cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verb acquisition and representation in Alzheimer's disease.

We examined the implicit acquisition and mental representation of a novel verb in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients were exposed to the new verb in a naturalistic manner as part of a simple picture story. We probed grammatical, semantic and thematic matrix knowledge of the verb soon after presentation and again one week later. We found partial verb acquisition that was retained over one week. AD patients did not differ from controls in their acquisition and retention of a new verb’s major grammatical subcategory, although they acquired little of its semantic properties and displayed minimal acquisition of the new word’s thematic matrix. Moreover, AD patients appeared to maintain their acquired grammatical knowledge over one week. We discuss the implications of these findings from several perspectives, including the modularity of the language processing system, the relationship between episodic memory and semantic memory, and the role of the preserved implicit memory system in AD patients’ partially successful lexical acquisition.
Hyperconcentrated Flows and Gastroliths: Sedimentology of Diamictites and Wackes of the Upper Cloverly Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Abstract Diamictites and matrix-supported wackes of the upper Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) represent rivers laden with volcaniclastic sediment (hyperconcentrated flows). The Cloverly Formation of central Wyoming is dominantly fluvial, lacustrine, and playa deposits. The sediments accumulated east of the Cordilleran foredeep during the early stages of the Sevier orogeny. The diamictites and wackes are decimeters thick and stacked vertically, forming rock bodies up to 11 m thick. Pebbles and cobbles within the diamictites and wackes occur as isolated clasts or in poorly defined layers. Many such clasts exhibit some degree of polish. Clast lithologies can be correlated to rocks that were exposed in the mountain belt to the west. Provenance data are consistent with Early Cretaceous movement on the Meade–Laketown–Paris–Willard thrust system. The clay fraction of the diamictites and wackes is dominantly illite–smectite and smectite characteristic of altered volcanic ash. Diamictites and matrix-supported wackes lack primary sedimentary structures (e.g., cross-stratification) but do exhibit soft-sediment deformation features indicative of dewatering. Erosional bases and bedding geometries are indicative of channelized flow. The diamictites and matrix-supported wackes resemble debris-flow deposits. However, maintaining debris flows that behave as Bingham plastics on low depositional slopes 200–400 km from the mountain front is improbable. Rather, the diamictites and wackes represent hyperconcentrated flows. Deposition, either en masse by a Newtonian (or nearly Newtonian) flow that was turbulent throughout, or by progressive sedimentation from a stratified flow with a basal, incipient, granular mass flow overlain by a turbulent suspension is more consistent with the field data. Paleohydraulic calculations indicate that grain sizes up to small pebbles could have been transported in suspension, with larger clasts transported as bedload, consistent with sedimentological evidence. Much of the finer-grained suspended sediment was remobilized volcanic ash likely derived from the Idaho batholith to the west-northwest. The polished extraformational pebbles and cobbles, long regarded as dinosaur gastroliths (or "stomach stones"), are simply clasts associated with the hyperconcentrated-flow deposits. The polish exhibited by many of the clasts is attributable to transport in ash-laden flows. The occurrence of polished, extraformational stones in Cloverly diamictites and wackes may have implications for presumed gastroliths in other fluvial rocks of the western interior (e.g., the Cedar Mountain and Morrison formations).
Picasso's prolonged adolescence, Blue Period, and blind figures.

This paper explores early issues of separation—individuation, unconscious conflict, and trauma, revived and reworked in Picasso's turbulent protracted adolescence. During this critical period Picasso traveled between Barcelona and Paris four times, from age 19 to 23. His melancholic mood, related both to separation conflict and the current realities of his uprooted life and emerging career, was expressed in his painting of emaciated, despondent figures, the predominance of monochromatic blue, and his choice of social outcasts as subjects. Of particular significance are his paintings of blind persons. Separation and loss, his depressive disposition, and his choice of blind subjects were psychologically interrelated. Picasso's developmental transformation from adolescence to adulthood, marked by his finally settling in Paris, encompassed change in his personal and artistic identity.
Readers, Texts, and Second Languages: The Interactive Processes.

amounts to an interdisciplinary revolution.I Viewed in the past as either a top-down or bottom-up process, we now think reading comprehension results from interactive variables that operate simultaneously rather than sequentially (Rumelhart 172; Schank). Research into one of these variables, schematizing (the reader's prior knowledge applied to text assertions), suggests that, in L2 as in L1, what is understood depends on the reader rather than on the text (Steffensen et al.; Bernhardt 26). In literary criticism, reader response theorists support this view with the claim that "meaning has no effective existence outside of its realization in the mind of the reader" (Tompkins: ix). Increasingly, many researchers in many fields find that the text cannot be described
Depolymerization of hyaluronic acid by the ORD reaction.

Hyaluronic acid is shown to be degraded irreversibly by oxygen in the presence of „reducing agents” such as ascorbic acid, thiols, or ferrous ions. The degradation could be inhibited by substances such as sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, penicillamine, and thiourea. The reaction is called the ORD reaction (oxidative-reductive depolymerization). It is suggested that the reaction may control tissue permeability, in vivo, and play a part in arthritic processes. Esseva monstrate que acido hyaluronic es degradate irreversibilemente per oxygeno in le presentia de agentes de reduction, como per exemplo acido ascorbic, thioles, o iones ferrose. Le degradation pote esser inhibite per substantias como per exemplo diethyldithiocarbamato de natrium, penicillamina, e thiourea. Le reaction es designate como reaction DOR (depolymerisation oxydativo-reductive). Es suggerite le possibilitate que le reaction es concernite in vivo con le regulation del permeabilitate de tissu e que illo ha un rolo in certe processos arthritic.
Customary marine tenure and mariculture management in outlying communities of Pohnpie State, Federated States of Micronesia

Abstract The Marine Resources Division of Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia is currently engaged in development activities that include the establishement of family scale mariculture projects for community members of several remote villages and outer islands. The goal of this undertaking is to supplement subsistence and income generation ventures for community members through wise use of the marine environment. These aims may be jeopardized unless a management plan is devised that incorporates the customary marine resource practices from each of these culturally diverse communities. The intent of this project is to devise a mariculture management plan that could help marine resource managers reduce or avoid marine resource user conflicts within each community that may result from the introduction of family mariculture projects. A ten week field investigation was conducted on three different study sites to obtain qualitative and quantitative data that would serve as a basis for the development of a mariculture management plan that integrates contemporary marine tenure practices with government management strategies. Research results disclose various user rights and practices that are consistent with implementation parameters for family mariculture projects and the reduction of user conflicts within each community.
Effect of dissociation pulse circuit inductance on the CuCl laser

The performance of the double-pulsed CuCI laser is improved by a decrease in the inductance of the dissociation pulse circuit. Higher efficiency is obtained due to a larger ground state copper atom population and lower optimum dissociation energy.
Hardware-software co-synthesis of fault-tolerant real-time distributed embedded systems

Distributed systems are becoming a popular way of implementing many embedded computing applications, automotive control being a common and important example. Such embedded systems typically have soft or hard performance constraints. The increasing complexity of these systems makes them vulnerable to failures and their use in many safety-critical applications makes fault tolerance an important requirement. This peeper is the first to address the problem of automatic hardware-software co-synthesis of fault-tolerant embedded distributed real-time systems in a generalized scenario. We present an algorithm which tales as input the specification of the data-flow information in the form of a task graph, the performance constraints, the fault tolerance requirements and the available hardware resources in the form of processor, ASIC and link libraries. Our algorithm then synthesizes the required hardware as a distributed system in terms of the component processors, ASICs and interconnection links. The tasks are mapped to this hardware such that the overall system cost is minimized while still meeting the performance constraints and the fault tolerance requirements. Our algorithm uses clustering techniques to perform the synthesis. Fault tolerance is added using CRAFT, a technique we recently proposed for CRiticAlity based Fault Tolerance in real-time distributed systems.
Invisible Value? Valuing Companies with Intangible Assets

As we move from manufacturing to service based economies, an increasing large proportion of the firms that we value derive their value from intangible assets ranging from technological patents to human capital. In this paper, we focus on a few variables that make valuing these service companies different from conventional manufacturing firms. The first is that accountants routinely miscategorize operating and capital expenses, when firms invest in intangible assets. Thus, R&D expenses, which are really capital expenses, are treated as operating expenses, thus skewing both reported profit and capital values. The second is that firms with intangible assets are more likely to use options and restricted stock to compensate employees and the accounting treatment of this compensation can also affect earnings and cash flows. In this paper, we look at how best to correct for the accounting errors and the consequences for valuation.
APC/C – the master controller of origin licensing?

DNA replication must be tightly controlled to prevent initiation of a second round of replication until mitosis is complete. So far, components of the pre-replicative complex (Cdt1, Cdc6 and geminin) were considered key players in this regulation. In a new study, Machida and Dutta have shown that depletion of Emi1 caused cells to replicate their DNA more than once per cell cycle [1]. This effect was dependent on the ability of Emi1 to inhibit the APC/C. In addition to its role in regulating entry into mitosis, oscillation of APC/C activity regulates pre-RC formation: high APC/C activity in late M/G1 allows pre-RC formation and low APC/C activity in S/G2 prevents pre-RC formation for a second time thereby preventing rereplication. Each redundant pathway to prevent rereplication is dependent on regulating one of the pre-RC components, and all of the pathways are co-regulated by Emi1 through the APC/C. In this commentary we discuss how this new role of Emi1 adds to our understanding of the regulation of replication initiation. We also review the literature to analyze whether APC/C has a role in regulating endoreduplication (a normal state of polyploidy in some differentiated cells). Similarly a role of premature APC/C activation in genomic instability of tumors is discussed.
Probabilistic reasoning models for face recognition

We introduce in this paper two probabilistic reasoning models (PPM-1 and PRM-2) which combine the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique and the Bayes classifier and show their feasibility on the face recognition problem. The conditional probability density function for each class is modeled using the within class scatter and the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) classification rule is implemented in the reduced PCA subspace. Experiments carried out using 1107 facial images corresponding to 369 subjects (with 169 subjects having duplicate images) from the FERET database show that the PRM approach compares favorably against the two well-known methods for face recognition-the Eigenfaces and Fisherfaces.
EFFECTS OF GRAZERS AND ALGAL COMPETITORS ON FUCOID COLONIZATION IN TIDE POOLS1

In New England, fucoids are conspicuously absent from midlittoral sheltered tide pools, though abundant on adjacent emergent rocks. Experimental removal of either herbivores or potential algal competitors from mid littoral tide pools failed to result in the establishment of fucoids. However, removal of both groups together resulted in the establishment of Fucus vesiculosus L. Once established, some individuals persisted for up to three years. These grew well, were of normal, healthy appearance and reproduced. The herbivores removed were Littorina littorea, L. obtusata and Acmaea testudinalis. Algae removed were Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, Ulva lactuca L., Rhizoclonium tortuosum Kutzing, Spongomorpha spinescens Kutzing, Polysiphonia sp., Dumontia incrassata (O.F. Muller) O. Kuntze and Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link. It is concluded that absence of fucoids from mid littoral, protected pools is due to the joint action of herbivores and algal competitors and not to possible deleterious factors associated with constant submersion.
Information control I: Technology transfer at issue: The academic viewpoint: Educators believe efforts to limit transfer of knowledge at the university level are likely to weaken the U.S. lead in innovation

Confronted by increasing commercial competition from Western Europe and Japan in high-technology markets, as well as by heightened tensions in relations with the Soviet Union, the United States has taken a new and vigorous interest in controlling the flow of technology outside its borders. There is growing concern in the Federal government that the ?leaking? of technical material and ideas to other nations impairs national security both by diminishing the ability of the U.S. to compete commercially and by reducing the country's edge in armaments. Yet specific efforts that have been initiated to control technology transfer in the university setting are themselves likely to weaken the U.S. position and thus do not serve national interest.
Glycosylinositolphosphate Soluble Variant Surface Glycoprotein Inhibits IFN-γ-Induced Nitric Oxide Production Via Reduction in STAT1 Phosphorylation in African Trypanosomiasis

Macrophages are centrally involved in the host immune response to infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a protozoan parasite responsible for human sleeping sickness in Africa. During trypanosome infections, the host is exposed to parasite-derived molecules that mediate macrophage activation, specifically GPI anchor substituents associated with the shed variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), plus the host-activating agent IFN-γ, which is derived from activated T cells and is essential for resistance to trypanosomes. In this study, we demonstrate that the level and timing of exposure of macrophages to IFN-γ vs GPI ultimately determine the macrophage response at the level of induced gene expression. Treatment of macrophages with IFN-γ followed by GIP-sVSG (the soluble form of VSG containing the glycosylinositolphosphate substituent that is released by parasites) stimulated the induction of gene expression, including transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IL-12p40. In contrast, treatment of macrophages with GIP-sVSG before IFN-γ stimulation resulted in a marked reduction of IFN-γ-induced responses, including transcription of inducible NO synthase and secretion of NO. Additional experiments revealed that the inhibitory activity of GIP-sVSG was associated with reduction in the level of STAT1 phosphorylation, an event required for IFN-γ-induced macrophage activation. These results suggest that modulation of specific aspects of the IFN-γ response may be one mechanism by which trypanosomes overcome host resistance during African trypanosomiasis.
P-wave fault-plane solutions and the generation of surface waves by earthquakes in the western United States

Surface waves recorded at regional distances are used to study the source mechanisms of seven earthquakes in the western United States with magnitudes between 4.3 and 5.5. The source mechanisms of events in or on the margins of the Basin and Range show T-axis with an azimuth of N85°W +/− 16° and a plunge of 12° +/− 16°. Of the seven events, four have P-wave solutions that are inconsistent with surface-wave observations. Azimuths of the T-axis obtained from the surface-wave mechanisms and from the P-wave solutions differ by up to 45°. These events have dip-slip or oblique-slip mechanisms, and the source depths for three of the events are 5 km or less. Their source mechanisms and small magnitudes make identification of the P-wave first motion difficult due to poor signal-to-noise ratio of the initial P-wave and close arrivals of pP or sP with significant amplitude. We suggest that mis-identification of the P-wave first motion and distortion of the body-wave ray paths due to non-planar structure were sources of error in determining the nodal planes for these events.
A data-driven method for identifying rare variants with heterogeneous trait effects

Collapsing multiple variants into one variable and testing their collective effect is a useful strategy for rare variant association analysis. Direct collapsing, however, is not valid or may significantly lose power when a group of variants to be collapsed have heterogeneous effects on target traits (i.e. some positive and some negative). This could be especially true for quantitative traits (such as blood pressure and body mass index), regardless of whether subjects are sampled randomly from a population or selectively from two extreme tails of the trait distribution. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel, data-driven method, the P-value Weighted Sum Test (PWST), which allows each variant to be individually weighted according to the evidence of association from the data itself. Specifically, both significance and direction of individual variant effects are used to calculate a single weighted sum score based on rescaled left-tail P-values from single-variant analysis, after which a permutation test of association is performed between the score and the trait. Our simulation under different sampling strategies shows that PWST significantly increases statistical power when there are heterogeneous variant effects. The appeal of the PWST approach is illustrated in an application to sequence data by detecting the collective effect of variants in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gene on triglycerides (TG) response to fenofibrate treatment from 300 subjects in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering and Diet Network study.
Reconstructed Lives: Women and Iran's Islamic Revolution

Reconstructed Lives: Women and Iran's Islamic Revolution. Haleh Esfandiari. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.234pp.
CT and MRI assessment of symptomatic organized pancreatic fluid collections and pancreatic duct disruption: an interreader variability study using the revised Atlanta classification 2012

Purpose: Compare CT and MRI for fluid/debris component estimate and pancreatic duct (PD) communication with organized pancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis. Evaluate fat density globules on CT as marker for debris. Methods: 29 Patients with 46 collections with CECT and MRI performed ≥4 weeks of symptom onset assessed for necrotizing pancreatitis, estimated percentage of fluid volume and PD involvement by two radiologists on separate occasions. T2WI used as standard for estimated percentage of fluid volume. Presence of fat globules and fluid attenuation on CT was recorded. Spearman rank correlation and kappa statistics were used to assess the correlation between imaging techniques and interreader agreement, respectively. Results: Necrotizing pancreatitis seen on CT in 27 (93%, κ 0.119) vs. 20 (69%, κ 0.748) patients on MRI. CT identified 42 WON and 4 pseudocysts vs. 34 WON, and 12 pseudocysts on MRI. Higher interreader agreement for percentage fluid volume on MRI (κ = 0.55) vs. CT (κ = 0.196). Accuracy of CT in evaluation of percentage fluid volume was 65% using T2WI MRI used as standard. Fat globules identified on CT in 13(65%) out of 20 collections containing 75% fluid (p = 0.0001). PD involvement confidently excluded on CT in 68% collections vs. 93% on MRI. Conclusion: MRI demonstrates higher reproducibility for fluid to debris component estimation. Fat globules on CT were frequently seen in organized pancreatic fluid collections with large amount of debris. PD disruption more confidently excluded on MRI. This information may be helpful for pre-procedure planning.
Dynamic Networked Coverage of Time-Varying Environments in the Presence of Fading Communication Channels

In this article, we study the problem of dynamic coverage of a set of points of interest (POIs) in a time-varying environment. We consider the scenario where a physical quantity is constantly growing at certain rates at the POIs. A number of mobile agents are then deployed to periodically cover (sense or service) the POIs and keep the physical quantity under control bounded at all the POIs. We assume a communication-constrained operation, where the mobile agents need to communicate to a fixed remote station over realistic wireless links to complete their coverage task. We then propose novel mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) to design periodic trajectories and TX power policies for the mobile agents that minimize the total energy (the summation of motion and communication energy) consumption of the mobile agents in each period, while (1) guaranteeing the boundedness of the quantity of interest at all the POIs, and (2) meeting the constraints on the connectivity of the mobile agents, the frequency of covering the POIs, and the total energy budget of the mobile agents. We furthermore provide a probabilistic analysis of the problem. Our results show the superior performance of the proposed framework for dynamic coverage in realistic fading environments.
SIPP: Safe interval path planning for dynamic environments

Robotic path planning in static environments is a thoroughly studied problem that can typically be solved very efficiently. However, planning in the presence of dynamic obstacles is still computationally challenging because it requires adding time as an additional dimension to the search-space explored by the planner. In order to avoid the increase in the dimensionality of the planning problem, most real-time approaches to path planning treat dynamic obstacles as static and constantly re-plan as dynamic obstacles move. Although gaining efficiency, these approaches sacrifice optimality and even completeness. In this paper, we develop a planner that builds on the observation that while the number of safe timesteps in any configuration may be unbounded, the number of safe time intervals in a configuration is finite and generally very small. A safe interval is a time period for a configuration with no collisions and if it were extended one timestep in either direction, it would then be in collision. The planner exploits this observation and constructs a search-space with states defined by their configuration and safe interval, resulting in a graph that generally only has a few states per configuration. On the theoretical side, we show that our planner can provide the same optimality and completeness guarantees as planning with time as an additional dimension. On the experimental side, in simulation tests with up to 200 dynamic obstacles, we show that our planner is significantly faster, making it feasible to use in real-time on robots operating in large dynamic environments. We also ran several real robot trials on the PR2, a mobile manipulation platform.
Abstraction of Odor Source Declaration Algorithm from Moth-Inspired Plume Tracing Strategies

A moth behavior-inspired strategy, including tracing a chemical plume to its source and declaring the source location, was tested in near shore ocean conditions via a REMUS underwater vehicle. The field experiments demonstrated the plume tracing distances over 100 m and the source declaration accuracy relative to the nominal source location on the order of tens of meters. However, the source declaration still leaves significant room for improvement. This paper presents two approaches to declaring the odor source location in turbulent fluid environments via an underwater vehicle. The main idea is to use last chemical detection points (LCDPs) to construct a source identification zone (SIZ) in the order of time series or of the most recent up-flow direction. The performance of the proposed approaches is evaluated using a simulated turbulent fluid environment. The simulation studies show that a success rate in declaring the odor source reaches over 98% and the average error of the declared source locations is less than 1 meter for 1000 CPT test runs in an operation area with length scales of 100 meters.
Discrete coefficient FIR digital filter design based upon an LMS criteria

An efficient method optimizing (in the least square response error sense) the remaining unquantized coefficients of a FIR linear phase digital filter when one or more of the filter coefficients takes on discrete values is introduced. By incorporating this optimization method into a tree search algorithm and employing a suitable branching policy, an efficient algorithm for the design of high-order discrete coefficient FIR filters is produced. This approach can also be used to design FIR filters on a minimax basis. The minimax criterion is approximated by adjusting the least squares weighting. Results show that the least square criteria is capable of designing filters of order well beyond other approaches by a factor of three for the same computer time. The discrete coefficient spaces discussed include the evenly distributed finite wordlength space as well as the nonuniformly distributed powers-of-two space.
Using a Reservoir Nasal Cannula in Acute Care

and Oxym i z e r P e n d a n t ( C H A D Therapeutics Inc, C h a t s worth, Calif) brand reservoir cannulas store oxygen in a reservoir during exhalation and deliver a bolus of 100% oxygen upon the next inhalation. These devices were originally designed for portable home oxygen therapy. However, they are finding increasing use in acute care settings for patients who are difficult to supply oxygen via standard nasal cannulas and as high-delivery alternatives to oxygen delivery via a face mask.
Further Documentation on De-Stalinization in Soviet Physiology and Related Disciplines

The rehabilitation of L. A. Orbeli, to whom was entrusted the "exploitation of the [scientific] heritage, bequeathed by I. P. Pavlov" at the latter's death in 1936, provides an example of the historical unwriting that is taking place in Soviet physiology and psychology as a consequence of de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union. Orbeli originally came under fire in 1948 for his supposed pro-Morganism in genetics, to which Lysenko was in violent opposition, and in 1950 at the historic joint session of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was made a major scapegoat by a rival physiologist, K. M. Bykov, for reputedly obstructing the Pavlovian direction in physiology and related disciplines over the years. Orbeli suffered great personal humiliation and was tolerated on the subsequent scientific scene only as a much hectored figure of inferior status. However, by 1955-56 the de-Stalinist rehabilitation of Orbeli was begun and it has been continued into the present. Post1956 accounts of his doings bypass the story of his degradation, and the posthumous reissues of his writings have edited out the marks of the Stalinist era in which he lived and moved. Details on the rehabilitation process are given by the writer in a recently published article (London, 1962). The evidence of Orbeli's ordeal and downgrading is struck from the historical record not only in the direct accounts of his life and work, but also in the related accounts of the life and work of Orbeli's foe, Bykov, who in his elevation to chief monitorship of the Pavlovian direction in Soviet science reached the apex of his career through his toppling of Orbeli. Yet, as detailed in the aforementioned article, nothing of this appears in the later documents. The writer has recently happened upon two official documents which bear importantly on the matter (Solov'ev, 1957). Both are extended congratulatory citations on the occasion of Bykov's 70th birthday, one from the USSR Academy of Sciences and the other from the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In them there appears not a word of what was in fact the crowning achievement of Bykov's life, the Pavlovianization of Soviet physiology and related disciplines which he in large measure masterminded and spearheaded. These documents reinforce further the view that deliberate historical unwriting has been undertaken at all levels to soften or wipe out recollection of a violent episode in Soviet science, an episode in which Orbeli was victimized in the Draconian drive to
Three-Step Deposition Method for Improvement of the Dielectric Properties of BST Thin Films

Epitaixal Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (STO) and DyScO3 substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system using three-step method which involves a relatively low-temperature (573-773 K) growth of a BST interlayer sandwiched between two BST layers deposited at a high substrate temperature of 1068 K. X-ray diffraction measurement showed different strains on the films with interlayers grown at different temperatures. Post-growth thermal treatment reduced film strain to a great extent (the film strain of a tri-layer film with a 773 K grown interlayer is only -0.001). Comparing with the control films grown at high temperature, three-step technique improved the dielectric properties, especially increased dielectric constant by 60% for BST/STO and 31% for BST/DyScO3, respectively. High dielectric constant of 1631.4 and its tuning of 36.7% were achieved on the BST/STO with an interlayer grown on 773 K.
Detrital zircons indicate no drainage link between southern California rivers and the Colorado Plateau from mid-Cretaceous through Pliocene

Central to debate about the age, origin, and evolution of Grand Canyon (southwestern United States) is the history of the Colorado River and its precursors. Reversal of dextral slip along the San Andreas fault system since the early Pliocene restores southern California to the downstream end of the Colorado River. If the Colorado River flowed to the Pacific Ocean prior to 6 Ma, then its sand would have the distinctive detrital-zircon age distributions of upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata of the Colorado Plateau, which contain 30%–46% 300–1100 Ma zircon originally transported from orogenic belts of southeastern Laurentia. In contrast, age distributions of 6662 detrital zircons from 167 Upper Cretaceous–Pliocene sandstone samples from southern California average 44%–88% Cretaceous, with only 0.4%–1.3% 300–1100 Ma grains, most of which can be attributed to local recycling from older deposits. No individual Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene sandstone sample from southern California contains >3% 300–1100 Ma zircon. Although Paleogene headwaters of southern California rivers extended into the eastern Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, and Mogollon Highlands, our results indicate that these headwaters did not extend as far as the Colorado Plateau. This conclusion conflicts with the hypothesis of a Paleogene southwest-flowing Arizona River, but supports late Miocene–Pliocene drainage reorganization and integration of the Colorado River coincident with development of the Salton Trough and Gulf of California.
THE POLLUTION DISCHARGE RIGHT EXCHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RULE BY LAWS IN CHINA

Through comparison of three kinds of pollution treatment means,such as pollution discharge permission license system,pollution discharge fee-levying system and pollution discharge right exchange,it aims to expose the effects of two different treatment systems of government administration and marketing adjustment on environmental rule processes in China.The way of environmental rule of China is discussed preliminarily.
Die transduodenale Papillensondierung Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Die transduodenale Papillensondierung stellt einen endoskopischen Eingriff dar, dessen diagnostische Ziele einstweilen uberwiegen. Es handelt sich um 1. die Inspektion der Papille sowie der Nachbarorgane, gegebenenfalls erganzt durch die Gewebsentnahme; 2. die retrograde Cholangio-Pankreaticographie nach Instillation von Kontrastmitteln; 3. die Gewinnung von reinen Sekreten und/oder Zellverbanden aus den in der Papille mundenden Gangsystemen.
Weight lifting. Risks and injuries to the shoulder

The weight lifter's desire to achieve higher limits of performance coupled with the rotator cuff's unfavorable position during lifting often leads to shoulder injury. Proper lifting techniques and training habits could reduce the risk of injury. When chronic symptoms occur, however, arthroscopy can help diagnose the injury, and arthroscopic procedures for injuries such as rotator cuff chronic tendinitis and incomplete tears, and biceps tenosynovitis can be performed.
Can Cephalometrics Discriminate Between the Sexes in a Diverse Juvenile Sample

A critical component of the biological profile is sex estimation. Methods commonly used for sex estimation in adults do not work well for juveniles. Population-specific studies have used cephalometrics to estimate juvenile sex with 80-90% accuracy. Our study attempts to estimate sex in individuals less than 18 years of age using a sample of 1618 lateral cephalograms incorporating all three Angle Class occlusions as well as population diversity. For the sample as a whole, 10 skeletal cephalometrics were found to have significant differences between the sexes. Males and females classify correctly about 50% of the time. Dividing the sample by age groups and race/ethnicity improves results for older age groups and Native Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans. Our results indicate that cephalometrics are not useful in determining sex of unidentified juveniles when age and race are not known.
Joint inference over a lightly supervised information extraction pipeline: towards event coreference resolution for resource-scarce languages

We address two key challenges in end-to-end event coreference resolution research: (1) the error propagation problem, where an event coreference resolver has to assume as input the noisy outputs produced by its upstream components in the standard information extraction (IE) pipeline; and (2) the data annotation bottleneck, where manually annotating data for all the components in the IE pipeline is prohibitively expensive. This is the case in the vast majority of the world's natural languages, where such annotated resources are not readily available. To address these problems, we propose to perform joint inference over a lightly supervised IE pipeline, where all the models are trained using either active learning or unsupervised learning. Using our approach, only 25% of the training sentences in the Chinese portion of the ACE 2005 corpus need to be annotated with entity and event mentions in order for our event coreference resolver to surpass its fully supervised counterpart in performance.
With a little help for our thoughts: Making it easier to think for pleasure

Can people enjoy thinking if they set their mind to it? Previous work suggests that many people do not enjoy the deliberate attempt to have pleasurable thoughts. We suggest that deliberately thinking for pleasure requires mental resources that people are either unwilling or unable to devote to the task. If so, then people should enjoy pleasant thoughts that occur unintentionally more than pleasant thoughts that occur intentionally. This hypothesis was confirmed in an experience sampling study (Study 1) in which participants were contacted 4 times a day for 7 days and asked to rate what they had been thinking about. In Studies 2-5 we experimentally manipulated how easy it was for people to engage in pleasurable thought when given the goal of doing so. All participants listed topics they would enjoy thinking about; then some were given a simple "thinking aid" that was designed to make this experience easier. Participants who received the aid found the experience easier and enjoyed it more. The findings suggest that thinking for pleasure is cognitively demanding, but that a simple thinking aid makes it easier and more enjoyable. (PsycINFO Database Record
Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

Since Emil Kraepelin’s conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case–control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naive first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.
Numerical Investigation of Effect of Rotor Phase Angle in Partially-Filled Rubber Mixing

Abstract Among several operational parameters such as rotor speed, fill factor and ram pressure, the orientation of the mixing rotors with respect to each other plays a significant role in the mixing performance. An understanding of the flow field and mixing characteristics associated with the orientations of the rotors will help in obtaining a final product with a better quality. For that purpose three phase angle orientations: 45°, 90° and 180° are investigated here in a 75% filled chamber with two rotors counter-rotating at an even speed of 20 min–1. Two dimensional, transient, isothermal, incompressible simulations are carried out using a CFD code. While an Eulerian multiphase method was used to solve for the transport variables in the two phases: rubber and air, the volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to solve for the interface between the two phases. A non-Newtonian Carreau-Yasuda model was used to characterize rubber. Massless particles were injected in the domain to calculate statistical quantit...
The Effectiveness of Two Strategies for Teaching Students with Blindness and Mental Retardation.

To investigate the crossmodal transfer effects of verbal information to the performance of manual tasks, this study compared the effectiveness of two strategies—manual guidance only and manual guid...
Energy-efficient terahertz electronics using multi-functional electromagnetism and high-parallelism architecture

This paper describes two approaches to increase the energy efficiency of on-chip terahertz (THz) integrated circuits and systems. First, we present designs of multi-functional electromagnetic structures that utilize mode orthogonality and near-field interference to achieve simultaneous oscillation, harmonic generation, signal filtering and radiation. This leads to ultracompact THz circuits with low passive loss. Our radiator arrays using such approach achieve 0.1 mW and 3.3 mW of total radiated power at 1.01 THz and 0.32 THz, respectively, representing the highest radiated power in silicon in their frequency ranges. Next, we also present a highly-parallel architecture for broadband spectral scanning, which breaks the long-standing efficiency-bandwidth tradeoff. Our CMOS spectrometer and its associated dual-frequency-comb gas sensing scheme achieve rapid and seamless coverage of 220 to 320-GHz band with 5.2-mW total radiated power (TX) and a minimum of 14.6-dB noise figure (RX). These approaches, leveraging the high integration capability of silicon circuits, are proved to be highly effective towards energy-efficient THz microsystems for new paradigms of sensing and communications.
C-Morse: Cross-technology communication with transparent Morse coding

Recent research on CTC (cross-technology communication) demonstrates the viability of direct coordination among heterogeneous devices (e.g., WiFi and ZigBee) with incompatible physical layers. Although encouraging, current solutions suffer from either severe inefficiency in channel utilization or low throughput using limited beacons. To address these limitations, this paper presents C-Morse, which leverages all traffic (such as through data packets, beacons and other control frames) to achieve a high cross-technology communication throughput. The key idea of C-Morse is to slightly perturb the transmission timing of existing WiFi packets to construct recognizable radio energy patterns without introducing noticeable delays to upper layers. At the receiver side, ZigBee captures such patterns by sensing the RSSI value, and then decodes the transmitted symbols. C-Morse also introduces a novel timing-based multiplexing technique to allow the coexistence of multiple C-Morse access points and reject other interference, showing a reliable symbol delivery ratio. As a result, C-Morse achieves a free side-channel, whose CTC throughput is as much as 9 χ of the present state of the art, while maintaining the through traffic within a negligible delay that goes unnoticed by applications and end-users.
A participatory approach to evaluating a national training and institutional change initiative: the BUILD longitudinal evaluation.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds training programs to increase the numbers and skills of scientists who obtain NIH research grants, but few programs have been rigorously evaluated. The sizeable recent NIH investment in developing programs to increase the diversity of the NIH-funded workforce, implemented through the Diversity Program Consortium (DPC), is unusual in that it also funds a Consortium-wide evaluation plan, which spans the activities of the 10 BUilding Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) awardees and the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN). The purpose of this article is to describe the evaluation design and innovations of the BUILD Program on students, faculty, and institutions of the 10 primarily undergraduate BUILD sites. Our approach to this multi-methods quasi-experimental longitudinal evaluation emphasizes stakeholder participation and collaboration. The evaluation plan specifies the major evaluation questions and key short- to long-term outcome measures (or Hallmarks of Success). The Coordination and Evaluation Center (CEC) embarked on a comprehensive evaluation strategy by developing a set of logic models that incorporate the Hallmarks of Success and other outcomes that were collaboratively identified by the DPC. Data were collected from each BUILD site through national surveys from the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA (HERI), annual followup surveys that align with the HERI instruments, site visits and case studies, program encounter data (“tracker” data), and institutional data. The analytic approach involves comparing changes in Hallmarks (key outcomes) within institutions for biomedical students who participated versus those who did not participate in the BUILD program at each institution, as well as between institution patterns of biomedical students at the BUILD sites, and matched institutions that were not BUILD grantees. Case studies provide insights into the institutionalization of these new programs and help to explain the processes that lead to the observed outcomes. Ultimately, the results of the consortium-wide evaluation will be used to inform national policy in higher education and will provide relevant examples of institutional and educational programmatic changes required to diversify the biomedical workforce in the USA.
Morphogenetic factors in wood formation and differentiation

The cambium is discussed and analysed in relation to hypotheses that consider the cambium to be a morphogenetic organiser and those that consider the cambium to be merely a cell maker that is entirely controlled by external influences. The question of whether the cambium is a single tier of initials or a multiseriate meristem is investigated in regard to its physiological and morphogenetic basis. The cambium undergoes three different types of cell divisions, viz. multiplicative, additive, and transformative. Multiplicative divisions result in new initials that enable the cambium to keep pace with the increase in girth of the stem while additive divisions are tangential-longitudinal divisions that give rise to xylem and phloem derivatives. Transformative divisions are those whereby the fusiform initial divides up to become a ray cell initial (or initials). These different types of division arise from altered planes of the mitotic spindle. The factors controlling these divisions are reviewed in relation to their space-time elements and their correlation of the overall growth pattern of the tree. The cambial stimulus and resulting morphogenetic domains are examined along with biophysical factors in relation to their effect on cambial activity, orientation and qualities of the cambial derivatives.
Prime Ideals and Decompositions of Modules

During thirty years of fascination with prime ideals and decompositions of finitely generated modules over commutative rings, the authors have observed an intriguing interplay between the two topics: these connections are apparent in a wide range of results for both Noetherian and non-Noetherian rings. The Noetherian property itself exemplifies a connection: module decompositions generally work better for Noetherian rings than for non-Noetherian ones, and the prime ideal behavior also seems better (somewhat— see section 2!). Similarly, certain other properties of rings (such as being a valuation ring or being Henselian) simultaneously affect how the modules decompose and how the prime ideals fit together.
Parametric Fit of the Neutron Cross Section of Holmium

Resonance parameters for 74 resonances of 165Ho below 500 eV, selected from the literature and from values compiled and recommended in BNL-325, are used as the starting point in fitting the total n...