cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Necrotizing enterocolitis in term neonates: A different disease process?

Abstract Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has been a long-recognized complication of prematurity, but there is a paucity of studies on term infants. We sought to characterize the clinical presentation and outcomes of full term (FT) infants with NEC and compare these to our experience with preterm (PT) neonates. Methods We conducted a chart review of infants admitted to the NICU at University of Michigan with a diagnosis of NEC for over a 10-year period with a Modified Bell stage of 2 or greater. We compared the outcomes and comorbidities of PT against those of FT, defined as gestational age at birth below and above 37 weeks, respectively. Results Out of 170 infants, 28(17%) were FT. FT neonates were more likely to have undergone cardiac surgery for a congenital defect, excluding PDA ligation (64% vs. 8%)*. When compared to FT infants, PT infants were more likely to require surgical intervention (18% vs. 59%)*, have Bell stage 3 disease (82% vs. 43%)*, require vasopressor support (21% vs. 42%)+, and require ventilatory support (43% vs 75%)*. *p Conclusion FT neonates present with different patterns of disease and have different outcomes, suggesting that this may be a different clinical entity than NEC in preterm infants. Type of study Retrospective review Level of evidence Level III
Automatic method for thalamus parcellation using multi-modal feature classification.

Segmentation and parcellation of the thalamus is an important step in providing volumetric assessment of the impact of disease on brain structures. Conventionally, segmentation is carried out on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and nuclear parcellation using diffusion weighted MR images. We present the first fully automatic method that incorporates both tissue contrasts and several derived features to first segment and then parcellate the thalamus. We incorporate fractional anisotrophy, fiber orientation from the 5D Knutsson representation of the principal eigenvectors, and connectivity between the thalamus and the cortical lobes, as features. Combining these multiple information sources allows us to identify discriminating dimensions and thus parcellate the thalamic nuclei. A hierarchical random forest framework with a multidimensional feature per voxel, first distinguishes thalamus from background, and then separates each group of thalamic nuclei. Using a leave one out cross-validation on 12 subjects we have a mean Dice score of 0.805 and 0.799 for the left and right thalami, respectively. We also report overlap for the thalamic nuclear groups.
Teachers’ perceptions of children’s Kindergarten readiness in Slovakia

Kindergarten requirements are changing across the world as early school readiness has been linked to future school success. However, smaller European countries like Slovakia often lack a research b...
Association Between Blood Pressure and Later-Life Cognition Among Black and White Individuals.

Importance Black individuals are more likely than white individuals to develop dementia. Whether higher blood pressure (BP) levels in black individuals explain differences between black and white individuals in dementia risk is uncertain. Objective To determine whether cumulative BP levels explain racial differences in cognitive decline. Design, Setting, and Participants Individual participant data from 5 cohorts (January 1971 to December 2017) were pooled from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Offspring Study, and Northern Manhattan Study. Outcomes were standardized astscores (mean [SD], 50 [10]); a 1-point difference represented a 0.1-SD difference in cognition. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 12.4 (5.9-21.0) years. Analysis began September 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in global cognition, and secondary outcomes were change in memory and executive function. Exposures Race (black vs white). Results Among 34 349 participants, 19 378 individuals who were free of stroke and dementia and had longitudinal BP, cognitive, and covariate data were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age at first cognitive assessment was 59.8 (10.4) years and ranged from 5 to 95 years. Of 19 378 individuals, 10 724 (55.3%) were female and 15 526 (80.1%) were white. Compared with white individuals, black individuals had significantly faster declines in global cognition (−0.03 points per year faster [95% CI, −0.05 to −0.01];P = .004) and memory (−0.08 points per year faster [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.06];P Conclusions and Relevance These results suggest that black individuals’ higher cumulative BP levels may contribute to racial differences in later-life cognitive decline.
Polarized Pluralism: Organizational Preferences and Biases in the American Pressure System

For decades, critics of pluralism have argued that the American interest group system exhibits a significantly biased distribution of policy preferences. We evaluate this argument by measuring groups’ revealed preferences directly, developing a set of ideal point estimates, IGscores, for over 2,600 interest groups and 950 members of Congress on a common scale. We generate the scores by jointly scaling a large dataset of interest groups’ positions on congressional bills with roll-call votes on those same bills. Analyses of the scores uncover significant heterogeneity in the interest group system, with little conservative skew and notable inter-party differences in preference correspondence between legislators and ideologically similar groups. Conservative bias and homogeneity reappear, however, when weighting IGscores by groups’ PAC contributions and lobbying expenditures. These findings suggest that bias among interest groups depends on the extent to which activities like PAC contributions and lobbying influence policymakers’ perceptions about the preferences of organized interests.
Estimation of Smooth Functionals of Location Parameter in Gaussian and Poincaré Random Shift Models: Estimation of Smooth functionals

Let E be a separable Banach space and let $f:E\mapsto {\mathbb {R}}$ be a smooth functional. We discuss a problem of estimation of f(𝜃) based on an observation X = 𝜃 + ξ, where 𝜃 ∈ E is an unknown parameter and ξ is a mean zero random noise, or based on n i.i.d. observations from the same random shift model. We develop estimators of f(𝜃) with sharp mean squared error rates depending on the degree of smoothness of f for random shift models with distribution of the noise ξ satisfying Poincare type inequalities (in particular, for some log-concave distributions). We show that for sufficiently smooth functionals f these estimators are asymptotically normal with a parametric convergence rate. This is done both in the case of known distribution of the noise and in the case when the distribution of the noise is Gaussian with covariance being an unknown nuisance parameter.
Abstract IA03: Engineering artificial antigen presenting cells, aAPC, for cancer immunotherapy: From bench to bedside

Adoptive Cellular Therapies, ACT, are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment of cancer that, clinically, have had significant successes and yet many challenges remain that prevent ACT approaches from becoming front line therapy. In this presentation we will discuss the challenges associated with current approaches and show how artificial Antigen Presenting Cells, aAPC-based approaches help overcome those challenges. Thus, aAPC based approaches represent an off-shelf, scalable approach to production of clinical scale and grade T cells for the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Citation Format: Jonathan P. Schneck. Engineering artificial antigen presenting cells, aAPC, for cancer immunotherapy: From bench to bedside [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
On interface recombination, series resistance, and absorber diffusion length in BiI3 solar cells

Bismuth triiodide is a lead-free direct wide-bandgap solution-processable semiconductor that could be an alternative to lead-based perovskites in tandem or multijunction solar cells. However, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction BiI3 solar cells remains low. Here, we determine the main loss mechanisms of BiI3 solar cells in both n-i-p and p-i-n architectures. Overall, p-i-n devices have higher power conversion efficiency than that of n-i-p. It is found that n-i-p devices have higher (and significant) non-radiative recombination at the interface of the BiI3/transport layer, resulting in a lower open-circuit voltage than p-i-n devices. Moreover, the high series resistance (>70 Ω cm2) and a low average electron–hole diffusion length (∼60 nm) contributes to the low short-circuit current density (<5 mA/cm2) and fill factor (<40%) in all devices. In addition, interface recombination also reduces short-circuit current density. Finally, we demonstrate that lithium doping of BiI3 can increase the diffusion length of BiI3 to improve the performance of BiI3 solar cells. Solar cells with the configuration ITO/NiOx/Li:BiI3/PC61BM/bis-C60/LiF/Ag obtain a power conversion efficiency of 1.3% under AM 1.5 G illumination. The deep understanding of the main loss mechanisms of this work paves the way for future optimization of BiI3 solar cells.
Composite Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

We describe a composite lymphoma with recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma components manifesting as a single, perforated small intestinal tumor in a 56-year-old man with a history of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and recent relapse in the bone marrow. The resected mass had 2 morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct components; 1 showed a pleomorphic cellular infiltrate with fibrosis and contained numerous, large Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg–like cells and variants. The tumor cells were CD30+ and focally positive for CD15 but CD20–, CD79a–, and PAX-5–. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was strongly positive in the large pleomorphic tumor cells. The adjacent component displayed sheets of relatively uniform, large lymphoid cells with typical morphologic features of diffuse large cell lymphoma. The tumor cells showed uniform expression of tested B-cell antigens, absence of CD30 or CD15, and complete absence of EBV-encoded RNA. Separate molecular studies with immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene rearrangements clearly demonstrated an identical rearrangement pattern, indicating derivation from the same clone, which was confirmed by direct DNA sequencing analysis. Such distinctly different morphology, immunophenotype, and EBV status in different components within a clonally related single tumor mass is striking.
Historical Narratives and Civic Subjectification in the Aftermath of Conflict

This chapter explores the interplay between historical narratives and the citizenry-making in post-conflict times. The author examines literature on history and citizenship education and discusses the ‘transactional’ dynamic and the sociopolitical implications of telling a particular narrative that ascribes meanings to the past, while shaping and orienting the citizen-subject in the present. This chapter covers three sections: First, the normative framing of post-conflict citizens. Second, different types of historical narratives relevant to citizens’ subjectivity. Third, future steps toward empirical studies focusing on the synergies between civic subjectivity and historical narratives that expand our views and understandings on postwar youth positioning and agency in face of the prospects, possibilities, drawbacks, and uncertainties in the aftermath of conflict.
A Micro-simulation Framework for Studying CAVs Behavior and Control Utilizing a Traffic Simulator, Chassis Simulation, and a Shared Roadway Friction Database

The ability of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to share information such as road friction and geometry has the potential to improve the safety, capacity, and efficiency of roadway systems, and the study of these systems often necessitates synergistic investigation of the vehicle, traffic behavior, and road conditions. This paper presents a micro-simulation framework for studying CAVs behavior and control utilizing a traffic simulator, chassis simulation, and a shared roadway friction database. The simulation utilizes three levels of data representations: 1) a traffic representation that explains how vehicles interact with each other and follow location-specific rules of the road, 2) a vehicle dynamic representation of the Newtonian response of the vehicle to driver inputs interacting with the vehicle which in turn interacts with the pavement, and finally 3) a road surface representation that represents how friction of roadway changes with space and time. The interactions between these representations are mediated by a spatiotemporal database. The framework is demonstrated through a CAVs application example showing how the mapping of road friction enables advanced vehicle control by allowing the database-mediated preview of road friction. This framework extends readily to real-time implementation on actual CAVs systems, providing great potential for improving CAVs control performance and stability via database-mediated feedback systems, not only in simulation, but also in practice.
Studies of SMOOTHENED Activation in Cell-Free and Reconstituted Systems

Much of our current understanding of Hedgehog signal transduction derives from studies involving intact cells and organisms. Here we describe the use of cell-free and reconstituted systems to study a key step in Hedgehog signal transduction: the activation of SMOOTHENED by membrane lipids. These methods can be adapted to study other steps in Hedgehog signal transduction, particularly those that occur at the membrane.
Please report Kawasaki disease.

In a letter to the editor in the July 1977 issue of Pediatrics (60:133), Drs. John and Wilson drew attention to the geographic prevalence of Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). Kawasaki disease has been reported not only from Japan, Korea, Canada, Greece, Hawaii, and the continental United States, but also Australia,1 Belgium,2 the Netherlands,3 Italy,4 West Germany,5 Sweden,6 England,7 Scotland,8 and Turkey,9 as well as Spain, Mexico, Taiwan province, and the Philippines (Center for Disease Control [CDC], unpublished data).
Rail Transit Operating Cost Guidelines

Operating costs may be estimated at several levels of detail, ranging from the simple application of unit costs per car-mile or car-hour, to the preparation of a complete manning table and other refinements, depending on the level of accuracy required for the individual application. The need for this type of estimate prompted the development of the set of guidelines that forms the subject of this paper. The so-called “yardstick concept” that evolves utilizes unit measures of work and cost derived from actual operating systems to estimate generalized manpower requirements and operating costs for planned urban rail systems. Following an analysis of present transit accounting practices, factors affecting operating costs, and the development of the yardstick concept, an estimate prepared for Atlanta with the aid of the guidelines is presented.
Misuse of Scientific Evidence by Prosecutors

A prosecutor's courtroom conduct is circumscribed by several legal and ethical constraints. A prosecuting attorney occupies two distinct but simultaneous roles in the criminal justice system - an adversarial role and a quasi-judicial role. A prosecutor in her adversarial role is the attorney for the government and may vigorously seek to convict persons charged with crimes. A prosecutor in her quasi-judicial role, however, has a different mission, namely, a constitutional and ethical duty not merely to win a conviction, but also to seek justice. The prosecutor's role as a minister of justice includes preeminently a duty to seek the truth. The duty to seek the truth derives from several sources: first, the prosecutor's obligation under due process not to use false evidence or to suppress evidence materially favorable to the defendant; second, the prosecutor's ethical obligation to have confidence in the truth of the evidence before bringing criminal charges; third, the prosecutor's virtual monopoly of the evidence and domination of the fact-finding process; and fourth, the prosecutor's unique power to affect the evaluation of the facts by the fact-finder who views the prosecutor as an expert who can be trusted to use the facts responsibly. The following sections focus on the various ways that prosecutors misuse scientific evidence. The opportunity for misconduct is present in each of three principal stages of a trial: (1) pre-trial proceedings involving disclosure and discovery of scientific evidence, (2) questioning scientific forensic experts and introducing into evidence scientific exhibits, and (3) closing argument to the jury.
Isolation of murine natural killer cells

This unit describes the isolation of natural killer (NK) cells from mouse spleen. The basic protocol describes a method for preparing a highly purified NK cell population from mouse spleen by depletion of contaminating cells with selected monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and magnetic separation. There are several advantages to this negative selection process. One of these is that the NK cells are not coated with antibody and, therefore, are not at risk of functional perturbation by antibody cross-linking. Additionally, negative selection provides a way to isolate diverse subpopulations of NK cells without selectively purifying a specific subpopulation. Following enrichment, NK cell purity can be assessed by cell surface phenotype using flow cytometry.
Reflexions sobre l'holisme

Aquest article es una traduccio al catala d'un text d'Ernest LePore on aquest recull algunes questions basiques sobre les propietats intencionals i si cal tractar-les de forma holistica, seguint el plantejament previ que l'autor i en Jerry Fodor van presentar al llibre Holism: A Shopper i Guide. L'article descriu les caracteristiques principals de les propietats intencionals i examina si realrnent defensar I'existincia d'aquestes ens ha de portar a creure en l'holisrne sernantic. LePore distingueix entre propietats atbmiques, anatbrniques i holistes, defensant que la postura mes raonable es considerar que les propietats intencionals son de caire anato- mic sense necessitat de ser holistes. S'examinen criticament alguns arguments que volen mostrar la viabilitat de l'holisme a partir de la idiosincrasia de les propietats intencionals, es comenten algunes de les critiques efectuades per aitres iilbsofs a tesis defensades a Holism: A Shopperj Guide i es critica la posicio atomisa pel que fa a les propietats intencionals.
Oligomerization of Hsp70 upon insertion into lipid membranes (785.2)

Heat shock proteins (hsp) are well recognized for their protein folding activity. Additionally, hsp expression is enhanced during stress conditions to preserve cellular homeostasis. Hsp are also de...
Apreciaciones de las/los estudiantes de 1° C 2012 sobre el módulo Enfoque Sociocultural de la Educación en el IFD N°12, Neuquén

Hablar de evaluacion en procesos de formacion no es sencillo. Menos aun si se trata de evaluar los procesos que despliegan las/los alumnas/os ingresantes en un terciario. En este trabajo se intentan aportar algunos elementos que contribuyan a re-pensar el proceso de evaluacion en el modulo Enfoque Sociocultural de la Educacion.
Loss and gain of the juvenile rudiment and metamorphic competence during starvation and feeding of bryozoan larvae.

SUMMARY In many animals, larval structures and juvenile rudiments develop independently. One advantage of this independence is that juvenile rudiments can be expended as a nutrient reserve or for energy conservation. When bryozoan cyphonautes larvae were starved, structures required for settlement and metamorphosis shrank. When the larvae were again fed, these structures grew back. Starvation reduced the size of both the internal sac, a rudiment of postlarval juvenile structures, and the pyriform organ, which functions in sensing and crawling on the substratum at settlement. In contrast, starvation affected neither the size of the larval shell nor the lengths of the ciliary bands used in swimming and feeding. Starved larvae that had reduced the pyriform organ and internal sac did not metamorphose in response to stimuli from a laminarian alga. The laminarian alga did stimulate metamorphosis of the same larvae after renewed feeding, when the larvae had regrown these structures. Thus starved larvae expended body parts needed for settlement and metamorphosis when food was scarce while retaining structures for feeding, swimming, and defense. Starved larvae thereby retained the capacity to regrow structures needed for settlement and metamorphosis when they again encountered food. Advantages from expendable juvenile rudiments may enhance selection for their being developmentally distinct from structures for larval swimming and feeding.
Loosely Coupled In Situ Visualization: A Perspective on Why It's Here to Stay

In this position paper, we argue that the loosely coupled in situ processing paradigm will play an important role in high performance computing for the foreseeable future. Loosely coupled in situ is an enabling technique that addresses many of the current issues with tightly coupled in situ, including, ease-of-integration, usability, and fault tolerance. We survey the prominent positives and negatives of both tightly coupled and loosely coupled in situ and present our recommendation as to why loosely coupled in situ is an enabling technique that is here to stay. We then report on some recent experiences with loosely coupled in situ processing, in an effort to explore each of the discussed factors in a real-world environment.
On an approximate model for the shape of a liquid-air interface receding in a capillary tube

A good approximation to modelling the shape of a liquid–air meniscus advancing or receding in a capillary tube of radius a can be constructed by balancing the curvature of the interface with the sum of a viscous stress valid near the contact line and a constant static pressure. This model has unique solutions for each value of the boundary condition, i.e. the dynamic contact angle. When the meniscus recedes at very small capillary numbers, the model predicts a critical receding velocity beyond which a liquid layer of the receding fluid (a liquid tail) develops along the solid (see figure 4). The length of the layer increases as the receding speed and the contact angle decrease. This layer regime is characterized by menisci whose macroscopic curvature is >1/ a .
Differences in peak knee valgus angles between individuals with high and low Q-angles during a single limb squat

Abstract Background. Differences in anatomical alignment between genders have been suggested as causes of the disparity in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates. A larger Q -angle may be associated with increased knee valgus during movement resulting in anterior cruciate ligament strain. This study investigated whether healthy college-aged subjects with a large Q -angle display greater peak knee valgus during a single limb squat compared to those with a small Q -angle. The study also determined whether the high and low Q -angle groups displayed differences in other select anatomical variables, and whether these anatomical variables were related to knee valgus. Methods. Twenty subjects, categorized as having a “high Q -angle” (⩾17°) or a “low Q -angle” (⩽8°) were videotaped during the performance of a single leg squat. The peak valgus angles for the right knee were calculated. One-tailed independent measures t -tests were used to determine whether individuals with a large Q -angle exhibit (1) significantly greater peak knee valgus during a single leg squat compared to those with a small Q -angle and, (2) greater pelvic width to femoral length ratios and greater static knee valgus than subjects with a small Q -angle. The Pearson product–moment correlation was used to establish the relationships between pelvic width to femoral length ratios and static knee valgus, pelvic width to femoral length ratios and dynamic knee valgus, and static knee valgus and dynamic knee valgus. Findings. Peak knee valgus during the single leg squat, and static knee valgus were not significant greater in the high Q -angle group compared to the low Q -angle group ( P = 0.09; P = 0.31). Subjects with a larger Q -angle, however, had a significantly greater pelvic width to femoral length ratios ( P = 0.015) compared to subjects with a small Q -angle. Pelvic width to femoral length ratios was related to both static and dynamic knee valgus ( r = 0.47, P = 0.02; r = 0.48, P = 0.02), but static knee valgus was not related to dynamic knee valgus. Interpretation. The findings suggest that pelvic width to femoral length ratios, rather than Q -angle, may be a better structural predictor of knee valgus during dynamic movement.
A liquid scintillator cosmic ray active shield

Abstract We describe the prototype for an active cosmic ray shield for a neutrino oscillation experiment to be performed at LAMPF. This shield is a large liquid scintillator-filled steel tank viewed by an array of large hemispherical photomultiplier tubes. We discuss the motivation for choosing a liquid scintillation counter and details of its implementation. Results of prototype tests, and tests on liquid scintillator properties, are presented.
Time-of-flight neutron detection using PECVD grown boron carbide diode detector

Abstract The development of novel neutron detectors requires an understanding of the entire neutron detection process, a process which depends strongly on material properties. Here we present accurate measurements of the neutron detection efficiency of an unenriched 640 nm thick boron carbide solid state neutron detector grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition as a function of the neutron wavelength at a time-of-flight facility. The data were compared to that obtained simultaneously by a calibrated nitrogen detector over the same wavelength range. The measured spectra of both detectors fit a Maxwell–Boltzmann wavelength distribution, thereby indicating that the boron carbide detector can be used as a reliable beam monitor. Measurements of the material properties (density, thickness and elemental composition) of the semiconducting boron carbide enable a precise calculation of the ideal expected neutron detection efficiency. The calculated neutron detection efficiency for the effective moderator temperature (obtained from a fit to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution) showed excellent agreement with the experimentally determined neutron detection efficiency of 1.25%. Higher efficiencies may be obtained either by increased film thickness and/or 100% 10B enrichment of the boron carbide source molecule.
Derivation of operational definitions for the computer calculation of partial molar properties in multicomponent mixtures

Abstract Two sets of fluctuation-explicit operational definitions for partial molar enthalpies, energies and volumes are derived. The equations are valid for multicomponent and binary mixtures, respectively, and allow the calculation of partial molar volumes, energies, and enthalpies through both deterministic and stochastic computer simulations.
Discriminative effects of cocaethylene in rats trained to discriminate cocaine or ethanol

Two groups of rats were trained to discriminate between the stimulus properties of either intraperitoneally administered 10.0 mg/kg cocaine or 60 mg/kg ethanol and its vehicle in a two-lever operant chamber. Once trained, both groups exhibited a dose-related decrease in discriminative performance when tested with lower doses. A dose of 10 mg/kg cocaine, as well as doses of 10-30 mg/kg cocaethylene, in the ethanol-trained animals produced no greater than 38.9% responding on the ethanol-appropriate lever. Combinations of the approximate ethanol ED50 dose with either 10 mg/kg cocaine or 20 mg/kg cocaethylene did not increase ethanol lever responding. In contrast, in the cocaine-trained animals, administration of cocaethylene produced dose-responsive cocaine-like discrimination with 30 mg/kg producing 88.9% responding on the cocaine-appropriate lever. In addition, 600 mg/kg ethanol co-administered with a (2.5 mg/kg) dose of cocaine that was poorly discriminated produced 85% of responses on the cocaine-appropriate lever. The peak effect of cocaine and cocaethylene were observed to occur in 15-30 min post-administration with cocaine choice behavior decreasing at a faster rate than seen for cocaethylene discrimination. Results are discussed in light of ethanol and cocaine producing a heightened, as well as prolonged, euphoria in humans.
Birefringent snapshot imaging spatial heterodyne spectrometer

High speed spectral imaging is useful for a variety of tasks spanning industrial monitoring, target detection, and chemical identification. To better meet these needs, compact hyperspectral imaging instrumentation, capable of high spectral resolution and real-time data acquisition and processing, are required. In this paper, we describe the first snapshot imaging spatial heterodyne Fourier transform spectrometer based on birefringent crystals and polarization gratings. This includes details about its architecture, as well as our preliminary proof of concept. Finally, we discuss details related to the calibration of the sensor, including our preliminary investigations into high speed data reconstruction and calibration using neural networks. With such an approach, it may be feasible to reconstruct and calibrate an entire interferogram cube in one step with minimal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing.
The Challenge of Job Analysis

(1956). The Challenge of Job Analysis. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 190-190.
Organizational structure and effectiveness: An administrative experiment in an urban health department

An administrative experiment investigating the relationship between organizational structure and organizational effectiveness was carried out in a large, urban health department. By using an interrupted time series experimental design, the author evaluates the relationship between the degree of decentralization and the level of productivity for 13 of 22 health districts and 6 of 11 health programs operated by the health department.
MIR146A inhibits JMJD3 expression and osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells

Chromatin remodeling is important for cell differentiation. Histone methyltransferase EZH2 and histone demethylase JMJD3 (KDM6B) modulate levels of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Interplay between the two modulators influence lineage specification in stem cells. Here, we identified microRNA MIR146A to be a negative regulator of JMJD3. In the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), we observed an upregulation of JMJD3 and a downregulation of MIR146A. Blocking JMJD3 activity in differentiating hMSCs reduced transcript levels of osteogenic gene RUNX2. H3K27me3 levels decreased at the RUNX2 promoter during cell differentiation. Modulation of MIR146A levels in hMSCs altered JMJD3 and RUNX2 expression and affected osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that JMJD3 promotes osteogenesis in differentiating hMSCs, with MIR146A regulating JMJD3.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in experimentally induced and chronic neuropathic pain: a review.

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging technology that has been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of depression and potentially useful in the management of several neurologic conditions. More recently, increasing attention has been directed at evaluating its efficacy in the treatment of patients with chronic neuropathic pain. We first discuss the literature examining the efficacy of rTMS in trials of experimentally induced acute pain as well as among patients with chronic pain. Examining frequency data obtained from the available literature, we attempted to identify some of the parameters of rTMS that appear to be related to its analgesic effects. An overview of the mechanisms underlying its potential analgesic role is discussed; generally, the influences of rTMS on cortical, and, indirectly, subcortical, neurons may reduce pain transmission ascending from spinothalamic tracts, thereby mitigating pain. Finally, we discuss some of the methodological issues and limitations of available studies and offer recommendations for further research. Perspective The authors provide a comprehensive review of rTMS use in the treatment of neuropathic pain in the literature available to date. Although the clinical usefulness of rTMS in pain has, as yet, to be determined, it offers insights into the pathophysiologic processes involved in the maintenance and exacerbation of chronic pain.
Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) use and experiences at college health centers in the mid-Atlantic United States: changes since ECP went over-the-counter.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the availability of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) at college health centers since ECP went over-the-counter (OTC) in 2006. Related issues, such as distribution procedure, existence of a written protocol, personnel involved, contraindications, follow-up procedures, methods of advertising, and staff attitudes, were examined. Participants: The sample included 135 college and university health centers in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Methods: Data were collected via telephone survey with the use of a 42-item survey instrument. Results: Forty-three percent of schools reported distributing ECPs, for an average of 10.6 years. Major changes in ECP distribution and usage since ECP went OTC related primarily to protocol in ECP distribution, advertising for ECP services, and ECP accessibility to university students. Conclusions: College health centers are responding to the OTC status of ECP in a number of ways, primarily relating to their distribution procedu...
Rapid-sequence endoscopic management of posttransplant anastomotic biliary strictures.

Background Post-liver-transplant anastomotic biliary strictures generally have been managed through ERCP with gradual balloon dilation and placement of multiple stents over an extended period of time. Objective Our purpose was to evaluate the long-term outcome of rapid sequence dilation and to shorten the duration of stenting as a therapy for anastomotic biliary strictures. Design Prospective case series. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Interventions ERCP with rapid-sequence balloon dilation of post-liver-transplant anastomotic biliary strictures followed by stenting with multiple stents over a short time period. Main Outcome Measurement Long-term anastomotic stricture resolution. Results Thirty-eight patients were prospectively enrolled into a standardized ERCP treatment protocol. The mean number of ERCPs per patient was 3.4 (range 2-6), the mean number of maximum stents inserted was 2.5 (range 1-6), and the mean total stenting period was 107 days (range 20-198 days); the mean follow-up time from completion of the endoscopic therapy was 360 days (range 140-1347 days). Long-term stricture resolution was achieved in 33 of the 38 (87%) patients. Limitations Lack of control group, relatively small patient population. Conclusions Accelerated dilation and shorter total length of stenting leads to long-term success in the majority of patients with post-liver-transplant anastomotic biliary strictures.
Reproductive outcome of women 43 years and beyond undergoing ART treatment with their own oocytes in two Connecticut university programs

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles in women aged 43 and beyond.
Computed tomographic diagnosis of midgut volvulus in a 5-year-old child.

Malrotation with midgut volvulus requires prompt recognition and urgent treatment. We describe a 5-year-old boy who presented with malrotation and midgut volvulus in whom the diagnosis was made by computed tomography. We describe the diagnostic images and operative findings in the patient. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the inversion in orientation of the superior mesenteric vessels and “whirlpool” sign in making the diagnosis of midgut volvulus when few other clues may be present.
Trigeminal neuralgia resulting from infarction of the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve: case report.

UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: We present a case of trigeminal neuralgia resulting from infarction of the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. This is the first reported case of an unusual cause of trigeminal neuralgia. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 71-year-old man presented with severe lancinating pain in the left V1 and V2 distributions. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a small wedge-shaped infarct at the root entry zone of the left trigeminal nerve in the pons. INTERVENTION Medical management with carbamazepine was initially successful, but the patient later developed refractory pain and was unable to tolerate side effects of the medication. The patient underwent subsequent percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy, which resulted in complete resolution of his pain. CONCLUSION Infarction of the root entry zone may produce typical symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia similar to a multiple sclerosis plaque at the root entry zone. Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia must consider the underlying cause. Glycerol rhizotomy may provide relief of pain for patients in whom there is no evidence of vascular compression.
Effect of Growth Hormone and Placental Lactogen on DNA Synthesis in Rat Costal Cartilage and Adipose Tissue

The effect of growth hormone on DNA synthesis in rat cartilage and adipose tissue was studied, and its activity was compared with that of human placental lactogen. The treatment of hypophysectomized rats with growth hormone greatly increased in vitro incorporation of thymidine in costal cartilage and epididymal adipose tissue. Growth hormone also caused a modest increase of thymidine incorporation in adipose tissue from normal rats. Fasting diminished incorporation of thymidine in normal rat adipose tissue, and growth hormone partially prevented the decrease. Human placental lactogen was much weaker than growth hormone in stimulating thymidine incorporation in rat cartilage or adipose tissue. The maximal effect of placental lactogen was of the order of 10% of the effect of growth hormone. (Endocrinology 83: 645, 1968)
Molecular Movies… Coming to a Lecture near You

Scientific visualizations are powerful tools for communicating the intricacies of cellular and molecular structures and dynamics. There is a disconnect, however, between the research data sets we seek to represent and the kinds of animation that allow us to visualize and communicate them. Scientists are increasingly turning to 3D animation software borrowed from the entertainment industry to import, animate, and even create simulations of their data.
Error Probability for NCFSK with Linear FM Jamming

An expression is derived for the probability of error for a conventional binary, noncoherent, frequency-shift-key (NCFSK) communications system under the influence of bandpass Gaussian noise and a linear frequency-modulation jamming waveform. The resulting integral is expressed in terms of the well-known Q function, which depends upon average signal, noise, and jamming powers. The analytical procedures used can be applied to the analysis of the effects of other types of jamming.
Monoclonal antibodies to resistance-related forms of cytochrome P450 in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Drosophila cytochrome P450 is resolved by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two subsets. P450-A 4 , ∼59 kDa, is ubiquitous among strains whereas P450-B, ∼56 kDa, is expressed in strains resistant to insecticides. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to each of these subsets were produced. MoAbs 13-2e and 8-1d were specific for epitopes in the P450-A and P450-B subsets, respectively. Although P450-B is virtually undetectable by protein staining in insecticide-susceptible strains, immunoreactive P450-B was detected in these strains. However, immunoreactive P450-B was 10 to 20 times higher in strains selected for DDT resistance than in was shown to be 10 to 100 times higher than in the unselected controls. These and previous data show that P450-B expression is regulated by resistance genes on the second and third chromosomes of Drosophila and is correlated with resistance to phenylurea, DDT, and malathion, with N -nitrosodimethylamine demethylase activity and with immunoreactivity with MoAb 8-1d.
A rank 3 simple group of order 21433537 · 13 · 29. I

Abstract After a preliminary discussion of rank 3 permutation groups, attention is focused on the case where the stabilizer of a point is the Ree group F = 2 F 4 (2) and the subdegrees are 1755 and 2304. If there is a rank 3 permutation group with F as point stabilizer and the above subdegrees then it is shown to be a simple group G of order 2 14 3 3 5 3 7 · 13 · 29 and the conjugacy classes of elements of G are determined. It is shown that such a group G has a proper covering group G with center of order two and also that G has no outer automorphisms.
Telomeric sequences from human herpesvirus 6 do not mediate nuclear retention of episomal DNA in human cells

Telomeric repeat sequences (TRS) have been identified close to, but not at, the genome termini of several lymphotropic herpesviruses, including human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7). The functional significance of these motifs remains uncertain. Since telomeric sequences can mediate stable retention of episomal DNA in yeast, we have tested whether the TRS motifs from HHV-6 might mediate a similar function in human cells. Several candidate sequences were assessed for their ability to provide nuclear retention to an autonomously replicating vector in rapidly dividing human tissue culture cells, including HHV-6 TRS DNA, as well as telomeric DNA from human cells and sequences from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, only a vector carrying the EBV-derived retention mechanism showed a significant level of nuclear retention. Neither the HHV-6 TRS motifs, nor human telomeric sequences, mediated nuclear retention of episomal DNA in human cells.
Feeding and body temperature in the rat: diencephalic localization of changes produced by excess calcium ions.

Abstract In the unanesthetized rat, Ca ++ ions in solutions ranging from 2.6 to 112.0 mM in excess of the normal level in CSF were applied at different sites in the brain and by three separate procedures. Colonic temperature was monitored and in certain experiments, the amount of food pellets and water consumed was measured simultaneously following the administration of excess Ca ++ ions. An infusion into the lateral cerebral ventricle of excess calcium in a volume of 5.0 μl produced a concentration-dependent hypothermia. This fall in temperature was not attenuated by a prior intraventricular infusion of mecamylamine and often enhanced by atropine. Depending on the site, a microinjection of excess Ca ++ ions in a volume of 0.5 to 1.0 μl directly into the hypothalamus produced hypothermia or feeding. The sites of maximum sensitivity at which excess calcium caused a decline in temperature were clustered in the caudal hypothalamus, whereas those at which calcium elicited feeding were distributed widely in caudo-lateral, medial and rostral hypothalamic areas. Push-pull perfusions at a rate of 20 to 25 μl per min for 10 to 20 min at homologous sites caused similar responses but the cation concentration required to evoke feeding or hypothermia was significantly less than that of either microinjection or intraventricular infusion. These findings demonstrate species continuity in the rat concerning anatomical localization of the postulated set-point mechanism for body temperature. Several different pathways in the feeding system are affected by an alteration in the hypothalamic level of calcium.
Low-temperature buffer GaAs MESFET technology for high-speed integrated circuit applications

The fabrication of high-performance digital integrated circuits with low-temperature buffer (LTB) GaAs MESFET technology is presented. Individual 0.2- mu m-gate-length transistors show a g/sub m/ of 600 mS/mm and an extrapolated f/sub T/ of 80 GHz. Backgating and light sensitivity are eliminated with the LTB technology. Static source-coupled FET logic frequency dividers exhibit a maximum clock rate of 22 GHz. >
Role of Ni/Fe Nanoparticle Composition on the Degradation of Trichloroethylene from Water

Different compositions of bimetallic Ni/Fe nanoparticles were synthesized, and its structure and morphology were characterized using Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses. Trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by the nanoparticles was studied and analyzed using a pseudo-first-order reaction rate model. The results showed that the nanoparticles rapidly degrade TCE, with the formation of ethane as the main product. The observed reaction rate constant for the Ni/Fe particles was 2 orders of magnitude higher than the bulk and nano iron. These observations indicated that the nanoparticles with nickel as the second dopant metal is better than the zerovalent iron for TCE degradation. The catalytic effect of nickel was demonstrated by TCE studies of different bimetallic compositions and characterized by the surface-area-normalized reaction rate constant coupled with Ni/Fe scanning transmission el...
Analysis of Aharonov-Bohm effect due to time-dependent vector potentials.

We analyze and propose a method to detect the Aharonov-Bohm effect due to time-varying vector potentials, specifically those arising from a coherent light source. We show that the effect is feasible for use as a light-intensity detector. The quantum limit of detection is that of a single photon. Such a system would be a quantum-nondemolition measurement since no photon absorption occurs.