cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximized subspace model for hyperspectral anomaly detection

An important application in remote sensing using hyperspectral imaging system is the detection of anomalies in a large background in real-time. A basic anomaly detector for hyperspectral imagery that performs reasonaly well is the RX detector. In practice, the subspace RX (SSRX) detector which deletes the clutter subspace has been known to perform better than the RX detector. In this paper an anomaly detector that can do better than the SSRX detector without having to delete the clutter subspace is developed. The anomaly detector partials out the effect of the clutter subspace by predicting the background using a linear combination of the clutter subspace. The Mahalanobis distance of the resulting residual is defined as the anomaly detector. The coefficients of the linear combination are chosen to maximize a criterion based on squared correlation. The experimental results are obtained by implementing the anomaly detector as a global anomaly detector in unsupervised mode with background statistics computed from hyperspectral data cubes with wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared range. The results show that the anomaly detector has a better performance than the SSRX detector. In conclusion, the anomaly detector that is based on partialling out can achieve better performance than the conventional anomaly detectors.
Muscle pain induced by novel eccentric exercise does not disturb the sleep of normal young men

Abstract This experiment sought to determine if delayed-onset muscle pain following novel eccentric exercise would disrupt sleep. Nine young adult men performed eccentric exercise and, during a separate week, concentric exercise consisting of 8 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of 1-repetition maximum for 3 muscle groups. Sleep was assessed polysomnographically the night before and 2 nights following the exercise bouts. Muscle pain intensity in the biceps, triceps, and quadriceps muscle groups was significantly increased following eccentric exercise (all P P P =.007), and minutes of stage 1 sleep were reduced following eccentric exercise and increased following concentric exercise. In general, however, the hypothesized sleep disruptions following eccentric exercise were not observed. It is concluded that delayed onset muscle pain induced by novel eccentric exercise does not disturb the sleep of normal young men.
Volatility of iodine in dilute aqueous solutions

Abstract The equilibrium partition coefficients of iodine species between water and gas phase as a function of iodine concentration have been measured. At very low concentrations the partition coefficients have been determined to be ∼7800 and ∼1650 at 21 and 72°C, respectively. The results of chemical analyses for iodine species in both phases provide convincing evidence of the existence of hypoiodous acid (HIO) in both phases in low concentration experiments. The partition coefficient data are used to estimate the equilibrium constant and some thermodynamic properties of HIO. The results of field measurements of radioiodine separation factors at the gas-water inter-phase in operating boiling water reactors (BWR) are also presented.
A comprehensive study of the low energy collision-induced dissociation of dinucleoside monophosphates

Abstract The dissociation reactions of protonated and deprotonated molecular ions from the 12 possible hetero-dinucleotides in both the 2′-deoxyribonucleotide and ribonucleotide series have been studied using tandem mass spectrometry with collisional activation in the low energy (21–72 eV, E LAB )_translational energy range. Gas-phase model structures for both MH + and (M—H) − ions are considered which take into account the need for tertiary structural stabilization through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and charge delocalization by proton or hydrogen atom sharing. These structures serve as initial models to demonstrate the types of stabilizing features which are likely to exist in large gas-phase polynucleotide ions, and in the present study to effectively rationalize formation of the observed dissociation products of dinucleotides. It is proposed that dissociation reactions of positive ions are influenced by a tertiary structure in which the proton of ionization is shared by the heterocyclic bases. In negative ions, the charge is delocalized through the phosphate oxygens, stabilized by interactions with the 3′-terminus base and (in ribonucleotides) by 2′-OH. The resulting mass spectra are readily interpreted in terms of dinucleotide structure, including sequence, and the presence or absence of ribose methylation.
Frequency dispersion of transconductance and output resistance in GaAs MESFETs with low-temperature-grown GaAs passivation layers

High-resistivity GaAs grown at low temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy was used as the surface passivation layer of MESFETs. When these MESFETs are biased in the saturation region, the frequency dispersions of the transconductance and output resistance are reduced compared to those of a MESFET without a passivation layer. >
Acquired myocardial bridging

5. de Jaegere P' Serruys PW' Bertrand M' Wiegand V' Marquis JF' Vr°liex M' et al. Angiographic predictors of recurrence of restenosis after Wiktor stent implantation in native coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:165-70. 6. Haude M, Erbel R, Hassan I, Meyer J. Quantitative analysis of elastic recoil after balloon angioplasty and after intracoronary implantation of balloon-expandable Palmaz-Scbatz stents. JAm CoU Cardio11993; 21:26-34.
Nebulizer and Spacer Device Maintenance in Children with Asthma

Objective. To evaluate inhalation device cleaning practices of children with asthma and its effect on their asthma morbidity. Methods. A survey of patients aged 4 to 18 years admitted to an urban pediatric emergency department (ED) with an acute asthma exacerbation. Questions included demographics, asthma history, preference of delivery devices, and frequency of device cleaning. Patients were followed until their disposition from the ED, or until the end of their hospitalization, if admitted. Results. 220 subjects completed the survey. Mean age was 9.2 (± 3.9) years-old. One hundred and four (47.3%) patients used both nebulizers and spacer devices, while 18 (8.1%) used spacers only and 98 (44.5%) used nebulizers alone. Seventy-seven (38.1%; 95%CI: 31.7%–45.0%) patients cleaned their nebulizers and 57 (46.7%; 95%CI: 38.1%–55.4%) cleaned their spacer devices after each use as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control. There were no detectable differences in visit admission rate, total number of previou...
Analysis of adiabatic shear bands in thermo-elasto-viscoplastic materials by using piece-wise discontinuous basis functions

Abstract An adiabatic shear band (ASB) is a narrow region of intense plastic deformation that forms when some metallic alloys and some polymers are deformed at high strain rates and there is not enough time for the heat generated by plastic deformations to diffuse away. The study of ASBs is important because an ASB is a precursor to shear/ductile fractures. Initial-boundary-value problems simulating the initiation and propagation of an ASB have been analyzed usually using the finite element method (FEM). Because of the large plastic strains involved, the FE mesh needs to be refined several times to delineate the ASB width. Each refinement requires, in turn, interpolation of data from the previous mesh to the new one which causes a smoothening of the sharp gradients of the deformation fields, and affects characteristics of the ASB. In this paper, we propose the application of the finite element method with piecewise discontinuous basis functions for studying the occurrence of ASBs in simple shearing deformations of a body composed of an isotropic and homogeneous thermo-elastoviscoplastic material. The mathematical model of the problem is defined by a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations and an inequality constraint associated with the plastic strain rates admissibility. The computed solution is compared with the converged solution of the problem obtained with the piecewise continuous basis functions in the FEM. It is found that the discontinuous Galerkin method is able to capture well the localization of deformation into narrow regions and gives results that agree with those available in the literature.
Status of High Impedance Fault Detection

This paper presents the issues associated with the detection and clearing of high impedance faults on distribution feeders. High impedance faults are those faults with current too low to be reliably cleared by conventional overcurrent protection. These faults commonly occur as fallen conductor faults and pose a hazard to the public. The status of research on this subject is reviewed, and possible improvements are evaluated. The several complex technical, legal, economic and operational problems involved in high impedance fault detection are discussed. A complete solution to the high impedance fault problem does not exist at this time, but it is important that utilities take steps to address the problem.
Teaching Cultural Design: Shaping New Behaviorists

One of the central goals of Walden Fellowship, Inc. is to interest new people in the science of behavior, how it can contribute to quality of life, and in becoming involved in related activities. An important group to reach in these efforts, as Skinner clarified in Walden Two (1948), are students and recent graduates who may be searching for ways that they can make a difference. First, the author discusses first efforts to interest graduate social work students in cultural design through the development of a new course in community organization and community practice, then presents examples of work produced in the course, and lastly describes initial successes in recruiting new behaviorists through the course.
Some virtues of dissatisfaction in the science and practice of personnel selection

Abstract Dissatisfaction with traditional ways of thinking and doing things can either be mere reaction to tradition or useful in developing .improvements in the scientific foundations and practices of management. In the specific field of employee selection, seven areas of dissatisfaction are enumerated and discussed. In most of them, those who have published their dissatisfactions have also pointed to ways to do things better. The conclusion is that dissatisfaction can point to ways to expand the options in the way employee selection programs are conceived and operated, without total abandonment of the valuable results that have accrued from traditional practice.
Biology and Phenology of the Hop-vine Borer, Hydraecia immanis Guenée, and Detection of the Potato Stem Borer, H. micacea (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Wisconsin

We describe the phenology and developmental biology of the hop-vine borer ( Hydraecia immanis ) over a 4-year period (1979–1982) in relation to the major change in feeding habits and food availability. The first two to four instars feed on grass stems then move to adjacent corn plants to complete their feeding. In view of this feeding habit it seems likely that increasing trends toward reduced-tillage and conservation-tillage practices in the Midwest can only contribute to spread of H. immanis in the future. In contrast, its introduced European relative (the polyphagous potato stem borer, H. micacea Esper) has a similar biology but a wider range of host plants, including potatoes, corn, and many other plants as well as hops. This relative was introduced to North America approximately 80 years ago hut has only recently spread across Canada from New York State. We now report that it has been detected in Wisconsin where it is currently separated in noticeable economic damage from the hop-vine borer by only a single county. The implications of hybridization or continued geographic spread of these two species for Midwest agriculture may be significant and are briefly discussed.
Considerations for embracing and expanding community engaged scholarship in academic pharmacy: Report of the 2013-2014 research and graduate affairs committee.

The Bylaws of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) charge the Research and Graduate Affairs committee (RGAC) with the development of the Association’s research, graduate education and scholarship agenda.1 To this end, the RGAC met in Crystal City, VA on October 28 and 29, 2013, to begin deliberating on the charges for 2013-14. The committee subsequently conducted frequent conference calls and electronic communications throughout the year to prepare this report.
On a formulation of discrete, N-person non-cooperative games

We present a method of formulatingn-person non-cooperative games and a means of finding their equilibrium points.
Application of TXRF for ion implanter dose matching experiments

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been utilized for many years to measure the dose of ion implants in silicon for the purpose of verifying the ability of ion implantation equipment to accurately and reproducibly implant the desired species at the target dose. The development of statistically and instrumentally rigorous protocols has lead to high confidence levels, particularly with regard to accuracy and short-term repeatability. For example, high-dose, high-energy B implant dosimetry can be targeted to within ±1%. However, performing dose determination experiments using SIMS does have undesirable aspects, such as being highly labor intensive and sample destructive. Modern total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) instruments are equipped with capabilities for full 300 mm wafer handling, automated data acquisition software and intense X-ray sources. These attributes enable the technique to overcome the SIMS disadvantages listed above, as well as provide unique strengths that make it potentially highly amenable to implanter dose matching. In this paper, we report on data collected to date that provides confidence that TXRF is an effective and economical method to perform these measurements within certain limitations. We have investigated a number of ion implanted species that are within the “envelope” of TXRF application. This envelope is defined by a few important parameters. Species : For the anode materials used in the more common X-ray sources on the market, each has its own set of elements that can be detected. We have investigated W and Mo X-ray sources, which are the most common in use in commercial instrumentation. Implant energy : In general, if the energy of the implanted species is too high (or more specifically, the distribution of the implanted species is too deep), the amount of dopant not detected by TXRF may be significant, increasing the error of the measurement. Therefore, for each species investigated, the implant energy cannot exceed a certain level. Dose : Logically, as the implanted dose falls below a certain point, the concentration will be below the TXRF detection limit. In addition to the improved precision of TXRF over SIMS for dose matching, a number of other advantages will be discussed.
An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Affective Control Scale in an Undergraduate Sample

A considerable amount of clinical research interest has recently developed regarding emotion dysregulation and psychopathology. Many have suggested that distinct affective management deficits may characterize anxiety and mood pathology. Despite increased research attention, efforts to validate and sufficiently investigate the psychometric properties of many self-report measures of affect regulation have been lacking. The current study examined the response behavior of 1566 undergraduate participants who completed the Affective Control Scale (ACS). The ACS assesses fear of intense emotion, and it is frequently used in empirical research. The present investigation examined the structural qualities of the measure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques. Findings suggest the original four rationally-derived subscales do not adequately fit the observed response patterns. Rather, results indicated that a five-factor solution that included a subscale measuring emotion mismanagement better represented response behavior. Additional normative data and bivariate correlations with other measures of emotion regulation and affect are presented.
Minicolumnar Organization within Somatosensory Cortical Segregates: II. Emergent Functional Properties

In this article we describe some functional properties of the model of a somatosensory cortical macrocolumn--the segregate--described in the preceding companion article. These functional properties emerged in the model network in the course of stimulus-driven self-organization of its afferent connections under control of short-range inhibitory and longer-range excitatory lateral interactions among its minicolumns. In general, self-organization leads the model network to develop complex, nonlinear functional properties, and makes its neurons sensitive to the shape and temporal features of peripheral stimuli. The properties acquired reproduce some of the known properties of somatosensory and visual cortical networks. In particular, it is shown that, even though the network is exposed only to stationary point stimuli during self-organization, neurons in the model still acquire the ability to discriminate the direction of a moving stimulus, as well as the orientation of a stationary bar stimulus. Different stimulus directions and orientations are represented by different neurons in the model network, and the maps of neurons having these preferences have many properties in common with real cortical maps. In addition, we demonstrate the model network's ability to discriminate among spatially complex stimuli, such as letters of the alphabet. The parallels between the emergent structural and functional properties of the model network and the properties of sensory neocortex suggest that the model captures some of the basic mechanisms by which sensory cortical modules develop and maintain their elegantly detailed and appreciable information-processing capabilities.
Origin of the low frequency radiation emitted by radiative polaritons excited by infrared radiation in planar La2O3 films

Upon excitation in thin oxide films by infrared radiation, radiative polaritons are formed with complex angular frequency ?, according to the theory of Kliewer and Fuchs (1966 Phys. Rev. 150 573). We show that radiative polaritons leak radiation with frequency ?i to the space surrounding the oxide film. The frequency ?i is the imaginary part of ?. The effects of the presence of the radiation leaked out at frequency ?i are observed experimentally and numerically in the infrared spectra of La2O3 films on silicon upon excitation by infrared radiation of the 0TH type radiative polariton. The frequency ?i is found in the microwave to far infrared region, and depends on the oxide film chemistry and thickness. The presented results might aid in the interpretation of fine structures in infrared and, possibly, optical spectra, and suggest the study of other similar potential sources of electromagnetic radiation in different physical scenarios.
A Comparison of Serum Isoenzyme Levels of Creatine Phosphokinase and Lactic Dehydrogenase in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Operations and Patients Admitted to a Coronary Care Unit

Abstract A prospective study comparing patients undergoing major thoracic surgical procedures with patients admitted to a coronary care unit was conducted. Surgical patients having bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy (n = 12), anterior thoracotomy (n = 12), and posterolateral thoracotomy (n = 22) were compared with patients in the coronary care unit who had electrocardiographically proved myocardial infarctions (MI) (n = 11) and those with no electrocardiographic abnormalities (n = 12). Sera were studied by spectrophotometric analysis (creatine phosphokinase [CPK] and lactic dehydrogenase [LDH]), agarose gel electrophoresis (CPK and LDH), and antibody inhibition spectrophotometric analysis (CPK). The levels of total CPK did not rise above the upper limits of normal (100 IU/L) in patients who underwent bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy. Total CPK elevations in patients undergoing thoracotomy (anterior thoracotomy, 428 ± 62 IU/L [mean ± standard error of the mean]; posterolateral thoracotomy, 652 ± 78 IU/L) were not significantly different from those sustaining acute MIs (463 ± 84 IU/L). Only transient minimal elevations of CPK-MB isoenzyme were noted, however, in the patients having posterolateral thoracotomy (25 ± 7 IU/L). These were significantly lower ( p 1 exceed LDH 2 while all of the patients with MIs had such a shift ( p
Variable Expression and Incomplete Penetrance of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Clinical Challenge in a 71-Member Multigeneration Family.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a crippling condition that affects children and adults. Identical twin studies support a strong causative genetic component. Although clinical tests for newborns can detect gross malformations, it is the subtle malformations that are often not detected, resulting in early onset osteoarthritis of the hip in adults. As a first step in identifying the causative mutation, we have recruited the largest documented affected family with 71 members spanning generations. Clinical and radiographic signs of developmental dysplasia of the hip are described, and the diagnostic challenge of identifying affected family members is discussed. Variable expression of disease allele is evident in several members of the family and greatly contributes to the diagnostic challenge facing clinicians.
In situ expression of collagen and proteoglycan genes in notochord and during skeletal development and growth.

Cartilage is an important tissue in skeletogenesis, in the growth of long bones, and as a flexible component of the mature skeleton. The extracellular matrix proteins type II collagen and aggrecan comprise 90% of the matrix and are characteristic of cartilage. Type II collagen provides structural integrity to the tissue, while aggrecan confers resiliency. The quantity of type II procollagen is controlled at the level of transcription of mRNA from the COL2A1 gene. In addition, type II procollagen can be expressed in two isoforms by differential splicing of the primary gene transcript, a post-transcript, a post-transcriptional control mechanism. The two mRNAs either include exon 2 (type IIA) or exclude exon 2 (type IIB) which encodes the major portion of the amino (NH2)-propeptide [Ryan and Sandell (1990), J. Biol. Chem., 265:10334–10339]. The aggrecan gene also encodes alternative splice forms that may be developmentally expressed. The regulation of aggrecan splicing or transcription has not been studied in detail. To determine the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of extracellular matrix in the development of cartilage, we have examined the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan during chondrogenesis in the vertebral column and during elongation of a newborn growth plate. Our results indicate that there is a developmental sequence of type II collagen splice form expression during chondrogenesis with type IIA expressed in prechondrocytes and type IIB expressed in chondrocytes. During elongation of the growth plate, mature chondrocytes express type IIB procollagen and then differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes and initiate expression of type X collagen. In all cases, aggrecan was coordinately expressed with type IIB procollagen. As cartilage-like proteins have been observed in more primitive structures such as notochord, the expression of type II collagen mRNAs was also examined in the notochordal remnants of the vertebral column. In the notochord, the predominant collagen expressed was the type IIA collagen prechondrocyte isoform. Notochordal cells also expressed mRNAs more characteristic of fibroblasts such as versican and decorin: low expression of type I collagen, type IIB collagen, and aggrecan were observed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc .
Statistical Mechanics of Non-Spherical Molecules: Spherical Harmonic Expansions on Non-Spherical Surfaces

Simple pseudo-spherical harmonic expansions over non-spherical surfaces are proposed for two body functions such as pair potentials and pair correlation functions of anisotropic fluids. It is shown that the thermodynamics of fluids with Gaussian overlap potential with constant well depth (GOCE fluids) can be calculated from only the leading terms in the expansions over equipotential surfaces. Resummation of the individual terms in the expansions of pair correlation functions over equipotential surfaces give molecular correlations for specific orientations which agreed very well with the same functions calculated directly during the simulations. These functions are used to bring out some significant differences in the structures of GOCE fluids and equivalent site-site fluids. Support for this work by a grant from the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccines in Alaska Native Adults 55-70 Years of Age

Background Vaccination with conjugate vaccines stimulates T cell-dependent immunity, whereas vaccination with polysaccharide vaccines does not. Thus, vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) may offer better protection against invasive pneumococcal disease for older adults than does vaccination with PPV23 alone, which is what is currently recommended. Methods Alaska Native adults 55-70 years of age with no previous pneumococcal vaccination were randomized to receive (1) PPV23, (2) PCV7 followed 2 months later by PPV23, or (3) PCV7 followed 6 months later by PPV23. Participants recorded reactions after each vaccination. Serum samples collected during the period from May 2002 through February 2003 were tested for serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and for opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) against serotypes 1, 4, 6B, 14, and 19F. Results Vaccination with PCV7 was well tolerated, but persons receiving PCV7 followed by PPV23 reported more local reactions than those receiving only PPV23. All reactions resolved spontaneously within 72 h of receiving vaccine. The geometric mean IgG concentrations of and the median OPA titers to serotypes 4, 6B, 14, and 19F increased in all groups after 1 dose of either PCV7 or PPV23. Serotype-specific geometric mean IgG concentrations and median OPA titers did not differ between any of the groups after vaccination with PPV23, regardless of whether they had previously received PCV7. Conclusions In this study, PCV7 given 2 or 6 months before PPV23 was well tolerated but did not improve immune response to PPV23 in older Alaska Native adults.
Convergence of Spectra of Mesoscopic Systems Collapsing onto a Graph

Abstract Let M be a finite graph in the plane and let Me be a domain that looks like the e-fattened graph M (exact conditions on the domain are given). It is shown that the spectrum of the Neumann Laplacian on Me converges when e → 0 to the spectrum of an ODE problem on M. The presence of an electromagnetic field is also allowed. Considerations of this kind arise naturally in mesoscopic physics and other areas of physics and chemistry. The results of the paper extend the ones previously obtained by J. Rubinstein and M. Schatzman.
Biological significance of proliferation, apoptosis, cytokines, and monocyte/macrophage cells in bone marrow biopsies of 145 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome

Labeling index (LI), apoptosis, levels of 2 pro-apoptotic cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and the number of monocyte/macrophage cells that are the likely source of the cytokines were simultaneously measured in plastic-embedded bone marrow (BM) biopsy sections of 145 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). TNF-α was correlated with TGF-β (P = .001) and with monocyte/macrophage cells (P = .003). Patients with excess blasts in their marrows had a higher TGF-β level (P = .01) and monocyte/macrophage number (P = .05). In a linear regression model, TGF-β emerged as the most significant biological difference between patients who have excess of blasts and those who do not (P = .01). We conclude that in addition to TNF-α, TGF-β also plays a significant role in the initiation and pathogenesis of MDS, and that a more precise definition of its role will likely identify better preventive and therapeutic strategies.
A Model to Predict the Influence of Insect Flower Constancy on Interspecific Competition between Insect Pollinated Plants

Honeybees and bumblebees, among the most important pollinators in many plant communities, are known to exhibit flower constancy. When foraging, bees do not sample flowers randomly as they encounter them, but rather they exhibit a strong preference for one species of flower, and will ignore other species that they encounter. The species favoured depends on previous foraging success: if a species of flower has previously provided a high reward, it will be favoured to the exclusion of others. Various models have been developed to describe the optimal foraging pattern of flower feeding insects, which explain, at least in part, observed behaviour. However, they do not consider the importance consequences of flower constancy for competition between plants dependant upon insects for pollination. Bees are most likely to favour a common species which they encounter frequently, and will fly directly between individuals of the favoured species, and thus provide efficient pollination. Conversely, they are unlikely to develop a preference for a scarce flower which necessarily is rarely encountered. A simple two-flower species model is developed which predicts the proportion of insects which will favour each of the two species for particular flower densities, assuming that individual insects favour the species which provides them with the greatest reward per time. The model predicts that scarce plant species will receive no pollinators below a threshold density of reward, and that scarce plants must provide a relatively huge reward per flower to achieve pollination. The threshold is lowered at high insect densities when the reward offered by the more common species becomes depleted. The implications of flower constancy to plant commnunities are discussed.
Revision of the sentence completion test for ego development.

New forms of the Washington University Sentence Completion Test are presented, revised to be closely comparable for men and women. The two pages of each form are usable as alternate 18-item forms. All stems on the new forms have a manual derived for women, for men, or for both. Order of items on the new forms is designed to maximize cooperation and to insure independent answers on the several stems. Data taken from several diverse samples using the previous forms show the median item validity (correlation of item rating with total protocol rating) slightly higher for women (about .50) than for men (about .46). However, the difference is wholly accounted for by difference in the variance of the samples. First-person stems and impersonal ones are about equally valid for women, but impersonal ones appear to be more valid for men. More impersonal stems are included on the new forms.
A generalized self-consistent estimate for the effective elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced composite materials with multiple transversely isotropic inclusions

The effective elastic properties of a fiber-reinforced composite material with multiple transversely isotropic inclusions are estimated by the use of a generalized self-consistent method, which considers strong interactions between the inclusion and matrix as well as among inclusions. The accuracy of this method is established by comparing to the closed-form analytic solutions by Christensen when the matrix and inclusion are isotropic. Furthermore, current predictions from the generalized self-consistent method for a composite with multiple inclusions correspond well with the numerical results from finite element analysis. The generalized self-consistent method can be particularly useful in establishing micromechanics models of natural biological composite materials such as cortical bone to examine the dependence of the elastic properties of cortical bone on its porosity.
The assessment of performance change: An inductive example☆

Abstract Extensive empirical research has been concerned with job performance and performance change, but virtually nothing has been done to develop a broader conceptual framework which might be useful in giving direction to further research. Toward this end, a number of diverse and previously unrelated empirical findings relevant to job performance are shown to converge on one generalization which accounts for all. The central theme of this generalization pertains to the changing nature of performance across time. The applicability of this generalization beyond the job performance setting is shown by various findings from psychological testing and animal learning research. The increased use of this inductive approach is suggested as one possible way to alleviate the widely recognized shortage of theory in industrial-differential psychology.
Minimizing the power consumption of a Chip Multiprocessor under an average throughput constraint

In a multi-core system, power and performance may be dynamically traded off by utilizing power management (PM). This paper addresses the problem of minimizing the total power consumption of a Chip Multiprocessor (CMP) while maintaining a target average throughput. The proposed solution relies on a hierarchical framework, which employs core consolidation, coarse-grain dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), and task assignment at the CMP level and fine-grain DVFS based on closed-loop feedback control at the individual core level. Our experimental results are very favorable showing noticeable average power saving compared to a baseline technique, and demonstrate the high efficacy of the proposed hierarchical PM framework.
Glucocorticoid receptor stimulation and the regulation of neonatal cerebellar neural progenitor cell apoptosis

Glucocorticoids are used to treat respiratory dysfunction associated with premature birth but have been shown to cause neurodevelopmental deficits when used therapeutically. Recently, we established that acute glucocorticoid exposure at clinically relevant doses produces neural progenitor cell apoptosis in the external granule layer of the developing mouse cerebellum and permanent decreases in the number of cerebellar neurons. As the cerebellum naturally matures and neurogenesis is no longer needed, the external granule layer decreases proliferation and permanently disappears during the second week of life. At this same time, corticosterone (the endogenous rodent glucocorticoid) release increases and a glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzyme that protects the external granule layer against glucocorticoid receptor stimulation (11β-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase-Type 2; HSD2) naturally disappears. Here we show that HSD2 inhibition and raising corticosterone to adult physiological levels both can independently increase neural progenitor cell apoptosis in the neonatal mouse. Conversely, glucocorticoid receptor antagonism decreases natural physiological apoptosis in this same progenitor cell population suggesting that endogenous glucocorticoid stimulation may regulate apoptosis in the external granule layer. We also found that glucocorticoids which HSD2 can effectively metabolize generate less external granule layer apoptosis than glucocorticoids this enzyme is ineffective at breaking down. This finding may explain why glucocorticoids that this enzyme can metabolize are clinically effective at treating respiratory dysfunction yet seem to produce no neurodevelopmental deficits. Finally, we demonstrate that both acute and chronic glucocorticoid exposures produce external granule layer apoptosis but without appropriate control groups this effect becomes masked. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for glucocorticoid therapy and neurodevelopment during the perinatal period.
Alteration of cell membrane by stress waves in vitro

Abstract Experiments on the biological effects of laser-induced stress waves indicate that there is a transient increase in the permeability of the cell membrane. A cell viability assay (propidium iodide exclusion) shows that mouse breast sarcoma cells are viable after a stress wave. The kinetics of this transient membrane permeability are measured using time-resolved fluorescence imaging. The efflux of a membrane-impermeable fluorescent probe (calcein) following the application of a 300-bar stress wave implies that there is an increase in the membrane permeability. This efflux ceases within 80 s after a stress wave, suggesting that the membrane is no longer permeable to the fluorescent probe. Fitting the observed kinetics to a simple diffusion model yields an average initial diffusion constant of 2.2 ± 1.3 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s for mouse breast sarcoma cells following the application of a laser-induced stress wave.
Responses of disparate phenotypically-plastic, melanin-based traits to common cues: limits to the benefits of adaptive plasticity?

The evolution of perfect adaptive phenotypic plasticity of a given trait may be influenced by, among other things, phenotypic costs associated with the expression of a given trait value, relative to alternative trait values. One potential cause of such phenotypic costs is the allocation of limited resources to multiple traits. When multiple traits rely on the same resource, trait values for one adaptively plastic trait might be unavoidably associated with maladaptive trait values for other traits. I address this problem in three traits of Pieris rapae L. (the small cabbage white butterfly) that all rely on the pigment melanin and are adaptively plastic, but have very different functions: wing pattern, immune defense, and pupal color. Cool, short-day rearing conditions simultaneously increased total wing melanization and decreased a melanin-based immune response in females, consistent with predictions. However, cool, short days also reduced the melanin-based immune response in males, despite little effect on male wing melanization. Furthermore, contrary to predictions, these patterns were not altered by differences in dietary resources. Finally, dark-colored rearing backgrounds during pupation substantially increased pupal melanization in both sexes, but was not associated with differences in wing melanization. These results offer only mixed support for the hypothesis of melanin-based trade offs as a source of phenotypic costs to adaptive plasticity in these traits. However, patterns of sexual dimorphism for these traits suggest trade offs might be at work at another level: relative to males, females have consistently more heavily melanized wings but less heavily melanized pupae and immune responses. The reduced immune response under cool, short-day conditions may also have implications for the evolutionary ecology of these butterflies.
Possessed by Poe: Reading Poe in an age of intellectual guilt

Abstract This essay enters the debate over the French appropriation of Poe not by seeking redress for the supposed political misdeeds of either Poe or the French, but rather, by addressing itself to the American response to the French reception of Poe. While American cultural studies critics in particular have sought to hold the French accountable for ignoring Poe's troubling biography — one in which the question of Poe's relationship to, and possible support of, antebellum slavery remains unanswered to this day — I argue that the important question of how we as critics situate ourselves in relation to material history is too often buried under a moralizing rhetoric of accountability. Following from, and extending, Jacques Derrida's notion of ‘speciality,’ I maintain that material history is itself a kind of conjuration that belies any strict distinction between the material and the immaterial. Against the demand for accountability, the notion of history‐as‐conjuration allows us to address questions of hi...
Assessing speaking and listening competence at the college level: The communication competency assessment instrument

This paper details the present state of the development of the Communication Competency Assessment Instrument (CCAI), a test of basic communication skills for college students. The CCAI assesses 19 specific speaking and listening competencies in an educational context, defined as those skills which high school graduates should possess to be prepared for college classes. The communication competencies for an educational context are then partitioned into four main competency areas following the lead of the official SCA endorsed framework (e.g., communication codes, oral message evaluation, basic speech communication skills, human relations). Each competency area is assessed directly (i.e., without the possible influence of reading and/or writing deficiencies). A rating book defines five levels of skill attainment for each of the 19 assessments. The CCAI requires a total of 30 minutes for each student's assessment.
Using Unidentified Standardized Patients to Evaluate Housestaff Delivery of Preventive Services

Background: Scheduling unidentified standardized patients (SPs) into physician outpatient practices to assess quality of care and physician performance has been used infrequently for housestaff evaluation. The article's purpose is to describe the feasibility and acceptability of using unidentified SPs for evaluation of housestaff performance of the clinical breast examination and other preventive practices in the outpatient setting. Description: SPs, posing as new patients with an uncomplicated medical history, were scheduled under pseudonyms into the clinics of 20 randomly selected consenting residents. Following each encounter, the SPs completed an evaluation checklist on prespecified aspects of the history and physical. Evaluation: Four(20%) of the residents who actually had an SP encounter suspected that they had seen an SP, and 7 (21%) of the 34 consenting housestaff who actually did not see an SP thought that they had. At the end of the study, none of the housestaff had expressed a reluctance to par...
Association between childhood trauma and catecholamine response to psychological stress in police academy recruits.

Background Childhood trauma is a risk factor for anxiety disorders in adulthood. One possible mechanism for this association is an increased neuroendocrine response to stress in adults with a history of childhood trauma. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 76 police academy recruits (mean [±SD] age 28 ± 5 years, 10 female) were exposed to a video depicting real-life officers exposed to highly stressful incidents. Salivary cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG, the major metabolite of norepinephrine) were collected at baseline, immediately after the video, and 20 min after the video. Childhood trauma before age 14 was assessed with an interview (Life Stressor Checklist-Revised). Results Exposure to the video elicited significant MHPG and cortisol responses in both groups. Recruits with childhood trauma histories (n = 16) had a significantly greater MHPG response, as evidenced by a group effect (F = 8.0, p Conclusions Police academy recruits with childhood trauma histories have an increased catecholamine response to psychological stress. This might serve as a risk factor for anxiety disorders in recruits, and these findings might generalize to other groups with a history of childhood trauma.
Further studies on mechanisms of abnormal prostaglandin response by chronic myelogenous leukaemia granulocyte/macrophage progenitors.

Abstract Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) have varying effects in vitro on normal granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors. When added directly to cultures, PGE inhibits growth of normal 7 and 14 day bone marrow CFU-GM in a dose-dependent manner, while CML CFU-GM are refractory to PGE inhibition. The plant diterpene forskalin, a potent activator of intracellular cyclic AMP, inhibited normal and CML CFU-GM, indicating that the response of CML cells to increased intracellular cyclic AMP is normal. Low dose forskalin, which potenfiates activators of adenyl cyclase, showed additive effects with PGE on normal CFU-GM cells, however, showed no additive effects of PGE and forskalin, suggesting that PGE failed to activate adenyl cyclase. Normal CFU-GM incubated with PGE for two hours showed a significant increase in CFU-GM growth, and removal of adherent cells prior to exposure to PGE abrogated this effect. CML cells did not respond to a 2-h exposure to PGE, and removal of adherent cells from these cultures had no effect. Normal and CML CFU-GM showed dose-dependent increases in proliferation in the presence of PGF 2 . These studies confirm that CML CFC-GM are refractory to inhibition by PGE, and show that these cells respond normally to increased levels of intracellular cyclic AMP. Response of CML cells to PGF 2α is normal, and conversion of PGE to PGF could result in increased granulocyte progenitor proliferation.
The next generation of sustainable construction

This special issue of Building Research & Information is devoted to examining the future of sustainable construction, more precisely, how it is evolving and where it might expect it to be in the ne...
Differential Regulation of CD4 Lymphocyte Recruitment between the Upper and Lower Regions of the Genital Tract during Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis results in both the local recruitment of protective immune responses and an inflammatory infiltrate that may also participate in tubal pathology. As a beginning to understanding the etiology of immune system-mediated tubal pathology, we evaluated the regional recruitment of lymphocyte subsets to different areas of the female genital tract (GT) over the course of a murine infection with the mouse pneumonitis agent of Chlamydia trachomatis (MoPn). Using flow cytometric techniques we found that the CD4 lymphocyte subset was preferentially recruited to the upper GT (oviduct and uterine horn) over the lower GT (cervical-vaginal region) throughout the course of MoPn infection. The influx of CD4 cells also correlated with the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs) and in vitro lymphocyte adherence in the upper GT. Interestingly, the expression of ECAMs in the lower GT was not maintained longer than 7 days after infection, even in the presence of viable chlamydiae. Taken together, these data suggest that regulatory mechanisms of lymphocyte recruitment differ between the upper and lower regions of the GT and may influence the clearance of chlamydiae and the development of tubal pathology.
Using simulation to study statistical tests for arrival process and service time models for service systems

When fitting queueing models to service system data, it can be helpful to perform statistical tests to confirm that the candidate model is appropriate. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test can be used to test whether a sample of interarrival times or service times can be regarded as a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with a continuous cdf, and also to test a nonhomogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). Using extensive simulation experiments, we study the power of various alternative KS tests based on data transformations. Among available alternative tests, we find the one with the greatest power in testing a NHPP. Furthermore, we devise a new method to test a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with a specified continuous cdf; it first transforms a given sequence to a rate-1 Poisson process (PP) and then applies the existing KS test of a PP. We show that it has greater power than direct KS tests.