cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Future design mindful of the MoRAS

As human-computer interaction (HCI) expands its scope, the proper context for the design of information technology (IT) is increasingly an interconnected mosaic of responsive adaptive systems (MoRAS) including people's heads, organizations, communities, markets, and cultures. The introduction of IT not only perturbs the individual systems but also critically changes the coupling structure of the whole mosaic that comprises them. These various systems respond and adapt to these changes, in effect undertaking their own sort of "design" efforts, sometimes at odds with explicit intentions. The need to understand the role of all these different systems in the outcome explains why IT design has become an increasingly interdisciplinary effort. It is likely that our designs will be more successful if we become more mindful of this bigger picture. This article discusses the motivations for the MoRAS perspective; briefly sketches the MoRAS itself; and presents some tales that illustrate its dynamics, the role of IT within it, and the implications for the future trajectory of HCI. The article concludes with design implications and an agenda for furthering the framework.
Coadsorbate-induced undepolarization of alkali overlayers

Abstract We have measured the work-function changes induced by the coadsorption of oxygen or carbon monoxide with sodium as a function of alkali precoverage for the systems O 2 /Na/Cu(111), O 2 /Na/Ni(111), and CO/Na/Ni(111). In agreement with results for many other related systems, we observe anomalous work-function decreases for initial doses of both O 2 and CO for high alkali precoverages. Our data are inconsistent with the standard explanations for these results. We propose a new model in which the work-function changes induced by the coadsorbate involve a combination of coadsorbate dipole moment and coadsorbate-induced undepolarization of the alkali overlayer.
Predictors of Optimal Outcome in Toddlers Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders

A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is usually taken to be permanent. In this study, 13 two-year-old children with ASD lost the diagnosis by age 4, at which time they scored within the normal range on standardized measures of cognitive and adaptive functioning. No differences were found in symptom severity, socialization, or communication between children who lost the ASD diagnosis and children who did not, but children with PDD-NOS were significantly more likely than those with full autistic disorder to move off the spectrum. The clearest distinguishing factor was motor skills at age 2. Results support the idea that some toddlers with ASD can lose their diagnosis and suggest that this is difficult to predict.
Managers' Conduct and Workers' Dignity: Making the Sociological Link:

Randy Hodson reminds us in this insightful book that what is really central to workers in all occupations, professions, and trades, is that they receive a sense of dignity in their work and that earned dignity comes from contributing creatively to the quality of the product or efficiency of the work process at hand and from being acknowledged and appreciated for that contribution. Respect and dignity, however, are not easily obtained, and as Hodson shows, much of what work is about is the struggle to achieve these. The primary contribution of Hodson's work lies in his argument and demonstration that the key impediment to employees getting a sense of dignity from their work lies in management, or I should say, mismanagement. Mismanagement can take many forms, from outright abuse on the part of managers to managerial efforts to squeeze more out of employees by overworking them. It includes incompetent managers who fail to establish standards of excellence or quality in the product, and who even fail to organize production effectively. Their confusion or lack of performance standards means that they are open to the ingratiation attempts of subordinates, that they play favorites, and that they fail to acknowledge quality work when it is done. Incompetent management also includes the power-hungry managers who cannot or will not relinquish any parcel of control, even where greater worker voice and autonomy would improve the work product. One of the strengths of Dignity at Work is that Hodson shows how all of these forms of management incompetence and abuse rob employees of their capacity to do good work and thereby undermine the pride that workers take, and want to take, in their work.
Variation in dietary histories among the immigrants of Machu Picchu: carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence

Este estudio estima la composicion dietetica durante la infancia y la ninez en 71 entierros de adultos del sitio Machu Picchu, una propiedad real Inca en las montanas de Peru. Esta investigacion sugiere que la mayoria de los individuos eran miembros de una clase cosmopolita de servidores yana y aclla que inmigraron a este sitio desde diferentes regiones, por lo que sus historias dieteticas tempranas pudieron haber sido variadas. La dieta fue estimada en multiples puntos de la primera parte de la vida de estos individuos a traves de la caracterizacion de las proporciones de isotopicos estables de carbon y nitrogeno conservados en el esmalte y dentina de la dentadura desde las primeras epocas de vida de los individuos. Estos datos fueron comparados con datos isotopicos de alimentos actuales y analizados con modelos estadisticos recientemente publicados. De un subconjunto de individuos se obtuvieron, ademas, datos isotopicos del colageno contenido en los huesos, que reflejan la dieta de la ultima decada de vida de estos, lo que permite hacer una comparacion del ciclo total de vida. Los resultados muestran notables variaciones en las δ13C del esmalte (aproximadamente 12) y dentina (aproximadamente 9) y en δ15N de la dentina (aproximadamente 8). Estos resultados sugieren importantes diferencias en la dieta de los individuos durante la infancia y la ninez y apoyan las interpretaciones que esta poblacion era principalmente yanacona o una mezcla yanacona/acllacona. Este estudio destaca tambien la utilidad de analisis isotopicos sobre distintos tejidos para una reconstruccion mas novedosa de la dieta y subsistencia en la prehistoria andina.
Feedback based routing

In this paper, we describe the problems that affect availability in BGP, such as vulnerability to attacks, slow convergence time, and lack of scalability. These problems arise from the basic assumption of BGP: every router has to cooperate to make routing work. We propose a new routing system, feedback based routing, which bifurcates structural information and dynamic information. Only structural information is propagated. Dynamic information is discovered by the routers based on feedback and probes. Routing decisions are made based on the dynamic information. We argue that this system is resilient to minority compromises in the infrastructure, provides higher availability than BGP, and can scale to the size of the Internet of the future.
Neophilia and exploration in juvenile common ravens, Corvus corax

Abstract The well-known attraction of corvid birds ot bright, shiny, inanimate objects appears to be without direct or immediate utility. Whether this attraction is an exploratory behaviour related to food finding was tested. All objects that four ravens contracted in a semi-controlled but relatively natural forest environment during 38 (usually daily) 30-min sessions were recorded, starting when they left the nest. During the first 10 sessions (up to 15 days post-fledging), the young birds contracted 980 natural objects of 95 kinds or categories that were not added into their environment. In the 28 subsequent sessions, 44 novel item categories were introduced sequentially into their environment and the birds' attraction to these items was compared to previously seen (background) items and to seveal criteria (edible/inedible, conspicuous/cryptic). The juvenile birds always preferentially chose items that they had never seen before, from 42 to 24 000 times above previously contracted items. Attraction depended on the novelty of the item, without relevance to either its palatability or its shininess or conspicuousness. Novel inedible items, however, were soon treated as background items regardless of their conspicuousness or previous attractiveness. Edible items, in contrast, became preferred items. The birds' behaviour should result in their assessing the background milieu of any environment and then potentially finding all edible objects in it. This prediction was tested by subjecting the forest birds to a range of items from a seashore.
Optimal parallel quicksort on EREW PRAM

In this paper, we present parallel quicksort algorithms running inO((n/p+logp) logn) expected time andO((n/p+logp+log logn) logn) deterministic time respectively, and both withO(n) space by usingp processors on EREW PRAM. Whenp=O(n/logn), the cost is optimal, in terms of the product of time and number of processors. These algorithms can be used to obtain parallel algorithms for constructing balanced binary search trees without using sorting algorithms. One of our quicksort algorithms leads to a parallel quickhull algorithm on EREW PRAM.
Case report 875

A 62-year-old man who had had chronic brucellosis for at least 14 years, presumably caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk, presented with recurrent, multifocal osteomyelitis involving both tibias and a humerus, which had a pathologic fracture. Radiographs showed a large destructive lesion in the humeral diaphysis with a pathologic fracture and multiloculated radiolucencies, together with sclerotic zones in multiple long bones. Histologically, necrotizing, granulomatous inflammatory changes were compatible with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Bone biopsy cultures and agglutination titers were positive for Brucella abortus. The case represents an uncommon manifestation of Brucella infection which is particularly rare in the United States. A proper clinical examination should lead to consideration of the diagnosis.
Effects of turbulent mixing and chemical kineticson nitric oxide production in a jet-stirred reactor

A conical jet-stirred reactor was utilized to study the formation of nitric oxide under nearstoichiometric conditions, and at pressures varying from 0.25 to 1 atm. Measurements of temperature, mass-flow rate, equivalence ratio, nitric oxide and oxygen concentrations were made and compared with perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) predictions, based on kinetic rate data and mechanisms chosen to maximize predicted NO formation and to correctly predict reactor blowout conditions. Observed blowout flow rates were greater by a factor of 2 than that predicted using PSR assumptions and rate data and mechanisms due to Marteney and due to Seery and Bowman. Measured NO levels were higher by a factor of 3 to 10 than predicted by the PSR computer model. A one-parameter “two-environment” mixing model was unsuccessfully applied to the analytical model, in an attempt to correct for imperfect stirring. Since factors controlling formation of NO by the Zeldovich mechanism were suppressed (short residence time and low combustion temperature), the high levels of NO observed are postulated to be due to fast NO-producing reactions occurring during pyrolysis steps of the reaction mechanism.
Application of an optimized digital correlation method to planar deformation analysis

Abstract An optimized digital correlation method (DCM) has been developed to improve previously reported iterative DCMs. The optimized method is shown to be much faster than previous methods while achieving accuracy equivalent to that obtained via simple coarse-fine iterative techniques. The optimized correlation routine employs the Newton-Raphson method with differential corrections to minimize search time. The paper illustrates the optimized DCM and presents a simple flowchart of a practical program. Experiments indicate that the optimized DCM is successful in displacement measurement. In direct strain measurement, however, both DCMs using a coarse-fine search routine and those using the proposed optimized correlation procedure are shown to have large variability in the computed strains.
Trends in antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among United States adults with hypertension: the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 to 2010.

Background— The monitoring of national trends in hypertension treatment and control can provide important insight into the effectiveness of primary prevention efforts for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to examine recent trends in antihypertensive medication use and its impact on blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension. Methods and Results— A total of 9320 hypertensive people aged ≥18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2010 were included in this study. The prevalence of antihypertensive medication use increased from 63.5% in 2001 to 2002 to 77.3% in 2009 to 2010 ( P trend P trend Conclusions— Antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension significantly increased over the past 10 years. Combination therapy regimens can facilitate achievement of blood pressure goals.
Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity of nylon 11 films with different draw ratios

The first studies by Shuford et al. (Polym Eng Sci 1976, 16, 25) of the effect of draw ratio on the piezoelectric properties of poled poly(vinylidene fluoride) films concluded that the effect of molecular orientation due to draw prior to film polarization was to increase greatly the piezoelectric response. In fact, unoriented films (being crystallized in the nonpolar crystal form, phase II) showed negligible piezoelectricity. It was clear that the effect of increased draw ratio prior to film polarization was to increase the measured piezoelectric coefficients, because draw gave rise to a phase transition to a polar crystal phase, phase I, and molecular chain orientation in the plane of the film, subject to high electric poling fields perpendicular to the plane of the film, resulted in a preferred dipole orientation perpendicular to the plane of the film by a rotation about molecular stems. A detailed study of nylon 11 films and other odd nylons has shown that these polymers also can exhibit ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity of comparable or greater magnitude than that exhibited by poly(vinylidene fluoride) with a greater thermal stability. For these polymers, the effect of draw on piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity is not complicated by the effect of crystal phase transitions. For this reason, a study of the effect of draw ratio on the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of nylon 11 was initiated in order to provide some insight into the direct effect of molecular orientation (without accompanying phase changes) on piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. Some melt-quenched nylon 11 films were uniaxially drawn to draw ratios, ranging from 1.5 : 1 to 3.5 : 1 in increments of 0.5, at room temperature. Both undrawn and drawn films were found to exhibit an electric displacement vs. electric field hysteresis loop, characteristic of ferroelectric materials. As the draw ratio increased from 1 : 1 to 3.5 : 1, the remanent polarization increased from 25 to 53 mC/m2 and the coercive field decreased from 73 to 63 MV/m. The piezoelectric response and electromechanical coupling constant were also measured at temperatures of 25°C and 120°C under dry conditions. As the draw ratio of the films increased from 1 : 1 to 3.5 : 1, the piezoelectric strain coefficient d′31 measured at 25°C remained unchanged at ∼ 1.1 pC/N but the piezoelectric stress coefficient e′31 increased from 2.1 to 4.9 mC/m2. At 120°C, d′31 increased from 3.8 to 20 pC/N and e′31 from 0.5 to 27 mC/m2. d′31 showed a linear relationship with the remanent polarization Pr at both 25°C and 120°C for all draw ratios but e′31 showed this relationship only at 25°C. The electromechanical coupling constant k′31 increased from 0.42% to 0.61% at 25°C and from 0.42% to 1.56% at 120°C as the draw ratio increased to 3 : 1. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2737–2746, 1999
INTERPRETATION OF QUASIFREE PROTON-DEUTERON SCATTERING

Proton-deuteron inelastic scattering is studied in impulse approximation, using the formalism of Cromer. The $S$-wave final-state interaction of the two target nucleons is included. Expressions are evaluated for a scattering energy of 142 MeV. The results for quasifree scattering are compared with calculations of Everett. Results for quasifree $p\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering are compared with measurements of cross section, polarization, and triple-scattering parameters $R$ and $A$. Agreement for all but cross section is good, that for cross section is qualitatively right. Results for quasifree $p\ensuremath{-}n$ scattering are used to obtain corrections relating quasifree measurements of $P$, $R$, $A$, and $D$ to the free $n\ensuremath{-}p$ parameters. These corrections are applied to the existing measurements of $P$, $R$, and $A$. Frequently, the corrections are larger than the experimental errors, and must be made before the data can be interpreted as $n\ensuremath{-}p$ data. Scattering in which the target nucleons are left in a relative singlet spin state is considered, polarization parameters are evaluated, and methods for measuring them discussed.
A fast microflow apparatus

A microflow apparatus has been built with a time resolution of 1 ms for mixing volumes of at least 80 μl per syringe. A time resolution of 3 ms is attained for mixing volumes of 10 μl per syringe. Equal volumes are mixed and concentration changes are observed photometrically using fiber optics for coupling light into and out of the observation tube having 1 mm diameter and 10 mm light path length. The reaction of ferrocytochrome c with ferrihexacyanide was used to calibrate the apparatus at 550 nm (10 nm half‐width).
Influence of Diet and Feed Restriction on Kidney Function of Aging Male Rats

The influence of diet and feed restriction on kidney function was studied in aging male albino rats. Rats were fed either a commercial feed (LB) or a modified human diet (MHD) from weaning until sacrifice at either 12 or 24 mo. of age. Restricted rats were fed for only 15 out of each 48 hours. Feed restriction during either the first, the second, or both years of life was beneficial in delaying age-associated changes in kidney function as indicated by decreased proteinuria, increased in vitro transport of paraaminohippuric acid, and reduced incidence and severity of renal lesions. Urinary creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were also favorably influenced by restriction. Most parameters were modified by diet as well as by restriction, with MHD being generally associated with improved kidney function. Improvement in kidney function may have been more related to a reduction in protein intake than to a reduction in caloric intake as a whole.
Correlations between Scores on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised were given to 32 general psychology students (16 men, 16 women). All 15 Pearson correlations between the composite and area scores of Binet IV with WAIS—R IQs were statistically significant. Of 5 correlations for subtest pairs of the two tests, 4 (.59 to .86) were statistically significant. Binet IV may be a viable alternative or retest instrument for WAIS—R for use with young adults.
A K-band integrated bandpass filter in 90-nm CMOS technology

This paper investigates the design and implementation of integrated bandpass filters in standard 90-nm CMOS technology for K-band applications. A Chebyshev bandpass filter with a measured 7% 1-dB bandwidth at 20 GHz is realized using lumped-element components. Meander-line inductors are implemented using the thick metallization layer of the CMOS process to improve the filter quality factor. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors are implemented using the thin SiO2 layer of the process to reduce the size of the filter. The effect of dense metal filling is considered in full-wave simulations to predict the filter response after fabrication. Measurement results show an insertion loss of 5 dB, a return loss better than 10 dB and an unloaded quality factor of 12.5 for the bandpass filter at 20 GHz. The reported filter is at least 10 times smaller compared to the equivalent microstrip-based filter at K-band frequency.
Cloning, characterization, and expression of a novel gene encoding a reversible 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase from Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum.

A novel gene, designated ohb1, which encodes the oxygen-sensitive and biotin-, ATP-, thiamin-, pyridoxal phosphate-, and metal-ion-independent, reversible 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (4-HOB-DC) from the obligate anaerobe Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum JW/Z-1T was sequenced (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AF128880","term_id":"67462196","term_text":"AF128880"}}AF128880) and expressed. The 1,440-bp open reading frame (ORF) (ohb1) encodes 480 amino acids. Major properties of the heterologous enzyme (Ohb1) expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α were the same as those described for the native 4-HOB-DC (Z. He and J. Wiegel, J. Bacteriol. 178:3539–3543, 1996). The deduced amino acid sequence shows up to 57% identity and up to 74% similarity to hypothetical proteins deduced from ORFs in genomes from bacteria and archaea, suggesting a possible novel gene family.
Short-term effects of atrial versus atrio-ventricular pacing on myocardial ischaemia in coronary artery disease patients.

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of short-term atrial vs atrio-ventricular pacing on myocardial ischaemia. The study was in two parts. In part one, 12 coronary artery disease patients were studied to investigate the effects of the two pacing modes on angina pectoris, coronary sinus O2 saturation and lactate. The two pacing modes were each applied for 5 min at 25 beats. min−1 more than the maximum heart rate of the exercise test. Coronary sinus O2 saturation and lactate were estimated before and after pacing. In part two, 13 patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease were studied to investigate the effects of the two pacing modes on coronary flow reserve, using a Doppler catheter in the above mentioned branch after the administration of 10 mg intracoronary papaverine. The pacing rate was 15 beats . min−1 greater than the resting heart rate. Coronary sinus lactate and O2 saturation changes were the same and angina pectoris developed at about the same time from the beginning of pacing under both modes. Coronary flow reserve was 2.1±0.7 during atrial pacing and 2.1±1.1 during atrio-ventricular pacing (ns). It is concluded that short-term atrial and atrio-ventricular pacing have the same effects on myocardial ischaemia in coronary artery disease patients.
Advertising trends: Innovation and the process of creative destruction

Abstract The communications industry is vibrant and inventive. In the twentieth century alone, at least five new forms of communication have been created and (at least partially) adopted by consumers: radio, broadcast television, cable television, video cassette recorders, and on-line media (e.g., the Internet, CompuServe, and other on-line services). At the same time, the advertising industry creates hybrids (e.g., commercials that look like TV shows and TV advertising in elementary schools). These innovations foment turbulence in society (e.g., layoffs for some employees and future shock for consumers) and also create puzzling ethical conflicts that are difficult to resolve. Here, the metaphor of creative destruction is introduced to describe the challenges that agency personnel and academic researchers face in the middle 1990s.
Redox signaling via the molecular chaperone BiP protects cells against endoplasmic reticulum-derived oxidative stress

Oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a potentially significant source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies suggest that levels of ROS generated as a byproduct of oxidative folding rival those produced by mitochondrial respiration. Mechanisms that protect cells against oxidant accumulation within the ER have begun to be elucidated yet many questions still remain regarding how cells prevent oxidant-induced damage from ER folding events. Here we report a new role for a central well-characterized player in ER homeostasis as a direct sensor of ER redox imbalance. Specifically we show that a conserved cysteine in the lumenal chaperone BiP is susceptible to oxidation by peroxide, and we demonstrate that oxidation of this conserved cysteine disrupts BiP's ATPase cycle. We propose that alteration of BiP activity upon oxidation helps cells cope with disruption to oxidative folding within the ER during oxidative stress.
Heat capacity measurement of organic thermal energy storage materials

Abstract The heat capacities of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPL), and neopentylglycol (NPG) are measured from (193.15 to 473.15) K by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The heat capacities of the low temperature layered or chain ordered phases, high temperature orientationally disordered phases, and the liquid phases are reported for these compounds. The low temperature heat capacities (193.15 to 280) K of AMPL are reported for the first time. The heat capacities obtained from our MDSC experiments are in good agreement with adiabatic calorimetry measurements.
Influence of sulfometuron methyl on conifer seedling root development

On three sites in coastal northwestern Oregon, USA, seedling root and shoot development were assessed for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western red-cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) container seedlings under varying sulfometuron methyl (Oust XP®) herbicide application treatments. Treatments consisted of application of 0.16 kg active ingredient (ai) ha−1 as a site preparation in fall 2003, a release application in fall 2004, or a control treatment with no application. Seedlings were planted in winter 2004 and measurements recorded in summer 2004, winter 2005, and summer 2005. During first season growth, western red-cedar seedlings showed the greatest negative impact to site preparation compared to the control with overall average new root length outside the root plug reduced by 67%. Significant reductions in root length also occurred for western hemlock (47%) and Douglas-fir (40%) seedlings. About 9 months after the release treatment, and 21 months after the site preparation application, there were no significant differences between treatments for any measured parameter. These findings suggest that seedlings under the site preparation treatment recovered from initial damage incurred to the root system. Lack of seedling response under the release treatment may be the result of opposing influences from the herbicide application associated with seedling phytotoxicity and enhanced seedling development resulting from effective vegetation control. Although our study was limited to 21 months following planting, reduced vegetation cover in the site preparation and release treatments suggests that these treatments may benefit future seedling growth.
The Peculiar Role of the Delaware Courts in the Competition for Corporate Charters

From the classic Cary-Winter debate to current legal scholarship, commentators have struggled to explain Delaware's dominance in the market for corporate charters. Although scholars have offered nonsubstantive explanations such as network externalities, interest group dynamics, and Delaware's expert and specialized judiciary, much of the debate focuses on substantive law. This article takes another view. Arguing that a regulator can offer benefits through its lawmaking process, as well as its legal rules, the article suggests a process-oriented analysis of regulatory competition. The article focuses on the unique role of the Delaware judiciary in corporate lawmaking, a role that has received little attention from corporate law scholars. The article demonstrates that Delaware uses a unusual process to make corporate law, relying heavily on judge-made law, but employing a different lawmaking structure than that used by other states. As a result of this structure, Delaware judicial lawmaking more closely resembles legislation in its scope, flexibility, and responsiveness. The article then evaluates this lawmaking structure from a standpoint of comparative institutional advantage. In particular, the article compares Delaware's process to the legislative process. The article concludes that Delaware lawmaking offers particular advantages, including flexibility, responsiveness, reduced political influence, and transparency. These benefits increase Delaware's ability to adjust its corporate law to changes in the business world. The article's explanatory power includes its identification of the role of the Delaware courts as central to Delaware's dominance of the market for corporate charters. Moreover, the article's assessment of the importance of the lawmaking process has important implications for the application of Delaware's success to continuing questions of regulatory design.
Existence of Air-gaps in specimen- electrode contacts and their effect on dielectric relaxation phenomena in KCl and NaCl

Abstract Dielectric relaxation effects previously reported in KCl and NaCl with and without divalent impurities are reexamined in the 35 Hz–10 mHz range at temperatures between 200° and 700°C. It is demonstrated that, except for those effects which can be unambiguously attributed to the well-known divalent impurity-vacancy interaction, the relaxation at high frequencies and the polarization at low frequencies observed previously can be explained by the presence of air-gaps between the specimen and electrodes. A correct method for measuring the true ionic conductivity of ionic crystals is suggested.
Low-complexity estimation of doubly-selective channels

Doubly-selective wireless communication channels, i.e., those with significant selectivity in both time and frequency domains, arise in applications operating over wide bandwidths, at high carrier frequencies, and under high mobility conditions. Many systems designed to communicate over such channels are OFDM-based and employ large block lengths to combat capacity loss resulting from the use of a redundant prefix. The use of large block length renders channel estimation schemes whose complexities scale in proportion with the square or cube of the block length impractical. In this paper, we present two channel estimation schemes which leverage FFT and a careful choice of pilots to achieve low estimation error with low complexity.
Preparation of labelled lipids

In the present review emphasis is placed on the description of advances made in the synthesis and biosynthesis of labelled neutral lipids as well as phosphatides and other complex ionic lipids. Methods applicable to the analysis and purification of these compounds are described briefly. In addition observations related to the autoradiolysis of labelled lipids during storage are discussed.
On clustering for minimum delay/ara

The authors address the problem of clustering a circuit for minimizing its delay, subject to capacity constraints on the clusters. They present an algorithm for combinational circuits and give sufficient conditions under which it is optimum. In addition, they address the problem of minimizing the number of clusters and nodes without increasing the maximum delay found by the algorithm. Finally, they extend the clustering algorithm to minimize the clock cycle of a sequential synchronous circuit. >
Cyclosporine Impairs the Ability of Human Platelets to Mediate Vasodilation

Cyclosporine causes various platelet abnormalities. Whether it affects the ability of platelets to mediate vasodilation is unknown. Platelets were isolated from healthy volunteers and 13 heart transplant patients on cyclosporine. When perfused through preconstricted normal rabbit carotid arteries, activated platelets from transplant patients failed to cause vasorelaxation, whereas normal platelets produced significant vasodilation (-4.0 +/- 1.9% versus 30 +/- 3% [P < .0001] change in vessel diameter, respectively). When normal platelets were exposed to cyclosporine in vitro, they lost their ability to cause vasodilation in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. However, when activated and perfused through quiescent, N omega-nitro-L-arginine-pretreated arteries, platelets from transplant patients and normal platelets caused similar degrees of vasoconstriction. The amount of adenosine triphosphate in the supernatant from activated cyclosporine-exposed and control platelets was similar (1.7 +/- 0.4 versus 1.5 +/- 0.3 mumol/L [P = NS], respectively). However, concomitant perfusion of activated platelets from transplant patients impaired acetylcholine-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation but perfusion of normal platelets did not. Although cyclosporine-exposed platelets showed an impaired ability to produce vasorelaxation, supernatant from the same platelets caused near normal vasodilation. Human platelets exposed to cyclosporine have an impaired ability to mediated vasodilation. This is not due to increased platelet-mediated vasoconstriction or a decrease in the release of platelet-derived nucleotides but rather to a short-acting compound released by cyclosporine-exposed platelets that interferes with endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Finding frequent elements in non-bursty streams

We present an algorithm for finding frequent elements in a stream where the arrivals are not bursty. Depending on the amount of burstiness in the stream our algorithm detects elements with frequency at least t with space between O(F1/t2) and O(F2/t2) where F1 and F2 are the first and the second frequency moments of the stream respectively. The latter space complexity is achieved when the stream is completely bursty; i.e., most elements arrive in contiguous groups, and the former is attained when the arrival order is random. Our space complexity is O(αF1/t2) where a is a parameter that captures the burstiness of a stream and lies between 1 and F2/F1. A major advantage of our algorithm is that even if the relative frequencies of the different elements is fixed, the space complexity decreases with the length of the stream if the stream is not bursty.
The impact of inadequate off-loading facilities in commercial office buildings. Upon freight efficiency and security in urban areas

Substantial impediments to freight efficiency and security exist in the “last mile” of the logistics supply chain in New York City’s Central Business District (CBD). The “last mile,” a largely invisible obstacle in the transportation infrastructure, is a euphemism for the activity that takes place in close proximity to the destination, or delivery point, of product ranging from pharmaceuticals to copy paper. The challenges shippers face in moving products and services to small and large business in New York City are representative of the freight mobility problems that occur in congested urban areas worldwide. In focus groups and interviews, carrier and shipper representatives repeatedly reported that inadequate off-loading facilities in commercial office buildings (COBs) were a major barrier to freight efficiency in New York’s CBD. These findings were supported in surveys completed by 82 property managers who provided information on their buildings’ age, size, composition of tenancy by industry, number and size of loading bays and the number and capacity of freight elevators. Time and motion studies of vehicular deliveries to loading docks at six COBs with floors ranging from 25-64 were carried out to determine dwell times and truck size. Despite a 300% increase in truck deliveries to COBs located in the CBD over the past twenty-five years, New York City has not revised zoning regulations for off-loading facilities since 1972. To that end, requirements for the number and size of loading bays and freight elevators in five major American cities were compared with those of New York City. It was found that loading bay requirements for New York City were the lowest of the cities surveyed. There were no requirements for freight elevators in the cities under study. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, loading dock security, which was always a concern, became a major issue for COB property managers. This has lead to the imposition of more rigorous security procedures at many off-loading facilities that have increased the cost of moving goods into the CBD and doing business in New York. The formulation of guidelines for an appropriate number and size of loading bays and sufficient freight elevators and the development of strategies for retrofitting existing off-loading facilities will offer broad societal benefits that will increase freight efficiency and security and decrease energy consumption, onstreet congestion and air pollution.
The Effects of Peers on the Academic and Creative Talent Development of a Gifted Adolescent Male

Psychologists have long recognized that there are critical periods in a person's life in which some specific person or agency serves as a driving force toward a higher level of human development. F...
Energies and Structures of Rotating Argon Clusters: Analytic Descriptions and Numerical Simulations

The dependence of the rotational energy of small argon clusters on the magnitude and direction of their rotational angular momenta is obtained by two different methods, namely, by analytic descriptions parametric in structural variables (centrifugal displacements) and by classical simulations carried out in rotating frames so that rotational angular momenta are conserved. Potential energies are taken as additive Ar, pair potentials [R. A. Aziz, J. Chem. Phys. 99,4518 (199311, augmented in some cases by three-body Axilrod-Teller interactions, thus complementing our earlier studies of rare-gas clusters modeled by additive Lennard-Jones oscillator (LJO) pair potentials [L. L. Lohr and C. H. Huben, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6369 (199311. Quartic and sextic spectroscopic constants are found to be approximately 10% smaller when the Aziz pair potential is used, reflecting its greater stiffness as compared to the LJO potential. The sign of the sextic tensor coefficient for both tetrahedral Ar, and octahedral Ar, is such that for sufficiently high J the C,,, (or D 2 h ) structures with I parallel to a pseudo-C, (or true C,) axis (saddle points on the rotational energy surface at low J ) become local energy maxima, the D2d (or D4\,) structures with J parallel to an S, (or C,) axis representing the energy minima. The trigonal bipyramidal cluster Ar, resembles both Ar, and Ar, in its rotational characteristics but with reduced manifestations of nonrigidity. As found with an LJO pair potential [D. H. Li and J. Jellinek, Z. Phys. D 12, 177 (1989)], the icosahedral Ar,, cluster displays a very slight preference for D,, structures with J parallel to a C, axis, while the D,,, structures with J parallel to a C, axis are energy maxima and the D,,, structures with J parallel to a C, axis are saddle points on the rotational energy surface. The scalar quartic spectroscopic coefficient for Arl, is found to be 2.15 X times that for the reference diatomic Ar,. A variety of structural instabilities are described for Ar,, clusters with very high rotational energies.
Spin orbit torques and chiral spin textures in ultrathin magnetic films (Presentation Recording)

Spin orbit coupling at interfaces can give rise to chiral magnetic textures such as homochiral domain walls and skyrmions, as well as current-induced torques that can effectively manipulate them [1-3]. This talk will describe interface-driven spin-orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMIs) in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets adjacent to nonmagnetic heavy metals. We show that the DMI depends strongly on the heavy metal, differing by a factor of ~20 between Pt and Ta [4], and describe the influence of strong DMI on domain wall dynamics and spin Hall effect switching [5]. We present high-resolution magnetic force microscopy imaging of static magnetic textures that directly reveal the role of DMI and allow its strength to be quantified. Finally, we will describe how SOTs can be enhanced through interface engineering [6] and tuned by a gate voltage [7] by directly controlling the interfacial oxygen coordination at a ferromagnet/oxide interface [8]. [1] A. Thiaville, et al., Europhys. Lett. 100, 57002 (2012). [2] S. Emori, et al., Nature Mater. 12, 611 (2013). [3] J. Sampaio, V. Cros, S. Rohart, A. Thiaville, and A. Fert, Nature Nano. 8, 839 (2013). [4] S. Emori, et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 184427 (2014). [5] N. Perez, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 092403 (2014). [6] S. Woo, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 212404 (2014). [7] S. Emori, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 222401 (2014). [8] U. Bauer, et al., Nature Mater. 14, 174 (2015).
750 GeV messenger of dark conformal symmetry breaking

The tentative hints for a diphoton resonance at a mass of $\ensuremath{\sim}750\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC may be interpreted as first contact with a ``dark'' sector with a spontaneously broken conformal symmetry. The implied TeV scale of the dark sector may be motivated by the interaction strength required to accommodate a viable thermal relic dark matter (DM) candidate. We model the conformal dynamics using a Randall-Sundrum-type five-dimensional geometry whose IR boundary is identified with the dynamics of the composite dark sector, while the Standard Model (SM) matter content resides on the UV boundary, corresponding to ``elementary'' fields. We allow the gauge fields to reside in the five-dimensional bulk, which can be minimally chosen to be $SU(3{)}_{c}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1{)}_{Y}$. The ``dark'' radion is identified as the putative 750 GeV resonance. Heavy vectorlike fermions, often invoked to explain the diphoton excess, are not explicitly present in our model and are not predicted to appear in the spectrum of TeV scale states. Our minimal setup favors scalar DM of $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{TeV})$ mass. A generic expectation in this scenario, suggested by DM considerations, is the appearance of vector bosons at $\ensuremath{\sim}$ few TeV, corresponding to the gluon and hypercharge Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes that couple to UV boundary states with strengths that are suppressed uniformly compared to their SM values. Our analysis suggests that these KK modes could be within the reach of the LHC in the coming years.
Converting U-500 regular insulin to insulin detemir and insulin lispro in a patient undergoing dietary changes in preparation for bariatric surgery.

Purpose The safe and effective conversion of human regular U-500 insulin (U-500R) to basal and bolus U-100 (insulin detemir and insulin lispro, respectively) in a patient undergoing a significant dietary change in preparation for bariatric surgery is described. Summary Conversion from U-100 to U-500R insulin has been described in the literature. There is, however, a paucity of information describing the reverse conversion (i.e., from U-500R to U-100 insulin). Whether converting to or from U-500R, patient safety is a primary concern. A 51-year-old Caucasian woman with a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and gastroparesis who was scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery was converted from U-500R to insulin detemir and insulin lispro preoperatively while undergoing significant diet changes. The patient’s blood glucose values, diet, and activity levels were closely monitored daily by the interprofessional team over a 10-day preoperative period during which her regular diet was changed to a very low-calorie, high-protein diet; insulin doses were adjusted accordingly. Throughout this process, the patient did not experience any major hypoglycemic episodes. Close collaboration among interprofessional team members and a strong partnership with the patient were considered key factors in the successful conversion of insulin therapy. Conclusion Subcutaneous insulin therapy in a woman preparing for bariatric surgery was safely converted from U-500R to basal therapy with U-100 insulin detemir and with as-needed boluses of U-100 insulin lispro. This occurred as the patient switched from a regular diet to a low-calorie, high-protein diet.
Maximizing sets and fuzzy Markoff algorithms

A fuzzy algorithm is an ordered set of fuzzy instructions that upon execution yield an approximate solution to a given problem. Two unrelated aspects of fuzzy algorithms are considered in this paper. The first is concerned with the problem of maximization of a reward function. It is argued that the conventional notion of a maximizing value for a function is not sufficiently informative and that a more useful notion is that of a maximizing set. Essentially, a maximizing set serves to provide information not only concerning the point or points at which a function is maximized, but also about the extent to which the values of the reward function approximate to its supremum at other points in its range. The second is concerned with the formalization of the notion of a fuzzy algorithm. In this connection, the notion of a fuzzy Markoff algorithm is introduced and illustrated by an example. It is shown that the generation of strings by a fuzzy algorithm bears a resemblance to a birth-and-death process and that the execution of the algorithm terminates when no more "live" strings are left.
'You Can Do it, We Can Help'...'Improving Home Improvement' after Disasters with 'Brand Names You Know and Trust?'

America's focus on fighting war and terror has shifted in the recent past to another challenge -- battling the ravages of natural disasters, tending to the sick, wounded, displaced and dead, rebuilding, and creating preventive measures in the wake of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.Much of the public debate surrounding these events has centered on the "blame game," and how private industry could do a better job of disaster relief than what the Louisiana State and US Federal Governments have done in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.Rather than focusing on the flaws in state and Federal responses to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita as "major disasters," I intend to review the legal and political capabilities to plan for and respond to future crises. This essay will also be an exposition on the "state of the law and policy" with respect to public-private cooperation and how the Federal government can, does, and should organize disaster response.
“Reality” revisited: self-assessment of terministic screens through a political autobiography assignment

Courses: Argumentation, Public Speaking, Political CommunicationObjectives: After completing this unit activity, students should be able to (1) demonstrate comprehension of Burke’s (1941) concept of terministic screens; (2) apply the concept of terministic screens to write a brief political autobiography of themselves that analyzes the history of and framework for their own political beliefs; and (3) synthesize the concepts of terministic screens and informational diversity to frame readings and discussions of peers’ autobiographies, as well as future class discussions of controversial topics.