cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histamine (Scombroid) Fish Poisoning: a Comprehensive Review

Histamine fish poisoning, also known as scombroid poisoning, is the most common cause of ichythyotoxicosis worldwide and results from the ingestion of histamine-contaminated fish in the Scombroidae and Scomberesocidae families, including mackerel, bonito, albacore, and skipjack. This disease was first described in 1799 in Britain and re-emerged in the medical literature in the 1950s when outbreaks were reported in Japan. The symptoms associated with histamine fish poisoning are similar to that of an allergic reaction. In fact, such histamine-induced reactions are often misdiagnosed as IgE-mediated fish allergy. Indeed, histamine fish poisoning is still an underrecognized disease. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of scombroid disease. Because more than 80 % of fish consumed in the USA is now imported from other countries, the disease is intimately linked with the global fish trade (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2012). Preventing future scombroid outbreaks will require that fishermen, public health officials, restaurant workers, and medical professionals work together to devise international safety standards and increase awareness of the disease. The implications of scombroid poisoning go far beyond that of fish and have broader implications for the important issues of food safety.
Studies of Intestinal Drug Transport Using an In Silico Epithelio-Mimetic Device

We report the development and use of a synthetic, discrete event, discrete space model that functions as an epithelio-mimetic device (EMD). It is intended to facilitate the study of intestinal transport of drug-like compounds. We represent passive paracellular and transcellular transport, carrier-mediated transport and active efflux using stand-alone components. Systematic verification of the EMD over a wide physiologically realistic range is essential before we can use it to address questions regarding the details of the interacting mechanisms that are believed to influence absorption. We report details of key verification experiments. We demonstrate that this device can generate behaviors similar to those observed in the in vitro Caco-2 transwell system. To do that we used a series of hypothetical drugs and we simulated behaviors for two clinically used drugs, alfentanil and digoxin. The results support the feasibility and practicability of the EMD as a tool to expand the experimental options for better understanding the biological processes involved in intestinal transport and absorption of compounds of interest.
Structured LDPC over urn model channels with memory

In this paper we investigate the performance of structured LDPC codes over a class of channels with memory. The channels under consideration are based on Polya's urn model (F.Alajaji et al, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.40, no.6, p.2035-2041, 1994) and can be viewed as a practical representative of channels with burst errors. The BER curves for iterative decoding with channel estimation show that random-like codes and a new class of regular and irregular codes, based on parity-check matrices of the form of block-circulants, have comparable performance for codelengths of the order of several thousands. Furthermore, the complete convergence region within the parameter space of the urn channel model is determined by using a new technique for generating side-information, termed state XORing. This technique also allows for complete characterization of the convergence region of another important bursty channel model, namely the Gilbert-Eliot scheme. Some possible applications of the results described in this paper are for designing reliable coding schemes for communication over fading or storage channels.
Learning to Detect Scene Text Using a Higher-Order MRF with Belief Propagation

Detecting text in natural 3D scenes is a challenging problem due to background clutter and photometric/gemetric variations of scene text. Most prior systems adopt approaches based on deterministic rules, lacking a systematic and scalable framework. In this paper, we present a parts-based approach for 3D scene text detection using a higher-order MRF model. The higher-order structure is used to capture the spatial-feature relations among multiple parts in scene text. The use of higher-order structure and the feature-dependent potential function represents significant departure from the conventional pairwise MRF, which has been successfully applied in several low-level applications. We further develop a variational approximation method, in the form of belief propagation, for inference in the higher-order model. Our experiments using the ICDAR'03 benchmark showed promising results in detecting scene text with significant geometric variations, background clutter on planar surfaces or non-planar surfaces with limited angles.
Identification of a sorbitol permease in human erythrocytes

Sorbitol, a polyol derived from glucose by the enzyme, aldose reductase, is a common organic solute in many cells. It plays a role in the osmotic regulation of epithelial cells and in the pathology of uncontrolled diabetes. To learn more about sorbitol transport, we measured D-[14C]sorbitol influx in human erythrocytes. Sorbitol influx at 37 degrees C was a linear function of sorbitol concentration over the range of 0.05-100 mM. The activation energy for sorbitol influx was 10.0 kcal/mol, and the Q10 over the range 10-50 degrees C was 1.8, higher than predicted for diffusion through an aqueous pore. Glucose transport inhibitors either had no effect (1 mM phloridzin) or minimally inhibited (approximately 35% inhibition by 10 microM cytochalasin B or 250 microM phloretin) sorbitol influx. Influx was stimulated twofold by 0.5 mM p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, an inhibitor of glucose transport, and this was reversed by 2 mM dithiothreitol. Sorbitol influx was neither Na dependent nor sensitive to changes in cell volume. Glucose, fructose, mannitol, myo-inositol, and gluconate, at four- to fivefold molar excesses over sorbitol, did not inhibit its influx. We conclude that there is a specific sorbitol transport pathway in human erythrocytes similar to the sorbitol permease in renal epithelial cells.
Blogs as Research and Teaching Resources for Accounting Academics

ABSTRACT: A blog is a website maintained by an individual or group of individuals that includes observations and opinions regarding a specific subject matter. This paper explores the opportunities and issues regarding blogs as accounting research and teaching resources. While locating applicable blogs is challenging, they can be valuable resources regarding current events and their archives provide perspectives that can cover several years. For research, blogs are a continuous and timely source of research ideas and should be part of any literature review. Blogs that criticize current accounting practice not only identify issues ripe for research, but also frequently present recommendations to address those issues. Academics can transform those criticisms and recommendations into testable questions or hypotheses to investigate using various qualitative and quantitative research methods. As teaching resources, blogs provide an opportunity for students to analyze and evaluate others' opinions, which should ...
Automotive Control Development System

A microprocessor based system is described for use as a development tool by the automotive engineer to test and evaluate many automotive control concepts. The system provides a simplified means of program debugging, the capability to modify data and program functions during operation and evaluation and to accumulate and store evaluation data. Equipment associated with this development system is divided into two portions: one controlling the vehicle operation and interfacing with the automotive sensors and actuators; the other controlling the operator interface devices which include the keyboard, display, printer, and other peripheral units. The vehicle equipment is designed to operate on vehicle battery power. After the control algorithm has been determined using the development system, the contents of the system memory can be transferred to a ROM (Read Only Memory) device for the production automotive controller.
Water Management in the West: Controlling the Impact of Cumulative Pond Diversions

Small ponds are generally unregulated under western water law, meaning owners can divert and store water without a permit. In areas of intensifying agriculture, the number of newly created small ponds has led to cumulative water diversions in excess of flow capacity. At the same time, analysis of the location of ponds, diversion points, and of timing of diversions has created a new understanding of the impact of pond diversions. The result has been increased regulation of pond diversions to meet water needs while maintaining instream flows for wildlife and downstream users.
Mechanics of Supplemental Drop Wire and Half-Pin Fixation Elements in Single Ring Circular External Fixator Constructs

Objective Evaluate the effects of supplemental fixation elements on the mechanical properties of a single ring circular fixator construct. Study Design In vitro mechanical testing. Sample population: Five construct configurations (six replicates of each configuration) were used to stabilize a 1.6 cm diameter Delrin rod bone model. Methods Constructs were assembled using 66 mm complete rings, 1.6 mm olive wires, and 3.2 mm diameter half-pins. Construct configurations tested were a base single ring construct, constructs with 1 supplemental drop wire or constructs with 1, 2, or 3 supplemental half-pins. Constructs were loaded in axial compression, caudocranial and mediolateral bending, and torsion. Strain was measured in individual fixation elements during axial loading. Results A supplemental drop wire or half-pin significantly increased bending and torsional stiffness. The supplemental half-pin increased caudocranial stiffness significantly more than placing a drop wire. Placing a 2nd or 3rd pin afforded significantly greater increases in construct stiffness in all modes of loading, with 3 half-pin constructs having significantly greater axial and caudocranial stiffness than 2 half-pin constructs. Placing a single supplemental pin induced cantilever bending resulting in angular displacement of the Delrin rod during axial loading and high strain in both the fixation wire secured distal to the ring and the pin. Supplemental half-pins incrementally reduced strain in all fixation elements and resulted in linear displacement of the Delrin rod during axial loading. Conclusion If using supplemental half-pins as fixation elements, insertion of 2 or 3 pins is preferred over a single pin.
Microfluidic Mobility Shift Profiling of Lysine Acetyltransferases Enables Screening and Mechanistic Analysis of Cellular Acetylation Inhibitors

Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) are critical regulators of signaling in many diseases, including cancer. A major challenge in establishing the targetable functions of KATs in disease is a lack of well-characterized, cell-active KAT inhibitors. To confront this challenge, here we report a microfluidic mobility shift platform for the discovery and characterization of small molecule KAT inhibitors. Novel fluorescent peptide substrates were developed for four well-known KAT enzymes (p300, Crebbp, Morf, and Gcn5). Enzyme-catalyzed acetylation alters the electrophoretic mobility of these peptides in a microfluidic chip, allowing facile and direct monitoring of KAT activity. A pilot screen was used to demonstrate the utility of microfluidic mobility shift profiling to identify known and novel modulators of KAT activity. Real-time kinetic monitoring of KAT activity revealed that garcinol, a natural product KAT inhibitor used in cellular studies, exhibits time-dependent and detergent-sensitive inhibition, consist...
Emerging Dialogic Structures in Education Reform: An analysis of Urban Teachers’ Online Compositions

This paper contextualizes contemporary urban teachers’ online dissent in public discussions of education reform in relation to past educational crisis narratives to interpret recent shifts in the structure of education reform dialogue in the United States. It does so by examining the form and content of compositions in which teachers respond to education reform. The analysis is intended to describe the digitally mediated roles teachers are asserting in a complex public debate over the future of education in the United States. The structure and content of education reform discourse has often cast teachers in static roles, which inhibits their active participation in discussions of educational policy. Using Mikhail Bakhtin’s position that language choices serve to stifle and/or reinvigorate dialogue, we examine contributions to online discussions and debate composed ostensibly by urban teachers in response to dominant discourses. The data were analyzed with respect to discursive choices and grouped subsequently as themed arguments and rhetorical moves. We argue that teachers’ strategic responses to education reform challenge stifling truisms that seek to suspend discussion of all other factors besides teacher quality. Teachers’ critical digital compositions thus re-create critical, multi-voiced conversations in place of monologues about school improvement. The online, public compositions point to the dynamic structure of reform discourse that has the potential to benefit those currently faulted for a variety of social problems. Nurturing and even exploiting the dynamic potential of educational reform discourse can create opportunities for teachers, policymakers, and educational researchers to mutually inform one another’s shared interest in educational improvement.
Using the multi-frequency technique to detect water-bearing strcture in the roof and floor of coal seam

We find a kind of technique that could determine the depth of the water-bearing structure in the roof and floor of coal seam using the multi-frequency technique to calculate and to analyse some data got from a coal mine. This technique demonstrate the way to research the location of the water-bearing structure in the roof and floor of coal seam.
THE USE OF LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING METHODS FOR STUDY OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY Treponema pallidum

Abstract Radioactive-isotope tracers have not been previously utilized to study Treponema pallidum. In this study, the use of liquid scintillation counting methods has been extended to gain additional knowledge of the microorganism. When extracts of T. pallidum-infected rabbit tissue are incubated with 14C-aminoacids and other metabolites required for protein synthesis, radioactivity is incorporated into an acid-, alcohol-, and ether-insoluble precipitate. The incorporation is Mg2+ dependent, with an optimum concentration of 2 to 4 mM. Separation of the treponemes from the cellular debris of the infected-tissue extracts, by means of centrifugation in sucrose density gradient, revealed that maximum radioactivity is associated with the microorganisms.
The great high-energy write-off

The US Congress wrote off $2bn and 10,000 person-years of effort in 1993 when it cancelled the giant, high-energy particle accelerator project known as the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), approved in 1987.
HYPOGLYCEMIA RATES AFTER RESTRICTION OF HIGH-DOSE GLARGINE IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

Objective: Hypoglycemia remains one of the main challenges of insulin therapy. To reduce insulin-related hypoglycemia at our institution, we restricted inpatient ordering of high glargine doses (≥0.5 U/kg/day) to endocrine staff in May 2013. This retrospective cohort study assesses its effect on hypoglycemia and glycemic control within 48 hours of admission (ADM). Methods: We identified 692 adult patients hospitalized at Boston Medical Center who received glargine upon ADM from November 1, 2012 through April 30, 2013 as the pre-intervention group, and 651 adult patients admitted between November 1, 2013 and April 30, 2014 as the postintervention group. Demographics, medical history, home insulin regimen, concurrent oral diabetes medications or glucocorticoid administration, ADM serum creatinine, all blood glucose levels (BG) ≤48 hours of ADM, and hemoglobin A1c values ≤3 months were assessed. Hypoglycemia was defined as BG ≤70 mg/dL, and hyperglycemia as BG ≥200 mg/dL. Multivariable regression models asse...
Genocide in the Context of War

The focus of this chapter is on exploring the connections between war and genocide. Since genocide tends to be perpetrated during wartime, I examine the conceptual and behavioral overlap between these two forms of collective violence, before defining and reviewing the concept of genocide. I then discuss the various ways in which war facilitates the perpetration of genocide because of the nature of military conflict and its impact on the communities and nations affected by the fighting, paying particular attention to the role of the state in perpetrating both war and genocide. I also examine the continuities between warfare and the creation of genocidal ideologies and policies, scapegoating, especially where groups defined as outsiders are concerned, and the targeting of civilians.
Evidence for Non-Topographic Afferent Projection and Growth-Related Central Reorganization in the Crayfish Olfactory System

Projection of primary olfactory neurons within the ipsilateral olfactory lobes in the crayfish brain was determined by axoplasmic transport of tritiated leucine, following restricted exposure of small numbers of aesthetascs to the radioligand.
Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression: Opportunities for therapeutic targeting from multiple angles

Despite aggressive treatment for localized cancer, prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for American men due to a subset of patients progressing to lethal and incurable metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Organ-confined PC is treated by surgery or radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while options for locally advanced and disseminated PC include radiation combined with ADT, or systemic treatments including chemotherapy. Progression to CRPC results from failure of ADT, which targets the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis and inhibits AR-driven proliferation and survival pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent PC to CRPC remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of AR has been shown to occur in CRPC despite depletion of circulating androgens by ADT. At the same time, the presence of AR-negative cell populations in CRPC has also been identified. While AR signaling has been proposed as the primary driver of CRPC, AR-independent signaling pathways may represent additional mechanisms underlying CRPC progression. Identification of new therapeutic strategies to target both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cell populations and, thereby, AR-driven as well as non-AR-driven PC cell growth and survival mechanisms would provide a two-pronged approach to eliminate CRPC cells with potential for synthetic lethality. In this review, we provide an overview of AR-dependent and AR-independent molecular mechanisms which drive CRPC, with special emphasis on the role of the Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling pathway in promoting castrate-resistant growth of PC through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms.
Prison as Punishment: A Behavior-Analytic Evaluation of Incarceration.

The USA currently imprisons over 2.2 million people (Glaze and Kaeble, 2014). Of those, about 70 % will be rearrested within 3 years of release (Durose, Cooper, & Synder, 2014). If prison is viewed as a large-scale intervention, it lacks empirical support of effectiveness. The present paper reviews criminological data related to incarceration and evaluates components of imprisonment in light of behavior-analytic research on punishment. These factors include elements such as the individual’s learning history and aspects of the punisher (e.g., intensity and immediacy). Partnering with other professionals, behavior analysts interested in this area could apply their skills in research and practice to help mitigate a large-scale problem of great social significance.
Online Contracting: New Developments

Consistent with a more sophisticated understanding of online contracts, several courts seem to be acknowledging the folly of blanket assent to online terms and rejecting the view that notice that contract terms apply to the transaction means notice of (and assent to) all of the terms. They also seem to be paying more attention to the potential for altering digital terms. These courts are applying existing contract rules in a way that recognizes the burdens that wrap contracting formats place on consumers. Consequently, they are paying attention to website design, presentation of terms, and the process by which consumers must manifest assent to determine whether a contract was formed.
Combined therapeutic effects of bortezomib and fenretinide on neuroblastoma cell growth and apoptosis

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 3266 The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was able to inhibit cell growth and angiogenesis in neuroblastoma (NB). Bortezomib has been shown to induce synergistic activity when combined with several other antineoplastic agents. Here, we assayed a putative increased antitumor activity of bortezomib if delivered to NB cells together with fenretinide (HPR), a synthetic retinoic acid used as apoptotic agent in a variety of cancers, including NB. Different NB cell lines were tested for sensitivity to bortezomib and HPR, given alone or in different dose-and time-dependent combination schedules. Cell proliferation, cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation, trypan blue staining, DNA fragmentation and western-blot analysis. Angiogenesis was assessed by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. A mouse orthotopic model that mimics the growth and spread of NB in humans was used to examine in vivo sensitivity. Incubation with 2,5 μM HPR caused >50% inhibition of NB cell growth when cells were treated with 5 nM bortezomib at 24 hours: these doses correspond to at least the half concentration necessary to have the same results when both drugs were administered alone. The inhibition of cell proliferation was associated to a marked G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest with a nearly complete depletion of S phase by the combined treatment. NB cell death, triggered by the combination of the two drugs, occurs with apoptosis features via ER stress and suppression of the unfolded protein response that is translated in the sequential activation of different genes related to these processes (i.e. GRP78, caspase-4, GADD 153, p-JNK). Tumor-bearing mice treated with HPR plus bortezomib lived statistically significantly longer than mice treated with each single drug. CAM analysis and histological evaluation of primary tumors evidenced that the combined therapeutic effects are mainly due to the increased antitumor activity more than to the anti-angiogenic potential of each drug. Our findings provide the rationale for design a new therapeutic strategy to treat NB based on this pharmacological combination.
A Forensic Methodology for Software-Defined Network Switches

This chapter presents a forensic methodology for computing systems in a software-defined networking environment that consists of an application plane, control plane and data plane. The methodology involves a forensic examination of the software-defined networking infrastructure from the perspective of a switch. Memory images of a live switch and southbound communications are leveraged to enable forensic investigators to identify and locate potential evidence for triage in real time. The methodology is evaluated using a real-world testbed exposed to network attacks. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology for forensic investigations of software-defined networking infrastructures.
Protonation and electrochemical reduction of rhodium– and iridium–dinitrogen complexes in organic solution

Protonation and reduction of pincer-ligated Rh– and Ir–N2 complexes have been studied by NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to assess the capability of these complexes to activate or reduce N2. Protonation, which is a prerequisite to electrochemical reduction, results in a cationic metal-hydride that loses N2 under an atmosphere of Ar. Reduction of the metal-hydride results in fast disproportionation of an unobserved transient Ir2+ species. These studies suggest that the regioselectivity of initial protonation is a strong determinant for the ability of a system to facilitate the reduction of N2.
A visible geography of invisible journeys: Central American migration and the politics of survival

Human rights groups have called undocumented Central American migrants the 'invisible victims' of criminal violence in Mexico. However, the geography of the unauthorised migration route through Mexico is highly visible; its location, protocols and violent practices constitute common knowledge in the communities through which it cuts its path. This paper examines the visual cues of the route. Images of places, such as the trailhead, the river at the borders, the migrant shelter and the train yard, provide focal points that orient migrants to the physical terrain. These images also orient activists, providing potent symbols for political contestation in favour of migrants' rights. However, visibility attracts criminal gangs who rob, kidnap and rape migrants, and the gaze of state officials who detain and deport migrants. Thus, this paper traces how geographic icons become beacons to migrants, activists, criminal predators and state actors, and it examines the nature of information and representation under this strategic interaction. It examines how victims and perpetrators become visible to one another.
Optimal phase control of biological oscillators using augmented phase reduction

We develop a novel optimal control algorithm to change the phase of an oscillator using a minimum energy input, which also minimizes the oscillator’s transversal distance to the uncontrolled periodic orbit. Our algorithm uses a two-dimensional reduction technique based on both isochrons and isostables. We develop a novel method to eliminate cardiac alternans by connecting our control algorithm with the underlying physiological problem. We also describe how the devised algorithm can be used for spike timing control which can potentially help with motor symptoms of essential and parkinsonian tremor, and aid in treating jet lag. To demonstrate the advantages of this algorithm, we compare it with a previously proposed optimal control algorithm based on standard phase reduction for the Hopf bifurcation normal form, and models for cardiac pacemaker cells, thalamic neurons, and circadian gene regulation cycle in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We show that our control algorithm is effective even when a large phase change is required or when the nontrivial Floquet multiplier is close to unity; in such cases, the previously proposed control algorithm fails.
False Critical Points at Infinity of the Second Kind

Let us consider a pair of periodic orbits which degenerate and cancel, through a simple degeneracy. We wish to prove, in this section, that another simple degeneracy, for another type of curves, which are labeled false critical points at infinity of the second kind, takes place at the same time. For sake of simplicity, we will assume that the degenerate periodic orbit has Morse index (including nullity) equal to 2. The Morse index is computed for the functional J(x) = a for x ∈ Cβ, having \(\dot x = a\xi + bv\). Since this index is 2, the H 0 1 -index at any time t0 (index with a nullity for the w-component η of the tangent vector field z = λξ + μυ + ηw at t0) is at least 1. This implies, because υ turns in any ξ-transported frame, see Proposition A3 of [2], that the degeneracy direction u coincides with the direction ±υ at least once and, in fact, exactly twice. All the claims stated above require, for their complete proofs, technical arguments which are not very difficult and are skipped here. Setting the time zero on the degenerating periodic orbit at a time when ucoincides with y and setting, for sake of simplicity, the time whereucoincides with –v to be 1/2, denoting l/isthe one-parameter group of, we have $$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {d{\psi _{1,x(0)}}(v) = v,} \\ {d{\psi _{1/2,x(0)}}v = {\theta _0}v, {\theta _0} < 0.} \end{array}} \right.$$
Strongly fluctuating moments in the high-temperature magnetic superconductor RbEuFe 4 As 4

The iron-based superconductor $\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{Eu}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{As}}_{4}$ undergoes a magnetic phase transition deep in the superconducting state. We investigate the calorimetric response of $\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{Eu}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{As}}_{4}$ single crystals of the magnetic and the superconducting phase and its anisotropy to in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. Whereas the unusual cusplike anomaly associated with the magnetic transition is suppressed to lower temperatures for fields along the crystallographic $c$ axis, it rapidly transforms to a broad shoulder shifting to higher temperatures for in-plane fields. We identify the cusp in the specific-heat data as a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition with fine features caused by the three-dimensional effects. The high-temperature shoulder in high magnetic fields marks a crossover from a paramagnetically disordered to an ordered state. This observation is further supported by Monte Carlo simulations of an easy-plane two-dimensional Heisenberg model and a fourth-order high-temperature expansion, both of which agree qualitatively and quantitatively with the experimental findings.
Association between posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a microbe known to affect numerous organ systems, and in particular, can cause neurological manifestations. We describe an otherwise healthy child who presented with acute onset intractable headache with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a neurological manifestation that presents with headache, vision changes, altered mental status, or seizures. Our patient did not have any of the common etiologies for PRES reported but tested positive for acute M. pneumonia infection. The clinical course followed that expected in PRES with rapid resolution of symptoms and MRI findings in subsequent imaging. Literature review shows association between Mycoplasma infection with encephalitis and cerebellitis, but none with PRES in children. Evidence of recent mycoplasma infection in a healthy patient presenting with clinical/radiological findings consistent with PRES, especially in the absence of known predisposing factors, raises the question of M. pneumoniae infection being a trigger for PRES.
Successful Implementation of a Perioperative Data Warehouse Using Another Hospital's Published Specification From Epic's Electronic Health Record System.

BACKGROUND Many hospitals have replaced their legacy anesthesia information management system with an enterprise-wide electronic health record system. Integrating the anesthesia data within the context of the global hospital information infrastructure has created substantive challenges for many organizations. A process to build a perioperative data warehouse from Epic was recently published from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), but the generalizability of that process is unknown. We describe the implementation of their process at the University of Miami (UM). METHODS The UCLA process was tested at UM, and performance was evaluated following the configuration of a reporting server and transfer of the required Clarity tables to that server. Modifications required for the code to execute correctly in the UM environment were identified and implemented, including the addition of locally specified elements in the database. RESULTS The UCLA code to build the base tables in the perioperative data warehouse executed correctly after minor modifications to match the local server and database architecture at UM. The 26 stored procedures in the UCLA process all ran correctly using the default settings provided and populated the base tables. After modification of the item lists to reflect the UM implementation of Epic (eg, medications, laboratory tests, physiologic monitors, and anesthesia machine parameters), the UCLA code ran correctly and populated the base tables. The data from those tables were used successfully to populate the existing perioperative data warehouse at UM, which housed data from the legacy anesthesia information management system of the institution. The time to pull data from Epic and populate the perioperative data warehouse was 197 ± 47 minutes (standard deviation [SD]) on weekdays and 260 ± 56 minutes (SD) on weekend days, measured over 100 consecutive days. The longer times on weekends reflect the simultaneous execution of database maintenance tasks on the reporting server. The UCLA extract process has been in production at UM for the past 18 months and has been invaluable for quality assurance, business process, and research activities. CONCLUSIONS The data schema developed at UCLA proved to be a practical and scalable method to extract information from the Epic electronic health system database into the perioperative data warehouse in use at UM. Implementing the process developed at UCLA to build a comprehensive perioperative data warehouse from Epic is an extensible process that other hospitals seeking more efficient access to their electronic health record data should consider.
13 – United States Criminal Code: Offenses Against Persons and Property

Publisher Summary Federal law is similar to the Model Penal Code and many state statutes in that it recognizes accessory after the fact as a separate crime. To establish a violation of the accessory after the fact statute, the government is required to prove that the defendant, knowing that the offender has committed an offense, gave him or her comfort or assistance for purposes of hindering or preventing the offender's apprehension, trial, or punishment. A federal circuit court declared that a defendant who is accused of being an accessory after the fact must be shown to have had actual knowledge of each element of the underlying offense. Federal crimes, as state crimes, consist of a criminal act, the requisite state of mind, causation, and concurrence. The chapter also describes about juvenile crimes. A juvenile is defined as a person who has not attained his or her eighteenth birthday. It is a policy of the federal government to surrender jurisdiction in juvenile cases to the appropriate legal authorities of the state. It is important to understand that federal crimes are defined statutorily in the U.S. Code, they are prosecuted by federal prosecutors, and they are tried in federal courts.
Social Stigma and Perinatal Substance Use Services: Recognizing the Power of the Good Mother Ideal:

People who are diagnosed with a substance use disorder can experience stigmatizing interactions with health and social service providers, which may decrease both quality and continuity of care. For...
Sexist Discrimination and Women’s Use of Intimate Partner Aggression: Results From a Nationally Representative Sample of Women:

Women’s use of intimate partner aggression remains a controversial research topic. Studies suggest that experiences of racism and heterosexism are associated with the use of intimate partner aggres...
"Constant Stress Has Become the New Normal": Stress and Anxiety Inequalities Among U.S. College Students in the Time of COVID-19.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to document young adults' perceived stress and anxiety in a diverse sample of college students across the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We recruited, via Instagram, a sample of full-time college students aged 18–22 from across the U.S. We surveyed them in April (baseline; N = 707; mean age = 20.0, SD = 1.3) and July (follow-up) 2020. This study presents overall levels of perceived stress and general anxiety symptoms and inequalities across each of these outcomes by gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and household income. We also explore potential explanations for these health issues by analyzing baseline qualitative data. Results All students, on average, were suffering from perceived stress and anxiety, with especially high levels in April. We also identified inequalities in college student mental well-being, particularly by gender identity and sexual orientation. Women reported worse well-being compared with men; transgender and gender diverse and sexual minority youths reported worse outcomes than their cisgender, heterosexual peers at both time points. Qualitative data illustrate how the COVID-19 pandemic has generated educational, economic, and environmental stressors that are affecting college students' well-being. Conclusions As colleges and universities think about how to manage and mitigate the infectious disease dimensions of COVID-19 among their student populations, they must also consider who is most at risk for increased stress and anxiety during the pandemic.
Uncovering topographically hidden features in 2D MoSe2 with correlated potential and optical nanoprobes

Developing characterization strategies to better understand nanoscale features in two-dimensional nanomaterials is of crucial importance, as the properties of these materials are many times driven by nanoscale and microscale chemical and structural modifications within the material. For the case of large area monolayer MoSe2 flakes, kelvin probe force microscopy coupled with tip-enhanced photoluminescence was utilized to evaluate such features including internal grain boundaries, edge effects, bilayer contributions, and effects of oxidation/aging, many of which are invisible to topographical mapping. A reduction in surface potential due to n-type behavior was observed at the edge of the flakes as well as near grain boundaries. Potential phase mapping, which corresponds to the local dielectric constant, depicted local biexciton and trion states in optically-active regions of interest such as grain boundaries. Finally, nanoscale surface potential and photoluminescence mapping was performed at several stages of oxidation, revealing that various oxidative states can be evaluated during the aging process. Importantly, all of the characterization performed in this study was non-destructive and rapid, crucial for quality evaluation of an exciting class of two-dimensional nanomaterials.
Ethical Issues in the Dermatology Match

The first centralized matching of graduating medical students with postgraduate training programs through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) occurred in 1952. However, the process of applying to dermatology residency programs actually encompasses much more than just the match. Throughout the process, there are opportunities for both applicants and residency programs to behave unethically. Unethical behavior may involve outright dishonesty, violation of NRMP policy, or more nuanced actions. Additionally, multiple systemic issues in the application process have important ethical implications and potentially negative consequences for trainees, residency programs, and patients. As dermatologists and physicians, we are obligated to examine the ethics of the system through which we select candidates for post-graduate training. This chapter will explore potential unethical behavior by both applicants and residency programs. Issues including potential bias, the “shotgun” application method, application costs, and lack of holistic review have ethical implications worth considering and consequences not only for the process but also for our specialty’s future.
In Situ Thermal Runaway Detection in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Integrated Internal Sensor

Safety is of prime importance for energy storage systems. Novel solutions viz., electrolyte additives, shut-off separators have limited scope in their response time and performance. Here, we report in situ sensing of thermal signatures using an internal RTD. Sensing the temperature beneath the anode gives direct access to the heat liberated during thermal runaway, including solid electrolyte interface decomposition. External short circuit and overcharge tests were simulated, and temperature of 36.4°C and 48.4°C were recorded using internal RTDs and modeling explained the occurrence of different regimes. Multimode Calorimetry of modified LIB yielded more endothermic peaks beyond 150°C due to the presence of polylactic acid holder. Overall 1.75 kJ g-1 of generated heat was measured using MMC, which is significantly lower than LIB without RTD sensor. The RTD embedded assembly acts as a passive safety device. Our work can lead to conducive LIBs for high energy density applications.
The ‘outward/inward-looking principle’: Akìwowo and the sociology of development in Africa

Akiwowo’s vision and scholarship were very much impacted by his historical context. Most of his work was conducted after independence when the issue of development was upmost in the minds of Nigeri...
Diagnostic performance of imaging criteria for distinguishing autoimmune cholangiopathy from primary sclerosing cholangitis and bile duct malignancy

To determine the diagnostic performance of imaging criteria for distinguishing Ig-G4-associated autoimmune cholangiopathy (IAC) from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and bile duct malignancy. A medical records search between January 2008 and October 2013 identified 10 patients (8 M, 2 F, mean age 61 years, range 34–82) with a clinical diagnosis of IAC. Fifteen cases of PSC (6 M, 9 F, mean age 50, range 22–65) and 15 cases of biliary malignancy (7 M, 8 F, mean age 65, range 48–84) were randomly selected for comparative analysis. Three abdominal radiologists independently reviewed MRI with MRCP (n = 32) or CT (n = 8) and ERCP (n = 8) for the following IAC imaging predictors: single-wall bile duct thickness >2.5 mm, continuous biliary involvement, gallbladder involvement, liver disease, peribiliary mass, or pancreatic and renal abnormalities. Each radiologist provided an imaging-based diagnosis (IAC, PSC, or cancer). Imaging predictor sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and association with IAC using Fisher’s exact test. Inter-reader agreement determined using Fleiss’ kappa statistics. For diagnosis of IAC, sensitivities and specificities were high (70–93%). Pancreatic abnormality was strongest predictor for distinguishing IAC from PSC and cancer, with high diagnostic performance (70–80% sensitivity, 87–97% specificity), significant association (p < 0.01), and moderate inter-reader agreement (κ = 0.59). Continuous biliary involvement was moderately predictive (50–100% sensitivity, 53–83% specificity) and trended toward significant association in distinguishing from PSC (p = 0.01–0.19), but less from cancer (p = 0.06–0.62). It remains difficult to distinguish IAC from PSC or bile duct malignancy based on imaging features alone. The presence of pancreatic abnormalities, including peripancreatic rind, atrophy, abnormal enhancement, or T2 signal intensity, strongly favors a diagnosis of IAC.
Dynamic Lung Imaging Techniques in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are required for the majority of critically ill patients in tertiary care intensive care units (ICUs) [1]. During mechanical ventilation, patients often have imbalances in regional lung ventilation due to heterogeneity of lung mechanics. The current methods generally available for assessing lung function in mechanically ventilated patients include arterial blood gas analysis and graphic waveforms from ventilators (flow, pressure and volume over time as well as pressure-volume, pressure-flow and flow-volume loops). At best, these methods reflect only overall lung function, while failing to give information on disparate regional functionality Unlike data collected from the ventilator or the blood, lung imaging allows for regional assessment of anatomy or function. Methods which pro-vide the capability of quantifying these regional differences in mechanically ventilated patients are of great interest.
The Cilk system for parallel multithreaded computing

Although cost-effective parallel machines are now commercially available, the widespread use of parallel processing is still being held back, due mainly to the difficulty of parallel programming. In particular, it is still difficult to build efficient implementations of parallel applications whose communication patterns are either highly irregular or dependent upon dynamic information. Multithreading has become an increasingly popular way to implement these dynamic, asynchronous, concurrent programs. Cilk (pronounced "silk") is our C-based multithreaded computing system that provides provably good performance guarantees. This thesis describes the evolution of the Cilk language and runtime system, as well as applications which affected the evolution of the system. Using Cilk, programmers are able to express their applications either by writing multithreaded code written in a continuation-passing style, or by writing code using normal call/return semantics and specifying which calls can be performed in parallel. The Cilk runtime system takes complete control of the scheduling, load-balancing, and communication needed to execute the program, thereby insulating the programmer from these details. The programmer can rest assured that his program will be executed efficiently since the Cilk scheduler provably achieves time, space, and communication bounds all within a constant factor of optimal. For distributed memory environments, we have implemented a software shared memory system for Cilk. We have defined a "dag-consistent" memory model which is a lock-free consistency model well suited to the needs of a multithreaded program. Because dag consistency is a weak consistency model, we have been able to implement coherence efficiently in software. The $\star$Socrates computer chess program is the most complex application written in Cilk. $\star$Socrates is a large, nondeterministic, challenging application whose complex control dependencies make it inexpressible in many other parallel programming systems. Running on an 1824-node Paragon, $\star$Socrates finished second in the 1995 World Computer Chess Championship. Currently, versions of Cilk run on the Thinking Machines CM-5, the Intel Paragon, various SMPs, and on networks of workstations. The same Cilk program will run on all of these platforms with a little, if any, modification. Applications written in Cilk include protein folding, graphic rendering, backtrack search, and computer chess. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)