cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lightning imaging with thunder using broadband direction-of-arrival estimation technique

A single-station-based three-dimensional (3D) acoustic lighting mapping system comprising a microphone array has been developed and used for lightning observations, in which a new broadband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation techniques namely incoherent signal-subspace method are proposed for thunder signals in the far-field. Two cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes with highly branch channels recorded by the system are analyzed and presented in this paper. The acoustic mapping results can not only locate on the main channel produced by the return stroke process but also depict the branch channels. Moreover, the located thunder sources by the mapping system and the photography of the high speed camera agree well with each other demonstrating the effectiveness and correctness of the estimation techniques and the mapping system.
Variability in species richness within Minnesota oldfields: a use of the variance test

The variance test, originally proposed for testing species associations, is used to test whether species richness is more or less variable than expected under the null model of no species interactions. Species richness is more variable than expected in some fields, and less variable than expected in other fields at the Cedar Creek Natural History Area in Minnesota. High variance in species richness may be caused by variability in competitive exclusion rates or small-scale environmental heterogeneity. Low variance in species richess may occur if the community is saturated with species, or if species-rich areas have high local competitive exclusion rates. Results of the variance test depend somewhat on quadrat size, and can be used to select study sites and quadrat sizes for further research on the nature of variation in species richness.
Are Standard Cutoff Concentrations Sufficient for Pain Management Screening? Yes!

Pain management is an area of clinical practice and laboratory medicine that is proving to be extremely challenging. Long-term opioid therapy for management of pain involves prescribing potentially addictive substances, with the additional risk of fatal drug–drug interactions if patients are taking nonprescribed medications or illicit drugs. Providers must determine whether the patient is adherent to the prescribed therapeutic regimen while assessing the risk of off-label prescription or illicit drug use, both for patient safety and for their own risk management. Tools such as the Opioid Risk Tool and the revised Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain have been used for behavioral-based risk assessment (1, 2), but these tools rely on self-reporting and subjective interpretation of behaviors, all of which can prove unreliable. Prescription monitoring programs are also used to identify patients who are potentially administered controlled substances from multiple providers (i.e., doctor shopping) (3). Against this backdrop, laboratory testing for drugs provides an opportunity for objective assessment of drug exposure that can supplement the behavioral risk assessment for better treatment of patients. However, there is a lack of consensus or guidance on how to approach laboratory testing for pain management. Toxicology testing in both forensic and clinical laboratories has traditionally used concentration-based cutoffs for determining a positive or …
"It's Never Just About the HIV:" HIV Primary Care Providers' Perception of Substance Use in the Era of "Universal" Antiretroviral Medication Treatment.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all people living with HIV (PLWH), regardless of disease status. Substance use disorders (SUD) are common barriers to successful HIV treatment; however, few studies have comprehensively explored how HIV primary care providers take SUDs into account in the context of universal ART implementation. This study uses thematic analysis of qualitative interviews to explore providers' (N = 25) substance use assessment and factors associated with ART initiation. 64% of providers had 15 or more years of HIV treatment experience. Almost all providers agreed with the guidelines for universal ART initiation despite the presence of SUD. Still, identification and management of SUD is challenged by inconsistent assessment, providers' misperceptions about SUD and patients' willingness to discuss it, and lack of accessible treatment resources when SUD is identified. Greater guidance in systematic SUD assessment and management, combined with integrated addiction services, could enhance universal ART implementation among PLWH/SUD.
Omeka and Other Digital Platforms for Undergraduate Research Projects on the Middle Ages

This article discusses how digital projects can be employed to encourage undergraduates to think across disciplinary divides, to integrate field and online research, and to confront methodological issues in a more direct way. One of these projects draws on an open-source, web-publishing platform called Omeka and was designed for an interdisciplinary course on the archaeology and history of medieval London offered at Fordham University’s London Centre. The project aimed to give students first-hand experience with the material culture of a medieval city and consisted of two parts. The first, an Object Report, required each student to research and write a short essay on a single medieval object on display at the Museum of London, highlighting the significance of the object within the context of civic, religious, and domestic life in medieval London. In addition, students uploaded images and found illustrations of their objects in medieval manuscripts. The second part, a Site Report, required a visit to a medieval London location– a church, a monastery, or cemetery, for example– to research its significance in the middle ages. Students also uploaded images of their site, which they photographed themselves, and identified the site’s location on a (preferably medieval) map of London. Another similar project was designed using the Weebly web-editing platform for students taking Western Tradition I at Marymount California University, which does not have access to Omeka. Both the Omeka and Weebly projects allowed students to grapple with larger questions about integrating material objects into pre-modern history, but they were especially valuable for teaching students about the importance of being a responsible researcher since students contributed to a digital humanities project that made their research available to a wide public.
Cumulative subgoal fulfillment in software development

This paper introduces a new approach to programming that facilitates the construction and verification of applications. Called "Cumulative Subgoal Fulfillment" (CSF), it implements procedures by fulfilling and accumulating a sufficient set of subgoals. Each code block fulfilling a subgoal must keep invariant all subgoals already fulfilled. Using well-known programming problems, the paper demonstrates that CSF is new and that its simple form facilitates both the creation and checking of code.
Overcoming calcium catalysis during the thermal reactivation of granular activated carbon: Part II. Variation of steam-curing reactivation parameters

In order to overcome the deleterious effects of calcium catalysis during thermal reactivation, the authors have developed a methodology for first steam-curing spent GAC at 548–748 K, and then ramping the furnace temperature to 1023–1223 K while exposing the GAC to flowing N2. In this article, the authors evaluated the influence of an array of parameters on the steam-curing plus ramped-temperature protocol that included curing time, curing temperature, ramped-to temperature and steam flow rate. Pore size distribution (PSD) measurements employed the density functional theory (DFT), and these revealed that the steam-curing time had the greatest influence on pore size distribution: increasing the steam-curing time from 15 to 60 min increased the <500 A cumulative pore volume by ca. 10% and the 5.4 to 32 A pore volume by ca. 12%. Several of the other process parameters exhibited only a slight effect on PSD. Furthermore, a spent GAC that first experienced the steam-curing and ramped-temperature protocol and then experienced acid washing had identical micropore volume as a spent GAC that first experienced acid washing and then experienced conventional reactivation. This confirmed that the steam-curing protocol overcame calcium catalysis and its destruction of microporosity.
Twenty-Four-Hour Intermittent Perfusion Storage of the Isolated Rat Heart: II. Perfusion Pressure and Functional Preservation

This study investigated the effect of intermittent perfusion (IP) pressures on functional preservation of the cold-stored isolated rat heart. The heart was flushed with cardioplegic solution #11 with ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid and 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (CP-11EB), and stored at 0°C for 24 hr. During storage, the heart was intermittently perfused for 3 min at 10 and 17 hr of storage with 25°C oxygenated CP-11EB. The IP pressures studied were: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 mm Hg. Poststorage recovery of function was assessed with 30 min of working reperfusion. Control function of the unstored heart was: aortic flow (AF), 51.3 ± 2.2 ml/min; coronary flow (CF), 25.8 ± 1.2 ml/min; cardiac output (CO), 77.7 ± 2.3 ml/min; work, 92.0 ± 4.9 g-m/min; and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), 2.64 ± .21 mm Hg-min/ml. Functional return in the 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 mm Hg groups was similar. Recovery in a representative group (60 mm Hg) was: AF, 52 ± 3%; CF, 41 ± 2%; CO, 48 ± 3%; work, 42 ± 3%; and CVR, 225 ± 10% of the control. The total IP volume in this group was 71.0 ± 1.7 ml; total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during IP was 8.62 ± .37 units/g dry; and end-storage tissue lactate was 52.6 ± 6.4 μmole/g dry. As IP pressure decreased to 20 mm Hg, cardiac functional recovery declined significantly to AF, 35 ± 6%; CF, 33 ± 2%; CO, 34 ± 5%; and work, 27 ± 4% of control (P< .05 vs. 60 mm Hg group). The total IP volume decreased to 10.1 ± .9 ml, tissue lactate content rose to 87.1 ± 10.9 (P< .05 vs. 60 mm Hg group), but LDH release fell to 5.59 ± .46 (P< .05 vs. 60 and 100 mm Hg groups). When IP pressure increased to 100 mm Hg, cardiac function was depressed with AF recovered to 25 ± 3%; CF, 30 ± 3%; CO, 26 ± 3%; work, 21 ± 3%; and CVR, 294 ± 26% of control (P< .05 vs. 60 mm Hg group). IP volume increased to 100.7 ± 2.4 ml; total LDH release increased to 19.1 ± 1.2 (P< .05 vs. 60 mm Hg group), although tissue lactate (58.9 ± 3.9) was not different from the 60 mm Hg group. End-storage tissue wet/dry weight ratio and myocardial adenosine triphosphate content were not different among the 20, 60, and 100 mm Hg groups. In conclusion, IP has a broad pressure optimum ranging from 30 to 80 mm Hg for 24-hr hypothermic preservation of the rat cardiac explant.
An Experimental Investigation of Nest Reuse and Nest Site Selection in an Open-Cup Nesting Passerine

7 Introduction 8 Methods 11 Results 17 Discussion 21 CHAPTER 3: Nest site selection in Eastern Kingbirds Abstract 3
CHAPTER 2 – Influence of Diffusional Limitations and Reaction Order on Antigen–Antibody Binding Kinetics

The solid-phase immunoassay technique provides a convenient means for the separation of reactants (antigens or binding sites) in a solution. Such a separation is possible because of the high specificity of the analyte for the immobilized antibody. However, in these types of assays, external diffusional limitations are generally present and these must be taken into account. The external diffusion on solid-phase immunoassays analyzed in which the antigen is immobilized on a solid surface and the antibodies are in solution. An analytical solution for a first-order system is obtained. External diffusional limitations play a significant role when high concentrations of antigens are immobilized on the surface. This chapter provides a general description of diffusion limitation. The “reverse” system, wherein the antibody is immobilized on the surface and the antigen is in solution is also of interest. Under different conditions, these systems would yield nonfirst-order systems, which would require nonanalytical methods of solution. In protein adsorption systems that exhibit behavior similar to that of antigen–antibody systems at solid–liquid interfaces, the influence of the surface-dependent intrinsic adsorption and desorption rate constants on the amount of protein adsorption has been analyzed in the chapter.
Thinking aloud about poverty and health in rural Mississippi.

Poverty and health status are interrelated, and their effects on each other are often bidirectional: poverty leads to poor health and poor health leads to poverty (1,2). In addition, life challenges associated with poverty, whether short- or long-term, create conditions that reduce household savings, lower learning ability, and reduce physical and emotional well-being (1), all of which endanger people's health (1,2). Many Mississippians, especially the 51% who live in rural counties (3), experience poverty levels that are hard to imagine for most Americans. In particular, in recent years poor Mississippians faced heavy job losses in industries that once provided high wages and good benefits (4). These job losses led to decreases in annual income, increases in bankruptcies, and a declining number of people with health insurance (5). For example, from 2000 to 2003, median household incomes fell by $3,910 to $32,728, and the number of poor people increased by 38,000 to 456,000 (5). Regardless of location, poor people are more likely than affluent people to lack health insurance (6), so we can assume that many of the 19% of respondents to the Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System who said they had no health insurance are poor (7).
Neuronal Variation as a Cognitive Evolutionary Adaptation

Computational scientists studying cognition, robotics, and Artificial Intelligence have discovered that variation is beneficial for many applications of problem-solving. With the addition of variat...
Infants use knowledge of emotions to augment face perception: Evidence of top-down modulation of perception early in life

Abstract While top-down modulation is believed to be central to adult perception, the developmental origins of this ability are unclear. Here, we present a direct, behavioral investigation of top-down modulation of perception in infancy using emotional face perception as a test case. We investigated whether 9-month-olds can modulate their face perception based on predictive, auditory emotional cues without any training or familiarization procedure. Infants first heard a 3-second emotional vocal sound (happy/angry) while their gaze was held in the center of the screen. Then, they were presented with a pair of emotional and neutral faces images without any audio sound. The faces were small (4.70° × 5.80°) and presented in randomized locations outside their focus of attention. We measured the initial latency to shift gaze to look at a congruent emotional face as an index of infants’ pre-attentive perception of these faces. We found that infants’ face perception was augmented by preceding emotional cues: They were faster to look at the emotional face after hearing an emotionally congruent sound than an incongruent one. Moreover, the emotional sounds boosted perception of congruent faces 200 ms after the onset of the faces. These top-down effects were robust for both happy and angry emotions, indicating a flexible and active control of perception based on different top-down cues. A control study further supported the view that the Congruency effect is due to a top-down influence on face perception rather than a rapid matching of cross-modal emotional signals. Together, these findings demonstrate that top-down modulation of perception is already quite sophisticated early in development. Raw data is available on Github ( https://github.com/naiqixiao/CuedEmotion.git ).
Genome-wide identification, expression profiling, and network analysis of AT-hook gene family in maize

AT-hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) genes have diverse but poorly understood biological functions. We identified and analyzed 37 AHL genes in maize. We also discovered four and one additional AHLs in rice and sorghum, respectively, besides those reported earlier. The maize AHLs were classified into two clades (A and B) and three distinct types (I, II, and III) as also reported in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic and ortholog analyses showed that, while the evolutionary classification was conserved in plants, expansion of the AHL gene family in maize was accompanied with new biological functions. Gene structure analysis showed that, while all but one Type-I AHLs lacked an intron, origin of Type-II and Type-III AHLs was associated with the gain of introns suggesting evolutionarily distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns and, likely, neofunctionalization. Gene duplication analysis revealed that AHLs in maize expanded via dispersive duplication further supporting their functional diversity. To discern these functions, we analyzed 71 transcriptomes from diverse tissues and developmental stages of maize and classified AHLs into eight groups with distinct temporal/spatial expression profiles. Coexpression analysis implicated 5 AHLs and 33 novel genes in networks specific to endosperm, seed, root, leaf, and reproductive tissues indicating their role in the development of these organs. Major processes coregulated by AHLs include pollen development, drought response, senescence, and wound response. We also identified interactions of AHL proteins in coregulating important processes including stress response. These novel insights into the role of AHLs in plant development provide a platform for functional analyses in maize and related grasses.
Shifting the Model: Pre-Donation Processing of the New York Foundation for the Arts Records

AbstractWith limited staff and a large unprocessed backlog, New York University Libraries pursued a project from 2016 to 2018 to coordinate the processing of a 1,000 linear foot institutional recor...
Machine Learning–Based Backbone Curve Model of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Cyclic Loading Reversals

AbstractBackbone curves constructed from experimentally derived hysteresis envelopes are often used to evaluate the force-deformation behavior and, thus, seismic residual collapse capacity of struc...
Wittgenstein on Truth and Meaning

My topic is Wittgenstein’s eventual abandonment of his Tractatus idea that a sentence is true if and only if it depicts a possible fact that obtains, and his coming (in the Investigations) to repla...
Diagnostic Properties of Total and Free Prostate-Specific Antigen to Predict Overall and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Among Men With Low Testosterone and Prior Negative Biopsy

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether total serum PSA, free-PSA ratio and PSA density have similar diagnostic properties for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically-significant (cs) PCa in men with normal testosterone compared to men with low testosterone with a prior negative biopsy. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 3295 men undergoing a 2-year prostate biopsy following a negative prestudy biopsy in the placebo arm of the Reduction by Dutasteride of PCa Events (REDUCE) study. Men were divided in 2 groups based on testosterone level Results A total of 603 men (18.3%) had low testosterone. The prevalence of PCa and csPCa was 92 (15.3%) and 27 (4.5%), respectively, for low testosterone men compared to 458 (17.0%) and 138 (5.1%), correspondingly, for normal testosterone men. Total PSA, free-PSA ratio and PSA density showed similar sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to predict PCa and csPCa among low testosterone men compared to normal testosterone men. Conclusion Among subjects in a clinical trial with a prior negative biopsy, total PSA, free-PSA ratio and PSA density have comparable diagnostic characteristics for PCa screening in low and normal testosterone men.
ICTAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION TRIGGERED BY ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is rare in pediatrics in the absence of obesity, and a portion of cases have an additional arrhythmic substrate triggering AF. Seizure-induced AF has been documented in adults, but pediatric cases are scarce. A non-obese 18-year-old presented to the ER after new-onset tonic
Show or tell: Children's learning about food from action vs verbal testimony.

Background Childhood obesity continues to be a critical health concern in the United States. Nonetheless, interventions that focus on delivering verbal lessons about food and health to children in preschool classrooms have had only modest effects. Objectives The present study examines the relative effectiveness of showing vs telling children about food to promote healthy eating, with a focus on unfamiliar foods and vegetables. Methods Three- to six-year-old children (n = 71) were tested in a laboratory study in which they watched videos of two people eating apple-broccoli puree. One person took five bites of the food; the other said they liked the food. Results Children did not differentiate between the food they saw someone eat and the food they heard someone talk about. Children's food intake was negatively associated with parent reports of children's eating behavior on the Food Fussiness subscale of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. We found similar patterns in an analogous toy task. In an unfamiliar object task, children selected the action demonstration as the right way to use the object. Conclusions We find no evidence that action vs verbal testimony is more persuasive in guiding children's food choices, but action testimony may be persuasive in other domains. The associations between children's food intake and pickiness provide growing evidence of alignment between parent assessments of their children's typical eating behavior and children's food choices in laboratory studies.
Delaying primary closure of classic bladder exstrophy: When is it too late?

Summary Introduction With current trends towards delaying the closure of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE), bladder growth rate or ultimate capacity may be impacted. Objective To examine consecutive bladder capacities in CBE patients who had primary closures at differing ages and determine whether there is an optimal age for closure, with reference to bladder capacity. Study design A retrospective review was performed using an institutional database. Inclusion criteria: CBE, successful neonatal (i.e. ≤28 days old) or delayed (i.e. >28 days old) primary closure, at least three consecutive bladder capacities or two measures taken 18 months apart, and first bladder capacity measured ≥3 months after closure. Only capacities prior to continence surgery and before 14 years of age were considered. Two cohorts were created: neonatal and delayed closure. To account for repeated measurements per patient, a linear mixed model evaluated effects of age and length of delay on bladder capacity based on closure cohort. Individuals in the delayed closure group were further stratified into quartiles to assess for detriment to the bladder based on length of delay. Results The cohort included 128 neonatal and 38 delayed patients. Median age at closure for the delayed group was 193 days (IQR 128–299). Based on univariate analysis, for the first three capacity measurements, the delayed group had significantly lower capacities despite having a similar median age when the measurements were taken. Linear mixed effects model showed significantly decreased total bladder capacity in delayed closure compared to neonates. The 2nd and 4th quartile groups had the most significant decreases in capacity. Discussion Time points for the most significant decline appear after the 2nd and 4th quartiles, representing 4–6 months and beyond 9 months, respectively. From this, the authors theorize that the appropriate time to close an exstrophy patient is as early as possible (1st quartile), or, if a delay is needed for growth of a bladder template, then between 6 and 9 months (3rd quartile). There may be a detriment to growth rate, however, statistical power may be lacking to discern this. Study limitations include the single-centered, retrospective design. However, results described here fill an important deficit in the knowledge of managing CBE. Conclusions All patients in the delayed bladder closure group demonstrated a decline in bladder capacity compared to the control neonatal closure group, with significant differences in the 2nd and 4th quartiles. Thus, closing the bladder prior to nine months of age is recommended. Download : Download high-res image (304KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Figure . Linear mixed effects model with random intercepts. Each line represents the predicted bladder capacity for a given age. Model without (top) and with (bottom) interaction. The equation for each line is depicted with the corresponding groups denoted by the subscript. Bcap = Bladder Capacity, n = neonatal closure, subscript numbers = quartile group for delayed closure.
Covert Photonics-Enabled Millimeter-Wave Transmitter

Military communications are at a high risk of interception and detection and operate in regions with intentional jamming. Covert communication systems can reduce the probability of intercept and detection and increase robustness against jamming by employing spread-spectrum waveforms. To observers, a spread-spectrum signal appears as random noise, whereas to intended users the data can be recovered by using a shared key. Since spread-spectrum signals require large bandwidths, millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies offer ideal bands for operation. Long-distance covert communications can use the W-band (75–110 GHz) and efficiently employing spread-spectrum signals at W-band is the focus of this paper. Specifically, our work uses photonic components in the analog front end of a transmitter to communicate covertly in the W-band. In this manner, high bandwidth, low-loss photonic components replace performance-limited RF components. The end result is a photonics-enabled spread-spectrum W-band transmitter demonstrated at 83 GHz and spreading the signal over a 4 GHz bandwidth.
A "Switch" in Time through Genes Aligned: Unraveling the Genomic Landscape of HSC Development.

Summary Seeking to define the “switch” from fetal to adult hematopoiesis, Li et al. (2020) performed extensive genomic and epigenomic profiling of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells across ontogeny (as explored in this issue of Cell Stem Cell). Gradual and stochastic changes in genomic and epigenomic regulation suggest the absence of any specific regulator.
Moving Beyond Slogan and Piety: The Real Challenge Facing Researchers Developing the Philosophy and Theology of Catholic Education

This chapter revisits the concerns about the dangers of using vague slogans when it comes to the theology and/or philosophy of Catholic education. Attention will be given to what is wrong with the use of theologically inspired slogans and metaphors to frame Catholic education. The full force of McLaughlin’s concerns are reviewed by scrutinising the problems by asserting that ‘Christ is at the centre of Catholic education’. It is argued that much of the current discourse surrounding Catholic education operates with a naive and often simplistic use and interpretation of the theological metaphors and themes that are used to guide and underpin it. The issues at stake are drawn out through a critical assessment of the inherent problems with applying the theological metaphor of vocation to teaching in or leading a Catholic school. It is concluded that the real challenge facing the philosophy and/or theology of Catholic education is moving beyond slogans and pious theological metaphors to frame Catholic education.
A retrospective real-world major bleeding (MB) comparison of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in genitourinary cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (GU-CAVTE) with reported randomized clinical trials (RTC).

410Background: MB is a serious complication in patients with CAVTE receiving treatment with DOAC or LMWH. The most recent meta-analysis of the four major RCT showed that MB events rate were similar...
CBCT-Based Adaptive Assessment Workflow for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose Anatomical changes and patient setup uncertainties during intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) of head and neck (HN) cancers demand frequent evaluation of delivered dose. This work investigated a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and deformable image registration based therapy workflow to demonstrate the feasibility of proton dose calculation on synthetic computed tomography (sCT) for adaptive IMPT treatment of HN cancer. Materials and methods Twenty-one patients with HN cancer were enrolled in this study, a retrospective institutional review board protocol. They had previously been treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy and had daily iterative CBCT. For each patient, robust optimization (RO) IMPT plans were generated using ±3 mm patient setup and ±3% proton range uncertainties. The sCTs were created and the weekly delivered dose was recalculated using an adaptive dose accumulation workflow in which the planning computed tomography (CT) was deformably registered to CBCTs and Hounsfield units transferred from the planning CT. Accumulated doses from ±3 mm/±3% RO-IMPT plans were evaluated using clinical dose-volume constraints for targets (clinical target volume, or CTV) and organs at risk. Results Evaluation of weekly recalculated dose on sCTs showed that most of the patient plans maintained target dose coverage. The primary CTV remained covered by the V95 > 95% (95% of the volume receiving more than 95% of the prescription dose) worst-case scenario for 84.5% of the weekly fractions. The oral cavity accumulated mean dose remained lower than the worst-case scenario for all patients. Parotid accumulated mean dose remained within the uncertainty bands for 18 of the 21 patients, and all were kept lower than RO-IMPT worst-case scenario for 88.7% and 84.5% for left and right parotids, respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RO-IMPT plans account for most setup and anatomical uncertainties, except for large weight-loss changes that need to be tracked throughout the treatment course. We showed that sCTs could be a powerful decision tool for adaptation of these cases in order to reduce workload when using repeat CTs.
The Prevalence of Drug-Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are frequently admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Persons living with HIV on ART may be at higher risk for potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) due to polypharmacy in the ICU. We determined the prevalence of pDDI with ART in critically ill PWH. Objectives: The primary outcome was prevalence of pDDI between ART and ICU medications. Secondary outcomes included pDDI per ICU admission, pDDI severity, ICU, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort evaluating PWH ≥ 18 years old admitted to the ICU for > 24 hours who received ART during ICU admission, between January 2013 and 2015 at a tertiary care hospital in the United States. Each ICU admission was counted as a separate encounter. Medication databases and chart review were used to identify pDDI. Results: We included 77 PWH encounters; mean age was 55 ± 9 years and 65% were male. We identified 208 pDDIs among 53/77 (68.8%), with a mean 4 ± 2 pDDI per ICU admission. Antipsychotics (20%), analgesics (20%), and anti-lipemics (11%) were the most common ICU medications with ART-related pDDI. Of the pDDI, 64% were major, 24% moderate, and 12% contraindicated. Median ICU and hospital LOS were 4 days (IQR: 3-5) and 11 days (IQR: 7-31), respectively. Conclusion: Most PWH had at least one pDDI during ICU admission. Collaborations among pharmacists, intensivists, and infectious disease/HIV specialists to develop effective, actionable strategies, such as electronic health record alerts, could reduce pDDIs for PWH on ART in the ICU.
Suspected contrast-induced nephropathy in three sequential patients undergoing computed tomography angiography and transarterial embolization for nonresectable neoplasia.

CASE DESCRIPTION During the same week, 3 sequential patients (a 10-year-old 8.7-kg spayed female poodle cross [dog 1], 13-year-old 2.6-kg spayed female domestic longhair cat, and 13-year-old 9.0-kg castrated male mixed-breed dog [dog 2]) underwent CT-angiography (day 0) and transarterial embolization (day 1) for nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2) or prostatic carcinoma (1). CLINICAL FINDINGS Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was suspected in all animals on the basis of higher serum creatinine concentrations after contrast medium administration (exposure), compared with baseline concentrations before exposure, consistent with CIN definitions. The total dose of contrast medium was < 3 mL/kg for each exposure. For all 3 patients, creatinine concentration peaked at a median of 3 days (range, 2 to 3 days) after the first exposure (day 0), and the median absolute and relative increases in creatinine concentration after exposure (vs baseline concentrations before exposure) were 2.9 mg/dL (range, 2.2 to 3.7 mg/dL) and 410% (range, 260 to 720%), respectively. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The patients received individually tailored supportive care for acute kidney injury. Serum creatinine concentrations began to improve at a median of 4 days (range, 3 to 4 days) and returned to within reference limits at a median of 7 days (range, 3 to 13 days) following initial exposure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CIN should be considered as a potential complication following IV administration of contrast medium. Short-term outcome following CIN can be excellent with supportive care.
Exploring Macintosh: Concepts in Visually Oriented Computing

MASTERING THE MACINTOSH ENVIRONMENT. Introducing Visually Oriented Computing. Getting Started with the Macintosh. Interacting with Computing Environments. Learning More about the Macintosh. MASTERING PROBLEM-SOLVING USING MS WORKS. Introducing Integrated Software Concepts. Understanding Tasks Common to Works Modules. Preparing Documents. Keeping Track with Databases. Creating Database Reports. Calculating and Charting with Spreadsheets. Constructing Spreadsheet Formulas. Solving More Complex Problems with Spreadsheets. Communicating Using Computers. Integrating Solutions with the Works Modules. INVESTIGATING SOME ADVANCED CONCEPTS. Preparing Complex Documents with MS Word. Publishing from the Desktop with Pagemaker. Extending the Relational Database Model. Using Relational Database Power with Reflex Plus. Examining Advanced Spreadsheet Features with Excel. Exploring Computer Gnerated Sound, Music, and Animation. Organizing Hypertext Information with HyperCard. Index.
GNATHOSTOMATA-Jawed Fishes Sarcopterygii-Lungfishes

This chapter highlights the main features of lungfishes. The Australian lungfish has an elongated body with large, bony, and overlapping scales. Its paired fins are paddle-like, and the pointed caudal fin is continuous with the dorsal and anal fins. There is only one lung, but it is divided internally into two distinct lobes that interconnect along its length. The lung is very well vascularized and compartmentalized to provide increased surface area for gaseous exchange. The lung opens into the esophagus almost ventrally via a duct that curves around the gut from the dorsal median point between the two lobes. There are five pairs of gill arches, all bearing gills. The fifth arch bears a hemi branch. The endocranium is cartilaginous. This sluggish fish prefers still or slow-flowing waters with deep pools. It has the ability to gulp air at the surface in stagnant waters or when undertaking vigorous activity such as spawning, but normally it extracts oxygen from the water with its gills. It is a facultative air breather, not an obligate one. It will die if forced to depend on air breathing. The lungfishes as a group are frequently referred to as a subclass or infraclass.
Identification of Prolyl Endopeptidase (PEP) Inhibitory Peptides from Lactobacillus helveticus Digestion of Four Recombinant Bovine Caseins

Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Sunn pest) is the most damaging insect pest of wheat in areas of North Africa, Eastern Europe and Western and Central Asia. Sunn pest injects an enzyme characterized a...
Ion Binding by Adenosine Triphosphate-Creatine Phosphotransferase*

Abstract The binding of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca++, and Mg++ by deionized creatine kinase (ATP-creatine phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) was investigated as a function of pH at 25° with the use of permselective membrane electrodes. Whereas significant binding of K+ to creatine kinase occurs, no binding of Na+ can be detected. Cl- is also bound. Graphs of v/c with respect to v give a linear relationship for K+ and Cl-; association constants and number of maximal binding sites are deduced from such plots for these ions. The number of binding sites on the protein for Mg++ is essentially the same as that for Ca++, but the affinity of the protein for Mg++ is only about 0.6 of that for Ca++. The combining sites for each of these 2 divalent ions cannot be considered as belonging to a single class with identical association constants.
Labor, Democrats and the Third Way

Excerpt] This past winter the Massachusetts AFL-CIO made a striking gesture. Still smarting from the battle over the North American Free Trade Agreement, the state federation decided to withhold routine PAC contributions from Congressional members who had voted for NAFTA. The decision stood in stark contrast to the many decades in which organized labor offered fairly unconditional, uncritical support to the Democratic Party and its candidates, even when Democrats failed to behave as allies. And while the Massachusetts example is singular and perhaps not an example of broader currents, it should be seen in light of other phenomena: the dissolution of rank-and-file unionists as a predictable Democratic voting block; the assertive distancing by the Democratic Party from its traditional constituencies (for example, acceding to the popular image that minorities, women, and workers are "special interests"); the emergence of H. Ross Perot and his surprising appeal to some sectors of unionized voters; and the growing interest among local labor leadership in Labor Party Advocates, a pre-labor party organization. This is a moment in which old certainties about organized labor and the Democrats are becoming less certain; it is a circumstance that progressives within the labor movement should welcome and work with.
Nonshared environment research: What is it and where is it going?

SUMMARY This review focuses on conceptualizations of nonshared environment and on four areas of research that should be targeted for future growth. It is argued that there are at least two different approaches to the study of nonshared environment. “Experience-oriented” researchers center on sibling differential experiences in the family and their role in children's development. “Outcome-oriented” investigators focus on the search for environmental origins of individual differences in outcomes. Turkheimer and Waldron's (2000) concept of objective versus effective nonshared environment and Reiss and colleagues' (2000) notion of single-system versus multi-system nonshared environment processes are also discussed. Four topics for future research are outlined: (1) age-related changes and development; (2) the role of the self; (3) the role of context; and (4) the importance of extrafamilial experiences. More work in these areas will lead to useful theories of how nonshared environment processes are linked to s...
Aqueous intermolecular diels-alder chemistry : Reaction of (e)-2,4-pentadienyl ammonium chloride and related ammonium salts with dienophiles in water

Abstract The aqueous Diels-Alder reactions of a series of dienyl ammonium chlorides derived from ( E )-2,4-pentadienylamine, ( E )-3,5-hexadienyl amine and ( E )-4,6-heptadienyl amine with a variety of dienophiles have been examined. A similar Diels-Alder study employing the sodium salt of N-( E )-4,6-heptadienyl succinamic acid in water was also undertaken.
Knotting Mathematics and Art

The mutual influence between mathematics and art has a history that goes back to the earliest human-made decorations and is now studied at the scholarly level. This can be observed through an incre...
Predicting the combined effect of multiple genetic variants

Background Many genetic variants have been identified in the human genome. The functional effects of a single variant have been intensively studied. However, the joint effects of multiple variants in the same genes have been largely ignored due to their complexity or lack of data. This paper uses HMMvar, a hidden Markov model based approach, to investigate the combined effect of multiple variants from the 1000 Genomes Project. Two tumor suppressor genes, TP53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), are also studied for the joint effect of compensatory indel variants.
Effect of Load Distribution and Placement in the Iosipescu Shear Test

The presence of the v-notch has tended to be the focus of stress analyses performed in conjunction with the Iosipescu shear test. However, load placement and distribution relative to the notch cross section can have an effect on the shear stress distribution. In addition, the axial normal and transverse normal stresses do not necessarily vanish between the notches. Loading effects are examined in the present paper by considering an exact elasticity solution for a straight beam (no v-notch) with Iosipescu type loading. Numerical results indicate that load placement and distribution effects depend on material properties.
Comparative rates of development in Monodelphis and Didelphis.

Timothy Rowe ([1][1]) presents a provocative hypothesis on the coevolution of the mammalian middle ear and neocortex, but there is a problem with the data presented in support of his hypothesis of a relation between brain growth and the detachment of the ear ossicles. Throughout the article, Rowe
The charmonium and D mesons at finite temperature

Abstract In this paper we will consider the effects of temperature on the masses of mesons containing charmed quarks. In particular we will demonstrate that in the bag model, the mass of the ψ″ sinks below the D D threshold as the temperature is raised. This originates in the different scaling behaviour of the masses of the c c and c q resonances with temperature. Similar effects can be expected in other heavy quark systems and in schemes other than the bag. The observational consequences of this are considered, including the increase in the yield of e+e− and μ+μ− pairs from the decay of the ψ″. The use of this effect as a thermometer in relativistic heavy ion collisions is discussed.
The effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone on body composition in elderly women

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant human GH (rhGH; 0.025 mg/kg.day) and one of two doses of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I; 0.015 and 0.060 mg/kg, twice daily) on body composition in elderly women. Sixteen healthy elderly women (mean age +/- SEM, 71.9 +/- 1.3 yr) were randomly assigned to receive either rhGH (GH; n = 5), low dose rhIGF-I (n = 6), or high dose rhIGF-I (n = 5). A 2-week predrug baseline period was followed by 4 weeks of hormone treatment, with a standardized diet fed throughout. All groups experienced a significant increase in serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels over the treatment period, accompanied by significant decreases in IGF-II (P < 0.05). Fat mass decreased in all groups, with significant increases in lean body mass and nitrogen retention occurring in the high dose IGF and GH groups. Total body water did not change, whereas increases observed in intracellular fluid approached significance (P = 0.06). These anabolic changes were ...
The molecular basis of retinotectal topography

Over 50 years have passed since Roger Sperry formulated a simple model of how visual space, as seen by the retina, can be projected onto the brain in a two-dimensional, topographic map during development. Sperry posited a set of two orthogonal gradients in the retina that gives each cell a positional identity. He further suggested that these molecules could be used to match up with complementary gradients in the target field of the retinal projection, the tectum. While some investigators hold that the existence of such molecules may not be necessary to establish retinotectal maps, recent work has identified several cell surface proteins whose distributions are of the type predicted by Sperry. An unexpected twist comes from culture assays demonstrating that inhibitory activities on tectal membranes can guide the growth of processes from retinal neurons. Moreover, the expression patterns of several enzymes and three transcription factors suggest that these proteins are candidates for regulatory agents in the determination of cell position in the retina. In addition, results from perturbation experiments support the candidacy of two of the enzymes, and a new mutant screen has uncovered several as yet unidentified genes that are required for establishment of the proper retinotectal map. A number of these results were presented at a recent meeting on neurospecificity held in Cargese, Corsica and sponsored by NATO and NSF.
Political aspirations and perils of security: unpacking the military strategy of the United Nations

Crafting military strategies is always a delicate balancing act between political elites and military commanders, a situation complicated still further when it involves a multinational military for...
The strategic defense initiative: Defensive systems and the strategic debate

(1985). The strategic defense initiative: Defensive systems and the strategic debate. Survival: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 55-64.
Mechanism for Site‐Dependent Differences in the Shape of the Resetting Response Curve in Fixed Barrier Reentry

Site Dependence of Resetting Response Curves. introduction: We investigated whether the site of stimulation within a reentrant circuit affects the resetting response curve (RRC). RRCs are used to characterize the excitable gap of reentrant circuits, including the duration of the fully excitable gap and the presence of partially excitable tissue. Methods and Results: We reset proximal and distal to a site of interval-dependent conduction (IDC) in canine in vitro atrial tricuspid rings. Adjustable reentry allowed changes in the cycle length and direction of reentry. In nine preparations we reset 26 tachycardias. In the 16 tachycardias with one site of IDC, RRCs were significantly different when stimulating distal and proximal to a site of interval-dependent conduction. For the distal curves, the duration of the flat portion was 42 ± 26 msec greater (P < 0.001), the slope of the increasing portion was 0.20 ± 0.17 less (P < 0.02), and the increase in the return cycle was 14 ± 9 msec less (P < 0.001). These differences resulted from early activation of the site of IDC by the antidromic premature impulse when stimulating from distal sites. As a result, the coupling interval of the orthodromic impulse at the site of IDC was the same or greater than at the stimulation site. In 10 tachycardias with multiple sites of IDC, significant differences in the resetting responses did not occur even when the antidromic impulse penetrated one site of IDC. Conclusion: In a fixed anatomic barrier reentrant circuit with one site of IDC, resetting distal to this site misrepresents the properties of the excitable gap of the entire circuit.