cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic variation in Laguncularia racemosa (L.) (white mangrove) from Florida and Belize: implications for trophic level studies

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data from the primary producers in mangrove ecosystems are needed to investigate trophic links and biogeochemical cycling. Compared with other mangrove species (e.g. Rhizophora mangle) very few measurements have been conducted on the white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic and elemental compositions of L. racemosa were analyzed and compared from Florida and Belize. δ 13 Cv alues ofL. racemosa from Florida (mean = –26.4‰) were slightly higher than those from Twin Cays, Belize (mean = -27.4‰), which may be due to higher salinity in some parts of the Florida site. There was no difference between the δ 15 N values from L. racemosa from these two sites (Florida mean = 0.6‰; Belize mean = 0.3‰), which are indicative of nitrogen derived from nitrogen fixation in a planktonic marine system. However, higher δ 15 N values from L. racemosa at Man of War Cay in Belize (11.4‰ and 12.3‰), which is fertilized by roosting marine birds (∼14.0‰), illustrate that L. racemosa can sensitively reflect alternative nitrogen sources. Although the isotopic data could not distinguish between Avicennia germinans, R. mangle and L. racemosa in Belize the L. racemosa had considerably higher C/N ratios (46.5 – 116.1) compared with the Florida samples (42.2 – 76.0) or the other mangrove species. Unlike some previous findings fromR. mangle, substrate characteristics (e.g. salinity, NH4 + ,a nd H 2S) were not related to the isotopic or elemental composition of L. racemosa. δ 13 C, δ 15 N and C/N were analyzed for ecosystem components from L. racemosa habitats at Twin Cays, including other plants (e.g. R. mangle, A. germinans and seagrass), detritus, microbial mats and sediments. Results from mass-balance calculations show that mangrove detritus composes very little of the sediment, which is principally composed of microbial biomass (80 – 90%). Detritus at some sites is also influenced by sources other than that fromL. racemosa, including seagrass leaves.
Practical thermal performance correlations for molecular sieve and silica gel loaded enthalpy wheels

Abstract The central thrust of this research was to develop practical enthalpy wheel effectiveness correlations useful for enthalpy wheel integrated systems design and analysis. In this research, enthalpy wheel performance data generated using established fundamental enthalpy wheel models were statistically analyzed. And then, first order linear regression equations were derived to estimate the enthalpy wheel sensible and latent effectiveness at normal operating rotational speeds (i.e. over 20 rpm). The two most common desiccant materials, silica gel and molecular sieve on aluminum substrate, were analyzed. Each correlation relates the enthalpy wheel sensible and latent effectiveness as a function of six parameters; incoming outdoor air and exhaust air temperature and relative humidity, face velocity, and air flow ratio. The enthalpy wheel leaving air conditions can then be simply estimated by employing the practical effectiveness correlations. Predicted effectiveness values corresponded well with published manufacturer’s data and existing fundamental enthalpy wheel models.
Interference management using frequency planning in an OFDMA based wireless network

In next generation broadband wireless networks, the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique provides a flexible physical interface for mobile users (MS) to share the radio resources. Since OFDMA allows MSs in different cells to reuse the same frequency subchannels to increase network spectrum utilization, MSs at the edge of a cell suffer from severe inter-cell interference from co-channel MSs in the neighboring cells. In WiMAX and LTE networks, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is employed to mitigate the interference for edge users, but may incur a cost in terms of a lower overall spectrum utilization. In this paper, we propose a novel frequency planning scheme to improve the signal-to-interference (SIR) ratio of edge MSs in a multi-cell OFDMA system. A cell is partitioned in a way that minimizes the interference to the edge areas while sustaining a full frequency reuse factor (FRF) for each cell. Simulation results show that our scheme substantially outperforms FFR methods in terms of SIR under the condition of full frequency reuse and high traffic load.
Outcome of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is believed to have an inferior outcome compared with primary ACL reconstruction. The available literature on the outcome of revision ACL reconstruction is sparse compared with that for primary reconstruction. The purpose of this systematic review was to test the hypothesis that the outcome of revision ACL reconstruction compares unfavorably with the historical outcome of primary ACL reconstruction. Methods: A systematic review of studies evaluating the outcome of revision ACL reconstructions with a minimum of two years of follow-up was performed. Pooled data were collected when appropriate and a mixed-effect-model meta-analysis was performed for important outcome measures that were reported in several studies (objective graft failure, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] subjective score, and IKDC objective score). Objective failure was defined as repeat revision, a side-to-side difference of >5 mm measured with use of a KT1000 arthrometer, or a pivotshift grade of 21 or 31. Results: Twenty-one studies were included, and 863 of the 1004 patients in these studies had a minimum of two years of follow-up and were analyzed. The pooled mean age of the patients at the time of the revision procedure was 30.6 years, and 66% were male. Objective failure occurred in 13.7% ± 2.7% of the patients (95% confidence interval, 8.0% to 19.4%). The mean Lysholm score in 491 patients was 82.1 ± 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 74.6 to 89.5) according to a mixed-model meta-analysis. The mean IKDC subjective score in 202 patients was 74.8 ± 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 62.5 to 87.0). Conclusions: Revision ACL reconstruction resulted in a worse outcome compared with primary ACL reconstruction. Patient-reported outcome scores were inferior to previously published results of primary ACL reconstruction, but these differences may not be clinically important. A dramatically elevated failure rate was noted after revision ACL reconstruction; this rate was nearly three to four times the failure rate in prospective series of primary ACL reconstructions.
Bioassessment Of Artesian Springs In The Bonneville Basin, Utah, Usa

In recent years, the loss and degradation of desert artesian springs has resulted in the loss of endemic species while other species have received “sensitive” designations. Bioassessment procedures have not been developed for groundwater-fed springs in the United States. Assessing the integrity of artesian springs is a challenge because of variable physico-chemical conditions among springs coupled with their unique hydrologic characteristics (a constant inflow of unpolluted water). We collected physico-chemical data and macroinvertebrates from 125 springs. Thirty-three springs clustered into three minimally impacted reference classes. We matched 39 test sites with one of these three classes. An integrated approach combining diversity indices, and aspects of multivariate analyses and multimetrics was more useful than any single method. Multivariate analyses (NMDS, ANOSIM and SIMPER) were particularly helpful in detecting trends at the community level and identifying specific indicator taxa (e.g., amphipods). However, macroinvertebrates in some springs did not respond to the potentially adverse effects of livestock grazing, perhaps because a variety of large ungulates historically frequented these springs (buffalo, elk, deer, etc.). Also, macroinvertebrate diversity increased with increasing disturbance; rare taxa were probably more easily detected as their densities increased with increased food availability in impaired sites. Expanding the scope of this study to artesian springs of the entire Great Basin Province may produce additional reference classes (e.g., > 20°C water temperatures) and provide a way to assess the integrity of all springs.
Content-based photo album management using faces' arrangement

Photo album management, an application of content-based image browsing/retrieval, has attracted much attention in recent years. Identities of individuals appearing in photos are the most important aspect of photo browsing. However, face recognition generally does not work effectively in such situations due to the large variations in pose, illumination and sometimes poor quality of images. We present a system for browsing photo albums. The system automatically detects and stores information about the locations of faces in the photos. A similarity function based on face arrangement is defined. Photos are then clustered based on the similarity function using a proposed clustering algorithm. The system also represents photos of an event using a composite image. The composite image is built from representative faces and an image that represents the event. Experiments indicate that the face arrangement features are effective in representing the semantic content of the photos and are appropriate for photo albums.
Alcohol consumption patterns, beverage type, and long-term mortality among women survivors of acute myocardial infarction.

Although moderate alcohol drinkers have lower rates of incident coronary artery disease than abstainers, much less is known about the health effects of different patterns of alcohol use in women with established coronary artery disease. In the Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study, 1,253 women hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (MI) at 64 centers nationwide from 1989 to 1996 were followed for mortality through December 31, 2007. Of the women, 761 (61%) reported abstention in the year before their MIs, 280 (22%) reported consumption of
Fuel treatment longevity in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest

Understanding the longevity of fuel treatments in terms of their ability to maintain fire behavior and effects within a desired range is an important question. The objective of this study was to determine how fuels, forest structure, and predicted fire behavior changed 7-years after initial treatments. Three different treatments: mechanical only, mechanical plus fire, and prescribed fire only, as well as untreated control, were each randomly applied to 3 of 12 experimental units. Many aspects of the initial fuel treatments changed in 7 years. The overall hazard of the control units increased significantly indicating continued passive management has further increased already high fire hazards. Mechanical only fire hazard decreased after 7 years and are now similar to the two fire treatments, which both maintained low hazards throughout the study. Tree density declined significantly 7 years after the initial fire only treatments, while basal area in both fire treatments was unchanged relative to immediate post-treatment conditions. Our findings indicating reduced fire hazard over time in mechanical only treatments might provide an opportunity for a staggered treatment schedule that included prescribed fire which could increase overall treatment longevity to approximately 20 years. Changes in our mixed conifer forests after fuel treatment were generally larger than those reported from ponderosa pine forests in the Rocky Mountains.
QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Telomere Length Control Factors in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Telomere length is a quantitative trait important for many cellular functions. Failure to regulate telomere length contributes to genomic instability, cellular senescence, cancer, and apoptosis in humans, but the functional significance of telomere regulation in plants is much less well understood. To gain a better understanding of telomere biology in plants, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify genetic elements that control telomere length variation in maize (Zea mays L.). For this purpose, we measured the median and mean telomere lengths from 178 recombinant inbred lines of the IBM mapping population and found multiple regions that collectively accounted for 33–38% of the variation in telomere length. Two-way analysis of variance revealed interaction between the quantitative trait loci at genetic bin positions 2.09 and 5.04. Candidate genes within these and other significant QTL intervals, along with select genes known a priori to regulate telomere length, were tested for correlations between expression levels and telomere length in the IBM population and diverse inbred lines by quantitative real-time PCR. A slight but significant positive correlation between expression levels and telomere length was observed for many of the candidate genes, but Ibp2 was a notable exception, showing instead a negative correlation. A rad51-like protein (TEL-MD_5.04) was strongly supported as a candidate gene by several lines of evidence. Our results highlight the value of QTL mapping plus candidate gene expression analysis in a genetically diverse model system for telomere research.
Research Note---Do Electronic Linkages Reduce the Bullwhip Effect? An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Manufacturing Supply Chains

The bullwhip effect is a major source of supply chain inefficiency. Whereas prior literature has identified a number of potential contributing factors and recommended such remedies as information sharing enabled by information technology (IT) or electronic linkage (EL), few studies have provided empirical support. We use industry-level data to examine whether EL use with buyer and supplier industries helps reduce the bullwhip effect as measured by inventory--demand variance ratio. Our major findings are that (1) EL use with supplier industries reduces the bullwhip effect, whereas (2), surprisingly, EL use with buyer industries increases it, but (3) this adverse effect tends to be mitigated by IT use. These findings point to the possible asymmetric effects of EL use in supply chains and provide a different perspective to the existing conclusions in the literature that EL use improves performance. Combining the above results, we have learned that the use of EL tends to behave differently depending on whether it is used upstream or downstream in the supply chain. This also sheds light on the conditions under which such investment may be more (or less) beneficial.
Nonlinear Control Allocation Using Piecewise Linear Functions

Abstract : A novel method is presented for the solution of the non-linear control allocation problem. Historically, control allocation has been performed by assuming that a linear relationship exists between the control induced moments and the control effector displacements. However, aerodynamic databases are discrete valued and almost always stored in multidimensional look up tables where it is assumed that the data is connected by piecewise linear functions. The approach that is presented utilizes the piecewise linear assumption for the control effector moment data. This assumption allows the non-linear control allocation problem to be cast as a piecewise linear program. The piecewise linear program is ultimately cast as a mixed-integer linear program, and it is shown that this formulation solves the control allocation problem exactly. The performance of a re-usable launch vehicle using the piecewise linear control allocation method is shown to be markedly improved when compared to the performance of a more traditional control allocation approach that assumes linearity.
Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures.

Background:The local emergency medical services (EMS) council implemented a new pediatric treatment protocol using a Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD) to deliver intranasal (IN) midazolam for seizure activity.Methods:We sought to compare outcomes in seizing pediatric patients treated with IN midazola
Studies of DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase reacts with a nucleic acid to form a binary complex, which can be isolated by density gradient centrifugation or by millipore filtration techniques. Studies of the complex of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and phage lambda DNA show that temperature and ribonucloside triphosphates do not affect the extent of binding. The binary complex is very sensitive to ionic strength. Enzyme bound in the complex exchanges with free enzyme. In the presence of Mg2+, the lambda DNA becomes saturated with enzyme when 2.5 μg have been bound per microgram of DNA. Transfer RNA and synthetic polyribonucleotides also react with the enzyme at 0°C. In the presence of divalent cation at low ionic strength, the main complex of the enzyme and a polyribonucleotide has a sedimentation value of 15S. In the absence of divalent cation, or at higher ionic strength, the value is 13S. Polyuridylate and polycytidylate have a greater affinity for the enzyme than polyadenylate or transfer RNA. An interesting question regarding the specificity of interaction of RNA polymerase with native DNA is whether any of the RNA chains made have the sequence AUG, the principal N-formylmethionine codon, at the 5′ termini. Studies with T7 DNA show that, under conditions of high ionic strength, 24% of the RNA chains start August.
Experiments with Memory-to-Memory Coupling for End-to-End Fusion Simulation Workflows

Scientific applications are striving to accurately simulate multiple interacting physical processes that comprise complex phenomena being modeled. Efficient and scalable parallel implementations of these coupled simulations present challenging interaction and coordination requirements, especially when the coupled physical processes are computationally heterogeneous and progress at different speeds. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a memory-to-memory coupling framework for coupled scientific simulations on high-performance parallel computing platforms. The framework is driven by the coupling requirements of the Center for Plasma Edge Simulation, and it provides simple coupling abstractions as well as efficient asynchronous (RDMA-based) memory-to-memory data transport mechanisms that complement existing parallel programming systems and data sharing frameworks. The framework enables flexible coupling behaviors that are asynchronous in time and space, and it supports dynamic coupling between heterogeneous simulation processes without enforcing any synchronization constraints. We evaluate the performance and scalability of the coupling framework using a specific coupling scenario, on the Jaguar Cray XT5 system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Adipose-specific effect of rosiglitazone on vascular permeability and protein kinase C activation: novel mechanism for PPARγ agonist’s effects on edema and weight gain

PPARγ agonists, thiazolidinediones, cause fluid retention and edema due to unknown mechanisms. We characterized the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG), a thiazolidinedione, to induce vascular permeability, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and protein kinase C (PKC) activation with edema and wt gain. In lean, fatty and diabetic Zucker rats, and endothelial insulin receptor knockout mice, RSG increased wt and vascular permeability, selectively in fat and retina, but not in heart or skeletal muscle. H2O content and wt of epididymal fat were increased by RSG and correlated to increases in capillary permeability in fat and body wt. RSG induced VEGF mRNA expression and PKC activation in fat and retina up to 2.5-fold. Ruboxistaurin, a PKCβ isoform inhibitor, in the latter 2 wk of a 4-wk study, normalized vascular permeability in fat and decreased total wt gain, H2O content, and wt of fat vs. RSG alone but did not decrease VEGF expression, basal permeability, or food intake. Finally, RSG did not i...
The role of CO2 in metal-catalyzed peroxidations☆

Abstract Transition metals, such as Cu+2, Mn+2, and Co+2, have been seen to catalyze the bicarbonate enhanced oxidation of a variety of substrates by H2O2. In several of these cases it has been demonstrated that CO2, rather than bicarbonate, is the enhancing species. Mechanisms that are in accord with the data involve a hypervalent state that may be written (MO)+n, or (MOH)+n+1, or (M)+n+2. This metal centered oxidant then oxidizes CO2 to the carbonate radical; that is then the proximal oxidant of the various substrates. Whether a similar process has in vivo reality remains to be demonstrated.
The Effect of Bottom Pressure Decoupling on the Speed of Extratropical, Baroclinic Rossby Waves

Abstract In layered models of the ocean, the assumption of a deep resting layer is often made, motivated by the surface intensification of many phenomena. The propagation speed of first-mode, baroclinic Rossby waves in such models is always faster than in models with all the layers active. The assumption of a deep-resting layer is not crucial for the phase-speed enhancement since the same result holds if the bottom pressure fluctuations are uncorrelated from the overlying wave dynamics. In this paper the authors explore the relevance of this behavior to recent observational estimates of “too-fast” waves by Chelton and Schlax. The available evidence supporting this scenario is reviewed and a method that extends the idea to a continuously stratified fluid is developed. It is established that the resulting amplification factor is at leading order captured by the formula, where Cfast is the enhanced phase speed, Cstandard the standard phase speed, Φ′1(z) is the standard first mode for the velocity and pressur...
Migration, ethnocultural diversity and future worklife: challenges and opportunities

"Future worklife" is being shaped by massive global forces that include sizeable world population increases, endless south-north and east-west migration, endemic world poverty, inequities in the distribution of wealth and resources, scores of low-intensity regional wars, and the quiet desperation of billions of people living lives of deprivation, resentment and anger. Some social commentators are now speaking of "disposable human resources." These global social, political, and economic forces must be considered as we pursue our efforts to understand, clarify, and define "future worklife" because they will ultimately shape and direct it, and overwhelm in importance the local forces at each workplace. To the extent that we choose to recognize and respond to these global forces, we can perhaps participate in choosing our future. To the extent we avoid them, our future may be determined by a limited number of corporate and government people whose visions and concerns are more narrow and self-serving. I would like to discuss the relationship of migration, poverty, and ethnocultural diversity to future worklife, especially the challenges and opportunities that emerge when people from different racial and cultural groups are required to work competitively in pursuit of wealth, security, status, power, and survival. Workers from different racial groups and cultural traditions are encountering one another in the contemporary workplace with greater frequency each day as global forces unfold. And in each microcosmic racial and cultural encounter, there are the macrocosmic issues of power, equality, opportunity, responsibility, justice, and survival. Ultimately, exploring the interface of migration, ethnocultural diversity, poverty, and future worklife raises some of the most vexing and important political, social, economic, and moral questions of our time: What are the rights of nations? What responsibilities do we have as nations, societies, and individuals toward one another? What are the virtues and risks of ethnocultural
Measuring the Impact of Faculty Research: A Case Study

A major element of many academic programs’ missions is to produce rigorous research. For a variety of reasons, including accreditation requirements, it is important to measure the impact of that research. For example, such a measurement can help an academic unit understand whether the resources used to enhance faculty research capabilities and productivity are cost beneficial. This paper provides a case study of how the School of Accountancy at Brigham Young University measures the impact of its faculty’s research output. The case study shows how an academic unit’s research should be tied to the unit’s foundation documents and mission and suggests ways in which the impact of faculty research can be assessed. The case study highlights many of the difficult issues in measuring impact and provides an example of how one academic unit addressed these issues. Because every academic unit that attempts to measure the impact of its faculty research must address similar issues and questions, the paper should be helpful to those trying to measure research impact.
Biological Effects of Cf-252 Neutrons at Low Dose Rates

SummaryThe EMT6 tumour of the Balb/c mouse and the LSA ascites lymphoma of the C57BL/YM mouse have been used to study the effects of Cf-252 neutrons at low dose rates. EMT6 and LSA cells were irradiated in vitro in a hypoxic state; EMT6/KY cells were plated after exposure for colony-forming ability assays, while TD50 assays were used to test the tumour-forming ability of LSA cells.EMT6 cells showed r.b.e.n values of 5·3, 4·7, and 3·0 for Cf-252 dose rates of 26·8, 10·2, and 5·2 cGy/hour (≡ rad/hour), respectively, when compared to Cs-137 irradiations at dose rates of 79·7, 25·7 and 12·1 cGy/hour, respectively. The LSA ascites gave r.b.e.n values of 5·6 and 5·2 at dose rates of 27·0 and 6·94 cGy/hour of Cf-252, when compared to Cs-137 irradiations at 79·6 and 24·9 cGy/hour, respectively. However, changes in r.b.e. values for both systems were entirely dependent on comparison with Cs-137 survival curves.
Decolonizing Literacy: Mexican Lives in the Era of Global Capitalism. Gregorio Hernández-Zamora, England: Multilingual Matters, 2010, 232 pages

Hernandez-Zamora challenges the present-day assumptions of how literacy and illiteracy are measured among post-colonial Mexican adults who live either in Mexico or the United States. By doing so, he states that literacy should be situated within the society rather than the individual. He frames his research by drawing from sociocultural, dialogical, and postcolonial research and theories. Since Hernandez-Zamora’s main thesis is that the development of literacy is promoted or hindered by social conditions, he methodologically uses the “study of communities and the study of individual trajectories of literacy practices across time and space” (p. 31) to describe and understand how those trajectories are marked by social, cultural, and postcolonial factors. This book provides valuable contributions to the sometimes overlooked body of research on literacy and language experiences of poor Mexicans on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.
Abstract T P45: Task Fmri Based Functional Connectivity in Acute Stroke Patients With and Without Motor Impairments

Introduction: Several studies employing functional/effective connectivity methods have reported performance-related changes in the motor network after stroke. We investigated changes in the motor network in a group of acute stroke patients (less than 7 days from stroke onset) with and without motor impairments compared to age-matched healthy controls. Methods: Seed regions for task-based functional connectivity were based on peak coordinates of significant clusters of activation associated with right-hand finger tapping task in the scanner, derived from 13 left hemisphere stroke patients (mean age 63 yrs, 11 right handed) and 13 age-matched healthy controls. These regions were then used to examine seed-based functional connectivity in 23 patients (12 with motor impairment [7 LH strokes, avg. age of 59, 10 rt handed], and 11 without [7 LH strokes, avg. age of 63, 9 rt handed]. Motor impairment was based on self-reported scores on the hand strength and hand function domain of the Stroke Impact Scale(Duncan ...
Complex Litigation: The Texas Touchdown

This paper is a commentary and analysis of the Texas Supreme Court decision in Compaq Computer Corp. v. Lapray, a class action dealing with alleged defective floppy disk controllers. The class consisted of approximately 1.8 million computer purchasers of 37 different Compaq models. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s certification of a Texas (b)(2) declaratory judgment action and a (b)(3) damage class, even though the trial court had deferred making any choice of law decision concerning what law would apply to the claims in this nationwide action. Relying extensively on federal class action jurisprudence, the Texas Supreme Court reversed, holding that the trial court had abused its discretion in certifying a (b)(3) class because both the trial (and appellate) court failed to conduct a proper choice-of-law analysis. Consequently, the class could not satisfy the (b)(3) predominance requirement. Conducting its own choice of law analysis de novo, the Texas Supreme Court determined that the differences in state law relating to an express warranty claim defeated class certification. In addition, the Texas Supreme Court held that in certifying the (b)(2) class, the trial court had failed to analyze the cohesiveness of the proposed class rigorously, and did not consider notice and opt-out rights. Consequently, the Court reversed the (b)(2) certification. This article surveys the Texas Supreme Court’s analysis of the class certification issues in this massive nationwide class action, and discusses whether the decision will gain traction as a precedential case in Texas.
Efficient surface-level gateway deployment using underwater sensing and processing networks

Underwater sensor networks (UWSN) have two major challenges: limited bandwidth and high propagation delay. In-network processing can improve the performance of UWSN data flow in the network, leading to better channel utilization. In order to do this, processing nodes have to be deployed to perform local processing, such as compression, mining, and feature extraction on the collected data. In this paper, we first develop an optimization framework based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) for processing node deployment. We then solve the problems of processing and surface-level gateway node deployment and investigate their trade-offs. The advantage of processing node deployment on end-to-end delay and network lifetime is highlighted. Our results show that deploying processing nodes can minimize the number of surface-level gateways in addition to improving the performance of the network. Simulations are used to validate our work and show the advantages of the proposed architecture.
Changes in oxygenation and hemodynamics in the human head assessed by frequency-domain multidistance NIRS

We verified that we indeed “see the brain,” using near-infrared spectroscopy and the frequency-domain multi-distance approach during selective ischemia by applying a scalp tourniquet and by clamping the internal and external carotid arteries during neurosurgery.
Studies on the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). I. Effect of starvation and thiamine deficiency.

SummaryBlood and small intestine of thiamine deficient rats showed reduced levels of 5-HT while 5-HT content of the spleen of both starved and deficient animals was elevated. Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity was increased in the brain and small intestine during starvation and B1-deficiency without any detectable change in that of the liver, spleen and kidney.
Nonlinear Trend Analysis of Longitudinal Pointwise Visual Field Sensitivity in Suspected and Early Glaucoma

Purpose We have shown previously that a nonlinear exponential model fits longitudinal series of mean deviation (MD) better than a linear model. This study extends that work to investigate the mode (linear versus nonlinear) of change for pointwise sensitivities.
Ellis’s Later Works

As noted above, the later works of William Ellis do not substantially add to or alter the economic doctrines he had presented in the 1835 lectures. Though he wrote extensively beginning in 1846, and almost all of his books, pamphlets and articles were concerned with economics or with how economics should be taught in schools, his works were mainly intended as teaching aids or as a means to popularize orthodox classical economics. He did not attempt to bring forward new economic theory or to seriously analyze existing theory. Ellis did attempt, however, to shift the focus of economics to make it a moral science that was the concern of all people, including young children, rather than a science that could only be understood by the middle and upper classes. This was accomplished primarily through his presentation of the material and the degree of emphasis he afforded certain topics. This chapter will examine Ellis’s later works, showing how he shifted the emphasis of his economics.
The rise of heritage: preserving the past in France, Germany and England, 1789–1914

Astrid Swenson argues that traditional explanations of the rise of heritage in France, Germany, and Great Britain are problematic. Historians have contended that heritage was a creation of the stat...
Angle-mdulated single-pixel plasmonic color filter

We demonstrate the design, simulation and experimental realization of a single-pixel aperiodic slit-groove plasmonic device that exhibits angle-selectable RGB color response at optical frequencies. The structure demonstrates high quality-factor and optical contrast with full-color RGB response. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are surface waves at a metal and dielectric interface resulting from the coupling of electromagnetic radiation to charge oscillations. The study of SPPs, though easily understood with classical theory, offers a richness of phenomena that has led to a diverse range of applications in sensing, imaging, and non-linear optics [1]. In recent years, plasmonic based structures exhibiting a full-color RGB response have been developed, however these devices require the fabrication of three physically separate structures with scaled periodicities each tailored to a single frequency [2–4]. Here, we demonstrate the design, fabrication and experimental characterization of a single aperiodic slit-groove based plasmonic device that exhibits angle-selectable RGB color response with high-Q and high optical contrast at optical frequencies. The device consists of a single-subwavelength slit surrounded by multiple grooves whose position, widths and depths are individually optimized to exhibit the desired color response at specific incident angles (Fig. 1(b) and (c)). In this talk, we will discuss how the optimization method as proposed here could be utilized to fabricate high-Q slit-groove plasmonic structures for sensing applications. A simple-interference based 1st-order analytical model that is used for a filter design process, and free of FDTD calculations, will also be discussed. This model is based on optimizing the phase-shift accrued by light coupling/scattering from multiple grooves surrounding a single deep-subwavelength slit. Besides its simplicity and accuracy in predicting the spectral transmission (Fig. 1(b)), the plasmonic filter design model represents immense time saving factor during the filter design process. We will finally discuss a three-dimensional directional light sensor produced by this model. We expect this design process and optimization algorithm to be applicable to a number of other plasmonic and photonic device designs. This reverse-engineering approach of designing structures holds promise for next generation aperiodic nanophotonic devices.
Damage Identification Using a Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer System

A continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system is capable of rapidly obtaining spatially dense operating deflection shapes (ODSs) by continuously sweeping a laser spot from the system over a structure surface. This paper presents a new damage identification methodology for beams that uses their ODSs under sinusoidal excitation obtained by a CSLDV system, where baseline information of associated undamaged beams is not needed. A curvature damage index (CDI) is proposed to identify damage near a region with high values of the CDI at an excitation frequency. The CDI uses the difference between curvatures of ODSs associated with ODSs that are obtained by two different CSLDV measurement methods, i.e., demodulation and polynomial methods; the former provides rapid and spatially dense ODSs of beams, and the latter provides ODSs that can be considered as those of associated undamaged beams. Phase variables are introduced to the two methods for damage identification purposes. The proposed damage identification methodology was experimentally validated on a beam with damage in the form of machined thickness reduction. The damage and its region were successfully identified in neighborhoods of prominent peaks of CDIs at different excitation frequencies.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Quality factor calculations for the characteristic modes of dielectric resonator antennas

Characteristic mode theory (CMT) is employed to calculate the eigenmodes of dielectric objects based on the volume integral equation. With the knowledge of modal current, the quality factor (Q) of the characteristic modes are then calculated. In contrast to most conventional analysis techniques, the modal Qs are now available at any frequency, rather than only their resonant frequencies. This method offers additional information that can be used for single and multi-port dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) design and shape optimization. To verify our method, a cylindrical dielectric resonator is studied, and the Q factors at its natural resonance frequencies are compared with results from previous literature. This approach can be readily applied to geometries of arbitrary shape.
The Gendered Experiences of Researchers Studying Gender in Management

This study investigates the motivations and lived experiences of male and female researchers who study gender in management. Interviews were conducted with 11 men and 14 women scholars. Using a gro...
Columbus: Filesystem Tree Introspection for Software Discovery

Software discovery is a key management function to ensure that systems are free of vulnerabilities, comply with licensing requirements, and support advanced search for systems containing given software. Today, software is predominantly discovered through querying package management tools, or using rules that check for file metadata or contents. These approaches are inadequate as not every software is installed through package managers, and agile development practices lead to frequent deployment of software. Other approaches to software discovery use machine learning methods requiring training phase, or require maintaining knowledge bases. Columbus uses the knowledge of the software packaging practices that evolved over time, and uses the information embedded in the file system impression created by a software package to discover it. Columbus is able to discover software in 92% of all official Docker images. Further, Columbus can be used in problem diagnosis and drift detection situations to compare two different systems, or to determine the evolution of a system overtime.
Endogeneity and identification in transportation systems: econometric relationships to partial observability

Abstract This paper addresses key econometric issues related to partial observability and identification due to endogeneity in transportation systems. The purpose of this essay is to bring to the forefront the identification problem in transportation systems stemming from partial observability. Inferences from recent work in pavement condition and traffic safety models are used to build this essay. Given the highly empirical nature of transportation contexts, sources of endogeneity and forms of exogeneity and consequent impacts on identification and parameter estimation are discussed.
Perceptual Theory and Epistemological Dualism: Some Examples from Experimental Psychology

Some recent explanatory models in perceptual psychology of the relation between stimulus input and perceptual processes are analyzed. It is suggested that the use of representational models logically entails an epistemological dualism between perceiver and perceived. The paper concludes by suggesting that dualistic models in perceptual theory are conceptually avoidable once it is recognized that these models are simply methodological postulates rather than necessary presuppositions.
Design of a rotary reactor for chemical-looping combustion. Part 2: Comparison of copper-, nickel-, and iron-based oxygen carriers

Abstract Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel and promising option for several applications including carbon capture (CC), fuel reforming, H 2 generation, etc. Previous studies demonstrated the feasibility of performing CLC in a novel rotary design with micro-channel structures. Part 1 of this series studied the fundamentals of the reactor design and proposed a comprehensive design procedure, enabling a systematic methodology of designing and evaluating the rotary CLC reactor with different OCs and operating conditions. This paper presents the application of the methodology to the designs with three commonly used OCs, i.e., copper, nickel, and iron. The physical properties and the reactivities of the three OCs are compared at operating conditions suitable for the rotary CLC. Nickel has the highest reduction rate, but relatively slow oxidation reactivity while the iron reduction rate is most sensitive to the fuel concentration. The design parameters and the operating conditions for the three OCs are selected, following the strategies proposed in Part 1, and the performances are evaluated using a one-dimensional plug-flow model developed previously. The simulations show that for all OCs, complete fuel conversion and high carbon separation efficiency can be achieved at periodic stationary state with reasonable operational stabilities. The nickel-based design includes the smallest dimensions because of its fast reduction rate. The operation of nickel case is mainly limited to the slow oxidation rate, and hence a relatively large share of air sector is used. The iron-based design has the largest size, due to its slow reduction reactivity near the exit or in the fuel purge sector where the fuel concentration is low. The gas flow temperature increases monotonically for all the cases, and is mainly determined by the solid temperature. In the periodic state, the local temperature variation is within 40 K and the thermal distortion is limited. The design of the rotary CLC is also scaled to different pressures and inlet temperatures. The method of scaling is discussed and desirable operational performances are obtained.
Application of the EMA Model to Tourism Entrepreneurs: Motivation as a Mediator

This research uses the expectation, motivation, and attitude (EMA) model, originally developed for tourists/consumers, to provide a better understanding of what guides the actions of entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs have not been a focus in the hospitality literature therefore their desire to start the business, expectations about the business, and resulting attitudes are not fully understood. The study uses bed and breakfast entrepreneurs as the population and finds that motivation is a mediator of the relationship between expectations and attitudes. Additionally, using the model in this new setting, with a new population supports the model as providing the underlying relationships at work when the population investigated is expending resources for a desired outcome. The EMA model should continue to be used in future research.
Early Diagnosed and Treated Glutaric Acidemia Type 1 Female Presenting with Subependymal Nodules in Adulthood.

Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1, OMIM no. 231670) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). The subsequent accumulation of the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan and their breakdown intermediates can be neurotoxic and particularly cause injury to the basal ganglia.
Woody eyes, be gone!

In this issue of Blood, Shapiro et al describe the first-in-class experience of infusing plasma-derived Glu-plasminogen to 14 patients with congenital deficiency of plasminogen as part of an ongoing, phase 2/3, open-label clinical trial, reporting encouraging results.1 Congenital plasminogen deficiency is caused by homozygous or compound-heterozygous mutations in the plasminogen (PLG) gene, located on chromosome 6q26. It is, in the words of the authors, “ultra-rare,” predicted to affect ∼1 to 2 per million people.2 Plasminogen is activated to plasmin and is critical for intravascular and extravascular fibrinolysis. Other functions include wound healing, cell migration, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and embryogenesis. Glu-plasminogen has a glutamic acid residue at its N-terminus, as opposed to Lys-plasminogen, which has a lysine. Glu-plasminogen is the predominant form found in circulation and has a half-life of 2 to 2.5 days, whereas the half-life of Lys-plasminogen is 0.8 days.3
Urinary Bladder Function in the Tight-Skin Mouse

Tight-skin mice develop hypertrophy of connective tissue and tendons, associated with increases in collagen concentration in skin, heart, lungs, and tail. The bladders from these mice have not previously been examined. Because of the purported importance of collagen in bladder wall structure and compliance, we examined collagen content, micturition characteristics, and length-tension relationships in bladders from tight-skin mice. Bladder collagen content and concentration were approximately 70% greater in 5-6 month tight-skin mice than age-matched controls, but bladder mass, protein content, and protein concentration were similar. Tight-skin mice urinated larger volumes more frequently during the light cycle, and the functional bladder capacity appeared to be greater than that of controls. There was a small shift to the right of the passive length-tension curves of bladder strips from tight-skin mice, but the shift was not statistically significant. The magnitude of active tension development was the same. The data suggest that bladder collagen concentration does not necessarily determine bladder capacity or compliance. It is suggested that other factors, such as the ratio of collagen subtypes or the collagen:elastin ratio may have more importance for the maintenance of bladder distension.
The Legitimacy of Founder CEOs: Foreign IPOs in the United States

In this paper, we examine institutional investment in 129 foreign IPOs listed on the NASDAQ or NYSE from 2001-2011. We hypothesize that there will be more institutional investors in firms with foun...
An automatic system for scattered-light photoelasticity

This paper describes the recent development of an automatic data-collecting-and-interpreting system for a dual-observation method in scattered-light photoelasticity.
Public Service-Function Types and Interlocal Agreement Network Structure: A Longitudinal Study of Iowa:

Interlocal service delivery networks have become a prominent subject within the urban governance literature, with significant scholarly attention being focused on the political, legal, and demograp...