cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Fibromyalgia in Other Chronic Pain Conditions

Central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) include fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, restless legs syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and other similar chronic painful conditions that are based on central sensitization (CS). CSS are mutually associated. In this paper, prevalence of FMS among other members of CSS has been described. An important recent recognition is an increased prevalence of FMS in other chronic pain conditions with structural pathology, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. Diagnosis and proper management of FMS among these diseases are of crucial importance so that unwarranted use of such medications as corticosteroids can be avoided, since FMS often occurs when RA or SLE is relatively mild.
Cultural/Linguistic Variation in the United States and Its Implications for Assessment and Intervention in Speech-Language Pathology: An Epilogue.

The authors in this forum have presented innovative assessment and intervention approaches with culturally and linguistically diverse children. This epilogue summarizes and discusses several issues...
2-Pyridylenamines via transenamination

Transenamination, a reaction apparently not previously described in the literature, has been employed to prepare a series of 2-pyridylenamines. The products were formed in 11-78% yield by the reaction of substituted 2-arninopyridines, 1a-g, and either methyl 3-aminocrotonate, 2, or ethyl 3-aminocinnamate, 3, in anhydrous toluene, under reflux. Data from these reactions would suggest that the reaction rates and consequently, the yields, were adversely affected by substitution that served to decrease the basicity of the amino group in either reactant.
High-frequency perturbational analysis of the surface point-source response of a layered fluid

Abstract We linearize the relation between the parameters (density and velocity profiles) of a layered fluid subject to a specified surface point traction and the precitically reflected part of its surface motion. We decompose the resulting linear map into a high-frequency leading term and a lower-order (smoother) remainder and show that the spectral analysis of the leading term may be described in terms of ray geometry. The leading term is generally well conditioned but may become poorly conditioned in low-velocity zones. These results imply stability estimates for the linearized acoustic reflection inversion problem as well as for the nonlinear problem and yield insight into the behavior of numerical algorithms for the determination of the density and velocity of a layered fluid from its surface response.
Vapor—liquid phase equilibria and molar volumes of the butadiene-acetonitrile system from 300 to 335 K

Abstract This article presents new vapor pressure, molar volume and total pressure data for the butadiene-1,3-acetonitrile binary over the temperature range 300–335 K. Uncertainty in pressure measurements is 0.1 kPa. Molar volume uncertainties are 3×10 −5 1 gmol −1 . Temperature and composition uncertainties are 0.04 K and 0.004 mole fraction respectively. The data were analyzed using both solution model and equation of state approaches. The solution model representation is superior to that using DDLC mixing rules coupled with an equation of state.
Research on Detection of Transmission Line Porcelain Insulator Based on Infrared Technology

With the continuous development of infrared technology, infrared-based detection and diagnosis technology has become a new modern power equipment detection technology. Based on infrared technology, this paper proposed detection and diagnosis method of the transmission line porcelain insulators, including analysis on detection theory of IR imaging sensor, and infrared imaging map introduction. Through establishing porcelain insulator circuit calculation model, computing heating power of trouble insulators, this paper minutely analyzed the heating causes of trouble insulators. The paper provided a reference to the detection of transmission line porcelain insulators, which made it an important measure to ensure the safety and economic operation of electrical equipment.
Analysis of paging in distributed architectures for 4G systems

As 3G wireless systems evolve towards 4G, various wireless network technology organizations looking at network architectures for 4G are considering a redesign of the network away from the traditional centralized, hierarchical design towards a more distributed operation of network functions. In this paper, we present some mechanisms for distributed operation of paging in 4G systems. Our focus is on highlighting the tradeoffs that drive the design choice of whether to centralize or distribute the paging operation. One such tradeoff arises from considerations of service reliability and availability. We present a distributed redundancy scheme for improving the reliability and availability for distributed paging. We analyze the fraction of time that mobiles remain reachable through paging (i.e. the paging service availability) in idle mode in the presence of base station and backhaul failures.
The Response of Abortion Demand to Changes in Abortion Costs

This study uses pooled cross-section time-series data, over the years 1982, 1992 and 2000, to estimate the impact of various restrictive abortion laws on the demand for abortion. This study complements and extends prior research by explicitly including the price of obtaining an abortion in the estimation. The empirical results show that the real price of an abortion has a statistically and numerically significant negative impact on abortion demand. Over the period 1982–2000 approximately 20% of the decline in the incidence of abortion was due solely to the increase in the real price of obtaining an abortion. A state Medicaid funding restriction of abortion and a parental involvement law reduce the abortion demand, but a state waiting period and a mandatory counseling law have no statistically significant impact on the abortion demand. The empirical results also provide support for the hypothesis that increases in abortion costs not only reduce the number of abortions, but also reduce the number of pregnancies by altering women’s sexual/contraceptive practices.
Time-resolved fluorescence depolarization measurements of F-actin binding to myosin subfragments-1 bearing different alkali light chains

Abstract Experiments were designed to test for functional differences which might shed light on the differences in actin-activated ATPase activities recently reported for myosin subfragments-1 bearing different light chains. By using the method of A. G. Weeds and R. S. Taylor (1975, Nature (London) 257 , 54), two types of subfragment-1 (S-1) from myosin of rabbit fast skeletal muscle were prepared: (S-1)·A1 and (S-1)·A2 bearing, respectively, the alkali-1 and alkali-2 light chains. (In agreement with the findings of these investigators, actin enhanced the ATPase activity of (S-1)·A1 more than that of (S-1)·A2 at lower actin concentrations.) Through use of time-resolved fluorescence depolarization techniques, the affinity constants for the binding of the two types of S-1 to F-actin in the absence of ATP were found to be very similar: 3.4 ± 0.3 × 10 6 m −1 ( N = 10) for (S-1)·A1 and 3.9 ± 0.2 × 10 6 m −1 ( N = 7) for (S-1)·A2 of one preparation, and 6.4 ± 0.2 × 10 6 m −1 ( N = 6) for (S-1)·A1 and 7.7 ± 0.5 × 10 6 m −1 ( N = 12) for (S-1)·A2 of another preparation (pH 7.0, 25 °C, 0.28 m KCl, 1.5 m m MgCl 2 , 0.5 m m ethylene glycol bis (β-aminoethyl ether) N,N′ -tetracetic acid, 10 m m imidazole, and 0.1 m m N -tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonate). The affinity constants for the two species of S-1 and actin also have a similar dependence on ionic strength and are not affected by addition of 0.6 m m CaCl 2 to the above solution. The CaATPase (or the CaITPase) activities of the two species of S-1 show the same pH dependence.
Aggressive display and orb defence in a colonial spider, Metabus gravidus

Abstract Quantitative behavioural analysis of the aggregated, but non-social, spider Metabus gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae) in Costa Rica indicates that food-locating web-movements common to many orb-building spiders have a communicatory function in this species. A hierarchy of behavioural patterns, which includes bouncing, web-jerks, chasing, displacement from orbs, and fighting, serves to defend individual feeding areas and to space out the webs in a colony. Displays vary with the location of the defender and with the size and position of the intruder. Such aggressive communication in orbdefence facilitates colonial web-development in a species for which ease in web-building and preyacquisition promotes a colonial arrangement.
Hausa families and health care choices: birth injuries in African communities.

In the Islamic faith childbearing is believed to be a religious duty. All Muslims in Nigerian society are therefore expected to marry and bear children; there is simply no place for unmarried women of childbearing age. Birth control is rarely used so pregnancy occurs early and frequently in a young brides life. Often however an history of repeated infections and poor childhood nutrition as well as physical immaturity leave these young women with bodies which are unprepared for delivery. Cephalopelvic disproportion a precondition for obstructed labor is common. Vesicovaginal fistula a tear between the bladder and vagina is a common result of prolonged obstructed labor experienced by many young women in northern Nigeria. The status of Hausa women is lower than that of women in other parts of Nigeria. Their circumstances reflect the overlap between the Islamic religion and the indigenous Hausa culture. It has been said that early marriage is expected high fertility is respected submission to male dominance is demanded and polygamy and female seclusion are the norm. The authors interviewed members of more than 400 households in Kaduna State Nigeria about household decision-making and health care choices particularly those related to childbirth. Survey results showed that while male heads of households still make most health care decisions male and female respondents were both in favor of using modern medical care. Health care education especially about the dangers of high-risk delivery at home should therefore be made the centerpiece of maternal health services.
Uncertainty Propagation in Analytic Availability Models

In this paper, we discuss a Monte Carlo sampling based method for propagating the epistemic uncertainty in model parameters, through the system availability model. We also outline methods to compute the number of samples needed to obtain a desired confidence interval for various scenarios. We illustrate this method with a real system example and discuss the results obtained. While our example discusses confidence interval for system availability, this method can be directly applied to compute uncertainty for other dependability, performance and perform ability measures, computed by solving stochastic analytic models. We also emphasize the fact that no simulation is carried out in our method but a repeated sampling is performed over the parameter space followed by the execution of the analytic model with the final phase being the statistical analysis of the output vector.
Leaf chlorophyll content

(1990). Leaf chlorophyll content. Remote Sensing Reviews: Vol. 5, Instrumentation for studying vegetation canopies for remote sensing in optical and thermal infrared regions, pp. 207-213.
A child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, sensorineural hearing loss, and a TWIST mutation.

Abstract Objective: Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis may have associated hearing deficits. A review of hearing loss associated with syndromic craniosynostosis as well as implications of cochlear implantation in the craniosynostosis patients is presented. In the literature, patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome have been shown to have conductive or mixed hearing losses. This case report describes a patient with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome caused by a mutation in the TWIST gene who exhibits a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Increased Production of the Exopolysaccharide Succinoglycan Enhances Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Symbiosis with the Host Plant Medicago truncatula

The nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 produces acidic symbiotic exopolysaccharides that enable it to initiate and maintain infection thread formation on host legume plants. The exopolysaccharide that is most efficient in mediating this process is succinoglycan (exopolysaccharide I [EPSI]), a polysaccharide composed of octasaccharide repeating units of 1 galactose and 7 glucose residues, modified with succinyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl substituents. Previous studies had shown that S. meliloti1021 mutants that produce increased levels of succinoglycan, such as exoRmutants, are defective in symbiosis with host plants, leading to the hypothesis that high levels of succinoglycan production might be detrimental to symbiotic development. This study demonstrates that increased succinoglycan production itself is not detrimental to symbiotic development and, in fact, enhances the symbiotic productivity of S. meliloti 1021 with the host plant Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong A17. Increased succinoglycan production was engineered by overexpression of the exoYgene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for thefirst step in succinoglycan biosynthesis. These results suggest that the level of symbiotic exopolysaccharide produced by a rhizobial species is one of the factors involved in optimizing the interaction with plant hosts.
Use and characteristics of two singing modes in Pine Warblers

Abstract North American wood-warblers (Parulidae) are well known for exhibiting two distinct singing modes: first category song, in which a single song type is sung repeatedly, usually before dawn, and second category song, in which several song types are sung in irregular sequence. Studies suggest that first category song types have higher performance characteristics and that second category song types are shared preferentially among territorial neighbors. Here we present the first formal description of two-category singing in the Pine Warbler (Setophaga pinus). Similar to other species in the genus Setophaga, Pine Warblers produce second category song before dawn and first category song primarily during daylight hours. First category songs also had significantly higher trill rates, suggesting that they are more challenging to perform. Unlike many congeners, however, Pine Warblers regularly alternate between first and second category singing throughout the day, and first category song types often appear ...
Becoming comfortable with an adult with an orthopedic handicap: Preschool children's behaviors in context

Abstract Children often have negative reactions when interacting with an individual with an orthopedic handicap, these reactions being related to the physical demands of task and situation. It has been suggested, but not systematically evaluated, that these negative reactions can be lessened as children interact with the individual. In this study, preschool children were observed during each of two play tasks that demanded different levels of physical activity: reading and Nerf basketball. Each child played both tasks either with an adult sitting in a chair or with the same adult sitting in a wheelchair. Children's comfort was evaluated in terms of how close they sat to the adult during reading and how involved they were during basketball, at the beginning, middle, and end of both play sessions. For both play contexts, and for both the chair and wheelchair conditions, the children became more comfortable over time (after 8 min during reading; after 4 min during basketball). Task demands and handicap status of the adult influenced the children's behavior. Overall, they were rated as less comfortable during basketball when the adult was seated in a wheelchair than when the adult was in a chair. This research highlights the importance of evaluating children's behavior in context and suggests avenues by which the impact of children's negative attitudes toward the handicapped can be lessened.
Constrained Motion Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Regression for Non-linear Time Series Regression and Prediction Applications

Support Vector Regression (SVR) has been applied to many non-linear time series prediction applications [1]. There are many challenges associated with the use of SVR for non-linear time series prediction, including the selection of free parameters associated with SVR training. To optimize SVR free parameters, many different approaches have been investigated, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This paper proposes a new approach, termed Constrained Motion Particle Swarm Optimization (CMPSO), which selects SVR free parameters and solves the SVR quadratic programming (QP) problem simultaneously. To benchmark the performance of CMPSO, Mackey-Glass non-linear time series data is used for validation. Results show CMPSO performance is consistent with other time series prediction methodologies, and in some cases superior.
Valuing Intellectual Property Rights in an Imperfectly Competitive Market: A Biopharming Application

Small research firms developing biotechnology applications often focus on establishing intellectual property rights (IPRs), which can then be sold to more established firms with existing market channels. This paper presents a method for valuing the IPRs for an innovation that lowers product production costs below those associated with the patented process of a monopolist. The application to Glucocerebrosidase enzyme from transgenic tobacco suggests an IPRs value of about $1.75 billion. Despite the innovator’s market power, significant surplus gains also accrue to consumers. Further, U.S. antitrust laws that prohibit IPRs acquisition by the current monopolist increase consumer welfare by almost 50%.
Blood Typing in Disputed Paternity Cases Capabilities of American Laboratories

This paper summarizes a survey of the blood typing capabilities of representative American laboratories as they are: 1) currently applied to disputed paternity cases and 2) these laboratories potential for utilizing additional tests in disputed paternity cases.
A dynamic reinterpretation of nash bargaining with endogenous threats

This paper concerns the two-stage game introduced in Nash (1953). It formalizes a suggestion made (but not pursued) by Nash regarding equilibrium selection in that game, and hence offers an arguably more solid foundation for the “Nash bargaining with endogenous threats” solution. Analogous reasoning is then applied to an infinite horizon game to provide equilibrium selection in two-person repeated games with contracts. In this setting, issues about enforcement of threats are much less problematic than in Nash's static setting. The analysis can be extended to stochastic games with contracts.
Experimental additions of aluminum sulfate and ammonium nitrate to in situ mesocosms to reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration

Abstract Recent studies suggest that nitrogen additions to increase the total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio may reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in reservoirs. In systems where TP is >100 μg/L, however, nitrogen additions to increase the TN:TP ratio could cause ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Reducing phosphorus via aluminum sulfate (alum) may be needed prior to nitrogen additions aimed at increasing the TN:TP ratio. We experimentally tested this sequential management approach in large in situ mesocosms (70.7 m3) to examine effects on cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration. Because alum removes nutrients and most seston from the water column, alum treatment reduced both TN and TP, leaving post-treatment TN:TP ratios similar to pre-treatment ratios. Cyanobacterial biovolume was reduced after alum addition, but the percent composition (i.e., relative) cyanobacterial abundance remained unchanged. A single ammonium nitrate...
Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Apoptotic Signaling by Insulin-like Growth Factor I

Apoptosis is regulated by specific intracellular signaling pathways. The development of cardiomyopathy involves the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; however, the details of their apoptotic signaling are not yet known. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) is an important survival growth factor for myocardium and other tissues, but the effects of IGF I on apoptotic signaling remain largely unknown. To study apoptotic signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes and to understand IGF I actions on the apoptotic signaling of cardiac muscle cells, we have defined the effects of IGF I on Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, DNA fragmentation, and cell survival in primary cardiomyocytes. Compared with Bax levels, the levels of Bcl-2 were found to be quite low in these cells. Serum withdrawal and doxorubicin reduced cell viability, increased fragmentation of DNA, increased cellular contents of Bax, and activated caspase 3. IGF I enhanced cell viability, suppressed DNA fragmentation, attenuated Bax induction, and suppressed caspase 3 activation. The levels of Bcl-2-associated Bax were increased after serum withdrawal and incubation with doxorubicin and were reduced by IGF I. Thus, cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal and doxorubicin likely results, in part, from the induction of Bax and activation of caspase 3, but IGF I may inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis by attenuating Bax induction and caspase 3 activation. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of cardiomyocytes apoptosis and may help elucidate how IGF I modulates apoptotic signaling in cardiac muscle.
Short-term PV power forecasts based on a real-time irradiance monitoring network

We built an irradiance sensor network that we are now using to make operational, real-time, intra-hour forecasts of solar power at key locations. We developed reliable irradiance sensor hardware platforms to enable these sensor network forecasts. Using 19 of the 55 irradiance sensors we have throughout Tucson, we make retrospective forecasts of 26 days in April and evaluate their performance. We find that that our network forecasts outperform a persistence model for 1 to 28 minute time horizons as measured by the root mean squared error. The sensor hardware, our network forecasting method, error statistics, and future improvements to our forecasts are discussed.
Assessing Complexities in Anxiety Disorders: Consideration of Future Directions

The centrality of assessment methods in direct service delivery is noted. A summary of the major components of this book is highlighted, with special attention paid to the emphasis on empirically supported treatment delivery as dependent on reliable and valid assessment.
ECONOMICS OF A FIREWOOD PLANTATION IN BATIICALOA Casuarina equisetifolia

Alluvial soil spread over the coastal belt of the Batticaloa district in the EasternProvince while the red earth take over the interior, west of the lagoon. More that80% of the districrt uses firewood as their primary energy source and the stockhave dwindled over the past with much destruction of the natural and other forestresources, including home gardens. A clear need for cheap energy source is anurgent need into the future. Casuarina equisetifolia has been found to grow verywell under all soil types of this district and is also a species known for its highenergy content. This study was designed to study its potential as a firewood cropand the cost effectiveness as an energy source. An ideal crop should grow fast, beenergy rich and coppice well for steady supply following a harvest and alsooccupy a relatively little space. Six plots of 20 x 20 m each were planted with 6 month old saplings, grown in ourown nursery, at a rate of 10,000 plants per hectare having 400 plant per plot.Plants were watered daily for three months and every other day for the next fourmonths. Height of the plants were recorded from the first month every threemonths and the diameter was record after a year. Mortality was recorded fromplanting and the dead plants were replaced from the stock until a year afterplanting. Harvesting of wood resources was carried out in various ways: Pruningof all branches below 3' as done after 12 months; Pollarding was carried out bycutting the main branch above 6' in 7 rows of 2 plots in 18 months; Total shootharvest was done in 14 rows in 2 plots after 18 months; Pruning of all branchesbelow 6' was carried out after 2 years and total harvest was carried out at randomafter 27 months. I each case fresh/drywt of the product was recorded. Coppicingalso was recorded after pollarding and total harvest. 30,884 kg of wood would be harvested per hectare after three years. 60% ofharvested plants would coppice. Only 7078 kg would be harvested in two yearperiod. Non destructive harvesting (pruning, pollarding) would yield around1O,000kg per year. The revenue may be calculated at Rs.2 per kg of firewood.The cost of this project is around Rs. 125,000 with Rs.90,000 towards labour.Perhaps, the cost could be reduced by adjusting the planting season and alsohaving the plants in larger bags for a longer period before planting. The project may be translated to a family which provides labour as a means,towards an earning of a conservative estimate of Rs.l ,500 per month from onehectare plantation, the minimum as the return over the further years are morepositive. The data on cost from Ceylon Tobacco Company is Rs.36,800 perhectare of for a firewood plantation of eight years. The potential of such plantations in Biomass energy production is also important.It is stated that 1 d hectare plantation would produce a 1 Mw power sustainably.The species does flags high as a potential where marginal lands are available inplenty, having also in mind its ability to fix nitrogen. It would be an ideal speciesand project for a family based income in the future
Critical control points of hospital foodservice operations

Hazard analyses were made of hospital dietary cook/freeze, cook/chill, assemble/serve, and cook/hold-hot operations. These analyses consisted of measuring temperatures of foods during thawing, cooking, hot-holding, chilling, transporting foods to hospital units, reheating, and delivery to patients and observing food-handling activities for sources and modes of contamination. Identified critical control points in the cook/freeze and cook/chill operations were cooking, cooling, and handling after cooking; in the assemble/serve operation was the incoming foods, and in the cook/hold-hot operation was cooking and hot-holding. No hazards were observed during thawing. Foods were usually cooked to temperatures that would have killed vegetative forms of foodborne pathogens. Either the periods of hot-holding were short or the temperatures were high enough to preclude multiplication of these bacteria. Cooling of foods of similar kind, size, and weight was much more rapid in a rapid-chill refrigerator than in walk-in refrigerators. In the cook/hold-hot operations, temperatures of foods continued to decrease in spite of attempts to keep them hot by placing heated metal pellets under plates and covering the dished-up meal in covered carts during transport from kitchen to patients. Microwave reheating could be a critical control point whenever used, but monitoring is difficult because of considerable variation of temperatures throughout a serving of a particular food and differences between different foods on the same plate.
Seven-Year Study of Effects of California Red Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Navel Orange Production in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Navel orange trees were sprayed in the San Joaquin Valley either in the spring, summer, or fall for 7 years to suppress Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). All fruit from each of 10 trees in the treated plots and from an untreated plot were picked and weighed each year for fruit yield and California red scale comparisons. Trees sprayed between mid-June and mid-July had significantly greater fruit production and the least number of scale-infested fruit for the 7 years.
III. Mechanism of Stomal Ulcer Is Related to Length of Afferent Duodenojejunal Loop.

ConclusionsIt is difficult to separate out with finality the role of the various factors contributing to the development of stomal ulcer attending employment of a long afferent loop in the operation of complete intragastric drainage of the content of the duodenal loop. The secretin factor can not be divorced completely from the considerations of the “distance” factor. Experiment No. 12 suggests rather definitely that, the “sensitivity” factor is not as important as the other two.The evidence garnered in this study lends strong confirmation to the deductions arrived at in the previous two studies indicating that, a long afferent duodenojejunal loop invites stomal ulcer in any gastric operation carried out on the Billroth II plan of procedure.
Knowledge and risk behaviors related to AIDS among sex workers in Liuzhou city

Objective To study the knowledge,awareness of AIDS and its associated behavior among the female sexual workers(FSW) in entertainment places so as to provide evidence for the behavioral intervention.Methods 1 047 female sex workers from 3 different monitoring areas were selected and analyzed by the stratified sampling.One-to-one questionnaire type survey and blood tests were performed.Results The average age of these workers was (25.8±6.4).The knowledge of AIDS was insufficient in these FSW.The percentages of respondents believing that AIDS could be acquired through mosquito bite and having meal in the same table were 79.2%.There was different condom use rate to different objectives among the FSW,the latest clients condom use rate was 80.3%,the spouse condom use rate was 50.0%,there was significant difference between the two groups(χ2=9.1,P0.05).4 cases of AIDS(0.4%)and 28 cases of syphilis (2.7%)were found.Conclusion Condum use rate should be improved,and meanwhile,the sexually transmitted disease knowledge should be educated broadly in order to control the transmission of AIDS and STD.
Application of ventricular septal defect occluders in infants and young children with large patent ductus arteriosus

Objective To observe the availability and safety of ventricular septal defect(VSD) occluder in infants and young children with large patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) associated with severe pulmonary hypertension.Methods Five patients(1 male and 4 fomale) of large PDA aged 5 months to 3 years,weighted from 5.1 to 15 kg,body surface area(BSA) 0.37—0.58 m2 underwent transcathter intervention with concentric VSD occluders from June 2008 to May 2009.Arterial ducta were tube-like and their diameters were 5.7 to 8.5 mm,with ulmonary vascular resistance from 4.8 to 5.7 Wood Unit,Qp/Qs 3.4—4.6.Three patients were given Bosentan after intervention.Results The large PDAs were successfully closed with VSD occluders,including 1 concentric perimembranous VSD occluder and 4 muscular VSD occluders.They all discharged 4 to 5 days with hidrosis and weight improved.Echocardiogram indicated VSD occluder was stable,no residue shunt and no stricture of left pulmonary artery and descending aorta were found.According to tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation,pulmonary arterial pressure decreased differently and returned to normal after 6 months follow-up.Conclusion VSD occluder is available and effective to close large PDA associated with severe pulmonary hypertension in infants and young children,but more cases and long-term follow-up are necessary.
Disaster preparedness in families with children with special health care needs

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) may present unique challenges for disaster preparedness. This study's objective was to determine the impact of a disaster supply starter kit intervention on preparedness for families of CSHCN. The study was a 1-group pre-post cohort design with consecutive enrollment at the Arkansas Children's Hospital Medical Home Clinic. Pre- and postintervention survey findings were compared using McNemar's test. Of the 249 enrolled, 223 completed the postsurvey. At presurvey, 43% had an Emergency Information Form, compared with 79% at postsurvey (P < .001). At presurvey, 18% had a disaster kit, compared with 99.6% at postsurvey, and 44% added items. Of the 183 respondents who did not have a disaster kit at presurvey, 99% (n = 182) had a disaster kit on postsurvey, and 38% (n = 70) added items. An inexpensive educational disaster supply starter kit may increase preparedness. Further investigation on sustainability and dissemination to other populations is needed.
Short-term probabilistic forecasts for Direct Normal Irradiance

Abstract A k-nearest neighbor (kNN) ensemble model has been developed to generate Probability Density Function (PDF) forecasts for intra-hour Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI). This probabilistic forecasting model, which uses diffuse irradiance measurements and cloud cover information as exogenous feature inputs, adaptively provides arbitrary PDF forecasts for different weather conditions. The proposed models have been quantitatively evaluated using data from different locations characterized by different climates (continental, coastal, and island). The performance of the forecasts is quantified using metrics such as Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP), Prediction Interval Normalized Averaged Width (PINAW), Brier Skill Score (BSS), and the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), and other standard error metrics. A persistence ensemble probabilistic forecasting model and a Gaussian probabilistic forecasting model are employed to benchmark the performance of the proposed kNN ensemble model. The results show that the proposed model significantly outperform both reference models in terms of all evaluation metrics for all locations when the forecast horizon is greater than 5-min. In addition, the proposed model shows superior performance in predicting DNI ramps.
Archaeology of the African Diaspora in Latin America

Archaeology conducted at Latin American sites in Brazil, Cuba, Florida, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Peru has made significant contributions to our understanding of African Diaspora history. Historical archaeology of the African Diaspora in Latin America has explored technological innovations in pottery making, resistance to slavery, and everyday life. The unifying theme in these studies, like that of the Anglo colonies, has been ethnic or cultural markers of identity. Maroon studies have predominated, while plantation archaeology in Latin America is developing slowly. By placing Latin American sites within the context of theories such as ethnogenesis, focusing on intercultural interactions in Maroon and slave societies, and rediscovering the forgotten connections between Amerindians and Africans, it is possible to advance our understanding of African Diaspora social formation and culture creation.
An LMI Approach for Robust Control Laws for Structures Under Environmental Excitation

Abstract In ihis paper, we apply recently developed linear matrix inequality techniques to the design of feedback controllers for seismic-excited buildings. Unlike most applications in this area, we do not assume perfect model knowledge, but incorporate the uncertain structural parameters into the model. Both state feedback and dynamic output feedback are considered. LMIs cannot be applied easily to the dynamic output feedback case and we offer an alternative approach we believe is easier to solve.
Redlining and Greenlining: Olivia Robinson Investigates Root Causes of Racial Inequity

In the past 2 years a series of confrontations—beginning with reactions to Michael Brown's death in Ferguson, Missouri—has made the issue of police violence toward African Americans visible to a wi...
Achieving Supercritical Fluid CO2 Pressures Directly from Thermal Decomposition of Solid Sodium Bicarbonate

Abstract Compressing carbon dioxide (CO2) to supercritical pipeline pressures is one of the major costs of carbon capture and storage. Many innovative approaches to decreasing this cost have been suggested, in many cases relying on high temperature regeneration schemes utilizing high enthalpy solvents. Solid sorbent systems have not generally been examined for high pressure regeneration. We have now quantified through experimental and modelling studies that it is possible to obtain CO2 pressures of 150 bars or more by thermal decomposition of solid sodium bicarbonate (nahcolite, NaHCO3). In a cyclic operations with CO2 withdrawal, our model of the process predicts a swing capacity of 5% (wt.) when withdrawing CO2 at 20 bars, and 2% when withdrawing CO2 at 80 bars (supercritical fluid). Precipitation of solid sodium bicarbonate (“scaling”) has been observed previously when using sodium carbonate solutions in CO2 capture, and was considered an obstacle to the use of sodium carbonate as a capture solution due to potential mineral precipitation on the packing material. The ability to encapsulate the capture solvent overcomes the scaling problem and allows multiple benefits of the sodium carbonate capture solvent to realized [1] . In addition to high pressures of regeneration, these benefits include the low cost and benign nature of sodium carbonate, thermal stability with no thermal degradation, competitive carbon transfer mass when compared with amines, relatively low heat of solution of CO2 in the carbonate solvent, and potentially a reduced mass of water heated during regeneration. Using previous experimental data as well as our own measurements of CO2 pressures in equilibrium with carbonate solutions, we have developed a model of the phase behavior over a range of processing conditions of up to 210 °C and saturation with respect to nahcolite. Using these data to parametrize a Pitzer electrolyte model, we predicted that in the absence of water, nahcolite reaches supercritical CO2 pressures over the solid at about 125 °C. This encouraged us to pursue experimental determination with realistic amounts of water to allow for conversion of carbonate (CO32-) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) as loading with CO2 takes place. High CO2 pressures shift to higher temperature as the carbonate/water ratio decreases. However, encapsulated carbonates allow the system to operate at very high carbonate/water ratios such that a solid phase is present throughout the capture process. Each capsule contains mainly a solid carbonate phase with a small mass of saturated solution. Engineering of the capsule material may allow us to control both CO2 loading and water content independently to maximize CO2 carrying capacity and minimize water content, saving process energy by heating only minimal water during regeneration.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Physics-Based Windblown Dust Emission Model

A physics-based windblown dust emission parameterization scheme is developed and implemented in the CMAQ modeling system. A distinct feature of the present model includes the incorporation of a newly developed, dynamic relation for the surface roughness length, which is important in correctly predicting both the friction velocity and the roughness correction factor used in the dust emission model. Careful attention is paid in integrating the new dust module within the CMAQ to ensure the required input parameters are correctly configured. The model is evaluated for two test cases including the continental United States and the Northern hemisphere, and is shown to be able to capture the occurrence of the dust outbreak and the level of the soil concentration.
Enhanced Probabilistic Classify and Count Methods for Multi-Label Text Quantification

In this work we address the problem of Multi-Label Text Quantification. To this end, for a given collection of documents, each was pre-classified with one or more labels by some multi-label classifier, our goal is to find an estimate of the cardinality of each actual label set, as accurate as possible. We present two enhanced Probabilistic Classify and Count (PCC) methods that focus on improving the quantification accuracy by employing another supervised learning phase. Using a real-world multi-label documents dataset, we report on an experimental evaluation that compares the estimated label counts produced by our solution (and several alternatives) to the actual label counts derived from labels assigned by human experts. Our results confirm that, using our solution, the quantification accuracy can be significantly improved.
New thrombolytics, anticoagulants, and platelet antagonists: the future of clinical practice.

The prevalence and societal impact of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, in general, and acute thromboembolic diseases of the venous and arterial circulatory systems, in particular, has stimulated great enthusiasm for the development of new treatment strategies, with the universal goal of reducing morbidity, mortality, and overall healthcare expenditures. At the forefront of this intensive effort is an understanding among members of the scienti~c community that new is not necessarily better and that more potent agents may be accompanied by profound (and potentially dangerous) alterations of physiologic (protective) hemostatic mechanisms. Only carefully designed and approximately powered clinical trials can reliably answer the question of safety and ef~cacy. In the past decade there has been a virtual explosion of new information directed at the treatment of acute thromboembolic diseases, accounting for up to 60% of cardiac-based hospital admissions in the United States [1]. Enthusiasm abounds as clinicians become increasingly aware that observations derived from basic and clinical research have found their way into the patient care arena, expanding treatment options and elevating standards of practice.
The computer science club: building a student community with projects and activities that extend beyond the classroom: faculty poster

Growing a community of students in a commuter college is a difficult task. Students at commuter schools are disadvantaged with respect to resident students in many ways. Many resident colleges have dormitory floors or sections which group students of various disciplines together. Meeting after class to work on class projects is easier when your classmate lives within walking distance. of your dorm room. Resident students don't have the financial and societal pressures commuter students have that come with the responsibilities of living at home. Gersting and Young note that student computer science campus organizations, such as chapters of the ACM or IEEE and even more informal computer science clubs, offer students a multitude of social, professional, and learning opportunities. [2] At the College of Staten Island (CSI), we have leveraged our student organization's Computer Science Club to create an environment that helps students form a computer science community outside of the classroom.
Information entropy applied to software based control flow graphs

Information theory, introduced by Shannon in the context of information transfer in communication channels, is used as a foundation for research in many diverse fields. The concept Entropy in terms of information theory is seen as the average amount of information or the rate of information produced when forming a message, element by element. Entropy has found broad application in many research fields and can also be applied in software engineering for quantifying the uncertainty associated with a software code. In this paper, information entropy and its application towards measuring software complexity are explored, along with the formulation of an information entropy based complexity measure that considers logical decision-making, processes, and software statement interaction patterns in control flow graphs mapped from actual software code. To broaden the application of the proposed metric, the execution times of nodes in the control flow graphs are also incorporated. Further, the metric is evaluated against eight different axioms that a software complexity measure should satisfy.
Social Defeat Stress, Sex, and Addiction-Like Behaviors.

Social confrontation is a form of social interaction in animals where two conspecific individuals confront each other in dispute over territory, during the formation of hierarchies, and during breeding seasons. Typically, a social confrontation involves a prevailing individual and a yielding individual. The prevailing individual often exhibits aggressive postures and launches attacks, whereas the yielding individual often adopts postures of defeat. The yielding or defeated animals experience a phenomenon known as social defeat stress, in which they show exaggerated stress as well as autonomic and endocrine responses that cause impairment of both the brain and body. In laboratory settings, one can reliably generate social defeat stress by allowing a naive (or already defeated) animal to intrude into a home cage in which its resident has already established a territory or is nursing. This resident-intruder paradigm has been widely used in both males and females to study mechanisms in the brain that underlie the stress responses. Stress has profound effects on drug reward for cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and opioids. Particularly, previous experiences with social defeat can exaggerate subsequent addiction-like behaviors. The extent of these addiction-like behaviors depends on the intensity, duration, frequency, and intermittency of the confrontation episodes. This chapter describes four types of social defeat stress: acute, repeated, intermittent, and chronic. Specifically, it focuses on social defeat stress models used in laboratories to study individual, sex, and animal strain differences in addiction-like behaviors.
Breakfast Consumption Augments Appetite, Eating Behavior, and Exploratory Markers of Sleep Quality Compared with Skipping Breakfast in Healthy Young Adults.

Background Observational studies show associations between breakfast skipping, reduced satiety, and poor sleep quality; however, intervention studies are lacking. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of consuming breakfast compared with breakfast skipping on appetitive, hormonal, and neural markers of appetite and satiety; ad libitum food intake; and exploratory measures of sleep health in young adults. Methods Thirteen adults [aged 23.5 ± 0.9 y (mean ± SEMs); body mass index (kg/m2): 23.6 ± 0.6] completed the following randomized crossover-design study. Participants consumed a high-protein breakfast ("Breakfast"; 340 kcal, 30 g protein, 36 g carbohydrate, 9 g fat) or skipped breakfast ("Skip") for 7 d/treatment. On day 7, an 8-h clinical testing day was completed including assessments of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (PFC), related hormones, food cue-stimulated functional magnetic resonance imaging brain scans, and ad libitum evening food intake. Sleep quantity and quality were assessed with 7-d actigraphy, 7-d sleep diaries, and sleep-related hormones. Results Morning and daily hunger, desire to eat, PFC, and ghrelin decreased, whereas fullness increased after the Breakfast pattern compared with after the Skip pattern (all, P < 0.05). No difference in peptide YY (PYY) concentrations were detected. Hippocampal, parahippocampal, and middle frontal gyrus activations were reduced after the Breakfast pattern compared with the Skip pattern (all, P < 0.01). Although no differences in daily food intake were observed, the Breakfast pattern reduced evening intake of high-carbohydrate and high-fat foods (P < 0.05), whereas evening sugar intake tended to be reduced compared with the Skip pattern (P = 0.085). Although Breakfast led to shorter total sleep time (TST) compared with Skip (P < 0.05), no difference in sleep efficiency (TST/sleep period) was detected. Perceived sleep quality and sleep onset tended to improve after Breakfast compared with after Skip (P = 0.060 and P = 0.07, respectively). Conclusion Breakfast consumption improved appetite, satiety, and diet quality and may support some aspects of sleep health in healthy young adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03031132.