cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procedures for Adjusting Self-Reports of Violence for Social Desirability Bias

Clinicians and researchers frequently rely on self-reports of interpersonal violence. These reports are likely to be biased because of respondents' inclination to give socially desirable answers. This article describes methods for adjusting measures of violence and its correlates to take such response bias into account. Several studies are used to illustrate the application of an adjustment procedure to research and clinical assessment.
Epinephrine-induced Hypoaminoacidemia in Normal and Diabetic Human Subjects: Effect of Beta Blockade

SUMMARY To evaluate the effect of epinephrine on the circulating amino acids, we infused epinephrine into normal human subjects and juvenile-onset diabetic patients given a constant basal infusion of insulin. Epinephrine infusion produced an identical 350–400 pg/ml rise in plasma epinephrine in both groups. In normal subjects, epinephrine caused a progressive 26% reduction in total circulating amino acids, despite unchanged levels of plasma insulin. This effect was most pronounced for the branched amino acids, which fell by 40% (P It is concluded that (1) increments in epinephrine similar to those observed in stress cause a decline in circulating amino acids (except alanine) which is greatest for the branched chain amino acids; (2) this hypoaminoacidemic effect occurs in the absence of a rise in plasma insulin and diabetic subjects, as well; and (3) epinephrine-induced changes in amino acid regulation are prevented by β -adrenergic blockade. Our findings suggest that, in contrast with glucose and fat metabolism, epinephrine and insulin may have similar, rather than antagonistic, effects on plasma amino acid metabolism.
Plasma cefazolin levels during cardiovascular surgery: effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Objectives We sought to assess the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermic circulatory arrest on plasma cefazolin levels administered for antimicrobial prophylaxis in cardiovascular surgery. Methods Four groups (10 patients per group) were prospectively studied: vascular surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (group A), cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass time of less than 120 minutes (group B), cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass time of greater than 120 minutes (group C), and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermic circulatory arrest (group D). Subjects received cefazolin at induction and a second dose before wound closure. Arterial blood samples were obtained preceding cefazolin administration, at skin incision, hourly during the operation, and before redosing. Cefazolin plasma concentrations were determined by using a radial diffusion assay, with Staphylococcus aureus as the indicator microorganism. Cefazolin plasma concentrations were considered noninhibitory at 8 μg/mL or less, intermediate at 16 μg/mL, and inhibitory at 32 μg/mL or greater. Results In group A cefazolin plasma concentrations remained greater than 16 μg/mL during the complete surgical procedure. In group B cefazolin plasma concentrations diminished to 16 μg/mL or less in 30% of the patients but remained greater than 8 μg/mL. In group C cefazolin plasma concentrations decreased to less than 16 μg/mL in 60% of patients and were less than 8 μg/mL in 50% of patients. In group D cefazolin plasma concentrations reached 16 μg/mL in 66% of the patients but decreased to 8 μg/mL in only 1 patient. Conclusions For patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass time of greater than 120 minutes, a single dose of cefazolin before skin incision with redosing at wound closure does not provide targeted antimicrobial cefazolin plasma levels during the entire surgical procedure. Patients undergoing profound hypothermic circulatory arrest are better protected, but the described protocol of prophylaxis is not optimal.
Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Background Community acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increasingly causes disease worldwide. USA300 has emerged as the predominant clone causing superficial and invasive infections in children and adults in the USA. Epidemiological studies suggest that USA300 is more virulent than other CA-MRSA. The genetic determinants that render virulence and dominance to USA300 remain unclear.
What is conscious in perceived attachment? Evidence from global and specific relationship representations

Information processing involved in self-reported attachment may be a more reliable indicator of attachment style than are the self-reports themselves. To test this assumption, we compared incongruent global (i.e., vignette responses) and specific (i.e., multi-item) self-reported security in the parental and romantic realms. We found evidence of relations between global and specific incongruence and attachment style. Individuals exhibiting incongruence in the parental realm (i.e., secure global attachments regarding parents concurrent with insecure specific attachment) were relatively higher in preoccupied romantic attachment. Individuals incongruent in the romantic realm (i.e., secure specific attachments with partners concurrent with insecure global attachment) were higher in dismissive romantic attachment. The findings have implications for understanding the cognitive processing associated with consciously accessed attachment perceptions.
A New Look at Social Support: A Theoretical Perspective on Thriving Through Relationships

Close and caring relationships are undeniably linked to health and well-being at all stages in the life span. Yet the specific pathways through which close relationships promote optimal well-being are not well understood. In this article, we present a model of thriving through relationships to provide a theoretical foundation for identifying the specific interpersonal processes that underlie the effects of close relationships on thriving. This model highlights two life contexts through which people may potentially thrive (coping successfully with life's adversities and actively pursuing life opportunities for growth and development), it proposes two relational support functions that are fundamental to the experience of thriving in each life context, and it identifies mediators through which relational support is likely to have long-term effects on thriving. This perspective highlights the need for researchers to take a new look at social support by conceptualizing it as an interpersonal process with a focus on thriving.
Archaeal diversity in ODP legacy borehole 892b and associated seawater and sediments of the Cascadia Margin

The Cascadia Margin is a region of active accretionary tectonics characterized by high methane flux accompanied by the formation of sedimentary gas hydrates, carbonate nodules, and carbonate pavements. Several sediment cores have been obtained from this region by the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP), and in some cases the boreholes have been sealed off, serving as sites for long-term observatories. We characterized geochemical parameters and diversity of Archaea in one such ‘‘legacy’’ borehole, ODP site 892b, as well as in bottom water immediately above the borehole and in two nearby sediments. The methane concentrations in the samples varied over five orders of magnitude, from � 25 to 35 nM in the bottom water to � 1.4 mM in one of the sediment samples. Despite these differences, the Archaeal community in all samples was dominated by gene sequences related to the methanogenic Archaea, a finding that correlates with studies of other environments characterized by high methane flux. The archaeal phylotype richness in borehole ODP 892b was limited to two phylotypes; one specifically related to Methanosaeta spp., the other to the anaerobic methane oxidizing ANME-1 group. Although some similar groups were observed in nearby sediment and seawater samples, their archaeal phylotype richness was significantly higher than in the borehole. The possible presence of a dynamic microbial community in the Cascadia Margin sub-surface and its potential roles in methanogenesis, anaerobic oxidation of methane, and authigenic precipitation of carbonate in the Cascadia Margin are discussed. � 2005 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The need for a real time strategy game language

Real Time Strategy (RTS) games provide complex domain to test the latest artificial intelligence (AI) research. In much of the literature, AI systems have been limited to playing one game. Although, this specialization has resulted in stronger AI gaming systems it does not address the key concerns of AI research, which focuses on the development of AI agents that can autonomously interpret, learn, and apply new knowledge. To achieve human level performance, current AI systems rely on game specific knowledge of an expert. This paper proposes a RTS language in hopes of shifting the current research focus to the development of general RTS agents. General RTS agents are AI gaming systems that can play any RTS game, defined in the proposed RTS language. The structure of the RTS language prevents game specific knowledge from being hard coded into the system, thereby facilitating research that addresses the fundamental concerns of artificial intelligence.
The University of Illinois System in the CoNLL-2013 Shared Task

The CoNLL-2013 shared task focuses on correcting grammatical errors in essays written by non-native learners of English. In this paper, we describe the University of Illinois system that participated in the shared task. The system consists of five components and targets five types of common grammatical mistakes made by English as Second Language writers. We describe our underlying approach, which relates to our previous work, and describe the novel aspects of the system in more detail. Out of 17 participating teams, our system is ranked first based on both the original annotation and on the revised annotation.
Acute Renal Insufficiency (Failure)

One of the primary roles of the kidneys is to filter waste material from the blood. The inability of the kidneys to do this leads to renal failure. Acute renal insufficiency (ARI) is defined as the sudden onset (<48 h) of impaired kidney function. This is represented by a rise in the serum creatinine or a decrease in the urine output. The serum creatinine serves as a useful biomarker for measuring the flow rate of fluids through the kidneys, termed the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). As the clearance of creatinine and GFR decrease, the serum creatinine correspondingly increases signifying impaired renal function. The most common formula used to estimate GFR is the Cockcroft–Gault formula: $$ \mathrm{GF}{{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{CG}}}=\frac{{\left( {140-\mathrm{Age}} \right)\times \mathrm{Weight}\ \left( {\mathrm{kg}} \right)}}{{72\times \mathrm{Serum}\ \mathrm{creatinine}\ \left( {\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{dL}} \right)}}\times [0.85\ \mathrm{if}\ \mathrm{Female}] $$ $$ \frac{{\left[ {\left( {140-\mathrm{Age}} \right) \times \mathrm{Mass}\left( {\mathrm{in}\ \mathrm{kg}} \right)} \right]}}{{\left[ {72 \times \mathrm{Serum}\ \mathrm{creatinine}\left( {\mathrm{in}\ \mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{dL}} \right)} \right]}} $$
Vessels of memory and meaning: Artifacts of migration and healing

Every morning I face the pleasant task of selecting a coffee mug from a cabinet shelf crowded with mismatched options. I have collected the assorted mugs over decades, and each carries with it a unique set of memories that mark its individual history with me. Therefore, the morning ritual involves more than the utilitarian activity of finding a vessel for coffee; opening the cabinet door is like encountering a collection of memories. These ordinary objects have been much on my mind.
Assessment of a Soft Sensor Approach for Determining Influent Conditions at the MWRDGC Calumet WRP

AbstractMany older water reclamation plants (WRPs) are implementing model-based process control to satisfy increasingly stringent effluent requirements while they lower energy costs, but these methods require reliable process information. Soft sensors can help to provide such information by building on easily acquirable and historical data. In this investigation of a soft-sensor approach at a conventional WRP, many historical data were missing, which suggested that a large fraction of the information would be lost if the missing data were not well managed. This study applied an iterated stepwise multiple linear regression (ISMLR) approach to minimize the loss of data and to predict real-time influent ammonia and CBOD5 (5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand), and future influent flow at the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) Calumet WRP. Relative to a simple deletion method (which retained about 45% of the daily data), the ISMLR approach successfully retained substan...
Inside the Black Box: The Case Review Process of an Elder Abuse Forensic Center

OBJECTIVE: Preliminary evidence suggests that elder abuse forensic centers improve victim welfare by increasing necessary prosecutions and conservatorships and reducing the recurrence of protective service referrals. Center team members gather information and make decisions designed to protect clients and their assets, yet the collective process of how these case reviews are conducted remains unexamined. The purpose of this study is to present a model describing the interprofessional approach of investigation and response to financial exploitation (FE), a frequent and complex type of abuse of vulnerable adults. METHODS: To develop an understanding of the case review process at the Los Angeles County Elder Abuse Forensic Center (Center), a quasi-Delphi field study approach was used involving direct observations of meetings, surveying team members, and review from the Center's Advisory Council. The goal of this iterative analysis was to understand the case review process for suspected FE in Los Angeles County. RESULTS: A process map of key forensic center elements was developed that may be useful for replication in other settings. The process map includes: (a) multidisciplinary data collection, (b) key decisions for consideration, and (c) strategic actions utilized by an interprofessional team focused on elder justice. DISCUSSION: Elder justice relies on a complex system of providers. Elder abuse forensic centers provide a process designed to efficiently address client safety, client welfare, and protection of assets. Study findings provide a process map that may help other communities replicate an established multidisciplinary team, one experienced with justice system outcomes designed to protect FE victims. Language: en
Design of Engine Exhaust-Washed Structures for an Efficient Supersonic Air Vehicle MDO Application

Structural components located aft of embedded engines on low observable aircraft, known as engine exhaust-washed structures (EEWS), are exposed to an extreme, configuration specific, combined thermal/structural loading environment. As a result of this operating environment, and the unique design challenges it poses, the effectiveness of EEWS designs is a key factor in the overall performance of an embedded engine aircraft. This means that design requirements and effects of overall configuration variability on exhaust structures must be addressed in early stages of a new embedded engine aircraft design to ensure that the final system can continue to meet performance requirements as development progresses. This paper highlights the design considerations for engine exhaust-washed structures design, steps taken to incorporate EEWS design requirements into a configuration-level design process of an efficient supersonic air vehicle (ESAV), as well as multidisciplinary design optimization methods developed that focus directly on structural design in a thermal/structural environment.
Song “Dialects” in Three Populations of White-crowned Sparrows

The phenomenon of "dialect" variation in bird song, appearing as a consistent difference in the predominant song type between one population and another of the same species, has a special interest for biologists, serving as a focus for attention in discussion of such diverse topics as speciation (for example, Huxley, 1942; Mayr, 1942), learning (Thorpe, 1954, 1958) and the mechanisms of social communication (Marler, 1959). The White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) affords one of the best known cases of such "dialect" variation among North American birds, and it has been commented upon by many who have observed this species (Blanchard, 1941; Peterson, 1941). Before the ontogenetic basis of such local song variation can be assessed and before its evolutionary significance can be satisfactorily determined, careful descriptions of the nature and extent of the variation are required. This paper seeks to provide some of this necessary information by describing song variation in the individual and in a population, both at one time and from year to year, and also by comparing songs in three populations, two adjacent and one distant.
Effectiveness of Hollow Fibers as Dispensers of Synthetic Sex Attractant for Male Carpenterworms (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

Traps baited with Conrel hollow-fiber dispensers charged with ( Z, E )-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate caught male Prionoxystus robiniae (LepIdoptera: Cossldae). Traps baited with 20-mil fiber dispensers, although they caught equivalent numbers of males as traps baited with cotton wick dispensers, were more effective for longer periods of time. Traps baited with Conrel fibers charged separately with the ZE - and EE - isomers of 3, 5- tetradecadienyl acetate, and released in concert, caught significantly more males than traps baited with fiber dispensers emitting the Z, E - isomer alone. The addition of the antioxidants BHA/BHT to the attractant did not significantly increase trap catches.
The Conway Stones: What the Original Hebrew May Have Been

(1976). The Conway Stones: What the Original Hebrew May Have Been. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 207-210.
Endoscopically guided aerobic cultures in postsurgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

BackgroundThere is considerable amount of debate in the literature regarding the microbial flora of normal, acutely infected, and chronically infected paranasal sinuses. Few studies have specifical...
Signal enhancement for detection of specialized atrioventricular conduction system electrograms during open-heart surgery

A method for signal enhancement of electrograms of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system is presented. This method allows a single, electrogram to replace the three tracings of bipolar electrograms previously required to ensure recognition of the specialized conduction system and yet maintains the safety afforded by use of three pairs of recording electrodes. In addition, this new signal is enhanced in magnitude and is always unidirectional (positive). These features are desirable for automated signal recognition. This method therefore provides an important step toward future automation and signal recognition of specialized conduction system electrograms during open-heart surgery.
Evolution of an intron-poor cluster of the CIPK gene family and expression in response to drought stress in soybean.

Calcium ion is an intracellular messenger that plays a central role in signal transduction pathways. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) signal network have shown different functions in the Ca2+ signaling process. In this work, we identified the entire soybean (Glycine max) CIPK gene family, which comprised 52 genes and divided into four subgroups (I to IV) based on phylogeny. The gene structural analysis separated these 52 genes into an intron-rich clade and an intron-poor clade. Chromosomal location analysis resulted in the identification of 22 duplicated blocks and six tandem duplication events. Phylogenetic classification of 193 CIPK proteins from representative plant species suggested that the intron-poor clade of CIPKs originated in seed plants. Analysis of global gene expression patterns of soybean CIPK family revealed that most intron-poor soybean CIPK genes are drought-inducible; a finding that was further confirmed using qRT-PCR. Our study provides a foundation for further functional analysis to reveal the roles that CIPKs and more specifically the intron-poor clade play in drought tolerance in soybean.
Cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease: leukemia/lymphoma, systemic malignancy, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and neurofibromatosis.

Dermatology Nursing Essentials: A Core Curriculum (2nd edition) was written to provde the reader with core knowledge about the specialty of dermatology nursing. Key points from the text are highlighted to test and review your dermatology nursing knowledge. These quick hits of information are no substitute for the indepth analysis provided in the Core Curriculum, but are designed to wet your appetite for the comprehensive content that the Core delivers. References for the information presented here can be found in the Core Curriculum. To order your personal copy of the Core, visit DNA’s Web site at www.dnanurse.org or call (800) 454-4DNA.
The Impact of AIDS on Hemophilia

This chapter examines the impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on individuals with hemophilia and their families. Disease caused by the AIDS virus (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) is doubly devastating because it produces a lethal physical illness and contributes to the social isolation of those infected. People with AIDS have recurrent infections requiring frequent physician visits, repeated hospitalizations, and expensive medications; they also experience rampant discrimination and often are barred from attending school and the workplace. The financial liability of hemophiliacs increased exponentially between 1982 and 1992, although government legislative actions provided some relief. Hemophiliacs initiated litigation against blood bankers, pharmaceutical firms, and government health officials in Europe and North America, who were accused of knowingly dispensing contaminated blood and blood products. This chapter details the social, medical, and financial impacts of HIV on the hemophilia community and describes the measures taken to ease their burden.
Utilizing 4-H in Afterschool Settings: Two Approaches for Integration

As our communities grow and change, afterschool programs represent an avenue to bring resources to populations which would otherwise not be available to them. Combining 4-H with the afterschool environment can be beneficial in supporting and raising the quality of afterschool programs being offered. This article explores the benefits and challenges of two approaches of implementing 4-H programming in afterschool settings: the 4-H managed program that is created and run solely by 4-H faculty and staff and the 4-H afterschool partnerships which are facilitated in partnership with existing afterschool programs. Regardless of the approach, combining 4-H with afterschool programs can strengthen well established programs and can enhance the quality of all afterschool programs.
Pneumoconioses Radiographs in a Large Population of U.S. Coal Workers: Variability in A Reader and B Reader Classifications by Using the International Labour Office Classification.

A readers identified substantially more radiographs with evidence of pneumoconiosis and higher small opacity profusion than did B readers, which reinforced the importance of demonstrating ongoing competence in the International Labour Office classification system to ensure accurate radiographic classifications.
Real-time stabilization of neurons into clusters

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widespread method of combating tremors associated with Parkinson's disease, but whose mechanisms are not fully understood. One hypothesis, supported experimentally, is that some symptoms of Parkinson's are associated with pathological synchronization of neurons in the basal ganglia. For this reason, there has been interest in recent years in finding efficient ways to desynchronize neurons that are both fast-acting and low-power. Recent results on coordinated reset and periodically forced oscillators suggest that forming distinct clusters of neurons may prove to be more effective than achieving complete desynchronization by promoting plasticity effects that might persist after stimulation is turned off. Existing proposed methods for achieving clustering frequently require either multiple input sources or precomputing the control signal. We propose here a control strategy for clustering, based on an analysis of the reduced phase model for a set of identical neurons, that allows for real-time, single-input control of a population of neurons with low-amplitude, low total energy signals.
Evolution of Public Opinion under Conformist and Manipulative Behaviors

Abstract In a prior work, we investigated how the outcome of a tracking poll can be influenced by two contradictory behaviors of participants, namely conformity and manipulation. A common characteristic of opinion polls is that a participant has only a few options to express her opinion, thus such polls do not capture the opinion dynamics of social networks where the stated opinions are deemed to belong to a continuum. Inspired by this argument, we address in this paper the conformist and manipulative behaviors of individuals in a realistic opinion network. Such an opinion network can indeed be viewed as a tracking poll where a participant casts her vote by selecting from a continuum rather than a discrete set. To carry out the analysis, we model an opinion network as a game among the individuals and define their payoff functions appropriately in the sense that optimizing them captures the conformist and manipulative behaviors. We then investigate the dynamics of the game and its behavior as time grows.
Rape myth acceptance and rape acknowledgment: The mediating role of sexual refusal assertiveness

Unacknowledged rape, defined as when an individual experiences an event that meets a legal or empirical definition of rape but the individual does not label it as such, is prevalent. Research examining predictors of rape acknowledgment is needed. Sexual assertiveness may be an important variable to consider, as an individual's typical behavior during sexual situations may influence rape acknowledgment. To assess the indirect effect of rape myth acceptance on rape acknowledgment through sexual refusal assertiveness, an online survey of 181 female rape survivors was conducted. The indirect effects of two types of rape myths (He didn't mean to and Rape is a deviant event) were significant and positive. Specifically, acceptance of these two rape myths was negatively related to sexual refusal assertiveness, which was negatively associated with likelihood of rape acknowledgment. The results of this study indicate that sexual refusal assertiveness is associated with lower likelihood of rape acknowledgment among rape survivors. As a result, it appears that, under certain circumstances, women high in rape myth acceptance may be more likely to acknowledge rape when it results in decreased sexual refusal assertiveness.
Synthesis of Kenyaite, Magadiite and Octosilicate Using Poly(ethylene glycol) as a Template

Three types of layered silicates, namely octosilicate, magadiite and kenyaite, were synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The influence of reaction parameters, including alkali source, silica source, PEG molecular weight, reaction time and temperature, on the formation of these three phases was investigated. The results indicate that magadiite is preferred when (i) using NaOH as the alkali source and at a lower temperature (150°C), with fumed silica, tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Ludox-AS 40 or colloidal sol acting as the silica source in the presence of PEG 200; (ii) using fumed silica as the silica source and PEG 300 as the template at 150°C; (iii) at a higher temperature (180°C), using PEG 200 as template and TEOS as the silica source; and (iv) at 180°C with a combination of PEG 300 and fumed silica. Compared to magadiite, kenyaite was favored at a higher temperature (180°C) with PEG 200 and NaOH, KOH or RbOH, while using fumed silica, silica gel, or colloidal sol as silica source; or at the lower temperature (150°C) using NaOH as alkali source, PEG 200 as template, and silica gel or silicic acid as the silica source. Octosilicate was obtained at 90°C with the combination of NaOH, PEG 200 and fumed silica.
Cyclic Strain and Fatigue Strength

This chapter discusses cyclic strain and fatigue strength. It discusses the basic processes of fatigue by first simplifying experimental conditions and then introducing complications one by one later. The condition of ductility implies that the metal experiences plastic as well as elastic strain in each cycle and, therefore, a to and fro movement of mobile dislocations. This to and fro movement gives rise to mechanical properties and microstructural changes that most distinguish cyclic from unidirection strain. The chapter also focuses on distinctive mechanical properties and distinctive microstructural changes. Material scientists have found it easier to restrict unidirectional dislocation movement under static stress than cyclic movement under fatigue stress. Such improvement of fatigue strength that has accompanied unidirectional or static strength has occurred mainly in pseudo-elastic fatigue and there in the materials classed as high-strength steels.
Reclaiming Rhetoric’s Responsibilities

Although rhetoric sometimes seems to be a completely neutral instrument, in fact it has several social responsibilities. Chief among these is the display of public reason, justifying contingent claims in the public forum. Other responsibilities include creating a community through revealing common bonds among people and providing the basis for human aspirations. These responsibilities are not self-executing but require committed teachers and citizens to carry them out. A special duty rests with teachers of rhetoric who instruct large numbers of students in written composition and public speaking.
Hydrodynamic dispersion in thin channels with micro-structured porous walls

Flow and transport within porous- and microtextured-walled channels is relevant to a number of natural and industrial processes. Designing and optimizing the topology of the pores and/or microstructure to achieve target performance at the system scale (or macroscale) is still an open question. In this work, we study whether hydrodynamic dispersion in microfluidic channels with walls structured by obstacles can be modeled by dispersion in channels with porous walls described as continuous porous media of zero or finite permeability. We perform single phase microfluidic non-reactive flow experiments in channels embedded in micropatterns with different topologies. Specifically, we focus on transverse riblets and arrays of pillars as examples of impermeable and permeable obstructions, respectively. We compare the experimental results with three models: 3D pore-scale simulations which resolve the micropattern geometry explicitly and two upscaled models which treat the micropattern as a continuum of zero or finite permeability. This study demonstrates that polydimethylsiloxane micromodels with appropriately patterned surfaces can be successfully employed to validate various continuum-scale modeling approximations in different physical regimes, identified by the order of magnitude of the Peclet number and the obstruction permeability.Flow and transport within porous- and microtextured-walled channels is relevant to a number of natural and industrial processes. Designing and optimizing the topology of the pores and/or microstructure to achieve target performance at the system scale (or macroscale) is still an open question. In this work, we study whether hydrodynamic dispersion in microfluidic channels with walls structured by obstacles can be modeled by dispersion in channels with porous walls described as continuous porous media of zero or finite permeability. We perform single phase microfluidic non-reactive flow experiments in channels embedded in micropatterns with different topologies. Specifically, we focus on transverse riblets and arrays of pillars as examples of impermeable and permeable obstructions, respectively. We compare the experimental results with three models: 3D pore-scale simulations which resolve the micropattern geometry explicitly and two upscaled models which treat the micropattern as a continuum of zero or fin...
Change and Open Systems

Who are “we,” then, as creative product? Hard to put boundaries around it/us, or to distinguish “who we are” as creative product, from creative process. Our dynamic of self and world makes more sense when we see self in touch with, and even intimately connected and intertwined with, our larger surrounds. We are also organically in a nonlinear dance of change and surprise. Meanwhile “outside” and “inside” are not so separate, and we ourselves are processes-in-motion. For many it is a new view of self-in-world, linked to a larger worldview based in a complex (and beautiful) interconnected dynamical picture. Our own influences are many, and also more evident, when we visualize ourselves as “open systems.”
Spondylodiscitis in end-stage renal disease: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVEDiscitis and osteomyelitis are seen in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to repeated vascular access for hemodialysis and urinary tract infections leading to recurrent bacteremia. Discitis and osteomyelitis are underdiagnosed due to the nonspecific initial presentation of back pain. In this article, we review the literature for better understanding of the problem and the importance of early diagnosis by primary care physicians and nephrologists. In addition, we discuss the decision-making, follow-up, management, and neurological outcomes.METHODSA detailed PubMed search was performed using the following terms: "end stage renal disease (ESRD)" and "chronic renal failure (CRF)," combined with "spine infections," "spondylodiscitis," "discitis," and "osteomyelitis." Search results were limited to articles written in English, case reports, and case series from 1973 to 2012. Editorials, reviews, and commentaries were excluded. Only studies involving human patients were included. The authors also included 4 patients from their own patient population.RESULTSA total of 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Including the 4 patients from the authors' patient population, 212 patients with spine infections and maintenance dialysis were identified. The patients' ages ranged from 38 to 78 years. The duration of dialysis ranged from a few days to 16 years. The time from onset of back pain to diagnosis ranged from 3 days to 6 months. The most common causative organism was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative bacteria. Most of the patients were treated with antibiotics alone (76.8%), although surgery was indicated when patients presented with neurological deficits (p 65 years were highly correlated with mortality in our analysis.CONCLUSIONSSeveral risk factors lead to failure of antibiotics and progression of disease in patients with ESRD. Challenges to diagnosis include vague presenting symptoms, co-existing destructive spondyloarthropathy, poor immune response, chronic elevations of inflammatory markers, and recurrent bacteremia. Infectious processes are more likely to cause permanent neurological deficits than transient deficits. The authors recommend close observation and serial imaging of these patients for early signs of neurological deficits. Any signs of disease progression will require aggressive surgical debridement.
Finite-Dimensional Representations

In any finite-dimensional representation of a complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h acts completely reducibly, the simultaneous eigenvalues being called “weights.” Once a positive system for the roots Δ+(g, h) has been fixed, one can speak of highest weights. The Theorem of the Highest Weight says that irreducible finite-dimensional representations are characterized by their highest weights and that the highest weight can be any dominant algebraically integral linear functional on h. The hard step in the proof is the construction of an irreducible representation corresponding to a given dominant algebraically integral form. This step is carried out by using “Verma modules,” which are universal highest weight modules.
Data fusion of vis–NIR and PXRF spectra to predict soil physical and chemical properties

We tested one front‐end data fusion method to combine visible near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and portable X‐ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectra for predicting different soil properties and investigated the contribution of different sensor data. A total of 197 soil samples were collected from 25 Alfisols and Mollisols in south‐central Wisconsin, USA. Soils were analysed in the laboratory for clay, sand, silt content, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and pH. Air‐dried soil samples were scanned with vis–NIR and PXRF spectrometers. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to each of the vis–NIR and PXRF spectra to extract the first 10 principal components (PCs), which were used in the Cubist model. Five types of input data were compared for constructing the models using a front‐end data fusion approach, including: (a) 10 PCs from vis–NIR spectra, (b) 10 PCs from spectra of PXRF beam 1 (XRF40), (c) 10 PCs from spectra of PXRF beam 2 (XRF10), (d) concatenating 20 PCs from two PXRF spectra (XRF40 + 10), and (e) concatenating 30 PCs from two PXRF spectra and vis–NIR spectra (XRF40 + 10 + NIR). In addition, the performances of the preprocessing methods (four smoothing methods with or without background removal) of PXRF spectra were compared. Multiple linear regression was also used to predict soil properties directly from 11 PXRF‐estimated elements. Our results suggest that smoothing should be applied to the PXRF spectra prior to developing predictive models. PXRF spectra and elemental data can predict soil texture with validation R² > 0.85, better than using solely vis–NIR spectra, and combining vis–NIR and PXRF spectra improved the prediction. Combining PXRF and vis–NIR can also predict TC and TN moderately well. Soil pH cannot be predicted from vis–NIR or PXRF spectra in this dataset due to its weak correlations with other soil properties and elements. It is concluded that PXRF spectra can be solely used to estimate soil texture, whereas combining vis–NIR and PXRF spectra via PCA should be used to estimate TC and TN. HIGHLIGHTS: The use of front‐end data fusion method to combine vis–NIR and PXRF spectra for predicting soil properties. Different preprocessing algorithms were compared systematically for PXRF spectra. Spectral smoothing should be applied to the PXRF spectra prior to developing predictive models. PXRF spectra can be used solely to estimate soil texture, whereas combining vis–NIR and PXRF spectra via PCA should be used to estimate TC and TN.
Quinoa response to line-source sprinkler irrigation

Including drought-tolerant crops, such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), in rotation could benefit growers facing increased water shortages in the western United States. Yet, there are limited...
Outcomes of Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis:

Background:While the indications for primary hip arthroscopic surgery in treating femoroacetabular abnormalities continue to be defined, the indications and outcomes for revision hip arthroscopic s...
Dynamics of Minimal Residual Leukemia After Combinations of the HyperCVAD Regimen with Imatinib or Dasatinib In Patients with Philadelphia-Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract 2127 Background: The addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib to combination chemotherapy regimens has improved the outcome of patients (pts) with Philadelphia-chromosme-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We examined whether the dynamics of minimal residual disease (MRD) measured by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) was different among pts treated with the combination of hyperCVAD with imatinib or dasatinib. Materials and Methods: From April 2001 to September 2006, 54 pts with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL were treated with the combination of hyperCVAD and imatinib; from October 2006 to July 2009, 42 pts were treated with the hyperCVAD and dasatinib regimen. The median ages for the two groups were 50 and 51 years [ranges, (27 - 84) and (21 - 78)]. Fifty one (94%) and 40 (95%) achieved complete remission (CR) on the two regimen and were followed by serial bone marrow assessments for MRD. MFC was performed using 4 or 6 color combinations of antibodies to lymphoblast and myeloid antigens (e.g., CD10, CD13, CD15, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD33, CD34, CD38, CD58, CD66c, and CD81), with a sensitivity of 0.01%. RQ-PCR for BCR-ABL was performed using TaqMan primer/probes for the e1a2, e13a2 (b2a2), and e14a2 (b3a2) BCR-ABL transcripts in a single tube with normalization to total ABL transcripts. Results: The dynamics of the MRD by RQ-PCR and MFC over the initial 18 month period after achieving CR are shown in the attached figures 1 and 2, respectively. The decline in the median value of BCR-ABL/ABL was more rapid with dasatinib, with more patients reaching the level of Conclusions: Dasatinib containing regimen produces a deeper and more rapid decline in the BCR-ABL and MRD by MFC in the first 6 months of treatment. Whether this would translate to an improved long-term disease-free and overall survival remains to be investigated. Disclosures: Ravandi: Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Off Label Use: frontline use of dasatinib in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thomas: Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol-Meyer-Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: ; Amgen: Research Funding. Cortes: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Kantarjian: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.
Online Diversity Communication at Citigroup

This chapter discusses diversity communication in Citigroup’s brand community. The chapter highlights the importance of corporate identification as well as its potential to transform online users in active participant in diversity initiatives offline.
Anti-Terrorism Laws are a Global Phenomenon

The September 11, 2001 attacks, while targeted toward the United States, had a global impact unmeasured by any event in recent history. The attacks resulted in two major armed conflicts with regimes on the other side of the world. The detention of foreign nationals in Guantanamo and in some domestic jails has raised interesting and serious legal questions about the rules of war, immigration policy and the balance between national security and civil rights.As the 9/11 attacks drove the U.S. to enact the USA PATRIOT Act, the global repercussions of the attacks also drove many other countries around the world to enact similar anti-terrorism acts. Many of those laws are presenting the same questions and controversies about the balance between security and civil liberties as we are facing in the United States.
Rapid corticosteroid taper versus standard of care for immune checkpoint inhibitor induced nephritis: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Background Current guidelines for treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced nephritis are not evidence based and may lead to excess corticosteroid exposure. We aimed to compare a rapid corticosteroid taper to standard of care. Methods Retrospective cohort study in patients with ICI-induced nephritis comparing a rapid taper beginning with 60 mg/day prednisone and tapered to 10 mg within 3 weeks to a historical control group that began 60 mg/day tapered to 10 mg within 6 weeks (standard of care). Renal recovery was defined as creatinine returning to within 1.5-fold baseline. The log-rank test compared the differences in time to renal recovery between the groups. We report rates of renal recovery at 30, 60 and 90 days, and timing and outcomes of ICI rechallenge. Results Thirteen patients received rapid corticosteroid taper and 14 patients received standard of care. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The median time to ≤10 mg/day prednisone was 20 days (IQR 15–25) in the rapid-taper group compared with 38 days (IQR 30–58) in the standard-of-care group. There was no significant difference in the time to renal recovery between the groups, though numerically higher numbers of patients recovered by 30 days, 11 (85%) in the rapid-taper arm versus 6 (46%) in the standard of care arm. Exposure to other nephritis-causing medications (proton pump inhibitor or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) during the corticosteroid taper was more common in the standard of care group, 9 (64%) versus rapid-taper group, 2 (15%), and was associated with longer time to renal recovery, 20 days (IQR 14–101) versus 13 days (IQR 7–34) in those that discontinued nephritis-causing medications. Fifteen (56%) of patients were rechallenged with ICIs, and only two (13%) developed recurrent nephritis. Conclusions Patients with ICI-induced nephritis have excellent kidney outcomes when treated with corticosteroids that are tapered over 3 weeks.
Inhibiting the Inhibitors of Apoptosis: When Two Targets Are Better Than One.

Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Pullarkat and colleagues present the results from a phase I clinical trial that is the first to combine small-molecule inhibitors for multiple antiapoptotic proteins, BCL2 as well as BCL-XL, with a traditional chemotherapy backbone for patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This trial has demonstrated impressive response rates with acceptable toxicity while providing proof of concept that dual targeting—hitting BCL2 hard and BCL-XL soft—is both effective and tolerable in a heterogeneous patient population with prior existing cytopenias. See related article by Pullarkat et al., p. 1440.
“I Don’t Speak Poor”: Uncovering Social Class

This chapter uncovers what young people know and understand about social class, and how it affects those who struggle with financial hardship in an affluent school district. Drawing heavily on case studies from middle and high school, this chapter shares what young people say about social class, the pressures that tie money in with popularity, and the ways in which schools stigmatize, and support, those who struggle financially.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5‐bisphosphate: Low abundance, high significance

Recent studies of the low abundant signaling lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2 ), reveal an intriguingly diverse list of downstream pathways, the intertwined relationship between PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P, as well as links to neurodegenerative diseases. Derived from the structural lipid phosphatidylinositol, PI(3,5)P2 is dynamically generated on multiple cellular compartments where interactions with an increasing list of effectors regulate many cellular pathways. A complex of proteins that includes Fab1/PIKfyve, Vac14, and Fig4/Sac3 mediates the biosynthesis of PI(3,5)P2 , and mutations that disrupt complex function and/or formation cause profound consequences in cells. Surprisingly, mutations in this pathway are linked with neurological diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Future studies of PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P are likely to expand the roles of these lipids in regulation of cellular functions, as well as provide new approaches for treatment of some neurological diseases.