cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a Logarithmic Domain 2-D Convolver for Low Power Video Processing Applications

In this paper, a design and implementation of an efficient, low power log-based 2-D convolution unit (convolver) for video processing applications is proposed. The design of the proposed convolver utilizes approximation method with error correction technique to transform data to logarithmic domain for reduced power consumption. A novel design and implementation of a modular approach for leading bit detection module that is used to compute the binary logarithm is presented. A partitioning and gating technique is also presented to reduce the switching activities based on detection of insignificant data bits. It is observed that the proposed logarithmic-domain multiplier reduces power consumption in two common image filtering operations by more than 50% compared to conventional linear-domain 2D convolvers.
Dynamic interpretations in translucent patches: representation-based applications

Our goal is to empower individuals involved in design activities using the written medium, by amending it carefully with computational facilities. To preserve the fluidity and swiftness of design activities, we let users dynamically associate marks on the display surface with interpretations that provide interesting operations to the user.Inherent to typical computer applications is a very static relationship between internal data structures and presentation. In contrast, applications in our system (we call them interpretations), have to be able to deal with a much more dynamic relationship between those areas.This paper motivates this idea, presents challenges faced by such an approach, explains a framework for designing and implementing such interpretations, and illustrates how exemplary interpretations make use of this framework.
Periparturient and Postpartum Endocrine Changes of Conceptus and Maternal Units in Jersey Cows Bred for Milk Yield

Abstract Control cows, sired and bred by bulls of zero estimated breeding value, and selected cows, sired by and bred to bulls of high predicted differences for milk yield, were used to evaluate maternal endocrine changes from 14 days prepartum to 28 days postpartum. Examined were concentrations in plasma of 13, 14 dihydro-15 keto-prostaglandin F 2 α, progesterone, estrone sulfate, estrone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. Ability of cows to release prolactin and luteinizing hormone on day 10 postpartum was evaluated after a simultaneous injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (100 μ g) and gonadtropin releasing hormone (100 μ g). Changes in progesterone and estrogens prepartum lead to peak concentrations of prolactin and prostaglandin at parturition and 3 days postpartum, respectively. Higher basal concentrations of prolactin for control cows prepartum were associated with a higher prolactin release by thyrotropin releasing hormone at 10 days postpartum. Although release of luteinizing hormone in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone did not differ between groups on day 10 postpartum, a subsequent increase in progesterone to above 1ng/ml was earlier and more precisely synchronized among control cows (16±.43 versus 23±2.33 days). Within cow concentrations of F 2 α13, 14 dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin-F 2 α were correlated with size of previous gravid uterine horn (.67) and milk yield (−.39). Selection for milk yield influenced postpartum endocrine function.
ATP dependence of the ICl,swell channel varies with rate of cell swelling. Evidence for two modes of channel activation.

Swelling-induced activation of the outwardly rectifying anion current, ICl, swell, is modulated by intracellular ATP. The mechanisms by which ATP controls channel activation, however, are unknown. Whole cell patch clamp was employed to begin addressing this issue. Endogenous ATP production was inhibited by dialyzing N1E115 neuroblastoma cells for 4–5 min with solutions containing (μM): 40 oligomycin, 5 iodoacetate, and 20 rotenone. The effect of ATP on current activation was observed in the absence of intracellular Mg2+, in cells exposed to extracellular metabolic inhibitors for 25–35 min followed by intracellular dialysis with oligomycin, iodoacetate, and rotenone, after substitution of ATP with the nonhydrolyzable analogue AMP-PNP, and in the presence of AMP-PNP and alkaline phosphatase to dephosphorylate intracellular proteins. These results demonstrate that the ATP dependence of the channel requires ATP binding rather than hydrolysis and/or phosphorylation reactions. When cells were swollen at 15–55%/min in the absence of intracellular ATP, current activation was slow (0.3–0.8 pA/pF per min). ATP concentration increased the rate of current activation up to maximal values of 4–6 pA/pF per min, but had no effect on the sensitivity of the channel to cell swelling. Rate of current activation was a saturable, hyperbolic function of ATP concentration. The EC50 for ATP varied inversely with the rate of cell swelling. Activation of current was rapid (4–6 pA/pF per min) in the absence of ATP when cells were swollen at rates ≥65%/min. Intracellular ATP concentration had no effect on current activation induced by high rates of swelling. Current activation was transient when endogenous ATP was dialyzed out of the cytoplasm of cells swollen at 15%/min. Rundown of the current was reversed by increasing the rate of swelling to 65%/min. These results indicate that the channel and/or associated regulatory proteins are capable of sensing the rate of cell volume increase. We suggest that channel activation occurs via ATP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Increasing the rate of cell swelling appears to increase the proportion of channels activating via the ATP-independent pathway. These findings have important physiological implications for understanding ICl, swell regulation, the mechanisms by which cells sense volume changes, and volume homeostasis under conditions where cell metabolism is compromised.
TRENDS IN MAINE SOFTSHELL CLAM LANDINGS

Abstract The soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria (L. 1758), has the highest landed value of Maine bivalves. Landings have been variable over the last century with current landings one third of their historical highs caused by low harvests in Eastern Maine. Diminished clam populations have been subjected to constant fishing pressure and heavy predation by green crabs apparently unchecked by winterkill. Clam stocks previously closed to harvesting because of pollution are now dug. Reduced breeding populations are tasked to produce a sufficient set to overcome offshore dispersal of larvae to repopulate flats on the coast of Maine. On-bottom and off-bottom sampling found few clam larvae in Eastern Maine. Recovery of the fishery will require reestablishment of breeding stocks.
Nutritional-assistance programs play a critical role in reducing food insecurity.

The recent report by Melchior et al1 on food insecurity raised concerns about the effectiveness of nutritional-assistance programs and highlighted the role played by maternal mental health and domestic violence. Evidence from Children's HealthWatch (www.childrenshealthwatch.org) provides additional information on the link between nutritional-assistance programs and children's health and well-being. …
The Commodification of Time in Two Art Worlds

This article examines how people successfully claim expert status in the art worlds of tattooing and opera by commodifying the time they have spent becoming experts in those art worlds. Temporal commodification happens along five dimensions: educational time, autodidactic time, consumption time, contiguous consumption time, and painful time. In essence, aesthetically-oriented individuals can successfully claim expert status in a given art world when they can convince others that they have learned about a particular kind of art, that they have learned from a legitimate source, that they have spent sufficient time consuming this art, that they have spent this time in contiguous chunks, and that they appreciate the pain (both physical and affective) that often accompanies such consumption.
Rectifier Circuit ror Measurement of Small Power-Angle Oscillations

KNOWLEDGE of transient oscillations of synchronous machines is of considerable importance because of the application of such information to studies on system load changes which may lead to loss of synchronism, to voltage fluctuations, or to hunting. Although in many instances very large angular swings must be taken into account, for many investigations only relatively small angular swings are considered. In this latter class are problems of determining the effects of saturation on load angle, angular variations with attendant current pulsations for variable torque loads, and the prediction of stability under large load changes as determined from studies of loads causing small displacements.
Beyond an Easy Sense A Diffractive Analysis

In this article, I use Karen Barad’s concept of diffraction as a methodological practice of reading “insights through one another” in response to the editors’ call for examples of analysis after coding in qualitative inquiry. A diffractive reading of data through multiple theoretical insights moves qualitative analysis away from habitual normative readings toward a diffractive reading that spreads thought in unpredictable patterns producing different knowledge. In response to the editors’ pedagogical approach for the issue, the article focuses on an example from previously collected interview data and how a diffractive analysis produces questions and knowledge that are only possible in analysis after coding in qualitative inquiry.
Within-group aggression and the value of group members: theory and a field test with social wasps

We present a simple, general model of how the optimal level of intra-group aggression should vary in different social contexts. A key component of this model is the value of the recipient of aggression to a potential aggressor (i.e., the ratio of expected long-term group productivity with the recipient present to the expected group productivity with the recipient absent). The recipient's value measures its contribution to group reproductive success. "We demonstrate theoretically that if aggression increases the aggressor's share of the group's expected total reproductive output, but at the same time decreases the magnitude of this overall reproductive output, then the optimal level of aggression toward a recipient will decrease with increasing recipient's value. This proof establishes a rigorous theoretical connection between the level of aggression within a group and the benefits of belonging to such a group and can be tested by experimentally manipulating the values of group members to each other. We test, and thus illustrate the utility of, this model by examining aggression within experimentally-manipulated foundress associations of social wasps. We show that the value of co-foundresse s to each other in the social wasp Poiistes fuscatus lies in their ability to provide insurance against colony failure caused by die loss of all tending foundresses. Removals of worker-destined eggs and pupae, which increase the value of co-foundresse s, both lead to significant reductions in aggression by the dominant foundress, despite die fact that the immediate, selfish benefits of competitive aggression should increase when empty brood cells are present Removal of reproductive-destined eggs, which does not affect co-foundress value, but increases the benefits of selfish aggression, causes a significant increase in aggression by beta foundresses. Finally, wing reduction of subordinate co-foundresses significantly increases aggression by dominant foundresses, as expected since the subordinate's value is reduced. Our results indicate that foundress aggression is sensitive to the value of future cooperation, as predicted by die optimal aggression model. The model may apply widely to both invertebrate and vertebrate societies. Kty words: aggression, animal societies, conflict, cooperation, eusodality, punishment, social contracts, social wasps, Potistts. [Bthav Ecol 8:75-82 (1997)]
Gaffers, Gofers, and Grips: Role-Based Coordination in Temporary Organizations

Temporary organizations are known to provide flexibility for industries that rely on them, but we know little about their implications for how work is accomplished and coordinated. In this paper, I propose that common portrayals of temporary organizations as ephemeral and unstable are inaccurate: Temporary organizations are in fact organized around structured role systems whose nuances are negotiated in situ. This paper analyzes one type of temporary organization, film projects, exploring the way in which roles both organize immediate work and maintain continuity across different projects. On each film set, role expectations are communicated through practices of enthusiastic thanking, polite admonishing, and role-oriented joking, which enable crew members to learn and negotiate role structures. Two important structural characteristics of film projects provide the organizational context within which coordination takes place: interorganizational career progression and projects as temporary total institutions. By showing how these structural elements and role enactments support one another, this work generates a more complete understanding of the conditions that affect coordination, including role duration, expectations of future interaction, and visibility of work.
Emerging Issues in Environmental and Occupational Lung Diseases

Humans continue to introduce new or greatly modified agents and techniques into the workplace and environment. These new agents and altered practices lead to evolving patterns of established diseases as well as entirely novel conditions never experienced before in medical history. Although many of these emerging conditions appear in the literature as case reports or case series, these sentinel cases frequently raise the public awareness that drives social movements or, in some situations, represent a warning sign for subsequent outbreaks. The emerging environmental and occupational lung diseases (EOLD) may be grouped arbitrarily into two categories: (1) conditions caused by novel utilization or routes of exposure to agents known to cause EOLD and (2) conditions caused by novel agents not known to cause specific EOLD in the past. Conditions in the first category may include those caused by new exposure scenarios in nonindustrial settings and thus a large population may be at risk. The second category includes new risk factor(s) that were not known to be associated with a specific EOLD, and thus the association between the agent and the new condition could be easily missed. Clinicians should remain astute and vigilant when evaluating the potential role of environmental risk factors in any lung diseases and especially pay attention to the identification of clusters of cases of disease of unknown etiology.
Pharmacologic Characterization of Reserpine Responses in Rats Pre-Treated with Iproniazid.∗

SummaryIn anesthetized rats pretreated with iproniazid, injected reserpine elicits a marked pressor response which from observations on effects of phenoxybenzamine, chlorpromazine and LSD seems primarily attributable to release of adrenergic amines, presumably norepinephrine. Experiments in conscious rats indicate that their response to reserpine is adrenergic. The data support conclusions reached by others in other species but do not support the view that serotonin plays a large role.
LOW HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND INCIDENT CORONARY HEART DISEASE AMONG BLACKS IN THE REASONS FOR GEOGRAPHIC AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN STROKE (REGARDS) STUDY

Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) among whites; however, whites with low HDL-C commonly have other lipid abnormalities. We examined the association of low HDL-C with incident CHD among whites with low levels of low-density
Does Hearing About Cancer Influence Stimulus Control? An Exploratory Study of Verbal Modulation of Stimulus Generalization

Participants first became familiar with an image showing moderate symptoms of the skin cancer melanoma. In a generalization test, they indicated whether images showing more and less pronounced symptoms were "like the original." Some groups (cancer context) were told that the images depicted melanoma and that the disease is deadly unless detected early. Control groups were not told what the images depicted. For control groups, generalization gradients were fairly typical of what is normally reported in the generalization literature, but for cancer context groups, gradients were shifted such that highly symptomatic moles were identified as "like the original" more than normal and subtly symptomatic ones were endorsed less than normal. These results may have implications for melanoma education efforts and, more generally, illustrate the possible importance of studying interactions between verbal behavior and primary stimulus control.
Path Planning of Six Multi-joints Robots for Line Welding

The most using methods of path planning are joint space coordinate method and cartesian space coordinate method.On the basis of these two methods,this article gives a path planning method called Lagrange interpolation method and makes some computer simulation.The result of computer simulation shows that Lagrange interpolation method is effective.
Postoperative Application of Ulinastatin in Infants with Critical Congenital Heart Disease

Objective To explore the regulating effect of ulinastatin on postoperative inflammatory response in infants with critical congenital heart disease.Methods Thirty infants with critical congenital heart disease(younger than or equal to 6 months) who underwent surgical repair of congenital heart disease were randomly divided into test group and control group,with 15 infants in each group.Control group was given regular postoperative treatment.On this basis,test group received intravenous infusion of ulinastatin(5 000 U·kg-1 in 10 mL of 5% glucose solution,1 infusion per 8 hours) for 3 days.The sex,age,body weight,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time,and aortic cross-clamp time were compared between test group and control group.The levels of plasma interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ) were measured at postoperative hour 1(T1),6(T2),24(T3),48(T4) and 72(T5).Results There were no significant differences in the sex,age,body weight,aortic cross-clamp time and CPB time between the two groups(all P0.05).Compared with control group,the decrease in postoperative concentrations of plasma cTnⅠ,IL-6 and TNF-α was earlier and more obvious in test group,and the most significant decrease was observed at T5(P0.05).In contrast,the decrease in plasma IL-10 levels was slower in test group,and plasma IL-10 levels in test group were obviousy higher than those in control group at T5(P0.05).One case died due to respiratory failure after operation in control group.All 15 infants in test group and other 14 infants in control group had no serious complications such as heart failure or respiratory failure during 3 months of follow-up.Conclusion Ulinastatin can postoperatively suppress the production of inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α,and reduce myocardial injury in infants with critical congenital heart disease.
Reconstituting the Utopian Vision of Making: HCI After Technosolutionism

HCI research has both endorsed "making" for its innovation and democratization capacity and critiqued its underlying technosolutionism, i.e., the idea that technology provides solutions to complex social problems. This paper offers a reflexive-interventionist approach that simultaneously takes seriously the critiques of making's claims as technosolutionist while also embracing its utopian project as worth reconstituting in broader sociopolitical terms. It applies anthropological theory of the global and feminist-utopianism to the analysis of findings from research on making cultures in Taiwan and China. More specifically, the paper provides ethnographic snippets of utopian glimmers in order to speculatively imagine and explore alternative futures of making worth pursuing, and in so doing re-constitute the utopian vision of making.
Notes on the systematic placement of Sciacharis (Anthicimimus) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

The entangled history of Sciacharis Broun, 1983, a genus in which nearly 240 species were placed by Herbert Franz who has apparently never studied its type species, was recently summarized by Jaloszynski (2014a, b). A synonymy of Chatchamaenus Franz with Sciacharis s. str. was demonstrated, and Maorinus Franz, 1980 was placed as a subgenus of Sciacharis (Jaloszynski 2014a). Still, the systematics of Sciacharis , a genus currently comprising nearly 300 species and distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, is far from clarity.
Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity Are Substrate-Dependent.

Enzymes operate in a densely packed cellular environment that rarely matches the dilute conditions under which they are studied. To better understand the ramifications of this crowding, the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) were monitored spectrophotometrically in the presence of high concentrations of dextran. Crowding decreased the maximal rate of the reaction by 40% for assays with ethanol, the primary substrate of YADH. This observation was attributed to slowed release of the reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide product, which is rate-limiting. In contrast, when larger alcohols were used as the YADH substrate, the rate-limiting step becomes hydride transfer and crowding instead increased the maximal rate of the reaction by 20–40%. This work reveals the importance of considering enzyme mechanism when evaluating the ways in which crowding can alter kinetics.
A simple model for estimating fourier amplitude spectra of horizontal ground acceleration

abstract A simple model for estimating Fourier amplitude spectra ( FS ) is calibrated using the horizontal components of 70 strong-motion records from California, chosen so that the results are not biased by the effects of one earthquake nor by the effects of a single site. An exponential dependence of FS on magnitude M , a geometric dependence of FS on source-to-site distance R , and a soil amplification term Y s are included in the model, using the form F S ( T ) = exp ⁡ ( b 1 + b 2 M + b 4 Y s ) R b 3 where the coefficients b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , and b 4 are determined for each period T of interest. The trends indicate that: (1) larger magnitudes imply relatively more energy content at long periods; (2) source-to-site distance has an important effect on spectral shape, because high frequency spectral amplitudes attenuate faster with distance than do long-period spectral amplitudes; and (3) alluviumsite conditions amplify long-period (>1 sec) amplitudes over those recorded at rock sites by a factor of about 1.6, but decrease short-period (≃0.1 sec) amplitudes. Values of FS calculated from strong-motion records are lognormally distributed about the values predicted from this model. The accuracy of the model, as measured by the dispersion in observed values, is as good as the accuracy implied by the model proposed by Trifunac (1976). Moreover, the model used here reflects a realistic change in frequency content with distance, which the Trifunac model does not; hence, extrapolation of this model to estimate spectral amplitudes for large magnitudes at close distances is more reliable than is extrapolation of the Trifunac model. The model estimates approximately the horizontal spectral amplitudes of the records obtained at Pacoima Dam in 1971 and El Centro in 1940, although these records were not used in the calibration procedure and hence the estimation of their spectral amplitudes constitutes an independent prediction. Investigation of possible nonlinear dependence of In FS on M , using a form similar to that proposed by Trifunac F S ( T ) = exp ⁡ ( b 1 + b 2 M + b 5 M 2 + b 4 Y s ) R b 3 reveals that the M 2 term does not appreciably improve the accuracy of the model, nor does it greatly change values of predicted spectra for the magnitude range of available data (5 to 7.7). Significance of the M 2 term depends solely on records obtained during the 1952 Kern County earthquake; thus, use of models of this type, calibrated with available California strong-motion records, implies the assumption that the Kern County records are typical of a magnitude 7.7 shock.
Does Paying Politicians More Promote Economic Diversity in Legislatures

If politicians in the United States were paid better, would more middle- and working-class people become politicians? Reformers often argue that the low salaries paid in state and local governments make holding office economically infeasible for lower-income citizens and contribute to the enduring numerical under-representation of the working class in our political institutions. Of course, raising politicians’ salaries could also make political office more attractive to affluent professionals, increasing competition for office and ultimately discouraging lower-income citizens from running and winning. In this article, we test these hypotheses using data on the salaries and economic backgrounds of state legislators. Contrary to the notion that paying politicians more promotes economic diversity, we find that the descriptive representation of the working class is the same or worse in states that pay legislators higher salaries. These findings have important implications for research on descriptive representation, political compensation, and political inequality.
Autism spectrum disorder in the scope of tactile processing

Sensory processing abnormalities are among the most common behavioral phenotypes seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), typically characterized by either over- or under-responsiveness to stimulation. In this review, we focus on tactile processing dysfunction in ASD. We firstly review clinical studies wherein sensitivity to tactile stimuli has traditionally been assessed by self-, parent- and experimenter-reports. We also discuss recent investigations using psychophysical paradigms that gauge individual tactile thresholds. These more experimentally rigorous studies allow for more objective assessments of tactile abnormalities in ASD. However, little is understood about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these abnormalities, or the link between tactile abnormalities and ASD symptoms. Neurobiological research that has been conducted has pointed toward dysfunction in the excitation/inhibition balance of the central nervous system of those with ASD. This review covers recent efforts that have investigated tactile dysfunction in ASD from clinical and behavioral perspectives, and some of the efforts to link these to neurobiology. On the whole, findings are inconsistent, which can be ascribed to the subjectivity of clinical assessments, the heterogeneity of ASD cohorts, and the diversity of tactile sensitivity measures. Future endeavors into understanding tactile processing differences in ASD will greatly benefit from controlled experiments driven by neurobiological hypotheses.
Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake

Proper brain function requires a substantial energy supply, up to 20% of whole-body energy in humans, and brain activation produces large dynamic variations in energy demand. While local increases in cerebral blood flow are well known, the cellular responses to energy demand are controversial. During brain excitation, glycolysis of glucose to lactate temporarily exceeds the rate of mitochondrial fuel oxidation; although the increased energy demand occurs mainly within neurons, some have suggested this glycolysis occurs mainly in astrocytes, which then shuttle lactate to neurons as their primary fuel. Using metabolic biosensors in acute hippocampal slices and brains of awake mice, we find that neuronal metabolic responses to stimulation do not depend on astrocytic stimulation by glutamate release, nor do they require neuronal uptake of lactate; instead they reflect increased direct glucose consumption by neurons. Neuronal glycolysis temporarily outstrips oxidative metabolism, and provides a rapid response to increased energy demand.
Neonatal model of heterotopic heart transplantation in pigs.

To investigate the long-term success of heart transplantation in newborn infants who have complex congenital heart disease, we have developed a model of heterotopic heart transplantation in immature pigs. We chose the heterotopic technique because it is simple, does not require cardiopulmonary bypass or heparin, allows for significant size disparity between the recipient and donor hearts, and allows for experimental comparisons between the two hearts. Small newborn piglet hearts are harvested, prepared, and then transplanted into the left chest of larger weanling pigs to augment or substitute for the native left ventricle. Preliminary data from transplants into 49 pigs suggest that the technique is technically possible, the pigs can be immunosuppressed over the long term, and the donor heart can contribute bemodynamically. Experimentally, the model is well designed for the investigation of issues critical for the long-term success of heart transplantation in infants and children, including growth and development, optimal long-term immunosuppression, differences in immunotolerance, and the study of coronary obliterative disease. Clinically, the model has potential applicability in congenital heart anomalies if one native functioning atrium and ventricle are present.
Identification of Genetic Interaction with Risk Factors Using a Time-To-Event Model.

Background: Certain diseases can occur with and without a trigger. We use Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) as our example to identify genetic interaction with pregnancy in women with VTE during pre- or postpartum. Pregnancy is one of the major risk factors for VTE as it accounts for 10% of maternal deaths. Methods: We performed a whole genome association analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazard (CoxPH) model adjusted for covariates to identify genetic variants associated with the time-to-event of VTE related to pre- or postpartum during the childbearing age of 18–45 years using a case-only design in a cohort of women with VTE. Women with a VTE event after 45 years of age were censored and contributed only follow-up time. Results: We identified two intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at genome-wide significance in the PURB gene located on chromosome 7, and two additional intragenic SNPs, one in the LINGO2 gene on chromosome 9 and one in RDXP2 on chromosome X. Conclusions: We showed that the time-to-event model is a useful approach for identifying potential hazard-modification of the genetic variants when the event of interest (VTE) occurs due to a risk factor (pre- or post-partum).
Fundamental limits of disk flexure resonators

High performance PZT-on-silicon disk flexure resonators were recently demonstrated with peak |S 21 | of −1 dB with direct 50 Ω termination, high bandwidth tunability, and high coupling at 22 MHz. This paper explores the performance limits and design optimization of this new resonator in the space of radius and silicon thickness of the (1,1) disk flexure mode. This effort is enabled by the Rapid Analytical/FEA Technique, a novel method for expedited acoustic resonator simulation. Simulations indicate that monolithic integration of disk resonators with −0.5 dB max|S 21 | may be achieved across a wide range of HF and low-VHF frequencies without the need for external impedance matching.
Repurposing of archived CO1 sequence data reveals unusually high genetic structure between North American and European zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha).

The invasion of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha in the Great Lakes of North America is regarded as one of the most catastrophic ecological events in recent history. Previous studies showed a...
Degradation Modeling and Prediction of Ink Fading and Diffusion of Printed Images

A great number of images are produced by color printers. Many factors lead to the degradation of printed images and its accurate prediction modeling is of a great interest. Previous research that addresses image degradation usually measures ink density or color of the prints. In this paper, we predict image degradation by the area coverage of inks. We propose a multilayered degradation transition diagram based on the halftone printing technique used by modern color printers and develop an ink fading model based on differential equations that describe the transition diagram. In addition, a vector autoregression ink diffusion model is developed by discretizing two-dimensional diffusion equation using finite difference method. The two models are integrated into a mixture degradation model to predict the area coverage change of printed images over time. We provide the parameter estimation method of the mixture degradation model. Numerical examples and a real-world case study are given to illustrate the proposed approach.
99MTC-DURAMYCIN IMAGING DETECTS DOXORUBICIN CARDIAC INJURY BEFORE ONSET OF VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION

Background: Although the remission rate of cancer has increased, early and late cardiotoxicity due to chemotherapy remains a problem. Early detection of cardiotoxicity should allow preservation of normal ventricular function. The novel strategies of early detection have included genotypic (miRNA
Extreme States and Extreme Conditions: On Homelessness and the Ontico-ontological Difference:

This article briefly examines the intersections between extreme psychological states and extreme structural conditions of the world. Drawing on the work of Martin Heidegger and Louis Sass, I argue ...
The Women's Movement Challenges the Church

Because woman has for centuries been “made over” by man in order to satisfy his own expectations, women in the 1970s are confronted with the task of finding out which of their attitudes are really ...
Toll-like receptor 4 agonists as vaccine adjuvants

Publisher Summary Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, has long been known as a powerful immunomodulator. Despite its well-known ability to enhance immune responses, LPS is considered too toxic by current standards to be clinically useful because of the induction of excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines which provoke a sepsis-like syndrome. Finally, it is likely that Toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists and antagonists may enter clinical trials in the next few years as standalone immunomodulators. Intranasal administration of TLR4 agonists may protect the airways against natural infection by viruses for which there are no effective vaccines or antiviral drugs. The transient protection afforded by weekly or biweekly doses of an immunomodulatory nasal spray might prove beneficial for emerging viral infections. The broad protective ability of TLR4 agonists relative to viral and bacterial challenges make them especially well-suited for complex, multifactorial diseases in which exacerbations are most often triggered by upper respiratory viral infection. Indeed, within the immunological epiphany created by the discovery of the TLRs and their respective ligands, a new generation of designer adjuvants, therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines, and immunomodulatory therapies may be close at hand.
Use of ambulatory physician group clinical information by hospital-based users within an integrated delivery network.

At Intermountain Healthcare, as part of a broad info rmation system transition plan, a proposal was made to replace the integrated ambulatory EHR, used by 550 physicians, with a new stand alone EHR . The notion leading to the proposal was that ambulatory data was infrequently accessed outside of the ambulato ry setting. To test this notion , retrospective analysis was done to determine the number of ambulatory patient events accessed by hospital based users. 399 Departments from the Hospital -based group accessed 1, 984, 785 patient event s that originated from within the ambulatory group in a 90 day period. This study showed that a significant number of ambulatory patient records were viewed by a wid e range of hospital -based users. The decision to replace the legacy ambulatory system with a new, sta nd alone system was postponed. This analysis was critical in planning the road map for a new integrated clinical information system.
Exploring the central role of student authority relations in collaborative mathematics

How students build mathematics knowledge together in classrooms is of central concern in research focused on the role of language in learning and doing mathematics. This paper explores how students compose mathematics knowledge together in relation to the social construction of influence. Drawing on the influence framework (Engle et al. in J Learn Sci 23(2):245–268, 2014), core interactional components are made salient: gaining access to the conversational floor and interactional space, being perceived as intellectually meritorious, and being positioned with social and intellectual authority. Of these, being positioned with social and intellectual authority is argued to be most important. This paper highlights both the centrality of authority and its discursive nature and connects these ideas to collaborative mathematics activity. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical generativity of focusing on the functions of language in mathematics classrooms, in addition to its forms, to better articulate discursive mechanisms at play during collaborative mathematics learning activities.
Fundamentals of Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry: Sustainable Science, Fourth Edition

Fundamentals of Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry: Sustainable Science, Fourth Edition covers university-level environmental chemistry, with toxicological chemistry integrated throughout the book. This new edition of a bestseller provides an updated text with an increased emphasis on sustainability and green chemistry. It is organized based
Evaluating and extending SCALERS: Implications for social entrepreneurs

An effective scaling strategy can enable social entrepreneurs to significantly increase their organizations’ impact. Bloom and Chatterji’s SCALERS framework identifies seven capabilities social ven...
Diversifying philosophy: The art of non-domination*

AbstractUsing the example of cross-cultural philosophy’s relation to disciplinary philosophy, this article seeks to think through some of the issues relevant to diversifying philosophy as an academ...
Development of underwater beacon for Arctic through-ice communication via satellite

Abstract The Arctic presents challenging circumstances that include ice floes, extreme temperatures, rough seas, geographically remote regions, and multiple international stakeholders. This paper describes the design and testing of an automatic tracking system for use in these extreme environments during an oil spill response and recovery effort. An underwater identification (UWID) tag is deployed under the ice at the site of the trapped oil which contains a pseudosonar beacon projecting upwards at a critical angle to the ice in order to preferentially generate Lamb waves in the ice that radiate outwards from the UWID location. A top-surface geo-location Lamb-wave Detector Geo-Referencing Identification GPS/satellite transponder (LD-GRIDSAT) tag is delivered by hand, or by aerial drop so that it spikes into the ice. The LD-GRIDSAT tag includes an onboard Lamb wave detector that geo-locates any nearby UWID tags placed under the ice to mark the oil location. Three to five LD-GRIDSAT tags placed around a complex spill will be able to identify and triangulate a number of UWID tags, and continue to track them as the ice floe moves. We discuss the systematic acoustic simulations used to optimize the internal design of the UWID, as well as the signal processing techniques used to identify the arrival times of the Lamb wave signals during proof-of-concept testing in the Arctic.
Dirty Data, Bad Predictions: How Civil Rights Violations Impact Police Data, Predictive Policing Systems, and Justice

Law enforcement agencies are increasingly using predictive policing systems to forecast criminal activity and allocate police resources. Yet in numerous jurisdictions, these systems are built on data produced during documented periods of flawed, racially biased, and sometimes unlawful practices and policies (“dirty policing”). These policing practices and policies shape the environment and the methodology by which data is created, which raises the risk of creating inaccurate, skewed, or systemically biased data (“dirty data”). If predictive policing systems are informed by such data, they cannot escape the legacies of the unlawful or biased policing practices that they are built on. Nor do current claims by predictive policing vendors provide sufficient assurances that their systems adequately mitigate or segregate this data. In our research, we analyze thirteen jurisdictions that have used or developed predictive policing tools while under government commission investigations or federal court monitored settlements, consent decrees, or memoranda of agreement stemming from corrupt, racially biased, or otherwise illegal policing practices. In particular, we examine the link between unlawful and biased police practices and the data available to train or implement these systems. We highlight three case studies: (1) Chicago, an example of where dirty data was ingested directly into the city’s predictive system; (2) New Orleans, an example where the extensive evidence of dirty policing practices and recent litigation suggests an extremely high risk that dirty data was or could be used in predictive policing; and (3) Maricopa County, where despite extensive evidence of dirty policing practices, a lack of public transparency about the details of various predictive policing systems restricts a proper assessment of the risks. The implications of these findings have widespread ramifications for predictive policing writ large. Deploying predictive policing systems in jurisdictions with extensive histories of unlawful police practices presents elevated risks that dirty data will lead to flawed or unlawful predictions, which in turn risk perpetuating additional harm via feedback loops throughout the criminal justice system. The use of predictive policing must be treated with high levels of caution and mechanisms for the public to know, assess, and reject such systems are imperative.
Using a Multitouch Book to Enhance the Student Experience in Organic Chemistry.

In recent years, researchers have worked diligently to identify more effective means of facilitating student learning. Some promising pedagogical techniques that have emerged include the flipped-class model and test-enhanced learning. These pedagogical strategies have been incorporated into a multitouch book. A multitouch book is a dynamic platform that allows instructors to combine text, videos, interactive figures, and quizzes into an electronic book. A multitouch book was created and implemented in an organic-chemistry sequence. The course content in the multitouch book is divided into individual learning units. Each unit contains concise informative text, explanatory videos, and quizzes in a structured manner. The multitouch book contains all of the topics traditionally covered in a sophomore-level organic-chemistry course and was created using a variety of elements to engage students in a manner that best matches their learning preference. The multitouch book was created in iBooks Author, which has widgets that allow for the facile insertion of the videos, figures, images, and quizzes. Student response to the multitouch book was overwhelmingly positive.
Cell Volume Regulation, Ions, and Apoptosis

It is generally accepted that all cells have the ability to undergo an internally controlled cell suicide process known as apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in response to a given stimulus or environmental agent39. The apoptotic process efficiently removes or eliminates a population of unwanted cells from the body at a given time in the absence of an inflammatory response. This mode of cell death has been observed during development25,37,40, in the immune system2, and in the progression of both AIDS21,33,34 and cancer24,35,38. Apoptosis is characterized by a distinct set of morphological and biochemical features including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, proteolysis, internucleosomal DNA cleavage, and apoptotic body formation27. Over the past 20 years, much attention has focused on the biochemical aspects of apoptosis, including the intracellular signals leading to cell death, the enzymes involved in both protein and DNA degradation, and the role several apoptotic modulating genes play to control or inhibit cell death12. However, of all the characteristics which define this mode of cell death, the observation that the cells shrink or lose volume during apoptosis has remained relatively unexplored.
Renal Physiology in Pregnancy

Pregnancy produces changes in the circulatory, renal, and urinary collection systems which support the developing fetus. There is physiologic dilatation of the urinary collecting system. There is systemic vasodilation, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance, increased cardiac output, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and plasma volume expansion. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate rise, with a resultant fall in the serum creatinine concentration. Urinary excretion of protein, glucose, and amino acids increases. Electrolyte and acid-base alterations include a chronic respiratory alkalosis and mild hypoosmolarity with hyponatremia. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms and clinical implications of these physiologic changes in pregnancy.