cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Twenty-five-year experience with rastelli repair for transposition of the great arteries.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to describe the outcome of the Rastelli repair in D -transposition of the great arteries and to determine the risk factors associated with unfavorable events. Methods: From March 1973 to April 1998, 101 patients with D -transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect underwent a Rastelli type of repair. Median age and weight were 3.1 years (10th to 90th percentiles 0.3-9.9 years) and 12.8 kg (5.9-28.2). Pulmonary stenosis was present in 73 patients and pulmonary atresia in 18; 10 patients had no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Results: There were 7 early deaths (7%) and no operative deaths in the last 7 years of the study. Risk factors for early death, by univariable analysis, included straddling tricuspid valve ( P =.04) and longer aortic crossclamping times ( P =.04). At a median follow-up of 8.5 years, there were 17 late deaths and 1 patient had undergone heart transplantation. Forty-four patients had reoperations for conduit stenosis, 11 for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and 28 had interventional catheterization to relieve conduit stenosis. Nine patients had late arrhythmias, and there were 5 sudden deaths. Overall freedom from death or transplantation (Kaplan-Meier) was 82%, 80%, 68%, and 52% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. Freedom from death or reintervention (catheterization or surgical treatment) was 53%, 24%, and 21% at 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up, respectively. Conclusions: The Rastelli repair can be performed with low early mortality. However, substantial late morbidity and mortality are associated with conduit obstruction, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and arrhythmia. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:211-23)
Identification of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord of the cat

The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord of the cat have been demonstrated by retrogade changes following section of the pelvic nerve. Transection of the pelvic nerve twice, a week apart, was necessary to produce reliable signs of chromatolysis in the preganglionic neurons. Serial sections of the sacral spinal cord were made and the location of affected cells plotted. The sacral parasympathetic nucleus was located in the intermediate region of S-2 and S-3. The majority of the perikarya were located in the intermediolateral cell column, but a significant number were also found in the intermediomedial column. The distribution of afferent fibers in the pelvic nerve was demonstrated by chromatolysis in cells of the dorsal root ganglia. Retrograde changes were limited to the ganglia of S-2 and S-3 in five cats, while a few cells with chromatolysis were found also in the S-1 ganglion of four cats.
Effect of adrenalectomy and corticosteroids on distribution of radioactivity in protein of cell fractions from myocardial slices.

ADRENALECTOMY increases, and cortisone decreases' the incorporation of radioactivity from amino-acids labelled with carbon-141,2, and from amino-acid precursors3, into the protein of isolated rat diaphragm. Implicit in these observations is the possibility that the adrenal steroids alter protein biosynthesis in muscle by an effect on the intracellular protein synthesizing machinery. The experiments to be described are part of an investigation of that possibility. Because of the relative ease with which myocardium is homogenized and fractionated that tissue was selected (in preference to skeletal muscle) for this work.
Role of peroxidation in erythrocyte aging.

Abstract The role of membrane peroxidation in red cell aging was investigated by exposing rat erythrocytes to a peroxide-generating system of xanthine oxidase with hypoxanthine, and the resulting alterations were compared to those observed during in vivo aging. Erythrocyte incubation with peroxides decreased the activities of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase, enzymes which were found to be reliable markers reflecting differences between young and old cells. Membranes from age-separated erthyrocytes were solubilized and subjected to electrophoresis on gradient polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Electrophoretic patterns indicated that old erythrocytes contained higher amounts of several membrane proteins than young cells. These were proteins in bands 2.1 and 4.1, and proteins of molecular weight larger than 250 000. There was a relative increase in the amount of proteins in band 4.1 and the high molecular weight (> 250 000) proteins as a result of peroxidation. These studies demonstrate that cellsincubated in vitro with a peroxide-generating system resemble senescent erythrocytes in membrane enzyme activities, cell density, and membrane protein composition. We propose that peroxidation plays an important role in red cell aging.
Specific Gravity of Eggs and Eggshell Weight from Commercial Layers and Broiler Breeders in Relation to Time of Oviposition

Eggs were collected from 1 day of production of Hy-Line W36 commercial egg production hens 55 wk old. Also, eggs were collected from 1 day of production of Arbor Acres broiler breeder hens when they were 40 and 55 wk of age. The eggs were immediately weighed (EW) after collection and specific gravity (ESG) determined. The eggs were then broken and the contents removed. Shells were washed, air dried, and weighed. The weights of shells (ESW) were calculated using the following formulas: Broiler breeder ESW = 1.9128 x EW - 1.9741 EW/ESG and layer ESW = 1.9140 EW - 1.9754 EW/ESG. Shell density (ESD) was calculated using a modification of this formula. Egg weights of both commercial layers and broiler breeders were heaviest in the early morning. There was a steady decline in EW until 1545 h; EW increased thereafter. Specific gravity of eggs was highest in the morning, declined until 1245 h, and then increased thereafter. Shell weight was also highest in the morning, declined until 1245 h, and then increased thereafter. The calculated and measured ESW were highly correlated. The ESD was 2.147 and 2.160 for the commercial layers and broiler breeders, respectively.
Peer relationships in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid aggression

Peer relationship difficulties and peer rejection are common in youngsters with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mandating focus on assessment issues, underlying reasons for peer approval and disapproval, links with comorbid aggression, and the mediating role of sociocognitive mechanisms as well as emotion regulation strategies. With previously unfamiliar ADHD and comparison boys who attended naturalistic summer research programs, we found the following: (a) parent and teacher estimates (but not self-reports) showed moderate correspondence with peer-nominated social preference; (b) ADHD boys were more likely than their comparison peers to accept other ADHD agemates; (c) aggression and noncompliance Predominated as self-reported reasons for rejecting agemates in both ADHD and comparison groups, with Perceived similarity the chief mediator of peer acceptance; (d) the high-aggressive subgroup of ADHD boys showed markedly worse peer sociometric status than did ADHD boys without aggression, for whom social isolation was also a predictor of peer reputation; and (e) self-reported social goals of a sensation-seeking nature and observed emotional reactivity characterized high-aggressive boys with ADHD and predicted end-of-program peer disapproval. We discuss implications for normal developmental processes and for intervention efforts.
Nanosphere Lithography: Size-Tunable Silver Nanoparticle and Surface Cluster Arrays

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is an inexpensive, inherently parallel, high-throughput, and materials-general nanofabrication technique capable of producing well-ordered 2D periodic particle arrays of nanoparticles. This paper focuses on the synthesis of size-tunable silver nanoparticle arrays by nanosphere lithography and their structural characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The in-plane diameter, a, of Ag nanoparticles was tuned from 21 to 126 nm by systematic variation of the nanosphere diameter, D. Similarly, the out-of-plane height, b, was tuned from 4 to 47 nm by varying the mass thickness, dm, of the Ag overlayer. Experimental measurements of a, b, and interparticle spacing dip of many individual nanoparticles as a function of D and dm were carried out using AFM. These studies show (i) b = dm, (ii) dip accurately corresponds to predictions based on the nanosphere mask geometry, (iii) a, after correction for AFM tip convolution, is governed only by the mask geometry and the standard devi...
Influence of adsorbed molecules on the permeation properties of silicalite membranes

Gas permeation through zeolite membranes can be extremely sensitive to organics or moisture, adsorbed from feed impurities or from the atmosphere during storage, and thus, thermal pretreatment is necessary to obtain reliable permeation rates. Altered adsorption properties of the external surface and selective pore blockage might have caused the observed trends.
Thy-1 Antigen-Bearing Dendritic Cells Populate Murine Epidermis

Two distinct cell populations, melanocytes and Langerhans cells (LC), have been recognized previously to possess dendritic configuration in normal mammalian epidermis. Employing immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies against Thy-1.2 antigen to identify cells in whole mounts of murine epidermis, we have identified a third dendritic cell population which differs from both LC and melanocytes. Thy-1 antigen- bearing (Thy-1 + ) epidermal cells are primarily dendritic, although round and angular forms may be found. They are distributed relatively evenly across skin surfaces, although densities vary greatly from site to site and from strain to strain. Densities were highest in ear epidermis from the pigmented strain B10.A (580 cells/ mm 2 ), a value approaching that of epidermal LC, and were lowest in ear epidermis from the albino strain BALB/c (5 cells/mm 2 ). Thy-1 + epidermal cells possess neither Ia antigens nor substantial amounts of melanin, and their surface distributions are disparate from those of both LC and mature melanocytes. We propose that at least some of these cells are T lymphocytes whose malignant counterparts account for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
The role of task repetition in L2 performance development: What needs to be repeated during task-based interaction?

Abstract Previous task repetition studies have primarily investigated how repeating the same task affects complexity, accuracy, and fluency of language production, but whether different characteristics of task repetition have an effect on such performance measures has received little attention ( Bygate, 2001 , Patanasorn, 2010 ). The current study compared the impact of task and procedural repetition on Korean EFL learners' development of L2 performance as a result of carrying out collaborative tasks. The study employed a pretest-posttest design with a total of 36 Korean junior high school students from two intact English classes. Each class was assigned to one of two groups: task repetition or procedural repetition, and participated in a pretest, three collaborative tasks, and two posttests over a four-week period. The task repetition group repeated the same information-exchange task procedure with the same content three times, whereas the procedural repetition group repeated the same information-exchange task procedure with different content. Learners' oral production on a pretest and the two posttests were analyzed in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Results indicated that procedural repetition promoted syntactic complexity development and that both types of task repetition were beneficial for the use of task-induced linguistic features. Neither group showed any significant increase in speech rate as a result of the task repetition treatments. Implications for research and teaching on the role of different features of task repetition in task-based instruction are discussed.
An isotropic frictional theory for a granular medium with or without cohesion

Abstract A theory of de Jong [1] is modified and generalized to three dimensions. The corresponding global results are established which restrict orientations of surfaces of velocity discontinuity and surfaces separating rigid from deforming zones to principal stress directions. Previously unknown axi-symmetric and plane modes for the compression of a cylinder are found.
The many faces of systemic mastocytosis.

Objective This short review article will augment the reader's knowledge of mast cell physiology and will offer an overview of current information on the pathophysiology, heterogeneity, and treatment of human mastocystosis. Data sources and study selection Articles published since 1980, textbooks, information from computerized databases, references identified from bibliographies of relevant articles, and books published in the last 10 years. Results and conclusions Mastocytosis is a complex disease with a multitude of clinical presentations, often misdiagnosed, which can embrace characteristics of other diseases and generate a chameleon-like picture. Mast cells possess many important physiologic functions in the human body, but as a consequence of poorly understood events, they can also start a cascade of pathologic reactions. Although a great deal is known about mechanisms involved in physiologic and pathologic processes of mast cells, many areas are waiting to be explored in this millennium.
Response to 5-azacytidine in patients with refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and association with chromosome findings

Fifteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who either had a relapse after a previous complete remission (nine patients) or progressive disease after initial induction attempts with combination chemotherapy (six patients) were treated with 5-azacytidine. Five patients (33%) achieved a complete remission (CR); of these, three had a relapse and died 30, 35, and 38 weeks after 5-azacytidine therapy was begun. Two patients are still alive at 39 and 138 weeks. Chromosomes were analyzed at the time of diagnosis; ten patients had a normal karyotype and five had an abnormal karyotype. Three of the five CR patients had an abnormal karyotype initially. Two of these individuals had a translocation of chromosomal material from a No. 8 chromosome to a No. 21 chromosome, t(8;21); this particular translocation has been associated with a better prognosis than have other types of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with ANLL. Even when abnormal chromosomes are present, 5-azacytidine can induce complete remission in patients with previously treated ANLL.
The interaction between some human obstacles and birds

Some of the literature pertinent to the interactions of birds of flight and man made obstacles, such as transmission lines is reviewed here. Some birds use these towers, poles, and buildings for nesting and perches. They also collide with them. Original observations presented here suggest that the environmental impacts of these types of obstacles on birds, and vice-versa, seem not due to the inability of the birds to perceive the obstacles, but rather that the birds are apparently distracted from a safe flight pattern by their own species, or by others.
Thinking Like Researchers: An ESL Project That Investigates Local Communities

Drawing on task-based and intercultural teaching approaches, this article presents an ESL classroom project at two different university settings in which students investigate aspects of their local communities through the use of ethnographic and observational research techniques. For related reasons, the instructors at each university developed the observation project, and this article illustrates a comparison of the curriculum and projects used at the two universities through analyses of final student projects and surveys of students about their experiences completing the project. The multiple data sources point out the power of observation projects—such as the one detailed here—to teach basic language skills and foster intercultural dialogue and reflection. The article ends with a discussion of the pitfalls that the instructors encountered, including the reinforcement of preconceived stereotypes and beliefs, and it offers suggestions for implementing ethnographic and observational learning projects in a variety of settings.
Association of ABO phenotypes and body weight in a sample of Brazilian infants.

The relationship between body weight and ABO blood types was examined in a sample of infants included in a sample of Brazilian migrant families collected by N.E. Morton 30 years ago. The results, obtained by one-way analyses of variance using SPSS Release 4, indicate: (1) an excess of females (N = 85) over males (N = 56) due almost entirely to an excess of type A and type B females, (2) no significant differences in body weight by ABO blood type among the male infants, (3) differences between type A females and types O and B female infants with type A females significantly heavier (P = .009) than the other phenotypes, and (4) infant daughters, regardless of ABO phenotype, born to type A mothers are significantly heavier than infant daughters born to type B mothers (P = .016). The results are consistent with earlier work of Kircher (1963), Reed (1967), and Clausen and Hakomori (1989), and suggest that selection on the ABO system may act very early in ontogeny and may act on females and not on males. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Natural products: Beyond grind and find

Chemists are able to synthesize, and deduce the structure of, ever more complex molecules produced by nature, but what does the future hold for this venerable field, and what are the new challenges?
EFFECTS OF MATURITY AND PROCESSING VARIABLES ON HEAT PENETRATION TIMES, FIRMNESS, AND DRAINED WEIGHT OF DICED TOMATOES (HALLEY BOS 3155 CV)

The effects of harvest maturity and processing variables on heat penetration times, firmness, and drained weight of Halley Bos 3155 cv diced tomatoes were evaluated. Core and flesh tissue of green and red tomatoes were cut into cubes (1.27 or 1.91 cm per side), calcium treated, and processed at either 90.5 or 96.1 C. Water and tomato juice were used as processing and cooling mediums. Heat penetration time was determined mainly by dice size and type, while firmness was determined by dice type and calcification. Heat penetration times were faster into 1.27 cm dices. Green cores heated fastest followed by red cores, then red dices. Red cores were significantly firmer than red dice in both raw and processed samples, possibly due to greater amounts of lignin and less locular tissue. Drained weight, which averaged 75 to 88%, did not correlate to any of the maturity or processing variables. Cette etude evalue les effets de la taille des cubes, du type de tissu, du milieu de cuisson et de la temperature sur les temps de penetration de la chaleur, la fermete et le poids egoutte des tomates transformees. Les temps de penetration de la chaleur sont determines par principalement par la taille et le type de morceaux alors que la fermete est influencee par la taille et le traitement en calcium. Le poids egoutte n'est correle avec aucun des parametres du procede ni avec le stade de maturite.
Women’s oral sex behaviors and risk of partner infidelity

Pham and Shackelford (2013a) documented that men at greater risk of their partner’s infidelity reported greater interest in and spent more time performing oral sex on their partner. The current study is an extension of their study to a female sample. We recruited 200 women to investigate whether women’s oral sex behaviors are related to the risk of their partner’s infidelity. The results indicate that women at greater risk of partner infidelity did not report more interest in, or spend more time performing, oral sex on their partner. Additionally, the relationships between partner infidelity risk and interest in, and time spent, performing oral sex were greater for men than women. We discuss limitations of this research and discuss explanations for the results.
CHANGE IN THE ACID-BASE STATUS OF AN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT FOLLOWING FOREST DEFOLIATION BY THE GYPSY MOTH

Infestation by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) can alter biogeochemical conditions in affected catchments. Stream-water concentration data obtained over the period of 1980–1993 for White Oak Run, a stream in Shenandoah National Park, Va., indicate that change in catchment acid-base status is associated with forest defoliation by the moth larva. Stream-water concentration changes following defoliation included increasing concentrations of strong-acid anions, base-cations, and hydrogen ion, as well as decreasing concentrations of acid-neutralization capacity (ANC) and sulfate. The largest change was in the concentration of nitrate; annual discharge-weighted mean concentrations increased from predefoliation levels consistently less than 5 μeq L−1 to postdefoliation levels greater than 50 μeq L−1. An intensification of acidification was indicated by record-high hydrogen ion concentrations and record-low ANC concentrations. The long-term biogeochemical implications of the infestation are uncertain due to the nonlinearity of the observed responses and unknown patterns of recovery and recurrence.
The Expected Impact of IFRS Adoption on Saudi Arabia based on Lessons from other Countries: A Focus on the Telecommunication Business

Abstract Globalization of the world economies is increasing continuously. As a result, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is gaining importance day after day. Since Saudi Arabia has joined the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G-20) three years ago, hence it is expected that Saudi authorities will expand the country‟s level of adoption of the IFRS. This paper presents the early results of an on-going research related to the expected impacts of the IFRS on Saudi businesses with a particular emphasis on the telecommunication business.
Corticoids in the three zones of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) adrenal cortex

Abstract Fresh frozen adrenal glands from Egyptian camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) were obtained and grossly separated into the three cortical zones. Each one of these specimens was subjected to solvent extraction and column and paper chromatography. The chemical entities analyzed, isolated, and identified were: (1) neutral fats, (2) α-ketol steroids, (3) 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, (4) 17-ketosteroids, (5) cholesterol, (6) cortisol, (7) cortisone, (8) cortexolone, and (9) corticosterone. Aldosterone and an unknown steroid were also encountered. All constituents were present in all three zones (except for aldosterone in the zona reticularis). The zona fasciculata was found to contain the highest content of neutral fats, total cholesterol, total α-ketol steroids, total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, cortexolone, and corticosterone. The concentrations of cortisol and cortisone were comparable in both the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis; the lowest concentration was in the zona glomerulosa. The ratio of cortisol and corticosterone was found to be high (as compared with other mammals reported in the literature) in all three zones, averaging 8.9 1 . The concentration of 17-ketosteroids (androgens) was demonstrated to be highest in the zona reticularis. There was a good correlation between the abundant lipid contents seen histologically in the zona fasciculata and the chemical findings of the lipid contents from the same zone. Qualitatively and semiquantitatively this study provides a partial support for the functional zonation theory of the adrenal cortex in mammals.
The ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Test: Application to Propane with Carbonyl Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide

Carbonyl sulfide (COS), which occurs as an impurity in commercial sources of propane, can hydrolyze in the presence of water to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). All commercial and HD-5 grade propane is required to pass the copper strip corrosion test, ASTM Test Method D 1838. While it is known that hydrogen sulfide will cause the failure of the copper strip test, it is widely believed that the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide can also cause the failure of the corrosion test. We have tested gravimetrically prepared mixtures of COS and H2S in pure and commercial grade propane with a variant of the ASTM copper strip corrosion test. Minor changes to the published ASTM corrosion test were implemented for diagnostic or monitoring purposes in making the measurements. Surprisingly, mixtures containing as much as 1000 ppm (mass/mass) COS did not cause a failure of the test, even when the copper strip was in contact with the COS mixture for 2 h (double the normal contact time). Mixtures containin...
The first year and the rest of your life: movement, development and psychotherapeutic change

Ruella Frank and Frances La Barre, New York, Routledge, 2011, 178 pp, £23.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-415-87640-7 The authors of this review are psychoanalysts and psychiatrists and this review has ...
Thermal Conduction in Aligned Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Nanocomposites with High Packing Density

Nanostructured composites containing aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising as interface materials for electronic systems and thermoelectric power generators. We report the first data for the thermal conductivity of densified, aligned multiwall CNT nanocomposite films for a range of CNT volume fractions. A 1 vol % CNT composite more than doubles the thermal conductivity of the base polymer. Denser arrays (17 vol % CNTs) enhance the thermal conductivity by as much as a factor of 18 and there is a nonlinear trend with CNT volume fraction. This article discusses the impact of CNT density on thermal conduction considering boundary resistances, increased defect concentrations, and the possibility of suppressed phonon modes in the CNTs.
True and false memory for colour names versus actual colours: Support for the visual distinctiveness heuristic in memory for colour information

In a colour variation of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm, participants studied lists of words critically related to a nonstudied colour name (e.g., “blood, cherry, scarlet, rouge … ”); they later showed false memory for the critical colour name (e.g., “red”). Two additional experiments suggest that participants generate colour imagery in response to such colour-related DRM lists. First, participants claim to experience colour imagery more often following colour-related than standard non-colour-related DRM lists; they also rate their colour imagery as more vivid following colour-related lists. Second, participants exhibit facilitative priming for critical colours in a dot selection task that follows words in the colour-related DRM list, suggesting that colour-related DRM lists prime participants for the actual critical colours themselves. Despite these findings, false memory for critical colour names does not extend to the actual colours themselves (font colours). Rather than leadi...
Sensory Descriptive Texture Analyses of Cooked Rice and Its Correlation to Instrumental Parameters Using an Extrusion Cell

ABSTRACT Sensory characteristics of cooked rice texture for three cultivars were evaluated using both descriptive sensory methods and an instrumental extrusion cell. Nine sensory textural characteristics were evaluated and five instrumental parameters were used to establish predictive models for the sensory characteristics evaluated. Multiple regression models with R2 ranging from 0.22 to 0.70 were obtained for seven of nine sensory attributes studied. Sensory characteristics most effectively predicted were hardness (R2 =0.62) and toothpack (R2 =0.70). Predictive models of textural sensory characteristics of cooked rice were also evaluated using partial least square regression techniques. Best results were obtained for hardness (relative ability of prediction [RAP] = 0.52), cohesiveness of mass (RAP = 0.60), toothpull (RAP = 0.73), and toothpack (RAP = 0.54).
Vector diffraction and polarization effects in an optical disk system

The track pitch of current optical disks is comparable with the wavelength of the laser source. In this domain of the pitch-to-wavelength ratio, the complex-diffraction amplitudes are different for different incident polarization states, and the validity of the scalar diffraction theory is questionable. Furthermore, the use of multilayer coatings and high-numerical-aperture beams in modern optical disk technology inevitably entails the excitation of surface waves, which can disturb the baseball pattern significantly. To describe the interaction of a focused beam with a grooved multilayer system fully, it is necessary to have a rigorous vector theory. We use a rigorous vector theory to model the diffraction of light at the optical disk. We present the simulation and the experimental results and demonstrate the ability of this approach to predict or model accurately all essential features of beam-disk interaction, including the polarization effects and the excitation of surface waves.
Contribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to the cerebral blood flow response to hypoxemia.

Adenosine A2A receptors and ATP-activated K+ (KATP) channels contribute to part of the cerebral vasodilatory response to systemic hypoxia, but other mediators are likely involved. Epoxyeicosatrieno...
Kinetic percolation with mobile monomers and solvents as a model for gelation

We discuss the results of Monte Carlo simulations of a recent kinetic percolation model applicable to free radical initiated copolymerization of bifunctional and tetrafunctional units in the presence of a solvent. We find that the critical exponent for gelation and the critical amplitudes are unchanged by the inclusion of solvent and mobility. We also obtain relations for the dependence of the critical conversion and the maximum value of the suscepiibility on the fraction of tetrafunctional monomers, solvent concentration, and initiator concentration.
Evidence that Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles originate from neurotubules

Antiserum against normal human neurotubules purified by in-vitro assembly precipitated both neurotubules and a polypeptide isolated from Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. The antiserum specifically labelled neurofibrillary tangles, in isolated neurons by immunofluorescence and in tissue sections by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. These results indicate that neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease probably originate from neurotubules.
The incidence of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas

To review a population-controlled single institution experience with intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMTs) of the pancreas treated in the United States and generate an incidence of this recently described disease process.First decribed in 1982, mucin-secreting pancreatic cancer constituted a newly recognized category of pancreatic exocrine tumors distinct from mucinous cystic neoplasms. Since that time, several small series of IPMTs of the pancreas have been reported. Most studies come from Asia and Europe, with limited data from American institutions and no description of the incidence.The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent pancreatic resections at Madigan Army Medical Center from October 1992 through November 1999. Cases suggestive of IPMTs underwent re-examination by a staff pathologist. Clinical presentation, imaging studies, treatment, histopathology, and outcomes were reviewed for those with IPMTs. The data base of all patients eligible for care was evaluated to obtain a population denominator and determine an incidence for this neoplasm.Over 7 years, 78 patients underwent pancreatic resections. Forty-two had pancreatic neoplasms and, of those, 8 (19%) had IPMTs. The mean age was 67 years, with equal numbers of males and females. All patients were symptomatic (abdominal pain, 75%; jaundice, 25%; weight loss, 25%). Abnormal computed tomography scans were noted in 7/8 (88%) cases. Mucin was visualized during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 5/7 (71%) patients. Preoperative diagnosis of IPMT was made in 5 (62%) cases. The locations of the tumors were head (63%), tail (12%), head and body (12%), and body and tail (12%). All lesions were resectable, and procedures included 5 pancreatoduodenectomies, 2 distal pancreatectomies, and 1 total pancreatectomy. Main duct tumors were noted in 63%, whereas the remainder had both main and branch duct lesions. Tumor invasion was discovered in 2 (25%) cases. Mean follow-up was 29 months. Those without invasion were all alive (follow-up, 6 to 86 months). One patient with tumor invasion died 4 months after surgery and the other was living 20 months later. The incidence of IPMTs was 1 case/281,000 patients/year.The incidence of IPMTs of the pancreas may be higher than previously recognized. Aggressive resection is warranted based on the favorable prognosis of patients without tumor invasion.
Fast and Accurate Simulation of Strongly Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Using a Direct Forcing Immersed Boundary Method

In this paper, a direct forcing immersed boundary method is presented for the simple and efficient simulation of strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction. The previous formulation by Yang and Balaras (An embedded-boundary formulation for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows interacting with moving boundaries, J. Comput. Phys. 215 (2006) 12–40) is greatly simplified without sacrificing the overall accuracy. The fluid-structure coupling scheme of Yang et al. (A strongly-coupled, embedded-boundary method for fluid-structure interactions of elastically mounted rigid bodies, J. Fluids Struct. 24 (2008) 167–182) is also significantly expedited without altering the strong coupling property. Several cases are examined and compared with the results from the previous formulations to demonstrate the accuracy, simplicity and efficiency of the new method.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Disseminated cutaneous Pseudallescheria boydii

As increasingly aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens are used to treat malignancy, more patients will become susceptible to various opportunistic pathogens. Specifically, several fungal organisms previously viewed as relatively non-pathogenic are more frequently causing serious disease in these patients. Identification of these organisms is of paramount importance, as some are relatively resistant to standard antifungal therapies. We report a patient with disseminated cutaneous Pseudallescheria boydii, diagnosed from histopathological examination and culture of a skin biopsy specimen. Identification of the organism was achieved shortly before the patient died. Clinicians must be aware of the numerous emerging opportunistic pathogens, which may require special culture techniques for diagnosis and varied or combined modes of therapy.
Shunting inhibition does not have a divisive effect on firing rates

Shunting inhibition, a conductance increase with a reversal potential close to the resting potential of the cell, has been shown to have a divisive effect on subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. It has therefore been assumed to have the same divisive effect on firing rates. We show that shunting inhibition actually has a subtractive effecton the firing rate in most circumstances. Averaged over several interspike intervals, the spiking mechanism effectively clamps the somatic membrane potential to a value significantly above the resting potential, so that the current through the shunting conductance is approximately independent of the firing rate. This leads to a subtractive rather than a divisive effect. In addition, at distal synapses, shunting inhibition will also have an approximately subtractive effect if the excitatory conductance is not small compared to the inhibitory conductance. Therefore regulating a cell's passive membrane conductance—for instance, via massive feedback—is not an adequate mechanism for normalizing or scaling its output.
Sensitivity analysis of the Eisenberg-Noe model of contagion

We use linear programming to provide a sensitivity analysis of Eisenberg and Noe's one-period model of contagion via direct bilateral links. We provide a formula for the sensitivities of clearing payments and the terminal wealth of each node to initial wealth of each node.
Operational experience in the recovery of tritium from TFTR plasma exhaust gases by cryogenic distillation

This paper discusses the experience gained in operating a cryogenic distillation system as an integral part of the TFTR fuel cycle, and the system's overall performance. The theoretical performance of the cryodistillation system was modelled by Ontario Hydro with a proprietary process simulation program intended for use with hydrogen isotope processing systems.
Population based study of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans

Abstract Objectives: To examine any association between social, productive, and physical activity and 13 year survival in older people. Design: Prospective cohort study with annual mortality follow up. Activity and other measures were assessed by structured interviews at baseline in the participants9 homes Proportional hazards models were used to model survival from time of initial interview. Setting: City of New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Participants: 2761 men and women from a random population sample of 2812 people aged 65 and older. Main outcome measure: Mortality from all causes during 13 years of follow up. Results: All three types of activity were independently associated with survival after age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, income, body mass index, smoking, functional disability, and history of cancer, diabetes, stroke, and myocardial infarction were controlled for. Conclusions: Social and productive activities that involve little or no enhancement of fitness lower the risk of all cause mortality as much as fitness activities do. This suggests that in addition to increased cardiopulmonary fitness, activity may confer survival benefits through psychosocial pathways. Social and productive activities that require less physical exertion may complement exercise programmes and may constitute alternative interventions for frail elderly people. Key messages Little is known about predictors of survival among elderly people Physical activity is clearly good for health, but the potential benefits of social activities have not been studied Social and productive activities are as effective as fitness activities in lowering the risk of death Enhanced social activities may help to increase the quality and length of life
Ultrastructural Evaluation of Semen to Assess Effects of Exposure to Toxicants

Conventional light microscopic evaluation of a semen ejaculate does not fully utilize potential indicators of functional impairment in sperm organelles. The technique described here facilitates critical evaluation of morphological features of spermatozoal organelles at an ultrastructural level and helps identify vulnerable targets. Compared with a battery of sperm function assays employed in andrology clinics, this relatively less expensive technique efficiently uses semen as biopsy material and thus serves as a comprehensive means to assess the impact of toxicants on the male reproductive system.
Early retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction is concomitant with hyperglycemia in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

In the diabetic retina, cellular changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurons occur before vision loss or diabetic retinopathy can be identified clinically. The precise etiologies of...
Report of committee on median versus arithmetical average

In the last session of the meetings of the Section of Hydrology of the American Geophysical Union in Seattle in June, 1940, a resolution recommending that “the expression of normals of precipitation in future hydrologic studies be defined by the median instead of the arithmetical average” was presented. It was moved, seconded, and passed that the resolution be referred to a committee appointed by Chairman J. C. Stevens, composed of P. E. Church (Chairman), Edward L. Wells, and H. P. Boardman. [See p. 1053, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 1940.] The Committee then weighed both the advantages and disadvantages of the median and the arithmetical average and in so doing numerous arguments, both favorable and unfavorable, were brought out.
A Tribute to George E. Schreiner

Dr. George E. Schreiner died on April 12, 2012, at the age of 89. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the “Founding Fathers” of our specialty. Those who knew George would, I’m sure, attest that he was truly a “larger than life” personality. Therefore, it is an honor for me to be asked
A comprehensive ecological land classification for Utah's West Desert

Land managers and scientists need context in which to interpolate between or extrapolate beyond discrete field points in space and time. Ecological classification of land (ECL) is one way by which these relationships can be made. Until regional issues emerged and calls were made for ecosystem management (EM), each land management institution chose its own ECLs. The need for economic efficiency and the increasing availability of geographic information systems (GIS) compel the creation of a national ECL so that communication across ownership boundaries can occur. ECOMAP, an 8-level, top-down, nested, hierarchical, multivariable approach designed to solve this problem has been endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee. While the coarsest, upper 4 levels of ECOMAP have been produced for the entire U.S., the task of completing the 4 finer-grained levels has been left to local practitioners. We tried to apply the suggestions of ECOMAP for completing an ECL for a 4.5-million-hectare area centered in western Utah. Due to the lack of complete and consistent sets of spatial databases suggested as necessary by ECOMAP for completing the ECL for this area, we developed alternatives to complete the ECL using extant information. We stressed 1 dominant landscape feature per hierarchical level, using repeatable protocols to identify landscape units. We added 2 additional levels below the 8 suggested by ECOMAP. Ecological sites (ESs), the 9th level, are designed to overcome the nestedness of ECOMAP that we found prevented us from using important data on ESs already available from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Vegetation stands (VSs), the 10th and finest-grain level, are subdivisions of individual polygons of ESs based on differences in disturbance histories that have led to differing current vegetation structure and composition. The ECL we created should help federal, state, and private land managers in western Utah more easily communicate about issues that cross ownership boundaries.
Abstract LB-118: ChIP-seq based identification of genes regulated by a pancreatic β-cell differentiation factor, Hlxb9, that is dysregulated in β-cell tumors.

The homeobox transcription factor Hlxb9 controls pancreatic β-cell differentiation during the early and late stages of endocrine pancreas development. Recently, increased expression of Hlxb9 was observed in β-cell tumors associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a tumor syndrome caused by germline mutation in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene encoding menin. In MIN6 cells, a mouse pancreatic β-cell line, overexpression of Hlxb9 has been shown to cause apoptosis in a menin-dependent manner. Although Hlxb9 is known to act as a transcriptional repressor, its DNA-binding site at its target genes in pancreatic β-cells has not been elucidated. To identify targets of Hlxb9 and genomic binding sites in β-cells (MIN6 cells) we used chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) followed by bioinformatics analysis of the ChIP-seq data. The Hlxb9 specific ChIP-seq libraries and corresponding input controls were sequenced on the Illumina Hi Seq 2000. The ChIP-seq reads were subjected to peak calling tools, and upon stringent filtering 2569 peaks were obtained. After assigning chromosomal positions to the peaks, 24 statistically significant (FDR-P de novo using the Genomatix Genome Analyzer suite that appeared to be common in most of the targets (Re-value: 1.88). Further analysis revealed that this motif was similar to binding sequences of the following proteins: Tcfe2a (involved in brain development) , Ascl2 (involved in nervous system) , REI1 (involved in mitotic signal network) , ZFp691 (zinc finger protein) , myf (involved in mitosis), and Bcl6b (involved in apoptosis). Gene Ontology analysis of the identified targets showed that 18.3% were associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, 27.3% with cell proliferation, 54.5% were involved in cellular response to stimulus, 13.6% in MAPK cascade and 31.8% in negative regulation of biological processes. Our genome-wide analysis of Hlxb9 target genes demonstrates the presence of a potential Hlxb9-binding site in target genes associated with important processes relevant for cellular differentiation and neoplasia. Further studies investigating these targets for menin-dependent and menin-independent actions of Hlxb9 will provide insights into the role of menin-Hlxb9 interaction in normal physiology and in the development of pancreatic β-cell tumors. Citation Format: Shruti S. Desai, Sita D. Modali, Weiping Chen, Vaishali I. Parekh, Sunita K. Agarwal. ChIP-seq based identification of genes regulated by a pancreatic β-cell differentiation factor, Hlxb9, that is dysregulated in β-cell tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-118. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-118
Were U.S. Banks Exposed to the Greek Debt Crisis? Evidence from Greek CDS Spreads

This study provides an empirical analysis of the impact of the Greek debt crisis on stock returns of U.S. commercial banks. We find that good (bad) news events pertaining to the Greek debt crisis, identified by large changes in the Greek CDS spread, produce insignificant positive (negative) abnormal stock returns. While banks were exposed to Greek debt, their exposure was such that it did not result in any abnormal fluctuations in bank values at the height of the crisis. When we measure the sensitivity of bank returns to changes in the Greek CDS spread in an effort to measure banks’ exposure to the crisis, we find that changes in the Greek CDS spread provide no additional explanatory power for bank returns beyond what a U.S. market index does. Finally, we find no bank characteristic that allows us to consistently predict the effect of the Greek crisis on specific banks.
Leukocyte Differential Analyzers: Pattern Recognition vs Flow Cytometry

Pattern recognition and histochemical-based flow cytometry, two of thecurrent technologiesutilized in automated leukocyte differential counting,were compared by analyzing data derivedfrom 300 samples run in parallel on the Hematrak 590a and the Hemalog D90b. The systems quantified mature granulocytes and lymphocytes at an acceptable level of correlation (r>.8). Parameters unique to the D90, however, namely high peroxidase (HPX) and large unclassified (LUC) cells, correlated poorly with their purported morphologic counterparts, band neutrophils, atypical lymphocytes, and blast cells. Flow cytometry-based differential counters offer speed, precision, and unique cytochemical information relative to various cell populations. Pattern recognition systems are capable of detecting morphologically abnormal cells. The limitations and advantages of both systems preclude a clear-cut judgment of superiority. The choice of which system to select is best influenced by its clinical application.
Spiritual Coping and Well-Functioning among Psychologists:

The work of psychologists can be stressful and demanding, which calls for an understanding of how psychologists cope with the stress of their work and how they prevent distress by establishing habi...