cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impairment in performance with delayed auditory feedback as related to task characteristics

Summary It was suggested that feedback information for monitoring speech should be more important the tighter the intra- or inter-segment dependencies in a speech task, and thus the more automatized the task. Hence the impairing effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) should be greater the tighter such dependencies. In order to test this suggestion two experiments were conducted. In Experiment I the Stroop color-word interference test was used, and it was found that DAF impaired performance on a difficult and novel task (naming tints against color names) significantly less than on an easy overlearned task (reading color names), whereas external interference in a control group—hearing someone else's voice—had no differential effect on the two tasks. In Experiment II, which required the reading of numbers arranged in sequence and at random, it was found that DAF impaired performance significantly more on the first task where there was a high degree of inter-item dependency than on the second task where there were no inter-item dependencies. Thus in each experiment performance on the more automatized of the two tasks suffered more under DAF.
Static and dynamic oxidation of Pt-clad Mo47Re alloy

Molybdenum-based alloys have the potential for meeting the materials requirements of many applications requiring strength values as high as 140 MPa at temperatures as high as 1,300 C. The addition of Re to Mo provides greater ductility and a lower ductile-to-brittle transition temperature than for unalloyed Mo. The alloy Mo-47Re (wt %) is one alloy from the Mo-Re system that is a candidate for use in hydrogen-fueled engines of hypersonic vehicles. Potential applications for the alloy in engines include heat exchanger tubes at temperatures up to 1,260 C and combustion chamber linings at temperatures to 1,370 C and hydrogen pressures to 175 ATM. The projected service life at peak temperature in such an application is about 12 h. Because of the reactivity of molybdenum and rhenium with oxygen in air at high temperatures, some means of protecting the alloy must be devised. One approach to protecting the alloy is to clad it with a non-reactive impermeable barrier layer. Platinum is proposed as a candidate for use as a cladding because of its high melting point (1,790 C) and chemical stability at high temperature. This paper presents results from a study of the oxidation performance of Pt-clad Mo-47Re. Pt-clad samples weremore » tested under static and dynamic oxidation conditions at 1,260 C. A single unclad sample was tested under dynamic oxidation conditions at 595 C. The static oxidation tests were conducted in an ambient pressure furnace with laboratory air. The dynamic oxidation tests were conducted in an electric arc-heated wind tunnel. Weight change, metallography, and microscopy results are presented to show the effects of oxidation on the alloy and interaction between the cladding and the alloy.« less
Interaction of Novel Anticancer Drug Erastin with Lipid Bilayers Probed by Gramicidin A

The novel anticancer agent erastin selectively targets tumor cells bearing oncogenic RAS. It is suggested that erastin induces cell death in human tumor cells through oxidative, non-apoptotic pathways by affecting the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and changing the permeability of the mitochondria outer membrane (Yagoda et al., 2007). Motivated by our findings on VDAC modulation by membrane lipids (ROStovtseva et al., 2006), we studied interactions of erastin and its physiologically inactive analog, A8, with planar lipid bilayers of different lipid composition. We used gramicidin A (gA) channel as a sensitive probe of membrane mechanical properties (Andersen, Koeppe, 2007). We found that erastin in micromolar range did not affect ion conductance of gA channel, but substantially increased the life-time of these channels. In contrast, addition of A8 produced a decrease in the channel life-time with a slight increase in its conductance. Thus, the two low-molecular-weight compounds whose structures are different by only one chlorophenoxy-group, have opposite effects on membrane mechanics, as monitored by the gA channel. These results may offer a new insight into the mechanism(s) of erastin physiological action. In addition, they may shed light on the inhibition of the VDAC-tubulin interaction by this agent (Maldonado et al., 2011). We have found that dimeric tubulin also modifies lipid bilayer properties as observed by changes in gA lifetime and conductance, and that these effects strongly depend on the membrane lipid composition. In contrast to the action of erastin that was similar in DOPC and DOPE/DOPC membranes, tubulin increased gA channel lifetime in DOPE but not in DOPC bilayers. Moreover, tubulin reduced the sensitivity of gA lifetime to erastin, thus suggesting that the inhibitory effect of erastin on VDAC-tubulin interaction is mediated through alterations in lipid bilayer mechanics.
The Differential Effect of Hospital-Based Provider Encouragement to Breastfeed among White, Hispanic and African American Mothers: Evidence from the Commonwealth Survey of Parents with Young Children

The Differential Effect of Hospital-Based Provider Encouragement to Breastfeed among White, Hispanic and African American Mothers: Evidence from the Commonwealth Survey of Parents with Young Children
Anomalous missing-pT events at the CERN pp̄ collider: The standard model re-examined☆

Abstract We systematically investigate the uncertainties in computing the production of W±, Z with large transverse momentum in pp interactions. We argue that the rates for “anomalous” lepton-pT-jet event can be consistent with the standard model prediction for the process p p → W ( → l v)+ gluons . As a result we also predict enhanced “monojet” cross sections from p p → Z ( → v v )+ gluons , although the overall rate is still somewhat low. This discrepancy would be remedied if there exist more than three light neutrinos, as is predicted by some family-unifying theories.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PPVU1, THE AUTONOMOUS PLASMID FROM PROTEUS VULGARIS THAT CARRIES THE GENES OF THE PVUII RESTRICTION-MODIFICATION SYSTEM

Abstract Plasmid p Pvu 1 from Proteus vulgaris carries the genes of the Pvu II restriction-modification system [Blumenthal et al., J. Bacteriol. 164 (1985) 501–509]. This report focuses on physical and functional features of the 4.84-kb plasmid, which shows a composite genetic architecture. Plasmid p Pvu 1 has a replication origin and an incompatibility locus that each function in Escherichia coli , and an apparent cer recombination site. The replication origin includes a possible RNA I gene, and the incompatibility locus closely resembles a rom gene. These loci show substantial sequence similarity to corresponding loci from the E. coli plasmids P15A, ColEI and pSC101, and closely flank the Pvu II genes. The close association between a recombinational locus and the Pvu II genes has implications for their mobility.
Ohio State University at the 2004 DARPA Grand Challenge: developing a completely autonomous vehicle

The DARPA Grand Challenge is a field test designed to accelerate R&D in autonomous ground vehicles that save lives on the future battlefield. At Ohio State University, we have extensive experience in developing autonomous ground vehicles. Our goal was to create a completely autonomous vehicle that could negotiate most of the GC 04 route and perhaps even finish the race. To achieve our goal, we needed to conquer three main technical challenges. The first was to install drive-by-wire technology in the vehicle and to modify the vehicle to fulfill DARPA safety requirements. The second challenge was to provide sensing and information fusion algorithms. The third challenge was control.
INCREASED CALCIUM APPETITE OF PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS

It was shown in a previous paper that the increased salt need of adrenalectomized rats is associated with a definitely increased appetite for salt, and that by means of this increased appetite such rats keep themselves alive and free from symptoms of adrenal insufficiency (1). With this fact as a basis it becomes of interest to know whether appetite is generally a guide to the needs created by glandular deficiencies. Inasmuch as the calcium need of parathyroidectomized rates is well established (2), a study was made of the level of calcium appetite in these animals before and after removal of the parathyroid glands. METHODS Eighteen rats were used in these experiments varying in age from 44 to 84 days at the time of parathyroidectomy. They were kept in individual cages containing a food-cup and 2 inverted graduated bottles, one filled with tap water, the other with a 2.4 per cent calcium lactate solution. It was desirable to give the animals a diet as free of calcium as possible, so that their calcium int...
EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC STRESS AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON ION DISTRIBUTION IN BULLFROGS.

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of frogs ( Rana catesbeiana ) has a greater sodium concentration than blood serum. Urine sodium levels of frogs in tap water are extremely low. Adenohypophysectomized frogs in tap water maintained the sodium concentration of blood and CSF close to unoperated levels. There was no increase in urine sodium following hypophysectomy. Exposure to 150 m M NaCl produced a substantial increase in the sodium concentrations of blood, CSF, and urine of both unoperated and adenohypophysectomized frogs. The blood and CSF sodium levels of the latter group, however, increased less than those of unoperated animals, whose blood and CSF sodium concentrations increased to approximately that of the environment. The urine sodium level of the hypophysectomized frogs was also less than that of unoperated frogs. The results with R. catesbeiana are discussed in relation to ionic regulation in anurans.
Phase correction for frequency response function measurements

Abstract In modal testing, an impulse is often used to excite the structure and a linear transducer is used to measure the response. For these impact tests, two signals are measured: the impulsive force and the vibration response. Any lack of synchronization in the time domain acquisition of the two signals results in a frequency-dependent phase error in the frequency response function, or FRF. However, knowledge of the time delay may be used to correct the corresponding phase error. In this research, tests were conducted to measure the frequency-dependent phase error for a capacitive sensor and a frequency domain technique is proposed to correct the FRF. The method was validated using an FRF measurement of a cylindrical artifact mounted in a milling machine spindle.
Stability of density stratified rotating flows.

Stability of nondissipative stratified rotating flows with constant density to axisymmetric disturbances
Private benefits from block ownership and discounts on closed-end funds

The greater the managerial stock ownership in closed-end funds, the larger are the discounts to net asset value. The average discount for funds with blockholders is 14%, whereas the average discount for funds without blockholders is only 4%. This relation is robust over time and to various model specifications that control for other factors that affect discounts. We argue that blockholders receive private benefits that do not accrue to other shareholders and that they veto open-ending proposals to preserve these benefits. We support this argument by documenting a range of potential private benefits received by blockholders in closed-end funds.
Failure by the Processes of Nucleation and Growth

Failure of products due to the combined processes of nucleation and growth of deleterious phases is discussed and categorized. Reliability predictions are made for both catastrophic and progressive failure. The technique is very general and relates the thermodynamic and kinetic data of the failure mechanism to product lifetime. Measurements of nucleation and growth rates might result in savings of product test-time and money.
Battling fire and ice: remote guidance ultrasound to diagnose injury on the International Space Station and the ice rink.

Abstract Background National Aeronautical and Space and Administration (NASA) researchers have optimized training methods that allow minimally trained, non-physician operators to obtain diagnostic ultrasound (US) images for medical diagnosis including musculoskeletal injury. We hypothesize that these techniques could be expanded to non-expert operators including National Hockey League (NHL) and Olympic athletic trainers to diagnose musculoskeletal injuries in athletes. Methods NHL and Olympic athletic trainers received a brief course on musculoskeletal US. Remote guidance musculoskeletal examinations were conducted by athletic trainers, consisting of hockey groin hernia, knee, ankle, elbow, or shoulder evaluations. US images were transmitted to remote experts for interpretation. Results Groin, knee, ankle, elbow, or shoulder images were obtained on 32 athletes; all real-time US video stream and still capture images were considered adequate for diagnostic interpretation. Conclusions This experience suggests that US can be expanded for use in locations without a high level of on-site expertise. A non-physician with minimal training can perform complex, diagnostic-quality examinations when directed by a remote-based expert.
Patient Preference as a Barrier to Needed Care

The author reflects on how patient preferences can be a barrier to necessary medical procedures and the role medical personnel can play in shaping preferences. He comments on the role patient preference plays in patient-centered care and suggests patient preferences aren't always attributable to respected cultural, ethnic, or religious traditions, and may not be due to risk aversion of a lack of trust. He talks about how educational and knowledge-building interventions can alter patient views.
Studies on fluorescein-V The absorbance of fluorescein in the ultraviolet, as a function of pH.

Abstract The ultraviolet absorption spectum of an aqueous solution of highly-purified yellow fluorescein at ionic strength 0.10 has been measured at various pH values in the range from 0.15 to 8.70. The maxima at 227, 249 and 295 nm change little with pH, but the maximum found at 437 nm in acid medium changes greatly in absorbance and position on addition of alkali, resolving first into two maxima, at 455 and 475 nm, and finally becoming a single large maximum (at pH ⩾ 8) at 490 nm. A unique feature of the absorption at 437 nm is that all four prototropic forms of fluorescein, H 3 Fl + , H 2 Fl, HFl − and Fl 2− , absorb at this wavelength. The total absorbance at this wavelength first falls rapidly as the pH rises from 0.15, reaching a minimum at pH 3.63, then increases to a maximum at pH 5.3, and finally falls to steady value at pH > 8.0. The absorbance as a function of pH is defined by seven constants: three dissociation constants ( K H 3 Fl = 6.61 × 10 −3 , K H 2 Fl = 3.98 × 10 −5 , K HFl = 4.36 × 10 −10 ) and four molar absorptivities (ϵ H 3 Fl = 4.94 × 10 −4 , ϵ H 2 Fl = 1.20 5 × 10 4 , ϵ HFl = 2.16 × 10 4 and ϵ Fl = 7.61 × 10 3 1.mole −1 .cm −1 ). Solutions of yellow fluorescein in water undergo rapid deterioration on exposure to daylight or fluorescent lighting but are stable in the dark.
Vitreal pharmacokinetics of biotinylated ganciclovir: role of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter expressed on retina.

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sodium-dependent multiple vitamin transporter (SMVT) on Biotin-Ganciclovir (biotin-GCV) uptake on both human retinal pigmented epithelium cell line (ARPE-19) and rabbit retina. Study also aims to delineate the vitreal pharmacokinetics of biotin-GCV. Method: ARPE-19 was employed to study the in vitro uptake experiments. New Zealand white albino rabbits were used to study in vivo retinal uptake and vitreal pharmacokinetics following intravitreal administration of biotin-GCV. In vitro uptake kinetics of [3H] biotin was determined at various initial concentrations. Competitive inhibition studies were conducted in the presence of unlabelled biotin, desthiobiotin, pantothenic acid, and lipoic acid. Various other uptake studies were performed to functionally characterize the transporter. To provide the molecular evidence of this transporter, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) studies were also conducted. In vivo re...
Effect of nanoimprinted surface relief on Si and Ge nucleation and ordering

Surface relief formed by nanoimprinting and etching into a thermally grown SiO"2 layer on Si was used to position the initial nuclei formed by chemically vapor deposited Si and Ge. By controlling the deposition conditions, the surface diffusion length was adjusted to be comparable to or larger than the spacing between features, thus favoring nucleation adjacent to steps, rather than random nucleation. Random nucleation was further suppressed by a two-stage deposition process. Ge nucleation on oxide by chemical vapor deposition was enhanced by coating the oxide surface with an organic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and by the nanoimprinted surface relief. The nanoimprinted surface relief also provides long-range order in the SAM.
Attitudes and Expectations Regarding Exercise in the Hospital of Hospitalized Older Adults: A Qualitative Study

OBJECTIVES: To describe expectations of, and perceived motivators and barriers to, in-hospital exercise of hospitalized older adults. DESIGN: Qualitative study using the framework theory. SETTING: Public hospital general medical wards. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight English- or Spanish-speaking inpatients aged 65 to 103. MEASUREMENTS: Semistructured interviews were conducted at the bedside. Questions explored attitudes and expectations regarding in-hospital exercise. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed, and content analysis was performed to identify major themes. RESULTS: For most participants (71%), exercise in the hospital meant walking. Only 29% of participants expected to be exercising in the hospital, although threequarters perceived it to be appropriate. Major themes included motivating factors and barriers to in-hospital exercise. Motivating factors included avoiding the negative effects of prolonged bed rest, promoting a sense of wellbeing, promoting functional recovery, and being asked to exercise. Barriers included symptoms related to one’s illness, institutional barriers, and fear of injury. Most respondents (85%) felt that if the physician suggested exercise, it would influence their decision to do so, yet few (27%) reported that they had spoken to their physician about exercise. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized older adults have positive perceptions about in-hospital exercise, although they must overcome significant barriers to do so. Medical professionals have a strong influence over the exercise behavior of elderly adults in the hospital yet infrequently address the issue. Incorporating motivating factors and removing barriers may increase the effectiveness of in-hospital exercise programs. J Am Geriatr Soc 60:713–718, 2012.
Determinants of Remittances to Mexico From Mexican-Born Immigrants in Chicago

Using a 2005 multi-stage probabilistic sample of 510 Mexican-born immigrants from Cook County, Illinois, which includes the City of Chicago, two logistic regression models are estimated to test the relevance of the New Economics of Labor Migration on the likelihood to remit money to Mexico. The findings indicate that life cycle variables such as being married or being a female immigrant decrease the likelihood to remit, while having dependent children in Mexico increases the probability of sending money to Mexico. Furthermore, being a U.S. citizen also lowers the likelihood of remitting to Mexico relative to other types of immigrants, but preference for Mexico's lifestyle over Chicago's increases the likelihood to remit. Other variables, such as the immigrant's educational achievement in Mexico or the United States, English proficiency, weekly income, work status, number of trips to Mexico in the past year, voting in Mexico or the United States, or being affiliated to a Protestant church, do not affect th...
Autoradiographic localization of binding sites for 2-[125I]iodomelatonin in the pars tuberalis of the western spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons).

Abstract Pineal melatonin secretion mediates photoperiodic regulation of implantation of blastocysts in the female western spotted skunk. Autoradiography studies demonstrated that high affinity 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites are present in the pars tuberalis but not in any other hypophyseal region or in the hypothalamus or thalamus of this pieces. This restricted localization of 2-[125I]iodemelatonin binding, which was characteristic of spotted skunks sacrificed at various times during their annual reproductive cycles, suggests that the pars tuberalis mediates photoperiodic responses in this species.
Measuring Electric Fields from Surface Contaminants with Neutral Atoms

In this paper we demonstrate a technique of utilizing magnetically trapped neutral $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms to measure the magnitude and direction of stray electric fields emanating from surface contaminants. We apply an alternating external electric field that adds to (or subtracts from) the stray field in such a way as to resonantly drive the trapped atoms into a mechanical dipole oscillation. The growth rate of the oscillation's amplitude provides information about the magnitude and sign of the stray field gradient. Using this measurement technique, we are able to reconstruct the vector electric field produced by surface contaminants. In addition, we can accurately measure the electric fields generated from adsorbed atoms purposely placed onto the surface and account for their systematic effects, which can plague a precision surface-force measurement. We show that baking the substrate can reduce the electric fields emanating from adsorbate and that the mechanism for reduction is likely surface diffusion, not desorption.
Local and global norm comparison theorems for solutions to the nonhomogeneous A-harmonic equation

Abstract We establish local and global norm inequalities for solutions of the nonhomogeneous A-harmonic equation A ( x , g + d u ) = h + d ⋆ v for differential forms. As applications of these inequalities, we prove the Sobolev–Poincare type imbedding theorems and obtain L p -estimates for the gradient operator ∇ and the homotopy operator T from the Banach space L s ( D , Λ l ) to the Sobolev space W 1 , s ( D , Λ l − 1 ) , l = 1 , 2 , … , n . These results can be used to study both qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of the A-harmonic equations and the related differential systems.
A risk-identification tool for managers planning expert system applications

Abstract Expert System (ES) technology is gaining acceptance in organizations. Many managers, however, have little understanding of or experience with this technology, leading to uncertainty in choosing a good expert system application. A manager's primary concern in such situations is identifying and limiting risk factors. This paper describes a tool the authors developed to assist managers in identifying major risk factors associated with ES applications. The Risk Identification Tool for Expert Systems (RITES) also aids managers in devising strategies for controlling the risk. We discuss results of a pilot study of the RITES tool and compare it with other evaluation tools described in the literature. Finally, we discuss plans for future comprehensive studies using RITES.
Focal Inflammation of the Corpus Cavernosum in a Diabetic Man Due to Acute Occlusion of the Cavernous Artery

Inflammation of the penile corpus cavernosum is an unusual condition most often associated with an infectious process. We report on a diabetic man with localized inflammation of the corpus cavernosum resulting from acute occlusion of the cavernous artery. Diagnosis was made by exclusion and ultimately confirmed by penile angiography. Conservative measures led to resolution of this process.
New Insights into the Function of IAP Proteins: Modulation of the MYC/MAX/MAD Network

A growing number of studies have revealed that the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins play a variety of cellular roles in addition to suppression of apoptosis. A recent study in Molecular Cell demonstrates that one IAP member, c-IAP1, functions to potentiate the activity of Myc by triggering the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the Myc inhibitory protein Mad1.
Old Issues in a New Jacket: Power and Validation in the Context of Mixture Modeling

Von Davier et al. describe two analyses that aim at determining whether the constructs measured with a number of observed items are categorical or continuous in nature. The issue of types vs. traits has a long history, and is relevant in many areas of behavioral research, including personality research as emphasized by von Davier et al. Types can be investigated using latent class models, whereas traits are modeled with latent trait or factor models. As described in von Davier et al., general modeling frameworks have been proposed that permit a comparison of these models based on fit indices. Ideally then, the decision concerning types vs. traits can be facilitated by the results of such a comparison. The analyses presented by von Davier et al. nicely illustrate the difficulties encountered when analyzing empirical data. Two basic issues in mixture modeling, namely the power to discriminate between alternative models, and the need to validate results deserve more emphasis.
Calculation of the depletion of airborne pollutant plumes through dry deposition processes

Abstract The depletion of airborne pollutant plumes resulting from dry deposition on ground surfaces should be taken into account when estimating pollutant concentrations in air at distances downwind from their sources. This can be done by using a reduced release rate instead of the actual release rate for the pollutant in atmospheric dispersion equations. The reduced release rate is the actual rate of release multiplied by a depletion fraction. Depletion fractions for use with the Gaussian atmospheric dispersion equation of Pasquill and Gifford were calculated by numerical integration for downwind distances ranging from 35 to 90 000 m for release heights from 1 to 400 m, and they are tabulated for convenient interpolation for intermediate values of distance and release height. Pasquill atmospheric stability categories A-G are included. The listed values are for a deposition velocity of 0.01 m/s and a wind speed of 1 m/s but can be easily converted to apply to other deposition velocities and wind speeds. The tabulated values may be applied for downwind distances close enough to the point of release that the Gaussian model may be assumed to be realistic and where the vertical dispersion of the plume has not yet been significantly affected by the overlying atmospheric lid.
Impaired antigen receptor induced calcium mobilization in a phospholipase C-γ1 deficient B cell line

B lymphocytes express phospholipase C-gamma(1) (PLC-gamma(1)) and phospholipase C-gamma(2) (PLC-gamma(2)) isozymes. However, the relative importance of these two isozymes in B cell signaling is not known. We report here the identification and analysis of a B cell line deficient in PLC-gamma(1). Mature splenic B lymphocytes and a panel of cell lines representing pre-B, immature and mature B cell stages expressed phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), but not the beta or delta isoforms of phospholipase C (PLC). While all the tested B cell lines and primary splenic B cells expressed PLC-gamma(1) and PLC-gamma(2) isozymes, the L1.2 B cell line exclusively expressed PLC-gamma(2), but not PLC-gamma(1) isozyme. The PLC-gamma(1) deficient L1.2 B cells expressed levels of surface IgM comparable to that of PLC-gamma(1) positive 70Z/3 B cell line. However, stimulation through the antigen receptor induced Ca(++) response in 70Z/3, but not L1.2 B cells, suggesting a requirement for PLC-gamma(1) in antigen receptor induced Ca(++) signaling in these cells. The possible use for L1.2 cells in testing the regulation of PLC-gamma(1) and PLC-gamma(2) dependent calcium mobilization in B lymphocytes is discussed.
A model system for the biochemical study of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor synthesis

Abstract A model system for the biochemical study of LH/CG receptor synthesis has been developed. Culture conditions for porcine granulosa cells were adapted that maximized the selective induction of LH/CG receptors by cAMP-inducing stimuli with an elimination of background LH/CG receptor appearance. It was found that the addition of FSH (1.5 μg/ml) or cholera toxin (10 ng/ml) 1 day after plating resulted in optimal induction of the LH/CG receptor (20–60 pg [125I]CG bound/μg DNA 72 h after addition) with virtually no LH/CG receptor appearance in the absence of added stimuli. Later additions of FSH or cholera toxin required insulin (1.0 μg/ml) which alone caused background LH/CG receptor appearance in the absence of any additional stimuli. Furthermore, insulin increased the general rate of cellular protein synthesis, whereas FSH or cholera toxin each decreased it. Thus, the use of FSH or cholera toxin, without insulin, may enable one to detect the synthesis of the LH/CG receptor by metabolic labeling techniques where background protein synthesis has been lowered.
INDIRECT ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR VEGETABLE CANNING

Energy embedded in materials employed for vegetable canning was studied. The materials studied were vegetables, packaging materials, water treatment chemicals, and processing equipment. Data on energy use for vegetables, packaging, and water treatment chemicals were dorived from published sources. For process equipment a new method, based on data of the Bureau of the Census, was devised. It is more specific and reflects recent energy use data. Its results compare favorably with those of Herendeen. For the one cannery's inventory of the various materials, the indirect energy (k cal) inputs per case of 1-lb cans (24/303) were: 8,157; 36,466; 641; and 207, for vegetables, packaging materials, water treatment chemicals, and processing machinery, respectively. Earlier, the direct energy use in the cannery was determined to be 17,589 k cal per case of 1-lb cans.
Survey of operating experience to identify structural degradation of nuclear power plant components

Abstract An assessment was performed by the Nuclear Operations Analysis Center (NOAC) staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory of the information available from operation of United States nuclear power plants in their Licensee Event Reports (LERs) which is pertinent to identifying failures due to age-related degradation. LERs from commercial power plants submitted from 1969 to 1982 were surveyed, yielding 3098 events that were considered to be age-related failures. Wear, corrosion, fatigue, vibration, stress corrosion, and erosion were identified as the structural failure cause mechanisms in over half of the events. The study contains data on failed components, the age-related failure mechanisms responsible, the severity of the failures, and the failure detection methods of failures from possible age-related causes.
Intermediates in reactions of copper(I) complexes with N-oxides: from the formation of stable adducts to oxo transfer.

Reactions of copper(I) complexes of bidentate N-donor supporting ligands with pyridine- and trimethylamine-N-oxides or PhIO were explored. Key results include the identification of novel copper(I) N-oxide adducts, aryl substituent hydroxylation, and bis(μ-oxo)dicopper complex formation via a route involving oxo transfer.
On-Chip Ultra-Thin Layer Chromatography and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

We demonstrate that silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrates can be used for on-chip separation and detection of chemical mixtures by combining ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The UTLC-SERS plate consists of an AgNR array fabricated by oblique angle deposition. The capability of the AgNR substrates to separate the different compounds in a mixture was explored using a mixture of four dyes and a mixture of melamine and Rhodamine 6G at varied concentrations with different mobile phase solvents. After UTLC separation, spatially-resolved SERS spectra were collected along the mobile phase development direction and the intensities of specific SERS peaks from each component were used to generate chromatograms. The AgNR substrates demonstrate the potential for separating the test dyes with plate heights as low as 9.6 μm. The limits of detection are between 10−5–10−6 M. Furthermore, we show that the coupling of UTLC with SERS improves the SERS detection specificity, as small amounts of target analytes can be separated from the interfering background components.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the small intestine.

With the exception of cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis, the involvement of the small intestines by metastatic lesions arising from primary adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum is rare. A review of the literature is provided and one additional case report is presented.
Training ground: the role of interim library director

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the challenges presented by interim leadership in academic libraries.Design/methodology/approach – The author reviews the literature in this field, and offers his own suggestions for succeeding in an interim capacity.Findings – This paper brings to light the dearth of literature written on this common occurrence.Originality/value – This paper offers suggestions to those who are serving in an interim leadership role.
Synchronous Urethral Stricture Reconstruction via 1-Stage Ascending Approach: Rationale and Results

Purpose: We present our experience with the reconstruction of synchronous urethral strictures.Materials and Methods: Of 482 anterior urethroplasties performed by a single surgeon between 1997 and 2008 we identified and reviewed 30 patients who underwent reconstruction for multiple separate strictures. An ascending approach from distal to proximal was used and all repairs were completed at 1 stage. A total of 13 combinations of techniques were used to complete the repairs. A 2-phase technique was used in which the patient remained supine during buccal mucosa harvest and repair of strictures distal to the penoscrotal junction, and was then repositioned into the high lithotomy position as needed for stricture repair in the bulbar urethra. In each case normal intervening urethra was preserved intact. The number, length and location of strictures, operative time and patient outcomes were evaluated.Results: No position related complications occurred during or after surgery despite a mean operative time of 4.5 h...
The ESR spectrum and structure of the dimer radical cation of dimethyl selenide (Me2Se-SeMe+2) in a γ-irradiated single crystal

Abstract The dimer radical cation of dimethyl selenide has been identified in a γ-irradiated single crystal of the parent compound, its main (evenSe) ESR spectrum showing hyperfine coupling to twelve equivalent hydrogens. Also, the relative intensity of the naturally abundant77Se satellite spectrum is in agreement with a hyperfine interaction involving two anisotropically equivalent selenium atoms. The principal values and direction cosines of the77Se hyperfine andg tensors have been determined and are shown to be satisfactorily interpreted in terms of a centrosymmetric structure, the unpaired electron occupying an antibonding (σ*) orbital built almost entirely from the pσ orbitals of the two selenium atoms. Analysis of theg tensor components indicates that the CSeC planes are perpendicular to the direction of the Se-Se bond. It is also shown that the isotropic1H splitting andg factor obtained previously from solution ESR studies of the dimethyl sulphide dimer cation are consistent with the structure advanced here for the selenium dimer. The results seem to rule out the possibility of any significant d orbital participation in the bonding.
Control of beam halo formation through nonlinear damping and collimation

This paper demonstrates that transverse beam halos can be controlled by combining nonlinear focusing and collimation. The study relies on one-dimensional, constant focusing particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and a particle-core model. Beams with linear and nonlinear focusing are studied. Calculations with linear focusing confirm previous findings that the extent and density of the halo depend strongly upon the initial mismatch of the beam. Calculations with nonlinear focusing are used to study damping in the beam oscillations caused by the mismatch. Although the nonlinear force damps the beam oscillations, it is accompanied by emittance growth. This process is very rapid and happens within the first 2--3 envelope oscillations. After this, when the halo is collimated using a system of four collimators, further evolution of the beam shows that the halo is not regenerated. The elimination of the beam halo could allow either a smaller physical aperture for the transport system or it could allow a beam of higher current in a system with the same physical aperture. This advantage compensates for the loss of particles due to collimation.
Detrimental effects of Ulva lactuca (L.) exudates and low oxygen on estuarine crab larvae

Abstract Conventional theory postulates that associations between marine macrophytes and animals are generally positive. This paper presents evidence, however, that a common species of green macroalga, Ulva lactuca (L.), is detrimental to estuarine invertebrates due to the production of toxic exudates and low oxygen tensions which occur in the seaweed beds at night. Bioassays of the responses of zoeae of five species of estuarine crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, Carcinus maenas L., Eurypanopeus depressus Smith, Neopanope texana savi Smith and Rhithropanopeus harissii Gould), using water in which Ulva lactuca was cultured for 24 h, produced 100% mortality after 22 days. No crabs survived the molt into megalopa. Hypoxic water, 0.5 ± 0.3 ppm oxygen, caused a decline in larval activity (movement), but there was no mortality over an 8-h period, Ulva-water purged to 0.4 ± 0.1 ppm oxygen caused 100% mortality in 13–40 min. These synergistic effects could be critical in estuaries where dense U. lactuca beds cause periods of low dissolved oxygen. We hypothesize larval recruitment may be limited in such systems, particularly in areas where flushing is poor.
A tale of two templates: Automatically resolving double traces has many applications, including efficient PCR-based elucidation of alternative splices

Trace Recalling is a novel method for deconvoluting double traces that result from simultaneously sequencing two DNA templates. Trace Recalling identifies up to two bases at each position of such a trace. The resulting ambiguity sequence is aligned to the genome, identifying one template sequence. A second template sequence is then inferred from this alignment. This technique makes possible many exciting biological applications. Here we present two such applications, alternate splice finding and elucidation of multiple insertion sites in a random insertional mutagenesis library. Our results demonstrate that RT–PCR followed by Trace Recalling is a more efficient and cost effective way to find alternate splices than traditional methods. We also present a method for mapping double-insertion events in a random insertional-mutagenesis library.
The stages of change questionnaire as a predictor of trauma patients most likely to decrease alcohol use.

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that negative trauma-related consequences of drinking can predict readiness to change drinking behavior. These findings are confined to patients with positive blood alcohol levels at admission. The current study extends such findings by examining whether stage of readiness to change among all adult trauma activations admitted to the emergency department for 24 hours or more can be used to predict a change in behavior at followup. STUDY DESIGN: Patients 18 years of age or older admitted to a Level II trauma center between December 1, 2001, and January 31, 2003, with a trauma activation were eligible to participate. Enrolled patients were screened for alcohol use and readiness to change with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Short Form Stages of Change (SFSC), respectively, within 2 days of discharge. Blood alcohol level (BAL) was obtained for all study patients. Six to 18 months after discharge, patients were followed up with the AUDIT. The ability of the SFSC to predict change in alcohol behavior at followup was analyzed by multiple regression. RESULTS: Of 253 eligible patients, 146 patients were enrolled and had BAL taken. Most were men (64%) and 36% were women. Mean positive BAL (n = 57) was 186 mg/dL (range 10 to 537 mg/dL). Of these, 23% (13 of 57) met AUDIT criteria for harmful drinking and 47% (27 of 57) met criteria for dependent drinking. Even among those with undetectable BAL (n = 89), harmful or dependent drinking was identified by the AUDIT for 11% (10 of 89). A readiness to change was common among those reporting harmful or dependent drinking (26%) at baseline. The SFSC independently and significantly predicted change in drinking behavior among the 72 patients with followup (p = 0.05). Patients indicating greater readiness to change at baseline were those more likely to decrease their consumption pattern at followup. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that administering the brief SFSC questionnaire to all trauma patients and providing assistance to those demonstrating a willingness to change may prove to be an effective strategy for reducing problem alcohol use.
Antinociceptive effects of the marine snail peptides conantokin-G and conotoxin MVIIA alone and in combination in rat models of pain

There are a number of neurologically active ion channel blocking peptides derived from cone snail venom, such as conantokin-G and omega-conotoxin MVIIA. Conantokin-G inhibits NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit whereas omega-conotoxin MVIIA blocks N-type Ca(2+) channels. Separately, these peptides induce antinociceptive effects in pre-clinical pain models following intrathecal injection. In the current study, the efficacies of these peptides were determined separately and in combination by intrathecal injection into rats with a spinal nerve ligation, in rats with a spinal cord compression injury and in the formalin test. Separately, both conantokin-G and omega-conotoxin MVIIA dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive responses in all of these models. However, at high antinociceptive doses for both formalin and nerve injury models, omega-conotoxin MVIIA evoked untoward side effects. Using isobolographic analysis, the combination of sub-antinociceptive doses of peptides demonstrated additive antinociception in rats with a nerve ligation and in the formalin test, without apparent adverse side effects. In a model of neuropathic spinal cord injury pain, which is clinically difficult to treat, the combination of conantokin-G and omega-conotoxin MVIIA resulted in robust synergistic antinociception. These data suggest that a combination of these peptides may be analgesic across diverse clinical pains with limited untoward side effects, and particularly potent for reducing spinal cord injury pain.
Communication: Antimicrobial Activity of SMAP28 with a Targeting Domain for Porphyromonas gingivalis

Antibiotic therapy is often used with mechanical therapy to treat periodontal disease. However, complications associated with antibiotic use can occur. A ‘bacteria-specific’ targeted approach would eliminate some of these complications and kill specific periodontopathogens without harming the commensal bacteria. One such approach is to couple antimicrobial peptides to a ligand, pheromone, or antibody specific for the periodontopathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. To assess the feasibility of this approach, we attached PQGPPQ, a peptide from proline-rich protein 1 to either the N-terminus of SMAP28 (peptide ZS37-37) or the C-terminus of SMAP28 (peptide ZS37-38) to see whether it has potential as a carrier ligand to deliver SMAP28 to the surface of P. gingivalis. For Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the median minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZS37-37 was higher than the median of SMAP28 alone, although the median MIC of ZS37-38 was lower than that of SMAP28 alone. For P. gingivalis, there was no difference in the median MIC values. For S. aureus, the median MIC was higher for ZS37-37 and ZS37-38 compared to SMAP28 alone, particularly for ZS37-38. For Fusobacterium nucleatum, the median MIC values were equal for ZS37-37 and ZS37-38 and higher than the median MIC for SMAP28 alone. Attaching PQGPPQ to SMAP28 did not greatly increase the antimicrobial activity of ZS37-37 or ZS37-38 for P. gingivalis nor substantially decrease the antimicrobial activity of ZS37-37 or ZS37-38 for the four other microorganisms tested. This is an initial step to develop a selective antimicrobial agent that has ‘targeted’ antimicrobial activity without adverse reactions often associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
The heterogeneity of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol levels among depressed patients

A previous report by our group and results published by other research groups have indicated a dichotomy in MHPG levels in depressed patients. This study attempted to characterize phenomena associated with this dichotomy in plasma MHPG levels. First, we have noted, at least in female patients, that homogeneity of MHPG levels, as tested by fitting with a normal curve, can be ruled out. In contrast, in the total population, a dichotomy was less evident in this study; the 2 subgroups, high and low levels of MHPG, partially overlap, and this results in a gaussian distribution. However, based on the hypothesis of a bimodal distribution, as shown by others and not excluded here, it was possible to find some factors associated with heterogeneity. Thus, polarity of depression, sex and age of the patients, age of disease onset and depression score affect MHPG levels. On the other hand, other elements suspected to modify MHPG values, such as the different lengths of the washout period (minimum 10 days), or some medication (chloralhydrate or levomepromazine) required during the washout period, did not show any effect. The aim of this study was to better characterize this peripheral index for its possible use in clinical application.
Connection Machine Results for Pyramid Embedding Algorithms

A comparative analysis for four algorithms that embed pyramids into hypercubes is presented in this paper. Relevant results for a Connection Machine system CM-2 with 16,384 processors are included.