cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lateralized brain dysfunction in autism: evidence from the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery.

Selected tests from the Halstead Reitan neuropsychological battery were administered to 10 male individuals who had been diagnosed as autistic in early childhood. Results from the battery obtained from the autistic group were compared with a group of retarded persons matched for IQ and with a group of patients with demonstrable diffuse brain damage. As a group, the autistic subjects showed a pattern of deficits indicative of a significantly greater degree of left hemisphere dysfunction than either comparison group. Furthermore, within-subject comparisons revealed that the autistic group had a significantly greater left than right hemisphere dysfunction, while neither comparison group showed this lateralized pattern.
Atmospheric Media Calibration for the Deep Space Network

Two tropospheric calibration systems have been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) using different technologies to achieve different levels of accuracy, timeliness, and range of coverage for support of interplanetary NASA flight operations. The first part of this paper describes an automated GPS-based system that calibrates the zenith tropospheric delays. These calibrations cover all times and can be mapped to any line of sight using elevation mapping functions. Thus they can serve any spacecraft with no prior scheduling or special equipment deployment. Centimeter-level accuracy is provided with 1-h latency and better than 1-cm accuracy after 12 h, limited primarily by rapid fluctuations of the atmospheric water vapor. The second part describes a more accurate line-of-sight media calibration system that is primarily based on a narrow beam, gain-stabilized advanced water vapor radiometer developed at JPL. We discuss experiments that show that the wet troposphere in short baseline interferometry can be calibrated such that the Allan standard deviation of phase residuals, a unitless measure of the average fractional frequency deviation, is better than 2times10-15 on time scales of 2000 to approximately 10 000 s.
Homogeneous model immunoassay of thyroxine by phase-modulation fluorescense spectroscopy

We describe a homogeneous competitive model immunoassay for determination of thyroxine by multi-frequency phase-modulation fluorescence. Using a non-radiative energy transfer transduction mechanism, B-phycoerythrin conjugated to thyroxine is the energy donor and a carboxymethylindocyanine dye conjugated to anti-thyroxine antibody is the energy acceptor. Energy transfer from B-phycoerythrin to the acceptor results in a decreased lifetime and/or phase angle. The fluorescence lifetime change reflects the extent of energy transfer. In the competitive immunoassay format, the donor-thyroxine conjugate and an analytical sample of thyroxine compete for acceptor-antibody binding sites, resulting in a phase angle change which is dependent on the amount of thyroxine in the sample. Dose response curves of phase angle versus thyroxine concentration demonstrate a broader dynamic range than comparable steady state intensity curves. Since phase-modulation lifetime measurements are largely independent of total signal intensity, sources of optical interference are minimized. The potential for whole blood measurements exists since the energy transfer lifetime method can be extended to longer wavelengths.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anesthesia and postoperative care for cardiac operations.

Abstract Almost three decades have passed since the establishment of open-heart surgery, and in such a short life span the specialty has established itself scientifically and reached a certain maturity. New techniques, better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac problems, and the effective use of new drugs constantly improve the results of operation. Greater experience in anesthetic management and improved postoperative care will contribute much to the success of this youngest surgical specialty. This review outlines the current principles of anesthesia and postoperative care of patients undergoing cardiac operations. Preanesthetic evaluation provides guidance for anesthetic management, supportive techniques, and postoperative care. During operations, light anesthesia is usually sufficient for patients with cardiac disease and minimizes myocardial depression. Monitoring must provide data on the physiological changes that are taking place from moment to moment during and after operations. Perfusion produces a highly abnormal state, and the severity of complications varies with its duration. Introduction of new drugs has also facilitated hemodynamic management during and after operations. Postoperative care is based on careful observation of the patient and early detection of trends, both of which lead to preventive rather than curative treatment whenever possible.
Ab initio studies of diamond(100) surface reconstruction

The reconstruction of the C(100) surface is studied by a cluster model at several theoretical levels. It is found that the calculated surface-dimer bond length is very sensitive to the level of theoretical treatment, the spin state, and the degree of constraints in the geometry optimization process. A single-determinant self-consistent field (SCF) treatment gives a closed-shell singlet state, higher in energy than the triplet state, and with a dimer length of 1.401 \AA{}, 0.279 \AA{} shorter than the triplet. The dimer is found to be symmetric for both singlet and triplet states at the SCF and complete active space (2,2) levels of theory. The correct ground state is a singlet, but a multideterminant wave function is required for its description. At the configuration-interaction level, the surface-dimer bond length in the ground state is found to be 1.508 \AA{} and the energy decrease on dimer formation with respect to the ideal C(100) 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface is 2.28 eV per dimer.
Quantitation of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H gene in cells using competitive PCR and a rapid fluorescence-based detection system

A technique is described for quantitation of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) gene in cells using a quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR). Two recombinant DNA molecules, differing in size due to a 92-bp deletion within the HCMV gH sequence, were used in co-amplification studies to construct a standard curve from which the copy number of the gH gene present in clinical samples could be interpolated. The use of primers labeled with a fluorescent dye allowed direct detection of the amplified products by measuring the amount of fluorescence emitted by each specific PCR fragment with an automated DNA sequencer coupled to a software program. This system was validated subsequently using bronchoalveolar lavage cells obtained from immunocompromised patients and found to be highly sensitive and reproducible over a range of 5-50,000 HCMV gH copies. This rapid procedure could easily be applied to study the pathogenesis of HCMV infection, identify the patients at high risk of developing HCMV disease, and monitor the effects of antiviral therapy at the molecular level.
Chiral symmetry restoration in the Schwinger model with domain wall fermions

Domain Wall Fermions utilize an extra space time dimension to provide a method for restoring the regularization induced chiral symmetry breaking in lattice vector gauge theories even at finite lattice spacing. The breaking is restored at an exponential rate as the size of the extra dimension increases. Before this method can be used in dynamical simulations of lattice QCD, the dependence of the restoration rate to the other parameters of the theory and, in particular, the lattice spacing must be investigated. In this paper such an investigation is carried out in the context of the two flavor lattice Schwinger model.
What Will it Mean to be Green? Envisioning Positive Possibilities Without Dismissing Loss

Convinced of the importance of framing, many environmentalists have begun emphasizing positive visions of a happy and healthy green future rather than gloomy pictures of deprivation and sacrifice. ‘Gloom and doom’ discourses foster despair and resistance, they worry, instead of hope and motivation to change. While positive visions are crucial, though, it is ineffective to deny that living more sustainably will involve any loss. Since people value many incompatible things, living more sustainably will inevitably entail both sacrifice and reward. Environmentalists must help articulate new possibilities of a greener future without dismissing the value of what must be given up.
Protein dynamics and NMR relaxation: comparison of simulations with experiment

Comparisons between molecular dynamics simulations of proteins and experiment have been based on temperature factors1–5 derived from X-ray spectra and on the stability of hydrogen bonds6. Here we present a novel method of testing molecular dynamics simulations against nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements, based on the recently developed model-free approach7 to the interpretation of NMR data. As NMR relaxation in proteins is determined by dynamics on the picosecond–nanosecond time scale, a comparison of NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations that last for less than ∼100ps is more meaningful than previous ones3–6 involving much longer time scales. We make contact between a molecular dynamics simulation8 and a 13C-NMR relaxation study9 of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (PTI) by comparing generalized order parameters (which are measures of the extent of angular motion of the bonds) extracted from the relaxation data9 with those calculated10 from a 96-ps trajectory8. We show that the theoretical order parameters indicate less motion than their experimental counterparts. The relative flexibility of the residues studied, however, is reasonably well described by the simulation.
Speech-centric multimodal interfaces

Benefiting from the knowledge of speech, language, and hearing, a new technology has arisen to serve the users with complex information systems. This technology aims for a natural communication environment, capturing the attributes that humans favor in face-to-face exchange. Conversational interaction bears a central burden, with visual and manual signaling simultaneously supplementing the communication process. In addition to instrumenting the sensors for each mode, the interface must incorporate the context-aware algorithms in fusing and interpreting the multiple sensory channels. The ultimate objective is a reliable estimate of the user's intent, from which actionable responses can be made. The current research therefore addresses the multi-modal interfaces that can transcend from the limitations of the mouse and the keyboard. This report indicates the early status of the multimodal interfaces and identifies the emerging opportunities for enhanced usability and naturalness. It concludes by advocating the focused research on a frontier issue - the formulation of a quantitative language framework for multimodal communication.
Comparative Toxicities and Synergism of Apple Orchard Pesticides to Apis mellifera (L.) and Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski)

The topical toxicities of five commercial grade pesticides commonly sprayed in apple orchards were estimated on adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Japanese orchard bees, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). The pesticides were acetamiprid (Assail 30SG), λ-cyhalothrin (Warrior II), dimethoate (Dimethoate 4EC), phosmet (Imidan 70W), and imidacloprid (Provado 1.6F). At least 5 doses of each chemical, diluted in distilled water, were applied to freshly-eclosed adult bees. Mortality was assessed after 48 hr. Dose-mortality regressions were analyzed by probit analysis to test the hypotheses of parallelism and equality by likelihood ratio tests. For A. mellifera, the decreasing order of toxicity at LD50 was imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, dimethoate, phosmet, and acetamiprid. For O. cornifrons, the decreasing order of toxicity at LD50 was dimethoate, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and phosmet. Interaction of imidacloprid or acetamiprid with the fungicide fenbuconazole (Indar 2F) was also tested in a 1∶1 proportion for each species. Estimates of response parameters for each mixture component applied to each species were compared with dose-response data for each mixture in statistical tests of the hypothesis of independent joint action. For each mixture, the interaction of fenbuconazole (a material non-toxic to both species) was significant and positive along the entire line for the pesticide. Our results clearly show that responses of A. mellifera cannot be extrapolated to responses of O.cornifrons, and that synergism of neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides occurs using formulated product in mixtures as they are commonly applied in apple orchards.
COMMUNITY ACTIVISTS' PERCEPTIONS OF CITIZENSHIP ROLES IN AN URBAN COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF ATTITUDES THAT AFFECT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

This article addresses the linkages and barriers between civic participation and political participation in urban communities, through a qualitative case study of the attitudes of community activis...
Suppression of Prolactin Secretion by L-Dopa in the Stalk-Sectioned Rhesus Monkey

The effects of iv administration of L-dopa on serum prolactin were studied in both normal female rhesus monkeys and in monkeys in which the pituitary stalk had been previously sectioned. Revascularization of the pituitary gland was prevented by the insertion of a silastic barrier over the diaphragma sellae. Prolactin secretion was increased in all stalk-sectioned monkeys and, in contrast to intact animals, chlorpromazine administration was ineffective in further releasing prolactin. In both normal and stalk-sectioned monkeys, iv administration of L-dopa (3-120 mg) significantly inhibited prolactin release from the pituitary (P less than .005 normal; P less than .001 stalk section). L-dopa also suppressed the TRH-induced release of prolactin in both groups. These results indicate that L-dopa or dopamine may act directly on the anterior pituitary to inhibit prolactin secretion.
Sediment contributions from floodplains and legacy sediments to Piedmont streams of Baltimore County, Maryland

Abstract Disparity between watershed erosion rates and downstream sediment delivery has remained an important theme in geomorphology for many decades, with the role of floodplains in sediment storage as a common focus. In the Piedmont Province of the eastern USA, upland deforestation and agricultural land use following European settlement led to accumulation of thick packages of overbank sediment in valley bottoms, commonly referred to as legacy deposits. Previous authors have argued that legacy deposits represent a potentially important source of modern sediment loads following remobilization by lateral migration and progressive channel widening. This paper seeks to quantify (1) rates of sediment remobilization from Baltimore County floodplains by channel migration and bank erosion, (2) proportions of streambank sediment derived from legacy deposits, and (3) potential contribution of net streambank erosion and legacy sediments to downstream sediment yield within the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont. We calculated measurable gross erosion and deposition rates within the fluvial corridor along 40 valley segments from 18 watersheds with drainage areas between 0.18 and 155 km2 in Baltimore County, Maryland. We compared stream channel and floodplain morphology from lidar-based digital elevation data collected in 2005 with channel positions recorded on 1:2400 scale topographic maps from 1959–1961 in order to quantify 44–46 years of channel change. Sediment bulk density and particle size distributions were characterized from streambank and channel deposit samples and used for volume to mass conversions and for comparison with other sediment sources. Average annual lateral migration rates ranged from 0.04 to 0.19 m/y, which represented an annual migration of 2.5% (0.9–4.4%) channel width across all study segments, suggesting that channel dimensions may be used as reasonable predictors of bank erosion rates. Gross bank erosion rates varied from 43 to 310 Mg/km/y (median = 114) and were positively correlated with drainage area. Measured deposition within channels accounted for an average of 46% (28–75%) of gross erosion, with deposition increasingly important in larger drainages. Legacy sediments accounted for 6–90% of bank erosion at individual study segments, represented about 60% of bank height at most exposures, and accounted for 57% (± 16%) of the measured gross erosion. Extrapolated results indicated that first- and second-order streams accounted for 62% (± 38%) of total streambank erosion from 1005 km2 of northern Baltimore County. After accounting for estimated redeposition, extrapolated net streambank sediment yields (72 Mg/km2/y) constituted 70% of estimated average Piedmont watershed yields (104 Mg/km2/y). The results suggest that streambank sediments are a relatively large source of sediment from Piedmont tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay.
Concerning Analysis of Central Burst in Metal Forming

A criterion for the generation of internal cracks normal to and astride the central axis in a drawing or extrusion process has been based on the conditions requiring less driving force with such cracks than without. Application of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis to approximate these forces yields a criterion for central burst. However, use of the lower bound theorem indicates that the cracked work-piece will always deform with less force, so that such a criterion would always predict the occurrence of this forming defect. Energy required to initiate and extend the crack must be included for a correct analysis.
Apolipoprotein D is a component of compact but not diffuse amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease temporal cortex.

Abstract Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) cortex, localizing to cells, blood vessels, and neuropil deposits (plaques). The role of apoD in AD pathology and the extent of its co-distribution with diffuse (amorphous) and compact (dense fibrillar) amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques are currently unclear. To address this issue, we combined apoD and Aβ immunohistochemistry with ThioS/X-34 staining of the β-pleated sheet protein conformation in temporal cortex from 36 AD patients and 12 non-demented controls. ApoD-immunoreactive, Aβ-immunoreactive, and ThioS/X-34-stained plaques were detected exclusively in AD tissue. Dual-immunolabeling showed that 63% of Aβ plaques co-localized apoD. All apoD plaques contained Aβ protein and ThioS/X-34 fluorescence. Compared to controls, AD cases showed elevated vascular and intracellular apoD immunostaining which localized primarily to cells clustered within plaques and around large blood vessels. ApoD-immunoreactive cells within plaques morphologically matched MHC-II- and CD-68-immunoreactive microglia, and did not contain the astrocytic marker GFAP, which labeled a subset of apoD-immunoreactive cells surrounding plaques. These data suggest that neuropil deposits of apoD localize only to a subset of Aβ plaques, which contain compact aggregates of fibrillar Aβ. Elevated apoD in AD brain may influence Aβ aggregation, or facilitate phagocytosis and transport of Aβ fibrils from plaques to cerebral vasculature.
The Incredile Inedible Egg [Point of View]

Yesterday, at my favorite breakfast place, I ordered soft-boiled eggs. I like four minute eggs, when the yolks have not significantly begun to harden. As I began to dip bread into a cracked egg shell, my husband, who had been reading the New York Times , warned, “Are you sure this is a good idea? An additional 170 million eggs were just recalled.”
Differential uptake of dextran beads by astrocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes in mixed glial-cell cultures from brains of neonatal rats

The present study addresses a controversy over the abilities of astrocytes to perform phagocytosis. Primary glial-cell cultures were prepared from the brains of neonatal rats and were incubated with fluorescently-labeled dextran beads (molecular weights approximately 10 and approximately 40 kDa). Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were double-labeled by immunofluorescence staining of cell-specific markers, and microglia by lectin histochemistry. Cells were permitted to take up beads for 1 h, fixed, and incubated with primary antibodies, followed by fluorescent secondary antibodies or fluorescently-labeled lectin. Macrophages and astrocytes internalized beads of both sizes. In astrocyte processes the beads appeared to line up along glial filaments. The results, which provide direct evidence for uptake of beads by astrocytes in vitro and against equally rapid, if any, uptake by oligodendrocytes, bear upon issues of acid/base balance and glial cell development and are relevant to neuropathological observations in human disease.
Provenance of sand temper in Hohokam Ceramics, Arizona

Sand temper compositions of regionally distinct Hohokam pottery sherds were determined by detailed point counts using sedimentary petrographic methods. Different temper compositions from different sites were compared with maps of sand composition zones within the geographic range of the pottery in order to establish the probable provenance of each sherd. A number of probable instances of intraregional pottery exchange were identified. The larger number of sand sources in undecorated vs. decorated pottery at each site suggests that undecorated pottery was made in more places than decorated vessels, and may have been traded differently as well. Petrographic analysis of temper is a useful method for studying exchange of homogeneous pottery in geologically diverse areas, and for investigating prehistoric Hohokam interaction in the Tucson and Red Rock Basins on a scale not possible with traditional archaeological techniques.
Energetics of initial charge separation in bacterial photosynthesis: The triplet decay rate in very high magnetic fields

Abstract The triplet state of the primary electron donor is formed in bacterial reaction centers when electron transfer to the quinone is blocked. The relative quantum yield of formation and the rate of decay of the triplet state were measured in quinone-depleted reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides as a function of temperature and magnetic field up to 135 kG. By analyzing these dependences we obtain a standard free-energy difference at room temperature between the radical pair intermediate and the triplet state of 1370 ± 30 cm −1 (0.170 ± 0.004 eV), and a standard enthalpy difference of 1450 ± 70 cm −1 (0.180 ± 0.009 eV). These results differ substantially from those obtained previously using lower fields. This difference is ascribed primarily to effects of nuclear spin polarization. In combination with the known energies of the excited singlet and triplet states of the primary electron donor, we calculate that the standard free-energy change for the initial charge separation reaction is 2120 cm −1 (0.263 eV) and that the entropy change is small.
[Thermoplastic mask in radiotherapy: a source of anxiety for the patient?].

Resume Objectif de l’etude Un masque utilise pour la radiotherapie peut paraitre contraignant et anxiogene. Le but de ce travail etait donc d’evaluer l’anxiete liee au masque ainsi que les strategies d’adaptation (ou coping) mises en place par les patients. Patients et methodes Dix-neuf patients, irradies avec un masque pour un cancer ORL, une tumeur cerebrale ou un lymphome, ont ete vus par la meme psychologue a deux reprises pendant leur traitement, soit lors de la confection du masque et de la premiere seance de radiotherapie, soit en milieu et fin de traitement. Trente-quatre entretiens semi-directifs ont ete traites par une analyse thematique de contenu et 13 patients ont repondu a l’echelle State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-YB) mesurant l’anxiete etat et au questionnaire Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) evaluant les strategies de coping. Resultats Avec des moyennes comprises entre 26 et 31, les scores d’anxiete relative au masque ont ete faibles tout au long du traitement, ce qui a ete corrobore par les propos recueillis lors des entretiens semi-directifs. Une representation positive du masque (de type « ami » ou « protection ») a ete retrouvee pour 12 patients, pouvant expliquer ce faible niveau d’anxiete. La quasi-totalite des patients (12 sur 13) a utilise des strategies de coping centrees sur le probleme. Conclusion L’anxiete relative au masque est faible. Certains patients construisent une representation positive du masque. Les explications fournies par les professionnels de sante sur le masque peuvent favoriser ces representations.
Influence of ototoxic drugs on acetylcholine-induced depression of the cochlear N1 potential.

Abstract Cats were prepared to record from the cochlear round window. The cochlear potential (N 1 ) is depressed by 15–30 μg of acetylcholine administered intra-arterially before and after section of the eighth cranial nerve. The acute administration of 1.0 mg of quinine, streptomycin, kanamycin, and neomycin blocked the peripheral effectiveness of acetylcholine for durations of 20, 20, 60, and more than 120 min, respectively. The effects of dihydrostreptomycin were similar but not statistically significant. Animals treated for 7–9 days with daily subcutaneous injections of streptomycin (300 mg/kg) or neomycin (100 mg/kg) displayed a different type of dose-response than that of the controls. Eighth nerve section eliminated these responses, indicating that the antibiotics blocked the peripheral effects of acetylcholine and activated central efferent sites. While it is likely that the ototoxicity produced by these agents is correlated with their known ability to concentrate in the cochlear fluids, an additional central action upon neurons of the auditory pathways can be postulated. The disruption of the normal activity in this modulatory system could play an important role in the initiation of events resulting in ototoxicity.
Microgeometry of random composites and porous media

For practical applications of variational bounds to the effective properties of composite materials, the information available is often not that required by the formulae for the optimal bounds. It is therefore important to determine what can be said rigorously about various unknown material properties when some other properties are known. The key quantities to be analysed are the parameters zeta and eta , depending on the microgeometry through integrals of the three-point correlation functions. The physical significance of these parameters for two-phase composites and porous media is elucidated by examining the various relationships between them and material properties. The bounds on conductivity due to Beran (1965) and the bounds on elastic constants due to Beran and Molyneux (1966) and to McCoy (1970), as well as those of Milton and Phan-Thien (1982), are considered. For the special case of porous media, the formulae simplify greatly and the resulting analytical relationships between transport properties and geometrical parameters are easily interpreted. In particular, it is shown that the microgeometry parameter zeta places limits on the pore space connectivity. Examples of bounds on one effective material property from measurements of another are also derived. These include bounds correlating the effective electrical or thermal conductivities and the effective shear modulus with the effective bulk modulus. These bounds are somewhat more restrictive than the well known bounds of Hashin and Shtrikman (1962). For porous materials, measurements of bulk modulus provide bounds on electrical formation factor and vice versa.
Protamine, a substrate for thrombolytic agents and enzymes of similar specificity.

Abstract Protamine, a highly purified basic polypeptide of 4000 molecular weight containing 80–85% arginine, is a useful substrate for the assay of plasmin, activated plasminogen, and enzymes of similar specificity, e.g., urokinase, coagulation factor Xa, trypsin, and thrombin, and is also an excellent secondary substrate for activator assays of urokinase and streptokinase. The assays were performed manually, and also automated procedures for continuous multiple sample analyses were used. The relative sensitivities for various plasmin-like enzymes were: trypsin > plasmin > urokinase > factor Xa > thrombin. Using protamine with manual assay procedures, the amino-terminal groups of the enzyme-degraded protamine digestion products were detected and quantitated by the colorimetric ninhydrin or the fluorometric fluorescamine procedures, and using protamine with an automated system the ninhydrin method was used. Assigning the CTA casein assay for plasmin a nominal sensitivity of 0.1 (for 0.1 CTA unit of plasmin), the sensitivities of the various assay methods were casein, automated protamine, and manual protamine with ninhydrin, 0.1; manual protamine-trichloroacetic acid with fluorescamine, 0.005; and manual protamine direct fluorescamine, 0.0005. A unit of plasmin, based on the uptake of 1 μequiv base/min during hydrolysis of 0.4% protamine sulfate under standard conditions, is equal to approximately 1.7 × 10 3 RFI units or 2.9 CTA units; or, 1 CTA unit of plasmin resulted in an average uptake of 0.346 μmol of base or equivalent bonds split per minute.
A continuum of lateralization for speech perception

A group of 22 unselected adults and a group of 30 right-handed male adults were tested on a series of handedness measures and on a dichotic CV-syllable test. Multiple regression methods were used to determine a correlation coefficient between handedness measures and dichotic ear advantages of .69 (p < .05) for the first group and of .54 (p < .01) for the second group. Implications of these findings for the concept of cerebral dominance are discussed.
Quark coalescence for charmed mesons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract We investigate effects of charm-quark interactions in a quark–gluon plasma on the production of D and J / ψ mesons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Employing a previously constructed coalescence model that successfully reproduces the transverse momentum ( p T ) spectra and elliptic flow ( v 2 ( p T ) ) of light hadrons at RHIC from underlying light-quark distributions at the phase transition temperature T c , D-meson and J / ψ p T -spectra are evaluated. For the charm-quark distributions, we consider two limiting scenarios: (i) no rescattering, corresponding to perturbative QCD (pQCD) spectra and (ii) complete thermalization including transverse expansion. We find that D-mesons acquire a minimal v 2 inherited from their light-quark content and corresponding semileptonic decay spectra of single electrons practically preserve the v 2 of the parent particles, exhibiting marked differences between the pQCD and thermal scenarios for p T ⩾ 1 GeV . Likewise, the p T -spectra and yields of J / ψ 's differ appreciably in the two scenarios.
Variational Perturbation Method Based on the Principle of Moments

A simple practical variational perturbation method based on the approximate calculation of the moments of the resolvent operator is developed. The method has been applied to the $(1S)^{2}S$ state of the helium atom. The trial wave functions have been expanded in terms of naturally spaced groups of Hylleraas functions up to 95 terms. The 95 term trial function gives an upper bound of -2.903724305 atomic units to the ground-state energy. Other numerical results have been compared with the 21st-order perturbation energies of Midtdal and other previous calculations. It is found that comparable results can be obtained by the present simple calculation.
THE OXIDASE SYSTEM OF HETEROTROPHICALLY-GROWN RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM.

Abstract Membrane fragments from exponential phase cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum, grown aerobically in the dark, can be obtained by incubation with lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) at pH 7.3 in Tris buffer, followed by disruption in a French Pressure cell and purification by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Average oxidase activities with NADH and succinate as substrates are 250 and 180 mμmoles O2 absorbed per min per mg protein, respectively. Other electron donors give comparable values. Regardless of the electron donor used, there is marked inhibition by CO, which is photoreversible. Low temperature difference spectra (dithionite, reduced minus ferricyanide, oxidized) show the α-peak of c-type cytochromes and an asymmetrical α-peak of b-type cytochromes. The latter peak is composed of contributions from at least two separate b-type cytochromes. The first is a b-type cytochrome of low potential associated apparently with the succinate dehydrogenase activity, the second present in lesser amounts is a high potential, CO-binding cytochrome with a protohaem prosthetic group. No a-type cytochrome is present. Evidence is presented which supports the conclusion that this CO-binding pigment is the functional oxidase of dark-grown R. rubrum and is not related to Rhodospirillum haem protein, the variant c-type cytochrome present in light-grown cells, but absent, on the basis of spectrochemical and immunochemical assays, from dark-grown cells.
The activity of selected soluble enzymes in the avian nasal salt gland.

Ten adult western gulls (Larus occidentalis) ranging in weight from 761–1,004 gm were studied. The gulls were fed 3% NaCl in their drinking water. They were killed by decapitation, and the salt glands, weighing 0.51–0.78 gm were cooled, homogenized in 0.14 M KCl, centrifuged at 0–4°C at 20,000 × G for 30 minutes and the supernatant used for all enzymes assays. All assays were conducted at 25°C by observing the changes in absorbancy with time using a Gilford Multiple Absorbance Recorder. The enzymes were assayed by measuring either the appearance or disappearance of NADH or NADPH at 340 mμ. The average units of enzyme activity (the amount of enzyme required to form 1 μM of substrate per minute ) per gram of salt gland were as follows: phosphoglucomutase, 0.62; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 1.40; aldolase, 2.86; lactic dehydrogenase, 90.1; isocitric dehydrogenase, 5.08; malic enzyme, 0.92; glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, 100.5; and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, 0.50. The protein content of the salt glands varied from 62.5–87.6 mg protein/gm. On the basis of an adjusted calculation of energy yields from the glycolytic scheme and the Krebs cycle, it would appear that only one-third of the energy derived from these pathways would be necessary to maintain the maximum rate of salt secretion, leaving the other two-thirds for other cellular processes. Glutamate metabolism may also be important as an energy source in the salt gland.
Identifying Alterable Patterns in Employment Success for Highly Successful Adults with Learning Disabilities

Adults with learning disabilities were studied to ascertain the patterns of successful functioning that promoted high levels of vocational success. This area of research has been neglected in the developing research base on adults with learning disabilities. In this study of 46 highly successful and 25 moderately successful adults with learning disabilities using ethnographic interviews, it was found that the overriding theme was control and that control was sought through the pursuit of two sets of themes--internal decisions and external manifestations. These themes transcended the entire sample, and the clear difference between the groups was the degree of attainment on the various elements the themes comprised. These elements and themes are discussed and a model of successful vocational functioning is developed and explained.
The Dissimilar Significance of Functional and Experiential Beliefs when Marketing Brands in Cross-Cultural Settings

Drawing from social science literatures, this paper proffers and examines a theory that firms should adapt their marketing strategies in cross-cultural settings in order to reflect the dissimilar significance of their brand’s functional and experiential elements in disparate cultures. Employing American and Chinese respondents, the paper tests hypotheses that empirically examine whether there is support for the discussed theory. It presents the findings, some which were unexpected, and offers new insight into the ongoing standardized vs. localized marketing strategy debate, with respect to marketing brand(s) in cross-cultural settings. The paper also provides a future research program to further our understanding of which marketing strategies are more apposite in cross-cultural settings.
Patch size of forest openings and arthropod populations.

Five sizes of canopy openings (0.016 ha to 10 ha) were established in the Southern Appalachian Mountains in early 1982 to examine the initial patterns of plant and arthropod establishment across a size range of forest disturbances. Vegetation standing crop after the first growing season was considerably higher in large than small openings in apparent response to greater resource release (e.g., sunlight) in larger openings. Woody stump and root sprouts were the dominant mode of revegetation in each patch size. Forest dominants such as Quercus rubra, Q. prinus and Carya spp. were less important as sprouters in openings than several minor forest components (e.g., Robinia pseudo-acacia, Acer rubrum, Halesia carolina and Cornus florida). Arthropod abundance and community composition varied across the size range of forest openings. Arthropods from the surrounding forest readily utilized the smallest canopy openings (0.016 ha). All feeding guilds were well represented in these small openings and herbivore biomass and load (mg of herbivores/g of foliage) were much higher than in larger patches. In contrast, arthropod abundance and species richness were significantly lower in mid-size than smaller patches. The relatively sparse cover and high sunlight in mid-size openings may have promoted surface heat buildups or soil surface/litter moisture deficits which restricted arthropod entry from the surrounding forest. Arthropod abundance and species richness were higher in large than mid-size patches. The greater vegetation cover in larger openings may have minimized the deleterious effects on arthropod populations. However, the absence of population increases among these arthropod species maintained herbivore loads at very low levels in large patches. Our results suggest that arthropod abundance and diversity in sprout-dominated forest openings are highly dependent on the extent of environmental differences between patch and surrounding forest.
Isokinetic Concentric Versus Eccentric Training of Shoulder Rotators with Functional Evaluation of Performance Enhancement in Elite Tennis Players

Thirty elite tennis players were randomly assigned to three groups to evaluate shoulder isokinetic internal and external rotation training: an isokinetic concentric group, an isokinetic eccentric group, and a control group with no training. Subjects were tested before and after training both concentrically and eccentrically using an isokinetic dynamometer. Functional output before and after training was assessed by the average and peak velocity of six maximal serves. The effect of training on serve velocity endurance was also assessed. Statistically significant concentric and eccentric strength gains (11%) were obtained in both training groups when compared with controls (decreased total average strain of 2%) (P < 0.0004). Serve velocity increased by greater than 11% in both training groups, which was a significant increase from the average of 1% in the control group (P < 0.0001). In the endurance study, training group subjects displayed a tendency to maintain their serve velocity (loss of approximately 2%) greater than controls (loss of 6.4%) (P < 0.05). Isokinetic training led to increases in objective and functional output in elite tennis players. This training regimen may have significance in the final stages of the rehabilitation of injured shoulders as well as in improved performance and reduced injury risk.
Time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations for O-16 + O-16 and Ca-40 + Ca-40 reactions

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation is applied to $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ + $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ + $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ reactions. An effective interaction which results in a local Hartree-Fock potential is used. The full time-dependent Hartree-Fock problem is reduced to two dimensions by treating the relative orbital motion of the ions in the rotating frame approximation. The detailed dynamics of the nuclear density matrix during these reactions is discussed. The deflection function, energy loss, fragment charge distribution, and ion-ion potential have been computed for several reactions and compared with available data. The physical content and limitations of our calculations are discussed.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{16}\mathrm{O}(^{12}\mathrm{O}, x)$ and $^{40}\mathrm{O}(^{40}\mathrm{O}, x)$ in time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. Fusion and strongly damped collisions.
Psychosocial characteristics of young violent offenders: a comparative study

When young people commit violent crimes such as homicide, the act is sometimes attributed to poorly controlled anger, rage or paranoid symptomatology. To test this assertion, we hypothesised that young men incarcerated for murder would show more anger, hostility and paranoid ideation, as well as increased levels of global psychopathology, than a cohort of non-violent offenders and normal high school students. These predictions were not supported. Young murderers were indistinguishable from the two control groups on the MMPI-A, the State-Trait Anger Scale, and the SCL-90-R. Moreover, they showed no evidence of increased anger, paranoid features or global psychopathology relative to standardisation samples. Rather than being differentiated by personality characteristics, the data suggest that a history of gang membership and violent behaviour do a better job of discriminating between these groups. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Effects of Corporate Ownership on Public Accountants' Professionalism and Ethics

The current trend toward corporate acquisitions of CPA firms poses potential threats to the autonomy and ethical standards of public accounting professionals. This recent consolidation movement suggests that for the first time a significant number of public accounting professionals are subject to the supervision and control of nonprofessionals. In addition to acknowledging the potential threats to auditor independence and objectivity, this paper suggests that these new organizational arrangements for the provision of public accounting services have other negative effects on professionalism and ethics such as desensitizing CPAs to traditional professional values, and subverting professional institutions to the goals of corporate employers. This paper develops a framework that identifies several specific research questions related to the effects of corporate ownership on professionalism and ethics in public accounting.
Logic and the Editor

The implication of the first sentence is that, as editors, we might (should?) have done more to clean up our contributors’ acts. I find that suggestion more than a little surprising, considering how Stolzenberg focuses on the likelihood of misreading – even acknowledging the possibility that some of his own interpretations, in the review, result from misunderstandings. How then can he (or anyone) be sure that what he thinks is author X’s misreading, or a misuse of logic, isn’t in fact his misreading of X, or his own unconvincing logical argument? For example, Stolzenberg devotes a significant amount of energy to pointing out the logical flaws in the claim that relativism is selfcontradictory. That claim has also been attacked by others, perhaps most thoroughly by Barbara Herrnstein Smith (1997) in a recent book. I personally favour the Stolzenberg/Smith position, but obviously many – not only Bricmont and Sokal in Labinger and Collins (2001), but also the philosophers Stolzenberg mentions, Boghossian and Nagel – do not. Haven’t they seen these counterarguments? Surely they have. How then can they persist in their ‘faulty logic’? Incompetence? Carelessness? These would be very difficult accusations to sustain, it seems to me. And, of course, charges of faulty logic can be (and are) turned around and applied in the other direction, with much the same (lack of) impact. One reasoner’s faulty logic is another’s knockdown argument.
Differentiation of Isomeric Hydrocarbons by Using [ClMn(H2O)]+ Chemical Ionization and Collision-Activated Dissociation in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

Chemical ionization (CI) using the [ClMn(H2O)]+ reagent ion combined with collision-activated dissociation is demonstrated to allow the differentiation of isomeric alkanes (C8H18 and C9H20) and alkenes (C8H16) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. The [ClMn(H2O)]+ ion reacts with each isomeric hydrocarbon molecule to produce a water replacement product [hence providing molecular weight (MW) information], with no accompanying fragmentation. Differentiation of the isomers is achieved on the basis of the different fragmentation patterns observed upon sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-activated dissociation (SORI−CAD) of the isolated water replacement products. Upon activation, the weak bond of the hydrocarbon to ClMn+ is broken. ClMn+ is the major fragment ion for linear alkanes. However, for branched alkanes and all alkenes, the leaving ClMn+ abstracts a weakly bound hydride, an alkyl anion, or an alkene from the hydrocarbon to generate diagnostic carbocation...
Brain tryptophan and the neoplastic anorexia-cachexia syndrome.

The cause of anorexia associated with neoplasia is unknown, and some investigators have suggested a central mechanism. Recent neurophy siologic studies have revealed the possible role of serotoninergic system involving tryptophan (TRP) and its indole neurotransmitter metabolites in regulating particular aspects of feeding behavior. We therefore studied plasma and brain factors affecting TRP transport through the blood-brain barrier (plasma free and total TRP, albumin, nonesterified fatty acids, plasma neutral amino acids, brain uptake index [BUI] for TRP) and central serotonin metabolism (5-HT, 5-HIAA) in young, anorexic rats bearing the Walker-256 tumor injected intramuscularly. Plasma free TRP, but not plasma total TRP, and, more important, brain TRP and brain 5-HIAA were significantly higher in tumorbearing rats than in pair-fed control animals. The results suggest an association between altered brain TRP metabolism and feeding behavior in tumorrelated anorexia. Cancer 44:1003-1008, 1979. NOREXIA AND INAPPROPRIATELY low food A intake leading to host depletion (cachexia) is a common feature in cancer and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in this disea~e.~~,~~ In experiments in rats, changes in normal feeding behavior preceding overt shortfall in food intake have been demonstrated soon after tumor implantati~n.’~”~*’* In man, it has been observed that progressive hypophagia can start at an early cancer ~tage.~~.~~ Although the physiologic factors regulating food intake are only partially defined, it has been suggested that abnormal metabolism resulting from tumor-host interaction disrupts normal eating behavior in an undetermined way. Recently, the brain content of the neurotransmitter serotonin and its precursor tryptophan (TRP) has received attention for their potential role in the physiologic regulation of feeding
All-optical nonlinear switches based on Y-shaped plasmonic waveguides

We introduce extremely compact all-optical nonlinear switches based on Y-shaped plasmonic waveguides. We consider a Y-shaped structure, consisting of a subwavelength metal-dielectric-metal input waveguide branch connected to two metal-dielectric-metal output waveguide branches. The Y-shaped channel is embedded in a metallic film and filled with a Kerr nonlinear material. We show that such a device can be designed to function as a switch between the two output branches, controlled by the intensity of the incident light. We also show that the Y-shaped plasmonic structure can be used as a tunable optical splitter.