cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Warning Flags on the Race Track: The Global Markets' Verdict On Formula One Sponsorship

ABSTRACT The globalization of media content has encouraged the growth of cross-cultural promotional channels. Yet, empirical evaluations of advertising strategies at an international level are sparse. This study advances research in this emerging area by analyzing the global financial markets9 valuation of commercial sponsorships in Formula One (F1) motor racing. Although previous research indicated that U.S. markets have approved of similar promotional investments, the results of this international event study demonstrated that the market value of firms entering into F1 sponsorships decline upon announcement. The level of investment and nationality congruence of the sponsorship appear to enhance the probability for negative returns in shareholder value.
Research Progress of the Body Normal Reference

The body's normal reference not only exists in different laboratories,individual and geographical background operation,also the influenced of different by way of life,in the natural environment and social environment,So to establish the body's normal reference is very important for understanding a nation's disease diagnosis,treatment and prevention,This paper from four aspects-the basic concept and meaning,formulate procedures and methodss,quality control and announcements,to introduc the body's normal reference progress is reviewed.
Multiple smallpox vaccinations in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex.

On the basis of the study here reported, the authors conclude that multiple smallpox vaccinations are of value in the management of patients with recurrent herpes simplex. Of 68 cases reviewed, 52 patients (76.5 per cent) definitely had no subsequent attacks during a lengthy follow-up period; 7 patients were probably cured, and the recurring lesions in the remaining 9 patients were less severe than those preceding therapy with a longer interval between attacks. The specific mechanism for the benefit noted is not fully understood.
Semi-Supervised Ranking for Re-identification with Few Labeled Image Pairs

In many person re-identification applications, typically only a small number of labeled image pairs are available for training. To address this serious practical issue, we propose a novel semi-supervised ranking method which makes use of unlabeled data to improve the re-identification performance. It is shown that low density separation or graph propagation assumption is not valid under some conditions in person re-identification. Thus, we propose to iteratively select the most confident matched (positive) image pairs from the unlabeled data. Since the number of positive matches is greatly smaller than that of negative ones, we increase the positive prior by selecting positive data from the top-ranked matching subset among all unlabeled data. The optimal model is learnt by solving a regression based ranking problem. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art distance learning algorithms on three publicly available datasets using only few labeled matched image pairs for training.
Evaluation of the Disco-Vertebral Junction Using Ultrashort Time-to-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Inter-reader Agreement and Association with Vertebral Endplate Lesions

Objective To evaluate ultrashort time to echo (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) morphology of the cartilaginous endplates (CEP) in cadaveric lumbar spines with bony vertebral endplate (VEP) lesions, to determine inter-reader agreement as well as associations between the CEP morphology and VEP lesions as well as other abnormalities.
Characterization and reconstruction of 3D stochastic microstructures via supervised learning.

Summary The need for computational characterization and reconstruction of volumetric maps of stochastic microstructures for understanding the role of material structure in the processing–structure–property chain has been highlighted in the literature. Recently, a promising characterization and reconstruction approach has been developed where the essential idea is to convert the digitized microstructure image into an appropriate training dataset to learn the stochastic nature of the morphology by fitting a supervised learning model to the dataset. This compact model can subsequently be used to efficiently reconstruct as many statistically equivalent microstructure samples as desired. The goal of this paper is to build upon the developed approach in three major directions by: (1) extending the approach to characterize 3D stochastic microstructures and efficiently reconstruct 3D samples, (2) improving the performance of the approach by incorporating user-defined predictors into the supervised learning model, and (3) addressing potential computational issues by introducing a reduced model which can perform as effectively as the full model. We test the extended approach on three examples and show that the spatial dependencies, as evaluated via various measures, are well preserved in the reconstructed samples.
South-East Region: Outside London

There is no doubt that the influence of London was felt everywhere in the South-East Region; but it was felt in different degrees, and there were as we shall see a few pockets of old-fashioned provincial life amid the general perhaps rather drab political homogeneity of the region. Immediately outside the L.C.C. area — which, at the time of its formation in 1888, contained the bulk of the built-up area of the metropolis and quite a large area of land still undeveloped — there was a substantial belt of suburban housing which had grown up by the end of the century and which, because it was contiguous to the L.C.C. area, must seem almost equally metropolitan in character, at least in the twentieth century. The spread outwards was, of course, uneven; its nature depended in part upon the availability of land, in part upon the quality of communications.1 Those who could afford it were already at the beginning of the period willing to ‘‘commute’’ to work in London from such comparatively distant places as Brighton ; and by the end of it, the ‘residential’ population of many of the more rural areas was becoming of much greater significance than the agricultural element.
Preliminary Results of Pool Boiling of Seawater

As the availability of fresh water is becoming scarce, desalination of seawater is increasingly important to meet the fresh water (portable water) requirements of the world. Thermal distillation continues to be one of the most important and widely used methods of desalination currently used. Scale formation and corrosion of the heater surface are some of the challenges in thermal desalination. In this paper, pool boiling of seawater is characterized using standard artificial sea water. The nature of the scales formed on the heater surface and its effect on the heat transfer efficiency is studied. A passive method to reduce the rate of scale formation during boiling is studied. Particularly, steel beads are introduced to prevent the growth of scales on the heater surface and the corresponding boiling performance is evaluated.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Antiepileptic Drug Therapy in Neurosurgical Critical Care

There are three postoperative situations when the neuroanesthesiologist may encounter use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): Prophylactic use after craniotomy for various reasons. sContinuation of preoperative AEDs (with special subcategories after epilepsy surgery or, if used outside an epilepsy indication, for example, for neuropathic pain/trigeminal neuralgia). Initiation of AEDs because of a postoperative seizure or status epilepticus (SE).
LB1.6 Neisseria meningitidis carriage among men who have sex with men – new york city, 2016–2017

Introduction There have been recent U.S. outbreaks of N. meningitidis (Nm) serogroup C among men who have sex with men (MSM). From 1/2012-6/2015, 1/3 of U.S. cases in MSM were from New York City (NYC); 65% were HIV+. Little is known about Nm carriage among MSM and potential sexual transmission of Nm. Methods We conducted a carriage study among a sample of MSM and transgender female patients at 2 NYC sexual health clinics (6/2016-2/2017). Clinicians collected oropharyngeal (OP), rectal, and urethral specimens for Nm culture and STD testing. We matched test results with patient self-administered questionnaire data on antibiotic use, meningococcal vaccine history, and sexual risk behaviours (past 30 days), and data extracted from clinic medical records and the NYC STD registry (past 3 months). We calculated carriage prevalence by serogroup (slide agglutination) and anatomic site; examined Nm-gonorrhoea (GC) co-infection; and assessed associations between patient characteristics and carriage at any site using logistic regression. Results Of 636 study patients, 146 (23%; 95% CI 20%–26%) were Nm carriers. Serogroup distribution of OP carriage (22.4%; 142/633) was: 59% non-groupable, 37% B, 1.4% C, 0.7% W, 1.4% Y. Of OP Nm carriers, 20 (14%) were OP GC-positive. Urethral (0.5%; 3/626) and anal (1%; 6/626) carriage prevalence were low. Any-site carriage was associated with: kissing (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1–9.3), performing oral sex (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.6), attending bars/clubs (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.6), and antibiotic use (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.5); and not associated with HIV status, STD history, or vaccine status. In multivariable analyses, only antibiotic use was associated with carriage. Conclusion Nm carriage in our large patient sample did not match Nm outbreak patterns (e.g., paucity of serogroup C, no link with HIV). The OP carriage rate was similar to that in prior studies, but with higher serogroup B. Low prevalence of urethral and rectal Nm carriage and lack of association with STD risk factors suggests that sexual transmission of Nm might be uncommon in this population.
Analysis of Oxygen in Titanium

THE pace of titanium research has been retarded somewhat by the lack of a suitable method of determining oxygen content. Here, the author describes a reliable method of oxygen analysis by a modification of the vacuum fusion techniques which have become conventional for the analysis of gases in steel.
Tumor Screening in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Parental Perspectives.

Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and Isolated Hemihypertrophy (IHH) are at an increased risk for developing tumors. Tumor screening in this population is currently being reassessed by several groups and the effect on patients and patient-families has been argued both as a reason to screen and not to screen. Parental perspectives on this topic have never been systematically addressed for the BWS population. Here, we conducted a parent-based survey to evaluate knowledge and attitudes toward tumor screening in patients affected by BWS/IHH. A total of 261 surveys were completed. Overall, parents reported that screening decreased their worry and did not feel that screening increased worry or created a burden. This effect was observed across various demographic variables and other factors examined. Almost all significant differences observed could be attributed to parental knowledge of tumor risk. Parents who correctly identified their child’s tumor risk were more likely to agree with stratified screening recommendations according to BWS type and risk, and were less likely to feel worried if recommendations were changed. These results highlight the need to educate families about their child’s genetic type and tumor risk in order to facilitate an informed decision about tumor screening.
The AGR-3/4 fission product transport irradiation experiment

Abstract AGR-3/4 was the combined third and fourth planned irradiations for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program. The primary purpose of the AGR program is to support the development and qualification of tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated particle fuel for use in High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors. AGR-3/4 was designed as a fission product transport irradiation experiment whose specific objectives were to: (1) irradiate fuel containing UCO (uranium oxycarbide) designed-to-fail (DTF) fuel particles that provide a fixed source of fission products for subsequent transport through compact matrix and structural graphite materials; (2) assess the effects of sweep gas impurities on fuel performance and fission product transport; (3) provide irradiated fuel and material samples for post-irradiation examination (PIE) and post-irradiation heating; and (4) support the refinement of fuel performance and fission product transport models. The AGR-3/4 test train was irradiated in the northeast flux trap of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for 369.1 effective full power days from December 2011 to April 2014. The experiment was successful in achieving its specification goals in terms of burnup and fast fluence levels reached at the end of irradiation and fuel temperature levels maintained throughout irradiation: peak compact burnup reached 15.27% fissions per initial heavy-metal atom and peak compact fast fluence reached 5.32 × 1025 n/m2 (E > 0.18 MeV), while the time-average volume-average temperatures of the compacts ranged from 854 to 1345 °C. Fission product release–to–birth ratios reached values in the 10−4–10−3 range early during irradiation as the DTF particles started to fail. Subsequent post-irradiation examination will provide information on fission product distributions in matrix and core graphite materials, enabling refinement of fission product transport models.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Receipt of Prescription Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans: Do Clinical Practice Guidelines Matter?

Abstract Clinical practice guidelines admonish against prescribing opioids for individuals with chronic pain and traumatic brain injury (TBI) because of increased risk for adverse outcomes, yet no studies have described opioid prescribing patterns in these higher-risk patients. Between October 2007 and March 2015, 53,124 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with chronic pain not prescribed opioids in the previous year were followed for 1 year after completing a Comprehensive TBI Evaluation within the Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities. Veterans reporting the most severe TBI sequelae (eg, loss of consciousness >30 minutes) were significantly more likely to receive short-term and long-term opioid therapy than those with less severe or no TBI sequelae ( P values Perspective Paradoxically, veterans with greater TBI severity and comorbid mental health burden are more likely to be prescribed opioids for chronic pain. More vulnerable veterans may benefit from improved access to behavioral health and nonpharmacological modalities for chronic pain, because of the health and safety risks of opioids.
Scalable and durable polymeric icephobic and hydrate-phobic coatings

Ice formation and accumulation on surfaces can result in severe problems for solar photovoltaic installations, offshore oil platforms, wind turbines and aircrafts. In addition, blockage of pipelines by formation and accumulation of clathrate hydrates of natural gases has safety and economical concerns in oil and gas operations, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures such as those found in subsea or arctic environments. Practical adoption of icephobic/hydrate-phobic surfaces requires mechanical robustness and stability under harsh environments. Here, we develop durable and mechanically robust bilayer poly-divinylbenzene (pDVB)/poly-perfluorodecylacrylate (pPFDA) coatings using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to reduce the adhesion strength of ice/hydrates to underlying substrates (silicon and steel). Utilizing a highly-cross-linked polymer (pDVB) underneath a very thin veneer of fluorine-rich polymer (pPFDA) we have designed inherently rough bilayer polymer films that can be deposited on rough steel substrates resulting in surfaces which exhibit a receding water contact angle (WCA) higher than 150° and WCA hysteresis as low as 4°. Optical profilometer measurements were performed on the films and root mean square (RMS) roughness values of Rq = 178.0 ± 17.5 nm and Rq = 312.7 ± 23.5 nm were obtained on silicon and steel substrates, respectively. When steel surfaces are coated with these smooth hard iCVD bilayer polymer films, the strength of ice adhesion is reduced from 1010 ± 95 kPa to 180 ± 85 kPa. The adhesion strength of the cyclopentane (CyC5) hydrate is also reduced from 220 ± 45 kPa on rough steel substrates to 34 ± 12 kPa on the polymer-coated steel substrates. The durability of these bilayer polymer coated icephobic and hydrate-phobic substrates is confirmed by sand erosion tests and examination of multiple ice/hydrate adhesion/de-adhesion cycles.
Electromechanically Tunable Diamond Color Centers Coupled to Nanophotonic Waveguides

We present a platform for the generation and high-efficiency collection of indistinguishable photons from spatially separated silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers by use of waveguide-coupled nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
Treatment of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma in a nulligravid woman.

A 32 year-old nulligravid woman with a uterine mass underwent exploratory laparotomy with myomectomy. Final pathology revealed a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) with positive margins. She subsequently underwent definitive robotic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy with ovarian preservation. She was diagnosed with a stage IB low-grade ESS. She is currently undergoing observation. Discussion of classification, surgical options, and adjuvant therapy is presented.
May-Thurner Syndrome as a Rare Cause of Paradoxical Embolism in a Patient with Patent Foramen Ovale

May-Thurner syndrome is an underrecognized anatomical variant that can lead to increased propensity for venous thrombosis in the lower extremities. We present a case of a 67-year-old female who presented with transient ischemic attack. Initial workup including CT scan of the head, MRI scan of the head, and magnetic resonance angiogram of the head and neck was unremarkable. A transthoracic echocardiogram with bubble study was also normal. Subsequently, a transesophageal echocardiogram was performed that revealed a patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunt. Lower extremity duplex venous ultrasound showed no evidence of deep vein thrombosis. However, magnetic resonance venogram of the pelvis showed compression of the left common iliac vein just after its origin suggestive of May-Thurner syndrome. Hence, May-Thurner syndrome was recognized as the probable source of paradoxical embolism causing transient ischemic attack in this patient.
Design Loupes: A Bifocal Study to Improve the Management of Engineering Design Innovation by Co-evaluation of the Design Process and Information Sharing Activity

After having identified the existence and having conceptually modeled the nature of general design loupes in the past year’s project, this year’s focus lies on the systematic exploration of the individual designer’s inherent reflective loupe. Based on analyzing artifacts, surveying experts, conducting inductive and deductive conceptual framing rounds, and observing controlled explorative experiments we were able to: (1) show the existence of reflective loupes; (2) identify actual practices in use by designers; (3) use reflective practices as meaningful proxies for reflective loupes that are not directly observable; and (4) create, capture and analyze concrete reflective practices in the controlled experimental environment of a laboratory. We next proceed to build upon these results to deepen our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of reflective design loupes.
Fetal skull fracture and brain injury after a maternal automobile accident. A case report.

A woman in labor and not wearing a seat belt sustained multiple fractures of the pelvis and femur while in an automobile accident. The fetus suffered fractures of the parietal and occipital bones. To minimize maternal pelvic and fetal injury, delivery by cesarean section was performed. The infant had generalized cerebral edema and intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, diagnosed shortly after birth. Motor abnormalities and residual injury to the periventricular white matter were evident at age 4 months. Use of seat belts may significantly diminish or prevent such injuries. Language: en
Lengua(je)s, branding, e identidad en la Gran Cuba: Dreaming in Cuban de Cristina García

Las metaforas conceptuales de puentes, fronteras, y otros espacios intermedios –las cuales forman lo que podriamos denominar ‘la ontologia del guion’—prevalecen en las lecturas criticas de la produccion artistica de las hijas de la diaspora caribena hispanofona en los EEUU. No obstante, en este articulo sostengo que las formas linguisticas y los patrones discursivos que tienen lugar con frecuencia en estos textos no sugieren una carga de identidad linguistica ni el estado de hallarse entre lenguas y naciones, sino que crean una estetica de la multiplicidad. A pesar de estar escritas mayoritariamente en ingles, estas obras se agrupan con una tradicion literaria del Caribe hispanofono que cuestiona nociones estructuralistas de lengua e identidad, y perspectivas modernas de nacion(alidad). En este articulo, expongo la necesidad de reconsiderar las conceptualizaciones de lengua y genero en las construcciones de identidades locales, globales, y posnacionales en la Gran Cuba. Analizo como escritoras como Cristina Garcia (y Achy Obejas, entre otras) reinterpretan la lengua a traves de cruce linguisticos, formando asi una comunidad grancaribena de practica literaria que cuestiona los limites discursivos de las definiciones tradicionales de ‘lo americano’, ‘lo cubano’, ‘lo caribeno’, y lo cubano-americano’. Por medio de su branding linguistico y sus componentes tematicos, estas novelas desestabilizan los imaginarios nacionales y archivos culturales predominantes tanto en la isla caribena como en los EEUU, a la vez que problematizan el rol historicamente silenciado de las mujeres (escritoras), con un claro proposito de adquisicion de poder.
Neuropathology of Spinal Cord Tumors

Herein we present a histological review of spinal cord tumors, including subtypes, grading, morphology, frequency, and biological behavior. The review characterizes the most commonly occurring primary spinal cord neoplasms in detail, including ependymomas, astrocytomas, hemangioblastomas, meningiomas, schwannomas, neurofibromas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. For completeness, we conclude with comments on spinal metastases and rare spinal cord tumors.
JOINT ENERGY AND SINR COVERAGE IN ENERGY HARVESTING MMWAVE CELLULAR NETWORKS WITH USER-CENTRIC BASE STATION DEPLOYMENTS

In this paper, we consider simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks with user-centric base station deployments. The distinguishing features of mmWave communications are incorporated into the system model. Moreover, the locations of user equipments (UEs) are modeled as a Thomas cluster process. First, the association probability is investigated. Subsequently, using tools from stochastic geometry, we analyze the energy coverage and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) coverage of the network and provide general expressions. Through numerical results, we draw insights on how to model the system to improve the coverage performance.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with trichloroacetimidates

Substituted indole scaffolds are often utilized in medicinal chemistry as they regularly possess significant pharmacological activity. Therefore the development of simple, inexpensive and efficient methods for alkylating the indole heterocycle continues to be an active research area. Reported are reactions of trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and indoles to address the challenges of accessing alkyl decorated indole structures. These alkylations perform best when either the indole or the imidate is functionalized with electron withdrawing groups to avoid polyalkylation.
Depression in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Depression is both common and impactful in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is swiftly growing in recognition as a major public health concern within the autism community. This article is intended to provide a brief overview of the prevalence, impact, presentation, and risk factors associated with cooccurring depression in children and adolescents with ASD. Clinical guidelines for the assessment and treatment of depression in the ASD population are offered in line with the small existing evidence base.
Examining legal representation for foster youth: Perspectives of foster parents

Abstract Despite the importance of legal representation to foster youth, few studies have examined perceptions related to this representation. This study investigated foster parent ( N = 792) perspectives about the legal representation of foster youth involved in dependency court proceedings. All participants hailed from one southeastern state. Variables of interest included the impact of legal representation of foster care experiences, quality of legal representation, and attorney-youth communication, among others. Findings indicate that participants perceived legal representation to be vitally important to shaping foster care experiences. However, participants expressed a level of neutrality when asked about attorney competence. As well, participants indicated that attorney-youth relationships and communication between attorneys and foster youth were inadequate. This paper discusses findings related to this study and delineates salient practice, policy, and research implications derived from the data.
Measuring conversations after acquired brain injury in 30 minutes or less: a comparison of two pragmatic rating scales

Primary objective: This study compared the reliability, validity and feasibility of the Pragmatics Rating Scale (PRS) to the Profile of Pragmatic Impairment in Communication (PPIC). It was hypothesized that the PRS would have equivalent reliability and validity and superior feasibility. Research design: A correlational pilot study design was implemented. Methods and procedures: Participants were 15 adults with a history of ABI, who provided two conversation samples each, and 15 adults with no history of ABI, who provided one conversation sample each. Two clinicians used the PRS and PPIC to rate each conversation sample. Main outcomes and results: The results of the PRS showed good discriminative validity between the ABI and non-ABI group, adequate construct validity with the PPIC and the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire, superior interrater reliability to the PPIC, and good test-retest reliability. Also, the PRS demonstrated higher clinical feasibility than the PPIC as measured by mean completion time per sample and ratings on a clinical feasibility survey. Conclusions: These results supported our hypotheses that the PRS is sensitive to aspects of social communication often impaired by ABI, without the feasibility drawbacks of a more complex rating scale.
E-063 Recurrent syncope caused by a dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report

Introduction Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are pathologic vascular connections that shunt dural arterial flow directly to dural venous drainage. DAVFs constitute 10–15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations and are most commonly located in transverse, sigmoid, and cavernous sinuses. Symptoms from DAVFs vary based on lesion location and correlate with their respective patterns of venous drainage. Common presenting symptoms include pulsatile tinnitus, chronic headache, vision difficulties, cranial nerve abnormalities, cerebellar symptoms, focal neurologic deficits, and seizures. Only a few isolated case reports describe syncope on presentation, all in combination with other symptoms. In this article, we report a rare case of DAVF causing recurrent syncope. Methods A 29 year-old female presented with a 9-year history of progressive syncopal episodes exacerbated by positional changes, strenuous activity and emotional stressors. Results The patient was referred to us after symptoms of dizziness and syncope persisted despite treatment by multiple cardiologists, endocrinologists, and psychiatrists. Symptoms occurred upon wakening and lasted for 2–3 hours before she was able to regain functionality. Furthermore, she found that her symptoms would remit if she was to lay in the Trendelenburg position immediately after symptom onset. Physical exam revealed no abnormalities. MRI of the brain showed no irregularities. MRA revealed abnormal serpiginous structures in the left jugular foramen which communicated with the ascending pharyngeal branch of the left external carotid artery. Cerebral angiogram disclosed a left jugular foramen dural AVF (Borden/Cognard type 1) supplied by the left ascending pharyngeal and left occipital arteries. There was no retrograde flow or cortical venous reflux. The DAVF was successfully managed by progressive endovascular embolization with coils and Onyx 34 via transvenous route. The final cerebral angiogram demonstrated complete obliteration of the fistula. On clinical follow-up evaluation, the patient had no further episodes of dizziness or syncope. Conclusion We present an atypical case of DAVF in a patient presenting with recurrent syncope. Only 3 cases of DAVF causing syncope have been reported, all in combination with other neurologic symptoms. In comparison, we report a unique case of DAVF presenting solely with recurrent syncope, a previously undocumented finding in the literature. Our case adds to other reports of nonspecific DAVF presentations and highlights the importance of considering this etiology. Disclosures D. Sheinberg: None. E. Luther: None. D. McCarthy: None. R. Starke: None.
High Density 8-Bit Multiplier Systolic Arrays For Fpga

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become the fastest growing application area for FPGAs. Two types of numerics are needed. Training typically uses floating point arithmetic (which is now widely available as embedded functions in current FPGAs). Inference is typically calculated with lower precision integer numbers, which can be implemented with embedded functions, soft logic, or a combination of the two. INT8 performance is therefore used as a typical benchmarking metric for current FPGAs. Recent publications based on Xilinx devices show the extraction of two INT8 multipliers from a 24×18 multiplier. A paper from Intel describes how to obtain two INT8 multipliers from a 18×18 multiplier, with the help of a small amount of soft logic. In this paper we introduce a number of new INT8 multiplier techniques, starting with the Intel 18×18 multiplier approach. Using both memory and logic resources - for a more balanced use of the FPGA features - we improve the INT8 density, and also show a signed-magnitude (SM) 1.7 construct that is even smaller. To demonstrate the usability of these new multipliers, we develop a scalable systolic array, that contains up to 32,768 SM1.7 multipliers, or 28,800 INT8 multipliers, fit in an Intel Stratix 10 2800 device. Finally, we implement a system architecture that includes input and output flow buffering and control, which can be instantiated directly into a larger AI design, or can enable the FPGA to be used as a standalone accelerator. This system exceeds 400 MHz for the largest array on a mid-speed device (26 TOPS INT8), and can operate up to 600 MHz for smaller array sizes.
Making Litigating Citizenship More Fair

This review essay responds to "Litigating Citizenship," in which Cassandra Burke Robertson and Irina D. Manta chart the contours of expanding immigration enforcement in the Trump administration and ask, "How do we determine when a particular individual meets — or fails to meet — the legal requirements that determine citizenship under our laws?” It lauds their focus on challenges to citizenship as a much-needed spotlight on the excesses of modern immigration policy and their effect on our democracy.
Structural engraftment and topographic spacing of transplanted human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) replacement and optic nerve regeneration hold potential for restoring vision lost to optic neuropathy. Following transplantation, RGCs must integrate into the neuroretinal circuitry in order to receive afferent visual signals for processing and transmission to central targets. To date, the efficiency of RGC retinal integration following transplantation has been limited. We sought to characterize spontaneous interactions between transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived RGCs and the recipient mature mammalian retina, and to identify and overcome barriers to the structural integration of transplanted neurons. Using an in vitro model system, following transplantation directly onto the inner surface of organotypic mouse retinal explants, human RGC somas form compact clusters and extend bundled neurites that remain superficial to the neural retinal tissue, hindering any potential for afferent synaptogenesis. To enhance integration, we explored methods to increase the cellular permeability of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Digestion of extracellular matrix components using proteolytic enzymes was titrated to achieve disruption of the ILM while minimizing retinal toxicity and preserving endogenous retinal glial reactivity. Such ILM disruption is associated with dispersion rather than clustering of transplanted RGC bodies and neurites, and with a marked increase in transplanted RGC neurite extension into retinal parenchyma. The ILM appears to be a barrier to afferent retinal connectivity by transplanted RGCs and its circumvention may be necessary for successful functional RGC replacement through transplantation.
Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) use color patterning, but not the colors themselves, as a cue to eject interspecific parasitic eggs

Brood parasitism results in substantial costs to hosts, yet not all species eject foreign eggs. Because the costs of mistakenly ejecting one's own eggs are high, selection may favor ejection behavior only if it is unlikely a host will incorrectly eject her own eggs. Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) are currently subject to relatively low levels of interspecific brood parasitism but still sometimes eject parasitic eggs. Therefore, we tested which visual cues they use to eject foreign eggs with the prediction that only the most dissimilar eggs would be ejected, reducing the likelihood of a female making a mistake. House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), which occasionally parasitize bluebirds, lay eggs that have an off-white ground color with brown speckling. Therefore, to test which colors or patterns allow for discrimination of parasitic eggs, we generated 3-dimensional (3D)-printed model House Sparrow eggs and painted them entirely off-white, entirely brown, half off-white and half brown, or off-white with brown speckling. We then sequentially placed these 4 different model eggs in the nests of Eastern Bluebirds, with each nest receiving all treatments over the course of 4 days. After watching females enter and leave the nest box just one time after placement of the model egg, we found that speckled eggs were ejected half the time (7 of 14 nests), while no other treatment was ejected more than 3 times. Thus, Eastern Bluebird females eject eggs based primarily on color patterning (i.e. a speckled pattern) rather than coloration per se, and that they can do so quickly, as the average female had removed the model egg within 6 min of entering the nest. Because Eastern Bluebirds do not lay speckled eggs, but some brood parasites do (e.g., House Sparrows, Brown-headed Cowbirds [Molothrus ater]), selection may specifically favor ejection of eggs with a speckled pattern, not just eggs that have within-egg color contrasts.Lay SummarySome birds (brood parasites) lay their eggs in another bird's (host's) nest; if the parasite is successful, the host ends up doing a lot of extra work raising the parasite's young.We painted model eggs to test how Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis), which lay blue eggs, figure out which eggs are theirs and which ones were laid by brood parasites.Eastern Bluebirds rarely get rid of white, brown, or half-white/half-brown model eggs. However, they frequently eject model eggs that are white with brown spots; thus it is the spotting—and not the colors—that indicates to Eastern Bluebirds which eggs are not theirs.
Effects of three-dimensional Cu/Nb interfaces on strengthening and shear banding in nanoscale metallic multilayers

Abstracts Manipulation of the atomic-scale structure of two-dimensional (2D) interfaces have been shown to provide nanocomposites with enhanced strength, deformability, and radiation damage resistance. In comparison with 2D interfaces, here we investigate the mechanical response of nanocomposites containing three-dimensional (3D) Cu/Nb interfaces consisting of a chemical/structural gradient separating pure Cu and Nb layers, through which the lattice mismatch between face-centered cubic Cu and body-centered cubic Nb is accommodated over a distance of several nanometers. It is demonstrated that 3D interfaces increase the yield and flow strength by 50% and 22%, respectively, over composites containing 2D interfaces at similar layer thicknesses. After 14% compressive strain, the onset of shear banding results in co-deformation of both Cu and Nb phases within and outside of the shear band. We conclude with a discussion of the role of interface structure in shear band formation and growth in 3D Cu/Nb.
Axillary Response in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Endocrine Treatment for Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Systematic Literature Review and NCDB Analysis.

Several studies have proven that neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) has a similar beneficial therapeutic effect in estrogen-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) with improved breast conservation rate in patients undergoing NET versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The impact of axillary complete pathologic response (pCR) is less clear. We evaluate the impact of NET on axillary downstaging and surgical management. Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we identified all patients with node positive (N+), ER+, HER2− BC undergoing NET and performed a systemic review of literature using PRISMA guidelines. The literature review identified 1479 clinically N+ patients in four studies, 148 of whom had axillary pCR (10.0%). In the two studies of patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), 7.8% (69/883) of clinically N+ patients had axillary pCR. The NCDB query identified 4580 female patients with clinically N+ ER+ HER2− BC who underwent NET from 2010 to 2016 with mean age of 61.4 years. Patients who achieved a pCR were more likely to have N1 disease (p 0.008), moderately differentiated tumors (p 0.003), and ductal histology (p 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in race, comorbidity score, education, income, hospital setting, or clinical tumor stage. Of the 4580 total patients, 663 (14.48%) had an axillary pCR (pN0) after NET, and 3917 (85.52%) remained pN+. We found that patients who underwent NET for N+ disease had a higher axillary pCR than previously reported (10%) in smaller studies. Although NET is not a common treatment option for women with N+ ER+ HER2− BC, it may be a suitable option for axillary downstaging, which is currently underutilized.
25. Provider Self-Disclosure during Contraception Counseling in Adolescents and Young Adults

Background Provider self-disclosure (PSD) is any statement made to a patient that includes the provider's own experience, and has the potential to be utilized by those who use the same contraception as their teenage patients. However, it is imperative to understand how providers counsel on contraception, and whether PSD is an acceptable tactic. The study goal was to describe PSD use regarding the intrauterine device (IUD) with adolescent patients. Secondary outcomes were to identify the content and context of PSD in the contraception setting. Methods An IRB-approved, anonymous survey was distributed to the NASPAG list serve. Participants were eligible if they counsel adolescents or young adults on contraception. Variables included demographics, contraceptive history, contraceptive PSD history, and comfort with other PSD statements. Questions on PSD viewpoints were adapted from prior studies. For unanswered survey questions, analysis was conducted according to the number of responses for each question. Results Of the 86 completed surveys, the majority (N=49) were pediatric & adolescent gynecologists. Sixty-one respondents have used or are currently using an IUD; the majority of the 61 IUD users (72%) have self-disclosed IUD use to an adolescent by choice, and 23% have by patient request. IUD disclosure was very rare or rare (42%, 22/53), occasional (30%, 16/53), and very frequent (17%, 9/53), and always (4%, 2/53). Providers frequently disclosed IUD use to patients’ family members as well (94%, 50/53). The majority (83%, 44/53) reported age not impacting the decision to disclose IUD use. IUD PSD was most likely to occur when the patient has decided on the IUD but has questions (62%, 32/52) or when the patient was debating between fewer methods (48%, 25/52). Most providers (83%, 43/52) generally disclose their IUD experience positively (ease of use and lighter bleeding most commonly discussed). Providers felt it is usually appropriate (35%, 30/85) or neither appropriate nor inappropriate (38%, 32/85) to disclose contraception use to teens. In addition, providers felt PSD was always appropriate in both teens and adults (46%, 36/78) or more appropriate in adults than teens (27%, 21/78). The majority generally agreed that PSD enhances patient support (64%, 55/86) and develops trust (66%, 57/86), although less agreed on PSD as increasing patient motivation (43%, 37/86). Thirty-three percent of providers (29/86) thought PSD takes focus away from patients’ needs. Conclusions PSD is commonly used by those who counsel on contraception and IUD use. Age does not appear to influence PSD regarding IUD or contraception use. Further research is warranted on how adolescents and young adults perceive contraceptive PSD.
Methodological Guidance Paper: The Craft of Conducting a Qualitative Review:

This methodological guidance paper discusses the craft of reviewing qualitative research for a systematic review. Qualitative research is an expansive and wide-ranging domain that includes research...
Grammarly’s Tone Detector: Helping Students Write Pragmatically Appropriate Texts:

Grammarly’s Tone Detector is included in the free version of the application and is available for major phone and computer program platforms. Its strength is in helping students compose pragmatical...
Fair Housing, Unfair Housing

The Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing rule, promulgated under the Obama administration and swiftly repealed under the Trump administration, was the most significant fair housing effort in decades. But for all its ambitions, the rule had a fundamental weakness. It was focused on process and not able to support prescriptive, readily-enforceable mandates to improve racial equity in housing. This Essay argues that this weakness stems from the open-ended meaning of “fair housing.” Without any consensus—even within the fair housing community—as to what fair housing demands, it was nearly impossible for the federal government to demand state and local governments “affirmatively further” anything in particular. To make matters worse, the judiciary may have locked in that open-ended understanding of fair housing, limiting how HUD can strengthen its regulatory framework. In light of this diagnosis, this Essay offers a new path forward: focusing less on promoting “fair housing,” and more on eliminating practices known to contribute to unfair housing. Here, there is more clarity: some practices routinely impede racial equity in housing. HUD can encourage the elimination of these practices while still permitting states and cities to define their own positive visions of racial equity, pairing the best of HUD’s previous bottom-up framework with new tools to promote concrete action. This Essay closes by detailing a framework for how to integrate a renewed focus on unfair housing into the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing process.
Property values as affected by loess thickness and texture

Abstract We tested the longstanding (but untested) premise that loess cover (thickness and texture) positively impact the value of land parcels. To do this, we visited 1178 upland sites across 12 counties in Wisconsin with a mix of land uses; each site was underlain by loess of varying thickness. We sampled the loess at each site with a 195-cm long hand auger, and measured its thickness. The per-acre value of each parcel was then determined, where possible, using an online website. Parcels that contained buildings and structures, those whose per-acre values were not listed on the web site, and sites for which we lacked accurate thickness data (because the loess was > 195 cm thick) were eliminated from the dataset, resulting in a final count of 461 sites for analysis. The data, compared statistically using simple linear and logarithmic regressions, indicate that land values are highest on sites with thicker and siltier loess. This conclusion is in agreement with observations made on the ground while sampling. The strongest correlation (R2 = 0.268; P-value
A ReRAM Memory Compiler for Monolithic 3D Integrated Circuits in a Carbon Nanotube Process

We present a ReRAM memory compiler for monolithic 3D (M3D) integrated circuits (IC). We develop ReRAM architectures for M3D ICs using 1T-1R bit cells and single and multiple tiers of transistors fo...
Estimating Potential Customers Anywhere and Anytime Based on Location-Based Social Networks

Acquiring the knowledge about the volume of customers for places and time of interest has several benefits such as determining the locations of new retail stores and planning advertising strategies. This paper aims to estimate the number of potential customers of arbitrary query locations and any time of interest in modern urban areas. Our idea is to consider existing established stores as a kind of sensors because the near-by human activities of the retail stores characterize the geographical properties, mobility patterns, and social behaviors of the target customers. To tackle the task based on store sensors, we develop a method called Potential Customer Estimator PCE, which models the spatial and temporal correlation between existing stores and query locations using geographical, mobility, and features on location-based social networks. Experiments conducted on NYC Foursquare and Gowalla data, with three popular retail stores, Starbucks, McDonald's, and Dunkin' Donuts exhibit superior results over state-of-the-art approaches.
Selective separations by reactive ion-exchange with common polystyrene-type resins

Abstract Ion-exchange processes accompanied by chemical reactions are treated as one general category-reactive ion-exchange. A simple operational approach was developed on the basis of thermodynamics which permits correct semi-quantitative prediction of the overall equilibria resulting from the combination of ion-exchange processes and chemical reactions. Performing transformations of ionic species by chemical reactions was shown to be the key to selective ion-exchange separations. A systematic investigation of the utility of various reaction types and systems is suggested: several actual examples were used to illustrate typical reactive ion-exchange procedures involving redox reactions, precipitation, ionic complexing, and chelation as the “driving” chemical reactions.