cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Key Notes on Plastic Surgery

Adrian Richards and Hywel Dafydd, Key Notes on Plastic Surgery, Second Edition . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. ISBN-10: 1444334344, ISBN-13: 978-1444334340. $105.00. ![Graphic][1] Key Notes on Plastic Surgery, Second Edition is the follow up to Adrian Richards' effort to distill the essentials of plastic surgery into a concise reference for high-yield review, aimed primarily towards the trainee. Adrian Richards, a plastic surgeon from the United Kingdom (UK), published the well-received first edition in 2002 and now offers a timely update. Hywell Dafydd, a hand specialist in Wales, joins Richards in this second edition to coauthor the update. Numbering nearly 600 pages, the update is almost twice the size of the original. Ten chapters cover the breadth of plastic surgery: General Principles; Skin and Soft Tissue Lesions; The Head and Neck; The Breast and Chest Wall; The Upper Limb; The Lower Limb; The Trunk and Urogenital System; Burns; Aesthetic Surgery; and Ethics, the Law, and Statistics. The previous chapter on Microsurgery has been absorbed into other sections as appropriate and a new chapter on Ethics, the Law, and Statistics was added. The … Corresponding Author: Dr Jason Roostaeian, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 465, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. E-mail: jasonroostaeian{at}mednet.ucla.edu [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
A Case Study Examining Formative Assessment in a Postsecondary English Language Program

A CASE STUDY EXAMINING FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN A POSTSECONDARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAM By Divya Varier, B.A., B.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Education at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Dr. James McMillan, Professor, Foundations of Education This study examined the formative assessment practices of three teachers in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms using a sociocultural theoretical framework. The study was conducted in a postsecondary ESL setting at a large public university in the southeastern United States. Using an embedded mixed methods design, this study employed teacher interviews and classroom observations to address the overarching question: What individual and contextual factors are present in the formative assessment practices of participant ESL teachers? The study also explored the relationship between student metacognitive judgments of learning (JOL) and performance with the purpose of informing formative assessment practice. To this end, 51 students responded to pre and post surveys on their metacognitive beliefs and judgments of learning questionnaires prior to three unit tests. Summary reports of students’ JOL were provided to teachers for their review and use. Findings showed teachers in this ESL setting engaged in a variety of formative assessment techniques; successful implementation of their techniques were influenced by their instructional style and student attributes like attendance, class participation, and students’ academic or educational experiences. Findings also indicated the central role of assessments in this context that provided ample opportunity for formative assessment. Overall, findings point to the value of using a sociocultural theoretical lens to examine the nature of factors affecting teachers’ formative assessment practice. With regard to the use of metacognitive judgments of learning in formative assessment, findings showed a mixed relationship between student JOL and performance, and there was no change in students’ metacognitive beliefs about writing over the duration of the semester. Although teachers did not use the JOL information in their instruction, they attributed inaccuracies in judgments to students’ achievement level. These findings are limited by implementation issues and sample size. Further study is needed to understand the nature of postsecondary ESL students’ JOL in authentic assessment situations and their applicability in the formative assessment process.
Symmetry Detection of 3D Objects

Developing realistic three-dimensional stimuli is an integral part of research on visual perception and cognition, including implicit and explicit forms of visual memory, symmetry perception, object recognition, and perceptual categorization. This is particularly important for object representation research because many theories that were developed with simplified two-dimensional stimuli turned out to be insufficient when tested with three-dimensional stimuli. In two experiments, we examined symmetry perception of naturalistic three-dimensional stimuli. The results indicate that symmetry perception for three-dimensional stimuli involves different processes from those employed for simple two-dimensional stimuli. Appendices include an archive of 3D stimuli created by 3D Studio Max (3ds Max) and a brief tutorial of the program geared for the construction of 3D stimuli for behavioral experiments.
Synthesis and catalysis of location-specific cobalt nanoparticles supported by multiwall carbon nanotubes for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Cobalt nanoparticles located on the concave internal surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Co-in-MW-CNTs) and the convex external surface of MW-CNTs (Co-on-MW-CNTs) were synthesized. Their catalytic performances in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) were investigated. A correlation between the location, pretreatment, and surface chemistry of the cobalt nanoparticles and the catalytic selectivity in FTS was built. It is found that the selectivity in production of C5+ molecules through FTS on cobalt catalysts supported by MW-CNTs depends on activation temperatures and surface chemistry of the cobalt nanoparticles. A pretreatment at 300 °C in H2 flow results in a different surface chemistry for Co-in-MW-CNTs than for Co-on-MW-CNTs, which leads to a difference in selectvity to the production of C5+ molecules. Pretreatment at a relatively high temperature, 400 °C, in H2 flow produces completely reduced Co nanoparticles in Co-in-MW-CNTs and Co-on-MW-CNTs. There is no signifcant difference in catalytic selectivi...
Respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants and development of childhood asthma.

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection is implicated in asthma development. RSV immunoprophylaxis during infancy is efficacious in preventing RSV-related hospitalizations and has been associated with decreased wheezing in the first years of life. Objective We investigated whether greater adherence to immunoprophylaxis in infants at high risk for severe RSV would be associated with decreased childhood asthma. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation including children born from 1996-2003 who were enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California or Tennessee Medicaid and eligible to receive RSV immunoprophylaxis. Asthma was defined at 4.5 to 6 years of age by using asthma-specific health care visits and medication fills. We classified children into immunoprophylaxis eligibility groups and calculated adherence (percentage receipt of recommended doses). We used a set of statistical strategies (multivariable logistic regression and propensity score [PS]–adjusted and PS-matched analyses) to overcome confounding by medical complexity because infants with higher adherence (≥70%) have higher prevalence of chronic lung disease, lower birth weight, and longer nursery stays. Results By using multivariable logistic regression and PS-adjusted models in the combined group, higher adherence to RSV immunoprophylaxis was not associated with decreased asthma. However, in PS-matched analysis, treated children with 70% or greater adherence had decreased odds of asthma compared with those with 20% or less adherence (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50-0.78). Conclusions This investigation of RSV immunoprophylaxis in high-risk children primarily found nonsignificant associations on prevention of asthma in specific preterm groups. Our findings highlight the need for larger studies and prospective cohorts and provide estimates of potential preventive effect sizes in high-risk children.
Electronic States and Absorption of Light in a Lemniscate Shaped Quantum Dot Molecule

In the framework of adiabatic approximation the electronic states and direct interband absorption of light in the double quantum dot molecule (QDM) having a shape of Cassini lemniscate revolution are discussed for modeling of highly selective and sensitive biochemical detectors based on a charge transfer between non-organic nanoceramic structure and analyte molecules. Analytical expressions for the wave functions and energy spectrum of the electron in the QDM are treated taking into account difference of the effective masses of the electron in different spatial directions. The split of the energy levels due to the possibility of the electron tunneling between quantum dots (QDs) in the molecule is revealed. The corresponding selection rules of quantum transitions for the direct interband absorption of light are obtained. The absorption threshold behavior characteristics depending on the QDs geometrical sizes and the width of the QDs connecting region are also revealed.
Security Evaluation of Innovative Sharing Resources in Regional Technological Alliance

This paper builds a novel framework of cooperative innovation system in regional technological alliance based on analysis of plenty of domestic and foreign patents in the past five years using the alliance theory.The security issues of sharing resources are discussed at first.Then the distributed-access control management system in regional technical alliance(RTA) and the trust evaluation methods between partners are proposed.A followed example proves that the method has enough practicality and effectiveness.
Percutaneous antegrade approach to ureteral calculi.

SUMMARY Using the percutaneous techniques described here, antegrade ureteral calculus extraction has been successful in more than 90 per cent of reported cases. 1 , 4 , 9 , 19 Thus, stones in the proximal two thirds of the ureter that cannot be managed with standard retrograde techniques alone or in combination with ESWL or that are associated with large renal calculi can be removed with low morbidity by percutaneous methods and endourologic techniques.
Abandoning M1/M2 for a Network Model of Macrophage Function

The heart and blood vessels of a healthy individual contain resident immune cells, the majority of which are macrophages that have seeded these organs early in the development. In the mouse, ≈10% of noncardiomyocytes are macrophages,1,2 and humans may have comparable numbers.1 After myocardial infarction, macrophage numbers increase in the heart through the combined effects of massive recruitment of bone marrow–derived cells and local self-renewal.1,3 Likewise, in atherosclerosis, the chronic lipid–driven inflammatory disease that is the underlying cause of myocardial infarction, macrophage numbers increase in the vessel wall, again because of recruitment and local proliferation.4 Although many of these insights have been generated in mouse models, compelling evidence from genome-wide association studies have associated innate immunity mediators with myocardial infarction,5 whereas prospective human studies have shown that blood monocyte levels can predict cardiovascular events in patients.6 During the past decade, multiple studies have challenged and, in some cases, dismantled old assumptions about macrophage origins and functions. Many reviews and opinion pieces7–19—some of them our own20–23—have been written on the subject because the various communities interested in macrophage biology seek to contextualize the findings into a coherent narrative. We now know that, in the steady state, arterial24 and cardiac1,25–27 macrophages are mostly independent of monocytes, but in response to an inflammatory trigger, such as myocardial infarction or high-fat diet, monocyte-derived cells accumulate and differentiate to self-renewing macrophages.3,4,28,29 We also know that macrophage function goes far beyond phagocytosis. Because they reside in nearly every organ, macrophages respond and adapt to their local surroundings, and their noncanonical activities reflect their flexibility. From iron recycling in the spleen30,31 and synaptic …
Measuring and Managing Energy in OpenPOWER

This paper presents the design and implementation of energy measurement and management features found in OpenPOWER systems. The firmware and its ecosystem are open source to allow the community to extend the capabilities.
The Petroglyphs of Tumamoc Hill

ABSTRACTApproximately 460 Hohokam petroglyphs from Tumamoc Hill (AZ AA: 16:6), a “fortified” hill (trincheras) just west of Tucson, are discussed. A new style of prehistoric rock art—Hohokam Scratched style—is described. Dating, typologies, analyses, and interpretations of petroglyphs are discussed for Tumamoc Hill in particular, for Tumamoc Hill as compared to other Tucson Basin petroglyph sites, and to Hohokam rock art in general.
Stochastic economic evaluation of dairy farm reproductive performance

Kalantari, A. S. and Cabrera, V. E. 2015. Stochastic economic evaluation of dairy farm reproductive performance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 59–70. The objective of this study was to assess the economic value of reproductive performance in dairy farms under uncertain and variable conditions. Consequently, the study developed methods to introduce stochasticity into transition probabilities of a Markov chain model. A robust Markov chain model with 21-d stage length and three state variables, parity, days in milk, and days in pregnancy, was developed. Uncertainty was added to all transition probabilities, milk production level, and reproductive costs. The model was run for 10 000 replications after introducing each random variable. The expected net return (US$ cow−1 yr−1±standard deviation) was $3192±75.0 for the baseline scenario that had 15% 21-d pregnancy rate (21-d PR). After verifying the model's behavior, it was run for 2000 replications to study the effect of changing 21-d PR from 10 to 30% with one-unit-p...
Immune Environment of Cutaneous Malignancies

The ability of cutaneous malignancies to develop and progress involves a complex interplay with the local immune environment. Multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms underlie the ability of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma to evade immune detection. These mechanisms include a modulation of the gene profiles of these cancers, which populations of immune cells are present and which cytokines are produced in the immune microenvironment. With squamous cell carcinoma, the gene expression and cytokine profile show an immunosuppressed microenvironment, along with functionally compromised dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages being present in the tumor microenvironment. Basal cell carcinoma also achieves immune evasion with an immunosuppressed microenvironment, as seen by the Th2 dominant cytokine profile and the presence of regulatory T cells. Immunosuppressed transplant patients have increased incidence of and more aggressive non-melanoma skin cancers due to the altered immune microenvironment, with modified T cell populations and ratios and pro-tumoral cytokines. Melanoma, despite its immunogenicity, displays a number of immune suppressive mechanisms, such as impaired antigen-presenting cell maturation, T cell anergy, the induction and recruitment of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The understanding of the immune microenvironment of cutaneous malignancies is crucial, as it affords many potential targets for therapeutic options.
Cultural competence for global research and development: Implications for school and educational psychology

This article proposes a reconceptualization of cultural competence to facilitate development and adaptation of interventions relevant to local systems of meaning, knowledge, and action. Included in this model of cultural competence are three components: intercultural competence, culturally sensitive research methods, and rights-respecting research. Intercultural competence refers to the ability to engage in co-construction, or negotiation, of shared understandings of key stakeholders. Culturally sensitive research involves the use of mixed qualitative–quantitative methods to ensure understanding of the local culture and context through the voices of key stakeholders. Rights-respecting research is grounded in universal human and child rights that embody agency and participation of key stakeholders, including children. The article concludes with a discussion of implications of the cultural competence model for preparing school and educational psychologists to engage in global research and development.
Public Procurement in the United States

A decade ago, there were valid concerns regarding the limited emphasis that was being placed on public procurement within scholarly literature and within the policy discourse. This is no longer the case. The latter, however, has perhaps been motivated more by necessity due austere financial and budgetary constraints, than by strategically nurtured interest in the area. Overall, it could be argued, that while we have made authentic progress in our understanding of the intricate dynamics of public procurement, there are still lesson to be learned before we could recognize a habitual practice of procurement excellence. This chapter addresses these types of lessons through a discussion of the public procurement in United States.
Restoring the Dental Implant: The Biological Determinants

Dental implants should be considered as medical devices with an understanding that they behave in a very different way to the body part they replace—namely, the natural tooth. Implants have a soft tissue attachment mechanism to titanium that is a simple hemi-desmosomal cellular one; there is a lack of cementum so direct connective tissue fiber bundle attachment does not exist. The result is a system more vulnerable to insult from trauma than a healthy natural tooth.
Geometric reachability analysis for grasp planning in cluttered scenes for varying end-effectors

This paper presents a geometric approach to identify a complete set of object subsurfaces in a cluttered scene, which permit an end-effector to approach and grasp the object. This work proposes the motion constraint graph (mcg) representation for this purpose. It is able to efficiently reason about the space of permissible end-effector poses by placing constraints on the hand's configuration space. These constraints account for the surface area of contact points, end-effector kinematics, as well as collisions with objects in the scene. For a given end-effector and an arbitrary scene, it is possible to formulate and solve a constraint satisfaction problem to compute the set of reachable subsurfaces, which permit valid grasps. The proposed approach is general, and is applicable to any kind of scene geometry, such as arbitrarily cluttered scenes and curved surfaces, as well as complex end-effectors with multiple degrees of freedom. In simulation experiments, the approach increases the success rate of grasp planning, while also reducing total online planning time at the cost of a small amount of precomputation. This approach defines a framework that can be applied in a variety of contexts, from accelerating grasp planning, pruning existing grasping databases, to identifying optimal end-effector designs for a given scene.
Disrupting Whitestream Measures of Quality Teaching: The Community Cultural Wealth of Teachers of Color

abstractDiscussions of teacher preparation, qualifications, and effectiveness are at the heart of increasing attacks on public education. In this article, we contribute to the growing body of liter...
A Web-based review of sexual and reproductive health services available at colleges and universities in Georgia.

Objective: Although two-thirds of graduating high school seniors attend college or university in the U.S., there is a paucity of national or state specific research regarding SRH services available...
Controlling for Import Price Effects in Civil War Regressions

Several studies estimate the effects of commodity export prices on economic outcomes, such as conflict and democratic transitions. In this note, we argue that it is important to control for the effects of import prices due to two reasons. First, economic theory predicts that both import and export prices affect the economy’s performance, which can, in turn, affect its conflict propensity. Second, the facts that import prices might affect the conflict risk and that import and export prices can be correlated imply that the failure to control for import price effects can bias the export price coefficients. We illustrate these points using the dataset and one of the regression specifications in a recent civil war study.
Lectures on Hadron-Nucleus Collisions at High-Energies

Hadron-nucleus collisions are discussed. It is assumed that the hadron energy is greater than or equal to 200 GeV and that large nuclei like lead or uranium constitute the nuclear targets. It is argued that a relatively large amount of blackness in hadron-nucleus cross sections puts strong constraints on the inclusive spectrum. Reasons are given why the spectrum of fast particles in a hadron-nucleus collision must be very different than such a spectrum in a hadron-hadron collision. A possible reconciliation of an approximate Glauber expansion with the Regge pole expansion in a soft field theory is suggested.
An approach to formalize the dynamics of complex computer systems for subsequent simulation and sustainability analysis

Globalization creates many challenges for the society, as well as for various technologies including computer systems. On the basis of the international higher education sustainable development initiative we considered sustainability of computer systems in universities as a response to globalization. Sustainability analysis requires an improved understanding of potential bottlenecks of the system dynamics. We identified computer systems of higher education as Multifunction Complex Computer Systems (MCCS) and proposed a formalization of their dynamics within a hierarchy of models. At the low level of the hierarchy we propose using propositional logic in order to formalize the system dynamics. At the top level of the hierarchy we propose creating an MCCS simulation model in order to conduct the sustainability analysis.
γδ T Cells, Tea and Cancer

Environmental factors play an important role in the development of cancer. Tea, one of the most popular beverages in the world, has shown to have anti-cancer effects as well as have protective effects against cancer development. Recent studies have shown that components present in tea could activate the immune system, particularly γδ T cells, which is an important component of both innate and adaptive immune system. As a first line of defense against tumors, the activation of immune system is important to provide necessary preventive measures against tumor. In this chapter, we focus on the mechanism of γδ T cell-mediated recognition of antigens, and delineate the mechanisms, by which tea product can activate γδ T cells to facilitate cancer prevention activities.
Substituent Effects on the Methylenecyclopropane Rearrangement. A Probe for Free Radical Effects.

The thermal rearrangement of 3-aryl-2, 2-dimethylmethylenecyclopropanes, 7, is described. This reaction, which proceeds by way of a singlet trimethylenemethane biradical, is used as a probe for free radical substituent effects. The effect of third row elements is described. The methylenecyclopropane rearrangement of related systems is subject to captodative rate enhancements. The captodative effect appears to be a useful criterion for establishing the donor or acceptor properties of various groups which can act as free radical stabilizing groups.
Self-Assembly of Nanoparticle Building Blocks

This chapter provides an overview of recent experimental and simulations work in the self-assembly of nanoparticles into structured materials. The self-assembly of nanoparticle building blocks through substrate assembly, interfacial assembly, and template-assisted assembly is discussed. Nanoparticle-assembled capsules are highlighted as an example of template-assisted assembly. The effects of nanoparticle dimensionality, shape, and composition are discussed, with quantum dot tetrapods as a material of interest. The computational approach to nanoparticle self-assembly is reviewed and assessed.
Nonlinear Guidance Laws for Trajectory Tracking over a Mobile Communication Network applied to Unmanned Ground Vehicles

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology (theory with experimental verification) for control of a wheeled rover vehicle using a cyber-physical system architecture, nonlinear control, and a novel optimal trajectory design. An optimal trajectory with an acceleration limit is used to generate a reference for the rover to follow. A nonlinear backstepping-like guidance law is derived to generate speed and steering commands to drive the vehicle along the desired trajectory. The efficacy of the overall approach is demonstrated using several experimental runs using a wheeled rover augmented with GPS, compass, wheel encoders.
Of molecules, memories and migration: M1 acetylcholine receptors facilitate spatial memory formation and recall during migratory navigation.

Many animals use complex cognitive processes, including the formation and recall of memories, for successful navigation. However, the developmental and neurological processes underlying these cogni...
La synthèse d’antennes à deux réflecteurs conformés à alimentation décalée

Les auteurs presentent une methode pour augmenter le gain d’une grande antenne Cassegrain pour station terrienne et le rendre comparable a celui d’une antenne a deux reflecteurs de forme optimale. Cette methode consiste a modifier uniquement le sous-reflecteur (ou reflecteur secondaire) ou a introduire une source d’illumination a sous-reflecteurs pour un paraboloide. On synthetise alors un couple de sous-reflecteurs a alimentation decalee, ce qui permet de corriger la distribution en amplitude sur l’ouverture du grand paraboloide et d’obtenir ainsi un gain eleve. Cette methode de synthese est basee sur une formulation approchee ou l’energie (au sens de l’optique geometrique) est rayonnee a partir d’un sous-reflecteur puis d’un deuxieme grand reflecteur reflechissant une distribution uniforme en phase. Dans le cas presente ici (antenne a deux reflecteurs a alimentation decalee), le champ electromagnetique, apres deux reflexions, se presente sous la forme d’une onde spherique eclairant, a son tour, soit un hyperboloide, soit directement un paraboloide. D’excellents resultats sont presentes pour la synthese approchee de ces sources d’illumination.
Industry Sponsorship of University Research [White Hot]

Reports on the publication of the Power Sources Manufacturers Association's 2019 Edition of the Power Technology Roadmap (PTR). The 2019 edition of the PTR included a new section that asked universities to describe the areas and topics in power electronics they expected to be researching in the next three to five years. The idea behind this effort is that the many research projects in university labs will eventually become product development projects in company labs. By identifying the research that will be undertaken in the next few years, companies can start making longer-term plans for the people and resources needed to support the development and production of new types of products.
Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADS): History, Clinical Application and Complications

Congestive heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a major health care cost in the developed world. Despite the introduction of highly effective heart failure medical therapies and simple devices such as cardiac resynchronization therapy that reduce mortality, improve cardiac function and quality of life, there remains a large number of patients who do not respond to these therapies or whose heart failure progresses despite optimal therapy. For these patients, cardiac transplantation is an option but is limited by donor availability as well as co-morbidities which may limit survival post-transplant. For these patients, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) offer an alternative that can improve survival as well as exercise tolerance and quality of life. These devices have continued to improve as technology has improved with substantially improved durability of the devices and fewer post-implant complications. Pump thrombosis, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding and arrhythmias post-implant have become less common with the newest devices, making destination therapy where ventricular assist device are implanted permanently in patients with advanced heart failure, a reality and an appropriate option for many patients. This may offer an opportunity for long term survival in many patients. As the first of the totally implantable devices are introduced and go to clinical trials, LVADs may be introduced that may truly be alternatives to cardiac transplantation in selected patients. Post-implant right ventricular failure remains a significant complication and better ways to identify patients at risk as well as to manage this complication must be developed.
A PROM pilot in GI oncology clinic: Outcomes and lessons in real-world implementation.

202Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) can prolong survival, improve quality of life and reduce ED visits. However, implementation of PROM into practice is challenging. We present ...
COMET neutronics solutions to the prismatic VHTR benchmark problem

Abstract Recently, the hybrid stochastic deterministic coarse mesh radiation transport method COMET for whole core criticality calculations was extended to treat the energy variable continuously consistent with its treatment of the rest of the phase space variables. In this paper, a surface-dependent asymptotic spectrum expansion scheme was used by the continuous-energy COMET to obtain the transport solutions to a stylized Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) benchmark problem in which all levels of heterogeneity that are of reactor physics importance are preserved. Because of its complex geometry and material distribution, this benchmark problem is challenging to solve with deterministic neutronic methods, even those based on transport theory. The eigenvalue and the fuel pin fission density distribution for all control rods fully inserted and fully withdrawn configurations were compared to the corresponding values calculated by the continuous-energy Monte Carlo code MCNP. The agreement between the two codes was found to be excellent. The eigenvalue difference was 66 pcm for the uncontrolled configuration and 69 pcm for the controlled configuration. The corresponding average pin fission density differences were 0.36% and 0.53% for the uncontrolled and controlled configurations, respectively. It was also found that COMET is 4–5 orders of magnitude faster than MCNP. This indicates that COMET has continuous-energy Monte Carlo like accuracy but with formidable computational speed for solving problems with multiple levels of heterogeneity such as the VHTR problem.
MULTIPLE FORMS OF MAMMALIAN DNA-DEPENDENT DNA POLYMERASES

ABSTRACT. Aqueous subcellular fractionation experiments with murine testis, liver, and regenerating liver have revealed that the nuclear fraction contains a low molecular weight (3.5S) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase while two high molecular weight (6–8S) DNA-dependent DNA polymerases are present in the cytosol. The predominant cytoplasmic DNA polymerase from testis and liver is convertible by 0.25M KC1 to a form that appears similar to the nuclear 3.5S activity by the criteria of sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight, elution from phosphocellulose, and diverse enzymic properties. The conversion is reversible by dialysis and gel filtration. Reduced concentrations of salt (0.125M KC1) produce an active 4.7S DNA polymerase activity suggesting a monomer trimer relationship between one of the cytoplasmic DNA polymerases and the nuclear activity. The second high molecular weight cytoplasmic DNA polymerase does not change sedimentation coefficient in the presence of 0.25M KC1 and is found at greatly increased levels in regenerating liver.
Effects of temperature, soil moisture and light intensity on the temporal pattern of floral gene expression and flowering of avocado buds (Persea americana cv. Hass)

Abstract For ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.), low temperature is known to induce flowering, but effects of other environmental factors remain equivocal. In addition, documentation of interactions among environmental factors, floral gene expression and subsequent flower development is limited. Thus, in this research, the effects of environmental factors on the temporal expression patterns of genes related to flowering time, floral meristem identity and floral organ identity were quantified in buds relative to inflorescence number. ‘Hass’ avocado trees were subjected to four different environmental conditions: optimal growth condition (OGC) (warm temperature, well-watered, photosynthetic active radiation > 900 μmoles m–2 s–1), low temperature (LT), low soil moisture (LSM) or low light intensity (LLI) for 8 weeks, followed by OGC for 6 weeks. Bud expression of homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA2 (AP2), APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA.1 (PI.1), AGAMOUS.1 (AG.1) and AGAMOUS.3 (AG.3) were quantified over time. Only buds of LT-treated trees flowered. At the start of the experiment (week 0), buds of all trees expressed PaLFY, PaAP1 and PaAP2. After 4 weeks of treatment, bud PaAP1 expression was greater than in week 0 and continued to increase through week 8 only in LT-treated trees, whereas by week 8 PaLFY expression increased in LT- and LSM-treated trees. By week 10 (2 weeks after transfer to OGC), bud PaFT expression increased only in LT-treated trees, followed by activation of downstream floral organ identity genes PaAP3, PaPI.1, PaAG.1 and PaAG.3 by week 12. For OGC-, LSM- and LLI-treated trees, bud PaAP1, PaFT, PaAP3, PaPI.1 and PaAG.1 expression remained low, with PaAG.3 transcripts undetected at week 12. These trees did not flower. Among environmental factors tested, only LT increased bud expression of both PaLFY and PaAP1, which likely conferred floral meristem determinacy since transfer of LT-treated trees to OGC did not prevent flowering but activated PaFT, downstream floral organ identity genes, and flowering. The results suggest ‘Hass’ avocado floral development is promoted by low temperature-dependent floral induction and warm temperature-dependent floral organogenesis.
The Stage Against the Scaffold: French Adaptations of George Lillo’s London Merchant

This article considers French theatrical adaptations of George Lillo’s 1731 tragedy, The London Merchant, or, The History of George Barnwell. It asks how authors engaged with concepts of crime and ...
Abstract P283: Palliative and End-Of-Life Care After Left Ventricular Assist Device-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has a high mortality rate (up to 40% in some studies) with most deaths occurring after limitation of life-sustaining therapies. ICH is a feared complicatio...
Chemistry self-efficacy in lower-division chemistry courses: changes after a semester of instruction and gaps still remain between student groups

Chemistry self-efficacy (CSE) was identified as a critical affective construct to predict student success in chemistry classrooms. We surveyed students at the beginning and toward the end of a semester to measure students’ CSE beliefs in introductory and general chemistry courses at a Hispanic-serving institution in the United States. First, the relationships between CSE (initial and toward the end) and student achievement measured by course GPA were examined. Second, trends of changes in student CSE beliefs over a semester in relation to several aspects of student characteristics including course level, gender, underrepresented minority (URM) status were investigated. Lastly, the gaps in specific areas of CSE still remain between student groups after a semester of instruction were revealed. The results showed that CSE toward the end of the semester significantly predicted students’ course GPA in lower-division chemistry courses. Even though the CSE of different student groups all increased to some extent after a semester of instruction, the levels of changes were influenced significantly by certain factors such as course level and URM status but not gender. While URM students' CSE beliefs increased more than non-URM students after a semester of instruction, there were still gaps in certain areas between the two student groups. The remaining gaps in CSE beliefs between URM and non-URM students were found to be in the areas of interpreting chemical equations and choosing appropriate formulas to solve chemistry problems. Meanwhile, students who completed introductory chemistry still lagged behind in interpreting chemical equations as compared to students who completed general chemistry. Research literature related to these two specific areas in CSE with gaps between student groups was reviewed, instructional strategies and research directions along with theoretical perspectives for closing those equity gaps in college lower-division chemistry classrooms are discussed.
Disease and disaster: Navigating food insecurity in a community affected by crises during COVID-19

This exploratory study examines how a community experiencing food insecurity while navigating multiple crises can be a model to inform resources, processes, and systems supporting communities facing similar circumstances. Data for this study were collected from residents of a community in Oconee County, a rural county in the northwest corner of South Carolina experiencing pervasive food insecurity. The community was severely impacted by the onset of COVID-19 and further devastated by a tornado in mid-April. The area of the county that sustained the greatest damage from the tornado was the Utica Mill Hill community, home to the county’s most vulnerable population. This cascading series of events constituted a crisis-within-a-crisis for the community. In this study, we sought to learn more about community members’ experiences and the effects of the crises on com­munity members’ access to food. We conducted in-depth interviews with 14 residents living in the Utica Mill Hill community. The results provided insight into community members’ experiences of the crises and the nature of community-level response and recovery efforts. We learned about participants’ experiences with food insecurity, new food policy developments, and gained unexpected insight into community members’ experiences with mental health challenges related to the crises.
Evaluating users’ perceptions of a Main Street corridor: Before and after a Complete Street project

Abstract Introduction Over 1,600 municipalities in the U.S. have adopted Complete Streets (CS) policies to date. For urban planners, the design of CS projects is an opportunity to influence active transportation, transit use, and public health. For users, improved street designs can enhance community mobility and physical activity. To date, there are no practice standards related to CS initiatives, and the implementation of CS projects has not been rigorously studied. In response to this knowledge gap, the current study sought to capture the impact of a CS implementation project in a mid-sized U.S. city. Methods A post occupancy evaluation (POE) methodology compared a street corridor before and after it underwent significant street improvements aligned with CS. Convenience samples of pedestrians and bicyclists, both pre- and post-construction, completed a survey either in person using a paper-based survey or online at their convenience. Results Survey results (pre, n = 148 and post, n = 100) indicated that streetscape users post CS implementation rated the street as significantly more satisfactory than the pre-construction survey participants; frequent walkers reported increased perceived convenience and higher overall satisfaction. Post-construction participants were more likely to report there were sufficient crosswalks and pedestrian signals but faster traffic speeds. Overall, the CS project did not result in any changes to self-reported physical activity (i.e., walking and biking). Conclusion Findings indicated that CS projects can improve pedestrian satisfaction, but they do not necessarily guarantee positive outcomes or a change in health behaviors. New CS-related street features may create unexpected results such as perceptions of increased traffic speed. These findings call attention to context-specific design interventions and a need to educate drivers and pedestrians on novel design features.
The Greedy Algorithm

In this chapter we study a method for optimizing over certain set systems, the so-called greedy algorithm. More precisely, it is used for maximizing a weight function on so-called independence systems, the classical instance being the system of spanning forests of a graph. The greedy strategy is rather short-sighted: one always selects the element which seems best at the moment. In other words, among all the admissible elements, one chooses that with maximal weight and adds it to the solution being constructed. In general, this simple-minded strategy will not work, but for a certain class of structures playing a very important part in combinatorial optimization, the so-called matroids, it indeed leads to optimal solutions. Actually, matroids may even be characterized by the fact that the greedy algorithm works for them, but there are other possible definitions. We shall look at various other characterizations of matroids and also consider the notion of matroid duality. Following this, we will consider the greedy algorithm as an approximation method for maximization on independence systems which are not matroids. We examine the efficiency of this approach, that is, we derive bounds for the ratio between the solution given by the greedy algorithm and the optimal solution. We also look at the problem of minimization on independence systems. Finally, in the last section, we discuss some further generalizations of matroids and their relationship to the greedy algorithm.
Early discontinuation of intravenous antimicrobial therapy in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia.

There are no standard criteria for when to discontinue intravenous antimicrobial therapy (IVAMT) in children with febrile neutropenia (FN), but it is now common to discontinue IVAMT and discharge patients with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤ 500 /mm3. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a large cohort of children with FN who had IVAMT discontinued with an ANC ≤ 500 /mm3 A retrospective chart review was completed of patients in the Northern Alberta Children's Cancer Program with FN and no apparent clinical source of fever from June 1, 1997 to July 1, 2002. Out of a total of 275 patients, 127 (46%) had at least one episode of FN, with FN occurring in patients with sarcomas more commonly than in those with leukemia/ lymphoma and least in those with other solid tumors. In 59 of 276 episodes of FN (21%) patients had a microbiologically defined infection at admission. Of the 217 remaining episodes, 112 of 199 patients (56%) with known neutrophil counts had IVAMT discontinued before their absolute neutrophil count (ANC) reached 500 /mm3 at the discretion of the clinician. Fever recurred in only two of these patients after discharge, and there were no bacterial infections diagnosed after parenteral antibiotics were discontinued. Even without use of standard criteria for early discharge, clinicians appear to be skilled at selecting children with FN who can safely have IVAMT discontinued with an ANC ≤ 500 /mm3.
Modeling off-state leakage current of DG-SOI MOSFETs for low-voltage design

The Double-Gate (DG) SOI MOSFETs have generated substantial attention because of ideal subthreshold swing, high transconductance, and excellent short-channel effect. These merits make DG-SOI MOSFETs one of the candidates for low-power CMOS technology. However, off-state subthreshold leakage current is a major design challenge for this type of device, especially when V/sub th/ is scaled down to very low value (<0.3 V). An accurate model of the off-state leakage current is very important to technology projection and low-voltage device design. An analytical model of the off-state leakage current for DG SOI MOSFETs was proposed based on the drift-diffusion theory and the 2D channel potential along the Si-film center path. The model agrees well with the measured data. Implications were obtained from technology projection for low-voltage device design.
Lunar ejecta in heliocentric space

ABSTRACT Measurements of the flux of picogram dust particles in selenocentric, cislunar, and interplanetary space between 1.0 and 1.6 AU were made by cosmic dust experiments on Lunar Explorer 35 (LE35), Lunar Orbiters (LO), HEOS, Mariner IV (MIV) and Pioneers 8/9 between 1964 and 1974. The cumulative flux-mass distribution (CFMD) as a function of heliocentric range was determined from MIV data, and the CFMD in selenocentric space was determined by analysis of LE35 data. Evidence of lunar ejecta from impacts of interplanetary dust particles was found in the LE35 data. Results of recent laboratory studies of hypervelocity impact of micron-size simulated cosmic dust indicate that a major portion of the lunar ejecta escapes the earth-moon system and dwells in a very limited volume of heliocentric space that is symetrical with the ecliptic plane. The recent Gegenschein measurements eeported by Roosen show a maximum intensity in the ecliptic plane, but the intensity distribution is asymmetric. The possible relation of these observations to cosmic dust measurements is discussed.
Testing Unified X-ray - UV Absorber Models with NGC 5548

Intrinsic/Associated absorption systems in quasars have been well known but little understood for 20 years. X-ray and UV absorbers were never thought to be one and the same due to their apparently very different properties. The physical properties of the absorber cannot be understood by UV or X-ray studies alone. In fact, the ionization structure of the absorbers was not determined. This situation changed with recent results on 3C351 and 3C212. In 3C351, OVI absorption was observed in HST spectrum (Bahcall et al. 1993) and OVII/OVIII absorption in ROSAT spectrum (Fiore et al. 1993). Through detailed modeling they were found to originate in the same gas. This was the first confirmed X-ray/UV absorber (Mathur et al. 1994). The absorber was found to be highly ionized, outflowing, with high column density, low density and situated outside the BELR. Similar results were obtained for 3C212 (Mathur 1994).
A single blind comparison of lithium and lamotrigine for the treatment of bipolar II depression

Background Treatment studies are lacking for patients with bipolar II disorder (BDII). The objective of this study was to compare lamotrigine (LTG) and lithium (Li) monotherapy for the treatment of BDII depression.
Differentiation in human amniotic fluid cell cultures: chorionic gonadotropin production.

Two of the distinguishable cell classes subcultured from human amniotic fluid were examined for their capability to produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as determined by radioimmunoassay. The class that predominates in most cultures used for prenatal genetic diagnosis, previously termed AF (for amniotic fluid), secretes hCG into the culture medium. Dermal fibroblasts do not, nor does another type of cultured cell from amniotic fluid, previously termed F because of a resemblance to fibroblasts. Primary AF cultures produce more hCG than do subcultures. Evidence that this hormone is intact hCG is provided by its immunoreactivity with antisera raised against the β-subunit and against the intact molecule of hCG. Furthermore, a dose-response curve for hormone in culture medium is parallel to that of highly purified intact hCG. It is postulated that AF cultures are derived from fetal membranes and retain properties of trophoblast.