cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shoulder Injuries in US High School Baseball and Softball Athletes, 2005–2008

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine factors that are involved in shoulder injury rates among high school athletes who participate in organized baseball and softball. METHODS: Baseball- and softball-related injury data were collected during the 2005–2008 academic years from ∼74 nationally representative high schools via High School Reporting Information Online. RESULTS: Certified athletic trainers reported 91 baseball shoulder injuries and 40 softball shoulder injuries during 528147 and 399522 athlete exposures, respectively. The injury rate was 1.72 injuries per 10000 athlete exposures for baseball and 1.00 injuries per 10000 athlete exposures for softball. Muscle strain/incomplete tears were the most common injuries in both baseball (30.8%) and softball (35.0%). In practices, throwing, not including pitching, caused more than half of softball injuries (68.2%) as compared with competition injuries (23.5%; injury proportion ratio [IPR]: 2.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–7.15]; P = .015), whereas pitching was the most common mechanism in causing shoulder injuries during baseball practice (41.9%) compared with competitions (25.6%; IPR: 1.64 [95% CI: 0.88–3.04]; P = .17). Eighty-one percent of the baseball shoulder injuries and 82.5% of the softball shoulder injuries were new. Ten percent of baseball athletes and 5.3% of softball athletes sustained injuries that required surgery (IPR: 1.40 [95% CI: 0.32–6.10]; P = .93). Injuries that were sustained while the athlete was on the pitcher9s mound were significantly more likely to result in surgery than any other field position (IPR: 2.64 [95% CI: 1.65–4.21]; P = .0061). Injured baseball players were more than twice as likely to be pitchers. CONCLUSIONS: Although rates and patterns of shoulder injuries are similar between baseball and softball players, injury rates and patterns differ between field positions within each sport, as well as by injury severity and the athletes9 year in school.
Real time video streaming over Bluetooth using software technique

This paper provides an important method to enhance the performance of a Personal Area Network (PAN), through forging the Bluetooth (BT) communication technology programming infrastructure to provide a decent solution for the PAN service ability of real time video streaming without any additional hardware. This system was implemented to provide the said service between any two personnel computers (PC) by capturing a video streaming (25 frames/second) via a camera mounted on the first PC, then transmitting through the Bluetooth this video to be viewed in real time mode on the second PC. This system can be used to transmit/receive real time images in medical applications such as echographic images and/or IRM images.
Long-term learning of semantic grouping from relevance-feedback

Relevance-Feedback is a powerful paradigm for incorporating semantic information in content-based image retrieval. Various relevance-feedback methods have been proposed. They were evaluated according to their success-rate in individual image retrieval sessions, where each session is considered independently of other sessions. In this paper we propose a method for accumulating semantic grouping information from multiple relevance-feedback sessions. We show that such information enables gradual improvements in image retrieval, enabling the current session to benefit from knowledge acquire in previous sessions
Scalable I/O-bound parallel incremental gradient descent for big data analytics in GLADE

Incremental gradient descent is a general technique to solve a large class of convex optimization problems arising in many machine learning tasks. GLADE is a parallel infrastructure for big data analytics providing a generic task specification interface. In this paper, we present a scalable and efficient parallel solution for incremental gradient descent in GLADE. We provide empirical evidence that our solution is limited only by the physical hardware characteristics, uses effectively the available resources, and achieves maximum scalability. When deployed in the cloud, our solution has the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of complex analytics over massive datasets.
Knowledge Management and E-Learning:

The book Knowledge Management and E-Learning, which is intended for both scholars and practitioners, provides a historical perspective on the evolution of online learning and discusses the potentia...
Endogenous monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) protects mice in a model of acute septic peritonitis: cross-talk between MCP-1 and leukotriene B4.

We investigated the involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in a murine model of septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Initial studies demonstrated that CLP induced a dramatic increase in MCP-1 production in the peritoneum, followed by an increase in the recruitment of leukocytes. MCP-1 blockade with anti-MCP-1 antiserum significantly decreased the survival rate following CLP, which was accompanied by an enhanced recovery of viable bacteria from the peritoneum. This was likely due to the reduction in the recruitment and activation of both macrophages and neutrophils. To understand the mechanisms whereby MCP-1 may influence neutrophil infiltration, levels of chemokines known to attract neutrophils were monitored, which showed that peritoneal levels of macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, KC, and MIP-1α were not altered with anti-MCP-1 Abs. However, anti-MCP-1 Abs reduced the peritoneal levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by 59%. The i.p. injection of MCP-1 into normal mice resulted in elevated levels of LTB4 in the peritoneum. In vitro, MCP-1 stimulated the production of LTB4 from peritoneal macrophages, in a dose-dependent manner. A specific LTB4 receptor antagonist (CP-105,696) inhibited CLP-induced recruitment of both neutrophils and macrophages, which was accompanied by a reduced level of MCP-1 in the peritoneum. Finally, administration of CP-105,696 was extremely detrimental to the survival of mice following CLP. These experiments demonstrate that endogenous MCP-1 serves as an indirect mediator to attract neutrophils via the production of LTB4, and suggest the cross-talk can occur between MCP-1 and the lipid mediator LTB4 during septic peritonitis.
Variations in kinematics and function following patellar stabilization including tibial tuberosity realignment.

Purpose The current study was performed to characterize the influence of patellar stabilization procedures on patellofemoral and tibiofemoral dynamic motion.
Political realities of statewide smoking legislation: the passage of California's Assembly Bill 13

Objective To prepare a history of the enactment of California Assembly Bill 13 (AB 13), a state law prohibiting smoking in most workplaces passed in 1994, and to discuss its initial impacts. Methods Data were gathered from open ended interviews with representatives of voluntary health organisations, local government organisations, and principal legislators involved in the process, as well as observers around the state who could provide insight into the legislative process. Information was also obtained from legislative hearings and debates, public documents, letters and personal communications, internal memoranda, and news reports. Results The success of local tobacco control legislation in California led to a situation in which some health groups were willing to accept state preemption in order to attract the support of the state restaurant association for a bill. The decision to accept this preemption compromise was made by the state level offices of the voluntary health agencies without consulting the broader tobacco control community within California. In contrast, local tobacco control advocates did not accept this compromise, in part because of their belief that local legislation was a better device to educate the public, generate media coverage, and build community support for enforcement and implementation of clean indoor air and other tobacco control laws. Enactment of AB 13 was associated with a slowing of all local tobacco control legislation, including youth oriented laws. Conclusions Because its supporters initially doubted that AB 13 would pass, there was never an effort to reconcile the policy differences between state oriented and locally oriented tobacco control policies. This lack of consensus, combined with the political realities inherent in passing any state legislation, led to a bill with ambiguous preemption language which replaced the “patchwork of local laws” with a “patchwork of local enforcement.”
An analysis of interleavers for robust speech recognition in burst-like packet loss

An analysis into the effect of packet loss shows that a speech recogniser is able to tolerate large percentages of packet loss provided that burst lengths are relatively small. This leads to the analysis of three types of interleaver for distributing long bursts of packet loss into a series of shorter bursts. Cubic interpolation is then used to estimate lost feature vectors. Experimental results are presented for a range of channel conditions and demonstrate that interleaving offers significant increases in recognition accuracy under burst-like packet loss. Of the interleavers tested, decorrelated interleaving gives superior recognition performance and has the lowest delay. For example at a packet loss rate of 50% and average burst length 20 packets (40 vectors or 400ms) performance is increased from 49.6% with no compensation to 86% with interleaving and cubic interpolation.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Uses Lipid Raft-Colocalized CD4 and Chemokine Receptors for Productive Entry into CD4+ T Cells

In this report, we describe a crucial role of lipid raft-colocalized receptors in the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into CD4(+) T cells. We show that biochemically isolated detergent-resistant fractions have characteristics of lipid rafts. Lipid raft integrity was required for productive HIV-1 entry as determined by (i) semiquantitative PCR analysis and (ii) single-cycle infectivity assay using HIV-1 expressing the luciferase reporter gene and pseudotyped with HIV-1 HXB2 envelope or vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (VSV-G). Depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) relocalized raft-resident markers to a nonraft environment but did not significantly change the surface expression of HIV-1 receptors. MbetaCD treatment inhibited productive infection of HIV-1 by 95% as determined by luciferase activity in cells infected with HXB2 envelope-pseudotyped virus. In contrast, infection with VSV-G-pseudotyped virus, which enters the cells through an endocytic pathway, was not suppressed. Biochemical fractionation and confocal imaging of HIV-1 receptor distribution in live cells demonstrated that CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 colocalized with raft-resident markers, ganglioside GM1, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CD48. While confocal microscopy analysis revealed that HIV-1 receptors localized most likely to the same lipid microdomains, sucrose gradient analysis of the receptor localization showed that, in contrast to CD4 and CCR5, CXCR4 was associated preferentially with the nonraft membrane fraction. The binding of HIV-1 envelope gp120 to lipid rafts in the presence, but not in the absence, of cholesterol strongly supports our hypothesis that raft-colocalized receptors are directly involved in virus entry. Dramatic changes in lipid raft and HIV-1 receptor redistribution were observed upon binding of HIV-1 NL4-3 to PM1 T cells. Colocalization of CCR5 with GM1 and gp120 upon engagement of CD4 and CXCR4 by HIV-1 further supports our observation that HIV-1 receptors localize to the same lipid rafts in PM1 T cells.
MALARIA PARASITE DEVELOPMENT IN MOSQUITOES

Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles transmit malaria parasites to humans. Anopheles mosquito species vary in their vector potential because of environmental conditions and factors affecting their abundance, blood-feeding behavior, survival, and ability to support malaria parasite development. In the complex life cycle of the parasite in female mosquitoes, a process termed sporogony, mosquitoes acquire gametocyte-stage parasites from blood-feeding on an infected host. The parasites carry out fertilization in the midgut, transform to ookinetes, then oocysts, which produce sporozoites. Sporozoites invade the salivary glands and are transmitted when the mosquito feeds on another host. Most individual mosquitoes that ingest gametocytes do not support development to the sporozoite stage. Bottle-necks occur at every stage of the cycle in the mosquito. Powerful new techniques and approaches exist for evaluating malaria parasite development and for identifying mechanisms regulating malaria parasite-vector interactions. This review focuses on those interactions that are important for the development of new approaches for evaluating and blocking transmission in nature.
The Rise of the Modern State: Gradual Reform or Punctuated Transition

A state is not alive, yet it performs many of the central functions of life like replication and adaptation to new conditions to balance social protection and opportunity. As a lifelike system the rise of the modern state raises four sets of fundamental questions about its evolutionary design. A first set concerns how it became a sustainable, autonomously replicating system, capable of evolution. All non-state agglomerations such as empires or chiefdoms eventually stagnate because they are closed systems that break down over time (Weber). A state is an open system that must able to absorb fresh materials and replenish itself from its own materials, and from the perpetual adaptivity of its interacting agents. What is its algorithmic nature, what simple recurring rules account for its self-reproducing dynamic? How can we distinguish the emergent outcomes of that algorithm from the forces that created it? The resilience of the modern state can be attributed to an algorithm that specifies three essential rules, a future orientation, leadership that is dependant on logic to justify its rule, and an equity norm.
Use of Clustering Techniques for Validation of Task Analysis Models

This paper describes the development of a coin-skills curriculum for educable mentally retarded (EMR) children via the application of cluster analysis. Special emphasis has been given to (a) 2 clustering techniques that were employed to verify clusters of coin skills, and (b) the sequence in which a group of 100 EMR children acquired selected coin skills. Results obtained from the cluster analysis are evaluated in the framework of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The implications of these empirical results are discussed.
How to Score the Sexual Experiences Survey? A Comparison of Nine Methods

Objective: Although assessments of sexual assault victimization and perpetration have greatly improved, current scoring methods do not fully utilize the wealth of information they provide. The present studies assessed new methods for scoring sexual assault severity using the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss et al., 2007). Method: In 2 studies of female (n 436) and male (n 313) nonproblem drinkers who had engaged in unprotected sex within the past year, we compared 3 severity-ranking schemes, as well as 3 scoring methods per severity scheme for a total of 9 scoring methods. New severity-ranking schemes considered tactic types separately, varied combinations of assault outcomes, and accounted for multiple types and frequencies of assaults. Measures assessing convergent validity were also administered. Results: Seventy-eight percent (n 340) of the women reported victimization, and 58% (n 180) of the men reported perpetration. All severity scoring methods were strongly associated with convergent measures. Conclusions: Each scoring method is viable; however, especially among samples with greater victimization/perpetration rates, there can be advantages to incorporating multiple types and frequencies of assault experiences into SES scores. Recent refinements of the SES necessitate commensurate improvements in its scoring methods in order to significantly advance the field of sexual assault assessment.
A DPLL-based per core variable frequency clock generator for an eight-core POWER7 ™ microprocessor

A per-core clock generator for the eight-core POWER7™ processor is implemented with a digital PLL. This frequency generator is capable of smooth, controlled frequency slewing, minimizing the impact of di/dt. Frequency can be dynamically adjusted while the clock is running, and without skipping any cycles, thus enabling aggressive power management techniques.
Antigenic diversity of the asexual developmental stages of Eimeria tenella.

SUMMARY Total polypeptides from unsporulated and sporulated oocysts, sporozoites and the first two generations of merozoites of Eimeria tenella were fractionated by electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gels. The parasites are complex and the arrays of polypeptides differ for each of the developmental stages indicating that there is stagespecific control of gene expression. In particular, first generation merozoites display a markedly different polypeptide profile to that of either sporozoites or second generation merozoites. Changes in antigenicity during sporulation and the antigenic relationships between the three asexual zoite stages were examined by probing electroblotted polypeptides with a panel of antisera raised in rabbits to purified preparations of each stage. Antigenic cross-reactivity is well maintained throughout sporulation even though the sizes of antibody-reactive polypeptides change. In contrast there is a marked lack of cross-reactive epitopes between sporozoites, first and second generation merozoites.
Hematologic values in calves infected with sarcocystis cruzi

Calves were inoculated with 2 × 105 Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts. Red cell mass decreased dramatically between Days 21 and 35 post-infection and plasma volume increased concurrently, so that blood volume did not change significantly. Mild reticulocytosis and increased pyrimidine 5′ nucleotidase activity in erythrocytes occurred between Days 35 and 42. Antiglobulin tests with anti-bovine IgG, IgM and C3 were negative, with the exception of a positive test for C3 in 1 of 6 infected calves.
Repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the roles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluating pathophysiology and for pulmonary valve replacement decision support

Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) results in anatomic and functional abnormalities in the majority of patients. Although right ventricular volume load due to severe pulmonary regurgitation can be tolerated for many years, there is now evidence that the compensatory mechanisms of the right ventricular myocardium ultimately fail and that if the volume load is not eliminated or reduced by pulmonary valve replacement the dysfunction might be irreversible. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has evolved during the last 2 decades as the reference standard imaging modality to assess the anatomic and functional sequelae in patients with repaired TOF. This article reviews the pathophysiology of chronic right ventricular volume load after TOF repair and the risks and benefits of pulmonary valve replacement. The CMR techniques used to comprehensively evaluate the patient with repaired TOF are reviewed and the role of CMR in supporting clinical decisions regarding pulmonary valve replacement is discussed.
Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults

Abstract Objective Childhood trauma has been associated adult stress-related disorders. However, little is known about physiologic alterations in adults with a history of early life trauma that do not have current psychiatric or medical diagnoses. In this study, the relationships between childhood adversity and cytokine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in healthy adults were examined. Method Participants included men ( n = 18) and women ( n = 20) who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for Axis I psychiatric disorders or any major medical illness. Cytokine and CRP levels were obtained from baseline blood samples. Subjects completed the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETI-SR). The primary outcomes included serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL1-β), and CRP levels. In addition, the mean numbers of traumatic experiences (sexual, physical, emotional, general, and the summed total) were measured. Results Significant positive associations were found between the total ETI score and IL-6 ( p = 0.05), IL1-β ( p p = 0.01). Significant positive correlations were found between the number of general traumas and IL1-β ( p p p Conclusions The positive association between childhood trauma and basal cytokine levels supports the extant literature demonstrating the long-term impact of childhood trauma and stress on homeostatic systems. Importantly, this association was found in healthy adults, suggesting that these alterations may precede the development of significant stress-related psychiatric disorder or disease.
Piezoelectric energy conversion in windmills

Theory and practice for wind generators based on piezoelectric polymers are reviewed. The basic piezoelectric equations are applied to bimorphs set into mechanical oscillation by the wind. The importance of incorporating mechanical and electrical resonance into the design is emphasized. The design and performance of two rotating generators are described, and performance is compared with theory. Design improvements are proposed, and future prospects are evaluated. >
Addressing the problem of mal-employment of liberal arts graduates

Unlike technical graduates such as engineering and science, liberal arts graduates usually encounter difficulty finding jobs in their majors. A good percentage of them becomes under- or unemployed. This paper investigates and discusses an innovative approach to address this problem. We provide these students with an accelerated 12-month certificate in advanced manufacturing to help them apply for manufacturing positions. The paper discusses the design and content of the certificate.
Motorcyclist’s thumb: carpometacarpal injuries of the thumb sustained in motorcycle crashes

The purpose of this study was to investigate motorcycle crash thumb injury patterns. We hypothesized that ulnar collateral ligament injuries at the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint would be most common and there would be a side predilection due to the clutch and brake positions. Motorcyclist admissions following injury between 2002 and 2013 were reviewed, and phalangeal and metacarpal injuries treated acutely identified. Demographics, injury, and treatment characteristics were recorded. Association between laterality and injury type was assessed. Of 128 patients, 59 underwent acute treatment for thumb injuries. Eleven patients sustained thumb ulnar collateral ligament injuries; 27 sustained thumb carpometacarpal injuries. Most carpometacarpal injuries were fracture-dislocations (19/27). Thumb carpometacarpal injuries had no overall side predilection; ulnar collateral ligament injuries occurred more on the right. Carpometacarpal fractures and dislocations are the most frequent motorcycle crash thumb injury, probably due to the mechanics of gripping handlebars and the high-energy force directed into the palm and against the metacarpal base. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Language: en
Review of Bernard Haisch's Book: The God Theory: Universes, Zero-point Fields, and What's Behind It All

Bernard Haisch's "The God Theory" is required reading for anyone interested in the religion versus science debate. Haisch (page xi) notes the modern-day dilemma: "you cannot get away from the preexistence of something, and whether that is an ensemble of physical laws generating infinite random universes or an infinite conscious intelligence is something present-day science cannot resolve, and indeed one view is not more rational than the other." But Haisch's God is very real. We are God's expressions, and we labor to bring God's experience to an otherwise meaningless world. You can find this book at Amazon: The God Theory: Universes, Zero-point Fields, and What's Behind It All .
Theory and Method in the Study of Behavioral Development: On the legacy of Joachim F. Wohlwill

On July 11, 1987, Joachim F. Wohlwill died suddenly and unexpectedly. He was felled by a heart that was no match for his indefatigable spirit or his immutable energy, devotion, and commitment to his family, his work, and his countless colleagues and friends. The life of a man so warm, so connected, and so giving always ends with relationships and works in mid-stream. Jack, had he lived, would be continuing to add immeasurably to our lives and to our minds. His death has left us with activities we could only finish adequately with him, activities of both personal and professional natures.
Rotation Matrices in the Plane without Trigonometry

(1993). Rotation Matrices in the Plane without Trigonometry. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 71-73.
Selective Separation Sintering (SSS) - An Additive Manufacturing Approach for Fabrication of Ceramic and Metallic Parts with Application in Planetary Construction

Selective separation sintering (SSS) is a powder layer-based additive manufacturing method that can build parts of various scale from ceramics and metals. This can be done at relatively high speed and with minimal machine complexity. In the SSS process, a thin wall of high temperature separator powder material is deposited within the base material powder to form a barrier on the boundary of each layer. This barrier creates a separation between the part and surrounding material, which allows for the separation of the part from the surrounding powder after sintering is complete. Preliminary experiments with ceramic and metal base materials have demonstrated the feasibility of the approach. The method has also been used with JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant material and a potential in-situ separator powder to produce interlocking ceramic tiles. These tiles may be utilized for planetary construction of various structures including landing pads.
Melengestrol acetate as an effective alternative to induce a decline in egg production and reversible regression of the reproductive tract in laying hens. II. Effects on postmolt egg quality

Induced molting increases egg quality and egg production and extends the productive life of hens. Molting is accomplished by feed withdrawal, which has received criticism, and alternatives described thus far result in poor postmolt performance. Melengestrol acetate at a dosage of 4 or 8 mg/d, in a balanced diet, leads to reversible regression of the reproductive tract. However, this alternative must also increase egg quality after rest to be considered an adequate method by the industry. Hy-Line W-36 (n = 497) laying hens were assigned randomly to a diet containing 0 mg of melengestrol acetate (MGA; control) throughout the experiment or 4 or 8 mg of MGA/d for 2, 4, or 6 wk. Upon reaching 50 and 70% lay, after MGA removal, eggs were collected for measurements of egg quality, including Haugh units (i.e., internal egg quality), shell thickness, and breaking strength (i.e., external egg quality). Haugh units were greater (P < 0.05) for eggs laid by hens molted with a diet containing 8 mg of MGA for all durations compared with controls. Shell thickness was greater (P < 0.05) when hens were treated with 4 mg of MGA for 6 wk and 8 mg of MGA for 4 and 6 wk compared with control. Egg breaking strength was greater (P < 0.05) than controls for all hens fed MGA, regardless of dosage or duration of feeding. A subset of hens was fed 8 mg of MGA per hen/d for 2 wk, and eggs were collected for 3 wk. Seven days after MGA was removed from the diet, the amount of MGA in the yolk was below the level of detection of the assay, and the concentration found in the eggs at all time points was 3 orders of magnitude below the Food and Drug Administration's tolerance for MGA in edible tissue. When used as an alterative method to induce a rest, MGA leads to an increase in the internal and external egg quality of hens compared with nonmolted hens.
Pneumocephalus After Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Pneumocephalus may occur after inadvertent injection of air into the subarachnoid space while performing epidural anesthesia using a loss-of-resistance technique with air in the syringe. We report a case of pneumocephalus after an interlaminar epidural steroid injection using the loss-of-resistance to air technique. In this report, we examine the etiology, the expected course of symptoms, and resolution, as well as treatment, of pneumocephalus following a systematic literature review.
Micro size effect of commercial pure aluminum rolled at room and cryogenic temperature

Micro size effect was studied for A1060 Al specimens rolled at room and cryogenic temperature. The rolled foils with thickness of 300,200,100,50 and 25 μm were chosen to prepare tensile samples. The results show that the tensile specimens rolled at room temperature exhibits the micro size effect,which means the tensile strength of the samples first increases and then decreases with the decreasing thickness,for which the critical thickness is 100 μm. However,the micro size effect is displayed in a different type for cryogenic rolling: at the same thickness of 100 μm,there is a sudden change of the tensile strength,it increases fast. The substructure of the cryogenic-rolled specimens with high dislocation density is finer than that of the rolled specimens at room temperature,which is accounted for the higher tensile strength of the cryogenic rolled specimens than that of the cold-rolled specimens at room temperature.
Determination of K,Na,Ca,Mg in Drinking Water by ICP

[Objective]To establish a method for rapid determination of K,Na,Ca,Mg in drinking water by axial observation and radial observation using ICP. [Methods]Using the optimized conditions,the low concentration K,Na,Ca,Mg were detected by axial observation,and high concentration K,Na,Ca,Mg were detected by radial observation. [Results]The detection limits were between 1.1-27.5 μg/L.The precisions were between 0.23%-0.95%.The Recoveries were between 102.0%-110.9%. [Conclusion]This method has the advantages of rapidity,simplicity and high sensitivity,and it can satisfy the determination requirements for K,Na,Ca,and Mg in drinking water.
A Preliminary Investigation on Data Center in Smart Substation

The integration of various types of substation data is the basis for achieving substation intelligent application.The generation mechanism of various substation data and the support to data interchange by all kinds of communication protocol are analyzed.The significance of the establishment of a data center for an intelligent substation is described.The framework of the intelligent substation data center is shown.The standardization of data collection,unified storage and unified retrieval are studied.A novel method of implementing the data center is proposed.It is suggested that dynamic modeling be adopted for core data storage and the object-oriented method be used for data retrieval.High requirements are made on data quality and security management of the data center.The development potential of substations function application based on the data center in the smart grid is given.
High Throughput Combinatorial Experimentation + Informatics = Combinatorial Science

Many present, emerging and future technologies rely upon the development high performance functional materials. For a given application, the performance of materials containing 1 or 2 elements from the periodic table have been evaluated using traditional techniques, and additional materials complexity is required to continue the development of advanced materials, for example through the incorporation of several elements into a single material. The combinatorial aspect of combining several elements yields vast composition spaces that can be effectively explored with high throughput techniques. State of the art high throughput experiments produce data which are multivariate, high-dimensional, and consist of wide ranges of spatial and temporal scales. We present an example of such data in the area of water splitting electrocatalysis and describe recent progress on 2 areas of interpreting such vast, complex datasets. We discuss a genetic programming technique for automated identification of composition-property trends, which is important for understanding the data and crucial in identifying representative compositions for further investigation. By incorporating such an algorithm in a high throughput experimental pipeline, the automated down-selection of samples can empower a highly efficient tiered screening platform. We also discuss some fundamental mathematics of composition spaces, where compositional variables are non-Euclidean due to the constant-sum constraint. We describe the native simplex space spanned by composition variables and provide illustrative examples of statistics and interpolation within this space. Through further development of machine learning algorithms and their prudent implementation in the simplex space, the data informatics community will establish methods that derive the most knowledge from high throughput materials science data.
The effects of drugs on the electrophysiological properties of kidney tubules

Despite the fact that the amphibian and mammalian nephron have been the subject of extensive electrophysiological studies the effects of drugs on electrophysiological phenomena in the kidney have not been very extensively studied. Nevertheless, enough essential background information has become available on the electrical behaviour of different nephron segments as to make the study of drug effects of great interest.
Hedgehog Signaling in Prostate Development, Regeneration and Cancer

The prostate is a developmental model system study of prostate growth regulation. Historically the research focus was on androgen regulation of development and growth and instructive interactions between the mesenchyme and epithelium. The study of Hh signaling in prostate development revealed important roles in ductal morphogenesis and in epithelial growth regulation that appear to be recapitulated in prostate cancer. This overview of Hh signaling in the prostate will address the well-described role of paracrine signaling prostate development as well as new evidence suggesting a role for autocrine signaling, the role of Hh signaling in prostate regeneration and reiterative activities in prostate cancer.
Managerial Myopia and Non-Financial Measures: The Case of Customer Satisfaction Mitigating Hard-Selling

Increasingly, firms are augmenting financial measures of performance with non-financial measures of performance with a view to instill a long-run focus and reduce managerial myopia. Thus, in this paper, we utilize an agency-theoretic model to examine closely how financial measures cause managerial myopia and how non-financial measures mitigate managerial myopia. To this effect, we explicitly model a specific myopic behavior within the personal selling function, namely, hard-selling. In this context, we find that incentives based on financial measures (gross profits) do not always cause managerial myopia and that non-financial measures (customer satisfaction) are not always useful in mitigating managerial myopia. However, when non-financial measures are useful, we find that they can serve two different roles, namely, suppressing hard-selling and enhancing the utilization of the financial measure. Moreover, their introduction can either increase or decrease the weight placed on financial measures. Finally, we find that improvements in the precision of non-financial measures increase both the weight placed on non-financial measures as well as the weight placed on financial measures. Key Words: Non-financial measures; Agency theory; Salesforce compensation
Leveraging the Power of Interprofessional EHR Data to Prevent Delirium: The Kaiser Permanente Story

With the emergence of big data in healthcare, there are multiple opportunities to improve quality, safety, and affordability through leveraging robust amounts of patient data and the application of evidence-based practice and research. Current literature on Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems has focused on the data entry burden for clinicians; however, little is known about how this data is made actionable for interprofessional teams to leverage the information and work together to prevent adverse patient outcomes and intervene at the point of care. This chapter describes how pharmacists, physicians, nurses, data analysts and informatics teams at Kaiser Permanente worked together to overcome the challenges of data silos and leverage real-time knowledge from the EHR to prevent delirium in the hospital. This collaboration resulted in the design and use of a delirium risk score and care protocols by the care team. Our story includes the journey in using multiple sources of data in the EHR and leveraging each discipline’s expertise to become a coordinated, knowledge-worker team.
Abstract 33: CEACAM1 blockade increases NK cell cytotoxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

In conjunction with advances made in cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as a promising fourth modality of treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, is now routinely used as an adjunct to radiation therapy and in the recurrent/metastatic setting following treatment failure with concurrent cisplatin and radiation. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms by which HNSCC evades the immune system will aid the development of new therapies and strategies to augment an antitumor immune response. Carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed on HNSCC cells, as well as on lymphocytes, such as NK cells. Overexpression of CEACAM1 in HNSCC has been associated with a poor prognosis, higher clinical stage, recurrence, and lymph node metastasis. A phase I trial (NCT02346955) of an anti-CEACAM1 antibody is currently underway for a variety of non-HNSCC malignancies. We demonstrate that in mice inoculated with TUBO-EGFR, a murine cancer cell line, treatment with an anti-CEACAM1 antibody rescues NK cell effector function from exhaustion resulting in reduced tumor growth and enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The addition of Cetuximab has an additive effect and results in additional tumor shrinkage. Thus, these data indicate that CEACAM1 is a novel checkpoint molecule on NK cells. CEACAM1 is also expressed on tumor cells themselves; its expression in HNSCC is associated with suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity. In vitro co-incubation of NK cells with PCI-13, a human HNSCC cell line, results in IFNγ-mediated upregulation of CEACAM1 on the tumor cells. IFNγ-exposed cells are more resistant to NK cytotoxicity compared to untreated cells, suggesting that immune pressure induces upregulation of NK inhibitors. Importantly, CEACAM1+ NK cells have decreased cytotoxicity against HNSCC tumor cells compared to CEACAM1- NK cells, but the addition of an anti-CEACAM1 antibody restores NK cell effector function. Together, these data indicate that CEACAM1 acts as a checkpoint molecule and that a blocking antibody against CEACAM1 releases its immunosuppressive effects and could serve as a novel immunotherapy for HNSCC. Citation Format: Kenric Tam, Yunqin Lee, David Schoppy, John B. Sunwoo. CEACAM1 blockade increases NK cell cytotoxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 33.
Thomism and Trumpism

This essay considers what the political thought of Thomas Aquinas might help us understand about the remarkable rise of Donald Trump to the presidency. It seeks to understand not so much Trump’s personal character, but the attraction of his followers, the Trumpites, to that personal character. In particular, the essay discusses the attraction of Trump’s supporters to their own country, communities, and families, and suggests that such a love of one’s own is in accord with what Thomism would predict. The essay also discusses how Trump’s supporters find within their hero the virtues of courage and prudence, which are two important political virtues identified by Thomas and his predecessor, Aristotle. The conclusion of the essay is that Thomism explains a great deal more about the political longings of the Trumpites than we might anticipate.
Agency regarding our reasons

How much control do we have over our reasons for action? Not much, but some. We all have reasons to avoid pain and not to inflict it on others. What explains our shared reasons? On an externalist a...
Reallocation of Responsibility: Changes to the Correctional System in California Post-Realignment

This report updates a 2006 UCI study on the size and scope of California's prison, jail, parole and probation populations, with particular emphasis on both the impact of Public Safety Realignment (passed and implemented in 2011) and in comparing California to other jurisdictions.
DNArCdb: A database of cancer biomarkers in DNA repair genes that includes variants related to multiple cancer phenotypes.

Abstract Functioning DNA repair capabilities are vital for organisms to ensure that the biological information is preserved and correctly propagated. Disruptions in DNA repair pathways can result in the accumulation of DNA mutations, which may lead to onset of complex disease such as cancer. The discovery and characterization of cancer-related biomarkers may allow early diagnosis and targeted treatment, which could significantly contribute to the survival rates of cancer patients. To this end, we have applied a hypothesis driven bioinformatics approach to identify biomarkers related to 25 different DNA repair enzymes, in combination with structural analysis of six selected missense mutations of newly discovered SNPs that are associated with cancer phenotypes. Our search on 8 distinct cancer databases uncovered 43 missense SNPs that statistically significantly associated at least one phenotype. Moreover, nine of these missense SNPs are statistically significantly associated with two or more cancers. In addition, we have performed classical molecular dynamics to characterize the impact of rs10018786 on POLN, which results in the M310 L Pol ν variant, and rs3218784 on POLI, which results in the I236 M Pol ι. Our results suggest that both of these cancer-associated variants result in noticeable structural and dynamical changes compared with their respective wild-type proteins.
Continuous relaxation spectra for constitutive models in medium-amplitude oscillatory shear

We derive and demonstrate how analytical solutions for strain-controlled medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) can be coupled with a continuous distribution of relaxation times. This applies generally to the vast library of existing MAOS models, including those that are not time-strain separable. The theoretical results are important for improved certainty in model parameters, since their number can be reduced dramatically compared to a discrete distribution of relaxation times. We exemplify this continuous spectrum MAOS approach by modeling experimental data for a transient network formed from an aqueous semidilute unentangled solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium tetraborate (Borax). The full frequency-dependent MAOS signatures are fit well by only five parameters: three linear parameters for a log-normal spectral distribution and two nonlinear parameters for the strength of the nonlinearity and its cutoff time scale. Remarkably, longer modes ( τ > τ w) are not activated in the asymptotically nonlinear regime. Although this may be compatible with the possible mechanisms for the shear nonlinearities, the reason for the hard cutoff of time scales is currently unknown. Our results also suggest that the sign change location for the third-harmonic viscous nonlinearity may be sensitive to large-scale structural features (such as molar mass distribution or long-chain branching) that control the polydispersity of terminal relaxation times.We derive and demonstrate how analytical solutions for strain-controlled medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) can be coupled with a continuous distribution of relaxation times. This applies generally to the vast library of existing MAOS models, including those that are not time-strain separable. The theoretical results are important for improved certainty in model parameters, since their number can be reduced dramatically compared to a discrete distribution of relaxation times. We exemplify this continuous spectrum MAOS approach by modeling experimental data for a transient network formed from an aqueous semidilute unentangled solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium tetraborate (Borax). The full frequency-dependent MAOS signatures are fit well by only five parameters: three linear parameters for a log-normal spectral distribution and two nonlinear parameters for the strength of the nonlinearity and its cutoff time scale. Remarkably, longer modes ( τ > τ w) are not activated in the asymptoticall...
Food Sources for Homeless Youth: An Evaluation of Food Availability at a Homeless Youth Drop-In Center.

ABSTRACT Objective We utilized a validated food inventory questionnaire to assess the types and quality of food available at a homeless youth drop-in center. Methods Scores for 13 food categories were computed; higher scores indicated a greater availability of foods found in that category. A summative score was computed to assess the presence of obesogenic foods. Results Dry cereal, vegetables, and meat, were the most available foods; 83.3%, 60.9%, and 56.3% of food items in each category, respectively, were available. The food categories with least available items included candy and dairy: 26.6% and 25.4% of items in those categories, respectively. Mean obesogenic food availability score was 31 ± 4.2 (range 23–34), out of a possible score of 71. Conclusions and Implications It is possible for a drop-in center to provide healthful foods to homeless youth. Further studies examining the extent to which drop-in centers contribute to the homeless youth food environment are warranted.
Relationship Between Recency and Frequency of Youth Cannabis Use on Other Substance Use.

Abstract Purpose To assess the relationship between lifetime, past-year, and frequent past-year cannabis use on use of other substances among youth in order to inform prevention initiatives. Methods Data are from 27,900 youth aged 12–17 participating in the 2015–2016 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression assessed the relationship between levels of youth cannabis use and past-year use of other substances compared to youth with no lifetime cannabis use. Results Prevalence of lifetime cannabis use among youth was 15.4%; 3.0% reported lifetime but not past-year use, 10.3% reported past-year use Conclusions Cannabis use is prevalent among youth and associated with other substance use. Efforts to scale up prevention programming and science-based messaging on risks of substance use are needed.
Isotopic labelling in ethylene oligomerization: addressing the issue of 1-octene vs. 1-hexene selectivity.

The selectivity-determining mechanistic steps of ethylene tetramerization and trimerization are evaluated in light of isotopic labeling experiments. A mechanism based upon a shared chromacycloheptane intermediate rather than the C–C coupling of chromacyclopentanes or Cr speciation into independent trimerization and tetramerization catalysts is consistent with the data, including observed upper limits on 1-octene selectivity.
Making Every Study Count: Learning From Replication Failure to Improve Intervention Research:

Why, when so many educational interventions demonstrate positive impact in tightly controlled efficacy trials, are null results common in follow-up effectiveness trials? Using case studies from lit...