cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of 5-Fluorouracil Toxicity Associated With Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Gene (DPYD) Polymorphism Using the Secondary Structure Prediction Programs

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is rapidly degraded by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolic pathway of 5-FU and pyrimidines. A tolerable therapeutic dose of 5-FU for a DPD-normal patient can make a DPD-deficient patient intolerable. These inter-individual variations in the body’s response and tolerance to drugs can be attributed to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among others. To save a patient’s life and money, health professionals need a convenient and reliable way to find out a patient’s tolerance to 5-FU prior to clinical trials or 5-FU therapy. Here I present a simple, easy and fast way to predict an individual’s intolerance to 5-FU using the secondary structure prediction programs, YASPIN, PSIPRED and Jpred 3, freely available to anyone. These programs predict the DPD secondary structure with and without mutation (s) within DPYD so that an impact of the mutation-induced structural changes on functional sites of human DPD domains can be deduced. Among 11 SNPs analyzed as samples, two missense mutations, D949V (SNP A2846T) and C953S (SNP G2858C), in the DPD domain V are predicted to cause disruption of the domain core responsible for [4Fe-4S] clusters. Furthermore, a point mutation in a splicing region (In 14 G1A) in DPYD is predicted to produce truncated DPD mRNAs (exon 14 skipping) and disabled DPD proteins (missing 55 amino acids from D581 to N635) which cause a complete loss of DPD activity. SWISS-MODEL predicts significant change in the three dimensional structures of human DPD in the presence of exon 14 skipping, D949V and C953S mutation. Thus, prediction by these secondary structure prediction programs provides useful and reliable information about toxicity associated 5-FU due to mutation (s) in DPYD.
Race, Religion, and Anti-Poverty Policy Attitudes

Using the 2008 National Politics Study, the present study indicates that while African Americans are more likely than whites to hear sermons about poverty and other political issues, hearing such sermons more consistently associates with support for anti-poverty government programs among non-Hispanic whites than among both African Americans and Hispanics. The racially/ethnically marginalized status of blacks and Hispanics may contribute to these groups being more receptive than whites to religious messages emphasizing social inequality. The contrasting racial experiences of dominance and marginalization may also help explain why hearing politicized sermons is more meaningful to the progressive social welfare attitudes of whites than to African Americans and Hispanics. This expectation is rooted in the heightened variability of perspectives among whites and their religious organizations regarding the government's role in aiding the economically disadvantaged. Conversely, the vast majority of blacks and Hispanics support the government helping individuals who fallen upon hard times. The greater variability in opinion among whites may also allow for greater differences in opinion to emerge between whites who attend relative to those outside of religious congregations led by clergy emphasizing spiritual and political solidarity with the poor than is the case for African Americans and Hispanics.
Breath-Holding Spells

The clinical characteristics, types, diagnosis, and management of breath-holding spells are reviewed from The Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), Park Nicollet Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
The Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Changes on Homicide in Eastern Europe

This chapter draws on literature from a variety of disciplines (criminology, sociology, political science, and public health) to describe and explain the effects of the postcommunist political, economic, and social changes on homicide in Central and Eastern Europe. It first describes the state of knowledge about homicide rates and trends during the communist period. Next, it describes the changes in homicide rates and events that occurred after the fall of communism. Then, it reviews research studies that have provided explanations for homicide changes during the postcommunist period. Finally, it discusses three ways in which homicide research in Eastern Europe should be expanded.
Introducing lower boundary conditions perturbations in a convection-permitting ensemble system: sensitivity to soil moisture perturbation

The aim of this study is to assess the behavior of the high-resolution COSMO model, having convection explicitly solved, to different soil moisture initializations. This work is devoted to understand if and how the model is sensitive to the initial condition of the soil water content. Four different case studies, representing four different meteorological regimes, have been selected for such a purpose using different soil moisture fields prepared ad hoc. Results confirm that the model is very sensitive to the perturbation of the initial conditions of the soil water content, showing a significant spread increase in main prognostic variables, near the soil as well as upper in the atmosphere. These results suggest that an ensemble system, based on a high-resolution convection-permitting model, could benefit in terms of spread increase if a perturbation of the initial conditions of the soil moisture would be added to the classic perturbation of the atmosphere. For an evaluation of the performances of this kind of ensemble system, a comparison with observations should be performed.
Fahrdynamische Grundlagen der energieeffizienten Antriebsauslegung für elektrische Schienenfahrzeuge des Nahverkehrs

Am Beispiel einer konkreten Strasenbahn wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Auslegung des Antriebs auf den fur die Traktion aufgewendeten Energiebedarf hat. Es zeigt sich, wie bestimmend im Nahverkehr die fahrdynamischen Anforderungen fur den Energieverbrauch sind. Neben einer energieoptimierten Auslegung aller Antriebskomponenten sind adaquat zur jeweiligen Transportaufgabe vorgegebene fahrdynamische Anforderungen fur die Energieeffizienz eines elektrischen Schienenfahrzeuges bestimmend.
Moisture dependent wear mechanisms of gallium nitride

Abstract Ultralow wear nature of gallium nitride (GaN) has been revealed recently. The wear rate for GaN has a significant dependence on humidity, ranging from 9 × 10−9 mm3/Nm to 9.5 × 10−7 mm3/Nm; the mechanisms responsible for this variation in wear remain unclear. Here, we performed reciprocal sliding test on GaN under different environments and characterized the chemical compositions of corresponding worn surface by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We show that the surface chemistry of GaN responded differently to various testing environments; this gave rise to the wear rate of GaN spanning over orders of magnitude. Additionally, the EDS conducted on the countersample (alumina probe) clearly evidenced a material transfer from GaN to the ruby countersample. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and secondary electron microscopy (SEM) inside the wear scar indicated a grooving abrasion wear mechanism of GaN tested under humid environment and adhesive wear mechanism for dry nitrogen testing environment; this is confirmed by SEM/EDS of the ruby probes. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to image the defects formed underneath the worn surface, due to the tribological sliding, and the results suggested a possible evolution of wear debris formation.
Bringing Wonderment to the Legal Academy (Foreword)

This book celebrates the 100th birthday of Jerome S. Bruner, one of the most relevant scholars in contemporary psychology. It shows how Bruner’s oeuvre and contributions to psychology, education and law are still applicable today and full of unexplored possibilities. The volume brings together contributions from Bruner’s students and colleagues, all of whom use his legacy to explore the future of psychology in in Bruner’s spirit of interpretation. Rather than being a mere celebration, the volume shows a “genuine interest for the emergence of the novelty” and examines the potentialities of Bruner’s work in cultural psychology, discussing such concepts as ambivalence, intersubjectivity, purpose, possibilities, and wonderment. Combining international and interdisciplinary perspectives, this volume tells the tale of Jerome Bruner’s academic life and beyond.
Multiobjective Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Satellite Communications Using Deep Neural Network Ensembles

Future spacecraft communication subsystems will potentially benefit from software-defined radios controlled by artificial intelligence algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel radio resource allocation algorithm leveraging multiobjective reinforcement learning and artificial neural network ensembles able to manage available resources and conflicting mission-based goals. The uncertainty in the performance of thousands of possible radio parameter combinations and the dynamic behavior of the radio channel over time producing a continuous multidimensional state–action space requires a fixed-size memory continuous state–action mapping instead of the traditional discrete mapping. In addition, actions need to be decoupled from states in order to allow for online learning, performance monitoring, and resource allocation prediction. The proposed approach leverages the authors’ previous research on constraining decisions predicted to have poor performance through ”virtual environment exploration.” The simulation results show the performance for different communication mission profiles, and accuracy benchmarks are provided for the future research reference. The proposed approach constitutes part of the core cognitive engine proof-of-concept delivered to the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center’s SCaN Testbed radios on-board the International Space Station.
Orwell's Animal Farm: Ideological State Apparatuses and the Crisis of the Modern State

The present paper explores the crisis of the modern democratic state based on Althusser’s concept of the Ideological State Apparatuses and Chomsky’s investigation into the suspicious role of the media. Orwell’s novel Animal Farm was examined by way of casting the light on the junctures of intersection between history and culture. Re-reading the novel through the perspective of Althusser's ISA and Chomsky’s experienced lens help understand the way of the modern world where the various media means drive the masses into the end determined by the ruling business groups .
Exploring Sociocultural Theory Application in Online Language Courses

Second language education is a necessary admission requirement for many universities across the U.S., as well as a graduation requirement for several high schools. The increasing presence of online education has increased the availability of secondary and post-secondary world language courses in online and blended formats, yet a challenge associated with online language coursework lies in addressing the sociocultural aspect of learning a language. In this type of learning format, it is critical to consider Sociocultural Theory (SCT) concepts such as self-regulation, zone of proximal development (ZPD), and scaffolding. For instance, Zhang (2013) explores teacher-student collaboration in online courses; and Cappellini (2016) has researched scaffolding and the role students assume in the learner community when learning via telecollaboration.
CHAPTER 23 – Development and Application of an Engineered Dihydrofolate Reductase and Cytidine-Deaminase-Based Fusion Genes in Myeloprotection-Based Gene Therapy Strategies

The advances in structural biology have facilitated a detailed understanding of many enzyme-substrate interactions at the molecular level. This information has been used in conjunction with techniques in site-directed and random mutagenesis to rationally generate mutant forms of drug resistance genes. Mutations in the active binding site of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have been shown to markedly reduce the affinity of methotrexate (MTX) and trimetrexate (TMTX) for DHFR. Myeloprotection or bone marrow protection with these mutant forms of DHFR was originally demonstrated using the N2A-based double-copy vector containing the simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter. Transduction of the mutant DHFR cDNA into murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (mHPCs) conferred significant resistance to 100 nM MTX. These observations were extended to human hematopoietic progenitor cells (hHPC). The results demonstrated both the feasibility and efficiency of ex vivo CD34 + stem cell transduction with this retroviral vector and in vivo selection in the presence of MTX. The cytokines required for successful ex vivo expansion and transduction were subsequently refined in further studies using the same gene transfer system in HPCs from patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation for solid tumors.
Properties of Amphibian and Piscine Iridoviruses: A Comparison

Iridoviruses have been identified in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Amphibian iridoviruses, discussed by Granoff elsewhere in these proceedings, have been isolated from normal or diseased adult leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), normal larval or adult newts (Triturus viridescens), and diseased bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Isolation of piscine iridoviruses from normal adult goldfish (Carassium auratus), some freshwater fish (e.g., Micropogon undulatus and Cynosciau arenius) with papilloma-like lesions, and redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) with hepatocellular and hematopoietic necrosis has been reported by Berry et al. (1983), Christmas and Howse (1970) and Langdon et al. (1986), respectively. These viruses have been placed in the family Iridoviridae based on icosahedral morphology, cytoplasmic site of replication and a large DNA genome. Among iridoviruses, frog virus 3 (FV3), isolated from the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog Rana pipiens (Granoff et al.,1966) is the only member of the family Iridoviridae that has been the subject of detailed molecular analyses (reviewed in Willis et al.,1985).
Influence of Arteriolar Hyalinization on Renovascular Fibroplasia

Hyaline deposits in arterioles serve as indicators for a state of accelerated arterial intimai fibroplasia in the renal cortex. The acceleration seems to be a speeding of the aging process, because of how it enters into the formula that describes the way aging influences arterial intima. The “aging risk factor” therefore emerges as a quantity that can vary among individuals in a way that confers visible indicators in autopsy tissues.
Joint High Level QP and Low Level Power Control in NOMA/OMA Downlink Wireless Multimedia Communications

Improving Quality of Experience (QoE) of User Equipment (UE) in wireless multimedia services is a critical challenge. In this paper we study the joint design of high level dynamic video Quantization Parameter (QP) and the low level power control in QoE-driven downlink wireless multimedia services. Furthermore, we study QoE performance with new Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) schemes in the Base Station (BS) – UE multimedia downlink, and discuss the performance in comparison with conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA). We mathematically model UE’s QoE gain (also known as utility) by considering UE’s perceived data quality and the corresponding data cost. Then we show that there exists an optimal data consumption option for UE to achieve utility maximization based on different cost coefficients. In addition, the power allocation strategies and their associated constraints are investigated in both OMA and NOMA transmission schemes. Finally, through numerical simulations, we quantitatively analyze the impact of low level power allocation and high level QP control on UEs’ utility gain and the system throughput performance.
Sharing Cellavision Blood Smear Images with Clinicians Via the Electronic Medical Record

Abstract Background The CellaVision automated system digitizes peripheral blood smears and performs blood cell differentials. These images are available for local review in hematology laboratories on computer monitors or they can be transmitted for remote review via telehematology. Clinicians such as hematologists who typically review their patient's peripheral blood smears often need to contact an offsite hematology hospital laboratory for this purpose, frequently during evening or weekend hours. To overcome this barrier, our institution sought to make CellaVision blood smear images available to clinicians and trainees in the electronic medical record (EMR). The images could therefore be viewed at any time and from any computer or mobile device which could access the EMR. Technology CellaVision DM96 (CellaVision AB, Lund, Sweden) digital hematology analyzers. Images hosted on a Microsoft SQL Server. Microsoft Internet Information Services 7 web server and ColdFusion 9 middleware. Sunquest laboratory information system. Cerner PowerChart EMR. Design Image sharing was accomplished in 2 phases. For phase 1, a secure web portal (called “HemaVue”) was created to allow clinicians to access CellaVision digital images with associated metadata (i.e. patient unique identifiers, blood counts). CellaVision image data was archived daily and stored for 6 months. For phase 2, CellaVision instrument results were tagged with the test code “Image Differential Performed”. This code appeared in the patient result to inform the clinician this type of differential had been performed, as opposed to a manual or automated differential code. The HL7 message router transmitting results with this tag created a link in the EMR to the HemaVue website. This allowed clinicians to access CellaVision images from a patient's chart within the EMR. Results The CellaVision image database contained 3.38 million images for 23,000 patients, comprising 12TB of data on per 6 month temporal storage. Database and website maintenance had to be internally supported. While clinicians were pleased with having access to blood smear images, they expressed dissatisfaction that images were not always available immediately, not retained indefinitely, not offered on all patients, and that the images were of isolated white blood cells only. Conclusion CellaVision images were able to be successfully unlocked from the vendor's server and subsequently made accessible for remote viewing by linking patients' laboratory results in the EMR to a custom built website. While such enterprise image sharing of digital blood images offered some improvement for clinicians seeking to review peripheral blood smears, enhancements will be required to make this more readily available for all patients at our institution. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Laparoscopic liver resection for polycystic liver disease

Introduction: Polycystic liver disease is uncommon and usually asymptomatic. Surgery is indicated for patients with symptoms or complications. Cyst fenestration has been the main surgical option despite the relatively high recurrence rate. Open hepatectomy and fenestration provided sustainable symptomatic relief in selected patients at the cost of higher morbidity. The role of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for this entity remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with polycystic liver disease receiving LH was undertaken. LH in this study referred to the removal of part of normal liver or complex cysts by dividing Glissonean pedicles to the specimen, excluding simple cyst fenestration. Indication for surgery included symptoms related to mass effect with image-confirmed compression on stomach or duodenum and cyst infection. Results: From December 2004 to September 2016, a total of 14 patients (12 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 55.9 ± 14.0 years had been enrolled. Gigot's classification in this series includes type I in 3, type II in 8, and type III in 3 cases. Extent of liver resection includes partial S2 and S3 in 6, partial S2 and S3 with associated partial S5 and S6 or S7 in 3, partial S5, S6, and S7 in 1, partial S6 and S7 in 1, left hepatectomy in 2, and right hepatectomy in 1. Perioperative outcomes include median operation time of 240 min (60–300, interquartile range [IQR]: 150), estimated blood loss of 50 ml (5–2000, IQR: 98.8), and mean postoperative hospital stay of 5.5 days (2–77, IQR: 7.3). The 90-day postoperative complications developed in three patients, mainly bile leak and pleural effusion. There was no postoperative mortality. Conclusion: Laparoscopic liver resection and fenestration for polycystic liver disease seem safe and feasible. The perioperative outcomes were acceptable although the bile leakage rate was relatively high. Careful patient selection to choose peripheral lesions is advisable.
Assessing potential likelihood and impacts of landslides on transportation network vulnerability

Abstract As one of the devastating natural disasters, landslide may induce significant losses of properties and lives area-wide, and generate dramatic damages to transportation network infrastructure. Accessing the impacts of landslide-induced disruptions to roadway infrastructure can be extremely difficult due to the complexity of involved impact factors and uncertainties of vulnerability related events. In this study, a data-driven approach is developed to assess landslide-induced transportation roadway network vulnerability and accessibility. The vulnerability analysis is conducted by integrating a series of static and dynamic factors to reflect the landslide likelihood and the consequences of network accessibility disruptions. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model was developed to assess and map the landslide likelihood. A generic vulnerability index (VI) was calculated for each roadway link in the network to identify critical links. Spatial distributions of landslide likelihood, consequences of network disruptions, and network vulnerability degrees were fused and analyzed. The roadway network on Oahu Island in Hawaii is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with all the geo-coded information for its network vulnerability analysis induced by area-wide landslides. Specifically, the study area was classified into five categories of landslide likelihood: very high, high, moderate, low, and stable. About 34% of the study area was assigned as the high or very high categories. The results of network vulnerability analyses highlighted the importance of three highway segments tunnel through the Ko‘olau Range from leeward to windward, connecting Honolulu to the windward coast including the Pali highway segment, Likelike highway segment, and Interstate H-3 highway segment. The proposed network vulnerability analysis method provides a new perspective to examine the vulnerability and accessibility of the roadway network impacted by landslides.
Caryosporella rhizophorae gen. et sp. nov. (Massariaceae), a marine Ascomycete fromRhizophora mangle

A new marine Ascomycete,Caryosporella rhizophorae Kohlm. gen. et sp. nov., is described from dead wood of intertidal roots and branches ofrhizophora mangle growing on three small islands off the coast of Belize (Central America). The new genus is compared withCaryospora, and its placement in the Melanommatales and Massariaceae is discussed. The new species is considered to be an obligate marine fungus, but because of its taxonomic position it belongs to the group of secondary marine fungi that originated from terrestrial ancestors.
Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: a Systematic Review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with poor health outcomes, including cervical cancer. Racial/ethnic minority populations experience poor health outcomes associated with HPV at higher rates. A vaccine is available to protect against HPV infections and prevent HPV-related sequelae; however, vaccination rates have remained low in the United States (U.S.) population. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase the HPV vaccination rate. Moreover, little is known about barriers to HPV vaccination in racial/ethnic minority groups. This paper highlights the most recent findings on barriers experienced by these groups. The PubMed database was searched on July 30, 2020, for peer-reviewed articles and abstracts that had been published in English from July 2010 to July 2020 and covered racial/ethnic disparities in HPV vaccination. Similar findings were observed among the articles reviewed. The low HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates among racial/ethnic minority populations were found to be associated with lack of provider recommendations, inadequate knowledge and awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination, medical mistrust, and safety concerns. Provider recommendations and accurate distribution of information must be increased and targeted to racial/ethnic minority populations in order to bolster the rate of vaccine uptake. To effectively target these communities, multi-level interventions need to be established. Further, research to understand the barriers that may affect unvaccinated adults in the catch-up age range, including males, may be beneficial, as majority of the previous studies focused on either parents of adolescents or women.
Regulation of hepatic circadian metabolism by the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1-controlled CREBH/PPARα transcriptional program.

Abstract Objective The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident E3 ligase HRD1 and its co-activator Sel1L are major components of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism and functional significance underlying the circadian regulation of HRD1/Sel1L-mediated protein degradation program in hepatic energy metabolism. Methods Genetically engineered animal models as well as gain- and loss-of-function studies were employed to address the circadian regulatory mechanism and functional significance. Gene expression, transcriptional activation, protein–protein interaction, and animal metabolic phenotyping analyses were performed to dissect the molecular network and metabolic pathways. Results Hepatic HRD1 and Sel1L expression exhibits circadian rhythmicity that is controlled by the ER-tethered transcriptional activator CREBH, the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and the core clock oscillator BMAL1 in mouse livers. HRD1/Sel1L mediates polyubiquitination and degradation of the CREBH protein across the circadian cycle to modulate rhythmic expression of the genes encoding the rate-limiting enzymes or regulators in fatty acid (FA) oxidation, triglyceride (TG) lipolysis, lipophagy, and gluconeogenesis. HRD1 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice displayed increased expression of the genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and impaired circadian profiles of circulating TG, FA, and glucose due to overproduction of CREBH. The circadian metabolic activities of HRD1 LKO mice were inversely correlated with those of CREBH KO mice. Suppressing CREBH overproduction in the livers of HRD1 LKO mice restored the diurnal levels of circulating TG and FA of HRD1 LKO mice. Conclusion Our work revealed a key circadian-regulated molecular network through which the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 and its co-activator Sel1L regulate hepatic circadian metabolism.
High and low uniqueness in singular wh-interrogatives

While simple singular wh-interrogatives carry a uniqueness presupposition, this is not so when they contain possibility modals. Hirsch & Schwarz (2019) account for this contrast by assuming (i) that questions can have multiple maximally informative true answers and (ii) that uniqueness is triggered lexically inside the scope of interrogative. We show that their proposal overgenerates on two accounts. Firstly, it predicts too weak a presupposition for modalized interrogatives. Secondly, it predicts unattested interpretations for interrogatives containing negation. We show that both issues can be solved using exhaustification operators. On the one hand, we obtain the desired presupposition for modalized interrogatives by assuming the lexical trigger for uniqueness to be a presuppositional variant of an exhaustification operator (Bassi, Del Pinal & Sauerland 2019). On the other, we show that unattested readings of negation can be blocked by assuming that questions presuppose that the pointwise exhaustification of their answers partitions the context of evaluation (Fox 2019). We argue that proper empirical coverage for singular wh-interrogatives requires the interaction of both exhaustification operations.
Two isoleucyl tRNAs that decode ‘synonymous’ codons divergently regulate breast cancer progression

The human genome contains 61 codons that encode for the 20 amino acids. The synonymous codons of a given amino acid are decoded by a set of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) called isoacceptors. We report the surprising observation that two isoacceptor tRNAs that decode synonymous codons are modulated in opposing directions during breast cancer progression. Specifically, tRNAIleUAU is upregulated, whereas tRNAIleGAU is repressed as breast cancer cells attained enhanced metastatic capacity. Functional studies revealed that tRNAIleUAU promoted and tRNAIleGAU suppressed metastatic colonization. The expression of these tRNAs mediated opposing effects on codon-dependent translation of growth promoting genes. Consistent with this, multiple mitotic gene sets in the human genome are significantly enriched in the codon cognate to the growth-promoting tRNAIleUAU and significantly depleted of the codon cognate to the growth-suppressive tRNAIleGAU. Our findings uncover a specific isoacceptor tRNA pair that act in opposition--divergently regulating genes that contribute to growth and a disease phenotype. The degeneracy of the genetic code can thus be biologically exploited by human cancer cells via tRNA isoacceptor shifts that facilitate the transition towards a growth-promoting state.
Entropy trading strategies reveal inefficiencies in Japanese stock market

Abstract We empirically test the weak-form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis on Japanese equity markets with trading strategies timing both large and small capitalization portfolios. We find some of the active trading strategies outperform respective buy-and-hold benchmarks. The timing signals were based on sample entropy algorithms, where low sample entropy calls for long positions, while high sample entropy signals for short positions. Our results provide new empirical evidence against the Efficient Market Hypothesis based on the Japanese equity market data.
Projecting Backward and Forward on Processes of Organizational Change and Innovation

This essay discusses how views of organizational change and innovation have traditionally focused on planned episodic change that focuses on rational, strategic, top-down and consensus-directed int...
Faculty Perceptions of an OER Stipend Program

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in New Review of Academic Librarianship on 2021-11-16, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13614533.2021.2000452
Load balancing in data center networks with folded-Clos architectures

Data centers need to support a large number of dynamic resources such as virtual machines and storage volumes from any physical location within the data center. This has led to highly volatile and unpredictable traffic patterns. The emergence of applications that exchange large volumes of information have created large persistent flows that need to coexist with other traffic flows. Current load balancing protocols that rely on static hashing over equal cost paths do not take into consideration traffic volume nor network state. These protocols are no longer sufficient for achieving high bandwidth utilization. In this work we investigate load balancing in data center networks with folded-Clos architectures. We propose two load-balancing methods; “Selective Randomized Load Balancing” and “FlowFit”, the first method is an enhanced form of randomized load balancing, while the second is a form of dynamic load balancing that relies on a global view of the network state, for assigning flows to links. We build our topology using a centralized OpenFlow controller and open virtual switches. Our experimental and simulation results show a significant increase in bisection bandwidth over static hashing. These gains are achieved with minimal changes to the control and data planes.
Integrated treatment of detector arrays for source tracking.

Illicit radioactive sources can potentially appear in a wide range of public venues. One element in a plan for managing such sources involves searching for them in venues at risk and tracking them in real time when they are detected. A treatment of source tracking using multiple directional detectors in a probabilistic framework is given. The performance of a prototype directional detector based on these methods was characterized in the laboratory. Instances where the performance of a directional detector is not immune to the effects of shielding are identified.
Dexamethasone Exposure and Memory Function in Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report from the SJLIFE Cohort

Background Dexamethasone is used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, though long-term impact on central nervous system (CNS) function is unclear. As glucocorticoids influence hippocampal function, we investigated memory networks in survivors of childhood ALL treated with dexamethasone or prednisone. Procedure Neurocognitive assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were conducted in 38 adult survivors randomly recruited from cohorts treated on one of two standard treatment protocols, which differed primarily in the glucocorticoid administered during continuation therapy (dexamethasone [n = 18] vs. prednisone [n = 20]). Groups did not differ in age at diagnosis, age at evaluation, or cumulative intravenous or intrathecal methotrexate exposure. Results Survivors treated with dexamethasone demonstrated lower performance on multiple memory-dependent measures, including story memory (P = 0.01) and word recognition (P = 0.04), compared to survivors treated with only prednisone. Dexamethasone treatment was associated with decreased fMRI activity in the left retrosplenial brain region (effect size = 1.3), though the small sample size limited statistical significance (P = 0.08). Story memory was associated with altered activation in left inferior frontal–temporal brain regions (P = 0.007). Conclusions Results from this pilot study suggest that adult survivors of ALL treated with dexamethasone are at increased risk for memory deficits and altered neural activity in specific brain regions and networks associated with memory function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1778–1784. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Perspectives on the Organization and Evolution of Nonspecific Thalamocortical Projections

Lorente de No (1938) provided the classic description of two contrasting thalamic afferent fiber types in the rodent neocortex. His Golgi material showed “specific” fibers, which arborize densely in very restricted cortical domains, and “unspecific” fibers, which distribute sparsely across large cortical expanses. These initial anatomical observations were embraced by electrophysiologists who electrically stimulated thalamic nuclei in cats and recorded two fundamentally different kinds of cortical response, depending on the locus of stimulation. “Specific” and “nonspecific” thalamic nuclei were named according to their ability to elicit restricted cortical “augmenting” or widespread “recruiting” responses, respectively (Morison and Dempsey, 1942; Dempsey and Morison, 1942b). During the 1940s and 1950s a consensus took hold—that the specific system defined anatomically was the same as that defined electrophysiologically and, likewise, that the unspecific axons in cortex are the substrate for recruiting evoked in widespread areas and, therefore, arise from the nonspecific nuclei.
Taking Empirical Stock of The Best Corporate and Securities Articles

Since 1959 the Corporate Practice Commentator (CPC) has published an annual compendium of “the most original and useful contemporary writing” within the fields of corporate and securities law. Since 1994 the CPC also has conducted an annual survey of the Best Corporate and Securities Articles published and indexed within the past calendar year. This project, prepared in connection with the AALS Conference on Business Associations, empirically examines attributes of 177 Best Corporate and Securities articles and their authors from 1994 to 2008, as well as analyzes their impact on academic papers as well as judicial opinions. To provide context, these articles are compared to 229 articles published in the CPC and 81 articles published in the top three student-edited journals during approximately the same time period. Unlike other citation studies, this project does not seek to measure quality. This is because the project features a dataset of articles whose purported quality already has been adjudged by the authors’ peers. Although this project proceeds to identify the authors and types of articles that generate superior citation counts, these results should not be understood as any sort of normative ranking of quality, but merely as a positive portrait of the Best Corporate and Securities scholarship.
Heterogeneity, Fiscal Federalism, and the Size of Government

What explains cross-national differences in the fiscal impact of government, including the size of the welfare state? Standard explanations center on citizen and government ideology and ethnic heterogeneity, with a smaller role for institutions such as majoritarianism, presidentialism, and federalism. Recent research has discovered that fiscal federalism has previously been mismeasured in such a way as to obscure its impact on policy. This paper argues that, in high-income countries, ethnic and religious heterogeneity was historically associated with the retention of federal institutions. Cross-national statistical results show that fiscal federalism suppresses government consumption, particularly on goods and services, while religious heterogeneity has an independent effect on government consumption, employment, and social spending. By contrast, jurisdictional competition under fiscal federalism does not provide incentives to cut government investment or transfers. Fiscal federalism appears to constrain government by keeping administrative costs low, while religious heterogeneity reduces the generosity of the welfare state. Together, fiscal federalism with a large number of jurisdictions and religious heterogeneity explain essentially all differences in size of government between the United States and more comprehensive welfare states such as Denmark, Canada, and the Netherlands.
Structural Properties in the FMN Reductase of the Alkanesulfonate Monooxygenase System that Dictate Oligomeric States and Catalysis

The alkanesulfonate monooxygenase system is expressed in many bacteria when sulfur is limiting to enable the organism to utilize a diverse range of alkanesulfonates. This system is comprised of a N...
Community Health Workers in Zambia: Incentive Design and Management

This case examines the various considerations relevant to selecting and compensating workers in a context where their work involves a pro-social component. This is relevant to not only health care in Zambia, but to NGO and public sector workers who are both motivated by the mission of their positions and the remuneration. Zambia was facing a healthcare human resource crisis with less than half of the healthcare workers needed to meet health needs. Yet, it was simultaneously burdened by high incidence of diseases such as HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, malnutrition, and respiratory and diarrheal diseases. The Zambian Ministry of Health (MoH) realized that in the short term, it would be impossible to train the number of doctors and nurses needed to fill this gap. Thus, they were considering incorporating the primarily volunteer community health worker (CHW) force into salaried health workers of the MoH. Given the high level of personal commitment and dedication combined with the proper education and skill needed to be an effective community health worker, the MoH was struggling to identify the best strategy to recruit and retain motivated and capable CHWs.Learning Objective: The purpose of this case is to explore how to best recruit and compensate individuals that are hired for a task with a pro-social component. Various incentive schemes and their potential effects on selection and motivation are examined.
Neoadjuvant dasatinib for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with tissue analysis of biologic activity

Abstract Objectives Preclinical urothelial carcinoma models suggest activity of dasatinib, an oral SRC-family kinase (SFK) inhibitor. We sought to determine the feasibility and biologic activity of neoadjuvant dasatinib (Neo-D) in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (miUCB) preceding radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and methods A prospective multisite phase II trial was conducted. Key eligibility criteria included: resectable miUCB (T2–T4a, N0, M0), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1. Patients received oral Neo-D 100 mg once daily for 28±7 days followed by RC 8 to 24 hours after the last dose. The primary end point was feasibility, defined as≥60% of patients with miUCB completing therapy without treatment-related dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Pre- and posttreatment tumor immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated SFK (pSFK), Ki-67, and cleaved caspase (Cas)-3 results were analyzed by paired t test. Results The study completed full accrual with enrollment of 25 patients of whom 23 were evaluable for feasibility. The study achieved its primary end point with 15 patients (65%) completing therapy without treatment-related DLTs. DLTs included: fatigue ( n = 2), pulmonary embolism, abdominal pain, supraventricular tachycardia, enteric fistula, hematuria, and dyspnea ( n = 1 each). At RC, 5 patients (23%) had P = 0.003) but no overall significant changes in Ki-67 or Cas3. In total, 4 cases demonstrated a nonsignificant decrease in Ki-67, of which 3 cases also demonstrated a decrease in pSFK and 2 cases had marginal increase in Cas3. Conclusions Neo-D in miUCB patients was feasible and safe. Overall, significant inhibition of pSFK was observed without overall reduction of cellular proliferation or increase of apoptosis, although biologic anti-tumor activity may exist in a small subset of patients. These results highlight the potential utility of the neoadjuvant trial paradigm and suggest that clinical benefit of single-agent SFK inhibition in unselected patients with miUCB is unlikely.
Dynamic MRI evaluation of urethral hypermobility post‐radical prostatectomy

Aims One postulated cause of post prostatectomy incontinence is urethral and bladder neck hypermobility. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of anatomical differences of urethral and bladder neck position at rest and with valsalva in continent and incontinent men post prostatectomy based on dynamic MRI.
Deficiency of β Common Receptor Moderately Attenuates the Progression of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm in NrasG12D/+ Mice.

Activating Ras signaling is a major driver in juvenile and the myeloproliferative variant of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML/MP-CMML). Numerous studies suggest that GM-CSF signaling plays a central role in establishing and maintaining JMML/MP-CMML phenotypes in human and mouse. However, it remains elusive how GM-CSF signaling impacts on JMML/MP-CMML initiation and progression. Here, we investigate this issue in a well characterized MP-CMML model induced by endogenous NrasG12D/+ mutation. In this model, NrasG12D/+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are required to initiate and maintain CMML phenotypes and serve as CMML-initiating cells. We show that the common β chain of the GM-CSF receptor (βc) is dispensable for NrasG12D/+ HSC function; loss of βc does not affect the expansion, increased self-renewal, or myeloid differentiation bias in NrasG12D/+ HSCs. Therefore, βc−/− does not abrogate CMML in NrasG12D/+ mice. However, βc deficiency indeed significantly reduces NrasG12D/+-induced splenomegaly and spontaneous colony formation and prolongs the survival of CMML-bearing mice, suggesting that GM-CSF signaling plays an important role in promoting CMML progression. Together, our results suggest that inhibiting GM-CSF signaling in JMML/MP-CMML patients might alleviate disease symptoms but would not eradicate the disease.
Integrated detection and protection schemes for high-impedance faults on distribution systems

The authors describe two integrated microcomputer-based detection and protection schemes for distribution system faults including high-impedance faults. The main objective of the two schemes is to deal with single-line-to-ground faults of feeders on a distribution substation using delta-delta connection. The first scheme, based on an innovative fault-detection algorithm, identifies a faulty feeder by measuring varied phase angles between phase currents and bus voltages. The second scheme, including several existing detection algorithms, incorporates an expert system for selecting an algorithm suitable for a given application based on their advantages. A simulation software package is built to simulate the implementation of the two schemes and their combination. Using the simulation package and feeder fault data, simulation tests are made to verify the feasibility of the schemes, the algorithms, and the system structures suggested. >
Gastroduodenal artery steal syndrome during liver transplantation : intraoperative diagnosis with Doppler ultrasound and management

Arterial steal syndrome (ASS) after liver transplantation has been reported. ASS causes arterial hypo-perfusion of the graft liver and devastating consequences. However, the diagnosis tends to be delayed. We present the recognized case of a gastroduodenal artery (GDA) steal syndrome that was diagnosed with intraoperative Doppler ultrasound and treated with GDA ligation during the liver transplantation. The patient had variation of hepatic artery anatomy (low bifurcation of the hepatic artery). Graft liver had the common hepatic artery and aberrant left hepatic artery. Doppler ultrasound of the liver was performed after the arterial reconstruction between the donor common hepatic artery and recipient right hepatic artery. It showed low hepatic arterial flow. There is no backflow bleeding from the donor aberrant left hepatic artery stump. After ligating big GDA, hepatic arterial waveform inside the liver drastically improved and strong backflow bleeding was recognized from the donor left aberrant hepatic artery stump. The current case should show the efficacy of intraoperative Doppler ultrasound of the liver on ASS and alert clinician to ligate GDA to prevent ASS if hepatic arterial flows are suboptimal.
Predictors of decline in overall mental health, PTSD and alcohol use in OEF/OIF veterans.

Abstract This study identified predictors of worsening mental health (including PTSD and alcohol use) over a 6-month period following return from deployment to Iraq (OIF) or Afghanistan (OIF). Using a national sample of 512 OEF/OIF veterans surveyed within 12 months of return from deployment (T1), and 6 months later (T2), we obtained demographic and deployment characteristics, risk and resilience factors, mental health status, PTSD and alcohol abuse. We performed logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of worse mental health, PTSD or alcohol use between T1 and T2, controlling for initial levels. Of the sample, 14–25% showed clinically worse mental health, PTSD or alcohol use. Each outcome was associated with some shared and some unique predictors. For example, younger age and recent medical care were both associated with worse alcohol use. Lack of adequate deployment training was uniquely associated with worse PTSD symptoms.