cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Quasi-Three-Dimensional Coastal Area Morphological Model

A quasi-three-dimensional coastal area morphological (Q3DCAM) model has been developed using the process-based approach. It is for simulating complex multiscale coastal processes, primarily morphodynamic changes of the seabed. This software package has integrated three key submodels for simulating irregular wave deformations, nearshore currents, and morphological processes. The quasi-three-dimensional capability of the depth-averaged model has been developed to consider the vertical flow structure inside the surf zone and the cross-shore movement mechanisms of nearshore currents, e.g., undertow and mass flux. To this end, the calculations of the radiation stresses inside the surf zone have been improved by introducing the nonsinusoidal wave model for surface roller effects due to the breaking wave. To predict accurately the wave field and the morphological processes near coastal structures, the wave diffraction effects were included in a multidirectional spectral wave transformation model. The morphodynamic change was modeled by considering the sediment transport due to the combinations of waves and currents. These three submodels were validated by simulating three laboratory experimental cases in regard to: (1) irregular wave deformations over a shoal; (2) longshore currents in a wave basin; and (3) moveable bed evolutions around an offshore breakwater under attack of an incident wave. The numerical results of the morphological modeling confirmed that the Q3DCAM model consisting of the diffraction effects and the surface roller effects is capable of predicting waves, currents, and morphodynamic changes more accurately than before. Therefore, this validated model can be applied to simulate more realistic morphological processes in coastal zones including structures.
Changing pattern of esophageal cancer incidence in New Mexico: a 30-year evaluation.

Background and Aim The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased over the last 30 years, especially in non-Hispanic whites (nHw). Recent work indicates an increase in Hispanic Americans (HA). It is important to understand the effect of ethnicity on cancer occurrence over a prolonged interval. Methods We searched the New Mexico Tumor Registry for all cases of esophageal cancer from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2002. Inclusion criteria were histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, ethnicity and gender. Incidence rates for both were compared among ethnic groups in 5-year intervals. Results Nine hundred eighty-eight patients met the criteria. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rates/100,000 population increased significantly over 30 years; 1973‐ 1977, 0.4 cases; 1978‐1982, 0.4 cases; 1983‐1987, 0.6 cases; 1988‐1992, 1.2 cases, 1993‐1997, 1.6 cases and 1998‐2002, 2.2 cases; P \ 0.001. Squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates remained unchanged during the interval. In nHw and HA, adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased significantly during the study period. In all minority groups, squamous cell carcinoma remained the major type. Conclusions Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence among nHw and HA increased from 1973 to 2002 in New Mexico. Squamous cell carcinoma remains predominant in minorities. Ethnicity may influence the histology or indicate an increased risk for certain types of esophageal cancer.
Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Gliosarcomatosis

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PDLG) is a rare condition with a fatal outcome, characterized by diffuse infiltration of the leptomeninges by neoplastic glial cells without evidence of primary tumor in the brain or spinal cord parenchyma. In particular, PDLG histologically diagnosed as gliosarcoma is extremely rare, with only 2 cases reported to date. We report a case of primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliosarcomatosis. A 68-year-old man presented with fever, chilling, headache, and a brief episode of mental deterioration. Initial T1-weighted post-contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement without a definite intraparenchymal lesion. Based on clinical and imaging findings, antiviral treatment was initiated. Despite the treatment, the patient's neurologic symptoms and mental status progressively deteriorated and follow-up MRI showed rapid progression of the disease. A meningeal biopsy revealed gliosarcoma and was conclusive for the diagnosis of primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliosarcomatosis. We suggest the inclusion of PDLG in the potential differential diagnosis of patients who present with nonspecific neurologic symptoms in the presence of leptomeningeal involvement on MRI.
Development of microwave package models utilizing on-wafer characterization techniques

A package characterization technique using coplanar waveguide (CPW) probes and line-reflect-match (LRM) calibrations for surface-mountable packages is presented. CPW-to-package adapters (CPA) are fabricated on alumina substrates to mount and measure the high-frequency response of plastic packages. Offset CPA standards in conjunction with an LRM calibration are used to de-embed the response of the adapters from the measured S-parameters. Application of this method is demonstrated by characterizing and modeling surface-mount microwave plastic packages.
GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION IN Al-10%Mg ALLOYS AT HOT WORKING TEMPERATURES

Abstract Monte-Carlo simulations are done to determine Mg enrichment at various grain-boundaries of Al–10%Mg alloys at hot working temperatures. The interatomic potentials used in the simulations are developed using the force-matching method. The Mg segregation levels at the grain-boundaries are found to vary from 20% to 40%. The segregation enrichment differences at different grain-boundary sites are explained in terms of atomic size and local hydrostatic stress. The segregation level varies strongly with [110] tilt boundaries from low to high angle while showing minimal variation with [100] twist boundaries. Segregation levels are found to have some correlation with grain-boundary energy. The effect on grain-boundary decohesion due to Mg segregation is found to be a modest (10--35%) reduction in fracture energy compared to the fracture energy in pure Al.
High Throughput CABAC Entropy Coding in HEVC

Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CAB-AC) is a method of entropy coding first introduced in H.264/AVC and now used in the newest standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). While it provides high coding efficiency, the data dependencies in H.264/AVC CABAC make it challenging to parallelize and thus, limit its throughput. Accordingly, during the standardization of entropy coding for HEVC, both coding efficiency and throughput were considered. This paper highlights the key techniques that were used to enable HEVC to potentially achieve higher throughput while delivering coding gains relative to H.264/AVC. These techniques include reducing context coded bins, grouping bypass bins, grouping bins with the same context, reducing context selection dependencies, reducing total bins, and reducing parsing dependencies. It also describes reductions to memory requirements that benefit both throughput and implementation costs. Proposed and adopted techniques up to draft international standard (test model HM-8.0) are discussed. In addition, analysis and simulation results are provided to quantify the throughput improvements and memory reduction compared with H.264/AVC. In HEVC, the maximum number of context-coded bins is reduced by 8×, and the context memory and line buffer are reduced by 3× and 20×, respectively. This paper illustrates that accounting for implementation cost when designing video coding algorithms can result in a design that enables higher processing speed and lowers hardware costs, while still delivering high coding efficiency.
Model of a Biological Neuron as a Temporal Neural Network

A biological neuron can be viewed as a device that maps a multidimensional temporal event signal (dendritic postsynaptic activations) into a unidimensional temporal event signal (action potentials). We have designed a network, the Spatio-Temporal Event Mapping (STEM) architecture, which can learn to perform this mapping for arbitrary biophysical models of neurons. Such a network appropriately trained, called a STEM cell, can be used in place of a conventional compartmental model in simulations where only the transfer function is important, such as network simulations. The STEM cell offers advantages over compartmental models in terms of computational efficiency, analytical tractability, and as a framework for VLSI implementations of biological neurons.
The Extra–Regional Transfer of Integrative Behavior

The growing body of literature on international integration variously defines regional cooperation and the voluntary erosion of national sovereignty as a terminal condition, a process, and as both process and terminal condition.' Common to these differing notions, however, is a concern with outcomes or consequences of integrative activ'ities. What is likely to result from the interactions among actors, conditions, and mechanisms in integration arrangements? Several hypotheses have been put forward as to possible outcomes, some of which are: (1) politicization; (2) redistribution; (3) reduction of alternatives (automaticity); (4) externalization; and (5) encapsulation.2 In this note, an hypothesis
The “Main Problem” Solved

What Brown called “the main problem” in the lunar theory consisted in the deduction, from Newton’s law of gravitation alone, of the motions of the Moon under the restrictions that the Moon, Earth, and Sun be regarded as point-particles, and the center of gravity of the Earth and Moon be assumed to move about the Sun in a fixed elliptic orbit.
Using Student-Developed Games to Increase Knowledge Retention

Previous literature has discussed the use of games as a means of augmenting student involvement in learning. This research examines the effectiveness of student-developed games to increase knowledge retention in two marketing courses. The sample included consumer behavior and integrated marketing communications students in two consecutive semesters. The pedagogy employed in the first of the two semesters included a traditional lecture-based approach, whereas the students in the second semester identified important concepts from the previous week’s lectures and integrated that content into a review game. A comprehensive examination and student survey at the end of the semester indicated that knowledge retention increased in the courses that utilized student-developed games.
MRI findings associated with development of incident knee pain over 48 months: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

The purpose of this nested case-control study was to identify baseline, incident, and progressive MRI findings visible on standard MRI clinical sequences that were associated with development of incident knee pain in subjects at risk for OA over a period of 48 months. We analyzed 60 case knees developing incident pain (WOMACpain = 0 at baseline and WOMACpain ≥ 5 at 48 months) and 60 control knees (WOMACpain = 0 at baseline and WOMACpain = 0 at 48 months) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. 3 T knee MRIs were analyzed using a modified WORMS score (cartilage, meniscus, bone marrow) at baseline and after 48 months. Baseline and longitudinal findings were grouped into logistic regression models and compared using likelihood-ratio tests. For each model that was significant, a stepwise elimination was used to isolate significant MRI findings. One baseline MRI finding and three findings that changed from baseline to 48 months were associated with the development of pain: at baseline, the severity of a cartilage lesion in the medial tibia was associated with incident pain—(odds ratio (OR) for incident pain = 3.05; P = 0.030). Longitudinally, an incident effusion (OR = 9.78; P = 0.005), a progressive cartilage lesion of the patella (OR = 4.59; P = 0.009), and an incident medial meniscus tear (OR = 4.91; P = 0.028) were associated with the development of pain. Our results demonstrate that baseline abnormalities of the medial tibia cartilage as well as an incident joint effusion, progressive patella cartilage defects, and an incident medial meniscus tear over 48 months may be associated with incident knee pain. Clinically, this study helps identify MRI findings that are associated with the development of knee pain.
Cross-Validation of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) in Child Welfare Service Organizations

The Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) is a brief, pragmatic, and efficient measure that can be used for research or organizational development to assess leader behaviors and actions that actively support effective implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). The ILS was originally validated with mental health clinicians. This study validates the ILS factor structure with providers in community-based organizations (CBOs) providing child welfare services. Participants were 214 service providers working in 12 CBOs that provide child welfare services. All participants completed the ILS, reporting on their immediate supervisor. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of the ILS. Internal consistency reliability and measurement invariance were also examined. Confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fit to the hypothesized first- and second-order factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was strong and there was partial measurement invariance for the first-order factor structure when comparing child welfare and mental health samples. The results support the use of the ILS to assess leadership for implementation of EBPs in child welfare organizations.
COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CALIFORNIA REEF FISHES OF THE GENUS EMBIOTOCA

Embiotoca lateralis and E. jacksoni are very similar morphologically and exhibit the greatest dietary overlap within a guild of microcarnivorous subtidal reef fishes off Santa Barbara, California. Within this zone of sympatry, they segregate by depth: E. lateralis numerically dominates shallow reef areas covered by various algae, from which it picks its prey; E jacksoni dominates and forages over deeper areas covered by a relatively food-poor "turf" of sessile invertebrates and small algae. E. lateralis rarely fed from turf-covered substrates experimentally translocated from deep water, while E. jacksoni frequently fed from translocated shallow algae. In allopatry, however, each species occupies all reef depths and commonly forages over both food substrates. When E. lateralis was experimentally removed from a reef inhabited by both species, E. jacksoni entered shallow areas and foraged over algae. However, removing E. jacksoni from another reef did not affect the distribution of E. lateralis. E. lateralis aggressively dominated E. jacksoni, and E. jacksoni avoided foraging near E. lateralis. E. lateralis eventually entered and foraged over deep reef areas only when all shallow algae and E. jacksoni were removed. Sympatric population densities of E. lateralis, here at the southern margin of its geographical range, are much lower than those of allopatric populations elsewhere. Hence, shallow food sources may be sufficiently abundant that marginal E. lateralis populations occupy only this richest end of the bathymetric reef food gradient. This situation may provide a competitive refuge for E. jacksoni in less productive deep reef areas, thus maintaining the coexistence of these species within the same habitat.
Highly polar states of Rydberg atoms in strong magnetic and weak electric fields

We study the spectra of diamagnetic rubidium Rydberg atoms in strong magnetic and weak electric parallel fields, in the $n$-mixing regime. Our emphasis is on isolated pairs of near-degenerate, opposite-parity, diamagnetic states that become mixed by the weak electric field. Such level pairs allow for the generation of nondegenerate states with large, tunable permanent electric dipole moments and large optical excitation cross sections from the atomic ground state. We investigate how the dipole moments and the zero-electric-field energy defects of these level pairs can be tuned using small variations of the electric and magnetic fields. Using calculations, we explore the abundance of such level pairs over wide spectral regions for several magnetic quantum numbers. Applications of polar, diamagnetic Rydberg states in Rydberg-atom interaction experiments are briefly discussed.
Cryptogenic liver abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes.

141 international units [IU]/liter; lactic dehydrogenase, 381 IU/liter; and bilirubin level, 1.2 mg/dl [the upper normal limits of these values are 115, 40, 225, and 1.2, respectively]). The patient was given iv fluid and insulin but he failed to improve. Two days later three blood cultures obtained on admission grew Listeria monocytogenes; iv administration of aqueous penicillin (12 milliunits per day) was begun. He remained febrile despite favorable MICs of penicillin (0.06 ajg/ml) and the later addition of gentamicin (120 mg per day iv) to his therapy. Evaluation of his liver by ultrasonography, technetium scanning, computed tomography, and arteriogram was carried out. These tests showed the presence of a large mass in the left lobe of the liver. This mass was aspirated during an exploratory laparotomy 12 days after admission, and it was found to be a large liver abscess; it was incised and drained immediately. Culture of the drainage fluid was negative and biopsy of the abscess wall and surrounding liver showed acute necrotizing inflammation. The patient's fever immediately decreased and the rest of his course was uneventful. The remainder of his therapy consisted of one week of penicillin iv, then two additional weeks of oral amoxicillin (1.5 g per day).
Exchanging Symbols for Symbolic Exchange: Towards a Realistic, Ecumenical, Reformed Sacramental Theology

This article examines recent articulations of Reformed sacramental theology by Michael Horton and Nicholas Wolterstorff, both of whom appropriate the insights of speech act theory in their accounts of Calvinist sacramentology. I put these expressions of Reformed thought into conversation with the fundamental theology of the French Roman Catholic, Louis-Marie Chauvet, noting areas of convergence. I contend that Chauvet’s sacramental theology provides the resources for the Reformed to develop their own sacramental theology in a considerably higher direction, while also remaining true to their fundamental commitments.
Coupling strength between localized Ca2+ transients and K+ channels is regulated by protein kinase C

Localized Ca2+ transients resulting from inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca2+ release couple to spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in murine colonic myocytes. Confocal microscopy...
Experimental study on ultrasound assessment of testis survivorship after complete block of testicular artery

Objective To explore the influence of testis survivorship after complete block of testicular artery. Methods Thirty male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups,right testicular artery was completely blocked for three hours in group A,six hours in group B,and twelve hours in group C,then the block was relieved.Gray-scale and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) were performed before and after the artery block.The hemodynamics changes of testis parenchyma and testicular artery were observed,and the main detection indexes included the max blood flow velocity of right testicular artery in end-systole (Vs),the max blood flow velocity in end-diastole(Vd)and resistance index(RI).Pathological section was performed on testicular tissue,the condition of testis necrosis under optical microscope and electron microscopy was observed.Results After testicular artery block,testis hemodynamics and two-dimensional sonograms were changed obviously in all the groups.Vs,Vd were decreased and RI was increased with the block time increased.There was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05). Parenchyma necrosis of testis was observed in various degrees.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound can detect blood supply and determine survivorship of testis after blood flow obstacle.
Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act: SaVing Lives or SaVing Face?

The purpose of this study is to examine colleges’ and universities’ compliance with the criteria presented by the Sexual Assault and Violence Education Act (SaVE). Using a stratified random sample of postsecondary institutions (n = 435), we examined university websites in spring 2015 to determine whether schools were meeting each criterion of the SaVE Act. Additionally, we also examined what types of programs were offered for prevention, the accessibility of the information (by number of separations from universities main website). Lastly, we examined how university resources and programs, as well as institutional and student characteristics, were related to overall compliance and the availability of online information on sexual violence programs that institutions offered. Findings showed that only 11 % of schools within the sample were fully compliant with the requirements of the SaVE Act and on average, each school met ten of the eighteen criteria for compliance. Most resources were available within websites that were three to four separations from the main university page. Student population and region were positively associated with whether any programs on sexual violence programs were offered and schools with women’s centers were more likely to offer program/s on dating/domestic violence. Additionally, ROTC programs and larger student populations were positively associated with compliance, while being located in the south was negatively associated.
The impact of capacitors selection and placement to the ESL and ESR

High frequency capacitors are used in the power delivery network for decoupling solution. From the impedance in frequency domain, those capacitors which are located near the load current provides the high frequency decoupling solution rather than the capacitors further away. Therefore, embedded package capacitors are desired due to its high frequency decoupling effect. However, in high frequency region, inductance of the capacitors (ESL) is sensitive and can introduce high resonant in the power delivery network. The resonance causes large spike or droop if the resonate frequency is hit. In order to reduce the ESL, the placement of capacitors is important to create smaller loop inductance. The paper discusses the methodology used to model the actual capacitor placement using electrical parameters. A study on the two terminal capacitor for various package designs is done to investigate the impact of different geometry. The paper also discusses the impact of series resistance to the power delivery resonance and how it can be optimized in the capacitor placement.
The DNP/MPH Dual Degree: An Innovative Graduate Education Program for Advanced Public Health Nursing

Strong professional priorities, evolving Affordable Care Act requirements, and a significantly limited public health nursing workforce prompted the University of Colorado College of Nursing to collaborate with the School of Public Health to implement one of the first Doctor of Nursing Practice/Master of Public Health dual degree programs in the nation. Federal grant funding supported the development, implementation, and evaluation of this unique post-baccalaureate dual degree program, for which there were no roadmaps, models, or best practices to follow. Several key issues emerged that serve as lessons learned in creating a new, novel higher education pathway for Advanced Public Health Nursing. This paper highlights two of those: (1) marketing, admission, and matriculation across two programs, and (2) enhancing curricula through distance coursework and interprofessional education. When collaboration with a school of public health is possible, the Doctor of Nursing Practice/Master of Public Health dual degree is an efficient way to prepare public health nurses' with the highest level of public health knowledge, practice, and leadership expertise.
Should Amdahl's Law be repealed?

An appropriate observation made by Gene Amdahl in 1967 about data management housekeeping overhead was subsequently construed by his commentators as embodying a fundamental limitation to parallel computation and was elevated to to the rank of “Amdahl's Law”. It is argued that Amdahl's Law, as formulated, has no fundamental character, but refers to specific technological choices, such as programs and input/output modes. Indeed, algorithmic research has shown that most problems are parallelizable. It is also argued here, on the basis of VLSI's area-time theory, that the I/O bandwidth is not a basic physical limitation. The seemingly inherently serial P-complete problems, as characterized by algorithmic research, constitute the only class to whose programs Amdahl's Law trivially applies.
Messy Chemical Kinds

AbstractFollowing Kripke ([1980]) and Putnam ([1973], [1975]), the received view of chemical kinds has been a microstructuralist one. To be a microstructuralist about chemical kinds is to think tha...
Biomaterials: Degradation and Effects on Living Tissue

Besides the already explained biocompatibility concept of Chap. 2 the cytotoxicity of the biomaterial should be an additional concept to be explored so as to elucidate the body of knowledge involving interface interactions between tissues/biomaterial for the in vivo condition.
Observations on Murex Messorius and Murex Tryoni with the Description of Two New Species of Murex

There is a widespread species of Murex in the Caribbean area, both fossil and living, which has been referred by most authors to M. messorius Sowerby. However, M. messorius was described without locality data and consequently has been the subject of some concern to the writer. In her Murex monograph (Vokes, 1963, p. 103) the name M. messorius was used upon the advice of A. A. Olsson, who considered the form later named M. woodringi by Clench and Perez Farfante to be the same.
Competitiveness of Rice Cultivars as a Tool for Crop-Based Weed Management

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world both in terms of acreage planted and human consumption (Evans, 1998). Millions of people derive a substantial portion of their caloric intake from rice and rice is grown on every continent except Antarctica (IRRI, 1993). Rice is unique among crops in the variety of environments in which it can be grown which range from drought-prone sites to tropical rainforest and from sea level to the slopes of the Himalayas (IRRI, 1993). Cropping systems range from highly mechanized, high yielding, irrigated systems in which fields are continually flooded to lower-yielding rainfed upland rice where prolonged periods of moisture stress may occur (IRRI, 1993). Weed control is essential across rice cropping systems and the economic costs of weed management practices and yield losses can be substantial (Moody, 1996). Weed management practices are also diverse and range from hand-weeding to the near-exclusive reliance on herbicides for control. Despite the diversity of environments and weed management practices, these cropping systems all rely to some extent on vigorous crop growth to interfere with weed growth. Enhanced crop competitive ability has been proposed for reducing the costs of weed control and as an environmentally-compatible tool for rice farmers (Moody, 1996). The rationale for adopting more competitive cultivars varies with cropping systems. In the Ivory Coast, approximately half of the rice yield decline was attributed to increased weed pressure (Becker and Johnson, 1995). Johnson et al. (1998) suggested that more competitive upland rice cultivars might reduce the need for hand-weeding in West Africa where only a small proportion of farmers rely on herbicides for weed control. In contrast, rice production in California is highly dependent on herbicide use and work on competitive cultivars (Gibson et al., 2001 a, b) was driven by concerns related to reducing pesticide loads in the environment and to the evolution of cross-resistant watergrass (Echinochloa spp.) populations (Fischer et al., 2000).
How can timing and efficacy of palliative care referrals be improved

Introduction: The scope of palliative care includes goal setting, management of symptoms in advanced illness, and psychosocial support for both patients and caregivers. Palliative care has gained a...
30 Clinical outcomes in the management of very elderly patients with st elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Background There is very little clinical data or specific management guidelines for very elderly patients with STEMI. We evaluated our practice in the management of STEMI in patients over age 85. This was a retrospective study of STEMI patients aged >85 in a PPCI (Primary percutaneous coronary intervention) centre over an 18 month period. Methods and Results Data was collected from local and MINAP database. Of the 993 patients,6.6% were >85 years of age. There were 38 males (average age 88 years (85–96). 63% had PPCI and 27% were treated medically. Inferior MI (50%) was more common than Anterior (36%). Patients had multiple co-morbidities. 77% were discharged alive and 23% died in hospital and a further 16% died 1 year post-discharge. In –hospital complication rate was 13%. Of 31 managed conservatively, 67% were females. Presentation was generally atypical. PPCI was not offered due to late presentation(32%),cardiogenic shock, high risk of bleeding, resolution of symptoms and frailty. 64% were discharged alive, 22% died in the hospital and 4 transferred to a different hospital. Additional 25% died 1 year post-discharge. Complication rate was 12%. In the PPCI group (35), 24 (68%) male patients, average age 87 years presented with typical symptoms.85% of patients were discharged alive and a further 8.5% died within 1 year post-discharge. Complication rate was 14%. Elderly patients undergoing PPCI had better outcomes despite multiple co-morbidities. Conclusion Therefore, PPCI has a role in the treating the very elderly with STEMI, this analysis emphasises the need for clinical trials targeted at this population.
An R2 statistic for covariance model selection in the linear mixed model

The linear mixed model, sometimes referred to as the multi-level model, is one of the most widely used tools for analyses involving clustered data. Various definitions of R2 have been proposed for the linear mixed model, but several limitations prevail. Presently, there is no method to compute R2 for the linear mixed model that accommodates an interpretation based on variance partitioning, a method to quantify uncertainty and produce confidence limits for the R2 statistic, and a capacity to use the R2 statistic to conduct covariance model selection in a manner similar to information criteria. In this article, we introduce such an R2 statistic. The proposed R2 measures the proportion of generalized variance explained by fixed effects in the linear mixed model. Simulated and real longitudinal data are used to illustrate the statistical properties of the proposed R2 and its capacity to be applied to covariance model selection.
Higher-Order Structure

The preceding chapter has described in considerable detail the repeating unit of chromatin structure, the nucleosome. Now we turn to the more difficult problem of how these subunits are arranged to form the complex entities that are chromosomes. There are three separable but interrelated aspects to this problem, which can best be expressed as questions: 1. How are the nucleosomes arranged along the DNA strand, and with respect to its sequence? This is essentially a problem of linear organization. 2. How is this linear sequence of nucleosomes coiled or wrapped so as to form the chromosomes fibers observable in the electron microscope? 3. In both interphase and metaphase nuclei, there is evidence that the chromatim fibers are themselves further coiled and arranged in defined ways. What is the functional significance of such organization? Both (2) and (3) are clearly questions of spatial arrangement.
Schlafphysiologische Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung verschiedener Matratzen

Es wurde untersucht, ob der Einflus der Matratze auf den Schlaf und somit auf die Erholung durch Messung objektiver Grosen, wie Elektrencephalogramm, Motilitat und Temperatur, erfast werden kann. Neben diesen objektiven Kriterien diente die subjektive Befragung der Versuchspersonen als Grundlage der Beurteilung. Die Untersuchung umfast insgesamt 53 Nachte mit 5 Versuchspersonen. Unter den gewahlten bzw. vorgegebenen Versuchsbedingungen ergab die vergleichende Untersuchung bei allen Versuchspersonen gleichsinnige Befunde, die mit der subjektiven Beurteilung generell ubereinstimmen: Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse sind: Die Dauer des Wachseins und des flachen Schlafs waren bei Matratze F kurzer als auf Matratze K. Gemessen an den Korperbewegungen und der Armmotorik war der Nachtschlaf auf Matratze F ruhiger als auf Matratze K. Die psychophysische Leistung und das subjektive Empfinden der Versuchspersonen waren nach dem Schlafen auf Matratze F hoher bzw. besser. Die gewahlte Mesmethodik ist fur eine vergleichende schlafphysiologische Untersuchung verschiedener Matratzen geeignet.
Trimming and sheared edge stretchability of automotive 6xxx aluminum alloys

Abstract Edge quality produced by shearing processes often leads to reduced material formability which was observed in multiple studies and summarized in the reference literature. The intention to make the sheared edge performance more predictable has motivated the development of several experimental techniques such as the hole expansion test and the tensile test with one side of the sample sheared in various cutting conditions. The paper presents a review of published results for both of these techniques and illustrates very limited research dedicated to sheared edge performance of aluminum alloys. The experimental study was performed on three broadly used in automotive industry 6xxx serious aluminum alloys which have similar mechanical properties and chemical composition with some variation in processing regimes and individual elements quantities. The effects of cutting clearance on longitudinal, transverse and diagonal orientations of the trim line relative to the rolling direction were discussed for all three alloys. The results of standard tensile test of all three materials were very similar with rather small difference in work hardening and almost no difference in total elongations measured by an extensometer. Measurements of elongations as a result of stretching of samples along orthogonally trimmed sheared surfaces indicated that the increase of the cutting clearance above 5% for Alloy 1 and above 15% for Alloy 2 usually leads to formation of burrs and reduced elongations of trimmed samples before fracture occurs. The effect of cutting clearance on sheared edge stretching performance for Alloy 3 is significantly less pronounced than for Alloys 1 and 2, which makes Alloy 3 very attractive for exterior panel automotive applications in which significant stretching of sheared edge can be anticipated. Detailed discussion of mechanism of blank separation during trimming process was based upon the results of 2D numerical simulation and interrupted trimming process with partially propagated cracks.
Hospitality to Others Rooted in an Ecclesiology of the Baptized People of God

Video AbstractHospitality to Others Rooted in an Ecclesiology of the Baptized People of God If the Church is considered to be an assembly of the baptized people of Christ’s body, then that structur...
Anomaly constraints on gapped phases with discrete chiral symmetry

We prove that in $(3+1)d$ quantum field theories with ${\mathbb{Z}}_{N}$ symmetry, certain anomalies forbid a symmetry-preserving vacuum state with a gapped spectrum. In particular, this applies to discrete chiral symmetries which are frequently present in gauge theories as we illustrate in examples. Our results also constrain the long-distance behavior of certain condensed matter systems such as Weyl-semimetals and may have applications to crystallographic phases with symmetry protected topological order. These results may be viewed as analogs of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for continuum field theories.
Signal Temporal Logic Control for Residential HVAC Systems to Accommodate High Solar PV Penetration

This paper proposes a new signal temporal logic (STL) control for ON/OFF residential buildings' Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. STL is used to control indoor temperatures while consuming most of the generated solar photovoltaic (PV) power locally to minimize its impact on the grid and reduce the need for large energy storage devices. In contrast to most, if not all, control mechanisms such as the traditional model predictive control (MPC), STL control allows for including temporal constraints in the control formulation to further relax indoor temperatures' constraints and allow them to exceed the comfort band limits for a prespecified (short) period of time. This relaxation allows to consume an additional PV power by the HVAC systems, which prevents such an unwanted intermittent power from affecting the grid. We formulate the MPC-based STL control mechanism to implement the objective. Simulation results show that the PV tracking performance has been improved while employing the proposed STL controller.
19 – Wilms' tumor

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the clinical features, signs and symptoms, pathology, and treatments of Wilms' Tumor. Wilms' tumor is the second most common malignant retroperitoneal tumor. It is the most common primary renal tumor of childhood. The tumor is derived from primitive metanephric blastema and is characterized by histopathologic diversity and is composed of persistent blastema, dysplastic tubules, and supporting mesenchyme or stroma. The incidences of congenital anomalies in patients with Wilms' tumor are genitourinary anomalies, congenital aniridia, congenital hemihypertrophy, musculoskeletal anomalies, and hamartomas. Initial signs and symptoms of the tumor are palpable mass in abdomen, hypertension, hematuria, obstipation, weight loss, urinary tract infection, diarrhea, and previous trauma. The major investigations made in the patients are physical examination, history, complete blood count, blood chemistries, assessment of coagulation factors, assessment of cardiac status, abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT scan, chest radiograph, chest CT scan, skeletal scintigram, magnetic resonance imaging and/or CT scan of brain, and peripheral blood for chromosomal analysis. Recessive cancer genes (suppressor genes) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor. The Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene encodes a transcription factor that is important in normal kidney and gonadal development. The basic proposed treatments given to the patients of Wilms' tumor are: radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy.
The Kinetics of Rapid Crystallization in Pure Metals

Pulsed laser irradiation has been shown (1) to result in the formation and extremely rapid quenching of thin molten layers of both semiconductors and metals. The case of silicon has been extensively investigated. However, the solidification of silicon is also accompanied by a change in the character of the atomic bonding, from metallic in the liquid to covalent in the crystal. This work examines ultrarapid crystallization in metals in order to study the transition from a disordered state to one of long-range order in a system where the bonding is the same in the crystal and liquid. Some evidence exists that this may be a much more rapid process (2–5). One of the first quantitative observations (6) of a phase change in silicon during pulsed laser irradiation employed the transient reflectance technique. The liquid-crystal interface velocity in silicon was later measured directly using the transient change in conductance (7). Both of these experiments were facilitated by the dissimilarity of the crystal and its melt; the reflectance differs by a factor of two and the dc conductivity by several orders of magnitude. In metals the reflectance changes by only about 5% on melting and the dc conductance drops by at most a factor of two. This work employs a standard pump/probe technique to monitor transient changes in the reflectance during pulsed laser irradiation.
Multi-center implementation of automated age-adjusted D-dimer results reduces unnecessary PE imaging.

Abstract Background Several previous studies have investigated the clinical utility of age-adjusted D-dimer cutoffs for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE). Objectives We performed a pre/post implementation study, using data from a mid-Atlantic healthcare system comprising 6 hospitals and 400,000 ED visits to determine whether implementing age adjusted D-dimer cutoffs reduced the number of imaging tests performed. Methods Retrospective study of all patients who had a D-dimer performed during ED visits between September 2015 to September 2018. On March 21, 2017, the D-dimer upper limit of normal system-wide was increased for patients over 50 to: Age (years) x 0.01μg/mL. D-dimer results were displayed as normal or high based on automated age adjustment. EHR Chart review was performed 1.5 years prior to implementation of age-adjusted D-dimer cutoffs, as well as 1.5 years after to evaluate mortality and test accuracy characteristics such as false negative rates. Comparisons were made using chi-square testing. Results 22,302 D-dimers were performed pre-implementation of which 10,837 (48.6%) were positive resulting in 7218 (32.3%) imaging studies. After implementation of age-adjusted d-dimer, 25,082 were performed of which 10,851 (43.2%) were positive resulting in 7017 (28.0%) imaging studies. (pre: 48.6%, post: 43.2%; p Conclusion Implementation of an automated age-adjusted D-dimer positive reference value reduced CT and V/Q imaging in this population by 4.4% while increasing test accuracy in a regional, heterogeneous six-hospital system.
Analysis of Non-sharing, Lack and Timeliness of Information in Work Teams

The paper focuses on specific aspects of information behaviour, especially on information sharing in work teams. A pilot empirical study based on the research sample of 85 respondents has been carried out. Our research examines how important it is for individual employees to share information, whether they always have the information they need to accomplish their task, how much they are affected if they do not get it in time, how important informal information, and its author, are for them. However, the main focus has been on the deliberate withholding of information, whether respondents have any experience with it and what reasons may have played a role in this behaviour. The results show that a majority of respondents has all the information needed for their work, they confirm the importance of informal information and, also, how is its author. The second objective of the study was to investigate whether the just specified features of information depend on selected characteristics of companies and respondents.
Utilizing instructor practice experience to promote critical thinking for program proposals in an undergraduate public health course.

Objective: To encourage the inclusion of research practice in instruction. Methods: The choice to bring existing research into a classroom to enhance student engagement and learning does not have t...
The Financial Crisis of 2008: A History of US Financial Markets 2000–2012

Supported by ten years of research, Wigmore has gathered extensive data covering the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent recovery to provide the first comprehensive history of the period. Financial crises cannot occur unless institutional investors finance the bubbles that created them. Wigmore follows the trail of data putting pressure on institutional investors to achieve higher levels of returns that led to over-leverage throughout the financial system and placed such a burden on recovery. Here is a 'very good picture - and painful reminder - of the crisis' evolution across multiple asset classes, structures, participants, and geographies.' This work serves as a critical analysis of modern portfolio management and an important reference work for financial professionals, academics, investors, and students.
Facing the Storm: Our First Annual Faculty of Color Writing Retreat as a Microcosm for Being a Black Woman in the Academy:

In this article, four Black woman scholars explore their experiences in academia through the shared event of a writing retreat. This piece follows the rich storytelling history of Black women schol...
Code Change Sniffer: Predicting Future Code Changes with Markov Chain

Code changes are one of the essential processes of software evolution. These changes are performed to fix bugs, improve quality of software, and provide a better user experience. However, such changes made in code could lead to ripple effects that can cause unwanted behavior. To prevent such issues occurring after code changes, code change prediction, change impact analysis techniques are used. The proposed approach uses static call information, forward slicing, and method change information to build a Markov chain, which provides a prediction for code changes in the near future commits. For static call information, we utilized and compared call graph and effect graph. We performed an evaluation on five open-source projects from GitHub that varies between 5K-26K lines of code. To measure the effectiveness of our proposed approach, recall, precision, and f-measure metrics have been used on five open-source projects. The results show that the Markov chain that is based on call graph can have higher precision compared to effect graph. On the other hand, for small number of cases higher recall values are obtained with effect graph compared to call graph. With a Markov chain model based on call graph and effect graph, we can achieve recall values between 98%-100%.
Brain Accumulation of Amyloid-β in Non-Alzheimer Neurodegeneration

We report an unusual case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) marked by extensive cerebral amyloid-beta deposition in small and medium-size vessels, capillaries, and perivascular plaques in the cerebral cortex, and in most leptomeningeal vessels. Despite considerable cerebral amyloidosis, the patient remained cognitively intact until death. For comparison with other neuro-degenerative diseases and normal aging, we assessed the densities of amyloid-beta-immunoreactive cortical vessels and plaques in matched frontal and temporal lobe sections from archival uncomplicated cases of Alzheimer's disease (N=10), Pick's disease (PkD; N=4), Parkinson's disease (PD; N=6), Diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD; N=7), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; N=5), multiple systems atrophy (MSA; N=4), ALS (N=7), or normal aging (N=10) by semi-quantitative grading (0 to 3+). Moderate (2+) or abundant (3+) cerebrovascular amyloid-beta immunoreactivity was detected in 8/10 AD, 3/7 DLBD, 3/6 PD, 1 each with PSP or PkD, and 2/10 controls. Moderate or abundant densities of amyloid-beta-immunoreactive diffuse plaques were detected in all cases of AD or DLBD, 4/6 with PD, 3/5 with PSP, and 2/10 controls. Moderate or abundant amyloid-beta-immunoreactive mature (dense core) plaques were present in all cases of AD or DLBD, and 3 each with PD or PSP. Importantly, amyloid-beta-immunoreactivity was not observed in the 4 MSA or 7 archival ALS cases. This study demonstrates that prominent amyloid-beta accumulation in cerebral vessels and plaques occurs frequently in AD, DLBD, PSP, and PD, but not in ALS or MSA, indicating that the case described is unique. The lack of cognitive impairment in the case presented argues against the idea that extensive amyloid-beta deposition in the brain causes dementia.