cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective blockade of endothelial NF-κB pathway differentially affects systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction and injury in septic mice†

Endothelium has long been considered both a source and a target of systemic inflammation. However, to what extent endothelial activation contributes to systemic inflammation remains unclear. This study addresses the relative contribution of endothelial activation to systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction and injury (MOD/I) in an E. coli peritonitis model of sepsis. We prevented endothelial activation using transgenic (TG) mice that conditionally overexpress a mutant I-kappaBalpha, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, selectively on endothelium. TG mice and their transgene negative littermates (WT) were injected with saline or E. coli (10(8) CFU per mouse). At 7 h after E. coli infection, markers of systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and MOD/I were assessed. WT-E. coli mice showed significantly increased serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1; tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1; endothelial leakage index in heart, lungs, liver, and kidney; significantly increased serum levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine; and increased mortality. Blockade of NF-kappaB-mediated endothelial activation in TG mice had no effects on serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1 (markers of systemic inflammation), and tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1, but significantly reduced tissue levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (markers of endothelial inflammation and activation) in those four organs. TG-E. coli mice displayed reversed endothelial leakage index; reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine; and improved survival. Our data demonstrate that endothelial NF-kappaB-driven inflammatory response contributes minimally to systemic inflammation, but plays a pivotal role in septic MOD/I, suggesting that endothelium is mainly a target rather than a source of systemic inflammation.
Analytic signals and product theorems for Hilbert transforms

Analytic signals are introduced as certain eigenfunctions of the Hilbert transform operator; that is, z(\cdot) is termed "analytic" if and only if \hat{z}(t) = -jz(t) for all t , where \hat{z}(\cdot) is the Hilbert transform of z(\cdot) . Similarly, "dual-analytic" signals are defined as solutions of the homogeneous equation \hat{u} = ju . Using this characterization of analytic signals (shown to be equivalent to the usual definition due to Ville [1]), simple proofs are obtained for all known product theorems of the form \hat{f}g = f\hat{g} , which are useful in the representation and analysis of modulated waveforms. In addition, parallel theorems for the class of dual-analytic and frequency-translated dual-analytic signals are proven.
Measurement of MOS current mismatch in the weak inversion region

Measures the current matching properties of MOS transistors operated in the weak inversion region. The authors measured a total of about 1400 PMOS and NMOS transistors produced in four different processes and report the results in terms of mismatch dependance on current density, device dimensions, and substrate voltage, without using any specific model for the transistor. >
Comparison of Infection Rates Among Ultrasound-Guided Versus Traditionally Placed Peripheral Intravenous Lines

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare infection rates of peripheral intravenous (IV) lines placed under ultrasound guidance with traditionally placed IV lines. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of emergency department (ED) and hospital records of adult patients who had a peripheral IV line placed in the ED and were admitted to the hospital over a 1-year period. This study took place at a level I academic urban ED with an annual census of 75,000. All admitted patients with a peripheral IV placed under ultrasound guidance in the ED were identified. Control patients had a traditional landmark approach. Emergency department nurses followed standard aseptic precautions when inserting both ultrasound-guided as well as traditionally placed IV lines. Researchers reviewed all parts of the medical record, including ED and inpatient notes. Descriptive statistics and χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used in data evaluation. Results. A total of 402 patients who had peripheral IV lines placed under ultrasound guidance were compared with 402 matched control patients. In the ultrasound-guided IV group, the mean time between insertion to catheter removal was 2.6 days compared with 2.4 days in the traditional group (P = .03). There were 2 documented infections in the ultrasound group and 3 in the traditional group, yielding infection rates of 5.2 per 1000 in the ultrasound-guided IV group and 7.8 per 1000 in the traditional approach group. There was no statistically significant difference between infection rates in the two groups (P = .68). Conclusions. Both traditional and ultrasound-guided approaches had low infection rates, suggesting that there is no increased risk of infection with ultrasound guidance for peripheral IV lines.
Informal Dispute Resolution Based on Adat Law: a Case Study of Land Dispute in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

The issue of law enforcement is central to land property rights. Modes of property rights enforcement can be performed either with or without intervention of the state. This article focuses on the latter mode of enforcement; that is, how people manage to enforce their land rights without the involvement of state institutions and to what extent informal arrangements can offer effective enforcement and secure land property rights. This article also contributes to the debate on how formal and informal institutions can be used to secure property rights and resolve disputes over land ownership. In particular, this paper examines how the people of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara Province, settle land disputes among themselves. Many available studies indicate that the residents of Flores rely heavily on informal land dispute resolution based on adat (customary) law rather than formal or legal rules. Adat provides certain sense of security and has been proven effective in resolving conflicts in a relatively closed and homogeneous community. Moreover, it offers greater accessibility, flexibility and legitimacy that support reconciliation process between the disputing parties.
Finite element modeling of a counter‐rotating, non‐intermeshing twin screw extruder

This paper is concerned with Newtonian flow in a counter-rotating non-intermeshing twin-screw extruder. Both the matched and the mismatched screw flight configurations are considered. A three-dimensional analysis of the pressure flow through the complete extruder cross-section is included. The model predictions agree well with the experimental data. Computed examples are given to illustrate the utility of this work.
Mechanism of Assembly of the Dimanganese-Tyrosyl Radical Cofactor of Class Ib Ribonucleotide Reductase: Enzymatic Generation of Superoxide Is Required for Tyrosine Oxidation via a Mn(III)Mn(IV) Intermediate

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) utilize radical chemistry to reduce nucleotides to deoxynucleotides in all organisms. In the class Ia and Ib RNRs, this reaction requires a stable tyrosyl radical (Y(•)) generated by oxidation of a reduced dinuclear metal cluster. The Fe(III)2-Y(•) cofactor in the NrdB subunit of the class Ia RNRs can be generated by self-assembly from Fe(II)2-NrdB, O2, and a reducing equivalent. By contrast, the structurally homologous class Ib enzymes require a Mn(III)2-Y(•) cofactor in their NrdF subunit. Mn(II)2-NrdF does not react with O2, but it binds the reduced form of a conserved flavodoxin-like protein, NrdIhq, which, in the presence of O2, reacts to form the Mn(III)2-Y(•) cofactor. Here we investigate the mechanism of assembly of the Mn(III)2-Y(•) cofactor in Bacillus subtilis NrdF. Cluster assembly from Mn(II)2-NrdF, NrdI(hq), and O2 has been studied by stopped flow absorption and rapid freeze quench EPR spectroscopies. The results support a mechanism in which NrdI(hq) reduces O2 to O2(•-) (40-48 s(-1), 0.6 mM O2), the O2(•-) channels to and reacts with Mn(II)2-NrdF to form a Mn(III)Mn(IV) intermediate (2.2 ± 0.4 s(-1)), and the Mn(III)Mn(IV) species oxidizes tyrosine to Y(•) (0.08-0.15 s(-1)). Controlled production of O2(•-) by NrdIhq during class Ib RNR cofactor assembly both circumvents the unreactivity of the Mn(II)2 cluster with O2 and satisfies the requirement for an "extra" reducing equivalent in Y(•) generation.
Colorectal Cancer Prognosis Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the genetic, endoscopic, and histologic features of IBD-associated CRC differ from cancers that arise sporadically. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinicopathologic features of IBD-associated CRC and to compare survival rates between patients with IBD-associated CRC and patients with sporadic CRC. Methods: There were 290 patients with IBD-associated CRC (241 with chronic ulcerative colitis [CUC] and 49 with Crohn's disease) and an equal number of age- and sex-matched sporadic CRC patients who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between 1976 and 1996. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for demographic features, endoscopic and histologic characteristics, and vital status at the time of the last follow-up evaluation. The actuarial survival of each group was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The influence of clinical features on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results: The median age at diagnosis of IBD-related CRC was 48 years. Fifty-five percent of IBD-related tumors were distal to the splenic flexure compared with 78% of sporadic tumors. During a median follow-up period of 5 years, 163 IBD-associated CRC patients died (56%), compared with 164 sporadic CRC patients (57%). The 5-year survival rates were 54% in the IBD–CRC subgroup vs 53% in the sporadic CRC subgroup ( P = .94, log-rank). Conclusions: CUC-related CRC is diagnosed at a relatively young age, and IBD-related tumors tend to be distributed more evenly across the colorectum than sporadic tumors. The survival rates for IBD-associated and sporadic CRC were similar.
Electrochemical Capacitor Voltage Supplement for Large-Scale Naval Submarines

Electrochemical capacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, are utilized to supplement a voltage sag due to heavy loading of valve regulated lead acid batteries. This is done in order to stay above a critical low-voltage operation threshold. Voltage sag mitigation is achieved through a switching scheme activated by a low-voltage detection circuit adding voltage through an electrochemical capacitor bank and snubber circuitry. Through the appropriate collaboration of these systems, energy is safely added to the load.
Comparative analysis of follicle morphology and oocyte diameter in four mammalian species (mouse, hamster, pig, and human).

Laboratory animals are commonly used for evaluating the physiological properties of the mammalian ovarian follicle and the enclosed oocyte. The use of different species to determine the morphological relationship between the follicle and oocyte has led to a recognizable pattern of follicular stages, but differences in follicle size, oocyte diameter and granulosa cell proliferation are not consistent across the different species. In an effort to better understand how these differences are expressed across multiple species, this investigation evaluates oocyte and follicle diameters and granulosa cell proliferation in the mouse, hamster, pig, and human.
Trinuclear metal clusters in catalysis by terpenoid synthases

Terpenoid synthases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the formation of structurally and stereochemically diverse isoprenoid natural products. Many isoprenoid coupling enzymes and terpenoid cyclases from bacteria, fungi, protists, plants, and animals share the class I terpenoid synthase fold. Despite generally low amino acid sequence identity among these examples, class I terpenoid synthases contain conserved metal binding motifs that coordinate to a trinuclear metal cluster. This cluster not only serves to bind and orient the flexible isoprenoid substrate in the precatalytic Michaelis complex, but it also triggers the departure of the diphosphate leaving group to generate a carbocation that initiates catalysis. Additional conserved hydrogen bond donors assist the metal cluster in this function. Crystal structure analysis reveals that the constellation of three metal ions required for terpenoid synthase catalysis is generally identical among all class I terpenoid synthases of known structure.
Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology: Clerical Errors Corrected but Inferences Unchanged

The Yu et al. (1997) study on correlates of mean score on the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) contained some clerical errors that are corrected here. The findings and associated inferences are basically the same after making these corrections as they were before. Academically stronger clinical psychology programs have graduates who tend to score higher on the EPPP. An additional analysis using only professional schools revealed that programs approved by the American Psychological Association and those that are not freestanding tend to produce graduates with higher scores.
A Game Theoretic Framework for Distributed Self-Coexistence Among IEEE 802.22 Networks

The cognitive radio based IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area network (WRAN) is designed to operate in the under-utilized TV bands by detecting and avoiding primary TV transmission bands in a timely manner. Such networks, deployed by competing wireless service providers, would have to self-coexist by accessing different parts of the available spectrum in a distributed manner. Obviously, the goal of every network is to acquire a clear spectrum chunk free of interference from other IEEE 802.22 networks so as to satisfy the QoS of the services delivered to the end-users. In this paper, we study the distributed WRAN self-coexistence problem from a minority game theoretic perspective. We model the spectrum band switching game where the networks try to minimize their cost in finding a clear band. We propose a mixed strategy that the competing networks must adhere to in order to achieve the Nash equilibrium. Simulation experiments have also been conducted and results corroborate with the theoretical analysis.
Behavioral Equilibrium in Economies with Adverse Selection

I propose a new solution concept-behavioral equilibrium-to study environments with players who are naive, in the sense that they fail to account for the informational content of other players'actions. A behavioral equilibrium requires that: (i) players have no incentives to deviate given their beliefs about the consequences of deviating; (ii) these beliefs are consistent with the information obtained from the actual equilibrium play of all players; and (iii) when processing this information, naive players fail to account for the correlation between other players'actions and their own payouncertainty. I apply the framework to certain adverse selection settings and show that, contrary to the received literature, the adverse selection problem is exacerbated when naive players fail to account for selection. More generally, the main distinguishing feature of the framework is that, in equilibrium, beliefs about both fundamentals and strategies are jointly restricted. Consequently, whether a bias may arise or not is determined endogenously in equilibrium. (JEL C72, D82) A large literature presents evidence that psychological and cognitive biases aect people's be- havior. This evidence raises some questions: What are the eects of these biases? And can they persist at all in economic settings where people strategically interact with each other and have the opportunity to learn from their experience? 1 In this paper, I introduce a game-theoretic equilibrium framework to study these questions in the context of a particular bias: people's failure to take into account the informational content of other people's actions. I apply the framework to a class of games that arises naturally in adverse selection settings, and then show that the adverse selection
Nonlinear Switching With Ultralow Reset Power in Graphene-Insulator-Graphene Forming-Free Resistive Memories

A high-performance resistive random access memory with graphene top and bottom electrodes and TiO x /Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 dielectric stacks is reported. The devices exhibit forming-free switching with stable operation at sub-μA operating current. The switching is highly nonlinear with rectifying characteristics in the sub-μA regime. As a result, the reset current is orders of magnitude smaller than the current compliance. Due to the increasing nonlinearity with decreasing current compliance, the reset current is ~100 pA or less for the current compliance of 180 nA. Overall, the devices demonstrate sub-μA operating current, sub-nW reset power, ON/OFF ratio of ~10 4 , stable dc endurance for more than 200 dc cycles, and stable retention up to 10 4 s. The rectifying characteristic offers potential to reduce sneak-currents in cross-bar architectures.
Prevention of effects of ethanol on amino acid concentrations in plasma and tissues by hepatic lipotropic factors in rats.

The authors' previous studies have shown that hepatic steatosis of chronic ethanol ingestion in rats can be prevented by adding pyruvate, dihydroxyacetone, and riboflavin to their diet. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion, with or without addition of the above metabolites to the diet, on protein and amino acid concentrations in tissues. Rats (120 g) were divided into three groups and fed isocalorically one of the following diets for 30 days: control diet (28% fat, 15% protein, and 57% carbohydrate), ethanol diet (28% fat, 15% protein, 23% carbohydrate, and 34% ethanol), and metabolite diet (ethanol diet plus pyruvate, dihydroxyacetone, and riboflavin). Chronic ethanol ingestion reduced growth of muscle and intestinal mucosa without affecting that of liver and kidney. Among the 15 amino acids measured, chronic ethanol ingestion had the most consistent effect on plasma and tissue concentrations of leucine, alanine and α-amino-n-butyrate. The concentration of leucine was increased in muscle, liver, and plasma; that of α-amino-n-butyrate was increased in muscle and plasma, whereas that of alanine was decreased in plasma and liver. Addition of pyruvate, dihydroxyacetone, and riboflavin to the ethanol diet either totally or partially prevented ethanol-induced changes in plasma and tissue concentrations of amino acids despite similarity in plasma ethanol levels. Although these metabolites prevented the inhibition of the growth of intestinal mucosa, they were ineffective in blunting the effect of ethanol on the skeletal muscle. This latter observation suggests that the mechanism of ethanol-induced inhibition of tissue growth is not the same for these tissues.
The Secret of Golf Is in the Swing

Golf, with its intense frustrations, bitter disappointments, sturdy enjoyments, and, yes, extreme ecstasies, would not be the game it is without the continual dream to do better the next time around. Golfers dream about herculean 300-yard drives, perfectly lofted iron shots from the rough, masterful wedge shots from sand traps, and dropping 40-foot putts. Spurred on by the exaggerated claims from equipment manufacturers, they become suspicious that there must be serious faults with their equipment that prevent the realization of these dreams. Visit any pro shop or cut-rate golf store and feast your eyes on the latest golfing wares. How can a golfer resist?
Description Logic Programs: A Paraconsistent Relational Model Approach

A description logic program (dl-program) consists of a description logic knowledge base (a terminological box and an assertion box) and a set of rules for a logic program. For such description logic programs, instead of providing the fixed-point semantics for dl-programs by the immediate consequence operator, we propose an algorithm based on the paraconsistent relational model that mimics the immediate consequence operator of dl-programs. We also introduce a dl-paraconsistent relation (dl-relation), which is essential for sending information between description logic and logic programs represented in terms of equations containing paraconsistent relations. The first step in our algorithm is to convert rules, which may contain dl-atoms that enable the flow of information between description logic and logic programs, into paraconsistent relation equations that contain paraconsistent relational algebraic operators. The second step is to determine iteratively the fixed-point semantics for dl-programs using these equations. We will also prove the correctness of both steps of the algorithm.
Establishment of a novel in vitro model of stratified epithelial wound healing with barrier function

The repair of wounds through collective movement of epithelial cells is a fundamental process in multicellular organisms. In stratified epithelia such as the cornea and skin, healing occurs in three steps that include a latent, migratory, and reconstruction phases. Several simple and inexpensive assays have been developed to study the biology of cell migration in vitro. However, these assays are mostly based on monolayer systems that fail to reproduce the differentiation processes associated to multilayered systems. Here, we describe a straightforward in vitro wound assay to evaluate the healing and restoration of barrier function in stratified human corneal epithelial cells. In this assay, circular punch injuries lead to the collective migration of the epithelium as coherent sheets. The closure of the wound was associated with the restoration of the transcellular barrier and the re-establishment of apical intercellular junctions. Altogether, this new model of wound healing provides an important research tool to study the mechanisms leading to barrier function in stratified epithelia and may facilitate the development of future therapeutic applications.
Towards a Reduced-Wire Interface for CMUT-Based Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging Systems

Having intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging capability on guide wires used in cardiovascular interventions may eliminate the need for separate IVUS catheters and expand the use of IVUS in a larger portion of the vasculature. High frequency capacitive micro machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays should be integrated with interface electronics and placed on the guide wire for this purpose. Besides small size, this system-on-a-chip (SoC) front-end should connect to the back-end imaging system with a minimum number of wires to preserve the critical mechanical properties of the guide wire. We present a 40 MHz CMUT array interface SoC, which will eventually use only two wires for power delivery and transmits image data using a combination of analog-to-time conversion (ATC) and an impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) wireless link. The proof-of-concept prototype ASIC consumes only 52.8 mW and occupies 4.07 $\text{mm}^{2}$ in a 0.35- $\mu\text{m}$ standard CMOS process. A rectifier and regulator power the rest of the SoC at 3.3 V from a 10 MHz power carrier that is supplied through a 2.4 m micro-coax cable with an overall efficiency of 49.1%. Echo signals from an 8-element CMUT array are amplified by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) array and down-converted to baseband by quadrature sampling using a 40 MHz clock, derived from the power carrier. The ATC generates pulse-width-modulated (PWM) samples at 2 $\times$ 10 MS/s with 6 bit resolution, while the entire system achieved 5.1 ENOB. Preliminary images from the prototype system are presented, and alternative data transmission and possible future directions towards practical implementation are discussed.
Presence of Arundinaria gigantea (river cane) on numerous non-wetland sites suggests improper ecological classification of the species

Arundinaria gigantea, or river cane, is a potential riparian buffer, and there is general interest in the restoration of the species to the southern Appalachian mountains. Proper classification of A. gigantea is critical in determining suitable candidate sites for planting. The 1988 National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands lists A. gigantea as facultative wetland (FACW) for the southeast and elsewhere. In this article, we review plant, soil, and hydrologic data collected at 20 A. gigantea sites in western North Carolina, USA, and discuss the species wetland classification in light of our findings. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat), bulk density (ρb), elemental abundance, soil description, plant identification, and hydrologic data are presented and suggest that river cane is currently classified incorrectly, and that an upland (UPL) or facultative upland (FACU) classification is more appropriate. None of the sites studied meet all 3 criteria common to wetland definitions (hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology), although one of the sites had several wetland characteristics. We suggest that river cane restoration should occur in well drained, sandy soils and that the species should only be used as a riparian buffer in this type of setting.
New investigational drugs with single-agent activity in multiple myeloma

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is rapidly evolving. In the United States, four drugs (panobinostat, ixazomib, daratumumab and elotuzumab) were approved for the treatment of MM in 2015. As a result of improved diagnosis and therapy, there has been a dramatic improvement in the outcome of MM in the last decade, probably more than any other malignancy. Numerous agents continue to be studied in preclinical models and in clinical trials, with many demonstrating clinical efficacy that appears promising enough to have a trajectory for regulatory approval. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current data and provide perspective on new investigational agents with promising single-agent activity in MM. The agents reviewed include Isatuximab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody; marizomib, a new proteasome inhibitor; oprozomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor; filanesib (ARRY-520), a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor; dinaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; venetoclax (ABT-199), a selective BCL-2 inhibitor; and LGH-447, pan PIM kinase inhibitor.
Web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Mental Health Problems in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

There are significant challenges in addressing the mental health needs of college students. The current study tested an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), web-based self-help program to treat a broad range of psychological problems students struggle with. A sample of 79 college students was randomized to web-based ACT or a waitlist condition, with assessments at baseline and posttreatment. Results indicated adequate acceptability and program engagement for the ACT website. Relative to waitlist, participants receiving ACT improved on overall distress, general anxiety, social anxiety, depression, academic concerns, and positive mental health. There were no between-group effects on eating concerns, alcohol use, or hostility, or on some key ACT process of change measures. ACT participants improved more on mindful acceptance and obstruction to valued living, both of which mediated treatment outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of lessons learned with the website prototype, and areas for further research are presented.
An ELISA based method for quantifying arabinoxylan in wheat flour

Abstract Arabinoxylans (AX) are a type of dietary fiber present in cereal grains. Recent studies have shown consuming water-extractable AX (WE-AX) can reduce blood glucose levels and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the human gut. WE-AX can affect dough quality by increasing baking absorption and reducing gluten formation. Historically, WE-AX has been quantified using the phloroglucinol assay, however, this method is labor intensive and not amendable to large sample sizes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) quantify molecules through specific antigen-antibody binding. The monoclonal antibody LM11 specifically binds to wheat WE-AX and can be used in an ELISA based quantification. In this study, an ELISA was developed to quantify WE-AX in whole grain flour. Flour WE-AX content was evaluated using ELISA and the phloroglucinol assay in five varieties and two milling methods using a Retsch osilating mill and a Thomas Wiley mill. Moderate correlations were found between assays and milling methods. The ELISA assay was found to reduce sample processing time by 16.5 min. Twenty soft winter wheat varieties were evaluated for WE-AX content using ELISA. The ELISA developed in this study was found to be a highly accurate method of quantifying WE-AX in large sample sizes.
Glucocorticoid Hormone Receptors

Summary The available data lead us to conclude that steroid binding to the specific glucocorticoid receptor in HTC cells is an important event in the hormone-mediated induction of both tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and cell adhesiveness because: 1. The kinetics of dexamethasone binding to and dissociation from the specific receptor are rapid enough to account for the rapid kinetics of induction and deinduction of TAT. 2. Plots of specific steroid binding, induction of TAT, and induction of cell adhesiveness as a function of dexamethasone concentration are very similar. 3. The binding characteristics of a number of steroids (including inducers, anti-inducers and inactive steroids) parallels their biological activity. After incubation of HTC cells with 3 H–dexamethasone at 37° C, specific macromolecular binding of 3 H can be found in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. However, in cell-free incubations, most of the binding activity is in the cytoplasmic fraction. Therefore, nuclear localization of specifically bound radioactivity may occur only after the initial binding reaction in the cytoplasm. The receptor are very probably proteins, which sediment in sucrose gradients near 4S at 0.5M KCl and 8S at lower ionic strength. Binding is inhibited by mercurials and by 1M KCl. The dissociation constant for the reaction dexamethasone + receptor ⇌ dexamethasone-receptor complex determined at 0-5 C by equilibrium studies is 3.0 × 10 −9 M and by kinetic analysis is 7.4 × 10 −10 M. Specific glucocorticoid binding which is similar to that in HTC cells, also occurs in rat liver and in mouse lymphoid cell lines, suggesting that the initial binding reaction is similar even in tissues whose responses to glucocorticoids are quite different. Also steroid resistant lymphoma cells showed decreased specific binding compared with steroid-sensitive parent lines. How the specific receptors are actually involved in enzyme induction is unknown although they do not appear themselves to be the labile post-transcriptional repressor of TAT synthesis predicted from other data.
A Decade of Progress: Lessons Learned in Developing the UCO Downtown.

For over a decade, the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) has been engaged in defining its role within the Oklahoma City (OKC) Metropolitan Area. By 2013, an enhanced physical presence developed for UCO within OKC itself, including the creation of the Academy of Contemporary Music and the CHK|Central Boathouse. Afterwards, and in accordance with UCO’s strategic plan, Vision 2020, the Brookings Institution and the Greater Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce explored links between OKC and workforce development needs, in parallel with planning for an Innovation District. Emerging from that planning is UCO Downtown, a flexible urban learning facility on the border of OKC’s Business District and the recently designated Innovation District. An upcoming renovation of offices and business incubators will provide additional space for the growth of UCO Downtown, as well as serving as home to Customized Education, a non-degree credit program serving metropolitan businesses. With substantial enrollment increases during the first three cycles of enrollment, programs have begun to anchor themselves into the OKC Downtown. The convergence of UCO Downtown with recent recommendations by the Brookings Institution forms the basis for UCO’s goal of serving OKC’s workforce (especially in STEM) as well as the broader OKC community (Arts, Business, Education, Government, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to describe a case study for the introduction of a learning facility in an urban environment (Oklahoma City) and to reflect on important lessons drawn from that experience. We hope this article will benefit others with similar objectives in their own institutional strategic plans.
The Evolution of Enterprise Resource Planning

Today, many Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are run on a network of personal computers. Their features include a client/server architecture supported by a distributed relational database system with query and reporting capabilities, electronic data interchange capability to communicate with both suppliers and customers, decision support systems for managers, a graphical user interface, and standard application programming interfaces.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (Met) in liver regeneration, neoplasia, and disease

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes the aspects of the relationship between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the liver that play a regulatory role in liver growth and function. Several past studies have demonstrated that between 1 and 2 h after partial hepatectomy, the plasma HGF level rapidly rises approximately 15–20 fold above of what is found in control animals. The rise in HGF is immediate and equally as sustained as after partial hepatectomy, but it is elevated for a longer period. Thus, in animals following a partial hepatectomy or CCI4 exposure, the rise in plasma HGF occurs rapidly and precedes the peak in hepatocyte DNA synthesis by approximately 20 to 24 h. In terms of a temporal correlation, the rise in HGF occurs during the time frame that is compatible with the induction in immediate early gene expression. Because plasma HGF level significantly increases in the peripheral blood, HGF is found to be compatible with the early findings documenting the rapid emergence of blood borne hepatotrophic factors following a partial hepatectomy. The role of HGF as a potential initiator of the hepatic regenerative process was further strengthened by recent studies that showed HGF stimulates the expression of some of the immediate early genes in the primary cultures of hepatocytes. A characteristic marker of this process is the liver regeneration factor, which is a transcription factor that functions similarly to I kappa B (IkB). Although liver regeneration factor (LRF) gene expression is stimulated in cultured hepatocytes by HGF, other factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) also enhance the expression of LRF. This suggests that this effect of HGF is not specific, but rather relates to the overall initiation of hepatocyte growth.
How We Study Protein Transport

For the greater part of the last century, research in the field of protein transport was synonymous with microscopy. Before the end of the century, this view was dramatically changed by the emergence of innovative genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches that revolutionized and invigorated the field. Far from being displaced as an essential tool, microscopy techniques have also evolved. What was once largely a science of “dead cells” has been transformed into a window on the inner workings of living cells. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the major approaches that are employed in the analysis of protein transport within the membrane trafficking system of eukaryotic cells. In particular, we discuss the identification of several of the common model cargo proteins for studying both secretory and endocytic membrane trafficking in both mammalian and yeast systems. We then discuss the development of both in vivo and in vitro techniques to study the transport of these model cargo proteins within cells, and explain some of the common principles involved in these assays. Finally, we discuss some of the recent advances in imaging techniques and technology that have driven the recent “renaissance” in the use of microscopic techniques in the investigation of membrane trafficking events in living cells.
Safeguarding El Salvador’s Transition To Peace And Democracy: A View From The Cultural And Political Magazine "Tendencias" (1991-2000)

This article examines the role that the cultural and political magazine Tendencias (1991-2000) played in El Salvador’s transition to peace. Specifically, it studies how Tendencias’s contributors tackled some of the key issues of the transition—the failure to reform the economy, the undermining of the peace process by economic and political elites, and the inability of the FMLN to respond to the new political situation—and argues that the magazine served as a counter to El Salvador’s culture of ideological entrenchment. By fostering democratic and rational-critical discussion, Tendencias opened up a new “public sphere” for El Salvador and gave voice to a vibrant and tenacious intellectual culture that has often been overlooked.
“College for All? These Kids Can’t Dig Ditches”: Confronting the Leadership Challenges for Justice-Based Reform in Underperforming Schools:

The case explores the challenges of school leaders to facilitate social justice–based reforms for low-income students of color who attend underperforming schools. In particular, it examines the 1st...
Factors Shaping Women’s Pre-abortion Communication with Members of Their Social Network

To understand women's pre-abortion conversations with members of their social network about their abortion decision. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women presenting for first-trimester surgical abortion at a high volume, hospital-based abortion clinic. Women were asked their reasons for discussing or not discussing abortion and responses received after disclosing their abortion decision. Interviews were transcribed and computer-assisted content analysis was performed. Salient themes are presented. Thirty women who obtained an abortion were interviewed. All but three spoke to at least one member of their social network about their abortion decision making. However, women were very selective about whom they spoke to regarding this decision. Reasons not to discuss their abortion decision included: concerns about judgment, desiring to maintain privacy, and certainty about their decision. Reasons to discuss their abortion decision included: seeking information about the procedure, needing guidance about their decision, wanting support for their decision to proceed with abortion. While many were concerned about being judged, most women who spoke about their decision experienced a positive response. Though most women in this study had at least one person to turn to for assistance with abortion decision making, many participants avoided confiding in some or all members of their social network about their abortion decision due to concerns of judgment and stigma.
Data, capacity-building, and training needs to address rural health inequities in the Northwest United States: a qualitative study

Objective Rural public health system leaders struggle to access and use data for understanding local health inequities and to effectively allocate scarce resources to populations in need. This study sought to determine these rural public health system leaders' data access, capacity, and training needs. Materials and methods We conducted qualitative interviews across Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington with individuals expected to use population data for analysis or decision-making in rural communities. We used content analysis to identify themes. Results We identified 2 broad themes: (1) challenges in accessing or using data to monitor and address health disparities and (2) needs for training in data use to address health inequities. Participants faced challenges accessing or using data to address rural disparities due to (a) limited availability or access to data, (b) data quality issues, (c) limited staff with expertise and resources for analyzing data, and (d) the diversity within rural jurisdictions. Participants also expressed opportunities for filling capacity gaps through training-particularly for displaying and communicating data. Discussion Rural public health system leaders expressed data challenges, many of which can be aided by informatics solutions. These include interoperable, accessible, and usable tools that help capture, access, analyze, and display data to support health equity efforts in rural communities. Conclusion Informatics has the potential to address some of the daunting data-related challenges faced by rural public health system leaders working to enhance health equity. Future research should focus on developing informatics solutions to support data access and use in rural communities.
Genetic issues in aquatic species management: the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the southeastern United States

Anadromous species occupy multiple freshwater,estuarine, and marine habitats, which posesspecial challenges in wildlife management. Inparticular, the level of immigration betweendrainages can be a critical factor in thedefinition of management units and the designof population-specific stocking programs. Thesemi-anadromous shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) is listed as anendangered species under the Endangered SpeciesAct in the United States. To assess populationstructure in this species as a guide toeffective management, tissue samples werecollected from adult specimens (N = 198) fromfive river systems in the southeastern U.S.,and augmented with a sample from New Brunswick,Canada (N = 13), the extreme northern end ofthe species' range. Comparisons of mtDNAcontrol region sequences reveal a shallow genegenealogy and modest, but significant,population structuring (φst = 4.3%or φst = 17.7% when Canadian samplesare included). Populations inhabiting riversystems in the southeastern U.S. are closelyrelated, a pattern consistent with more recentdivergences along evolutionary timeframes. Haplotype diversity is moderate to high in mostdrainages (h = 0.383–1.000), exceptfor the Savannah and Edisto rivers, indicatingthat historical levels of mtDNA diversity mightbe largely intact outside of these drainages. Low mtDNA diversity in the Savannah andneighboring Edisto drainages might stem from anexperimental stocking effort during 1984–1992 that depressed overall genetic diversityin the Savannah and established or augmentedthe Edisto River population with a relativelylimited number of matrilines.
Outreach to people who survive opioid overdose: Linkage and retention in treatment

Abstract Cognitive motivation theories contend that individuals have greater readiness for behavioral change during critical periods or life events, and a non-fatal overdose could represent such an event. The objective of this study was to examine if the use of a specialized mobile response team (assertive outreach) could help identify, engage, and retain people who have survived an overdose into a comprehensive treatment program. We developed an intervention, consisting of mobile outreach followed by medication and behavioral treatment, in Houston Texas between April and December 2018. Our primary outcome variables were the level of willingness to engage in treatment, and percent who retained in treatment after 30 and 90 day endpoints. We screened 103 individuals for eligibility, and 34 (33%) elected to engage in the treatment program, while two-thirds chose not to engage in treatment, primarily due to low readiness levels. The average age was 38.2 ± 12 years, 56% were male, 79% had no health insurance, and the majority (77%) reported being homeless or in temporary housing. There were 30 (88%) participants still active in the treatment program after 30 days, and 19 (56%) after 90 days. Given the high rates of relapse using conventional models, which wait for patients to present to treatment, our preliminary results suggest that assertive outreach could be a promising strategy to motivate people to enter and remain in long-term treatment.
Achieving Satisfaction with Patient-Reported Outcomes: PROMS

The term “outpatient total joints” has been used with increasing frequency in the last few years. As healthcare institutions and insurance companies attempt to control reimbursement, surgery centers and hospitals are incentivized for patients to receive outpatient total joint arthroplasty. This has resulted in developments in treatment protocols aimed at minimizing complications, infection, delay, and cost, while maximizing efficiency, outcomes, and patient satisfaction. As surgery centers across the nation have emphasized rapid recovery after surgery, procedure-driven checklists are utilized to streamline pre- and postoperative protocols. This certainly puts pressure on healthcare providers to place patient satisfaction at the forefront of institutional developments and improvements. Patient satisfaction is a qualitative metric and is measured through various questionnaires and forms for objective or quantitative data. Patient-reported outcome measures are tools that the healthcare provider can use to assess patient satisfaction, barriers to satisfaction, and ways to improve overall fulfillment after total joint arthroplasty. This chapter discusses the various modalities of patient-reported outcome measures and how they can be used to improve and establish patient satisfaction in outpatient total joint arthroplasty.
A Comparison of Conventionally Versus Digitally Fabricated Denture Outcomes in a University Dental Clinic

PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study is to evaluate if there is a difference in number of visits (including fabrication and postoperative) and remake rate when comparing conventionally fabricated and digitally fabricated complete dentures by dental students in a predoctoral student dental clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This two-year retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of a chart review for patients receiving maxillary and/or mandibular complete dentures between 2017 and 2019 (n = 314) at the UNC Adams School of Dentistry predoctoral student clinic. No control group was determined for this study. Data were extracted for 242 conventional dentures and 39 digital dentures. Objective treatment outcomes were obtained for each included denture: the number of patient appointments from preliminary impressions to denture placement, the number of postoperative visits, any complications noted, and any need for remakes. Fisher's Exact Test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis were completed with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS For the number of visits from preliminary impression to placement, 50% of conventionally fabricated dentures had 6 or more visits, while only 5% of digitally fabricated dentures had 6 or more visits. This difference for the number of patient visits was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, conventionally fabricated dentures required an average of 2-3 postoperative visits, whereas digitally fabricated dentures required 1-2 postoperative visits. This difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the number of dentures requiring remake, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.1904). CONCLUSIONS When comparing conventionally fabricated and digitally fabricated dentures in the predoctoral clinic, the digitally fabricated dentures required fewer patient appointments from start to finish, and fewer postoperative appointments than conventionally fabricated dentures. Fewer visits may be an important consideration for patients, especially those with limited access to care.
Carceral lock-in: How organizational conditions stymie the development of justice alternatives in a rape crisis center:

Many perpetrators of sexual violence are themselves victims of similar crimes. Such “complex victims” do not fit neatly into the dichotomous categories of victim and perpetrator essential to the fu...