cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sperm Production in Tarnished Plant Bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) Following Irradiation

With recent advances that allow their mass rearing, tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), are being considered as subjects for mass sterilization and release. Because sperm production in sterile insects has been cited as an important component of competitiveness, it was measured in irradiated and unirradiated bugs. Bugs subjected to dosages of 5, 10, 20, and 40 krad (50, 100, 200, and 400 Gy) of gamma-irradiation at approximately 7 d post-eclosion to adulthood produced less sperm than untreated bugs. Sperm production was inversely related to dosage. Sperm counts exceeded 1 million per male in the control group and peaked at approximately 600,000 per male in the 5 krad group at day 21 post-eclosion, at approximately 500,000 per male for the 10 and 20 krad groups between days 17 and 21 post-eclosion, and never exceeded half of the control for the 40 krad group, which suffered high mortality in all three replications. Sperm was not seen in newly-eclosed adults, but accumulations avera...
Weakly-Guided User Stance Prediction via Joint Modeling of Content and Social Interaction

Social media websites have become a popular outlet for online users to express their opinions on controversial issues, such as gun control and abortion. Understanding users' stances and their arguments is a critical task for policy-making process and public deliberation. Existing methods rely on large amounts of human annotation for predicting stance on issues of interest, which is expensive and hard to scale to new problems. In this work, we present a weakly-guided user stance modeling framework which simultaneously considers two types of information: what do you say (via stance-based content generative model) and how do you behave (via social interaction-based graph regularization). We experiment with two types of social media data: news comments and discussion forum posts. Our model uniformly outperforms a logistic regression-based supervised method on stance-based link prediction for unseen users on news comments. Our method also achieves better or comparable stance prediction performance for discussion forum users, when compared with state-of-the-art supervised systems. Meanwhile, separate word distributions are learned for users of opposite stances. This potentially helps with better understanding and interpretation of conflicting arguments for controversial issues.
Can Google Trends Improve Your Sales Forecast

In this issue, Cui et al. () show how the quantity and quality of user‐generated Facebook data can be used to enhance product forecasts. The intent of this note is to show how another type of user‐generated content—customer search data, specifically one obtained from Google Trends—can be used to reduce out‐of‐sample forecast errors. Based on our work with an online retailer, we bolster Cui et al. () result by showing that adding customer search data to time series models improves out‐of‐sample forecast errors.
Proceedings of 3rd ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games

It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to the ACM SIGCOMM 2004 Workshops!We are pleased to present an outstanding program consisting of four workshops: (1) Future Directions in Network Architecture (FDNA); (2) Network and System Support for Games (NetGames); (3) Practice and Theory of Incentives in Networked Systems (PINS); and (4) Network Troubleshooting: Research, Theory, and Operations Practice Meet Malfunctioning Reality (NetTs).Workshops were first introduced as a part of the ACM SIGCOMM week-long Data Communications Festival in 2003 to enhance the ACM SIGCOMM conference technical program; this is the second year for this effort. In response to the call for proposals, we received 6 workshop proposals, 4 of which were accepted. FDNA, the highly successful workshop from 2003, is repeated for the second year. This is the first year for NetGames, PINS, and NetTs; a key feature of all of these workshops is their outreach to other communities. NetGames -- organized for the first time in conjunction with the ACM SIGCOMM conference -- brings together multimedia and gaming community with networking; PINS (organized in collaboration with ACM SIGecom) crosses the boundaries between economics, game theory, and networking; and NetTs exposes challenges in network operations to networking researchers.Organizing such a diverse set of workshops requires a great deal of effort and organization and I want to thank all the members of the SIGCOMM 2004 organizing committee and several volunteers who made it possible. I would like to thank Craig Partridge, Jennifer Rexford, John Wroclawski, and Jim Kurose for their suggestions and help in soliciting exciting workshop proposals. I also thank the SIGCOMM 2004 organizing committee, and in particular, Raj Yavatkar, Jennifer Rexford, Chris Edmondson-Yurkanan and Joe Touch for all the support and guidance they provided throughout the workshop organization process. The local arrangements for the workshops are a result of efforts of Wu-chang Feng. Prashant Chandra, Andreas Terzis, Marcel Waldvogel, and Allyn Romanow handled the web pages, registration, and publicity for the workshops.
The Role of the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights in the Protection of Human Rights: Achievements and Contemporary Challenges

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) have been route companions for many, many years. The Commission was created by a political decision of the Consultation Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, in Santiago, Chile, in 1959 in order to further the respect for the human rights mentioned in the Organization of American States (OAS) Charter and embodied in the American Declaration, “to promote the observance and defense of human rights.” The Statute charges the Commission with developing an awareness of human rights among the peoples of the Americas, which is more far-reaching than the mere handling of cases or drafting of reports.1 It clearly has a political scope, which includes the task of making human rights a cultural value.
Social Media and Toxicology

Social media encroaches upon nearly all aspects of modern life; medicine including the field of medical toxicology is no exception. This article examines how professional toxicologists can utilize social media and discusses toxicology specific social media enterprises.
Ordering of Diagnostic Imaging by Physical Therapists: A 5-Year Retrospective Practice Analysis

Background Significant progress has been made in implementing direct access. As more therapists transition into direct access roles, it seems prudent to consider how additional resources common to other first-contact providers might impact patient care. Objectives Direct referral for diagnostic imaging by physical therapists is relatively rare in the civilian setting and little has been published on the subject. The primary objective of this study was to examine the appropriateness of diagnostic imaging studies referred by civilian physical therapists at an academic medical center. Secondary objectives were to track reimbursement data and overall use rates. Design This was a single-center, retrospective practice analysis of 10 physical therapists over a period of nearly 5 years. Methods The electronic medical record was reviewed for each patient who had an imaging referral placed by a physical therapist. Relevant clinical exam findings and patient history were provided to a radiologist who then applied the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria to determine appropriateness. Reimbursement data and therapist use rates were also evaluated. Results Of the 108 total imaging studies, 91% were considered appropriate. Overall, use rates per direct access evaluation were 9% for plain film x-rays and 4% for advanced imaging. Reimbursement was 100%. Limitations This study was limited to 10 physical therapists at 1 practice location. Appropriateness was evaluated by 1 radiologist. The educational background of referring therapists was not evaluated. Conclusions Physical therapists demonstrated appropriate use of diagnostic imaging in the vast majority of cases (91%). They were judicious in their use of imaging, and there were no issues with reimbursement. These findings could be useful for physical therapists interested in acquiring diagnostic imaging referral privileges.
Expression of MET and HGF in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and invasion.

4573 Background: The human MET gene encodes the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) tyrosine kinase receptor. Limited studies in human bladder cancer have demonstrated that expression of MET protein is ...
Anthropology as critique: Foucault, Kant and the metacritical tradition

ABSTRACTWhile increasing attention has been paid in recent years to the relation between Foucault’s conception of critique and Kant’s, much controversy remains over whether Foucault’s most sustaine...
Atlanta Code Warriors: A CS Engagement Pilot Initiative

The STEM workforce is vastly growing, however, underrepresented groups only account for under 12% of those in science and engineering occupations and for many in these jobs and industries, a 4 year degree is the most reasonable path. It is through this research that we seek to focus and address the challenges that inhibit minority populations in K-12 levels from the motivation and preparation that will align them with future computer science/IT college and career pathway (C-STEM) career fields. Prior research has shown that beliefs around self identity in STEM fields can positively impact behavior and achievement of students in computing disciplines, while increasing African American students belonging can decrease the student achievement gap. The initiatives presented in this paper seek to leverage the inherent value of minority student presence on the campus of a Historically Black institution as a means to normalize student perception of college access and future C-STEM identity.
Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis on Imported-Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri Malaria Cases from West and South Africa during 2013-2016

Majority of the imported malaria cases in Korea is attributed to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections, whereas P. malariae and P. ovale infections are very rare. Falciparum and ovale malaria are mostly imported from Africa, while most of the vivax malaria cases are imported from Southeast Asia. Here, we report 6 Korean imported ovale malaria cases (4 males and 2 females) who had visited in Africa during 2013-2016. These subjects were diagnosed with P. ovale based on microscopic findings, Plasmodium species-specific nested-PCR, and phylogenetic clade using 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified 2 P. ovale subtypes, 1 P. ovale curtisi (classic type) and 5 P. ovale wallikeri (variant type). All patients were treated with chloroquine and primaquine, and no relapse or recrudescence was reported for 1 year after treatment. With increase of travelers to the countries where existing Plasmodium species, the risk of Plasmodium infection is also increasing. Molecular monitoring for imported malaria parasites should be rigorously and continuously performed to enable diagnosis and certification of Plasmodium spp.
Secondhand smoke from electronic cigarette resulting in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Cases of vaping-induced lung injury have increased in the USA, resulting in a heterogeneous collection of pneumonitis patterns in persons who used electronic cigarettes. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been documented in several cases of first-hand electronic cigarette use; however, secondhand smoke health-related consequences have not been fully understood. We present a case of the patient who developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to exposure to secondhand smoke from electronic cigarette. We summarise the presentation and diagnostic investigation, as well as the management of this case.
Intermolecular interactions of liquefied petroleum gas—alcohol mixtures with phyllosilicates

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mixed with polyols finds use in drilling fluids utilized in shale fracking techniques for oil and gas drilling. This study is focused on interactions of major LPG components (propane, butane) and polyols (ethylene glycol, glycerol) with phyllosilicates. In particular, chemical structure, nature, and strength of intermolecular interactions of LPG-phyllosilicate complexes have been studied using Density Function Theory (DFT) and Fragment Molecular Orbital-Pair Interaction Energy Decomposition Analysis (FMO-PIEDA) methods. The results obtained reveal that interactions of the nonpolar LPG components with domination of dispersion-driven and weak electrostatic interactions (C–H…O) have little preference to a particular phyllosilicate face, while polar molecules with domination of hydrogen bonding (O–H…O) have higher affinities to faces of the phyllosilicate cluster that represent imperfections or cracks in an ideal crystal.
Outcomes of cPRA 100% deceased donor kidney transplant recipients under the new Kidney Allocation System: a single‐center cohort study

In light of changes in donor/recipient case-mix and increased cold ischemia times under the Kidney Allocation System (KAS), there is some concern that cPRA 100% recipients might be doing poorly under KAS. We used granular, single-center data on 109 cPRA 100% deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) recipients to study post-KAS posttransplant outcomes not readily available in national registry data. We found that 3-year patient (96.4%) and death-censored graft survival (96.8%) was excellent. We also found that cPRA 100% recipients had a relatively low incidence of T cell-mediated rejection (9.2%) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (13.8%). T cell-mediated rejection episodes tended to be relatively mild-50% (5 episodes) were grade 1, 50% (5 episodes) were grade 2, and none were grade 3. Only 1 episode was associated with graft loss, but this was in the context of a mixed rejection. Although only 15 recipients (13.8%) developed an AMR episode, 2 of these were associated with a graft loss. Despite the rejection episodes, the vast majority of recipients had excellent graft function 3 years posttransplant (median serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dL). In conclusion, cPRA 100% DDKT recipients are doing well under KAS, although every effort should be made to prevent AMR to ensure long-term outcomes remain excellent.
Surgical quality— what have we done and where are we going?

Abstract Improving the quality and safety of patient care has become a major focus in medicine. In surgery, measuring and standardizing care dates back over a century and has since evolved tremendously with the establishment of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and its many quality initiatives. These efforts to prioritize surgical quality have resulted in improved operative results and patient outcomes. Consequently, governmental agencies and regulatory bodies have turned their attention towards healthcare quality as the primary metric for physician and hospital reimbursement. As surgical quality continues to evolve, new considerations have emerged including incorporation of patient-reported outcomes as measures for high quality care. Evaluating how to better integrate the patient's perspective and determining how to align government payment models with participation in standardization and verification programs are important next steps in the evolution of surgical quality.
Cause Analysis on Perforation and Leakage of Heat Exchanger Plate of the Oil Cooler

During the operation of a small turbine in a power station, the heat exchanger of the lubricating oil cooler was perforated and leaked. The reasons of the failure were analyzed by appearance analysis, microstructure detection, impact test, chemical composition test, scanning electron microscope SEM etc. The results showed that the main reason for the perforation and leakage of the heat exchanger plate of the lubricating oil cooler of the small turbine is that there are elements such as Cl -, Na and K which are very easy to cause intergranular corrosion of the austenitic stainless steel in the medium contacted by the heat exchanger plate, and the salt substance composed of these elements has pitting corrosion on the heat exchanger plate and causes the final perforation and leakage.
Correction: A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis

This report presents a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetoelectrokinetic model to investigate a new approach to magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis for ultra-high precision and parallel assembly of ferromagnetic Ni nanowires (NWs) on silicon chips. The underlying assembly methodology relies on a combination of electric and magnetic fields to manipulate single nanowires from a colloidal suspension and yield their assembly on top of electrodes with better than 25 nm precision. The electric fields and the resultant dielectrophoretic forces are generated through the use of patterned gold nanoelectrodes, and deliver long-range forces that attract NWs from farther regions of the workspace and bring them in proximity to the nanoelectrodes. Next, magnetic-fields generated by cobalt magnets, which are stacked on top of the gold nanoelectrodes at their center and pre-magnetized using external magnetic fields, deliver short range forces to capture the nanowires precisely on top of the nanomagnets. The 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model, which is built using a finite element code in COMSOL software and with further computations in MATLAB, computes the trajectory and final deposition location as well as orientation for all possible starting locations of a Ni NW within the assembly workspace. The analysis reveals that magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis achieves ultra-high precision assembly of NWs on top of the cobalt nanomagnets from a 42% larger workspace volume as compared to pure dielectrophoresis and thereby, establishes the benefits of adding magnetic fields to the assembly workspace. Furthermore, this approach is combined with a strategy to confine the suspension within the reservoir that contains a high density of favorable NW starting locations to deliver high assembly yields for landing NWs on top of contacts that are only twice as wide as the NWs.
The Afterdeath of the Holocaust

This essay explores various ways that memory and imagination have found to confront or evade what might be called “the killing reality of the Holocaust.” It begins with a discussion of Charlotte Delbo’s distinction between “deep memory” and “common memory,” the twin sources that continued to inspire her life after her return from Auschwitz. Deep memory reawakened the sensations and physical imprints of her camp experience, one version of what I call the afterdeath of the Holocaust. Common memory recalls the events of her daily existence unrelated to her past, and the tension between the two reflects a dilemma that lingers in the consciousness of those who did not share Delbo’s experience but wish to find ways of imagining what they can never “know.” The essay examines various ways of entering and evading the deathscape of the Holocaust, with an emphasis on the comparative value of the historical investigations of a French priest determined to discover all the killing sites in Belarus and Ukraine and the literary work of a French author concerned with a parallel theme. Over a period of years the priest has interviewed elderly witnesses of the mass murders, uncovering proof that many of the victims were buried alive. His detailed descriptions encourage the power of the imagination to enable readers to become virtual witnesses to the slaughter. The writer’s novella, also set in Ukraine where French prisoners of war are forced to prepare a cemetery for their companions who die in captivity, reaches a stunning conclusion when they accidentally uncover a mass grave containing the bodies of murdered Jews from a nearby village. Their differing approaches that invite the reader into the landscape of death provide a dramatic illustration of how history and literature can collaborate in opening up to future generations avenues of insight into one of the world’s greatest catastrophes.
How Should MDG Success and Failure be Judged: Faster Progress or Achieving the Targets?

Summary This paper addresses the debate about the use of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as performance measures in three ways. First we clarify the concept; like other global goals, the MDGs are benchmarks for gauging progress toward important objectives and should not be treated as planning goals. Second, when used as measures of national performance, the criterion of success should focus on the pace of progress rather than on achieving the targets. Third, we propose an alternative measurement method and find that with this metric, countries of Africa outperform global averages in progress to achieving the MDG targets.
Postnukleotomiesyndrom

Das Postnukleotomiesyndrom zeichnet sich durch die Existenz persistierender und immobilisierender Schmerzen im LWS-Bereich, der Hufte, des Kniegelenks oder des Beins aus. Diese konnen nach einem variablen Zeitraum im Gefolge der Erstoperation auftreten. Der Zeitpunkt des Auftretens ist von eminenter Bedeutung fur die korrekte Diagnostik und Prognose der Erkrankung. Bei postoperativ persistierender Symptomatik ist ublicherweise von einer fehlerhaften Lokalisation des Eingriffs oder einer fehlerhaften Indikation auszugehen. Reprolapse zeigen ein plotzliches, im zeitlichen Abstand von der Erstoperation eintretendes Beschwerdebild. Mit zeitlichem Abstand zur Erstoperation auftretende Ruckenschmerzen weisen auf Storungen der Stabilitat und der Bandscheibenintegritat hin. Therapeutische Masnahmen reichen von konservativer Therapie bei chronischem Schmerzsyndrom bis zu Renukleotomien, Versteifungen und Stabilisierungen bis hin zur Benutzung von Bandscheibenprothesen.
What Is Essential Travel? Socioeconomic Differences in Travel Demand in Columbus, Ohio, during the COVID-19 Lockdown

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly reshaped urban mobility. During the lockdown, workers teleworked if possible and left home only for essential activities. Our study investigates the spatial pat...
Reduced presentations with fractures or orthopaedic infections to a major children's hospital during a national COVID-19 elimination strategy.

BACKGROUND: From 26 March 2020, New Zealand implemented a COVID-19 elimination strategy which initially involved substantive limitations on public movement and assembly, and closure of non-essential businesses. We asked what effect this had on acute paediatric orthopaedic presentations to a tertiary children's hospital. METHOD: The numbers, age and gender of patients with orthopaedic presentations, seen by either the Children's Emergency Department (CED) or the orthopaedic service during the study period, were compared with the equivalent 2019 period. RESULTS: During the first 64 days of lockdown, 708 patients were seen in CED with orthopaedic presentations compared with 1124 patients in the same period in 2019 (37% reduction). We found a 55% reduction in musculoskeletal infections (from 135 to 61), a 40% reduction in total fractures (from 446 to 268) and a 27% reduction in soft tissue injuries (from 520 to 380). In 2020, similar proportions of patients were admitted for operating room procedures (15%) or had fractures reduced under sedation in CED (17%), however, increased numbers of soft tissue injuries were managed through CED under procedural sedation. CONCLUSION: A national COVID-19 elimination strategy, closing all but essential businesses, limiting public movement, physical distancing and focusing on hand hygiene, led to reduced presentations not only with fractures and soft tissue injuries but also musculoskeletal infections. Increased numbers of patients had procedural sedation for soft tissue injuries, but there was no significant change in the proportion of patients admitted for surgery.
Parents' Role in Infants' Language Development and Emergent Literacy

In this chapter, we highlight specific behaviors in parents that positively influence children's language development and emergent literacy. In particular, we point to the importance of parent language that is diverse in word types and communicative functions; parent language that is contingently responsive to infant behaviors; parent language that is coordinated with cues that saliently mark referents for children; parent language that is grammatically complex and attuned to children's growing language skills; and parents' engagement of children in routine activities of book sharing, storytelling, rhyming, drawing, and writing, all of which indoctrinate children into the larger literate society.
Averaging anisotropic elastic constant data

A method of averaging the data on the anisotropic elastic constants of a material is presented. The anisotropic elastic constants are represented by the elasticity tensor which is expressed as a second rank tensor in a space of six dimensions. The method consists of averaging eigenbases of different measurements of the elasticity tensor, then averaging the eigenvalues referred to the average eigenbasis. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained by using a representation of the stress-strain relations due, in principle, to Kelvin [17, 18]. The formulas for the representation of the averaged elasticity tensor are simple and concise. The applications of these formulas are illustrated using previously reported data, and are contrasted with the traditional analysis of the same data by Hearmon [9]. An interesting result that emerges from this analysis is a method dealing with variable composition anisotropic elastic materials whose elastic constants depend upon the particular composition. In the case of porous isotropic materials, for example, it is customary to regress the Young's modulus against porosity. The results of this paper suggest a structure or paradigm for extending to anisotropic materials this empirical method of regressing elastic constant data against composition or porosity.
Abstract W MP115: Clinical, Radiographic, and Outcome Characteristics of Patients with Intracerebral Cavernous Malformations and Seizures

Introduction: Patients with intracerebral cavernous malformations (ICMs) may present with or later develop seizures. There are limited data regarding the clinical demographics of these patients, predictors of medically treatable versus medically refractory seizures, and long term seizure outcome. Objective: We aimed to characterize the clinical and radiographic features of supratentorial ICMs that present with seizures and describe their response to medical treatment. Methods: Patients with supratentorial ICMs were identified from a radiographic database for cases seen between 1989 and 1999. Clinical and radiographic information was abstracted and prospective follow up was obtained. Medically refractory seizures were defined as patients who were not seizure-free at last follow up, or who underwent surgery for refractory seizures. Results: A total of 206 patients were identified with a radiographic diagnosis of supratentorial ICM, 103 (50%) of whom presented with seizures and 7 (3%) who later developed seizures. Compared to those with seizures, patients without seizures were more likely to have a subcortical supratentorial ICM and to be on an antithrombotic agent. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at diagnosis did not predict presentation with seizure at diagnosis. Among the 59 patients treated with antiepileptics only, 16 (27%) were seizure-free at last follow up, 7 of whom no longer required medication and 8 of whom were controlled on a single agent. In the remainder of patients who were not seizure-free, seizure frequency was reduced in 37%, unchanged in 12%, increased in 5%, and unknown in 19%. Of the total 110 patients with seizures, 46 (42%) underwent at least one surgical removal of an ICM for medically refractory seizures. Conclusions: To date this study is one of the largest cohorts of ICM patients with seizures. Seizure is a common presentation in patients with cortical supratentorial ICMs. The presence of ICH at ICM diagnosis is not related to an increased occurrence of seizures at presentation. One-fourth of patients treated with antiepileptics alone eventually become seizure-free, almost half of which do not require medication at follow-up, suggesting that some non-surgical patients may not require life-long antiepileptic therapy.
A Clinical Trial of a Rehabilitation Expert Clinician Versus Usual Care for Providing Manual Wheelchairs

Objectives: To determine the effect of differing methods of dispensing wheelchairs. Design: Quasi-experimental by day of week. Setting: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants: Eighty-four community-dwelling, cognitively intact patients prescribed a standard manual wheelchair. Intervention: A multifactorial intervention consisting of an expert physical/occupational therapist who used a scripted evaluation that included an evaluation based on medical record review and self-reported and physical performance measures; individualization of the wheelchair and initiation of orders for additional occupational/physical therapy, equipment, or home modifications as needed; multimodal patient education; and telephone follow-up at 3 and 6 weeks. Measurements: The primary outcome was amount of wheelchair use. Secondary outcomes were shoulder pain, wheelchair comfort and confidence, and home modifications. Results: The intervention group had significantly greater wheelchair use than usual care at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (P=.01). Wheelchair use declined monotonically over time for the entire study sample (P<.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in shoulder pain, wheelchair comfort or confidence, or home modifications. Conclusion: New wheelchair owners used the wheelchair more often if they received it from an expert therapist using a multifactorial intervention.
Sleep disturbance in family caregivers of individuals with dementia: a review of the literature.

Purpose This paper will review published evidence regarding health outcomes and factors associated with caregivers' sleep disturbance. Design and Methods Searches were conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO using various keywords. Findings We evaluated 138 abstracts and reviewed 18 articles. Depression is the most reported factor influencing caregivers' sleep. Additional factors are caregivers' psychological distress, demographic, and care recipients' characteristics. Health outcomes of sleep disturbance include poor mental and physical health, reduced quality of life, and elevated coagulation and inflammation levels. Practice Implications Clinicians should screen caregivers' sleep quality so they can assist them with suggestions on maintaining their health while performing caregiving tasks.
Markers of upper airway inflammation associated with microbial exposure and symptoms in occupants of a water‐damaged building

Background Water damage in buildings has been associated with reports of upper airway inflammation among occupants. Methods This survey included a questionnaire, allergen skin testing, nasal nitric oxide, and nasal lavage on 153 participants. We conducted exposure assessments of 297 workstations and analyzed collected dust for fungi, endotoxin, and (1 3)-β-D-glucan to create floor-specific averages. Results Males had higher levels of nasal inflammatory markers, and females reported more symptoms. ECP, IL-8, and MPO were significantly associated with nasal symptoms, flu-like achiness, or chills. Fungi and glucan were positively associated with blowing out thick mucus. Endotoxin was significantly associated with ECP in overall models, and with ECP, IL-8, MPO, and neutrophils among non-atopic females. Conclusions In this study, we documented an association between endotoxin and nasal inflammatory markers among office workers. The results of our study suggest that a non-allergic response may contribute to symptoms occurring among occupants in this water-damaged building. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:522–530, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of automotive conducted electrical transients

Recent bench-level tests for evaluating the electromagnetic-interference (EMI) signal susceptibility characteristics of electrical/electronic components, are reported. In-vehicle-generated EMI transients, captured at sources and receivers in a vehicle that had no known EMI problems, were analyzed. Frequency-domain spectra were compared with the spectra of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) waveforms. Results show that by comparing the spectra of measured transients with those from the standards, realistic waveform amplitudes can be set to reflect transient levels prevalent in a late-model automobile. >
Building Mound A at Poverty Point, Louisiana: Monumental Public Architecture, Ritual Practice, and Implications for Hunter‐Gatherer Complexity

Hunter-gatherer societies are often characterized by limited complexity and social equality. Therefore, the construction of monumental architecture by hunter-gatherers is seen as the manifestation of social and political inequality. The massive size and rapid construction of Mound A at Poverty Point (ca. 3261 cal. yr B.P.) in northeast Louisiana challenges these notions. Geoarchaeological investigations of stratigraphy at the macro- and micro-levels shows there are no erosion events, natural episodes of soil formation, or cultural stages. We infer from these results that Mound A was constructed by a large labor force over a short period of time. There is no evidence, however, that the mound was constructed under the aegis of a ranked socio-political system. We argue instead that the mound was constructed as a ritual feature and that leadership required to mobilize labor and resources was situational and emerged through ritual practice that developed because of the need to integrate a large population.
Parallelization of the DAO Atmospheric General Circulation Model

In this paper we present a parallel Atmospheric General Circulation Model currently under development at the NASA Data Assimilation Office. The constituent simulation parameterizations of the AGCM are briefly described, and the parallelization strategy discussed. The key performance obstacles to attaining target benchmarks are treated, as well as our plans for code optimization. We also present the most current benchmarks arising from the this High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Grand Challenge project.
Nickel toxicity to fungi: influence of environmental factors.

Abstract The toxicity of nickel (Ni) to the mycelial growth rates of filamentous fungi was influenced by environmental abiotic factors. Increasing the pH from acidic to alkaline levels completely eliminated the toxicity of Ni to Achyla sp. and Saprolegnia sp. Magnesium or zinc, but not potassium, sodium, calcium, or ferric, ions reduced the toxicity of Ni to Achyla sp. An antagonistic interaction between a combination of Ni + Pb was noted toward growth of Achyla sp. and Saprolegnia sp.; the interactions between combinations of Ni + Cd or Ni + Hg were less well defined. Chlorophyll, at 1%, reduced the toxicity of Ni toward Saprolegnia sp. and Cunninghamella blakesleeana, and increasing the chlorophyll concentration from 0.2 to 1% progressively reduced the toxicity of Ni to Aspergillus clavatus. The addition of 1% humic acid reduced the toxicity of Ni to Saprolegnia sp. and C. blakesleeana, and increasing the humic acid concentration from 0.2 to 1% progressively reduced the toxicity of Ni toward Aspergillus flavus. A. flavus was more resistant to Ni at 33 than at 23°C.
TU‐A‐351‐01: Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current Trends, Challenges and Perspectives for Pathological Imaging

The utilization of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the study of animal models of human pathology began more than 30 years ago. The continual advancement of imaging technology along with the increasing demand for tools to non‐invasively and serially assess disease progression and/or regression in small animals has driven this field forward since its inception. Standard clinical MRI scans primarily focus on disease detection and are based on anatomical and morphological abnormalities, whereas small animalMRI studies center on the serial characterization of the morphological, functional and molecular properties of diseased tissue. Small animalMRI studies often employ novel contrast mechanisms and exogenous chemical reagents, higher magnetic field strengths, higher spatial resolution and multi‐modality imaging but are complicated by issues such as low signal‐to‐noise ratios, enhanced sensitivity to respiratory and susceptibility artifacts, anesthesia‐induced alterations of disease physiology and demanding data processing requirements. This lecture will provide an overview of the role of small animalMRI in studying human disease, the technical and experimental challenges of such studies and how it could be used in the future to impact clinical treatment planning. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the role small animalMRI plays in understanding human disease and its impact on the development and validation of novel therapeutic strategies. 2. Understand the issues and challenges related to a small animalMRIexperiment including design, data acquisition and processing. 3. Understand the future directions and potential advancements currently being pursued in small animalMRI.
Measuring personal values that are specific to eating: Reliability, factors, and eating pattern correlates

Eating disorders, particularly weight control disorders, appear resistant to long-term modification. While personal values have been shown to influence long-term behavior, their influence on eating patterns has not been studied because of the lack of an instrument to measure those values that are specific to eating. The Eating Values Survey (EVS) was created to measure priorities given to 21 eating-related values, such as sensory qualities of food, the experience of hunger, socializing with others, body appearance, nutritional contribution to health, etc. Responses of 109 male and 99 female university students to the EVS were found stable over a 2-week period and revealed five factors, identified as Gusto, Easy Necessity, Orderliness, Gourmet, and Social Approval. EVS scores also correlated significantly with such self-reported eating disorder variables as being overweight and self-induced vomiting. Sex differences in eating values appeared matters of emphasis rather than of distinction.
The determinants of public versus private provision of Emergency Medical Services

Abstract Competition for the provision of local public services often involves mixing private firms and public agencies. Predicting competitive outcomes therefore requires identifying the productive and strategic advantages of different organizational configurations: pure public, pure private or a public–private mix. We consider a make-versus-buy decision in a government procurement context by identifying the strength of public agencies as having an inherent advantage in accessing local infrastructure while private firms are identified as having a superior incentive to exploit returns to scale technologies due to their ability to service multiple localities. We focus on the choice of system configuration for the provision of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), a socially important service which benefits from infrastructural synergies as well as technological improvements (i.e. medical quality). We test our predictions on a panel data set of the 200 largest US cities and find that smaller cities and poorer access to hospitals favor the mixed public–private configuration in the provision of EMS.
Mechanisms promoting escape from mitotic stress-induced tumor cell death.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is notorious for its paltry responses to first-line therapeutic regimens. In contrast to acquired chemoresistance, little is known about the molecular underpinnings of the intrinsic resistance of chemo-naive NSCLC. Here we report that intrinsic resistance to paclitaxel in NSCLC occurs at a cell-autonomous level due to the uncoupling of mitotic defects from apoptosis. To identify components that permit escape from mitotic stress-induced death, we employed a genome-wide RNAi-based strategy, which combines a high-throughput toxicity screen with a live-cell imaging platform to measure mitotic fate. This strategy revealed that prolonging mitotic arrest with a small molecule inhibitor of the APC/Cyclosome could sensitize otherwise paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC. We also defined novel roles for CASC1 and TRIM69 in supporting resistance to spindle poisons. CASC1, which is frequently co-amplified with KRAS in lung tumors, is essential for microtubule polymerization and satisfaction of the spindle assembly checkpoint. TRIM69, which associates with spindle poles and promotes centrosomal clustering, is essential for formation of a bipolar spindle. Notably, RNAi-mediated attenuation of CASC1 or TRIM69 was sufficient to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that tumor evolution selects for a permissive mitotic checkpoint, which may promote survival despite chromosome segregation errors. Attacking this adaptation may restore the apoptotic consequences of mitotic damage to permit the therapeutic eradication of drug-resistant cancer cells.
Parents' beliefs about children's reactions to divorce: the development of an assessment instrument.

A sample of 109 parents from a nonclinical population completed the Perceptions of Divorce Impact (PODI) questionnaire. The development of the 99-item PODI is reported; 15 subscales defining different areas of divorce impact upon 6–12-year-old children demonstrated solid internal consistency and reliability. Parents as a group believe divorce has a negative impact upon children. However, parents ( N = 36) who had experienced divorce or were separated consistently believed there were less negative effects than did parents from intact homes ( N = 73) and a small group of child clinicians ( N = 10) working in a Divorce Project. Intact home parents and clinicians did not differ from each other. These findings suggest that divorced/separated parents even within nonclinical populations may need to minimize the potential problematic sequelae of divorce in children. Clinical application of the PODI in preventive intervention programs is considered.
Improved conductivity of transparent single-wall carbon nanotube thin films via stable postdeposition functionalization

A simple postdeposition method for improving the conductivity of transparent and conducting single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films via exposure to nitric acid and thionyl chloride is reported. A systematic study on a range of films of variable density and from different commercial sources of SWNTs is performed. The functionalized films possess sheet resistances as low as that of indium tin oxide (ITO) (∼30Ω∕◻) albeit at lower transmittance (∼50%). At 80±5% transmittance, the functionalized films have resistance values ranging from 150to300Ω∕◻. The SWNT films, however, are more flexible than ITO. The stability of the functionalized films upon annealing and processing in solvents (water, methanol, and chloroform) is also reported.
The Current State of Group Work Education in U.S. Graduate Schools of Social Work

Social work has historically recognized group work as a core practice methodology; however, group work’s prominence within the graduate curriculum has diminished over the years. This article reports the results of a national survey of accredited U.S. MSW programs’ curricular offerings in group work. The survey replicates and builds upon a 1994 Birnbaum and Auerbach study to identify changes and trends over this 20-year period. Overall, a further decline in group work curricular offerings was found. Strategies to renew and bolster commitment to group work education are offered.
Critical Toxicity Reference System I. An Approach for Managing Quantitative Toxicity Data

The Critical Toxicity Reference (CTR) system is an approach for managing quantitative toxicity data. The essential components of this system include a thorough search of available literature, abstraction of information from selected references, entry of information into a computerized database, searching the database for specific types of studies, and reporting data in a form usable for direct analysis. The CTR system was developed in response to the need for quantitative use of data from animal studies in setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and the first application was the criteria pollutant ozone. Animal toxicity studies provide most information on health effects of ozone exposure. However, the data have been used only qualitatively for setting the NAAQS. A primary reason for this limited utilization is the lack of a method for combining results from different studies to present a comprehensive analysis of any given health effect observed upon ozone exposure. The CTR system deals wi...
The management of breast feeding among infants with phenylketonuria.

Treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) involves using low phenylalanine or phenylalanine-free formulas and supplementation with sufficient phenylalanine for normal growth and development. Eighteen infants with phenylketonuria who received breast milk as their primary phenylalanine source were compared with ten other infants with PKU who received their phenylalanine primarily from infant formulas. There were no significant differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants for serum phenylalanine, serum tyrosine, length, weight, head circumference, haematocrit, haemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, percentage iron saturation, ferritin, plasma zinc and total calorie intake. Breast-fed infants did show lower mean corpuscular volume at 3 months and 6 months of age. Breast-fed infants had lower phenylalanine intake at 2, 4, 5 and 6 months of age. Breast-fed infants at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age had lower protein intake. Breast feeding may be continued in the newly diagnosed phenylketonuric infant without any apparent adverse nutritional consequences.
Complement Dependence of Human Serum Toxicity for Melanoma S91 Cells

SummaryEvidence is presented indicating that viable cells, freshly prepared from a solid mouse melanoma, are killed when reacted with normal human serum. Serum cytotoxicity was shown to be complement dependent by 1) heat lability, 2) residual complement testing, and 3) through diminution by reacting the serum with a secondary antigen for which it has a demonstrable antibody. Apparent absorption of toxicity from VDRL-reactive human sera by VDRL antigen was shown to be due to concomitant depletion of complement. The toxicity factor could not be correlated with “Wassermann” antibody or the sheep red blood cell antibody content of the sera. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity could not be related to recent antibiotic therapy or clinically manifest venereal disease of the serum donors.
Thermodynamics of Fermions in One Dimension with a δ-Function Interaction

The equilibrium thermodynamics of a one-dimensional fermion system with a repulsive $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function interaction is found to be derivable from the solution of a set of coupled integral equations. The equations for the attractive case are also given.