cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transgenic Expression of the Amyloid-β Precursor Protein-Intracellular Domain Does Not Induce Alzheimer's Disease–Like Traits In Vivo

Background Regulated intramembranous proteolysis of the amyloid-β precursor protein by the γ-secretase yields amyloid-β, which is the major component of the amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the APP intracellular domain (AID). In vitro studies have involved AID in apoptosis and gene transcription. In vivo studies, which utilize transgenic mice expressing AID in the forebrain, only support a role for AID in apoptosis but not gene transcription. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we have further characterized several lines of AID transgenic mice by crossing them with human Tau-bearing mice, to determine whether over-expression of AID in the forebrain provokes AD-like pathologic features in this background. We have found no evidence that AID overexpression induces AD-like characteristics, such as activation of GSK-3β, hyperphosphorylation of Tau and formation of neurofibrillary pathology. Conclusions/Significance Overall, these data suggest that AID transgenic mice do not represent a model that reproduces the overt biochemical and anatomo-pathologic lesions observed in AD patients. They can still be a valuable tool to understand the role of AID in enhancing the cell sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, whose pathways still need to be characterized.
Separation of Selected Beta Lactam Antibiotic Epimers on Gamma Cyclodextrin, Ion Exchange Ethylvinylbenzene/Divinylbenzene/Copolymer and Poly(Styrene-Divinylbenzene) Copolymer Stationary Phases

Abstract High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stationary phases of gamma cyclodextrin, ion exchange ethylvinylbenzene/divinylbenzene (EVB/DVB) copolymer and poly (Styrene-divinylbenzene) (PRP-1) copolymer were investigated for the separation of beta lactam antibiotic epimers of cephalexin, moxalactam, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin. A combination of ion pair chromatography and inclusion complex formation improved the selectivity of moxalactam epimers on gamma cyclodextrin but had no effect on cephalexin epimers. A 10% increase in resolution was obtained for the moxalactam epimers on gamma cyclodextrin when 3mM tetrapropylammonium bromide was present in the mobile phase. Ion-exchange and reverse phase properties of the ion-exchange EVB/DVB phase coupled with perchlorate or sodium pentane sulfonate ion pair chromatography were also successful in separating some of the epimers. Retention and separation behavior of the analytes could not be easily predicted using this multiphase system. The PRP-1 pha...
Feeding after fourth ventricular administration of neuropeptide Y receptor agonists in rats

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) stimulate food intake after injection into the fourth cerebral ventricle, suggesting that NPY receptors in the hindbrain are targets for the stimulatory effect of these peptides on food intake. However, the NPY/PYY receptor subtype mediating the feeding response in the hindbrain is not known. To approach to this question we compared dose-effect of several NPY receptor agonists to stimulate food intake in freely-feeding rats 60- and 120-min after injection into the fourth cerebral ventricle. At the 120-min time point, PYY was 2- to 10-times as potent as NPY over the dose-response range and stimulated twice the total intake at the maximally effective dose (2-fold greater efficacy). NPY was 2-times as potent as the Y1, Y5 receptor agonist, [Leu31Pro34]NPY but acted with comparable efficacy. The Y5-, Y2-differentiating receptor agonist, NPY 2-36, was comparable in potency to PYY at low doses but equal in efficacy NPY and [Leu31Pro34]NPY. The Y2 receptor agonist, NPY 13-36, produced only a marginal effect on total food intake. The profile of agonist potency after fourth cerebral ventricle administration is similar to the profile obtained when these or related agonists are injected in the region of the hypothalamus. Agonists at both Y1 and Y5 receptors stimulated food intake with a rank order of potency that does not conclusively favor the exclusive involvement of a single known NPY receptor subtype. Thus it is possible that the ingestive effects of NPY and PYY are mediated by multiple or novel receptor subtypes in the hindbrain. And the relatively greater potency and efficacy of PYY raises the possibility that a novel PYY-preferring receptor in the hindbrain is involved in the stimulation of food intake.
Initiation of Allopurinol at First Medical Contact for Acute Attacks of Gout: A Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE: Streamlining the initiation of allopurinol could result in a cost benefit for a common medical problem and obviate the perception that no treatment is required once acute attacks have resolved. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in patient daily pain or subsequent attacks with early versus delayed initiation of allopurinol for an acute gout attack. METHODS: A total of 57 men with crystal-proven gout were randomized to allopurinol 300 mg daily or matching placebo for 10 days. All subjects received indomethacin 50 mg 3 times per day for 10 days, a prophylactic dose of colchicine 0.6 mg 2 times per day for 90 days, and open-label allopurinol starting at day 11. Primary outcome measures were pain on visual analogue scale (VAS) for the primary joint on days 1 to 10 and self-reported flares in any joint through day 30. RESULTS: On the basis of 51 evaluable subjects (allopurinol in 26, placebo in 25), mean daily VAS pain scores did not differ significantly between study groups at any point between days 1 and 10. Initial VAS pain scores for allopurinol and placebo arms were 6.72 versus 6.28 (P .37), declining to 0.18 versus 0.27 (P .54) at day 10, with neither group consistently having more daily pain. Subsequent flares occurred in 2 subjects taking allopurinol and 3 subjects taking placebo (P .60). Although urate levels decreased rapidly in the allopurinol group (from 7.8 mg/dL at baseline to 5.9 mg/dL at day 3), sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels did not differ between groups at any point. CONCLUSIONS: Allopurinol initiation during an acute gout attack caused no significant difference in daily pain, recurrent flares, or inflammatory markers.
Gauge and Global Symmetries at High Temperature

It is shown how finite-temperature effects in a renormalizable quantum field theory can restore a symmetry which is broken at zero temperature. In general, for both gauge symmetries and ordinary symmetries, such effects occur only through a temperature-dependent change in the effective bare mass of the scalar bosons. The change in the boson bare mass is calculated for general field theories, and the results are used to derive the critical temperatures for a few special cases, including gauge and nongauge theories. In one case, it is found that a symmetry which is unbroken at low temperature can be broken by raising the temperature above a critical value. An appendix presents a general operator formalism for dealing with higher-order effects, and it is observed that the one-loop diagrams of field theory simply represent the contribution of zero-point energies to the free energy density. The cosmological implications of this work are briefly discussed.
Discovery of Salmonella Virulence Factors Translocated via Outer Membrane Vesicles to Murine Macrophages

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an intracellular pathogen and leading cause of food-borne illness, encodes a plethora of virulence effectors. Salmonella virulence factors are translocated into host cells and manipulate host cellular activities, providing a more hospitable environment for bacterial proliferation. In this study, we report a new set of virulence factors that is translocated into the host cytoplasm via bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV). PagK (or PagK1), PagJ, and STM2585A (or PagK2) are small proteins composed of ∼70 amino acids and have high sequence homology to each other (>85% identity). Salmonella lacking all three homologues was attenuated for virulence in a mouse infection model, suggesting at least partial functional redundancy among the homologues. While each homologue was translocated into the macrophage cytoplasm, their translocation was independent of all three Salmonella gene-encoded type III secretion systems (T3SSs)–Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) T3SS, SPI-2 T3SS, and the flagellar system. Selected methods, including direct microscopy, demonstrated that the PagK-homologous proteins were secreted through OMV, which were enriched with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane proteins. Vesicles produced by intracellular bacteria also contained lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), suggesting the possibility of OMV convergence with host cellular components during intracellular trafficking. This study identified novel Salmonella virulence factors secreted via OMV and demonstrated that OMV can function as a vehicle to transfer virulence determinants to the cytoplasm of the infected host cell.
Tautomycin suppresses growth and neuroendocrine hormone markers in carcinoid cells through activation of the Raf-1 pathway

Abstract Background Carcinoids are neuroendocrine (NE) tumors with limited treatment options. Raf-1 pathway activation has been shown to suppress hormone production in carcinoid cells. We investigated a novel treatment for carcinoid cell growth based on pharmacologic Raf-1 activation using the compound tautomycin (TTY). Methods Human carcinoid cells were treated with TTY for 48 hours. Western blot analysis was used to demonstrate Raf-1 pathway activation by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and to determine the effect on NE tumor markers. Cellular growth was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Treatment with TTY resulted in dose-dependent activation of the Raf-1 pathway. Furthermore, a significant decrease in NE tumor markers was seen. Importantly, TTY inhibited carcinoid cellular growth and induced the cell-cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Conclusion TTY activates the Raf-1 pathway, limits carcinoid cell growth, and suppresses NE marker production in vitro. This new compound warrants further investigation in animal models of carcinoid cancer.
Teen breastfeeding support group

Abstract BACKGROUND: Rates of breastfeeding among U.S. women have increased in the last two decades; however, this trend has not been observed among adolescents. Research has shown that peer support and breastfeeding education without typical lectures are effective means of promoting breastfeeding with teens. METHODS: The Teen Breastfeeding Support Group, founded in 1998, meets biweekly, serving pregnant and/or breastfeeding adolescents. Facilitated by a breastfeeding counselor and a nurse practitioner, the focus of the group is peer support. Goals of the group include promoting breastfeeding with the adolescent mother through education and support, ultimately increasing breastfeeding rates. Three to ten teens attend each group, as well as their mothers, boyfriends, friends, and other support people. RESULTS: Since 1998, approximately 100 pregnant teens and teen mothers have attended at least one group, with most teens attending 3-5 groups. Satisfaction surveys completed by the teens after attending their first meeting indicate positive changes in knowledge, attitude and intention to breastfeed. CONCLUSIONS: The Teen Breastfeeding Support Group provides peer support for breastfeeding and breastfeeding education tailored to the teens' developmental needs, which have been shown to increase breastfeeding rates with teens.
Sparse MRI Reconstruction via Multiscale L0-Continuation

"Compressed Sensing" and related L1-minimization methods for reconstructing sparse magnetic resonance images (MRI) acquired at sub-Nyquist rates have shown great potential for dramatically reducing exam duration. Nonetheless, the non-triviality of numerical implementation and computational intensity of these reconstruction algorithms has thus far precluded their widespread use in clinical practice. In this work, we propose a novel MRI reconstruction framework based on homotopy continuation of the L0 semi-norm using redescending M-estimator functions. Following analysis of the continuation scheme, the sparsity measure is extended to multiscale form and a simple numerical solver that can achieve accurate reconstructions in a matter of seconds on a standard desktop computer is presented.
GeneSigDB: a manually curated database and resource for analysis of gene expression signatures

GeneSigDB (http://www.genesigdb.org or http:// compbio.dfci.harvard.edu/genesigdb/) is a database of gene signatures that have been extracted and manually curated from the published literature. It provides a standardized resource of published prognostic, diagnostic and other gene signatures of cancer and related disease to the community so they can compare the predictive power of gene signatures or use these in gene set enrichment analysis. Since GeneSigDB release 1.0, we have expanded from 575 to 3515 gene signatures, which were collected and transcribed from 1604 published articles largely focused on gene expression in cancer, stem cells, immune cells, development and lung disease. We have made substantial upgrades to the GeneSigDB website to improve accessibility and usability, including adding a tag cloud browse function, facetted navigation and a ‘basket’ feature to store genes or gene signatures of interest. Users can analyze GeneSigDB gene signatures, or upload their own gene list, to identify gene signatures with significant gene overlap and results can be viewed on a dynamic editable heatmap that can be downloaded as a publication quality image. All data in GeneSigDB can be downloaded in numerous formats including .gmt file format for gene set enrichment analysis or as a R/Bioconductor data file. GeneSigDB is available from http://www. genesigdb.org.
Transport Analysis of ITER Startup, Burn, and Shutdown Scenarios

Two reference operational scenarios for the ITER CDA design are examined with the time-dependent 1½-D WHIST transport code: the A1 ignition case and the B1 long-pulse case. Plasma profiles are eval...
Acute-phase response to endogenous pyrogen in rabbit: effects of age and route of administration

Aspects of host defense, collectively called the acute phase response (APR), can be induced by central actions of cytokines. To determine whether aging alters this response, aged and young rabbits were given endogenous pyrogen (EP), a crude preparation containing interleukin 1 and other cytokines, via an intracerebroventricular cannula. Arterial blood was sampled before EP administration and 2, 4, and 24 h later. Measurements were made of changes in body temperature, white blood cells, neutrophils, concentration of antipyretic, anti-inflammatory peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), corticosterone, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. EP caused greater fever and increases in corticosterone and CRP in young rabbits. EP-induced changes in circulating neutrophils did not show age-related differences. There was no significant change in alpha-MSH in either age group; thus only certain aspects of APR induced by central actions of EP were altered with aging. To determine whether changes in APR caused by peripherally administered cytokines are similar to those after central injection, young female rabbits were given EP by both routes. Although administration caused greater fever, increases in alpha-MSH and corticosterone concentrations and in neutrophil counts were greater after intravenous administration, perhaps the result of a combined influence on peripheral and central receptors. The EP-induced increase in circulating alpha-MSH is a new finding that indicates that this antipyretic and anti-inflammatory peptide is rapidly available to modulate host responses after challenge.
Effects of fluoride application on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strength and debonding failure modes of orthodontic brackets bonded to teeth that have been treated with various fluoride concentrations. Thirty-six recently extracted human premolars were divided into three groups: prophylaxis with pumice only, prophylaxis using a 13,500 ppm fluoridated pumice, and prophylaxis with pumice followed by application of a 2500 ppm fluoridated paste. The teeth were etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel, then bonded with a metal orthodontic bracket. The teeth were mounted in phenolic rings and stored in de-ionized water at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. A Zwick Universal Testing Machine was used to determine shear bond strengths. The residual adhesive on the enamel surface was estimated using the Adhesive Remnant Index. Analysis of variance was used to compare the various groups, and significance was predetermined at p < or = 0.5. The results indicate that there were no significant differences in bond strengths between the treated and untreated teeth (p = .233). The Chi Square test evaluating the residual adhesive on the enamel surfaces also showed no significant differences (p =.456). In conclusion, the use of fluoridated prophylactic pastes with varying fluoride concentrations does not significantly affect shear bond strength or bond failure location.
Uniformity and Politics: Interpreting and Filling Gaps in the CISG

This paper, which appears as a chapter in the FESTSCHRIFT FUR ULRICH MAGNUS 193-207 (Peter Mankowski and Wolfgang Wurmnest, eds., Sellier European Law Publishers 2014), advances the thesis that some current approaches to interpretation and gap-filling in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG"), overemphasize the goal of uniformity and, ironically, thereby create a threat to the project to create uniform international commercial law. The chapter describes a prominent current approach that, in the name of the uniformity goal, unduly expands the reach of the Convention. It then re-examines the Convention's uniform-interpretation desideratum, and suggests that the 2009 Scafom decision by the Belgian Cassation Court illustrates the problems with the currently-prominent uniformity-at-all-costs approach; Finally, the chapter suggests an alternative approach to the Convention's uniformity consideration -- one that better reflects the treaty text, its drafting history, and the international consensus that made the Convention both possible and successful.
Co-prime array processing with sum and difference co-array

Among various sparse-array techniques, co-prime array is found to be more attractive because of its high efficiency and simplicity. In this paper, we propose a scheme that can exploit both sum and difference co-arrays to form a larger size of continuous virtual array while keeping the conventional co-prime array configuration. Compared to the method that needs to extend the sensor array size to ensure the continuity of virtual array, our scheme can reduce the number of required physical sensors while still obtaining the same or even more degrees-of-freedomthat can be exploited in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in achieving lower-cost, faster, and more accurate DOA estimation.
What happens in a measurement

It is assumed that in a measurement the system under study interacts with a macroscopic measuring apparatus, in such a way that the density matrix of the measured system evolves according to the Lindblad equation. Under an assumption of nondecreasing von Neumann entropy, conditions on the operators appearing in this equation are given that are necessary and sufficient for the late-time limit of the density matrix to take the form appropriate for a measurement. Where these conditions are satisfied, the Lindblad equation can be solved explicitly. The probabilities appearing in the late-time limit of this general solution are found to agree with the Born rule, and are independent of the details of the operators in the Lindblad equation.
Fabrication and characterization of stable hydrophilic microfluidic devices prepared via the in situ tertiary-amine catalyzed Michael addition of multifunctional thiols to multifunctional acrylates.

In situ tertiary amine-catalyzed thiol–acrylate chemistry was employed to produce hydrophilic microfluidic devices via a soft lithography process. The process involved the Michael addition of a secondary amine to a multifunctional acrylate producing a nonvolatile in situ tertiary amine catalyst/comonomer molecule. The Michael addition of a multifunctional thiol to a multifunctional acrylate was facilitated by the catalytic activity of the in situ catalyst/comonomer. These cost-efficient thiol–acrylate devices were prepared at room temperature, rapidly, and with little equipment. The thiol–acrylate thermoset materials were more natively hydrophilic than the normally employed poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) thermoset material, and the surface energies were stable compared to PDMS. Because the final chip was self-adhered via a simple chemical process utilizing the same chemistry, and it was naturally hydrophilic, there was no need for expensive instrumentation or complicated methods to “activate” the surface. ...
Economically Optimized Loading of a Combined Heat and Power Facility

An optimizing software system was developed to predict technically feasible, economically optimum operating points for a multi-faceted combined heat and power facility. The software combines detailed technical performance with a flexible purchase and sale model to predict equipment load levels that optimize net plant revenue subject to operational constraints. The optimization technique is iterative and relies on successive linear approximation of the true nonlinear behavior of the plant. Detailed production capability of each plant component is pre-simulated over the entire range of operation using a widely-accepted, commercially-available simulation package. Pre-simulated results are stored in look-up tables for fast evaluation during optimization calculations. Sensitivity of predicted optimum load point is analyzed using further constrained optimization runs. This paper provides description of the optimization technique, its implementation, and numerical sensitivity analysis, as well as insightful example cases.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Oviposition Rhythm in Crambus teterrellus: Temperature-Depression Effects and Apparent Circadian Periodicity

Records of seasonal outdoor oviposition were obtained from females of the bluegrass webworm, Crambus teterrellus (Zincken), paired with males, both sexes being known age. Volume of diel oviposition decreased in September. In late July females oviposited significantly at very low light intensities after exposure to a temperature drop of <1°C in the previous 0.5 hr. In September oviposition began under much higher light intensities after a comparable exposure to a greater (about 3°C) temperature drop. In the laboratory moths oviposited in bright light during a 0.5-hr temperature depression from 25 to 20° C, but not during sudden light intensity change from about 2000 to 230 at 25°C. Amount of evening oviposition stimulated temperature depression compared favorably with stimulated by light-dark transitions. However early afternoon temperature depressions were less effective stimuli. Continued light inhibited oviposition following initial stimulation by temperature depressions. A possible circadian oviposition rhythm was observed, in contrast with earlier findings involving unpaired females unknown ages.
Uptake of Radioactive Vitamin B12 by Various Microorganisms

SummaryA number of microorganisms were grown in a synthetic medium in which was incorporated radioactive vit. B12 tagged with Co60. Among those studied, radioactivity was found in varying amounts in the cells of all species studied except L. arabinosus. The incorporation of the radioactivity was not related to the requirement of vit. B12 for growth of the bacterial cells. It was estimated that approximately 8 molecules of the tagged vitamin united with each L. leichmannii cell. Evidence is presented to show that the radioactivity in the cell is due to vit. B12 in that (1) cells grown in the presence of Co60Cl2 with or without addition of non-radioactive vit. B12 contained no radioactivity, and (2) the microbiological activity in homogenates of distintegrated cells paralleled that calculated from radioactivity due to Co60. Measurements of uptakes of radioactive vit. B12 by two competing organisms (such as L. leichmannii and E. coli) separated by cellophane membranes readily permeable to this vitamin as wel...
Synchrotron X-ray charge density study of coordination polymer Co3(C8H4O4)4(C4H12N)2(C5H11NO)3 at 16 K.

The charge density (CD) of coordination polymer Co3(C8H4O4)4(C4H12N)2(C5H11NO)3 (1) has been determined from multipole modeling of structure factors obtained from single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements at 16 K. The crystal structure formally contains a negatively charged framework with cations and neutral molecules in the voids. However, the CD suggests that the framework is close to neutral, and therefore qualitative conclusions based on formal charge counting, e.g., about guest inclusion properties, will be incorrect. There are considerable differences in the charge distributions of the three unique benzenedicarboxylic acid linkers, which are widely used in coordination polymers. This suggests that the electrostatic properties of coordination polymer cavities, and thereby their inclusion properties, are highly tunable. The electron density topology shows that the tetrahedrally coordinated Co atom has an atomic volume which is 15% larger than that of the octahedrally coordinated Co ato...
Analysis and Design of Two-Port $N$ - Path Bandpass Filters With Embedded Phase Shifting

N-path switched- RC circuits are a promising solution for realizing tunable high- Q filters on chip. Here, a novel method of embedding phase-shifting functionality into the two-port N- path filter response by shifting the phase of the input and output clock sets relative to each other is introduced. Furthermore, a two-port design allows us to embed variable attenuation that can be useful in applications such as wideband self-interference cancellers and phased-array front ends, where filtering, phase shifting, and variable gain are functionally required. The effect of the embedded phase shift is analyzed with linear periodically time-variant theory and has been verified through simulations and measurement. Measurement results are presented for a two-port N- path filter implemented in a 65-nm CMOS 0.8-1.4-GHz highly reconfigurable self-interference canceling receiver. The two-port filter achieves 13-dB gain control and full 360° phase-shift range for the in-band transfer function.
Amino Acid Catabolism

Overview • Branched chain amino acids are oxidized by brain and muscle tissue, whereas aromatic amino acids are metabolized in the liver.
Ligand Regulation and Nuclear Receptor Action

Nuclear receptors signal primarily via ligand-dependent mechanisms that are initiated when the ligand in question interacts with a specific receptor binding domain. Subsequent transcriptional responses to ligand-receptor interaction are then dependent on an array of downstream mechanisms such as chromatin remodeling, receptor binding to target gene promoter DNA and the modulation of receptor co-activators and co-repressors. However, it is also important to recognize that the efficacy of nuclear receptor signaling will also be influenced by more upstream pathways that modulate the ligand itself. These include mechanisms that control the cellular acquisition of ligand and its subcellular translocation, as well as metabolic systems that increase or decrease the local concentration of nuclear receptor ligands. The following chapter describes examples of these pathways for regulation of nuclear receptor ligands and their developing importance as therapeutic targets for human disease.
Stochastic Model for Variable Amplitude Fatigue Induced Delamination Growth in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates

A stochastic model is used to predict the growth of delamination in graphite/epoxy laminates subjected to variable amplitude cyclic loading. The advantage of this model is that both the mean and variance associated with the growth of delamination are predicted. Understanding and predicting the variability associated with the delamination growth process is essential to the estimation of the reliability of composite structures. The empirical nature of the model has been minimized through the introduction of fracture mechanics parameters into the stochastic model. This has been accomplished by assuming that the mean of the stochastic model is represented by a fracture mechanics power law based on strain energy release rate. The applicability of the model is demonstrated through an experimental data generated on three laminate geometries. The results of the experimental evaluation illustrate the ability of the model to predict both the mean and variance of the delamination growth process in composite laminates subjected to cyclic loading.
A Double Issue of The Pomegranate: The First Decades of Contemporary Pagan Studies

Tracing the history of Pagan studies, primarily in the United States, I look back to the Pomegranate's inspiration, Iron Mountain: A Journal of Magical Religion and touch on some high points in the history of Pagan studies book publication well.
Wireless structural control using stochastic bandwidth allocation and dynamic state estimation with measurement fusion

Summary Wireless sensor networks are becoming more popular for structural monitoring because of their low installation costs; in addition, coupling structural control with wireless data acquisition can also yield advantages. However, these systems have limited communication bandwidth, limiting their effectiveness as the number of devices in control networks grows large if centralized control approaches are used. Traditional methods for collocating data in wireless structural control network rely on time-budgeted bandwidth or spatial decentralization, where the network is divided into smaller subnetworks. These methods are largely static and typically do not take into account any measure of data quality to prioritize transmissions. This study presents a dynamic approach for bandwidth allocation in wireless structural control networks that relies on an application-specific, autonomous, and controller-aware, carrier sense multiple access with collision detection protocol. Stochastic parameters are derived to strategically alter back-off times in the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection algorithm based on nodal observability and output estimation error. Inspired by data fusion approaches, this paper presents 2 different methods for neighborhood state estimation using a dynamic form of measurement-only fusion. Upon receiving data from the contended wireless medium, each wireless unit fuses incoming data using a precalculated static Kalman gain matrix for the corresponding dynamic neighborhood. Onboard, each wireless unit contains a library of Kalman gain matrices, to accommodate any possible set of communicated data. Both numerical simulations and small-scale laboratory experimental results are presented.
Present Status of Hemofiltration

Hemofiltration began in 1967 when serious attention was given to the design of equipment for ultrafiltering whole blood on line with maintenance of total blood volume within precise limits in a manner analogous to the human kidney glomerulus and tubule (1). Hemofiltration is defined as an extracorporeal process in which uremic whole blood is cleansed by a combination of ultrafiltration with convective solute loss and dilution with a physiologic saline solution. Dilution may occur either before or after the ultrafiltration. I will spend no time on the rationale for this work, but rather will address the present technical and clinical status of hemofiltration. It should be appreciated that until recently this technique for treating uremia was purely a laboratory endeavor. Hence, the magnitude of the clinical experience is small. In the present reporting, I have added my own speculation rather freely.
Kids & Video: Playing with Friends at a Distance

As children’s use of technology grows, we see video as an important communication medium for children to connect with their friends and family members. This chapter describes a series of research projects focused on connecting children with their friends using video. The VideoPlaydate project explored children’s use of synchronous video conferencing technologies to connect with distant friends and examined several extensions to standard videoconferencing systems to better support children’s free play. In a follow-up project called IllumiShare, a novel hardware device was developed to enable any surface to become shared. IllumiShare allows children to easily incorporate any physical object into their remote play with friends, including toys, books, and games. The chapter also describes a project which explored children’s use of an asynchronous video messaging tool called VideoPal to help children develop new friendships with Pen Pals from a different country or strengthen existing friendships with children they see on a regular basis. These research projects demonstrate the potential of video to connect children with their peers, and also identifies several important design recommendations that must be considered in systems to support children’s remote play with friends.
Theorieentwicklung und Hypothesen

Anknupfend an den Forschungsuberblick und die Metastudie soll die identifizierte Forschungslucke dahingehend geschlossen werden, dass die Perspektive der Unternehmung auf der Ebene des einzelnen Projektes im Mittelpunkt der Uberlegungen steht. Dabei werden insbesondere die Rolle und Eigenschaften des F&E Projektmanagers untersucht, denn dieser nimmt innerhalb des Projektes eine zentrale Bedeutung ein (z.B. Entscheidungen, Managementverhalten oder -praktiken). In diesem Kapitel sollen nun Forschungshypothesen und darauf basierende Frameworks entwickelt werden, die erklaren, wann Unternehmen mit Universitaten in F&E kooperieren sollten und werden (Kapitel 3.1), wie Performance in diesen Forschungskooperationen gemessen (Kapitel 3.2.1) und durch welche Determinanten diese beeinflusst werden kann (Kapitel 3.2.2).
Virtue ethics and cultural competence: Improving service one administrator at a time

As the United States continues to become more diverse, companies and government agencies face the challenge of ensuring that their workforce is able to serve and to produce products for this divers...
End Stage Nonspecific Group

A 45-year-old man presents with extensive asymptomatic hair loss affecting most of the top of his scalp. Ten years earlier, he was seen by a dermatologist for patchy hair loss and he remembers having much pain and itching. Scalp biopsy at that time showed lichen planopilaris. His treatment included hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide. He was lost to follow up until his current visit. Scalp examination at the present time shows complete, confluent hair loss over the entire top of his scalp with absence of follicular markings and absence of any clinical inflammation (Fig. 9.1). Currently, there is no clinical clue regarding the diagnosis of his original patchy hair loss. A scalp biopsy is taken.
Lifetime discrimination burden, racial discrimination, and subclinical cerebrovascular disease among African Americans.

OBJECTIVE Explore interactive relations of lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination-chronic stressors among African Americans (AAs)-and age with MRI-assessed white matter lesion volume (WMLV), a prognostic indicator of poor clinical brain health outcomes. METHOD AAs (N = 71; 60.6% female, mean age = 50) participating in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study underwent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging coded for WMLV. Participants self-reported lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination approximately 5 years earlier. Multivariable regression models assessed interactions of linear and quadratic effects of discrimination and age with WMLV adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Findings revealed significant interactive relations of age and (a) quadratic, lifetime discrimination burden, B = .05, p = .014, ηpartial2 = .092, and (b) quadratic, racial discrimination, B = .03, p = .001, ηpartial2 = .155, with WMLV. Among older AA, increases in lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination were associated with increases in WMLV (ps < .03); in younger AA, decreasing levels of racial discrimination were related to increases in WMLV (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Among older AA, as lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination increased, so did WMLV. However, in younger AA, decreases in racial discrimination were associated with increased WMLV. Elucidation of complex mechanistic underpinnings, including potentially differential impacts of the acknowledgment versus suppression or underreporting of discriminatory experiences, among AA of different age cohorts, is critical to understanding the present pattern of findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Focus: querying large video datasets with low latency and low cost

Large volumes of video are continuously recorded by cameras deployed for traffic control and surveillance with the goal of answering "after the fact" queries such as: identify video frames with objects of certain classes (cars, bags) from many days of recorded video. Current systems for processing such queries on large video datasets incur either high cost at video ingest time or high latency at query time. We present Focus, a system providing both low-cost and low-latency querying on large video datasets. Focus' architecture flexibly and effectively divides the query processing work between ingest time and query time. At ingest time (on live videos), Focus uses cheap convolutional network classifiers (CNNs) to construct an approximate index of all possible object classes in each frame (to handle queries for any class in the future). At query time, Focus leverages this approximate index to provide low latency, but compensates for the lower accuracy of the cheap CNNs through the judicious use of an expensive CNN. Experiments on commercial video streams show that Focus is 48× (up to 92×) cheaper than using expensive CNNs for ingestion, and provides 125× (up to 607×) lower query latency than a state-of-the-art video querying system (NoScope).
Soft tissue work in early stance of walking: partitioning foot vs. rest-of-body contributions

Soft tissues throughout the human body are known to perform negative work (i.e. energy absorption) through wobbling and deforming, particularly following foot impacts with the ground. Studies estim...
Acquired hemophilia A

Acquired inhibitors of coagulation are a group of rare but potentially life-threatening blood disorders characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against clotting factor. Autoantibody against factor VIII is the most common form of clotting factor inhibitor, a condition also known as acquired hemophilia A. We present a clinical series of nine patients diagnosed and treated for acquired hemophilia A at our institution. Among these nine patients, there were five men and four women with a median age of 64 years. All patients presented with bleeding diathesis. Factor eight inhibitor bypassing agent and/or recombinant factor VIIa were predominantly used for control of active bleeding. For elimination of autoantibodies, either steroids alone or the combination of steroids with rituximab or oral cyclophosphamide was used. Despite aggressive measures, two of the patients had a poor outcome; seven of the nine patients (77%) had a good clinical outcome. Acquired hemophilia A should be strongly suspected in any patient presenting with bleeding and a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Early initiation of factor bypassing agents such as activated prothrombin complex concentrates or recombinant factor VIIa, along with the use of immunosuppressive agents, can be lifesaving.
Genetic Determinants and Pharmacogenetics of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture

In contrast to Mendelian diseases that are usually caused by a mutation in a single gene, common diseases and disease-associated quantitative traits such as osteoporotic fractures and BMD do not segregate in a Mendelian manner within families and are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Estimated from twins and siblings, the narrow-sense genetic heritability h2 of BMD is >0.50, suggesting a strong genetic contribution to the risk of osteoporosis. BMD is considered as one of the highly heritable disease-associated quantitative traits. The feasibility of carrying out genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on common variants has led to rapid progress in the field of complex-disease genetics, and provided valuable information about the contribution of genetic variants to phenotypes. In the past 10 years, GWAS have identified ~604 GWAS loci that are associated with bone-health-related phenotypes; including DXA-derived area BMD; qCT-derived volumetric BMD; estimated BMD (eBMD) and heel bone properties from heel quantitative ultrasound; bone geometry, shape, and microstructure; osteoporotic fractures and nonunion; pediatric bone density; serum vitamin D and other serum bone biomarkers. The discovery of underlying genetic determinants may create opportunities for novel diagnostics and drug targets to support a personalized approach to treating osteoporosis and prevent osteoporotic fracture. Although several osteoporotic medications have shown to be effective in reducing the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women and are recommended as the first-line therapies for patients with osteoporosis, the response to these anti-osteoporotic therapies is highly variable among individuals and such variability may also be partly determined by genetic factors. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic variation between individuals that affects their response to drugs as well as treatment-related adverse effects, such as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical femoral fractures (AFF). In this chapter, we review and discuss findings from GWAS along with pharmacogenetics studies of osteoporotic treatments.
Effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on sleep and opioid medication use in adults with fibromyalgia and insomnia.

Sleep and opioid medications used to treat insomnia and chronic pain are associated with adverse side effects (falls and cognitive disturbance). Although behavioural treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and pain (CBT-P) improve sleep and clinical pain, their effects on sleep and opioid medication use are unclear. In this secondary analysis of published trial data, we investigated whether CBT-I and CBT-P reduced reliance on sleep/opioid medication in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia (FMI). Patients with FMI (n = 113, Mage = 53.0, SD = 10.9) completed 8 weeks of CBT-I (n = 39), CBT-P (n = 37) or waitlist control (WLC; n = 37). Participants completed 14 daily diaries at baseline, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up, assessing sleep and opioid medication usage. Multilevel modelling examined group by time effects on days of medication use. A significant interaction revealed CBT-P reduced the number of days of sleep medication use at post-treatment, but usage returned to baseline levels at follow-up. There were no other significant within- or between-group effects. CBT-P led to immediate reductions in sleep medication usage, despite lack of explicit content regarding sleep medication. CBT-I and CBT-P may be ineffective as stand-alone treatments for altering opioid use in FMI. Future work should explore CBT as an adjunct to other behavioural techniques for opioid reduction.
Hawai'i Statutory Compilations 1842-1993

It would seem an easy task to compile a list of statutes and statutory codes and compilations for Hawaiʻi. Assemble the books, make a list, type it up, etc. There is no agreement in the prefaces to the various codes and compilations about the first laws and it seems that many of the people tasked with making a new compilation did not or could not find a complete set of laws from which to start. Laws were promulgated both orally and in print until November 2, 1842, when Kauikeaouli, Kamehameha III, signed into law “An Act Pointing Out the Manner in which the Laws Shall be Promulgated.” This Act meant that from this point forward printed laws would be legal authority and ended the oral law tradition. Section 1 of the Act states, “Hereafter no law of the kingdom shall take effect without having been first printed and made public.” After Hawaiʻi became a state in 1959, the first set of laws called the Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes began in 1968 and new compilations have been called Replacement Volumes. The last full set were the 1993 Replacement Volumes. Since then, individual volumes have been replaced by the Revisor of Statutes under the authority of Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes Chapter 23G. A full “code” has not been assembled since the 1869 Penal Code. Given the missing early historical notes and missing case annotations in the current compilations, codification is needed to correct the numerous errors found in the statutes.
Landscape of Long Noncoding RNA Genes, Pseudogenes, and Protein Genes in Segmental Duplications in the Critical Human Chromosomal Region 22q11.2

Human chromosomal region 22q11.2 is prone to deletions that result in genetic disorders termed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Approximately 1 in 4000 infants are born with this deletion. The 22q11.2 region has a large number of DNA duplicated sequences termed segmental duplications or low-copy repeats (LCR22) that are known to take part in the deletion process. Here we analyze sequences that neighbor LCR22 segmental duplications to help determine their origins. Sequences immediately outside of and within the LCR22 boundaries are found highly conserved relative to analogous sequences in chimpanzee chr22. We propose that neighbor sequences form a framework for LCR22 sequence expansion, and that this framework originated in a common primate ancestor. The second part of this chapter deals with genes contained in LCR22 segmental duplications. Most LCR22 genes have not been analyzed, but they may have a bearing on the molecular basis for developmental abnormalities that result from a loss of 22q11.2. We find the largest LCR22s, LCR22A and LCR22D, primarily contain long noncoding RNA genes and pseudogenes. An analysis of linear and circular RNA transcript expression in developing fetal tissues from these LCR22 genes is also presented; this may be useful in future analyses of ncRNA gene functions in fetal development.
Abstract 292: Detection of Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity Using Trans-thoracic and Trans-abdominal Bioimpedance

Introduction: Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity (p-PEA) is a lifeless form of profound cardiac shock characterized by measurable cardiac mechanical activity without clinically detectable pulses....