cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal profile, phenotypic diversity, and fate of recruited monocytes into the post-ischemic brain

A key feature of the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia is the brain infiltration of blood monocytes. There are two main monocyte subsets in the mouse blood: CCR2+Ly6Chi “inflammatory” monocytes involved in acute inflammation, and CX3CR1+Ly6Clo “patrolling” monocytes, which may play a role in repair processes. We hypothesized that CCR2+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes are recruited in the early phase after ischemia and transdifferentiate into CX3CR1+Ly6Clo “repair” macrophages in the brain. CX3CR1GFP/+CCR2RFP/+ bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Mice were sacrificed from 1 to 28 days later to phenotype and map subsets of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ) in the brain over time. Flow cytometry analysis 3 and 14 days after MCAo in CCR2−/− mice, which exhibit deficient monocyte recruitment after inflammation, and NR4A1−/− BM chimeric mice, which lack circulating CX3CR1+Ly6Clo monocytes, was also performed. Brain mapping of CX3CR1GFP/+ and CCR2RFP/+ cells 3 days after MCAo showed absence of CX3CR1GFP/+ Mo/MΦ but accumulation of CCR2RFP/+ Mo/MΦ throughout the ischemic territory. On the other hand, CX3CR1+ cells accumulated 14 days after MCAo at the border of the infarct core where CCR2RFP/+ accrued. Whereas the amoeboid morphology of CCR2RFP/+ Mo/MΦ remained unchanged over time, CX3CR1GFP/+ cells exhibited three distinct phenotypes: amoeboid cells with retracted processes, ramified cells, and perivascular elongated cells. CX3CR1GFP/+ cells were positive for the Mo/MΦ marker Iba1 and phenotypically distinct from endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. Because accumulation of CX3CR1+Ly6Clo Mo/MΦ was absent in the brains of CCR2 deficient mice, which exhibit deficiency in CCR2+Ly6Chi Mo/MΦ recruitment, but not in NR4A1−/− chimeric mice, which lack of circulating CX3CR1+Ly6Clo monocytes, our data suggest a local transition of CCR2+Ly6Chi Mo/MΦ into CX3CR1+Ly6Clo Mo/MΦ phenotype. CX3CR1+Ly6Clo arise in the brain parenchyma from CCR2+Ly6Chi Mo/MΦ rather than being de novo recruited from the blood. These findings provide new insights into the trafficking and phenotypic diversity of monocyte subtypes in the post-ischemic brain.
Pediatric Diffuse Lung Disease

Pediatric diffuse parenchymal lung diseases comprise a rare and heterogeneous group of chronic lung disorders characterized clinically by dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, and hypoxemia and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While often equated with interstitial lung disease, involvement of the alveoli, airways, blood vessels, lymphatic channels, and pleural spaces in addition to the interstitium is in fact common. Advances in imaging, improved thoracoscopic lung biopsy techniques, and a revised classification system by the Children’s Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) Research Cooperative have improved understanding of these disorders. Chest radiography (CXR) is the first-line imaging modality. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is preferred, helping to make the diagnosis or differential diagnosis and guide further diagnostic testing.
CHAPTER II – Energy

It was just five years later, in 1842, that Dr. Julius Robert Mayer, practicing physician in the little German town of Heilbronn, published a paper in Liebig's Annalen on “The Forces of Inorganic Nature,” in which not merely the mechanical theory of heat, but the entire doctrine of conservation of energy, is explicitly if briefly stated. Two years earlier, Dr. Mayer, while surgeon to a Dutch India vessel cruising in the tropics, had observed that the venous blood of a patient seemed redder than venous blood usually is observed to be in temperate climates. He pondered over this seemingly insignificant fact, and at last reached the conclusion that the cause must be the lesser amount of oxidation required to keep up the body temperature in the tropics. Led by this reflection to consider the body as a machine dependent on outside forces for its capacity to act, he passed on into a novel realm of thought, which brought him at last to independent discovery of the mechanical theory of heat, and to the first full and comprehensive appreciation of the great law of conservation. Bloodletting, the modern physician holds, was a practice of very doubtful benefit, as a rule, to the subject; but once, at least, it led to marvellous results. No straw is so small that it may not point the receptive mind of genius to new and wonderful truths.
Mining Unusual Search Behavior Related to Physical Events

Search logs of commercial search engines like Bing or Google reflect the topics of interest in humans at any given point of time. While many of these topics are predictable information needs, some are unusual and point to a curious human mind. In this paper, we propose a novel solution for mining unusual search behaviors triggered by some recent physical events using Bing search logs. Our algorithm successfully identified unusual search behaviors related to physical events during 2016. We define unusual-relatedness and use crowdsource judgment to evaluate quality of our results along with a qualitative analysis. Our results show a 9.5 times improvement over baseline.
On the robustness of Fitts' Law

Fitts' Law (Fitts, 1954: J Exp Psychol) discovered the logarithmic relation between the ratio of distance and target width with movement time, such that T = a + b Log2 (2D/W). In the present paper I explore the ramifications of Fitts Law. First, the classic paper by Carlton (1994: J Mot Behav) shows that Fitts' Law behaviour is not related to the linear speed-accuracy trade-off (Schmidt, et al. 1979: Psychol Rev). We then present two new experiments that show that individual differences in Fitts' Law performance are correlated. Finally, it is demonstrated that linear speed accuracy trade-off performance is related to Fitts' Law performance. Thus, although these two relations are mathematically distinct, a common principle relates the two tasks. Possible explanatory mechanisms are discussed.
Characterization of Crack Tip Plasticity in IN-617 Using Indentation and Nano-Mechanical Raman Spectroscopy

This research focuses on work with emphasis on direct measurements of stresses during mesoscale microstructural deformation of nickel based super alloys during 3-point bending tests at elevated temperatures. A novel nano-mechanical Raman spectroscopy measurement platform was designed for temperature, stress, and chemistry mapping at micro to nano-scale for different temperature and loading conditions. During the 3-point bending test, notch tip plastic stresses as a function of microstructure, load, and temperature, with micron scale resolution were measured. The temperature field distribution was correlated to stress distribution and residual microstructure stresses around the area of the notch tip. Grain boundaries are the stress concentrated area but with lower temperature due to the contact thermal resistant. Grain boundary slide or grain rotation can result in stress concentration but enhance the ability of heat conduction and result in lower temperature. The mechanical properties which include the elastic modulus, hardness and stress-strain relation at the plastic zone around the notch tip were also measured. Instead of considering actual grain structures with different material properties, a new FE method was adopted to predict stress distribution applying the material properties which were obtained from indentation experiments around the same notch area as scanning. Predictions from theory and simulations matched closely in stress concentration area with experimental measurements. However, away from notch area a slight deviation due to microstructural effects was observed.
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism As a Predictor of Mortality in Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.

Background Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is a fibrotic parenchymal lung disease that occurs when inhalation of environmental antigens leads to immune dysregulation. Autoimmune features have recently been identified as potentially important among patients with CHP. However, the relationship between hypothyroidism (HT) and CHP is unknown. In this study, we investigate the prevalence and impact of HT among patients with CHP. Methods We conducted a retrospective, case-control analysis. We identified 121 patients at the University of Chicago Interstitial Lung Disease Center with a multi-disciplinary diagnosis of CHP. These patients were matched 3:1 according to age, sex, and race, to 363 control subjects with asthma from 2006–2015. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival between both groups and assessed the relationship of HT with CHP. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Patients with CHP had higher prevalence of HT (25.6%, n=31) compared to controls (10.7%, n=39; OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.62-4.99; P<0.0001). Compared to CHP alone, patients with CHP/HT were more likely to be female (80.6% vs 51.1%, P=0.004), have increased incidence of autoimmune disease (19.4% vs 3.3%, P=0.009), antinuclear antibody seropositivity (80.6% vs 57.0%, P=0.019), and higher TSH levels (4.0mIU/L vs 1.9mIU/L, P<0.0001). HT was a significant independent predictor of mortality among CHP patients with seropositive ANA (HR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.31-8.80; P=0.012). Conclusions HT is common in patients with CHP and may carry prognostic significance in patients with features of autoimmunity. Further research exploring common pathogenic pathways between autoimmune HT and CHP may illuminate the association of HT with survival.
EDITORIAL: SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY: WHAT PROGRESS HAVE WE MADE? ARE REFINEMENTS NEEDED?

tract, we have come to realize that limitations exist with the use of shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy. Moreover, we have learned that the first-generation Dornier HM3 lithotriptor, while extremely effective in fragmenting calculi, is not without potential deleterious effects. Numerous studies have sought to identify improvements in shock wave lithotripsy technology as well as refinements in technique that might improve efficacy of stone fragmentation and removal, while limiting the potential for renal injury following treatment. Four articles in this issue of the Journal address the concerns of efficacy, safety and limitations of shock wave lithotripsy. Shortly after development of the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor, a number of companies rushed to develop so-called second and third generation lithotriptors. These new devices offered improvements in patient handling and decreased anesthesia requirements. ’-’ However, studies comparing the second and third generation devices found that these new lithotriptors may be limited in treatment efficacy compared to the first generation machine^.^.^ In a review of almost 14,000 patients treated with first and second generation lithotriptors, Cass (page 588) suggests that the Medstone STS lithotriptor offers comparable treatment efficacy compared to the first generation Dornier HM3 device with improved access to treat ureteral calculi. These results are particularly interesting, since the investigation was performed by 180 practicing urologists using mobile lithotripsy units. One should not be surprised with these results, since both machines use similar lithotripsy technology, that is ellipsoid-focused shock waves with spark-gap generators. In addition, anesthesia requirements for the 2 devices were similar. However, it is reassuring to note that, with appropriate alterations in technique, many of the second generation lithotripsy devices can offer results comparable to those of the so-called gold standard Dornier HM3 unit. One such technique refinement has been to decrease the lithotripsy treatment time by increasing the rate of shock wave administration. Increased numbers of shock waves have been administered by ungating the shock wave to the electrocardiogram, pharmacologically increasing the heart rate as well as using a “double shock” technique, which has been investigated in Europe.’-’” Using a second generation spark-gap lithotriptor, Winters and Macaluso (page 593) attempted to improve lithotripsy efficiency by ungating the lithotriptor from the electrocardiogram monitor. Of the patients undergoing ungated lithotripsy, 20 to 30% had cardiac arrhythmias that subsequently resolved by placing the patient back on gated lithotripsy. Unfortunately, this ungated technique saved only 3 to 4 minutes in actual treatment time. While the incidence of serious arrhythmias was low, one could surely argue that this minimal saving in treatment
How Data Intergration Systems Affect Strategic Decision Making in Small Firms

Small companies increasingly use computer information systems to gather data to improve decision correctness. Therefore, it is important to determine if a type of information system is effective. We focused on systems which integrate data from multiple sources. Although unquestionably aiding large firm managers, integrated data systems may not help smaller firms. The managers may have better knowledge across functional areas. We, therefore, explore, in a small company context, the relationship among data integration systems, information availability and strategic decision correctness. We collected data from the managing partners of 97 small accounting firms, and found that data integration systems increased information availability, which, in turn, increased the correctness of decisions. The control variables, aligning systems with strategy and technological strength enhanced information availability, but surprisingly, greater investment in systems actually decreased it. Collectively, these findings suggest the type of system is more important than the amount invested.
Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

Lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (i.e., acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma or ALL) is the most common type of cancer in childhood. The age-adjusted incidence rate is 3.1/100,000 in children, so approximately 2500–3000 children are diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) each year in the United States). Approximately 80–85% of the cases are B-ALL and 10–15% are T-ALL (Table 9.1). Approximately 75% of ALL occurs in children under 6 years old, but it can occur at any age [1, 2]. Patients typically present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia-related signs and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, easy bruising, bleeding, and infection. Genetic factors play important roles in cancer initiation. Age, WBC count at disease presentation and genetic aberrations dictate risk stratification.
On Russian Political Culture in the Twentieth Century

This chapter briefly reviews how the major characteristics of political culture in 1936 evolved in other periods. I compare my findings of the 1930s with the main conclusions made by selected but representative sociological and historical studies regarding the postrevolutionary period, postwar period, late Soviet period, and modern Russia. This review shows the continuity of political culture.
A comparison of strengthening mechanisms in rolled and axisymmetrically deformed Ti-20Y composites

Two Ti-20%Y metal-metal composites were deformation processed: one axisymmetrically and the other by rolling. The microstructures, preferred crystallographic orientations, and tensile strengths of each were measured periodically as the deformation progressed. The axisymmetrically deformed Ti matrix developed a [10 $$\bar 1$$ 0] fiber texture, and the rolled composite acquired a texture with the tilted 31° from the sheet normal toward the transverse direction with [10 $$\bar 1$$ 0] parallel to the rolling direction. The orientations of the {10 $$\bar 1$$ 0}<11 $$\bar 2$$ 0> and (0002)<11 $$\bar 2$$ 0> slip systems in Ti with these textures were used in conjunction with the maximum possible slip distances for dislocation travel in each specimen to demonstrate that the axisymmetrically deformed material should be stronger than the rolled material for composites of equal phase thickness and spacing. The strengths of the two composites measured in this study were compared at similar microstructural phase sizes and spacings, and the axisymmetrically deformed composite was indeed found to be somewhat stronger, although the difference in strengths was not large.
IS YOUR NEXT YOUNG PATIENT PRE-ANOREXIC OR PRE-BULIMIC ?

Eating disorders often have their roots in the preteen years. Pediatric dentists may provide the initial warning for the care of these youngsters. An introduction is provided to the demographics, diagnosis, and treatment of anorexic and bulimic young females (primarily) and males.
Structural determination of testosterone esters in oil injectables by thermospray mass spectrometry.

In the absence of analytical reference standards, the combination of thermospray and collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry has been utilized to separate and identify the presence of several esters of testosterone in imported oil injectables. Structural identifications were based on generic daughter ions considered diagnostic of the steroidal ring structure of these anabolic steroids as well as daughter ions representative of the ester alkyl or aryl side chains,
What Would the Beloved Community Look Like? An Examination of Mitigation Strategies by Design

The purpose of the chapter is to discuss how design can be used to mitigate segregation and what might Dr. King’s beloved community look like in the twenty-first century. The research of Lynch (1960), Jacobs (1961), Arnstein (1969), Farr (2007), Soja (2010), Fainstein (2011) and Gehl (2013) informed this focus group agenda. While the original intent for the conversation was to explore ways in which integration could be achieved, the participants expanded the dialogue by identifying the characteristics of an ideal community regardless of whether it was integrated or not. Three main themes emerged in the conversation. One, design is a reflection of policy. Two, design should promote economic diversity. Three, design should ultimately lead to equal opportunity. In the accompanying essay, “Mitigation Strategies: What My Practice Has Taught Me about Rebuilding Communities,” Michael Willis draws upon his career as an architect to identify the elements of an ideal community. For him, what poor African Americans want is a quality place to live which they have been deprived of. Unlike the massive public housing projects of the 1950s and 1960s that were situated inside desolate super blocks, Willis maintains that low-income African Americans want communities built at a human scale, walkable, with access to amenities, green spaces and transportation.
U.S. Supreme Court Brief of Amica Curiae Leandra Lederman in Ballard v. Commissioner, in Support of Petitioners

One of the questions in this case is whether the Tax Court effectively can shield from appellate review the work of its Special Trial Judges in the largest cases over which those judges preside, cases heard under Tax Court Rule 183. Internal Revenue Code § 7482(a) provides, in relevant part, that “[t]he United States Courts of Appeals . . . shall have exclusive jurisdiction to review the decisions of the Tax Court . . . in the same manner and to the same extent as decisions of the district courts in civil actions tried without a jury . . . .” I.R.C. § 7482(a)(1). The Tax Court’s current practice of keeping the reports of Special Trial Judges in Rule 183 cases out of the record on appeal violates this statute because it renders the United States Courts of Appeals incapable of reviewing Tax Court decisions “to the same extent” as bench trials in the district courts.
CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells control effector T cell responses to murine cytomegalovirus (VIR10P.1169)

Human cytomegalovirus causes a persistent, lifelong infection. The virus persists in a latent state and undergoes intermittent subclinical viral reactivation. Such reactivation drives the accumulation of “inflationary” T cells that suppress viral replication. While T cells are critical to maintain control of infection, the factors that prevent T cells from driving complete viral elimination remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in a mouse model of persistent CMV infection using FoxP3-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice. FoxP3-DTR mice were infected with murine CMV (MCMV) and then Treg were depleted via administration of DT several months later. Treg depletion resulted in a dramatic increase in the numbers of MCMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the spleen which functionally, produced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-2. Strikingly, Treg depletion led to a significant decrease in splenic viral load. We are initiating experiments using a spleen viral reactivation assay, to determine the effect of Treg depletion on latent virus. Combined, these data suggest that Treg promote persistent MCMV infection, in part, by suppressing T cell activation.
Superior ion release properties and antibacterial efficacy of nanostructured zeolites ion-exchanged with zinc, copper, and iron

Antimicrobial zeolites ion-exchanged with inexpensive transition metal ions (such as zinc, copper, and iron) are critically important for a broader adoption of the materials for public health applications. Due to the high surface area and small particle sizes, nanozeolites are particularly promising in enhancing the efficacy of the zeolite-based antimicrobial materials. By using highly-crystalline nanostructured zeolites (FAU) with textural mesoporosity, we report a comprehensive study on the materials characteristics of zinc-, copper-, and iron-ion exchanged nanozeolites, the ion release properties, and antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as a comparison of the properties to those obtained for the corresponding microsized zeolites. Superior ion release properties were observed for both zinc and copper ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X, with ion release up to 73% for zinc and 36% for copper of their initial loadings, as compared to 50% and 12%, respectively, for the corresponding microsized zeolites, validating the importance of nanostructuring for enhanced ion diffusion through zeolite pore channels. The 2 hours minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in saline for the copper ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X was 32 μg mL−1, half the corresponding microsized zeolite X MBC of 64 μg mL−1. Our results established nanostructured zeolite X as a superior host material for metal ion-based antimicrobials, with the aforementioned improvements for copper-exchanged nanozeolites compared to previous studies.
Method of predicting course stability and turning qualities of ships

Abstract : An analytical method combining simplified potential flow theory and low aspect-ratio wing theory with empirical modifications for a real viscous fluid is used to predict the stability derivatives (first order hydrodynamic force and moment derivatives) of a family of hulls in order to estimate the dependence of geometric characteristics of course stability and turning or steering qualities. The hulls are Taylor Standard Series forms with after deadwood re moved and have the same length and prismatic coefficient but varying length-draft and beam draft ratios and skeg area. Comparison between the values calculated by this method and those obtained from experimental measurements shows good agreement. The analytical method can predict the relative effects of the geometrical characteristics. Calculated magnitudes are slightly different from the experimental. How ever, since the hulls tested have the same prismatic, the empirical modification for the rotary moment derivative which is a function of prismatic coefficient was fully tested.
Medial Temporal Encephalocele and Medically Intractable Epilepsy: A Tailored Inferior Temporal Lobectomy and Case Report

Background and importance Temporal lobe encephaloceles are increasingly recognized as a potential cause of medically refractory epilepsy and surgical treatment has proven effective. Resection of the encephalocele and associated cortex is often sufficient to provide seizure control. However, it is difficult to determine the extent of adjacent temporal lobe that should be resected. We present a case report and our technique of a tailored inferior temporal pole resection. Clinical presentation A 32-yr-old man with an 11-yr history of medically refractory epilepsy. Prolonged electroencephalography (EEG) revealed frequent left and rare right frontotemporal sharp waves. Numerous seizures were captured with EEG, all of which originated from the left temporal region. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) subtraction ictal-interictal SPECT coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (SISCOM) demonstrated ictal hyperperfusion in the anterior left temporal lobe. MRI showed 2 encephaloceles in the left anterior temporal lobe with the accompanying bony defects in the floor of the middle cranial fossa apparent on the computed tomography scan. The patient underwent left temporal craniotomy with intraoperative electrocorticography, resection of the encephaloceles, and a tailored inferior temporal lobectomy (IFTL) and repair of the middle fossa defects. At 7 mo follow up he reported seizure-freedom since surgery. Conclusion Resection of temporal encephalocele and adjacent cortex is safe and effective procedure for select patients with medically refractory epilepsy. This video demonstrates our technique which provides a more standardized approach to the resection.
AB1317 WHAT IS A TOTAL KNEE OR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FAILURE? A PATIENT PERSPECTIVE USING NOMINAL GROUPS

Background Total joint replacements (TJR) are commonly performed elective surgeries for people with end-stage arthritis. However, there is relative lack of qualitative research to define the patient perspective of what constitutes a failure of TJR Objectives To discover when a TJR is considered a failure from the patients’ perspective using nominal group technique (NGT). Methods Patients who had undergone elective total hip (THR) and/or knee replacements (TKR) met in nominal groups to answer the question “When would you consider a knee or hip replacement to be a failure?”. Patients competed questionnaires including demographics, pain, function, and satisfaction, independently listed their ideas and then ranked them with the group after clarification. Results Six groups with 35 patients were held, all of whom had undergone THR and/or TKR between 2016 and 2018. Of these, 42% were male, 17% black (Table 1). Overall pain and function scores were high; Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) JR 95.3 (SD+/-11) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) JR 83.7 (SD+/-12.8) (range 0-100, higher score=less pain/functional limitation), and 86.1% were very/somewhat satisfied with their quality of life. The concerns ranked highest by the patients equating a TJR failure were A) refractory index joint pain (67 votes); B) unable to resume normal activities or go back to work (38 votes); C) minimal or no improvement in quality of life (24 votes); D) post-operative adverse events (40 votes); E) early revision surgery (32 votes); F) death (7 votes); G) expectation-outcome mismatch (1 vote); continuing secondary depression (1 vote) (Table 2). Conclusion Poor results for pain, function, quality of life, or adverse events are the outcomes ranked highest by patients, defining TJR failure from the patients’ perspective. Disclosure of Interests jasvinder singh Shareholder of: Amarin pharmaceuticals and Viking therapeutics, Consultant for: Crealta/Horizon, Fidia, UBM LLC, Medscape, WebMD, the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology, Bella Mehta: None declared, Serene Mirza: None declared, Mark Figgie: None declared, Peter Sculco: None declared, Michael Parks Grant/research support from: Zimmer Biomet, Employee of: Zimmer Biomet, Susan Goodman Grant/research support from: Novartis: research support, Consultant for: Novartis, UCB, Pfizer: consulting
Abstract 2151: Monitoring AMP Concentration,the universal product of diverse enzymatic reactions

Many enzymatic reactions use Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a substrate and produce adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as the common product of these reactions. AMP also functions as a modulator of many enzymes and a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction. For example, by activating AMP-Dependent protein kinase (AMPK), it maintains the energy charge ratio at optimal level during metabolic activities; and its concentration is altered during disregulated disease conditions. Thus, monitoring the activities of these enzymes is a primary goal for developing modulators for these enzymes. Here, we demonstrate the versatility of an enzyme coupled assay that quantifies the amount of AMP produced by any enzymatic reactions regardless of its substrates in a homogenous and high through-put formatted form. We successfully implemented it to enzyme reactions that use ATP as a substrate (aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and DNA ligase) by first depleting the remaining residual ATP substrate and converting AMP produced into ATP, the later can be quantified using luciferase/luciferin and generating light. We also tested this assay to measure direct activities of AMP generating enzymes that do not require ATP as substrate, including phosphodiesterases (cAMP) and E.coli DNA ligases (NAD+). In a further elaboration of the AMP-Glo platform, we coupled it to E.coli DNA ligase, enabling measurement of NAD+ and enzymes that use NAD+ like mono- and poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases. Sulfotransferases use 39-phosphoadenosine-59-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as the universal sulfo-group donor and phosphoadenosine-59-phosphate (PAP) is the universal product. PAP can be quantified by converting PAP to AMP by a Golgi-resident PAP-specific phosphatase, IMPAD1. By coupling IMPAD1 to the AMP-Glo system we can measure the activities of sulfotransferases. In summary, we have developed a very strong platform to monitor AMP concentrations that is applicable to diverse enzymatic reactions. Citation Format: Said A. Goueli, Kevin Hsiao, Subhanjan Mondal. Monitoring AMP Concentration,the universal product of diverse enzymatic reactions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2151.
8 How often do academic and community medical centers in the united states convey overdiagnosis on lung cancer screening websites compared to benefits and other harms

Objectives The USPSTF recommends lung cancer screening to adults aged 55 to 80 years who are current or former heavy smokers. Guidelines also recommend a thorough patient understanding of harms, including overdiagnosis, prior to screening. Many US medical centers, both academic and community, have screening programs and publish information about screening on their websites. Because websites could influence patients’ perceptions of screening benefits and harms, and subsequent decisions, some experts have expressed concern about persuasive or overly optimistic portrayals of screening in patient-facing websites. We evaluated the reporting of overdiagnosis on these websites in relation to the reporting of benefits, other harms, and suggested next steps for patients. Method Our study sample included lung cancer screening program websites found through a standardized web search from two types of institutions: 1) academic medical centers associated with all (n=152) US allopathic medical schools; 2) a state-matched random sample of community (non-academic) lung cancer screening programs drawn from a list of all (n=1779) American College of Radiology designated lung cancer screening centers. Two investigators independently evaluated each website for the reporting of overdiagnosis, benefits, other harms, and recommendations for next steps. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Analysis included bivariate comparisons between reporting rates for overdiagnosis and other harms and benefits. Results We identified 81 academic centers and 81 community centers (total n=162) with screening websites. Overdiagnosis was reported on 11 (6.7%) websites and more frequently on academic sites (13.6% vs 0.0%, p Conclusions Overdiagnosis was uncommonly reported by academic medical center lung cancer screening websites and was absent from community-based screening program websites. It was the least commonly reported harm and was noted significantly less than benefits of screening. Websites noting overdiagnosis were more likely to report potential harms of screening and to recommend patients weigh the harms and benefits of screening themselves and in consultation with their primary care provider. Research is needed to determine how portrayal of screening-related harms and benefits in this setting may contribute to imbalanced perceptions of harms and benefits and how these perceptions influence patient screening decisions.
Stereotyping and the opioid epidemic: A conjoint analysis.

Abstract Political attention and media coverage concerning rising rates of opioid addiction and opioid-involved deaths in the United States have been critiqued for focusing almost exclusively on trends among whites. It remains unclear, however, if this “white-washing” of the opioid crisis has coincided with a shift in Americans' stereotypes about who abuses opioids. Understanding these stereotypes is important because they can create or uphold larger structural barriers by impacting the ability of certain groups to access appropriate treatment, influencing public support for various policies, and shaping interactions with law enforcement officials. Utilizing a conjoint survey experiment (n = 3670), we examined the independent effects of a person's race, occupation, gender, age, and region on the probability they would be seen as more likely than another individual to abuse opioids. We found that the probability of being identified as likely to abuse opioids is highest when a profile describes an individual as white or unemployed. This study offers the first systematic, experimental analysis of the independent contributions of various traits to the perception that someone is likely to abuse opioids.
The Importance of Interactions Between Content Characteristics and Creator Characteristics for Studying Virality in Social Media

Why does a social media post go viral? Two approaches to understand this mystery are content-based research and creator-based research. Both content characteristics and creator characteristics have...
Intergenerational Depressive Symptoms and the Impact of Adolescent Attachment: A Systematic Review

John Bowlby’s theory of attachment has inspired numerous studies which have concluded that insecure attachment can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in adolescents. It has also spurred research confirming that other environmental factors, such as parental depressive symptoms, can contribute to the development of insecure attachment in adolescents. However, few studies have investigated how insecure adolescent attachment works as a mechanism in the relationship between adolescent and parental depressive symptoms. Accordingly, this systematic review was conducted to better ascertain how attachment is related to the development of adolescent depressive symptoms in the context of parental depressive symptoms. Inclusion criteria for this review were met if the child study population had a mean age in our identified “adolescent” range (age 10–19), if depressive symptoms were measured in at least one parent and their adolescent child, and if adolescent attachment was related to (i.e., mediated or moderated) the intergenerational relationship between depressive symptoms. A total of nine studies were identified searching among three databases (APA PsychNET, Academic Search Elite and PubMed) and one search engine (Google Scholar) through March 2020. The overall sample of this review included mothers (N = 1,684), fathers (N = 123), and adolescents (N = 1805). Samples for the original studies were recruited from both clinical and community populations, with clinical samples being determined by both parental and adolescent levels of depressive symptoms in different studies. Attachment was measured as both an internal working model of self or “state of mind” and as a behavior in which a stressed child seeks comfort or support from an attachment figure acting as a “secure base.” Measurements of attachment were taken at varying stages in child development ranging from infancy through adolescence. Additionally, most reviewed studies did not include fathers or much racial or social class diversity. Overall, the review determined that both conceptualizations of attachment (internal working model and support-seeking behavior) successfully mediated or moderated the relationship between maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms.
Income inequality and minority labor market dynamics: Medium term effects from the Great Recession

Abstract Using a difference-in-differences framework we evaluate the effect that exposure to a bank failure in the Great Recession period had on income inequality. We find that it led to a 1% higher Gini, relative rise of 38 cents for high earners, and 7% decline for lowest earners in treated MSAs. Moreover, we show that blacks saw a decline of 10.2%, Hispanics 9.8%, and whites 5.1% in income. Low income blacks and Hispanics drove much of the effect on inequality.
Antibody Response to mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients with and without Prior COVID-19.

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are highly susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection ([1][1]). Work by us and others shows that patients on maintenance HD mount an antibody (Ab) response following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the Ab titers decline
A conceptual framework for network and client adaptation

Modern networks are extremely complex, varying both statically and dynamically. This complexity and dynamism are greatly increased when the network contains mobile elements. A number of researchers have proposed solutions to these problems based on dynamic adaptation to changing network conditions and application requirements. This paper summarizes the results of several such projects and extracts several important general lessons learned about adapting data flows over difficult network conditions. These lessons are then formulated into a conceptual framework that demonstrates how a few simple and powerful ideas can describe a wide variety of different software adaptation systems. This paper describes an Adaptation Framework in the context of the several successful adaptation systems and suggests how the framework can help researchers think about the problems of adaptivity in networks.
An Overview of Groundwater Modelling

Numerical models have been used in groundwater hydrology for more than two decades. Early models focused on water supply and required the simulation of saturated media. Soil scientists introduced unsaturated flow concepts to modelling. Concern about groundwater quality led to the simulation of contaminant transport, beginning with problems of salt-water intrusion. Modelling multiphase flow, particularly the flow of hydrocarbons, water and air is of current interest as is the simulation of fractured media flow and transport. Simulation under uncertainty, simulation of biological activity and optimization modelling are additional areas of research activity. Numerous numerical procedures have been brought to bear on these simulation problems and several algebraic equation methodologies are in use.
Evaluation of selected factors that may influence the application of electromagnetic induction technology to soil science investigations in Iowa

Many who engage in soil survey have long desired discovery of a remote sensing technique that differentiates individual soil series. As research in precision agriculture has begun, many other agricultural scientists have also begun evaluating remote sensing tools for soil mapping purposes. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), as measured by instruments including the Geonics® EM-38, has shown promise as a soil survey tool. Most of the work done along these lines to date has involved comparing soil EC patterns to Order 1 or 2 soil surveys. It is important that we understand how certain field conditions that might be encountered during the course of a typical soil survey affect soil EC readings. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to identify field conditions that might affect soil EC readings obtained with the EM-38 and then conduct investigations to determine what, if any, affect those field conditions had. The relationships between soil moisture and soil EC were investigated in the field, and between soil moisture, temperature, carbonate content, and soil EC were investigated in the laboratory. The possible influence of diurnal temperature changes and changes in bulk density in the upper few cm of the soil on EC readings obtained with the EM-38 was studied, as was the possible influence of crop residue cover on soil EC readings. Results show that soil water content is often highly correlated to soil EC, and the influence of soil water content is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the influence of soil temperature or carbonate content in determining soil EC. Diurnal temperature fluctuations and crop residues covering the soil surface did not affect soil EC values, but changes in bulk density did. Therefore, it was concluded that knowledge of soil moisture conditions might allow a soil surveyor to anticipate the expected range of soil EC values for a
Operational Brain Dynamics: Data Fusion Technology for Neurophysiological, Behavioral, and Scenario Context Information in Operational Environments

Classical laboratory studies of human performance have always required some form of data integration, such as the synchronization of stimulus display, behavioral accuracy, and reaction time. Studies of performance in operational environments have typically been limited in the precision of behavioral observations. As improved digital informatics have expanded the laboratory data acquisition from a few bytes to terabytes, there has been a similar expansion in both the opportunities and the challenges for data fusion.
Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems

Series Preface * Preface to the Third Edition * 1 Linear Systems * 2 Nonlinear Systems: Local Theory * 3 Nonlinear Systems: Global Theory * 4 Nonlinear Systems: Bifurcation Theory * References * Index
Phylogenetic reassessment of the five forewing radial-veined tribes of Riodininae (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)

. The relationships among the genera and tribal groupings of Riodininae with five forewing radial veins, and between these and tribes with four forewing radial veins, were examined using a phylogenetic analysis. Using the type species from all sixteen genera in the tribal groupings Eurybiini, Mesosemiini and incertae sedis (a presumed paraphyletic group of loosely related genera), and representatives from the four forewing radial-veined riodinine tribes, thirty-five new and traditional characters were coded from adult ecology, wing venation and pattern, the adult head and body, male and female genitalia, and early stage ecology and morphology. The majority of characters are illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis of these data produced five equally most parsimonious cladograms using equal weights and after successive weighting. The strict consensus of these confirms the monophyly of Eurybiini and Mesosemiini as currently conceived, but also indicates several higher-level relationships not previously hypothesized. Mesosemiini is here more broadly defined to also include the entire incertae sedis section, and the tribe is divided into Mesosemiina, for the previously delimited Mesosemiini plus Eunogyra and Teratophthalma, and Napaeina, subtr.n. for the incertae sedis section minus these two genera. The following hypothesis of relationships is tentatively proposed for the basal clades of Riodininae: Mesosemiini + (Eurybiini + remainder of Riodininae). These new hypotheses, and the characters supporting them, are discussed and compared with those previously proposed.
Perturbative analysis of higher-order photorefractive gratings

Analytic expressions are derived for second- and third-order space-charge fields for a moving intensity pattern and arbitrary field strengths. The dependence on the spatial frequency, the applied field strength, and the velocity of the moving grating is examined. The magnitude of the term of correction to the fundamental harmonic is strongly dependent on experimental conditions and the relative strengths of characteristic fields. For diffusion-dominated charge transport and optimum fringe spacing the cubic correction term is only 5% of the fundamental amplitude, even for a large modulation depth of unity. Limiting cases yield the same results as previous studies.
Stigler on Malthus: A Note

In an essay on “The Ricardian Theory of Value and Distribution,” Stigler, commenting on Malthus' example of a geometrically increasing population and arithmetically increasing output, states the following: “… Malthus' ratios implicitly assumed sharply diminishing returns, for his numbers define the production function, L = 2 p-1 where L is labor (proportional to population) and P is produce. With this production function, indeed, if workers received a wage equal to their marginal product, the aggregate wage bill would be independent of the size of the labor force, and population simply could not grow!”
Successful treatment of primary cutaneous Aspergillus ustus infection with surgical debridement and a combination of voriconazole and terbinafine.

Abstract Aspergillus ustus infections are associated with a high mortality in immunocompromised hosts, and the mold has decreased susceptibility to most antifungal drugs, especially azoles. We report primary cutaneous A. ustus infection in a patient who failed itraconazole therapy and was switched to voriconazole (VRC). During VRC therapy, the MICs of VRC, amphotericin B (AMB), caspofungin (CFG), and terbinafine (TBF) were 4, 2, 64, and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. Because the MIC to VRC was high, TBF was added to VRC for synergy based on anecdotal data from other mycoses. After treatment with VRC and TBF for 5 months, MICs of VRC, AMB, CFG, and TBF of A. ustus were 8, 1, 64, and 4 μg/mL respectively. Although the MICs of VRC and TBF increased during antifungal therapy, the patient responded well to the combination antifungal therapy with surgical debridement. With a successful outcome despite high MICs and with limited therapeutic options currently available, we investigated the in vitro activity of posaconazole (PCZ) and VRC individually and in combination with AMB, CFG, or TBF using the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) method. Combination of VRC with TBF showed synergistic activity (FICI = 0.5). Therefore, combination of VRC and TBF with surgical debridement, when appropriate, may be a viable treatment option for refractory A. ustus infections.