cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
N+3 and N+4 Generation Aeropropulsion Engine Combustors: Part 2 — Medium Size Rich-Dome Engines and Lean-Domes

Comprehensive assessment of the medium size rich-dome engines was conducted leading to the following emissions correlations:Display Formula(1)LTO NOx=1.129×OPR1.0899withR2=0.9248Takeoff NOxEI given byDisplay Formula(2)NOxEI=0.0729×OPR1.7197withR2=0.9603Display FormulaCOEIidle=396.42NOxEITakeoff0.814These correlations may be compared with the following for the CFM56 Tech Insertion:Display FormulaTakeoff NOxEICFM_TI=0.0744×OPR1.7151Display FormulaIdle COEICFM_TI=396.42Takeoff NOxEI0.814Display FormulaIdle HCEICFM_TI=0.1609×Idle COEI-3.1959TALON II takeoff NOxEI data are reproduced well by:Display FormulaNOxEITALON II=0.0167×OPR2.1403TALON II gives 10% lower NOx at 26 OPR and its NOx is comparable with the CFM_TI at 34 OPR.The CFM DAC technology is competitive with LEC’s for the low rated thrust engines. However, interaction between the two domes leads to early quenching with resultant higher idle COEI plateau. On the other hand, the 40 OPR lean DAC gave 25% higher NOx than LEC. Moreover, lean DAC (Gen-1) impacted fuel burn adversely making its likelihood to continue as product discouraging.The second generation lean dome technology initially kicked off under NASA sponsorship with significantly larger funding support from the CFMI and GE Aviation (GEA) led to successful introduction of TAPS into products (GEnx-1B and Gen-2B) with potential applications in other future GEA engines.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Studies on the Transfer of Steroid Hormones Across the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in the Rhesus Monkey

Indwelling canulae were placed in the lateral ventricles of the brains of six adult male rhesus monkeys, and the movement of estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier was measured. Serial samples of blood and CSF were collected every 30 minutes during a 6 hour infusion of the tritiated steroids, and the quantity of free steroid in the blood and CSF was determined by recrystallization to constant specific activity. During the course of the 6-hour infusion, the average CSF concentration of steroid, expressed as dpm/ml, was about 3.5% of the concurrent plasma level of E2, 1.6% of the concurrent plasma level of T, and 0.08% of the concurrent plasma level of DHT. It is proposed that these differences in steroid transfer can be attributed to differential binding of these steroids to testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin (TeBG) in plasma. {Endocrinology 99: 400, 1976)
Multiple Exciton Generation in Films of Electronically Coupled PbSe Quantum Dots

We study multiple exciton generation (MEG) in electronically coupled films of PbSe quantum dots (QDs) employing ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the MEG efficiency in PbSe does not decrease when the QDs are treated with hydrazine, which has been shown to greatly enhance carrier transport in PbSe QD films by decreasing the interdot distance. The quantum yield is measured and compared to previously reported values for electronically isolated QDs suspended in organic solvents at ∼4 and 4.5 times the effective band gap. A slightly modified analysis is applied to extract the MEG efficiency and the absorption cross section of each sample at the pump wavelength. We compare the absorption cross sections of our samples to that of bulk PbSe. We find that both the biexciton lifetime and the absorption cross section increase in films relative to isolated QDs in solution.
AN ALMOST UNIQUELY HOMOGENEOUS SUBGROUP OF R

An example is constructed of a connected locally connected (n - I)-dimensional subgroup X of W” with the property that for every homeomorphism g in H(X) there is an h E X such that g(x) = x+ h or g(x) = -x + h. The dimension of the space of homeomorphisms H(X) will also be n - 1. A new proof of a theorem of Barit and Renaud is also given. In particular, let X be a separable metric space which is either compact or locally compact and locally connected. If X is uniquely homogeneous, then X is trivial or the group of order two.
Annual Fecundity of a Neotropical Bird During Years of High and Low Rainfall

Abstract. We investigated how variation in the timing and amount of annual precipitation influenced annual variation in the fecundity of the Spotted Antbird (Hylophylax naevioides) in central Panama from 1998 to 2001. The onset of nesting varied significantly by year and corresponded with a notably strong episode of El Nino—Southern Oscillation that generated variation by year in dry-season precipitation and the onset of wet-season rains. The end of nesting, however, was not influenced by annual variation in rainfall. Fecundity was also similar each year despite pronounced variation in wet-season precipitation. Although breeding pairs attempted an average of almost five nests per year, slightly less than one nest attempt per pair was successful. Annual fecundity was 1.5 fledglings per pair, exceeding the turnover of territorial adults in this population. Extended parental investment in care of fledglings delayed renesting and consequently limited subsequent opportunities to breed within the season. Predat...
Antibiotic therapy for Clostridium difficile infection

Abstract Antibiotic treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults in the United States has been guided by the 2010 joint guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), but three new sets of guidelines became available in 2013, including one from the American College of Gastroenterology and two from Europe. This article will put these guidelines in perspective, review their recommendations, and cite the data from key primary references. Although varied definitions of disease severity are used, metronidazole is generally recommended for a first or second episode of non-severe CDI, low-dose oral vancomycin is preferred for severe CDI, and the combination of high-dose oral vancomycin plus intravenous metronidazole is reserved for complicated CDI. The roles of fidaxomicin and other measures are also discussed. However, the many caveats within the recommendations underscore the importance of clinical judgment in treating this evolving disease.
Postprandial Changes in the Exhalation Rate of Radon Produced in Vivo

The rate of exhalation of radon by persons with long-standing radium burdens increases about twofold shortly after a meal. The increase is short-lived and "normal" values are regained in 1.5 to 2 hours. The effect may account in part for the poor reproducibility in estimates of the freely emanating part of the radium content.
Adenovirus Type 5 E4orf3 Protein Targets the Mre11 Complex to Cytoplasmic Aggresomes

Virus infections have dramatic effects on structural and morphological characteristics of the host cell. The gene product of open reading frame 3 in the early region 4 (E4orf3) of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is involved in efficient replication and late protein synthesis. During infection with adenovirus mutants lacking the E4 region, the viral genomic DNA is joined into concatemers by cellular DNA repair factors, and this requires the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. Concatemer formation can be prevented by the E4orf3 protein, which causes the cellular redistribution of the Mre11 complex. Here we show that E4orf3 colocalizes with components of the Mre11 complex in nuclear tracks and also in large cytoplasmic accumulations. Rearrangement of Mre11 and Rad50 by Ad5 E4orf3 is not dependent on interactions with Nbs1 or promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. Late in infection the cytoplasmic inclusions appear as a distinct juxtanuclear accumulation at the centrosome and this requires an intact microtubule cytoskeleton. The large cytoplasmic accumulations meet the criteria defined for aggresomes, including γ-tubulin colocalization and formation of a surrounding vimentin cage. E4orf3 also appears to alter the solubility of the cellular Mre11 complex. These data suggest that E4orf3 can target the Mre11 complex to an aggresome and may explain how the cellular repair complex is inactivated during adenovirus infection.
Unequal numbers of observations and partial efficiency gain

Abstract This paper investigates the efficiency gain from Aitken estimation in the seemingly unrelated regression equations with unequal numbers of observations and identical regressors. We find that there is efficiency gain for the equation with a smaller number of observations only.
The breast self-examination practices of high risk women: implications for patient education.

Abstract The breast self-examination (BSE) behavior of 142 women referred to a large cancer center with malignant or benign breast disease was investigated. The women were interviewed about their BSE practices and variables that may have influenced their BSE behavior. Those reporting prior BSE practice were asked to demonstrate their breast examination to a trained nurse, who rated their performance against a set of standard criteria. Although it might be assumed that these women have had more opportunity to become educated about BSE, results showed the ratings of the women's performances were uniformly poor. Less than half reported having formal instruction by a medical professional. This is of particular consequence considering that those women taught by a doctor or nurse performed significantly more BSE steps than did those taught in other ways. Women who were encouraged to do BSE by friends or relatives also performed significantly more steps. Based on the study findings, specific recommendations are made, which can be applied to the improvement of BSE educational programs.
Bilateral lesions of the gustatory thalamus disrupt morphine- but not LiCl-induced intake suppression in rats: evidence against the conditioned taste aversion hypothesis

Rats decrease intake of a saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) when followed by: (1) the administration of an aversive agent such as lithium chloride (referred to as a conditioned taste aversion, CTA); (2) access to a very palatable concentration of sucrose (referred to as an anticipatory contrast effect, ACE); or (3) the administration of a drug of abuse. It is not clear, however, whether the suppressive effects of drugs of abuse are mediated by their aversive or rewarding properties. The present set of experiments addressed this issue by examining the suppressive effects of morphine in rats with a lesion thought to dissociate the two phenomena (i.e., CTA and ACE). The results show that bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the gustatory thalamus eliminate the suppressive effects of morphine, but fail to disrupt the suppressive effects of the aversive agent, lithium chloride. This pattern of results argues against the CTA account in favor of the reward comparison hypothesis. Specifically, the data suggest that rats suppress intake of a saccharin CS in anticipation of the availability of a preferred drug of abuse and that the gustatory thalamus is essential for this type of reward comparison process.
The geoarchaeological record of Holocene sea level change and human occupation of the Texas gulf coast

Geoarchaeological data from the central Texas coast suggest fundamental linkages between patterns of Holocene sea level change, evolution of estuarine environments, and human occupation. Three major periods of human occupation of estuary shorelines are identified, based on a series of calibrated radiocarbon ages from 47 stratigraphically discrete cultural components at 23 sites. These periods are separated by apparent hiatuses in occupation, intervals for which there is no chronometric or stratigraphic evidence of significant shoreline residence or of use of estuarine resources. Periods of occupation approximate times of sea level stillstand suggested by geologic data, while intervening periods correlate with proposed episodes of rapid sea level rise. During stillstand, the emergence of highly photosynthetic bay/lagoon shallows supporting nutrient-rich shoreline vegetation provided the basis for a rich, exploitable aquatic biomass. Rapid sea level change is likely to have adversely affected estuarine productivity through inundation of nutrient-rich shallows and through increases in salinity and water turbidity as protective barrier islands were breached by marine transgression. Geoarcheological study of estuarine environments under changing sea level conditions provides a long-term perspective on ecosystemic change relevant to concerns about the expectable effects of global change on the fragile biotic and economic productivity of shallow-water coastlines. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Product Release Is Rate-Limiting in the Activation of the Prodrug 5-Fluorocytosine by Yeast Cytosine Deaminase †

Yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD), a zinc metalloenzyme, catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil. The enzyme is of great biomedical interest because it also catalyzes the deamination of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) to form the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). yCD/5FC is one of the most widely used enzyme/prodrug combinations for gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for the treatment of cancers. A pH indicator assay has been developed for the measurement of the steady-state kinetic parameters for the deamination reaction. Transient kinetic studies have shown that the product release is a rate-limiting step in the activation of the prodrug 5FC by yCD. The rate constant of the chemical step for the forward reaction (250 s(-)(1)) is approximately 8 times that of the product release (31 s(-)(1)) and approximately 15 times k(cat) (17 s(-)(1)). The transient kinetic results are consistent with those of the steady-state kinetic analysis in the sense that the k(cat) and K(m) values calculated from the rate constants determined by the transient kinetic analysis are in close agreement with those measured by the steady-state kinetic analysis. NMR experiments have demonstrated that free 5FU is in slow exchange with its complex with yCD but has a low affinity for yCD. The transient kinetic and NMR results together suggest that the release of 5FU is rate-limiting in the activation of the prodrug 5FC by yCD and may involve multiple steps.
Personal and Situational Contingencies in the Processing of Convicted Felons

Traditionally, deviance research and theory have focused almost exclusively on the personal attributes of the alleged deviant. This paper questions the appropriateness of such a focus when examining the organizational processing of criminal defendants. It directs attention to situational contingencies that provide the context within which personal attributes and behaviors become meaningful and salient during labeling and sanctioning. Discussion focuses on a strategic but often neglected contingency, conviction method. Empirical analysis reveals that the way in which the defendant was convicted has strong implications for the criteria officials use later to label and sanction the defendant. The implications of these findings for deviance research are then discussed.
Lack of effect of staphylococcal toxins on ciliated protozoa.

SYNOPSIS. Highly purified α and β toxins of staphylococci, reported by others to be lethal for paramecia and entamoebae, proved harmless to Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Risky business: gay identity disclosure in a masculinized industry

Gay former BP chief executive Lord John Browne resigned his position in 2007 after losing a legal battle to keep a tabloid from printing stories that would ‘out’ him, and purport false accusations of professional misconduct involving a former partner. A comprehensive view of the circumstances leading to Browne's resignation provided a basis for the study of how organizations that value masculine standards work to marginalize gay men. Browne arguably chose not to disclose his sexual orientation for fear of a negative career impact. The purpose of this article is to explore the challenges of disclosure for gay male professionals in masculinized industries and to situate the conversation within Human Resource Development (HRD). Our analysis of the archives of Browne's experiences as an involuntarily outed gay executive in a male-dominated career suggest he struggled with issues of fear related to coping with his gay identity. Implications for HRD practice, research and policy are discussed.
Codeine analgesic and morphine hyperalgesic effects on thermal nociception in domestic fowl.

Abstract The effects of codeine phosphate and morphine sulfate (2.5, 15.0, and 30 mg/ml/kg;IM) on latency of a jump response elicited by a noxious (61°C) thermal stimulus were studied in White Leghorn cockerels at 15–16 days posthatch. Codeine induced a significant dose-dependent increase in jump response latency (analgesic effect), whereas morphine at each dose induced a significant decrease in jump response latency (hyperalgesic effect). Naloxone (5 mg/ml/kg) reversed the hyperalgesic effect of morphine (30 mg/ml/kg) and potentiated codeine analgesic effects. It is unlikely that codeine analgesic effects in domestic fowl reflect demethylation of codeine to morphine. These opposite codeine and morphine effects may reflect the interaction of these opiates at different populations of opioid receptors or at different substrates.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Microvascular Dysfunction and Exacerbates Hypercholesterolemia- Induced Responses

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) persistently infects more than 60% of the worldwide population. In immunocompetent hosts, it has been implicated in several diseases, including cardiovascular disease, possibly through the induction of inflammatory pathways. Cardiovascular risk factors promote an inflammatory phenotype in the microvasculature long before clinical disease is evident. This study determined whether CMV also impairs microvascular homeostasis and synergizes with hypercholesterolemia to exaggerate these responses. Intravital microscopy was used to assess endothelium-dependent and -independent arteriolar vasodilation and venular leukocyte and platelet adhesion in mice after injection with either mock inoculum or murine CMV (mCMV). Mice were fed a normal (ND) or high-cholesterol (HC) diet beginning at 5 weeks postinfection (p.i.), or a HC diet for the final 4 weeks of infection. mCMV-ND mice exhibited impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation versus mock-ND at 9 and 12 weeks and endothelium-independent arteriolar dysfunction by 24 weeks. Transient mild leukocyte adhesion occurred in mCMV-ND venules at 7 and 21 weeks p.i. HC alone caused temporary arteriolar dysfunction and venular leukocyte and platelet recruitment, which were exaggerated and prolonged by mCMV infection. The time of introduction of HC after mCMV infection determined whether mCMV+HC led to worse venular inflammation than either factor alone. These findings reveal a proinflammatory influence of persistent mCMV on the microvasculature, and suggest that mCMV infection enhances microvasculature susceptibility to both inflammatory and thrombogenic responses caused by hypercholesterolemia.
Analysis of docetaxel pharmacokinetics in humans with the inclusion of later sampling time-points afforded by the use of a sensitive tandem LCMS assay

Purpose Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane derived from the needles of the European yew (Taxus baccata) and it is an important chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of recurrent ovarian, breast and non-small-cell lung cancers. Traditional dosing regimens with docetaxel involve doses of 60–100 mg/m2 by infusion every 3 weeks. Now weekly low-dose (30–36 mg/m2) regimens are being evaluated in phase I trials. Such low-dose studies require a more sensitive, specific and rapid assay of docetaxel in biological fluids for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters. Because docetaxel is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is highly protein-bound in the plasma, there is potential for drug-drug interactions and high interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics. Therefore, pharmacokinetic studies are an important component to understanding the therapeutic variability of docetaxel-containing chemotherapeutic regimens.
Familial resemblances in flushing following alcohol use

Forty-seven sets of parents and 77 adult offspring from families of Caucasian, Chinese, or Japanese ancestry provided data regarding their use of alcohol and their flushing responses following alcohol consumption. There were no significant sex or generational differences in flushing. In keeping with previous research, race/ethnicity was associated with the flushing response. Flushing appears to be inherited as a genetic dominant.
Hyperadrenalcorticism in a case of acromegaly with insulin-resistant diabetes.

DIABETES mellitus was recognized as a feature of acromegaly in the early descriptions of Marie (1). These original observations have been confirmed by many subsequent observers. In the 100 cases described by Cushing and Davidoff (2), glycosuria was present in 25 per cent and clinical diabetes in an additional 12 per cent. A later study of the same 100 cases and 53 additional cases of acromegaly showed the incidence of glycosuria to be 36 per cent and of clinical diabetes, 17 per cent. Thus, the occurrence of diabetes in acromegaly far exceeds that in the general population. Almost without exception the skeletal manifestations of acromegaly precede the onset of diabetes (average time interval 9.2 years) (3). The severity of the disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism varies. In many acromegalics it is demonstrable solely by an abnormal glucose tolerance curve or by mild intermittent glycosuria. Diabetes in acromegalic patients is often mild and controlled by diet and small doses of insulin, which has sugges...
Kelvin Fronts on the Equatorial Thermocline

Abstract Properties of internal wave fronts or Kelvin fronts travelling eastward in the equatorial waveguide are studied, motivated by recent studies on coastal Kelvin waves and jumps and new data on equatorial Kelvin waves. It has been recognized for some time that nonlinear equatorial Kelvin waves can steepen and break, forming a broken wave of depression, or front, propagating eastward. The three-dimensional structure of the wave field associated with such a front is considered. As for linear Kelvin waves, the front is symmetrical with respect to the equator. Sufficiently far away from the front, the wave profile is Gaussian in the meridional direction, with the equatorial Rossby radius of deformation being its decay scale. Due to nonlinearity, the phase speed of the front is greater than that of linear Kelvin waves, resulting in a supercritical flow. This leads to the resonant generation of equatorially trapped gravity–inertial (or Poincare) waves, analogous in principle to the resonant mechanism for ...
Nuclear Zeeman-dipolar cross relaxation times☆

Abstract The rate at which the magnetization of a nuclear spin system in a strong magnetic field approaches equilibrium, following the sudden application of a nearly resonant radiofrequency field, is in accord with the author's recent theory.
Hospital epidemic of hepatitis.

A small outbreak of viral hepatitis on the Surgical Service of a large hospital has been described. The rapidity of onset, its short duration, its apparent localization, the high attack rate among new house staff members, and the high incidence of prodromal allergic manifestations were outstanding clinical features. The epidemiology of the disease in general, and its application to this outbreak in particular, have been briefly discussed. Several mechanisms of transmission have been proposed.
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Relationship between Formation of Antibodies to Teichoic Acid and Development of Metastatic Abscesses

Of 50 patients with bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus but without clinical evidence of endocarditis, 24 developed antibodies to the cell wall teichoic acid of S. aureus that were demonstrable by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. However, only 16 of the 24 patients developed titers of antibodies high enough for detection by passive gel diffusion. Eleven of the 16 patients developed evidence of complications due to metastatic infection. In contrast, of the 34 patients who were antibody-negative by gel diffusion, only one patient developed evidence of metastatic seeding. Thus, the development of antibodies to teichoic acid at a level detectable by the gel diffusion technique is regularly associated with complicated infections due to S. aureus that require more prolonged therapy, whereas bacteremic patients not developing such an antibody response rarely develop complications and may be treated with a two-week course of therapy.
Automated synthesis of mechanisms using dual-vector algebra

Conceptual design of mechanisms is still a mixture of art of science. Many researchers in the past, starting with Reuleaux in 1876, have attempted to classify, compile, codify basic elements of mechanisms in order to systematize the creative design process. Starting with the intended function and operational constraints, we present a methodology of combining basic building blocks to generate alternate mechanism concepts. This methodology is based on a mathematical framework for carrying out systematic conceptual design of mechanisms using dual-vector algebra. The dual-vector representation enables separation of kinematic function from mechanism topology. Functional requirements are modeled by employing motion codes. Topological requirements are handled using dual-vector representation of stored building blocks and prescribed motion requirements. A parameterized library of building blocks provides needed information to carry out subsequent dimensional synthesis. The methodology presented in this paper is restricted to single-degree of freedom function generation mechanisms and it can be extended to other classes of mechanisms. A design example is presented to illustrate the method.
Spherical-cavity-mode assignments of optical resonances in microdroplets using elastic scattering

We describe a procedure for identifying morphology-dependent resonances observed in various optical processes in micrometer-sized droplets. This capability results from the use of a vibrating-orifice aerosol generator in which the radius a of a droplet stream is repeatedly ramped between fixed values, providing characteristic size spectra. When acquired in conjunction with other optical data (such as fluorescence, lasing, and Raman scattering), fixed-angle elastic scattering provides a fiducial spectrum from which mode positions are assigned and transferred. From Lorenz–Mie theory calculations, spectral spans of ≈0.1a are shown to be sufficient to yield unambiguous mode identification, given an initial experimental uncertainty of ±1.5° in the scattering angle and ±6% in the refractive index.
Shaking Table Modeling of Seismically Induced Deformations in Slopes

Physical model experiments were performed on a 1 g shaking table with the principal goals of: (1) investigating the mechanisms of seismically induced permanent deformations in slopes, and (2) assessing the accuracy and applicability of the Newmark sliding block procedure for estimating seismically induced deformations in slopes. Each of the clayey slope models deformed in response to strong shaking, with the principal mode of deformation being deep rotational/translational sliding displacement. Deformations were principally focused along one or more highly localized shear surfaces, though a significant amount of additional deformation was also distributed over a relatively wide region of the models. The Newmark analyses generally provided moderately accurate, although somewhat unconservative, estimates of deformations. Displacements computed using the rigid sliding block analysis ranged from 27 to 225% of maximum measured displacements, and averaged about 75% of measured displacements for the test series. The Newmark-type analyses were most reliable for those model tests that experienced large deformations, where the sliding resistance was controlled principally by postpeak to residual strengths.
Arsenite, but not cadmium, induces ornithine decarboxylase and heme oxygenase activity in rat liver: relevance to arsenic carcinogenesis

Sodium arsenite and cadmium chloride, were administered orally to adult female rats at 21 and 4 h prior to sacrifice. Liver, lung, skin and urinary bladder were the tissues studied. DNA damage, cytochrome P450, glutathione content (GSH), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), serum alanine aminotransferase and heme oxygenase activity were measured. Sodium arsenite increased rat hepatic ODC activity at 1.6 and 24.6 mg/kg and hepatic heme oxygenase activity at 8.2 and 24.6 mg/kg, but did not cause any DNA damage. Cadmium chloride did not affect any of the six parameters tested. These findings suggest that sodium arsenite may be a promoter rather than an initiator of carcinogenesis.
Relation of obesity to the function of the thyroid gland, especially as indicated by the protein-bound iodine concentration in the plasma.

IN 1916 Means (1) reported that even in patients with marked obesity the basal metabolic rate was usually normal. Since then much evidence has accumulated (2) to indicate that hypothyroidism does not play an important role in the etiology of obesity, but this interrelationship has not been clarified completely. In individuals with myxedema there does not tend to be much adiposity. For example, Boothby and Sandiford (3) found in 81 per cent of 94 obese patients that the basal metabolic rate was within 10 per cent of normal. Strouse, Wang and Dye (4) observed that the basal metabolic rate of normal persons was similar, per square meter of body surface, to those of subjects who were overweight. Grafe (5) found a definite decrease in the basal metabolic rate in only 3 of 180 patients with marked obesity. In most of the obese subjects whom we studied (6) the basal metabolic rate was normal.
Novel high-precision micropipette thermal sensor for materials thermal characterizations

A novel technique for fabricating high-resolution micropipette thermal sensors using inexpensive materials was developed. The technique can be implemented relatively easily in a laboratory setting. The micropipette sensors were constructed by filling a metal inside a glass micropipette and coating a thin film on the outer surface of a glass micropipette by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), so that thermocouple junctions were created at the tips of the micropipettes. The outsides of the pipettes were covered with vaporized Ni (nickel) onto a Sn (tin) based solder layer. The goal is to maintain a consistent Seebeck coefficient relationship after repeated measurements. A crystalline Si (silicon) [111] wafer was selected for testing and its thermal conductivity was found to be 155 W/m°C. This was well fitted to its known value. After confirming its reliability, FLG (a few layer graphene) was characterized for its thermal conductivity by the sensor. The thermal conductivity of the FLG was measured to 1682.52 W/ m°C.
Infrasound Propagation in the “Zone of Silence”

The speed of sound in an ideal gas, under adiabatic conditions, is a function of temperature and is given by: \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[C=\sqrt{{\gamma}RT}\] \end{document} where C is the speed of sound, γ, known as the adiabatic index, is the ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume ( Cp/Cv ), R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. In addition to temperature, which is the dominant factor, infrasound propagation is affected by the local wind velocity. Therefore we can combine the temperature and wind effect in the effective sound speed, written as \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[C_{eff}=C+{\eta}{\cdot}{\upsilon},\] \end{document} where Ceff is the effective sound speed, ν is the wind velocity, and η is a unit vector in a direction of sound propagation. The temperature (and therefore Ceff ) distribution in the atmosphere is controlled by solar radiation. As most of the heat transfer takes place on the ground surface, temperature tends to decrease with altitude. A perturbation of this trend occurs in the stratosphere due to the heating associated with absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer (Figure 1), but above the ozone layer the temperature decreases again with altitude up to around 100 km. Above this height, in the thermosphere, the temperature increases with altitude due to direct ultraviolet radiation heating from the sun. Classic ray theory implies that infrasound energy, generated on the surface of the ground and propagating through the atmosphere, must reach a layer of effective sound speed greater than the velocity of sound at the source in order to return to receivers located on the surface of the Earth. Normally, this happens at heights around 110 km, in the thermosphere, and these rays are usually recorded at distances greater than 250 km from the source. The region up to 250 km from the source where no infrasound …
Digestible Lysine Requirements of Male Turkeys in Their First Six Weeks

Two floor pen trials were conducted using 1200 and 960 Nicholas White toms, respectively, in order to determine the digestible lysine requirements during the first 6 week growth (7 to 18 and the 23 to 37 days) period. Poults were fed a typical corn, soybean meal (SBM) and pork meal based diet until the start of each trial, when they were weighed and sorted into 48 floor pens in a curtain-sided building. Dietary treatments included eight levels of digestible lysine ranging from 1.10 to 1.45% in the first experiment and 1.02 to 1.37% in the second experiment. In each experiment, a positive control was added at the expense of three replicates of the highest lysine level. The lysine deficient basal diet was corn, SBM and pork meal with a crude protein level of 21.7% for the first period and 20.75% for the second period. The positive control was also corn, SBM and pork meal and was formulated on a total AA basis to meet nutrient requirements set by the NRC. All diets were iso-caloric (3100kcal/kg). Lysine-HCL (98.5%) was used for the titrations and glutamic acid was titrated inversely to keep nitrogen levels similar. The experiments were set up a s randomized complete blocks. Birds fed digestible lysine levels of 1.30% and above in the first experiment and 1.19% and above in the second experiment had weight gains that were equal to the positive control (P<. 05). No feed:gain differences were observed between treatments in either experiment. Splined regression analysis determined the requirement for optimum bodyweight gain to be 1.31% digestible lysine for the 7 to 18 day period and 1.19% for the 23 to 37 day period.
Permutation codes, (d,k) codes and magnetic recording

Permutation codes are a class of error correction codes which have been suggested for use on the Gaussian channel. Runlength limited (d,k) codes, a class of modulation codes, are used to decrease intersymbol interference in a peak detection recording channel. The author suggests a method whereby these two classes of codes can be combined to improve the reliability (or density) in a peak detection magnetic recording channel. >
Expression of P30, a protein with adhesive properties, in Schwann cells and neurons of the developing and regenerating peripheral nerve.

P30 is a heparin-binding protein with adhesive and neurite outgrowth-promoting properties present at high levels in the developing rat central nervous system (Rauvala, H., and R. Pihlaskari. 1987 J. Biol. Chem. 262:16625-16635). Partial sequencing of p30 has revealed homology or identity with HMG-1 (Rauvala, H., J. Merenmies, R. Pihlaskari, M. Korkolainen, M.-L. Huhtala, and P. Panula. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:2292-2305), a 28-kD protein that was originally purified from the thymus (Goodwin, G.H., C. Sanders, and E. W. Johns. 1973. Eur. J. Biochem. 38:14-19) which binds DNA in vitro. We have analyzed the distribution of p30 in the developing rat peripheral nervous system (PNS). P30 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis using antibodies raised against intact p30 and against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino terminus of the p30 molecule. P30 was localized to nonnuclear compartments of neurons and peripheral glial cells (Schwann cells). P30 immunoreactivity of PNS neurons persisted into adulthood. In contrast, Schwann cell staining decreased after the second postnatal week and was not detectable in adult animals. Neuron-Schwann cell contact was correlated with diminished p30 levels in Schwann cells. Schwann cells of the normal adult sciatic nerve did not express p30; however, when deprived of axonal contact by nerve transection, the Schwann cells of the distal nerve stained intensely for p30. In addition, when Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons were grown in coculture, Schwann cells that were associated with neurites were not as intensely stained by anti-p30 as Schwann cells that were not in contact with neurons. The pattern of p30 expression during development and regeneration, and its apparent regulation by cell-cell contact suggests that p30 plays a role in the interaction between neurons and Schwann cells during morphogenesis of peripheral nerves.
A Nonlinear Guidance Law for Visual Pursuit of a Cooperative Aerial Target in Wind

A nonlinear guidance law for autonomously tracking a cooperative airborne target with a fixed, forward-looking camera is proposed. The method is called visual pursuit and it is intended for use with a vision sensor, but it is also compatible with inputs from other sensors like GPS. Line-of-sight angles are input into the guidance method that produces roll and flight path angle rate commands for tracking an aerial target and following it in close formation. Visual pursuit is based on the formation of a Lyapunov-based scalar system that is shown to be mathematically stable for a cooperative target. The method is shown to be effective at keeping the target in the camera field of view in strong cross winds by allowing the target position to float laterally within the camera field of view. The amount of movement of the target is governed by an optimization algorithm that keeps the line-of-sight errors within a specified region of the camera field of view. For comparison, a linear pursuit method is also impleme...
Bio-Nano-Informatics: An Integrated Information Management System for Personalized Oncology

The Emory-Georgia Tech Nanotechnology Center for Personalized and Predictive Oncology is one of the eight national centers funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Its overall goal is to combine nanotechnology and biocomputing with clinical oncology for personalized detection, diagnosis and treatment of human cancer. Within this large-scale and multifaceted center, a key challenge is how to integrate and manage data and resources. Here we have developed an "intelligent" information system for data management, interpretation, and for translation of new results to clinical applications.
An instrumented observability coverage method for system validation

In order to improve effectiveness and efficiency of post-silicon validation, we present a fault-symbol tracking method and a coverage metric that account for the limited observability in silicon and thus are useful for guiding validation test selection, test development, and design for debug. The coverage points targeted in this study are a set of fault-symbols, or ‘tags’, generated from each expression in a system model. Coverage is measured in simulation by tracking tags alongside dynamic information flows to user-defined or implicit observation points. Computation of the metric is performed based on high-level (C/C++) functional and behavioral models through compiler-inserted parallel fault-symbol tracking instrumentation, which offers high efficiency as well as compatibility with existing simulation flows. The coverage results from our initial implementation for a microcontroller instruction set simulator are compared with the statement and mutation coverages. The results show that the new coverage metric is more accurate than the statement coverage and can be computed in significantly shorter runtimes than the mutation coverage.
Synthetic metalloporphyrins: a class of compounds of pharmacological interest.

Studies of the regulation of heme oxygenase by synthetic metalloporphyrins reveal that within this group of compounds there exist both inducers and inhibitors of the synthesis of this enzyme or of its catalytic function. The ability of metalloporphyrins to alter heme catabolism is of considerable experimental and clinical interest since such alterations may have consequences for other aspects of heme homeostasis, including its synthesis and its function in the form of cytochrome(s) P-450. Examples of the metabolic effects – and their potential clinical and pharmacological consequences – produced by two synthetic metalloporphyrins, Sn-protoporphyrin and Co-protoporphyrin, are discussed.
Personal Characteristics, Job Performance, and Absenteeism of Public School Teachers1

Personal characteristics and job performance were examined as potential predictors of absenteeism for a professional occupational group. Data on 152 public school teachers demonstrated that sex and independence contributed unique variance to the prediction of absenteeism. Furthermore, the interaction terms of sex with independence, with the ability to control anxiety, and with performance rating significantly added to the variance explained in absenteeism. Implications of the present results are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
Static and dynamic applications of a high- precision triangular plate bending element

A fully conforming plate bending element of arbitrary triangular shape is developed and applied to the solution of several static and dynamic plate problems. The element incorporates 18 generalized coordinates, namely the transverse displacement and its first and second derivatives at each vertex. Example applications presented include static and dynamic analyses of a square plate with edges either simply supported or clamped, statics of an equilateral triangular simply supported plate, and vibrations of cantilevered triangular plates. Rates of convergence of the finite element approximations are investigated both theoretically and numerically. Excellent accuracy is achieved in all cases, and the rates of error convergence agree closely \vith predicted asymptotic values.
A semi empirical model of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber for field emission devices for circuit application

The field emission from carbon thin films, nanotubes and nanofibers has received a great deal of attention because of its potential application in flat panel displays and other nanoelectronic devices. Recently, a concept for maskless digital electrostatically focused e-beam array direct- write lithography (DEAL) using a vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) array has been developed. This concept incorporates a digitally addressable field emission array (DAFEA) integrated into a logic and control circuit realized in standard bulk CMOS process. In order to simulate and predict the system behavior, a compact circuit model for the VACNF field emission devices is required. This paper presents a compact model for the static and the transient electrical behavior of a VACNF field emitter devices.
Maternal Asthma, Preterm Birth, and Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective To study the relationship between maternal asthma and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Study design Using a large population-based California cohort, we investigated associations between maternal asthma and preterm birth subtype, as well as maternal asthma and BPD. We used data from 2007-2010 maternal delivery discharge records of 2 009 511 pregnancies and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Preterm birth was defined as Results Maternal asthma was associated with increased odds (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.38-1.46) of preterm birth at Conclusion Asthma in mothers who did not receive antenatal steroid treatment is associated with an increased risk of BPD in their preterm infants.
Semidefinite programming for ad hoc wireless sensor network localization

We describe an SDP relaxation based method for the position estimation problem in wireless sensor networks. The optimization problem is set up so as to minimize the error in sensor positions to fit distance measures. Observable gauges are developed to check the quality of the point estimation of sensors or to detect erroneous sensors. The performance of this technique is highly satisfactory compared to other techniques. Very few anchor nodes are required to accurately estimate the position of all the unknown nodes in a network. Also the estimation errors are minimal even when the anchor nodes are not suitably placed within the network or the distance measurements are noisy.
Suicide and Drug Abuse in the Medical Community

In the United States each year the equivalent of an average-size medical school graduating class commits suicide, with the highest incidence occurring in the decade following the completion of training. Of these suicides, 20% to 30% are associated with drug abuse and 40% with alcoholism. Various problem areas are considered. Role strain, leading to excessive drug use in an attempt to increase work efficiency, is coupled with a denial of the physician's own dependency needs and gratification. The problem of identity occurs in relation to the exaggerated sense of duty and obligation the physician feels in attending to the demands of the patients and their families. Medicine as magical thinking is also discussed, revealing the physician's belief in his own immunity, which is strenuously tested when he actually sets up in practice. The community's high regard for the physician further complicates the situation. Too little has been done about working with emotional problems of medical students during their training and after they begin to practice. Unfortunately, physicians feel uncomfortable in turning to colleagues for help; rather, they tend to isolate themselves, resorting to alcohol and drugs. One should question the selection of medical students and their overall training, not only in terms of academic learning but also with more consideration for the stresses and strains of the future career.
A multi-spectral image database and its application to image rendering across illumination

We present a database of full spatial and spectral resolution images of everyday objects captured with a novel multi-spectral device: the applied spectral imaging Spectracube camera. We summarise the operation of the device and present a study of its spectral accuracy before demonstrating the usefulness of the data set by using it to evaluate different white point correction transforms: transforms which map RGBs under one illuminant to a corresponding set of RGBs under a different light. We find that while the best transforms can often give results close to the results obtained using spectral techniques, the results are both image and illuminant dependent and in a number of cases all transforms tested introduce significant errors.
When Blue Turns Gray: Postwarranty Performance

Objective The objective of this study was to review the lifestyle and expectations of a group of 86- to 87-year-old Yale College graduates at the time of their 65th reunion and to compare the results with equivalent data from the general public. Methods A five-page questionnaire was sent to the 263 living survivors of the Yale College class of 1939 at the time of their 65th reunion. Results One hundred fifty-one replies were received, some only partially completed. Median survival was 79 years. Among the more interesting results was a wide discrepancy (optimism) between the perceived quality of life and that which one would anticipate from the many physical disabilities of the study group. Conclusion This is by nature a self-selected group of male octogenarians, but their lifestyle and medical disabilities fit with the general population; their attitude toward being elderly is remarkably positive, and their personal and civic performance continues beyond expectations.