cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between task choice and resistance to change: A dissonance analysis

Abstract High and low dissonance conditions were established by having subjects perceive greater or lesser choice associated with their performance on a boring, useless task. Enhanced assessments of that task, as resolutions of dissonance were predicted and observed more extensively in high than in low dissonance conditions. In order to examine “resistance to change” via dissonance conceptions, subjects were subsequently offered two otherwise equally attractive incentives. As predicted dissonance level produced variations in response to incentives. Low dissonance subjects (low prior task enhancement) showed no resistance to change, accepting both incentives. High dissonance subjects, however (high prior task enhancement), showed resistance to one incentive because its acceptance implied devaluating assessments of the task adopted in previous dissonance resolution.
Radical prostatectomy for pathologic stage C prostate cancer: Influence of pathologic variables and adjuvant treatment on disease outcome

A retrospective analysis was performed on 1,035 patients with pathologic Stage C prostate cancer treated with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy. Of these patients, 661 received no immediate adjuvant treatment, 131 adjuvant radiotherapy only, and 103 postoperative adjuvant orchiectomy only. Overall crude survival at five, ten, and fifteen years was 91 percent, 68 percent, and 46 46 percent, respectively. Cause-specific survival was 96 percent, 81 percent, and 66 percent and overall nonprogression survival was 78 percent, 56 percent, and 48 percent at five, ten, and fifteen years, respectively. Patients with margin-positive and residual disease, high-grade tumors, large tumor bulk, and seminal vesicle involvement were more likely to receive adjuvant treatment. However, both univariately and multivariately, only tumor grade and increasing tumor volume correlated significantly with cause-specific survival and local and systemic progression. Adjuvant treatment significantly decreased local, systemic, and overall progression but did not improve cause-specific or crude survival. Orchiectomy and radiation appeared to demonstrate similar efficacy in controlling local recurrences: five-year local recurrence-free survival in this retrospective analysis was > 95 percent for both treatments compared with 84 percent for those without adjuvant treatment.
Some Political Economy Aspects of EMU

European Monetary Union (EMU) is here at last, but according to economists’ traditional perspective on economic policy making, it should not be. Given the nontrivial nature of this occurrence, it offers an important warning signal that policy economists need to reexamine our assumptions about the forces generating economic policy decisions. Economists, of course, have strong preferences for analysis based on assumptions of rationality and efficiency, and with good reason. When we turn from the analysis of market behavior to that of policy making, however, the simple application of these assumptions does not stand up as well. The economists’ traditional approach in this area has been to attempt to figure out what policy will maximize aggregate economic efficiency, and then assume that this is what the government will adopt. This benign dictator or optimal social planner approach is not totally devoid of predictive power. Similar predictions can be derived from idealized models of democratic processes, and are roughly approximated by the fully informed median voter model of public choice analysis. Most economic policy choices cannot be explained in this manner, however, and the creation of EMU is no exception. The choice of international currency policy has been a major area of monetary research. The theory of optimum currency area (OCA), pioneered by Robert Mundell, focuses precisely on the factors that influence the economic costs and benefits of adopting fixed versus flexible exchange rates. Over time, the number of criteria found to be relevant for this cost–benefit analysis has
Investigation of the human Rh blood group system in nonhuman primates and other species with serologic and Southern blot analysis.

To investigate the evolution of the Rh blood-group system in anthropoid apes, New and Old World monkeys, and nonprimate animals, serologic typing of erythrocytes from these species with antibodies specific for the human Rh blood-group antigens was performed. In addition, genomic DNA from these animals was analyzed on Southern blots with a human Rh-specific cDNA.
On the finite element modeling of dislocation dynamics during semiconductor crystal growth

Abstract The thermal stresses induced by temperature variations during steady-state growth of semiconductor crystals cause plastic deformations within the crystal by dislocation motion and generation. A finite element formulation is first developed to calculate the temperature variation within the crystal. Next, a viscoplastic response function for semiconductor materials (which relate the dislocation density to the plastic deformation) is developed from the Haasen-Sumino material model of silicon. The dislocation density is expressed as an internal state variable in the viscoplastic constitutive model. Finally, a nonlinear finite element formulation for simulating the dislocation dynamics during crystal growth is developed based on the theory of viscoplasticity. Comparisons with several existing solutions for silicon crystals demonstrate the validity of the present development.
The representation of items in serial position

Four experiments with rats tested their ability to anticipate serial patterns made from elements of reward magnitudes (14, 7, 3, 1, or 0 food pellets). Anticipation was measured by the running time in a straight alley. Elements arranged in a monotonically descending pattern were more easily anticipated than were the same elements arranged in a nonmonotonic pattern. Better anticipation was also observed when training utilized four trials per day with short interrun intervals (10–15 sec), spent in the startbox of the runway, than when training utilized one trial per day with long interrun intervals (4–5 min), spent in the rat’s home cage. Anticipation of the monotonie sequence was also superior when training consisted of one trial per day with a short interrun interval relative to that observed with four trials per day and a long interrun interval. Following acquisition of anticipation of the monotonie sequence with a short interrun interval, transfer to the same sequence with a long interrun interval resulted in disruption of anticipation. Finally, anticipation of a well-learned monotonie sequence was not disrupted by replacement of individual rewarded elements in the sequence with a 0-pellet element. These experiments indicate that the duration between runs of a trial, but not that between trials or the number of trials per day, is important in the formation of serial expectancies. They also suggest that the rats come to represent the sequence as items in serial position.
Beyond the “limits” of Mundane Reason

We appreciate the irony: the inhabitants of the castle cannot see, and therefore cannot known, that (should the laws of the physical universe suddenly come into force) they stand to have their perceptual and epistemic limitations pointed out to them in grave detail. The irony resides in the juxtaposition of the "view from the castle," which is secure but false, with a "view from afar" which reveals the pretentiousness of the castle-dwellers' lifeworld, and the gravity of its illusions. By treating the "view from afar" seriously, the description encloses the ironic potential of Le Ch?teau des Pyr?n?es within the field of the castle natives' collective myopia, enlisting the painting in the revelation that the world is radically other than native experience would have it. What is remarkable about the passage is that it asks us to forget what is at once most immediate and striking about Le Ch?teau des Pyr?n?es, namely that here is a castle on a huge rock hovering over the sea. What sort of strange view is this? The painting mimics the mechanical realism of photography. It depicts itself as an unmediated, detailed reproduction of just what was there to be seen, just then. It does not represent reality, it captures it. By masking its * A discussion of Melvin Pollner, Mundane reason: Reality in everyday and sociology discourse. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pp. xviii+179 pages. $29.95.
ANGULAR MOMENTUM TRANSFER IN THE THEORY OF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS.

The angular distribution of collision products is expressed as a sum of incoherent contributions corresponding to different magnitudes of the angular momentum ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{j}}}_{t}$ transferred to an unpolarized target. For targets with a characteristic internal reference frame (e.g., molecules) the coefficients of this sum are interpreted as generalized ${2}^{j}t$-pole polarizabilities of the target in its internal reference frame, analogous to the scalar and quadrupole polarizabilities that determine the Raman effect. The theory is developed in the context of photoionization, but is applicable to more general collision processes as well. It is illustrated by use and extension of diagrammatic techniques.
An Explicit Solution of a Special Class of Linear Programming Problems

The linear programs considered here are of the form: \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$\mbox{maximize}\ c, x\quad \mbox{subject to }a\leq Ax \leq b,$$ \end{document} where A is of full row rank, and LP is feasible with bounded optimal solutions. The main result is an explicit representation of the general optimal solution of LP in terms of a generalized inverse of A. This explicit solution of LP-explicit in the sense that A-1b is an explicit solution of Ax = b-has obvious theoretical and possibly computational advantages over the well-known iterative methods of linear programming. The results are illustrated by a simple example, and extensions to general linear programs are discussed.
Examination of the distribution of the tensile deformation systems in tension and tension-creep of Ti-6Al-4V (wt.%) at 296 K and 728 K

The deformation behaviour of an α + β Ti–6Al–4V (wt.%) alloy was investigated during in situ deformation inside a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile experiments were performed at 296 and 728 K (~0.4Tm), while a tensile-creep experiment was performed at 728 K and 310 MPa (σ/σys = 0.74). The active deformation systems were identified using electron backscattered diffraction-based slip-trace analysis and SEM images of the specimen surface. The distribution of the active deformation systems varied as a function of temperature. Basal slip deformation played a major role in the tensile deformation behaviour, and the relative activity of basal slip increased with increasing temperature. For the 296 K tension deformation, basal slip was less active than prismatic slip, whereas this was reversed at 728 K. Twinning was observed in both the 296 and 728 K tension experiments; however, no more than 4% of the total deformation systems observed was twins. The tension-creep experiment revealed no slip traces, ho...
T-wave amplitude changes.

Scenario: This electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm strip was obtained from a 74-year-old man who arrived at the emergency department (ED) with expressive aphasia and right-sided weakness. Consistent with a transient ischemic attack (TIA), his symptoms lasted 30 minutes and had resolved just prior to hospital arrival. He had experienced similar episodes in the past month. A recent ultrasound estimated a 70% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (LICA). A computed tomography angiogram upon ED arrival confirmed a 90% stenosis in the LICA and severe stenosis bilaterally in his vertebral arteries. He has a history of hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes, and coronary artery bypass surgery 3 years ago. During the recording of this cardiac rhythm, he was alert, oriented and vital signs remained within normal limits. A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, the ECG Puzzler addresses electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation for clinical practice. To send an eLetter or to contribute to an online discussion about this article, visit www.ajcconline.org and click “Respond to This Article” on either the full-text or PDF view of the article. We welcome letters regarding this feature.
Business perceptions of regulative institutions in Central and Eastern Europe

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate, theoretically and empirically, how entrepreneurial firms' perceptions of formal institutions differ across Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses data from the World Bank Group's World Business Environment Survey (WBES) compare entrepreneurial firms' perceptions of changes in different components of regulative institutions in Latin and orthodox CEE economies. The data used in this paper capture a decade's progress in the development of regulative institutions in these economies. Findings – It was found that the state's regulatory, participatory, and supportive roles are more favorable to businesses in the Latin countries than in the orthodox countries. The findings provide support for the notion that informal institutions influence the degree of generalizeability and replicability of Western political and economic institutions' success in driving firms' entrepreneurial behavior in emerging economies. Research limitations/implications – The first limitation is that the data used were collected about a decade ago. Another limitation relates to a lack of coverage of many former Soviet republics and some other CEE countries in the WBES. Practical implications – The findings point to the need of strategic planning and various degrees of adaptation of business strategies across the CEE economies. Second, businesses may differ in terms of the relative importance of regulatory, participatory, and supportive roles of the government in their operations. Finally, some CEE economies can be influenced more than others by international pressures. Originality/value – This paper's greatest value stems from the fact that it uses internationally comparable firm-level data to empirically examine entrepreneurial firms' perceptions of regulative institutions in CEE economies.
Telomeres and Tetrahymena: an interview with Elizabeth Blackburn.

Elizabeth Blackburn knows that loose ends contribute to aging and many of its associated diseases. She, together with Carol Greider and Jack Szostak, received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the synthesis and function of telomeres, the unusual DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes. Telomere changes are now recognized in human diseases ranging from cancer and cardiovascular disease to depression. Here, she discusses her approach to mentorship, how scientists might inform public policy, and new directions in telomere research.
Needing Treatment, Wanting Nothing: Ethical Dilemmas in the Treatment of the Homeless Mentally III

One of the most uncomfortable dilemmas faced by contemporary clinicians is that of balancing a sense of responsibility for a patient with a desire to respect the patient's autonomy. A patient may “need” treatment but, unless incompetent or dangerous, freely decline it. The clinician may thus feel forced to sit by and watch the patient make seemingly ill-advised choices.
HLA-DR Gene Expression in a Proliferating Human Thyroid Cell Clone (12S)*

We have used a retroviral vector carrying the adenovirus E1A oncogene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene to establish a human thyroid-derived cell line that exhibits TSH-mediated cAMP generation as well as the differential expression of HLA class II antigens in response to recombinant gamma-interferon. Twenty-two-week gestation, histologically confirmed, human fetal thyroid was collagenase digested, cultured as a monolayer, and infected directly with 12S or 13S E1A-containing retrovirus constructs. Infected clones (n = 30) were selected in a hormone-supplemented medium containing bovine TSH (bTSH; 1 mU/ml), 10% fetal bovine serum, and 0.5 mg/ml G418 antibiotic. A rapidly growing clone (designated 12S) was chosen for detailed analysis over 18 months of continuous culture. The 12S clone was sensitive to less than 10 microU/ml bTSH when assessed by extracellular accumulation of cAMP, but TSH had no influence on 72-h incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Clone 12S responded to recombinant human gamma-interferon (1-10(4) U/ml) by induction of HLA DR alpha-chain-specific mRNA and the surface expression of HLA-DR antigen detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibody to nonpolymorphic HLA-DR regions using flow cytometry. These studies indicate the potential for immortalizing human thyroid cells for use as targets of anti-TSH receptor immune responses and for long term studies of human throcyte HLA gene regulation.
How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves

A 4-week experimental study (N = 67) examined the motivational predictors and positive emotion outcomes of regularly practicing two mental exercises: counting one's blessings (“gratitude”) and visualizing best possible selves (“BPS”). In a control exercise, participants attended to the details of their day. Undergraduates performed one of the three exercises during Session I and were asked to continue performing it at home until Session II (in 2 weeks) and again until Session III (in a further 2 weeks). Following previous theory and research, the practices of gratitude and BPS were expected to boost immediate positive affect, relative to the control condition. In addition, we hypothesized that continuing effortful performance of these exercises would be necessary to maintain the boosts (Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005a). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131). Finally, initial self-concordant motivation to perform the exer...
Biochemical and Genetic Data Suggest that InhA Is Not the Primary Target for Activated Isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

An examination of the pattern of lipid biosynthetic responses to isoniazid (INH) treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis suggests that the mode of action of activated INH differs between these 2 organisms. Transformation of M. smegmatis with inhA on a plasmid construct conferred high-level resistance to INH, while the same construct failed to confer resistance upon M. tuberculosis. The inhA region from 2 clinical isolates whose resistance has been attributed to changes in the upstream promoter region has been cloned and was not sufficient to impart INH resistance to the level of the parent strain on sensitive M. tuberculosis. These putative mutant promoter elements appear to elevate expression levels of gene fusion reporter constructs, suggesting some noncausal connection between the observed mutations and the lipid metabolism of drug-resistant organisms. These results suggest that InhA is not the major target for activated INH in M. tuberculosis.
Genetic underpinnings of LDL size and density: a role for hepatic lipase?

Plasma lipoprotein abnormalities underlie and may even be essential for the common occurrence of atherosclerotic vascular diseases in Western societies. The abnormalities include elevated concentrations of LDLs and VLDLs and reduced concentrations of HDLs, as generally estimated from measurements of plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and HDL cholesterol. Drug therapies, particularly with compounds of the statin class, have revolutionized the treatment of these diseases and have prevented or postponed them in high-risk individuals. These interventions favorably affect all the major lipoprotein classes, but their effects have been attributed mainly to reduced concentrations of LDL cholesterol. This interpretation is consistent with the reduced incidence of arteriosclerotic manifestations produced by lipidlowering therapies in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, whose predominant lipoprotein abnormality is an elevated concentration of LDL (1). Other studies, however, indicate that the most pronounced lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with early-onset coronary heart disease are high plasma triacylglycerol and low HDL cholesterol, with lesser elevations of LDL cholesterol. But the LDL particles in these individuals are somewhat smaller and more dense than in those with a more favorable lipoprotein profile. As shown by Austin et al (2) at the Donner Laboratory, the occurrence of small, dense LDL particles has some genetic influence, but is more common in men than in premenopausal women and is strongly affected by plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. Persons with plasma triacylglycerol concentrations > 1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL) usually have small, dense LDL particles together with low concentrations of HDL cholesterol, whereas persons with triacylglycerol concentrations < 1.24 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) seldom have a predominance of small, dense LDL particles and usually have higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol as well. The constellation of small, dense LDL particles; high plasma triacylglycerol; and low HDL cholesterol has been termed the “atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype” (ALP). The relative contribution of the individual lipoprotein abnormalities that constitute the ALP to the increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease is unclear; however, plausible arguments for the atherogenicity of small, dense LDL particles, particularly an increased susceptibility to oxidative modification as compared with larger, more buoyant LDL particles, have heightened interest in this component of the ALP. Predominance of small, dense LDL particles, which is commonly determined by gradient gel electrophoresis of apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins, is called LDL-subclass pattern B, whereas predominance of larger LDL particles is called pattern A. Small, dense LDL particles can be produced by the action of
Using Time Series Segmentation for Deriving Vegetation Phenology Indices from MODIS NDVI Data

Characterizing vegetation phenology is a highly significant problem, due to its importance in regulating ecosystem carbon cycling, interacting with climate changes, and decision-making of croplands managements. While ground based sensors, such as the AmeriFlux sensors, can provide measurements at high temporal resolution (every hour) and can be used to accurately calculate vegetation phenology indices, they are limited to only a few sites. Remote sensing data, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), collected using the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), can provide global coverage, though at a much coarser temporal resolution (16 days). In this study we use data mining based time series segmentation methods to derive phenology indices from NDVI data, and compare it with the phenology indices derived from the AmeriFlux data using a widely used model fitting approach. Results show a significant correlation (as high as 0.60) between the indices derived from these two different data sources. This study demonstrates that data driven methods can be effectively employed to provide realistic estimates of vegetation phenology indices using periodic time series data and has the potential to be used at large spatial scales and for long-term remote sensing data.
Finite element procedures for time-dependent convection-diffusion-reaction systems

SUMMARY New finite element procedures based on the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin formulations are developed for time-dependent convection-diffusion-reaction equations. These procedures minimize spurious oscillations for convection-dominated and reaction-dominated problems. The results obtained for representative numerical examples are accurate with minimal oscillations. As a special application problem, the single-well chemical tracer test (a procedure for measuring oil remaining in a depleted field) is simulated numerically. The results show the importance of temperature effects on the interpreted value of residual oil saturation from such tests.
Identity Verification Via the 3Bid Face Alignment System

The 3DID system has been developed to verify the identity of a person by matching a sensed 3D surface of the face to a face model stored during an enrollment process. Anchor point detection is performed based on shape index; then, a rigid alignment is determined between the observed and model face anchor points. The alignment is refined using a modified ICP algorithm allowing for trimming of 10% noise. Trimmed RMS error for the same person is almost always smaller than 1.3mm; whereas for different persons, it is almost always larger. Performance analysis shows that the 3DID system is fast enough (< 2 sec on a 3.2 MHz P4), reliable enough (1% EER with 1.5% reject rate), and user friendly enough (handles 30 degrees of yaw and 10 degrees of roll and pitch) to be practical in several applications. The current system provides several displays of value to human agents either in online or delayed analysis mode. An inexpensive scanner is needed for widespread use
Creep of Al Underlayer Determined by Channel Cracking of Topical Si3N4 Film

This paper presents the results of channel cracking experiments performed on a multilayered structure. Room temperature creep behavior of a metallic underlayer was studied by using a newly developed channel cracking method. By the analysis of a channel crack propagating under tensile load in an elastic Si3N4 topical layer, the creep properties of an aluminum underlayer were determined. The experimental results were compared with the results of room temperature creep studies performed on commercial Al and Al–Mg micro-wires. As expected, the viscosity of pure Al underlayer is less than that of these materials. It is about 50% of the viscosity attributable to the primary creep region of commercial Al micro-wires. Compared to the viscosity of a harder alloy, the viscosity of the pure Al underlayer is about 20% of that attributable to the primary creep region of Al–Mg micro-wires. The growing cracks are observed to terminate at surface flaws that relieve their stress fields.
Theoretical evaluation of some related methods for reducing acoustic speckle

The authors present the theory underlying a set of previously reported procedures that reduce speckle degradation in ultrasound B-scans. These methods range from intensity detection of individual phased array elements to the use of simulation of multiple random-phase screens across the transmit and/or receive apertures. An advantage inherent in each is the cancellation of effects due to random-phase distortions that might be created by propagation medium inhomogeneities arising near the apertures. The methods also cancel to various degrees the quadratic phase distortions present outside the transducer local zone, and they yield similar improvements in detectability of large speckle-generating targets, achieving a performance level that lies approximately midway between conventional processing and the theoretical limit imposed by the properties of the imaging system. However, the methods differ in their responses to specular reflectors and single large scatterers. The authors derive and compare analytic expressions for both the speckle signal-to-noise ratio and imaging system impulse response of each method. >
A Hybrid AlGaInAs–Silicon Evanescent Amplifier

We report a hybrid AlGaInAs-silicon evanescent amplifier incorporating a silicon waveguide with a III-V gain medium. The optical mode of the hybrid amplifier is mostly confined to the silicon waveguide and evanescently coupled to the AlGaInAs quantum-well (QW) region where optical gain is provided by electrical current injection. These two different material systems are bonded by low-temperature oxygen plasma assisted wafer bonding at 300 degC. The fabricated device shows 13 dB of maximum chip gain with 11 dBm of output saturation power. Evanescent coupling allows a lower active region confinement factor to provide a higher saturation output power than amplifiers with centered QWs, which is important for applications that require linear amplification
A Sociocognitive Interpretation of Organizational Downsizing

To better understand the phenomenon of organizational downsizing, we compare three theoretical perspectives on downsizing: the economic, the institutional, and the sociocognitive. We use the three perspectives to organize the growing empirical literature on downsizing, and we link streams of empirical work to the theoretical perspective that underlies each. With our sociocognitive model, we argue that downsizing has become institutionalized through the collectivization and reification of a “downsizing is effective” schema. We also discuss implications for future theory and research.
Criminal Justice System Involvement and Continuity of Youth Crime: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Studies of criminal careers reveal several possible factors associated with persistent offending. This analysis examines the part that criminal justice system involvement plays in persistent offending. Seven waves of data collected on 153 boys as part of the Iowa Youth and Families Project were used to test a structural equation model hypothesizing longitudinal relationships among system involvement, deviant peer association, and crime. Results revealed continuity in offending across waves but only partial continuity in deviant peer association. More important, system involvement was positively related to later crime, as well as to later deviant peer association. This finding is consistent with labeling theory and inconsistent with deterrence theory. Furthermore, crime was positively related to later deviant peer association; however, deviant peer association was not related to later crime, and same-time correlation between the two were significantly positive. Results warrant continued exploration into the potential "labeling" aspects of formal sanctioning processes.
A system that integrates agent services with Web services and a distributed event-based system for processing XML information

The work reported here integrates three paradigms for collaboration and dissemination of information: multiagent systems, Web services, and distributed event-based systems (in the form of JMS). The information in the current context is military command and control information represented in XML documents. The integration uses gateways provided as add-ons to the agent framework that was used and has proved to be surprisingly natural and easy to enhance, with the agents dominating the overall control flow.
A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Depressive Symptoms in Concussed and Injured/Nonconcussed National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes

Context: Depression, which affects millions of Americans each year, among them collegiate student-athletes, can be caused by a wide range of circumstances, including sport-related injuries. Objecti...
The Generalized Normal Forms and Method of Resonance Control of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

This paper addresses a new method (named the generalized normal forms (GNF) method) which allows one to find normal forms for the broad class of dynamical systems not considered by earlier techniques. The proposed method is feasible for the dynamical systems with non-smooth and discontinuous non-linearity. The GNF method overcomes the lack of computability of earlier techniques. It is based on a simple iterative procedure which leads to an effective computer algorithm. The GNF method has been implemented in computer software which becomes a convenient tool for both qualitative and numerical analysis. The GNF method is applied to design a resonance stabilization feedback control for a critical nonlinear system. The method of resonance control here developed allows one both to find an efficient stabilization feedback and to estimate the basin of attractor.
Synlophe in Ostertagia cf. kasakhstanica (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae), the minor morphotype of O. bisonis from western North America.

Ostertagia cf. kasakhstanica, the putative minor morphotype of the polymorphic ostertagiine O. bisonis, is reported in Bison bison from South Dakota. Descriptions of the synlophe and details of other diagnostic characters useful in identification and differentiation of this minor morphotype from other ostertagiines in wild and domestic ruminants from western North America are presented. Laterally, the cervical synlophe is consistent with Type Ib pattern among ostertagiines and is within the range of variation previously described for O. bisonis. Among recognized minor morphotypes of ostertagiines in wild and domestic ruminants from North America, O. kasakhstanica is distinct from O. kolchida, O. dikmansi, and O. arctica based on a tapering lateral synlophe. It is further distinguished from O. lyrata by the pattern of the cervical synlophe in the lateral field, structure of the genital cone and spicules, and dimensions of the esophageal valve. Although morphologically similar to T. davtiani/T. trifucata an...
Cell wall-associated kinases and pectin perception

The pectin matrix of the angiosperm cell wall is regulated in both synthesis and modification and greatly influences the direction and extent of cell growth. Pathogens, herbivory and mechanical stresses all influence this pectin matrix and consequently plant form and function. The cell wall-associated kinases (WAKs) bind to pectin and regulate cell expansion or stress responses depending upon the state of the pectin. This review explores the WAKs in the context of cell wall biology and signal transduction pathways.
Triviality of φ 4 4 theory in a finite volume scheme adapted to the broken phase

Abstract We study the standard one-component φ 4 -theory in four dimensions. A renormalized coupling is defined in a finite size renormalization scheme which becomes the standard scheme of the broken phase for large volumes. Numerical simulations are reported using the worm algorithm in the limit of infinite bare coupling. The cutoff dependence of the renormalized coupling closely follows the perturbative Callan Symanzik equation and the triviality scenario is hence further supported.
China’s Growth Mechanism and Some Overlooked Impacts on the Rest of the World

As the economic stagnation of continental Europe was the focus of attention in the 1980s and the booms built on the information/ communication revolution were the focus in the 1990s, so the distinctive advance of the Chinese economy has been at the center of economic discussion in the present decade. In this paper I will sketch a model of China’s growth mechanism, focusing on its technological and trade elements. This mechanism is already having several impacts on the rest of the world.
Measuring Congruence between Property Crime Problems and Response Strategies: Enhancing the Problem-Solving Process:

Property crime in Lowell, Massachusetts is fueled primarily by burglaries, motor vehicle crimes, and larcenies. The Lowell Police Department utilized the Smart Policing Initiative (SPI) to focus pr...
Dangerous Identities: Femininity and Breast Cancer in Latin America

When talking about breast cancer, the media and the layperson seem to make the same mistake: they present the disease as a known enemy. The error is not ill-intentioned, yet that does not make it less problematic. When addressing breast cancer, one must remember that it is not only the biochemical component of the disease that renders it dangerous; cultural and environmental factors should also be considered. Identity is one of these factors. In Latin America, I argue, the idealization of women through "marianismo" puts them at risk, as it inhibits periodical self-examinations. Conceiving of identity as a narratival configuration might open up the possibility for women to examine and reformulate the attitudes and practices that have rendered them prey to this and other ailments. The approaches developed by Iris Marion Young and Hilde Lindemann allow for such a possibility if carefully balanced with Latin American endemic customs.
Stress Concentration Factors Prediction of Orifice Plate Based on Modified BP Neural Network

Based on orthogonal experiment and numerical calculation results of meshless method,in light of deficiency of the normal BP algorithm,a neural network predictive model for the stress concentration factors of orifice plates established on the basis of the improved BP algorithm in combination of momentum factor and(self-adaptive) learning rate.Tested by results which export from computer,this model is proved to be feasible,and offers reference to the stress concentration factor prediction of orifice plate.
Implications on the Proposed Basic Income Reform

This chapter covers the estimated effects of the basic income proposal in Germany. By comparing the observed labor supply of the year 2010 with the estimated labor supply values of each individual after the policy reform, it is possible to identify and quantify the fiscal effects of the reform as well as the impact on income distribution. The implications of the proposed NIT-scheme for Germany are analyzed using a micro-simulation algorithm to mirror the German tax-and-transfer system. The chapter starts by introducing and discussing the GSOEP database that is used for the analysis. As information on income of the currently unemployed is necessary to simulate alternatives, their expected wage rates are estimated using a Heckman sample selection model. The data is then used to estimate multinomial logit regression models for singles and couples. The chapter continues by presenting the second-order effects with respect to labor supply that were triggered by the reform. This also includes a discussion about the feasibility of the approach. Afterwards, the attention shifts to the reform’s impact on social indicators especially on income poverty and income inequality with regard to different types of households. It ends with critical remarks of this procedure as well as of the limits of this study.
Status of rf linac free electron lasers

Free electron lasers have passed through three stages in their development: the initial exploratory phase in which different kinds of free electron laser and their accelerators were built and operated, their technical problems addressed, and a preliminary understanding of the physics issues established. In the second phase, recently completed careful experiments were performed with better characterized machines in which most of the important physics issues governing their performance were examined in detail. In the third phase, just being entered, machines of various sizes are being built, mostly to satisfy the needs of user groups that want to take advantage of the special properties of the light generated by these machines for various military, industrial, medical, or scientific purposes.
Hybrid Er-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) featuring a spectrally flattened gain is considered to be one of the most important key devices for the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. For this purpose, we have developed hybrid EDFs composed of Al doped EDF and P/Al co-doped EDF and examined their characteristics comparing with the conventional EDFs and those with passive gain equalizers. As a result, hybrid EDFs have been shown to exhibit both a flat gain and high pumping efficiency, but their noise characteristics tends to be worse than conventional EDF configurations. Thus a midway isolator should be inserted. As a result of the design optimization, three-section hybrid EDF configuration has been proposed, and three types of EDFAs have been developed employing this configuration for use as in-line amplifiers or preamplifiers. All types exhibit the passband spanning about 15nm.
Introduction: René Girard’s Legacy

This special issue is devoted to the work and legacy of Rene Girard. One of the most prodigious scholars to work on religion and violence, Girard produced scholarship that has stimulated thousands of scholars for over forty years. On November 4, 2015, Rene Girard died at his residence in Stanford, California. He had served as the Andrew B. Hammond Professor of French Language, Literature, and Civilization, from 1985-1994 and had continued as Professor Emeritus of French Language, Literature, and Civilization. While there are scholars who support Girard’s work and see much of his work as a launching point for further work—and carry the reference as “Girardians” – there are notable critics who disagree with Girard, even his most foundational concepts. Regardless of their positions, the advocates and dissenters of Girardian theory evince Rene Girard’s widespread impact. This commemorative issue hosts a compilation of essays by some of the most influential scholars to write on religion and violence. Some authors advance Girard’s work, some authors critique it; collectively, their work pays tribute.
Electroantennogram response of the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes to host-related odors: The discrepancy between relative abundance and level of antennal responses to volatile compound.

Herbivores emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after feeding on plants. Parasitoids exploit these VOCs as odor cues to locate their hosts. In nature, host-related odors are emitted as blends of various compounds occurring in different proportions, and minor blend components can sometimes have profound effects on parasitoid responses. In a previous related study, we identified and quantified VOCs emitted by cotton plant-fed Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, an herbivore host of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In the present study, the olfactory response of female M . croceipes to synthetic versions of 15 previously identified compounds was tested in electroantennogram (EAG) bioassays. Using M. croceipes as a model species, we further asked the question: does the relative abundance of a volatile compound match the level of antennal response in parasitoids? Female M. croceipes showed varying EAG responses to test compounds, indicating different levels of bioactivity in the insect antenna. Eight compounds, including decanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 2-ethylhexanol, tridecane, tetradecane, α-farnesene and bisabolene, elicited EAG responses above or equal to the 50 th percentile rank of all responses. Interestingly, decanal, which represented only 1% of the total amount of odors emitted by cotton-fed hosts, elicited the highest (0.82 mV) EAG response in parasitoids. On the other hand, ( E )-β-caryophyllene, the most abundant (29%) blend component, elicited a relatively low (0.17 mV) EAG response. The results suggest that EAG response to host-related volatiles in parasitoids is probably more influenced by the ecological relevance or functional role of the compound in the blend, rather than its relative abundance.
Parental Discussion about Personal Finances: Does it Make a Difference in the Amount of Debt Incurred?

Higher education costs have increased substantially over the past two decades and, therefore, student loan debt has increased as well. Studies have shown that one earns more money over one’s lifetime if he/she has a four-year college degree. In fact, it is often substantially more depending upon one’s profession. However, for some individuals, the costs of funding higher education may be confusing and often times overwhelming. A study was completed at a university in the pacific northwest (n=778) which asked college students about their financial behaviors, credit card debt, student loan debt, discussions with parents, and in what topics or workshops they would like more information. Based on this data, faculty and graduate students from the school of family and consumer sciences and staff from the student financial aid office are creating workshops and curriculum to assist students in managing their debt and finances.
Determinants of Perceived Learning and Satisfaction in Online Business Courses: An Extension to Evaluate Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Courses

This study examined the determinants of perceived learning and satisfaction in online courses and the moderating effect of course type. For perceived learning outcomes, those students who perceive a higher level of interaction and those students who are satisfied will report higher levels of learning outcomes. There were significant differences though by course type, with perceived learning outcomes being affected significantly more in qualitative consumer behavior courses by instructor factors and student self-motivation. Student learning style affected student satisfaction significantly more for quantitative business courses, while instructor factors and interaction influenced satisfaction significantly more for qualitative marketing courses.
Global Positioning System Data Collection, Processing, and Analysis Conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program

ABSTRACT The U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Science Center collects and processes Global Positioning System (GPS) data throughout the western United States to measure crustal deformation related to earthquakes and tectonic processes as part of a long‐term program of research and monitoring. Here, we outline data collection procedures and present the GPS dataset built through repeated temporary deployments since 1992. This dataset consists of observations at ∼1950 locations. In addition, this article details our data processing and analysis procedures, which consist of the following. We process the raw data collected through temporary deployments, in addition to data from continuously operating western U.S. GPS stations operated by multiple agencies, using the GIPSY software package to obtain position time series. Subsequently, we align the positions to a common reference frame, determine the optimal parameters for a temporally correlated noise model, and apply this noise model when carrying out time‐series analysis to derive deformation measures, including constant interseismic velocities, coseismic offsets, and transient postseismic motion.
Comparison of fractional and integer PID controllers tuned by genetic algorithm

Widely used in industries the traditional PID controller is without doubt the most far-reaching in industries. Although quite established, recent studies have shown a new concept for PID control, called fractional PID. Due to the nature of dynamic systems which mostly are best characterized by models of non-integer order differential equations, fractional PID is characterized by a more realistic reproduction of the nature of the system. In this paper it is presented and evaluated the performance of integer and fractional PIDs controllers tuned by genetic algorithm method applied to a level control plant. The results of simulations and practical tests are presented and through performance indicators integer and fractional PIDs controllers are compared.
Martin Heidegger mengenai Mengada secara Otentik dan Relevansinya bagi Pelayanan Kesehatan

Human existence is perceived by Martin Heidegger as Dasein, that being-in-the-world. The modes of existence of Dasein in the world are Being-with-the-other ( Mitsein ), Being-alongside-things ( Sein-bei ), and Being-one’s-self ( Selbstein ). For Heidegger, the ideal mode of existence of Dasein is Being-one’s-self ( Selbstein ). Only through this mode of being that Dasein forms its distinctiveness from other entities which are just being-within-the-world. As to the convenience of enjoying the objects of the world, idle talk or gossipping can cause Dasein to forget its authentic being. After describing the thoughts of Heidegger on the fall of Dasein into being unauthentic, this paper highlights the ontological awareness of the existence of Dasein towards death as an authentic mode of existence. At the end of this writing, I propose narration as a ‘tool’ to be used by health care providers in assisting the patient to affirm and accept illness experience as their modes of being.