cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age and growth of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758) in the southeastern Pacific off Chile (2001)

The age and growth of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southeastern Pacific off Chile were estimated for 511 males and 632 females using samples collected from longline fisheries in 2001. Lower jaw fork length (LJFL) measurements ranged from 100 to 265 cm for males and 116 to 289 cm for females. Age estimates were obtained using cross sections of the second anal fin ray. Both the monthly average marginal increment and the analysis of the edge type indicated periodicity in the formation of growth bands, with the hyaline band forming in the summer (December-March). The relationship between the ray radius and LJFL was nonlinear. The growth was modeled using standard and generalized Von Bertalanffy equations. Sword- fish growth was best described by the standard equation, with the following parameters: L∞ = 279 cm, K = 0.158, t0 = −2.65 for males, and L∞ = 321 cm, K = 0.133, t0 = −2.46 for females. The analysis of growth curves revealed that females are significantly larger than males. A comparison of growth rates between differ- ent studies shows that swordfish in the southeastern Pacific off Chile grow faster than those from the north- western Pacific (Taiwan), southwestern Pacific (Australia), and other regions (Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea), but their growth rates are very similar to those of the swordfish from the central North Pacific (Hawaii).
Mechanisms of DNA damage by chromium(V) carcinogens

Reactions of bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-butanato)oxochromate(V) with pUC19 DNA, single-stranded calf thymus DNA (ss-ctDNA), a synthetic oligonucleotide, 5'-GATCTATGGACTTACTTCAAGGCCGGGTAATGCTA-3' (35mer), deoxyguanosine and guanine were carried out in Bis-Tris buffer at pH 7.0. The plasmid DNA was only nicked, whereas the single-stranded DNA suffered extensive damage due to oxidation of the ribose moiety. The primary oxidation product was characterized as 5-methylene-2-furanone. Although all four bases (A, C, G and T) were released during the oxidation process, the concentration of guanine exceeds the other three. Orthophosphate and 3'-phosphates were also detected in this reaction. Likewise, the synthetic oliogomer exhibits cleavage at all bases with a higher frequecncy at G sites. This increased cleavage at G sites was more apparent after treating the primary oxidation products with piperidine, which may indicate base oxidation as well. DNA oxidation is shown to proceed through a Cr(V)-DNA intermediate in which chromium(V) is coordinated through the phosphodiester moiety. Two alternative mechanisms for DNA oxidation by oxochromate(V) are proposed to account for formation of 5-methylene-2-furanone, based on hydrogen abstraction or hydride transfer from the C1' site of the ribose followed by hydration and two successive beta-eliminations. It appears that phosphate coordination is a prerequisite for DNA oxidation, since no reactions between chromium(V) and deoxyguanosine or guanine were observed. Two other additional pathways, hydrogen abstraction from C4' and guanine base oxidation, are also discussed.
The structure and modes of a compressible superfluid film

A formal apparatus is constructed for study of the structure and modes of a single-component film system. The essential ingredients of this apparatus are an equation of motion for the two-dimensional complex order parameter and an energy functional that is the driving force in this equation. The film profile, energy, chemical potential, third sound velocity, etc., are studied for four model films: model 1, a free-standing self-bound fluid; models 2:0 and 2:1, a self-bound fluid in a substrate potential; and model 3, a non-self-bound fluid in a substrate potential. Model 1 can be studied analytically; models 2:0, 2:1, and 3 are studied numerically. Liquid4He is a self-bound fluid; spin-polarized hydrogen is a non-self-bound fluid.
Distinct Endocytic Responses of Heteromeric and Homomeric Transforming Growth Factor β Receptors

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) family ligands initiate a cascade of events capable of modulating cellular growth and differentiation. The receptors responsible for transducing these cellular signals are referred to as the type I and type II TGF beta receptors. Ligand binding to the type II receptor results in the transphosphorylation and activation of the type I receptor. This heteromeric complex then propagates the signal(s) to downstream effectors. There is presently little data concerning the fate of TGF beta receptors after ligand binding, with conflicting reports indicating no change or decreasing cell surface receptor numbers. To address the fate of ligand-activated receptors, we have used our previously characterized chimeric receptors consisting of the ligand binding domain from the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor alpha or beta receptor fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of the type I or type II TGF beta receptor. This system not only provides the necessary sensitivity and specificity to address these types of questions but also permits the differentiation of endocytic responses to either homomeric or heteromeric intracellular TGF beta receptor oligomerization. Data are presented that show, within minutes of ligand binding, chimeric TGF beta receptors are internalized. However, although all the chimeric receptor combinations show similar internalization rates, receptor down-regulation occurs only after activation of heteromeric TGF beta receptors. These results indicate that effective receptor down-regulation requires cross-talk between the type I and type II TGF beta receptors and that TGF beta receptor heteromers and homomers show distinct trafficking behavior.
Multidisciplinary Baseline Assessment of Homosexual Men with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Iii. Neurologic and Neuropsychological Findings

• We explored the possibility that neurologic and neuropsychological changes constitute the earliest detectable manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Without knowledge of HIV status, we assessed neurologic signs and symptoms and administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to 208 homosexual men, of whom 84 were HIV negative, 49 were HIV positive and asymptomatic, 29 were mildly symptomatic, and 46 had significant medical symptoms but not the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There was no difference between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive men in the frequency of neurologic signs or of defective or borderline performance on any neuropsychological test. However, HIV-positive men performed slightly but significantly worse than HIV-negative men on tests of verbal memory, executive function, and language. Similar results were obtained when comparisons were limited to HIV-positive medically asymptomatic and HIV-negative men. There was no degradation of neurologic status or neuropsychological performance across stages of HIV severity, but neurologic and neuropsychological summary scores correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios in the HIV-positive group. Ratings of neurologic signs and symptoms correlated with neuropsychological summary scores in the HIV-positive group only. Cognitive complaints were more frequent in the HIV-positive men; they correlated with actual test performance in the HIV-positive but not HIV-negative men. The constellation of subjective and objective neuropsychological and neurologic findings suggests the possibility of a definable syndrome associated with HIV infection in asymptomatic individuals.
Integrated antennas on silicon substrates for communication over free space

This letter reports the feasibility of using 2-mm-long on-chip antennas for communication over free space. Integration of antennas into radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) eliminates external transmission line connections and sophisticated packaging, which should lower the cost of wireless systems operating above 10 GHz. Mobile microwave probe stands have been developed for measurements at varying antenna pair separations. Antenna-pair gains for 2-mm-long integrated zigzag dipole antennas fabricated on 20-/spl Omega/-cm silicon substrates have been characterized near 24 GHz for separations up to 15 m. The antenna-pair gains show R/sup -2/ dependence up to /spl sim/4-5 m. The antennas were found to be sufficient for use up to 5 m and possibly larger separations.
It's good . . . But is it ART?

We applaud Norris et al.'s critical review of the literature on lexical effects in phoneme decision making, and we sympathize with their attempt to reconcile autonomous models of word recognition with current research. However, we suggest that adaptive resonance theory (ART) may provide a coherent account of the data while preserving limited inhibitory feedback among certain lexical and sublexical representations.
Linear morphea: a case series with long-term follow-up of young, methotrexate-treated patients

Background: Linear morphea can lead to significant morbidity and functional disability in young patients. Methotrexate (MTX), with or without a short initiation with prednisone therapy, has been used and documented as a well-tolerated, effective treatment regimen. Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of MTX therapy in patients with linear morphea. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for pediatric and young adult patients with linear morphea and evaluated in the Dermatology Clinic at Wake Forest University School of Medicine treated with MTX. Results:Seventeen patients met inclusion criteria and were followed for an average of 6.6 years. All patients improved with MTX therapy, with an average of 2.1 months to disease inactivity, and 19.6 months to discontinuation of MTX. Seven patients (41%) required a second course of MTX, following an average remission of 21 months. One patient (6%) required a third course, following 6.9 years of remission. Limitations: Retrospective chart review w...
Supporting Children After a Disaster: A Case Study of a Psychosocial School-Based Intervention

Children are among the most vulnerable groups during and after a natural disaster experiencing a range of stressors such as fear of death or loss of a loved one, the loss of a home and community, displacement to a strange neighborhood or school, and even separation from their family. This study, conducted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, after a series of tornadoes struck the city in 2011, examines the Journey of Hope (JoH), a psychosocial program designed to help children cope with disaster related stressors. It employed a case study approach examining the program’s impact through interviews with 5 social workers, 14 program facilitators and 30 child participants. Findings revealed that participating in the JoH helped children: articulate their feelings, process grief, regulate emotions such as anger and aggression, and gain knowledge on how to handle bullying behaviors in their school. This article builds on the literature supporting post-disaster psychosocial school-based interventions.
Integrating new practices: a qualitative study of how hospital innovations become routine

Hospital quality improvement efforts absorb substantial time and resources, but many innovations fail to integrate into organizational routines, undermining the potential to sustain the new practices. Despite a well-developed literature on the initial implementation of new practices, we have limited knowledge about the mechanisms by which integration occurs. We conducted a qualitative study using a purposive sample of hospitals that participated in the State Action on Avoidable Rehospitalizations (STAAR) initiative, a collaborative to reduce hospital readmissions that encouraged members to adopt new practices. We selected hospitals where risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRR) had improved (n = 7) or deteriorated (n = 3) over the course of the first 2 years of the STAAR initiative (2010–2011 to 2011–2012) and interviewed a range of staff at each site (90 total). We recruited hospitals until reaching theoretical saturation. The constant comparative method was used to conduct coding and identification of key themes. When innovations were successfully integrated, participants consistently reported that a small number of key staff held the innovation in place for as long as a year while more permanent integrating mechanisms began to work. Depending on characteristics of the innovation, one of three categories of integrating mechanisms eventually took over the role of holding new practices in place. Innovations that proved intrinsically rewarding to the staff, by making their jobs easier or more gratifying, became integrated through shifts in attitudes and norms over time. Innovations for which the staff did not perceive benefits to themselves were integrated through revised performance standards if the innovation involved complex tasks and through automation if the innovation involved simple tasks. Hospitals have an opportunity to promote the integration of new practices by planning for the extended effort required to hold a new practice in place while integration mechanisms take hold. By understanding how integrating mechanisms correspond to innovation characteristics, hospitals may be able to foster integrating mechanisms most likely to work for particular innovations.
Contrast Enhancement in Image Pre-Compensation for Computer Users with Visual Aberrations

Pre-compensation of display images in computers can enhance the interaction of computer users with visual impairments and computers. However, the pre-compensation process reduces the contrast of the images perceived by the user, when the pre-compensated images are presented in display devices with limited intensity levels. Therefore, the helpfulness of the pre-compensation process is reduced by the accompanying contrast loss. This paper proposes a side-trim histogram correction method aiming to improve the contrast of the image perceived by the user after pre-compensation has been performed. The side-trim method is based on the analysis of the histogram of the pre-compensated image, in which the trimming process is performed automatically, without manual intervention.
Effects of Graded Levels of Sorghum Wet Distiller’s Grains and Degraded Intake Protein Supply on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Cattle Fed Steam-Flaked Corn-Based Diets1

Two experiments evaluated different levels of sorghum wet distiller’s grains plus solubles (SWDG) and effects of increasing the degraded intake protein (DIP) concentration in diets containing SWDG on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, 200 beef steers (average BW = 404 kg) were fed increasing levels of SWDG (0, 5, 10, and 15% of DM) and one level of corn wet distiller’s grains plus solubles
Water Conservation Team in Ornamental Crops through the Use of Alternative Irrigation Water Sources

Significance and objectives Many communities in Texas and other states are facing water shortages and water quality issues (poor or marginal water quality). A tremendous population growth in many southern states is also putting a strain on their water supplies and creating a worrisome competition between urban and agricultural activities. Future drought is unpredictable, and some regions have encountered extended and devastating drought periods in the past years. In addition, intensive agricultural operations like nurseries and greenhouses are under pressure to conserve water and minimize fertilizerand chemical-laden water drainages and runoff effluents (Briggs et al., 1998; Cabrera, 2005; Camper et al., 1994). Water availability and water quality issues are getting worse over time and are significantly affecting the future of green industries (greenhouse, nursery, landscape). Water conservation can be achieved by irrigating greenhouse and nursery crops, and landscape plantings with alternative water sources, thus saving the dwindling clean/fresh water for other purposes. Low-maintenance plant species that are drought and salt tolerant would be desirable for green industry. The types of available alternative or nonpotable water sources vary with regions. Reclaimed municipal water is often the main alternative water. In some places, saline groundwater and agricultural drainage water are available. The salinity of reclaimed water measured as electrical conductivity (ECw), which varies with water source and treatment processes, ranges from 1.0 to 1.9 dS m (Schuch, 2005; Wu et al., 2001). To successfully use these alternative water sources, information on salt tolerance of economically important ornamental plants and their salinity thresholds are needed.
A modification of Erdélyi's asymptotic expansions of Fourier integrals

Based on Erdelyi's method, theorems with regard to the asymptotic expansion of finite and semi-infinite Fourier integrals are proposed, including sine and cosine transforms. It is shown that the local behavior, under some “higher-order conditions”, off(x) at interval ends suffices to determine the dominant term of its Fourier transform $$\hat f(p)$$ as |p|→∞. The functionf(x) discussed here, or its derivativef′(x), exhibits integrable algebraic singularity at one interval end or at both ends. Certain application convenience of the proposed theorems is mentioned.
Rabies in Fucheng District of Mianyang City,2007-2011

Objective To analyze the epidemical status of rabies in Fucheng district from 2007 to 2011,and provide scientific evidences for further prevention and control.Methods Data of rabies in Fucheng district from 2007 to 2011 were collected and analyzed with descriptive methods.Results A total of 6 rabies cases were found and died,who all were middle aged or even older;the latency ranged from 14 days to 4 months.All the dead failed to receive standard treatment.During the period,totally 4 355 cases of dog-injured happened,among which 9 cases of injuries were multiple victims caused by one single dog.Victims after standard treatment stayed normal.Conclusion Standard treatments including wound cleaning as well as vaccine injection are crucial for preventing rabies.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa of the Scrotum

A patient with hidradenitis suppurativa of the scrotum is described. The clinical presentation and treatment are discussed.
Bottlebrush Polymer Synthesis by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: The Significance of the Anchor Group

Control over bottlebrush polymer synthesis by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of macromonomers (MMs) is highly dependent on the competition between the kinetics of the polymerization and the lifetime of the catalyst. We evaluated the effect of anchor group chemistry—the configuration of atoms linking the polymer to a polymerizable norbornene—on the kinetics of ROMP of polystyrene and poly(lactic acid) MMs initiated by (H2IMes)(pyr)2(Cl)2Ru═CHPh (Grubbs third generation catalyst). We observed a variance in the rate of propagation of >4-fold between similar MMs with different anchor groups. This phenomenon was conserved across all MMs tested, regardless of solvent, molecular weight (MW), or repeat unit identity. The observed >4-fold difference in propagation rate had a dramatic effect on the maximum obtainable backbone degree of polymerization, with slower propagating MMs reducing the maximum bottlebrush MW by an order of magnitude (from ∼106 to ∼105 Da). A chelation mechanism was initially pr...
Determinants of breast cancer screening among inner-city hispanic women in comparison with other inner-city women

A telephone survey of a random sample of Rhode Island women ages 40 and older residing in minority low-income census tracts ― census tracts in the lowest quartile of a variety of socioeconomic indicators in which at least 5 percent of the population was classified as Hispanic or non-Hispanic black ― was conducted in 1991, focusing on breast cancer screening. Hispanic women were found to have about half the breast cancer screening rate (20 percent, according to current screening guidelines) of other respondents (37 percent). Determinants of screening were explored to suggest reasons for this difference. The Health Belief Model was used to identify and compare determinants of breast cancer screening (sociodemographics, health care utilization, perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, perceived seriousness of breast cancer, cues to screening such as a provider's recommendation, and the perceived benefits and costs of screening) among Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks. Hispanics were younger, less educated, and had lower family incomes than other women residing in minority low-income census tracts, were less likely to receive medical care, to perceive themselves as susceptible to breast cancer, and to perceive breast cancer as curable. Logistic regression analyses revealed the importance of use of health care, cues for screening, and perceptions of mammography to explain the screening behavior of Hispanics and non-Hispanics alike. Access to medical care is a significant problem in the Rhode Island Hispanic community, related to recent immigration, undocumented immigration, and low income characteristics of its members. Efforts to increase long-term screening for breast cancer in this community should focus on access while paying attention to its unique perceptions of breast cancer.
Generic Revision of the Ant Subfamily Dorylinae: Hymenoptera, Formicidae

The generic classification of the ant subfamily Dorylinae is revised, with the aim of facilitating identification of easily-diagnosable monophyletic genera. The new classification is based on recent molecular phylogenetic evidence and a critical reappraisal of doryline morphology. New keys and diagnoses based on workers and males are provided, along with reviews of natural history and phylogenetic relationships, distribution maps, and a list of valid species for each lineage. Twenty-eight genera (27 extant and 1 extinct) are recognized within the subfamily, an increase from 20 in the previous classification scheme. Species classified in the polyphyletic Cerapachys and Sphinctomyrmex prior to this publication are here distributed among 9 and 3 different genera, respectively. Amyrmex and Asphinctanilloides are synonymized under Leptanilloides and the currently recognized subgenera are synonymized for Dorylus. No tribal classification is proposed for the subfamily, but several apparently monophyletic genus-groups are discussed. Valid generic names recognized here include: Acanthostichus (= Ctenopyga), Aenictogiton, Aenictus (= Paraenictus, Typhlatta), Cerapachys (= Ceratopachys), Cheliomyrmex, Chrysapace gen. rev., Cylindromyrmex (= Holcoponera, Hypocylindromyrmex, Metacylindromyrmex), Dorylus (= Alaopone syn. n., Anomma syn. n., Cosmaecetes, Dichthadia syn. n., Rhogmus syn. n., Shuckardia, Sphecomyrmex, Sphegomyrmex, Typhlopone syn. n.), Eburopone gen. n., Eciton (= Camptognatha, Holopone, Mayromyrmex), Eusphinctus gen. rev., Labidus (= Nycteresia, Pseudodichthadia), Leptanilloides (= Amyrmex syn. n., Asphinctanilloides syn. n.), Lioponera gen. rev. (= Neophyracaces syn. n., Phyracaces syn. n.), Lividopone, Neivamyrmex (= Acamatus, Woitkowskia), Neocerapachys gen. n., Nomamyrmex, Ooceraea gen. rev. (= Cysias syn. n.), Parasyscia gen. rev., †Procerapachys, Simopone, Sphinctomyrmex, Syscia gen. rev., Tanipone, Vicinopone, Yunodorylus gen. rev., Zasphinctus gen. rev. (= Aethiopopone syn. n., Nothosphinctus syn. n.).
Is cell size a spandrel

All organisms control the size of their cells. We focus here on the question of size regulation in bacteria, and suggest that the quantitative laws governing cell size and its dependence on growth rate may arise as byproducts of a regulatory mechanism which evolved to support multiple DNA replication forks. In particular, we show that the increase of bacterial cell size during Lenski’s long-term evolution experiments is a natural outcome of this proposal. This suggests that, in the context of evolution, cell size may be a 'spandrel'
Crystallography of grain boundary precipitates in a Ni-Mo-Cr-W low CTE alloy

Abstract The crystallography of grain boundary (GB) precipitates in a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) Ni-Mo-Cr-W alloy has been investigated as a function of thermal history using transmission electron diffraction. A previously unreported cubic precipitate (φ) was found to form during aging at 1043 K for 16 h and remained after an additional heat treatment at 1143 K for 16 h. The space group of this phase is Pm 3 ¯ m with lattice parameter a∼6.42 A. In addition, the topologically close packed (TCP) phase known as μ in the literature also formed on grain boundaries when the material was heat treated at 1043 K for 16 h directly after cold rolling. Significantly, the μ phase that formed on the boundaries of unrecrystallized regions contained a high density of finely spaced (0001) nanotwins, which give rise to pseudo 6/mmm symmetry instead of the 3 ¯ m symmetry of the μ phase ( R 3 ¯ m space group) that formed on the boundaries in the recrystallized regions. After additional aging at 1143 K for 16 h, these nanotwins are absent, and the μ phase develops more widely spaced { 1 1 ¯ 02 } twins.
Free Epoxide Content Mediates Encapsulated Cell Viability and Activity through Protein Interactions in a Thermoresponsive, In Situ Forming Hydrogel

The development of synthetic and well-defined extracellular matrices that are free of xenogeneic components and are capable of inducing desired cellular responses holds great potential for use in vitro as 3D cell culture environments and in vivo as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. In this study, the impact of free and partially occupied epoxide groups on the viability, activity, and behavior of rat fibroblasts encapsulated in thermoresponsive hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAAm) was investigated. While fibroblasts encapsulated in neat pNiPAAm remained rounded and showed significant toxicity by 5 days, those encapsulated in the epoxide-modified thermogels demonstrated not only high viability but also an ability to proliferate, attach, produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and cluster. The results demonstrated that the presence of free epoxide groups led to the local conjugation of available proteins to produce a modified structure in situ, which supported cell viability, acti...
Independent Risk Factors for Revision Surgery or Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Hip Arthroscopy: A Review of a Large Statewide Database From 2011 to 2012

Purpose To use a large heterogeneous population to identify independent risk factors for revision surgery or conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after hip arthroscopy. Methods The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was queried from 2011 through 2012 to identify patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. All patients aged 18 years or older who underwent hip arthroscopy according to Current Procedural Terminology coding were included. We chose to divide surgical volume into tertiles for the purposes of statistical analysis. Longitudinal analysis for a minimum of 2 years was performed to determine risk factors for revision surgery or conversion to THA. Results We identified 3,957 patients. The mean age was 35.8 years (standard deviation, 13.1 years). After a minimum follow-up period of 2 years, the overall failure rate was 9.6%: 3.7% of patients underwent revision hip arthroscopy at an average of 15.8 months, whereas 5.9% underwent conversion to THA at 14.7 months. Index surgery performed by surgeons in the third tertile of surgical volume ( P = .001), as well as conversion to THA (OR, 1.90; P P P P P P Conclusions Our analysis of 3,957 patients found that female sex, age under 40 years, absence of a labral repair, and index procedure performed by a low-volume surgeon were independent risk factors for revision hip arthroscopy. Age over 60 years, index procedure performed by a low-volume surgeon, female sex, obesity, and the presence of pre-existing arthritis were risk factors for THA conversion. Level of Evidence Level III, case-control study.
Towards Batteryfree and Wireless Sensing for Personalized Ultraviolet Exposure Monitoring

A personalized wireless wearable system for measuring environmental information requires small size and light weight for portability. Body energy harvesting (e.g., kinetics, heat) is a promising solution to make the system work without battery, thus increasing the portability. In this paper, a personalized wireless sensing system powered by human body heat via thermal electric energy harvesting prototype is presented. Challenges caused by dynamic voltage supply, dynamic charging rates, and low-energy supply systems are identified and addressed. The experimental results show that this system can power a microcontroller and sensors while enabling wireless transmission of data. The thermoelectric generator with a heat sink is able to provide a steady charging voltage for 30–120 min.
Modifiable vascular risk factors, white matter disease and cognition in early Parkinson's disease.

Background and purpose Dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common and disabling. Identification of modifiable risk factors for it is essential. Vascular risk factors (VRFs) may be associated with cognitive decline in early PD. Biomarkers that serve as surrogates of the long-term effect of VRFs on PD are needed. To that end, we aimed to quantitate white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in early PD, measure associations with VRFs and examine relationships between WMH and longitudinal cognition. Methods Participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study (141 patients with PD, 63 healthy controls) with adequate baseline structural brain magnetic resonance imaging data were included. Hypertension and diabetes history, and body mass index were combined to create a vascular risk score. WMH were quantitated via automated methods. Cognition was assessed annually with a comprehensive test battery. Results In the PD group, vascular risk score was associated with WMH for total brain (β = 0.210; P = 0.021), total white matter (β = 0.214; P = 0.013), frontal (β = 0.220; P = 0.002) and temporal (β = 0.212; P = 0.002) regions. Annual rate of change in global cognition was greater in those with higher vascular risk score (β = -0.040; P = 0.007) and greater WMH (β = -0.029; P = 0.049). Higher temporal WMH burden was associated with great decline over time in verbal memory (β = -0.034; P = 0.031). Conclusions In early PD, modifiable VRFs are associated with WMH on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Temporal WMH burden predicts decline in verbal memory. WMH may serve as a surrogate marker for the effect of VRFs on cognitive abilities in PD.
Globalizing the treadmill of production: a solutions-oriented application to Ecuador

A foundational theory in environmental sociology, Allan Schnaiberg’s treadmill of production theory (1980), and subsequent elaborations of the treadmill of production theory, is best known and used...
A Customized Transportation Intervention for Persons with Visual Impairments

IntroductionTransportation can be an employment barrier for persons with disabilities, particularly those with visual impairments. A customized transportation intervention for people with visual im...
THU0442 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY AND DISCHARGE DISPOSITION AFTER ELECTIVE TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT? RISK-ADJUSTED ANALYSIS OF LARGE REGIONAL DATASET

Background: With the aging of the world population and the rising prevalence of Osteoarthritis (OA), elective joint replacement (JR) has become one of the fastest growing procedures in the management of end-stage OA. There is also increasing evidence that social determinants of health such as where one lives impact healthcare utilization and decision-making. Furthermore, elective JR of the hip and knee is one of the most important cost-centers for Medicare, the largest payer in the US, and has therefore been the subject of ongoing payment reform models that shape discharge destination and risk of readmission. Objectives: In a large regional dataset, we sought to examine how social vulnerability impacts discharge destination after elective THR, and what is the role in this relationship of patient race, another key social determinant of health which has been previously associated with disposition after surgery. Methods: We used the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4) database to identify all patients who underwent elective THR between 2012 and 2016. Community level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was derived from the American Census Survey, which draws 15 different measures of vulnerability including socioeconomic, housing, and disability among others. SVI ranges from 0 (least vulnerable) to 1 (most vulnerable). SVI was dichotomized into low (below median) and high (above median). We used binary logistic regression to test the association between community SVI and discharge disposition: Institution (Nursing home or inpatient rehabilitation vs Home with/out home health). We adjusted for important clinical, demographic, and facility level covariates. To examine the role race (African American (AA) vs White) in this relationship, we included in the model an interaction term for SVI and race. Results: There were a total 86,215 THR done between Jan 2012 and Dec 2016 that met our inclusion criteria. About 40,881 were Conclusion: In this large regional dataset of patients who underwent THR, social vulnerability index of the community is associated with discharge disposition after surgery. Moreover, this association was stronger in African-Americans compared to Whites. This association when coupled with ongoing payment reform models may have implications for access to care for socially vulnerable populations. aAdjusted covariates for all models include patient sex, age, insurance, facility metro status, volume of cases, surgical complications, and Elixhauser Index. Disclosure of Interests: Bella Mehta: None declared, Susan Goodman Grant/research support from: Novartis: research support, Consultant for: Novartis, UCB, Pfizer: consulting, Kaylee Ho: None declared, Debra D’Angelo: None declared, Michael Parks Grant/research support from: Zimmer Biomet, Employee of: Zimmer Biomet, Said Ibrahim: None declared
Criminogenic or criminalized? Testing an assumption for expanding criminogenic risk assessment.

Objectives Proponents of criminogenic risk assessment have called for its widespread expansion throughout the criminal justice system. Its success in predicting recidivism is taken as evidence that criminogenic risks tap into the causes of criminal behavior, and that targeting these factors can reduce correctional supervision rates and even prevent crime. This study challenges these assertions, by testing the implicit assumption that populations in which recidivism risk factors were identified are interchangeable with populations experiencing the onset/duration of exposure to the criminal justice system. Hypotheses Exposure to the criminal justice system increases some of the risk factors used to predict recidivism; therefore, risk factors for recidivism and onset/duration of exposure to the criminal justice system are not interchangeable. Method Secondary analysis of data from 503 boys followed prior to first arrest through early adulthood. Inverse-probability-of-exposure-weighted marginal structural models and fixed effects models were employed to test whether arrests and convictions increase antisocial attitudes, behaviors, and peers. Results Being arrested or convicted resulted in subsequently higher levels of antisocial attitudes, behaviors, and peers. Risks for recidivism, which include the effect of exposure to the criminal justice system, are not identical to the risks of exposure to the criminal justice system. Conclusions Results caution against the uncritical expansion of criminogenic risk assessment from community corrections to policing, pretrial, and sentencing. Researchers and policymakers should engage with the social conditions that put people at risk of criminogenic risks and more cautiously communicate the scope of reform that criminogenic risk assessment can deliver. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Reading for the Moral: Exemplarity and the Confucian Moral Imagination in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Short Fiction

The title of Maria Franca Sibau’s book, Reading for the Moral, encapsulates the author’s multiple analytical agendas. First, it reflects Sibau’s insight that late-Ming short fictions integrated com...
Vector Embeddings with Subvector Permutation Invariance using a Triplet Enhanced Autoencoder.

The use of deep neural network (DNN) autoencoders (AEs) has recently exploded due to their wide applicability. However, the embedding representation produced by a standard DNN AE that is trained to minimize only the reconstruction error does not always reveal more subtle patterns in the data. Sometimes, the autoencoder needs further direction in the form of one or more additional loss functions. In this paper, we use an autoencoder enhanced with triplet loss to promote the clustering of vectors that are related through permutations of constituent subvectors. With this approach, we can create an embedding of the vector that is nearly invariant to such permutations. We can then use these invariant embeddings as inputs to other problems, like classification and clustering, and improve detection accuracy in those problems.
A Worksheet Method for Developing Research Questions: An Examination of Three Graduate Student Cohorts

In this full paper, we describe a design activity method for developing research questions and present a study on student’s perception to validate it. We examine, compare and discuss results from three different graduate student cohorts (first, second, and third semester Master’s degree students) who used the worksheet method at different stages of their graduate careers. The method is designed to help students identify topics, think critically about the underlying questions to explore a topic, identify a problem to be addressed by the research, and identify data sources to facilitate the research effort. The four stages are introduced as an incremental scaffolding process. Preliminary results showed graduate students found the worksheets effective in helping to develop research questions. This work contributes to the development of research practices and pedagogy supported by sound research questions.
Genome Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Case Study: An Undergraduate Online Learning Activity To Introduce Bioinformatics, BLAST, and the Power of Genome Databases

The COVID19 pandemic has significantly impacted scientific research and higher education. With the chaos, confusion, and concern caused by the SARSCoV2/COVID19 pandemic, there are lots of questions and general curiosity about coronaviruses and infectious disease. This global health crisis provides an optimal platform for teaching and discussing scientific research. COVID19-specific learning activities can help guide students and the public to accurately find scientific answers to their questions and help educate and teach true scientific principles to those eagerly wanting answers about COVID19. A SARSCoV2/COVID19 case study has been developed that allows students to align the genomes of 4 different coronaviruses to identify potential origins of the virus. Additional questions direct students to think critically about how an RNA viral genome may have different implications than a DNA viral genome, or why mutations in the surface glycoprotein may have big impacts on viral transmission and immunity. This case study was developed and implemented in Spring 2020 and was well received by students. It provides an introduction to genomics and bioinformatics through a highly relevant and applicable topic that everyone is interested in: COVID19.
Arterial Roadway Travel Time Reliability and the COVID-19 Pandemic

AbstractThis paper evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 preventive orders on arterial roadway travel time reliability (TTR). A comparative analysis was conducted to examine average travel time dist...
Prospective association between receipt of the economic impact payment and mental health outcomes.

Background The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 provided ‘economic impact payments’ (EIPs) of $1200 to US adults with annual personal income of $75 000 or less. This study examined the prospective association between EIP receipt and mental health outcomes. Methods A nationally representative sample of 3169 middle-income and low-income US adults completed a baseline assessment of their health and well-being in May–June 2020 and a 3-month follow-up assessment during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic when EIPs were distributed. Results Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, EIP recipients had higher odds of reporting a positive COVID-19 test, endorsing a history of post-traumatic stress disorder and reporting any illicit drug use in the past month than participants who did not receive EIP. Participants who did not receive EIP were more likely to report a history of anxiety disorder or alcohol use disorder and recent suicidal ideation than EIP recipients. There was no association between EIP receipt and financial distress, although over one-third to over half of EIP recipients were not employed at baseline. Between baseline and 3-month follow-up, receipt of EIP was significantly associated with reduced medical conditions and alcohol use problems, but increased depression, suicidal ideation and COVID-19 era-related stress. Conclusion The EIP provided a brief income stimulus to many adults in need but was not associated with improvements in financial distress or mental health among middle-income and low-income recipients. Long-term income security and employment may be more important to improving and sustaining positive mental health outcomes.
Study the thermal radiation effects in gas-solid flows with gray and non-gray P1 models implemented in MFiX

Abstract Thermal radiation is a dominant mode of heat transfer in combustion/gasification, packed/circulating bed reactors, and energy storage/conversion devices. In hydrocarbon fuel combustion, the high absorption and emission of product gases like CO2 and H2O significantly affect the heat transfer characteristics. It is essential to understand the radiative energy propagation in such applications. In the present study, we developed a framework to implement the P-1 radiation model in MFiX for Eulerian-Eulerian (Two fluid-TFM) and Eulerian-Lagrangian (Discrete element-DEM and Particle in cell-PIC) models. The P-1 is a simplification of the spherical harmonics method. The framework has been verified on various flue gas conditions. The verified solver results are validated against the benchmark results available in the literature. The verified and validated gray and non-gray weighted sum of gray gas models is evaluated for dry and wet flue gas conditions. They are also used to study gas-solid flows in a fluidized bed/riser.
Exploring the intersectionality of culture, sacrificial offering, and exploitative prosperity gospel rhetoric in Africa

Research has well documented the evidence of the growth of prosperity gospel churches across the globe, but there is a dearth of studies that investigate the interface between culture and exploitat...
Demographic Variables as Predictors of Hemoglobin Levels in New Haven, Conn

The data in this study have shown that in each sex group, age is the most important demographic predictor of hemoglobin levels. In men, social class is the only other significant contributor while in women, race and employment status play a role. In nulliparous women in their fertile years, the mean hemoglobin levels of the unmarried average 1 gm more than the married, but after menopause the rankings are reversed. However, the multiple correlation coefficients show that the contribution of these demographic variables to hemoglobin level prediction is very small.
Construction and steady-state operation of induction motors

This chapter presents construction and operating principles of induction motors. Operation of the induction motor is based on the ingenious principle of induction of electromotive forces and currents in the rotor that is not directly connected to any supply source. Three-phase currents in stator windings produce a revolving magnetic field whose angular velocity, which is called a synchronous velocity of the motor, is proportional to the supply frequency and inversely proportional to the number of pole pairs. The chapter describes the generation of a revolving magnetic field in the stator and torque production in the rotor. The per-phase equivalent circuit is introduced for determination of steady-state characteristics of the motor. Analysis of the steady-state operation of the induction motor is based on the per-phase equivalent circuit. Operation of the induction machine as a generator is explained in the chapter.
Pointer Kleene Algebra

We present an extension of Kleene algebra (KA) that can be used for modeling a record based view of pointer structures. This is achieved by transferring some concepts of fuzzy relation theory to KAs. The defined framework enables us to maintain within a single extended Kleene algebra several equally shaped KAs modeling distinct record selectors.
RELATIVISM (AND EXPRESSIVISM) AND THE PROBLEM OF DISAGREEMENT

Many philosophers, in different areas, are tempted by what variously goes under the name of Contextualism, Speaker Relativism, Indexical Relativism. (I’ll just use Indexical Relativism in this paper.) Thinking of certain problematic expressions as deriving their content from elements of the context of use solves some problems. But it faces some problems of its own, and in this paper I’m interested in one in particular, namely, the problem of disagreement. Two alternative theories, tempting for just the same kinds of expressions as Indexical Relativism is meant to handle, promise to solve the problem of disagreement. I’ll argue that they do not live up to their promise. At the end of the paper, I’ll ask what exactly disagreement amounts to, and I’ll canvass some purported solutions.
System description : ATS: a language that combines programming with theorem proving

ATS is a language with a highly expressive type system that supports a restricted form of dependent types in which programs are not allowed to appear in type expressions. The language is separated into two components: a proof language in which (inductive) proofs can be encoded as (total recursive) functions that are erased before execution, and a programming language for constructing programs to be evaluated. This separation enables a paradigm that combines programming with theorem proving. In this paper, we illustrate by example how this programming paradigm is supported in ATS.
Radiative Transfer Modeling of Periodic Mass-Loss Enhancement During the AGB Phase

Thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars suffer mass loss which leads to the formation of a circumstellar shell of gas and dust. At the end of the AGB phase, mass-loss stops and the circumstellar shell begins to drift away from the star. Assuming the velocity of the AGB wind has been relatively constant, the history of mass loss during the AGB phase is imprinted on the dust shell of the post-AGB envelope. By studying the distribution of matter in these circumstellar shells we can gain a better understanding of the mass-loss processes involved in the evolution of these stars. Using far-infrared (IR) ISOPHOT images of the circumstellar shells of the Egg nebula and AFGL 618, we showed that dust shells can be imaged out to a radius of 2-3 pc, and that these dust shells show evidence for episodic enhancements in the mass loss with a period of ~104 years. Here, we present radiative transfer (RT) models of the dust shell around the Egg nebula using the 1-d RT code DUSTY which has been modified to include heating by the ISRF