cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diurnal variation in serum concentrations of cortisol in captive African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants

Cortisol is involved in a broad range of physiological processes and enables animals to adapt to new situations and challenges. Diurnal fluctuations in circulating cortisol concentrations in elephants have been demonstrated based on samples from urine and saliva. The aims of this study were to demonstrate diurnal cortisol fluctuations based on blood samples and compare concentrations between seasons, species, and changes in reproductive hormone concentrations. Nine African (Loxodonta africana) and three Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants at two facilities in the United States were included in this study. Blood samples were collected every 2-3 h at one location and every 1-6 h at another. Peak serum concentrations of cortisol averaged 28 ng/ml for both African and Asian elephants, and diurnal cycles included a fivefold decrease from morning peak to evening nadir concentrations. Diurnal cortisol profiles varied uniquely among individual elephants. During the winter, nadir concentrations of cortisol were slightly higher, and the timing of peak concentrations was less predictable. There was no correlation between diurnal serum concentrations of progesterone and cortisol; however, a significant correlation (p = .02) was identified between serum concentrations of testosterone and cortisol when a time lag of ~2-3 h was considered. The physiological significance of the positive correlations between diurnal serum concentrations of cortisol and testosterone in male elephants remains to be determined. If cortisol concentrations are being used to evaluate elephant health or welfare, samples should be obtained at the same time each day to minimize variation due to diurnal fluctuations, and ideally seasonal variations and individuality in diurnal profiles should also be considered.
Evaluating the Influence of Targeted Air Flow on Sound Pressure Level and Closed Quotient

Purpose Measures of estimated subglottal air pressure and translaryngeal air flow enable the researcher or clinician to noninvasively assess aerodynamic features related to respiratory and phonator...
Children caught in the middle: a brief educational intervention for divorced parents

Children from divorced homes are caught in the middle of parental conflict significantly more often and are experiencing more resulting stress than children from intact homes. Our intention was to use a brief educational intervention to reduce the number of times divorced parents put their children in the middle. Participants were 45 high school students with divorced parents (male = 22, female = 23; Mage = 15.8). These subjects rated the frequency and stressfulness of 32 such situations. The parents of the intervention group were mailed the subjects' averaged responses on the 32 items and an explanatory letter. The same 32-item questionnaire was given about 1 month after the mailing as the intervention evaluation. Subjects in the intervention group improved more than the two control groups combined, F(1,42) = 3.45, p < .10. These results imply that having divorced parents read some brief information is sufficient to produce behavior changes in the majority of those parents.
Software Piracy in Chilean e-Society

The Business Software Alliance and their counterparts in the global market are determined to make significant progress in curbing the Software Piracy globally. Their aggressive pursuit in their endeavor has produced results in bringing down the piracy rate. However, despite the highly net-ready Chile being part of the Latin American region still leads in the software piracy rate. In this study, a micro-level research is performed on the convenient sample of Chilean graduate students to measure their moral intensity towards piracy. The results show that Chileans are at the lower level of moral intensity toward Software Piracy. This suggests that more work needs to be done in educating Chileans in curbing the software piracy and its impact on the economy and business environment.
Differential effects of monocular deprivation on glutamic acid decarboxylase and type II calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gene expression in the adult monkey visual cortex.

Increases in immunocytochemically detectable type II calcium-calmodulin- dependent protein kinase (CaM II kinase) and decreases in immunocytochemically detectable glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are known to occur in the visual cortex of adult monkeys following brief periods of monocular visual deprivation. In the present study, GAD and CaM II kinase gene expression was investigated under these conditions. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to generate species- specific cDNA clones that were used to make antisense RNA probes. A second form of CaM II kinase alpha, CaM II kinase alpha-33, which contains an additional phosphorylation consensus sequence, was identified. In situ hybridization in normal visual cortex revealed a complex sublaminar organization of GAD-expressing cells within layers IVC and VI and a distribution of CaM II kinase alpha-expressing cells that was greatest in layers II, III, IVB, and VI. In situ hybridization in the cortex from animals that had been monocularly deprived revealed enhanced CaM II kinase mRNA levels in deprived-eye columns of layer IVC and, associated with the deprived eye, cytochrome oxidase-stained periodicities in other layers. In layer IV, the enhancement of labeling in deprived-eye stripes was, on average, 16% greater than in normal-eye stripes. By contrast, GAD, mRNA levels appeared unchanged in all layers, suggesting a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism.
Estimating total body heat dissipation in air and water from skin surface heat flux telemetry in Weddell seals

Accurate estimates of thermoregulatory costs in air and water are necessary to predict the impacts of changing habitats to individuals and populations of ice-obligate seals. Investigations that would provide such estimates of thermoregulatory physiology over natural activities in free-ranging marine mammals have been limited. This study describes a biotelemetry method for measuring skin surface heat flux in free-ranging Weddell seals. These data are then applied to estimations of thermoregulatory heat dissipation from multiple point measurements. Data loggers collecting skin surface heat flux telemetry at four body locations (head, neck, axilla and flank) from 40 free-ranging Weddell seals were deployed and recovered over periods of 1–13 days in Erebus Bay, Antarctica. We derive equations for estimating total body heat dissipation from these point measurements and demonstrate the subsequent calculation of heat dissipated from obligate thermoregulatory costs. Heat lost to air or water was described by heat flux sensor data extrapolated across the whole-body surface, as informed by skin surface infrared thermal patterns. Heat lost directly to the ice surface during haul-out was best described by physical features of the seal, rather than environmental variables. Heat flux inputs from the four sensors could be reduced to two principal components, and corresponding regressions indicated that the axilla and flank sensors were most correlated with total body heat dissipation in air and water. Variability in head sensor heat flux was least described by the two principal components. This method can be used to estimate total body heat dissipation during daily activities in marine mammals, and under steady-state conditions, it can be used to identify obligate thermoregulatory heat costs. Ultimately this type of data will provide relevant empirical information for parameterizing models of thermoregulatory energetics in ice-obligate seals, which may improve our ability to predict outcomes of altered ice conditions at high latitudes.
Using Protein Dimers to Maximize the Protein Hybridization Efficiency with Multisite DNA Origami Scaffolds.

DNA origami provides a versatile platform for conducting ‘architecture-function’ analysis to determine how the nanoscale organization of multiple copies of a protein component within a multi-protein machine affects its overall function. Such analysis requires that the copy number of protein molecules bound to the origami scaffold exactly matches the desired number, and that it is uniform over an entire scaffold population. This requirement is challenging to satisfy for origami scaffolds with many protein hybridization sites, because it requires the successful completion of multiple, independent hybridization reactions. Here, we show that a cleavable dimerization domain on the hybridizing protein can be used to multiplex hybridization reactions on an origami scaffold. This strategy yields nearly 100% hybridization efficiency on a 6-site scaffold even when using low protein concentration and short incubation time. It can also be developed further to enable reliable patterning of a large number of molecules on DNA origami for architecture-function analysis.
CEO compensation in relation to worker compensation across countries: The configurational impact of country-level institutions

Executive compensation and its relation to that of rank and file employees are vital areas of strategy research. This study contributes to our understanding of cross-national differences in executive compensation by exploring how key formal and informal country-level institutions of social power structures combine to shape CEO and worker compensation across countries as well as the resulting pay dispersion. Analyzing data spanning 54 countries using the configurational approach fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the study also explores the causal asymmetry underlying compensation outcomes by investigating institutional configurations linked to high CEO compensation, high worker pay, and high pay dispersion and those configurations linked to the absence of these outcomes. The article concludes by discussing the study's implications for theory and research on executive compensation.
Effect of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes on Intestinal Peptidases in the Rat*

Intestinal transport of amino acids, similar to sugar absorption, is enhanced in experimental diabetes. Because peptidases play a significant role in peptide digestion, we examined the effect of diabetes on intestinal peptidases. Leucyl-naphthylamidase and leucyl- glycine hydrolase (brush border peptidases) and prolyl- glycine hydrolase (cytosol peptidase) were assayed in the brush border and cytosol fraction in diabetic rats 7 days after alloxan administration. Mucosal weight, protein concentration, and total and specific activity of leucyl-naphthylamidase and leucyl-glycine hydrolase were significantly increased in diabetes in the brush border but not in cytosol fraction. By contrast, prolylglycine hydrolase was not affected in cytosol fraction or brush border. These data indicate that brush border peptidases are increased in experimental diabetes. This adaptive response of the small intestinal mucosa is similar to disaccharidase elevation and alteration in the intestinal absorptive function which occur...
Plasticity responses in ultra-small confined cubes and films

Abstract Nanoindentation-induced dislocation emission at 5–7 nm displacements in ultra-thin films (12–33 nm) and nanocubes (40–60 nm) is used to examine deformation and plasticity models. Using the Tabor estimate, this displacement corresponds to a plastic strain of 3–5%. Load–displacement curves produced using nanoindentation show evidence of discretized, Burgers vector–length displacement steps, or excursions, which can be associated with individual dislocation emission events. Using these displacement steps and the residual plasticity present on unloading, theoretical hardening models are developed. Linear and parabolic hardening approaches are compared for ultra-thin films of nickel, cobalt, and Permalloy (Ni80Fe20), and also for silicon nanocubes. It is determined that the linear hardening model can predict the early trends of the experimental data while parabolic hardening may be more appropriate at later stages.
Feminism and theories of scientific knowledge

(1990). Feminism and theories of scientific knowledge. Women: A Cultural Review: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 87-98.
Model independent approaches to reionization in the analysis of upcoming CMB data

Abstract On large angular scales, CMB polarization depends mostly on the evolution of the ionization level of the IGM during reionization. In order to avoid biasing parameter estimates, an accurate and model independent approach to reionization is needed when analyzing high precision data, like those expected from the Planck experiment. In this paper, we consider two recently proposed methods of fitting for reionization and we discuss their respective advantages. We test both methods by performing a MonteCarlo Markov Chain analysis of simulated Planck data, assuming different fiducial reionization histories. We take into account both temperature and polarization data up to high multipoles, and we fit for both reionization and non-reionization parameters. We find that while a wrong assumption on reionization may bias τ e , A s and r by 1–3 standard deviations, other parameters, in particular n s , are not significantly biased. The additional reionization parameters introduced by considering the model independent methods do not affect the accuracy of the estimates of the main cosmological parameters, the biggest degradation being of order ∼15% for τ e . Finally, we show that neglecting helium contribution in the analysis increase the bias on τ e , r and A s even when a general fitting approach to reionization is assumed.
Analysis of Barium and Strontium in Sediments by dc Plasma Emission Spectrometry

The dc plasma are is suited to analysis of barium and strontium in a wide range of sedimentary rock matrices, from sands, shales, and carbonates, to ferromanganese nodules. Samples containing 10 ppm to more than 3000 ppm barium and strontium were studied. Both alkali (3500 ppm lithium borate, from a preliminary fusion) and lanthanum salts (1%) in the final solution are needed to achieve freedom from systematic effects due to extreme variation in matrix. In the absence of La, neither Li, Na, K, nor Cs totally eliminated effects of Al and other constituents on emission. Silica addition to the fusion helps achieve proper flux viscosity to aid removal of fused beads from graphite crucibles. The effect of refractory-substance formers such as aluminum with calcium can be reduced or removed by selection of a portion of the are for emission measurement. However, it was decided not to pursue this approach because of loss in analytical sensitivity and need for greater precision in optical adjustment. Analysis of standard rock samples showed generally satisfactory agreement with precision methods of analysis, and some new standard rock data are reported.
A urinary metabolite of phenanthrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic activation in workers exposed to residual oil fly ash.

Residual oil fly ash is a chemically complex combustion product containing a significant component of potentially carcinogenic transition metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Various biomarkers of PAH exposure have been investigated previously, most notably 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), in urine. In this study, we assessed the utility of r -1, t -2,3, c -4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene ( trans, anti -PheT), a metabolite of phenanthrene, to detect occupational PAH exposure. Urine samples collected across the workweek were analyzed for 1-OHP and trans, anti -PheT in boilermakers ( n = 20) exposed to residual oil fly ash. Median baseline urinary trans, anti -PheT concentrations were 0.50 μg/g creatinine in current tobacco smokers and 0.39 μg/g creatinine in nonsmokers. Median baseline urinary 1-OHP concentrations in smokers and nonsmokers were 0.31 and 0.13 μg/g creatinine, respectively. To study further the effect of smoking exposure on the urinary PAH markers, urinary cotinine was used. Although urinary trans, anti -PheT and 1-OHP concentrations were correlated (Spearman r = 0.63; P < 0.001) for all subjects, the regression coefficient between log-transformed trans, anti -PheT and log 1-OHP was statistically significant only for subjects with low levels of urinary cotinine or for nonsmokers. Each 1-unit increase in log 1-OHP was associated with a 0.77-unit increase (95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.09) in log trans, anti -PheT in subjects with low levels of urinary cotinine ( P < 0.001). In these subjects, dichotomized occupational exposure status was a significant predictor of log trans, anti -PheT ( P = 0.02) but not of log 1-OHP ( P = 0.2). In conclusion, we found that urinary trans, anti -PheT was detected in levels comparable with 1-OHP in occupationally exposed workers, particularly nonsmokers. This study shows that urinary trans, anti -PheT may be an effective biomarker of uptake and metabolic activation of PAHs.
Altering airway surface liquid volume: inhalation therapy with amiloride and hyperosmotic agents.

The thin layer of liquid lining the entire respiratory tract is the first line of defense against the continuous insult of inhaled bacteria and noxious chemicals. Many chronic obstructive diseases of the airway may reflect decreased airway surface liquid, which results from imbalances in ion transport and mucus production. Reduction in the thickness of airway surface liquid leads to reduced mucociliary clearance rates, causing mucus accumulation and infection in the airway. In this chapter, two inhalation therapies to replenish airway surface liquid and enhance mucociliary clearance are discussed: (1) aerosolized hyperosmotic agents; and (2) aerosolized sodium channel blockers. The advantages and disadvantages of each therapy are discussed, as well as future directions for improving airway surface liquid volume by inhalation pharmacotherapy.
Melting of two-dimensional tunable-diameter colloidal crystals

Melting of two-dimensional colloidal crystals is studied by video microscopy. The samples were composed of microgel spheres whose diameters could be temperature tuned, and whose pair potentials were measured to be short ranged and repulsive. We observed two-step melting from the crystal to a hexatic phase and from the hexatic to the liquid phase as a function of the temperature-tunable volume fraction. The translational and orientational susceptibilities enabled us to definitively determine the phase transition points, avoiding ambiguities inherent in other analyses and resolving a "dislocation precursor stage" in the solid phase that some of the traditional analyses may incorrectly associate with the hexatic phase. A prefreezing stage of the liquid with ordered patches was also found.
Cerebellar syndromes in occult neuroblastomas.

The presenting symptoms of neuroblastoma in children are variable. Cerebellar ataxia, opsoclonus and myoclonus can be the only signs of an occult neuroblastoma. Extirpation of the primary lesion should prevent further complications, but may not necessarily reverse the cerebellar symptomatology.
A high temperature ion source for isotope separators

Abstract The paper describes a surface ionization ion source which operates by heating a capped tungsten crucible to 2800–3300°C by electron bombardment. A steep temperature gradient along the length of the cylindrical crucible allows it to be used both as a furnace for evaporation and as a hot surface for dissociation and ionization of the sample. Yields of up to 73% are claimed for milligram quantities of lanthanides and actinides.
Type VII collagen is required for ras-driven human epidermal tumorigenesis

Type VII collagen defects cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering skin disorder often accompanied by epidermal cancers. To study the role of collagen VII in these cancers, we examined Ras-driven tumorigenesis in RDEB keratinocytes. Cells devoid of collagen VII did not form tumors in mice, whereas those retaining a specific collagen VII fragment (the amino-terminal noncollagenous domain NC1) were tumorigenic. Forced NC1 expression restored tumorigenicity to collagen VII-null epidermis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Fibronectin-like sequences within NC1 (FNC1) promoted tumor cell invasion in a laminin 5-dependent manner and were required for tumorigenesis. Tumor-stroma interactions mediated by collagen VII thus promote neoplasia, and retention of NC1 sequences in a subset of RDEB patients may contribute to their increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma.
Mechanical Design/Analysis Integration on Apollo Workstations

Honeywell has selected and integrated hardware and software tools in order to produce a state-of-the-art mechanical engineering workstation. The results of the selection process has led to the recommendations of Apollo computers for the hardware host, GEOMOD for 3D solid modeling, PATRAN for finite element modeling and either ANSYS or NASTRAN for finite element analysis. In order to use the workstation to its fullest, these programs must be integrated so that data generated from one can be passed into another to avoid redundant manual input. In addition, it is desirable for Honeywell to establish a link from the workstation to Computervision for drafting purposes. This would completely automate the entire design/analysis/drafting procedure. The results of Honeywell's initial experience in this area are the subject of this paper.
Observations on Gas-Bubble Disease of Fish

(1953). Observations on Gas-Bubble Disease of Fish. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 24-26.
New Technique For Blind Deconvolution

Frequently an image may be blurred by a point spread function whose details are not known exactly. In such a case, it is necessary to estimate the point spread function before deconvolving the blurred image. This paper presents a new technique for estimating a zero phase blurring function when its optical transfer function is smooth. The estimate is obtained by smoothing the spectral magnitude of the image and comparing it to an average magnitude that is also smoothed. The average magnitude is obtained by averaging over an ensemble of similar images. The estimate can be extended to degradations such as a defocused lens by thresholding the estimation magnitude to obtain zero crossings and adjusting the phase accordingly. In particular, this technique can be applied to a circularly symmetric Gaussian blur or a defocused lens with a circular aperture.
Continuous-energy multidimensional SN transport for problem-dependent resonance self-shielding calculations

A method is presented to obtain a continuous-energy representation of the neutron spectrum using two-dimensional discrete ordinates calculations with a combination of multigroup (MG) and point-wise (PW) nuclear data. This provides the capability of determining the fine-structure energy distribution of the angular flux and flux moments within the resonance range as well as the smoother spectrum in the high- and thermal-energy ranges. The continuous-energy flux spectra can be utilized as problem-dependent weighting functions within the whole two-dimensional domain to process self-shielded MG cross sections for reactor physics and/or criticality safety analysis so that the two-dimensional heterogeneous effect in the resonance calculation can be fully considered. This calculational method has been implemented in a new PW transport code called GEMINEWTRN that may be executed as a module in the SCALE computer code system. Example applications using ENDF/B cross-section data are presented to study the two-dimensional heterogeneous effect in the resonance calculations.
Immunotherapy of postoperative metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma: comparative effectiveness of BCG substrains and methods of preparation.

Six Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) substrains (Phipps, Pasteur, Connaught, Glaxo, RIV, and Tice) and two methods of preparation and storage (pellicle-lyophilized, dispersed-frozen and dispersed lyophilized) were directly compared in a standard immunotherapy protocol. Complete Freund's adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis vaccine were also studied. All experiments included direct comparisons with Corynebacterium parvum. The immunotherapy assay system was the 13762A rat mammary carcinoma in which immunity stimulant were given intratumorally on day 7, followed by excision of primary tumors on day 20. In this protocol, C parvum produced strong inhibition of established metastases and some cures. All of the BCG strains except Glaxo were effective in at least one experiment but none was as strong or as consistent in its effects as C parvum. No strain of BCG or method of preparation was clearly superior to the others. The B pertussis vaccine and complete Freund's adjuvant were ineffective.
Disaccharide Feedings Enhance Rat Jejunal Macromolecular Absorption

Summary periods of feeding at lower disaccharide concentrations, which do not induce symp~oms of intolerance. After the high lactose conDisaccharide feedings to post-weaning rats alters their jejunal centration feedings, there was evidence of morphologic damage to barrier to macromolecular absorption. Penetration of horseradish the epithelium of the jejunal mucosa. ~h~ disaccharide-induced peroxidase (HRP) across the jejunum was enhanced after short- increase in HRp absorption may be mediated by transport from term high concentration gavage (30 g*kg-'*da~-l) Of lactose that endocytotic vesicles across the epithelium (10, 12, 43). produces weight loss, osmotic diarrhea, and jejunal mucosal damage. HRP absorption was also increased by-longer term feedings of lower levels of disaccharide that did not produce body weight MATERIALS AND METHODS alterations, diarrhea, or cell damage. Rats without diarihea and gavaged with 7.5 g-kg-' .day-' of either lactose or maltose showed Animals and diet. Postweaning male rats (~rl: (WI) BR, char1e.s an increase in lumen to blood HRP absorption after 21 days of River Breeding Labs, WilmingtOn* MA) weighing g were feedings. Also, lactose or maltose in the solid food diet at 30 g. used. At this stage of development the rats have low lactase levels kg-'.day.' for 21 days did not lead to diarrhea but produced an (36). rats were fed a powdered Purina Rodent Chow (#5001, increase in jejunal lumen to blood HRP absorption. Rats having Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, MO) and water ad libitum throughno diarrhea and receiving l5 g.kg-~ of lactose or maltose in out the study. The Purina chow diet contained 50% unrefined the drinking water for 21 days, showed an increase in jejunal HRP complex carbohydrate, 23.0% protein. 6.5% fats, and 6.8% minabsorption. When rats were fed either lactose or maltose for 21 erals. The balance corresponded to fiber, vitamins, and moisture. days glucose absorption became dependent upon the sugar In addition to this diet, disaccharides were experimentally adminconcentration in the perfusion medium. The kinetics of this glucose istered the rats. absorption are compatible with a decrease the 66unstirredv layer. Disaccharide administration by gavage with production of diarDisaccharide-induced HRP absorption may be mediated by trans- rhea. In one set of experiments lactose, sucrose or maltose was port from endocytotic vesicles across the jejunal epithelium. administered to the rats by gavage at 30 g. kg-'. day-' for 1 and 7 days. This level of disaccharides was given as a 60% w/v slurry at 5 m1/100 g body weight, carefully resuspended before administraAbbreviations tion. Controls received 0.9% isotonic saline. The lactose-gavaged
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy With Adjunctive Hypnosis for Anxiety Management and Smoking Cessation

The present study examines the therapy of an individual diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, two situation type specific phobias, and nicotine dependence. Treatment consisted of psychodynam...
Two-dimensional localization of electrons at interfaces.

Evidence for electron localization in 2D at metal-dielectric interfaces is reported. A nondispersive peak, derived from the image-potential state and observed in angle-resolved two-photon photoemission, is assigned to localized excess electrons. The image electron on alkane monolayers is a free electron. Bilayers of chain or ring alkanes show both localized and delocalized states; electrons are localized on trilayer n-pentane. Bilayers and trilayers of neopentane show no localization. Our results link the geometry of adlayer molecules with localization of excess electrons at interfaces.
General approximation-solvability of nonlinear equations involving -regular operators

Abstract Here we consider a general approximation-solvability scheme involving -regular operators —a generalization of -proper operators—introduced and studied by Petryshyn [1] and further studied by Milojevic' [2], Petryshyn [3], and others. Among significant applications, -regular version of the Petryshyn theorem is given.
Analysis of intact proteins on a chromatographic time scale by electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract Direct analysis of intact proteins on a chromatographic time scale is demonstrated on a modified linear ion trap mass spectrometer using sequential ion/ion reactions, electron transfer and proton transfer, to dissociate the sample and to convert the resulting peptide fragments to a mixture of singly and doubly charged species. Proteins are converted to gas-phase, multiply charged, positive ions by electrospray ionization and then allowed to react with fluoranthene radical anions. Electron transfer to the multiply charged protein promotes random fragmentation of amide bonds along the protein backbone. Multiply charged fragment ions are then deprotonated in a second ion/ion reaction with even-electron benzoate anions. m / z values for the resulting singly and doubly charged ions are used to read a sequence of 15–40 amino acids at both the N-terminus and the C-terminus of the protein. This information, along with the measured mass of the intact protein, are employed to identify known proteins and to detect the presence of post-translational modifications. In this study, we analyze intact proteins from the Escherchia coli 70S ribosomal protein complex and identify 46 of the 55 known unique components in a single, 90 min, on-line, chromatography experiment. Truncated versions of the above proteins along with several post-translational modifications are also detected.
Schottky diodes on nanowires of copper phthalocyanine

Abstract Vertically aligned nanowire arrays of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) of 30 nm diameter and 500 nm length were fabricated by cathodic electrodeposition of CuPc into anodized alumina (AAO) templates. Schottky diodes were formed between CuPc nanowires and aluminum electrode; ITO served as the ohmic contact. Insertion of a thin layer of PEDOT:PSS between CuPc nanowires and the ITO electrode improved the contact and reduced the series resistance by an order of magnitude. Effective diode ideality factors in the dark and under illumination were 30.5 and 12.3, respectively; corresponding values for the effective reverse saturation currents, J o , were 23 and 13 μA/cm 2 .
Circadian rhythmicity and the initiation of gonadal growth in sparrows

White-crowned and golden-crowned sparrows were held under a variety of light cycles in which a main 8-hour light period was combined with dark periods of varying durations. Gonadal growth was not observed in birds under cycles of 24-(8L∶16D), 48-(8L∶40D) or 72-hours (8L∶64D). Growth was initiated in sparrows under cycles of 36-(8L∶28D) and 60-hours (8L∶52D). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that circadian rhythmicity is involved in photoperiodic time measurement during the initiation of gonadal growth in birds.
Mandibular angle fractures: two-miniplate fixation and complications.

BackgroundNoncompression monocortical miniplate fixation of the mandibular angle is an accepted and reliable method for providing rigid internal fixation. High complication rates have been reported...
Chemical diabetes in children: glucose tolerance tests.

Abstract Nineteen children with impaired glucose tolerance were studied. Ten of these patients fulfilled the Fajans and Conn criteria for chemical diabetes; nine did not. The GTT patterns of the latter group are categorized. There was a high incidence of reactive hypoglycemia in both groups. There was no correlation between insulin level or insulin: glucose ratio abnormalities and the degree or trend of the patient's glucose intolerance.
Weak N * Production and SU (6)

A phenomenological study is made of the weak ${N}^{*}$ production process by displaying the matrix element in terms of eight form factors. Simple functional dependences are adopted for these form factors, and analytical expressions for the cross sections are given in detail. A numerical analysis is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of each form factor. Three models are proposed for this process: One assumes the dominance of a single form factor, another incorporates information obtained from ${N}^{*}$ photoproduction, and the third employs the $\mathrm{SU}(6)$ relations of B\'eg and Pais. All three models are compatible with the present experimental information, but the one derived from the $\mathrm{SU}(6)$ theory is the most encouraging.
A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach.

Problem: Given the lack of a consistent factor structure of safety climate, this study tested the stability of a factor structure of a safety climate scale developed through an extensive literature review using confirmatory factor analytic approach and cross-validation. Methods:A cross-sectional sample of 722 U.S. grain industry workers participated in the questionnaire survey. Results: The safety climate scale developed through the generation of an item pool based on a table of specifications, subsequent scientific item reduction procedures, reviews from experts, and pilot test yielded adequate reliabilities for each dimension. Each item showed proper discriminative power based on both internal and external criteria. Criterion validity was manifested by the significant positive correlation of the scale with five criteria. Evidence of construct validity was provided by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Both calibration and validation samples supported a consistent factor structure. Management commitment and supervisor support were found to influence other dimensions of safety climate. Discussion:This study provides an insight into the primary reason why previous attempts have failed to find a consistent factor structure of safety climate: No specification of the influence of management commitment and supervisor support on other dimensions of safety in their models. Impact on industry: The findings of this study provide a framework upon which accident prevention efforts can be effectively organized and underscore the importance of management commitment and supervisor support as they affect employee safety perceptions.
Symptomatic myocardial bridging of coronary artery

Abstract Two cases of symptomatic myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery requiring surgery for relief are reported. One patient experienced the sudden onset of ventricular fibrillation, had evolving electrocardiographic evidence of an anterior myocardial infarction and subsequently continued to have chest pain. The second patient presented with a long-standing history of repeated episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia accompanied by chest pain. During one such episode he had prolonged chest pain and a syncopal episode, but evidence for myocardial necrosis did not develop. On coronary arteriography the only abnormality noted was severe systolic narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the first patient and similar narrowing of both this artery and a large diagonal vessel in the second. Each patient successfully underwent coronary arterial debridging and, in addition, had a bypass graft to the distal left anterior descending artery. Both patients are In stable condition and show considerable improvement 46 and 9 months, respectively, after operation. Although in most cases of bridging detected on coronary arteriography there is no evidence of ischemic heart disease, the occurrence of symptoms with tachycardia and, in particular, the unusual length of the bridged segments and the severity of systolic narrowing may have played a significant role in the development of disease in these two patients.
The FCFS service discipline: Stable network topologies, bounds on traffic burstiness and delay, and control by regulators

We consider the well-known First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling policy under bursty arrivals. This policy is commonly used in scheduling communication networks and manufacturing systems. Recently it has been shown that the FCFS policy can be unstable for some nonacyclic network topologies. We identify some network topologies under which FCFS is stable for all arrival and service rate vectors within the system's capacity. This is done by determining a sharp bound on the burstiness of traffic exiting from a tandem section of the system, in terms of the burstiness of the incoming traffic. This burstiness bound further allows us to provide a bound on the maximum number of parts in the system, and the maximum delay. It also enables us to analyze the performance of some systems controlled by the use of traffic smoothing regulators. The maximum delay can remain bounded even in the heavy traffic limit, when all stations are 100% utilized.
Women with antisocial behaviour: Long-term health disability and help-seeking for emotional problems.

Background Previous studies have reported that women who display antisocial behaviour (ASB) as adults or adolescents are at increased risk of poor mental and physical health, but have not tested effects of sociodemographics, or used only incarcerated samples. Aims The authors sought first to test associations between ASB and emotional or physical health problems in non-incarcerated women, and second whether any such association could be explained by sociodemographic factors. Method The sample was 1218 mothers, aged 22–59, of boys randomly selected from grades 1, 4 and 7 (aged about 7, 10 and 13 respectively) in US urban public schools in 1987 and 1988. The 30% of boys designated most antisocial on initial examin-ation and a 30% random sample of the remainder entered the longitudinal study. Demographics for the mothers, data on their lifetime ASB, help-seeking for emotional and/or physical health problems were collected at interview with them. A history of adolescent conduct problems and/or lifetime police contacts led to classification as antisocial for this study. Results A total of 214 (17.6 %) of the mothers met our criteria for ASB. Compared with the women without such history, the women with ASB were younger, less well educated, of lower socioeconomic status, had a higher rate of unemployment and more of them were single mothers. They more often sought help for emotional problems and reported higher rates of long-term physical health problems, even when the effects of sociodemographic factors were taken into account. Conclusions Although the findings rule out many sociodemographic factors as simple explanations for the association between ASB and poor emotional and physical health, more work is needed on the nature and extent of such disorder, and of temporal relationships between the key events: poor health and ASB. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipin-1 Phosphatidic Phosphatase Activity Modulates Phosphatidate Levels to Promote Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Gene Expression during Adipogenesis

Adipose tissue plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of the Lpin1 gene encoding lipin-1 causes impaired adipose tissue development and function in rodents. Lipin-1 functions as a phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzyme in the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway for triglyceride storage and as a transcriptional coactivator/corepressor for metabolic nuclear receptors. Previous studies established that lipin-1 is required at an early step in adipocyte differentiation for induction of the adipogenic gene transcription program, including the key regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Here, we investigate the requirement of lipin-1 PAP versus coactivator function in the establishment of Pparg expression during adipocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that PAP activity supplied by lipin-1, lipin-2, or lipin-3, but not lipin-1 coactivator activity, can rescue Pparg gene expression and lipogenesis during adipogenesis in lipin-1-deficient preadipocytes. In adipose tissue from lipin-1-deficient mice, there is an accumulation of phosphatidate species containing a range of medium chain fatty acids and an activation of the MAPK/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Phosphatidate inhibits differentiation of cultured adipocytes, and this can be rescued by the expression of lipin-1 PAP activity or by inhibition of ERK signaling. These results emphasize the importance of lipid intermediates as choreographers of gene regulation during adipogenesis, and the results highlight a specific role for lipins as determinants of levels of a phosphatidic acid pool that influences Pparg expression.
Wave Propagation and Uniqueness in Prestressed Elastic Solids

A homogeneous isotropic perfectly elastic body is subjected to a large static pure homogeneous deformation with two of the principal extension ratios equal. An infinitesimal deformation is superimposed on the large deformation. The conditions for strong ellipticity of the system of equilibrium equations for the infinitesimal deformation are obtained. These conditions are examined within the context of uniqueness or non-uniqueness of the displacement boundary-value problem for the infinitesimal deformation. It is found that the conditions of strong ellipticity are sufficient but not necessary for uniqueness.
Correlation for prediction of vapor pressures of pure fluids incorporating renormalization group formulations with corresponding-states principle

Abstract A simple correlation for predicting the vapor pressures of coal liquids between the freezing and critical points, and extending to normal fluids, has been developed on the basis of renormalization group theory and phenomenological scaling theory. The Clapeyron equation has been reduced to the integral form to represent vapor pressure using a generalized correlation developed by Sivaraman et al. (1983) for the prediction of latent heats of vaporization of normal fluids and coal-liquid model compounds. L*, the dimensionless latent heat of vaporization, andΔz, the difference between the compressibility factors of the saturated vapor and liquid, are given by the corresponding-states correlations and based on the formulations of Pitzer et al. (1955). A simple expression for the latent heat of vaporization developed by Torquato and Stell (1982) is incorporated into this correlation. The vapor-pressure correlation has been tested successfully for 23 pure-component systems including aromatic and heterocyclic compounds often found in coal liquids and shale oil in the region 0 〈 e = (Tc-T)/Tc 〈 0.69. The deviations in the predicted vapor pressures are in the range 0.11–5.45%.
Dynamic modeling of piezoelectric laminated plates using finite element method

Active control systems that rely on piezoelectric materials are effective in controlling vibrations of structural components. In the present work, a finite element model is developed to study the dynamic behavior of laminated composite plates with integrated sensors and actuators. The model is valid for both continuous and segmented piezoelectric elements that can be either surface banded or embedded in the laminated plate. The formulation is based on the shear deformation plate theory and is applicable for both thin and moderately thick plates. The charge generated by the sensor and the response of the plate to an actuator voltage can be computed independently. These features are then coupled with a constant-gain control algorithm to actively control the transient response of the plate in a closed loop. Finite element solutions are presented to demonstrate the influence of sensor location, actuator location, stacking sequence and boundary conditions on the dynamic behavior of laminated plates.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Do Specialists Order Too Many Tests? The Case of Allergists and Pediatric Asthma

Background Is the practice style of specialists overly reliant on diagnostic tests? Health maintenance organization managers and other clinicians have been critical of the high cost practice styles of specialists, but if the specialists' practice style ultimately results in similar or lower total costs because of better outcomes in the treatment of exceptional cases, then such practice styles are cost-effective and should be encouraged. Indeed, if this is the case, not employing a test-intensive practice style could be considered negligent under a legal criterion. Objective We attempted to determine whether the care of pediatric asthmatic patients by allergists is characterized by more testing, but by better, less costly outcomes than care by non-allergists. Methods We used administrative data on pediatric asthmatic cases from a large health care plan from 1992 to determine whether patients treated by allergists received more tests, cost more, and has fewer asthmatic management breakdowns than patients treated by non-allergists. We used regression analysis to hold constant aspects of the patient's case mix. Results Although allergists ordered significantly more tests than non-allergists, their overall treatment costs were similar. Patients treated by allergists had fewer management breakdowns. Conclusions These results suggest that the allergists' test-intensive practice style is cost-effective.
In Vivo Measurement of Dimensions of Veins with Implications Regarding Control of Venous Return

Control of the capacity of the venous system has been postulated as necessary to provide increased venous return to initiate an increase in cardiac output. In chronic animal experiments, we have studied the dimensions of the liver, spleen, and the superior vena cava as venous reservoirs in relation to fright, exercise, and shock. Two methods used were miniature mutual inductance coils and ultrasonic transit time technique; the former is a relatively simple and reliable, but nonquantifiable method. The sonar method is quantifiable, but to date has been unsatisfactory for narrow ranges. The spleen in the dog is a superb volume reservoir, but the liver is not. The superior vena cava, in at least some circumstances, demonstrates active constriction. With the onset of exercise, flow increased in the cava before either an increase in heart rate or an increase in stroke volume. With hemorrhagic shock, pooling of blood in the mesenteric veins was sometimes found, but there was no evidence of failure of the neural mechanisms of venoconstriction, evidenced by a marked, agonal contraction. With endotoxin shock, no portal pooling was observed; earlier reports of pooling based on weight changes were probably due to extravasated plasma secondary to endothelial damage and marked portal venoconstriction. Venous pooling in the legs in man in shock can be prevented by elevation of the legs without the disadvantages of the head-down (Trendelenburg) position.
Counterexamples to Q-matrix conjectures

Abstract A matrix M ∈ R n×n is in the class Q if for all q ∈ R n there exist w, z ∈ R n + such that w − Mz = q, wTz = 0. It has been conjectured that it is possible to tell if a matrix M is in Q solely by considering the signs of subdeterminants of M. We present two matrices that have the same signs of corresponding subdeterminants, but are such that one is in Q and the other is not. The second of these two matrices has the property that every column of the matrix [I, − M] is in the interior of the union of the complementary cones associated with [I, − M].