory have yielded mixed findings, many rehabilitation protocols (e.g., errorless learning) rely on the procedural memory system, and assume that it is relatively intact. The aim of the current study was to determine whether individuals with TBI are impaired on a task of procedural memory as a group, and to examine the presence of individual differences in performance. We administered to a sample of 36 individuals with moderate-severe TBI and 40 healthy comparisons (HCs) the rotary pursuit task, and then examined their rate of learning, as well as their retention of learning. Our analyses revealed that while individuals with TBI spent a significantly shorter amount of time on target as a group, they did not retain significantly less procedural learning, and as a group their rate of learning was not different from HCs. However, there were high individual differences in both groups, indicating that some individuals might not be able to take advantage of treatment methods designed to leverage intact procedural memory system. Future work is needed to better assess and characterize procedural memory in individuals with TBI across a larger battery of tasks in experimental and clinical setting as memory and learning status may predict rehabilitation success.
Comparison of the use of wireless capsule endoscopy with magnetic resonance enterography in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Comparison of the use of wireless capsule endoscopy with magnetic resonance enterography in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Links between muscle phenotype and life history: differentiation of myosin heavy chain composition and muscle biochemistry in precocial and altricial pinniped pups

In marine mammals, muscular development has been identified as a rate-limiting factor in achieving adult dive capacities. This study investigates the rate that myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition matures in a postural and locomotor skeletal muscle for four pinniped species with different lactation lengths: hooded seals, Cystophora cristata; harp seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus; northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, and Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus. The ontogeny of MHC isoform expression was compared with developmental rates of myoglobin concentrations, and aerobic (citrate synthase, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and anaerobic (lactate dehydrogenase) enzyme activities. Within taxonomic families, species with shorter lactation periods had more mature muscles biochemically at birth, and fiber types differentiated earlier during ontogeny (Phocidae: hooded > harp seals, Otariidae: northern fur seals > Steller sea lions). Northern fur seal neonates had the most phenotypically-mature muscles in this study, with no immature MHC isoforms. The relationship between muscle biochemistry and MHC composition became more pronounced with age, and developed to reflect swimming mode and activity levels. In adults, phocids had more slow-twitch oxidative protein in their primary locomotor muscle, the Longissimus dorsi (LD), than otariids which likely reflects oxygen-sparing strategies for the phocids’ longer dives. Conversely, northern fur seal muscles had higher proportions of fast-twitch MHCs in the Pectoralis and LD, likely indicative of this species’ smaller size and higher mass-specific metabolic rates. Thus, muscle phenotype is linked with species life history, and a mismatch between muscle biochemistry and MHC composition at weaning has important implications for the first year of independent foraging in pinniped pups.