cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium Configurations of Solid Cohesionless Bodies

The bodies of the Solar System exist in a variety of irregular shapes. Studies of those shapes are conducted to infer informa- tion about the internal composition, structure, and history of those bodies. However, such inferences require knowing how the com- position and structure or history relates to the shape and inter- nal forces. That connection is known only for fluid bodies, where the permissible equilibrium states were discovered centuries ago by Newton, Maclaurin, Jacobi, Poincarand Roche. While others have given results for linear elastic solid bodies, the elastic problem is not uniquely posed, since elastic solutions depend on an implicit assumption about the existence and shape of an initial stress-free state. The present states of Solar System bodies are a culmination of complicated past histories, possibly involving collisions, disrup- tion, melting, accumulation, and large-scale yielding and reshaping. Such processes create underlying residual stress fields that cannot be known. Here I present an approach in the same spirit as for the fluid bodies: limits on equilibrium shapes are determined. Results are ob- tained for a cohesionless elastic-plastic solid with a Mohr-Coloumb yield criteria. That model is commonly used in soil mechanics and is appropriate for "rubble pile" reaccumulated asteroids that have negligible cohesive forces. It is possible to determine limit equilib- rium stress fields and shapes that are independent of past histories, using the approaches of limit analyses of elastic-plastic theories. The results show that for these bodies there exists a region of per- missible combinations of shape and spin rates, centered about the unique equilibrium fluid states of Maclaurin and Jacobi. The database on asteroids is compared to those equilibrium states. Few asteroids are outside the limit shape envelopes according to this theory. The application of the analysis to Phobos is also presented, as- suming that the rubble-pile model is appropriate. The deformation that would occur as it moves closer to Mars is determined; it is shown to be unstable and globally catastrophic at about 2.1 Mars radii. c � 2001 Elsevier Science (USA)
Licensing Adaptive Immunity by NOD-Like Receptors

The innate immune system is composed of a diverse set of host defense molecules, physical barriers, and specialized leukocytes and is the primary form of immune defense against environmental insults. Another crucial role of innate immunity is to shape the long-lived adaptive immune response mediated by T and B lymphocytes. The activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) from the Toll-like receptor family is now a classic example of innate immune molecules influencing adaptive immunity, resulting in effective antigen presentation to naive T cells. More recent work suggests that the activation of another family of PRRs, the NOD-like receptors (NLRs), induces a different set of innate immune responses and accordingly, drives different aspects of adaptive immunity. Yet how this unusually diverse family of molecules (some without canonical PRR function) regulates immunity remains incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the evidence for and against NLR activity orchestrating adaptive immune responses during infectious as well as non-infectious challenges.
Application of a parallel particle swarm optimization scheme to the design of electromagnetic absorbers

The application of parallel (synchronous) particle swarm optimization (PSO) to electromagnetic absorber design is described. Synchronous PSO is a version of PSO that allows for parallelization and hence faster optimization. The velocity updating rule is empirically determined, and a simple approach is presented to improve its robustness. Absorbers designed with the PSO approach are compared with absorbers designed by genetic algorithms (GAs). Numerical results demonstrate that the PSO is able to deliver absorbers with comparable performance to GA-designed absorbers, with much less computational cost.
Problems And Limitations Of Knowledge-based 3d Medical Image Analysis

Knowledge-based image analysis and interpretation of radiological images can provide a tool for identifying and labeling each part of the image in the context of human anatomy. Further, such a computerized analysis can be used in correlation studies of images which are obtained through different imaging modalities (such as CT, MRI, PET) for the same patient for studying the pathology. Often, the medical images are characterized by low-contrast regions which utilize a narrow range of gray levels. Various methods including the gray level remapping may be used for improving the contrast in a general sense. But, even then it is difficult to obtain well defined and isolated segmented regions of interest from these images. This is one of the major problems in automatic analysis of medical images. Other problems including the improper registration, analysis, and visualization of small low-contrast regions are discussed in this paper in context of a knowledge-based analysis system which is being developed for analyzing the anatomical images of human chest cavity. The question on the issue of user interaction is raised to address these problems for efficient and better analysis.
Modeling Message Roles and Influence in Q&A Forums

We are modeling roles of individual messages and participants in Q&A discussion forums. In this paper, we present a mixed network model that represents message exchanges and message influences within a discussion thread. We first model individual message roles and thread-level user roles using discussion content features. We then combine the resulting message roles and the user roles to generate the overall influence network. Message influences and their aggregation over the network are analyzed using B-centrality measures. We use the results in identifying the most influential message in answering the initial question of the thread.
Effects of Abdominally Implanted Radiotransmitters with Percutaneous Antennas on Migration, Reproduction, and Survival of Canada Geese

Abstract Abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas are increasingly used to monitor movements, survival, and reproduction of waterbirds. However, there has been relatively little assessment of the effects of such radios on avian demographic parameters or migration. We implanted either a 26- or 35-g abdominal transmitter with percutaneous antenna in 198 adult female lesser Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) in Anchorage, Alaska during 2000 and 2001. We compared migration chronology, reproductive effort, and survival of radiomarked females to 118 control females marked with leg bands. Arrival dates following spring migration were similar among females in different treatments in 2001. However, in 2002, wind direction during late migration was less favorable, and arrival of females with 35-g radiotransmitters lagged 1–2 days behind that of control females. Nest initiation dates, clutch size, and mean egg volume were similar for 152 nests of females that lacked radios and 62 nes...
A New Tire Expansion Rule and Its Use in Tire Design Computations

Abstract The carcasses of most early automobile tires were built by stretching bias cut, rubberized, square woven fabric more than once around the major circumference of a toroidal core. By 1914, two crossed rubber coated cord warps had been substituted for each layer of fabric. In the twenties, the core was replaced by a cylindrical building drum and the tires were subsequently expanded by air pressure to the toroidal shape. In all of these cases an initially flat fabric or crossed warps were made to conform to the surface of a toroid without folding or appreciable cord length change. Close examination showed that the tiny rhombuses between adjacent cords were stretched more in the circumferential direction in the crown than in the sidewall. The obvious analogy to a pantograph with hinged members of constant length provided the key to cord angle and drum set calculations needed for carcass design. The geometrical consequence of the assumption of constant rhombus side length is the well known cosine rule
Submersible Fans and Pumps for Cryogenic Fluids

Submersible electric motor driven fans of three sizes have been designed, built and operated at 21 K at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The largest is a 100-mm diameter, 2 stage vaneaxial fan with a nominal capacity of 6 L/s at 2 m head. It is driven by a 4 pole, 3 phase induction motor that runs at 1750 rpm. The next smaller one is an 85-mm diameter centrifugal pump. It pumps 3 L/s at ahead of 5 m. The third is a 75-mm single stage vaneaxial fan with a nominal capacity is 3 L/s at a head of 2 m. The 85-mm pump and the 75-mm fan are driven by 2 pole, 3 phase induction motors running at 3550 rpm. The motors were modified to operate submerged in the cryogenic fluid. The pumps have been operated in liquid hydrogen, liquid deuterium, and pressurized helium gas at 21 K. They can also operate with denser fluids such as liquid nitrogen, but rotational speed, capacity, and head will be reduced. They have been operated while submerged in liquid helium.
Romania: Reining in Local Government Spending

In response to the current fiscal crisis, the Government of Romania has amended the law governing local government finance. The amendments are largely aimed at restraining local government staffing and curtailing arrears. They require somewhat onerous administrative measures. This report argues that while the new approach should be given a chance to work, the Government may wish to consider less intrusive approaches over the long term.
Pyrethroid-synergist mixtures: toxicity, resistance and field efficacy toward pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae).

Permethrin and cyhalothrin in combination with piperonyl butoxide (PB), DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithiolate), pirimiphos-ethyl and -methyl were evaluated in the laboratory and the field for activity against pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible horn flies, Haematobia irritants (L.). Horn fly adults from the pyrethroid-resistant population were resistant to permethrin (12.5-fold) but displayed a lower level of resistance to cyhalothrin and cyhalothrin-K (5.4- and 1.7-fold, respectively). Combinations of permethrin plus PB or DEF or both produced a low level of synergism (1.4 to 4.6-fold) but did not reduce the level of resistance present in the pyrethroid-resistant horn flies. The levels of synergism (2.0- to 6.6-fold) observed for combinations of PB, DEF, and PB + DEF with cyhalothrin were marginally higher than for permethrin. Unlike permethrin, the combination of cyhalothrin + PB + DEF resulted in a decreased level of resistance. Pirimiphos-ethyl and -methyl were highly toxic to the horn fly, with virtually no cross-resistance in the pyrethroid-resistant population. Mixtures of pirimiphos-ethyl plus either permethrin or cyhalothrin were highly effective against the resistant horn fly population, but no more so than pirimiphos-ethyl alone. Field studies in 1985 demonstrated that, although the combination of permethrin + PB + DEF was more effective than permethrin alone, control was still inadequate. In these same studies, cyhalothrin provided marginal control while cyhalothrin + PB + DEF produced good results. In 1986, the use of cyhalothrin-K and pirimiphos-methyl resulted in excellent control of the horn fly throughout the season, as did a higher concentration of cyhalothrin and cyhalothrin + pirimiphos-methyl.
INFECTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS OF URINOGENITAL MYCOPLASMA

Objective:To study the resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) in Changzhou area and reasonable administration of the drug.Methods:Mucoplasmaics kit of Lizhu company was used to diagnose Uu and Mh(isolation,counting,susceptibility).Results:In 600 patients,233 cases were Uu positive,25 cases were mixed infection.The total infection ratio was 43.0%.The antimicrobial susceptibility of Uu to doxycycline,minocycline,josamycin,clarithromycin,roxithromycin,azithromycin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin,and spafloxacin was 2.1%、3.0%,9.9%、5.2%,52.8%、33.0%,33.5%、15.5%,31.3%respectively;and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Uu and Mh mixed infection was 8.0%,4.0%、16.0%,100.0%、100.0%,100.0%、64.0%,44.0%,60.0% respectively.Conclusion:In urinogenital mycoplasma infection,the positive rate of Uu is higher than that of Mh.Doxycycline shows the lowest susceptibility for Uu and minocy cline shows the lowest susceptibility for Uu+Mh.The highest susceptibility of clarithromycin,roxithromycin,azihromycin for Uu+Mh.
An Analysis of the Comprehensive Injury Surveillance of Students in one Middle School in Huangpu District,Shanghai

OBJECTIVE To know the distribution and influence factors of injury in students in order to provide scientific evidence for further comprehensive intervention measures.METHODS Surveillance,questionnaires,field survey and group discussion were used.RESULTS The report rate of injury of students was 1.16%.School was the main place when injury occurred,which accounted for 70.59%.The top three reasons for injury were falling,collision crush injury,beatingkickingwringing /biting scratching injury.The top three injury-related behaviors were chasingroughhouse shoving on stairs,fighting,doing dangerous movements to show off.The school has worked out prearranged plan and regulation about injury control.Some students still roughhoused or chased each other although teachers had been arranged to patrol between classes.Teachers considered the reason on frequently happened injury of students to be their weak physique and that the hidden danger of injury still existed in school.CONCLUSION The actual rate of injury of students was higher than report rate and the rate investigated due to the non-uniformed surveillance criteria.The education of safe walk to students should not be neglected.The school should continue educational intervention,and reinforce technical and compulsive intervention as well.
A Versatile Platform for Instrumentation of Knowledge Worker's Computers to Improve Information Analysis

Information analysis tasks are becoming increasingly complex as the growth in volume and variety of available data continues to outpace methods to automatically analyze it. The result is an increasing burden on knowledge workers. Industry and academia are currently lacking platforms and tools that can help provide enterprise-wide understanding of how humans analyze information. Through instrumentation of knowledge worker's activities during analysis tasks, we can enable research into techniques that address this need. Several research and design challenges need to be addressed, however, to develop scalable, robust and efficient instrumentation methods for collecting streaming data on relevant human-machine interactions. This data is typically high volume and multi-modal. We present an instrumentation platform to meet these and future challenges in better understanding and improving the craft of information analysis. Our platform provides an extensible framework to instrument analyst's workstations during information processing tasks, and includes a streaming data processing pipeline that supports real-time analysis of large volumes of event data. We have built the instrumentation platform using the latest open-source scalable and flexible web components and hardware infrastructure. Researchers from science, engineering, and humanities are using our platform to gain insight into tool usage, analytical workflows, and collaboration patterns. Several use cases from these groups are described. Our platform provides a unique, pragmatic and holistic foundation to understand the behavior of knowledge workers, and to support applications that assist with information analysis.
A School-Based Examination of the Efficacy of Function-Based Intervention:

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) was developed and researched in clinical settings as an effective strategy to identify interventions that both manage inappropriate behavior and teach appropr...
Effects of exogenous porcine somatotropin administration between 30 and 60 kilograms on longissimus muscle fiber morphology and meat tenderness of pigs grown to 90 kilograms.

Twenty-four barrows were used to investigate the effects of exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (0 and 100 micrograms.kg-1.d-1) between 30 and 60 kg on longissimus muscle morphology and meat tenderness of pigs grown to 90 kg. Administration of pST was by daily i.m. injection. Pigs were fed a fortified diet in restricted amounts between 30 and 60 kg and had ad libitum access to this diet from 60 to 90 kg. Excipient pigs had fewer alpha R fibers and more alpha W fibers than pST-treated pigs (P less than .05). Administration of pST increased (P less than .05) muscle fiber area for all three fiber types at both the 60 kg (34%) and 90 kg (29%) slaughter weights. Furthermore, pST administration increased shear-force (30% at 60 kg; 19% at 90 kg) of the longissimus muscle, indicating that pST administration reduced meat tenderness. All the pST-treated pigs exhibited the "giant fiber syndrome" and a high proportion (62%) of pST-treated pigs exhibited pale, soft, exudative muscle. Whether the giant fiber anomaly resulted from increased muscle protein accretion rate or fiber degeneration is unknown. Results indicated that the stimulatory effects of pST on muscle growth are sustained following cessation of hormone treatment. However, the incidence of pale, soft, exudative muscle in 62% of the pST-treated pigs indicates that pST potentially has undesirable side effects.
Value of History, Physical Examination, and Radiographic Findings in the Diagnosis of Symptomatic Meniscal Tear Among Middle-Aged Subjects With Knee Pain

Objective: To evaluate the utility of clinical history, radiographic and physical exam findings in the diagnosis of symptomatic meniscal tear (SMT) in patients over age 45, in whom concomitant osteoarthritis is prevalent. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of patients from two orthopedic surgeons' clinics we assessed clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings in patients over 45 with knee pain. The orthopedic surgeons rated their confidence that subjects' symptoms were due to MT; we defined the diagnosis of SMT as at least 70% confidence. We used logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with diagnosis of SMT and we used the regression results to construct an index of the likelihood of SMT. Results: In 174 participants, six findings were associated independently with the expert clinician having ≥70% confidence that symptoms were due to MT: localized pain, ability to fully bend the knee, pain duration <1 year, lack of varus alignment, lack of pes planus, and absence of joint space narrowing on radiographs. The index identified a low risk group with 3% likelihood of SMT. Conclusion: While clinicians traditionally rely upon mechanical symptoms in this diagnostic setting, our findings did not support the conclusion that mechanical symptoms were associated with the expert's confidence that symptoms were due to MT. An index that includes history of localized pain, full flexion, duration <1 year, pes planus, varus alignment, and joint space narrowing can be used to stratify patients according to their risk of SMT and it identifies a subgroup with very low risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Dynamic Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for Military Personnel and Veterans

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) stands out as a major mental illness; however, little is known about effective policies for mitigating the problem. The importance and complexity of PTSD raise critical questions: What are the trends in the population of PTSD patients among military personnel and veterans in the postwar era? What policies can help mitigate PTSD? To address these questions, we developed a system dynamics simulation model of the population of military personnel and veterans affected by PTSD. The model includes both military personnel and veterans in a “system of systems.” This is a novel aspect of our model, since many policies implemented at the military level will potentially influence (and may have side effects on) veterans and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The model is first validated by replicating the historical data on PTSD prevalence among military personnel and veterans from 2000 to 2014 (datasets from the Department of Defense, the Institute of Medicine, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and other sources). The model is then used for health policy analysis. Our results show that, in an optimistic scenario based on the status quo of deployment to intense/combat zones, estimated PTSD prevalence among veterans will be at least 10% during the next decade. The model postulates that during wars, resiliency-related policies are the most effective for decreasing PTSD. In a postwar period, current health policy interventions (e.g., screening and treatment) have marginal effects on mitigating the problem of PTSD, that is, the current screening and treatment policies must be revolutionized to have any noticeable effect. Furthermore, the simulation results show that it takes a long time, on the order of 40 years, to mitigate the psychiatric consequences of a war. Policy and financial implications of the findings are discussed.
What success can teach us about failure: the plasma metabolome of older adults with superior memory and lessons for Alzheimer's disease.

As the world population ages, primary prevention of age-related cognitive decline and disability will become increasingly important. Prevention strategies are often developed from an understanding of disease pathobiology, but models of biological success may provide additional useful insights. Here, we studied 224 older adults, some with superior memory performance (n = 41), some with normal memory performance (n = 109), and some with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 74) to understand metabolomic differences which might inform future interventions to promote cognitive health. Plasma metabolomics revealed significant differential abundance of 12 metabolites in those with superior memory relative to controls (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [AUC] = 0.89) and the inverse abundance pattern in the mild cognitive impairment, AD (AUC = 1.0) and even preclinical AD groups relative to controls (AUC = 0.97). The 12 metabolites are components of key metabolic pathways regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and nitric oxide bioavailability. These findings from opposite ends of the cognitive continuum highlight the role of these pathways in superior memory abilities and whose failure may contribute to age-related memory impairment. These pathways may be targeted to promote successful cognitive aging.
Energy dependence of He-ion-induced tungsten nanofuzz formation at non-normal incidence angles

Abstract We report measurements of He-ion-beam induced tungsten nanofuzz formation for normal and non-normal incidence angles in the energy range 218 eV–10 keV. At 218 eV, the fuzz tendrils are fine and grow randomly away from the interface in the direction of the surface normal. Above 480 eV, the fuzz tendrils become increasingly coarser, and their growth direction is in the direction of the incident beam. This change is attributed to the ion-induced displacement damage which becomes effective once the displacement damage threshold energy is exceeded, and produces additional near-surface trapping sites in those portions of the surface that are in direct line of sight of the incident beam which can nucleate He clusters and initiate bubble growth. Once the surface morphology roughens sufficiently for shadowing to occur, the subsequent fuzz growth occurs preferentially toward the incident ion beam. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to determine the displacement damage threshold energies in the near-surface region along the three major crystallographic directions. It was found that the tungsten bulk values are established within the first 2–4 atomic layers below the tungsten surface. SRIM simulations based on the MD energy thresholds indicate that vacancy damage production in the near-surface region quickly dominates over sputtering in near-surface lattice modification effects as the energy above the damage threshold increases.
Overpartitions with bounded part differences

Abstract We generalize recent results of Breuer and Kronholm, and Chern on partitions and overpartitions with bounded differences between largest and smallest parts. We prove our generalization both analytically and combinatorially.
Assessing Knowledge Regarding Managing Congestive Health Failure Symptoms: Differences in Patient and Professional Scores.

Objective:To assess whether patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and health coaches agree about patient knowledge of health-enhancing practices related to CHF after ongoing telehealth coaching.Methods:Forty patients with CHF and eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid were recruited from a regional managed care organization for this pilot study. Telecoaching sessions via a health insurance portability and accountability act(HIPAA)-compliant tablet-based platform focused on educational information designed to improve patient self-care. Social workers administered the 13-item Member Confidence Measure at baseline and at 30 and 180 days into the intervention. Patients and social workers provided separate ratings.Results:As expected at baseline, patient and coach scores differed, with patients reporting higher perceived knowledge scores (P < .01). Contrary to expectation, patient and coach scores did not converge at 30 and 180 days. Patient scores continued to increase at 30 and 180 days, while coache...
Risk factors for foot blisters during road marching: tobacco use, ethnicity, foot type, previous illness, and other factors.

Three hundred thirty-nine freshmen participating in cadet basic training at the U.S. Military Academy completed a questionnaire that asked them about their previous military experience, gender, ethnicity, injuries and illness experienced in the last 12 months, foot type, cigarette smoking habits, smokeless tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and sleep habits. They then performed a 21-km road march in about 6.5 hours. Their feet were examined for blisters before and after the march. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors for foot blisters included ethnicity (blacks at lower risk than others), a sickness in the last 12 months, no previous active duty military experience, use of smokeless tobacco, and flat feet (pes planus). Logistic regression indicated that all of these were independent blister risk factors with the exception of no previous active duty military experience.
Map-Reduce Parallelization of Motif Discovery.

Motif discovery is one of the most challenging problems in bioinformatics today. DNA sequence motifs are becoming increasingly important in analysis of gene regulation. Motifs are short, recurring patterns in DNA that have a biological function. For example, they indicate binding sites for Transcription Factors (TFs) and nucleases. There are a number of Motif Discovery algorithms that run sequentially. The sequential nature stops these algorithms from being parallelized. HOMER is one such Motif discovery tool, that we have decided to use to overcome this limitation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new methodology for Motif Discovery, using HOMER, that parallelizes the task. Parallelized version can potentially yield better scalability and performance. To achieve this, we have decided to use sub-sampling and the Map Reduce model. At each Map node, a sub-sampled version of the input DNA sequences is used as input to HOMER. Subsampling at each map node is performed with different parameters to ensure that no two HOMER instances receive identical inputs. The output of the map phase and the input of the reduce phase is a list of Motifs discovered using the sub-sampled sequences. The reduce phase calculates the mode, most frequent Motifs, and outputs them as the final discovered Motifs. We found marginal speed gains with this model of execution and substantial amount of quality loss in discovered Motifs.
Biochemistry of the Infarcted Heart

I am honored by the invitation to contribute to a volume in Neuroscience, dedicated to Professor Galoyan, whose accomplishments in the field of neuroscience and circulation have been unique. In his book, Dr. Galoyan has summarized the results of his discovery of cardioactive neurohormones. His discovery of biosynthesis of cytokines in the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus have opened a new page in immunology.
Breast Tumor Microcalcification Induced by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A New Murine Model for Human Breast Tumor Diagnosis

Widespread use of screening mammography has recently increased the detection of breast microcalcifications. These nonpalpable microcalcifications with specific features in breast tissues are clinically considered an early indicator of breast carcinoma. Our goal in this study was to develop a murine breast microcalcification model for optimizing in vivo imaging. Recombinant human BMP-2 was expressed in E. coli, and the purified bioactive protein was used as inducing factor for the production of breast microcalcifications in a murine animal model. Syngeneic breast tumors were obtained by injection of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells with Matrigel into the mammary fat pad of female nude mice. Different doses of bioactive rhBMP-2 were administered either as single or multiple intraperitoneal injections or directly into tumor on a weekly basis. Three weeks after the first injection of rhBMP-2, the microcalcification of breast tumor was detected by microcomputed tomography followed by intravenous injection of radiotracer [18F] Sodium fluoride for positron emission tomography imaging. Our findings indicate that rhBMP-2 induced microcalcifications of breast tumor by both systemic and direct injection of rhBMP-2 into tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Although little is known about the molecular mechanism of microcalcification, here we report a new murine model of human breast tumor induced microcalcification by rhBMP-2 to optimize in vivo imaging methods and to study the role of BMP-2 as a mediator of pathological mineralization and bone-like microcalcification formation in breast tumor. This BMP-2-induced microcalcification model may allow us to discriminate the type of microcalcification in tumors and to perform quantitative analysis on the calcification as a new detection strategy for early identification of pathological mineralization of breast tissues in women.
Exploiting Hybrid Precision for Training and Inference: A 2T-1FeFET Based Analog Synaptic Weight Cell

In-memory computing with analog non-volatile memories (NVMs) can accelerate both the in-situ training and inference of deep neural networks (DNNs) by parallelizing multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations in the analog domain. However, the in-situ training accuracy suffers from unacceptable degradation due to undesired weight-update asymmetry/nonlinearity and limited bit precision. In this work, we overcome this challenge by introducing a compact Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) based synaptic cell that exploits hybrid precision for in-situ training and inference. We propose a novel hybrid approach where we use modulated “volatile” gate voltage of FeFET to represent the least significant bits (LSBs) for symmetric/linear update during training only, and use “non-volatile” polarization states of FeFET to hold the information of most significant bits (MSBs) for inference. This design is demonstrated by the experimentally validated FeFET SPICE model and cosimulation with the TensorFlow framework. The results show that with the proposed 6-bit and 7-bit synapse design, the insitu training accuracy can achieve ∼97.3% on MNIST dataset and ∼87% on CIFAR-10 dataset, respectively, approaching the ideal software based training.
What Applied Implies: A Reflection on the Identity of the Religious Research Association

In this 2018 Presidential Address to the Religious Research Association, I explore the applied religious identity of the Association. This address also addresses the manner in which individual basic research efforts could benefit from key practices of an applied research mindset. This applied identity is central to the Religious Research Association as I show from a sketch of its history and through references to previous Presidential addresses. I then discuss three questions that an applied orientation raises for individual research, for dissemination of research findings, and for the future of the Association. I propose answers to this final question that suggest out possible directions forward for the Association to strengthen its distinctive identity characteristic while also addressing the current needs of the broader religious community.
Rationality of finite group representations and local subgroups

Abstract We show that local fields of values and local Schur indices of irreducible characters in a block of a finite group are controlled by local subgroups. A method for computing certain Schur indices and an application for the prime 2 are given.
CHAPTER 4 – The Gene Products of the nif Regulon

This chapter deals with the gene products required for molybdenum-dependent nitrogen fixation ( nif ) in the model organisms Azotobacter vinelandii and Klebsiella pneumoniae with references to a few other systems. The products of the structural genes of the Mo-containing nitrogenase are not initially competent for substrate reduction. Rather, the products of a number of other nitrogen-fixation ( nif )-specific genes are required for maturation of the nitrogenase components to their active forms, for electron transport to nitrogenase, and for activation or inhibition of nif -gene expression under the appropriate physiological conditions. The genes required for electron transport to nitrogenase in K. pneumoniae are nifF and nifJ , which encode a flavodoxin and a pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase, respectively. The pathways for electron transport to nitrogenase in A. vinelandii and other diazotrophs are not yet well defined. The nitrogenase enzyme is composed of two oxygen-labile metalloproteins: dinitrogenase and dinitrogenase reductase. The genes encoding the dinitrogenase component polypeptides, nifD and nifK , are not required for FeMo–co biosynthesis, suggesting that FeMo–co is assembled elsewhere in the cell and is then inserted into a semi-maturated apo-dinitrogenase that already contains the P clusters.
Thyroid dysfunction in fetuses and newborns

Abstract There is an increased demand for thyroid hormones during pregnancy. This is due to an increase in thyroxine-binding globulin, placental type 3 deiodinase, and placental transfer of maternal thyroxine to the fetus. Thyroxine is essential for fetal neurodevelopment. Therefore it is critical that maternal delivery of thyroxine to the fetus is ensured early in gestation. Cretinism occurs from severe iodine deficiency because the mother’s body is unable to manufacture thyroxine for transport to the fetus, especially in the first trimester. Persistently low levels of thyroxine at 12 weeks of gestation are associated with an 8–10-point deficit in mental and motor function scores in infants, compared to children of mothers with normal thyroid function. Other thyroid conditions in fetuses and newborns include congenital goiter, thyroid agenesis or dysplasia, transient hypothyroidism, and consumptive hypothyroidism.
Parental preferences for survey mode of administration, interview versus self-administered, with an asthma management questionnaire.

Background: National asthma guidelines encourage use of patient surveys to aid clinical assessment. Little is known about how these should be administered in acute care settings such as the emergen...
Sugammadex and neuromuscular reversal: special focus on neonatal and infant populations.

Purpose of review Sugammadex is a novel selective muscle relaxant binding agent capable of reversing deep neuromuscular blockade from rocuronium or vecuronium. It has not been approved for use in children by the US FDA because of lack of literature regarding pediatric patients. Recent findings A series of new studies has reported sugammadex administration to increasingly younger patients ranging in the newborn period. Although the literature in pediatrics is improving, most of the available studies in pediatrics are underpowered, retrospective, and measure too many different variables to draw reliable, collective conclusions. Summary All available evidence suggests that sugammadex is likely well tolerated and effective and can be dosed similarly to adults in patients 2 years' old and greater. Sugammadex should be used with caution in patients less than 2 years old.
A machine learning approach for predicting post-stroke aphasia recovery: a pilot study

The potential recovery of post-stroke aphasia is highly variable and the rehabilitation outcomes are difficult to predict. This interdisciplinary collaboration builds on data collected as part of a large set of behavioral and brain variables in patients with post-stroke aphasia, charting the course of recovery associated with therapy across language domains and examining the basis of neuroplasticity. In this pilot study, we created and tested a predictive framework based on a subset of the data collected and developed machine-learning algorithms that take as input a complex set of brain and behavioral features to classify and predict the participants' responsiveness to therapy. We developed Random Forest models that enabled us to rank the importance of these features. We then compared the contributions of different feature sets and discussed their physiological implications. Our preliminary results suggest the potential of our framework, and, thus, this study takes an important first step towards predicting individualized rehabilitation outcomes.
Effects of Race and Poverty on Sleep Duration: Analysis of Patterns in the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey and General National Health Interview Survey Data.

There are health concerns associated with unhealthy sleep duration. A growing body of evidence indicates that there are disparities in sleep duration based upon race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Prior studies have suffered from inadequate measures of poverty and have not included Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI). Using the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 2014 NHPI-NHIS, the effect of race/ethnicity and poverty was examined for associations with sleep duration. Significant differences among race/ethnicity groups and sleep duration were found in adjusted associations. Compared with Whites, NHPIs and Blacks were twice as likely to experience very short sleep; NHPI, Hispanic, and Blacks were more likely to experience short sleep; Blacks were also more likely to experience long sleep. Asians were less likely to experience unhealthy sleep (very short, short, or long sleep). Persons living in poverty were significantly more likely to experience very short sleep compared with persons not living in poverty. This is the first population-based study that has examined the relationship between sleep duration and poverty with a large sample that included NHPI in relation to other races/ethnicities. The difference in sleep duration between NHPI and Asians provides a strong rationale for not aggregating Asian and NHPI data in population-based studies.
EMI Mitigation of a Ćuk-Based Power-Electronic System Using Switching-Sequence-Based Control

Switching-sequence-based control (SBC) laws when designed based on topological switching behavior can have positive effects on slow- and fast-scale dynamics of a power-electronic system (PES). The slow-scale control can encompass fast PES state regulation and tracking, based on predefined objective, while fast-scale control can address differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) spectral-peak energy associated with PES switching operation. Such control laws may offer enhanced programmability to conventional PES design where bulky electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters have been traditionally used to reduce EMI of switching power converters to meet EMI regulatory standards. An EMI filter is always a less programmable solution since it is usually designed for the worst-case EMI mitigation and usually overkill for a PES operating under reduced load condition. The control scheme outlined in this article offers EMI mitigation across wide operating regions without compromising PES regulation. Moreover, it does so by use of switching sequences that guarantee the reachability of the PES dynamics using an advanced Lyapunov-function-based approach. SBC is a powerful tool to generate control actions for a PES based on multivariate PES state constraints. Hence, contemporary EMI regulatory standards are used as constraints in the SBC formulation to operate the PES under wide operating regime while autonomously mitigating the EMI levels. The work may be of paramount importance for operating the ultra-fast-transition recent wide-bandgap semiconductor devices like GaN–FET and SiC mosfet under higher power with increasing switching frequencies, which is usually desirable for increased power density and reduced switching losses. Here, a hardware Cuk–PES operated with GaN–FETs is fabricated and is used for case illustration. It is shown by experimental results how SBC mitigate DM and CM EMI noise of the PES while maintaining regulation even for the higher order nonminimum phase PES, while reducing sensor requirements using state observer derived from the switching model of the PES.
Truth and Advocacy: Reducing Bias in Policy-Related Research.

Critics have suggested that psychological research is characterized by a pervasive liberal bias, and this problem may be particularly acute in research on issues related to public policy. In this a...
Improved Ultrasound Localization Microscopy based on Microbubble Uncoupling via Transmit Excitation (MUTE)

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) demonstrates great potential for visualization of tissue microvasculature at depth with high spatial resolution. The success of ULM heavily depends on the robust localization of isolated microbubbles (MBs), which can be challenging in vivo especially within larger vessels where MBs can overlap and cluster close together. While MB dilution alleviates the issue of MB overlap to a certain extent, it drastically increases the data acquisition time needed for MBs to populate the microvasculature, which is already on the order of several minutes using recommended MB concentrations. Inspired by optical super-resolution imaging based on stimulated emission depletion (STED), here we propose a novel ULM imaging sequence based on microbubble uncoupling via transmit excitation (MUTE). MUTE "silences" MB signals by creating acoustic nulls to facilitate MB separation, which leads to robust localization of MBs especially under high concentrations. The efficiency of localization accomplished via the proposed technique was first evaluated in simulation studies with conventional ULM as a benchmark. Then an in vivo study based on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos showed that MUTE could reduce the data acquisition time by half thanks to the enhanced MB separation and localization. Finally, the performance of MUTE was validated in an in vivo mouse brain study. These results demonstrate the high MB localization efficacy of MUTE-ULM, which contributes to a reduced data acquisition time and improved temporal resolution for ULM.
Pediatric Sciatic Neuropathy Secondary to Subacute Ischial Osteomyelitis: A Case Report

Sciatic neuropathy (SN) is rarely encountered in the pediatric population. The causes of this mononeuropathy are either infectious, immune mediated, toxic, or infiltrative (tumoral). In this article, we presented the case of a 7.5-year-old male child who presented to the emergency department with a painful right lower limb. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of subacute osteomyelitis of the ischium, which extended toward the external hip rotators and infiltrated the tissues around the sciatic nerve. Treatment with intravenous antibiotics (flucloxacillin 50 mg/kg/d and gentamicin 10 mg/kg/d) rapidly improved the child's condition and relieved neurological symptoms within a few days. Traumatic and iatrogenic injuries are the most common causes for SN. To our knowledge, this presented case is the first to describe SN due to an infectious process following subacute osteomyelitis.
Staffing for the Implementation of an Integrated Computer-Assisted Human Resources Planning System

Successful implementation of integrated computer-assisted human resources planning systems requires the consideration of staffing well beyond the traditional computer professional occupations. The key staff members must be multi-disciplinary and multi-functional. The knowledge base that is required extends both across technical disciplines (e.g., economics, behavioral science, mathematics, computer science, etc.) and across user orientations (i.e., research, development, and operational communities). This paper examines these staffing requirements from the point of view of both what kinds of personnel are needed as well as how these individuals need to interact with one another and with the user community.
Chapter 2 Elucidation of Structural Formula, Configuration, and Conformation of Alkaloids by X-Ray Diffraction

Publisher Summary This chapter the procedures used in crystal-structure analysis, provides a guide to the evaluation of the published results, provides examples of the different types of information available from diffraction experiments, and describes a few alkaloids with unusual structural features. The various kinds of information that are immediately derivable from a crystal-structure analysis by X-ray diffraction and their applications to alkaloid molecules are discussed. From unequivocally providing the structural formula, stereochemistry, and absolute configuration of an alkaloid of unknown formula to establishing the spatial arrangement of the atoms, particularly the disposition of the atoms that are the reactive centers or that provide a steric hindrance to reaction, crystal-structure analyses are extremely useful and often indispensable. A classic procedure in the chemical study of alkaloids includes extraction from a plant or animal source, chemical isolation and purification of the active principal, elucidation of the molecular formula by means of chemical degradation, mass spectrometry, infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, and laboratory synthesis of the product.
Using a Hopfield network for rotation and scale independent pattern recognition

This paper outlines a two-dimensional pattern recognition paradigm which is independent of rotation and scale. It is based on the Hopfield neural network, using a configuration similar to that employed for the traveling salesman problem. Enhancements to the original Hopfield design are included based on the eigenvalues of the connection matrix and through extensive simulations. The goal is to determine the underlying linear transformation between a binary valued test image and an unknown input pattern by minimizing the energy within the network. Experiment has demonstrated that this unconventional scheme performs successfully on a variety of rotated and scaled images and is robust against additive noise. >