cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An algorithm to identify docking locations for autonomous surface vessels from 3-D LiDAR scans

In this paper we present a novel algorithm to identify docks (or piers) from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scans. The algorithm exploits the expected geometric features of the dock and does not require modifying the dock in any way. Our approach consists of a novel combination and application of open source tools for point cloud and image processing. In our limited testing on 8 fused data sets, the algorithm successfully identified a usable portion of all the docks with only one false positive (a seawall). The target application is automated docking (a.k.a. recovery) for small Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs).
Structural Analysis of Alzheimer's β(1–40) Amyloid: Protofilament Assembly of Tubular Fibrils

Abstract Detailed structural studies of amyloid fibrils can elucidate the way in which their constituent polypeptides are folded and self-assemble, and exert their neurotoxic effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously reported that when aqueous solutions of the N-terminal hydrophilic peptides of AD β -amyloid (A β ) are gradually dried in a 2-Tesla magnetic field, they form highly oriented fibrils that are well suited to x-ray fiber diffraction. The longer, more physiologically relevant sequences such as A β (1–40) have not been amenable to such analysis, owing to their strong propensity to polymerize and aggregate before orientation is achieved. In seeking an efficient and inexpensive method for rapid screening of conditions that could lead to improved orientation of fibrils assembled from the longer peptides, we report here that the birefringence of a small drop of peptide solution can supply information related to the cooperative packing of amyloid fibers and their capacity for magnetic orientation. The samples were examined by electron microscopy (negative and positive staining) and x-ray diffraction. Negative staining showed a mixture of straight and twisted fibers. The average width of both types was ∼70A, and the helical pitch of the latter was ∼460A. Cross sections of plastic-embedded samples showed a ∼60-A-wide tubular structure. X-ray diffraction from these samples indicated a cross- β fiber pattern, characterized by a strong meridional reflection at 4.74A and a broad equatorial reflection at 8.9A. Modeling studies suggested that tilted arrays of β -strands constitute tubular, 30-A-diameter protofilaments, and that three to five of these protofilaments constitute the A β fiber. This type of structure—a multimeric array of protofilaments organized as a tubular fibril—resembles that formed by the shorter A β fragments (e.g., A β (6–25), A β (11–25), A β (1–28)), suggesting a common structural motif in AD amyloid fibril organization.
Wettability Literature Survey- Part 1: Rock/Oil/Brine Interactions and the Effects of Core Handling on Wettability

Wettability is a major factor controlling the location, flow and distribution of fluids in a reservoir. The wettability of a core will affect almost all types of core analyses, including capillary pressure, relative permeability, waterflood behavior, electrical properties, and simulated tertiary recovery. The most accurate results are obtained when native- or restored-state cores are run with native crude oil and brine at reservoir temperature and pressure. Such conditions provide cores that have the same wettability as the reservoir. The wettability of originally water-wet reservoir rock can be altered by the adsorption of polar compounds and/or the deposition of organic material that was originally in the crude oil. The degree of alteration is determined by the interaction of the oil constituents, the mineral surface, and the brine chemistry. The procedures for obtaining native-state, cleaned, and restored-state cores are discussed, as well as the effects of coring, preservation, and experimental conditional conditions on wettability. Also reviewed are methods for artificially controlling the wettability during laboratory experiments.
A Preliminary Prevention Program for Eating Disorders in a Junior High School Population.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of an experimental program presented to junior high school students that focused on attitudes and knowledge about body weight, dieting, and purging as well as behavioral intentions to diet effectively. In Study 1, the experimental group and the control group were pretested. Two days after pretesting, the subjects in the experimental condition were presented a short videotape followed by a discussion. Both the videotape and discussion were presented by a 23-year-old female. All subjects were assessed again four days and one month after pretesting. In Study 2, subjects were assessed as in Study 1, however, the videotape and discussion were presented by the regular Home Economics I teacher. Based on comparisons of the experimental groups and the control groups, it was found that the experimental program in both studies was successful in changing subject's knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding some aspects of their eating behavior. Limitations of these findings were discussed, as well as implications for further research.
The Challenge Hypothesis in an Insect: Juvenile Hormone Increases during Reproductive Conflict following Queen Loss in Polistes Wasps

Abstract: The challenge hypothesis was proposed as a mechanism for vertebrates to optimize their testosterone titers by upregulating testosterone during periods of aggressive competition. Here we test key predictions of the challenge hypothesis in an independently evolved endocrine system: juvenile hormone (JH) in a social insect. We assess how social conflict influences JH titers in Polistes dominulus wasps. Aggressive conflict was produced by removing the queen from some colonies (experimental) and a low‐ranked worker from other colonies (control). Queen removal produced competition among workers to fill the reproductive vacancy. Workers upregulated their JH titers in response to this social conflict; worker JH titers were higher in queenless than in queenright colonies. Furthermore, JH titers were associated with an individual’s ability to dominate rivals; the worker that took over as the replacement queen had a substantially higher JH titer than did other workers. Finally, JH titers were positively as...
Quadrupole matrix element zeros and their effect on photoelectron angular distributions

Calculations of the lowest order nondipole photoelectron angular distribution parameters are made for 5s and 6s photoionization of Nd (Z=60). The results show a strong dependence upon the locations of the Cooper minima in the dipole and quadrupole photoionization channels.
Making an impact

Compared with researchers in the United States, Chinese scientists publish far fewer highly cited papers. Ray Wu believes that this can change.
Identification of Renox, a Novel Superoxide Producing Enzyme in Kidney.

INTRODUCTION. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a crucial role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. ROS production by phagocytic cells is essential for normal host defense (1) while ROS production by nonimmune cells has important roles in apoptosis, mitogenic responses and oxygen sensing (2,3). In phagocytic cells superoxide is produced by the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex that transfers electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen (1). The electron-transporting component of the NADPH-oxidase is gp91, a glycosylated flavoprotein that forms a hetero-dimer with p22.
Naloxone attenuation of the effect of cocaine on rewarding brain stimulation

Abstract Antagonism of the threshold lowering effect of cocaine for brain stimulation reward by naloxone was investigated. Rats with bipolar electrodes implanted in either the median forebrain bundle (MFB) or the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were trained on a rate-independent threshold procedure. Effective threshold lowering doses of cocaine (10–15 mg/kg i.p.) were determined for each subject. A moderate dose of naloxone (4 mg/kg i.p.) effectively blocked the threshold lowering action of the cocaine. Lower (2 mg/kg) and higher (8 mg/kg) doses of naloxone attenuated but did not completely block the cocaine effect. These results provide further evidence for a catecholamine/endogenous opioid interaction in central reward.
Reciprocal regulation between natural killer cells and autoreactive T cells.

An appreciation of the crosstalk between cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system is increasingly important for understanding both health and disease. As highlighted here, reciprocal regulation between natural killer cells and autoreactive T cells can influence all stages of autoimmune disease. The initiation and the progression of autoimmune diseases stem from complex interactions that involve cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. As we discuss here, natural killer (NK) cells, which are components of the innate immune system, can inhibit or promote the activation of autoreactive T cells during the initiation of autoimmunity. After they have been activated, autoreactive T cells contribute to the homeostatic contraction of NK-cell populations. The dynamic interaction between NK cells and autoreactive T cells might indicate the transition from the innate immune triggering of autoimmunity to the progressive phase of the disease. Understanding the mechanisms and signals that control the reciprocal regulation of NK cells and autoreactive T cells could have important implications for treatment in the clinic.
Preventing skin breakdown in EEG patients: best practice techniques.

B y t h e f o u r t h quarter, pressure ulcers in the EMU were eliminated. PROFICIENT PLACEMENT OF electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes on a patient is a vital part of executing neurotelemetry in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). These surface electrodes, or leads, are attached to the patient's scalp, forehead, and cheeks to enable the recording and characterization of seizures to appropriately plan patient care. Patients undergo these studies to diagnose epilepsy or other brain disorders and to determine surgical candidacy. However, it is important to recognize a potential complication of using electrodes might be skin breakdown at the electrode sites.
Current controlled negative differential resistance in a-CdAs2 thin film sandwich structures

Abstract Thin film current controlled negative differential resistance (CNDR) devices using amorphous (a)-CdAs 2 as the active material have been fabricated and studied in detail. Comparison of the data on temperature dependence of the turnover voltage V T with data on low field conductivity has shown that the turnover mechanism arises from Joule heating, with bulk space charge limited current effects setting in for thin ( μ m) film devices operated below room temperature. Measurements made as a function of device area and a-CdAs 2 film thickness lend further support to this conclusion. Additional data on fabrication yield and uniformity show that large area arrays of a-CdAs 2 CNDR devices are feasible.
A Person‐Centered Counseling Approach as a Primary Therapeutic Support for Women With a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is prevalent among women. Person-centered counseling (PCC) is an effective core therapeutic approach to use when treating women with this issue. This article provides (a) an overview of CSA, (b) an orientation to PCC, and (c) a case example illustrating the primary application of this approach.
Parabolized Navier-Stokes analysis of ducted turbulent mixing problems with finite-rate chemistry

A hybrid implicit/explicit approach for analyzing 2D ducted turbulent mixing problems with finite-rate chemistry is presented. The approach combines a fully-implicit parabolic mixing algorithm, an explicit viscous-characteristic based shock-capturing algorithm, and linearized implicit chemical kinetic algorithm. The resultant model provides spatial marching solutions of the parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) equations for supersonic combustion and viscous nozzle flowfields. Specialized procedures are incorporated to deal with the near wall sublayer and with small central pockets of subsonic flow. A parabolic option is available which can be utilized in the direct or inverse mode for design applications. The ability of the model to treat shock waves and wave/mixing layer interactions is assessed via comparisons of predictions with those of well established explicit shock-capturing Euler (SCIPPY) and PNS (SCIPVIS) models. Applications to a variety of supersonic combustion flowfield problems involving tangential or moderately inclined fuel injection, and, to a viscous nozzle flow problem, are presented. This paper serves to exhibit overall capabilities of the model developed and no comparisons with supersonic combustion data are presented. Such comparisons serve mainly to validate the modeling of the turbulence and turbulence/chemical interactions and will be the subject of a future paper.
In vitro construction of plasmids which result in overproduction of the protein product of the araC gene of Escherichia coli.

Derivatives of the Escherichia coli drug resistance plasmid pMB-9 were constructed which contain the promotor from the lactose operon of E. coli fused to the araC gene of E. coli. E. coli possessing these plasmids contain about 50 times as much of the araC gene product as do cells with a wild-type araC gene and promotor.
Breaking the Mold or Business as Usual? Meeting the Challenges of HIV Prevention in People With Serious Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders

Meade and Weiss (2007) present a timely review of HIV sexual risk behavior in serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD), and identify a critical paucity of relevant HIV prevention research. They suggest pathways by which SMI/SUD may combine to create risks for HIV. This commentary suggests that the complexities of this patient population may be better suited to hybrid models (Carroll & Rounsaville, 2003) combining the priorities of efficacy and effectiveness. We consider some recent modifications to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions that may provide useful tools to support HIV prevention. The challenges presented by HIV infection in this group are also considered in relation to our current work adapting traditional CBT to treat mental health and substance use issues in the context of HIV infection and/or prevention.
Testosterone regulation of Akt/mTORC1/FoxO3a signaling in skeletal muscle

Low endogenous testosterone production, known as hypogonadism is commonly associated with conditions inducing muscle wasting. Akt signaling can control skeletal muscle mass through mTOR regulation of protein synthesis and FoxO regulation of protein degradation, and this pathway has been previously identified as a target of androgen signaling. However, the testosterone sensitivity of Akt/mTOR signaling requires further understanding in order to grasp the significance of varied testosterone levels seen with wasting disease on muscle protein turnover regulation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of androgen availability on muscle Akt/mTORC1/FoxO3a regulation in skeletal muscle and cultured C(2)C(12) myotubes. C57BL/6 mice were either castrated for 42 days or castrated and treated with the nandrolone decanoate (ND) (6 mg/kg bw/wk). Testosterone loss (TL) significantly decreased volitional grip strength, body weight, and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle mass, and ND reversed these changes. Related to muscle mass regulation, TL decreased muscle IGF-1 mRNA, the rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis, Akt phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation of Akt targets, GSK3β, PRAS40 and FoxO3a. TL induced expression of FoxO transcriptional targets, MuRF1, atrogin1 and REDD1. Muscle AMPK and raptor phosphorylation, mTOR inhibitors, were not altered by low testosterone. ND restored IGF-1 expression and Akt/mTORC1 signaling while repressing expression of FoxO transcriptional targets. Testosterone (T) sensitivity of Akt/mTORC1 signaling was examined in C(2)C(12) myotubes, and mTOR phosphorylation was induced independent of Akt activation at low T concentrations, while a higher T concentration was required to activate Akt signaling. Interestingly, low concentration T was sufficient to amplify myotube mTOR and Akt signaling after 24 h of T withdrawal, demonstrating the potential in cultured myotubes for a T initiated positive feedback mechanism to amplify Akt/mTOR signaling. In summary, androgen withdrawal decreases muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis through Akt/mTORC1 signaling, which is independent of AMPK activation, and readily reversible by anabolic steroid administration. Acute Akt activation in C(2)C(12) myotubes is sensitive to a high concentration of testosterone, and low concentrations of testosterone can activate mTOR signaling independent of Akt.
Recent improvements to the Raider Tracer scattering prediction tool

Computational methods for electromagnetic scattering prediction have been an invaluable tool to the radar signal exploitation community. Scattering prediction codes can provide simulated data of varied levels of fidelity at a fraction of the cost of measured data. Software based on physical optics theory is presently the tool of choice for generating high-frequency scattering data. Currently available codes have extensive capabilities but are usually restricted in their distribution or application due to government or proprietary concerns and due to platform specific software designs. The Raider Tracer software, described in this paper, is a MATLAB-based scattering prediction code that was developed for open distribution to the broader research community.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Dactylolide and Formal Synthesis of (−)-Zampanolide via Target Oriented β-C-Glycoside Formation

The total synthesis of (−)-dactylolide and formal synthesis of (−)-zampanolide via target oriented β-C-glycoside formation is described. The two key reactions involved a stereoselective reduction of the appropriate oxocarbenium cation and a highly chemo- and diastereoselective ring-closing metathesis protocol for the formation of the macrocyclic core. In addition to the described chemistry, in vitro screening of the antipode of natural dactylolide against the NCI’s 60 cancer cell line helped to illuminate the critical importance of the N-acyl hemiaminal side chain of natural zampanolide for its reported potent nanomolar cytotoxicities. Furthermore, by means of the in vitro screen of (−)-dactylolide, a promising cancer therapeutic lead has now emerged for a variety of carcinomas. More specifically, (−)-dactylolide exhibited GI50 values in the nanomolar (25−99 ng/mL) range against the four cell lines HL-60, K-562, HCC-2998, and SF-539, while displaying modest LC50 values.
When Your Parent Dictates Your Accounting Life

The way in which libraries perform their accounting functions is dependent on the parent institution's policy and procedures as well as their fiscal operating system. Many times, the financial transaction processing is neither efficient nor cost effective. Libraries should not only express their concern, but also play a lead role in helping to achieve efficiencies.
The Asymmetry Thesis

In a series of articles1 Gerald Massey has defended "the asymmetry thesis," the thesis that "at the present stage of logical theory our ability to prove validity totally eclipses our ability to show invalidity."2 My initial strategy in discussing this thesis will be to close in on it gradually by con sidering, sometimes summarily but sometimes in greater detail, various distinguishable theses in the neighborhood, gradually approximating the thesis which Massey wishes to defend. For starters, the thesis is an epistemological one and certainly does not involve any claim to the effect that there is no adequate account of what the distinction between valid and invalid arguments is. In accepting what he calls the Principle of Logical Form ("Arguments that instantiate valid argu ment forms are valid") and, albeit somewhat less enthusiastically, its con verse ("Valid arguments instantiate valid argument forms"),3 Massey evidently endorses something like the following account of the distinction: an argument is valid if and only if it instantiates a validating form.4 Once the distinction between arguments and forms is broached, it becomes important to emphasize that Masseyan scepticism about invalidity concerns arguments rather than forms; he has no evident scruples, for ex ample, about instancing affirming the consequent as not being a validating form.5 So the thesis is an epistemological thesis, a thesis about what we can know, and a thesis about arguments rather than forms. Distinctions still need to be made, however. Massey has no evident objection to saying on the basis of "intuition" that various egregiously bad arguments are bad.6 Evidently he would not, or at least he need not, object to the claim that our intuition that the following argument is invalid amounts to knowledge that it is:
The level structure of 48Cr and 68Ge from the (p, t) reaction at EP = 27 MeV

Abstract The (p, t) reaction has been used at 27 MeV to study the level structure of the neutrondeficient nuclei 48Cr and 68Ge. Angular distributions were obtained for the tritons leading to eight states in 48Cr and twelve states in 68Ge. With the help of DWBA calculations a number of spin and parity assignments were made. The level structure of 48Cr differs appreciably from that predicted by an f 7 2 shell-model calculation. The low-lying 0+ state in 72Ge and 70Ge is not in evidence in 68Ge. The strengths of the transitions observed for 68Ge levels are considerably greater than that predicted by a zero-range DWBA calculation with simple shell-model configurations for the transferred neutrons.
Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation of Airfoil Stall Flows Using High-Order Schemes

An advanced hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation (RANS/LES) turbulence model delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) is conducted in thispaper to investigate the dynamic stall flows over 3D NACA0012 airfoil at 17 deg, 26 deg, 45 deg, and 60 deg angle of attack (AOA). The spatially filtered unsteady 3D Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) reconstruction with a low diffusion E-CUSP (LDE) scheme for the inviscid fluxes and a conservative fourth-order central differencing for the viscous terms. An implicit second-order time marching scheme with dual time stepping is employed to achieve high stability and convergency rate. A 3D flat plate is validated for the DDES model. For quantitative prediction of lift and drag of the stalled NACA0012 airfoil flows, the detached eddy simulation (DES) and DDES achieve much more accurate results than the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation. In addition to the quantitative difference, the DES/DDES and URANS also obtain qualitatively very different unsteady stalled flows of NACA0012 airfoil with different vortical structures and frequencies. This may bring a significantly different prediction if those methods are used for fluid–structural interaction. For comparison purpose, a third-order WENO scheme with a second-order central differencing is also employed for the DDES stalled NACA0012 airfoil flows. Both the third- and fifth-order WENO schemes predict the stalled flow similarly for lift and drag at AOA less than 45 deg, while at AOA of 60 deg, the fifth-order WENO scheme shows better agreement with the experiment than the third-order WENO scheme. The high-order scheme of WENO 5 also resolves more small scales of flow structures than the second-order scheme. The prediction of the stalled airfoil flow using DDES with both the high-order scheme and second-order scheme is overall significantly more accurate than the URANS simulation.
The saturated photovoltage of a p-n junction

This paper explores the relationship between the energy-gap voltage of a p-n junction and the saturation value of the open-circuit photovoltage produced by high-intensity illumination. It is shown that high excess-carrier concentrations in the quasi-neutral regions are accompanied by significant open-circuit drops in the quasi-Fermi voltages of both carriers in these regions. When these drops are accounted for, the open-circuit photovoltage is found to be less than the split between the quasi-Fermi voltages in the space-charge layer (which split is approximately equal to the energy-gap voltage) by an amount which depends on the ratio of the mobilities of the two carriers. This approximate theory reconciles the apparent inconsistencies in previously reported measurements of the saturated photovoltages of silicon and gallium-arsenide p-n junctions.
Effective theory and simple completions for neutrino interactions

We consider all the dimension 6 operators as well as some simple extensions of the standard model that give new contributions to neutrino interactions with matter. Such interactions are usually parametrized by ϵ_(αβ), where α and β are neutrino flavor indices taking the values e, μ and τ. In the simple models we consider the ϵ_(αβ)'s are much more constrained than in the operator-based model-independent approach. Typically the ϵ_(αβ)'s are restricted to be smaller in magnitude than around 10^(−3). In some of the leptoquark models, a specific pattern for the leptoquark Yukawa couplings allows the diagonal element ϵ_(ττ) to be as large as ∼0.1, or one of ϵ_(ee), ϵ_(μμ)∼0.01. We discuss the interplay between neutrino physics and leptoquark searches at the LHC.
Purification of cross-reacting acyl carrier proteins by immunoaffinity chromatography☆

Abstract Rabbit antibodies against Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein (ACP) have been prepared and purified. Anti-E. coli ACP cross-reacts with ACP from Euglena gracilis strain Z and variety bacillaris, as shown by inhibition of ACP-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis. Immunoaffinity chromatography using the anti-E. coli ACP bound to Sepharose resulted in extensive single-step purification of crude preparations of ACP from E. coli and from E. gracilis strain Z and variety bacillaris. The purified ACP was biologically active.
Converging Pathways and Principles in Heart Development and Disease: CV@CSH

The authors gratefully acknowledge Tony Baldini, Helen Blau, Napoleone Ferrara, Glenn Fishman, Mark Fishman, Richard Harvey, Seigo Izumo, Rick Lifton, Charles Murry, Christine Seidman, Jon Seidman, Deepak Srivastava, Didier Stainier, and several others at the CSH meeting for their input and helpful discussion. Pilar Ruiz-Lozano, Masa Hoshijima, and Tara St. Amand provided valuable assistance. Due to space limitations, a large number of interesting work could not be mentioned herein, and can be found by accessing the website: http://www.cshl.org.
Setting and Stiffening of Cementitious Components in Cast Stone Waste Form for Disposal of Secondary Wastes from the Hanford waste treatment and immobilization plant

Abstract Cast Stone is a cementitious waste form, a viable option to immobilize secondary nuclear liquid wastes generated from the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. However, no study has been performed to understand the flow and stiffening behavior, which is essential to ensure proper workability and is important to safety in a nuclear waste field-scale application. X-ray diffraction, rheology, and ultrasonic wave reflection methods were used to understand the specific phase formation and stiffening of Cast Stone. Our results showed a good correlation between rheological properties of the fresh mixture and phase formation in Cast Stone. Secondary gypsum formation was observed with low concentration simulants, and the formation of gypsum was suppressed in high concentration simulants. A threshold concentration for the drastic change in stiffening was found at 1.56 M Na concentration. It was found that the stiffening of Cast Stone was strongly dependent on the concentration of simulant.
A randomized controlled trial of an intensive insulin regimen in patients with hyperglycemic acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Abstract Introduction Hyperglycemia during hyper-CVAD (fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and high-dose cytarabine, with methylprednisolone premedication) chemotherapy is associated with poor outcomes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients and Methods To examine whether an intensive insulin regimen could improve outcomes compared with conventional antidiabetic pharmacotherapy, a randomized trial was conducted that compared glargine plus aspart vs. conventional therapy (control). Between April 2004 and July 2008, 52 patients newly diagnosed with ALL, Burkitt lymphoma, or lymphoblastic lymphoma who were on hyper-CVAD in the inpatient setting and had a random serum glucose level >180 mg/dL on ≥2 occasions during chemotherapy were enrolled. Results The trial was terminated early due to futility regarding ALL clinical outcomes despite improved glycemic control. Secondary analysis revealed that molar insulin-to-C-peptide ratio (I/C) > 0.175 (a surrogate measure of exogenous insulin usage) was associated with decreased overall survival, complete remission duration and progression-free survival (PFS), whereas metformin and/or thiazolidinedione usage were associated with increased PFS. In multivariate analyses, factors that significantly predicted short overall survival included age ≥ 60 years ( P = .0002), I/C ≥ 0.175 ( P = .0016), and average glucose level ≥ 180 mg/dL ( P = .0236). Factors that significantly predicted short PFS included age ≥ 60 years ( P = .0008), I/C ≥ 0.175 ( P = .0002), high systemic risk ( P = .0173) and average glucose level ≥ 180 mg/dL ( P = .0249). I/C ≥ 0.175 was the only significant ( P = .0042) factor that predicted short complete remission duration. Conclusions A glargine-plus-aspart intensive insulin regimen did not improve ALL outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia. Exogenous insulin may be associated with poor outcomes, whereas metformin and thiazolidinediones may be associated with improved outcomes. Analysis of these results suggests that the choice of antidiabetic pharmacotherapy may influence ALL outcomes.
Raman spectrum of fully reduced flavin

Protein–flavin interactions modify the chemistry of the flavin, ‘tuning’ it to its biological function. In order to understand protein interactions with reduced flavins, the Raman spectrum of reduced FAD was recorded at pH values where the reduced isoalloxazine is neutral and anionic. Reduced isoalloxazine is a weaker Raman scatterer than oxidized isoalloxazine by at least an order of magnitude in both ionization states. Substitution of exchangeable protons for deuterium, the effect of ionization and DFT calculations allowed the assignment of the observed Raman bands to normal modes of vibration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of surface wave active beds based on human tissue physiology

A surface wave distributed actuation method and its proper design for safely transporting bedridden patients is explored in this paper. First, the basic principle of surface wave distributed actuation is presented, including a new kinematic feature that augments natural surface wave motion for enhanced transport efficiency of humans and elastic bodies. Kinematic modeling and analysis reveals that an object can be transferred by a simplified actuator architecture that makes the concept amenable to hardware realization. A proof of concept prototype demonstrates that heavily loaded rigid objects, elastic objects and humans can be transported. Human tissue physiology is studied to establish worst-case criteria for safe and healthy interactions between the human and the support surface that depends on the duration of interaction. Static models are developed and solved using finite element methods to calculate interaction stresses for realistic, worst-case human-surface wave interaction scenarios. Based on thes...
Some invariance identities for discrete systems

The purpose of this paper is to derive some invariance identities for certain discrete systems which are governed by a set of non–linear recurrence relations. The identities are obtained under the assumption that the discrete Lagrangian possesses an invariance under special types of transformations.
Solution and solid-state structural studies of epoxide adducts of cadmium phenoxides. Chemistry relevant to epoxide activation for ring-opening reactions.

The reaction of Cd[N(SiMe3)2]2 with 2 equiv of the corresponding phenol in toluene has led to the isolation of [Cd(O-2,6-R2C6H3)2]2 derivatives, where R represents the sterically bulky tBu and Ph substituents. The dimeric nature of these complexes in the solid state has been established via X-ray crystallography, i.e., trigonal geometry around cadmium is observed in 1 (R = tBu) where the two cadmium centers are bridged by two phenoxides with each metal containing a terminal phenoxide. Complex 2 (R = Ph) contains an additional interaction of the metal centers with carbon atoms of the aromatic substituents on the phenoxide ligands. These dimeric structures are maintained in weakly coordinating solvents as revealed by 113Cd NMR in d2-methylene chloride, which displays 111Cd−113Cd coupling. Nevertheless, because of the excessive steric requirements of these phenoxide ligands, these dimers are easily disrupted in solution by weak donor ligands such as epoxides. Three bisepoxide adducts have been isolated as cr...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and success of Triadica sebifera invasion in coastal transition ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico

Aims We compared the degree of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization on an invasive, Triadica sebifera, and two native, Baccharis halimifolia and Morella cerifera, woody species that occur in coastal Mississippi, USA. Specifically, we investigated how the degree of colonization affects growth of these species and assessed potential allelopathic effects of T. sebifera on the two native species.
Lens plasma membrane: isolation and biochemical characterization.

Lens plasma membrane from different animal lenses has been prepared by the acylation procedure. Using three different criteria: heat aggregation of intrinsic membrane polypeptides, immunochemistry and solubilization of intrinsic proteins at low (40 m m ) LIS concentration, it has been shown that these preparations are essentially free of cytoplasmic contaminants. Using the results obtained with acylated membrane as the reference of purity, it has been shown that both sucrose gradient centrifugation of bovine WI protein and urea washing of old human lenses give impure membrane preparations. The main intrinsic polypeptides (mol. wt 26000 and 22000) of human lens membrane have been purified and characterized. It has been shown by enzymatic digestion and amino terminal analyses of the residual membrane-bound fragments that the amino terminal halves of the polypeptides are embedded in the lipid bilayer and are probably blocked at their amino terminal sites. Lipid analyses of human and bovine lens membranes suggest that the protein to total lipid ratio is 1:1. Carbohydrate analyses of chromatographically separated intrinsic membrane polypeptides indicate the presence of 1 mol glucose/1 mol protein.
Placental Gene Expression Responses to Maternal Protein Restriction in the Mouse

Abstract Objective Maternal protein restriction has been shown to have deleterious effects on placental development, and has long-term consequences for the progeny. We tested the hypothesis that, by the use of microarray technology, we could identify specific genes and cellular pathways in the developing placenta that are responsive to maternal protein deprivation, and propose a potential mechanism for observed gene expression changes. Methods We fed pregnant FVB/NJ mice from day post-coitum 10.5 (DPC10.5) to DPC17.5, an isocaloric diet containing 50% less protein than normal chow. We used the Affymetrix Mouse 430A_2.0 array to measure gene expression changes in the placenta. We functionally annotated the regulated genes, and examined over-represented functional categories and performed pathway analysis. For selected genes, we confirmed the microarray results by use of qPCR. Results We observed 244 probe sets, corresponding to 235 genes, regulated by protein restriction ( p Conclusions Microarray analysis has allowed us to describe the genetic response to maternal protein deprivation in the mouse placenta. We observed that negative regulators of cell growth and metabolism in conjunction with genes involved in epigenesis were up-regulated, suggesting that protein deprivation may contribute to growth restriction and long-term epigenetic changes in stressed tissues and organs. The challenge will be to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these gene expression responses.
Book Review Essays

Exploring Gender Relations in Historical America: The Archaeology of Gender: Separating the Spheres in Urban America. Diana diZerega Wall. Exploring Gender Relations in Historical America: Those of Little Note: Gender, Race, and Class in Historical Archaeology. Elizabeth M. Scott, ed.
The Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Low Temperature DC/DC Converter Control Circuit for Deep Space Applications

The objective of the project was to design, fabricate, and test a pulse width modulated (PWM) close-loop control circuit that can function from room temperature to -196°C. This circuit was integrated into a high voltage DC/DC converter thus providing output regulation with varying input and load conditions. During the design process, close attention must be made in the selection of the components used for operation of electronics at low temperatures. As an example, most bipolar type devices must be avoided and CMOS type devices used [I]. Consequently, the results of testing the control circuit with the CMOS type devices were proven successful at low temperature. The control circuit was able to provide excellent output regulation for the DC/DC converter from room temperature to -1840C. The performance of the closed-loop control was verified by measuring the output regulation, efficiency, and the switching behavior from changing the load, the input voltage and the operating temperature conditions. In a.ddition, this project encourages insight to the importance of research in low temperature electronics. The operation of electronics in low temperature can improve the system performance and reliability.
Clio grows up: from research prototype to industrial tool

Clio, the IBM Research system for expressing declarative schema mappings, has progressed in the past few years from a research prototype into a technology that is behind some of IBM's mapping technology. Clio provides a declarative way of specifying schema mappings between either XML or relational schemas. Mappings are compiled into an abstract query graph representation that captures the transformation semantics of the mappings. The query graph can then be serialized into different query languages, depending on the kind of schemas and systems involved in the mapping. Clio currently produces XQuery, XSLT, SQL, and SQL/XML queries. In this paper, we revisit the architecture and algorithms behind Clio. We then discuss some implementation issues, optimizations needed for scalability, and general lessons learned in the road towards creating an industrial-strength tool.
Comparison of broiler flock daily water consumption and water-to-feed ratios for flocks grown in 1991, 2000–2001, and 2010–2011

SUMMARY This study was conducted to determine what differences exist in average daily water consumption and water-to-feed ratios for 2010–2011 flocks as compared with flocks reared 10 and 20 yr ago at the University of Arkansas Applied Broiler Research Farm. Water is consistently overlooked as a vital nutrient for broilers though it is essential for metabolic processes within the bird and also accounts for a large majority of lean mass weight. Over the years, genetic advancement has continually pressed for improved intake, gain, and FE for the commercial broiler. However, it is also important to note how this has affected water consumption. Flocks were grown in commercial broiler houses with water consumption and feed input to the house recorded daily for the entirety of each flock. Daily water consumption and water-to-feed ratios were adjusted per 1,000 birds, with daily mortality taken into account, to standardize the data. Daily water consumption was significantly different between each group, with the 2010–2011 flocks consuming the greatest amount. Significant differences were also observed for daily water-to-feed ratios. Average daily gains were also evaluated and found to be significantly different. However, increased feed and water consumption does not seem be the sole reason for increased average gain. Therefore, based on these results, water intake has increased over the years for the commercial broiler.
Effect of Crumb Rubber Made From Recycled Tires on Air Quality in an Indoor Riding Arena: A Pilot Study

Abstract Our hypothesis was that recycled crumb rubber can significantly decrease air particulate matter when applied on the top of existing arena sand, and the objective of our study was to test this hypothesis. Treatments were as follows: A (control—existing sand floor), B (recycled rubber 1.5″), and C (recycled rubber 3″). Air quality was measured using three DC1100 monitors (Dylos Corporation; Riverside, CA). Data collections occurred during advanced riding classes twice per week for 3 weeks using randomly assigned horses and riders. Data were analyzed as a three-way analysis of variance with fixed effects using a Tukey post hoc test with SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc) and significance established at P
Providing VANET security through active position detection

Our main contribution is a novel approach to enhancing position security in VANET. We achieve local and global position security by using the on-board radar to detect neighboring vehicles and to confirm their announced coordinates. We compute cosine similarity among data collected by radar and neighbors' reports to filter the forged data from the truthful data. Based on filtered data, we create a history of vehicle movement. By checking the history and computing similarity, we can prevent a large number of Sybil attacks and some combinations of Sybil and position-based attacks.
“Marriage Is More Than Being Together”: The Meaning of Marriage for Young Adults:

Based on 424 qualitative interviews with a racially, ethnically, and socio-economically diverse population of young people ranging in age from 21 to 38, the authors ponder the paradox of the evolving role for contemporary marriage within the developmental perspective of the transition to adulthood. The authors identify two groups: marriage naturalists and marriage planners. Naturalists comprise one fifth of the sample, are largely from rural America, and follow the fast-track into marriage that defined the mid-twentieth century. Planners comprise the remainder of the sample, are based in metropolitan areas, and follow an elongated transition to adulthood. The authors examine the views of each group on commitment and the nature of relationships, and apply their findings to the debates about whether marriage is resilient, in decline, or becoming deinstitutionalized.
Cancer genomics: integrating form and function

The sequencing of the human genome has formed the foundation with which to develop technologies and reagents to perform true genome-scale biological studies. In particular, the development and increasing application of these high-throughput genome-scale technologies have fundamentally altered the way one can approach the analysis of cancer. It is now possible to imagine studies that interrogate the structure, expression and function of every gene in a comprehensive, highly parallel fashion, permitting the development of multidimensional, global views of cancer. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the application of genomic strategies to the study of cancer, with an emphasis on functional genomics and the prospects for integrating the knowledge gained from these approaches to further develop our understanding of cancer and design better therapeutic strategies.
Theory and application of adaptive fading memory Kalman filters

To resolve difficulties encountered in estimating rigid body motion from noisy radar measurements, the behavior of an adaptive fading-memory Kalman filter is studied. How adaptive fading-memory Kalman filters can be constructed to estimate rigid body motion from radar measurements is described. A review of fading-memory Kalman filters is contained, with emphasis on their interpretation in the frequency domain. The stability analysis of an adaptive fading-memory Kalman filter is performed. Sample behavior of the error state vector is also examined. The application of the adaptive fading-memory Kalman filters to rigid-body motion estimation is briefly described. >
Fast far field approximation for calculating the RCS of large objects

Provides an RCS estimation technique called the fast far field approximation (FAFFA). The idea of the method is to compute the interactions between elements using different methods depending on the electrical distance between the elements. When the distance is small, the exact interaction is calculated; When the distance is large, the far field approximation is used. The field interactions are calculated iteratively using the conjugate gradient (CG) method. The iteration process takes into account the higher order terms in GO, PO or PTD approximations. The algorithm has a computational complexity of O(N/sup 1.33/) and memory requirement of O(N) for N unknown problems. The authors first present the formulation using a two dimensional electrical field integral equation (EFIE) for the TM wave incident case. Then they give numerical simulations for both two dimensional and three dimensional targets.
Holocene pisoliths and encrustations associated with spring-fed surface pools, Pastos Grandes, Bolivia

Calcite pisoliths, with diameters ranging from 1 fo 200 mm, are forming now on the surface of a playa (salar) in the Andean Altiplano (4500 m above MSL) of Bolivia. They are associated with active or recently active hot springs (20-75°C) which flow onto the playa surface. Encrustations of pieces of an older caliche-type ' crust, of pisoliths, of indurated mud and of older concretions are also found as well as series of small (1-3 cm high) sinter terraces (rimstone dams). Arborescent concretions and overgrowths are common and they are reminiscent of drip-stone textures. Water analyses demonstrate that calcite supersaturation (about twenty times) occurs mainly through CO, loss, with photosynthesis by algae and degassing the main removal mechanisms. The two available analyses indicate slight evaporation and a calcium loss between spring and pool of 2.3 mmol per litre of water. It is thought that the hot springs pick up much of their solute load from the playa sediments. The closest analogues to these deposits have been reported from caves (cave pearls and concretions). Although the depositional ptocesses may be similar, the environment on an evaporitic playa surface is quite different. The geological implications for this newly observed pisolith environment may be considerable.