cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathology of radiation injury to the canine spinal cord.

Abstract The histopathologic response of the canine spinal cord to fractionated doses of radiation was investigated. Forty-two dogs received 0, 44, 52, 60, or 68 Gy in 4 Gy fractions to the thoracic spinal cord. Dogs were evaluated for neurologic signs and were observed for 1 or 2 years after irradiation. Six major lesion types were observed; five in the irradiated spinal cord and one in irradiated dorsal root ganglia. The three most severe spinal cord lesions were white matter necrosis, massive hemorrhage, and segmental parenchymal atrophy which had an ED 50 of 56.9 Gy (51.3–63.3 Gy 95% CI) in 4 Gy fractions. These lesions were consistently associated with abnormal neurologic signs. Radiation damage to the vasculature was the most likely cause of these three lesions. The two less severe spinal cord lesions were focal fiber loss, which had an ED 50 of 49.5 Gy (44.8–53.6 Gy 95% CI) in 4 Gy fractions and scattered white matter vacuolation that occurred at all doses. These less severe lesions were not consistently associated with neurologic signs and indicated the presence of residual damage that may occur after lower doses of radiation. Radiation damage to glial cells, axons, and/or vasculature were possible causes of these lesions. In the irradiated dorsal root ganglia, affected sensory neurons contained large intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and there was loss of neurons and satellite cells. Such alterations could affect sensory function. The dog is a good model for spinal cord irradiation studies as tolerance doses for lesions causing clinical signs are close to the estimated tolerance doses for humans, and studies involving volume and long-term observation can be done.
Preferential ordering of Mn and Fe atoms in Y6(Fe1−xMnx)23

Abstract Neutron diffraction studies of the nomagnetic compositional range of the Y 6 (Fe 1− x Mn x ) 23 system reveal the presence of preferential ordering of Fe and Mn atoms on the four transition metal crystallographic sites. Throughout the entire compositional range of the ternary system, Mn atoms prefer to occupy the f 2 site and Fe atoms the f 1 site. Refinements of the data were carried out using the Rietveld profile method.
A Serious Outbreak of Race 6 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on Pepper in Southern Florida

In the 1997-1998 winter vegetable season, a widespread and serious outbreak of bacterial spot occurred on pepper in commercial fields throughout southern Florida. This was the first serious epidemic of bacterial spot on pepper in southern Florida since the 1993-1994 season. Cultivars affected included those with resistance to races 1-3 of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, commonly found in previous Florida surveys (1). Field sampling designs, isolation methods, and pathogen identification were carried out as previously described (1). Twenty-seven fields were sampled in Palm Beach, St. Lucie, Martin, Broward, and Collier counties. The race of each strain was determined by infiltration of 3.0 × 108 CFU per ml of sterile tap water suspension into Early Calwonder and three near-isogenic lines of Early Calwonder with genes for vertical resistance to specific races of the pathogen. Test plants were maintained in the greenhouse and observed for hypersensitive and disease reactions over several days. Of a total of 244 X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strains collected, 73.4% were identified as race 6 and 10.2% as race 4. Irrespective of the presence of resistance genes in cultivars sampled, race 6 (eastern Florida) and race 4 (southwestern Florida) predominated in this study. Copper tolerance was widespread among X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strains of all races, with 91% of the strains showing tolerance to 250 g per ml of CuSO4 · 5H2O incorporated into 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose-nutrient agar. Selection pressure resulting from widespread planting of race 1, 2, 3-resistant cultivars may have contributed to this outbreak. High disease pressure also may be related to the unusually wet winter. Rainfall accumulation from December 1997 through March 1998 was 25.6 cm above normal. Reference: (1) K. Pohronezny et al. Plant Dis. 76:118, 1992.
Ab initio nonadiabatic polarization potentials for electron-molecule scattering: The e-H 2 system

We have calculated an ab initio nonadiabatic polarization potential for the $e\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ system using a procedure that is based on the variational method. The importance of various multipole contributions to this potential has been investigated and the dipole approximation found to be accurate for this system. When used in scattering calculations with accurate representations of the static and exchange components of the interaction potential, the new polarization potential is found to yield total integrated $e\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ cross sections that are in very good agreement with results of recent measurements and of optical-potential calculations.
Influence of whey permeate and millet as substrates on thermotolerance of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae conidia during storage.

Abstract Conidia from Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, produced in quarter-strength Sabouraud dextrose agar amended with yeast extract, whey permeate, and millet agar, were exposed to 45°C for 90 min prior to and at 30 d post-storage at 25°C. B. bassiana produced in whey permeate or millet had better thermotolerance than the other treatments after the storage.
Indebted to Fair Trade? Coffee and crisis in Nicaragua

Abstract This paper explores the following general question: Why are Fair Trade coffee farmers in Nicaragua burdened by debt? Nearly five years from “the end” of the coffee crisis, peasant farming households committed to Fair Trade standards continue to struggle with a legacy of indebtedness caused by years of low farm-gate prices and declining productivity between 2000 and 2004. Through ethnographic observation and interviews with peasant farmers in Nicaragua, I explore how farmers experience a simple reproduction squeeze that hinders them from “bootstrapping” their own economic development. I argue that the effort to raise the Fair Trade minimum price and premium for coffee through Fair Trade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) in 2008 demonstrated a good first step toward improving farm-gate prices, however, these gains must be understood in the context of long-term indebtedness as well as rising production costs and household consumption costs.
THE ESTIMATION OF SCANNING EFFICIENCIES FOR EXPERIMENTS USING VISUAL DETECTORS

Abstract A new technique is presented for estimating scanning efficiencies. The special feature of this technique is that it allows for the tendency of different scanners to miss the same events. Each event is assumed to have a visibility, ν, depending both on its own characteristics and on the perceptiveness of the scanners. The distribution of events in visibility is described by a function F(ν) whose parameters are determined by comparing the numbers of new events found in each of three or more successive scans. The technique is applied to a study of μ+ decay events, which have been scanned four times. The “true” number of events, N T = ʃ 0 1 F(ν) d ν , found by this technique and a lower limit to NT found by an alternate technique indicate that the inefficiency estimated by the usual double-scanning method can be low by a large factor.
Evaluation of Water Quality Impacts of On-site Treatment and Disposal Systems on Urban Coastal Waters

Questions have been raised about the impact of onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems (OSTDS) on adjacent water bodies, particularly in coastal areas. If OSTDS are not properly sited and maintained, they pose a potential risk to public health and may contribute toward degradation of the receiving water body. To quantify the pollutant loading contributions from OSTDS located adjacent to coastal canals, two similar single-family residential neighborhoods were evaluated. One was connected to the sanitary sewer network (Hollywood, FL) and the other was served exclusively by septic tanks (Dania Beach, FL). Water quality sampling, focusing on nutrient and pathogen indicators, was conducted at the paired sites during the seasonal high water table (SHWT) and seasonal low water table (SLWT) events. During the SHWT, measured canal water quality, in terms of nutrient (i.e. nitrate) and microbial pathogen indicators in the adjacent areas appeared to be impacted by OSTDS. However, during the SLWT, no obvious impacts attributable to the septic tanks were detected. This suggests that the OSTDS may operate properly when the water table is low, but that the contributions by OSTDS to coastal pollutant loading may be quantifiable during certain portions of the calendar year when the ground water table elevation is relatively high, although the impact on the downstream marine environment is uncertain as a result of tidal dilution and lack of offshore study.
Practical thermal resistance and ice requirement calculations for insulating packages

Several styles of insulating packages were studied, ranging in size from 0.5 to 5 cubic feet and varying in construction from the ordinary expanded polystyrene cooler to various liner-in-box arrangements with and without aluminium foil surfaces. Ice-melt tests were conducted to measure package insulating ability and the results were used to determine the thermal resistance (R-value). The R-value was then related to details connected with package construction including wall thickness, number of layers and number of foil surfaces through a simple equation so that it can be estimated for any construction. The system R-value can then be used to estimate refrigerant requirements and temperature holding times for known shipping environments. Examples are included. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of the development of nitrogen-modified carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction at USC

In this review, the development of non-precious nitrogen-modified carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is described, mainly focusing on our research at the University of South Carolina (USC). Metal-free; metal-containing; and template-assisted metal-containing, nitrogen-modified carbon-based catalysts were developed in our group in the past few years. From the characterization and analysis of the synthesized nitrogen-modified carbon-based catalysts, we proposed our viewpoints on the nature of the ORR active sites and performance degradation mechanisms of this type of non-precious metal catalysts. Suggested research and development directions for non-precious nitrogen-modified carbon-based catalysts were also discussed.
Effects of C17-Hydroxy-Steroids on Urinary 17-Ketosteroids in the Rat.

SummaryA method is described for detecting precursors of urinary 17-KS in normal female rats. Using it, 2 pairs of compounds which differed in hydroxylation at C-17 were tested and those 2 possessing this grouping were found to be eliminated in part as urinary 17-KS. One 17-hydroxylated steroid, pregnenetriolone did not act as a 17-KS precursor. These observations bring into question the assumed secretion of adrenal androgens, since they are consistent with the view that such might arise from the degradation of non-an-drogenic hormones.
Iron silicide thin film formation at low temperatures

Abstract The rate kinetics of the formation of compound phases from thin layers of 1000–1500 A α-Fe deposited onto single-crystal Si have been studied by MeV 4He+ backscattering spectrometry. Si is observed to dissolve into the thin α-Fe layer before compound formation. A compound layer of FeSi is produced at about 450°C and FeSi2 formation begins at about 550°C. The (100) surface of Si is slightly more reactive than the (111) surface. An inert diffusion marker of implanted Xe was used to investigate the relative movement of the two species. X-ray diffractometry identifies the structure of the compound species as identical to bulk FeSi and FeSi2. The compounds formed on both (111) n-Si and (100) n-Si are apparently polycrystalline and untextured.
The Chemistry Of Isolated Transition Metal Clusters

Clusters containing two to several hundred atoms are generated by pulsed laser vaporization of a metal target located in a flow tube reactor. A continuous flow of inert carrier gas entrains and cools the vaporized plume of metal, resulting in rapid cluster growth. Reactant gases are injected into the flow downstream of the target, at a point where cluster growth has finished. After reagent mixing and chemical reactions occur, the products exit the tube into a vacuum, and are formed into a molecular beam by collimators located in successive stages of differential pumping. In the highest vacuum stage the reaction products are identified by pulsed laser ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Studies to be discussed include measurements of absolute reaction rate constants, hydrogen uptake experiments, laser-induced desorption of adsorbates from clusters, and cluster-catalyzed chemical reactions. Such work provides us with information about the dependence of reactivity on cluster size, the geometrical configuration of cluster binding sites, the thermodynamics of adsorbate bonding, and the mechanisms of chemical reactions on cluster surfaces. These studies are bringing us closer to a detailed understanding of the interactions of metal surfaces with atoms and simple molecules.
Gastrointestinal bleeding with the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device

Background Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) have yielded improved outcomes compared with pulsatile flow devices for patients on long-term support. However, significant rates of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) have been observed during CF-LVAD support. Methods From March 2006 through March 2011, 86 patients with chronic heart failure underwent implantation of a CF-LVAD (HeartMate II; Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA). Records were reviewed to determine the prevalence of post-implant GIB, location of the bleeding site and associated morbidity and mortality. Uni- and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of GIB. Results GIB occurred in 19 patients (22.1%) with a duration of support that ranged from 5 to 456 days. Sources of GIB included small bowel and rectum in 6 patients each, large bowel in 2 patients and stomach in 1 patient. No definite source was identified in 4 patients. There were no deaths referable to GIB. Recurrent GIB occurred in 4 patients. History of a GIB prior to LVAD implant was the only variable significantly different between patients with and without post-implant GIB (21.1% vs 10.4%, p = 0.016), and was the only independent predictor of GIB (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 2.121 to 2.435, p = 0.004). Conclusions Gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent source of morbidity for patients on HeartMate II LVAD support but does not significantly impact survival. As implantation of CF-LVADs with non-pulsatile flow gains popularity for both bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of GIB in these patients will be needed for minimizing this complication.
Beyond dwell time: estimating document relevance from cursor movements and other post-click searcher behavior

Result clickthrough statistics and dwell time on clicked results have been shown valuable for inferring search result relevance, but the interpretation of these signals can vary substantially for different tasks and users. This paper shows that that post-click searcher behavior, such as cursor movement and scrolling, provides additional clues for better estimating document relevance. To this end, we identify patterns of examination and interaction behavior that correspond to viewing a relevant or non-relevant document, and design a new Post-Click Behavior (PCB) model to capture these patterns. To our knowledge, PCB is the first to successfully incorporate post-click searcher interactions such as cursor movements and scrolling on a landing page for estimating document relevance. We evaluate PCB on a dataset collected from a controlled user study that contains interactions gathered from hundreds of unique queries, result clicks, and page examinations. The experimental results show that PCB is significantly more effective than using page dwell time information alone, both for estimating the explicit judgments of each user, and for re-ranking the results using the estimated relevance.
Chemisorption on stepped surfaces: O/stepped W(110)

Abstract In a previous study we have developed a general theory of chemisorption on certain stepped surfaces; namely those for which a lattice gas in thermodynamic equilibrium is an appropriate model. We showed there that a comparison of LEED (Low Energy Electron Diffraction) results for flat and stepped substrates can determine the change in adsorption energy at terrace edge sites. In the present work we demonstrate this via detailed Monte Carlo calculations for O on a certain stepped W(110) surface. We use oxygen adatom-adatom (AA) interaction energies previously determined by experimental and theoretical studies on flat W(110). By comparison with experimental results for the stepped surface system we find that the O binding energy is less strong at either terrace edge for this particular surface and defect.
High Risk Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) Patients with Any Level of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viremia Should Be Treated with Antiviral Therapy to Prevent Serious CMV Disease

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19 (2013) S279eS312 S312 lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was superior to that of patients without prophylactic DLI (38.0% vs 11.8%,P1⁄40.001). Sex, age, conditioning regimen (dosage of ATG), number of HLA mismatched or the number of stem cells infused were not the factors affecting OS, DFS and relapse. Multivariate analysis showed that the significant factors associated with higher OS were the use of prophylactic DLI, the disease type of AML and occurrence of chronic GVHD. Conclusions: Haploidentical allo-HSCT can cure a significant proportion of refractory/relapsed acute leukemia patients. Prophylactic DLI can reduce relapse and increase survival; for patients with refractory/relapsed ALL, other post-transplant therapy should be explored.
Assay of capacitated, freeze-damaged and extended stallion spermatozoa by filtration

Abstract Results of stallion semen assay with glass wool/Sephadex filters are highly correlated with fertility. A hypothesis was tested that mechanically damaged spermatozoa are trapped in glass wool while capacitated spermatozoa are trapped in Sephadex. Another objective was to assay stallion semen in extenders known to vary in their ability to maintain sperm fertility with these filters, and for sperm motility. In Experiment 1, ejaculates were split so that a portion was used for fresh semen filtration and another portion plunged into liquid nitrogen repeatedly to maximize the number of broken acrosomes. The remainder of the ejaculate was inseminated into the uterus of an estrous mare which was flushed 6–8 hours later. Semen from each treatment was filtered through cotton with and without Sephadex, and through glass wool with and without Sephadex. Ejaculates were also washed and incubated in a capacitation medium. Aliquotes were filtered every 2 hours for 10 hours through glass wool and Sephadex. In Experiment 2, stallion semen diluted in egg yolk-lactose, skim milk-glucose and Triscitrate-yolk was evaluated for motility and with glass wool and Sephadex filters daily for 4 days. In Experiment 1, more frozen-thawed spermatozoa were trapped in glass wool than in Sephadex filters. Filters containing Sephadex trapped all uterine-incubated cells, while cotton did not affect the trapping of spermatozoa. In the capacitation medium, the passage of cells through all filters decreased with time, and glass wool and Sephadex had additive effects. In Experiment 2, fewer spermatozoa passed Sephadex filters than glass wool filters after storage in the Tris-citrate extender, which is known to be detrimental to the fertility of stallion semen although it did maintain sperm motility. We suggest that Sephadex traps spermatozoa with capacitation-like changes.
Symptom exaggeration by college adults in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disorder assessments.

To test the hypothesis that sub-optimal effort detected by one popular symptom validity measure, the Word Memory Test (WMT), should be interpreted as symptom exaggeration, the authors examined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorder (LD) assessment data collected from healthy adult patients over the past four years at one mid-size Southeastern college. They conducted six tests of this hypothesis, drawing upon extant research. Rates of apparent symptom exaggeration comparable to those found in medicolegal settings (e.g., personal injury cases), particularly in the context of ADHD evaluations, were found. WMT scores were positively correlated with intellectual and neurocognitive test scores, and negatively correlated with self-report symptom inventory scores. Measures of negative response bias embedded in one common self-report measure of psychopathology (the Personality Assessment Inventory) were not correlated with WMT performance. Unattended WMT administrations led to somewh...
Extraction of exergy from solar collectors under time-varying conditions

Abstract Maximization of energy delivery is the fundamental problem in solar collector thermal design. This paper examines the trade-off between the storage and the immediate use of solar exergy, with the objective of maximising the long-term exergy output from a solar collector installation. It is demonstrated that a trade-off exists, and that for maximum exergy output the collector and the collector-user interaction must conform to a well-defined pattern. It is also shown that the practice of operating collectors at constant temperature, regardless of time of day, is responsible for a sizeable and steady exergy loss
Triaxiality in nuclear rotational states

Abstract Non-axially symmetric deformation of a nucleus is introduced to account for the admixture of the collective rotational bands and the distribution of the yrast levels. A new rotational level scheme and an approximate formula for the yrast are derived.
The primary care physician's approach to congenital anomalies

Children with congenital anomalies often represent a special diagnostic and management challenge. To provide optimal care for these children, one must employ a systematic approach to identify the likely pathogenic mechanism leading to the birth defects present. Determining how distinct anomalies relate to one another may lead to elucidation of a specific genetic etiology for the patient's condition. Genetic testing is increasingly available to allow for diagnostic confirmation. Using this systematic approach to a child with congenital anomalies permits accurate prognostic and recurrence risk counseling, informed management decisions, and the appropriate allocation of social support and medical resources.
Age-related DNA methylation in normal breast tissue and its relationship with invasive breast tumor methylation

Age is a key risk factor for breast cancer and epigenetic alterations may contribute to age-related increases in breast cancer risk, though the relation of age-related methylation in normal breast tissues with altered methylation in breast tumors is unclear. We investigated the relation of age with DNA methylation in normal breast tissues genome-wide using two data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE32393 and GSE31979). We validated our observations in an independent set of normal breast tissues, examined age-related methylation in normal breast for enrichment of genomic features, and compared age-related methylation in normal tissue with methylation alterations in breast tumors. Between the two array-based methylation data sets, there were 204 CpG loci with significant (P<0.05) and consistent age-related methylation, 97% of which were increases in methylation. Our validation sets confirmed the direction of age-related DNA methylation changes in all measured regions. Among the 204 age-related CpG loci, we observed a significant enrichment for CpG islands (P = 8.7E-6) and polycomb group protein target genes (P = 0.03). In addition, 24 of the 204 CpGs with age-related methylation in normal breast were significantly differentially methylated between normal and breast tumor tissues. We identified consistent age-related methylation changes in normal breast tissue that are further altered in breast tumors and may represent early events contributing to breast carcinogenesis. This work identifies age-related methylation in normal breast tissue and begins to deconstruct the contribution of aging to epigenetic alterations present in breast tumors.
Polyurethane foam response to fire in practical geometries

An efficient polymer mass loss and foam response model has been developed to predict the behavior of unconfined polyurethane foam exposed to fire-like heat fluxes. The mass loss model is based on a simple two-step mechanism using distributed reaction rates. The mass loss model was implemented into a multidimensional finite element heat conduction code that supports chemical kinetics and dynamic enclosure radiation. A discretization bias correction model was parameterized using elements with characteristic lengths ranging from 0.1 cm to 1 cm. Bias corrected solutions with these large elements gave essentially the same results as grid-independent solutions using 0.01-cm elements. Predictions were compared to measured decomposition front locations determined from real-time X-rays of 9-cm diameter, 15-cm tall cylinders of foam that were heated with lamps. The calculated and measured locations of the decomposition fronts were well within 1 cm of each other and in some cases the fronts coincided.
Aqueous formation and manipulation of the iron-oxo Keggin ion

There is emerging evidence that growth of synthetic and natural phases occurs by the aggregation of prenucleation clusters, rather than classical atom-by-atom growth. Ferrihydrite, an iron oxyhydroxide mineral, is the common form of Fe(3+) in soils and is also in the ferritin protein. We isolated a 10 angstrom discrete iron-oxo cluster (known as the Keggin ion, Fe13) that has the same structural features as ferrihydrite. The stabilization and manipulation of this highly reactive polyanion in water is controlled exclusively by its counterions. Upon dissolution of Fe13 in water with precipitation of its protecting Bi(3+)-counterions, it rapidly aggregates to ~22 angstrom spherical ferrihydrite nanoparticles. Fe13 may therefore also be a prenucleation cluster for ferrihydrite formation in natural systems, including by microbial and cellular processes.
Surface Tension and Surface Orientation of Perfluorinated Alkanes

Molecular dynamics simulations using two all-atom force fields, the OPLS force field of Jorgensen et al. and the recently developed force field of Borodin et al. (exp-6), have been used to study the equilibrium liquid-vapor interface properties of perfluorinated alkanes. Both force fields predict similar liquid densities and are in excellent agreement with existing experimental data for short chains. The OPLS force field offers better agreement with experimental data for surface tension at lower molecular weights than the exp-6 force field, which overpredicts it by as much as 9%. However, for longer chains the OPLS force field predicts higher surface tension than the exp-6 force field. Also, the OPLS substantially overpredicts the melting temperature confirming a recent suggestion that this force field may not be transferable to longer perfluorinated alkane chains. The orientation of the chains at the surface is found to be strongly dependent on both chain length and temperature. On average, the chain segments tend to orient perpendicular to the surface with the -CF 3 end segments at the surface.
Increased Endovascular Interventions Decrease the Rate of Lower Limb Artery Bypass Operations without an Increase in Major Amputation Rate

Progression of peripheral vascular disease may lead to major amputations. We sought to understand whether more frequent endovascular angioplasty and stenting in patients with limb-threatening ischemia would affect the number of major amputations. We retrospectively reviewed the effects of implementing more frequent endovascular intervention for the 4 years 2003-2006 at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Long Beach, California. During this interval angioplasty became the preferred method for the treatment of infrainguinal vascular disease. Open bypass procedures were performed for patients with limb-threatening ischemia and extensive lesions that could not be treated by angioplasty. Patients were on average 68 +/- 1 years, and 96% were male. The patients were 45% active smokers, with 43% diabetics. There was 0% 30-day mortality for both groups over the 4 years. the number of below-the-knee, above-the-knee, and transmetatarsal amputations for fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 were, 42, 50, 62, and 41, respectively. Concurrently, there has been a reduction in open femoral to popliteal or trifurcation vessel bypasses with 37, 43, 28, and 14 procedures for 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006. Angioplasty and stenting increased from 12, 12, 24, to 59 over the same period. Patients who had a femoral to distal bypass were more likely to have an amputation than those undergoing angioplasty (odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.6-11.5) for those with at least 1 year of follow-up, likely due to these patients having more severe disease. Increasing the frequency of angioplasty for infrainguinal vascular lesions did not increase the number of major lower extremity amputations in our stable patient population.
Photophysics and photochemistry of p-benzoylphenyldiphenylmethyl in solution

Abstract The photochemistry and photophysics of p-benzoylphenyldiphenylmethyl (I) is reported in benzene at room temperature. This report is the first of the photochemical properties of a stable radical conjugated with an n-π carbonyl group.
Stamping with high information density

Supramolecular NanoStamping (SuNS) is a newly developed stamping technique that enables the transfer of spatial together with chemical information from a master containing DNA features to a secondary substrate. Here we discuss the importance and implications of a stamping technique with high information density.
The immunofluorescence localization of glutamate decarboxylase in the rat superior cervical ganglion

Abstract The immunofluorescence localization of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) has been determined in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. Immunoreactivity was confined to clusters of small cells whose size is similar to that of the dopaminergic small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. In serial sections tested for GAD immunofluorescence and catecholamine histofluorescence there was no evidence of co-localization. These results suggest that a separate population of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing cells is present in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
In vitro suppression of immunoglobulin allotype synthesis by Fab and F(ab′)2 fragments of anti-allotype antibody☆

Abstract The F(ab′)2 and Fab fragments were prepared from IgG containing antiallotype antibody (Ab) specific for the kappa light chains (i.e., anti-b4) and were tested for their ability to suppress b4 allotype production in vitro. Spleen cells from a b4b5 heterozygous rabbit were incubated for 24 hr with the F(ab′)2 or Fab fragments and then washed and cultured for an additional 4 days. The tissue culture supernatant fluids were analyzed for the b4 and b5 allotypes by a radioimmunoassay. The results clearly indicated that both types of IgG fragments can suppress the production of the b4 allotype. Thus, neither the Fc fragment nor the bivalency of the intact Ab molecule is essential for suppressing activity. This makes it highly unlikely that the allotype suppression in vitro occurs as a result of cell death. When equivalent amounts of the IgG, F(ab′)2, or Fab anti-b4 preparations, as determined by their antigen binding capacity, were compared for their relative efficiencies in the induction of b4 allotype suppression, the IgG and F(ab′)2 were found to be equally efficient, while the Fab fragment was less efficient than the bivalent Ab preparations.
Shopping with Karl: Commodity Fetishism and the Materiality of Marx’s London

Scholars have postulated that commodity fetishism represents Marx’s theory of capitalist materiality, but the content of that theory is contested. I offer an archaeology of Marx’s material world in order to understand the development of the concept. During his time in London, Marx wrote and published Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867), in which he outlined the concept of commodity fetishism. I demonstrate that he formed his analysis of commodity fetishism from daily practices including shopping, and consuming tobacco, in combination with his research at the British Museum. I take an experiential approach to archaeology that foregrounds Marx living in a world of objects, and posit a relationship between his experiences and his understanding of commodities. In so doing, I show how Marx’s “everyday life” shaped his concept of commodity fetishism, and how this concept could be useful to historical archaeologists.
Nutritional assessment and care of nursing facility residents: a practical approach.

Comprehensive care of the nursing facility resident requires attention to nutritional status and its interactions with disease states, morbidity, functional ability, and mortality. Proteinenergy malnutrition and weight loss is present in 30 to 60% of nursing facility residents. Protein-energy malnutrition is a syndrome characterized by too little lean body mass, secondary to inadequate caloric or protein intake. This syndrome can be quantified as less than 80% of one’s ideal body weight (IBW) or a loss of more than 10% of usual weight in 6 months, with muscle wasting. When not attended to on a timely basis, malnutrition often leads to other negative outcomes, including pressure ulcers and infections. Early recognition of weight loss can trigger beneficial nutritional assessment, intervention, and monitoring, which may prevent excess morbidity and mortality. This article will suggest a primary care approach to nutritional care among nursing facility residents at risk for nutritional deficiencies.
Goldstone theorem at finite temperature and density.

A simple proof of the thermal Goldstone theorem is given which is independent of any of the technical devices usually used to incorporate the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition into relativistic thermal field theories. A thermal version of the Schwinger action principle is pointed out as a means of obtaining Ward-Takahashi identities under the same general circumstances. These results may be suggestive of alternative approaches to real-time thermal field theories.
Effects of the fasciocutaneous radial forearm flap on vascularity of the hand

Abstract Twelve randomly selected fasciocutaneous radial forearm flaps underwent bilateral vascular analysis an average of 26 months following surgery. Digital temperature comparisons revealed an average 2.5% (0.8°C) decrease following use of the radial forearm flap. Doppler flow studies performed to determine the digital/brachial pressure indices revealed no significant difference between the donor (1.06) and control (1.08) extremities; however, Doppler pulse-volume recordings performed after cold stress testing revealed an 18% delay in reconstitution of normothermia in the radial forearm flap group compared to controls. Only two patients reported transient mild symptoms of cold intolerance, which resolved over time.
The Paleocene-Eocene transition in the Antarctic Indian Ocean: Inference from planktic foraminifera

Isotopic depth stratification and relative abundance studies of planktic foraminifera at ODP Site 738 reveal three major faunal turnovers during the latest Paleocene and early Eocene, reflecting the climatic and structural changes in the Antarctic surface ocean. Faunal Event 1 occurred near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and is characterized by a faunal turnover in deep dwellers, decreased relative abundance in intermediate dwellers and increased relative abundance in surface dwellers. This event marks a temporary elimination of the vertical structure in the surface ocean over a period of more than 63,000 years that is apparently associated with the sudden shutdown of the “Antarctic Intermediate Water” production. The appearance of morozovellids before this event suggests that polar warming is the cause for the shutdown in the production of this water mass. At this time warm saline deep water may have formed at low latitudes. Faunal Event 2 occurred near the AP5a/AP5b Subzonal boundary and is characterized by a faunal turnover in deep dwellers with no apparent change in surface and intermediate dwellers. Increased individual size, wall-thickness and relative abundance in deep dwelling chiloguembelinids suggests the formation of a deep oxygen minima in the Antarctic Oceans during the maximum polar warming possibly as a result of upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water. Faunal Event 3 occurred in Subzone AP6 and is characterized by a faunal turnover in surface dwellers and a delayed diversification in deep dwellers. This event marks the onset of Antarctic cooling. A drastic decrease in the δ13C/δ18O values of the deep assemblage in Zone AP7 suggests an intensified thermocline and reduced upwelling following the polar cooling.
Introducing Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, an open access journal of the Alzheimer's Association

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring (DADM) (http://ees.elsevier.com/dadm/default.asp), an open access journal of the Alzheimer's Association. The journal will concentrate on new research that reports the discovery, development, and validation of assays, instruments, technologies, and algorithmic approaches leading to the accurate detection and tracking of individuals at risk of progressive dementing diseases. The reports to be published in this journal will cover a range of topics focused on the early and accurate detection of individuals with memory complaints and/or asymptomatic individuals at elevated risk of various forms of memory disorders. All forms of biomarkers will be considered, ranging from gene expression and proteomic markers, to imaging, cognitive and functional markers of disease progression or treatment response.
The catalytic reduction of nitric oxide over supported ruthenium catalysts

The activity of supported ruthenium catalysts for reducing NO to N2 in an exhaust-like feedstream has been examined in laboratory experiments. The rate and temperature of NO removal is largely dependent on the NO inlet concentration and independent of the concentration of reducing agents in the system. The selectivity for nitrogen formation, however, is dependent on the concentration of the reducing agents CO and H2 as well as the concentration of NO. No evidence was found for an ammonia intermediate in the conversion of nitric oxide to elemental nitrogen over ruthenium. The high selectivity of ruthenium for the NO to N2 conversion is explained and compared with the behavior of platinum and palladium catalysts.
Cardiology patient pages. Prothrombin 20210 mutation (factor II mutation).

Testing for the prothrombin 20210 mutation, also called factor II mutation, may have been offered by your doctor because you or someone in your family, has had (1) a blood clot in one of the deep veins of the body (also called deep vein thrombosis or DVT); (2) a blood clot that has traveled to the lung (called a pulmonary embolism or PE); (3) a blood clot in an unusual site (such as the mesenteric or cerebral sinus vein); (4) a heart attack or stroke at a young age; or (5) a history of recurrent pregnancy loss or stillbirth. A history like this in yourself or a family member may be indicative of an underlying thrombophilia. Thrombophilia is a term that describes a state in which the blood has an increased tendency to clot. People can have this increased tendency because they (1) have one or more inherited (genetic) risk factors, (2) have developed a chronic condition that puts them at increased risk, such as obesity, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or the persistence of certain antibodies (antiphospholipid antibodies), or (3) have a temporary condition that leads to an increased clotting tendency, such as recent surgery, trauma, a cast, prolonged immobility, pregnancy, or the use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. The purpose of this Cardiology Patient Page is to provide more information about the prothrombin mutation, which is the second most common cause of hereditary thrombophilia. Normally, there is a fine balance in the body which ensures that there is not too much bleeding or blood clotting. If this balance is disrupted, a blood clot may occur. Throughout the course of a normal day, the blood vessels sustain many minor injuries of which you are not aware. In response, the body naturally triggers the “clotting cascade”—a sequence of events …
Educational Regimes in Contemporary India

Educational Regimes in Contemporary India explores the historical influences of colonialism alongside the struggles of regionalism, religion, caste, and gender. Schooling as a social value is exami...
SOME BASIC FORMALISMS IN NUMERICAL VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS

Abstract This study aims at the theoretical development of a method of “four-dimensional analysis,” namely the numerical variational analysis. The three basic types of variational formalism in the numerical variational analysis method are discussed. The basic formalisms are categorized into three areas: (1) “timewise localized” formalism, (2) formalism with strong constraint, and (3) formalism with weak constraint. Exact satisfaction of selected prognostic equations were formulated as constraints in the functionals for the first two formalisms. However, only the second formalism contains explicitly the time variation terms in the Euler equations. The third formalism is characterized by the subsidiary condition which requires that the prognostic or diagnostic equations must be approximately satisfied. The variational formalisms and the associated Euler-Lagrange equations are obtained in the form of finite-difference analogs. In this article, the filtering of cach formalism and the uniqueness of solutions o...
Theoretical analysis of a varactor-loaded half-width leaky-wave antenna

Maintaining a narrow beamwidth is difficult for a linear phased array antenna comprised of wide beamwidth antenna elements with peak gain direction normal to the axis of the array as the beam is steered close to end-fire. Rather, use of near end-fire antennas, either singly or arrayed, offer the potential for achieving reasonably narrow beamwidth even as the beam is steered near endfire. For applications requiring wide bandwidth as well, half-width leaky-wave antennas offer a potential element. Unfortunately, the beam direction is dispersive. In this paper, a method is presented using varactors to overcome these challenges.
Study of Chattering Cruise

That steady-state cruise is not, in general, fuel-range optimal has been shown in studies by Speyer and others. The presently reported investigation makes use of a reduced-order ("energy") model for analysis of "chattering" cruise, an idealization of time-shared operation between two Mach-number/altitude points, proceeding along the general lines of a study by Gilbert and Parsons. The characteristic nonconvexity of the hodograph figure, which leads to chattering, is examined and attempts are made to relate the extent of the effect to aerodynamic and propulsion-system parameters. One such is an analytical attack on a highly simplified vehicle model featuring Mach-number and altitude independence. Another is a computational study of several aircraft modeled with the usual altitude dependence, and with and without Mach dependence. The trends noted are examined further in a look at specific-energy dependence of the hodograph figure's shape. Although substantial improvements in fuel economy appear in low-energy situations, the best improvement found in the cruise-energy range is about 5%.
Novel anticoagulants vs warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

Warfarin has remained the mainstay of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation for the past 60 years. Recently, two new groups of novel oral anticoagulants- direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran) and factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) have shown promising results in well conducted clinical trials in terms of efficacy, safety and convenience of usage. However, in real world practice these novel agents come with their share of side effects and drawbacks which the prescribing physician must be aware about. In this review we discuss the role of these novel agents in real world clinical practice – their advantages, disadvantages and future directions.
Mobilization and transport of organic compounds from reservoir rock and caprock in geological carbon sequestration sites

Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is a good solvent for organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX), phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Monitoring results from geological carbon sequestration (GCS) field tests have shown that organic compounds are mobilized following CO2 injection. Such results have raised concerns regarding the potential for groundwater contamination by toxic organic compounds mobilized during GCS. Knowledge of the mobilization mechanism of organic compounds and their transport and fate in the subsurface is essential for assessing risks associated with GCS. Extraction tests using scCO2 and methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) were conducted to study the mobilization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs, including BTEX), the PAH naphthalene, and n-alkanes by scCO2 from representative reservoir rock and caprock obtained from depleted oil reservoirs and coal from an enhanced coal-bed methane recovery site. Results showed that the extent of mobilization for the organic compounds was a function of the source rock. In fate and transport sand column experiments, moisture content was found to have an important influence on the transport of the organic compounds. In dry sand columns the majority of the compounds were retained in the column except benzene and toluene. In wet sand columns the mobility of the BTEX was much higher than that of naphthalene. Based upon the results determined for the reservoir rock, caprock, and coal samples studied here, the risk to aquifers from contamination by organic compounds appears to be relatively low; however, further work is necessary to fully evaluate the risks.
Friction, Fracture, and Earthquakes

A primary goal in seismology is to identify constraints arising from the small-scale physics of friction and fracture that can provide bounds on seismic hazard and ground motion at the fault scale. Here, we review the multiscale earthquake rupture problem and describe a physical model for the deformation of amorphous materials such as granular fault gouge. The model is based on shear transformation zone (STZ) theory, a microscopic model for plastic deformation. STZ theory ties fault weakening to the evolution of an effective temperature, which quantifies configurational disorder and captures the spontaneous formation and growth of narrow shear bands in the fault gouge.
INTEGER PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

Recent developments in integer-programming software systems have tremendously improved our ability to solve large-scale instances. We review the major algorithmic components of state-of-the-art solvers and discuss the options available to users for adjusting the behavior of these solvers when default settings do not achieve the desired performance level. Furthermore, we highlight advances towards integrated modeling and solution environments. We conclude with a discussion of model characteristics and substructures that pose challenges for integer-programming software systems and a perspective on features we may expect to see in these systems in the near future.