cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FLUCTUATIONS IN ROUND-TO-ROUND SCORING AND GOLFERS' HANDICAPS

The game of golf involves a variety of skills, so many facets of the game are amenable to improvement. Research results have indicated that certain shot-rnaking skills may be most relevant to scoring success (2). However, in a recent survey polling amateur golfers, results indicated that round-to-round consistency in scoring, rather than specific shot-making skills, was the most popular response to a question concerning the specific aspects of the game that golfers were most interested in improving (1). Yet little is known about the round-to-round scoring consistency as related to gollers of various skill levels. The purpose of this study was to examine consistency in scoring across rounds as this consistency related to specific scoring handicaps. The subjects were current male Professional Golf Association professional golfers and male amateur golfers holding registered Professional Golf Association handicaps. The subjects were grouped into five categories: (a) professionals, (b) 0 to 6 handicappers, (c) 7 to 11 handicappers, (d) 12 to 16 handicappers, and (e) 17 to 21 handicappers. Each group contained 25 subjects. To examine round-to-round scoring consistency among professional golfers, the results of six randomly selected 1988 Professional Golf Association tournaments were examined. The diEferences between each of the top 20 players' lowest and hghest rounds for each of the four-round tournaments were used to calculate a mean difference across tournaments. Mean differences pertaining to the amateurs were determined by averaging the ranges of each group of four consecutive scores across the most recent 24 successive scores. A one-way analysis of variance, used to examine the effects of handicap grouping on fluctuations in round-to-round scoring, indicated no significant differences between groups with alpha set at the .05 level. These results are interpreted as an indication that fluctuations in round-to-round scoring do not vary among professionals through 20 plus handicappers. The point is further supported in the examinations of the maximum ranges associated with each group. The maximum range across four consecutive scores for the professional golfers was 13. Maximum ranges for each of the remaining groups varied from 13 to 16 strokes. In light of these findings, amateur golfers may set unrealistic goals in their attempts to increase round-to-round consistency. The game of golf appears to lead inherently to inconsistency in round-to-round scoring, regardless of skill levels. This realization may help golfers to accept scoring fluctuations as part of the game and not as an indication of skill.
Optical coherent transient measurements of velocity-changing collisions in SF(6).

Elastic velocity-changing collisions have been observed for the first time to our knowledge in a nonpolar molecule by photon-echo studies of SF6 using a frequency-switched CO2 laser that we have developed. The photon-echo decay is nonexponential and reveals the velocity-changing collision cross section to be σvc = 180 A2, with an average velocity change per collision of Δu = 155 cm/sec. Using delayed optical nutation, we also determine the cross section for the population decay rate (1/T1) to be σpop = 335 A2. To within experimental accuracy, we find that phase-interrupting collisions are not important (T1 ≃ T2). A comparison of these cross sections with those for the polar molecule 13CH3F is made.
Linear and nonlinear dynamic instability of rotating polytropes

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic computer program is used to study the growth of nonaxisymmetric structures in rapidly rotating, self-gravitating polytropes. Models with polytropic index n = 0.8, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8 are studied. The initially axisymmetric equilibria are constructed by the Ostriker-Mark self-consistent-field method. The nonaxisymmetric pattern that develops out of low-amplitude random noise is a two-armed spiral with a well-defined pattern speed and growth rate which closely match properties of the toroidal mode predicted from the linear, second-order tensor-virial equation. A Fourier analysis of each polytrope's azimuthal density distribution shows that, even in the linear amplitude regime, higher-order angular patterns also develop exponentially in time. The higher-order patterns ultimately move in synchronization with the broad two-armed spiral, creating a narrow two-armed spiral. As the polytropic index is decreased, a more open and centrally more barlike pattern develops.
Concise Review: Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells and Cardiac Lineage: Potential for Heart Repair

Valuable and ample resources have been spent over the last two decades in pursuit of interventional strategies to treat the unmet demand of heart failure patients to restore myocardial structure and function. At present, it is clear that full restoration of myocardial structure and function is outside our reach from both clinical and basic research studies, but it may be achievable with a combination of ongoing research, creativity, and perseverance. Since the 1990s, skeletal myoblasts have been extensively investigated for cardiac cell therapy of congestive heart failure. Whereas the Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial revealed that transplanted skeletal myoblasts did not integrate into the host myocardium and also did not transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes despite some beneficial effects on recipient myocardial function, recent studies suggest that skeletal muscle-derived stem cells have the ability to adopt a cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro and in vivo. This brief review endeavors to summarize the importance of skeletal muscle stem cells and how they can play a key role to surpass current results in the future and enhance the efficacious implementation of regenerative cell therapy for heart failure.
Selective vulnerability in the developing central nervous system

Selective patterns of cerebral injury are observed after a variety of insults at different ages during development. Distinct populations of cells demonstrate selective vulnerability during these specific developmental stages, which may account for the observed patterns of injury. We review the evidence that injury to preoligodendrocytes and subplate neurons contributes to periventricular white matter injury in preterm infants, whereas thalamic neuronal cell vulnerability and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-expressing striatal interneurons resistance result in deep gray nuclei damage in the term infant. The unique roles of particular mechanisms including oxidative stress, glutamatergic neurotransmission, and programmed cell death are discussed in the context of this selective vulnerability.
Poor Prognosis for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Despite ICD Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Sudden Death

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been independently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy for prevention of sudden death in this large, high-risk population. We sought to evaluate the impact of CKD on survival in patients who received an ICD for primary prevention of sudden death. Methods and Results: In this retrospective study of patients who underwent ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden death, patients were stratified by CKD, defined as serum creatinine ≥2 mg/dL or dialysis use. Primary endpoint was mortality. CKD was identified in 35 of 229 patients (15.3%). There were 33 deaths during a follow-up period of 18.0 ± 15.2 months: 17 of 35 CKD patients and 16 of 194 patients without CKD (48.6% vs 8.2%, P < 0.00001 by log-rank). One-year survival for patients with and without CKD was 61.2% and 96.3%, respectively. Cox regression analysis controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, ejection fraction, and medications proved CKD to be the strongest independent predictor of death (hazard ratio 10.5; 95% confidence interval 4.8–23.1; P = 0.0001). This risk was dependant on severity of CKD; a 10 mL/min reduction in creatinine clearance was associated with a 55% increase in hazard of death (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In patients receiving an ICD for primary prevention of sudden death, CKD significantly reduced long-term survival. This poor prognosis may limit the impact of primary prevention ICD therapy in this patient population.
Non-habituation of core temperature responses from intraspecific confrontation between deer mice

Abstract 1. 1. Psychosocial stimuli produce characteristic behavioral responses which are accompanied by marked increases in core temperatures. 2. 2. Social confrontations between mice and exposure to novel environments produce greater amplitudes and longer durations of temperature response than result from handling, noise or exercise. 3. 3. Exposures of animals to repeated intraspecific challenges indicate that habituation of the temperature response to repeated daily challenges occurs much more slowly than behavioral habituation. 4. 4. Socialization of introduced animals into groups, as measured by cohensive and avoidance behaviors and by temperature response, requires 7 or more days.
Covalent integrity and molecular weights of yeast ribosomal ribonucleic acid components.

Abstract 1. Yeast ribosomal RNA has been isolated from 83-S particles with sodium dodecyl sulfate, Macaloid (an anionic clay), and phenol. 2. RNA solutions were heated to 80° for 1 min in order to dissociate polynucleotide fragments held together by non-covalent forces. More than 60 % of the 26-S RNA in the several preparations tested survived this treatment and is thus judged to consist of intact molecules. 3. The molecular weights of the 17-S and 26-S RNA species were estimated from sedimentation equilibrium data. The two components were found to contain approximately 1800 and 3300 nucleotides, respectively.
Reactivation of bleomycin lung toxicity following oxygen administration. A second response to corticosteroids.

We report a patient who had two episodes of bleomycin lung toxicity with a good clinical response following corticosteroid therapy. The first episode followed treatment with 120 units of bleomycin and was characterized by cough and dyspnea. The second resulted in ARDS following a surgical procedure that used an FIo2 level of 0.33.
775-1 Characterization of Elastin Disruption in Marfan Aortopathy with Frequency Dependent Backscatter

To determine if abnormal vessel wall material properties in Marfan Syndrome (MF) can be sensitively detected by ultrasonic tissue characterization, aortic tissue was obtained from 6 MF patients undergoing resection of aortic aneurysms and from 4 patients without evidence of aortic disease at the time of autopsy. Each tissue sample was insonified ex vivo with a 50 MHz acoustic microscope. The apparent frequency dependence of scattering, not compensated for attenuation, was calculated according to a power law dependence of backscatter (B) on frequency (f): B2 = afn. In this formula, n is the linearly fitted slope of the log-log plot, and characterizes the frequency dependence of scattering. Tissues were scanned both perpendicular and parallel to the expected long axis orientation of fibers in the vessel wall to quantify anisotropy, or directional sensitivity, of frequency dependence of backscatter. Anisotropy = nperpendicular – nparallel, and is a measure of tissue organization. Download : Download high-res image (84KB) Download : Download full-size image The average frequency dependence of perpendicular scattering, or n, was significantly different for MF versus normal aorta (0.08 ± 0.65 vs 3.05 ± 1.2, P l 0.02) but was not different for parallel scattering. The anisotropy was significantly different (–0.03 vs 2.68 for MF versus normal aorta, p l 0.002). Elastin content measured by computer-assisted planimetry as a % of the vessel wall was significantly lower for MF versus normal aorta (19 ± 7 vs 41 ± 11%, P l 0.001) whereas collagen concentration did not differ. These data suggest that quantitative ultrasonic tissue characterization is a sensitive tool for defining the structure and organization of human vessel matrix architecture in MF and appears particularly sensitive to disruption of elastin lamellae.
Radiation therapy in the management of head-and-neck cancer of unknown primary origin: how does the addition of concurrent chemotherapy affect the therapeutic ratio?

Purpose To determine how the addition of cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy to radiation therapy influences outcomes among a cohort of patients treated for head-and-neck cancer of unknown primary origin. Methods and Materials The medical records of 60 consecutive patients treated by radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck presenting as cervical lymph node metastasis of occult primary origin were reviewed. Thirty-two patients (53%) were treated by concurrent chemoradiation, and 28 patients (47%) were treated by radiation therapy alone. Forty-five patients (75%) received radiation therapy after surgical resection, and 15 patients (25%) received primary radiation therapy. Thirty-five patients (58%) were treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Results The 2-year estimates of overall survival, local-regional control, and progression-free survival were 89%, 89%, and 79%, respectively, among patients treated by chemoradiation, compared to 90%, 92%, and 83%, respectively, among patients treated by radiation therapy alone ( p > 0.05, for all). Exploratory analysis failed to identify any subset of patients who benefited from the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiation therapy. The use of concurrent chemotherapy was associated with a significantly increased incidence of Grade 3+ acute and late toxicity ( p Conclusions Concurrent chemoradiation is associated with significant toxicity without a clear advantage to overall survival, local-regional control, and progression-free survival in the treatment of head-and-neck cancer of unknown primary origin. Although selection bias cannot be ignored, prospective data are needed to further address this question.
Non‐Mortgage Factors Affecting Housing Sales and Construction: A Case Study of Transactions in 3 Counties of Southeastern Wisconsin, 1974‐78

. The surge in the sale and construction of housing in three counties of southeastern Wisconsin between 1974 and 1978 could not be readily explained in terms of the credit cost and credit availability theory, the expectation theory or affordability. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of home buyers. Their responses showed that the main motivating factors were investment purpose, the desire for a bigger and better home, and anticipation of higher home prices. Data supported their responses as the rate of return on investment in housing (equity appreciation) was significantly higher than both the mortgage interest rate and the return on alternative investments. Although median family income lagged behind home prices, it kept pace with ownership costs. Thus, given the demand, the critical factor was affordability.
Microbial Oxidation of Methyl Branched Alkanes

(1977). Microbial Oxidation of Methyl Branched Alkanes. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 413-422.
Design and analysis of a test coupon for fusion welding

The objective of a weld coupon is to provide a simple test to determine the effects of different welding parameters and constraints on the final state of fusion welds. With such a test it will be possible to judge the performance of a particular weld under known states of temperature and external restraint. This paper describes the experiments and analyses performed on a thin coupon with a circular weld bead which was designed to simulate a typical manufacturing geometry. The temperatures and deformations measured in the experiments corresponded closely to those of the analyses. It was found that such a geometry provides a high degree of restraint regardless of the radius of the circular weld bead. Experimental and analytical stresses indicate that extensive yielding occurs throughout the coupon.
Red herring or low illumination? The peninsula effect revisited

Aim The peninsula effect is the prediction that the number of species declines from a peninsula's base to its tip. We evaluated evidence for and against the peninsula effect, and conducted a field study designed to test alternative hypotheses for that effect. Location The Florida peninsula, USA. Methods First, we critically reviewed the accumulated literature on peninsula effects; second, we sampled microcrustaceans in palustrine wetlands on the ridges of peninsular Florida. Site selection in our field study accounted for historical effects and partially controlled for habitat effects. Statistical analyses further accounted for habitat effects, leaving peninsular geometry as the remaining causative mechanism for residual variation in species richness regression analyses. Results Our literature review found mixed evidence (49% of cases) for a peninsula effect. However, most study designs did not control for alternative hypotheses, most comparisons of alternative hypotheses were qualitative, and most studies focused on vertebrate animals. Our field study found that freshwater microcrustaceans inhabiting isolated wetlands on Florida’s peninsular ridges do not exhibit a peninsula effect. Essentially, no variation in microcrustacean species richness could be attributed to peninsular geometry, but 82.5% of variation in species richness was attributed to habitat and sampling effort. Main conclusions Although our research results support the ‘red herring’ label for the peninsula effect, our literature review leads us to argue that more illumination (in the form of study design and quantitative analysis) is needed if mechanisms causing the peninsula effect hypothesis are to be resolved. Future studies of peninsula effects need to control for alternative causative hypotheses (geometry, habitat or history) in study design, and compare quantitatively the effects of hypothesized mechanisms on peninsular diversity patterns. Additionally, studies of taxa other than vertebrate animals need to be conducted for generality. Our study may serve as an example of such an approach.
A STUDY OF THE ANTIDIURETIC FACTOR OCCURRING IN NORMAL PREGNANCY, AND THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF AN APPARENTLY SIMILAR FACTOR IN NONPREGNANT ANIMALS

MANY WORKERS have considered that hyperfunction of the pituitary gland may be a potent factor in the production of eclampsia. In favor of such a suggestion one might list the following: a. Eclampsia is characterized by hypertension. Extracts of the posterior lobe of the pituitary produce hypertension when injected into animals. Dieckmann (1) has found that the blood volume in eclampsia is characteristically low. Griffith, Corbit, Rutherford and Lindauer (2) have shown that the circulating blood volume is low after injection of pitressin in pressor dosage. They have also observed, in rats, that a hypertension may persist several weeks after the last of a series of injections of posterior lobe extract. b. Several investigators, including Janney and Walker, (3) have shown that some degreeof fluid retention is characteristic even of normal pregnancy but this becomes more marked with the onset of eclampsia. The antidiuretic effect of posterior pituitary substance in low dosage is well known.
Inhibition of subcellular cholinesterases by 2-carbomethoxy-l-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate (mevinphos) in vitro and in vivo

Abstract The rat brain subcellular cholinesterases behaved differently with respect to their inhibition as compared to acetylcholinesterase from bovine red blood cells or pseudocholinesterase from equine plasma. The bimolecular inhibition constants ( k i ) determined for all subcellular brain fractions were larger than those determined for either of the circulating enzymes. The variability in k i values was caused by the differences in affinity between the inhibitor and particular chlonesterase preparation. Rats treated ip with 4 mg/kg mevinphos showed variable inhibition of subcellular brain cholinesterases. There was no correlation between the degree of inhibition and clinical signs. The subcellular fractions prepared from heart tissue of treated animals showed consistent inhibition.
Heavy ion induced crystallization in amorphous phases

Abstract Bombardment of an amorphous phase with high energy, heavy ions both lowered the crystallization temperature and changed the crystallization mode compared to annealing without concurrent ion bombardment. Ion bombardment caused a direct transformation to the equilibrium crystalline phase or phases from the amorphous phase with no intermediate phase formation. These radiation effects were observed in three sputter deposited, amorphous allqys: Fe 61Cr 17Ni 8W 14, Ni 50Mo 50 and Ni 45Ti 55. The lowering of the crystallization temperature is attributed to an increase in the excess free volume in the amorphous structure by the irradiation which consequently increases atomic mobility. This is analogous to radiation-enhanced diffusion phenomenon in crystalline structures. The high degree of localized atom displacements in cascades induced by the heavy ions should also provide sufficient activation to form the equilibrium phases without the necessity of forming metastable phases. No metastable phases were observed during annealing of amorphous Ni 45Ti 55; therefore, ion bombardment had little effect on the crystallization mode in this particular alloy.
Atrocities exposure in Vietnam combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: Relationship to combat exposure, symptom severity, guilt, and interpersonal violence

Vietnam combat veterans (N = 151) with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) completed measures of atrocities exposure, combat exposure, PTSD symptom severity, guilt and interpersonal violence. PTSD symptom severity, guilt and interpersonal violence rates were similar to previously reported studies that examined treatment seeking combat veterans with PTSD. Controlling for combat exposure, endorsement of atrocities exposure was related to PTSD symptom severity, PTSD B (reexperiencing) symptoms, Global Guilt, Guilt Cognitions, and cognitive subscales of Hindsight-Bias/Responsibility and Wrongdoing. These results are discussed in the context of previous research conducted regarding atrocities exposure and PTSD.
RNA synthesis and enzyme induction by hydrocortisome

Abstract Fractionation and characterization of the pulse-labeled RNA from livers of rats treated with hydrocortisone demonstrates that the hormone increases the synthesis of ribosomal and transfer RNA as well as a DNA-like RNA. The hormone did not affect the rate of labeling of transfer RNA due to turnover of the -pCpCpA terminus of the polynucleotide chain. Labeling of acid-soluble nucleotides (AMP) was similarly unaffected. The general nature of the hormone effect on RNA synthesis suggests that enzyme induction may simply reflect a general increase in hepatic protein synthesis. The rapid turnover enzymes, tyrosine transaminase and tryptophan pyrrolase, can be induced to a limited extent by ethanol in a steroid-independent and actinomycin-sensitive fashion.
Historical Overview of the Army Contributions to Phosphazene Chemistry

The search for new elastomeric materials with a service capability over a wide temperature range and for improved fire-resistant materials formed the basis for the Army interest in polyphosphazenes. The Army Watertown phosphazene program established important working relationships with government and industrial interests, and leading academic scientists. The Watertown laboratory, along with the Army Research Office, supported not only the fundamental research exploring the synthesis and properties of this new class of inorganic polymers, but also the development of polyphosphazenes and phosphazene fluids for the Army, Navy, other government, and commercial applications.
Limits to learning: effects of predator pattern and colour on perception and avoidance-learning by prey

Abstract Abstract. Animal learning is constrained by the ways in which environmental information is perceived, processed and assimilated into a representation of the animal's environment. Colour and pattern, cues used to learn and remember the location of resources, may also be used to learn and remember the location of predators. Avoidance-learning by stingless bees, Trigona fluviventris , was explored at spider orb-webs that were identical in design but differed in colour and at webs that were similar in colour but different in design. Trigona fluviventris are able to see and learn to avoid spider orb-webs. Their rate of learning, however, varies with web visibility, a function of contrast between the web and its background, and, more specifically, with the spectral properties of the silk. More bees were initially intercepted at webs spun by Argiope argentata than webs spun from unpigmented silks by Nephila clavipes (webs of similar spectral properties but different design). However, bees learned faster to avoid Argiope webs indicating that interception and escape are important components of the learning process. Fewer bees were intercepted at yellow pigmented webs than webs spun from unpigmented silks by N. clavipes (webs of different spectral properties but identical design) even though yellow webs reflected less light. However, bee avoidance-learning was slow at yellow webs. These findings suggest that bee avoidance-learning may be influenced by how chromatic information is processed by insect visual systems. Spiders may have evolved to construct webs that make use of cues that insects strongly associate with food rewards, thereby confounding the insect's ability to learn and remember the web as dangerous.
A missed point in deciphering the viral synergy between herpes simplex virus and HIV.

Philippe Van de Perre and colleagues 1 argue that herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 and HIV infections are synergistic, since suppression of HSV2 decreases HIV load, while Rex G Cheng and Douglas F Nixon 2 insist that interactions between HSV2 and HIV-1 are more complex and that HSV2 coinfection might, in certain cases, be associated with elevated CD4+ T-cell counts. 3 Both groups provide arguments on the basis of their own work and selected results of various clinical trials. 4‐7 Although there has been some criticism of the design and interpretation of results of some of these trials, 8‐10 all of them have one thing in common: they use aciclovir or its prodrug valaciclovir to suppress HSV2 replication and to investigate whether such suppression affects HIV replication and infection.
Weak interactions of a light gravitino: A lower limit on the gravitino mass from the decay ψ→gravitino + antiphotino☆

Abstract The massive gravitino of spontaneously-broken locally supersymmetric theories may well be very light, leading to a mixing between weak and gravitational interactions. Particularly interesting is the photon coupling to a gravitino-antiphotino pair, with a vertex factor ( κ/m 3 2 √6 ) γ μ q 2 : a one-photon exchange with ordinary fermions is equivalent to a local four-fermion interaction. From the upper limit on the decay ψ → gravitino + antiphotino we get a lower limit ∼ 10−8 eV/c2 on the gravitino mass.
A multi-microprocessor implementation of a general purpose pipelined CPU

This paper discusses and shows by example the potential of a network of microprogrammable microprocessors as a cost-effective alternative to traditional hardwired medium- and large-scale mainframes. While biased towards vector processing, this system is not intended to compete with multi-million dollar supercomputers such as the 360/195, CDC STAR, Illiac IV, CRAY-1, TI ASC, etc., which use special algorithms and the fastest circuitry available.The architecture incorporates pipelining, multiprocessing and distributed processing techniques with bipolar microprocessor technology. The result should be a machine which will equal or outperform most traditional third- and fourth-generation mainframes at a fraction of the CPU cost. This should be the case even for scalar, general purpose computation.
Partial discharge. XXI. Acoustic emission based PD source location in transformers

Acoustic emission-based partial discharge source location has been applied successfully to power transformers in both factory and field environments, and this method is becoming an established test procedure with a high success rate. With the aid of local utilities and utility laboratories that use acoustic emission apparatus daily, we expect further advances in this technology and an improved basis for determining suitable application conditions.
Combining Modalities to Treat a Young Woman With a History of Bingeing and Purging

The expert's opinion Research findings indicate that cog nitive-behavioral therapy and phar macotherapy are effective for eating disorders. Other treatment modali ties have not been as well studied. Because the research is not definitive about which approaches are best for which patients, a dizzying array of options may have a place in treat ment. Thus both patients and health care providers can become confused about what to do. Some providers have formed allegiances to a par ticular therapeutic approach, while others try to tailor a multidimen sional approach to a particular pa tient (1). For Ms. B, although psycho dynamic psychotherapy was useful in alleviating some problems, the bulimic symptoms needed to be ad dressed directly. The previous thera pist's adherence to a strict psycho dynamic orientation in the midst of severe symptomatology had led to the end of a long-term therapeutic relationship. The first issue in treating an anorexic or bulimic patient is to de termine whether the patient requires hospitalization. This decision is at bitrary because no absolute medical or psychiatric criteria for inpatient treatment have been established. We use the following broad-based crite na for hospitalization: . Weight lossgreater than30 percent in the past three months . Severe metabolic disturban ces as manifested by a pulse rate less than 40 beats per minute, tempera ture less than 36 degrees centigrade, systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm Hg, or serum potassium less than 2.5 mmol/L despite oral potas sium replacement . Severe depression withsui cide risk . Debilitatingbingeingand purging nonresponsive to outpatient treatment Andrew W. Brotman, M.D.
N-Myc overexpression leads to decreased β1 integrin expression and increased apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells

Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor thought to arise through improper differentiation of neural crest cells. Increased N-Myc expression in neuroblastoma indicates highly malignant disease and poor patient prognosis. N-myc enhances cell growth, insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-IR) expression, and tumorigenicity in combination with Bcl-2. Despite these effects, N-Myc overexpression in SHEP neuroblastoma cells (SHEP/N-Myc cells) increases serum-withdrawal and mannitol-induced apoptosis. Although we have previously shown a protective effect of IGF-I in SHEP cells, in SHEP/N-Myc cells IGF-I rescue from mannitol-induced apoptosis is prevented. N-Myc overexpression has little effect on IGF-IR signaling pathways, but results in increased Akt phosphorylation when Bcl-2 is coexpressed. A loss of integrin-mediated adhesion promotes apoptosis in many systems. SHEP/N-Myc cells have dramatically less β1 integrin expression than control cells, consistent with previous reports. β1 integrin expression is decreased in more tumorigenic neuroblastoma cells lines, including IMR32 and SH-SY5Y cells. Reintroduction of β1 integrin into the N-Myc-overexpressing cells prevents mannitol-mediated apoptosis. We speculate that N-Myc repression of β1 integrin expression leads to a less differentiated phenotype, resulting in increased growth and tumorigenesis if properly supported or apoptosis if deprived of growth sustaining molecules.
A new correlation of sapphirine granulites in the indo-antarctic metamorphic terrain: Late proterozoic dates from the eastern ghats province of India

Abstract Uranium-lead and thorium-lead ages were obtained from perrierite and zircons in two samples from the Eastern Ghats Province of South India, a sapphirine-bearing granulite from Anakapalle and a charnockite from Visakhapatnam. The isotopic data are concordant or close to concordant at 1 Ga, which is interpreted to be the age of granulite-facies metamorphism and charnockite plutonism in the vicinity of Anakapalle and Visakhapatnam, and provides the first report of a late Proterozoic granulite-facies event in the Eastern Ghats Province. In reassemblies of Gondwanaland based on DuToit's original proposal, the Eastern Ghats Province is juxtaposed against a high-grade terrain in East Antarctica affected by a granulite-facies event and charnockitic plutonic activity 800–1100 Ma ago. The ages reported here suggest that a portion of the Eastern Ghats Province represents an extension of the late Proterozoic terrain from Antarctica into India. The radiometric results on the Anakapalle rocks are the first evidence in South India for sapphirine formation during the late Proterozoic; other South Indian sapphirine localities appear to be Archaean in age. A review of sapphirine localities in the Indo-Antarctic metamorphic terrain indicates that sapphirine developed under a range of pressure-temperature conditions during the Archaean and Proterozoic. Evidence for a systematic change in peak metamorphic conditions with time is obscured by these regional variations. Characterization of the entire pressure-temperature path, in addition to estimates for the peak conditions, is needed to distinguish the Archaean and Proterozoic metamorphic regimes.
The effect of attention loading on the inhibition of choice reaction time to visual motion by concurrent rotary motion

This study investigates the influence of attention loading on the established intersensory effects of passive bodily rotation on choice reaction time (RT) to visual motion. Subjects sat at the center of rotation in an enclosed rotating chamber and observed an oscilloscope on which were, in the center, a tracking display and, 10 deg left of center, a RT line. Three tracking tasks and a no-tracking control condition were presented to all subjects in combination with the RT task, which occurred with and without concurrent cab rotations. Choice RT to line motions was inhibited (probability less than .001) both when there was simultaneous vestibular stimulation and when there was a tracking task; response latencies lengthened progressively with increased similarity between the RT and tracking tasks. However, the attention conditions did not affect the intersensory effect; the significance of this for the nature of the sensory interaction is discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR VOLATILE FRACTIONS OF GASOLINE USING CHEMICAL LUMPING ANALYSIS

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have often been used to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals in animals but have been limited to single chemicals and simple mixtures due to the numerous parameters required in the models. To overcome the barrier to modeling more complex mixtures, we used a chemical lumping approach, used in the past in chemical engineering but not in pharmacokinetic modeling, in a rat PBPK model for gasoline hydrocarbons. Our previous gasoline model consisted of five individual components (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and hexane) and a lumped chemical that included all remaining components of whole gasoline. Despite being comprised of hundreds of components, the lumped component could be described using a single set of chemical parameters that depended on the blend of gasoline. In the present study, we extend this approach to evaporative fractions of gasoline. The PBPK model described the pharmacokinetics of all of the volatility-weighted fractions of gasoline when differences in partitioning and metabolism between fractions were taken into account. Adjusting the ventilation rate parameter to account for respiratory depression at high exposures also allowed a much improved description of the data. At high exposure levels, gasoline components competitively inhibit each other's metabolism, and the model successfully accounted for binary interactions of this type, including between the lumped component and the five other chemicals. The model serves as a first example of how the engineering concept of chemical lumping can be used in pharmacokinetics.
The transient analysis of loss networks

Unlike stationary behavior, time-dependent blocking probabilities for loss networks are not well understood and little work has been done except for the single service center case. We propose novel closed-form transient analysis methods for single Erlang loss system and networks, to the best of our knowledge, these are the most efficient ways to analyze the transient behavior of Erlang loss system and networks. Applying this model, time-dependent provisioning can satisfy dynamically changed traffic demands and avoid overprovisioning problem in connection-oriented loss networks.
Quantitative Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology of the North Platte River Watershed, Wyoming

AbstractThe impact of climate change on water resources is a major issue for regions in the world. Climate parameters such as temperature and precipitation are expected to change in the future and could significantly impact available water resources. This paper assesses long-term water availability over the North Platte River watershed, Wyoming, by utilizing the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrologic model and developing streamflow projections under anthropogenic climate change conditions. Uncertainties in the scenarios of climate change and global climate models are assessed by utilizing ensemble multiple models and multiple scenarios from the World Climate Research Programme’s database. The simulated streamflows are compared using an intermodel interscenario approach. Based on streamflow projections, there is a possibility of increased annual streamflow for this region through 2100, with maximum streamflow during 2085–2090. The simulated annual streamflows for future periods vary from −20 to 62...
The method of the French doctrinaires

This essay examines the method of the French Doctrinaires by focusing primarily on the historical writings of their most prominent representative, Francois Guizot (1787–1874). After a brief introductory presentation of the Doctrinaires’ group, the essay discusses the role of historical studies during the Restoration and provides an in-depth analysis of the Doctrinaires’ historical and sociological mode of argument. Special emphasis is put on the Doctrinaires’ distinction between social and political condition. In order to illustrate the Doctrinaires’ method, the essay examines Guizot's nuanced analysis of modern egalitarian society to be found in his book On Death Penalty (1822).
Aristolochia translucida, a new species from Costa Rica

A new species from Costa Rica,Aristolochia translucida, is described and its relationships to other species detailed.
Selection Algorithm for the CALIPSO Lidar Aerosol Extinction-to-Backscatter Ratio

The extinction-to-backscatter ratio (S(sub a)) is an important parameter used in the determination of the aerosol extinction and subsequently the optical depth from lidar backscatter measurements. We outline the algorithm used to determine Sa for the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Spaceborne Observations (CALIPSO) lidar. S(sub a) for the CALIPSO lidar will either be selected from a look-up table or calculated using the lidar measurements depending on the characteristics of aerosol layer. Whenever suitable lofted layers are encountered, S(sub a) is computed directly from the integrated backscatter and transmittance. In all other cases, the CALIPSO observables: the depolarization ratio, delta, the layer integrated attenuated backscatter, beta, and the mean layer total attenuated color ratio, gamma, together with the surface type, are used to aid in aerosol typing. Once the type is identified, a look-up-table developed primarily from worldwide observations, is used to determine the S(sub a) value. The CALIPSO aerosol models include desert dust, biomass burning, background, polluted continental, polluted dust, and marine aerosols.
Reticuloendothelial Clearance of Blood-borne Particulates: Relevance to Experimental Lung Microembolization and Vascular Injury

The rapid increase in sheep lung vascular permeability observed during Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia may be due to embolization of the pulmonary microvasculature by bloodborne particulates. Since alterations in lung microvascular permeability during mild septicemia in sheep may reflect inefficient RES phagocytic clearance of bacteria as well as products of bacterial induced intravascular coagulation, the opsonic and phagocytic aspects of RES function in sheep (30-50 kg) were compared to other species. RES function was evaluated by both the clearance and relative organ uptake of gelatinized I(131) RE test lipid emulsion and gelatinized colloidal carbon. Immunoreactive opsonic a(2)SB glycoprotein levels were determined by electroimmunoassay. The phagocytic index for RES clearance of the gelatinized (500 mg/kg) test lipid in sheep was 0.019 +/- 0.002 corresponding to a half-time of 16.65 +/- 1.74 minutes. With colloidal carbon (64 mg/kg), the phagocytic index in sheep was 0.080 +/- 0.026, corresponding to a half-time of 6.16 +/- 1.99 minutes. The per cent of injected lipid emulsion (%ID) in major RE organs, on a total organ basis (TO), was: liver = 15.69 +/- 1.65%; spleen = 2.09 +/- 0.78%. Localization in the lung = 31.39 +/- 6.2%. The per cent of carbon localized in major RE organs (%ID/TO) was: liver = 21.37 +/- 1.9%; spleen = 1.95 +/- 0.55%. Localization in the lung = 32.70 +/- 4.55%. In contrast, clearance and organ distribution of the blood-borne test microparticles in rats and dogs at the same relative challenging dose revealed a much more intense and rapid liver and spleen RES uptake with minimal lung localization (1-2%). Immunoreactive opsonic protein concentrations varied greatly with species and directly correlated with efficiency of RES function. Levels observed were: dog = 1285 +/- 135 microg/ml; mouse = 1077 +/- 67 microg/ml; rat = 400 +/- 31 microg/ml; human = 297 +/- 10 microg/ml; and sheep = 184 +/- 13 microg/ml. After intravenous particulate challenge, circulating immunoreactive opsonic protein in the sheep was depleted (p < 0.05) rapidly with partial recovery at 24 hours and mild rebound hyperopsonemia at 48 hours. This pattern is in contrast to the rapid restoration seen in dog and rat within three to six hours postchallenge. Thus, in sheep, the extensive pulmonary localization of blood-borne microparticles appears related to inefficient RES clearance function mediated by a relative deficiency of circulating opsonic protein (plasma fibronectin).
Some historical connections between existentialism, daseinsanalysis, phenomenology and the Würzburg School.

(1967). Some Historical Connections Between Existentialism, Daseinsanalysis, Phenomenology, and the Wurzburg School. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 3-24.
To receive my services you must be dying and alone

Following is a collection of short fiction. The work comes out of the tradition of realism with influences from surrealism and the gothic grotesque. While most of the work of creation centered around character and voice, several themes emerge in the final product. Death and its perception in American society play central roles in many pieces. Also, the collection explores the experience of intimacy in many types of interpersonal relationships. Several of the pieces focus on the effects environment and location have on individuals and how change of location impacts a character. In conjunction with these many themes, obsession as an attempt to attain fulfillment also runs through the works.
Educating Emergent Bilinguals: Policies, Programs and Practices for English Language Learners, by Ofelia García and Jo Ann Kleifgen

“The problem does not reside in students or their language, but rather in classroom practices that have been shaped by misguided educational policies” (Garcia & Kleifgen, 2010, p. 122). In the rece...
Prioritized scheduling in WDM packet switching networks with limited range wavelength conversion

In this paper we study scheduling problems in unbuffered WDM packet switching networks when the packets have different priorities. The WDM packet switching networks we consider have wavelength conversion ability. We focus on limited range wavelength conversion since it is easier to implement and more cost effective than full range wavelength conversion and also contains the latter as a special case. We formalize the problem of optimal scheduling as a problem of finding an optimal matching in a weighted bipartite graph. The optimal matching is capable of both maximizing network throughput and providing good service differentiation. We give a simple algorithm called the zig-zag path insertion algorithm which solves the problem in O(NKlog(Nk) + NkD) time, where N is the number of input/output fibers of the switching network, k is the number of wavelengths per fiber and D is the conversion degree, as compared to O(N/sup 2/k/sup 2/) time if directly adopting other existing algorithms.
Production of baculovirus defective interfering particles during serial passage is delayed by removing transposon target sites in fp25k

Accumulation of baculovirus defective interfering particle (DIP) and few polyhedra (FP) mutants is a major limitation to continuous large-scale baculovirus production in insect-cell culture. Although overcoming these mutations would result in a cheaper platform for producing baculovirus biopesticides, little is known regarding the mechanism of FP and DIP formation. This issue was addressed by comparing DIP production of wild-type (WT) Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) with that of a recombinant AcMNPV (denoted Ac-FPm) containing a modified fp25k gene with altered transposon insertion sites that prevented transposon-mediated production of the FP phenotype. In addition to a reduction in the incidence of the FP phenotype, DIP formation was delayed on passaging of Ac-FPm compared with WT AcMNPV. Specifically, the yield of DIP DNA in Ac-FPm was significantly lower than in WT AcMNPV up to passage 16, thereby demonstrating that modifying the transposon insertion sites increases the genomic stability of AcMNPV. A critical component of this investigation was the optimization of a systematic method based on the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to characterize extracellular virus DNA. Specifically, PFGE was used to detect defective genomes, determine defective genome sizes and quantify the amount of defective genome within a heterogeneous genome population of passaged virus.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN THE UNITED STATES

In this paper, the process used to develop building codes in the United States of America (USA) is summarized, with emphasis on masonry. Masonry materials used in the USA are discussed. Types of masonry construction in the USA are reviewed, addressing historical as well as modern masonry. Current non-structural and structural applications of masonry in the USA are reviewed. Historical development of masonry codes in the USA is summarized, with emphasis on the current Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC) Code and Specification. Future trends in that document are predicted. The paper closes with a list of challenges to the masonry industry, and a list of focused research topics intended to meet those challenges.