cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removing redundant join operations in queries involving views

Abstract Views are understood as a good means to tailor base relations individually to the needs of each user. However, if a user formulates his queries in terms of views he often has no chance to express these queries without joins. In terms of base relations many of these joins would not be necessary, and therefore the advantages of the view concept are payed for with a reduced performance. This study shows that this performance reduction can be avoided by automatically transforming a certain class of queries formulated in terms of views into equivalent queries on their base relations. This transformation is performed on the source level of SQL and uses the functional dependencies of the base relations to remove redundant join operations. Performance measurements in a real application of System/R show that this method is very efficient.
Formin' the Connection between Microtubules and the Cell Cortex

In higher eukaryotes, the position of cytokinesis is determined by the position of the mitotic spindle ([Rappaport, 1990][1]). Generally, the spindle sits in the middle of the cell and cytokinesis produces two equivalent cells. However, many developmental processes require specific positioning of
Near-infrared imaging of interacting galaxies

Galaxy-galaxy interactions are known to cause dramatic changes in morphology and at the same time often induce large bursts of star formation activity. While optical images are sufficient to reveal the overall morphological peculiarities of these systems, they suffer from several problems, the greatest of which is obscuration by dust within the galaxies. Furthermore, small-scale structure seen in optical images is often dominated by the light of young and intermediate-age stars. With the advent of two-dimensional array detectors that operate in the near-infrared window, we can for the first time obtain high resolution images that escape the domination of young stars and lift the veil of dust in these galaxies. We have obtained near-infrared J and K-band images for 25 interacting galaxies at a resolution of 0.75 arcsec/pixel using the Kitt Peak National Observatory 58x62 element InSb infrared array camera. The galaxies were chosen from the larger sample compiled by Bushouse (1986), which has been studied in detail optically and in the far-infrared (Bushouse 1987; Bushouse, Lamb and Werner 1988).
Using Einzymatic Proteolysis to Reduce Copper-Protein Catalysis of Lipid Oxidation

Copper-catalyzed oxidation of methyl linoleate was studied in a model emulsion systsm containing either proteins or their hydroly-sates. Experiments were conducted with egg albumin, sodium caseinate, and soy proteins. Both the TEA test and diene conjugation measurements revealed that the prooxidant effects of proteins can be reduced by protoolysis. The evidence indicates that the prooxidant activity of complexes of copper and intact proteins is greater than that of copper and proteolytic products. This reduction of prooxidant activity is another example of how proteolysis can improve the functional properties of proteins.
Advanced Hydraulically Actuated Patient Transfer Assist Device

A new, advanced patient transfer device is being developed for moving mobility limited patients, for example, from a wheelchair to a bed or a floor into a chair. Current market patient lift devices are antiquated and insufficient for customer needs, with only one actuated degree of freedom. The high power to size ratio of hydraulic actuation makes it suitable for moving larger, heavier patients. We have developed a prototype pump-controlled hydraulically actuated patient transfer device that is more maneuverable and agile, using multiple actuated degrees of freedom. We are also working toward developing a more intuitive and safe caretaker interface and control strategy.We have performed an extensive needs assessment; these are a few associated key design requirements relevant to this presented work. A compact package is needed for ease of maneuvering the patient around obstacles in an uncertain environment. The device is capable of producing large forces, so it is desirable for the controller to minimize any unintentional large external contact forces, or provide force feedback. In this system, the caretaker and device work together to maneuver a complex payload, a human body; the operator’s mental workload must be minimized. With humans in the device workspace, safety and stability are necessary, including environment interactions.This new application presents several challenges related to the hydraulic control. First, we are using a separate bidirectional fixed displacement pump with a reversible brushed DC motor for each degree of freedom. The low level control involves obtaining desirable response from each motor-pump-actuator system, while compensating for significant static friction. At a higher level, we are testing several approaches to attain the desired intuitive control and desired dynamics, and minimize the operator workload. First, we are developing a coordinated control using a force input, such that the operator simply pushes on the device in the desired direction of motion. We are testing several different controllers to attain the desired dynamics. This paper presents the design of the machine, the proposed control structures as applied to this application, operator interface options, some preliminary results, and future work.© 2014 ASME
Estimates of population inversion for deep-UV transitions in Kr-like Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo in a high-current reflex discharge

Kr-like ions are good candidates for FUV lasing since they can be produced in plasmas quite easily. We present results from a spectroscopic investigation of Y IV emission from a high current density, cold cathode reflex discharge. The Y II to Y V emission is recorded in the 200-3000 {angstrom} range using photometrically calibrated spectrometers, while the emission of trace aluminum ions serves for plasma diagnostics. The intensities of the Y IV 4d - 5p and 5s - 5p transitions strongly increase relative to lines from Y II and Y III with increasing plasma current. The spectra studied here are obtained at a current density of 1.75 A/cm{sup 2}. Experimental Y IV intensity ratios spanning several excited configurations are compared with collisional radiative predictions of the HULLAC atomic physics package. Good agreement is found for the measured and predicted ratios of 4p{sup 5}5p to 4p{sup 5}5s level populations per statistical weight. Finally, the response of the Kr-like system to a fast, transient excitation pulse is examined using the RADEX code. Large transient gains are predicted for several 5s - 5p transitions in Y IV, Zr V, Nb VI and Mo VII.
Impulsivity in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: relation to control subjects and type 1–/type 2–like traits

Extensive literature has linked behavior control problems in childhood to risk for alcoholism, but impulsivity in alcohol-dependent adults has not been well characterized. Using a variety of laboratory measures of impulsivity, we assessed whether detoxified alcohol-dependent patients [(ADP); n = 130] were more impulsive than control subjects [(CS); n = 41]. In comparison with CS, ADP demonstrated (1) increased rates of commission errors, but not omission errors, in a continuous performance test, (2) a more severe devaluation of delayed reward, (3) increased rates of risky responses in a new risk-taking paradigm, and (4) higher psychometric scores of impulsivity and aggression. Across all subjects, aggressiveness correlated significantly with severity of delay discounting. A post hoc analysis of data obtained for male ADP indicated that, in comparison with patients with late onset of problem drinking and no problem-drinking parent, those ADP with earlier age of problem drinking and who reported a problem-drinking father (type 2-like alcohol dependence) demonstrated faster response latencies and more responses to non-target stimuli (commission errors) in the continuous performance test, as well as higher psychometric aggression. In contrast, these subtypes of male ADP did not differ in delay discounting and risk taking. These findings collectively indicate that, in comparison with CS, ADP are more impulsive in several dimensions, with elevated impulsivity in a working memory task as well as aggressivity characteristic of alcohol-dependent men with type 2-like features.
Making visible the invisible logic of inquiry: Uncovering multiple challenges

Book reviewed in this article: Discourse Analysis and the Study of Classroom Language and Literacy Events: A Microethnographic Perspective. David Bloome, Stephanie Power Carter, Beth Morton Christian, Sheila Otto, and Nora Shuart-Faris. 2005.
The NMR spectra of some halopropenes

Abstract The relative signs and magnitudes of the coupling constants, and the chemical shifts are given for the cis and trans 1-, and the 2-fluoro-, chloro-, and bromopropenes. The relative signs of all of the couplings in these molecules are determined by inspection of the overlap of first-order multiplets, by analysis of second-order features in single resonance spectra, and by proton-proton and proton-fluorine double resonance experiments. In these molecules, the geminal and long-range proton-proton couplings are opposite in sign to the vicinal, cis and trans proton-proton couplings, and are opposite in sign to all the proton-fluorine coupling constants.
Mechanosensitivity of dorsal root ganglia and chronically injured axons: a physiological basis for the radicular pain of nerve root compression.

Abstract The radicular pain of sciatica was ascribed by Mixter and Barr to compression of the spinal root by a herniated intervertebral disc. It was assumed that root compression produced prolonged firing in the injured sensory fibers and led to pain perceived in the peripheral distribution of those fibers. This concept has been challenged on the basis that acute peripheral nerve compression neuropathies are usually painless. Furthermore, animal experiments have rarely shown more than several seconds of repetitive firing in acutely compressed nerves or nerve roots. It has been suggested that “radicular pain” is actually pain referred to the extremity through activation of deep spinal and paraspinal nociceptors. Our experiments on cat lumbar dorsal roots and rabbit sural nerves have confirmed that acute compression of the root or nerve does not produce more than several seconds of repetitive firing. However, long periods of repetitive firing (5–25 min) follow minimal acute compression of the normal dorsal root ganglion. Chronic injury of dorsal roots or sural nerve produces a marked increase in mechanical sensitivity; several minutes of repetitive firing may follow acute compression of such chronically injured sites. Such prolonged responses could be evoked repeatedly in a population of both rapidly and slowly conducting fibers. Since mechanical compression of either the dorsal root ganglion or of chronically injured roots can induce prolonged repetitive firing in sensory axons, we conclude that radicular pain is due to activity in the fibers appropriate to the area of perceived pain.
Nodular liver involvement in light chain multiple myeloma: appearance on US and MRI

Nodular liver infiltration with multiple myeloma is very rare and its findings on MR images have not been, to our knowledge, previously described. The authors report a case of light chain multiple myeloma nodular liver involvement and describe its appearance on US and MRI. Despite their rarity these lesions have distinct MRI features and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple lesions with high SI on T1-weighted images.
Recommendations for modeling disaster responses in public health and medicine: a position paper of the society for medical decision making.

Purpose. Mathematical and simulation models are increasingly used to plan for and evaluate health sector responses to disasters, yet no clear consensus exists regarding best practices for the desig...
Validity of the alcohol use disorders identification test in college students.

Background: High-risk alcohol use among college students is associated with accidents, partner violence, unwanted sexual encounters, tobacco use, and performance issues. The identification and treatment of high-risk drinking students is a priority for many college campuses and college health centers. The goal of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in college students. Methods: A convenience sample of students coming into a college health clinic was asked to complete the 10-question AUDIT and then participate in a research interview. The interview focused on assessing students for alcohol abuse and dependence by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module and timeline follow-back procedures to assess a 28-day drinking history. Results: A total of 302 students met the eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The sample consisted of 185 females (61%) and 117 males (39%), with a mean age of 20.3 years. Forty students were abstinent, 88 were high-risk drinkers, and 103 met criteria for a 12-month history of dependence. Receiver operator curves demonstrated that the AUDIT had the highest area under the cure for detecting high-risk alcohol use (0.872) and the lowest for identifying persons with a lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence (0.775). An AUDIT cutoff score of 6 or greater demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.0% and a specificity of 60.0% in the detection of high-risk drinkers. Conclusions: The AUDIT has reasonable psychometric properties in sample of college students using student health services. This study supports the use of the AUDIT in this population.
Effect of a Physician Uncertainty Reduction Intervention on Blood Pressure in Uncontrolled Hypertensives—A Cluster Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND Clinical inertia, provider failure to appropriately intensify treatment, is a major contributor to uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). Some clinical inertia may result from physician uncertainty over the patient’s usual BP, adherence, or value of continuing efforts to control BP through lifestyle changes.
Solid-solution hardening by point-like obstacles of different kinds

The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for a dislocation percolating through penetrable obstacles with different pinning strength is derived analytically. The stability of dislocation–obstacle configurations is determined by evaluating the configurational entropy. The analytical results imply a superposition law for the concentration of pinning obstacles on the dislocation line, and a Pythagorean-type hardening rule for the CRSS when obstacle strengths are weak and nearly the same. For comparison with derived results, discrete dislocation dynamics simulations are performed for irradiated iron.
The optimal control of heterogeneous queueing systems: a paradigm for load-sharing and routing

The essence of the basic control decisions implicit in load-sharing and routing algorithms is captured in a simple model of heterogeneous queue control. The authors solve for the optimal control policy and investigate the performance of previously proposed policies in a tractable limit of this model. Using their understanding of this solvable limit, the authors propose heuristic policies for the general model. Simulation data for these policies suggest that they perform well over a wide range of system parameters. >
A single spike suffices: the simplest form of stochastic resonance in model neurons

Input noise, defined as the root mean square of the fluctuations in the input, typically limits the performance of any system in engineering or biology. We show that three different performance measures scale identically as a function of the noise in a simple model of neuronal spiking that has both a voltage and current threshold. These performance measures are: the probability of correctly detecting a constant input in a limited time, the signal-to-noise ratio in response to sinusoidal input, and the mutual information between an arbitrarily varying input and the output spike train of the model neuron. Of these, detecting a constant signal is the simplest and most fundamental quantity. For subthreshold signals, the model exhibits stochastic resonance, a non-zero noise amplitude that optimally enhances signal detection. In this case, noise paradoxically does not limit, but instead improves performance. This resonance arises through the conjunction of two competing mechanisms: the noise-induced linearization (‘dithering’) of the model's firing rate and the increase in the variability of the number of spikes in the output. Even though the noise amplitude dwarfs the signal, detection of a weak constant signal using stochastic resonance is still possible when the signal elicits on average only one additional spike. Stochastic resonance could thus play a role in neurobiological sensory systems, where speed is of the utmost importance and averaging over many individual spikes is not possible.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF MIVACURIUM N NORMAL PATIENTS AND IN THOSE WITH HEPATIC OR RENAL FAILURE

We have determined the pharmacokinetics and duration of action of a bolus dose of mivacurium (0.15 mg kg−1) during isoflurane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia in nine patients with normal renal and liver function, nine patients undergoing cadaveric kidney transplantation and nine patients undergoing cadaveric liver transplantation. Total plasma concentrations of mivacurium were measured for 2.5 h after administration using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Plasma concentration vs time data for what were presumed to be the two active mivacurium isomers were analysed by a non-compartmental method based on statistical moments. Neuromuscular block was assessed by measuring the electromyographic evoked response of the adductor pollicis muscle to train-of-four stimulation of the ulnar nerve. The mean time to recovery of 25% neuromuscular transmission, T25, was greater in the patients with liver failure (57.2 min) than in control patients (18.7 min). The volume of distribution at steady rate (Vdss) was comparable in the three groups. Patients with impaired liver function had significantly longer mean residence time and smaller plasma clearance than did patients with renal failure or control patients. There were significant negative correlations between plasma cholinesterase activity and both T25 (r = 0.79) and mean residence time (x = 0.62)
Hacienda and Market in Eighteenth-Century Mexico: The Rural Economy of the Guadalajara Region, 1675-1820

Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Introduction to the 25th Anniversary Edition Chapter 3 Introduction Part 4 Part I. The Human and Natural Environment Chapter 5 Chapter 1. The Guadalajara Region in Time and Space Chapter 6 Chapter 2. Demographic Change-Rural and Urban Part 7 Part II. Guadalajara as a Market: Urban Demand and Public Policy Chapter 8 Chapter 3. Meat Chapter 9 Chapter 4. Wheat Chapter 10 Chapter 5. Maize Part 11 Part III. The Flowering of the Hacienda System Chapter 12 Chapter 6. The late Colonial Hacienda-An Introduction Chapter 13 Chapter 7. Hacienda Ownership-Stability and Instability Chapter 14 Chapter 8. Hacienda Ownership-Sources of Capital Chapter 15 Chapter 9. Hacienda Ownership-Patterns and Value and Investment Chapter 16 Chapter 10. Hacienda Production-The Changing Equilibrium Chapter 17 Chapter 11. Hacienda Labor Part 18 Part IV. 'Desde Tiempo Inmemorial': Late Colonial Conflicts over Land Chapter 19 Chapter 12. Population Pressure in the Countryside Chapter 20 Chapter 13. Formation and Stability of the Hacienda Chapter 21 Chapter 14. The Clash
Attitudinal Correlates of Employees' Deviance: Theft, Alcohol Use, and Nonprescribed Drug Use

Employees' on-the-job theft, alcohol use, and nonprescribed drug use cost businesses billions of dollars yearly due to shrinkage, lowered productivity, absenteeism, law suits related to accidents, etc. Sampling 39 employees from three different workplaces, statistically significant relationships between attitudes toward socially unacceptable deviant behavior, as measured by the Personnel Security Inventory, and employee on-the-job behavior in the areas of theft, alcohol use, and illicit drug use were found. Practical implications of these findings in relation to the pre-employment screening of job applicants and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 are discussed.
Comorbidity Between Reading Disability and Math Disability Concurrent Psychopathology, Functional Impairment, and Neuropsychological Functioning

Reading disability (RD) and math disability (MD) frequently co-occur, but the etiology of this comorbidity is not well understood. Groups with RD only (N = 241), MD only (N = 183), and RD + MD (N = 188) and a control group with neither disorder (N = 411) completed a battery of measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, social and academic functioning, and 10 neuropsychological processes. Groups with RD only, MD only, and RD + MD were significantly impaired versus the control group on nearly all measures, and the group with RD + MD was more impaired than the groups with MD and RD alone on measures of internalizing psychopathology, academic functioning, and 7 of 10 neuropsychological constructs. Multiple regression analyses of the neuropsychological measures indicated that deficits in reading and math were associated with shared weaknesses in working memory, processing speed, and verbal comprehension. In contrast, reading difficulties were uniquely associated with weaknesses in phoneme awareness and naming speed, and math deficits were uniquely associated with weaknesses in set shifting. These results support multiple-deficit neuropsychological models of RD and MD and suggest that RD and MD are distinct but related disorders that co-occur because of shared neuropsychological weaknesses in working memory, processing speed, and verbal comprehension.
SUPPRESSION OF CELLULAR ALTERNANS IN GUINEA PIG VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES WITH LQT2: INSIGHTS FROM THE LUO–RUDY MODEL

Genetic and drug-induced abnormalities of cardiac repolarization have been linked to fatal arrhythmias. These arrhythmias result from a complex interaction of the remaining currents during excitation and repolarization. In this review, we examine recent advancement in investigations of genetic heart diseases and mechanisms of arrhythmia generation. We also present our simulation of repolarization during rapid pacing for different levels of block of the rapid delayed rectifier current, IKr, and pharmacological interventions using the Luo–Rudy model. Control simulations showed the development of alternans at a basic cycle length (BCL) of 131 ms. Two levels of IKr block were simulated corresponding to type 2 of familial long QT syndrome, LQT2. At 100% IKr block, the threshold BCL for the appearance of alternans increased to 145 ms and for shorter cycle lengths showed increasingly complex patterns of periodic and chaotic behavior. We examined the potential of other currents to correct this complex behavior. Improvement of the threshold for bifurcation as a function of BCL was achieved by: (1) 100% block of a nonspecific Ca2+-activated current; (2) 15% block of L-type Ca2+ current; (3) 20% increase of Na+/K+ pump current; (4) 50% increase of SERCA2 pump activity. Conversely, increased L-type Ca2+ current, decreased Na+/K+ pump current, or decreased SERCA2 pump activity increased the threshold BCL. Modification of several other currents had little effect. Alternans and chaotic activity develop at fast pacing rates in model guinea pig ventricular myocytes through a sequence of bifurcations. We elucidated mechanisms that modify the development of alternans which may provide novel targets for treatment of patients with LQT2.
Control of Polynomial Nonlinear Systems Using Higher Degree Lyapunov Functions

In this paper, we propose a new control design approach for polynomial nonlinear systems based on higher degree Lyapunov functions. To derive higher degree Lyapunov functions and polynomial nonlinear controllers effectively, the original nonlinear systems are augmented under the rule of power transformation. The augmented systems have more state variables and the additional variables represent higher order combinations of the original ones. As a result, the stabilization and L2 gain control problems with higher degree Lyapunov functions can be recast to the search of quadratic Lyapunov functions for augmented nonlinear systems. The sum-of-squares (SOS) programming is then used to solve the quadratic Lyapunov function of augmented state variables (higher degree in terms of original states) and its associated nonlinear controllers through convex optimization problems. The proposed control approach has also been extended to polynomial nonlinear systems subject to actuator saturations for better performance including domain of attraction (DOA) expansion and regional L2 gain minimization. Several examples are used to illustrate the advantages and benefits of the proposed approach for unsaturated and saturated polynomial nonlinear systems. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026172]
Guest Editors' Introduction: Process Variation and Stochastic Design and Test

As silicon manufacturing processes scale to and beyond the 65-nm node, process variations are consuming an increasingly larger portion of design and test budgets. Such variations play a significant part in subthreshold leakage and other important device performance metrics. The rise in inherent systematic and random nonuniformity as we scale our silicon devices to the level of atomic scaling will have far-reaching effects on every aspect of design, manufacturing, test, and overall reliability. This special issue explores this subject from different perspectives: process monitoring, testing, adaptive circuits, and architecture changes.
p‐version least‐squares finite element formulation of Burgers' equation

A p-version least-squares finite element formulation for non-linear problems is presented and applied to the steady-state, one-dimensional Burgers' equation. The second-order equation is recast as a set of first-order equations which permit the use of C0 elements. The primary and auxiliary variables are approximated using equal-order p-version hierarchical approximation functions. The system of non-linear simultaneous algebraic equations resulting from the least-squares process is solved using Newton's method with a line search. The use of ‘exact’ and ‘reduced’ quadrature rules is investigated and the results are compared. The formulation is found to produce excellent results when the ‘exact’ integration rule is used. The combination of least-squares finite element formulation and p-version works extremely well for Burgers' equation and appears to have great potential in fluid dynamics problems.
Quantitative analysis of the cross-linked structure of microgels using fluorescent probes

Properties of polymeric microgels are influenced by the internal polymer cross-linked structure, but tools to quantitatively analyze this internal structure are limited. With the finding that polymer networks alter the diffusivity and subsequent excimer formation of pyrene, this study used the ratio between pyrene excimer and monomer emission to determine the number of cross-links (N) and average pore size (ξ) in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) microgels. A calibration curve to relate pyrene emission to N and ξ in PEGDA hydrogels was prepared and used to calculate N and ξ in PEGDA microgels. The pyrene emission indicated that PEGDA microgels had a higher cross-linking density and a smaller average pore size when compared with bulk cross-linked hydrogels of the same PEGDA concentration. The analytical method demonstrated in this study may be useful for fine-tuning polymeric microgel properties for a broad array of applications.
BANK LOAN COVENANT MEASURES AND MIS-MEASURES

Bank loan covenants are restrictions that require stated levels of performance by borrowers, and are often measured by standard financial ratios. The research on loan covenants has assumed that these measures are useful, providing information to lenders as to the viability of borrowers. This article uses a sample of current ratios to suggest that such balance sheet ratios may have limited predictive value of impeding defaults, and proposes that total receipts-to-cash flow, a ratio comprised of data from both significant financial statements, provides superior forecasts of such outcomes. The research is based on U.S. experience during the recent credit crisis.
Sinter‐Forging of Nanocrystalline Zirconia: I, Experimental

Nanocrystalline (15 nm) yttria (3 mol%)-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) was sinter-forged under conditions of varying temperature (1,050--1,200 C), plastic strain rate (5 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} to 2 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} s{sup {minus}1}), and green density (33--48%), using constant-crosshead-speed tests, constant-load (i.e., load-and-hold) tests, and constant-loading-rate tests. The densification and pore size evolution results indicate that plastic strain is largely responsible for elimination of large pores, while diffusional mechanisms control the elimination of small pores. Grain growth during sinter-forging is observed to be dependent solely on porosity during intermediate-stage sintering. Once the powder compact enters final-stage sintering, however, both static (time- and temperature-dependent) and dynamic (plastic-strain-dependent) grain growth take place, greatly accelerating the overall rate of grain growth. The use of fast strain rates to impose plastic strain before the onset of dynamic grain growth is proposed as a method of preserving small grain sizes during sinter-forging.
Accounting for the Relative Importance of Objects in Image Retrieval

We introduce a method for image retrieval that leverages the implicit information about object importance conveyed by the list of keyword tags a person supplies for an image. We propose an unsupervised learning procedure based on Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis that discovers the relationship between how humans tag images (e.g., the order in which words are mentioned) and the relative importance of objects and their layout in the scene. Using this discovered connection, we show how to boost accuracy for novel queries, such that the search results may more closely match the user’s mental image of the scene being sought. We evaluate our approach on two datasets, and show clear improvements over both an approach relying on image features alone, as well as a baseline that uses words and image features, but ignores the implied importance cues.
Hybrid management: Boundary organizations, science policy, and environmental governance in the climate regime

The theory of boundary organizations was developed to address an important group of institutions in American society neglected by scholarship in science studies and political science. The long-term...
Sequence-Intrinsic Mechanisms that Target AID Mutational Outcomes on Antibody Genes.

Summary In activated B lymphocytes, AID initiates antibody variable (V) exon somatic hypermutation (SHM) for affinity maturation in germinal centers (GCs) and IgH switch (S) region DNA breaks (DSBs) for class-switch recombination (CSR). To resolve long-standing questions, we have developed an in vivo assay to study AID targeting of passenger sequences replacing a V exon. First, we find AID targets SHM hotspots within V exon and S region passengers at similar frequencies and that the normal SHM process frequently generates deletions, indicating that SHM and CSR employ the same mechanism. Second, AID mutates targets in diverse non-Ig passengers in GC B cells at levels similar to those of V exons, definitively establishing the V exon location as "privileged" for SHM. Finally, Peyer's patch GC B cells generate a reservoir of V exons that are highly mutated before selection for affinity maturation. We discuss the implications of these findings for harnessing antibody diversification mechanisms.
Polarity establishment requires localized activation of Cdc42.

Establishment of cell polarity in animal and fungal cells involves localization of the conserved Rho-family guanosine triphosphatase, Cdc42, to the cortical region destined to become the “front” of the cell. The high local concentration of active Cdc42 promotes cytoskeletal polarization through various effectors. Cdc42 accumulation at the front is thought to involve positive feedback, and studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have suggested distinct positive feedback mechanisms. One class of mechanisms involves localized activation of Cdc42 at the front, whereas another class involves localized delivery of Cdc42 to the front. Here we show that Cdc42 activation must be localized for successful polarity establishment, supporting local activation rather than local delivery as the dominant mechanism in this system.
Efinaconazole and Tavaborole

Purpose:The purpose of this article is to review the safety, efficacy, and role of efinaconazole and tavaborole in the treatment of onychomycosis.Summary:Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the ...
Child seated next to me: The continuing quest for equal educational opportunity

This article examines the various integration strategies used to attain equal educational opportunity and suggests that such equality may be achieved by focusing on improving neighborhood schools rather than using divisive integration models.
A Multi-Mesh CFD Technique for Adaptive Mesh Solutions

Multi-Mesh CFD is implemented for a finite volume method code and used to solve the quasi-1D nozzle problem. This method solves each governing equation on a different mesh that has been adapted specifically for that equation. These meshes are adapted through r-adaptation (i.e. node movement) using truncation error (TE) as the criterion for refinement. The adaptation is performed either through TE equidistribution or mesh optimization. Because each governing equation operates on a mesh adapted to reduce its own TE, the resulting solution may have lower discretization errors compared to both the unadapted meshes and a more traditional adaptation process with only one mesh.
Absolutely continuous spectrum of a typical operator on a cylinder

We consider a family of elliptic operators depending on a real parameter and prove that the a.c. spectrum covers the half-line for almost every value of .
Abstract 554: Detection and separation of live circulating tumor cells using lipid dye

Purpose: Separation of live circulating tumor cells (CTC) for culturing and monitoring treatment response is highly desirable. We have shown previously that CTC could be distinguished from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) based on the intracellular lipid content. This study utilizes intracellular lipid as a biomarker to separate live CTC from PBMC for culturing and assessing treatment response. Methods: We used Bodipy dye, a fluorescent fatty acid analog that undergoes native transport and metabolism in living cells, to label lipid-rich CTC. LNCaP cells incubated with 50% plasma for 16 hours were used as mock CTC. Test samples contained PBMC (106 cells) spiked with mock CTC (500 cells), which were stained with Bodipy and antibodies against CD45, a biomarker for leukocytes (PBMC). Bodipy+/CD45- CTC were detected and then sorted using a flow cytometer. The sorted Bodipy+/CD45- cells were evaluated for cell viability and their suitability for culturing with trypan blue staining. Results: The Bodipy/CD45 staining permitted detection and sorting of 375 mock CTC from total 500 spiked LNCAPs (75% efficiency). These cells remained live as confirmed by trypan blue staining indicating suitability for culturing. All sorted cells were further confirmed to be epithelial LNCaP cells with pan-cytokeratin (CK) staining, a biomarker for epithelial cells. The recovery efficiency for live CTC sorting using Bodipy/CD45 staining is comparable with existing methods for isolation of fixed (non-live) CTC using CK/CD45 staining (85%). Conclusion: Bodipy-positive stain together with CD45 negative stain provided an inexpensive and reliable means to isolate live CTC. Citation Format: Ranjana Mitra, Oscar Goodman Jr, Thuc Timothy Le. Detection and separation of live circulating tumor cells using lipid dye. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 554. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-554
Identifying the Barriers to Games and Simulations in Education: Creating a Valid and Reliable Survey

The purpose of this study was to create a valid and reliable instrument to measure teacher perceived barriers to the adoption of games and simulations in education. Previous research, interviews wi...
A censored quantile regression approach for the analysis of time to event data

The commonly used statistical model for studying time to event data, the Cox proportional hazards model, is limited by the assumption of a constant hazard ratio over time (i.e., proportionality), and the fact that it models the hazard rate rather than the survival time directly. The censored quantile regression model, defined on the quantiles of time to event, provides an alternative that is more flexible and interpretable. However, the censored quantile regression model has not been widely adopted in clinical research, due to the complexity involved in interpreting its results properly and consequently the difficulty to appreciate its advantages over the Cox proportional hazards model, as well as the absence of adequate validation procedure. In this paper, we addressed these limitations by (1) using both simulated examples and data from National Wilms' Tumor clinical trials to illustrate proper interpretation of the censored quantile regression model and the differences and the advantages of the model compared to the Cox proportional hazards model; and (2) developing a validation procedure for the predictive censored quantile regression model. The performance of this procedure was examined using simulation studies. Overall, we recommend the use of censored quantile regression model, which permits a more sensitive analysis of time to event data together with the Cox proportional hazards model.
Surrogacy:between the traditional morality and the legal systems

With the development of the surrogacy,it have the greatest impact on traditional morality and the legal systems.Give an accurate definition of the surrogacy,to research the surrogacy in the background of social change,to give the conclusions of this study.
Transcription and mRNA stability regulate developmental and hormonal expression of rabbit surfactant protein B gene

Surfactant protein B (SP-B), a hydrophobic protein of pulmonary surfactant, is essential for the surface tension-reducing properties of surfactant. In the present study, we isolated and characteriz...
Annealing Study on Aluminum Composite Cryoconductors

The results of annealing on the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of composite aluminum cryoconductor wire are presented. The independent variables of the study include the wire diameter, number of pure aluminum filaments, matrix alloy composition and manufacturing method. The dependent variables include annealing temperature, annealing time and cooling rate. This investigation was undertaken to determine the optimum post manufacturing heat treatment and to learn about the sensitivity of wire RRR to variations in the heat treatment schedule.
Current concepts regarding use of DMPA.

Since its introduction, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) has proven to be among the most effective methods of reversible contraception. The unique set of characteristics that distinguish this method from other contraceptive options may render it the most suitable method of pregnancy prevention for many women. Accurate information is essential in counseling women attempting to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of this method of contraception relative to others. Since DMPA was approved in the U.S. for use as a contraceptive, clinical studies have continued to generate new details about the effect of this agent on bleeding patterns, mood and weight change. In this overview, the goal is to evaluate objective data in the context of practical management.
Innovations in topographically sensitive urban design: evaluating landform conservation strategies in Perth’s northern suburbs

Along Perth’s expanding northern coastal corridor, earthwork terracing prepares highly malleable coastal dunes for suburban development. Although local urban design policies of the past decade emphasised the value of conserving and expressing natural topography, terraces and retaining walls remained as the development standard. More recently, topographically responsive planning and design innovations have emerged in several coastal suburban developments. Through four cases studies, the article evaluates the impact of these recent innovations on landform character conservation and suburban planning. The article contributes to the ongoing development of topographically sensitive planning practices, which are pertinent within the global context of increasing coastal suburbanisation.
Ultimate meaning in the poetry of Edmund Spenser

Le present article commence par une biographie du poete Edmund Spenser (1552-99) et une presentation de ses oeuvres principales. Puis il considere le cote pastoral de ce poete, essentiellement dans son Calendrier du berger (1579), et d'autres plus tardifs. Il etudie ensuite le poeme epique qu'est La reine des fees, douze livres qui constituent un monument poetique de la Renaissance (1591-1596). Il souligne, pour finir, ce qui transparait de sa foi chretienne dans certains de ses derniers poemes.
Gastric cancer. Clinical and pathologic features

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Very little progress has been made in improving the dismal cure rate of gastric cancer over the last 30 years in the United States. Unless major breakthroughs develop in chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the only way to improve survival rates rests with earlier recognition and prevention.
Asymptotic Properties of Hazard Rate Estimator in Censored Linear Regression

We consider nonparametric inference for error hazard rates in linear regression with right censored data. The estimator for hazard rate function is defined based on the kernel-smoothed estimator of error density, which makes use of the Kaplan-Meier estimator of the error distribution. We obtain the limit distribution for the maximum deviation of the hazard rate estimator.
THE WATER-HOLDING MECHANISM OF SANDGROUSE FEATHERS

1. The barbules of the abdominal feathers of sandgrouse exhibit structural characteristics which are favourable for the uptake of large quantities of water. This feature greatly assists the male of the species in his efforts to bring water to the young. 2. The structural details of feather keratin, peculiar to many fibrous proteins, provide a straightforward explanation of the mechanical transformation of sandgrouse barbules, when wetted, in physico-chemical terms appropriate to macromolecular systems. 3. X-ray analysis of dry and wetted sandgrouse barbules qualitatively support the proposed mechanism of a reversible melting-recrystallization cycle for the barbule keratin.
A Mode-Accelerated XXr (MAX) method for complex structures with large blends

Abstract Various reduced order models have been proposed for characterizing cyclic symmetric structures with complex geometry and varying material properties that are subject to complex boundary or loading conditions. Small variations can be represented as small mass or stiffness mistuning. Techniques developed to handle such variations rely on the fact that the modes of the system can be accurately approximated using a linear combination of modes of the healthy/nominal system. Such approximations are valid in regions of high modal density, but they break down when variations are large or geometric changes are present. To address this challenge, a novel method is presented to predict the vibration response of cyclic symmetric structures with large geometric changes due to damage in the form of missing material (blends). The central idea of the new approach is an extension of the XXr method for cracked structures. The XXr method was developed for modeling small mistuning and large cracks. That method is extended in this work to handle large blends. In addition, a specialized component mode synthesis is combined with the extended XXr method to maintain accuracy. Also, unique to the proposed novel method is a technique to accelerate the convergence of the order reduction, and thus obtain very low order models. These low order models provide excellent computational speed and effectiveness while maintaining accuracy. Therefore, the method can be applied to highly refined, realistic models of industrial size. To demonstrate the proposed mode-accelerated XXr method, the effects of large blends on the response of a bladed disk are investigated.
Relative time multiplexing of heralded single photons for efficient quantum communication

We demonstrate relative time multiplexing of heralded single-photon sources, using a low-loss photon storage technique. Our scheme can realize efficient two-photon quantum communication protocols, e.g., measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution.
Malaria, Epstein–Barr virus infection and the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma

A geographical and causal connection has long been recognized between malaria, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Potential clues are that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum selectively absorbs vitamin A from the host and depends on it for its biological activities; secondly, alterations in vitamin A (retinoid) metabolism have been implicated in many forms of cancer, including BL. The first author has proposed that the merozoite-stage malaria parasite, emerging from the liver, uses its absorbed vitamin A as a cell membrane destabilizer to invade the red blood cells, causing anemia and other signs and symptoms of the disease as manifestations of an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A (Mawson AR, Path Global Health 2013;107(3):122-9). Repeated episodes of malaria would therefore be expected to expose the tissues of affected individuals to potentially toxic doses of vitamin A. It is proposed that such episodes activate latent EBV infection, which in turn activates retinoid-responsive genes. Expression of these genes enhances viral replication and induces germinal center (GC) B cell expansion, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression, and c-myc translocation, which in turn predisposes to BL. Thus, an endogenous form of retinoid toxicity related to malaria infection may be the common factor linking frequent malaria, EBV infection and BL, whereby prolonged exposure of lymphatic tissues to high concentrations of retinoids may combine to induce B-cell translocation and increase the risk of Burkitt's lymphoma.
Abstract WMP22: Reduced White Matter Integrity in Acute Stroke Patients With Language Deficits: a Tract-based Spatial Statistics Study

Introduction: We examined white matter integrity in acute stroke Patients with Language Deficits. Hypothesis: Microstructural abnormality in specific white matter tracts would show significant redu...