cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving link failure recovery and congestion control in SDNs

Software-Defined Networking is considered as a prominent architecture in the field of networking. The separation of control plane with data plane provides an efficient way to implement and manage real-world networks. In recent years, there has been a major boost in network traffic due to the advancement in IoT and cloud technologies. The main drive behind the SDNs is primarily due to the fact that existing legacy networks do not have the capacity to manage such large volumes of traffic in coming future. One of the major concern related to the implementation of SDN networks is the recovery time in case of link failure and congestion. This is known to be the main bottleneck for the scalability of pure SDN networks. The existing method in use requires the SDN devices to contact the centralized controller to act during such events. However, in real-world networks consisting of many devices, such a solution increases the latency immensely thus reducing the efficiency of the network. In here, we propose a method to improve the recovery time for link failure and congestion events. The method consists of controller modules that proactively install rules before the occurrence of such events. This will provide the ability to these devices to handle such issues at the data plane without the intervention of controller. The rules are later pushed to SDN devices at regular intervals using different algorithms and RESTful methods. The proposed solution largely improves the efficiency of these networks by reducing their overall latency.
Pathology of liver disease: advances in the last 50 years

Liver disease has been recognized in various forms for centuries. Incredible advances, however, have been made especially in the last 50 years, driven by improvements in histology, the development of immunostains, the development of high resolution imaging methods, improved biopsy and resection methods, and the emergence of the molecular era. With these tools, pathologists and their clinical and basic science colleagues moved from classifying liver disease using an observational, pattern-based approach to a refined classification of disease, one based on etiology for medical disease and tumor classification for neoplastic disease. Examples of liver specific diseases are used to illustrate these exciting advances. These impressive advances of the past provide the foundation for hope in the future, as liver pathology continues to play an important role in improving patient care through disease identification and classification and emerging roles in guiding therapy for cures.
Elizabeth Attaway, London preacher and Theologian, 1645–1646

This paper reconsiders the 1645–1646 career of Elizabeth Attaway, known primarily to scholars as an early reader of Milton’s Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce or as evidence of General Baptist con...
Physical characteristics of 68 Ga DOTATATE PET/CT affecting small lesion detectability

Background and purpose: 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT protocols are similar to 18F FDG protocols despite differences in physical properties, biodistribution, and tumor uptake. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of scan time (counts), and target activity on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in various sized targets, or lesions. To evaluate this, phantom experiments and analysis of clinical 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT studies were performed. Materials and methods: 68Ga was first compared to 18F in phantom studies to evaluate recovery coefficients and SNR. 68Ga phantom studies were also acquired in list mode, and at varying target activities to evaluate the effects of acquisition time and high target concentrations on SNR in clinically relevant small (8 mm) and larger targets (≥ 12 mm). Clinical studies (n = 50) were analyzed to determine if phantom target concentrations and SNR are present in clinical 68Ga DOTATATE studies at similarly very high tumor activity concentrations (n = 159). Results: In phantoms, recovery coefficient and SUVmax for 68Ga were ~87% of 18F. SNR for 68Ga was ~65% of 18F. For the 68Ga small target (8 mm) at standard T/B = 2.4, increasing scan time from 5 to 15 minutes increased SNR from < 1 to 1.6, and did not result in target identification. Increasing T/B from 2.4 to 10.9, however, dramatically increased SNR from < 1 to 22.3. Increased T/B resulted in clear visibility of the 8 mm target, even for 1-minute scans. In patients, high hepatic tumor SUVmax (27.3±29.6), resulted in high SNR (12.5±9.8). For extrahepatic tumors, high SUVmax (41.6±42.8), resulted in high SNR (43.8±49.9). Conclusion: Very high target or T/B, even in small targets, can offset the physical limitations of 68Ga. High target uptake and high T/B are primary factors influencing small lesion detectability.
Perspectives of multisectoral community stakeholders on Arab American cancer patients' needs and suggested interventions.

Multilevel barriers can arise after a cancer diagnosis, especially in underserved racial/ethnic minority patient populations, raising the need for diverse and contextually adapted interventions. However, limited data exists on Arab American (ArA) cancer patients’ needs, partly due to their racial/ethnic misclassification as Whites. This study leveraged the perspectives of cancer survivors and community stakeholders (i.e., healthcare and community leaders) to identify ArA cancer patients’ needs, as well as their preferred intervention strategies to address them. Using a hybrid inductive-deductive content analysis approach, we analyzed qualitative data from interviews with 18 ArA community stakeholders recruited through community partners in Chicago. Participants associated cancer stigma to ArA patients’ concealment of their diagnosis and aversion to cancer support groups. Economic and language barriers to treatment were emphasized. A lack of resources for ArA cancer patients was also noted and was partly attributed to their misclassification as White. In response to these needs, participants suggested peer mentorship programs to overcome privacy concerns, hospital-based patient navigation to address language and economic barriers in healthcare, diversification of the healthcare workforce to overcome language barriers, and community coalitions to recognize ArA as an ethnic group and increase cancer support resources. Such advocacy will be essential to accurately characterize patients’ cancer burden and obtain funding to support community programs and resources. Our findings suggest that multilevel interventions at the patient, healthcare, and community levels are needed to address ArA cancer patients’ needs.
Review: Developments of Photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) Collectors

The alarming energy concerns have stimulated a transition of energy sources to a more sustainable way. Among all of the green energy sources, solar is the most promising one. Recently, a new application called photovoltaic/thermal panels that harvest both long-wavelength and short-wavelength radiations has been gaining attention. Evidence shows that the combined system is more efficient than the two separate systems. Its wide range of applications can significantly promote the transition to a cleaner energy source. This work provides an introduction to the PV/T panels and examines the improvement possibilities of the PV/T panels. Challenges and suggestions for future researches will be discussed.
IFN-γ Dictates Allograft Fate via Opposing Effects on the Graft and on Recipient CD8 T Cell Responses

CD8 T cells are necessary for costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. However, the mechanism by which CD8 T cells mediate rejection in the absence of major costimulatory signals is poorly understood. IFN-γ promotes CD8 T cell-mediated immune responses, but IFN-γ-deficient mice show early graft loss despite costimulation blockade. In contrast, we found that IFN-γ receptor knockout mice show dramatically prolonged graft survival under costimulation blockade. To investigate this paradox, we addressed the effects of IFN-γ on T cell alloresponses in vivo independent of the effects of IFN-γ on graft survival. We identified a donor-specific CD8 T cell breakthrough response temporally correlated with costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. Neither IFN-γ receptor knockout recipients nor IFN-γ-deficient recipients showed a CD8 breakthrough response. Graft death on IFN-γ-deficient recipients despite costimulation blockade could be explained by the lack of IFN-γ available to act on the graft. Indeed, the presence of IFN-γ was necessary for graft survival on IFN-γ receptor knockout recipients, as either IFN-γ neutralization or the lack of the IFN-γ receptor on the graft precipitated early graft loss. Thus, IFN-γ is required both for the recipient to mount a donor-specific CD8 T cell response under costimulation blockade as well as for the graft to survive after allotransplantation.
The Life Table I

The life table shows the proportion of a population or sample who survive at specific durations after exposure to an event risk. We might want, for example, the proportion of women who marry by age 25 (0.65 for U.S. females born in 1940-49 ) or the proportion expected to survive to their 85th birthday (0.19 for males and 0.39 for females at U.S. 1985 mortality rates). The measures are probabilistic, and can be compared across populations and over time without the adjustments for compositional differences that many crude rates require. The probabilities can also be used to estimate mean survival times-life expectancies—that compactly summarize survival experience.
On the contributions of music to media productions

Does the use of musical accompaniment in instructional media heighten enjoyment, enhance motivation, or increase learning? After tracing music’s role in the development of motion pictures, this article discusses ways instructional message designers can increase the effectiveness of their productions through music. Studies reviewed in this article reveal that musical variables such as tempo, modality, rhythm, and harmony play an important part in determining the affective or emotional response of message receivers. If instructional media producers gain a more thorough understanding of the impact different variables have on audiences, they will be able to select appropriate music to help convey their message. Suggestions are made for future research.
Parasitemia and erythrocyte destruction in Plasmodium berghei-infected rats. II. Effect of infected host globulin.

Abstract Rats were infected with Plasmodium berghei and erythrocytes collected at various stages of the infection. The erythrocytes were labeled with 51 Cr, suspended in an infected rat globulin solution, and transfused into compatible inbred rats protected from infection by chloroquine. The rat globulin solution agglutinated trypsinized erythrocytes when diluted 1 to 64. The number of labeled transfused erythrocytes lost during the first 24 hours after transfusion in the recipient rats was explainable as the total of losses from senescence, from the transfusion process, and from elimination of parasitized erythrocytes. The globulin from P. berghei -infected rats did not increase the efficiency of elimination of the parasitized erythrocytes over that previously observed by Kreier and Leste (1967) in the absence of injected globulin, nor did the injected globulin cause shortened survival of nonparasitized erythrocytes.
Agglutination of Human Erythrocytes

Our motivation in searching for effects of magnetic fields on immunochemical reactions was twofold: first, an unequivocal demonstration of the role of magnetic fields in influencing biochemical reactions might be provided; second, information bearing on the mechanism of the immune reaction might be obtained.
Coriolis constants of spherical-top molecules from low-temperature infrared studies of vapor band contours: Application to the force field of tungsten hexafluoride☆

Abstract The infrared-active stretching fundamental ν3 of WF6 vapor has been studied over the temperature range T = 190–310 K. At lower temperatures the hot-band structure is sufficiently suppressed to allow accurate measurements of the P-R branch spacing, which is a linear function of T 1 2 . From the slope of a least-squares line fitting 36 measured spacings, the Coriolis constant is found to be ζ3 = 0.123. Enough overtone and combination bands have been observed in the infrared and laser Raman spectra of WF6 for harmonic fundamental frequencies to be estimated. Harmonic force constants are calculated, using ζ3 as the necessary additional constraint in the F1u symmetry block. Possible sources of error are discussed and error limits are estimated for all reported frequencies and force constants. The valence stretching force constant is r = 5.50 ± 0.07 mdyn/ A .
Phonon Scattering in Metallic Glasses

The purpose of this article is to review some recent theoretical and experimental developments in the study of metallic glasses at temperatures near or below 1K. In this temperature regime, it appears that practically all glasses, whether metallic or insulating, behave in a similar fashion. The fact that such similarities occur, despite substantial structural differences between metallic and insulating glasses1, constitutes a major theoretical challenge. This challenge, however, is not directly addressed in what follows. Instead, we shall concentrate upon the evidence for universal behavior and upon the theory which is necessary to understand this evidence. It turns out that most of this evidence involves a comparison of phonon scattering in metallic glasses with its counterpart in insulating glasses.
Pressure drop and temperature rise in He II flow in round tubes, Venturi flowmeters and valves

Pressure drops in highly turbulent He II flow were measured in round tubes, valves, and venturi flowmeters. Results are in good agreement with single-phase flow correlations for classical fluids. The temperature rise in flow in a round tube was measured, and found to agree well with predictions for isenthalpic expansion. Cavitation was observed in the venturis under conditions of low back pressure and high flow rate. Metastable superheating of the helium at the venturi throat was observed before the helium made a transition to saturation pressure.
Orr's quantitative trait loci sign test under conditions of trait ascertainment.

ORR ([1998][1]) presents two statistical tests for testing whether a quantitative trait has evolved neutrally. His quantitative trait loci (QTL) sign test (QTLST) rejects the null hypothesis of neutrality if the number of QTL acting in a positive direction is improbably high given the magnitude of
Approaching Racial Equality through Indirection: The Problem of Race, Class, and Power.

ing from these particular results, a successful school desegregation plan begins to break down the cumulative inequalities of race, class, and power. It begins, that is, to carry out the promises of liberal democracy for all. By bringing blacks and whites into mutually respectful contact and by treating all students in similar ways, 28. SeeJ. HOCHSCHILD, supra note 4 at 46-91, 177-190. 29. My conclusions do not grow out of an examination of particular plans in identifiable school districts. Rather they emerge from an evaluation of policy variables common to many cases. Thus, across many districts I have examined the academic and social consequences of the different ages at which children are desegregated, and then the consequences of different tracking systems within schools, and then the consequences of. . . And so on. This mode of analysis produces a composite picture of excellent and terrible desegregation plans, against which particular plans of identifiable districts can be measured. In short, policy actions, not place names, are the units of analysis. 314 Vol. 4:307, 1986 Race, Class, and Power good plans exchange racism for individualism. By channeling resources to poor schools and broadening the horizons of poor students, successful plans equalize opportunities and diminish class barriers. By increasing black influence in white society and involving parents in the schools, good plans enhance political equality and reduce power disparities. Above all, successfully desegregated schools take rights seriously, and confront head-on the normative conflict between liberal democracy for some and liberal democracy
BANBAD - A Centralized Belief-Networks-Based Anomaly Detection Algorithm for MANETs

We present an efficient anomaly detection algorithm, named BANBAD. Using Belief Networks (BNs), the algorithm identifies abnormal behavior, like inappropriate energy consumption, in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). By applying structure learning techniques to training dataset, BANBAD extracts the dependencies among relevant features, such as average velocity, displacement, local computation and communication time, energy consumption, and response time, of a node of the network. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is used to represent the features and their dependencies. Probability distributions and correlations among the features are associated with the nodes and edges of the DAG. Using a training process, BANBAD maintains dynamic, updated profiles of network node behaviors and uses specific Bayesian inference algorithm to distinguish abnormal behavior during testing. BANBAD works well in MANETs. Simulation results demonstrate that a centralized BANBAD achieves low false alarm rates, below 2%, and high detection rates, greater than 95%. The key to achieving such high performance is that the false alarm rate can be bounded by certain predefined threshold value based on our technique, and by fine tuning the threshold, we can achieve the high detection rate as well.
A neurologic overview of specific language disability for the non-neurologist.

This paper represents a condensation of a 2-hour oral presentation that made extensive use of visual aids in color, many of which could not be reproduced. Several of the areas that received more elaboration in the oral presentation have been shortened in the interest of space.
The Effect of a New Placement Process on Student Success in First Semester Calculus

In this work we describe the placement testing and student intake process at a large, land-grant university and show that long-standing general assessment exams administered during secondary schooling are not accurate predictors of success in university level mathematics courses. We then present results indicating that a placement exam administered during arrival as a first-year student provides a strong indicator of potential for student success in first-semester calculus.
Synthesis and characterization of zinc(II) meso-tetra(9-hexyl) carbazolylporphine: A green-emitting hole-transporting material for electroluminescent and photoconductive applications

The preparation of a new zinc(II) metalloporphyrin, substituted with four alkylated carbazole moieties, by reaction of pyrrole and 3-formyl-9-hexylcarbazole is reported. The substitution pattern negatively shifts the redox potentials of the macrocycle and leads to a material that emits green light at 615 nm when photo-excited at 554 nm.
The role of defects in the diffusion and activation of impurities in ion implanted semiconductors

Ion implantation is an extremely attractive method of selectively doping semiconductors, in part because the as-implanted distribution of impurities can be accurately predicted. However, electrical activation of implanted dopants generally requires high temperature annealing which allows these impurities to redistribute by various mechanisms. This paper reviews the role of defects in redistribution during the annealing of ion-implanted semiconductors. Some problems are inherent in the annealing process and are commonly observed in various materials. These include enhanced diffusion, gettering, and redistribution during recrystallization. Some problems are peculiar to compounds and include the effects of encapsulation, imbalances in crystal stoichiometry, and unequal recoil of host atoms of different masses. Dual implants and various implant temperatures have been employed in an effort to avoid some of these problems. Pulse annealing methods have also been investigated which reduce redistribution by considerably shortening the anneal time. However, problems associated with redistribution of dopants during annealing still limit the effectiveness of implantations in compound semiconductors.
Mobility measurements of atomic ions in flames using laser-enhanced ionization

Abstract Atomic ion mobilities have been directly determined in C 2 H 2 /air and CO/O 2 flames using optical excitation to create instantaneously a pencil of ions along the laser beam and then measuring ion velocities in an applied electric field. The ions were chosen to provide a wide range of atomic weights (Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, In, Tl, U), thus providing a good comparison with the Langevin theory of ion mobility under several flame conditions. In all cases the Langevin theory provides an upper limit and predicts the measured mobility to within 50%, with best agreement obtained in general for the smaller and less polarizable ions.
Blacks’ and Whites’ Experiences of Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Diversity Intercohort Variation in Neighborhood Diversity and Integration in Early and Early Middle Adulthood

The racial and ethnic diversity of American cities has increased sharply in recent decades. This study uses a unique longitudinal, cohort-comparison research design to investigate changes over the ...
A preferential inhibition by Zn2+ on platelet activating factor- and thrombin-induced serotonin secretion from washed rabbit platelets

Abstract Zinc ions at micromolar levels exhibited a significant inhibitory activity toward platelet activating factor (AGEPC)- and thrombin-induced serotonin release from washed rabbit platelets. In the ranges from 25 to 30 μ m and 10 to 50 μ m , respectively, zinc essentially prevented any serotonin release from 1.25 × 108 cells/ μl by 1 × 10−10 m AGEPC and by 0.2 unit thrombin/ml. This inhibition by zinc ions, in micromolar range, occurred in the presence of 1.0 m m Ca2+. The amount of zinc needed for inhibition was inversely proportional to the amount of AGEPC present and further zinc must be added prior to or at the same time as the AGEPC to be effective. Introduction of zinc ions after the AGEPC essentially abolished the inhibitory properties of this divalent cation. Other cations such as Cu2+, La3+, Cd2+, and Mg2+ were ineffective as inhibitors at concentrations where zinc showed its maximal effects. Under conditions similar to those noted above, aggregation induced by AGEPC was blocked only to the extent of 25% of a control. No inhibitory action by zinc on thrombin-induced aggregation was noted. It is apparent that zinc ions influence a site(s) on the rabbit platelet of considerable importance to the activation (or signaling) process by AGEPC and thrombin in these cells, as expressed by serotonin release. Zinc should provide a suitable probe to explore the mechanism of action of these agonists in their interaction wtih sensitive cells and to define in more specific biochemical terms the putative receptor for these molecules.
Reading Perspective: Can It Improve Middle School Students’ Comprehension of Informational Text?

ABSTRACTIn 2 experiments the authors investigated whether assigning a perspective to middle school students prior to reading a long informational text would improve their reading comprehension. Pretest–posttest control group designs were employed in both experiments, in Experiment 1 (n = 146 fifth- and sixth-grade students) and in Experiment 2 (n = 83 eighth-grade students), where a delayed measure of comprehension was also included. Findings indicated statistically significant learning gains from pre- to posttest regardless of perspective but no differential benefit for perspective assignment on overall comprehension or comprehension of perspective-relevant content. Previous research has demonstrated comprehension benefit for adults assigned a perspective before reading short narrative texts in experimental settings. This work extends reading comprehension research by testing the efficacy of perspective instantiation in 2 samples of middle school learners reading an informational text in a school setting...
When the Whistle Is Blown Legal Defenses and Practical Guidelines for Managing Reports of Organizational Misconduct

The recent U.S. Supreme Court opinion in Garcetti v. Ceballos decided that public employees are not necessarily protected under the law if they make statements about alleged improprieties committed by their employers, and can in fact be disciplined for such disclosures. The controversy over this case, combined with the recent publicity surrounding whistle-blower actions, indicates that many people may have incorrect impressions regarding the law in this area. This article focuses on various unsuccessful whistle-blower cases to educate both employers and employees about the limitations of such actions. Based on these scenarios, the authors have provided suggestions for management in how to effectively handle reports of wrongdoing within an organization.
Development Of A Scanner-Computer System For Mass Screening Of Panoramic Dental X-Rays

This report describes current results of a research and development project whose goals are to develop a prototype system for the automated analysis of dental radiographs. This system uses a flying spot (cathode-ray) scanner connected on-line with a computer for the purpose of automatically performing the pattern recognition of features found on panoramic dental radiographs.© (1971) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mercury biomagnification and contemporary food web dynamics in lakes Superior and Huron

Abstract Trophic structure is an integral part of understanding the flow of contaminants within an aquatic system. Persistent, bioacccumulative, and toxic substances and food web perturbations by invasive species are critical ecological issues with far-reaching consequences for the health of the Laurentian Great Lakes. The historically-different aquatic ecosystems of Lakes Superior and Huron were evaluated for mercury (Hg) biomagnification using stable carbon ( δ 13 C) and nitrogen ( δ 15 N) isotope ratios. The results showed that δ values vary significantly with sampling depth, particularly for the lower food web components, reflecting depth- and diet-specific patterns of δ values. The stable isotope assessment of the Lake Superior food webs was consistent with previous results, underscoring the temporal stability of this ecosystem. However, based on stable isotope data, the Lake Huron lake trout appear to be incorporating the exotic round goby in their diet, possibly compensating for the collapse of alewife populations, historically their principal food. Our results suggest that the well-documented perturbations in the Lake Huron ecosystem have likely contributed to increasing Hg concentrations in the lake trout. Similar Hg biomagnification rates were observed suggesting strong similarities in the contemporary contaminant flow in Lakes Superior and Huron.
Responses to Intensive Training and Methandrostenelone Administration: II. Hormonal, Organ Weights, Muscle Weights and Body Composition

The hormonal levels of the gonadotropins, the weight of selected organs and of the triceps surae as well as body composition were determined in Sprague Dawley rats at 3 and 6 weeks after intensive training with or without a methandrostenelone (Dianabol) supplement (0.35 mg/kg/day). The controls were sedentary rats of similar age and weight at the start of the experiment. The dianabol treated rats in the sedentary and exercise groups had a depression of plasma LH levels. There were no differences in body weight, specific gravity, lean body weight, fat or % fat between the two trained groups. Dianabol had no apparent effect on the measured parameters other than a depression of LH.
Measurement of low level carbon-14 in biologic specimens by wet ashing

Pharmacokinetic studies of animal and human skin are often advantageously performed with low levels of C-14. We detail an efficient wet ashing method capable of detecting 20 dpm per sample, equivalent to twice the background level, thus permitting complete kinetic assays with 1 μCi or less of C-14 per subject.
Inter- and intraspecies competitive effects in reactions of chlorinated ethylenes with zero-valent iron in column reactors

ABSTRACT Reaction kinetics are a key component of process models used to design Fe(0) permeable barriers employed to treat groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents. In this work, columns ...
Particulate growth in phase‐separated polymer blends

Particle coarsening was investigated in polymer blends containing a minor phase volume of 23% produced by compositional quenching. The scaling exponents for three binary blends (polystyrene/polybutadiene, polystyrene/polyisoprene, and polystyrene/S-B random copolymer) were in reasonable agreement with the expected value of 0.33. The scaling exponent for a ternary blend containing an amphiphile (polystyrene/polybutadiene/S-B block copolymer) was substantially lower at 0.14. The particle size distributions for all the blends were broader than the self-similar distribution expected for Ostwald ripening and became increasingly broad with time. These distributions fit a two parameter coalescence model in which the probability of coalescence is proportional to the particle diameter. However, Ostwald ripening appears to make some contribution, particularly at early times. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2191–2196, 1998
Entamoeba histolytica Rho1 regulates actin polymerization through a divergent, diaphanous-related formin.

Entamoeba histolytica requires a dynamic actin cytoskeleton for intestinal and systemic pathogenicity. Diaphanous-related formins represent an important family of actin regulators that are activated by Rho GTPases. The E. histolytica genome encodes a large family of Rho GTPases and three diaphanous-related formins, of which EhFormin1 is known to regulate mitosis and cytokinesis in trophozoites. We demonstrate that EhFormin1 modulates actin polymerization through its formin homology 2 domain. Despite a highly divergent diaphanous autoinhibitory domain, EhFormin1 is autoinhibited by an N- and C-terminal intramolecular interaction but activated upon binding of EhRho1 to the N-terminal domain tandem. A crystal structure of the EhRho1·GTPγS–EhFormin1 complex illustrates an EhFormin1 conformation that diverges from mammalian mDia1 and lacks a secondary interaction with a Rho insert helix. The structural model also highlights residues required for specific recognition of the EhRho1 GTPase and suggests that the m...
Measurement of DNA polymerase β in skin fibroblast cell lines from patients with ataxia telangiectasia

Abstract DNA polymerase β levels were measured in 4 cell lines of normal human skin fibroblasts and in 5 cell lines of skin fibroblasts from patients with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive disease exhibiting marked X-ray sensitivity. The enzyme specific activities for the normal lines were similar and the mean value was 2-fold lower than the mean value for the ataxia lines. With both kinds of cells, the enzyme level did not change as the cultures progressed from logarithmic to stationary phase of growth. Thus, this putative DNA repair enzyme appears to be ‘constitutive’ in human skin fibroblasts lines, and a modest elevation of β-polymerase activity is associated with ataxia telangiectasia. These results are discussed in the context to current views about DNA-repair enzymes in X-ray-sensitive cultured mammalian cells.
A semi-analytic theory of the self-similar laser oscillator

A semi-analytic theory for the similariton laser is developed using the variational approach. A new trial pulse shape, continuously adjustable inbetween pure Gaussian and pure parabolic, is introduced. Excellent agreement with numerical solutions is obtained.
The relationship of mouse spermatozoal to mouse testicular cathepsins

Abstract Mouse testicular and sperm-associated cathepsin activities were compared for optimal conditions of assay, molecular sieving properties, inhibition data, and electrophoretic mobility. An extract of testes had several isoenzymes of cathepsin among which cathepsin B1 may be a major form while a sperm-associated component may be a minor form. The sperm-associated component was highly sensitive to pepstatin and may be cathepsin D.
Removal of memory access bottlenecks for scheduling control-flow intensive behavioral descriptions

Application domains like signal and image processing, multimedia and networking protocols involve processing of huge amounts of data stored in memory modules. The behavioral descriptions of these applications may contain a large number of array references for data accesses. Dependencies between array accesses cause bottlenecks in the derivation of high performance schedules. We introduce a scheduling integrated technique to identify and remove these bottlenecks. We first demonstrate that there is a significant loss in the quality of a scheduler if these bottlenecks are not taken into account by the scheduler. We then propose a technique to overcome these bottlenecks by introducing new operations in the schedule called verification operations. Experimental results on several benchmarks show that a scheduler. powered by our technique demonstrates a two fold improvement in performance (measured in terms of the average number of clock cycles) over a recently introduced scheduler for control flow intensive behavioral descriptions, called Wavesched. Wavesched itself has a two fold performance advantage over traditional methods such as path based scheduling and loop directed scheduling. Also, the best- and worst-case execution times for the enhanced schedules obtained by our method are usually equal to or much less than the corresponding values for the execution times obtained by previous schedulers.
Mythologizing Change: Examining Rhetorical Myth as a Strategic Change Management Discourse

This article explores how rhetorical myth can be used as a tool for persuading employees to accept change and to maintain consensus during the process. It defines rhetorical myth using three concep...
Multiple wavelength vertical-cavity laser array employing molecular beam epitaxy regrowth

Multiple wavelength 4/spl times/2 vertical cavity laser diode arrays with 30 /spl mu/m pitch exhibit a 17 nm wavelength span. The wavelength distribution is arbitrary within the 2-D array. The laser elements feature singlemode emission with submilliamp threshold currents.
Reversion-reporter transgenes to analyze all six base-substitution pathways in Arabidopsis.

To expand the repertoire of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutation-reporter transgenes, we constructed six mutant alleles in the same codon of the β-glucuronidase-encoding GUS transgene. Each allele reverts to GUS+ only via a particular one of the six transition/transversion pathways. AcV5 epitope tags, fused carboxyl terminal to the inactive GUS– proteins, enabled semiquantitative immunoassays in plant protein extracts. Spontaneous G:C→T:A transversions, previously not measured using reporter transgenes, were quite frequent. This may reflect mispairing of adenine with 8-oxoguanine in DNA attacked by endogenous oxyradicals. Spontaneous G:C→A:T was modest and other reversions were relatively low, as reported previously. Frequencies of ultraviolet C-induced TT→TC and TC→TT reversions were both high. With increased transgene copy number, spontaneous G:C→T:A reversions increased but ultraviolet C-induced reversions decreased. Frequencies of some reversion events were reduced among T4 versus T3 generation plants. Based on these and other analyses of sources of experimental variation, we propose guidelines for the employment of these lines to study genotoxic stress in planta.
Total absorption nuclear cascade detectors for high energy physics

Abstract A new type of detector (TANC counter) of high energy particles is proposed which operates on the principle of total absorption of all nuclear cascade products of the impinging particle. This detector will be sensitive to neutral particles (including gamma rays) as well as charged particles and will have 100% efficiency for detection. The counter can have high speed, good energy resolution, discrimination properties, large dynamic range and virtually no limit to the highest energy detectable. Some preliminary experimental results are shown which indicate that the counter will operate as expected.
Pediatric en bloc kidney transplants: excellent long-term function compared with adult living donor kidneys

Pediatric en bloc kidney transplants: excellent long-term function compared with adult living donor kidneys
USE OF LARGE DIAMETER STENTS WITH MAXIMAL EXPANSION LIMITS RE-INTERVENTION IN TREATMENT OF NATIVE COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

Questions remain regarding reintervention after percutaneous stent placement for native coarctation of the aorta (CoA). We describe our experience. All pts with native CoA treated with stent placement between 1997 and 2013 at our institution were included. Records prior to intervention and during
Electrochemistry of TEMPO in the Aqueous Liquid/Vapor Interfacial Region: Measurements of the Lateral Mobility and Kinetics of Surface Partitioning †

A new method is described to simultaneously determine the kinetics of surface partitioning and the lateral diffusion constant of redox active amphiphiles. It concerns water-soluble amphiphiles for which the surface adsorption equilibrium constant and the solution diffusion constant are measured independently. The method involves cyclic voltammetric experiments carried out at the air/water interface with microband electrodes aligned with the plane of the water surface. Typically, 100 nm wide, 1.0 cm long microband electrodes are fabricated by the vacuum vapor deposition of gold films on glass. The front face of the electrode substrates are coated with impermeable, dimensionally stable, polymer barrier films with thickness L in the range of ∼0.1−1.0 μm. Fracturing such gold-coated glass substrates exposes gold microbands. The recorded voltammetric current sensitively depends on the barrier film thickness, the surfactant surface diffusion constant, Dsurf, and its rate constant of desorption, kdes. For a give...
Generalizing treatment effects of functional family therapy: Three replications

Abstract Functional Family Therapy with status delinquents has undergone careful scrutiny in well designed studies that included random assignment, realistic comparison treatment programs, formally trained therapists, and reasonable follow-up periods. The current report describes three replications in which FFT has been extended to new populations, has utilized less formally trained therapists, and has been applied in new treatment contexts. Taken together the replications provide important support for the generalizability of FFT across client and therapist populations.
Self-Assembly of Fluorescent Inclusion Complexes in Competitive Media Including the Interior of Living Cells

Anthracene-containing tetralactam macrocycles are prepared and found to have an extremely high affinity for squaraine dyes in chloroform (log Ka = 5.2). Simply mixing the two components produces highly fluorescent, near-infrared inclusion complexes in quantitative yield. An X-ray crystal structure shows the expected hydrogen bonding between the squaraine oxygens and the macrocycle amide NH residues, and a high degree of cofacial aromatic stacking. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the assembly process are very sensitive to small structural changes in the binding partners. For example, a macrocycle containing two isophthalamide units associates with the squaraine dye in chloroform 400 000 times faster than an analogous macrocycle containing two 2,6-dicarboxamidopyridine units. Squaraine encapsulation also occurs in highly competitive media such as mixed aqueous/organic solutions, vesicle membranes, and the organelles within living cells. The highly fluorescent inclusion complexes possess emergent properti...
Perception of total reflection by Barbus.

Two fish (Barbus conchonius) were initially trained to discriminate between two stimuli presented just under the water surface. Unreinforced transfer trials of the same stimuli reflected at the water-air interface were then interspersed among the direct image trials. A high degree of transfer of learning was evident during the first 30 transfer trials after which discriminative learning became evident. The results suggested that the fish could not only perceive images readily within the totally reflected region of its visual field but could discriminate between real images and reflected images shown at similar visual angles.
Significance of Middle Cambrian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic units for global correlation: southern Nevada, USA

Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the Middle Cambrian Highland Peak, Bonanza King, Swasey, and Wheeler formations in the Great Basin refines platform-to-basin correlations and distinguishes local tectonic events from eustasy. This analysis provides a reliable sea-level history through the Ptychagnostus gibbus and Ptychagnostus atavus trilobite intervals and confirms that the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at the first appearance datum (FAD) of P. atavus was deposited during an overall sea-level rise. Deposition during the Middle Cambrian Ehmaniella/Bolaspidella biozones in the western U.S. is represented by two lithologically distinct successions: (1) a poorly fossiliferous, shallow-water, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession that is widespread across southern Nevada and southeastern California and (2) a highly fossiliferous, deeper water, fine-grained, siliciclastic succession in central Nevada and western Utah. The deeper water succession was deposited within the fault-controlled House Range Embayment and contains the P. atavus GSSP. Correlation of these disparate successions had been hampered by a lack of high-resolution biostratigraphic data, and limited chemostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. In this study, sequence-stratigraphic analysis indicates that the Condor Member of the Highland Peak Formation and the “mixed unit” of the Bonanza King Formation are the shallow-water platform equivalents of the basal Wheeler Formation encompassing the P. gibbus and lower P. atavus zones. The deepening event that is recorded in the P. gibbus Zone represents a major flooding surface that may be used as an important event marker for regional and global correlation. The overlying P. atavus GSSP, however, is within the later stage of transgression and may represent a globally synchronous event that can be correlated from platform to basin.
A prospective, nonrandomized study of the impact of amifostine on subsequent hypothyroidism in irradiated patients with head and neck cancers.

The daily administration of subcutaneous amifostine to patients with head and neck cancers before each radiation fraction may reduce the long-term incidence of hypothyroidism (HT) after radiotherapy to the neck and may provide an additional indication for amifostine (Ethyol) use. Cancers of the head and neck afflict 40,000 patients yearly in the United States, and radiotherapy plays a pivotal role in the management of at least half of these patients. Patients commonly are treated with radiation alone, combined surgery and radiation, or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Local control of disease is achieved in many patients who are at risk for late sequelae of treatment that may diminish quality of life.
Natural fluorescence as a tracer for distinguishing between piedmont and coastal plain river water in the nearshore waters of Georgia and North Carolina

Natural fluorescence, dissolved silica and salinity were investigated as possible tracers to distinguish between piedmont river and coastal plain river waters discharged into the ocean off North Carolina and Georgia. In the Georgia study area, dissolved silica was not suitable for use as a tracer because silica concentrations were variable and did not mix conservatively with seawater. In the North Carolina study area, dissolved silica concentrations exhibited too much short-term variability for tracer use. In both areas, natural fluorescence was a suitable tracer. Additional investigations relevant to tracer application were made of the method for determining natural fluorescence; these include dependence on temperature of analysis, pH dependence, sample storage effect, sensitivity, correlation with total organic carbon and possible interferences from chlorophyll a , lignin sulfonates, detergents, petroleum and iron.
Squaring the circle: Dealing with intelligence‐policy breakdowns

(1991). Squaring the circle: Dealing with intelligence‐policy breakdowns. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 141-153.
A Solar Radiation Model for Use in Climate Studies

A solar radiation routine is developed for use in climate studies that includes absorption and scattering due to ozone, water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, clouds, and aerosols. Rayleigh scattering is also included. Broadband parameterization is used to compute the absorption by water vapor in a clear atmosphere, and the k-distribution method is applied to compute fluxes in a scattering atmosphere. The reflectivity and transmissivity of a scattering layer are computed analytically using the delta-four-stream discrete-ordinate approximation. The two-stream adding method is then applied to compute fluxes for a composite of clear and scattering layers. Compared to the results of high spectral resolution and detailed multiple-scattering calculations, fluxes and heating rate are accurately computed to within a few percent. The high accuracy of the flux and heating-rate calculations is achieved with a reasonable amount of computing time. With the UV and visible region grouped into four bands, this solar radiation routine is useful not only for climate studies but also for studies on photolysis in the upper atmosphere and photosynthesis in the biosphere.
Two-thumb versus two-finger chest compression during CPR in a swine infant model of cardiac arrest

Study objective: To test the hypothesis that two-thumb chest compression generates higher arterial and coronary perfusion pressures than the current American Heart Association-approved two-finger method. Design: Randomized, crossover experimental trial. Setting and participants: Animal laboratory experiment with seven swine of either sex weighing 9.4 kg (SD, 0.8 kg), representing infants less than 1 year old. Interventions: Animals were sedated with IM ketamine/xylazine, intubated with a 6.0 Hi-Lo endotracheal tube, anesthetized with α-chloralose, and paralyzed with pancuronium. ECG was monitored continuously. Left femoral arterial and Swan-Ganz catheters were placed. Cardiac arrest was induced with an IV bolus of KCl and verified by ECG and pressure tracings. Five American Heart Association-certified basic rescuers were randomly assigned to perform external chest compressions for one minute by either the currently recommended two-finger method or the two-thumb and thorax-squeeze method. After all five completed their first trial, rescuers crossed over to the other method for a second minute of compressions. Ventilation was performed with a bag-valve device, and no drugs were given during CPR. After three complete cycles, the fourth through sixth cycles of compressions were recorded. Every compression was analyzed for arterial systolic, diastolic, mean, and coronary perfusion pressures. One thousand fifty compressions were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance and Scheffe multiple comparisons. Results: Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure were all significantly higher ( P Conclusion: The two-thumb method of chest compression generates significantly higher arterial and coronary perfusion pressures than the two-finger method in this infant model of cardiac arrest.