cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of ribosomal RNA transcription in ribosome processing in HeLa cells.

Abstract In HeLa cells, synthesis of all high molecular weight RNA is reversibly inhibited in the presence of 5 μ m -camptothecin, which has no detectable effect on protein synthesis for about three hours. While previously synthesized 45 S ribosomal precursor RNA (pre-rRNA) undergoes normal processing in the presence of the inhibitor, the 50 S ribosomal subunits containing 28 S rRNA accumulate in the nucleoplasm. On removal of the inhibitor 45 S pre-rRNA synthesis resumes, and the accumulated nucleoplasmic 28 S rRNA is rapidly transferred to the cytoplasm. This transport of newly formed 28 S rRNA from nucleus to the cytoplasm is blocked when ribosomal RNA synthesis is selectively inhibited by a low dose of actinomycin D. The results imply that concurrent transcription of 45 S pre-rRNA is essential for the continuance of later stages of ribosomal processing.
Microcantilever hotplates with temperature-compensated piezoresistive strain sensors

Abstract This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of microcantilever hotplates having both a resistive heater and temperature-compensated piezoresistive strain gauges. The heater was defined near the cantilever free end and the piezoresistive strain gauges were integrated near the clamped base. To realize temperature compensation, a pair of identical piezoresistors was defined in close proximity. One piezoresistor was aligned to the 〈1 1 0〉 crystal direction where the piezoresistive coefficient is maximized and the other one was aligned to the 〈1 0 0〉 crystal direction where the piezoresistive coefficient is nearly zero. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent temperature compensation, with a 20× reduction in temperature sensitivity. The deflection sensitivity shifted only 10% for heating to 200 °C and cantilever deflection ∼10 μm. This work enables cantilever strain sensors that could measure temperature-dependant phenomena.
Low-level manganese exposure alters glutamate metabolism in GABAergic AF5 cells

Recent studies have suggested that the globus pallidus may be a particularly sensitive target of manganese (Mn), however, in vitro studies of the effects of Mn on GABAergic neurons have been restricted by the lack of a cell model expressing GABAergic properties. Here, we investigated the effects of low-level Mn treatment on cellular GABA and glutamate metabolism using the newly characterized AF5 rat neural-derived cell line, which displays GABAergic properties during culture in vitro. Intracellular GABA and glutamate levels were measured along with measurement of the release of GABA and glutamate into the culture medium, glutamine uptake from the culture medium, and the specific effects of Mn on the enzymes directly responsible for the synthesis and degradation of GABA, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T). Our results demonstrate that Mn had no effect on the activities of GAD or GABA-T. Similarly, low-level Mn treatment of AF5 cultures had only a small effect on intracellular GABA levels (114% of control) and no effect on the release of GABA. In contrast, intracellular and extracellular glutamate levels were enhanced to 170 and 198% of control during Mn treatment, respectively, while extracellular glutamine decreased to 73% of controls. Together, these results suggest that glutamate homeostasis may be preferentially affected over GABA in AF5 cells during low-level Mn treatment, suggesting a novel mechanism by which Mn-induced excitotoxicity might arise.
Options markets and the information content of accounting earnings releases

Abstract This study documents that the information content of firms' accounting earnings releases is lower, on average, after exchange-traded options are listed on their stocks. The results are consistent with predictions that: (i) options provide investors with a more cost-effective tool for trading on information, so that (ii) more private information is produced about these firms after options listing, so that (iii) the information in earnings releases is preempted to a greater extent after options listing. However, because options listing is endogenous, it is difficult to infer from this evidence that options listing causes these informational changes.
Tamoxifen inhibits estrogen-induced hepatic injury in hamsters.

Estrogens have an unusual toxic effect on the liver of two hamster species, the Armenian and the Chinese hamster. The hepatotoxicity was detectable clinically by hyperbilirubinemia and confirmed histologically by the presence of hepatic degenerative-regenerative changes. Administration of tamoxifen with estrogen [either ethynyl estradiol or diethylstilbestrol (DES)] completely abrogated the hepatotoxic effects, suggesting that estrogen receptor (ER) was necessary for estrogen to damage liver. In Armenian hamsters, estrogens decreased hepatic synthesis of female protein (FP); tamoxifen also abolished this DES effect and resulted in a net increase in serum FP levels. DES administration produced higher serum bilirubin levels and lower serum FP levels in females than in males. Paradoxically, tamoxifen blocked these DES effects more effectively and efficiently in females than in males. Estrogens did not injure uteri of Armenian and Chinese hamsters and were nontoxic to livers of other hamsters species, such as...
The limiting distribution of the maximal deviation of a density estimate and a hazard rate estimate

On considere une classe d'estimateurs non parametriques du type histogramme et on cherche a obtenir des mesures globales
Resolution of five position-specific flavonoid o-methyl-transferases by fast protein liquid chromatofocusing

Abstract The enzymatic synthesis of polymethylated flavonol glucosides in Chrysosplenium americanum is catalysed by a number of distinct, position-specific
An Empirical Test of the Decision to Participate Model

The purpose of this research was to test one facet of the set of propositions known as "the decision to participate." [6] The investigation was undertaken to discover background characteristics of individuals who had the greatest prospect for achieving success from an environment in which organizational inducements were minimal. As hypothesized it was found that individuals who remained with the firm being studied present a biographical data profile suggesting low contribution potential.
How the venetian blind percept emerges from the laminar cortical dynamics of 3D vision.

The 3D LAMINART model of 3D vision and figure-ground perception is used to explain and simulate a key example of the Venetian blind effect and show how it is related to other well-known perceptual phenomena such as Panum's limiting case. The model shows how identified neurons that interact in hierarchically organized laminar circuits of the visual cortex can simulate many properties of 3D vision percepts, notably consciously seen surface percepts, which are predicted to arise when filled-in surface representations are integrated into surface-shroud resonances between visual and parietal cortex. The model describes how monocular and binocular oriented filtering interacts with later stages of 3D boundary formation and surface filling-in in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and cortical areas V1, V2, and V4. It proposes how interactions between layers 4, 3B, and 2/3 in V1 and V2 contribute to stereopsis, and how binocular and monocular information combine to form 3D boundary and surface representations. The model suggests how surface-to-boundary feedback from V2 thin stripes to pale stripes enables computationally complementary boundary and surface formation properties to generate a single consistent percept, eliminate redundant 3D boundaries, and trigger figure-ground perception. The model also shows how false binocular boundary matches may be eliminated by Gestalt grouping properties. In particular, a disparity filter, which helps to solve the Correspondence Problem by eliminating false matches, is predicted to be realized as part of the boundary grouping process in layer 2/3 of cortical area V2. The model has been used to simulate the consciously seen 3D surface percepts in 18 psychophysical experiments. These percepts include the Venetian blind effect, Panum's limiting case, contrast variations of dichoptic masking and the correspondence problem, the effect of interocular contrast differences on stereoacuity, stereopsis with polarity-reversed stereograms, da Vin
Application of the NRL high-impedance radiography diode to a 2.3-MV generator

A high-impedance, small spot size diode for flash radiography has been successfully tested on a 2.3-MV generator. The generator is an L-3 Communications, Pulse Sciences Division, Pulserad 43703B, the largest in a series of generators originally called Febetron. These generators are normally used with long-life, larger diameter anodes in a sealed glass envelope. Previous work with the 1-MV Pulserad 43710A generator has demonstrated that the sealed tube can be replaced with a stacked ring insulator and the large anode replaced with a small, 1-mm diameter anode in order to achieve a much smaller spot size for single shot use.[1][2] Recently, the cathode design for this retrofitted diode has been improved for optimal performance.[3]
Enhanced 5-fluorouracil nucleotide formation after methotrexate administration: explanation for drug synergism

Exposure of L1210 leukemia cells first to 0.1 to 100 micromolar methotrexate and then to 10 micromolar 5-fluorouracil produces a synergistic effect on the number of cells killed in culture. Methotrexate dose-related increases occur in the concentrations of intracellular 5-fluorouracil ribonucleotides and 5-fluoro-29-deoxyuridylate and in the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into RNA. These increases are correlated with increased concentrations of intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. It is proposed that the enhanced formation of ribonucleotides of 5-fluorouracil and the subsequent incorporation of these compounds into RNA in methotrexate-treated cells may account for synergism between these agents.
Roles of major facilitator superfamily transporters in phosphate response in Drosophila.

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter Pho84 and the type III transporter Pho89 are responsible for metabolic effects of inorganic phosphate in yeast. While the Pho89 ortholog Pit1 was also shown to be involved in phosphate-activated MAPK in mammalian cells, it is currently unknown, whether orthologs of Pho84 have a role in phosphate-sensing in metazoan species. We show here that the activation of MAPK by phosphate observed in mammals is conserved in Drosophila cells, and used this assay to characterize the roles of putative phosphate transporters. Surprisingly, while we found that RNAi-mediated knockdown of the fly Pho89 ortholog dPit had little effect on the activation of MAPK in Drosophila S2R+ cells by phosphate, two Pho84/SLC17A1–9 MFS orthologs (MFS10 and MFS13) specifically inhibited this response. Further, using a Xenopus oocyte assay, we show that MSF13 mediates uptake of [33P]-orthophosphate in a sodium-dependent fashion. Consistent with a role in phosphate physiology, MSF13 is expressed highest in the Drosophila crop, midgut, Malpighian tubule, and hindgut. Altogether, our findings provide the first evidence that Pho84 orthologs mediate cellular effects of phosphate in metazoan cells. Finally, while phosphate is essential for Drosophila larval development, loss of MFS13 activity is compatible with viability indicating redundancy at the levels of the transporters.
Counseling Children After Natural Disasters: Guidance for Family Therapists

After natural disasters, most children exhibit typical symptoms, which can be mitigated when parents and teachers provide emotional support and facilitate adaptive coping strategies. However, some children may experience clinical symptoms, which require professional counseling. This article guides family therapists in (a) identifying children's typical and clinical symptoms after a natural disaster, (b) training parents and teachers in basic interventions, and (c) implementing developmentally appropriate clinical interventions that integrate play. A multimodal, three-phase approach of Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Play Therapy, and Family Play Therapy is described.
AID-targeting and hypermutation of non-immunoglobulin genes does not correlate with proximity to immunoglobulin genes in germinal center B cells.

Upon activation, B cells divide, form a germinal center, and express the activation induced deaminase (AID), an enzyme that triggers somatic hypermutation of the variable regions of immunoglobulin (Ig) loci. Recent evidence indicates that at least 25% of expressed genes in germinal center B cells are mutated or deaminated by AID. One of the most deaminated genes, c-Myc, frequently appears as a translocation partner with the Ig heavy chain gene (Igh) in mouse plasmacytomas and human Burkitt's lymphomas. This indicates that the two genes or their double-strand break ends come into close proximity at a biologically relevant frequency. However, the proximity of c-Myc and Igh has never been measured in germinal center B cells, where many such translocations are thought to occur. We hypothesized that in germinal center B cells, not only is c-Myc near Igh, but other mutating non-Ig genes are deaminated by AID because they are near Ig genes, the primary targets of AID. We tested this “collateral damage” model using 3D-fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) to measure the distance from non-Ig genes to Ig genes in germinal center B cells. We also made mice transgenic for human MYC and measured expression and mutation of the transgenes. We found that there is no correlation between proximity to Ig genes and levels of AID targeting or gene mutation, and that c-Myc was not closer to Igh than were other non-Ig genes. In addition, the human MYC transgenes did not accumulate mutations and were not deaminated by AID. We conclude that proximity to Ig loci is unlikely to be a major determinant of AID targeting or mutation of non-Ig genes, and that the MYC transgenes are either missing important regulatory elements that allow mutation or are unable to mutate because their new nuclear position is not conducive to AID deamination.
A discussion of new business models for 3D printing

3D printing, which is just now becoming affordable to small businesses and potentially to the individual consumer, can convert digital files to tangible products in only a few hours. This technology, which would enable digital files representing a physical product to be sent via the internet and fabricated at the time and place chosen by the consumer, has the potential to disrupt existing business models for product distribution. In addition, this technology also has the potential to generate a variety of new business models, which would enhance the average consumer's lifestyle. Applications of 3D printing could revolutionise internet sales and marketing strategies, at every stage of product marketing. This paper discusses the technology and its potential for use with the internet, attempting to identify new business models with value for future marketing research.
Developing Family Properties.

The major purpose of the study was to examine perceptions of responsibility for household production and quality of life from reports of 107 randomly selected families. Three models for determining family properties from self-reports of husband, wife, and oldest child between the ages of six and 12 were used. The three models for computing family properties were: (1) additive model—addition of family members' scores across items; (2) dispersive model—sum of discrepancy between family members' scores across items; and (3) discrete model-individual reports as discrete, unique, and independently valid family properties. The major conclusion was that all three models for measuring family properties indicated a relationship between perceptions of household produc tion responsibilities and perceptions of quality of life. Husband's, wife's, and child's triadic perceptions of child's household production responsibilities were congruent. Husband's, wife's, and child's triadic perceptions of family life were congruent but perceptions of quality of life-as-a-whole were not.
El bono demográfico en América Latina: El efecto económico de los cambios en la estructura por edad de una población

¾ The demographic dividend is the potential economic growth created by changes in the age distribution of a population. As fertility declines steadily over several decades, the population’s age distribution shifts from a youthful age structure to one dominated by a large group of working-age young adults. This provides a window of opportunity for a bigger economic growth and a reduction in poverty. That is, as the relative size of the labor force increases, the country’s output expands because there are simply more workers and producers. However, this window of opportunity is not automatic and can be rather short-lived. Thus, economic, social, and governance policies are needed to prepare a favorable landscape for the uptake of a large workforce into the more-productive sectors. Strategic investments in human capital (education and health) are required to respond adequately to the expanding economic opportunities. Many Latin American countries have already begun to realize the demographic dividend. The region has shown consistent economic growth during the last decade, thus creating favorable conditions to absorb an ever-growing labor force of young adults.
The Great Recession's Impact on School District Finances in New York State

A slowly emerging literature explores the effects of the Great Recession on different parts of the economy; however, very little research examines the impact of the Great Recession (or any other recession) on schools. Given the fundamental role of education in human capital formation and growth, understanding the effect of recessions on schools is essential. This article contributes to filling this gap. Exploiting detailed panel data on a multitude of school finance indicators and a trend shift analysis, it examines how the Great Recession affected school finances in New York State. While it finds no evidence of effects on either total funding or expenditures, both funding and expenditures experienced important compositional changes. There is strong evidence of substitution of funds on the funding side: the infusion of funds with the federal stimulus occurred simultaneously with statistically and economically significant cuts in state and local financing, especially the former. On the expenditure side, instructional expenditure was maintained, while several noninstructional categories such as transportation, student activities, and utilities suffered. Important heterogeneities in experience are also observed by poverty level, metropolitan area, and urban status (urban, suburban, or rural). Affluent districts were hurt the most, while analysis by metro area reveals that the New York City metropolitan area, especially Nassau County, sustained the largest reductions in most expenditure categories. The findings of this study promise to enhance our understanding of how recessions affect schools and the role policy can play in mitigating the consequences.
Non-contact characterization of printed resistors

In this work we demonstrate the use of a high resolution non-contact scanning microwave microscope for characterization of printed resistors. The resonant microwave probe operates at a frequency of 5.73 GHz and it is based on a dielectric resonator coupled to a gold-coated tungsten tip with radius of 200 μm protruding from a cavity wall. Direct print additive manufacturing was used to produce the resistive films. Non-contact measurements of the resonant frequency fr and quality factor Q of the resonant microwave probe at a standoff distance of 20 μm were performed. Quality factor images were obtained over a scan area of 160 μm × 1670 μm in steps of 10 μm. Measurements reveal that Q varies from 214 to 233 over the studied region. In this work, variations in Q are associated with non-uniformities on the resistor surface. The quality factor of the probe was also acquired as a function of the tip-sample distance and measured data was fitted to a polynomial equation. We converted Q images to sheet resistance i...
FEEDING ECOLOGY OF THREE RESIDENT SYMPATRIC SPARROWS IN EASTERN TEXAS

THE feeding ecology of two or more closely related organisms involves detailed observations of those organisms in their natural habitat. Of particular interest are ways in which competition for food is reduced between them. Moreau (1948) stated that whenever related species of birds overlap in range, they are either different in size or they use different methods of seeking food. Lack (1945) found that the sympatric Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) coexist by specializing on different foods. MacArthur (1958) and Morse (1973) reported that competition between closely related warblers was reduced, in part, by differences in vertical and horizontal feeding positions and behavior. Wiens (1969), in a study of seven grassland birds, and Hespenheide (1971), in a study of three eastern deciduous forest flycatchers, found preferences in habitat based on foliage density that would lead to a spatial distribution, thereby reducing competition for food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior and food habits of the sympatric Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), and Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) that have allowed them to coexist as permanent residents in eastern Texas.
Reinventing Buddhist Practices to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change

AbstractA number of thinkers have argued that ethicists have gone about responding to climate change in the wrong way, i.e., by ‘greening’ their religious worldviews and hoping for conversion. Instead, we should be examining existing moral reform projects that can be learning experiences. In response, this article looks at three forms of Buddhist practice from below: ‘tree ordination’ by Thai ‘ecology monks,’ Joanna Macy’s ‘work that reconnects,’ and Gary Snyder’s practice of reinhabitation. Each of these practices is both promising and inadequate in meeting the moral challenge of climate change. For each of these ecological practices I will: (1) describe the practice in its social context; (2) indicate its Buddhist roots; (3) present what I see as the efficacy of the practice and its inadequacies; and (4) offer one way in which this practice might evolve towards greater efficacy.
WELFARE EFFECTS OF U.S. LIBERTY LINK RICE CONTAMINATION

United States consumer confidence in food safety is an increasingly more prominent issue in food production and marketing. Estimating the welfare effects of a breakdown in the supply chain can provide a benchmark for the cost of potential future events. In 2006, United States long grain rice stocks were contaminated with an unapproved genetically modified rice variety causing trade disruptions predominantly between the United States and the European Union. Using a spatial partial equilibrium model the economic effects of European policy on bilateral trade flows and prices during this event was an estimated loss of $421.3 million US dollars.
Elucidation of a factor essential in oxidative phosphorylation of a mammalian system.

SummaryFractionation of autoclaved liver extract with respect to a component essential for conversion of mevalonic acid to cholesterol by RNAase-treated homogenates of liver has led to the isolation of RNA. It is concluded on the basis of comparative activity of liver extract and the RNA isolated from it that the RNA represents one moiety of a more complex component, presumably a ribonucleoprotein, less susceptible to the action of RNAase.
1∶2 Matched Case-control Study on the Risk Factors of Congenital Heart Disease

Objective To explore the possible risk factors and their interactions in the occurence of Congenital heart disease(CHD),and evaluate the relative importance of each risk factor,then provide scientific guidelines for CHD′S prevention and diognosis Methods 1∶2 matched case-control study was designed,in which cases and controls’direct parents were retrospectively interviewed with the same questionnaire Firstly,conducting univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis to filter all the research factors Then using multivariate conditional Logistic stepwise regression to filter once more,interactions were involved,establishing and evaluating the optimal regrssion model Results 72 cases and 144 controls were investigated and information collected,and 66(91 67%)matched groups were used for this research 16 suspicious risk factors entered the analysis of multivariate conditional Logistic stepwise regression after univariate conditional regression analysis(alpha=0 10) The analysis results showed that 7 factors were significantly associated with the risk of CHD,no interaction among them These 7 risk factors were:maternal mental stress during early pregnancy( Z=3 20,P=0 0014 ),gestation frequencies before this child’s birth( Z=2 62,P=0 0087 ),maternal infection during the first trimester of pregnancy( Z=2 60,P=0 0094 ),maternal educational level( Z=-2 53,P=0 0114 ),maternal cold during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy( Z=2 40,P=0 0163 ),maternal B extrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy( Z=2 29,P=0 0223 ),and neonatal asphyxia or anoxia( Z=1 98,P=0 0477 ),according to the influence on the occurence of CHD from strong to week Conclusions This study showed that maternal mental stress during early pregnancy,gestation frequencies before this child’s birth,maternal infection during the first trimester of pregnancy,maternal educational level,maternal cold during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy,maternal B extrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy and neonatal asphyxia or anoxia,according to the influence on the occurence of CHD from strong to week,served as independant risk factors of CHD,no interaction found among them
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis: Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ploidy Studied by Flow Cytometry

AbstractNuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis by flow cytometry was performed successfully on 109 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Tumor tissues were from patients who were operated upon between 1960 and 1975, so that long-term clinical followup was available. There were good correlations among deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern and histological grade, pathological stage and clinical outcome. For high grade, high stage tumors deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern provided no additional prognostically important information. However, for the more common low grade, low stage tumors the occasional detection of deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy patterns identified an important subgroup of patients who experienced significantly poorer survival. (J. Urol., 140: 944–949, 1988)
Effects of Verapamil on Preservation of Renal Function After Ischemia: Functional and Ultrastructural Study

AbstractThe effects of hypothermia and verapamil, a calcium antagonist, on preventing renal damage after 60 minutes of ischemia were studied in rats. Hypothermia alone provided the best protection, and pretreatment with verapamil failed to afford protective effects in normothermic and hypothermic ischemia, findings further supported by electron microscopic studies.
Is Migraine Headache Associated With Concussion in Athletes? A Case-Control Study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between migraine headache and concussion in athletes. DESIGN: Case-control observational study. SETTING: A university-associated combined sports neurology and orthopedic sports medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 221 male (n = 140) and female (n = 81) athletes aged 12 to 24 years, including 115 concussion cases (52%) and 106 orthopedic controls (48%), were included in this study. INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed a one-page questionnaire that recorded their age, sex, reason for visit (concussion vs any other injury), concussion history, and self/immediate family member migraine headache history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The odds of having a previous history of migraine headache were compared in the concussion group versus orthopedic controls. RESULTS: Controlling for between-group differences in age and sex, there was a significant positive association between concussion group status and history of migraine headache [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-3.50. P = 0.039]. However, when including a previous concussion history in the statistical model, this relationship failed to reach significance [adjusted OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.89-3.16. P = 0.107]. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is an association between migraine headache and concussion in athletes, but the cause-effect nature of this relationship cannot be determined. Migraine headache should be considered a modifying factor when caring for concussed athletes. Language: en
The culture of sacrifice in conscript and volunteer militaries: The U.S. Medal of Honor from the Civil War to Iraq, 1861–2014

This article traces the history of one genre of commemoration, the U.S. Medal of Honor, from its inception in 1861, early in the Civil War, to the present. We begin by locating the Medal of Honor historically in relation to other genres that memorialize wartime military service and in so doing construct narratives that address wartime trauma. The central sections of this article identify the main elements of the Medal of Honor as a genre that works to define ideals of military honor and bravery. We present our methodology for analyzing the citations. We code the criteria for awarding the Medal and find a decisive change during the Vietnam War when Medals of Honor increasingly were awarded for defensive heroism, actions that saved the lives of fellow soldiers or retrieved the bodies of fallen comrades, rather than for offensive heroism, efforts to kill enemy soldiers, and thereby further battlefield success. We explain how that change allowed the military to construct a progressive narrative from defeat in Vietnam that also spoke to broader cultural changes in the 1960s. We relate that shift to the transition to an all-volunteer military. We conclude by analyzing on how post-Vietnam narratives of honor affect the ways in which the United States has sought to elicit support from soldiers and civilians for subsequent wars.
Eavesdropping and cue denial in avian acoustic signals

Although some signals seem adapted to maximize transmission of cues to intended receivers, others appear to have been selected to deny specific types of cues to unwanted receivers. We review three categories of avian vocal signals that have been suggested to show adaptation for cue denial: aerial predator alarm calls, begging calls, and soft songs and calls. Evidence supports the conclusion that aerial alarm calls are adapted to deny localization cues and that begging calls and soft songs are adapted to deny detection. Selection for denial of cues in acoustic signals has also been documented in a variety of other animals. In summary, eavesdropping by unwanted receivers is often as important in shaping the structure of acoustic signals as is selection for transmission to intended receivers.
Systems Thinking as an IWRM Tool

IWRM requires creative tools such as systems thinking to size up complex situations. Three types of systems need attention: the systems to be managed, the management system to apply, and the interrelationships among systems. The body of knowledge of systems thinking is shared among disciplines, and its common core involves models of systems, their behaviors, and their interactions with other systems. Water problems can be conceptualized as social-technical systems. For IWRM, useful tools include systems identification, system diagrams, process mapping, modeling, and case studies.
Prolonged Administration of Arsenic Trioxide (Trisenox®) for Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) at MD Anderson Cancer Center: A Phase II Study.

Abstract The value of prolonged administration of arsenic trioxide (ATO) was examined in patients (pts) with MDS and CMML. ATO (0.25 mg/kg) was given intravenously over 1 hour daily for five days followed by 0.25 mg/kg twice weekly for 11 weeks. Pts were assessed at 4 weeks, at the end of the first course, and then monthly. Pts with stable disease were eligible for further courses. The study included 14 RBC transfusion-dependent MDS pts (6 RA/RARS, 8 RAEB; 12 IPSS risk Low/Int1, 2 Int2/High), and 3 CMML pts. Median age was 67 years (range 46–84). Six pts had a history of previous treatment other than supportive care. 16 pts were evaluable for toxicity and response. One pt received 3 courses, 3 received 2 courses, and 13 received 1 course. Hematologic responses (IWG criteria) were observed in 4 pts (25%) and 9 (6 MDS,3 CMML) had stable disease: FAB Type of response Time to response Duration RA Minor erythroid 2 months 3 mo, RBC independence RAEB Major neutrophil and platelet 2 mo 3 mo RAEB BM blast decrease 18% to 1 mo 14 mo, stable pancytopenia RAEB Hematologic/cytogenetic CR 1 mo 6 mo Hematologic/cytogenetic CR was achieved in one pt: a 76 year old male, RAEB-2, Int 2, complex chromosomal abnormalities, who had previously failed thalidomide for 6 months and thalidomide + cyclosporin A for 3 months. Of the 3 CMML pts, one had transient reduction of absolute monocyte counts during each of 2 courses; all 3 had stable disease. In 24 courses there were 6 febrile episodes in 4 patients, requiring admission, all in pts with pre-existing neutropenia; 1 Grade 3 and 1 Grade 4 thrombocytopenia, 1 Grade 3 neutropenia, all requiring dose modification; 1 episode of accelerated functional cardiac rhythm; and 1 anemia-precipitated congestive heart failure, which was unlikely related to the drug. There were 22 episodes of Grade 1 or 2 drug-related toxicities. Four responses of 3–7+ mo. duration were observed, including 1 CR, suggesting activity in an as yet undefined subgroup of MDS pts. No benefit of prolonged treatment was documented. ATO was safe in this outpatient setting for elderly patients. Observed low toxicity and documented activity support future trials of ATO in combination with other agents in treatment of MDS.
Tonto and the Lone Ranger: Concepts Reveal, Concepts Mask

(2001). Tonto and the Lone Ranger: Concepts Reveal, Concepts Mask. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 459-466.
Exercise adherence in the elderly: Experience with abdominal aortic aneurysm simple treatment and prevention.

Poor adherence to health-related behaviors can have serious health consequences. Cardiac rehabilitation has been documented to have physiological and psychosocial benefits; however, optimizing adherence to exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease is a particular challenge. We recently completed a large, 6-year randomized trial of exercise training in elderly patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease (50-85 years), which provided an opportunity to describe adherence strategies in this unique group of elderly individuals. Patients were randomized to exercise therapy or usual care. Using a case-management approach, a combination of center and home-based training was used during which patients trained for up to 3 years. We observed that overall, 84% of subjects in the exercise group completed ≥1 year in the study, achieving a mean energy expenditure of 1,999 ± 1,030 kcals per week. Subjects in the exercise group were more likely to drop out of the study as compared with usual care, though none of the reasons for dropping out were associated with exercise participation (eg, exercise-related injury). Reasons for withdrawal included orthopedic problems, lost physician coverage, time constraints, and AAA repair. Although the groups were matched for AAA size at baseline, there was a trend for more AAA repairs among usual care subjects versus those in the exercise group (12 [17.6%] vs 5 [6.9%], P = 0.09). The case-managed approach to optimizing adherence used was reasonably successful in achieving a training response (ie, improvement in exercise capacity) in elderly patients with AAA, a group for whom little is previously known regarding the effects of rehabilitation.
A gap in the sport management curriculum: An analysis of sexual harassment and sexual assault education in the United States

Abstract Sport is a space possessing a permissive rape culture due to its masculine culture, and male-dominated professions have higher levels of sexual harassment and incivility compared to those industries that are gender equal or female-dominated. This research examined sport management students’ education and training on sexual harassment and sexual assault. Findings demonstrate that less than 50% of students are exposed to education on sexual harassment (46.1%) or sexual assault (35.9%) in the classroom, and less than 40% are exposed to training on sexual harassment (39.6%) or sexual assault (28.4%) in the internship setting. Students may be entering the professional workforce without the proper knowledge and training in regards to these issues.
Combining Solar Energy Harvesting with Wireless Charging for Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks

The application of wireless charging technology in traditional battery-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) grows rapidly recently. Although previous studies indicate that the technology can deliver energy reliably, it still faces regulatory mandate to provide high power density without incurring health risks. In particular, in clustered WSNs there exists a mismatch between the high energy demands from cluster heads and the relatively low energy supplies from wireless chargers. Fortunately, solar energy harvesting can provide high power density without health risks. However, its reliability is subject to weather dynamics. In this paper, we propose a hybrid framework that combines the two technologies - cluster heads are equipped with solar panels to scavenge solar energy and the rest of nodes are powered by wireless charging. We divide the network into three hierarchical levels. On the first level, we study a discrete placement problem of how to deploy solar-powered cluster heads that can minimize overall cost and propose a distributed $1.61(1+\epsilon)^2$ -approximation algorithm for the placement. Then, we extend the discrete problem into continuous space and develop an iterative algorithm based on the Weiszfeld algorithm. On the second level, we establish an energy balance in the network and explore how to maintain such balance for wireless-powered nodes when sunlight is unavailable. We also propose a distributed cluster head re-selection algorithm. On the third level, we first consider the tour planning problem by combining wireless charging with mobile data gathering in a joint tour. We then propose a polynomial-time scheduling algorithm to find appropriate hitting points on sensors’ transmission boundaries for data gathering. For wireless charging, we give the mobile chargers more flexibility by allowing partial recharge when energy demands are high. The problem turns out to be a Linear Program. By exploiting its particular structure, we propose an efficient algorithm that can achieve near-optimal solutions. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid framework can reduce battery depletion by 20 percent and save vehicles’ moving cost by 25 percent compared to previous works. By allowing partial recharge, battery depletion can be further reduced at a slightly increased cost. The results also suggest that we can reduce the number of high-cost mobile chargers by deploying more low-cost solar-powered sensors.
Hypothalamic Sensing of Bile Acids, a Gut Feeling

Bile acids facilitate dietary fat absorption upon release into the small intestine after a meal. A recent study by Liu and colleagues identifies a gut–brain axis wherein bile acids signal an energy-replete state to hypothalamic AgRP neurons via activation of neuronal FGF receptors, which orchestrate whole-body glucose metabolism.
Diagnosis and Treatment of the Patient with an Infected Abortion

Despite the fact that revised attitudes and laws concerning abortion have led to a concomitant increase in medically performed abortions and a decrease in non-medical procedures, the serious problems of the patient with an infected abortion persist [1]. The frequency of non-medical abortion and its sequelae vary geographically throughout the world, in a fashion which is generally inversely related to the sanction of medical abortion. The high rank of septic abortion in the maternal mortality and morbidity statistics in the United States has been greatly reduced in the past two decades [2]. Nonetheless, because of the persistence of non-medical abortion in some areas as well as the result of complications of medical abortions, the practioner must still deal with the clinical entity.
The Proposed SALT Regulations May Be Doomed

The IRS recently followed through on its promise to address state strategies designed to avoid the new state & local tax deduction limits. Although programs adopted by blue states sparked the IRS’s interest, the proposed regulations address both blue and red state programs. This has, predictably, led to IRS criticism from all sides. But the IRS was right to step in here. Revenue and policy concerns easily justify administrative guidance on the state strategies. Unfortunately, the proposed regulations suffer from some significant technical and conceptual flaws. Those flaws, if left unaddressed, may jeopardize the validity of any final regulations, especially as they apply to red state programs. This essay discusses the flaws in the proposed regulations and offers recommendations for improvement.
Smartphone-Based Real-Time Digital Signal Processing: Second Edition

Abstract Real-time or applied digital signal processing courses are offered as follow-ups to conventional or theory-oriented digital signal processing courses in many engineering programs for the p...
Chapter 34 – Family Herpesviridae

The family Herpesviridae has members that infect a wide range of vertebrates including mammals, birds, and reptiles. The family name is derived from the Greek herpein “to creep,” referring to the latent, recurring infections typical of this group of viruses. Most herpesviruses are very host specific. They are well adapted to their hosts and their lifestyle is to remain within an infected host for life. Many herpesvirus infections are asymptomatic. Occasionally herpesviruses cause severe systemic and/or central nervous system infections. Neonates and immunocompromised individuals are the most at risk for severe infection. There are also clear associations between some herpesviruses and cancer. Virions are enveloped with an icosahedral capsid. Virions range in size from 120 to 260 nm in diameter; capsids are about 125 nm in diameter. Between the envelope and capsid is a dense protein layer called the “tegument.” Virions contain a molecule of linear double-stranded DNA; genomes range in size from ~124 to 259 kbp encoding 70–200 proteins. In the nucleus, viral DNA circularizes. Transcription and genome replication are nuclear. Most mRNAs are not spliced and gene overlaps are common. Genome replication requires a herpesvirus DNA polymerase. Some herpesviruses also encode other enzymes required to generate adequate pools of dNTPs.
(Pro)renin receptor knockdown in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus attenuates hypertension development and AT1 receptor-mediated calcium events

PRR knockdown in PVN neurons attenuates the development of DOCA-salt hypertension and autonomic dysfunction through a decrease in ERK1/2 activation in the PVN and RVLM during hypertension. In addit...
Escape from the Python's Den: An Educational Game for Teaching Programming to Younger Students

Computer science is typically taught in college, and in some cases high school, but even children in kindergarten are capable of learning to code given the right tools and exposure to teaching methods. It is not a secret that most children enjoy video games and numerous studies have found student interest and performance to increase when using digital game-based learning (DGBL). Escape from the Python's Den is an educational game for children based on Minecraft that teaches the basics of Python programming. The game is used to instruct students in grades PK-8 in programming and to evaluate the learning styles of such students.
A Boltzmann machine for high-resolution prestack seismic inversion

AbstractSeismic inversion is one popular approach that aims at predicting some indicative properties to support the geologic interpretation process. Existing inversion techniques indicate weaknesse...
Presentation: The Living Wage EITC

This presentation was prepared for a conference hosted by the NYU Center for Labor & Employment Law titled Artificial Intelligence and Automation: Impact on Work and Workers, on June 13, 2019. The animating concern addressed in the presentation is: what if the proliferation of robots and artificial intelligence does not mean that U.S. jobs disappear, but rather means that the jobs that remain for most humans are worse jobs – jobs that are lower paying, with no chance for advancement. This development in labor markets would put pressure on the sort of labor subsidies we already have in the U.S., but would not necessarily demand a new sort of arrangement to provide for basic needs (e.g., universal basic income). A more robust Earned Income Tax Credit, or EITC would offer a more targeted solution. The Living Wage EITC contemplated here would be a long-term, ongoing subsidy for a sort of job that may become more common: somewhat low paying and with no prospects for advancement. The Living Wage EITC could account for household characteristics and cost of living to ensure a wage that a person or family can survive and thrive on, not just barely get by on.
‘Overloaded like a Bolivian truck’: Discursive constructions of gender, race, and nationalism in northern Chilean memes

Abstract Memes have become an important linguistic tool not only for communicating emotions and ideas, but also are integral to constructing the self in online space. This paper concentrates on copper miners in northern Chile and the ways they use memes to make claims related to (hetero)sexuality, mestizaje, and nationalism. With men at the mine during week-long shifts and families in towns several hours away, social media is important for maintaining communication as well as representing the self. Miners present their labor as central to their sense of self, with memes that indirectly index heterosexuality, modernity associated with resource extraction, and racial mestizaje linked to nationalism. The visibility of these memes across spaces of both mine and town gives men an opportunity to construct a cohesive digital self, with implications for reinforcing assumptions about what is appropriate gender performance.
Non-Surgical Management of Nerve Compression Headache

The nonsurgical management of nerve compression headache incorporates many aspects of care, including patient education, prevention of pain, control of acute pain, diagnosis and management of co-morbidities, and, if appropriate, referral for surgery and post-operative care. Knowledge of common co-morbidities and the management of other common headache disorders, particularly migraine, are important. The management of patients with nerve compression headaches continues even after successful surgery, as other headache types may be present, and flares of pain may occur under certain circumstances.