cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Increasing Access to Healthy Foods in Neighborhood Corner Stores

The feasibility of working with neighborhood corner stores to increase the availability of fresh fruit and vegetables in low-income neighborhoods in New Orleans was assessed. Household interviews and 24-hour dietary recalls (n = 97), corner store customer intercept interviews (n = 60) and interviews with corner store operators (owners/managers) (n = 12) were conducted in three neighborhoods without supermarkets. Regional produce wholesalers were contacted by phone. Results indicated that the majority of neighborhood residents use supermarkets or super stores as their primary food source. Those who did shop at corner stores typically purchased prepared foods and/or beverages making up nearly one third of their daily energy intake. Most individuals would be likely to purchase fresh fruit and vegetables from the corner stores if these foods were offered. Store operators identified cost, infrastructure and lack of customer demand as major barriers to stocking more fresh produce. Produce wholesalers did not see much business opportunity in supplying fresh produce to neighborhood corner stores on a small scale. Increasing availability of fresh fruit and vegetables in corner stores may be more feasible with the addition of systems changes that provide incentives and make it easier for neighborhood corner stores to stock and sell fresh produce.
Acceptor stem and anticodon RNA hairpin helix interactions with glutamine tRNA synthetase

Abstract The class I glutamine (Gln) tRNA synthetase interacts with the anticodon and acceptor stem of glutamine tRNA. RNA hairpin helices were designed to probe acceptor stem and anticodon stem-loop contacts. A seven-base pair RNA microhelix derived from the acceptor stem of tRNA Gln was aminoacylated by Gln tRNA synthetase. Variants of the glutamine acceptor stem microhelix implicated the discriminator base as a major identity element for glutaminylation of the RNA helix. A second RNA microhelix representing the anticodon stem-loop competitively inhibited tRNA Gln charging. However, the anticodon stem-loop microhelix did not enhance aminoacylation of the acceptor stem microhelix. Thus, transduction of the anticodon identity signal may require covalent continuity of the tRNA chain to trigger efficient aminoacylation.
Ewing sarcoma protein ewsr1 maintains mitotic integrity and proneural cell survival in the zebrafish embryo

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000979
Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in alcoholic patients who attempt suicide.

Reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid have been reported to be commonly associated with suicidal behaviour. Alcoholics are known to often manifest suicidal behaviour. Therefore, we compared cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites in alcoholics who had (n = 20) and had not (n = 108) attempted suicide and healthy volunteers (n = 30). There were no significant differences among the 3 groups for CSF levels of either 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid, norepinephrine, or the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. Language: en
Disruption of a Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein (PfMRP) Alters Its Fitness and Transport of Antimalarial Drugs and Glutathione

ATP-binding cassette transporters play an important role in drug resistance and nutrient transport. In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a homolog of the human p-glycoprotein (PfPgh-1) was shown to be involved in resistance to several drugs. More recently, many transporters were associated with higher IC50 levels in responses to chloroquine (CQ) and quinine (QN) in field isolates. Subsequent studies, however, could not confirm the associations, although inaccuracy in drug tests in the later studies could contribute to the lack of associations. Here we disrupted a gene encoding a putative multidrug resistance-associated protein (PfMRP) that was previously shown to be associated with P. falciparum responses to CQ and QN. Parasites with disrupted PfMRP (W2/MRPΔ) could not grow to a parasitemia higher than 5% under normal culture conditions, possibly because of lower efficiency in removing toxic metabolites. The W2/MRPΔ parasite also accumulated more radioactive glutathione, CQ, and QN and became more sensitive to multiple antimalarial drugs, including CQ, QN, artemisinin, piperaquine, and primaquine. PfMRP was localized on the parasite surface membrane, within membrane-bound vesicles, and along the straight side of the D-shaped stage II gametocytes. The results suggest that PfMRP plays a role in the efflux of glutathione, CQ, and QN and contributes to parasite responses to multiple antimalarial drugs, possibly by pumping drugs outside the parasite.
Irregular Pigmented Lesion on the Oral Mucosa

A woman in her 50s presented with a several-week history of asymptomaticdark lesionsonher lowermucosal lip.Thepatientwas not taking anymedications at the time the lesiondeveloped. Physical examination revealed brown to black coalescing irregular macules involving a largeportionof her lower labialmucosa (Figure, A). Nopigmented lesionswere seenonother areas of theoralmucosa, on the ocular mucosa, or on the skin or nails. An incisional punch biopsy specimen from a pigmented macule was submitted for histologicalexaminationwithroutinehematoxylin-eosinstaining(Figure, B). Fourteenweeks later thepatientwas seen for follow-up, and the pigmented macules on her lip had substantially regressed without treatment (Figure, C). A second incisional punch biopsy was performed at this time for repeated histological examination. What is your diagnosis?
Risk Sharing under Limited Commitment

In a model with capital accumulation, aggregate risk and competitive intermediaries, Abraham and Carceles-Poveda (2006) show that the constrained efficient allocations can be decentralized as a competitive equilibrium with endogenous borrowing limits that do not allow for default if one also imposes an upper limit on the intermediaries' capital holdings. Since it is difficult to find any empirical evidence of such restrictions, this paper characterizes the equilibrium with no capital accumulation constraints. In this case, we show that the borrowing limits that do not allow for default arise as an equilibrium outcome. We also find that capital accumulation is higher in the absence of accumulation constraints, since the intermediaries do not internalize that fact that a higher aggregate capital increases the incentives to default. In addition, agents may enjoy a higher welfare in the long run in spite of the fact that this allocation is not constrained efficient.
Coordinated Position Control of Multi-Axis Mechanical Systems

Position coordination of multi-axis mechanical systems is studied. Under the assumption that the coordination objective can be represented by smooth functions of the positions of the multiple axes control systems, a necessary coupling effect can be introduced to each axis by the proper choice of a Lyapunov-like function. The resulting control law requires the knowledge of the desired trajectories and their time derivatives as well as actual position and velocity information. Implementation of the proposed control algorithm on a CNC feed drive system shows significant improvement in dimensional accuracy during high speed contouring.
Population Pressure in Coastal Environments: An Archaeological Test

Abstract The question of the origins and development of maritime adaptations has engendered much recent debate concerning the relative roles of environmental change, technological evolution, population growth, and various cultural factors in this process. A major problem involves successfully testing causative explanations based on these factors on archaeological data. This paper presents a research design which will allow a test of one of these factors — population growth and pressure on resources — based on notions derived from optimal foraging theory. Preliminary data from the Casco Bay region of southwestern Maine (USA), used to test the model, suggest that continuous population growth and pressure on resources did exist in that region, based on (1) increasing use over time of less valuable resources, (2) increased culling of lower yield age‐ or size‐classes of various animal species, (3) more intensive use of marginally productive habitats, and (4) increased mobility costs associated with use of more...
CAMs and Igs: Cell Adhesion and the Evolutionary Origins of Immunity

The lymphoid system and cells of immunity are as morphologically well defined as those of any complex organ but in addition they show dynamic long-range interactions between the fluid tissues (lymphocytes, monocytes, etc.) and the solid, vascular and generative tissues and organs which they comprise. Given the observation that CAMs are present in epithelial components of lymphoid organs, it appears that, in their ontogeny, the organs of immunity will share a common principle of morphoregulation by CAMs with brains, feathers and other parts of the phenotype. As discussed here, this principle is a regulatory one operating across many levels of organization from the genes to tissues and back again (see Fig. 1). At some early point in the evolution of the immune system, a gene corresponding to an N-CAM precursor must have duplicated to provide a basis for the Ig superfamily with its increasing specializations for recognition and for cellular regulation during the immune response. Lymphocyte cellular families also developed later specializations (along with other leukocytes) for adhesive functions accessory to specific recognition. As far as we can see, the molecules for these accessory functions only remotely resemble CAMs, but closely resemble receptors for matrix molecules and SAMs. What CAMs and Ig superfamily members have in common is an evolutionary path and important roles in mediating complex regulatory responses that arise from cell-cell interactions. In the one case, this regulation leads to morphology, and in the other, to immune recognition. The first depends directly upon pattern (the formation of definite tissue structure); the regulation of the second also depends upon pattern to the extent that its function is dependent upon the morphology of lymphoid organs and vasculature. But although specific immune recognition depends locally upon adhesion through special mechanisms, it does not lead to morphology. One must not therefore impute too much in the physiological sense to the resemblance among brain molecules and molecules of the immune system. CAMs themselves are not directly histotypic at the level of individual differentiated cells but rather are used to link early tissue boundaries in induction and function in a wide variety of different tissues. As a consequence, N-CAM is central to the formation and maintenance of neural tissue but has a much wider tissue distribution and a fundamental role in very early embryogenesis as is the case with other primary CAMs. Thus, the immune system did not evolve from the nervous system, but from a cell adhesion system essential to both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Validity of self reported home safety practices

Objectives: To examine the validity of self reported data on parents' home safety practices of using smoke alarms and stair gates, and having syrup of ipecac. Setting: Families from a pediatric continuity clinic in a large, urban teaching hospital with infants from birth to 6 months were enrolled in the study. Methods: As part of a randomized controlled trial to promote home safety, parents' responses to personal interviews were compared to observations made in the respondents' homes two to four weeks after the interview. Positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity were computed and compared between the intervention and control group families. Results: Sensitivities were high among the four safety practices. Specificities were much lower and fell into a much wider range than sensitivities. The positive predictive values were low and the negative predictive values were high. No differences in these indicators of validity were found between intervention and control group families. Conclusions: If the main interest in an evaluation is on the relative difference between study groups, rather than the absolute value of the outcome measure, our results suggest that self reported data may be of acceptable validity. However, when assessing a patient's risk, clinicians need to recognize the problem of over-reporting of safety practices.
Triangular predominance-region diagrams for plutonium

Two predominance region diagrams can be prepared by plotting the equilibrium fractions of hexavalent vs. trivalent plutonium. The diagrams are differentiated by the species that predominate near their origins. Both diagrams have a curved boundary that separates permissible from forbidden oxidation-state combinations.
Humeral Head Replacement: When Half a Loaf Will Do

Humeral head replacement has been the mainstay of treatment for severely displaced three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures since the advent of shoulder arthroplasty. Other indications for humeral head replacement include the physiologically young patient with glenohumeral degenerative joint disease in which the surgeon wishes to preserve glenoid bone stock for future total shoulder arthroplasty and avascular necrosis with collapse of the humeral head and relative sparing of the glenoid. Additionally, humeral head replacement is an option in patients with glenohumeral arthrosis without sufficient glenoid bone stock for placement of a glenoid component.
Far‐field pattern of a coherently combined beam from large‐scale laser diode arrays

The far‐field pattern of a large‐scale amplifier array (LSAA) consisting of a large number (2000) of diode laser amplifiers is numerically simulated, and the power collection efficiencies are determined. Random distributions of phase mismatches, misorientations, and element failures in the LSAA system are considered. Phase mismatches and misorientations of the element amplifiers are found to be the most critical parameters of those affecting the power‐collection efficiency. Errors of 0.2λ and 25% for phase and diffraction angle, respectively, cause a 10% reduction in power‐collection efficiency. The results are used to evaluate the concept of space‐laser power transmission. It was found that an overall transmission efficiency of 80% could be realized with a 5‐m‐diam. receiver at a distance of 10 000 km when an LSAA transmitter 6 m in diam. is aimed with state‐of‐the‐art pointing accuracy.
KINETICS OF 2-HALOPYRIDINE SUBSTITUTION AT PENTAAMMINEAQUARUTHENIUM(II)

In this work, 2-halopyridines were found to have substitution rate constants greater than those for other substituted pyridines previously studied, suggesting an effect of ligand polarity on substitution rates. It was also found that nucleophilic attack on the 2-chloropyridine was catalyzed by binding to the ruthenium complex.
Comprehensive management of urinary incontinence through quality improvement efforts

This article provides a comprehensive examination of eight factors to analyze the potential and contributing causes of urinary incontinence (UI) in long-term care facilities. These factors can guide quality improvement committees to reduce the prevalence of UI. The eight factors--evidence-based practice, assessment, environment, education, staffing, communication, involvement, and evaluation/feedback--were identified through an analysis of 70 quality improvement plans developed by Minnesota nursing facilities and substantiated by the research literature.
Effects of relative humidity and yield on self-induced rainout from tactical nuclear explosions

We have studied the process of wet fallout from a tactical nuclear explosion due to scavenging of radioactivity by self-induced rain (rain produced by the explosion itself) using a numerical two- dimensional model of an axisymmetric cloud. Under mid-latitude summertime conditions and for yields of 20 to 100 kilotons, the model shows that self-induced rainout is not significant for low relative humidities, is very important for high relative humidities (> 80%), and is moderately important for relative humidities down to about 50%. When self-induced rainout occurs, it is heavy within a couple of kilometers of ground zero and peaks early in the episode. The model has successfully predicted observed radioac tive self-induced rainout for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki detona tions (both in the 20 kiloton range), and does not predict rain under conditions typical of U.S. tests in Nevada, where self-induced rainout has not been observed. The model is interesting as a hybrid of Eulerian and Lagrangian methods.
The link between Islamic banking and microfinancing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the link between Islamic banking and microfinancing.Design/methodology/approach – The approach used in this paper is first to describe the basic principles of Islamic banking and microfinancing and then to show the link between the two financial practices. In general, it is believed that the two practices are not compatible since microfinance allows interest payments on loans and Islamic banking prohibits interest payment based on Islamic law, sharia. Both practices, however, promote equality and fairness for all members of the society and encourage entrepreneurship by giving collateral‐free loans to the poor. The two practices, therefore, are ideologically linked. This paper shows that they are also practically linked.Findings – Islamic religious leaders usually dismiss microfinancing because microfinancing requires high‐interest rate which is against Islamic law. This paper finds that it is possible to combine the two practices and to convince Islamic relig...
Walking to Meet Physical Activity Guidelines in Knee Osteoarthritis: Is 10,000 Steps Enough?

Abstract Objective To study if step goals (eg, walking 10,000 steps a day) approximate meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Design Cross-sectional observational cohort. Setting Community. Participants People with or at high risk of knee OA (N=1788). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Objective physical activity data were collected over 7 consecutive days from people with or at high risk of knee OA participating in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Using activity monitor data, we determined the proportion that (1) walked ≥10,000 steps per day, (2) met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, and (3) achieved both recommendations. Results Of the subjects studied (mean age ± SD, 67±8y; mean body mass index ± SD, 31±6kg/m 2 ; 60% women), 16.7% of men and 12.6% of women walked ≥10,000 steps per day, while 6% of men and 5% of women met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Of those walking ≥10,000 steps per day, 16.7% and 26.7% of men and women, respectively, also met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Conclusions Among this sample of older adults with or at high risk of knee OA, walking ≥10,000 steps a day did not translate into meeting public health guidelines. These findings highlight the disparity between the number of steps believed to be needed per day and the recommended time-intensity guidelines to achieve positive health benefits.
Changes in total light scattering and absorption caused by changes in particle conformation

Abstract reversible changes in light transmission and scattering by cells and large subcellular particles (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts) have been widely observed. Such optical changes are presumably caused by subtle changes in particle conformation: changes in particle volume with no change in dry weight, and changes in internal structure. Mie's and van de Hulst's equations for homogeneous spheres are used to determine how total scattering and absorption by suspensions change when the particles swell or shrink by taking up or extruding water. It is found that if particle volume increases by 1% with no change in dry weight, log 10 (1/transmission) can decrease by as much as 2 3% or increase by as much as 2% depending on the initial particle parameters and wavelength. It is found that true absorption, the capture of energy, can increase by as much as 2 3% if particle volume increases 1%. A new method is proposed for determining the effects of internal particle structure on observable light fluxes. The method is used to predict the effects of some changes in internal particle structure on total scattering, as determined from transmission measurements, and on whole particle scattering, as determined by measurements of small angle scattering. It is found that when a particle becomes less homogeneous, large angle scattering should increase and small angle scattering should decrease. The net effect is to either increase or decrease suspension transmission depending on initial particle size and wavelength.
A Continuous Time Approximation to the Stationary First-Order Autoregressive Model

We consider the least-squares estimator in a strictly stationary first-order autoregression without an estimated intercept. We study its continuous time asymptotic distribution based on an asymptotic framework where the sampling interval converges to zero as the sample size increases. We derive a momentgenerating function which permits the calculation of percentage points and moments of this asymptotic distribution and assess the adequacy of the approximation to the finite sample distribution. In general, the approximation is excellent for values of the autoregressive parameter near one. We also consider the behavior of the power function of tests based on the normalized leastsquares estimator. Interesting nonmonotonic properties are uncovered. This analysis extends the study of Perron [15] and helps to provide explanations for the finite sample results established by Nankervis and Savin [13].
Versatile Dewar Assembly for Use with a Commercial Spectrofluorometer

A dewar assembly suitable for use on the Farrand Mark I spectrofluorometer and similar instruments not normally equipped with a conventional dewar-type cryostat is described. The assembly is simple to construct and will accept either conventional round quartz dewars or square quartz dewars. A simple dewar arrangement has been developed to use on the Farrand Mark I spectrofluorometer. The dewar method makes rapid low temperature fluorescence and phosphoresence measurements possible. Rapid low temperature polarization measurements can be made with a square dewar modification.
Propranolol targets the contractility of infantile haemangioma-derived pericytes.

Summary Background Propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, is an effective treatment for endangering infantile haemangioma (IH). Dramatic fading of cutaneous colour is often seen a short time after initiating propranolol therapy, with accelerated regression of IH blood vessels discerned after weeks to months. Objectives To assess a possible role for haemangioma-derived pericytes (HemPericytes) isolated from proliferating and involuting phase tumours in apparent propranolol-induced vasoconstriction. Methods HemPericytes were assayed for contractility on a deformable silicone substrate: propranolol (10 μmol L−1) restored basal contractile levels in HemPericytes that were relaxed with the AR agonist epinephrine. Small interfering RNA knockdown of β2-AR blunted this response. HemPericytes and haemangioma-derived endothelial cells were co-implanted subcutaneously in nude mice to form blood vessels; at day 7 after injection, mice were randomized into vehicle and propranolol-treated groups. Results HemPericytes expressed high levels of β2-AR mRNA compared with positive control bladder smooth muscle cells. In addition, β2-AR mRNA levels were relatively high in IH specimens (n = 15) compared with β1-AR, β3-AR and α1b-AR. Normal human retinal and placental pericytes were not affected by epinephrine or propranolol in this assay. Propranolol (10 μmol L−1) inhibited the proliferation of HemPericytes in vitro, as well as normal pericytes, indicating a nonselective effect in this assay. Contrast-enhanced microultrasonography of the implants after 7 days of treatment showed significantly decreased vascular volume in propranolol-treated animals, but no reduction in vehicle-treated animals. Conclusions These findings suggest that the mechanism of propranolol's effect on proliferating IH involves increased pericytic contractility.
A systematic review of smartphone applications for chronic pain available for download in the United States.

Objective: A Smartphone app could be useful in aiding patients in self-monitoring and self-managing their chronic pain-related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to systematically review English-language pain-related Smartphone apps available for download in the United States. Design: During July 2012, official Android, BlackBerry, and iPhone Smartphone app platform stores were searched. “Pain” was entered into the search-bar of each Smartphone app store. Of the pain apps meeting inclusion criteria, the following were retrieved: release date, download cost (US dollars [US $], file size, documentation of a healthcare professional’s (HCP) involvement in app development, primary purpose of the app (pain education, pain self-management, or a combination of pain education and self-management), targeted pain-related condition(s), and inclusion of features that addressed four common self-monitoring and/or management strategies. Results: Of the 220 apps meeting inclusion criteria, the majority were available through the iPhone (80.0 percent). The cost for downloading each app ranged from US $0.00 to 89.99; however, the majority of apps were ≤ US $4.99. There was no evidence of HCP involvement in the development of the majority of apps (65.0 percent). Chronic, nonspecific pain was the focus of half (50.5 percent) of the apps, followed by back and/or neck pain (25.9 percent). The primary purpose of the apps was categorized as follows: pain education (n = 53, 24.1 percent), pain self-management (n = 137, 62.3 percent), and both pain education and self-management (n = 30, 13.6 percent). Conclusion: Overall, most of the pain-related apps included within our review not only lacked evidence of HCP input regarding development but also contained few evidence-based pain management features.
Structure and chemistry of coals: transport and nucleation processes in mineral metathesis

Abstract Microscopic and X-ray analyses were used to study the metathesis of minerals inherent within the organic matrix of two coals of different rank. Sulfides are oxidized within the hydrated matrix, transported to the surface of the coal particle, further oxidized, and precipitated on the coal surface. The effects of water activity (relative humidity) and oxygen activity are delineated. The rate of transport and morphology of the precipitates depends markedly upon the coal lithotype and morphology. Structural and chemical inferences are related to previous work on the same materials.
Serum polyamine and octopamine changes following partial hepatectomy and portacaval shunt

Factors influencing hepatic regeneration following major hepatic resection are poorly understood and often may be modified by associated surgical procedures. Experimental and clinical evidence would suggest that hepatic regeneration may be impaired following hepatectomy performed in conjunction with portacaval shunting. A patient is described who offered a clinical situation in which it was possible to evaluate the effects of complete portal-venous diversion on hepatic regeneration following massive hepatic resection. The usefulness of biogenic amines as a monitor of the course of hepatic regeneration is demonstrated. The potential development of hepatic encephalopathy was evaluated by serial determinations of serum ammonia and the biogenic amine, octopamine, which correlated well with the patient's clinical state.
Relative array analysis of upper mantle lateral velocity variations in southern California

The many densely spaced stations of the Southern California Seismic Network, SCARLET, provide a unique opportunity to examine local variations in upper mantle velocities. By averaging the incoming teleseismic wavefronts over 100-km aperture subarrays, ray parameter dT/dDelta, azimuth, and average arrival time estimates were obtained for each event. These values are compared to whole array plane fit parameters with relative array diagrams and representations of net subarray delays. The conducted study confirms the existence of a high-velocity body at depth beneath the Transverse Ranges and a low-velocity region under the Salton Trough. An uppermost mantle anomaly beneath the San Bernardino Mountains is well established both by this study and from local data. The relation of this body to the deeper structure is investigated.
Effcient programming techniques for the SACLIB computer algebra library

This dissertation describes three contributions to the SACLIB computer algebra library. Using generic programming we specify the Recursively Fixed Iterator and the Structure Protecting Iterator concepts. We prove that models of these concepts cannot leak or double delete resources. Through template metaprogramming, we implement models of these concepts that provide this memory safety at compile-time and without any run-time overhead. Using aspect oriented programming, we allow unit and regression tests to be automatically obtained from an executing SACLIB program. This program instrumentation is transparent both to SACLIB maintainers and clients. This mechanism allows the automated creation of regression test suites during the execution of normal SACLIB programs. Using code generation and auto-tuning, we allow high performance implementations of the Taylor shift, de Casteljau's algorithm, and the Descartes Method for polynomial root isolation to be automatically tuned for different architectures. This allows a speedup of 10-20 over existing methods to be obtained on modern CPU architectures. The key to this speedup is the creation of a tiling scheme that allows the irregular structure of the computation to be tiled using a small number of tiles that are easy for a code generator to produce code for. The implementation of the Recursively Fixed Iterator and the Structure Protecting Iterator provide memory safety by using C++ template metaprograms that selectively disable certain classes of side effects in programs using the iterators. Other safety properties can be achieved using similar disabling of side effects. We believe that the most important continuation of the work presented here is the development of programming language techniques to allow programmers to control where their code should sit along the spectrum of the absence of side effects in pure functional languages and the unrestricted side effects of imperative language.
Measuring cloud properties from space: a review

A brief review of observations of clouds using satellites highlights open issues and directions for future studies. The key one is improved treatment of the effects of small-scale spatial inhomogeneity in remote sensing data analyses and in the treatment of radiation in climate models, though studies and observations of the spectral dependence of cloud-radiation interactions are also limited. Significant progress in understanding the role of clouds in climate, especially regarding cloud-radiation budget relationships, is expected in the next several years because of an unprecedent suite of global and regional observation and analysis programs.
Nietzsche's arctic zone of cognition and post-structuralism

(1989). Nietzsche's arctic zone of cognition and post-structuralism. History of European Ideas: Vol. 11, No. 1-6, pp. 759-767.
Effects of molecular structure and growth kinetics on the morphology of l-alanine crystals

Abstract The crystal morphology of l -alanine crystals was characterized by optical goniometry, the different Miller indices being assigned to the well developed crystal faces. l -Alanine crystals grown from water in the absence of additives are prismatic, and are elongated along the crystallographic c -axis bounded by the {120}, {010}, {110}, {210} and {011} faces. The growth rate of l -alanine crystals was measured by monitoring the change of size of individual crytals as a function of time. Examination of both the growth rate dependence on supersaturation and the structure of the crystal surface, reveals that the {120}, {010}, and{01} crystal faces of l -alanine grow following the spiral growth mechanism, in both the presence and absence of additives. The growth rate of l -alanine crystals in the presence of hydrophobic l -amino acids at concentrations as low as 0.02 m (i.e., 0.3 g additive/100 g solvent or 0.18 g additive/100 g l -alanine) is drastically reduced and the crystals are bounded by the {120} and {011} faces. The morphology of l -alanine crystals depends on the relative growth rate of the faces and the growth rate of a crystal face is decreased by the adsorption of the additive. The molecular structure of a face determines the availability of sites that favor the adsorption of the additives. The available sites and their energy, on a given crystal face, determine the extent of adsorption.
Prolixin Enanthate and Thorazine-Stelazine Regimens in the Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients An Experimental Evaluation

• Prolixin (Fluphenazine) Enanthate, an injectible esterified trifluoromethyl phenothiazine derivative with an extended duration of action, was designed for use with schizophrenic patients who are unreliable in taking oral medications. The magnitude of the problem is indicated by the estimate that 46% of out-patients~O,~1and 20% of in-patientsll have difficulties in this area. A number of studies'·';';"",15,1;,,' have reported the usefulness of Prolixin Enanthate in the treatment of schizophrenics in both inpatient and outpatient settings, although some1,~." indicated difficulty with side effects. All of these studies, however, were clinical rather than experimental evaluations. Only one' used a control group and this was comprised of patients known to be or suspected of not taking oral medication. None of the
Sports marketing: an examination of academic marketing publication

Looks at the sports industry and addresses the current situation for authors seeking to publish in the area of sports marketing. Sports currently represents the eleventh largest industry in the USA. Despite this, there are few mainstream marketing journals willing to publish manuscripts on sports marketing. In an effort to circumvent this problem, some sports marketing authors have “disguised” their research under the guise of “servicescapes” or leisure services. Looks at the topical content of the leading outlet for sports marketing manuscripts, Sport Marketing Quarterly. The author classifies the articles into 18 categories. Sponsorship is the most frequent topic for sport marketing papers, followed by general research and research on fans, spectators, and participants. Provides an extensive bibliography of sport‐marketing articles published in academic journals. While a few of these are in marketing journals, the vast majority are published “out of field”.
Inhibition shapes selectivity to vocalizations in the inferior colliculus of awake mice

The inferior colliculus (IC) is a major center for integration of auditory information as it receives ascending projections from a variety of brainstem nuclei as well as descending projections from the thalamus and auditory cortex. The ascending projections are both excitatory and inhibitory and their convergence at the IC results in a microcircuitry that is important for shaping responses to simple, binaural, and modulated sounds in the IC. Here, we examined the role inhibition plays in shaping selectivity to vocalizations in the IC of awake, normal-hearing adult mice (CBA/CaJ strain). Neurons in the IC of mice show selectivity in their responses to vocalizations, and we hypothesized that this selectivity is created by inhibitory microcircuitry in the IC. We compared single unit responses in the IC to pure tones and a variety of ultrasonic mouse vocalizations before and after iontophoretic application of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) and glycine receptor (GlyR) antagonists. The most pronounced effects of blocking GABAAR and GlyR on IC neurons were to increase spike rates and broaden excitatory frequency tuning curves in response to pure tone stimuli, and to decrease selectivity to vocalizations. Thus, inhibition plays an important role in creating selectivity to vocalizations in the inferior colliculus.
Midazolam-sufentanil anaesthesia for phaeochromocytoma resection.

This is a case report of a 66-year-old patient to whom a combined infusion of midazolam and sufentanil was administered for phaeochromocytoma resection. With the exception of a drop in blood pressure immediately after tumour removal, significant intraoperative haemodynamic stability was observed. There was no need for the intraoperative administration of hypotensive or anti-arrhythmic drugs, nor was any prolonged postoperative anaesthetic effect noted. In this case, the combination of midazolam and sufentanil with N2O:O2 was successful in maintaining cardiovascular stability until the tumour was removed. The consequent drop in blood pressure responded to fluid infusion, a not uncommon event in phaeochromocytoma surgery. Although a prospective randomized study for resection of phaeochromocytoma showed that the choice of the anaesthetictechnique is not a crucial factor in determining the patient outcome, we feel this technique of midazolam sufentanil is a worthy alternative to the use of inhalational anaesthetics. The lack of significant myocardial depressive effect of the two drugs, coupled with its simple administration, makes it a useful technique in the anaesthetic management of phaeochromocytoma resection.
Insight into bisphosphonate-associated osteomyelitis of the jaw: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management.

Background: Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of bone diseases. Bisphosphonate-associated osteomyelitis of the jaw (BAOMJ) affects 1 per 100,000 patients-treated years for non-cancer bone diseases and ∼ 1 – 2% of cancer patients treated with bisphosphonates. Results: The mechanism of sustaining osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is unclear, but several predisposing factors have been identified. The dosage, frequency of administration and the duration of bisphosphonate therapy may precipitate BAOMJ. Conclusion: Evidence supports immune and infectious etiology for BAOMJ. Hence, the term BAOMJ seems more appropriate than ONJ or BAON (bisphosphonate-associated ONJ). Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of therapy for osteoporosis. Cancer patients receive 10 – 15 times higher doses of bisphosphonates at a greater frequency per year than osteoporosis patients. This may trigger BAOMJ in such patients. The benefits of bisphosphonate therapy outweigh the incidence and risks of BAOMJ. Bisphosphonates show a...
Pulse current electrodeposition of nanocrystalline zinc

Abstract Pulse electrodeposition exhibits marked advantages over direct current electrodeposition in the control of deposit grain size, surface morphology, and preferred orientation. The effect of pulse peak current density (Jp) on the grain size and surface morphology of zinc deposits with additives (polyacrylamide and thiourea) was studied by scanning electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The preferred orientation of zinc deposits was studied by X-ray diffraction, and microhardness of the deposits was measured by a Knoop microhardness tester. Increasing JP dramatically changed the surface morphology and decreased the grain size. Nanocrystalline zinc (56 nm) was produced at JP=2 A cm−2. At JP equal to 0.4 A cm−2, the preferred orientation of zinc deposits was (1 1 2 2) and changed to the prismatic (1 1 2 0) orientation at Jp equal to 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 A cm−2. However, increasing the peak current density to 2 A cm−2 altered the prismatic (1 1 2 0) to the random (1 0 1 1). The microhardness increased to approximately 8 times higher than that of pure polycrystalline zinc (0.29 GPa). Microhardness reached a maximum (2.3 GPa) at 1.6 A cm−2, then decreased to 1.5 GPa at 2 A cm−2. The hardness drop was correlated with the presence of additives and the change in texture from (1 1 2 0) to the random (1 0 1 1) with increasing Jp.
Decisions Required for Operating a Maternal Mortality Review Committee: The California Experience

Maternal mortality is a current and important issue for obstetrics. The challenge is to structure case reviews so that they develop real data that can inform and direct quality improvement activities. In this article, we describe a series of decisions we have made in California to organize and run our maternal mortality review committee. These include defining the goal of the reviews, selection of cases, composition of the committee, basic review issues, and the definitions used for analysis (eg, cause of death, contributing factors, role of cesarean delivery, preventability, identifying quality improvement opportunities). It is expected that each maternal mortality review committee will have somewhat different approaches based on local resources and case mix.
Specific features of thermolysis of dispersed petroleum systems in aromatized medium

Thermolysis in an aromatized medium, which is known mostly from the phenomenological standpoint [i], is one way to modify the properties of the consolidation products of dispersed petroleum systems (DSPs). We explored the thermolysis of DSPs in this type of medium from the thermodynamic standpoint. Thermolysis of mixtures of two pairs of petroleum products was investigated: asphalt from deasphaltization of road tar with propane containing vacuumdistilled cracking residue on one hand and gasoline pyrolysis tars containing distillate from roasting of uncured electrodes on the other. The properties of the products employed are listed in Table i.
Disruption of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Ischemic Stroke Patients Assessed by Continuous-Wave NIRS

NIRS-monitored spontaneous cerebral oscillations in healthy subjects and stroke patients showed good correlation between hemispheres at cardiac frequency in both groups, but significantly reduced correlation at respiratory frequency for patients, possibly revealing impaired cerebral autoregulation.
Generalized Poincaré Inequalities for Solutions to the A-Harmonic Equation in Certain Domains

Abstract We first prove local versions of the Poincare inequality for solutions to the A -harmonic equation. Then, as applications of the local results, we obtain the global versions of the Poincare inequality for solutions to the A -harmonic equation in L s (μ, 0)-averaging domains and L s -averaging domains, respectively. These results can be considered as generalizations of the classical Poincare theorem.
L-glutamate inhibition of an inward potassium current in neonatal neurons from the nucleus of the solitary tract

Neurons isolated from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of 1- to 4-day-old rats were cultured for a study of the glutamatergic responses in this region of the medulla. Whole cell currents were examined under voltage clamp after 6-14 days in culture. An inwardly rectifying potassium current was identified in 107/174 cells. The presence of this K+ current diminished with time in culture from greater than 80% of the cells at day 6 to less than 30% of the cells after day 10. The current was inhibited by L-glutamate (IC50 = 10 microM).
Determination of the state and content of water in human normal and cataractous lenses by differential scanning calorimetry.

The state of water in normal and cataractous human lenses was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicate that water ‘bound’ to the lens proteins decreases during the process of cataract formation. These findings are consistent with the documented knowledge concerning cataract-related changes in the lens proteins.
The Timing of First Marriage Are There Religious Variations

Using survey data from a nationally representative sample, this article explores how marriage timing varies across major religious denominations. Survival analysis indicates that net of statistical controls, Catholics, moderate Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Mormons marry significantly earlier than their unaffiliated counterparts. This holds true for women and men. However, no statistical differences emerge between Jews, liberal Protestants, and the unaffiliated. As surmised, auxiliary statistical tests reveal additional religious subcultural variations: (a) Jews tend to marry later than Catholics, conservative Protestants, and Mormons; (b) Catholics also marry later than conservative Protestants and Mormons; (c) no statistical difference surfaces between Mormons and conservative Protestants; and (d) differences between Catholics and liberal Protestants as well as between Jews and liberal Protestants are statistically negligible. These findings systematically support the denominational subcult...
Targeting cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens for GBM immunotherapy

Meeting abstracts Despite aggressive and incapacitating conventional therapy, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains uniformly lethal. Immunotherapy in which the immune system (particularly cellular effectors such as T cells) is harnessed to specifically attack malignant cells offers a treatment
Lean supply chains and the competitiveness of emerging market firms

This paper addresses the issue of whether the type of supply chain can have a significant effect on the pace and tenor of economic development of a country. It is argued that the spread of lean production systems such as the Toyota Production System and its derivatives can improve technology transfer to an economy and diffuse it more widely than traditional forms of production systems and supply chains. The result is faster economic development through a more rapid transition to higher value-added manufacturing and more export-competitive industries in terms of price, quality, and flexibility. The mechanisms for technology transfer in lean production are the emphasis on soft technology (that is, process and management skills) and the fuller development of human resources in firms. The spread of these capabilities through the supply chain hastens the economic growth and development effects. Several case studies are used to illustrate these effects.
Situational complexity, systems modelling and methodology

The aim of this paper is to consider primary attributes of complexity in situational contexts, particularly within the scope of systems modelling and methodology, and to ascertain which attributes ...
Dependence of thermo-magnetic mark size on applied STM voltage in Co/Pt multilayers

Summary form only given. We present characterization of a magnetic recording process potentially suitable for proposed probe-based storage systems. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is used to locally heat a uniformly magnetized perpendicular recording medium. In this work, a 10 nm thick Co/Pt multilayer thin film was used as the recording medium. Pulsed heating of the medium was done using the STM mode of a DI Nanoscope III. Detailed measurement of mark size vs. pulse amplitude (tip-sample spacing controlled at 20 mV bias and 2 nA of tunneling current) shows a relatively constant mark diameter of about 220 nm (theoretical calculation shows the minimum stable domain size for Co/Pt is /spl sim/100 nm), when the voltage is above a threshold of 2 V. This result contradicts previous results by J. Nakamura et al. (see J. Appl. Phys., vol. 77, p. 779-781, 1995), which showed increasing mark size with increasing applied voltage. By using a model of field emission from an STM, we suggest this discrepancy is due to the change in tip-sample spacing during writing due to reaction of the mechanical system. The threshold phenomenon may be due to the threshold of domain nucleation and breakdown current to follow through.