cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New insights into the role of fly ash in mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete

Abstract Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) mitigation mechanisms of fly ash in concrete are still being debated and remain an interesting research topic. This study provides new insights into the role of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in fly ash particles on ASR mitigation. A comprehensive test program was conducted and included expansion measurements, dissolution model experiments of exposed and embedded borosilicate glass elements, analyses of pore and immersion solutions, quantification of Ca(OH)2 content, and microstructural analyses. It was found that in addition to the traditionally accepted mitigation mechanisms such as alkali binding, diffusion control and reduction in available Ca(OH)2, dissolution control of reactive aggregates by aluminum discharged from fly ash particles also contributed to the ASR mitigation. Re-introducing alkalis to fly ash-incorporated concrete prisms which exhibited undeleterious expansion under a long-term ASR exposure triggered and significantly increased the subsequent expansion.
Group Link Prediction Using Conditional Variational Autoencoder.

Though link prediction is a well-studied problem with a large body of solutions, existing methods do not handle the case where the predicted link is between an individual and a group. This limitation prevents link prediction models from being directly applicable to many real-life prediction problems where more than two individuals are involved. Examples of such problems include: finding missing members of a group, soliciting new members to join a group, or recommending a group for a person to join. The central aspect of all of the above problems is predicting linkage between a group and an individual, a task we refer to as group link prediction. In this work we propose an innovative method for solving group link prediction consisting of two complementary models: group-to-individual-link (member-recommendation) and individual-to-group-link (group-recommendation). Both of the proposed models use a conditional variational auto-encoder (CVAE) for solving the respective task. For a given individual (or group), the model learns a conditional probability distribution of a link for each candidate group (or individual) link. We compare our proposed model and a collection of competing models on various real-world datasets and show the superior performance of the proposed model in group link prediction.
Fiber Selection for Reinforced Additive Manufacturing.

The purpose of this review is to survey, categorize, and compare the mechanical and thermal characteristics of fibers in order to assist designers with the selection of fibers for inclusion as reinforcing materials in the additive manufacturing process. The vast “family of fibers” is described with a Venn diagram to highlight natural, synthetic, organic, ceramic, and mineral categories. This review explores the history and practical uses of particular fiber types and explains fiber production methods in general terms. The focus is on short-cut fibers including staple fibers, chopped strands, and whiskers added to polymeric matrix resins to influence the bulk properties of the resulting printed materials. This review discusses common measurements for specific strength and tenacity in the textile and construction industries, including denier and tex, and discusses the proposed “yuri” measurement unit. Individual fibers are selected from subcategories and compared in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties, i.e., density, tensile strength, tensile stiffness, flexural rigidity, moisture regain, decomposition temperature, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. This review concludes with an example of the successful 3D printing of a large boat at the University of Maine and describes considerations for the selection of specific individual fibers used in the additive manufacturing process.
Winds Over the Ocean as Measured by the Scatterometer on SEASAT

The SEASAT SCATTEROMETER (SASS) measured the winds on a global scale over the ocean from June 1978 through October 1978 for a total of nearly 100 days. The concepts that were used had a long period of development starting in 1967.
Belle-II Experiment Network Requirements

The Belle experiment, part of a broad-based search for new physics, is a collaboration of ~;;400 physicists from 55 institutions across four continents. The Belle detector is located at the KEKB accelerator in Tsukuba, Japan. The Belle detector was operated at the asymmetric electron-positron collider KEKB from 1999-2010. The detector accumulated more than 1 ab-1 of integrated luminosity, corresponding to more than 2 PB of data near 10 GeV center-of-mass energy. Recently, KEK has initiated a $400 million accelerator upgrade to be called SuperKEKB, designed to produce instantaneous and integrated luminosity two orders of magnitude greater than KEKB. The new international collaboration at SuperKEKB is called Belle II. The first data from Belle II/SuperKEKB is expected in 2015. In October 2012, senior members of the Belle-II collaboration gathered at PNNL to discuss the computing and neworking requirements of the Belle-II experiment with ESnet staff and other computing and networking experts. The day-and-a-half-long workshop characterized the instruments and facilities used in the experiment, the process of science for Belle-II, and the computing and networking equipment and configuration requirements to realize the full scientific potential of the collaboration?s work.
Court Upholds Lethal Injections

In this article I discuss in detail the Court's holding in Baze v. Rees (dec. 4/16/08) in which the Court upheld, by a vote of 7-2, the use of Kentucky's lethal injection protocol in imposing the death penalty. Chief Justice Roberts' plurality opinion could only garner 3 votes (including his own) and the article explains why this was the case. It also discusses the plurality's conclusion as to why Kentucky's protocol is acceptable, indeed desirable, compared to the alternatives. Finally it recognizes the fundamental basis for the decision: If, as conceded, the death penalty is constitutionally allowed, then there must be some way of carrying it out. The petitioner's were unable to satisfy a majority of the Court that any other alternative was significantly better.
Dermoid Cysts of the Floor of the Mouth in the Pediatric Patient: Report of 2 Cases

0 0 1 77 443 Abrahams 3 1 519 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri;} Dermoid cysts of the floor of mouth are rare in the pediatric population and account for only 0.01% of all oral lesions. They arise as a result of failure of the surface ectoderm to separate from the underlying structures. In the pediatric patient, the initial differential diagnosis is often challenging due to multiple similar appearing lesions, which can occur in the floor of mouth. We report two cases of dermoid cysts in the floor of mouth, and briefly discuss the etiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment in the pediatric patient.
Recommender Systems in Requirements Engineering

Requirements engineering in large-scaled industrial, government, and international projects can be a highly complex process involving thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of potentially distributed stakeholders. The process can result in massive amounts of noisy and semistructured data that must be analyzed and distilled in order to extract useful requirements. As a result, many human intensive tasks in requirements elicitation, analysis, and management processes can be augmented and supported through the use of recommender system and machine learning techniques. In this article we describe several areas in which recommendation technologies have been applied to the requirements engineering domain, namely stakeholder identification, domain analysis, requirements elicitation, and decision support across several requirements analysis and prioritization tasks. We also highlight ongoing challenges and opportunities for applying recommender systems in the requirements engineering domain.
New SPICE macromodel provides increased AC and transient performance and noise analysis capabilities

An effort was undertaken to develop an advanced op. amp. macromodel, called the ADSpice model. The result is a macromodel with excellent AC and transient response characteristics, complete DC characteristics, and full noise analysis capabilities. The flexibility of an unlimited number of pole and zero stages gives the ADSpice model increased accuracy for AC and transient responses. The total result is that the ADSpice model provides a powerful tool in simulating a system's overall performance. >
Implementation of High-Power-Density $X$ -Band AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors in a Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Process

A GaN high electron mobility transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) designer typically has to choose a device design either for high-gain millimeter-wave operation with a short gate length, or for high-power-density $X$ -band operation with a much larger gate/field-plate structure. We provide the designer the option of incorporating two different devices by implementing a 0.14- $\mu \text{m}$ gate length GaN MMIC process capable of high-efficiency Ka-band operation while simultaneously achieving high power density in the same process flow. The key process enabler simply uses the capacitor top plate in the MMIC process as a field plate on the passivation layer. On two separate devices on the same chip using the same MMIC process flow, we demonstrate 7.7 W/mm at 35 GHz and $V_{\mathbf {DS}}=30$ V on a standard $4 \,\, \times \,\, 65$ - $\mu \text{m}$ T-gated FET and then 12.5 W/mm at 10 GHz and $V_{\mathbf {DS}}=60$ V on a $4 \,\, \times \,\, 75$ - $\mu \text{m}$ T-gated FET by adding a field plate. These are the highest reported power densities achieved simultaneously at $X$ -band and Ka-band in a single wideband GaN MMIC process.
Evaluation of B Cell Function in Patients with HIV

HIV disease is associated with abnormalities in all major lymphocyte populations, including B cells. B cell dysfunction in HIV infection is largely driven by alterations in the subsets of B cells that circulate in the blood or reside in tissues. Meaningful functional assays are thus dependent on the identification and isolation of B cell subsets present in the starting material. This unit describes several assays designed to phenotype, fractionate, and assess functional properties of B cells that circulate in the blood of HIV-infected individuals. The four protocols, which have been adapted from standard techniques, are tailored to evaluate B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals infected with HIV, but can also be applied to other disease settings and PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 100:12.13.1-12.13.18. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: B cell; subset isolation; immunophenotyping; HIV; ELISPOT; proliferation; CFSE
An organizational model for digital library evaluation

Evaluation is a central digital library practice. It provides important data for managing digital libraries and informing strategic decision-making. Digital library evaluation and management are organizational as well as technical practices. What evaluation models can account for these organizational factors, in practice as well as in theory? To address these questions, this paper integrates two models, one from the organizational literature (Porter's value chain), and one from the evaluation literature (evaluation logic models), into a generic, flexible and extensible evaluation model that supports the goal-oriented evaluation and management of digital libraries in specific sociotechnical contexts. A case study is provided.
Stereological study of pyramidal neurons in the human superior temporal gyrus from childhood to adulthood.

The association cortex of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) is implicated in complex social and linguistic functions. Thus, reliable methods for quantifying cellular variation in this region could greatly benefit researchers interested in addressing the cellular correlates of typical and atypical function associated with these critical cognitive abilities. To facilitate this task, we first present a general set of cytoarchitectonic criteria targeted specifically toward stereological analyses of thick, Nissl-stained sections for the homotypical cortex of the STG, referred to here as BA22/TA. Second, we use the optical fractionator to estimate pyramidal neuron number and the nucleator for pyramidal somal and nuclear volume. We also investigated the influence of age and sex on these parameters, as well as set a typically developing baseline for future comparisons. In 11 typically developing cases aged 4–48 years, the most distinguishing features of BA22/TA were the presence of distinct granular layers, a prominent, jagged layer IIIc, and a distinctly staining VIa. The average number of neurons was 91 ± 15 million, the volume of pyramidal soma 1,512 µm3, and the nuclear volume 348 µm3. We found no correlation with age and neuron number. In contrast, pyramidal somal and nuclear volume were both negatively correlated and linearly associated with age in regression analyses. We found no significant sex differences. Overall, the data support the idea that postnatal neuron numbers are relatively stable through development but also suggest that neuronal volume may be subject to important developmental variation. Both measures are critical variables in the study of developmental neuropathology. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1054–1072, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction to the Early Childhood Caries Conference: initial description and current understanding

The objective of this paper is to introduce the issues discussed at the Early Childhood Caries Conference, held October 18-19, 1997, in Bethesda, Maryland. Early childhood caries (ECC) is of epidemic proportions in some US minority populations and in many developing countries. However, the inadequate information and research on dental caries in infants and toddlers appears to have fostered acceptance of some incorrect assumptions regarding its etiology and prevention. To reexamine the current knowledge of ECC, leaders in this field have critically reviewed the biological and psychosocial mechanisms, public health implications, prevention, research and policy needs. An additional goal of the conference was to convey the health implications and societal costs of this highly prevalent childhood disease to the public, health care providers and policy-makers.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as metabolism following orally and intravenously administered C14-glipizide, a new antidiabetic

Peak serum concentrations are reached after about 2 h following oral administration of 5 mg radioactive glipizide, and in the case of intravenous administration of 1 mg radioactive substance they are reached immediately following the injection. The half-life amounts to 36 min (compartment 1) and 3.6 h (compartment 2) resp. The distribution volume of the substance is11, 100 ml. — 5 metabolites were detected in the urine; 2 of them remained unidentified; the same metabolites could partly be detected in the serum. — As regards the insulin levels, two peaks can be seen following oral as well as following intravenous administration; the first peak is reached after absorption or after the injection as the case may be, the second one is reached at midday postprandially. — Of the orally administered substance, the greatest share of total activity eliminated in the urine is observed during the first 24 h, 65.2% of the administered activity are renally eliminated during 48 h. The corresponding value for 120 h being 65.4% after oral and 64.8% after intravenous administration. — These data verify complete absorption following oral administration.
Transforming the 2012 Fall Meeting Experience Through Technology

The 2012 Fall Meeting continued building on AGU's commitment to transform the meeting experience through technology.
Financial Crisis Fatigue? Politics behind Japan's Post-Global Financial Crisis Economic Contraction

Despite a relatively healthy financial sector, the Japanese economy contracted 6.3% in 2009 during the global financial crisis (GFC) after the Lehman shock, the starkest drop among the OECD countries. Since then, the Japanese economy has been slow to recover, although the Japanese government has implemented multiple economic stimulus packages with a high aggregate value.By tracing the Japanese government's response to the GFC in the critical months of October 2008 through the end of 2009, this study argues that the Japanese government failed to manage the crisis decisively due to institutional constraints derived, ironically, from the experiences that Japan gained from a series of financial crises in the 1990s and 2000s. Financial crisis fatigue constrained the supply of Japan's fiscal and monetary measures against the GFC and slowed political response. Furthermore, it made Japanese society unresponsive to these measures.
The h92 “intruder” state in odd mass Au and Tl isotopes

Abstract In the odd mass Au and Tl isotopes the h 9 2 proton level falls to the next lowest shell as the neutron number N decreases, thereby destroying the Z = 82 magic gap for these nuclei. With further reduction in N the h 9 2 . level rises in T1, tending to restore the gap. A self-consistent determination of the neutron dependence of the proton spherical single-particle energies reproduces these characteristics of the h 9 2 proton level.
Differences in native-language skills, foreign-language aptitude, and foreign-language grades among high-, average-, and low-proficiency foreign-language learners: two studies

Two studies examined the extent to which there would be differences in native language skills, foreign-language aptitude, and final foreign-language grades among high-school students completing a second year of a foreign-language course and identified as high-, average-, and low-proficiency learners. Oral and written proficiency measures in Spanish, French, and German were designed and administered by trained evaluators. The first study involved 60 females who attended a private, single-sex suburban high school; the second involved a coeducational population of 36 students in a suburban public2 school. Results showed overall differences among the three proficiency groups on native-language and foreign-language aptitude measures. Most group differences were between high- and lowproficiency learners, although high vs average and average vs low groups differed on some measures. There were also group differences in final grades at end of both first-year and second-year foreign-language courses. Discriminant a...
Representation of single-axis grain boundary functions

Abstract The ability to describe continuous functions on the space of grain boundary parameters is crucial for investigating the functional relations between the structure and the properties of interfaces, in analogy to the way that continuous distribution functions for orientations (i.e. texture information) have been used extensively in the optimization of polycrystalline microstructures. Here we develop a rigorous framework for the description of continuous functions for a subset of the five-parameter grain boundary space, called the “single-axis grain boundary” space. This space consists of all the boundary plane orientations for misorientations confined to a single axis, and is relevant to the method of presenting boundary plane statistics in widespread current use. We establish the topological equivalence between the single-axis grain boundary space and the 3-sphere, which in turn enables the use of hyperspherical harmonics as basis functions to construct continuous functions. These functions enable the representation of statistical distributions and the construction of functional forms for the structure–property relationships of grain boundaries.
Complexities of simulating a hybrid agent-landscape model using multi-formalism composability

Hybrid agent-landscape models are used as an environment in which to study humans, the environment, and their dynamics. To provide flexibility in model design, expressiveness, and modification, the environment models and human agent models should be developed independently. While retaining each model's individuality, the models can be composed to create a model of a complex, hybrid agent-landscape system. This should allow for a much more in-depth analysis of each model independently, as well as a study of their interactions. To create such a modeling environment requires a look beyond a simple interface between two models. It may require that the models' formalisms be composed, their execution be synchronized, their architectures be integrated, and a common visualization be created to provide a whole-system data view during simulation. This paper discusses the complexities of such an undertaking.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSIAL NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEM IN THE FETAL ARMADILLO (DASYPUS NOVEMCINCTUS), WITH NOTES ON RABBIT, CAT, AND DOG.

Abstract The development of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in the fetal armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) was studied and was found to be comparatively precocious. With aldehyde-fuchsin staining, the neurosecretory substance was first visible in the neurohypophysis of the 2.3-cm fetus. Secretory granules appeared in the supraoptic nucleus by the 4.5-cm stage and in the paraventricular nucleus by the 6-cm stage. The neurosecretory tracts were delineated in the 6-cm fetus, and Herring bodies were present in the infundibular stalk and process in the 7.5-cm fetus. The fetus measures 10–10.5 cm crown-rump at term.
Characterization of randomly-obtained matrix attachment regions (MARs) from higher plants.

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) can be operationally defined as DNA fragments that bind to the nuclear matrix. We have created a library of randomly obtained MARs from tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) by cloning DNA fragments that co-isolate with nuclear matrixes prepared by a method involving lithium diiodosalicylate. The interactions of several of the cloned MARs with nuclear matrixes were tested by an in vitro binding assay in which genomic DNA was used as competitor. Based on this assay, the MARs were classified as strong, medium, and weak binders. Examples of each of the binding classes were further studied by in vitro binding using self- and cross-competition. Estimates of dissociation constants for several MARs ranged from 6 to 11 nM and correlated inversely with binding strength. The number of binding sites per matrix for several MARs ranged from 4 × 105 to 9 × 105 and correlated directly with binding strength. We conclude that binding strength, as we have measured it, is a function of both numbers of...
Structure and thermodynamics of N6-methyladenosine in RNA: a spring-loaded base modification

N(6)-Methyladenosine (m(6)A) modification is hypothesized to control processes such as RNA degradation, localization, and splicing. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. Here, we measured structures of an RNA duplex containing m(6)A in the GGACU consensus, along with an unmodified RNA control, by 2D NMR. The data show that m(6)A-U pairing in the double-stranded context is accompanied by the methylamino group rotating from its energetically preferred syn geometry on the Watson-Crick face to the higher-energy anti conformation, positioning the methyl group in the major groove. Thermodynamic measurements of m(6)A in duplexes reveal that it is destabilizing by 0.5-1.7 kcal/mol. In contrast, we show that m(6)A in unpaired positions base stacks considerably more strongly than the unmodified base, adding substantial stabilization in single-stranded locations. Transcriptome-wide nuclease mapping of methylated RNA secondary structure from human cells reveals a structural transition at methylated adenosines, with a tendency to single-stranded structure adjacent to the modified base.
Neurosurgery Certification in Member Societies of the WFNS: Global Overview

Objective To determine the complexity and diversity of the neurosurgery certification and recertification process in member societies of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. Material and Methods A 13-item survey was sent to 88 national and regional societies that are members of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. Variables included in the survey covered a wide range of aspects pertaining to the certification process achieved by cognitive and oral examinations. The data received from 40 responding societies (response rate 45%) were tabulated, and an individual and comparative (global) analysis was performed for all categories, including eligibility and requirements for certification, examination components, use of computer-assisted technology and imaging, performance, validation of foreign degrees, recertification, and maintenance of certification. Results We present here the global analysis, which is comparative of all participating societies. Although there is high variability in the structure of certification programs worldwide, performance in knowledge-based examinations is similar. Recertification and maintenance of certification are still under development in many societies. Conclusion With the onset of globalization, we anticipate that efforts will be made in the future to obtain homogeneity in the structure of certification, recertification, and in criteria for international reciprocity of postgraduate neurosurgical training. Peer-Review Article
Mobilizing and Globalizing with Online Education

Whatever the times, education is an important vehicle to rise above certain of life's inequities. While many countries, including so-called third world nations, have slowly been building their educational systems, Americadespite its policies, programs, and good intenthas paid mere lip service to the realization of its educational goals. Consequently, education in many states in America is witnessing a breakdown.
Myosin binding protein-C slow: a multifaceted family of proteins with a complex expression profile in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles

Myosin Binding Protein-C slow (sMyBP-C) comprises a complex family of proteins expressed in slow and fast type skeletal muscles. Similar to its fast and cardiac counterparts, sMyBP-C functions to modulate the formation of actomyosin cross-bridges, and to organize and stabilize sarcomeric A- and M-bands. The slow form of MyBP-C was originally classified as a single protein, however several variants encoded by the single MYBPC1 gene have been recently identified. Alternative splicing of the 5’ and 3’ ends of the MYBPC1 transcript has led to the differential expression of small unique segments interspersed between common domains. In addition, the NH2-terminus of sMyBP-C undergoes complex phosphorylation. Thus, alternative splicing and phosphorylation appear to regulate the functional activities of sMyBP-C. sMyBP-C proteins are not restricted to slow twitch muscles, but they are abundantly expressed in fast twitch muscles, too. Using bioinformatic tools, we herein perform a systematic comparison of the known human and mouse sMyBP-C variants. In addition, using single fiber westerns and antibodies to a common region of all known sMyBP-C variants, we present a detailed and comprehensive characterization of the expression profile of sMyBP-C proteins in the slow twitch soleus and the fast twitch flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) mouse muscles. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that distinct sMyBP-C variants are co-expressed in the same fiber, and that their expression profile differs among fibers. Given the differential expression of sMyBP-C variants in single fibers, it becomes apparent that each variant or combination thereof may play unique roles in the regulation of actomyosin cross-bridges formation and the stabilization of thick filaments.
Predicting crustacean zooplankton species richness

Data from 66 North American lakes were collected to construct a model for predicting the number of crustacean zooplankton species expected in a lake. The chosen lakes have a range from 4 m* to 80 x lo9 m2 surface area, range from ultra-oligotrophic to hypereutrophic, and have zooplankton species lists based on several years of observation. The number of crustacean zooplankton species in a lake is significantly correlated with lake size, average rate of photosynthesis (parabolic function), and the number of lakes within 20 km. A multiple linear regression model, using these three independent variables, explains -75% of the variation in log species richness. Prediction of species richness was not enhanced by knowledge of lake depth, salinity, elevation, latitude, longitude, or distance to the nearest lake. The North American species-area curve is statistically different from and steeper than the corresponding European curve.
Interaction of the bacteriophage Mu transcriptional activator protein, C, with its target site in the mom promoter.

Abstract The bacteriophage Mu C gene encodes a 16.5 kDa site-specific DNA binding protein that is a transcriptional activator of the four “late” promoters, P mom , P lys , P I and P P . A symmetrical consensus C recognition sequence, TTAT[N 5–6 ]ATAA, containing an inverted tetrad repeat separated by a spacer of five to six G+C-rich nucleotides, has been proposed. To investigate this, we used oligonucleotide mutagenesis to introduce random substitutions within and flanking the proposed C-target region; each variant site was tested for C recognition by an in vivo functional transactivation assay. We observed that all single mutations, in either tetrad, reduced C activation. Although two out of ten substitutions within the spacer reduced activation, the spacer region does not appear to make specific contact with C. We also used in vitro chemical-protection and -interference to study C contacts with P mom . The results indicate that C contacts P mom DNA on only one face of the helix through interactions within two adjacent major grooves; this conclusion was supported by gel shift analyses using synthetic oligonucleotide duplexes containing I·C or other base-pair substitutions. Evidence is also presented that C-P mom contacts are asymmetrical, and that they extend two nucleotides 3′ to the promoter-proximal tetrad. We also show that C binding induces a deformation, possibly a bend, in P mom DNA.
Nuclear Reaction Determination of the Sn 124 -Te 124 Mass Difference

The $Q$ values for the ground state ($d, p$) reactions on ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{124}$ and ${\mathrm{Te}}^{124}$ have been measured and found to be ${Q}_{0}=3.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ Mev and ${Q}_{0}=4.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ Mev, respectively. From these data and the decay energies of ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{125}$ and ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{125}$ the mass difference of ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{124}$---${\mathrm{Te}}^{124}$ is found to be 2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Mev.
Effects of contamination on riblet performance

Thin-element polymeric film riblet surfacing materials previously shown to behave similarly to v-groove riblets in the reduction of aerodynamic drag have been tested to ascertain the effects of groove contamination. Three different levels of contamination were simulated for each of two kinds of contamination. Such contaminants as oil drops and condensates have no significant effect on drag reduction. Atmospheric particulates may, however, degrade riblet performance.
Simultaneous evaluation and selection of strategies for loading and controlling machines and material handling system in FMS

Abstract In this research, two operational-level problems in FMS, machine loading and controlling, are considered simultaneously. Much of the past research has addressed these problems independently. However, overall performance of the system is dependent on both loading and control strategies. Furthermore, most work considers a unique system and thus general conclusions cannot be drawn from the research. This paper focuses on identifying the set of most significant factors which contribute to the performance of the system at the operational level for an FMS. These factors include loading and control strategies as well as system parameters such as buffer sizes and number of pallets. A procedure is developed for the evaluation and selection of operational-level strategies based on overall system performance. The proposed method incorporates an integer programming loading model, discrete-event simulation model at the control level and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The implementation of the procedure is illu...
A Calmly Disruptive Insider: The Case of an Institutionalized Advocacy Organization at Work

Through a case study of a leading service provider organization in Philadelphia, this paper explores the advocacy work of a publicly funded, professionalized, institutionalized nonprofit organization. In this article I relate how in the spring of 2002, staff at the organization responded to a recurring political issue: local business groups were again calling for official action against “aggressive panhandlers” in the downtown district. I use ethnographic and historical data to show that the organization’s institutionalization and ties to the public sector have allowed staff to develop resources and skills for being both contentious claim-makers and influential actors in the institutional political arena.
A modal provability logic of explicit and implicit proofs

Abstract We establish the bi-modal forgetful projection of the Logic of Proofs and Formal Provability GLA . That is to say, we present a normal bi-modal provability logic with modalities □ and ⊠ whose theorems are precisely those formulas for which the implicit provability assertions represented by the ⊠ modality can be realized by explicit proof terms.
A New Species of Coemansia

Coemansia nantahalensis Chien is illustrated and described. It is characterized by relatively short sporangiophores, spirally twisted sporogenous branches, small fusoid-cylindrical sporangiola, and...
Current understanding of the biology of advanced bladder cancer

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is reported to be the fifth most common solid malignancy in the U.S. Although radical cystectomy will cure a substantial number of patients with minimally invasive TCC, many patients with deeply muscle-invasive or extravesical disease who are treated with radical cystectomy alone die of metastatic TCC, as do patients with metastatic disease. The differing clinical course and the limited value of established prognosticators make analysis of new molecular parameters of interest in predicting the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, particularly those in high-risk groups who are at risk of disease progression and recurrence. In the current review, a comprehensive MEDLINE/PubMed search of articles pertaining to the biology of TCC from 1965 to the present was performed, as well as a bibliographic review of cross references. TCC follow the general concept of multistep carcinogenesis and proceed through two distinct genetic pathways responsible for generating different TCC morphologies, namely the inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in low-grade TCC and early p53-mediated abnormalities in high-grade TCC. TCC progression correlates with genetic instability and the accumulation of collaborative genetic lesions mainly involving p53, retinoblastoma, and growth factors. The bulk of these data are derived from cases of localized/locally advanced disease and none are ready yet for routine clinical application; however, the current knowledge has led to the clinical testing of novel biologic observations in several important trials. Understanding of the molecular biology of advanced bladder cancer continues to improve. It is likely that in the new millennium, real breakthroughs in the identification and therapy of high-risk, poor-prognosis patients will come from an integration of molecular modalities in the clinical application. Cancer 2003;97(8 Suppl):2064–75. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11289
Updating Input-Output Tables Using Employment Data: A Reformulation:

In this paper a method is developed for updating input — output tables using employment figures. The technique is an improvement over previous conventional adjustments because of the general availability and quality of employment data. Operating on the Leontief inverse matrix, this reformulation builds upon prior attempts to integrate employment data into the adjustment process. However, this model avoids the need to develop employment multipliers independently by using actual employment totals as the constraints. These constraints are derived in such a manner that row and column constraints each sum to the total regional employment.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated Cl- secretion: activation of cAMP-dependent K+ channels.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates active Cl- secretion by the intestinal epithelium, a process that depends upon the maintenance of a favorable electrical driving force established by a basolateral membrane K+ conductance. To demonstrate the role of this K- conductance, we measured short-circuit current (I(SC)) across monolayers of the human colonic secretory cell line, T84. The serosal application of VIP (50 nM) increased I(SC) from 3 +/- 0.4 microA/cm2 to 75 +/- 11 microA/cm2 (n = 4), which was reduced to a near zero value by serosal applications of Ba2+ (5 mM). The chromanol, 293B (100 microM), reduced I(SC) by 74%, but charybdotoxin (CTX, 50 nM) had no effect. We used the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique to determine whether the K+ conductance is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in isolated cells. VIP (300 nM) activated K+ current (131 +/- 26 pA, n = 15) when membrane potential was held at the Cl- equilibrium potential (E(Cl-) = -2 mV), and activated inward current (179 +/- 28 pA, n = 15) when membrane potential was held at the K+ equilibrium potential (E(K+) = -80 mV); however, when the cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) inhibitor, PKI (100 nM), was added to patch pipettes, VIP failed to stimulate these currents. Barium (Ba2+ , 5 mM), but not 293B, blocked this K+ conductance in single cells. We used the cell-attached membrane patch under conditions that favor K + current flow to demonstrate the channels that underlie this K+ conductance. VIP activated inwardly rectifying channel currents in this configuration. Additionally, we used fura-2AM to show that VIP does not alter the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2 +]i. Caffeine (5 mM), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, also stimulated K+ current (185 +/- 56 pA, n = 8) without altering [Ca2+]i. These results demonstrate that VIP activates a basolateral membrane K+ conductance in T84 cells that is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation.
Level structure of 153Dy and the competition between collective and few-particle excitation modes in Dy Nuclei

Abstract The 153Dy level structure has been studied through the 124Sn(34S, 5n) reaction. The low-spin collective character of 153Dy gives way to single particle yrast configurations at I > 41 2 ; an I= 47 2 isomer at 5591 ke V shows the single particle character (and overall oblate shape) to be well established at that spin. Nuclear shape charges in Dy nuclei are discussed.
The Variation of the Index of Refraction of Water, Ethyl Alcohol, and Carbon Bisulphide, with the Temperature

Index of Refraction of Pure Water for Sodium Light from 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C.---Very few observations had previously been made for temperatures above 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C. A precision spectrometer was used. The brass prism with optical glass windows was gold plated inside to prevent contamination of the pure gas-free water tested, and means were provided for keeping the temperature within 0.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C. Many readings were taken and the average values are probably accurate to within about 0.00002. When reduced to vacuum they are well represented by the empirical formula: $n=1.33401\ensuremath{-}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}(66t+26.2{t}^{2}\ensuremath{-}0.1817{t}^{3}+0.000755{t}^{4})$. The temperature coefficient dn/dt changes from - 8${(10)}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ at 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to - 30${(10)}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ at 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.Index of Refraction of Commercially Pure Ethyl Alcohol and Carbon Bisulphide for Sodium Light from 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} up to the Boiling Points.---While Kahlbaum's ethyl alcohol, 99.8 per cent. absolute, and Baker's C.P. C${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ were used, the absolute values obtained differ somewhat from those given by others for pure samples. Nevertheless the temperature coefficients are probably not affected by the slight amount of impurity present and are of interest because very few results are available for liquids at temperatures above 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C. The results correspond to the empirical equations: $\frac{\mathrm{dn}}{\mathrm{dt}}(\mathrm{ethyl}\mathrm{alcohol},15 \mathrm{to} {70}^{\ensuremath{\circ}})=\ensuremath{-}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}[404+0.44(t\ensuremath{-}15)+0.0075{(t\ensuremath{-}15)}^{2}];\frac{\mathrm{dn}}{\mathrm{dt}}(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{S}}_{2},15 \mathrm{to} {45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}})=\ensuremath{-}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}[766+5.12(t\ensuremath{-}15)\ensuremath{-}0.105{(t\ensuremath{-}15)}^{2}]$.
Three-dimensional numerical models of flat slab subduction and the Denali fault driving deformation in south-central Alaska

Abstract Early theories of plate tectonics assumed plates were rigid with deformation limited to within a few tens of kilometers of the plate boundary. However, observations indicate most continental plates defy such rigid behavior with deformation extending over 1000 kilometers inboard. We construct three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates in Alaska to investigate the relative controls of flat slab subduction, continental scale faulting, and a non-linear rheology on deformation in the overriding plate. The models incorporate a realistic slab shape based on seismicity and seismic tomography and a variable thermal structure for both the subducting and overriding plates based on geologic and geophysical observables. The inclusion of the Denali fault in the models allows for the portion of south-central Alaska between the Denali fault and the trench to partially decouple from the rest of North America, forming an independently moving region that correlates to what has been described from geologic and geodetic studies as the Wrangell block. The motion of the Wrangell block tracks the motion of the flat slab in the subsurface indicating the subducting plate is driving the motion of the Wrangell block. Models using a composite (Newtonian and non-Newtonian) viscosity predict compressional motion along the northern bend in the Denali fault, consistent with thermochronologic data that show significant late Neogene exhumation in the central Alaska Range, including at Mt. McKinley, the tallest mountain in North America. These 3D numerical models of the Pacific–North American margin in Alaska show the subducting slab is the main driver of overriding plate deformation in south-central Alaska and combined with the Denali fault can reproduce several first order tectonic features of the region including the motion of the Wrangell block, uplift in the central Alaska Range, subsidence in the Cook Inlet-Susitna Basins, and upwelling at the slab edge beneath the Wrangell volcanics.
An electron microscopic study of the etiology of hybrid sterility in Drosophila paulistorum. I. Mycoplasma-like inclusions in the testes of sterile males.

Crosses between the semispecies of the Drosophila paulistorum complex produce fertile female but sterile male hybrids. An hypothesis is put forward that the hybrid sterility is in this case a result of discordance between a cytoplasmic symbiont and the genotype of the host. An ultrastructural analysis has been made of the testes of sterile male hybrids between the Andean and the Amazonian, and also other semispecies. Spermatid bundles undergo degenerative changes resulting in the loss of the axial filament complex and of associated mitochondrial derivatives. Numerous single or multiply clustered elements closely resembling Mycoplasma are observed in association with the degenerating spermatid bundles. Similar inclusions are observed also intruding into the wall of the distal parts of the testes and/or vasa deferentia. Some Mycoplasma-like bodies are observed also within the developing spermatids. These organs may be crowded with degenerating bundles and clusters of the Mycoplasma-like bodies. Each body is enclosed in a membrane, and may show a central reticular network and peripheral ribosome-like granules. The testes of the fertile males of the parental stocks reveal the presence of similar Mycoplasma-like inclusions, but not in such profusion.
Functional Consequences of GPCR Heterodimerization: GPCRs as Allosteric Modulators

G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome, are the targets of approximately 25% of all marketed pharmaceuticals, and the focus of intensive research worldwide given that this superfamily of receptors is as varied in function as it is ubiquitously expressed among all cell types. Increasing evidence has shown that the classical two part model of GPCR signaling (one GPCR, one type of heterotrimeric G protein) is grossly oversimplified as many GPCRs can couple to more than one type of G protein, each subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein can activate different downstream effectors, and, surprisingly, other GPCRs can affect receptor behavior in G protein-independent ways. The concept of GPCR heterodimerization, or the physical association of two different types of GPCRs, presents an unexpected mechanism for GPCR regulation and function, and provides a novel target for pharmaceuticals. Here we present a synopsis of the functional consequences of GPCR heterodimerization in both in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on the concept of GPCRs as allosteric modulators. Typically, an allosteric modulator is a ligand or molecule that alters a receptor's innate functional properties, but here we propose that in the case of GPCR heterodimers, it is the physical coupling of two receptors that leads to changes in cognate receptor signaling.