cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference effects in short-term memory as a function of input modality and the linguistic relationship between learned lists

Spoken lists of words produced greater interference, both proactive and retroactive, than did visually presented words. When the modality of presentation of the interference list differed from that of the list to be recalled, interference effects were less pronounced than when the lists were presented to the same modality. When the presentation of material shifted from vision to hearing, there was more retroaction and less proaction than when the shift occurred in the opposite direction. Finally, proactive release occurred with a shift from visual to auditory presentation, but not with the opposite shift. Degree of interference was no greater when the interference material was either semantically or phonetically related to the list to be recalled than when the two lists were totally unrelated.
Mechanisms of high-temperature, solid-state flow in minerals and ceramics and their bearing on the creep behavior of the mantle

Abstract The problem of applying laboratory silicate-flow data to the mantle, where conditions can be vastly different, is approached through a critical review of high-temperature flow mechanisms in ceramics and their relation to empirical flow laws. The intimate association of solid-state diffusion and high-temperature creep in pure metals is found to apply to ceramics as well. It is shown that in ceramics of moderate grain size, compared on the basis of self-diffusivity and elastic modulus, normalized creep rates compare remarkably well. This comparison is paralleled by the near universal occurrence of similar creep-induced structures, and it is thought that the derived empirical flow laws can be associated with dislocation creep. Creep data in fine-grained ceramics, on the other hand, are found to compare poorly with theories involving the stress-directed diffusion of point defects and have not been successfully correlated by self-diffusion rates. We conclude that these fine-grained materials creep primarily by a quasi-viscous grain-boundary sliding mechanism which is unlikely to predominate in the earth's deep interior. Creep predictions for the mantle reveal that under most conditions the empirical dislocation creep behavior predominates over the mechanisms involving the stress-directed diffusion of point defects. The probable role of polymorphic transformations in the transition zone is also discussed.
Solving the n-job 3-stage flexible flowshop scheduling problem using an agent-based approach

In this paper, a general methodology of agent-based manufacturing systems scheduling, incorporating game theoretic analysis of agent cooperation is presented to solve the n-job 3-stage flexible flowshop scheduling problem. The flowshops are flexible in the sense that a job can be processed by any of the identical machines at each stage. Our objective is to schedule a set of n jobs so as to minimize the makespan. We perform error bound analysis using the lower bound estimates developed in the literature as a datum for comparing the agent-based scheduling solutions with other heuristic solutions. The results of the evaluation show that the agent-based scheduling approach outperforms existing heuristics for the majority of the testing problems.
The acute vanishing bile duct syndrome (acute irreversible rejection) after orthotopic liver transplantation

The acute vanishing bile duct syndrome can be defined as an irreversible, rejection-related condition that affects hepatic allografts within 100 days after orthotopic liver transplantation and whose presence requires retransplantation. We have observed the acute vanishing bile duct syndrome in 5 of 48 consecutive patients (approximately 10%) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. In 4 cases, the condition progressed relentlessly within approximately 7 to 11 weeks after orthotopic liver transplantation from mild rejection to severe rejection to acute vanishing bile duct syndrome. A fifth patient had severe rejection in the first week and required retransplantation after 17 days because of thrombotic venoocclusive disease complicating the acute vanishing bile duct syndrome. Clinically, signs of impending acute vanishing bile duct syndrome included abrupt onset of fever and jaundice and marked elevation of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels which persisted despite antirejection treatment. Biopsy specimens revealed destructive cholangitis (rejection cholangitis), ductopenia, and, if retransplantation was delayed, presence of noninflammatory, "burnt-out" portal tracts without bile ducts. We recommend to base the diagnosis of acute vanishing bile duct syndrome on documentation of severe ductopenia in at least 20 portal tracts which may require several consecutive needle biopsies. Rejection arteriopathy which was found in 3 of our 5 cases might have been another important diagnostic clue but could not be recognized prior to retransplantation. The pathogenesis of acute vanishing bile duct syndrome is not clear; until the condition had manifested itself, we found no qualitative differences between acute reversible and irreversible rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New bifunctional anion-exchange resins for nuclear waste treatment

Abstract Additional1 bifunctional anion-exchange resins have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to take up Pu(IV) from nitric acid solutions. Bifunctionality is achieved by adding a second anion-exchange site to the pyridine nitrogen (also an anion-exchange site) of the base poly(4-vinylpyridine) resin. Previous work focused on the effect of varying the chemical properties of the added site along with the length of an alkylene ‘spacer’ between the two sites. Here we examine four new 3- and 4-picolyl derivatives which maintain more rigidly defined geometries between the two nitrogen cationic sites. These materials, which have the two anion-exchange sites separated by three and four carbons, respectively, exhibit lower overall Pu(IV) distribution coefficients than the corresponding N-alkylenepyridium derivatieves with more flexible spacers. Methylation of the second pyridium site results in a ca. 20% increase in the Pu(IV) distribution coefficients.
Glycemic Variability and Glycemic Control in the Acutely Ill Cardiac Patient

The mechanisms for hyperglycemia-mediated harm in the hospitalized cardiac patient are poorly understood. Potential obstacles in the inpatient management of hyperglycemia in cardiac patients include rapidly changing clinical status, frequent procedures and interruptions in carbohydrate exposure, and short hospital length of stay. A patient's preadmission regimen is rarely suitable for inpatient glycemic control. Instead, an approach to a flexible, physiologic insulin regimen is described, which is intended to minimize glycemic excursions. When diabetes or hyperglycemia is addressed early and consistently, the hospital stay can serve as a potential window of opportunity for reinforcing self-care behaviors that reduce long-term complications.
Narrow-band extremely low frequency (ELF) wave phenomena observed at South Pole Station

[1] Extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic pulsations which show a whistler-like spectral structure have been measured at South Pole Station. An initial survey of the first 70 days of data revealed narrow-band ELF pulsations with slowly varying frequency over time. The narrow-band (a few Hz) signatures maintain their bandwidth as their frequencies decrease from 110 to 50 Hz (and their second harmonics) over the course of 40–90 s. Although the narrow-band ELF waves have a signature somewhat similar to very low frequency (VLF) whistlers, their duration and frequency range are much different from those of whistlers; they also show an unusual characteristic where their frequency often increases before it decreases. These events show a peak in their magnetic local time (MLT) occurrence distribution near the pre-midnight region, a result that contrasts sharply with the only three previously published studies of these waves. Two possibilities of generation mechanism are discussed.
A consistent mass matrix for three-dimensional beam-columns

Abstract This paper presents the development of a consistent mass matrix for a three-dimensional beam-column element via the concept of stability functions. The consistent mass matrix is developed via the assumed-modes method with shape functions being derived from the Euler equations of axial-flexural interaction. The consistent mass matrix is compared with other mass matrices (lumped and consistent formulations) which disregard the effect of axial-flexural interaction. The consistent mass matrix with axial-flexural interaction has proved reliable, but its use is questionable for typical structures, in that the level of axial-flexural interaction only minimally alters the inertial forces. Curiously, as the level of axial-flexural interactions increases, the total amount of element rotary inertia also increases.
Surface recombination velocity and bulk lifetime in GaAs and InP

An analytical expression is derived which allows the bulk minority carrier recombination lifetime tau and the surface recombination velocity S to be extracted from a single non-contact photoconductivity decay (PCD) measurement. This analytical expression is rather complex, but can be reduced to a first-order approximation. A comparison of the computer simulation of the more complex expression and the first-order approximation reveals that the first-order expression and the first-order approximation reveals that the first-order approximation model is accurate and is equally valid for both n-type and p-type materials.
Prescription drug abuse: Problem, policies, and implications

This article provides an overview on prescription drug abuse and highlights a number of related legislative bills introduced during the 112th Congress in response to this growing epidemic. Prescription drug abuse has emerged as the nation's fastest growing drug problem. Although prescription drugs have been used effectively and appropriately for decades, deaths from prescription pain medicine in particular have reached epidemic proportions. Bills related to prescription drug abuse introduced during the 112th Congress focus on strengthening provider and consumer education, tracking and monitoring prescription drug abuse, improving data collection on drug overdose fatalities, combating fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid programs, reclassifying drugs to make them more difficult to prescribe and obtain, and enforcing stricter penalties for individuals who operate scam pain clinics and sell pain pills illegitimately. This article underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to combating prescription drug abuse and concludes with implications for nursing.
Examining Scientific Vocabulary: Mapping Controlled Vocabularies with Free Text Keywords

Scientific repositories create a new environment for studying traditional information science issues. The interaction between indexing terms provided by users and controlled vocabularies continues to be an area of debate and study. This article reports and analyzes findings from a study that mapped the relationships between free text keywords and controlled vocabulary terms used in the sciences. Based on this study's findings recommendations are made about which vocabularies may be better to use in scientific data repositories.
Pancreatic cancers rely on a novel glutamine metabolism pathway to maintain redox balance.

In order for a cell to dupli-cate, it must double its genome, protein content and lipid mass. This process requires energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. However, unlike ATP, the amount of NADPH required for biosyn-thesis is much greater than that needed for homeostasis, which makes the genera-tion of NADPH rate limiting for cellular proliferation. NADPH is used for both macromolecular biosynthesis (e.g., lipids and deoxynucleotide triphosphates) and the maintenance of a reduced intracellular environment.
TSS‐1R electron currents: Magnetic limited collection from a heated presheath

We show that currents collected by TSS-1R are consistent with Parker-Murphy magnetic limited collection from the ionosphere where the local electron temperatures are elevated as observed during the first TSS-1 mission. An analytic development of the previous Katz et al. [1994] presheath model is presented. This model accounts for the heating that occurs as electrons fall through the potentials necessary to reflect the ram ions while satisfying the Bohm sheath stability criterion. This presheath model is coupled to a sheath sized to the Parker-Murphy collection radius to predict the current collected by TSS-1R. The resultant currents are 2 to 3 times larger than for the standard Parker-Murphy collection model and are consistent with observations.
Noesis and the encyclopedic internet vision

Noesis is an Internet search engine dedicated to mapping the profession of philosophy online. In this paper, I recount the history of the project’s development since 1998 and discuss the role it may play in representing philosophy optimally, adequately, fairly, and accessibly. Unlike many other representations of philosophy, Noesis is dynamic in the sense that it constantly changes and inclusive in the sense that it lets the profession speak for itself about what philosophy is, how it is practiced, and why it is important. In this paper, I explain how Noesis is dynamic and inclusive. I close by suggesting why such a communitarian representation of the profession is both timely and necessary.
Relationship Between the Plasma Levels of Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone During the Normal Menstrual Cycle

Abstract The temporal relationship between the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone in peripheral plasma has been determined during the course of the normal human menstrual cycle. Daily plasma samples were assayed, in duplicate, for progesterone by the competitive protein-binding method of Murphy (0.5 ml aliquots of plasma) and for LH by a radioimmunologic procedure (0.1 ml aliquots of plasma). Plasma progesterone levels remained consistently low (<0.2-1.8 mμg/ml) during the first half of the cycle and did not begin to rise until after the midcycle surge of LH became fully evident. Following the decline in plasma LH concentrations, the plasma progesterone levels increased rapidly, reaching maximal concentrations of 10–19 mμg/ml in 3–5 days. Progesterone concentrations remained elevated for 4–6 days and then fell abruptly to the initial low levels approximately 24 hr before the onset of menstruation without concomitant changes in LH concentration.
Prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis and effect in pigeon aorta possible role in atherogenesis

Abstract This study for the first time examines the biosynthesis and effect of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in aorta during genetic atherosclerosis. Biosynthesis of PGE 2 from [1- 14 C]arachidonic acid was investigated in the aorta of spontaneously atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau pigeons and was compared with that of the atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer breed. Most of the PGE 2 synthetase activity was located in the microsomes. The synthesis was linear up to an hour and was optimal at pH 7.4. The formation of PGE 2 in the aorta in the White Carneau pigeons was significantly higher ( P 2 strongly inhibited the cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity (51.6% inhibition at 4 × 10 −7 M concentration) in the supernatant fraction of the aorta. On the basis of (1) the increased formation of PGE 2 in the aorta of atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeons and (2) its effect on specific enzymes that control cholesteryl ester concentration in aorta, it is hypothesized that PGE 2 synthesized at a higher rate in damaged aorta has a significant role in cholesteryl ester accumulation during atherogenesis.
The Effect of a Porcine‐Derived Small Intestinal Submucosa Product on Wounds With Exposed Bone in Dogs

Objective— To determine the effect of a porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa product (PSIS) on healing time, epithelialization, angiogenesis, contraction, and inflammation of wounds with exposed bone on the distal aspect of the limbs of dogs. Study Design— Prospective, controlled, experimental study. Animal Population— 10 young adult, purpose-bred, male Beagles. Methods— Small wounds with exposed bone were created on the lateral aspect of metatarsal V and the medial aspect of metatarsal II on both hindlimbs. Three sheets of PSIS were sutured into the wounds of the treated limb, and the other limb served as a control. On day 10, punch biopsies of the medial metatarsal wounds were collected and were evaluated microscopically after routine hematoxylin and eosin and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) staining. The lateral metatarsal wounds were evaluated by planimetry and laser Doppler perfusion imaging on days 7, 14, and 21. Time until complete wound healing was also recorded. The level of significance was set at P≤ .05 for all statistical analyses. Results— Laser Doppler perfusion measurements were significantly higher in control wounds on day 7, but no differences were noted on days 14 and 21. No significant differences in planimetric values, histopathologic appearance, or time until complete wound healing were noted among treated and control groups. Conclusions— No objective differences in healing were noted between control wounds and wounds treated with PSIS. Clinical Relevance— There appears to be no contraindication to the use of PSIS on clean wounds with exposed bone on the distal limbs of dogs. However, our objective data provides no evidence that this product affects epithelialization, contraction, or time to complete healing in wounds with exposed bone.
Input Force Identification in Time Domain Using Optimally Placed Accelerometers

A technique in time domain is presented that aims at identifying dynamic loads acting on a structure from acceleration time response measured experimentally at finite number of locations on the structure. The structure essentially gets transformed into its own load transducer. The approach is based on the standard equilibrium equation in dynamics in time domain. For measurement of the acceleration response, there can be a large number of combinations of locations on the structure where the accelerometers can be mounted and the recovered loads may be quite sensitive to the locations selected for accelerometer placements. In fact, the precision with which the applied loads are estimated from measured acceleration response depends on the number of accelerometers utilized and their locations on the component. Implementation of a methodology to determine the optimum set of accelerometer locations, based on the sparse nature of the mass, damping and stiffness matrices, is presented to guide the selection of number and locations of accelerometers that will provide the most precise load estimates. A numerical validation that helps understand the main characteristics of the proposed approach is also presented. The numerical results reveal the effectiveness and utility of the proposed technique.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Changes in the Binocular Fixation Patterns and the Visually Evoked Potential in the Treatment of Esotropia with Amblyopia

Using the binocular fixation pattern (BFP) and the visually evoked potential (VEP), thirteen amblyopic patients with comitant, non-accommodative esotropia with an angle range up to 30 delta were studied before and during occlusion therapy. A graded BFP with a stronger preferred fixation could be used to diagnose amblyopia. The BFP, however, showed no significant change with therapy despite improvement in acuity. In contrast, the VEP amplitudes, initially reduced in amblyopia, increased significantly as the vision responded to patching. The VEP was useful in diagnosing strabismic amblyopia and giving a predictive range of acuities.
The effect of increased nitrate loading on nitrate reduction via denitrification and DNRA in salt marsh sediments

The effects of increased nitrogen loading on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in marsh sediments were studied in permanently submerged subtidal creek sediments and on the tidally inundated vegetated marsh platform in Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts. DNRA and denitrification in surface sediments were measured at all sites using whole-core incubations and the isotope pairing technique, which allows distinction between denitrification of water column nitrate and coupled nitrification–denitrification. On the marsh platform, denitrification was also measured at depth in the rhizosphere, using a new approach that combined the push–pull method and the isotope pairing technique. In tidal creek sediments, fertilization increased denitrification of water column nitrate by approximately one order of magnitude, and coupled nitrification– denitrification threefold. Coupled nitrification–denitrification made a significant contribution to the total N2 production in the unfertilized creek but was of minor importance in the fertilized creek due to increased rates of denitrification of water column nitrate. In the surface sediment of the marsh platform, fertilization increased denitrification of water column nitrate by an order of magnitude during inundation of the marsh platform, about 12% of the day. However, coupled nitrification–denitrification occurring at depth in the rhizosphere was the main denitrification pathway, accounting for more than 50% of the total N2 production in the fertilized as well as in the reference marsh. DNRA was measured in the surface sediment only, where it was comparable in magnitude to denitrification in the fertilized as well as in the unfertilized marsh.
‘Because they tip for shit!’: The Social Psychology of Everyday Racism in Restaurants

Despite the notion that racism and discrimination are things of the past, racial minorities continue to experience such treatment in everyday interactions, often occurring in commercial transactions. In this paper, we analyze data from a survey of restaurant servers (N = 200) and a qualitative field study. Both were designed to explore the racial climate in restaurants. Our findings show that servers not only observe their co-workers practicing discriminatory behaviors but also report doing so themselves. Referring to this trend as ‘tableside racism’, we argue that restaurant servers engage in racist discourse, which functions to create and sustain stereotypes about black patrons. These workplace interactions shape the service that is extended to black patrons, thus resulting in a self-fulfilling prophecy wherein they receive poor tips and treatment from blacks that reflect inferior service. To illustrate the process of server discrimination, we situate our findings in a social psychological framework.
Analysis of tacrolimus and creatinine from a single dried blood spot using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Long term therapeutic drug monitoring and assessment of renal function are required in renal transplant recipients on immunosuppressant therapy such as tacrolimus. Dry blood spots (DBS) have been used successfully in the clinic for many years and offers a convenient, simple and non-invasive method for repeated blood tests. We developed and performed a preliminary validation of a method for the analysis of tacrolimus and creatinine from a single DBS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS). Tacrolimus and creatinine were extracted from a 6 mm punch with a mixture of methanol/acetonitrile containing ascomycin and deuterated creatinine as internal standards. A 10 μl aliquot of the extract was analyzed directly after dilution for creatinine with normal phase high performance liquid chromatography and multiple reaction monitoring. The remainder of the extract was processed and analyzed for tacrolimus. The lower limit of quantification for tacrolimus was 1 ng/ml with accuracy of 0.34% bias and precision (CV) of 11.1%. The precision ranged from 1.33% to 7.68% and accuracy from −4.44% to 11.6% bias for the intra- and inter-day analysis. The lower limit of quantification of creatinine was 0.01 mg/dL with precision of 7.94%. Accuracy was based on recovery of additional creatinine spiked into whole blood samples and ranged from −2.45% bias at 5 mg/dL to 3.75% bias at 0.5 mg/dL. Intra- and inter-day precision was from 3.48 to 4.11%. The assay was further validated with DBS prepared from pediatric renal transplant recipients. There was excellent correlation between the levels of tacrolimus and creatinine obtained from the clinical laboratory and the DBS method developed. After additional validation, this assay may have a significant impact on compliance with medication intake as well as potentially lowering the cost associated with intravenous blood draws in clinical laboratories.
A Responsibilities Framework for Marketing as a Professional Discipline

Abstract Many practitioners believe that marketing practice should be viewed as a profession. Similarly, many marketing academics argue that marketing should be taught and researched as a professional discipline. This article develops a “responsibilities framework” that can be used to explore how marketing should be defined if it is to be viewed as a profession.
Identification and Chromosomal Mapping of the Mouse Inositol Polyphosphate 1-Phosphatase Gene

A mouse inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (Inpp1) cDNA fragment (348 bp) was amplified by means of the polymerase chain reaction using a mouse cDNA library as template with primers designed from published human and bovine cDNA sequences. We isolated a 1623-bp full-length Inpp1 cDNA from a mouse brain cDNA library using this amplified cDNA fragment as probe. Amino acid sequences of mouse, human, and bovine inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase are highly conserved. Northern blot analysis shows a major transcript of 1.65-kb mRNA and several higher molecular weight mRNAs that are expressed in a variety of mouse tissues. Utilizing the Jackson Lab backcross DNA panel map service, we mapped Inpp1 to chromosome 1, 1.06 cM proximal to Ctla4. 8 refs., 2 figs.
Similarity of information and behavior with a pointwise convergence topology

Abstract A topology on the space of information is defined which makes the latter a complete separable metric space. In this metric, set-theoretic convergent sequences of information converge, and the set of finite partitions of the state space is dense. This topology is weaker than the one studied by Allen. In addition, an expected utility maximizing consumer's demand for commodities is a continuous function of his information, and this topology is the weakest one with that property.
Early Understanding and Use of Symbols: The Model Model

3. D.W. Massaro, Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception, in Cognition: Con ceptual and Methodological Issues, H.L. Pick, Jr., P. Van den Broek, and D.C. Knill, Eds. (American Psy chological Association, Washington, DC, 1992). 4. M.M. Cohen and D.W. Massaro, Synthesis of visible speech, Behavioral Research Methods, In strumentation, & Computers, 22, 260-263 (1990); M.M. Cohen and D.W. Massaro, Modeling coartic ulation in synthetic visual speech, in Models and Techniques in Computer Animation, N.M. Thal mann and D. Thalmann, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, To kyo, 1993); M.M. Cohen and D.W. Massaro, De velopment and experimentation with synthetic visible speech, Behavioral Research Methods, In strumentation, & Computers, 26, 260-265 (1994); F.l. Parke, A model for human faces that allows speech synchronized animation, Computers and Graphics Journal, 7(1), 1-4(1975). 5. B. de Boysson-Bardies, S. de Schonen, P. Jusczyk, P. McNeilage, and ). Morton, Eds., Devel opmental Neurocognition: Speech and Face Pro cessing in the First Year of Life (Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993); C.A. Fowler and D.J. Dekle, Listening with eye and hand: Cross-modal contributions to speech perception, Journal of Ex perimental Psychology: Human Perception and Per formance, 17,8} 6-828 (1991 ); Q. Summerfield, Vi sual perception of phonetic gestures, in Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception, I.G. Mattingly and M. Studdert-Kennedy, Eds. (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991). 6. A. Liberman and I.C. Mattingly, The motor theory of speech perception revised, Cognition, 21, 1-33 (1985); I.G. Mattingly and M. Studdert Kennedy, Eds., Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991). 7. J.W. Ellison and D.W. Massaro, Evaluating and integrating features in the identification of facial affect, unpublished manuscript, University of Cali fornia, Santa Cruz (1994). 8. S.C. Levine, M.T. Banich, and M.P. Koch Weser, Face recognition: A general or specific right hemisphere capacity? Brain and Cognition, 8, 303 325(1988). 9. B. Dodd and R. Campbell, Eds., Hearing by Eye: The Psychology of Lip-Reading (Erlbaum, Hills dale, NJ, 1987).
Ligand Binding Turns Moth Pheromone-binding Protein into a pH Sensor: EFFECT ON THE ANTHERAEA POLYPHEMUS PBP1 CONFORMATION*

In moths, pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are responsible for the transport of the hydrophobic pheromones to the membrane-bound receptors across the aqueous sensillar lymph. We report here that recombinant Antheraea polyphemus PBP1 (ApolPBP1) picks up hydrophobic molecule(s) endogenous to the Escherichia coli expression host that keeps the protein in the “open” (bound) conformation at high pH but switches to the “closed” (free) conformation at low pH. This finding has bearing on the solution structures of undelipidated lepidopteran moth PBPs determined thus far. Picking up a hydrophobic molecule from the host expression system could be a common feature for lipid-binding proteins. Thus, delipidation is critical for bacterially expressed lipid-binding proteins. We have shown for the first time that the delipidated ApolPBP1 exists primarily in the closed form at all pH levels. Thus, current views on the pH-induced conformational switch of PBPs hold true only for the ligand-bound open conformation of the protein. Binding of various ligands to delipidated ApolPBP1 studied by solution NMR revealed that the protein in the closed conformation switches to the open conformation only at or above pH 6.0 with a protein to ligand stoichiometry of ∼1:1. Mutation of His70 and His95 to alanine drives the equilibrium toward the open conformation even at low pH for the ligand-bound protein by eliminating the histidine-dependent pH-induced conformational switch. Thus, the delipidated double mutant can bind ligand even at low pH in contrast to the wild type protein as revealed by fluorescence competitive displacement assay using 1-aminoanthracene and solution NMR.
Scaling Local Species-habitat Relations to the Larger Landscape with a Hierarchical Spatial Count Model

Much of what is known about avian species-habitat relations has been derived from studies of birds at local scales. It is entirely unclear whether the relations observed at these scales translate to the larger landscape in a predictable linear fashion. We derived habitat models and mapped predicted abundances for three forest bird species of eastern North America using bird counts, environmental variables, and hierarchical models applied at three spatial scales. Our purpose was to understand habitat associations at multiple spatial scales and create predictive abundance maps for purposes of conservation planning at a landscape scale given the constraint that the variables used in this exercise were derived from local-level studies. Our models indicated a substantial influence of landscape context for all species, many of which were counter to reported associations at finer spatial extents. We found land cover composition provided the greatest contribution to the relative explained variance in counts for all three species; spatial structure was second in importance. No single spatial scale dominated any model, indicating that these species are responding to factors at multiple spatial scales. For purposes of conservation planning, areas of predicted high abundance should be investigated to evaluate the conservation potential of the landscape in their general vicinity. In addition, the models and spatial patterns of abundance among species suggest locations where conservation actions may benefit more than one species.
Managing end-user expectations in major IT roll-out projects

Abstract This paper examines the requirement for setting end-user expectations in major IT roll-out projects, and suggests ways in which project management tools can be forged to manage this essential area through the next decade.
Thermal annealing of femtosecond laser written structures in silica glass

We have investigated the thermal stability of femtosecond laser modification inside fused silica. Raman and FL spectroscopy show that fs-laser induced non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) defects completely disappear at 300 °C, whereas changes in Si-O ring structures only anneal out after heat treatment at 800-900 °C. After annealing at 900 °C optical waveguides written inside the glass had completely disappeared whereas more significant damage induced in the glass remained. The results are related to different types of bond rearrangements in the glass network.
Measurement and Computation of Turbulence in Risers Using Kinetic Theory

Detailed experimental velocity, particle concentration and stresses for flow of particles in a vertical pipe, riser are needed for verification of various CFD models for multiphase flow in the industrially important circulating fluidized bed (fast fluidization) regime. This study provides such information for flow of 530 μm glass beads in the fully developed flow region of a 7 m symmetric riser with a splash plate. Instantaneous particle velocity distributions were obtained using a particle velocity imaging technique and a probe inserted into the riser, while the particle concentrations were measured with a gammaray densitometer. Time averaged particle velocity distributions can be well represented by a parabolic velocity distribution, with the mean velocity obtained from flux divided by the measured bulk density. The radial granular temperature profiles agree with an analytical expression similar to the thermal temperature distribution in Poiseuille flow with viscous heat generation. A solution to the complete CFD model shows that the assumptions made in the analytical solution are valid. Our measurements of stresses in the risers and bubbling beds show the existence of two types of random kinetic energies or granular temperatures. The true granular temperature is due to oscillations of particles, while the second is the average of the normal Reynolds stresses. In the core of the riser, the true granular temperature is much larger than the Reynolds type granular temperature. The reverse is true in the bubbling bed.© 2003 ASME
Reaching Beyond MEDLINE: A Beginner's Overview of Electronic Biomedical Resources

ABSTRACT Information professionals in the health sciences have a fantastic, readily available resource to use for locating and accessing information: MEDLINE. Many times, however, sleuthing reference librarians or informationists may find themselves looking beyond MEDLINE in order to find needed information in the fast-paced world of health science librarianship, because it does not index all of the possibly helpful literature, including book chapters, conference proceedings, and gray literature. This article seeks to list and describe several other available electronic resources, including bibliographic and citation databases, so that health science information professionals can deliver the right information to the right user … STAT!
Radical mechanism of aminopyrine oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide catalyzed by purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450

Abstract Under identical experimental conditions, purified preparations of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and beef heart metmyoglobin were equally effective at stimulating the oxidation of aminopyrine to a free radical species by cumene hydroperoxide. Mannitol had no effect on radical levels produced with either hemeprotein-hydroperoxide system; however, specific ligands of the two hemeproteins, substrates of cytochrome P-450, and phospholipid affected the two systems quite differently. Only the metmyo-globindependent oxidation of aminopyrine was significantly inhibited by fluoride and cyanide. Metyrapone, a specific ligand of cytochrome P-450, and benzphetamine, which was N-demethylated by cumene hydroperoxide only in the presence of cytochrome P-450, inhibited only the cytochrome P-450-stimulated oxidation of aminopyrine. Moreover, only with the solubilized liver hemeprotein was aminopyrine radical generation markedly stimulated by phospholipid. Similar properties of aminopyrine N-demethylation and radical formation by the cytochrome P-450-cumene hydroperoxide system have strongly implicated the radical as a requisite intermediate in product formation. Micromolar concentrations of metyrapone caused parallel inhibition, by at least 50%, of both radical generation and formaldehyde production. These results support a radical pathway of N-demethylation proposed for other hemeprotein-hydroperoxide systems ( B. W. Griffin and P. L. Ting, 1978 , Biochemistry, 17, 2206–2211), in which the substrate undergoes two successive one-electron abstractions, followed by hydrolysis of the iminium cation intermediate. Thus, for this class of substrates, the experimental data are consistent with the oxygen atom of the product arising from H2O and not directly from the hydroperoxide, which has been previously proposed as a general mechanism for cytochrome P-450 peroxidatic activities.
T cell depletion in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome

Abstract Rationale Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), a genetic disorder due to a partial deletion of chromosome 4p16.3 has characteristic features such as, facial abnormalities (i.e. microcephaly and frontal bossing), cardiac malformations, and mental retardation. B cell defects have also been described in several patients with WHS. However, T cell immunity has been noted to be normal in all previous reported subjects. We present a unique case of a child with WHS associated with a cell-mediated immunodeficiency. Case report Genetic analysis of a 6 month old male with abnormal facies, an atrial septal defect, and failure to thrive revealed a microdeletion in 4p16.3 position consistent with WHS. The patient presented with recurrent skin abscess at 2 1/2 years of age. Culture of the abdominal abscess grew methicillin resistant S. aureus. Methods and results Immunological evaluation revealed the following: Normal CBC; NBT 100%; Chemiluminescence assay, 32.6 × 10 6 CMP; total hemolytic complement, 70. Lymphocyte subset enumeration revealed an absolute CD4 count of 473. Lymphocyte proliferation assay revealed low responses following tetanus, S. aureus and Candida stimulations. However, evaluation of humoral immune function was found to be normal; antibody responses to diphtheria, tetanus and pneumococcal vaccines were in normal range. FISH analysis of chromosome 22q11 was found to be normal. The abdominal abscess responded to Clindamycin and Rifampin. Conclusions Cell-mediated immunodeficiency can be seen in patients with WHS in the absence of humoral defects. WHS patient who have recurrent or persistent infections should have a complete immune evaluation, including cell-mediated immunity.
Adolescents in Public Substance Abuse Treatment Programs: The Impacts of Sex and Race on Referrals and Outcomes

ABSTRACT Adolescent substance use continues to be a serious public health and social problem. However, very little research has been conducted to understand substance use treatment for adolescents during the past thirty years. This study reports on adolescents in publicly funded AOD treatment programs from 1997–1999 (N = 4,733). Analyses are presented examining sex and ethic differences within this population. Females were more likely to report methamphetamine and males reported marijuana use. Females were more likely to report injection drug use; males were more likely to be mandated to treatment. Hispanic and African American youth were referred into treatment from criminal justice; reported marijuana as the primary drug; much less likely to be IDUs; be mandated to treatment; and released unsatisfactorily compared to white adolescents. Implications for future research and substance abuse treatment are discussed.
Molecule/metal surface interactions evidenced quantum mechanically via tip-induced CS2 interaction with friedel oscillations on Au{111}

Submonolayer coverages of CS2 adsorbed on Au{111} at 4 K were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. The molecule forms well-ordered islands on the terraces and molecular chains at the bottoms of the steps. The adsorption of the CS2 molecule at specific surface sites is explained in terms of the substrate electron density. Strong tip/molecule interactions are shown to be prevalent in this system at negative tip biases and yield images showing reversed corrugation. At low positive tip bias, the tip again perturbs the molecules, but in this regime, the tip/molecule interaction is comparable to the molecule/surface interaction and higher residence times at certain surface sites are observed. This effect is explained fully in terms of the CS2 molecule having increased interactions with the areas of high electron density on the peaks of standing waves arising from electrons close to the Fermi energy. The importance of this result is discussed in terms of the fundamental surface physics of adsorbate/metal...
Flavor preferences conditioned by intragastric infusions of dilute Polycose solutions

Abstract Prior studies have obtained strong conditioned preferences (>90%) for flavors paired with intragastric (IG) infusions of Polycose (hydrolyzed starch) over different flavors paired with IG water infusions. These experiments used concentrated Polycose solutions (16–32%; 0.6–1.2 kcal/ml) that contributed 50% or more of the animals' daily caloric intake. The present experiment sought to determine if calorically dilute solutions would also support preference conditioning. Adult female rats with gastric cannulas were trained with a cue solution (the CS+) paired with Polycose infusions. On alternate days a different cue solution (the CS−) was paired with IG water infusions. The CSs were unsweetened or saccharin-sweetened citric acid and sucrose octaacetate solutions that were available 22 h/day; chow was freely available. Separate groups were infused with Polycose at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% (0.019–0.152 kcal/ml). The three higher concentrations conditioned flavor preferences of up to 89%. The infused Polycose represented only 1–14% of the animals' daily caloric intake and did not reliably reduce chow consumption. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of the viscerosensory feedback system mediating flavor conditioning.
On the Migration of Sociological Structures, 1933-1941: A forgotten episode in the history of American Sociology and a case study in the Sociology of Sociology

An unexamined problem in the history of American sociology is how to understand cross-societal transference of theoretical structures. The case study considered here is that of the cultural migration of refugee scholars from Nazi Germany to the United States. This paper treats this event as a problem in the sociology of theory structures. Habermas' work on the social character of scientific knowledge aids in conceptualizing our frame work.
Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training effectiveness

Abstract The first part of this paper presents a theoretical framework which includes the independent and dependent variables that should be considered in studies designed to evaluate the effectiveness of cross-cultural training. Six kinds of training—general or specific, affective, cognitive or behavioral—plus self-insight training are considered. In addition, the quantity and timing of the training, and attributes of trainers and trainees are considered. The second part considers strategies for the evaluation of the effects of these independent variables. Controversies in evaluation research are reviewed to find out what can be learned from past experience that might be applicable to cross-cultural training. This review shows a trend toward the broadening of evaluation research, using many more dependent variables, with measurements obtained from many kinds of people. New methodologies that permit the incorporation of diverse points of view and a broad analysis of the effects of the training program are examined. Questions are also raised concerning who should have the information acquired during an evaluation study. Finally, the paper examines ethical problems that cannot be ignored by those evaluating cross-cultural training.
INFLUENCE OF TRICHOME LENGTH ON LINEAR TRANSLATION IN OSCILLATORIA PRINCEPS (CYANOPHYCEAE)1

Motile trichomes of Oscillatoria princeps Voucher were examined to determine the relationship between trichome length and the ability to glide through hardened or viscous media. A minimum length for movement in solid media was found to be 0.1 mm in 0.5% agar (w/v).Viscous media tests revealed that coordinated movements through methyl cellulose media were not seen in trichomes 15–40 μ long at the viscosity employed. The minimum length motility increases with the viscosity of the medium and the gliding rates observed are greater in longer trihomes. These findings are discussed in relation to trichome surface area and the hypothesis that the motility system is restricted to lateral surfaces of the trichome.
Cryogenic Technology Development for Exploration Missions

This paper reports the status and findings of different cryogenic technology research projects in support of the President s Vision for Space Exploration. The exploration systems architecture study is reviewed for cryogenic fluid management needs. It is shown that the exploration architecture is reliant on the cryogenic propellants of liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and liquid methane. Needs identified include: the key technologies of liquid acquisition devices, passive thermal and pressure control, low gravity mass gauging, prototype pressure vessel demonstration, active thermal control; as well as feed system testing, and Cryogenic Fluid Management integrated system demonstration. Then five NASA technology projects are reviewed to show how these needs are being addressed by technology research. Projects reviewed include: In-Space Cryogenic Propellant Depot; Experimentation for the Maturation of Deep Space Cryogenic Refueling Technology; Cryogenic Propellant Operations Demonstrator; Zero Boil-Off Technology Experiment; and Propulsion and Cryogenic Advanced Development. Advances are found in the areas of liquid acquisition of liquid oxygen, mass gauging of liquid oxygen via radio frequency techniques, computational modeling of thermal and pressure control, broad area cooling thermal control strategies, flight experiments for resolving low gravity issues of cryogenic fluid management. Promising results are also seen for Joule-Thomson pressure control devices in liquid oxygen and liquid methane and liquid acquisition of methane, although these findings are still preliminary.
Direct comparison of the magnetic and electronic properties of samarocene and ytterbocene terpyridine complexes.

A new complex, Cp*2Sm(tpy) (1, where Cp* = C5Me5, tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) and its one-electron oxidized congener [Cp*2Sm(tpy)]PF6 ([1]+) have been synthesized and characterized with the aim of comparing their electronic and magnetic behavior to the known ytterbium analogues: Cp*2Yb(tpy) (2) and [Cp*2Yb(tpy)]OTf ([2]+). These new samarium complexes have been characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, optical spectroscopy, and bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements. All data for 1 indicate a Sm(III)−tpy• −[(4f)5−(π*)1] ground-state electronic configuration similar to that found previously for 2 [(4f)13−(π*)1]. Structural comparisons reveal that there are no significant changes in the overall geometries associated with the neutral and cationic samarium and ytterbium congeners aside from those anticipated based upon the lanthanide contraction. The redox potentials for the divalent Cp*2Ln(THF)n precursors (E1/2(Sm2+) = −2.12 V, E1/2(Yb2+) = −1.48 V)...