cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature MFM studies of CMR manganites

Abstract We have performed low-temperature Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) studies of colossal magneto-resistive (CMR) (La 0.67 Ca 0.33 )MnO 3 films prepared by physical vapor codeposition (PVCD). The samples exhibit sharp metal-insulator transitions at T c =265 K, and 120 nm grain structures. MFM studies performed down to T = 77 K showed irregularly-shaped magnetic features at temperatures below T c . Characteristic magnetic domain sizeswere 1–2 μm, which exceeds the grain size for these films, implying coherence across grain boundaries in this system.
Parental influences on female puberty in the monogamous California mouse, Peromyscus californicus

Abstract Sexual maturation of juvenille Peromyscus californicus females was delayed if females were housed with both parents. This delay was attributed to contact with the mother rather than the father. Sexual maturation was not affected by contact with a strange male, but puberty was delayed by contact with a strange female. In subsequent studies, the role of maternal urinary chemosignals and physical contact in delaying puberty was examined. Exposure to maternal urine or soiled bedding had no effect on sexual maturation in juvenile females. Puberty was delayed in juvenile females that had direct physical contact with their mother compared with females not exposed to their mother. Females exposed to their mother, but prevented physical contact by a double wire-mesh barrier, showed an intermediate delay in sexual maturation which did not differ significantly from either the contact or unexposed females. Thus physical contact with the mother and not a urinary chemosignal per se is necessary to delay sexual maturation in P. californicus .
Induction of sterility in adult house flies and stable flies by chemosterilization of pupae.

Sterility was induced in stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), by immersing pupae in 5% concentrations of tepa, metepa, thiotepa, (tris(l-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide), methiotepa, P,P -bis(l-aziridinyl) -N- propylphosphinic amide, bis (I-aziridinyl) ethylphosphine sulfide, or 2.5% hexamethylphosphorothioic triamide. However, if the pupae were rinsed after treatment, only his (I-aziridinyl) ethylphos-phine sulfide produced any significant sterility. With house flies, Musca domestica L., only P,P -bis (I-aziridinyl)- N -propylphosphinic amide and thiotepa produced complete sterility when the pupae were left unrinsed; bis (1-aziridinyl) ethylphosphine sulfide was effective when the pupae were rinsed.
FRANKENSTEIN'S MONSTER AND IMAGES OF RACE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN

Problematique raciale et representation de l'autre dans Frankenstein de Shelley a la lumiere du contexte social et psychologique de l'Angleterre pre-victorienne.
Survival in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension The Impact of Epoprostenol Therapy

Background— Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a severe and progressive disease. Without treatment, the median survival is 2.8 years, with survival rates of 68%, 48%, and 34% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Intravenous epoprostenol was the first Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for PPH. The long-term impact that epoprostenol has made on PPH remains to be defined. Methods and Results— One hundred sixty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with PPH and treated with epoprostenol were followed for a mean of 36.3 months (median, 31 months). Data including functional class, exercise tolerance, and hemodynamics were recorded in a customized database. Vital status was verified in each patient. Observed survival with epoprostenol therapy at 1, 2, and 3 years was 87.8%, 76.3%, and 62.8% and was significantly greater than the expected survival of 58.9%, 46.3%, and 35.4% based on historical data. Baseline predictors of survival included exercise tolerance, functional class, right atrial pressure, ...
Evidence of Auditing as a Deterrent to Financial Reporting Irregularities

This article investigates the impact of auditing on the commission of financial reporting irregularities by managers. We also examine whether the deterrent effect of auditing is affected by individual demographics. An experiment, using three case scenarios, was employed. Our findings indicated that auditing had a strong deterrent effect when the following conditions were present: material dollar amounts, irregularities involving asset overstatements, unambiguous violations of accounting principles, and low incentive for misstating income. While age, experience, and contact with auditors did not influence the deterrent effect of auditing, we found evidence that respondents with accounting and finance specializations perceived auditing as a greater deterrent than other respondents.
AHR-dependent misregulation of Wnt signaling disrupts tissue regeneration

The origins of molecular toxicology can be traced to understanding the interactions between halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The physiological consequences of activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor are diverse, and we are just beginning to understand the importance of the AHR signal transduction pathway in homeostasis and disease. The many downstream targets that mediate these biological responses remain undefined. Studies have exploited the power of the zebrafish model to elucidate the mechanisms by which AHR activation disrupts biological signaling. Recent genomic analysis performed in a zebrafish tissue regeneration model revealed functional cross talk between AHR and the well-established Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway. This review focuses on the development of the zebrafish model of AHR biology and the application of in vivo toxicogenomics to unravel molecular mechanisms.
Parent-implemented social-pragmatic communication intervention: A pilot study

This pilot study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based parent training and coaching program on the use of naturalistic and visual teaching strategies by parents of children (aged 2–5 years) with Down syndrome to promote and enhance these children’s social-pragmatic communication skills. Five parent interventionist–child dyads participated. A single-case multiple-baseline design demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the parent training and coaching program on parents’ correct use of naturalistic and visual teaching strategies. Findings suggest that parents and children benefited from the intervention. Parents learned the new teaching strategies, implemented them with high fidelity, and were satisfied with intervention procedures and outcomes. In addition, parents reported improvement in their children’s social-pragmatic communication skills. Implications for practice and future research are described.
Distributed estimation: constraints on the choice of the local models

The following estimation problem is considered: a coordinator must reconstruct the (global) probability density of a nonlinear random process, conditioned on the noise-corrupted observation history. The coordinator can only access the (local) probability density produced by local processing of the observation history using a (local) model different from the process model. It is shown that if the local model satisfies an algebraic constraint, the coordinator can reconstruct the same conditional density of the state process as the one obtained if the observations were processed using the coordinator (process) model. It is assumed that the random process is a nonlinear stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion, and the observation process is corrupted by additive Brownian motion, which is identically modeled by the coordinator and the local processor. >
Imaging the earth with passive seismic arrays

Earthquake and exploration seismology share a common foundation in elastic wave propagation. Most of what we know about earthquakes is known from the elastic waves they emit, while seismic methods in exploration are all about using scattered elastic waves to image earth structure. Seismologists have been using elastic waves to probe the earth since the very earliest instruments. After all, it was early seismic measurements that led to the spherical shell model of earth structure (crust, mantle, and core) taught to grade school students.
Diffusion of Vacancies and Adatoms on Stepped Crystalline Surfaces

Abstract We consider the diffusion of vacancies and adatoms at thermal equilibrium on stepped metallic surfaces in the random walk limit. For the simplest models of generation of adatoms and vacancies from the opposite edges of a terrace we point out that in the absence of annihilation the coverage on a terrace is uniform on average. We also give the average coverage profile in two-dimensions relative to the generating point for adatoms or vacancies. When terrace edge barriers imperfectly confine the walkers their average coverage acquires a linear decrease away from the generating edge. When adatom–vacancy annihilation processes are included the average coverage acquires an approximately parabolic dependence on distance from the generating terrace edge. We explore by calculation the effects of terrace width and asymmetric generation rate of adatoms and vacancies on the coverage variation.
Leydig Cell Protein Synthesis and Steroidogenesis in Response to Acute Stimulation by Luteinizing Hormone in Rats

We examined the temporal relationship between protein synthesis and testosterone production by rat Leydig cells in primary culture. Leydig cells were isolated from adult control Sprague-Dawley rats and from rats that had received LH-suppressive testosterone and estradiol (TE) implants in vivo for 10 days. The cells were incubated for 1-4 h with [ 35 S]methionine in the presence or absence of maximally stimulating ovine LH, and newly synthesized proteins were examined by two-dimensional PAGE autoradiography. Approximately 800-900 newly synthesized polypeptides were readily visible on all autoradiograms, most of which did not differ in the cells from intact control and TE-treated rats. Incubation of cells from the control and treated rats with maximally stimulating LH for 4 h in both cases resulted in significant increases in testosterone production and in three newly synthesized polypeptides. These polypeptides, along with two others that changed little in response to LH, were similar in apparent molecular mass, 30 kDa, but differed in isoelectric point. Time-course studies revealed a temporal relationship between stimulation of the three 30-kDa proteins and of testosterone production. Western blot analysis identified the 30-kDa proteins as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). The results of these studies, for the first time utilizing primary cultures of highly purified, testosterone-producing Leydig cells, provide further correlative evidence of a role for StAR protein in the acute regulation of Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis by LH.
Variational calculations on the helium isoelectronic sequence

We have performed variational calculations on the helium isoelectronic sequence for values of the nuclear charge $Z$ ranging from 1 to 10. The basis used is a modification of that employed by Frankowski and Pekeris in 1966, whose calculation has not been superseded before now. Using 230-term wave functions, we obtain for $Z=2$ through 10 variational energies accurate to better than a few parts in ${10}^{13}$. Our results illustrate the importance of using basis functions which have the same analytic structure as the exact wave function being approximated.
Magnesium silicate in virus transmission

Abstract Magnesium trisilicate (Mg2Si3O8·5H2O, here abbreviated as MgSi) functioned as an abrasive in the transmission of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and all viruses tested, but as an abrasive it was only about one-sixtieth as effective as Celite. When variable amounts of MgSi were added to inoculum of CMV from cucumber and containing Celite, the increase in infection due to MgSi was about 2-fold; but when beet, carnation, pine, or oak leaves, ribonuclease, or peach aphids were added, the increase in infection due to MgSi was up to 52-fold. Transfer of CMV from beet to cowpea with Celite as abrasive gave very low infection, but addition of MgSi increased infection about 20-fold. This MgSi effect was increased to 78-fold by sucrose and 93-fold by K2HPO4. MgSi, in the presence of Celite, increased transmission in 8 of 16 virus host combinations tested and therefore has wide application. The greatest increase in transmission (231-fold) was in the transfer of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) from beet to bean. The greatest decrease in transmission (140-fold) was in the transmission of tomato ringspot virus (TRSV) from cucumber to cucumber. The presence of MgSi in the inoculum increased the size of CMV lesions in cowpea. It is believed that the major merit of MgSi in virus transmission is as a neutralizer of inhibitors, although MgSi may itself function as an inhibitor.
Selecting Student Project Teams When it Really Matters: An Optimization-Based Approach Using Internet Resources

This article presents an optimization-based approach to selecting student project teams. This approach is particularly useful when there are more projects available than can be staffed, the assignment of students to teams should be done at the same time that the projects to be conducted are selected, and the quality of the student teams is especially important. I have used this approach to select project teams in our required capstone MBA supply chain management project course for the past three years, and it has both simplified the selection process and improved the quality of the results. The approach also provides an easily understood practical illustration of the value of algebraic optimization modeling methods, and it demonstrates the use of Internet optimization resources. For instructors who need to assign project teams but who are not interested in the details of the optimization model, the approach can be applied as a “decision support system” without requiring the user to understand the specifics of the optimization model.
Root Development of Native Plants Under Three Grazing Intensities

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various intensities of grazing upon roots and root systems of plants native to the ponderosa pine zone of the Colorado Front Range. It was designed to ascertain the root characteristics of certain species of the plant community and any changes in root distribution induced by 17 years of moderate and heavy grazing by cattle. The cumulative effects of such grazing are also illustrated. Most studies concerning the effects of plant defoliation show that any cropping (clipping or grazing) reduces plant growth, especially root growth. The initial root and rhizome response to defoliation is the cessation of elongation (Parker and Sampson 1931, Crider 1955). Subsequent reactions to continued defoliation are reduction in root numbers and branching (Jacques 1937, Albertson, Riegel, and Launchbaugh 1953), root diameter (Biswell and Weaver 1933), and depth of soil penetration (Ruby and Young 1953, Cook, Stoddart, and Kinsinger 1958). The amount of reduction is directly related to the severity and frequency of defoliation (Graber 1931, Albertson et al. 1953, Thaine 1954). In general the degree of defoliation is more detrimental to root growth than frequency of defoliation. Crider (1955) showed that apical growth of grass roots stopped within 24 hr after the removal of 40% or more of the foliage in one operation. The time required for roots to resume growth varied directly with the degree of foliage removal. The consequences of overgrazing are apparently carried over from season to season. WVeaver
Effects of pH on in vitro gallbladder responses to cholecystokinin octapeptide.

We investigated the effect of pH change on octapeptide cholecystokinin's ability to contract guinea pig gallbladder strips. In the absence of exogenous drugs, pH changes had no demonstrable effect on gallbladder tension. However, when gallbladder strips were contracted with CCK-OP at pH 7.3, increasing the pH in the muscle bath to 7.8 produced further increases in tension at each dose studied (P<0.025). Subsequently, decreasing the bath pH to 6.9 decreased the strip tension to less than that observed at pH 7.3 (P<0.025). Reversing the order in which these pH alterations were made produced similar results; a pH decrease from 7.3 to 6.9 decreased the response to CCK-OP at the two highest doses (P<0.025), while subsequent elevation of pH raised the tension to levels greater than those observed at pH 7.3 (P<0.01). Furthermore, contracting the strips at pH 8.0 and slowly decreasing pH at a rate of 0.1 pH units per minute consistently produced an acceleration of tension decay as pH fell. After contracting the strip at pH 6.7, slow increases in pH reversed the tension decay and enhanced the contractile response as pH was increased from 6.7 to 8.0. These results demonstrate that pH changes alter the gallbladder contractile response to cholecystokinin. Although this phenomenon has been reported for a number of other physiologic agents, we believe this is the first such demonstration for a peptide hormone.
Hydrogen solubility in a titanium aluminide alloy

Abstract The dissolution of hydrogen in a titanum aluminide alloy based on Ti3Al, Ti-24 Al-11 Nb, has been measured as a function of temperature and hydrogen pressure. Both the terminal solubility and the overall solubility, or total uptake of hydrogen, were determined. The terminal solubility of hydrogen in the α2 matric phase increases with temperature, while the overall solubility decreases with increasing temperature in the high-temperature region. The partial molar heat of solution in the α2 phase was determined to be−(21.97 ± 1.46) kJ/mol [H], while the partial molar heat of formation of the hydride phase was −(70.29 ± 2.34) kJ/mol [H]. The standard partial molar free energy of hydrogen in the α2 phase in equilibrium with the hydride was −(74,060 ± 2000) + (87.8 ± 2.1) T J/mol [H].
The Effect of Driver Mass and Shaft Length on Initial Golf Ball Launch Conditions: A Designed Experimental Study

The influence of golf driver mass and shaft length on initial golf ball launch conditions was investigated. A series of carefully selected player tests were used to isolate the coupled influence of club mass and shaft length on initial ball velocity, spin rates, launch angle, and dispersion of impacts across the clubface. The ranges of selected club masses and shaft lengths were typical of those found in currently available drivers. While longer, lighter clubs generally led to higher ball speeds for most test golfers, those combinations of club mass and club length that minimized spin rates resulted in the greatest estimated total shot distance. Not surprisingly, use of longer drivers led to a slightly larger dispersion of impacts over the clubface. Interestingly, individual golfers tended to miss in the same region of the clubface irrespective of the club length, i.e., they compensated for changes in club mass and length when swinging. Employing the methodology outlined here, it may be possible to tailor golf club designs in order to obtain enhanced golf ball launch characteristics for a range of golfers. Such efforts may facilitate golf club design by establishing relationships between mass and configuration parameters that lead to improved driver performance.
Visual Robot Guidance In Dynamic Environment Using Quadtree Data Structure And Parallel Processing

ABSTRACT To guide a robot in a time varying environment, the initially planned path must be updated as the contents of the scene change. This research addresses the problem of planning a collosion free path for efficient visual guidance in scenes involving moving obstacles. Here we present a time efficient path planing based on quadtree data structure and parallel processing techniques, which is applied to the top view of a dynamic environment. Motion analysis is performed on a sequence of images taken from the top view of the scene in certain time intervals. The extracted motion information is then used for selecting the best path as the shortest distance nearer to the obstacle which is moving away from a reference point (e.g., camera, robot or a segment of initially planed path). 1. INTRODUCTION Robot navigation is a process of finding a collision-free path for a robot and guiding it through obstacles in a stationary or time varying environment. This process plays an important role in many applications of robotics and automation. It involves two processing steps; robot motion path planning and visual robot guidance. Path planing usually involves the analysis of the top view of a scene in a predetermined form. Results of the path planing is then used to guide a robot towards its destination without any collision. This involves the analysis of an image sequence representing the front view of the environment.In this paper, we consider the problem of determining a collision-free path for a robot using a sequence of images of the top view of a time varying scene. Despite their close resemblance, robot path planning in dynamic environment differs from the manipulator path planning in many aspects. This is because the manipulators follow the same path in their operations, while robots may follow different routes at different time instances. In addition, a robot does not have all the necessary information about its environment, and it has to find its path when it is moving along the certain direction. It obtains the visual description of the surrounding neighbor from a sequence of successive picture frames and based upon this information it determines its route.Considerable research effort has been devoted to study the robot path planning. For example, use of the ultrasonic range finders have been proposed to avoid collision with unexpected
Erythrocyte Sensitization by Blood Group-Specific Bacterial Antigens

Human and chicken erythrocytes are readily coated in vitro by blood group active protein-lipopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O86 and E. coli O128. Serum albumin, α2- and β-lipoproteins inhibit this sensitization. Blood group B specific agglutination of erythrocytes with B or B-like antigens was obtained with antibodies purified by adsorption on and elution from B erythrocytes. Anti-blood group B and E. coli O86-specific antibodies could be eluted from E. coli O86-coated O erythrocytes. Eel anti-H(O) serum agglutinated O erythrocytes and only those A1B red cells which were coated with blood group H(O) active E. coli products. Blood group active substances specifically inhibited agglutination of lipopolysaccharide-coated erythrocytes by anti-B and anti-H(O) agglutinins. Demonstrable amounts of lipopolysaccharide could only be removed from coated erythrocytes by washing them at elevated temperatures (58°C) in physiological solutions. Red cell sensitization with B active E. coli O86 substances was achieved in vivo in a minority of severely diseased infants and in germ-free and ordinary chicks which were in tourniquet shock after treatment with cathartics. Therefore, a possible mode by which erythrocytes of patients with severe intestinal disorders acquire antigens is the fixation of bacterial substances to their surfaces, if there are not enough of the normally interfering plasma factors present.
Thermal Vacuum Integrated System Test at B-2

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) Plum Brook Station (PBS) Space Propulsion Research Facility, commonly referred to as B-2, is NASA s third largest thermal vacuum facility. It is the largest designed to store and transfer large quantities of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, and is perfectly suited to support developmental testing of chemical propulsion systems as well as fully integrated stages. The facility is also capable of providing thermal-vacuum simulation services to support testing of large lightweight structures, Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) systems, electric propulsion test programs, and other In-Space propulsion programs. A recently completed integrated system test demonstrated the refurbished thermal vacuum capabilities of the facility. The test used the modernized data acquisition and control system to monitor the facility during pump down of the vacuum chamber, operation of the liquid nitrogen heat sink (or cold wall) and the infrared lamp array. A vacuum level of 1.3x10(exp -4)Pa (1x10(exp -6)torr) was achieved. The heat sink provided a uniform temperature environment of approximately 77 K (140deg R) along the entire inner surface of the vacuum chamber. The recently rebuilt and modernized infrared lamp array produced a nominal heat flux of 1.4 kW/sq m at a chamber diameter of 6.7 m (22 ft) and along 11 m (36 ft) of the chamber s cylindrical vertical interior. With the lamp array and heat sink operating simultaneously, the thermal systems produced a heat flux pattern simulating radiation to space on one surface and solar exposure on the other surface. The data acquired matched pretest predictions and demonstrated system functionality.
β-Carboline-Induced Anxiety States

Several C-3-substituted β-carbolines (e.g., the ethyl ester of β-carbol·ine-3-carboxylic acid) have high affinities for benzodiazepine receptors and can antagonize the principal pharmacologic actions
Postovariectomy weight gain in female rats is reversed by estrogen receptor α agonist, propylpyrazoletriol

Objective The objective of this study was to distinguish the role of specific estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, on body weight regulation using a rat model of weight gain subsequent to menopause. Study Design Ovariectomized rats were utilized as the animal model to simulate the postmenopause weight gain. The rats were ovariectomized and subcutaneously injected daily with vehicle, estradiol-17β (E2), propylpyrazoletriol (PPT; ERα agonist) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN; ERβ agonist). To further control for the possible effect of estrogen secreted from adrenals, a second experiment was conducted during which the rats were adrenalectomized and ovariectomized. Results Ovariectomy significantly increased ( P P Conclusion These results suggest that the activation of ERα is important in regulating body weight.
Environmental factors in genitourinary development.

Purpose: In the last century the world has experienced an increase in the use of industrial chemicals as well as possible increases in the prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Because hormones regulate the fetal development of many organs, numerous investigations have explored the role of environmental factors in genitourinary growth. We summarize the data regarding endocrine disruptors in human genitourinary development.Materials and Methods: A PubMed® literature search was performed for human studies from 2004 to 2009.Results: Few data exist on environmental influences on the kidneys, ureters or bladder. Studies on the influence of pesticides, vegetarian diets, diethylstilbestrol, oral contraceptives and corticosteroids on hypospadias have yielded varied conclusions. Phthalates appear to increase the odds of hypospadias and anogenital distance. The testicular dysgenesis syndrome postulates that cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor semen quality and testicular cancer share a common environmental or...
Determination of Dynamic Forces From Wave Motion Measurements

On developpe une methode experimentale de generation de forces obliques avec des evolutions temporelles et des orientations connues. Application aux problemes sismiques et a l'emission acoustique de fissures
EFR frequency dependent linewidths in mixed valence complexes: The 103 effect

Abstract EPR measurements on hexamminecobalt (III) and hexamminechromium (III) chlorocupratest (I,II) have revealed linewidth variations with observation freque
On the Nature of the Basis in Certain Species of the Hembeli Section of Chthamalus (Cirripedia, Thoracica)

[La nature de la base chez trois especes de la section hembeli du genre Chthamalus a ete examinee et decrite. Le bord inferieur inflechi des parois du Chthamalus intertextus Darwin n'est pas une inflection de la paroi primaire dans le sens decrit par Darwin, 1854. Ce bord est plutot produit par une calcification secondaire, qui termine l'accroissement diametral ulterieur du mur primaire. Le concept de la fausse base et de son developpement a partir de la paroi inflechie chez Chthamalus hembeli (Conrad), decrit par Darwin, 1854, est incorrect, car ce Cirripede a une veritable base calcaire dans tous les stades ontogenetiques que j'ai examine. Une calcification secondaire a lieu chez les specimens murs, et, quand cette calcification est bien developpee, elle exclut l'accroissement diametral ulterieur du mur primaire. La diagnose du Chthamalus calcareobasis Henry, 1957, doit etre corrigee, car les stades murs de cette espece ne peuvent etre separes des stades juveniles de C. hembeli de taille comparable par l'existence d'une vraie base calcaire seulement. On ignore si une calcification secondaire a lieu chez C. calcareobasis, et l'on presume que la croissance diametrale progresse pendant toute la vie. La signification de la calcification secondaire et le mode determinant de crossaince impose par celle-ci ne sont pas connus. L'auteur suggere plusieurs possibilites, toutes en rapport avec les adaptations a la severe erosion du mur primaire., La nature de la base chez trois especes de la section hembeli du genre Chthamalus a ete examinee et decrite. Le bord inferieur inflechi des parois du Chthamalus intertextus Darwin n'est pas une inflection de la paroi primaire dans le sens decrit par Darwin, 1854. Ce bord est plutot produit par une calcification secondaire, qui termine l'accroissement diametral ulterieur du mur primaire. Le concept de la fausse base et de son developpement a partir de la paroi inflechie chez Chthamalus hembeli (Conrad), decrit par Darwin, 1854, est incorrect, car ce Cirripede a une veritable base calcaire dans tous les stades ontogenetiques que j'ai examine. Une calcification secondaire a lieu chez les specimens murs, et, quand cette calcification est bien developpee, elle exclut l'accroissement diametral ulterieur du mur primaire. La diagnose du Chthamalus calcareobasis Henry, 1957, doit etre corrigee, car les stades murs de cette espece ne peuvent etre separes des stades juveniles de C. hembeli de taille comparable par l'existence d'une vraie base calcaire seulement. On ignore si une calcification secondaire a lieu chez C. calcareobasis, et l'on presume que la croissance diametrale progresse pendant toute la vie. La signification de la calcification secondaire et le mode determinant de crossaince impose par celle-ci ne sont pas connus. L'auteur suggere plusieurs possibilites, toutes en rapport avec les adaptations a la severe erosion du mur primaire.]
Improving the worst-case performance of the Hunt-Szymanski strategy for the longest common subsequence of two strings

Abstract Among the algorithms set up to date for finding the longest common subsequence of two strings, the one by Hunt and Szymanski exhibits the best known performance in favorable cases, but can be worse than any straightforward algorithm for a large variety of inputs. The new algorithm presented here pursues a schedule of primitive operations quite close to the one inherent to the Hunt-Szymanski strategy, but with substantially enhanced efficiency. In fact, the new algorithm improves on the former in two important respects. First, its worst case is never worse than linear in the product nm of the lengths of the two input strings. Second, its time bound does not always grow with the cardinality r of the set R of all pairs of matching positions of the input strings. Rather, it depends on the cardinality d of a specific subset of R, whose elements are called here dominant matches , and are elsewhere referred to as minimal candidates . This second improvement also appears of significance, since it seems that whenever r gets too close to mn, this forces d to be linear in m. The new algorithm requires standard preprocessing, and makes use of finger-trees. In a forthcoming paper, it will be shown among other things that the same performance can be achieved with simpler and handier auxiliary data structures.
My Organs, My Choice

In “Examining the Potential Exploitation of UNOS Policies,” Zink et al. (2005) recommend that further restrictions be placed on the practice of directed solid organ donation. In doing so, they equi...
2-Photon Imaging of Excitatory Potentials in Dendritic Spines using Voltage-Sensitive Dyes

We developed a 2-photon imaging system that allows us to simultaneously perform glutamate uncaging and voltage sensitive dye (VSD) imaging from dendritic spines, which are the postsynaptic targets of excitatory inputs. Using this system and the intracellular fluorinated VSD di-2-AN(F)EPPTEA (Yan et al, 2012), we were able to record MNI-glutamate uncaging evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) from single spine heads that resemble mEPSPs (<1 mV at the soma) in the basal dendrites of LV pyramidal neurons.
Blood pressure fluctuations in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can be a consequence of hypertensive crisis and is often associated with rapid fluctuations in blood pressure (BP). However, the role of these BP changes in the pathogenesis of PRES has not been formally studied. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between BP fluctuations and the occurrence of PRES. Methods We identified consecutive patients who developed PRES in the hospital and compared them with randomly selected controls matched for age, gender, and history of hypertension (HTN). Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were collected at 2-hour intervals over a 48-hour window before the onset of PRES symptoms. A profile of changes in the values of SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) over the 48-hour window was summarized for each individual by calculating a single number (M value) using the approach by Service et al. Comparisons of these summary numbers between the 2 groups (cases and controls) were made with the Wilcoxon signed rank test because of the smaller sample size and paired nature of the data. All tests were 2-sided, and P Results We analyzed the BP profiles in 25 cases of PRES and 25 controls. The median age of PRES patients was 54 years (range 31-72). Fourteen of them (56%) had a history of HTN. Hypertensive encephalopathy was considered the underlying cause of PRES in 13 patients (52%). At the time of the first symptoms of PRES, the mean SBP was 182 ± 20 mm Hg (range 218-145), DBP 95 ± 16 mm Hg (range 134-62), MAP 124 ± 15 (range 152-93), and PP 87 ± 18 (range 123-46). While BP was higher in PRES cases, the severity of HTN was variable and BP fluctuations were not significantly more common than in controls ( P = .38 for SBP, .79 for DBP, .25 for MAP, and .73 for PP, respectively). Conclusions Although acute HTN is frequent in patients with PRES, BP fluctuations do not appear to be more common in hospitalized patients who develop PRES compared with controls matched for age and history of HTN. Other predisposing factors must therefore contribute to the development of PRES.
Tight linkage between a nuclear male-sterile locus and an enzyme marker in tomato.

The linkage relationship of a nuclear male sterile locus, ms-10, was tested with two enzyme marker loci known to be on the same chromosome (long arm of chromosome 2). The results indicate the gene order is Est-1 — 18 cM — Prx-2 — 1.5 cM — ms-10. The linkage intensity of ms-10 and Prx-2 (1.5 cM) suggests that Prx-2 might provide a selectable marker for male-sterility. In accordance with this idea, the ms-10 allele was placed in cis with a rare-allele of Prx-2 (Prx-21). Selection on the basis of the codominant Prx-21 allele should allow for more rapid and efficient transfer of the recessive male sterile allele into an array of genetic backgrounds, thus promoting its use in hybrid seed production.
Support for a Multi-Level Evaluation Framework in Hospitality Training

ABSTRACT Upwards of $200 billion in training investments are made annually by companies across North America. When evaluation of that training is conducted, many companies employ some feature of Kirkpatrick's multi-level training evaluation framework to assess participants' reactions, learning outcomes, and transfer of training. However, some scholars caution that assumptions about a hierarchical relationship among the evaluation levels are unfounded, which could render the training evaluation method suspect. This study field tested the multi-level hierarchy assumption in the context of an international lodging company's training intervention. Unambiguous evidence supported that the levels are positively correlated, suggesting a hierarchical relationship. Such a relationship might allow companies to improve efficiencies of future training evaluation.
Atomic parity violation as a probe of new physics.

Effects of physics beyond the standard model on electroweak observables ares studied using the Peskin-Takeuchi isospin-conserving, S, and -breaking, T, parametrization of ``new'' quantum loop corrections. Experimental constraints on S and T are presented. Atomic parity-violating experiments are shown to be particularly sensitive to S with existing data giving S=-2.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1. That constraint has important implications for generic technicolor models which predict S\ensuremath{\simeq}0.1${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{T}}$${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{D}}$ (${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{T}}$ is the number of technicolors, ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{D}}$ is the number of technidoublets).
Robotic transaxillary endocrine surgery: a comparison with conventional open technique.

Robotic transaxillary (RT) endocrine surgery may improve cosmetic outcomes. We report our initial experience in RT thyroid and parathyroid surgery and the associated learning curve, and compare early surgical outcomes to those of open thyroidectomy (OT) and focal parathyroidectomy (FP). A prospective database review identified patients who had undergone RT endocrine surgery. A case-matched group who underwent OT or FP was also identified. Demographics, histopathology, operative outcomes, and follow-up data were collected. Groups were compared using Student’s t test and the χ2 test. Fifteen RT procedures were performed: 11 RT thyroidectomies (6 total, 5 lobectomies) and 4 RT parathyroidectomies (2 focal, 2 unilateral), representing 5.9% and 2.2% of thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies performed. The OT group contained 16 patients (13 totals, 3 lobectomies). The FP group contained 12 patients. There was no significant difference in age, gender, BMI, pathology, or complications between the groups. Mean operating time was significantly longer in the RT group (232 vs. 109 min, P = 0.0002) as was mean incision length (6 vs. 3.6 cm, P < 0.0001). No RT procedures were converted and no major complications occurred. Operating time decreased significantly over consecutive cases demonstrating a learning curve. RT thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy can be performed safely by specialist endocrine surgeons, early in their learning curve, without an increased complication rate, albeit with significantly longer operating times.
Transoral laser microsurgery as primary treatment for advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer: A united states multicenter study

Background. Nonsurgical modalities are some- times advocated as the standard of care for advanced oropha- ryngeal tumors. Oncologic and functional results have been modest. The aim of our study was to evaluate outcomes of a minimally invasive approach, using transoral laser microsur- gery (TLM) as the primary treatment for advanced oropharyn- geal carcinoma. Methods. A prospectively assembled database of 204 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages III and IV tonsil or tongue base cancer, treated primar- ily with TLM during 1996-2006 at 3 centers with minimum 2- year follow-up was analyzed. Survival, locoregional control, and swallowing status were recorded. Results. Mean follow-up was 49 months and 79.4% of patients were alive. Three-year overall survival, disease-spe- cific survival, and disease-free survival were 86%, 88%, and 82%, respectively. Local control was 97%, and 87% of patients had normal swallowing or episodic dysphagia. Conclusions. TLM as a primary treatment for advanced oropharyngeal malignancy confers excellent survival and swal- lowing proficiency. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 33: 1683-1694, 2011
Kainate Seizures Cause Acute Dendritic Injury and Actin Depolymerization In Vivo

Seizures may cause brain injury via a variety of mechanisms, potentially contributing to cognitive deficits in epilepsy patients. Although seizures induce neuronal death in some situations, they may also have "nonlethal" pathophysiological effects on neuronal structure and function, such as modifying dendritic morphology. Previous studies involving conventional fixed tissue analysis have demonstrated a chronic loss of dendritic spines after seizures in animal models and human tissue. More recently, in vivo time-lapse imaging methods have been used to monitor acute changes in spines directly during seizures, but documented spine loss only under severe conditions. Here, we examined effects of secondary generalized seizures induced by kainate, on dendritic structure of neocortical neurons using multiphoton imaging in live mice in vivo and investigated molecular mechanisms mediating these structural changes. Higher-stage kainate-induced seizures caused dramatic dendritic beading and loss of spines within minutes, in the absence of neuronal death or changes in systemic oxygenation. Although the dendritic beading improved rapidly after the seizures, the spine loss recovered only partially over a 24 h period. Kainate seizures also resulted in activation of the actin-depolymerizing factor, cofilin, and a corresponding decrease in filamentous actin, indicating that depolymerization of actin may mediate the morphological dendritic changes. Finally, an inhibitor of the calcium-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, antagonized the effects of seizures on cofilin activation and spine morphology. These dramatic in vivo findings demonstrate that seizures produce acute dendritic injury in neocortical neurons via calcineurin-dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting novel therapeutic targets for preventing seizure-induced brain injury.
A Guided Tour of Minimal Indices and Shortest Descriptions

The set of minimal indices of a Goedelnumbering f is defined as MIN = {e: (for all i > e)[f_i is different from f_e]}. It has been known since 1972 that MIN is Turing equivalent to 0'''', but beyond this MIN has remained mostly uninvestigated. This thesis collects the scarce results on MIN from the literature and adds some new observations including that MIN is autoreducible, but neither regressive nor (1,2)-computable. We also study several variants of MIN that have been defined in the literature like size-minimal indices, shortest descriptions, and minimal indices of decision tables. Some challenging open problems are left for the adventurous reader.
Equity, externalities and energy subsidies The case of kerosine in Indonesia☆

Abstract This paper examines two arguments used to justify the subsidy provided kerosine, the primary commercial fuel of Indonesian households. One argument holds that the subsidy reduces deforestation externalities resulting from wood gathering. Econometric analysis of a large cross-section of households finds that firewood/kerosene substitution is very limited in Java, where the deforestation problem is most severe, so that kerosene subsidy is not an effective means of alleviating the problem. The second argument holds that social equity requires the subsidization of ‘basic needs’ such as kerosene. It is found that the kerosene subsidy disproportionately benefits urban and wealthier households.
NMDA-receptor mediated electrical epileptogenesis in the organotypic culture of rat hippocampus.

Extracellular field recordings were made in CA1 in the hippocampal explant cultures in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Schaffer collaterals were stimulated with 1-s trains of 60 Hz pulses every 10 min. Seizures were reliably elicited with progressive lengthening over 1–2 h. d-APV, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, stereoselectively biocked the development of seizures. Thus we have demonstrated that in vitro epileptogenesis occurs in hippocampal explant cultures through NMDA receptor mediated mechanisms.
Effects of Faraday rotation on backscatter signatures in SAR image data

The effect of Faraday rotation on spaceborne polarimetric SAR measurements is addressed. Single-polarized, dual- polarized and quad-polarized backscatter measurements subject to Faraday rotation are modeled. It is shown that due to Faraday rotation, the received signal includes other polarization characteristics of the surface. Techniques are developed to detect the presence of Faraday rotation in dual-polarized and quad-polarized SAR data. Finally, a novel approach for the correction (or calibration) of linearly polarized fully polarimetric data for Faraday rotation, to recover the `true' scattering matrix, is presented.
Entity centric query expansion for enterprise search

Enterprise search is important, and the search quality has a direct impact on the productivity of an enterprise. Many information needs of enterprise search center around entities. Intuitively, information related to the entities mentioned in the query, such as related entities, would be useful to reformulate the query and improve the retrieval performance. However, most existing studies on query expansion are term-centric. In this paper, we propose a novel entity-centric query expansion framework for enterprise search. Specifically, given a query containing entities, we first utilize both unstructured and structured information to find entities that are related to the ones in the query. We then discuss how to adapt existing feedback methods to use the related entities to improve search quality. Experiment results show that the proposed entity-centric query expansion strategy is more effective to improve the search performance than the state-of-the-art pseudo feedback methods on longer, natural language-like queries with entities.
FAST IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR FULLY 3D MULTISPECTRAL OPTICAL BIOLUMINESCENCE TOMOGRAPHY

We investigate fast iterative image reconstruction methods for fully 3D multispectral optical bioluminescence tomography where inhomogeneous optical properties are modeled using the finite element method (FEM). We compare two approaches to incorporating the forward model into the solution of the inverse problem. In the direct calculation approach we compute the full forward model by repeated solution of the PEM problem, once for each potential source location. In the on-the-fly approach, we do not explicitly solve for the full forward model. Instead, the solution to the forward problem is included implicitly in the formulation of the inverse problem, and the FEM is solved once at each iteration for the current image estimate. In both approaches we use reordered Cholesky factorization and substitution (CFS) to solve the FEM problem. We compare the computation cost of these two approaches, concluding that the on-the-fly approach can lead to substantial reductions in cost when combined with a rapidly converging iterative algorithm