cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acid-catalyzed and almond β-d-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of purin-6-yl 2-deoxy-1-thio-β-d-arabino-hexopyranoside

Abstract Hydrolysis of purin-6-yl 2-deoxy-1-thio-β- d - arabino -hexopyranoside ( 2 ) to 6-mercaptopurine and 2-deoxy- d -glucose is catalyzed by hydronium ion and almond β- d -glucosidase. The dependence of rate on acidity in water and deuterium oxide indicates that 2 and its conjugate acid undergo hydrolysis via a mechanism that involves a partially rate-limiting proton transfer. Although 2 is ≈103 more reactive than 6-purinyl β- d -glucothiopyranoside ( 1 ) in dilute aqueous acid, 1 is a better substrate for almond β- d -glucosidase.
Vertical cell assembly of colloidal crystal films with controllable thickness

Abstract Formation of colloidal crystal films (CCFs) is the first step in the fabrication of inverse colloidal crystals, a class of three-dimensionally ordered, macroporous materials. A new vertical cell assembly method is described that yields CCFs with thicknesses up to 100 µm. The cell consists of two microscope cover glasses separated by a thin polymeric spacer. The lower edge of the cell is placed in a colloidal dispersion. Particles are transported to the top of the cell by capillary force and self-assemble into a CCF as the solvent evaporates. This novel vertical cell assembly method is well suited for fabrication of large area CCFs with controllable thickness that could be further processed into ICC filters for size-based separations of molecules and particles.
Amplification of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Introduced into an In Vitro Embryo Production System Via Oocytes from Persistently Infected Cattle

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not embryos derived from in vitro fertilization of oocytes from persistently infected (PI) cattle would contain infectious virus.Three in vitro embryo production treatment groups were assessed: 1) oocytes and uterine tubal cells (UTC) free of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) (negative control), 2)oocytes free of BVDV fertilized and cultured in media containing UTC obtained from PI heifers, and 3) oocytes from PI heifers fertilized and cultured in media containing UTC free of BVDV. The developmental media, UTC and embryos (individual or groups of five) were assayed for virus.Virus was not isolated from any samples in treatment group 1.As shown in previous studies, a proportion of embryo samples were positive for BVDV in treatment group 2. In treatment group 3, the virus associated with the oocytes contaminated the developmental media and infected susceptible co-culture cells used during fertilization and culture. In addition, 65% (11/17) of the degenerated ova from treatment group 3 had infectious virus associated with them. While none of the ova developed into transferable embryos, the study did confirm that use of oocytes from PI cows could lead to amplification of BVDV and cross contamination during in vitro embryo production.
Carotid exploration for acute postoperative thrombosis

To determine the incidence of carotid reoperation and to document operative findings and clinical results, the records of patients requiring early reoperation (after less than 24 hours) during a 10-year period were analyzed with respect to operative findings, clinical outcome, and arterial patency. Endarterectomy was performed in 920 patients, with 27 strokes (3%) and 10 deaths (1%). Early re-exploration was required for 27 patients (3%) for either expanding hematoma (6 patients) or suspected thrombosis associated with a new neurologic deficit (21 patients). Two patients bled from the arteriotomy and 4 bled from surrounding tissues. Exploration for new postoperative neurologic events confirmed thrombosis in 19 cases (91%). Two patients with patent arteries and normal operative arteriograms were felt to have distal embolization, and the arteriotomy was not opened. Causes of thrombosis were intimal flap in 6 patients and closure stenosis in 11; the cause was unknown in 2 cases. All arteries were repaired over a shunt with a patch. Follow-up studies were available for 16 arteries, all of which remained patent. Of patients explored for hemorrhage, there was one death (from myocardial infarction), no neurologic events, and no late infections. Of 21 patients who underwent a second operation for neurologic deficits, 2 died, 8 were unchanged, 2 had minor residual deficit, and 9 had completely resolved deficits. Severe contralateral disease was more common among patients with residual deficits (10 of 12) compared with patients without residual deficits (0 of 9; chi-square = 8.23, P Carotid re-exploration is most commonly undertaken for a new neurologic deficit, usually associated with thrombosis at the operative site. Thrombosis is more often due to arterial narrowing than to an intimal defect. Prompt repair will restore patency and result in improvement in 50% of cases. Neurologic recovery is related to the status of the contralateral artery.
Activation and intermuscular coherence of distal arm muscles during proximal muscle contraction

In the human upper extremity (UE), unintended effects of proximal muscle activation on muscles controlling the hand could be an important aspect of motor control due to the necessary coordination of distal and proximal segments during functional activities. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of concurrent activation of elbow muscles on the coordination between hand muscles performing a grip task. Eleven healthy subjects performed precision grip tasks while a constant extension or flexion moment was applied to their elbow joints, inducing a sustained submaximal contraction of elbow muscles to counter the applied torque. Activation of four hand muscles was measured during each task condition using surface electromyography (EMG). When concurrent activation of elbow muscles was induced, significant changes in the activation levels of the hand muscles were observed, with greater effects on the extrinsic finger extensor (23.2 % increase under 30 % elbow extensor activation; p = 0.003) than extrinsic finger flexor (14.2 % increase under 30 % elbow flexor activation; p = 0.130). Elbow muscle activation also induced involuntary changes in the intrinsic thumb flexor activation (44.6 % increase under 30 % elbow extensor activation; p = 0.005). EMG–EMG coherence analyses revealed that elbow muscle activation significantly reduced intermuscular coherence between distal muscle pairs, with its greatest effects on coherence in the β-band (13–25 Hz) (average of 17 % decrease under 30 % elbow flexor activation). The results of this study provide evidence for involuntary, muscle-specific interactions between distal and proximal UE muscles, which may contribute to UE motor performance in health and disease.
PARP inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, a novel class of drugs that target tumors with DNA repair defects, have received tremendous enthusiasm. Early preclinical studies identified BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumors to be highly sensitive to PARP inhibitors as a result of homologous recombination defect. Based on this premise, PARP inhibitors have been tested in early phase clinical trials as a single agent in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers and in combination with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients. For high-risk populations, use of PARP inhibition as a prevention agent has been postulated, but no robust preclinical or clinical studies exist yet. We review the preclinical and clinical studies in treatment of breast cancer and rationale for use of PARP inhibitors as a prevention agent for high-risk populations. Of significance, PARP inhibitors vary significantly in mechanism of action, dosing intervals, and toxicities, which are highlighted in this review.
Physically Active Leisure and Tourism Connection: Leisure Involvement and Choice of Tourism Activities Among Paddlers

Leisure and tourism activities may be integrally related for some. This study examined the relationship between the preferred leisure and tourism activities and psychological involvement in paddling of a group of paddlers. Participants were surveyed at the completion of a paddle tour. Data were analyzed using frequencies, confirmatory factor analysis, cross-tabulations, and ANOVA. Four types of leisure-tourism connection (LTC) were identified. People more highly involved with paddling tended to paddle while on vacation compared with other LTC types. The findings provide empirical evidence for previous assertions proposing a connection between involvement in leisure activities and subsequent tourism behaviors.
Ancient and Modern Earthquake Lights in Northwestern Turkey

Before dawn on 17 August 1999 one of the greatest earthquakes in modern Turkish history occurred on the historically active North Anatolian Fault (Ambraseys, 2002). The epicenter lay near the town of Izmit in Kocaeli province, not far east of Istanbul (ancient Constantinople). At Golcuk on the eastern shore of the Sea of Marmara, an eyewitness reported that “the earth came alive with shaking, the sky turned red, a sword of light flew out of the sea” (Gore, 2000). Rothaus et al. (2003) interviewed many other Golcuk eyewitnesses, who independently confirmed that “the sky glowed red” and “the sea glowed red” during the shaking. Since the night was overcast, the investigators could not determine whether the sky glow was atmospheric in origin or was merely cloud-reflected light emitted by a glowing sea. In addition, circular and irregularly shaped lights of white, yellow, red, and blue were videotaped for several minutes near the earthquake epicenter on 25 July, as well as farther to the west, near where the fault line ends, on 16 August (Erkmen, 2001). Barka's (1999) report of “a ball of flame and the sound of an explosion” at the time of the earthquake was later explained as being due to sea mine explosions and to oil refinery fires, although the peculiar “balloons of strong light coming out of the sea” for several days afterward are still under investigation (E. Erkmen, personal communication, 2003). The various lights were widely reported throughout the Turkish media. The sky coloration and the anomalous lights recall a long attested, but poorly understood, epiphenomenon of large earthquakes called “earthquake lights” (Derr, 1973, 1986). Although there are many suggested causes of earthquake lights, the phenomenon in the Izmit instance might conceivably be attributed to an explosion of ground-sequestered methane (marsh gas) (Barka, 1999) or …
Establishing reactor operations from uranium targets used for the production of plutonium

This paper presents results from the examination of a number of archived neutron-irradiated uranium targets used for past plutonium production testing. Three of these targets were destructively characterized using Los Alamos National Laboratory actinide analytical chemistry capabilities. A validated conduct-of-operations protocol was followed for this characterization effort. Chemical analyses included measurements for radionuclides, uranium assay, uranium isotopic abundances, trace actinides, trace metals, and non-metals. Material scientists also examined materials for morphological and microstructural properties and individual particles were examined for trace impurities. After characterization of the targets was completed, a reactor modeling effort was undertaken to corroborate target details in historical records. Time since irradiation calculations utilized both activation and fission products. The described examination of uranium targets has a tremendous impact from a safeguards verification and nuclear forensics perspective.
Outer Membrane-Associated Serine Protease Involved in Adhesion of Shewanella oneidensis to Fe(III) Oxides

The facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 respires a variety of anaerobic electron acceptors, including insoluble Fe(III) oxides. S. oneidensis employs a number of novel strategies for respiration of insoluble Fe(III) oxides, including localization of respiratory proteins to the cell outer membrane (OM). The molecular mechanism by which S. oneidensis adheres to and respires Fe(III) oxides, however, remains poorly understood. In the present study, whole cell fractionation and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS techniques were combined to identify a serine protease (SO3800) associated with the S. oneidensis OM. SO3800 contained predicted structural motifs similar to cell surface-associated serine proteases that function as bacterial adhesins in other gram-negative bacteria. The gene encoding SO3800 was deleted from the S. oneidensis genome, and the resulting mutant strain (ΔSO3800) was tested for its ability to adhere to and respire Fe(III) oxides. ΔSO3800 was severely impaired in its ability to adhere to Fe(III) ox...
Platelet Tissue Factor: How Did It Get There and Is It Important?

Recently, the presence of functionally active tissue factor (TF) in platelets has been reported by several groups. In this location, TF is postulated to play an important role in the propagation phase of thrombus formation. Although the existence of platelet TF still remains controversial to some extent, a review of the current literature proposes at least three distinct sources of “platelet-associated TF” in those laboratories that have reported its presence: (1) TF that is taken up in the form of circulating microparticles, usually derived from monocytes; (2) TF stored in the α-granules of platelets that may have been taken up and/or endogenously synthesized; and (3) TF that is synthesized and expressed on the plasma membrane of mature platelets. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, and the dominant mechanism may depend on the state of platelet activation and, possibly, on other host factors that differ in physiological hemostasis versus pathological thrombosis. This brief review will summarize the state-of-the-art understanding on the origins and possible role of platelet TF.
Impact of anxiety and life stress upon eyewitness testimony

Eighty-four subjects participated in a study designed to explore the relationship between the psychological state of a witness and the witness’s ability to accurately perceive and recall a complex incident. It was found that persons who are anxious and preoccupied, as measured by standard tests, performed more poorly on a test measuring eyewitness accuracy.
Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression by liver-derived dendritic cells: MIP-1α production is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interaction with allogeneic T cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are highly-specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC), that initiate and modulate immune responses. Their specialized migratory and tissue-homing properties are regulated by small molecular weight proteins (chemokines) that govern leukocyte migration and activation. Little is known about the capacity of liver DC to produce or respond to chemokines. Here we examined chemokine and chemokine receptor (CR) gene expression in both immature DC progenitors (DCp) and comparatively mature DC generated from mouse liver. Factors affecting production of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and the influence of MIP-1alpha on liver DC migration were also investigated. Dendritic cells were propagated in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) +/- interleukin (IL)-4 from bone marrow (BM) cells or liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC) isolated from normal mice, or from mice treated with the hematopoietic growth factor Flt3 ligand (FL). Their phenotype and allostimulatory function were assessed by monoclonal antibody (mAb) staining and flow cytometry, and by the capacity to induce mixed leukocyte reactions, respectively. Specific chemokine and CR gene expression was studied using the RNase protection assay (RPA). Production of MIP-1alpha was determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), and the migratory activity of liver DC induced by MIP-1alpha quantitated using microchemotaxis chambers. Like DC generated simultaneously from BM, liver-derived DC expressed mRNA for a variety of CC and CXC chemokines. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) transcripts were the most strongly expressed. Gene transcripts for the receptor CCR1, that binds RANTES and MIP-1alpha were also readily detected, as was CCR2, the receptor for the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP)1-4. No major differences in chemokine or CR mRNA expression were detected between immature and more mature liver DC. MIP-1alpha production by liver-derived DC was stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and high levels were also detected in co-cultures of hepatic DC and allogeneic T cells. Chemotactic migration of liver-derived DC was stimulated by MIP-1alpha. Thus, liver-derived DC express mRNA for several CC and CXC chemokines and their receptors that may play key roles in the regulation of hepatic inflammatory responses. Production of MIP-1alpha by liver DC, and their migratory responses to this chemokine, suggest that MIP-1alpha and other chemokines may play significant roles in the regulation of liver DC function and in interactions of liver DC with other leukocytes, under normal and inflammatory conditions.
Salmonella reservoirs in animals and feeds

Salmonellosis is an important worldwide problem involving all species of wild and domestic animals and fowl. With few exceptions serotypes are not host specific and cross infections are frequent. Carriers exist in most species including man. Probably no species is free of the disease. Animal feeds frequently contain the organisms. Transmission is most often due to ingestion of fecal-contaminated food or water, but infection by contact is a frequent and serious problem. Control by sanitation and protection against contamination of feeds would appear to solve much of the problem. Improved serologic methods for detecting carriers are badly needed.
Intestinal Myasis and the Common House-Fly (Musca Domestica Linn.)

Authentic published records of the common house-fly being the cause of intestinal myasis of man are not frequent. A case of intestinal myasis caused by the larvae of the house-fly was observed at Champaign, Illinois, in September, 1924, in a boy recovering from an attack of pneumonia
Comparing similar spectra: from similarity index to spectral contrast angle.

We investigated a spectral-contrast-angle (θ) method to determine whether mass spectra of structural isomers are the same or significantly different. This method represents collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) spectra as vectors in space. Mass spectra of different isomers are represented as different vectors, having characteristic lengths and direction. The derived spectral contrast angle, which is a measure of the angle between two vectors corresponding to two closely related spectra, is a measure of whether the mass spectra are the same or significantly different. We compare this method with the similarity index (SI) method and show that the spectral contrast angle method is superior and can differentiate between very similar spectra in cases where the SI cannot. Both methods can be implemented simply in situations where the analyst is called on to decide, on the basis of mass or product-ion spectra, whether reference and unknown compounds are the same or to evaluate the reproducibility of spectra comprised of many peaks.
On the ranking of psychological journals

Abstract Attempts to rank journals common to a particular discipline usually take one of two forms. A citation network among the journals can be used to generate an “objective” measure while surveys of discipline members can be used to generate a “subjective” measure. While these rankings are often compared with each other, the comparison is a limited objective. If a richer set of variables tapping the evaluative bases for journals is obtained, it is possible to use them to account for the distribution of journal standing. This is done for a set of psychological journals and provides a basis for understanding the dynamics of journal evaluation and standing.
A graphical interpretation of the electrical conductivity tensor

Electrical conductivity plays a central role in many areas of space science. However, texts and research articles sometimes misquote the conductivity tensor. This highlights the need for authors and researchers to verify the accuracy of this tensor for their chosen coordinate system. This paper presents a new graphical method to analyze the correctness of the conductivity tensor, applicable to any coordinate system. This method also illuminates the physical meaning of the terms in the conductivity tensor, which is often obscured by standard mathematical derivations.
The mechanism of the effect of acute stress on hexobarbital metabolism.

Abstract The effect of acute stress (unilateral hind-leg ligation for 1 hr) on hepatic metabolism of hexobarbital (HB) was studied in the rat. A stress duration-response relationship was found for stress inhibition of HB metabolism. The hepatic microsomal protein content was not affected, but the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content was reduced approximately 45% by this stress treatment. Stress caused a twofold increase in plasma corticosterone level and had no effect on plasma corticosterone level of adrenalectomized rats. Hexobarbital metabolism was not affected by stress in adrenalectomized rats. Thus, the inhibition of hepatic HB metabolism by acute stress may be caused by the increased release of corticosterone induced by acute stress.
HPLC Method Development for Duloxetine Hydrochloride Using a Combination of Computer-Based Solvent Strength Optimization and Solvent Selectivity Mixture Design

Abstract Computer simulation software for solvent strength optimization and statistical mixture design based on the solvent | selectivity triangle were useful tools employed for the development of a reversed-phase HPLC method to separate duloxetine, a new anti-depressant compound, and structurally-related impurities. Solvent strength optimization was used to show that adequate separation for all impurities could not be obtained with a single organic modifier and to aid in choosing appropriate boundary conditions for a mixture design study. The mixture design was used to obtain resolution maps for organic modifier mixtures consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran. Overlapping resolution maps for the peak pairs of interest revealed the solvent composition that would provide the maximum resolution. Finally, solvent strength was optimized at the best solvent composition and information about method robustness obtained.
Bioflavonoid interaction with rat uterine type II binding sites and cell growth inhibition.

Abstract Competition analysis with a number of known bioflavonoids demonstrated that these compounds (luteolin, quercetin, pelargonin) compete for [3H]estradiol binding to cytosol and nuclear type II sites in rat uterine preparations. The inhibition of [3H]estradiol binding to type II sites was specific and these bioflavonoids did not interact with the rat uterine estrogen receptor. Since estradiol stimulation of nuclear type II sites in the rat uterus is highly correlated with cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, we assessed the effects of these compounds on the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture and on estradiol stimulation of uterine growth in the immature rat. The data demonstrated that addition of quercetin (5–10 μg/ml) to MCF-7 cell cultures resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth (DNA/flask). This effect was reversible by removal of quercetin from the culture medium, or by the addition of 10 nM estradiol-17β to these cell cultures containing this bioflavonoid. Since estradiol-17β (10 nM) stimulated nuclear type II sites and proliferation of MCF-7 cells, we believe bioflavonoid inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth may be mediated through an interaction with nuclear type II sites. This hypothesis was confirmed by in vivo studies which demonstrated that injection of luteolin or quercetin blocked estradiol stimulation of nuclear type II sites in the immature rat uterus and this correlated with an inhibition of uterine growth (wet and dry weight). These studies suggest bioflavonoids, through an interaction with type II sites, may be involved in cell growth regulation.
Mass spectrum of chiral ten-dimensional N=2 supergravity on S5.

We discuss the spontaneous compactification of chiral N = 2 ten-dimensional supergravity from ten to five dimensions on S/sup 5/. Harmonic analysis on S/sup 5/ is used to compute the complete mass spectrum. Our results indicate that scalars and spinors in different SO(6) multiplets have different masses, even within the ''massless'' supermultiplet. We show that the conformal diffeomorphisms, which remain after imposing certain covariant gauge conditions for the general coordinate invariance, can be used to gauge away twice as many modes as there are gauge parameters. A doubleton multiplet of pure gauge modes is identified, and all modes in the massless supermultiplet lie at the beginning of infinite towers of modes.
Infant rats: effects of lateral hypothalamic destruction.

Abstract The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of 158 infant male albino rats was destroyed at 7–25 days of age. All pups lesioned at 7–21 days of age died during Stage II of the Lateral Hypothalamic Recovery Syndrome (LHRS) while adipsic and anorexic. Five rats lesioned at 25 days of age reached Stage IV (Recovery) by 97–112 days of age. Recovered rats displayed an LHRS nearly identical to that of adults, with permanent loss of hydrational controls for thirst and depressed body weight. Recovered rats had retarded linear body growth, minimal carcass fat, abnormal stomachs, and enlarged adrenal and pituitary glands. Unilateral LHA destruction, across ages, was sufficient to produce adipsia and aphagia with and without recovery. The results suggest that by at least 25 days of age, the LHA of rats is organized and functioning in an adult-like manner.
The activity coefficients of non-electrolytes in seawater

Abstract The solubility of non-electrolytes in electrolyte solutions has frequently been examined using the Setschnow equation ln (S 0 /S)= ln γ N =k S m where S0 and S are the solubilities in water and solution, kS is the salting coefficient of the non-electrolyte (N), γN is the activity coefficient, and m is the molality. The values of the salting coefficients are available for a number of non-electrolytes in some electrolyte solutions. Values are however not readily available for many of the major salts that make up natural waters (MgCl2, CaCl2, MgSO4, and Na2SO4). This requires the development of methods that can be used to estimate the salting coefficients of unknown salts for calculations of the solubility of non-electrolytes in natural waters. The measured values of kS have been shown to be in reasonable agreement with the values calculated using the Scaled Particle Model (kS=kα+kβ, where kα is related to the free energy of making space in the solution for the non-electrolyte and kβ is the free energy related to the interaction of the ions and the non-electrolyte). The values of kS in a given electrolyte have also been determined using the semi-empirical equation k S =a+b(e/k) where e/k is an energy parameter related to the polarizibility of the non-electrolyte, while the values in different electrolytes have been determined using correlations of the measured values of kS of two non-electrolytes k S (N)=a′+b′k S ( O 2 ) (a, a′, b, and b′ are adjustable parameters). These semi-empirical equations yield calculated values of kS that are in better agreement with the measured values than the Scaled Particle Theory. The measured and estimated values of kS have been used to estimate the Pitzer coefficients for 21 non-electrolytes (He, H2, Ne, N2, CO, N2O, O2, Ar, NO, CH4, CF4, Kr, C2H2, SF6, C2H4, Xe, C2H6, Rn, CCl4, C6H6, H2S) in major seasalts. The Pitzer parameters for the ions (λNi which is related to the interaction of ion I with the non-electrolyte N) have been used to estimate the activity coefficients in seawater. The calculated values are in good agreement with the measured values (H2, Ne, N2, CO, N2O, O2, Ar, CH4, Kr) and are in better agreement (σ=0.033) than the estimates made using the Scaled Particle Model (σ=0.077). A simple correlation of lnγN=0.0938+0.3404 kS (NaCl) gives an excellent fit (σ=0.014) of the experimental measurements in seawater (S=35 and t=25°C). This empirical equation can be used to determine solubilities for non-electrolytes in seawater from measurements made in NaCl solutions.
A modified method for the simultaneous determination of regional single-transit brain extraction of diffusion-limited compounds and cerebral blood flow: Utilization of non-invasive measurement of transit time

A dual-label radioisotope method to measure regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) with [14C]butanol and the single-transit brain extraction of [3H]water (Ew) was modified to permit concomittant measurement of the exit time through the cerebrovasculature of a bolus (BET) of 51chromium (51Cr)-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in rodents. First, [51Cr]EDTA was injected intravenously via the femoral vein and its transit through cerebrovasculature determined by external gamma counting. The BET measurement was then used to determine the optimum time for animal sacrifice for subsequent measurement of CBF and Ew to minimize both intravascular contamination and washout of butanol and water. This procedure resulted in higher CBF at moderate hypercapnia and slightly lower Ew as a function of arterial CO2 content than previously found using a fixed interval for sacrifice.
Correlation between the molt cycle and limb regeneration in the crayfish Orconectes obscurus (Hagen) (Decapoda, Astacidea)

[La regeneration des pattes de l'Orconectes obscurus juvenile a suivi le plan typique observe chez les autres crustaces. Les appendices ont ete preleves peu apres la mue et le developpement des bourgeons a commence 6,5 ± 0,48 jours apres, lorsque les animaux etaient dans le stade d'intermue C3 ou C4. Le plateau de croissance s'est presente a une valeur R de 14,8 ± 0,72; le premier signe de "proecdysis" (le developpement de nouvelles soies) est apparu a une valeur R de 16,1 ± 0,89; le "proecdysis" (a l'exclusion du stade Do) a dure 10,6 ± 0,68 jours; et la mue s'est produite a une valeur R de 25,0 ± 0,67. Quelques cycles d'intermue n'ont pas montre de periode d'"anecdysis" et les courbes de croissance correspondantes n'ont pas presente de plateau. Lorsque les courbes de croissance ont comporte un plateau, la duree de celui-ci a ete en correlation avec la duree totale du cycle d'intermue (coefficient de correlation = 0,8; P<0,1%). La duree des cycles d'intermue a beaucoup varie (de 20 a 79 jours), mais la dimension ou le sexe de l'animal, la distance de la source de lumiere, ou le temps passe dans le laboratoire n'ont pas influe sur cette duree. La nourriture et le photoperiode etaient les memes pour tous les animaux. Il y a donc d'autres facteurs inconnus qui controlent la duree du cycle., La regeneration des pattes de l'Orconectes obscurus juvenile a suivi le plan typique observe chez les autres crustaces. Les appendices ont ete preleves peu apres la mue et le developpement des bourgeons a commence 6,5 ± 0,48 jours apres, lorsque les animaux etaient dans le stade d'intermue C3 ou C4. Le plateau de croissance s'est presente a une valeur R de 14,8 ± 0,72; le premier signe de "proecdysis" (le developpement de nouvelles soies) est apparu a une valeur R de 16,1 ± 0,89; le "proecdysis" (a l'exclusion du stade Do) a dure 10,6 ± 0,68 jours; et la mue s'est produite a une valeur R de 25,0 ± 0,67. Quelques cycles d'intermue n'ont pas montre de periode d'"anecdysis" et les courbes de croissance correspondantes n'ont pas presente de plateau. Lorsque les courbes de croissance ont comporte un plateau, la duree de celui-ci a ete en correlation avec la duree totale du cycle d'intermue (coefficient de correlation = 0,8; P<0,1%). La duree des cycles d'intermue a beaucoup varie (de 20 a 79 jours), mais la dimension ou le sexe de l'animal, la distance de la source de lumiere, ou le temps passe dans le laboratoire n'ont pas influe sur cette duree. La nourriture et le photoperiode etaient les memes pour tous les animaux. Il y a donc d'autres facteurs inconnus qui controlent la duree du cycle.]
Universal codes for finite sequences of integers drawn from a monotone distribution

We offer two noiseless codes for blocks of integers X/sup n/ = (X/sub 1/, ..., X/sub n/). We provide explicit bounds on the relative redundancy that are valid for any distribution F in the class of memoryless sources with a possibly infinite alphabet whose marginal distribution is monotone. Specifically, we show that the expected code length L (X/sup n/) of our first universal code is dominated by a linear function of the entropy of X/sup n/. Further, we present a second universal code that is efficient in that its length is bounded by nH/sub F/ + o(nH/sub F/), where H/sub F/ is the entropy of F which is allowed to vary with n. Since these bounds hold for any n and any monotone F we are able to show that our codes are strongly minimax with respect to relative redundancy (as defined by Elias (1975)). Our proofs make use of the elegant inequality due to Aaron Wyner (1972).
Nuclear accumulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors is regulated by multiple signals in adrenal medullary cells.

In an effort to determine the localization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFR) that could mediate the intracellular action of FGF-2, we discovered the presence of high-affinity. FGF-...
A Balanced Scorecard Approach to Perioperative Process Management: A Case Study Perspective

This study examines business process management practices of balanced scorecard and dashboard applications to monitor, measure, and improve a hospital's perioperative process at strategic, tactical, and day-to-day operations levels. This paper identifies how dynamic technological activities of analysis, evaluation, and synthesis applied to internal and external organizational data can highlight complex relationships within integrated hospital processes to target opportunities for improvement and ultimately yield improved process capabilities. The identification of existing limitations, potential capabilities, and the subsequent contextual understanding are contributing factors that yield measured improvement within a hospital's perioperative process. Based on a 90-month longitudinal study of a large 909 registered-bed teaching hospital, this case study investigates the impact of integrated information systems to identify, qualify, and quantify business analytics used to improve perioperative efficiency and effectiveness across patient quality of care, operational efficiency, and financial cost effectiveness. The theoretical and practical implications and/or limitations of this study's results are also discussed with respect to practitioners and researchers alike.
Exploring the Relationship Between Thumb-Sucking and Psychopathology

Studied the relationship between chronic thumb-sucking and behavior problems reflective of psychopathology. Compared scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) for matched samples of thumb-sucking, referred, and nonreferred children. Mean scores for the thumb-sucking and nonreferred samples were equivalent and were significantly lower than scores for the referred sample. Comparing scores for older children (8-14 years) and younger children (4-7 years) did not produce a significant interaction. Correlating measures of thumb-sucking severity with ECBI and CBCL scores produced only 8 (of 42) significant correlations and a mean correlation of only .09. Collectively our results provide little support for the theoretically derived notion that thumb-sucking is necessarily a symptom of psychopathology.
The Four Marks of Holistic Kinesiology

What, to borrow a theological phrase, are the marks of a truly holistic kinesiology department? In Kinesis and the Nature of the Human Person (2010), I examined the theoretical impact of Aristotle's definition of kinesis and Polanyi's theory of tacit knowledge on kinesiology. The intention here, however, is practical rather than theoretical. How would a holistic philosophy impact the day-to-day activities within the discipline of kinesiology? What tenets would a holistic department of kinesiology hold? What direction and aims would such a department have? Four areas of impact and reform are offered. First, kinesiologists should engage the humanities. A vibrant humanistic presence in the field will not only make kinesiology more holistic; it will give kinesiologists the tools to articulate a holistic understanding of the nature of the human person. Second, kinesiologists should recognize the importance of experience, practice, and apprenticeship within the field. Third, departments should embrace rather th...
Influence of prime mover size and operational strategy on the performance of combined cooling, heating, and power systems under different cost structures

AbstractCombined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems use waste heat from on-site electricity generation to meet the thermal demand of the facility, which includes cooling, heating, and hot water. When compared with traditional set-ups of grid-generated electricity and an on-site boiler for heat, CCHP systems are capable of improving fuel utilization and lowering emissions. One of the critical components affecting the performance of CCHP systems is the prime mover. The objective of this investigation is to study the effect of the prime mover size and operational strategy on the energy, economical, and environmental performance of CCHP systems under different pricing structures. Three different sizes for the prime mover, a natural gas engine, are simulated under different operational strategies such as: following the electric demand of the facility, following the thermal demand of the facility, and following a constant load. The results obtained for the CCHP system will be compared with a reference b...
Bibliography on Linear Programming

Although the earliest discussions of linear programming date back to the 1930's, to the work of German and Austrian mathematicians and economists such as Neisser, von Stackelberg, Schlesinger, Wald and von Neumann, the mathematics has been extensively developed only in the past six or eight years. Because of the relative newness of the subject, the literature is widely scattered, and it is rather difficult for one just starting to learn about linear programming to know where to begin.
Behind closed doors: Pornographic uses of the Victorian:

This essay argues that the frequency and consistency of Victorian-set or Victorian-influenced pornographic films highlight hardcore’s reliance on class- and gender-related spatial transgression for erotic appeal: boundaries of public and private that the films specifically associate with Victorian social structures. This essay illuminates a self-reflexive pornographic heritage and demonstrates the peculiar tension between sexual repression and sexual perversity evidenced in cultural understandings of both the 19th-century and modern day pornography. I argue that in such films as A Scent of Heather (1980), Memoirs of a Chambermaid (1987), and Victorian Love Letters (2010), 19th-century material culture and technology, including written text, clothing, furniture, and domestic space, are eroticized in pornographic film specifically in connection with gender and class. In so doing, Victorian sexuality is represented in pornography as simultaneously regressive and perverse, as well as intimately tied to the tr...
Spatial heterogeneity of calcium transient alternans during the early phase of myocardial ischemia in the blood-perfused rabbit heart.

Background Optical mapping of cytosolic calcium transients in intact mammalian hearts is now possible using long-wavelength [Ca2+]i indicators. We propose that beat-to-beat [Ca2+]i transient alternans during ischemia may lead to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of calcium-activated membrane currents. Methods and Results To test this hypothesis, isolated rabbit hearts were loaded with the fluorescent [Ca2+]i indicator, rhod-2 AM, and imaged at 300 frames/sec during blood-perfused ischemic trials. High-quality [Ca2+]i transients were recorded in each of 8 hearts.[Ca2+]i transient alternans was never present in control records but occurred in each of the hearts during ischemia, with onset after 2 to 4 minutes. Alternans was confined to circumscribed regions of the heart surface 5 to 15 mm across. Multiple regions of alternans were found in most hearts, and regions that were out of phase with one another were found in 6 hearts. Quantitative maps of alternans were constructed by calculating an alternans rati...
Dispositional anxiety and risk-avoidant decision-making.

Three studies investigated the link between dispositional anxiety and the tendency to engage in risk-avoidant decision-making. Findings suggest that dispositional anxiety is associated with a pronounced bias toward making risk-avoidant choices. Individual differences in trait anxiety, worry, and social anxiety were each associated with risk-avoidance on a behavioral risk-taking task (Studies 1 and 2). Compared with other clinical patients (e.g., mood disorders) and non-clinical controls, anxiety disordered patients exhibited substantially greater risk-aversion (Study 3). Findings suggest that the relationship with risk-avoidance is specific to anxiety, and is not merely concomitant to the experience of negative affect. This research has implications for understanding the links between individual differences in affective processing and basic decision-making processes.
Coding Disaggregated Intrastate Conflict: Machine Processing the Behavior of Substate Actors Over Time and Space

This article describes a new machine-coded event data set specifically designed to study the spatially, temporally, and tactically disaggregated actions of multiple state and nonstate actors in a systematic fashion. The project develops an extensive set of dictionaries for multiple actors and employs a new coding scheme to organize information on such actors and their behavior. The author describes the machine content-analysis methods used to collect the data and the newly developed coding scheme.
Disulfide Bond Oxidoreductase DsbA2 of Legionella pneumophila Exhibits Protein Disulfide Isomerase Activity

The extracytoplasmic assembly of the Dot/Icm type IVb secretion system (T4SS) of Legionella pneumophila is dependent on correct disulfide bond (DSB) formation catalyzed by a novel and essential disulfide bond oxidoreductase DsbA2 and not by DsbA1, a second nonessential DSB oxidoreductase. DsbA2, which is widely distributed in the microbial world, is phylogenetically distinct from the canonical DsbA oxidase and the DsbC protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)/reductase of Escherichia coli. Here we show that the extended N-terminal amino acid sequence of DsbA2 (relative to DsbA proteins) contains a highly conserved 27-amino-acid dimerization domain enabling the protein to form a homodimer. Complementation tests with E. coli mutants established that L. pneumophila dsbA1, but not the dsbA2 strain, restored motility to a dsbA mutant. In a protein-folding PDI detector assay, the dsbA2 strain, but not the dsbA1 strain, complemented a dsbC mutant of E. coli. Deletion of the dimerization domain sequences from DsbA2 produced the monomer (DsbA2N), which no longer exhibited PDI activity but complemented the E. coli dsbA mutant. PDI activity was demonstrated in vitro for DsbA2 but not DsbA1 in a nitrocefin-based mutant TEM β-lactamase folding assay. In an insulin reduction assay, DsbA2N activity was intermediate between those of DsbA2 and DsbA1. In L. pneumophila, DsbA2 was maintained as a mixture of thiol and disulfide forms, while in E. coli, DsbA2 was present as the reduced thiol. Our studies suggest that DsbA2 is a naturally occurring bifunctional disulfide bond oxidoreductase that may be uniquely suited to the majority of intracellular bacterial pathogens expressing T4SSs as well as in many slow-growing soil and aquatic bacteria.
Controlled atmosphere storage affects quality and chilling susceptibility of cucumbers

Controlled atmospheres (CA) maintained the quality of cucumbers better than conventional refrigerated storage at 5C. Elevated levels of CO, (3 %) and decreased concentrations of O2 (1 and 15%) also increased the tolerance of cucumbers to chilling exposure. The content of sugars, including fructose and glucose; and organic acids, particularly malic acid, were maintained at higher levels in CA-stored cucumbers than in air-stored samples. The respiration rates (measured as CO, production) of cucumber fruit during storage at 5C were markedly suppressed under CA conditions. Contrary to reports in the literature, CA storage was found to be beneficial in reducing chilling injury and maintaining cucumber quality.
A Systemic Methodology for Software Architecture Analysis and Design

The paper outlines a new systemic methodology for analysis and design of software architecture that addresses some major limitations in the current state of the art. First and foremost, current approaches fail to recognize the contextual environment as a major driver for software architecture. The higher abstraction level of software architecture is matched poorly by the lower-level, detail-oriented paradigms that the current architectural design methods employ. Worse yet, the current prescriptive specification methods often fail to handle adequately architectural evolution in the face of inherent contextual uncertainty and to scale to the size of modern software systems. We introduce a new software architecture methodology that approaches the software architecture domain with systemic techniques and we model explicitly contextual factors in software architecture definition. We introduce the concept of patterns for the contextual environment, which serve alongside architectural patterns as the primary vocabulary for architecture description and analysis. Our analysis approach uses a probabilistic modeling and decision formalism to guide software architecture evolution. Finally, we define an evaluation framework to assess the "fitness for purpose" of a proposed software architecture.
Mast Cells and Headache in Crohn's Disease

SYNOPSIS Four patients with vascular headaches of remarkable severity and chronicity not responding to usual therapies brought attention to their families in which at least two members each also have Crohn's disease. Hitherto an association of Crohn's disease with vascular headache of the migrainous type has not been recognized.One patient suffered bouts of extreme constipation at age four years. When eight years old he developed “screaming, pounding headaches”. During headaches, intermittent crampy periumbilical pain and diarrhea appeared. Subsequent radiologic and surgical evidence resulted in a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. His 11-year-old brother was seen for headaches which were intractable over a period of at least six months, but bowel symptoms has not appeared as yet. Their father has Crohn's disease.A 19-year-old woman with Crohn's disease presented with headaches of the migrainous type of eight months duration, resistent to all therapies. Her mother has Crohn's disease and migraine and a sister has peptic ulcers, “gaseous colon” and migraine.Resected bowel of three of these patients showed large numbers of mast cells. We suggest that vasoactive substances, including histamine released from mast cells, could cause headache. Moreover, impaired sulfate conjugation of monamines, or decreased monoamine oxidase in diseased bowel could facilitate the absorption and increase the circulation of vasoactive substances causing headache.