cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Electronic Devices Based On Electrooptical Behavior Of Heme-Like Molecules

This paper discusses application of the electrically modulated and unusually strong Raman emitted light produced by an adsorbed monolayer of phthalocyanine molecules on silver electrode or silver bromide substrates and on neural membranes. The analysis of electronic energy levels in semiconducting silver bromide and the adsorbed phthalocyanine molecules suggests a lasing mechanism as a possible origin of the high enhancement factor in surface enhanced Raman scattering. Electrically modulated Raman scattering may be used as a carrier of information which is drawn fran the fast intramolecular electron transfer aN,the multiplicity of quantum wells in phthalocyanine molecules. Fast switching times on the order of 10-13 seconds have been measured at room temperature. Multilevel and multioutput optical signals have also been obtained fran such an electrically modulated adsorbed monolayer of phthalocyanine molecules which can be precisely addressed and interrogated. This may be of practical use to develop Nlecular electronic devices with high density memory and fast parallel processing systems with a typical 1020 gate Hz/cm2 capacity at room temperature for use in optical computers. The paper also discusses the electrooptical modulation of Raman signals obtained from adsorbed bio-compatible phthalocyanine molecules on nerve membranes. This optical probe of neural systems can be used in studies of complex information processing in neural nets and provides a possible method for interfacing natural and man-made information processing devices.
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, facilitates NF-κB binding in hepatocytes and protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury

Background/Aims Our previous work suggested an important role for the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, in hepatic NF- κ B activation and liver injury during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we sought to determine the function of Pin1 in the injury response to hepatic I/R. Methods Wild-type and Pin1−/− mice were subjected to partial hepatic I/R. In addition, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated from these mice. Results Pin1−/− mice had reduced hepatic NF- κ B activation and more liver injury after I/R than wild-type mice. The increased injury was not a result of enhanced inflammation as Pin1−/− mice had the same level of proinflammatory cytokine production and less neutrophil accumulation in the liver. The reduced NF- κ B activation was not a result of a defect in nuclear translocation of NF- κ B. In fact, hepatic nuclear p65 protein expression was higher in Pin1−/− mice than wild-type mice. This suggests that Pin1 is important for NF- κ B–DNA binding. This effect was specific to hepatocytes as isolated Kupffer cells from wild-type and Pin1−/− mice were identical in their activation of NF- κ B and production of cytokines after stimulation. In contrast, hepatocytes stimulated with TNFα had greatly reduced NF- κ B activation, reduced production of the CXC chemokine, MIP-2, and increased cell death. Conclusions These data suggest that Pin1 is a critical regulator of NF- κ B activation in hepatocytes and its role in these cells appears to confer direct protective effects.
Production of Ethanol from Biomass

Description de la production d'ethanol a partir de dechets lignocellulosiques. Presentation d'une hydrolyse en 2 etapes suivie par une fermentation de l'hydrolysat. Etude de l'interet economique du processus et examen des ameliorations qui pourraient lui etre apportees
Non-unitary classification of molecular electronic structures and other atom clusters

Molecules or reacting assemblies of an isomeric set of atoms become related to each other regardless of any spatial symmetry by the principle of linear covariance and the valency dyad field introduced in two previous papers by the author. Crucial electronic indices characterize certain equivalence classes into which molecules get classified under transformations which are in general non-unitary.
Reduction of Radiation Doses in Cardiac Imaging, Part I: Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Procedures

Fluoroscopically guided minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures constitute an essential component of the contemporary practice in medicine. Such procedures are however associated with radiation exposure and its attendant hazards. Given the exponential increase in both the type and number of various cardiovascular procedures over the past few decades, radiation exposure has become a critical parameter mandating periodic evaluation. Although existent data indicate variable but nominal radiation doses associated with cardiovascular interventions, the radiation risk may be significant in certain patient populations and the operators who perform numerous procedures annually. Awareness regarding radiation doses and exposure delivered to both patients as well as operators during interventional procedures is therefore imperative. In this article, we review the current literature regarding radiation exposure, its potential hazards, and the ways to reduce the radiation dose in the current practice of cardiovascular medicine.
Goldrush: A new high quality russet-skinned potato cultivar

On March 1, 1992, the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station announced the release of a new russet potato cultivar named Goldrush. Goldrush is an oblong, smooth, russet-skinned potato cultivar that has very white flesh, good culinary quality, resistance to hollow heart and is adapted for both the fresh and processing market.
Shoreline Permit Simplification

A complex array of laws, regulations and procedures at several levels of government has contributed to substantial jurisdictional overlap, duplication of effort and inconsistency in the shoreline permit decision process, a process which has evolved over the past several decades. Passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 introduced several new Federal advisory agencies into the process and subsequent events greatly increased the geographic scope of Federal jurisdiction. Public dissatisfaction with inordinate delays experienced in the 1973-1976 time frame, led Virginia to develop streamlined procedures that have created the illusion of a "one-stop" permit process. This paper examines several alternatives for further streamlining, elimination of jurisdictional overlap and the maximum utilization of diminishing personnel resources.
Psychophysical assessments of image-sensor fused imagery.

The goal of this study was to determine the perceptual advantages of multiband sensor-fused (achromatic and chromatic) imagery over conventional single-band nighttime (image-intensified and infrared) imagery for a wide range of visual tasks, including detection, orientation, and scene recognition. Participants were 151 active-duty military observers whose reaction time and accuracy scores were recorded during a visual search task. Data indicate that sensor fusion did not improve performance relative to that obtained with single-band imagery on a target detection task but did facilitate object recognition, judgments of spatial orientation, and scene recognition. Observers' recognition and orientation judgments were improved by the emergent information within the image-fused imagery (i.e., combining dominant information from two or more sensors into a single displayed image). Actual or potential applications of this research include the deployment of image-sensor fused systems for automobile, aviation, and maritime displays to increase operators' visual processing during low-light conditions.
On the Scattering of Protons in Hydrogen

Results of the recent proton-proton scattering experiments at the University of Minnesota in which measurements were made at angles in the laboratory system from 8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} using incident proton energies of from 2.4 to 3.5 Mev, are used to calculate phase shifts for the interaction. $S$-wave scattering is found which agrees with previous work in corresponding to the potential of an attractive rectangular well of radius ${\mathrm{e}}^{2}$/${\mathrm{mc}}^{2}$ and depth 10.5 Mev, or to a Yukawa-type potential with a meson of mass in the neighborhood of 300 electron masses. An anomaly which remains at the smaller angles is not removed by a careful treatment of the geometry of the scattering chamber, but is tentatively accounted for with a combination of repulsive $p$-wave scattering and a systematic experimental error of approximately one percent. The $p$-wave phase shifts are several times larger than those expected from a repulsive rectangular well of the same dimensions as the well for the $s$-wave scattering.
Reduced O-glycosylated clathrin assembly protein AP180: implication for synaptic vesicle recycling dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Synapse loss is one of the neuropathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may play a crucial role in the mechanism of its distinct cognitive impairment and dementia. In a previous study [18], a significant reduction of O-glycosylated clathrin assembly protein AP180 was observed in neocortex of AD. The reduction correlated with the density of neurofibrillary tangles. In this study we further determine that the O-GlcNAc/AP180 ratio is not changed, but the level of AP180 protein decreases in AD. Furthermore, whereas the level of neurofilament (NF-M) remains relatively unchanged, another clathrin assembly protein, AP-2, is also reduced in AD along with a small loss of synaptophysin. Our findings suggest that synaptic vesicle recycling dysfunction may be involved in the pathology of synapse loss in AD.
The effects of hypoxia on blood pH and lactate levels in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man)

Abstract 1. 1. Macrobrachium blood pH increases from 7.40 to 7.81 between 80 and 40 torr due to a hyperventilatory response. This change in pH helps to sustain a substantial level of oxygen transport at 40 torr via the Bohr effect. 2. 2. At 15 torr, blood pH decreases to 7.34 and lactate accumulates. 3. 3. At normoxia, blood lactate measures 0.31 ± 0.08 mM/l blood, and after 2 and 6hr exposure to 40 torr increases to 0.98 ± 0.05 and 0.60 ± 0.05 mM/l blood, respectively. 4. 4. When animals are placed at 15 torr for 2hr, blood lactate levels increase to 12 ± 0.55 mM/l blood, and upon return to normoxic conditions, blood lactate levels are comparable to normoxic controls within 3 hr.
A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of Hydrodynamics for an Air-Water External Loop Airlift Reactor

The external loop airlift reactor (ELALR) is a modified bubble column reactor that is composed of two vertical columns that are interconnected with two horizontal tubes and is often preferred over traditional bubble column reactors because they can operate over a wider range of conditions. In the present work, the gas-liquid flow dynamics in an ELALR was simulated using an Eulerian―Eulerian ensemble-averaging method in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were compared to experimental measurements from a 10.2 cm diameter ELALR for superficial gas velocities ranging from 1 cm/s to 20 cm/s. The effect of specifying a mean bubble diameter to represent the gas phase in the CFD modeling was investigated, and 2D and 3D simulations were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The ELALR flow regimes were compared for the reactor operating in bubble column, closed vent, and open vent modes, and the 2D simulations qualitatively predicted the behavior of bubble growth in the downcomer. However, it was found that 3D simulations were necessary to capture the physics of the ELALR for gas holdup, bulk density differences, and riser superficial liquid velocity.
Computer aided design of unit loads

Abstract The unit load design problem includes the selection of the best pallet or container size, the best pallet or container layout, and the best number of parta per pallet or container. Three different approaches to solve the unit load design problem are identified in this paper and a new procedure is proposed: Computer Aided Design of Unit Loads (CADUL I). Using CADUL I, unit loads are designed considering system constraints (i.e., rack opening dimensions, aisle width, trailer-truck container dimensions, product crushability constraints, material handling equipment stacking capability and weight capacity) and a cost function that includes handling, storage, transportation, and pallet or container costs. An example is used to illustrate how CADUL I works and how these approaches to unit load design perform sensitivity analysis to validate the results obtained.
Advances in high repetition rate table-top soft x-ray lasers

We discuss recent advances in the development of high repetition rate table-soft soft x-ray lasers resulting from research conducted at Colorado State University. Advancing saturated table-top lasers to shorter wavelengths we report the operation of gain-saturated sub-10 nm table-top lasers at 1 Hz repetition rate. We also present experimental results that show that injection-seeding of solid-target soft x-ray plasma amplifiers reduces the far field divergence by an order of magnitude and to allow for control of the far-field beam characteristics by tailoring the divergence of the seed. We finally discuss progress towards the development of high repetition rate compact all-diode-pumped soft x-ray lasers. We have operated the front end of the diode-pumped soft-ray laser driver at 100Hz repetition rate, obtaining sub-5 ps optical laser pulses of 100 mJ energy.
Association between the N-terminally truncated (ΔN) p63α (ΔNp63α) isoform and debulking status, VEGF expression and progression-free survival in previously untreated, advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study ☆

Abstract Objectives The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) examined the association between the relative expression of the ΔNp63α isoform and clinicopathologic variables, p53 status, angiogenic markers, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods Immunoblot analysis was used to determine the relative expression of ΔNp63α to β-actin in lysates of frozen primary tumor from women with previously untreated, advanced stage EOC who participated in a GOG specimen banking protocol and a randomized phase III treatment protocol. Results ΔNp63α was detected in 49/56 (87.5%) cases with relative expression ranging from 0 to 4.55 (median=0.325). A correlation was observed between the relative expression of ΔNp63α and debulking status (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.303; p =0.025) and the relative expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.303; p =0.045), but not with p53 status (overexpression or mutation), immunoblot expression of MASPIN, or the relative expression of thrombospondin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor or VEGF receptor-1. A 1.4-fold increase was observed in the risk of disease progression for each unit increase in the relative expression of ΔNp63α using an unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR]=1.459; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.096–1.942; p =0.010), a full (HR=1.483; 95% CI=1.060–2.076; p =0.021) and a reduced (HR=1.387; 95% CI=1.025–1.877; p =0.034) Cox regression model. The relative expression of ΔNp63α was not associated with OS using an unadjusted, a full or a reduced Cox model. Conclusions The relative expression ΔNp63α appears to be associated with debulking status and the relative expression of VEGF and PFS, and to be an independent prognostic factor for disease progression in EOC.
Determination of wavelength-averaged, near UV quantum yields for environmental chemicals

Abstract The present study describes a procedure for determination of an average quantum yield for the wavelength range of 310 to 410 nm. Solutions of the pollutant in sealed Pyrex tubes are irradiated in a Rayonet photoreactor fitted with fluorescent lamps emitting maximally at 355 nm. The integrated spectral overlap and the photolysis half-life for both the chemical actinometer and the pollutant are determined and from these data the quantum yield is calculated. The method has been evaluated by measuring quantum yields for organophosphorus, chlorinated hydrocarbon, and dinitroaniline pesticides and p -nitroanisole/pyridine mixtures. Corrected quantum yields are obtained on simultaneous irradiation of the trifluralin actinometer.
The role of nitric oxide (NO·) in the carcinogenic process

The inflammatory process has long been known to be a risk factor for human cancers, particularly of the lung, bladder, colon, stomach, and female breast. Earlier hypothesis cited production of oxygen radicals, release of cytokines, and synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes as biochemical modulators of the carcinogenic process. The discovery of NO. as a product of cells in the immune system has implicated this chemical in the mechanism of carcinogenesis, particularly when NO. is overproduced over a long period of time. After briefly reviewing the important chemical reactions of NO. under physiological conditions, we examine how the chemistry of its key reactants toward biologically important molecules relate to DNA damage and cytotoxicity. In these two processes, NO may play an important role in currently accepted models of multistage carcinogenesis.
Kinetic study of nucleophilic addition to the cycloheptatriene ring in [(C7H8)Fe(Cp)]PF6

Abstract Tri-n-butylphosphine, tri-n-butylphosphite, and imidazole add to the cycloheptatriene ring in (C 7 H 8 )FeCp) + (I) to give cycloheptadienyl adducts (II). The second order rate constants ( M −1 s −1 ) in acetone at 25°C are: P(OBu) 3 , 0.50; PBu 3 , 2250; HIm, 67. The relative nucleophilic reactivities are the same as that found with other coordinated cyclic π-hydrocarbons and with free carbocations. This further supports the recent suggestion [1] that a Ritchie type correlation holds for attack on all complexes of the form (ring)ML n . The Fe(Cp) + moiety is 11,000 times weaker than Mn(CO) 3 + in activating coordinated cycloheptatriene. NaBH 4 , MeLi, and NaCH(CO 2 Et) 2 also add to the ring in I, indicating that I may have synthetic utility.
Efficient electrooptic modulator in InGaAlAs/InP optical waveguides

A single heterostructure InGaAlAs/InP phase modulator utilizing the quadratic electrooptic effect (QEO) is reported for the first time. The calculated value of the QEO coefficient from the measurements is 3.7*10/sup -19/ m/sup 2//V/sup 2/ at 80 meV below the band edge. In addition, the linear electrooptic effect (LEO) coefficient is estimated to be 1.2*10/sup -12/ m/V, which is comparable to that of GaAs. The propagation loss of a single mode ridge waveguide is in the range of 1.5-1.7 dB/cm, which is better than the previously reported value in this material system. The measured single mode phase shifts are 5.5 and 2.8 degrees /V mm for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. These values are the largest reported so far in an InGaAlAs system. >
Strategies for the phase editing of relayed responses in 2D HMQC-TOCSY spectra

An NMR technique for the determination of proton vicinal couplings relayed at the carbon chemical shift is presented. With this technique, which is an extension of DEPT-HMQC-TOCSY, it is possible to generate phaseedited 2D NMR data in which the 1H13C relayed responses differ in phase as a function of the proton multiplicity of the carbon from whose proton(s) the response originates. A simple pulse scheme is presented to allow further simplification of the spectrum by eliminating the direct 1H13C correlations. Thus, responses arising from methines or methyls will be of opposite phase from responses originating from methylenes; direct correlations are eliminated to minimize congestion. An example is presented with the cardiac drug digoxin.
High entropy ESS

The author investigates factors which affect entropy in the managerial activities of communicating, scanning, and delegating, and suggests ways that executive support systems (ESS) can ameliorate this entropy. These three activities are similar in that they require the transfer via abbreviated messages of information representing a much larger body of knowledge. Prior research has shown this to be among the central activities of corporate executives. In the current research, models of representation from semiotics are invoked, and applied to the construction of an upper bound for the entropy reduction arising from the conduct of these activities. Implications of the results are discussed for computer-based executive support systems. >
Monte-Carlo inversion for a global shear-velocity model of the crust and upper mantle

SUMMARY We describe a method to invert surface wave dispersion data for a model of shear velocities with uncertainties in the crust and uppermost mantle. The inversion is a multistep process, constrained by a priori information, that culminates in a Markov-chain Monte-Carlo sampling of model space to yield an ensemble of acceptable models at each spatial node. The model is radially anisotropic in the uppermost mantle to an average depth of about 200 km and is isotropic elsewhere. The method is applied on a 2 ◦ × 2 ◦ grid globally to a large data set of fundamental mode surface wave group and phase velocities (Rayleigh group velocity, 16‐200 s; Love group velocity, 16‐150 s; Rayleigh and Love phase velocity, 40‐150 s). The middle of the ensemble (Median Model) defines the estimated model and the half-width of the corridor of models provides the uncertainty estimate. Uncertainty estimates allow the identification of the robust features of the model which, typically, persist only to depths of ∼250 km. We refer to the features that appear in every member of the ensemble of acceptable models as ‘persistent’. Persistent features include sharper images of the variation of oceanic lithosphere and asthenosphere with age, continental roots, extensional tectonic features in the upper mantle, the shallow parts of subducted lithosphere, and improved resolution of radial anisotropy. In particular, we find no compelling evidence for ‘negative anisotropy’ (vsv >v sh) anywhere in the world’s lithosphere.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Candida albicans Interactions: Localization and Fungal Toxicity of a Phenazine Derivative

Phenazines are redox-active small molecules that play significant roles in the interactions between pseudomonads and diverse eukaryotes, including fungi. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were cocultured on solid medium, a red pigmentation developed that was dependent on P. aeruginosa phenazine biosynthetic genes. Through a genetic screen in combination with biochemical experiments, it was found that a P. aeruginosa-produced precursor to pyocyanin, proposed to be 5-methyl-phenazinium-1-carboxylate (5MPCA), was necessary for the formation of the red pigmentation. The 5MPCA-derived pigment was found to accumulate exclusively within fungal cells, where it retained the ability to be reversibly oxidized and reduced, and its detection correlated with decreased fungal viability. Pyocyanin was not required for pigment formation or fungal killing. Spectral analyses showed that the partially purified pigment from within the fungus differed from aeruginosins A and B, two red phenazine derivatives formed late in P. aeruginosa cultures. The red pigment isolated from C. albicans that had been cocultured with P. aeruginosa was heterogeneous and difficult to release from fungal cells, suggesting its modification within the fungus. These findings suggest that intracellular targeting of some phenazines may contribute to their toxicity and that this strategy could be useful in developing new antifungals.
Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Progress Report

The number of children and adolescents in the United States infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to rise at an alarming rate. Since the start of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, more than 4000 children and nearly 1000 adolescents with AIDS have been identified. In addition, there are more than 9000 young adults, 20 to 24 years of age, with AIDS who certainly acquired their infections during adolescence. Moreover, AIDS represents only one portion of the spectrum of disease resulting from infection with HIV; at least an additional 10 000 children in the United States are infected with HIV but do not yet carry an AIDS diagnosis. The HIV epidemic among children is spreading from large urban centers to include smaller cities and rural areas, particularly in the southeastern United States. This changing pattern of AIDS in children mirrors changes in the pattern of AIDS in women.
Ordinary chondrite metallography: Part 1. Fe-Ni taenite cooling experiments

Cooling rate experiments were performed on P-free Fe-Ni alloys that are compositionally similar to ordinary chondrite metal to study the taenite → taenite + kamacite reaction. The role of taenite grain boundaries and the effect of adding Co and S to Fe-Ni alloys were investigated. In P-free alloys, kamacite nucleates at taenite/taenite grain boundaries, taenite triple junctions, and taenite grain corners. Grain boundary diffusion enables growth of kamacite grain boundary precipitates into one of the parent taenite grains. Likely, grain boundary nucleation and grain boundary diffusion are the applicable mechanisms for the development of the microstructure of much of the metal in ordinary chondrites. No intragranular (matrix) kamacite precipitates are observed in P-free Fe-Ni alloys. The absence of intragranular kamacite indicates that P-free, monocrystalline taenite particles will transform to martensite upon cooling. This transformation process could explain the metallography of zoneless plessite particles observed in H and L chondrites. In P-bearing Fe-Ni alloys and iron meteorites, kamacite precipitates can nucleate both on taenite grain boundaries and intragranularly as Widmanstatten kamacite plates. Therefore, P-free chondritic metal and P-bearing iron meteorite/ pallasite metal are controlled by different chemical systems and different types of taenite transformation processes.
Integrated Microfluidic Photonic Circuits

We report on the development of a polymer-based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip flow cytometer system integrating microfluidics with two-dimensional fluid-filled polymer-based lenses to enable the multi-parameter detection characteristic of benchtop flow cytometers.
Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma after radio frequency ablation of the primary tumor: An in situ tumor vaccine?

Spontaneous regression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare event. To our knowledge this is the first case in the literature of spontaneous regression of biopsy documented pulmonary metastases from RCC after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the primary tumor. CASE REPORT A 56-year-old man presented elsewhere with painless gross hematuria. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) demonstrate da5c menhancing left renal mass, for which the patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Pathological examination revealed a conventional type (clear cell) Fuhrman grade II RCC extending into the perinephric fat, with negative margins of resection and no adrenal involvement. The patient remained without evidence of disease until 7 years later, when right flank pain and hematuria developed. Physical examination and laboratory studies were remarkable for a serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/dl (normal 0.8 to 1.5). Cystoscopy was negative, and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showe da6c mirregular enhancing right upper pole renal mass without abdominal metastases or venous invasion (fig. 1, A). Chest CT demonstrated bilateral pulmonary metastases, 4 in the right lung (largest 18 mm) and a single 3 mm nodule in the left lung. Fine-needle aspiration of the largest nodule was compatible with metastatic conventional (clear cell) RCC consistent with the left renal tumor originally managed with nephrectomy (fig. 2, A). The patient was offered percutaneous RFA of the primary right renal tumor, given repeated episodes of hematuria and renal colic, because open nephron sparing surgery was not thought to be technically feasible. Under CT guidance a Cooltip radio frequency electrode (Radionics, Burlington, Massachusetts) was placed within the lesion. Two consecutive cycles of RFA were performed for a total of 24 minutes, creating 2 overlapping areas of ablation. After treatment gross hematuria with clot colic developed and serum creatinine increased to 5.3 mg/dl. Acute renal failure resolved completely after temporary ureteral stenting. The patient did not undergo systemic immunotherapy. White blood count before RFA was 5,500 l (normal 4,000 to 11,000) with 63% neutrophils (42% to 66%), 26% lymphocytes (24% to 44%) and 7% monocytes (2% to 7%). White blood count increased to a maximum of 10,900 l (87% neutrophils, 5% lymphocytes, 11% monocytes) 2 days after treatment, with a return to baseline 6 days after the procedure (6,600/l, 62% neutrophils, 25% lymphocytes, 8% monocytes). Followup chest CT and abdominal MRI at 2, 5, 7 and 10 months after RFA revealed complete disappearance of the pulmonary metastases (fig. 2, B) and lack of enhancement of the renal mass (fig. 1, B and C).
An Assessment of Thunderstorm Electrification Mechanisms

The hypotheses proposed as explanations of charge separation in thunderclouds by the fall of charged precipitation have been improved in recent years theoretically and with wind tunnel demonstrations of charge transfers when supercooled droplets collide elastically with simulated hailstones inductively charged in an applied electric field. Despite these and other improvements, the precipitation-sedimentation hypotheses remain deficient as they require much greater precipitation intensities than are observed at the time of the first lightning. The amounts of charge transported by precipitation in the lower regions of thunderclouds are inadequate and usually of the wrong polarity to be the cause of cloud electrification. Further, the authors of these hypotheses ignore warm cloud, recombination and turbulence processes in their attempts to develop sufficiently intense electric fields.
A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO THE INVESTMENT‐MANAGEMENT DECISION AND TO THE SECURITIES MARKETS*

THIS DISSERTATION EXAMINES the individual financial-investment decision. This investment decision can be thought of as merely a particular class of decision under conditions of risk and ambiguity. Decisions of this kind have been the academic domain of psychologists, economists, mathematicians, and others as well. Each of these fields has been concerned with the developing a formal theory of decisionmaking under conditions of risk and with attempts at empirical verification and observation of relevant variables. This study uses the Markowitz/Sharpe linear portfolio model to describe and evaluate the salient aspects of the individual investment decision. In particular, it explores relationships that exist between amateur investors and noninvestors and examines individual risk preferences and their importance in determining and explaining investment management and performance. In a carefully designed experiment, over 125 subjects (amateur investors and noninvestors) were examined with respect to their portfolio choice in two investment periods. In addition, the subjects submitted to a variety of tests designed to examine their personality processes, cognitive-judgmental processes, and risk preferences. Portfolio choice is described in terms of:
The Effect of Different Cultural Lenses on Reliability and Validity in Observational Data: The Example of Chinese Immigrant Parent–Toddler Dinner Interactions

This study used a mixed methodology to investigate reliability, validity, and analysis level with Chinese immigrant observational data. European-American and Chinese coders quantitatively rated 755 minutes of Chinese immigrant parent–toddler dinner interactions on parental sensitivity, intrusiveness, detachment, negative affect, positive affect, and parents' confidence. They also gave qualitative coding rationales for their quantitative ratings. Analysis of quantitative ratings indicated systematic differences associated with coder ethnicity. Such differences could threaten the reliability between coders with different ethnicities. Analysis of qualitative rationales revealed different cultural links between concepts and behavior cues, which could challenge the cross-cultural validity of a macro-level coding system. When a coding system is incongruous with coders' cultural schemata, even after intensive training, the effect of culture cannot be eliminated. Implications of these findings for observational cultural research are discussed.
Effects of Protoveratrine, Serotonin and ATP on Afferent and Splanchnic Nerve Activity

Splanchnic outflow was studied along with carotid and aortic presso- and chemoreceptor inflow in cats under a variety of conditions. Splanchnic activity was increased by a decrease in presso- or increase in chemoreceptor activity and vice-versa. Blood pressure rose following splanchnic activation. Protoveratrine and serotonin, reported to activate the "coronary chemoreflex," depressed completely splanchnic outflow, without enhancing pressoreceptor activity. Prolonged hypotension from protoveratrine coincided with partial return of splanchnic activity and tonic discharge of pressoreceptors. ATP increased splanchnic activity simultaneously with the hypotension and it is suggested that it be excluded from the list of drugs eliciting the "coronary chemoreflex."
Silicates and Autoimmunity

Inhalation of particulate matter is associated with a number of acute and chronic disorders including autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The strongest evidence for a link with autoimmune disease comes from epidemiological studies describing the association of occupational exposure to crystalline silica dust with the systemic autoimmune diseases SLE and RA. Very little is known regarding the mechanism by which silica exposure leads to systemic autoimmune disease. However, in the case of silicosis, there is an extensive research literature that can help identify disease processes that may precede development of autoimmunity. The pathophysiology of silicosis consists of deposition of particles into the alveoli of the lung where they cannot be cleared. Ingestion of deposited particles by alveolar macrophages initiates an inflammatory response which then stimulates fibroblasts to proliferate and produce collagen. Silica particles are enveloped by collagen leading to fibrosis and nodular lesions. These findings are consistent with an autoimmune pathogenesis that begins with activation of the innate immune system leading to proinflammatory cytokine production, inflammation of the lung leading to activation of adaptive immunity, breaking of tolerance, autoantibodies, and tissue damage. The variable frequency of these features following silica exposure suggests significant genetic involvement and gene/environment interaction in silica-induced autoimmunity.
Using the Value of Allowances from California's GHG Cap-and-Trade System

The GHG cap-and-trade system is a key element of the policies designed to achieve California’s ambitious goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. The cap-and-trade program creates allowances necessary for regulatory compliance that become valuable because of their limited supply. Decisions about how to initially allocate these allowances have important consequences for the cap-and-trade program’s environmental effectiveness, economic performance, and distributional impact.Regulators have three basic options for allocating allowances initially: allocating pre-determined fixed quantities for free (“fixed allocations”), allocating each year’s allowances in proportion to recent actual production output (“updating output-based allocations”), and auctions. The choice among these alternatives does not directly affect environmental performance. Regardless of the choice of allocation method, aggregate emissions are limited by the emissions cap. However, allocation choices may indirectly affect emissions through emissions leakage if economic activity shifts to unregulated sources due to cap-and-trade costs. In the context of California’s GHG cap-and-trade program, leakage is most likely to occur if all allowances are distributed through some combination of auctions and fixed allocations. Appropriately designed output-based allocations can reduce leakage and thus increase emission reductions achieved by AB 32 policies.
Effects of Supplementing Excess Amounts of Metabolizable Protein from a Moderately Abundant Rumen Undegradable Source on Ovarian Function of Beef Cows Consuming Low Quality Forage

The effects of pairing a low quality forage with excess amounts of metabolizable protein (MP) supplementation from a moderately abundant rumen undegradable protein (RUP) source (corn gluten meal; 62% RUP) on ovarian function of beef cows was evaluated in a 60-day trial. Non-pregnant, non-lactating cows (n = 16) were offered ad libitum access to cornstalks and fed 1 of 2 isocaloric diets (0.48 NEm/lb) and supplemented primarily with corn gluten meal to provide 125% MP requirements (MP125) or 150% MP requirements (MP150). It was observed that cows offered MP at 150% in the diet from a moderately abundant RUP source had increased ovulatory follicle diameter, average antral follicle count and corpus luteum (CL) development compared to 125% MP. Therefore, excess dietary CP supplementation from a RUP source at 150% of MP requirements appears to enhance ovarian parameters of beef cows when fed with low quality forage compared to supplementation at 125% of MP requirements.
Genome Sequences of Six Paenibacillus larvae Siphoviridae Phages.

ABSTRACT Six sequenced and annotated genomes of Paenibacillus larvae phages isolated from the combs of American foulbrood-diseased beehives are 37 to 45 kbp and have approximately 42% G+C content and 60 to 74 protein-coding genes. Phage Lily is most divergent from Diva, Rani, Redbud, Shelly, and Sitara.
Learning and the Yield Curve

Two central implications of Expectations Hypothesis under rational expectations are inconsistent with yield curve data: (i) future expected long yields fall, instead of rising, when yield spread rises; (ii) long yields are excessively volatile relative to short yields. I propose an optimization framework in which boundedly rational agents use adaptive learning to form expectations. The belief structure rationalizes pattern of yields observed in the data so that the first puzzle does not arise with subjective expectations: intertemporal income and substitution effects are amplified relative to rational expectations. The second puzzle is partly accounted for by extra volatility due to parameter uncertainty.
Coupled quadrupole-octupole excitations inCa44and the decay ofK44,Scm44, andScg44

The decay of $^{44}\mathrm{K}$, $^{44}\mathrm{Sc}^{g}$, and $^{44}\mathrm{Sc}^{m}$ to levels of $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ have been studied. For decay of $^{44}\mathrm{K}$, approximately 125 $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays have been observed using singles, Compton-supression, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$-coincidence Ge(Li) spectroscopy. The decay data, used in conjunction with recent reaction spectroscopy data, have led to the identification of 35 levels in $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ that are populated in $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay. The levels below 4500 keV are discussed within the framework of multiple vibrations. The levels at ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ in parentheses) 3661.53 (${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$), 3676.07 (${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$), 3711.80 (${4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$), 3913.8 (${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$), and 4358.42 keV (${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) are suggested as the two phonon quadrupole-octupole pentad.
Pulling the Plug to Stop the New Product Drain

Although an important aspect of managing new product introductions is to recognize and quickly take action when a product launch has failed (i.e., “pull the plug”), senior managers in a new product...
The Mechanism of the Vasodilator Action of Potassium

SummaryIn the dog gracilis muscle and forelimb, ouabain blocked or reversed hypokalemic constriction and suppressed, blocked or reversed hyperkalemic vasodilation. This suggests that the vasodilator action of potassium is related to stimulation of membrane Na+ -K+ ATPase activity resulting in hyper-polarization and relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle cell. Exercise dilation was only slightly modified in a muscle in which potassium vasodilation was greatly suppressed, suggesting a minor role for potassium in sustained exercise hyperemia.
Spontaneous Contractions of the Reproductive Tract in Laying and Nonlaying Hens

The amplitude and frequency of contraction of muscle strips from the uterus, isthmus, and magnum from both laying and nonlaying hens were measured in vitro. The muscle strips from laying hens exhibited a greater amplitude of contraction (P less than .05) than the nonlayer; frequency was not significantly different between the two groups. In a comparison of organ sections tested, significant differences in amplitude, but not frequency of contraction were found. In the laying hen the magnum had the highest amplitude of contraction (2.59 mm.) followed by the uterus (1.63 mm.), and isthmus (.81 mm.).
CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. CRITERIA AND RESULTS.

A high degree of success has been achieved with corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis at the Columbus Medical Center. Factors contributing to success, in addition to the use of small doses, have been proper selection of patients and of steroids, maintenance of a basic therapeutic program, anticatabolic therapy to counteract negative nitrogen balance, and frequent use of local steroid injections.
PTU-276 What is the mortality rate following a colorectal 2ww clinic appointment

Introduction The two week wait (2WW) scheme for urgent assessment and investigation of suspected colorectal cancer is well established in the UK. The pick up rate from patients with alarm symptoms referred in this way runs at around 10%. The recent publication of surgeon-specific mortality from patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer has quite rightly focussed attention on the process of counselling patients about their risk. Actuarial tables can be used to set the risk of dying from the disease or its treatment in context but may be misleading because they necessarily include the entire population rather than the typical patient sitting in the clinic. The aim of this study was to describe a mortality risk for the typical patient referred as a colorectal 2WW irrespective of whether they are found to have the disease. Method All 2WW referrals for the three months 01/03/13 to 31/05/13 were reviewed at one year from first clinic appointment. The hospital information (PAS) laboratory and electronic discharge systems were used to identify patients dying in this period. The records of those who died were searched to identify whether they had been diagnosed with a colorectal malignancy, if they had undergone surgery and whether the death was related to the underlying diagnosis. Actuarial tables were used to provide a comparison mortality rate for the similar age range. Results 611 patients were referred in the three month period studied. 30 (5%) patients died within a year of first clinic appointment following referral. Median time from referral to death of these patients was 183 days (IQR 124.5–253 days) Of the four (13%) patients found to have a colorectal malignancy two were operated, one with palliative intent and the other dying from cardiac causes post anastomotic leak. The average age of patients’ referred was 70 years (std dev 12 years). The average age of those subsequently dying was 81 years (std dev 10 years) From actuarial tables 1 the expected mortality rate at one year for men 70–74 is 0.0245% and for women is 0.016% Conclusion The mortality of patients referred as 2WW colorectal cancers is far higher than would be expected by age alone. 5% vs Of those who go on to die in the year following a 2WW colorectal clinic 87% never had a colorectal cancer. Only 2 from 611 (0.3%) patients referred as 2WW died as a result of surgery for colorectal cancer. The findings from this work are important to set into context the discussions around patients’ fears of colorectal cancer. For the patient sitting in a 2WW colorectal clinic, the fact that the unit has an operative mortality of less than 2.5% 2 needs to be set against the underlying 5% mortality merely from having walked through the door. Disclosure of interest None Declared. References Office for National Statistics, Life Expectancy Tables. http://ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lifetables/ ACPGBI outcome data. www.acpgbi.org.uk/surgeon-outcomes/
Simulation Experiment of Citric Acid Impacts on Mineralization of Calcium Carbonate in Huanglong

To explore the impact and the participation degree of biotic factors in the sedimentation process of the Huanglong travertine,the typical extracellular organic acid,citric acid,isolated from two psychrotrophic bacteria strains from Huanglong,were used as object in this study. The temperature and the p H value were simulated as those of Huanglong water environments. Scanning electron microscope( SEM) and X-ray diffraction( XRD) were used to characterize the crystal form and morphology of Ca CO3 precipitation. Then calcification process and the effect of citric acid on the crystal form and morphology of Ca CO3 were investigated. The results were as followed: 1 High concentration,low p H value and low temperature inhibited the calcification in a certain extent. 2 Calcite was obtained in the presence of citric acid,and the petaline shaped precipitation formed when the concentration of citric acid became high. 3 Thombic particles switched to ellipsoids with curved edges as the p H value increased. In summary,the typical extracellular organic acids of Huanglong psychrotrophic bacteria affected calcification rate,morphology and polymorphism of Ca CO3. The results provided evidences for the biogenic theory of the Huanglong travertine.
Vertigo. How serious are recurrent and single attacks

Through history taking and physical examination, the primary care physician should be able to distinguish between the four most common causes of recurrent vertigo. Particular caution is advised when dealing with the first attack of vertigo, because more sinister possibilities may be present, although most of the disorders that cause vertigo are benign. Categories of treatment that can be used include medical, rehabilitative or exercise-related, surgical, dietary, and unconventional (eg, acupuncture, manipulation).
Introduction: Ocean to Ocean

On 19 April 1866, the 2300 ton steamer Agamemnon, set out from Liverpool on a historic voyage. Agamemnon was a square-rigged barque, powered by high pressure compound engines, and she carried cargo for Penang, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. Within a few months two sister ships, Ajax and Achilles, had set out on similar journeys. The trio were owned by the Ocean Steam Ship Company, a new enterprise set up in January 1865 by the brothers Alfred and Philip Holt to operate the steamers. The Holt brothers were principal shareholders of the Company and ‘managers’ of the three steamers, while Alfred Holt had designed the ships and their engines.