cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of ultraviolet irradiation and inhibitors of protein synthesis on the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mammalian cells in culture. II. Effects on the phosphorylation of thymidine.

Abstract DNA synthesis in mouse strain-L fibroblasts was inhibited following exposure to ultraviolet light or puromycin. The effect produced with small doses of ultraviolet light was temporary, maximum inhibition being observed 5–8 h after irradiation. The data obtained following puromycin treatment are compatible with the hypothesis that protein synthesis is a prerequisite for DNA synthesis in L cells. Despite the marked depression in intracellular DNA synthesis observed 5–8 h after these treatments, virtually no inhibition of the phosphorylation of thymidine to thymidine triphosphate or the activity of DNA polymerase could be detected at the same time. The phosphorylation of thymidine to thymidine triphosphate does not appear to be of primary importance in the regulation of DNA synthesis in these cells.
Angiographic evolution of intracoronary thrombus and dissection following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Unstable Angina [TAUSA] trial)

Abstract The evolution and progression of thrombus and dissection after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are unknown. As part of the protocol of the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Unstable Angina (TAUSA) trial, 1 and 15 minutes post-PTCA angiograms were routinely performed and evaluated by the core laboratory for the presence of thrombus and either minor or major dissection. Thrombus was present at 1 minute in 4.4% of culprit lesions. This increased to 16% at 15 minutes (p In the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Unstable Angina Trial, we prospectively assessed the evolution of thrombus and dissection over 15 minutes after angioplasty. Thrombus evolved, increasing significantly at 15 minutes whereas dissection did not. The absence of thrombus or dissection at 15 minutes was associated with a low incidence of in-hospital complications.
Model local neural networks in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion

Summary form only given, as follows. The authors describe a simulation study of the pyloric network of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. They demonstrate that a few simple activation functions are sufficient to describe the oscillatory behavior of the network. The aim is to determine the essential mechanisms necessary to specify the operation of biological neural networks so that we can incorporate them into connectionist models. The model includes rhythmically active bursting neurons and long-time-constant synaptic relations. In the process of doing this work, various models and algorithms were compared. The authors have derived some connectionist learning algorithms which have proved useful in terms of ease and accuracy in model generation. >
Local Hierarchical Grid Refinement for Analysis Using Structured Grids

Structured grids with regular shaped uniform elements are easy to generate automatically and have been used in extended finite element approaches to avoid mesh generation difficulties. But the grid or mesh should ideally have higher resolution in areas where the solution has large gradients. In this paper a technique for refinement of structured grids is presented that allows refinement of the grid without violating compatibility requirements by using solution structures constructed using approximate step functions. Essential boundary conditions are applied using implicit boundary method, which allows boundary conditions to be imposed even when there are no nodes on the boundary. This grid refinement technique is evaluated using two dimensional elasticity problems that involve stress concentration.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The broader message of accutane.

Who has the responsibility for conveying to patients the risks associated with prescription drugs? Accutane offers a classic example of a highly effective drug which also carries a significant risk of harm. While it is currently the only approved drug that can provide prolonged remission or, for some, permanent relief from a severe and disfiguring form of acne, it is also a potent human teratogen
Sales tax exemptions and credits: Time to reevaluate

The state sales tax is an inherently regressive source of revenue. This has given rise to attempts to counter the regressivity through adjustments to the basic sales tax structure through credits and exemptions. Two new alternatives appear to have both theoretical and practical advantages over simple credits and exemptions: the use of a debit card for delivering sales tax credits and a negative credit related to potential tax liability. They have the theoretical advantages of both the credit and the exemption while not having the administrative difficulties of the credit or the revenue loss of the exemption. Empirical analysis using the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the Maryland tax code indicates that the state can reduce regressivity and raise substantial revenue using either alternative. The proposed gains can be made with enhanced revenue stability, little administrative cost, and little impact on horizontal equity or efficiency.
The effects of photooxidative stress on photosystem I measured in vivo in Chlamydomonas

The effects of different photooxidative stresses on the function of photosystem I were measured in vivo in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Pholooxidative stresses included strong light, light combined with chilling to 0 °C, and light combined with several concentrations of methyl viologen. Photosystem I function was measured in vivo using the absorbance change at 820 nm associated with P700 oxidation. Photosystem II function was measured in vivo using chlorophyll fluorescence. Strong light or light combined with chilling caused inhibition of photosystem II function earlier than inhibition of photosystem I function. When photosystem I was inhibited, however, it did not recover. Light combined with 5 mmol m−3 methyl viologen caused inhibition of photosystem I function earlier than inhibition of photosystem II. If the methyl viologen concentration was reduced to 1 mmol m−3, the damage to PSI was accelerated by addition of 90 mmol m−3 chloramphenicol. This effect of chloroamphenicol suggests a role for chloroplast-encoded proteins in protecting photosystem I against photooxidative damage caused by methyl viologen.
Sympathectomy Decreases Formalin-Induced Nociceptive Responses Independent of Changes in Peripheral Blood Flow

The present experiments studied the effect of surgical sympathectomy on mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds and formalin-induced pain behaviors (FIPB) and tested if the effect of sympathectomy on FIPB is dependent on changes in peripheral blood flow. Compared to sham-operated animals, surgical sympathectomy decreased second phase FIPB but did not affect paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli. In sympathectomized and sham-operated animals, subcutaneous intraplantar injection of the nonadrenergic vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (20 μl, 1 mM) or the nonadrenergic vasodilator hydralazine (20 μl, 1 mM) prior to formalin injection decreased and increased peripheral blood flow, respectively. In sympathectomized animals, pretreatment with angiotensin II inhibited the increase of peripheral blood flow following formalin injection when compared to animals pretreated with saline or hydralazine. In sham-operated animals, pretreatment with hydralazine or angiotensin II did not alter vasodilation after formalin injection when compared to pretreatment with saline. Pretreatment with vasoactive drugs had no effect on the sympathectomy-induced decrease in FIPB. It is concluded that sympathectomy decreases FIPB by mechanisms that are independent of sympathectomy-induced changes in peripheral blood flow. The formalin test is an easy, reliable model that can be used to study the mechanisms by which the sympathetic nervous system modulates pain processing.
Intoxication as a defense against criminal charges in Florida: the research and the law

Intoxication by alcohol is sometimes viable as a partial or complete defense in certain criminal cases. Rulings and laws concerning such a defense are generally based on beliefs held by the American public and criminal justice system about the behavioral effects of alcohol. Recent psychological research, however, has yielded evidence indicating that alcohol may not always influence behavior as expected or believed in American society. In this article the relevant psychological research and case law are reviewed and then compared. In some cases, the research appears to validate legal rationale, but in others research findings challenge present views on intoxication as a criminal defense. Implications are discussed and suggestions offered for better synchronizing judicial treatment of the intoxication defense with psychological research.
Cell-type-specific and developmental regulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K mRNA in the rat nervous system

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) was originally identified as being part of the hnRNP particle. hnRNP K has subsequently been shown to be involved in a number of fundamental biological processes such as RNA transport and processing as well as transcription and translation. In addition, hnRNP K is an integral player in a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Not surprisingly given this broad array of cellular functions, hnRNP K is a highly interactive protein binding directly to both single- and double-stranded nucleic acids as well as numerous signaling proteins. Interestingly, earlier studies demonstrated that hnRNP K protein is not ubiquitously expressed and does not exist in a fixed stoichiometry with other hnRNP proteins. We have extended this earlier work and report here the spatially- and developmentally-regulated expression of hnRNP K mRNA during development of the rat nervous system. In the central nervous system, hnRNP K mRNA expression gradually decreases during development until it is restricted to a very limited number of structures including most notably the hippocampus and the retina. Immunohistochemical data indicate that hnRNP K protein expression closely parallels hnRNP K mRNA expression. In contrast to the central nervous system, hnRNP K in the peripheral nervous system remains high throughout embryonic development with dramatic expression in several peripheral ganglia.
Kinetics, equilibria and thermodynamics of ion exchange in substituted tobermorites

The Al+Na and Al+K substituted tobermorites have been hydrothermally synthesized at 175°C under saturated steam pressure and their ion-exchange characteristics for K+ and Cs+ ions have been investigated from kinetics, equilibria and thermodynamics points of view. The initial exchange of Na+ in Al+Na substituted tobermorite with K+ and Cs+ ions was found to progress by diffusion of K+ and Cs+ ions. The activation energy for the Na → K exchange was evaluated to be smaller than that for Na → Cs exchange. The standard free energy changes for the cation exchange reactions were estimated at two total molarities of 1.0 × 10−3 and 3.0 × 10−3 mol/l which were found to be negative and the affinity of univalent cations for both Al+Na and Al+K substituted tobermorites at 25°C was found to follow the order: Na+ < K+ < Cs+. These basic studies suggest that the substituted tobermorites are selective for certain ions such as Cs+ and therefore they can be used in cation exchange separations.
Selenium: Childhood Poisoning and Cystic Fibrosis

Two cases of selenium ingestion in children are described; one child with severe cystic fibrosis died. Both children had cystic fibrosis and both had low serum chloride in association with selenium usage. Neither child was exposed to excessive heat or cold weather, factors known to salt-deplete children were cystic fibrosis, although one child was dehydrated during a summer month on initial presentation. One child had protein-calorie malnutrition, a condition known to enhance selenium toxicity in animals. We conclude that selenium is a potential hazard in its use as a health food fad for children with cystic fibrosis and in overdose ingestions. Thus selenium supplementation may have contributed to the morbidity and mortality reported here.
Dependence on pH of formation and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin S fibers in the presence and absence of phosphates and polyphosphates.

Abstract This paper presents data on the effect of phosphates and polyphosphates on the formation of hemoglobin S fiber, and on the Bohr effect of hemoglobin S samples whose concentration was high enough (near 5 mM) in order to form fibers upon deoxygenation. The experiments were performed in 0.2 M Bistris or Tris buffers at 30 ° C in the presence and absence of inositol hexakisphosphate and of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Alternatively, 0.2 M phosphate buffers were used without addition of effectors. Under these conditions, few fibers were formed in Tris or Bistris buffers, while extensive fiber formation occurred in the presence of phosphates and polyphosphates. In all cases, increasing pH strongly inhibited fiber formation. At pH 7.5 and above, fibers were not formed in our samples. In the presence of phosphates and polyphosphates fiber formation reduced the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin S with respect to either hemoglobin A or soluble hemoglobin S under similar experimental conditions. The fiber-polyphosphate complexes showed a larger Bohr effect than that in hemoglobin A. In the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate fiber-forming solutions of hemoglobin S liberated as much as six protons per tetramer upon oxygen binding. The increased liberation of protons was probably due to a higher affinity of the effectors for the fibers of hemoglobin S. Very likely the higher affinity was supported by a conformational change of hemoglobin S specific for the fibers.
The Past Is Prologue: Prior Adjustment to Prison and Institutional Misconduct:

In the United States, inmates maintain high rates of recidivism when released from correctional institutions. Although a large body of research addresses indicators of risk for recidivism after rel...
Immunolocalization and endocytosis of the uterine secretory protein, uteroferrin, in pre-implantation pig trophectoderm on day 11 of pregnancy.

Uteroferrin is a progesterone-induced, iron-binding glycoprotein secreted by the glandular epithelium of the pig endometrium. Evidence is presented that maternal uteroferrin is present in trophectoderm of pre-implantation pig blastocysts on day 11 of pregnancy. Although [35S]-methionine was not incorporated into uteroferrin during in vitro culture of blastocysts, solubilized tissue extracts from 10–20-mm-diameter blastocysts contained uteroferrin by western blotting with monospecific antiserum to uteroferrin. Uteroferrin was detected in the apical and basolateral cytoplasm of trophectoderm by immunocytochemistry of paraffin-embedded blastocysts. Immunostaining was excluded from cells of the endoderm and the inner cell mass. Further-more, blastocysts internalized fluorescein-labeled uteroferrin from medium during in vitro culture in a temperature-dependent manner. Fluorescent label was located in apical and basolateral cytoplasm in a punctate distribution, and clustered in the supranuclear region of trophectoderm. Addition of a threefold excess of unlabeled uteroferrin to culture medium did not inhibit uptake. These results suggest that the pre-implantation pig blastocyst actively endocytoses uteroferrin from glandular secretions in utero. Uptake was restricted to trophectoderm.
Understanding temporal rainfall intensity scaling

Understanding how rainfall intensity scales with time is useful for determining how often and for how long the most intense rainfall bursts are likely to occur. The most common way to study temporal rainfall scaling is to analyze continuous rainfall measurements, including rainstorms and dry interstorm periods. However, Veneziano and Lepore now show that continuous analysis produces spurious results that mainly reflect the alternation of dry and wet periods. Analyzing within-storm intensity rather than continuous records gives results showing higher intermittency.
Theoretical and experimental studies of water interaction in acetate based ionic liquids.

Water interactions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][CH3COO]) were studied utilizing classical and ab initio simulation methods. The self-diffusivities for water and the ionic liquid (IL) were studied experimentally using pulse field gradient NMR spectroscopy and correlated with computational results. Water forms hydrogen bonding networks with the ionic liquid, and depending on the concentration of water, there are profound effects on the self-diffusivities of the various species. Both simulation and experiments show that the self-diffusivities for species in the water–[emim][CH3COO] system exhibit minima at 40–50 mol% water. Water interaction with the [CH3COO]− anion predominates over the water–water and water–cation interactions at most water concentrations. Simulations further indicate that decreasing water–[CH3COO]− interaction will increase the IL and water self-diffusivities. Self-diffusivities in the water–IL systems are dependent upon the cation in a complex way. Water interactions with [P4444][CH3COO] are reduced compared to [emim][CH3COO]. The [P4444]+ cation is bulkier than the [emim]+ cation and has a smaller self-diffusivity, but when water was introduced to [P4444] [CH3COO], the water–[CH3COO]− hydrogen bonding network in the [P4444][CH3COO] was much smaller than the one observed in [emim][CH3COO].
Cyclization of α,ω heterotelechelic polystyrene prepared by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

Abstract Polystyrene prepared by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) bearing a benzyl chloride on the α-terminus was converted to an azide by S N 2 displacement, followed by oxidative replacement of the alkoxyamine with a terminal acetylene using ceric ammonium nitrate and propargyl alcohol at the ω-terminus. Macrocyclization using copper(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition resulted predominately in macrocyclic polymers. Azidation of polystyrene prepared by NMRP upon thermolysis with ethanesulfonyl azide provided partial incorporation of azide in place of the terminal alkoxyamine.
Modeling the longitudinal impact of legal sanctions on narcotics use and property crime

Structural equation models are used to confirm the suppressive effects of legal sanctions, e.g., probation and parole, on narcotics use and property crime. Both concurrent and longitudinal effects of legal sanctions are tested within two different models, which together span the entire addiction career. The findings indicate that (1) the suppressive effects of legal sanctions are evident only when legal sanctions are operationalized as parole or probation officer contact where urine monitoring is utilized; (2) only concurrent suppressive effects are statistically significant, and longitudinal suppressive effects are not; (3) both narcotics use and property crime are suppressed by legal sanctions, although the latter is less responsive than the former to intervention by the criminal justice system; and (4) suppressive effects tend to be more pronounced later in the addiction career. The significance of the findings and the implications for criminological theory related to issues regarding surveillance effects are emphasized.
p‐version least‐squares finite element formulation for convection‐diffusion problems

This paper presents a p-version least-squares finite element formulation of the convection-diffusion equation. The second-order differential equation describing convection-diffusion is reduced to a series of equivalent first-order differential equations for which the least-squares formulation is constructed using the same order of approximation for each of the dependent variables. The hierarchical approximation functions and the nodal variable operators are established by first constructing the one-dimensional hierarchical approximation functions of orders pξ and pη and the corresponding nodal variable operators in ξ and η-direction and then taking their products. Numerical results are presented and compared with analytical and numerical solutions for a two-dimensional test problem to demonstrate the accuracy and the convergence characteristics of the present formulation. The Gaussian quadrature rule used to calculate the numerical values of the element matrices, vectors as well as the error functional I(E), is established based on the highest degree of the polynomial in the integrands. It is demonstrated that this quadrature rule with the present p-version formulation produces excellent results for very low as well as extremely high Peclet numbers (10-106) and, furthermore, the error functional I (sum of the integrals of E2) is a monotonically decreasing function of the number of degrees of freedom as the p-levels are increased for a fixed mesh. It is shown that exact integration with the h-version (linear and parabolic elements) produces inaccurate solutions at high Peclet numbers. Results are also presented using reduced integration. It is shown that the reduced integration with p-version produces accurate values of the primary variable even for relatively low p-levels but the error functional I (when calculated using the proper integration rule) has a much higher value (due to errors in the derivatives of the primary variable) and is a non-monotonic function of the degrees of freedom as p-levels are increased for a fixed mesh. Similar behaviour of the error functional I is also observed for the h-models using linear elements when reduced integration is used. Although the h-models using parabolic elements produce monotonic error functional behaviour as the number of degrees of freedom are increased, the error values are inferior to the p-version results using exact integration.
Conduction mechanisms in polyaniline (emeraldine salt)

Abstract The conductive emeraldine salt form of polyaniline features a partially filled valence band. Conduction parameters can therefore be evaluated from linear sweep voltammetry data on the further assumption that charge transport occurs via a hopping mechanism. From cyclic voltammograms the density of states at the Fermi level is estimated at 0.6 states/(eV polaron). Similarly the mobility is of the order of 0.2 m 2 V −1 s −1 . This low value indicates that the electronic states are localized, consistent with the assumption of a hopping mechanism. This localization may be the result of structural and dynamic disorder inherent in the polyaniline system. Proton exchange with absorbed moisture and proton tautomerism represent forms of dynamic disorder affecting conductivity.
NMR-Based Structural Modeling of Graphite Oxide Using Multidimensional 13C Solid-State NMR and ab Initio Chemical Shift Calculations

Chemically modified graphenes and other graphite-based materials have attracted growing interest for their unique potential as lightweight electronic and structural nanomaterials. It is an important challenge to construct structural models of noncrystalline graphite-based materials on the basis of NMR or other spectroscopic data. To address this challenge, a solid-state NMR (SSNMR)-based structural modeling approach is presented on graphite oxide (GO), which is a prominent precursor and interesting benchmark system of modified graphene. An experimental 2D 13C double-quantum/single-quantum correlation SSNMR spectrum of 13C-labeled GO was compared with spectra simulated for different structural models using ab initio geometry optimization and chemical shift calculations. The results show that the spectral features of the GO sample are best reproduced by a geometry-optimized structural model that is based on the Lerf−Klinowski model (Lerf, A. et al. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 4477); this model is composed of i...
Effect of second phase precipitation on limiting grain growth in alloy 718

Significant work has been performed in the past to understand the role of second phase precipitates on limiting grain growth in alloys. However, there still exist some questions regarding the dependence of the limiting grain size on the volume fraction of the second phase, and on the spatial distribution of the precipitates relative to the grain boundaries. One major aspect of the disagreement has been the functional dependence of the limiting grain size on the volume fraction of the second phase. This aspect has been studied for Inconel 718.
Interfacial Reactivity of Hydroxyl-Terminated Monolayers in the Absence of Solvents

The authors compare the interfacial reactivity between vapor- or liquid-phase heptanoyl chloride (C{sub 6}COCI) and hydroxyl-terminated monolayers prepared from 4-hydroxythiophenol (HTP), 11-mercaptoundecanol (MUD), and a hydroxyl-terminated, fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4-OH). Fourier transform infrared - external reflection spectroscopy indicates that both vapor- and liquid-phase C{sub 6}COCI reacts with all three hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to yield ester-coupled bilayers. The spectroscopic data were confirmed by contact-angle goniometry, which revealed advancing contact-angle increases of between 60 and 75{degree} after vapor-phase reaction, and ellipsometric measurements, which indicated that the films increased in thickness by 0.4--0.6 nm. Similar results were obtained when the ester-coupling reaction was carried out in liquid-phase CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}. Real-time, quantitative surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based nanogravimetry indicates that the vapor-phase reactions go to completion in MUD > HTP. This is interpreted in terms of monolayer structure and the intrinsic properties of the particular coupling reaction studied.
Stakeholder Salience, Structural Development, and Firm Performance: Structural and Performance Correlates of Sociopolitical Stakeholder Management Strategies:

This study attempts to establish the importance of firm-level interactions with sociopolitical stakeholders in explaining firms prospects for survival. Institutional arguments are proposed to explain the effects of internal structures-both organizational and phenomenological-on firms sociopolitical relational strategies, whereas arguments grounded in the stakeholder view of the firm are advanced to explain effects of sociopolitical stakeholder relations on firm performance. Findings indicate that firms tended to adopt cooptative relationships with sociopolitical stakeholders. Furthermore, firms cooperativeness toward sociopolitical stakeholders had little effect on financial performance but, under some conditions, had positive effects on social performance. Implied is that markets may not be an effective governance mechanism to ensure firms alignment with democratic institutions in a plural society and that public policies may be needed to address these failures.
Abstract 3933: To image or not to image by bioluminescence? A question of validation for live animal imaging.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is an optical approach that enables rapid, non-invasive and real-time analysis of various cellular and molecular events in live animals. For over a decade, BLI has been widely used to monitor tumor take, growth, metastasis and treatment efficacy in preclinical cancer research. The technique is based on the light-emitting enzyme luciferase expressed in the live cells as internal light sources that can go through the tissue and be detected externally as the biological readout. Numerous studies have reported BLI applications for internal organ cancers and metastases, however few, in our opinion, underwent careful and rigorous validation to assess reliability and establish best-practice protocols. Our recent applications of BLI to detect xenograft tumors of human cancers and metastases highlight many practical challenges. In a subcutaneous model with LNCaP-AR-luc prostate cancer cells, we observed a linear regression R2 = 0.062 (n = 32; p = 0.056) for BLI readout (15 minute post i.p. D-luciferin for all mice imaged) vs. tumor weight at necropsy. In addition, subcutaneous xenograft tumors inoculated on two flanks within the same mice could vary as much as 10-fold in BLI per gram. In an intraprostatically-inoculated human PC-3-luc prostate cancer model, we observed a linear regression R2 = 0.080 (n = 16; p = 0.229) for BLI readout vs. tumor weight at necropsy. In a subcutaneous model of MDA-MB-231-luc breast cancer cells, correlation between tumor volume and BLI was less linear than that between tumor weight and tumor volume. Preliminary histology examination suggested that extent of central necrosis could not completely account for the poor correlation between tumor weight (all smaller than 1 g) and BLI. Examination of BLI readout kinetics showed considerable individual variability of peak intensity time, confirming findings of others (e.g., Keyaerts et. al, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008; 35:999 -1007; Sim et. al, Cancer Res 2011;71:686 - 692). We are currently examining differences in cellular expression of luciferase and tumor vascularity as potential contributors to the discordance between BLI readout and tumor weight. In summary, positive BLI readout can be a reliable predictor of the presence of tumor, but careful validation is required to improve its predictive power of tumor burden for specific BLI applications. Grant supports: R21AT005383; R01AT007395. Citation Format: Yong Zhang, Suni Tang, Jinhui Zhang, Cheng Jiang, Junxuan Lu. To image or not to image by bioluminescence? A question of validation for live animal imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3933. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3933
Kinetic Energy of Nuclei in the Hartree Model

In the present note the question of the separation of the kinetic energy of the center of gravity from the total kinetic energy of the nucleus is considered. This separation is necessitated in the calculation of nuclear energy levels by the use of the Hartree method. It is found that under certain conditions the wave function for the whole nucleus in absolute coordinates can be replaced by a product of the same function of the coordinates of the particles relative to the center of gravity and a $1s$ wave function for the center of gravity. These conditions are that oscillator wave functions be used for the individual particles and that the nucleus contain only one partly filled shell in both protons and neutrons with all shells of lower energy quantum number filled. It then follows that the kinetic energy of the nucleus is equal to the value calculated in absolute coordinates minus the energy of a single $1s$ particle.
DNA-Encoded Antibody Libraries: A Unified Platform for Multiplexed Cell Sorting and Detection of Genes and Proteins

Whether for pathological examination or for fundamental biology studies, different classes of biomaterials and biomolecules are each measured from a different region of a typically heterogeneous tissue sample, thus introducing unavoidable sources of noise that are hard to quantitate. We describe the method of DNA-encoded antibody libraries (DEAL) for spatially multiplexed detection of ssDNAs and proteins as well as for cell sorting, all on the same diagnostic platform. DEAL is based upon the coupling of ssDNA oligomers onto antibodies which are then combined with the biological sample of interest. Spotted DNA arrays, which are found to inhibit biofouling, are utilized to spatially stratify the biomolecules or cells of interest. We demonstrate the DEAL technique for (1) the rapid detection of multiple proteins within a single microfluidic channel, and, with the additional step of electroless amplification of gold-nanoparticle labeled secondary antibodies, we establish a detection limit of 10 fM for the protein IL-2, 150 times more sensitive than the analogue ELISA; (2) the multiplexed, on-chip sorting of both immortalized cell lines and primary immune cells with an efficiency that exceeds surface-confined panning approaches; and (3) the co-detection of ssDNAs, proteins, and cell populations on the same platform.
Neighboring optimal feedback law for higher-order dynamic systems

In recent years, using tools from linear and nonlinear systems theory, it has been shown that classes of dynamic systems in first-order forms can be alternatively written in higher-order forms, i.e., as sets of higher-order differential equations. Input-state linearization is one of the most popular tools to achieve such a representation. The equations of motion of mechanical systems naturally have a second-order form, arising from the application of Newton's laws. In the last five years, effective computational tools have been developed by the authors to compute optimal trajectories of such systems, while exploiting the inherent structure of the dynamic equations. In this paper we address the question of computing the neighboring optimal for systems in higher-order forms. It must be pointed out that the classical solution of the neighboring optimal problem is well known only for systems in the first-order form. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) derivation of the optimal feedback law for higher-order linear quadratic terminal controller using extended Hamilton-Jacobiequations; (ii) application of the feedback law to compute the neighboring optimal solution.
Evolution of plastic anisotropy for high-strain-rate computations

Abstract A model for anisotropic material strength, and for changes in the anisotropy due to plastic strain, is described. This model has been developed for use in high-rate, explicit, Lagrangian multidimensional continuum-mechanics codes. The model handles anisotropies, in single-phase materials, in particular the anisotropies due to crystallographic texture—preferred orientations of the single-crystal grains. Textural anisotropies, and the changes in these anisotropies, depend overwhelmingly on the crystal structure of the material and on the deformation history. The changes, particularly for complex deformations, are not amenable to simple analytical forms. To handle this problem, the material model described here includes a texture code, or micromechanical calculation, coupled to a continuum code. The texture code updates grain orientations as a function of tensor plastic strain, and calculates the yield strength in different directions. A yield function is fitted to these yield ‘points’. For each computational cell in the continuum simulation, the texture code tracks a particular set of grain orientations. The orientations will change due to the tensor strain history, and the yield function will change accordingly. Hence, the continuum code supplies a tensor strain to the texture code, and the texture code supplies an updated yield function to the continuum code. Since significant texture changes require relatively large strains—typically, a few percent or more—the texture code is not called very often, and the increase in computer time is not excessive. The model was implemented, using a finite-element continuum code and a texture code specialized for hexagonal-close-packed crystal structures. The results for several uniaxial stress problems and an explosive-forming problem are shown.
algebraic decay of successive harmonics in a model two-dimensional system

We report a high-resolution synchrotron x-ray scattering study of the weakly incommensurate stripe-domain phase of stage-4 bromine-intercalated graphite. We demonstrate power-law behavior at five harmonics ($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{G}}$) of the mass density wave, and confirm the scaling of the structure factor with ${G}^{2}$. Our results are consistent with recent theories of the two-dimensional uniaxial commensurate-incommensurate transition.
Urgent tracheal intubation in general hospital units: an observational study

Abstract Study Objective To determine the frequency of complications and outcomes of urgent intubations in general hospital units. Design Prospective, observational, cohort study. Setting University-affiliated hospital. Patients 150 patients who underwent tracheal intubation in the general care units. Interventions A standardized data collection form was used prospectively to record events at the time of intubation. Patient outcomes were extracted from the medical record. Measurements and Main Results The complication rate was 27%. The most common complications were multiple attempts (9% required >2 intubations) and esophageal intubation (9%). The complication rate for elective intubation (22%) was similar to the complication rate for emergent intubations (27%). Of patients intubated in the general care units, 52% survived and 33% of these were discharged. There was no significant difference ( P = 0.46) in survival between the patients intubated electively (59%) and emergently (50%). There was no significant difference ( P = 0.63) in survival between patients with (48%) and without complications (54%). Conclusions Endotracheal intubation in general hospital units carries a high rate of complications, and patients who are intubated in general hospital units have a high mortality.
Melanin photoreactions in aerated media: electron spin resonance evidence for production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract Electron spin resonance measurements on aerated melanin suspensions during photoirradiation show changes in the microwave saturation of melanin free radicals and formation of adducts in the presence of spin traps. These observations indicate that oxygen is reduced to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.
Transfer of Conditioned Appetitive Stimuli to Conditioned Aversive Excitatory and Inhibitory Stimuli

Abstract The transfer of Pavlovian appetitive stimuli to Pavlovian aversive stimuli was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, rats received appetitive (Ap) conditioning designed to establish a flashing-light stimulus as either a CS+, CSo, or CS− for food, or to maintain it as a novel stimulus for US-alone subjects. Then, the stimulus was employed as a signal for weak shock in conditioned-emotional-response (CER) training. Both acquisition and extinction results showed that the ApCS+ facilitated and the ApCS− retarded aversive excitatory conditioning relative to the ApCSo and US-alone controls. Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1 with both a moderate and a severe shock in CER training. In Experiment 3, different groups received the same appetitive conditioning as before, but to a flashing-light stimulus which was then employed as a signal for no shock in CER training. The ApCS− facilitated and the ApCS+ retarded aversive inhibitory conditioning relative to ApCSo and US-alone controls. Collectively, these findings establish that, in Pavlovian conditioning, transfer of an appetitive CS to an aversive excitor or inhibitor is facilitated by maintaining the initial conditioning contingency.
A microtiter plate transglutaminase assay utilizing 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine as substrate

Transglutaminases belong to an important family of enzymes involved in hemostasis, skin formation, and wound healing. We describe a technique for the measurement of transglutaminase activity using polystyrene microtiter plates coated with N,N'-dimethylcasein. The substrate 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine is covalently incorporated into N,N'-dimethylcasein by transglutaminase in a calcium-dependent reaction. The biotinylated product is detected by streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and quantitated by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm following the addition of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The assay is sensitive, specific, and linear at plasma factor XIIIa concentrations between 0.08 and 1.25 micrograms/ml and at purified guinea pig liver transglutaminase concentrations between 0.05 and 0.8 microgram/ml. The intra-assay coefficient of variation is less than 8%. The solid-phase assay was used to quantitate the transglutaminase activity in Escherichia coli extracts expressing recombinant factor XIII A-chains and to analyze factor XIIIa inhibitors. This method will facilitate the analysis of structure-function relationships of the transglutaminases using recombinant DNA methods. Furthermore, screening of natural and synthetic factor XIIIa inhibitors will be expedited by this solid-phase microtiter plate assay.
Properties of Regge trajectories

Early Chew-Frautschi plots show that meson and baryon Regge trajectories are approximately linear and non-intersecting. In this paper, we reconstruct all Regge trajectories from the most recent data. Our plots show that meson trajectories are non-linear and intersecting. We also show that all current meson Regge trajectories models are ruled out by data.
PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AS A SURGICAL RISK.

Abstract In general, the surgical risk for the patient with coronary disease as measured by mortality and morbidity rates is two to three times that of the total population having operations and greater than that provided by other forms of heart disease. The risk factor for a given patient with coronary disease is variable and depends upon many factors; the most significant relate to the type of clinical manifestations and the presence or absence of complications. Less important modifying factors to be considered are age, general condition of the patient, type and duration of surgery and anesthesia. Reduction or elimination of the risk requires the teamwork and diligence of the attending or consulting physician or both, the surgeon and the anesthesist in a well planned and executed program of preoperative, operative and postoperative management.
The Theory of the Deuteron Stripping Reactions

The deuteron stripping reactions are analyzed from the point of view of the many-body problem. A rigorous formal solution is given. From this it is shown how assumptions less restricted than Butler's can be employed to reduce the many-body interactions to those of a deuteron moving in a potential well. At this point, the relation to previous theories is readily established. The present theory might be termed "the optical model" of the stripping reactions and represents a considerable generalization of current theories.
Comparative C19-radiosteroid metabolism by MA 160 and HeLa cell lines

Since the designation of the human MA 160 line as prostatic epithelial cells has been questioned and the possibility of HeLa cross contamination raised, this comparative study of C19-radiosteroid transformation in MA 160 and HeLa monolayer cultures was done to determine whether these cells possess the distinguishing features of reductive and oxidative androgen metabolism expected in male and female genital organs, respectively. We compared the radiometabolite patterns produced by incubating [14C]testosterone (300nM) and [3H]testosterone (3nm) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one) with cultures of prostatic MA 160 and HeLa Parent, TCRC-1, TCRC-2 and ATC 229 cells. C19-Radiosteroid metabolite patterns from MA 160 cell incubations also were compared with patterns generated by MA 196 fibroblasts from abdomnal skin of the same donor. MA 160 cells metabolized radiotestosterone predominantly to 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol. The diol epimers were the principal metabolites of 5α-dihydrotestosterone radiosubstrate. In contrast, radiotestosterone metabolism by MA 196 and HeLa Parent, TCRC-1 and TCRC-2 cells was overwhelmingly to the 17-oxosteroids 4-androstene-3,17-dione and androsterone. Another pathway was operative in HeLa 229 and, to a minor extent, in TCRC-1, which converted radiotestosterone to 4-androstene-3α,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-dol, with little formation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. MA 160 cells thus metabolize radiotestosterone preponderantly to 5α-reduced 17β-hydroxysteroids as expected for prostatic epithelial cells, whereas HeLa cells show heterogeneity in metabolizing the labeled hormone by the alternative 17-oxosteroid and Δ4 pathways.
Tracking signal test to monitor an intelligent time series forecasting model

Extensive research has been conducted on the subject of Intelligent Time Series forecasting, including many variations on the use of neural networks. However, investigation of model adequacy over time, after the training processes is completed, remains to be fully explored. In this paper we demonstrate a how a smoothed error tracking signals test can be incorporated into a neuro-fuzzy model to monitor the forecasting process and as a statistical measure for keeping the forecasting model up-to-date. The proposed monitoring procedure is effective in the detection of nonrandom changes, due to model inadequacy or lack of unbiasedness in the estimation of model parameters and deviations from the existing patterns. This powerful detection device will result in improved forecast accuracy in the long run. An example data set has been used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The conceptual centrality of causal cycles.

How do causal cycles affect judgments of conceptual centrality? Generally, a feature is central to a concept to the extent that other features in the concept depend on it, thereby rendering it immutable from the concept (Sloman, Love, & Ahn, 1998). Previous research on conceptual centrality has focused primarily on features involved in four major types of dependency structures: simple cause-effect relations, causal chains, common-cause structures, and common-effect structures. Causal cycles are a fifth type of dependency structure commonly reported in people’s real-life concepts, yet to date, they have been relatively ignored in research on conceptual centrality. The results of six experiments suggest that previously held assumptions about the conceptual representation of cycles are incorrect. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of theory-based concepts.
Nitrogen Metabolism of Normal and High-Seed-Protein Soybean

Nitrogen metabolism differences, including N 2 fixation between high and normal-seed-protein soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines of equivalent plant maturity and seed yielding ability have not been determined in field tests. A replicated field experiment was conducted in 1985 and 1986 to determine such differences on a Mattapex silt loam (fine, silty, mixed, mesic Aqualfic Hapludult) with low soil N. The study used the nodulating-nonnodulating N difference method to estimate N 2 fixation of two soybean lines with contrasting seed protein levels (...)
Shear dependence of viscosity for perfluoropolyether fluids

The shear dependence of the bulk viscosities of two structurally different types of perfluoropolyether fluids was determined by two different techniques. The first involved direct measurement in a high shear Couette viscometer, the second utilized the time-temperature superposition principle to establish master curves from viscosity determinations at low shear rates and temperature; the results are comparable. Both fluids begin to show non-Newtonian behavior at shear rates above 10,000 s−1.
Modeling the Effects of Political Information Source Use and Online Expression on Young Adults’ Political Efficacy

This online survey conducted at a public university in the Northwest (N = 434) examines the influence of political involvement, information source attention, and online political discussion on young adults’ political efficacy. A factor analysis indicated that political information sources loaded into three factors including conventional and online hard news media such as newspapers, opinion and social media such as blogs or social networking websites, and public affairs websites including government and candidate websites. A path analysis revealed significant differences in their association with online political expression and external efficacy. As an entry point in the theoretical model, involvement in public affairs positively associated with attention to political information sources, online political expression, and external political efficacy. Attention to hard news and to public affairs websites positively predicted political efficacy. Attention to online opinion and social media and to public affa...