cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbiome modulates intestinal homeostasis against inflammatory diseases

Eliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning diarrhea. In this review, we introduce the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and microbiome modulation of inflammation against intestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide updated knowledge on host-microbe interaction and to promote using microbiome as new antimicrobial strategies to reduce intestinal diseases.
PENERAPAN DAN MAKNA SIMBOLIS ORNAMEN TRADISIONAL LAMPUNG KARYA HARYONO DI SUKABUMI BANDAR LAMPUNG

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa tentang ornamen tradisional Lampung yang diterapkan pada media kayu, khususnya: (1) Unsur dan makna apa yang terkandung dalam ornamen tradisional Lampung,(2) Bagaimana proses penerapan ornamen tradisional Lampung karya Haryono,(3) Faktor apa yang mendorong dibuatnya ornamen tradisional Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sedangkan jenis penelitian ini adalah observasi dan pengamatan terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam perkembangan ornamen Lampung. Variabel dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan dan makna simbolis, Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ornamen Tradisional Lampung, objek penelitian ini adalah penerapan dan makna simbolis, Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara: Kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitiannya menggunakan: Instrumen kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi berupa foto. Teknik analisa data dengan cara: menghimpun data, mereduksi data, mengklasifikasis data, menganalisis data, menarik kesimpulan, dan menyusun laporan. Hasil penelitiannya adalah: (1) ) ada beberapa unsur ornamen Lampung yang diterapkan Haryono pada karya-karyanya, seperti: manusia, fauna, flora, perahu atau kapal, rumah, pohon hayat, siger, geometris serta motif lainnya. Setiap unsur ornamen Lampung memiliki makna simbolis, makna yang ada pada ornamen Lampung sangat mencerminkan keadaan masyarakat Lampung sejak dahulu, dan makna tersebut sangat dipercaya oleh masyarakat Lampung (2) Dalam proses mengembangkan ornamen Lampung dengan menerapkannya pada media kayu, Haryono menggunakan beberapa teknik, yaitu sekrol, router dan ukir, kombinasi antara alat masinal (modern) dan manual (tradisional) yang dilakukan Haryono bertujuan agar proses yang dilakukan lebih cepat dan rapih (3) faktor yang mendorong Haryono untuk mengembangkan ornamen Lampung adalah untuk melestarikan budaya (ornamen Lampung) agar tidak hilang, dan juga Faktor kepuasan batin didalam menciptakan sebuah karya. Kata Kunci :Penerapan, Makna simbolis, ornamen, Tradisional
For the love of science: the correspondence of J. H. de Magellan (1722–1790)

Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan was born as Joao Jacinto de Magalhaes in Aveiro, Portugal, in 1722 and died in London in 1790. He was well versed in the main contributions to the chemistry, astronomy an...
Weekly Changes in Blame and PTSD Among Active-Duty Military Personnel Receiving Cognitive Processing Therapy

Both negative posttraumatic cognitions and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms decrease over the course of cognitive-behavior therapy for PTSD; however, further research is needed to determine whether cognitive change precedes and predicts symptom change. The present study examined whether weekly changes in blame predicted subsequent changes in PTSD symptoms over the course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Participants consisted of 321 active duty U.S. Army soldiers with PTSD who received CPT in one of two clinical trials. Symptoms of PTSD and blame were assessed at baseline and weekly throughout treatment. Bivariate latent difference score modeling was used to examine temporal sequential dependencies between the constructs. Results indicated that changes in self-blame and PTSD symptoms were dynamically linked: When examining cross-construct predictors, changes in PTSD symptoms were predicted by prior changes in self-blame, but changes in self-blame were also predicted by both prior levels of and prior changes in PTSD. Changes in other-blame were predicted by prior levels of PTSD, but changes in other-blame did not predict changes in PTSD symptoms. Findings highlight the dynamic relationship between self-blame and PTSD symptoms during treatment in this active military sample.
Distributing Justice: Transitional Justice and Stabilisation in North Africa

This chapter identifies ways in which transitional justice in the post-2011 Middle East and North Africa has affected stability, shaped change and allocated power. Using examples drawn from Libya, Tunisia and Egypt, the chapter focuses on the conditions of transition, the choice of justice practices, the treatment of economic harms and the relationship between time and justice. In doing so, it argues for a view of justice projects as distributional and political—and thus as critical sites of social contestation—rather than inherently stabilising or destabilising. As the chapter demonstrates, in certain circumstances, transitional justice can generate a persistent confrontation with a violent past as well as a space to challenge an unequal present. It can also, however, be instrumentalised on behalf of the powerful, deployed against the weak or defanged and delegitimised.
Technological Efficiency in The Learning Management System: A Wicked Problem with Sustainability for Online Writing Instruction

Abstract Many online writing instructors are forced to use their institution’s learning management system (LMS) as a result of interstate agreements for online course accreditation and a correlated requirement to create course shells. This situation presents a wicked problem for online writing instruction (OWI): the necessity to teach with/through an LMS, despite a well-developed scholarship tradition of technological critique in the computers and composition field. Using a framework comprised of problem, need, and solution, I highlight this problem’s effects by conducting a literature review of critiques on technologies associated with the teaching of writing; uphold the argument that technological efficiency partially causes the problem; show how some writing teachers are attempting to solve the problem; and trace the outline of a solution using Thomas Rickert’s (2013) theory of ambient rhetoric as it relates to efficiency and sufficiency in order to keep OWI a sustainable practice.
Comorbid Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis.

Introduction. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic illness most commonly found in women under 40 years. The most common psychiatric comorbidities found in MG include depressive and anxiety disorders. Clinical Presentation. We describe a case of a 43-year-old African American female with MG who was brought in for shortness of breath. History included MG diagnosed twelve years prior to the current presentation and a history of seven intubations. The patient was admitted to the ICU and intubated. She endorsed poor sleep, easy fatigability, and feeling hopeless in the context of psychosocial stressors—being single, homeless, and unemployed. The patient was started on Zoloft 50 mg per oral daily for depression and Atarax 50 mg per oral three times a day for anxiety. The patient responded well to the treatment and was discharged on day 10 after the resolution of her symptoms with appropriate aftercare in place. Discussion. Depressive and anxiety symptoms usually develop as comorbidity during MG disease. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, besides motor symptoms, have a negative impact on the quality of life. Mental health must be a clinical focus during the treatment of somatic symptoms during MG.
A Low 50-gram, 1-hour Glucose Challenge Test Value Predicts Neonatal Birth Weight Less than the 10th Percentile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective This study aimed to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate if women with a low 50-g, 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT) value are at risk for having neonates with a birth weight less than the 10th percentile. Study Design A computerized literature search was conducted to identify studies that compared outcomes of pregnant women with a low GCT value versus women with a normal GCT value during routine screening for gestational diabetes. Results Sixteen cohort studies were included for analysis. Women with a low GCT value were noted to have a 43% increased odds of having neonates with birth weight less than the 10th percentile (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.60) and 30% increased odds of having neonates with a birth weight less than 2,500 g (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.7) when compared with women with a normal GCT value. The rates of preterm delivery, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)/preeclampsia, respiratory distress, NICU, and Apgar scores less than 7 were similar in the two groups. Conclusion A low GCT value defined as less than 90 mg/dL identifies pregnancies at elevated risk for having neonates with a birth weight less than the 10th percentile.
Aerial Activism in Old-Growth Rainforest: The Ancient Forest Alliance’s Drone Videography as Spatial Communication

Unmanned aerial vehicles, better known as drones, have enjoyed significant usage for military, security, and engineering purposes in recent years. Equipped with videography equipment such as GoPro cameras, they are increasingly used in the environmental arena in activities such as locating wildlife, tracking natural disasters such as wildfires, and mapping remote geographies. The surveying of forests and other ecosystems by unmanned aerial vehicles is relatively low-cost and easy to learn, making it an increasingly practical and accessible tool for conservationists. Environmental activists are well-positioned to follow this lead, evidenced by the tracking of whaling ships, animal poaching, and other forms of ecological conflict. This study examines the 2015 campaign by British Columbia’s Ancient Forest Alliance (AFA) to stop the heli-logging of old-growth forest on Vancouver Island’s Central Walbran Valley. AFA’s drone-captured video of pristine rainforest in the remote valley represents a new approach to monitoring, documenting, and publicizing the ecological contestations and otherwise inaccessible terrain in this area. Drawing from the media theory of spatialization developed by political economist and communication scholar Harold Innis, this chapter explores the new interplay between technology, media, and ideology that the rise of drone media activism in the environmental sphere represents.
Thin Film Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Synthesis

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a viable product for many different markets. One specific area of promise is the use of CNTs in supercapacitors. The CNT synthesis is a two-step process with the first b...
Perfluorocyclohexenyl (PFCH) aromatic ether polymers from perfluorocyclohexene and polycyclic aromatic bisphenols

Perfluorocycohexenyl (PFCH) aromatic ether polymers were synthesized by step-growth polycondensation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bisphenols and decafluorocyclohexene (DFCH) affording a new class of unsaturated semi-fluoropolymers containing the rigid PAH linkage. Two acenaphthenequinone and two phenanthrenedione derived PAH bisphenols underwent base-mediated step-growth vinyl addition/elimination polymerization with DFCH to give polymers with well-defined unsaturation, moderate molecular weights, and variable glass transition (Tg) and thermal decomposition (Td) temperatures based on the starting PAH bisphenol monomer. With one exception exhibiting a low degree of crystallinity, PFCH polymers with PAH bisphenols were amorphous with Tg ranging from 184 to 240 °C. The new polymers contain intact unsaturation and reactive PAH moieties amenable for selective post-polymerization functionalization and crosslinking.
Understanding photovoltaic energy losses under indoor lighting conditions

The external luminescence quantum yield as a function of solar cell current density when exposed to low indoor light was estimated based on absolute electroluminescence measurements and a self-consistent use of the electro-optical reciprocity relationship. By determining the luminescence yield at current densities corresponding to the cell operation at the maximum power point, we can compute energy losses corresponding to radiative and nonradiative recombination. Combined with other major energy losses, we can obtain a clear picture of the fundamental balance of energy within the cell when exposed to room light with a typical total illuminance of 1000 lx or less.
Leaf gas exchange and foliar macronutrients vary in Quercus bicolor but not Quercus phellos between a designed soil pavement system and open lawn

Abstract Structural soils are a type of designed soil intended to improve tree growth in the built environment by increasing the rooting volume available to trees underneath pavement. While urban trees can experience multiple environmental stressors, tree water relations and leaf nutrients are not well studied in structural soil systems. We examined leaf level gas exchange, foliar nutrient concentrations, and crown condition to evaluate the potential effects of water and nutrient related stressors in this setting. Located in Brooklyn, NY, USA, the study site included Quercus bicolor and Q. phellos planted in both sidewalk pits underlain with structural soil and in open lawn areas. Tree size measurements indicate that around 16–20 years post-installation, lawn trees have started to become larger than those in the sidewalk, though the size differences are comparatively small. Leaf level net photosynthetic assimilation and stomatal conductance of Q. bicolor were significantly lower in sidewalk trees compared to lawn trees in 2016. Yet no differences in gas exchange were observed for Q. phellos which suggests the two species likely have different water use strategies. Out of 27 elements measured in leaf tissue, Ca, K, Ba, and Sr were significantly lower in Q. bicolor sidewalk trees. Both species appeared to have elevated foliar concentrations of Na. For Q. phellos, sidewalk trees had significantly lower crown vitality (fine twig dieback) scores, though no differences were observed for Q. bicolor. These findings suggest Q. bicolor may be more sensitive to water and nutrient stress in the structural soil system compared to Q. phellos.
Deconstructing Cybersecurity: From Ontological Security to Ontological Insecurity

This paper examines the philosophical aspects of cybersecurity through the lens of deconstruction, as proposed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. We offer deconstruction as an analytical orientation to better understand and challenge the very philosophical concepts a security system presupposes, arguing that not only are concrete systems necessarily insecure but that the concepts and structures through which their security is understood are also insecure. By centering our discourse on instability and contradictions, we demonstrate the relevance of deconstruction in cybersecurity through four concrete examples drawn from four different areas: digital rights management, cyberwar, software vulnerability, and user authentication. We further address the concept of ontological security to draw the boundaries between beneficial and detrimental uses of deconstruction. These insights complement other HCISec efforts to conceptualize cybersecurity as a holistic discipline that incorporates art and philosophy in addition to science and technology.
Evaluation of Compliance with Activating a Rapid Response Team Based on Pediatric Early Warning Scores on an Inpatient Pediatric Ward: A Quality Improvement Project

Background: The pediatric early warning score (PEWS) is a validated tool for predicting clinical deterioration within the subsequent 24 hours and its use can prevent morbidity and mortality in hospitalized pediatric patients. When PEWS reaches a defined threshold, our institution’s protocol is to employ a pediatric rapid response team (PRRT) within 30 minutes, prompting real-time patient assessment by the primary care team, nurses, respiratory therapists and the intensive care (ICU) team. However, we found that compliance with activating a timely PRRT was poor, and even declining, despite educational interventions implemented …
Collapsible fluid-filled fabric shock absorber with constant force:

Energy absorption is an important challenge shared by multiple different industries including manufacturing, transportation, and protective equipment. This paper presents a novel shock absorption s...
Land management impacts on tree hole invertebrate communities in a Neotropical rainforest

The Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve in Southeastern Veracruz, Mexico represents the northernmost Neotropical lowland rainforest and has lost 84 % of its forests in the last forty years. Rich terrestrial and aquatic species communities are found throughout Neotropical forests, habitats increasingly threatened by land management practices. Plant-held waters, phytotelmata, are ecologically important discrete microhabitats harboring many specialist invertebrates and are abundant in tropical forests. In this study, using artificial tree holes, we examined invertebrate tree hole communities in a mature forest of Los Tuxtlas and in a managed habitat adjacent to the Los Tuxtlas Biological Station. Based on the proximity of human and livestock communities to managed habitats and the dispersal limitations of some phytotelmata specialists, we expected to find community composition differences between the two habitats. We found distinct differences in chironomid colonization; Tanypodinae, a predaceous subfamily, was present in the managed habitat and its omnivorous counterpart, Chironominae, was present in the forest. We found differences in mosquito colonization with more predaceous Toxorhychites in the managed habitat. Haemagogus mosquitoes were only present in the managed habitat. These results indicate different colonization ability across phytotelmata specialists and warn of larger community shifts and potential public health hazards with continued and intensified forest fragmentation and degradation.
Coping Styles and Depression Among Undocumented Hispanic Immigrants.

This cross-sectional study examined coping strategies and their relationship with depression among undocumented Hispanic immigrants. A community sample of 122 self-identified undocumented Hispanics filled out questionnaires measuring coping and depression. The authors categorized coping strategies as problem-focused, active-emotional, or avoidant-emotional. Findings indicated that coping through “prayer and meditation” (problem-focused), “get comfort from someone” (active-emotional), and “see bad things positively” (active-emotional) were more frequently used by undocumented Hispanics. Contrary to past research and predictions, problem-focused and active-emotional coping were both positively related to depression. What is more, problem-focused coping accounted for additional variance of depression above and beyond active-emotional coping. The insoluble nature of many of the problems faced by undocumented immigrants may explain the counterintuitive finding that as problem-focused and active-emotional coping increased, so too did depression.
“We are sick and we are stressed”: understanding the correlates of reported emotional distress in individuals with lupus

This article examines needs and concerns of individuals with lupus and the correlates of self-reported emotional distress. A survey tested the following hypotheses: Individuals with lupus report a high level of emotional distress that is associated with (1) their perceived levels of social support, (2) the self-reported frequency with which they require assistance in their daily living and (3) the amount of time from initial symptoms to diagnosis. 1,776 individuals participated. More than 95% of the individuals are diagnosed with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Multivariate analyses confirm individuals report a significant level of stress associated with the frequency of needing assistance in daily life. The findings do not support a strong relationship between perceived social support and reported stress. Similarly, there was no strong association between reported stress and the length of time lapsed from initial symptoms to diagnosis. Implications for mental health practice are also discussed. Keywords: lupus, stress, social support, assistance in daily life, emotional distress.
Incipient and Progressive Damage in Polyethylene Under Extreme Tensile Conditions

The Dynamic-Tensile-Extrusion (Dyn-Ten-Ext) test was developed at LANL by Gray and coworkers to probe the tensile response of materials at large strains (>1) and high strain-rates (>1,000/s) by firing projectiles through a conical die at 300–700m/s. This technique has recently been applied to various polymers, such as the fluoropolymers PTFE (Teflon) and the chemically similar PCTFE, which respectively exhibited catastrophic fragmentation and distributed dynamic necking. This work details investigations of the Dyn-Ten-Ext response of high density polyethylene, both to failure and sub-critical conditions. At large extrusion ratios (~7.4) and high velocities, such as those previously employed, HDPE catastrophically fragmented in a craze-like manner in the extruded jet. At more modest extrusion ratios and high velocities the specimen extruded a stable jet that ruptured cleanly, and at lower velocities was recovered intact after sustaining substantial internal damage. Thermomechanical finite element simulations showed that the damage corresponded to a locus of shear stress in the presence of hydrostatic tension. X-ray computed tomography corroborated the prediction of a shear damage mechanism by finding the region of partially damaged material to consist of macroscopic shear-mode cracks nearly aligned with the extrusion axis, originating from the location of damage inception.
Insights into the history of chemistry

From Atoms to Molecules is part of the ongoing Variorum series of collected essays by senior scholars in history of science. The articles are photographically reproduced from their original source with the original pagination, allowing scholars to cite the original source. This collection is by Colin Russell, a prominent historian of chemistry who has been active since the 1960s. The collection in this volume contains eighteen essays published between 1959 and 2005. The first eight articles discuss the early electrochemical theories of Humphry Davy and Jakob Berzelius, and most of the remainder discuss issues in the history of nineteenthand twentieth-century organic chemistry, making this volume an excellent companion to Russell’s book on the history of valence and his biography of the English chemist Edward Frankland (Russell 1971, 1996). Two of the articles included usefully supplement Russell’s biography of Frankland. The first considers the relationship, or more correctly, the lack of one, between Frankland and the great German chemist August Kekule. Despite being two of the most predominant and influential chemists of their generation, they did not correspond or interact with each other in any significant way, a fact that Russell attributes to a number of factors, including rivalry over credit for valence theory (although Frankland never mentioned this publicly) and the fact that because of geographic and cultural differences they never spent extended periods of time together and therefore had no compelling reason to correspond (XII—the roman numerals are the ones assigned to each article in the volume). An article published in the year 2000 on Frankland’s invention of chemical techniques highlights Frankland’s practical ability to make simple modifications of existing common chemical apparatus, many of which were outlined in his book How to Teach Chemistry (1875) and were perhaps influenced by his early training in pharmacy. Russell describes many of Frankland’s techniques, but the simplest and longest
On the role of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in determining mutation rates. Characterization of the defect in the T4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase caused by the ts L88 mutation.

Abstract The T4 bacteriophage DNA polymerase mutant ts L88 has an unusually high mutation rate and is temperature-sensitive for DNA synthesis. The ts L88 DNA polymerase has been purified to homogeneity and has been compared to the wild type T4 DNA polymerase with respect to in vitro polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, and also with respect to frequency of utilizing deoxynucleoside triphosphates that are not complementary to homopolymer templates. For the latter, the assay used measures not only stable misincorporation, but also detects any of the noncomplementary nucleotide incorporated and subsequently hydrolyzed by the polymerase-associated exonuclease, resulting in the formation of deoxynucleoside monophosphate derived from the deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrate. A specific defect was found in the ability of the ts L88 enzyme to discriminate against utilization of dGTP and dCTP when poly(dA)·poly(dT) was used as template. These substrates were utilized at 6 times the rate of the wild type enzyme by an amount of the mutant enzyme that utilized the complementary substrates dATP and dTTP at nearly the same rate as the wild type. The two enzymes were equally efficient in excising the noncomplementary residues incorporated during the reaction. On the other hand, when a template was used to which the four substrates were complementary, no difference in recognition of specific bases by the two enzymes was detectable. Thus, with T7 DNA as template both enzymes incorporated dTMP, dGMP, and dCMP at about the same rate as dAMP. During this reaction both enzymes hydrolyzed newly added dAMP residues 2 to 4 times as frequently as dTMP and dGMP, and more than 10 times as often as newly incorporated dCMP residues. Another difference in the ability of the two enzymes to discriminate against noncomplementary, but not complementary, substrates was seen when the rates of utilization of dGTP and dATP with poly(dA)·poly(dT) by the two enzymes were compared as a function of temperature. There was a marked increase in utilization of the noncomplementary substrate between 25 and 30° by ts L88 but not by the wild type enzyme. Neither enzyme showed such a stimulation over this temperature range with the complementary nucleotide. The polymerase activity of the ts L88 enzyme was much more unstable when assayed at high temperature than was its exonuclease activity. It is concluded that both the temperature-sensitive and mutator characteristics of the ts L88 mutation result from a greater defect in polymerase than exonuclease activity.
B(E2 0g+ ---> I pi k=2+0) of the 1276.7-KeV transition in Hf-178

A reanalysis of the (\ensuremath{\alpha},${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) data for extracting the reduced excitation probability ${B(E2;0}_{g}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{I}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{K=2}^{+}0)$ of the 1276.7 keV transition in ${}^{178}\mathrm{Hf}$ indicates an error in the earlier published value. The new value of $B(E2)$ from the (\ensuremath{\alpha},${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) data is 0.022(5) ${e}^{2}{\mathrm{b}}^{2}$ and is consistent with a recent measurement. The extracted total mean lifetime of the 1276.7 keV level is $\ensuremath{\tau}{=0.70}_{\ensuremath{-}0.14}^{+0.22} \mathrm{ps}.$
The Culture of Protest: Religious Activism and the U.S. Sanctuary Movement

Susan Bibler Coutin. The Culture of Protest: Religious Activism and the U.S. Sanctuary Movement. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.
Side-pumped Hollow-core Fiber for Atom Guiding

We demonstrate a side-pumping technique for high efficiency (>80%) light coupling into double-clad hollow-core optical fibers for evanescent wave atom-guiding. We examine the benefits of the scheme and techniques for optimizing atom throughput
Muscle-specific 4E-BP1 signaling activation improves metabolic parameters during aging and obesity

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is a key downstream effector of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) that represses cap-dependent mRNA translation initiation by sequestering the translation initiation factor eIF4E. Reduced mTORC1 signaling is associated with life span extension and improved metabolic homeostasis, yet the downstream targets that mediate these benefits are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that enhanced 4E-BP1 activity in mouse skeletal muscle protects against age- and diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic rate decline. Transgenic animals displayed increased energy expenditure; altered adipose tissue distribution, including reduced white adipose accumulation and preserved brown adipose mass; and were protected from hepatic steatosis. Skeletal muscle–specific 4E-BP1 mediated metabolic protection directly through increased translation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and enhanced respiratory function. Non–cell autonomous protection was through preservation of brown adipose tissue metabolism, which was increased in 4E-BP1 transgenic animals during normal aging and in a response to diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Adipose phenotypes may derive from enhanced skeletal muscle expression and secretion of the known myokine FGF21. Unlike skeletal muscle, enhanced adipose-specific 4E-BP1 activity was not protective but instead was deleterious in response to the same challenges. These findings indicate that regulation of 4E-BP1 in skeletal muscle may serve as an important conduit through which mTORC1 controls metabolism.
Guaranteed Non-Orthogonal Tensor Decomposition via Alternating Rank-$1$ Updates

Author(s): Anandkumar, Animashree; Ge, Rong; Janzamin, Majid | Abstract: In this paper, we provide local and global convergence guarantees for recovering CP (Candecomp/Parafac) tensor decomposition. The main step of the proposed algorithm is a simple alternating rank-$1$ update which is the alternating version of the tensor power iteration adapted for asymmetric tensors. Local convergence guarantees are established for third order tensors of rank $k$ in $d$ dimensions, when $k=o \bigl( d^{1.5} \bigr)$ and the tensor components are incoherent. Thus, we can recover overcomplete tensor decomposition. We also strengthen the results to global convergence guarantees under stricter rank condition $k \le \beta d$ (for arbitrary constant $\beta g 1$) through a simple initialization procedure where the algorithm is initialized by top singular vectors of random tensor slices. Furthermore, the approximate local convergence guarantees for $p$-th order tensors are also provided under rank condition $k=o \bigl( d^{p/2} \bigr)$. The guarantees also include tight perturbation analysis given noisy tensor.
Ethnic-controlled economy or segregation? exploring inequality in latina/o co-ethnic jobsites

Recent research has increasingly focused on how ethnicity operates within labor markets. Due to perceptions of intragroup homogeneity and assumptions that inequality only occurs between majority whites and people of color, most research has neglected intragroup economic inequality. This study examines how skin color, immigration/nativity status, and gender influence wage differentials in Latina/o co-ethnic jobsites (where workers are the same ethnicity). Using data from the Los Angeles Study of Urban Inequality (LASUI), it is found that there are skin color, immigration/nativity status, and sex wage gaps among Latina/os working in co-ethnic jobsites. Moreover, illustrating intersectionality, immigrant women and dark-skinned immigrants suffer from wage gaps in co-ethnic jobsites. Unexpectedly, some Latinas experience a wage advantage, in comparison with Latinos, which is associated with lighter skin. The author suggests that Latinas are subjected to multiple-jeopardy situations in which they experience an intersection of inequalities in jobsites saturated by co-ethnics but that lightness of skin color functions as a form of social capital. Thus, research on the benefits or costs associated with working with co-ethnics cannot be extended to the entire ethnic group. The conclusion is that for Central Americans and Mexicans, co-ethnic jobsites are generally forms of segregated employment with limited protection from discrimination.
Internet remote microscope

The MIT remote microscope is a telemicroscopy system that allows users to remotely control and view a microscope over the internet with a graphical interface that runs on an ordinary workstation computer. The microscope server consists of an automated Zeiss microscope that is controlled by a personal computer, while the client interface is implemented with custom software developed at MIT. The system was designed primarily to provide remote inspection capabilities for semiconductor researchers during the remote fabrication of integrated circuits, but can also be used as a general purpose instrument for remote inspections. The remote microscope also allows any number of clients to simultaneously view the microscope in a conference inspection mode, enabling collaboration opportunities among distant viewers. Because clients require no special hardware, the internet remote microscope is extremely accessible and easy to use, yet provides powerful remote inspection capabilities, collaboration opportunities, and easy access to hard to reach locations such as clean room environments for semiconductor processing.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ethanol and diazepam interactions on conflict behavior in rats

Abstract Twenty-four adult male rats trained on the Geller-Seifter conflict procedure received: 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/kg diazepam at 15 min, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/kg of ethanol (EtOH) at 30 min prior to the test session, or combinations of the same diazepam doses and 0.5 g/kg of EtOH. Ethanol administration produced a significant (p
Entangled Histories and Imaginative Geographies of Technoscientific Innovations

Ah! ‘Factory.’ Is the word the same as our factorerie … No Your Majesty. ‘Factory’ comes from a word that was first used by the Venetians and then by the Portuguese, in Goa. (Amitav Ghosh, River o...
Petrology and depositional history of a Middle Ordovician carbonate platform: Chickamauga Group, northeastern Tennessee

The Middle Ordovician of northeastern Tennessee comprises two stratigraphically and paleoenvironmentally discrete sedimentary packages. In the northwest, the Chickamauga Group, which can be further subdivided into nine formations, is primarily composed of shallow-water carbonate-platform deposits formed during the transgression of the early Middle Ordovician sea. Water depths normally were no greater than about 50 m, usually less. Greatest depths were probably present in the southeastern parts of the platform, where deeper-water (below wave base) reef complexes developed. Farther southeast, partially equivalent Middle Ordovician deposits, comprising at least five distinct formations, exhibit considerably more lithologic and paleoenvironmental diversity. These deposits include a relatively thin basal sequence of shallow-marine carbonates overlain by deep-water, hemipelagic carbonates and turbiditic shales and siltstones. Maximum depths of water in this region were on the order of 700 m. The earliest recognizable stage in the history of this paleoenvironmentally complex sequence is associated with the development of a shallow-water carbonate platform in the southeastern-most part of the area (Whiterockian time). Subsequent rapid downwarping in this area resulted in the drowning of the platform and the formation of a starved, deep-water, foreland basin in which hemipelagic carbonates and related slope deposits began to accumulate. The final phase of tectonic movement in the area was associated with the nearly isochronous flooding of exposed Lower Ordovician sediments (Knox Group) to the northwest. This event, which marked the beginning of deposition of the Chickamauga Group, was associated with the first introduction of eastwardly derived turbidites into the basin. Continued infilling of the basin was initially coupled with a gradual deepening trend on the carbonate platform to the northwest. Eventually, the basin was filled to the point at which terrigenous material began to be effectively transported across the basin and onto the platform. Associated with this terrigenous influx, an initial deepening, related to a reduction in carbonate production, was followed by gradual shallowing on the platform. Continued terrigenous input and shallowing ultimately resulted in the development of terrigenous-carbonate tidal flats throughout the area. The Tennessee Middle Ordovician contains a sequence of depositional facies that detail the developmental history of a foreland basin in an active margin setting. Recognition of similar sequences elsewhere may be used to infer analogous depositional settings and tectonic styles.
CellCloud: A Novel Cost Effective Formation of Mobile Cloud Based on Bidding Incentives

Cloud computing has become the dominant computing paradigm in recent years. As clouds evolved, researchers have explored the possibility of building clouds out of loosely associated mobile computing devices. However, most such efforts failed due to the lack of a proper incentive model for the mobile device owners. In this paper, we propose CellCloud - a practical mobile cloud architecture which can be easily deployed on existing cellular phone network infrastructure. It is based on a novel reputation-based economic incentive model in order to compensate the phone owners for the use of their phones as cloud computing nodes. CellCloud offers a practical model for performing cloud operations, with lower costs compared to a traditional cloud. We provide an elaborate analysis of the model with security and economic incentives as major focus. Along with a cost equation model, we discuss detailed results to prove the feasibility of our proposed model. Our simulation results show that CellCloud creates a win-win scenario for all three stakeholders (client, cloud provider, and mobile device owners) to ensure the formation of a successful mobile cloud architecture.
The isolation and characterization of cholesterol in Portuguese Men-of-War (Physalia).

Les auteurs ont extrait un sterol d'une meduse des eaux portugaises (Physalia physalis) et l'ont identifie par chromatographie en phase gazeuse comme etant du cholesterol.
The effects of electronic performance monitoring on stress: Locus of control as a moderator variable

Abstract In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of companies using electronic performance monitoring (EPM) systems to evaluate their employees. Data from several case studies suggest that employees who are monitored using EPM experience more stress than employees who are monitored by other means. However, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from this research, because organizations tend to introduce other programs at the same time as EPM systems are installed. Additionally, little existing research examines the role that employee characteristics play in determinigg EPM's impact. The current study represents an attempt to address these issues. Laboratory subjects worked on two relatively simple computerized tasks and were told either that their work would be monitored via a supervisory computer networked to their terminal, or that their work would not be observed. All other work climate variables were held constant. After completing the tasks, subjects' locus of control and perceived stress were measured. Locus of control was found to moderate the relationship between EPM and stress. Internals felt more stress when their work was electronically monitored. In contrast, externals felt more stress when their work was not monitored. These findings are interpreted using a person-environment fit framework.
Implicit-Solvent Models for Micellization: Nonionic Surfactants and Temperature-Dependent Properties

We have investigated micellization properties of surfactants using a recently developed implicit-solvent model and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The original model had been parametrized for ionic surfactants at a single temperature; it is extended here to aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants and given an explicit temperature dependence. Specifically, we have developed an implicit-solvent model of polyethylene glycol (PEG) surfactants and obtained the critical micelle concentrations (cmc’s) and micellar aggregation numbers at low surfactant loadings. Various combinations of ethoxy and hydrocarbon tail segments were investigated in order to explore the predictive capabilities of the model. For the temperature dependence of the micellization properties, we have utilized thermodynamic approaches to quantify the hydrophobic attraction at temperatures ranging from 280 to 365 K. The temperature dependence of the cmc and the aggregate sizes were obtained for various ionic and nonionic surfactants,...
Effect of a Combined Coping Skills and Wellness Program on Perceived Stress and Physical Energy among Police Emergency Dispatchers: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the effectiveness of a coping and wellness program on changes in perceived stress, job satisfaction, and physical energy among emergency dispatchers (EDs) from a medium-sized (110 k+) city in the southeastern U.S. Participants included nine EDs, ranging in age from 24 to 45 yrs, who agreed to complete a 2-hour seminar on coping skills and receive instruction on proper strength training at a local fitness club over a 10-week period. Results indicated significantly greater use of avoidance (but not approach) coping strategies and markedly improved perceived physical energy. Perceived stress, but not job satisfaction, significantly improved at posttest. A manipulation check to determine the effect of the exercise intervention indicated significant improvements in upper and lower body strength. Personal narratives by selected EDs indicated that the work environment was particularly “challenging” and that the coping skills program was helpful in dealing with the array of job-related stressors. These results support the need for additional research on the effects of coping skills and wellness programs on the mental and physical health and job performance of EDs.
Spatial Information Processing And Distortion Correction Via Four-Wave Mixing

The versatility of degenerate four-wave mixing (D4WM) has made possible its application to two major areas of spatial information processing: distortion correction and mathematical operations. The first area can be divided into predetection and postdetection processing. Distortions can be compensated for before the imaging. process by exploiting the phase-conjugating capability of D4WM. Phase-conjugate mirrors (PCM's) may also find use in optical processors designed to remove distortions after the imaging process is complete and the object is no longer available. Examples of linear operations that can be implemented using the nonlinear optics of D4WM are image convolution and correlation. An example of a nonlinear mathematical operation that can be implemented using D4WM is edge detection of two-dimensional images.
Environmental versus analytical variability in exposure measurements

Measurements of 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) exposures are subject to environmental variability and collection and analytical error. Environmental variability can be represented by the geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the lognormally distributed 8-hr TWAs; analytical variability can be represented by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the normally distributed collection and analytical errors. A mathematical expression is derived for the variance of the measured 8-hr TWAs as a function of the GSD of the true daily average exposures and the total CV of the industrial hygiene method used in monitoring. For typical values of the GSD and CV, environmental variability is far more important than analytical variability in determining the variance of the measured 8-hr TWAs. A resulting policy implication is that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration inappropriately focuses on analytical variability when determining compliance with its permissible exposure limits.
A methodology for the estimation of road transport air emissions in urban areas of Italy

Abstract This paper focuses on the top–down approach for estimating road transport emissions at a local level. A bottom–up approach is preferable where the data and information required by estimation methodologies are available at regional territorial level. In the absence of this regional data, emissions are adapted from national to smaller levels by means of proxy variables. This study highlights the importance of an improvement of the top–down methodology and identifies a corrective index to better characterise road transport emissions at a local level. A set of indicators related to transport activities is selected in order to identify homogeneous areas in the Italian territory. For each area, COPERT (Computer Programme to estimate Emissions from Road Traffic) methodology is applied to estimate the atmospheric emissions of different pollutants; the same methodology is used to calculate road transport emissions at a national level. The results, calculated according to vehicle category and driving mode, are compared with those deriving from a spatial disaggregation of national data by means of simple surrogate variables.
Experimental Study of Particle Collection by Small Cyclones

A new set of experimental data on the particle collection characteristics of small cyclones is reported. The collection efficiency for particles ranging from 2 to 10 μm in diameter was measured systematically for nine cyclones at flow rates ranging from 8.8 to 18.4 L/min. Special emphasis was given to the effects of the exit tube size and of the cyclone body size on the particle collection efficiency. The size ratio of the exit tube to the cyclone body was varied from 0.24 to 0.80. The experimental results show that the stiffness of the particle collection cutoff with size does not change noticeably with a change in the cyclone body size while operation of a cyclone at a low flow rate can cause the particle collection characteristics to become less stiff. It was also found that the exit tube diameter influences the particle collection efficiency substantially, with results showing that as the exit tube size is decreased, the collection efficiency increases. A large cyclone body size increases the efficien...