cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of solution variables on the solution of cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide

Through the study of the effects of concentration, temperature, and molar ration (of paraformaldehyde to cellulose) on solution viscosity and per cent transmittance (at 530 nm), it has been demonstrated that cellulose solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are readily produced. By heating 1, 2, and 50 to 100 parts by weight of cellulose, paraformaldehyde, and DMSO, respectively, extremely viscose cellulose solutions and gels were prepared. Solutions with concentrations as high as 10% were prepared. However, the optimum conditions to effect complete cellulose solution in DMSO at 75°C were found to be 0.5% cellulose and 0.8 and 1.0% paraformaldehyde. This corresponds to a paraformaldehyde-to-cellulose molar ratio of about 10:1.
Langerhans Cells Are Not Required for Efficient Skin Graft Rejection

The mechanism of skin allograft rejection has been thought to require presentation of graft antigen by resident epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs). We have previously engineered mice that have a selective and constitutive absence of epidermal LCs. By using donor skin from these LC-deficient mice, we show that LCs are not required for rejection of major (FVB → B6) or minor (H-Y, male → female on B6 background) antigen-mismatched skin grafts. On the FVB background, where H-Y mismatched grafts are normally maintained indefinitely, grafts lacking LCs are efficiently rejected. Thus, LCs in the donor graft are required for long-term skin engraftment, which supports a regulatory role for LCs in skin graft acceptance. JID JOURNAL CLUB ARTICLE: For questions, answers, and open discussion about this article please go to http://network.nature.com/group/jidclub
The Ritual Functions of Epideictic Rhetoric: The Case of Socrates' Funeral Oration

pideictic rhetoric, says George Kennedy in an understatement, is "a form of literature which has relatively few admirers today." And the main reason for this dearth of admirers appears to be its nonpragmatic nature; unlike forensic and deliberative rhetorics, epideictic does not seem to have a viable, legitimizing purpose. J. Richard Chase, citing nineteenthcentury rhetorician Richard Volkmann and ancient commentator Syrianus, notes that the early influence of Gorgias created a need for a two-part classification of oratory: pragmatikon, the practical oratory used by Athenian citizens in the law court and assembly; and epideictikon, "the oratory of the non-citizen who was permitted to speak only at festivals or through either the written word or, as logographers, through the Athenian citizen" (p. 293). E. M. Cope describes epideictic as "inferior" to forensic and deliberative rhetorics because it is "demonstrative, showy, ostentatious, declamatory" and has "no practical purposes in view."' And Perelman and
Plant nematode communities

Abstract Most plant-parasitic nematodes live in polyspecific communities. They are abundant in most habitats. Their numbers and diversities are influenced greatly by the host and diversity of the habitats. Although populations are affected by interactions with other organisms working through the host plant, it is doubtful that there is much direct competition among plant-parasitic nematodes. Except were damage is severe as a result of parasitism, there usually is an abundance for food. Damage to plants may be additive or partly so by two or more species of nematodes.
Identifying Moderators of the Link Between Parent and Child Anxiety Sensitivity: The Roles of Gender, Positive Parenting, and Corporal Punishment

A substantial body of literature suggests that anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for the development of anxiety problems and research has now begun to examine the links between parenting, parent anxiety sensitivity and their child’s anxiety sensitivity. However, the extant literature has provided mixed findings as to whether parent anxiety sensitivity is associated with child anxiety sensitivity, with some evidence suggesting that other factors may influence the association. Theoretically, specific parenting behaviors may be important to the development of child anxiety sensitivity and also in understanding the association between parent and child anxiety sensitivity. In this study, 191 families (n = 255 children and adolescents aged 6–17 and their parents) completed measures of child anxiety sensitivity (CASI) and parenting (APQ-C), and parents completed measures of their own anxiety sensitivity (ASI) and their parenting (APQ-P). Corporal punishment was associated with child anxiety sensitivity and the child’s report of their parent’s positive parenting behaviors moderated the association between parent and child anxiety sensitivity. The child’s gender was also found to moderate the association between parent and child anxiety sensitivity, such that there was a positive association between girls’ and their parents anxiety sensitivity and a negative association in boys. The findings advance the understanding of child anxiety sensitivity by establishing a link with corporal punishment and by showing that the association between parent and child anxiety sensitivity may depend upon the parenting context and child’s gender.
Myocardial protection for neonates and infants

This report reviews developmental differences between mature and immature myocardium. These differences, which are structural, biochemical, and functional, probably explain the differences which are observed between mature and immature myocardium with respect to resistance to ischemia. Although there are some clinical reports and also laboratory reports suggesting that immature myocardium ist more susceptible to ischemic injury than mature myocardium, it is our impression at Children's Hospital, Boston, that immature myocardium is in fact more resistant to ischemia. A decrease in cardiac output is frequently seen after cardiac surgery though it per se is rarely a cause of death. Factors which exacerbate postoperative low cardiac output include mechanical factors such as distention and retraction, injury to coronary artery branches or direct injury to the myocardium with a ventriculostomy, as well as various perfusion and reperfusion factors such as pH. A recently completed prospective clinical trial at our hospital has revealed that cardiac output is consistently higher with pH stat relative to alpha stat. The ideal recipe for cardioplegia for immature myocardium remains poorly defined. The age at which the transition occurs to mature myocardium also remains to be defined in humans.
Progressive decline in insulin levels in Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome.

Mutations in the insulin receptor gene cause the severe insulin-resistant syndromes leprechaunism and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, whose metabolic features include fasting hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and extremely elevated insulin levels. Patients with Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome have a protracted course and eventually develop ketoacidosis. To determine the mechanism causing this progression and the paradoxical fasting hypoglycemia, we conducted a retrospective study in a patient with Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, who was a compound heterozygous for two missense mutations affecting the kinase domain of the insulin receptor β-subunit (I1115T and R1131W). At birth, the patient had fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. This was followed at approximately 3 yr of age by constant hyperglycemia and, at 6 yr of age, by constant ketoacidosis. Urinary organic acids during ketoacidosis resembled those of patients with type 1 diabetes. Plasma glucose levels increased (r2 = 0.31; P < 0.01), wh...
Growth and resource allocation of whitetop (Scolochloa festucacea) along a water depth gradient

Abstract The above- and below-ground growth of the prairie marsh grass whitetop, Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link, was studied along a gradient of water depth to investigate the importance of shifts in above- and below-ground biomass allocation in explaining observed patterns of above-ground biomass under different flooding regimes. In pot culture, above- and below-ground biomass values were similar between water depths of 15 cm below the soil surface (−15 cm), at the soil surface (0 cm) and 15 cm above the soil surface, but biomass declined with water depths greater than 15 cm. Whitetop allocated an increasing proporotion of total biomass to above-ground parts as water depths increased from −15 to 15 cm. In the field, above-ground biomass varied more in relation to changing water depths than below-ground biomass. Greater depth and duration of spring flooding increased both above- and below-ground biomass and relative biomass allocation to above-ground parts. The increase of total biomass that occurred with flooding was a more important influence on patterns of above-ground biomass than were shifts in relative biomass allocation.
Optical spectra of the silicon-terminated carbon chain radicals SiCnH (n = 3,4,5).

The gas-phase optical spectra of three silicon-terminated carbon chain radicals, SiC n H (n = 3 − 5), formed in a jet-cooled discharge of silane and acetylene, have been investigated by resonant two-color two-photon ionization and laser-induced fluorescence/dispersed fluorescence. Analysis of the spectra was facilitated by calculations performed using equation-of-motion coupled cluster methods. For SiC 3H and SiC 5H, the observed transitions are well-described as excitations from a 2Π ground state to a 2Σ state, in which vibronic coupling, likely involving a higher-lying Π state with a very large predicted f-value (close to unity), is persistent. The lowest 2Σ states of both species are characterized by a rare silicon triple bond, which was identified previously [T. C. Smith, H. Y. Li, D. J. Clouthier, C. T. Kingston, and A. J. Merer, J. Chem. Phys.112, 3662 (2000)] in the lowest 2Σ state of SiCH. Although a strong Π − Π transition is predicted for SiC 4H, the observed spectrum near 505 nm more likely corresponds to excitation to a relatively dark Σ state which is vibronically coupled to a nearby Π state. In contrast to the chains with an odd number of carbon atoms, which exhibit relatively sharp spectral features and lifetimes in the 10–100 ns range, SiC 4H shows intrinsically broadened spectral features consistent with a ∼100 fs lifetime, and a subsequent long-lived decay (>50 μs) which we ascribe to mixing with a nearby quartet state arising from the same electronic configuration. The spin-orbit coupling constants for both SiC 3H and SiC 5H radicals were determined to be approximately 64 cm−1, similar to that of SiCH (69.8 cm−1), suggesting that the unpaired electron in these species is localized on the silicon atom. Motivated by the new optical work, the rotational spectrum of linear SiC 3H was detected by cavity Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy in the 13–34 GHz range. Each rotational transition from the Π 3 / 2 2 ground state exhibits well-resolved Λ-doubling and hyperfine structure; the derived rotational constant of B = 2.605 GHz is in excellent agreement with our calculations.
Post 9/11 : Foreign languages between knowledge and power

This paper reviews briefly the close relationship that foreign language research has sustained with social and political power since the emergence of applied linguistics as a field of scientific inquiry and, more recently, with the demands of economic competitiveness and national security. It examines two debates that capture well the conflicting demands currently placed on foreign language researchers and educators: the demand by a global economy for both communicative and intercultural competence, and the demand by the U.S. government for speakers with 'advanced levels' of language proficiency to serve the needs of national security. It argues that applied linguistic research, in its efforts to build a theory of practice, should reflect on its own conditions of possibility and openly discuss with practitioners not only the categorization, but also the framing, of real-world problems.
Fine structure of the newt epidermis

Abstract Newt epidermis was studied by means of the light and electron microscope in order to obtain information on the differentiation products and to better understand the keratinization process in amphibia. Filaments, contained in all epidermal cells, and mucous granules, located primarily in the mid and upper regions of the tissue, are the main differentiation products of the newt epidermis. Protective horny cells are enveloped by a thickened membrane and composed of filaments and a PAS-positive matrix. Newt epidermis also contains a population of clear cells which may have an osmoregulatory function.
Research of the Calculation Method Structure System Fuzzy Reliability Based on the Fault Tree

With the gradual development of the study of mechanical structure design to system-level, When the system is too complex, the traditional method of calculating the structure of fuzzy reliability has been unable to calculate the fuzzy reliability of structural systems. This paper present a system based on fuzzy fault tree reliability calculation method to solve this problem, it expanse the application of fuzzy theory in the mechanical design. The method has been test in the calculations fuzzy reliability of torpedo shell structure.
New insights into the physical drivers of wave runup from a continuously operating terrestrial laser scanner

A dune-mounted terrestrial laser scanner was used to investigate the physical drivers of runup on an intermediate beach under a variety of wave conditions. Specifically, the laser is automated to collect hourly, simultaneous observations of beach morphology and hydrodynamics in the swash and inner surf-zone. A strong tidal signal in de-tided runup statistics is observed such that the 2% exceedence runup elevation and mean swash elevation is higher at high tide than at low tide for the same given wave conditions. This is similar to the significant incident band wave height (Hs in ) at the base of the foreshore, which also showed a similar strong tidal dependence. In fact, our results suggest that mean swash elevation and incident band swash scale well with Hs in , though correlations are slightly improved when beach foreshore slope is included in predictions of incident band swash (r2 = 0.73 vs 0.69). In contrast, the Stockdon et al., 2006 relationship, which is based on beach foreshore slope, offshore wave height, and wavelength, only explained 53% of the variance in our data even when beach slope was known. Similar to Stockdon et al., we found infragravity band swash was dependent on deep water wave height and wave length. These data suggest that increased or decreased breaking over the sandbar at low and high tides, respectively, may filter the amount of energy left in the incident band to be transferred to runup at the shoreline. The implications of this sandbar filtering are that up-to-date bathymetry or a quantification of dissipation across the surfzone is necessary to produce accurate real-time runup predictions.
Thermal and chemical modification of dentin by pulsed CO 2 laser irradiation at 9 to 11 um

Previous studies have shown that dentin can be thermally modified by pulsed CO2 laser irradiation to form a more highly mineralized tissue. The implications are important for the potential laser modification or removal of dentinal and root caries. Temperature excursions were followed after (lambda) equals 9.3, 9.6, 10.3, and 10.6 micrometers laser irradiation with pulses of 100 (Mu) s duration at irradiation intensities of 0.5 to 8 J/cm2. In addition, photoacoustic and transient reflectance measurements were used to monitor the loss of water and organics and to detect the thresholds for surface modification and tissue ablation. The surface temperatures of dentin were markedly higher than those measured on enamel for similar irradiation intensities due to the lower reflectance losses of dentin and the lower thermal diffusivity at the respective wavelengths. Hence, lower fluences are required for the thermal decomposition of dentin. Ablation typically occurred with the first few laser pulses during multiple pulse irradiation and eventually ceased after modification of dentin to a more hypermineralized tissue. The debris ejected during the initial laser pulses shielded the surface by as much as 60 percent at the low fluences employed in this study. Optical and electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy indicated that incident laser fluences of 1-2 J/cm2 at 9.3 and 9.6 micrometers produced sufficient crystalline changes in the carbonated apatite mineral in dentin for caries preventive treatments.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Commonalities in dimorphism and variability in the anthropoid pelvis, with implications for the fossil record

Abstract This study identifies commonalities in dimorphism and variability of the true pelvis in seven anthropoid species. The results are discussed in terms of selection and obstetrics, and the results are applied in an analysis of the australopithecine pelvis. Pongids and humans share a common pattern of pelvic dimorphism that is independent of obstetric relationships. The inference is that this pattern of pelvic dimorphism also characterized extinct pongids and hominids. Commonalities in pelvic variability are identified and are discussed within the context of phenotypic varability and selection intensity. The results show that circumferences of the pelvic planes are of low variability, whereas the shapes of the pelvic planes are highly variable. The inference is that selection on the true pelvis is principally associated with providing adequate potential space for the fetus, whereas pelvic shape is less important. For the measures of low variability, pelvimetrics from a single fossil specimen can be regarded as being generally representative for the species. With these results, the australopithecine pelvis is examined. Relative to estimated newborn brain size, the australopithecine pelvis was potentially more spacious than that in humans. The spacious pelvic inlet inAustralopithecus is due to a long pubis and broad sacrum. However, selection for a long pubis and broad sacrum inAustralopithecus was not related to obstetrics.
Index for measurement of synchronization of cell populations.

An index for the estimation of synchronization in a microbial population is proposed and discussed. The index is equal to the fraction of cells that divide during a measured interval in excess of the fraction that would divide during random growth in the same interval.
Generating Test Data to Distinguish Conjunctive Queries with Equalities

The widespread use of databases in software systems has increased the importance of unit testing the queries that form the interface to these databases. Mutation analysis is a powerful testing technique that has been adapted to test database queries. But each of the existing mutation approaches to testing database queries has one or more of the following shortcomings: inability to recognize equivalent mutants, inability to generate test databases automatically, or inability to mutate all aspects of a query. In this paper we address all three of these challenges by adapting results from the rich literature on query rewriting. We restrict attention to the class of conjunctive queries with equalities. In return for this restriction, we give an algorithm that recognizes equivalent mutants, generates a test database that distinguishes each nonequivalent mutant, and applies to arbitrary mutations, as long at the mutation is also a conjunctive query with equalities. The paper presents the test database generation algorithm and proves that it is sound and complete for conjunctive queries with equalities. We then illustrate the algorithm on a sample query. We evaluate mutations of the query both with the new technique and compare the results to existing mutation techniques for databases.
Modal control of traveling waves in flexible structures

This paper is concerned with the control of a traveling wave in a structure by the independent modal-space control method. It is demonstrated that the control forces tend to concentrate in the immediate vicinity of the disturbance, and there are virtually no control forces acting at any point of the structure before the arrival of the disturbance. Two numerical examples are included, one for a string in transverse vibration and one for a beam in bending. Satisfactory control was achieved in spite of the fact that only a finite number of modes was retained for control.
A Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Disease Kills Half a Million Children Annually

The study by Bellini et al. [1] in this issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases pro vides a reassuring affirmation that what previously had been only a clinical/epi demiologic observation is indeed factual: measles vaccine viruses do not cause sub acute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Bellini and colleagues have also revealed that the incidence of SSPE is much higher after natural measles than previously had been appreciated. Using sophisticated lab oratory technology that was not available when SSPE was previously reported in the United States, these investigators exam ined brain tissue specimens obtained dur ing the resurgence of measles in the United States during 1989-1991, confirmed the diagnosis of SSPE, and, by use of genotype analysis, established wild-type measles vi ruses as the responsible etiologic agents. The authors demonstrated, by use of data gathered during the measles outbreak of 1989-1991, as well as by use of data col lected during earlier outbreaks, that the true incidence of SSPE was ~7-ll cases of SSPE/100,000 cases of measles, rather than the previously cited estimate of 1 case of SSPE/100,000 cases of measles. When a live attenuated measles virus vaccine was first licensed in the United States in 1963 [2], the etiology of SSPE was unknown. It was not until 1967-1969 that measles viruses were demonstrated to
A STUDY OF THE THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCIC SERUM ON THE EXPERIMENTAL DERMAL PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN RABBITS : I. THE PRESENCE IN ANTIPNEUMOCOCCIC SERUM OF A NON-ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPEUTIC FACTOR

1. Antipneumococcic serum contains in addition to the antibodies against the various bacterial constituents, a non-antibacterial therapeutic factor. 2. The non-antibacterial factor has been separated from the antibacterial antibodies by absorption with homologous, heat-killed, virulent pneumococci. 3. The non-antibacterial factor is not type-specific; it is probably species-specific; it is not neutralized by concentrated pneumococcus broth culture filtrate. 4. The therapeutic effect of the non-antibacterial factor was demonstrated on the experimental, dermal pneumococcus infection of rabbits; this effect is demonstrable when it is administered per seor in conjunction with a certain subeffective dose of serum. 5. Evidence is presented for the assumption that the ultimate outcome of pneumococcus infection depends to a considerable extent upon this non-antibacterial factor.
Fathers' caregiving in low-income African-American and Hispanic-American families

The present study assessed fathers' and mothers' relative involvement in infant caregiving tasks in 34 low-income African–American and Hispanic–American families. Analysis showed that involvement in childcare differed as a function of the gender of the parent. Fathers spent one half the time mothers did in caregiving. However, fathers' and mothers' participation in caregiving did not vary as a function of ethnic group. African–American parents reported to have received more family support than Hispanic–American parents. Although relationships were noted between age, income, education, length of marriage, social support, and involvement in infant caregiving, these sociodemographic variables did not predict parents' participation in childcare. The results are discussed in relation to the preconceived notion that low-income, minority fathers are ‘uninvolved’. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical technique for monitoring crack growth in thin-film fracture mechanics specimens

An accurate and reliable electrical technique for continuous monitoring of crack growth in fracture specimens containing technologically relevant thin-film device structures has been developed. Both adhesive and cohesive crack growth measurements are reported using a SiO2 passivation layer and a conducting titanium film deposited on the side face of fracture specimens. Crack velocity measurements approaching 10-12 m/s were achieved, representing nearly an order of magnitude improvement over commonly used compliance-based techniques. The technique may be particularly useful for elucidating near threshold crack velocity behavior, which is important for thin-film reliability.
Unconventional helical phasing of repetitive DNA motifs reveals their relative bending contributions

A novel, multiple DNA phasing analysis is described in which three sequence motifs associated with bent DNA are clustered together in oligomers of identical base composition, but with different phasing relationships of these motifs to each other. Synthetic oligonucleotides containing different combinations of AAAAA(A), GGGCCC and GAGAG sequence motifs were ligated and analyzed by gel mobility and cyclization experiments to determine their global curvature. These assays were used to obtain relative bending contributions of the analyzed sequence motifs. The experimental results also provide a rigorous test of predictive models for DNA bending. We report, using molecular modeling, that none of the most widely used dinucleotide (nearest neighbor) models can accurately describe the conformational properties of these DNA sequences and that more complex models, at least at the trinucleotide level, are required.
Competition Between High- and Low-Accuracy Trading Platforms

This article develops a model where trading platforms compete with the fee charged for trading and the price accuracy of trades. The model has a stable equilibrium, which demonstrates how an increase in the number of traders or an increase in their desire for accuracy will increase the levels of accuracies offered by the platforms and that the levels of accuracy will become more dispersed. An increase in the cost of increasing accuracy will lower accuracy for both firms and the accuracies will become less dispersed. Additional analysis demonstrates how exogenous shifts affect the fees and profits.
Frequency-sensitive competitive learning for scalable balanced clustering on high-dimensional hyperspheres

Competitive learning mechanisms for clustering, in general, suffer from poor performance for very high-dimensional (>1000) data because of "curse of dimensionality" effects. In applications such as document clustering, it is customary to normalize the high-dimensional input vectors to unit length, and it is sometimes also desirable to obtain balanced clusters, i.e., clusters of comparable sizes. The spherical kmeans (spkmeans) algorithm, which normalizes the cluster centers as well as the inputs, has been successfully used to cluster normalized text documents in 2000+ dimensional space. Unfortunately, like regular kmeans and its soft expectation-maximization-based version, spkmeans tends to generate extremely imbalanced clusters in high-dimensional spaces when the desired number of clusters is large (tens or more). This paper first shows that the spkmeans algorithm can be derived from a certain maximum likelihood formulation using a mixture of von Mises-Fisher distributions as the generative model, and in fact, it can be considered as a batch-mode version of (normalized) competitive learning. The proposed generative model is then adapted in a principled way to yield three frequency-sensitive competitive learning variants that are applicable to static data and produced high-quality and well-balanced clusters for high-dimensional data. Like kmeans, each iteration is linear in the number of data points and in the number of clusters for all the three algorithms. A frequency-sensitive algorithm to cluster streaming data is also proposed. Experimental results on clustering of high-dimensional text data sets are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques.
Microbial electricity generation via microfluidic flow control.

Next generation battery technology is rapidly evolving to meet the demand for higher power densities and smaller footprints through novel catalysts and battery architecture. We present a µ-scale, biological fuel cell which utilizes microbial electricity generation enabled by microfluidic flow control to produce power. The new fuel cell, the smallest of its kind, with a total volume of 0.3 µL, produces scalable and controllable electrical energy from organic matter which is sustained through microbial respiration and laminar flow separation of the electrolytes. Electrical currents are dependent on specific biofilm formation on the anode, the concentration of electron donor, and a diffusion-limited flow regime. A maximum current density of 18.40 ± 3.48 mA m−2 (92 ± 17 A m−3) was produced by Geobacter sulfurreducens, and 25.42 mA m−2 (127 A m−3) by Shewanella oneidensis. The µ-scale biological fuel cell introduces the necessary small size and fuel flexibility for applications in vivo and in situ sensors which may be remotely deployed and self-powered. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2061–2069. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of simulation in semiconductor logistics

Concepts such as six sigma quality, continuous flow manufacturing (CFM), and computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) are critical components for success in manufacturing. However, there is much work involved in translating such concepts into competitive specific solutions that meet business objectives. Simulation provides an effective vehicle for defining the path from competitive concepts to real world solutions. This paper presents an overview of logistics management considerations in semiconductor manufacturing and describes the critical role of simulation in the development and implementation of an effective logistics solution.
Purine release and inhibition of synaptic transmission during hypoxia and hypoglycemia in rat hippocampal slices

Evoked synaptic potentials and purine efflux were measured simultaneously from rat hippocampal slices. Slices were exposed to hypoxia, to glucose-free medium, and to in vitro ischemia consisting of glucose-free, hypoxic medium. During exposure to hypoxia or the glucose-free condition, radiolabelled purine efflux increased and the evoked population spike declined. Synaptic potentials and purine efflux returned to baseline values after reintroduction of normoxic and normoglycemic medium. During exposure to in vitro ischemia, purine and adenosine efflux were greatly increased with the appearance of the anoxic depolarization.
Statistical Analysis of Live Load in Column Design

Influence surfaces and simple probability theory indicate the relative importance of various characteristics of live loads in an analysis of structural safety. The approximate loading model used by...
Five-Year Meteorological Data Base for the MACCS Computer Code

This report describes development of a revised Savannah River Site (SRS) meteorological data set for the MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS). This data set contains quality assured values of transport wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric stability class, and precipitation for all hours in each of the five years 1997-2001. Measurements collected from the SRS H-area meteorological tower are the primary source for these data. Substitution was used to complete the data set for the 2 percent of hours in which data from the H-tower record were missing or invalid.
Law, Ideology, and Critical Inquiry: The Case of Treatment Refusal for Incompetent Prisoners Awaiting Execution

This article critically examines the legal and psychiatric ideology underscoring the United States Supreme Court's assessment of the right to treatment refusal for incompetent prisoners awaiting execution. The article is divided into four substantive sections. First, a detailed legal analysis on executing the mentally ill is developed. This includes a review of the precedent case law: FORD v. WAINRIGHT; WASHINGTON v. HARPER; and PERRY v. LOUISIANA. Second, important theoretical background on both structural legal semiotics and legal deconstructionism is enumerated. This includes a discussion of key terms for each theory and their respective relationship to critical legal inquiry. Third, the conceptual analysis is then systematically applied to the Supreme Court's position on executing the incompetent death row prisoner. Specific attention is given to the medicolegal values embedded in such terms as "treatment" and "competency." Fourth, a reassessment of criminal mental health confinement policy is outlined. Particular attention is given to the future of theory, policy, and practice in the field.
Baited Pitfall Traps and Evaluation of Dispensing Methods for Root Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Newly Established Pine Plantations in Wisconsin

Plantation pine production in the Great Lakes region of the United States is often affected by a pine root weevil complex consisting of Hylobius pales (Herbst) and Pachylobius picivorus (Germar), which breed in dead and dying host material, and H. radicis Buchanan and H. assimilis (Miller, Benjamin & Warner), which attack and breed in healthy host tissue. Baited pitfall traps were used to assess temporal and spatial changes in weevil populations in newly planted clear-cut stands over a 2-yr period. The number of weevils breeding in dying tissue comprised the majority of total weevils trapped, but their percentage of the total declined drastically by the 2nd yr because the slash used for brood development was used or became too degraded. The number of weevils attacking healthy host tissue became more prevalent by year 2, as the volatiles emanating from the newly established seedlings became more predominant. There was a positive relationship between the number of weevils trapped in year 1 and the number of weevils trapped in year 2. A slow-release bait dispensing system was analyzed using specific synthetic compounds as baits. The synthetic α-pinene-ethanol mixture in slow-release polyethylene vials proved effective for monitoring the pine root weevil complex in recently planted clearcuts. The regional variability of weevil response to baited pitfall traps and the feasibility of using these traps to monitor pine root weevils in clearcut plantations are discussed.
Tools for Modeling Human Performance in Systems Through Green-Colored Glasses: An Army Perspective

Providing an authoritative representation of human behavior has recently been recognized as essential for modeling and simulation of system performance. Even earlier; however, the Human Research & ...
Distinguishing causes of intraspecific synchrony in population dynamics

We examined the degree and cause of intraspecific synchrony in population dynamics between 29-42 populations for each of seven mammalian species. Regions containing multiple populations with similar dynamics were identified using cluster analysis. Two explanations for the observed synchrony were evaluated, dispersal and the Moran effect, a spatially correlated density independent perturbation, such as weather, which occurs across populations. Populations synchronized by dispersal are expected to exhibit a negative relationship between synchrony and distance, while populations synchronized by a Moran effect must have a similar density-dependent structure (DDS). To distinguish between these hypotheses we used autoregressive modeling to determine the DDS of each population, and cross-correlation to estimate the degree of synchrony between populations. Dispersal alone was assumed to be responsible for synchrony in populations with a significant negative synchrony-distance (S-D) relationship and heterogeneous DDS. We assumed that a Moran effect ould have produced synchrony in populations with homogeneous DDS and non-significant S-D relationship. It was not possible to assign synchrony to a single factor in regions with a homogeneous DDS and a significant S-D relationship, and we excluded the possibility of a Moran effect in regions with heterogeneous DDS and a non-significant S-D relationship. Using these criteria, we identified dispersal as synchronizing populations within one region each of ermine, lynx, mink and red fox and in two regions of muskrat. A Moran effect may have synchronized one region of ermine, fisher, lynx, and mink, although we were unable to identify a causative factor. One lynx and one mink region showed characteristics of both dispersal and Moran-based synchrony, and 9 regions of synchrony could not be assigned to either factor. These results show that by examining the DDS and the S-D relationship we were able to determine the factors most likely responsible for synchronized population dynamics in 10 of 21 cases. Possible cases of Moran-based synchrony do not appear to be common, occurring in only 18.2% of these regions. It should also be noted that just as correlation does not imply causation, presence of homogeneous DDS does not indicate a Moran effect, only its possible occurrence.
Temporary calf removal during late lactation reduces calf performance without affecting milk production

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of temporary calf removal on milk production, cow performance, and calf performance in springcalving beef cows. Each year for 2 yr, 60 crossbred (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Simmental, and 1/4 Gelbvieh) multiparous beef cows and their calves were assigned to 1 of 5 separation treatments: 0, 4, 8, or 12 d of separation or permanent wean. Treatments were imposed on September 10. On October 18 and December 4, milk production was determined and cows were weighed and scored for body condition. Milk was sampled and analyzed for nutrient composition on September 2 and December 5. Milk production on October 18 and December 4 was not affected (P > 0.10) by temporary separation. No differences (P > 0.10) in milk nutrient composition occurred. Cow BW change from September 10 to December 4 responded in a cubic (P
Psychological and relational correlates of intimate partner violence profiles among pregnant adolescent couples.

We sought to identify relationship and individual psychological factors that related to four profiles of intimate partner violence (IPV) among pregnant adolescent couples: no IPV, male IPV victim only, female IPV victim only, mutual IPV, and how associations differ by sex. Using data from a longitudinal study of pregnant adolescents and partners (n = 291 couples), we used a multivariate profile analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance with between and within-subjects effects to compare IPV groups and sex on relationship and psychological factors. Analyses were conducted at the couple level, with IPV groups as a between-subjects couple level variable and sex as a within-subjects variable that allowed us to model and compare the outcomes of both partners while controlling for the correlated nature of the data. Analyses controlled for age, race, income, relationship duration, and gestational age. Among couples, 64% had no IPV; 23% male IPV victim only; 7% mutual IPV; 5% female IPV victim only. Relationship (F = 3.61, P © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Cromakalim and pinacidil dilate small mesenteric arteries but not small cerebral arteries

Small elevations in external K+ hyperpolarize and dilate small cerebral arteries. The hyperpolarization and dilation to K+ are blocked by barium (less than 0.1 mM). Since membrane hyperpolarization appears to be an important mechanism for dilation of these small cerebral arteries, we investigated the effects of the hyperpolarizing vasodilators, cromakalim and pinacidil, on isolated pressurized rat cerebral arteries (diameter of 158 +/- 5 microns at 50% of the systolic blood pressure). Cromakalim and pinacidil, which are potent relaxants of a variety of muscle types, were without effect on posterior cerebral arteries at concentrations that completely dilate similarly sized rat mesenteric arteries (diameter 134 +/- 6 microns at 50% of the systolic blood pressure). The mesenteric artery dilation to cromakalim and pinacidil was reversed by glibenclamide. However, unlike the cerebral arteries, mesenteric arteries did not exhibit a barium-sensitive dilation to external K+. Thus it appears that there may be differences in the types of K+ channels that are activated by dilating mechanisms in small cerebral and mesenteric arteries.
Compressive Tests of Composite Tubes at 300 K and 77 K

Glass-fiber composites, with their high strength and stiffness-to-weight ratios and low thermal conductivity, are suitable as a strut material in a superconductive energy storage magnet. An A-frame-type strut system was previously designed and built at the University of Wisconsin-Madison using glass-fiber reinforced composite plates.1 That strut system has been extensively investigated and has proved to be satisfactory. However, based on strength, thermal properties, and material and refrigeration costs, we have subsequently designed a tube-type strut system that is superior to A-frame-type composite plate structures for with-standing the large magnet stresses of 200 MPa that occur in a superconducting magnet of 5000 MWh capacity.2 The tube-type composite strut arrangement is shown in Figure 1. The mechanical requirements for such a composite tubular strut are a compressive strength exceeding 200 MPa (30 ksi) and a modulus of at least 20 GPa (3 × 106 psi).
Thou Uncracked Keel: The Many Voyages of the Whaleship Charles W. Morgan and the Presence of the American Maritime Past

Abstract Mystic Seaport Museum's Charles W. Morgan is an artifact of public history and a symbol of public memory recast to negotiate contemporary concerns from war and social crises to environmentalism. The historic whaleship is a potent vessel of memory whose changing meanings speak to the presence of the maritime past.
Abstract B17: BET inhibitors block pancreatic stellate cell collagen production and attenuate fibrosis in vivo

The fibrotic reaction, which can account for over 70% of the tumor mass, is a characteristic feature of the majority of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. It is associated with proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are key regulators of collagen production and fibrosis in vivo. In this report we show that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a member of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins, is expressed in activated PSCs in human PDAC tumors. We also show that BET inhibitors and specific targeting of BRD4, in contrast to targeting of BRD2 and BRD3, decrease collagen production by primary PSCs isolated from human PDAC tumors. While BET inhibitors do not induce apoptosis of primary PSCs or affect α-SMA expression, BET inhibitors disrupt α-SMA filament organization in stellate cells. Additionally, BET inhibitors attenuate stellate cell activation, fibrosis and collagen production in vivo in a Kras mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis. Our results demonstrate that BET inhibitors regulate fibrosis partly by modulating PSC activation and function. Citation Format: Krishan Kumar, Brian DeCant, Hattaway Z. Hattaway, Paul J. Grippo, David J. Bentrem, Kazumi Ebine, Hidayatullah G. Munshi.{Authors}. BET inhibitors block pancreatic stellate cell collagen production and attenuate fibrosis in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
Miracle surgery for foreign patients.

The arguments for performing groundbreaking surgery on foreign patients who cannot get the surgery and follow-up care in their home countries and who cannot pay for it. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Effects of electron transfer on the stability of hydrogen bonds.

The measurement of the dimerization constants of hydrogen-bonded ruthenium complexes (12, 22, 32) linked by a self-complementary pair of 4-pyridylcarboxylic acid ligands in different redox states is reported. Using a combination of FTIR and UV/vis/NIR spectroscopies, the dimerization constants (KD) of the isovalent, neutral states, 12, 22, 32, were found to range from 75 to 130 M−1 (ΔG0 = −2.56 to −2.88 kcal mol−1), while the dimerization constants (K2−) of the isovalent, doubly-reduced states, (12)2−, (22)2−, (32)2−, were found to range from 2000 to 2500 M−1 (ΔG0 = −4.5 to −4.63 kcal mol−1). From the aforementioned values and the comproportionation constant for the mixed-valent dimers, the dimerization constants (KMV) of the mixed-valent, hydrogen-bonded dimers, (12)−, (22)−, (32)−, were found to range from 0.5 × 106 to 1.2 × 106 M−1 (ΔG0 = −7.78 to −8.31 kcal mol−1). On average, the hydrogen-bonded, mixed-valent states are stabilized by −5.27 (0.04) kcal mol−1 relative to the isovalent, neutral, hydrogen-bonded dimers and −3.47 (0.06) kcal mol−1 relative to the isovalent, dianionic hydrogen bonded dimers. Electron exchange in the mixed valence states imparts significant stability to hydrogen bonding. This is the first quantitative measurement of the strength of hydrogen bonds in the presence and absence of electronic exchange.
Second Language Acquisition: A Biolinguistic Perspective

It has frequently been argued that linguistic theory can provide insight into problems of second language acquisition (Flynn, Mazurkewich. Travis. White, and others in this volume). For example, Travis notes that plausible assumptions about theoretical syntax, viz.. Verb placement taken in conjunction with the elegant experimental studies of Clahsen and Muysken (1983) and Clahsen (this volume) help reveal mechanisms of second language (L2) learning in German. Moreover, it has been claimed that information from the study of grammatical disorders can also potentially support such studies; e.g., word order data from agrammatics, also discussed in Travis. I would like to discuss another example from German that may help to investigate the first question and give several examples of other types of agrammatic disorders that have not to my knowledge been studied within a universal grammar framework, but that may be helpful in studying these problems.
Drosophila nucleostemin 3 is required to maintain larval neuroblast proliferation.

Abstract Stem cells must maintain proliferation during tissue development, repair and homeostasis, yet avoid tumor formation. In Drosophila, neural stem cells (neuroblasts) maintain proliferation during embryonic and larval development and terminate cell cycle during metamorphosis. An important question for understanding how tissues are generated and maintained is: what regulates stem cell proliferation versus differentiation? We performed a genetic screen which identified nucleostemin 3 (ns3) as a gene required to maintain neuroblast proliferation. ns3 is evolutionarily conserved with yeast and human Lsg1, which encode putative GTPases and are essential for organism growth and viability. We found NS3 is cytoplasmic and it is required to retain the cell cycle repressor Prospero in neuroblast cytoplasm via a Ran-independent pathway. NS3 is also required for proper neuroblast cell polarity and asymmetric cell division. Structure-function analysis further shows that the GTP-binding domain and acidic domain are required for NS3 function in neuroblast proliferation. We conclude NS3 has novel roles in regulating neuroblast cell polarity and proliferation.