cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASP design for the Minnelusa formation under low-salinity conditions: Impacts of anhydrite on ASP performance

Alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP), surfactant–polymer (SP) and alkali–polymer (AP) flooding have been recognized as potentially effective Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. The alkali in ASP or AP flooding blends interacts with formation minerals, markedly with anhydrite in the case of eolian deposits. As a result, water chemistry after the injection of an engineered chemical blend is unlikely to be governed only by fluid–fluid interactions at reservoir conditions. To investigate rock-fluid interactions, Berea and available rock samples from an oil-bearing Minnelusa reservoir in Wyoming, an eoalian formation, are used in coreflooding experiments. Further, a robust ASP blend at optimal salinity was designed for the DC Minnelusa crude oil. Secondary waterflooding, tertiary ASP injection, polymer drive and finally a brine flush are subsequently completed in coreflooding experiments. Oil recovery, pressure drop, surfactant concentration, pH, and viscosity are measured during or immediately after each experiment; water chemistry is analyzed in effluent samples. Findings show the potential of the chemical blends to improve oil recovery significantly under low-salinity conditions (<12,000 ppm) of the DC formation at present. Also, rock type recovery dependence highlights the importance of rock-fluid interactions. The results of this study can be applied to reservoirs at low salinity conditions and/or where anhydrite is present.
Interactions among donor characteristics influence post-transplant survival: a multi-institutional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Quantification of donor-associated risk in a specific heart transplant recipient is often difficult. Our aim was to identify donor characteristics that affect survival in the contemporary era. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2006, 7,322 patients from 32 centers in the Cardiac Transplant Research Database underwent heart transplantation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify donor-associated risk predictors and important interactions between these donor characteristics. Recipient survival was examined using parametric regression analysis in the hazard function domain. RESULTS: Donor characteristics associated with post-transplant death included donor age, donor requirement for vasoactive therapy, positive donor cytomegalovirus serology, longer graft ischemic time, and lower donor body weight. Several interactions between individual donor characteristics affected survival. In male donors, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for death (p = 0.006, p = 0.04, respectively), but not in female donors (p = 0.5, p = 0.8, respectively). There was a significant interaction between donor age and recipient-donor weight difference. If the donor was of younger age, increasing recipient-donor weight difference did not result in increased death. With increasing donor age, weight difference did result in compromised survival (p < 0.0003). Donor and recipient gender further modified the degree of risk: risk was higher in female donors and when recipients were male (p < 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: This multi-institutional analysis identified important interactions between donor characteristics that affect post-transplant survival that explain some of the discrepancies in the results of previous studies. The results are likely to aid in efficient organ allocation.
High-Throughput Cloning of Temperature-Sensitive Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants with Adult Syncytial Germline Membrane Architecture Defects

The adult Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite gonad consists of two mirror-symmetric U-shaped arms, with germline nuclei located peripherally in the distal regions of each arm. The nuclei are housed within membrane cubicles that are open to the center, forming a syncytium with a shared cytoplasmic core called the rachis. As the distal germline nuclei progress through meiotic prophase, they move proximally and eventually cellularize as their compartments grow in size. The development and maintenance of this complex and dynamic germline membrane architecture are relatively unexplored, and we have used a forward genetic screen to identify 20 temperature-sensitive mutations in 19 essential genes that cause defects in the germline membrane architecture. Using a combined genome-wide SNP mapping and whole genome sequencing strategy, we have identified the causal mutations in 10 of these mutants. Four of the genes we have identified are conserved, with orthologs known to be involved in membrane biology, and are required for proper development or maintenance of the adult germline membrane architecture. This work provides a starting point for further investigation of the mechanisms that control the dynamics of syncytial membrane architecture during adult oogenesis.
Chlamydia trachomatis masquerading as a chronic allergic conjunctivitis.

A 7-year-old Yemeni male with no significant past medical or surgical history was referred for evaluation of bilateral corneal infiltrates two months after emigration to the United States. He complained of chronic itching, worse in the spring but persistent throughout the year, and moderate photophobia for 5 years. He was first seen by an ophthalmologist in Yemen 5 years prior who diagnosed allergic conjunctivitis. He had been treated unsuccessfully with a number of different oral and topical medications, most recently with topical steroid (Cortiphenol H) and topical antibacterial/antiprotozoal (Furazol).
From Pilot Plant to Manufacturing: Effect of Scale‐Up on Operation of Jacketed Reactors

Temperature control for laboratory reactors is typically easy because of high heat transfer area – reactor volume ratios, which do not require large driving forces for heat transfer from the reactor to the jacket. Pilot-and full-scale reactors, however, often have a limited heat transfer capability. This article provides an overview of scale-up considerations involved as one moves from bench-scale reaction calorimetry to larger scale pilot plant and production reactors. Keywords: laboratory reactors; pilot plant; process vessels; heat transfer
Understanding caller-sensitive method vulnerabilities: a class of access control vulnerabilities in the Java platform

Late 2012 and early 2013 saw a spike of new Java vulnerabilities being reported in 0-day attacks and used in the wild, that allowed bypass of the Java sandbox. These vulnerabilities were of a variety of types: unguarded caller-sensitive methods, unsafe use of doPrivileged, invalid deserialisation, invalid serialisation, and more. Oracle reacted quickly by making available patches and has now increased the scheduled patch update cycle to 4 releases a year. Unlike more traditional vulnerabilities such as buffer overflow and cross-site scripting that have been studied in the literature for many years, these new Java vulnerabilities lack a clear definition of what the corresponding security bug type is, and what rules apply to each bug type. In this paper we give an overview of one type of access control vulnerabilities that affects the Java platform---unguarded caller-sensitive method calls. The aim of the paper is to explain to the practitioner what the vulnerability is, why it happens in the context of the Java security model, and how to fix it. For the program analysis community, the aim is to define the security bug type, to be able to detect this type of vulnerability.
Breaking barriers in obstructive sleep apnea. Focus on "Intermittent hypoxia-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction requires ROS-dependent MAP kinase activation".

ONE OF THE MORE COMMON HEALTH issues affecting our society is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which affects at least 10% of the general population, primarily overweight or obese men (12). OSA, defined as the cessation of breathing caused by the repetitive, episodic collapse of the pharyngeal airway due to an airway obstruction or increased airway resistance during sleep, is a well-known public health problem due to its prevalence and the severe consequences of this disorder. The most common symptoms of OSA are morning fatigue, increased daytime sleepiness, arousals with nocturnal diuresis, and frequent snoring, yet many patients present with minimal or absent symptoms by compensating with lifestyle modifications. OSA is diagnosed following a sleep evaluation with polysomnography, which involves simultaneous recording of sleep, air flow, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, and brain activity. The consequences of OSA include neurocognitive impairment and cardiovascular morbidities including hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure (7). Additionally, several studies have shown OSA to be associated with pulmonary edema (4) and pulmonary hypertension (10). A substantial number of patients with cardiac disorders and concomitant OSA do not report excessive daytime sleepiness and are therefore not considered for diagnostic sleep evaluation and treatment for OSA. It is well understood that untreated OSA can lead to the progression of cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. Recurrent apneas result in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a hallmark of OSA. Exposure of rats and mice to CIH for 3 to 5 weeks is sufficient to induce pathological changes similar to those seen in OSA patients, such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure (3). It has been suggested that the carotid bodies constitute the frontline defense system for detecting systemic hypoxia associated with apneas (2). The two major effects exerted by CIH on the carotid body are augmented response to acute hypoxia and long-lasting activation of the carotid body, which persist for several hours after termination of CIH (9). It has been proposed that the pathological effects of CIH-induced augmented carotid body responses are due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) (8). CIH results in increased ROS by both upregulation of pro-oxidants and downregulation of anti-oxidants (6). ROS are a group of highly unstable molecules generated during normal cellular metabolism or during incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen. These species are involved in the regulation of fundamental cellular activities such as growth and differentiation, however, overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress and causes significant injury (11). Mice and rats exposed to CIH display elevated ROS in the carotid body, adrenal medulla, and central nervous system resulting in increased
Do Terrestrial Vertebrate Fossil Assemblages Show Consistent Taphonomic Patterns

Abstract The assumption that particular depositional environments are associated with certain taphonomic patterns has given rise to the concepts of taphofacies and taphonomic mode. This association has been well tested in the marine invertebrate realm—albeit often with restricted geographic and stratigraphic sampling—but less so among terrestrial vertebrates. Here I characterize the overall taphonomic patterns of 36 published terrestrial vertebrate fossil assemblages based on a suite of 12 well-reported taphonomic characteristics, and assess which factors could influence the observed modification patterns. Very little systematic pattern is observable in the distribution of taphonomic characteristics among any of the published data with respect to sedimentary environment of preservation, preserved taxa or average taxon size, inferred mode of mortality, time, or place of deposition. This suggests that the factors controlling the taphonomic modification of terrestrial vertebrate assemblages are extremely com...
Dynamic ubiquitination drives herpesvirus neuroinvasion

Neuroinvasive herpesviruses display a remarkable propensity to enter the nervous system of healthy individuals in the absence of obvious trauma at the site of inoculation. We document a repurposing of cellular ubiquitin during infection to switch the virus between two invasive states. The states act sequentially to defeat consecutive host barriers of the peripheral nervous system and together promote the potent neuroinvasive phenotype. The first state directs virus access to nerve endings in peripheral tissue, whereas the second delivers virus particles within nerve fibers to the neural ganglia. Mutant viruses locked in either state remain competent to overcome the corresponding barrier but fail to invade the nervous system. The herpesvirus "ubiquitin switch" may explain the unusual ability of these viruses to routinely enter the nervous system and, as a consequence, their prevalence in human and veterinary hosts.
De 'la civilización y la barbarie' a 'lo visible y lo invisible': Etapas en el desarrollo de un centro argentino

Argentinean essayists Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Eduardo Mallea both applied antithetical terms in their explorations of Argentinean identity. Sarmiento juxtaposed “la civilizacion” and “la barbarie,” while Mallea applied “lo visible” and “’lo invisible.” In response to a somewhat superficial comparison of the terms found within current criticism, and in light of their importance within the writings of both essayists, an in-depth exploration of the terms is undertaken here, addressing the differing objectives and contexts of the writers and revealing a significant evolution in Argentinean thought. From Sarmiento to Mallea, progress is being made toward the development of uniquely Argentinean “center.” En la Argentina de los anos treinta, Eduardo Mallea destaco como una de las voces mas influyentes en la polemica sobre la identidad argentina. Mallea y otros muchos ensayistas, tales como Scalabrini Ortiz y Martinez Estrada, respondieron a una crisis de identidad provocada por la afluencia masiva de inmigrantes en la primera decada del siglo XX. Mallea, profundamente preocupado por lo que vio como una perdida de lo argentino, se puso a explicar lo que era la argentinidad, y lo hizo desarrollando dos terminos antiteticos para aclarar dos facetas del pais – lo visible y lo invisible. En su articulo “Notes on Mallea’s Definition of Argentina,” Fred Peterson muestra una buena comprension de lo que representaban estos terminos para Mallea. Y tiene razon en indicar que de manera parecida, Sarmiento aplico terminos antiteticos para su propia exploracion del caracter argentino, los de “civilizacion” y “barbarie.” Sin embargo, cuando explica lo que es lo visible segun Mallea, anade un comentario: “For Mallea this ‘false front’ is Sarmiento’s civilizacion y barbarie couched in present-day terms” (622). Este comentario, mas que debatible, no recibe clarificacion ninguna. Vista la importancia de los terminos utilizados por los dos ensayistas argentinos en su elaboracion de la identidad argentina en distintas etapas del pais, cabe considerarlos con mas atencion. El presente ensayo critico emprende una comparacion de estos terminos, centrales en el pensamiento de ambos pensadores, teniendo en cuenta sus distintos objetivos y contextos socio-historicos y aclarando las divergencias en sus visiones y puntos de partida. El resultado demostrara una evolucion importante en el desarrollo del pensamiento argentino. Destacan tres aspectos de esta evolucion: a) un movimiento desde un rechazo de lo autoctono hacia su valoracion, b) un movimiento desde la sobrevaloracion de lo ajeno hacia su devaluacion, y c) un movimiento desde la negacion de culpa propia hacia su aceptacion. Juntando estas tendencias, podemos reconocer una progresion desde una mirada hacia fuera, a una mirada hacia adentro – un movimiento hacia la formacion de un centro propio, argentino.
Production of π + and π − at Large Transverse Momentum in p − p and p − d Collisions at 200, 300, and 400 GeV

We have measured the production of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in 200-, 300-, and 400-GeV $p\ensuremath{-}p$ and 400-GeV $p\ensuremath{-}d$ collisions for transverse momenta (${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$) ranging from 0.77 to 7.67 GeV/c. At large values of ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=\frac{2{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{\sqrt{s}}$, where $\sqrt{s}$ is the c.m. energy, we have fitted the $p\ensuremath{-}p$ data to the form $A{(1\ensuremath{-}{x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})}^{b}{{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}^{\ensuremath{-}n}$; we obtain $n=8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and 8.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. At ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}g0.3$ the $\frac{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}}{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ratio in $p\ensuremath{-}p$ collisions rises appreciably with increasing ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ whereas the $\frac{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}}{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ratio obtained from the difference of $p\ensuremath{-}d$ and $p\ensuremath{-}p$ cross sections is \ensuremath{\sim} 1.0 at all ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$.
An Open Secret: Child Sexual Abuse as One Possible Cause of Homosexuality

LGBTs report childhood sexual abuse at 3x-8x the rate of heterosexuals. LGBTs have similar order of magnitude gigher rates of substance abuse, suicide, mental illness and obesity (among lesbians). The failure to consider this possible causal relationship has lead to a widespread assumption that homosexuality is an inborn and immutable characteristic. Failure to consider this possible origin has also led critics of homosexuality to assume that homosexuality as a preference is a conscious choice.
LEILÕES SEQÜENCIAIS COM CUSTOS DE PERMANÊNCIA

In this paper we investigate the outcome of second-price sealed-bid sequential auctions where players face delay costs if they decide to stay for the subsequent rounds. We analyze two distinct models of delay costs. First, as in the literature on auctions with entry, we consider the case where agents have to decide to stay for the next round (and consequently incur delay costs) before seeing thcir valuations for the good. In this context, and considering an arbitrary number of stochastically equivalent (non-identical) objects, we are able to reject Weber's (1983) claim that ex-ante expected prices are constant, for any particular distribution. Second, we study the alternative model where agents decide to stay or not for the subsequent round after seeing their valuations for the good. For a twoperiod model, we find an equilibrium with a screening level such that only bidders with values bigger than that decide to stay for the last period. We also provide an example where prices are decreasing.
Small navies: strategy and policy for small navies in war and peace

Small navies – “to ignore them is to fail to truly understand maritime power and strategy” (p. 13). This statement summarizes the fundamental concerns addressed by this work and encapsulates its va...
24-hour control of body temperature in rats. I. Integration of behavioral and autonomic effectors

Some studies suggest that the nocturnal elevation in core temperature (Tc) of the rat is mediated by an elevation in the set point. The role of set point can be assessed if behavioral effectors are measured simultaneously with other thermoregulatory effectors and Tc over a 24-h period. Selected ambient temperature (STa) and motor activity (MA) were measured in rats housed in a temperature gradient system with a 12:12-h photoperiod (lights on 0600 h). Tc and heart rate (HR) were monitored by telemetry. During the light phase, STa, Tc, HR, and MA were relatively stable with values 29.0 degrees C, 37.1 degrees C, 310 beats/min, and 1-2 m/h, respectively. During the light-to-dark transition there were abrupt elevations in Tc, HR, and MA but no change in STa. STa decreased during the dark phase and reached a nadir of 23 degrees C at 0500 h. All variables recovered to basal levels within 3-4 h after the onset of the light phase. Overall, autonomic effectors control the elevation in Tc during the onset of the dark phase while behavioral effectors have little if any role. Behavioral thermoregulation is important in two ways: 1) the selection of cooler Ta values at night to prevent an excess elevation in Tc and 2) a preference for cooler Ta values before the light phase to facilitate the recovery of Tc.
Behavior of the Boll Weevil on Frego Bract Cotton

In a detailed study of the behavior of Anthonomus grandis Bobeman in frego bract and ‘Deltapine Smoothleaf’ (DPSL) cotton, 2.5 times as many weevils were trappped in or around the DPSL as around the frego bract cotton. Also, boll weevils moved somewhat more in frego than in DPSL cotton, since about ½ as many introduced weevils were recovered in frego as in DPSL. In DPSL, 64% of the weevils recovered were found in squares, only 20% were recovered in squares on frego cotton. Both overwintered, and current-generation on female weevils deposited about twice as many eggs per hour in the DPSL as in the frego bract cotton.
WBRT vs. APBI: an interim report of patient satisfaction and outcomes.

PURPOSE To determine differences in patient's reported quality of life and self-reported breast cosmesis between whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) via single and multi-lumen high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for women with early stage breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patient information was retrospectively reviewed and survey data were prospectively collected for women treated between 2004 to 2014 (APBI) and 2012 to 2014 (WBRT). Criteria for APBI treatments were ER+ (after 2010), N0 (after 2010), T 0.05). CONCLUSIONS APBI treated patients reported higher cosmetic satisfaction than patients in the matched WBRT cohort. Quality of life scores tended to improve over time. Multi-lumen catheters provided superior cosmetic results compared to single-lumen catheters.
Shock-Driven Nonequilibrium Turbulence and High-Speed Deflagrations

This note was written in Jerry Faeth’s memory and is dedicated to him. Jerry was a superb scientist, colleague, teacher, and mentor, as well as a very good friend to so many of us. He had some of the best qualities: unabashed curiosity, an open, flexible mind, an easy laugh or snicker, a sense of propriety, all tempered by genuine respect for others. He would consider any new idea you put in front of him, sometimes praising the novelty, sometimes biting his tongue in amusement or horror, occasionally warning you that it was a pile of something malodorous. Jerry’s own work covered an amazingly broad range of topics through his career. Part of his recent work in fluid dynamics focused on aspects of nonreactive turbulent flows, and a considerable portion of his current work in combustion focused on laminar flames and suppression. In contrast to this, and perhaps as an extension of that work, this paper describes an act of Faeth, involving dynamic nonequilibrium processes and high-speed deflagrations. Our conversations on these topics ... well ... at least there were smiles.
The expression of CAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein in the hippocampus of hypertensive rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Objective To observe the expression of CAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP) in the hippocampus of normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) so as to explore the mechanism of hypertension in aggravating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods We respectively built global cerebral ischemia model in normal rats and SHR by improved four-vessel occlusion.At 6,24 and 48 hours after ischemia,changes of neuron pathology were observed by HE staining and CHOP expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot;behavioral changes of rats were assessed with eight-arm maze 48 hours after ischemia.Results Compared with the cerebral ischemia group of normal rats,the density of survival neurons significantly decreased,CHOP expression significantly increased 6 and 24 hours after ischemia,but decreased at 48 hours in the cerebral ischemia group of SHR.Eight-arm maze test showed that the total error frequences,the reference memory error frequences and the working memory error frequences increased.Conclusion Hypertension may aggravate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,which might be related to increasing CHOP overexpression.
Techniques for Analyzing Incomplete Data in Public Health Research

Statistical inference of incomplete data has been an obstacle in numerous areas of research, and public health studies are no exception. Since studies in this field are often survey-based and can center around sensitive personal information, it can make them susceptible to missing records. This chapter discusses the causes and problems created by incomplete data and recommends techniques for how to handle it through multiple imputation.
A novel triazolopyridazine, [3H]CL 218,872 which labels the benzodiazepine receptor in rat brain

Abstract The specific binding of the novel triazolopyridazine, Cl 218,872 was examined in the rat cerebral cortex. Two binding sites with dissociation constants of 10-30nM and 200-400nM were demonstrated. A number of benzodiazepine anxiolytics inhibited 3 H-CL 218, 872 binding in a manner which corelates with the potency of these drugs for inhibiting 3 H-benzodiazepine binding. Our initial characterization show that the triazolopyridazines may discriminate between benzodiazepine receptor subtypes and may prove to be useful probes for examining heterogeneity of the benzodiazepine receptor.
Telomere content measurement in human hematopoietic cells: Comparative analysis of qPCR and Flow‐FISH techniques

Abnormal telomere lengths have been linked to cancer and other hematologic disorders. Determination of mean telomere content (MTC) is traditionally performed by Southern blotting and densitometry, giving a mean telomere restriction fragment (TRF) value for the total cell population studied. Here, we compared a quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction approach (qPCR) and a flow cytometric approach, fluorescence in situ hybridization (Flow-FISH), to evaluate telomere content distribution in total patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells or specific cell populations. Flow-FISH is based on in situ hybridization using a fluorescein-labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) (CCCTAA)3 probe and DNA staining with propidium iodide. We showed that both qPCR and Flow-FISH provide a robust measurement, with Flow-FISH measuring a relative content longer than qPCR at a single cell approach and that TRF2 fluorescence intensity did not correlate with MTC. Both methods showed comparable telomere content reduction with age, and the rate of relative telomere loss was similar. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Aging model challenges in deeply scaled tri-gate technologies

As tri-gate transistor technologies continue to scale to smaller dimensions, a variety of aging mechanisms become important to include in models to accurately predict end-of-life transistor performance. Traditional aging effects such as BTI and hot carrier continue to play a role. However, modeling these mechanisms becomes more complicated with the addition of recovery, variation, and local self-heating. Further, second-order effects are starting to accumulate, such as recovery interactions, minority carrier gate injection, damage localization, and interactions between hot carrier and BTI. This work highlights the roles and impacts of these various effects and how they will need to fit into a comprehensive aging model.
Ultrasound and histological measurements of dividing membrane thickness in twin gestations.

OBJECTIVE To determine how prenatal ultrasound (US) measurements of dividing membrane thickness correlate with postnatal histologic measurements and chorionicity in twin gestations. METHODS This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Dividing membrane thickness was measured by transabdominal US, both parallel and perpendicular to the transducer. Measurements from the first US exam were compared to histological measurements. RESULTS A total of 45 twin pregnancies (32 dichorionic, 13 monochorionic) were included. Gestational age at initial US exam was 24.1 ± 7.3 weeks. Parallel US measurements of membrane thickness were 1.6 ± 0.8 mm for monochorionic and 2.5 ± 0.9 mm for dichorionic gestations (p = 0.001). Perpendicular US measurements were 1.6 ± 0.3 mm for monochorionic and 2.2 ± 0.8 mm for dichorionic gestations (p = 0.009). Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were 0.847 and 0.950, respectively. Parallel and perpendicular measurements correlated better with each other (R = 0.807, p 50th percentile) resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.828 for parallel (p < 0.001) and 0.874 for perpendicular (p < 0.001) measurements with cut-off values of 1.9 mm for both. The AUC for parallel and perpendicular measurements to predict dichorionicity were 0.892 (p < 0.001) and 0.823 (p < 0.001) with cut-off values of 1.9 and 1.8 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION Prenatal US measurement of twin dividing membrane thickness is positively correlated with postnatal histologic measurement. Dichorionicity can be determined by a magnified dividing membrane thickness ≥1.9 mm. Parallel US measurements may be more accurate than perpendicular measurements.
489. Localized, siRNA-Mediated Silencing of PHD2 to Promote Wound Vascularization

We have recently developed a platform for sustained, local release of siRNA loaded endosomolytic nanoparticles (siNPs) from biodegradable poly(ester urethane) (PEUR) tissue engineering scaffolds [1]; this platform was designed to achieve local, gene-specific silencing to promote healing of tissue defects. We are developing this platform to promote local angiogenesis through sustained silencing of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) [2], a negative regulator of the hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF1α).
Historical Perspective on the Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

When an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ruptures and is not repaired or excluded from the circulation, the patient almost always dies – although the time course of his or her demise may vary considerably. Because of the lethal nature of ruptured AAAs, surgeons have attempted to repair them as soon as the diagnosis of rupture is made or even suspected. The first successful open surgical repairs of a ruptured RAAA were reported in 1954 using transperitoneal approaches [1–3]. These early reports by pioneering giants in the field make for fascinating reading.
MILD RHEUMATIC VALVULAR HEART DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERSTITIAL MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS: A T1 MAPPING STUDY

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has classically been considered to primarily affect the valves in the chronic phase. Whether mild RHD also affects myocardium and creates interstitial myocardial fibrosis (IMF) in the chronic phase remains undetermined. We therefore analyzed patients with
The Molecular Basis of Histone Methylation

As an integrated part of the complex array of post-translational modifications on histone, methylation mainly occurs on histone lysine and arginine residues and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of chromatin organization and function. Histone methylation is catalyzed by different groups of methyltransferases while methylation marks on different residues as well as different methylation states on the same residue serve as docking sites to recruit a variety of binding proteins harboring specific recognition domains. These methyl-histone binding proteins further recruit additional chromatin modifiers and other proteins to transduce methylation signals into diverse functional outcomes. Here we summarize histone methyltransferases and discuss their specificities and regulations for different methylation reactions. We also discuss specific methyl-histone recognition by different families of binding proteins at multiple molecular layers. Given that the disruption of histone methylation and recognition has been associated with altered gene function in various diseases and human malignancy, understanding the regulation of histone methylation and recognition will also provide molecular basics for therapeutics.
New Role for an Old Protein: An Educational Primer for Use with "The Identification of a Novel Mutant Allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals a Unique Role in Chromosome Segregation During Spermatogenesis".

Modern experimental techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 endogenous genome editing, are enabling researchers to identify and further characterize the roles of proteins that were previously thought of as well defined. In the December 2016 issue of GENETICS , an article by Jaramillo-Lambert et al. identified a new role for the enzyme topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans male meiosis. This Primer article is designed to provide essential background information on C. elegans spermatogenesis and the relevant scientific techniques that will assist students and instructors in their understanding and discussion of the related article. Related article in GENETICS : Jaramillo-Lambert, A., A. S. Fabritius A. S., T. J. Hansen T. J., H. E. Smith H. E., and A. Golden A., 2016 The identification of a novel mutant allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals a unique role in chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis. Genetics 204: 1407–1422.
The role of statins in both cognitive impairment and protection against dementia: a tale of two mechanisms.

Nearly 30% of adults 40 years and older in the United States are on a statin. Their widespread use heightens the importance of careful consideration of their varied effects on the body. Although randomized controlled trials have not confirmed cognitive impairing effects with statins, continuing evidence suggests statins have the ability to cause reversible cognitive impairment in some patients. Paradoxically, statins have also been shown to decrease the risk of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and improve cognitive impairment in some cases. However, randomized controlled trials have similarly failed to find the beneficial effect. Supporting evidence for both claims is compelling whereas known limitations of the clinical trials may explain the lack of findings. This narrative review aims to explain why there is still controversy and how both effects can, and may, be possible. The mechanisms that have been hypothesized for each effect are seemingly independent from one another and may explain the contradicting results. Being mindful of the complex effects of statins, health care providers need to be able to identify patients who are at risk for or already experiencing cognitive impairment from statin use while also identifying those who could potentially decrease their risk of dementia with statins.
An International Trade Model with Pollution and Eco-tariffs

To approach the question whether tariffs may serve as environmental policy instruments, this chapter develops a theoretical framework in which issues regarding trade and environmental policy can be incorporated.
Developments from 1963 to 1970

From 1960 to 1970, decolonization under the United Nations auspices has produced issues which were not foreseen by the drafters of the United Nations Charter in 1945. If the decolonization period from 1945 to 1960 has been governed by the general provisions of Chapters XI, XII and XIII of the Charter relating to Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, the last decade’s efforts of the U.N. in the same area of activities have been governed by principles enunciated in the Declaration on Independence, adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 1960, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The latter period also witnessed action by the United Nations, for the first time in its history, under Chapter VII of the Charter, which deals with enforcement measures.
Predicting carcass composition of beef cattle using ultrasound technology.

We evaluated 20 slaughtered cattle with ultrasound before hide removal to predict fat thickness and ribeye area at the 12th rib for possible use in carcass composition prediction. Carcasses were fabricated into boneless subprimals that were trimmed progressively from 2.54 to 1.27 to .64 cm maximum fat trim levels. Stepwise regression was used to indicate the relative importance of variables in a model designed to estimate the percentage of boneless subprimals from the carcass at different external fat trim levels. Variables included those obtained on the slaughter floor (ultrasound fat thickness and ribeye area; estimated percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart [KPH] fat; and warm carcass weight) and those obtained from carcasses following 24 h in the chill cooler (actual fat thickness, actual ribeye area, estimated percentage of KPH fat, warm carcass weight, and marbling score). At all different subprimal trim levels, percentage KPH was the first variable to enter the model. In the models using measures taken on the slaughter floor, ultrasound fat thickness was the only other variable to enter the model. Ultrasound fat thickness increased R 2 and decreased residual standard deviation (RSD) in models predicting subprimals at 2.54-cm maximum fat trim; however, at 1.27- and .64-cm trim levels, R 2 and RSD increased. Models using the same two variables (except actual fat instead of ultrasound) in the cooler were similar to those using data from the slaughter floor. However, as more cooler measurement variables entered the models, R 2 increased and RSD decreased, explaining a greater amount of the variation in the equation. Ultrasonic evaluation on the slaughter floor may be of limited application compared with the greater accuracy found in chilled carcass assessment.
Extraintestinal considerations in inflammatory bowel disease.

If one reviews the literature with zeal, it is increasingly apparent that few organs escape recruitment when IBD is chronic or progressive. Insights into mucosal pathophysiology have helped with understanding the more frequent extraintestinal manifestations, but the mechanisms attendant to the development of less common events (e.g. acute pancreatitis, concurrent gluten sensitive enteropathy, or active pulmonary disease) remain either poorly studied or obscure. It is particularly interesting, however, to read reports of abnormal pulmonary function, generally of the obstructive type, correlated to measurements of abnormal intestinal permeability in patients with either active pulmonary sarcoid or pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease. It has been further speculated that similarities in the mucosal immune system of the lung and intestine are responsible for evidence of bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with active IBD. Finally, it is important to recognize that extensions of the inflammatory process are not restricted to the development of organ-based events but may be responsible for some of the most frequent systemic abnormalities detected in IBD patients. It is now also well confirmed that the cytokine environment in IBD can support activated coagulation and, in some clinical situations, overt vascular thrombosis. The cerebrovascular complications of IBD are well recognized and range from peripheral venous thrombosis to central stroke syndromes and pseudotumor cerebri. Reports of focal white matter lesions in the brains of patients with IBD or an increased incidence of polyneuropathy may be other clinical examples of regional microvascular clotting. Microvascular injury appears to be more ubiquitously present, with reports ranging from a speculated primary causative role (e.g., granulomatous vasculitis in the mesenteric circulation) to the utility of nailbed vasospasm, in Crohn's disease, as a clinical marker for disease activity. It is also reported that IL-6 suppression of erythropoietin production is a major feature of the chronic anemia seen in active IBD. Moreover, the capacity of peripheral monocytes from active IBD patients to secrete TNF and IL-8 is reported predictive for the degree of therapeutic response from recombinant erythropoietin. These collected observations constitute another excellent example of the symmetry between basic science and clinical utility. It is from the context of applied basic science that many future therapies will arise. Empiricism will lose much of its appeal as clinical observations will be increasingly translated into cellular language. Already in animal models, elemental diets diminish IL-6-related acute inflammatory injury, and reductions in dietary lipid alter the antigenicity of bacteria. Provocatively, in humans, unconfirmed reports have even associated diet therapy with the resolution of uveitis and pyoderma gangrenosum. It is likely that efforts will also be made to induce oral tolerance if specific triggering proteins are discovered or to alter bowel flora if such an arcane area of investigation becomes resurgent.
A scanning force microscope study of detachment of nanometer‐sized particles from glass surfaces

The nominal shear stress required to detach nanometer‐scale, single‐crystal salt particles from a soda lime glass substrate is a strong function of particle size and relative humidity. We use the tip of an atomic force microscope to detach these particles from a glass substrate under controlled atmospheres of known humidity. The peak lateral force at detachment was divided by the nominal particle area to yield an effective interfacial shear strength. We describe the variation of shear strength with particle area and humidity in terms of detachment by chemically assisted crack growth along the salt–glass interface.
The Languages of Early Republican Fiction in the Context of Print Media

(2002). The Languages of Early Republican Fiction in the Context of Print Media. Comparative Literature: East & West: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 37-57.
A robust process-structure model for predicting the joint interface structure in impact welding

Abstract In this work, a numerical simulation framework based on the finite element method (FEM) with Eulerian formalism is developed to model the high-speed impact between metal plates. The model accounts for the thermomechanical interactions in the process and captures the complex interfacial deformations. A thorough validation of the model is achieved by comparing the wave characteristics obtained from numerical simulations with the experimental results from vaporizing foil actuator welding. The amplitude and wavelength of the interfacial waves and the resulting joint microstructure are shown to depend significantly on the process conditions and the specific material system, which is well captured by the model.
Alignment between Universities and Their Affiliated Professional Schools: Organizational Segmentation and Institutional Logics in the USA.

Universities are classically understood as segmented organizations. In the USA, ties between the university and law and medical schools may be particularly loose because these units have powerful ties to communities of practice and are linked to particular resource streams. Because of these ties to different social fields, medical and law schools may invoke different institutional logics that differentiate their communications from those of the parent university. Latent class analysis identified three distinct categories of university, medical, and law school mission statements in the USA. Logistic regression then predicted the circumstances under which a university and its affiliated professional school were likely to espouse mission statements that fell within the same category. Results indicate that agreement is likely when professional school and university share similar resource bases, suggesting that relationships between universities and their constituent units likely vary as local context moderates macro level patterns.
Evaluation of UAV–CRP Data for Monitoring Transportation Infrastructure Constructed over Expansive Soils

Application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for civil infrastructure monitoring has gained impetus owing to the advancement of aerial platforms paralleled with the development of sophisticated sensors. Photogrammetry is the science of measuring distances from two or more images, and close-range photogrammetry (CRP) is a part of photogrammetry that involves calculating measurements of an object within a maximum distance of 305 m away from the inspecting sensors. Geotechnical problems including differential heaving and related cracking of expansive soils cause extensive damage to pavement infrastructure. Feasibility of using UAV–CRP technology in health monitoring of pavement infrastructure constructed over problematic soils has been comprehensively studied, and this paper presents an overview of these results. Pavement performance data including longitudinal and transverse slopes, as well as distress conditions such as pavement surface cracking, pothole formation, and rutting or excessive deformation, are monitored via UAV–CRP technology, and these data sets are comprehensively analysed. UAV–CRP-interpreted performance indicators showed a very good agreement with those obtained from traditional methods surveys and profiler studies. With the further research, the UAV–CRP technology will play an important engineering role in safe, inexpensive and comprehensive health monitoring of infrastructure built over problematic soil conditions.
Initiating resuscitation before umbilical cord clamping in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a pilot feasibility trial.

Background Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often experience hypoxaemia with acidosis immediately after birth. The traditional approach in the delivery room is immediate cord clamping followed by intubation. Initiating resuscitation prior to umbilical cord clamping (UCC) may support this transition. Objectives To establish the safety and feasibility of intubation and ventilation prior to UCC for infants with CDH. To compare short-term outcomes between trial participants and matched controls treated with immediate cord clamping before intubation and ventilation. Design Single-arm, single-site trial of infants with CDH and gestational age ≥36 weeks. Infants were placed on a trolley immediately after birth and underwent intubation and ventilation, with UCC performed after qualitative CO2 detection. The primary feasibility endpoint was successful intubation prior to UCC. Prespecified safety and physiological outcomes were compared with historical controls matched for prognostic variables using standard bivariate tests. Results Of 20 enrolled infants, all were placed on the trolley, and 17 (85%) infants were intubated before UCC. The first haemoglobin and mean blood pressure at 1 hour of life were significantly higher in trial participants than controls. There were no significant differences between groups for subsequent blood pressure values, vasoactive medications, inhaled nitric oxide or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Blood gas and oxygenation index values did not differ between groups at any point. Conclusions Intubation and ventilation prior to UCC is safe and feasible among infants with CDH. The impact of this approach on clinically relevant outcomes deserves investigation in a randomised trial.