cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of high altitude on adolescent growth in southern Peruvian Amerindians.

The growth in height, weight, and two thoracic diameters of three populations of southern Peruvian Amerindian children is described. The results indicate that altitude has an effect on the growth of height and weight during late childhood and a more dramatic effect on adolescent growth. Chest growth during this period appears to be very little affected. This finding may be explained by the hypothesis that chest growth is under different genetic control than the development of stature or weight and is relatively insensitive to the altitude-related environmental factors which affect general somatic growth rates. Several studies have demonstrated a slow rate of growth in human populations resident at high altitudes in the Andes (Frisancho and Baker, 1970; Haas, 1973; McClung, 1969). However, not all morphological structures appear to be equally affected during growth at high altitude. For example, Frisancho and Baker suggest that the growth of the chest dimensions may be accelerated while height and weight appear to be slowed. It is also possible that different stages of the life cycle may be unequally affected during development at high altitude. Periods of rapid growth such as adolescence may be more severely modified than periods of more leisurely growth such as childhood. The extent to which these responses are conditioned by the reduced oxygen pressure of high altitude is unclear. Other factors such as the limited energy availability in the Andean highaltitude ecosystem, a distinct genetic potential, or a combination of these may be responsible (Pawson, 1974; Thomas, 1973). It has not been possible to test these alternative hypotheses about child growth at high altitude in the Andes with the data available since low-altitude control populations were usually not available for comparison. In this report we describe the growth in height, weight, and chest dimensions of a sample of rural 1 Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. Present address: Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. 2Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. 3Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Human Biology, May 1977, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 109-124. ® Wayne State University Press, 1977 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.53 on Thu, 01 Sep 2016 04:37:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 110 Cynthia M. Beali et al. low-altitude Peruvian children and adolescents and compare them with a previously described rural sample of the same age from high altitude. The results, which focus on adolescence, are considered in terms of the various hypotheses which have been offered to explain the high-altitude Andean growth characteristics.
Country Context and University Affiliation: A Comparative Study of Business Incubation in the United States and Brazil

This study compared university affiliated and non-university affiliated business incubators in the United States and Brazil in order to assess the impacts of country context and affiliation on incubator funding sources, direct financial assistance to client firms and internal versus external service mix through use of quantitative and qualitative data. Affiliations with external entities can provide life giving resources; however, it may also transfer external shocks to the new venture calling for buffers. Results indicated that incubators in the United States have a higher number of funding sources, are more likely to provide direct financial support, and offer more external services relative to Brazilian incubators; whereas Brazilian incubators are more inclined to connect incubates to external financial resources but provide services in-house. The study results suggested that incubators in both countries use “bridges” and “buffers” to ameliorate resource deficits driven by environmental exigencies.
Improving Genomic Literacy Among Cardiovascular Practitioners via a Flipped-Classroom Workshop at a National Meeting

The enormous progress in the field of human genetics since the completion of the Human Genome Project—most notably the identification of both rare and common variants associated with a plethora of clinical traits and diseases through novel methodologies, such as the genome-wide association study and next-generation DNA sequencing—has revolutionized our understanding of human health. At the same time, this progress threatens to outstrip the ability to apply these discoveries to clinical care for the benefit of patients. One significant barrier is a lack of genomic literacy among clinical practitioners,1–4 not surprising given that many advances in genetics and genomics have emerged recently, well after the completion of formal training by most practitioners. Published examples of attempts to enhance the teaching of clinical genomics to medical learners have largely been lecture based. For example, the Stanford University’s Department of Pathology created a Genomic Medicine course for their residents and fellows that comprised a series of 10 lectures that were also made available online.5 In another example, the Tufts University School of Medicine’s medical school curriculum added a lecture on the science and technology of genomic testing and incorporated a homework assignment in which students analyzed the results of genome testing of anonymous patients.6 Neither of these educational innovations address the considerable need to educate active practitioners about genetics and genomics in a way that does not rely on traditional lecture-based classroom learning—an impracticality for busy professionals—but rather draws from best practices in adult education, including the growing recognition of the superiority of active-learning approaches in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education, such as the so-called flipped classroom.7 In 2010, through the Program Directors Section of the Association of Pathology Chairs, the Training Residents in Genomics (TRIG) working group (WG) was formed to create teaching tools …
Seasonal changes in spatial patterns of Oncorhynchus mykiss growth require year-round monitoring

Growth and movement of juvenile salmonids influence the expression of individual life history traits and production of adults at the population scale. We individually marked and recaptured juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss over the course of a year in Murderers Creek, a semi-arid tributary to the South Fork John Day River in Northeast Oregon. We tagged O. mykiss in three reaches with differing stream gradient, stream temperature and fish density. Mean growth rates differed significantly among reaches and seasons with a significant interaction between reach and season. Reaches with high growth rates shifted across Murderers Creek among seasons. Stream reaches with high growth during the winter had low growth during summer and vice-versa. The proportion of individuals moving at the reach scale during summer was low (≤2.6%), suggesting that individuals did not track resources at the reach scale. The spatio-temporal variation in growth indicates that monitoring stream salmonids across multiple seasons is necessary to accurately characterise the production of different stream reaches.
A New Genus and Two New Species of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) from Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Neotropics

Cichlidocestus n. gen. is proposed to accommodate 2 new species of proteocephalidean cestodes, Cichlidocestus gillesi n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum in Peru (type species) and Cichlidocestus janikae n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (all Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Costa Rica. The new genus is unique among all but 1 proteocephalidean genera in the position of the ovary that occupies the middle and posterior thirds of the median region of proglottids (vs. the ovary in the posterior third of proglottids near their posterior margin in all but 1 remaining taxa). In addition, Cichlidocestus is typified by the presence of a voluminous, spherical, internal seminal vesicle, several pairs of ventral excretory canals in the medulla, a pyramidal, quadrilobed scolex with an apical muscular sucker, and the posterior extent of the testes that may reach almost to the posterior margin of proglottids. The new genus shares the position of the ovary and its extension with Sciadocephalus (also a parasite of cichlids in the Neotropics as the new taxon); in all remaining proteocephalideans the ovary occupies the posterior third only. Sciadocephalus differs from Cichlidocestus by a different morphology of the scolex, which possesses an umbrella-like metascolex that is markedly wider than the strobila, the number of ventral osmoregulatory canals, and development of the uterus, which forms capsule-like formations filled with eggs in Sciadocephalus megalodiscus (vs. simple lateral diverticula in Cichlidocestus spp.). Both new species of Cichlidocestus can be easily distinguished from one another by the anterior extent of the poral vitelline follicles (anterior to the cirrus-sac, i.e., preporal, in C. gillesi vs. posterior, i.e., only postporal in C. janikae), size of the eggs (diameter of the external layer of the embryophore of C. gillesi 30-33 μm vs. 44-46 μm in C. janikae), and the number of uterine lateral diverticula (16-21 on 1 side in C. gillesi vs. only 8-12 in C. janikae) and the testes (37-46 in C. gillesi vs. 63-74 in C. janikae). Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rRNA gene (lsrDNA) sequences, C. gillesi forms a lineage sister to S. megalodiscus, thus supporting the morphological similarity of both genera that occur in fishes of the same family in the same zoogeographical region.
Robert Creeley, Quintessential Postmodern American Poet

It was Creeley, the quintessentially American poet, who introduced me to the term “occasion.” Though he was not conversant with the etymology, he deliberately used the word in the dislocating sense that Wallace Stevens used it in the resonant line “Poetry is the cry of its occasion”: a poetry that emanates, not from above, but from humanity’s existential encounter with the profane phenomena of the finite world. Only later, when I became conscious that I was using this word consistently, did I undertake a search into its etymological history. What I found was that “occidere,” the setting of the sun, an extension of cadere (to die) is the Latin word from which the English word “Occident” derives. Henceforth, this resonant word became an indispensable term of my critical and theoretical vocabulary because it expresses so resonantly the onto-political essence of Western civilization, not least, its Orientalism.
Assessment of three point-of-care platelet function assays in adult trauma patients

Abstract Background Antiplatelet (AP) medication use is common among trauma patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Management options for platelet dysfunction in trauma patients are controversial, expensive, and potentially harmful. Although light transmission platelet aggregometry is considered the standard test to assess platelet function, it is cumbersome and not generally available. Currently, there are no widely accepted platelet function point-of-care tests for acute trauma. Study design Prospective observational study from 2014 to 2015. Baseline Multiplate aggregometry aspirin area under the platelet aggregation curve (ASPI AUC), Thrombelastography Platelet Mapping percent inhibition of arachidonic acid (TEG-PM AA), and VerifyNow Aspirin Test (ARU) were compared for ability to detect any AP medication use (aspirin or clopidogrel), platelet dysfunction, and identify patients at risk for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) progression by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Adenosine diphosphate assays were similarly evaluated. Results Sixty-four patients were enrolled, 25 were taking AP medications. AP patients were older (71.6 versus 35.0 y, P Conclusions Multiplate, TEG-PM, and VerifyNow are useful point-of-care tests which identify AP medication use and platelet dysfunction in trauma patients. Initial TEG-PM AA percent inhibition may be associated with risk for ICH progression. However, additional large, prospective studies are needed.
Optimizing test placement for module-level regression testing

Modern build systems help increase developer productivity by performing incremental building and testing. These build systems view a software project as a group of interdependent modules and perform regression test selection at the module level. However, many large software projects have imprecise dependency graphs that lead to wasteful test executions. If a test belongs to a module that has more dependencies than the actual dependencies of the test, then it is executed unnecessarily whenever a code change impacts those additional dependencies. In this paper, we formulate the problem of wasteful test executions due to suboptimal placement of tests in modules. We propose a greedy algorithm to reduce the number of test executions by suggesting test movements while considering historical build information and actual dependencies of tests. We have implemented our technique, called TestOptimizer, on top of CloudBuild, the build system developed within Microsoft over the last few years. We have evaluated the technique on five large proprietary projects. Our results show that the suggested test movements can lead to a reduction of 21.66 million test executions (17.09%) across all our subject projects. We received encouraging feedback from the developers of these projects; they accepted and intend to implement a80% of our reported suggestions.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with type 1 monoclonal cryoglobulinemia.

We describe a series of 102 patients diagnosed from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2015 with Type 1 monoclonal cryoglobulinemia (MoC). Symptoms were seen in 89 (87%) patients, including: cutaneous symptoms in 64 (63%) patients, with purpura (n = 43, 42%) and ulcers/gangrene (n = 35, 34%) being most common; neurological findings in 33 (32%) patients, most frequently sensory neuropathy (n = 24, 24%); vasomotor symptoms, mainly Raynaud’s phenomenon in 25 (25%); arthralgias in 24 (24%); and renal manifestations, primarily glomerulonephritis in 14 (14%) patients. An underlying lymphoproliferative disorder was identified in 94 (92%) subjects; MGUS—39, myeloma—20, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma—21 and others—14. Treatment was initiated in 73 (72%) patients, primarily for cryoglobulinemia-related symptoms in 57. Treatment regimens consisted of: steroids 6-alkylating agents in 29 (40%), novel myeloma therapies in 16 (22%), rituximab with alkylating agents in 12 (16%) and rituximab ± steroids in 11 (15%) patients; 22 patients received plasmapheresis. Six patients underwent autologous stem cell transplant. Cryocrit at treatment initiation, change in cryocrit and time to nadir cryocrit were predictive of symptom improvement. Treatment directed toward the underlying clonal disorder resulted in improvement (n = 47) or stabilization (n = 16) of symptoms in the majority of patients and disappearance of cryoglobulin in over one-half.
Genetic Variation at the Sulfonylurea Receptor, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

Despite widespread clinical use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the impact of sulfonylurea therapy on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain. Studies of naturally occurring genetic variation can be used to anticipate the expected clinical consequences of a pharmacological therapy. A common missense variant in the gene encoding a component of the sulfonylurea receptor (ABCC8 p.A1369S) promotes closure of the target channel of sulfonylurea therapy and is associated with increased insulin secretion, thus mimicking the effects of sulfonylurea therapy. Using individual-level data from 120,286 participants in the UK Biobank and summary association results from four large-scale genome-wide association studies, we examined the impact of this variant on cardiometabolic traits, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. The p.A1369S variant was associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% CI 0.91, 0.95; P = 1.2 × 10-11). The variant was associated with increased BMI (+0.062 kg/m2; 95% CI 0.037, 0.086; P = 8.1 × 10-7) but lower waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI, a marker of abdominal fat distribution. Furthermore, p.A1369S was associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 5.9 × 10-4). These results suggest that, despite a known association with increased weight, long-term sulfonylurea therapy may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Abstract T P147: Estimating the Effect of Antidepressant Use on Stroke Risk in the Presence of Competing Risks: A Simulation Study

Introduction: Research on determinants of stroke must account for competing risks (events, such as death, that preclude subsequent stroke). Fine and Gray competing risk regression models are increasingly used in place of traditional Cox proportional hazards models to account for competing risks, but may not always provide clinically relevant estimates. Hypothesis: Even when antidepressant use has no effect on stroke risk, both Fine and Gray and Cox models can yield spurious associations if antidepressants affect mortality. Methods: We simulated data (50 simulations) on 3000 individuals followed for up to ten years with biennial assessments of stroke status. We considered two scenarios. In both scenarios, we set antidepressant use to have no effect on stroke risk. In Scenario 1, we set antidepressant use to increase mortality (HR (hazard ratio)=2.00). In Scenario 2, we set antidepressant use to decrease mortality (HR=0.50). Results: In Scenario 1, the average stroke incidence rate was 16.5/1,000 person years and the average mortality rate was 33.9/1,000 person years. Even though antidepressants had no effect on stroke in the simulations, both Fine and Gray (average HR=0.69) and Cox (average HR=0.83) models estimated protective effects of antidepressants on stroke. Fine and Gray models incorrectly rejected the null hypothesis in 22% of simulations and Cox models incorrectly rejected the null hypothesis in 10% of simulations. In Scenario 2, the average incidence rate was 16.9/1,000 person years and the average mortality rate was 31.3/1,000 person years. Even though antidepressants had no effect on stroke in the simulations, both Fine and Gray (average HR=1.22) and Cox (average HR=1.09) models estimated protective effects of antidepressants on stroke. Fine and Gray models incorrectly rejected the null hypothesis in 20% of simulations and Cox models incorrectly rejected the null hypothesis in 8% of simulations. Conclusions: For exposures that affect mortality, both Cox models and Fine and Gray corrections can yield misleading results regarding effects on stroke risk. This is important for interpreting findings on controversial topics, such as the effect of antidepressants on stroke.
Pharmacokinetics of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice and enhancement of bioavailability by other dietary factors

5403 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has shown cancer preventive activity in animal models. The bioavailability of EGCG in the most commonly used animal species, mice, is poorly understood. We have determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of EGCG in the mouse and compared these parameters with those of other studies in humans and rats. Following administration of EGCG, at 10 mg/kg, i.v. or 75 mg/kg, i.g., the peak plasma levels of EGCG in male CF-1 mice were 2.7 μM and 0.28 μM, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of EGCG in mice following administration of EGCG (75 mg/kg, i.g.) was 26.5%. This is higher than that previously reported in the rat. EGCG was present in the unconjugated form in the lung, prostate, and other tissues at levels of 0.31 –3.56 nmol/g following intravenous administration. Whereas intragastric administration resulted in lower levels in most tissues, compared to intravenous administration (e.g. 0.006 vs. 2.66 nmol/g in the lung), the levels in the small intestine and colon were high, at 45.2 and 7.86 nmol/g respectively. When the AUC was normalized to the dose, and the present data compared with that of previous studies of humans and rats, it was apparent that humans and mice were more similar in terms of EGCG bioavailability than either was to the rat. However, whereas EGCG was found to be 50 –80% glucuronidated in the plasma of mice, it has been shown to be largely in the free form in humans. Co-treatment of mice with EGCG and a second dietary component, either piperine or curcumin, increased plasma levels of EGCG by 3.0- and 2.5-fold, respectively compared to animals given only EGCG. Piperine appeared to inhibit gastrointestinal transit of EGCG resulting in an increased absorptive period for EGCG. This was manifest in the increased residency of EGCG in the small intestine and delayed appearance in the colon. Accumulation studies with HT-29 cells showed that co-treatment with EGCG (10 μM) and curcumin (20 μM) resulted in a 2-fold increase in intracellular concentrations of EGCG and its methylated and glucuronidated metabolites compared to cells treated only with EGCG. Co-treatment of cells with EGGC and piperine at similar concentrations did not increase the overall intracellular concentrations of EGCG and its metabolites. Rather, piperine co-treatment resulted in a decrease in EGCG-4“-glucuronide and a concomitant increase in 4”-O-methly EGCG. The present studies demonstrate that there are important species differences between humans, rats, and mice in terms of EGCG bioavailability, and indicate that the mouse may represent the better model to study EGCG bioavailability. Further, these studies indicate that active transport and intestinal transit time are important factors in determining EGCG plasma levels. Modulation of these factors by other dietary components may be helpful in improving EGCG bioavailability.
Leukocytosis: Neutrophilia, Basophilia, and Blasts

White blood cells (WBCs) are generally classified into two groups based on the density of granules: granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes). The granulocytes contain azurophilic primary granules (lysosomes) and specific secondary granules and can be subdivided into neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils depending on the shape of the nucleus and type of granules. The agranulocytes contain only azurophilic granules and include lymphocytes and monocytes. The specific granules have specific functions and bind neutral, basic, or acidic components of the dye mixture. All granulocytes differentiate from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow; the bone marrow also serves as a ssite of maturation and a storage pool for granulocytes. In the bone marrow of healthy individuals, all stages of granulocytes (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band forms, and mature granulocytes) are observed. Following egress from the bone marrow, granulocytes circulate in the blood vessel (the “circulating pool”) or are adherent to vascular endothelium (the “marginated pool”) and finally migrate into the tissue (the “tissue pool”).
Relationship of Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness to Physical Activity Levels of Elementary School Children.

Because of the continued increase in obesity rates and decrease in children’s physical activity and fitness levels, this study investigated the relationship between habitual physical activity and perceived competence, enjoyment of physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness among upper elementary school children. This study used the FitnessGram PACER test to measure children’s cardiorespiratory fitness, the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates (CPAC) to measure perceived competence and enjoyment of physical activity, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire–Children (PAQ-C) to measure habitual physical activity. Results of a forced-entry multiple regression demonstrated that each predictor variable significantly predicted physical activity. The results of bivariate correlations also exhibited significant results. Enjoyment, perceived competence, and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively correlated with physical activity. These results support previous research and have many implications on elementary students. This study demonstrates that enjoyment is a significant variable in getting children to engage and persist in physical activity, providing support for the youth physical activity promotion model. These results provide support that school physical education programs need to be restructured to promote enjoyment and physical activity more effectively, ultimately to improve overall physical fitness in today’s youth.Subscribe to TPE
Self-Acceptance and Chronic Illness

Diagnosis with a chronic medical condition can be an extraordinary stressor. As an individual adjusts to living with a chronic illness, often his or her understanding of self changes and evolves to include this new element. Psychologically this may present an intense challenge to adjustment, which may then impact how the illness is managed and perhaps the course of the disease itself. In this chapter, the concepts of self and self-acceptance within the context of chronic illness will be described. This description will be embedded in psychological, contextual science in order to examine the factors that contribute to self-acceptance in chronic illness, with an eye toward ways in which psychological interventions may improve functioning and self-acceptance in individuals with chronic disease.
Using Feedback to Improve Clinical Education of Nursing Students in an Academic-Practice Partnership

Abstract There is growing evidence to support partnerships between academic and practice institutions. In one of the Veterans Affairs Nursing Academic Partnerships (VANAP), nurses supervised undergraduate nursing students during the clinical practicum of acute care courses. To evaluate the partnership, faculty solicited feedback from nurses, clinical site leaders, and students. In this quality improvement project, feedback, in the form of written questionnaires and informal debriefing, was collected over four years at the end of sophomore and junior courses. Six site leaders, 71 students, and 34 nurses provided feedback. Common themes were: (1) all participants valued faculty presence during the clinical day, (2) students benefited from being paired with the same nurse throughout the course, (3) clinical teaching associates and site leaders suggested students be present for entire 12-hour shifts, and (4) clinical teaching associates, desired more training to address student needs. Several changes were made using this feedback: piloting a 12-hour shift and providing nurses with in-services on strategies to coach nursing students. Follow-up feedback showed high levels of satisfaction with these changes. Collecting feedback from students and staff provides guidelines for changing educational practices. Implementing changes based on the feedback strengthens partnerships, supports student learning needs, and improves student experiences.
Tetrahydrobenzothiophenone derivatives as a novel class of adenosine receptor antagonists.

A novel class of non-nitrogen-containing heterocycles, the tetrahydrobenzothiophenones, was found to bind to adenosine receptors as antagonists in the micromolar range. Affinity was determined in r...
Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Herein, we present an efficient method that can be executed with basic laboratory skills and materials to assess lymphocyte chemokinetic movement in an ex vivo transmigration system. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and CD4+ T helper cells were isolated from spleens and lungs of chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. We confirmed the expression of CCR4 on both CD4+ T cells and ILC2, comparatively. CCL17 and CCL22 are the known ligands for CCR4; therefore, using this ex vivo transmigration method we examined CCL17- and CCL22-induced movement of CCR4+ lymphocytes. To establish chemokine gradients, CCL17 and CCL22 were placed in the bottom chamber of the transmigration system. Isolated lymphocytes were then added to top chambers and over a 48 h period the lymphocytes actively migrated through 3 µm pores towards the chemokine in the bottom chamber. This is an effective system for determining the chemokinetics of lymphocytes, but, understandably, does not mimic the complexities found in the in vivo organ microenvironments. This is one limitation of the method that can be overcome by the addition of in situ imaging of the organ and lymphocytes under study. In contrast, the advantage of this method is that is can be performed by an entry-level technician at a much more cost-effective rate than live imaging. As therapeutic compounds become available to enhance migration, as in the case of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic immune cells, or to inhibit migration, perhaps in the case of autoimmune diseases where immunopathology is of concern, this method can be used as a screening tool. In general, the method is effective if the chemokine of interest is consistently generating chemokinetics at a statistically higher level than the media control. In such cases, the degree of inhibition/enhancement by a given compound can be determined as well.
Influence of Photoperiod and Minimum Overwintering Temperature on Growth of Nursery Liners

Ten woody plant species were rooted during the summer with half of each species overwintered at 4°C (40°F) and half at 18°C (65°F) minimum night temperature. Half of the plants in each temperature ...
Fractional spectrogram for characterizing and classifying vibrating objects in SAR images

A recently developed improved spectrogram that uses the discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFRFT) is used to retrieve the vibration signature that represents targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The retrieved signature is used as input to a feature extraction process, which characterizes the vibration waveform using the DFRFT as well as histograms and statistics. The study of the performance of two classifiers, one trained with features extracted from vibration measurements and the other trained with feature extracted from simulated SAR data generated from the same vibration measurements, validates the suitability of the DFRFT-based spectrogram for retrieving and characterizing the dynamics of vibrating objects in SAR images.
High-protein rice flour in the development of gluten-free muffins

Gluten-free (GF) products are on the rise due to their perceived healthiness. Hypoallergenic rice flour is typically used in GF products. New rice varieties with greater protein were recently developed. Physicochemical and sensory properties of white and brown high-protein rice flours (HPRFs) and muffins were compared to commercial rice flours. Sensory color of white high-protein rice muffin was favored. Other attributes were not statistically different between samples. HPRF muffins had greater frequencies of "just about right" levels for muffin crumbliness, moistness, and softness than the commercial control. Purchase intent was greater for both HPRF muffins than commercial brown rice muffins. Purchase intent increased further by 9% to 12%, after information that the products were gluten free and made with naturally higher protein rice flour was displayed. This information could be used to market GF food products if increased protein ingredient claims are included. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows that greater protein content rice flour can be used to make gluten-free (GF) muffins that are acceptable to consumers. Analysis and application of higher protein rice flours could contribute to a large-scale use in GF baked goods that may aim to naturally increase nutritional value. This research also shows that purchase intent increases when the greater protein content and gluten free is stated. This information can be used for GF product development and marketing of these products.
Atomic cooperation in enhancing magnetism: (Fe, Cu)-doped CeCo5

Abstract Developing permanent magnet alloys with decreased critical elements (e.g., Nd, Dy, and Co) requires identifying compositions and structures with uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), large magnetization, and a high ferromagnetic transition temperature (Curie temperature - TC). One approach to minimizing the critical elements in potential permanent magnet alloys is to use overly produced Ce, which is less critical. Furthermore, reducing Co content in RCo5 (R = Rare Earth) alloys is necessary since Co is also a critical element. An obvious choice for decreasing Co content is a substitution with non-critical Fe. However, the Fe is not stable in the lattice due to the reduced number of d-electrons. Concomitant substitution of Cu stabilizes Fe substitution. Employing first-principles electronic structure theory, we identify the weakly localized nature of cobalt in CeCo5, which causes high uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of ∼10 MJ/m3. In contrast, substituted Cu delocalizes the Co’s 3d-states, resulting in lower anisotropy. Calculations show that 10% Cu can stabilize 20% Fe subsituted for Co, which significantly enhances magnetic moment in the Ce (Co, Fe, Cu)5. This prediction is in good agreement with a single-crystal experiment in which the optimal composition was identified to be 15% of Fe and 12% Cu. The competitive non-equivalent Co sites preferred by Cu and Fe, a unique electronic structure including exchange and crystal field splitting, and rigid band shift variation are borne by 3d states of Co, Fe, and Cu around the Fermi level, all play an essential role in tuning the magnetic properties.
Chapter 13 – Phylum Rotifera

Encompassing >2000 species, rotifers are microscopic zooplankton with short (∼1 to a few weeks) lifespans. In the ecosystem, they transfer energy from their prey (e.g., bacteria, algae, protists, and other rotifers) to their predators (e.g., larval fish), thereby linking the microbial loop with the classic food web. Cryptic speciation and diversity of life history strategies, including asexual, sexual, and cyclically parthenogenetic reproduction, recommends their use for studying basic ecological themes such as the basis for discriminating species, and the interplay of dispersal and biogeography. Rotifers inhabit a range of systems unified by the presence of water, but even in temporarily dried or frozen regimes rotifers can persist as dormant stages. Molecular tools and sequencing are resolving decades-old debates of the phylogenetic position of Rotifera and even of species within the phylum, complementing classic approaches of morphological-based species identification. From a practical standpoint, rotifers are important in aquaculture and ecotoxicological studies.
Restorative Approaches to Discipline and Implicit Bias: Looking for Ways Forward

Less punitive alternatives to exclusionary discipline such as restorative justice are gaining in popularity in schools. These approaches take a more positive, relationship-based, problem-solving approach to discipline, focused on improving behavior by building community and belongingness, and eschewing exclusionary discipline for most infractions. However, if we fail to address implicit bias, we can expect the racial discipline gap to remain, regardless of the behavioral interventions put in place. We review a few promising studies that may help us to understand how to alleviate implicit bias in school decision-making.
Understanding and Improving Reliability for Wafer Level Chip Scale Package: A Study Based on 45nm RFSOI Technology for 5G Applications

Wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) is true chip scale package with low cost by eliminating package substrate. The direct chip-to-board attach through solder joints provides low interconnect inductance and resistance, as well as improved thermal performance. These properties make WLCSP a packaging format well suited for 5G radio frequency (RF) applications where minimized package size and parasitics as well as thermal performance are critical. Due to the dissimilar properties between chip and board, the reliability of WLCSP can be challenging. This article reports a reliability study of WLCSP using 45nm RFSOI technology for 5G RF applications. Dedicated test chips and boards were designed and used for board level reliability tests. The test vehicles passed bHAST and drop test, whereas it is found that temperature cycling on board (TCoB) is challenging for solder joint reliability in some cases. Thorough tests were carried out based on Kelvin test on specially designed individual bump and bump pair structures and developed fail criterion. Finite element modeling was adopted to simulate the reliability performance in different configurations. The impact on reliability performance from bump depopulation, die thickness, bump size, UBM to board pad alignment, and board wiring trace were thoroughly investigated. Based on comprehensive testing and deep understanding of the failure mechanisms, design optimizations for chip, board and interconnect were implemented. WLCSP reliability was significantly improved.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Characterization of Myocardial Architecture

Advances in technology have made it possible to image the microstructure of the heart with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance. The technique provides unique insights into the cellular architecture of the myocardium and how this is perturbed in a range of disease contexts. In this review, the physical basis of diffusion MRI and the challenges of implementing it in the beating heart are discussed. Cutting edge acquisition and analysis techniques, as well as the results of initial clinical studies, are reported.
Are Judgments About Auditor Liability Influenced by Audit Committee Expertise and Independence

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) required that firms disclose whether their audit committee has at least one independent financial expert. This study examines whether the independence and expertise of audit committee members lower the exposure of external auditors to legal liability. We use an experiment where potential jurors make judgments about auditor independence and legal liability for a case that involves an audit failure. We find that audit committee independence is associated with judgments of increased auditor independence and lower legal liability. However, exposure to legal liability is highest when audit committee financial expertise is high but independence from management is low, consistent with the perception that powerful audit committee members can use their influence opportunistically.
Spring-applied triclopyr mixtures for bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) suppression in Louisiana sugarcane

Sugarcane infested with bermudagrass and harvested as seed cane introduces the potential for weedy propagules to reinfest fields. Research was conducted in 2018 and 2019 following sugarcane harvest for seed cane to evaluate bermudagrass management with photosystem II (PSII)- and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)–inhibiting herbicides applied alone or mixed with triclopyr. Combinations of diuron at 2.8 kg ha–1 with clomazone at 1.5 kg ha–1 or triclopyr at 1.1 kg ha–1 and hexazinone at 0.74 kg ha–1 with triclopyr applied early POST (EPOST) in mid-February injured bermudagrass 85% to 86%, and injury was greater than diuron or hexazinone alone (16% and 10%) in mid-March. Bermudagrass injury decreased to 45% to 56% for these combination treatments by April; however, injury differences were similar to the earlier rating. Late POST (LPOST) mid-March application of these treatments indicated similar bermudagrass injury trends when evaluated in early April. By mid-May, however, no treatment resulted in greater than 18% bermudagrass injury. Clomazone plus diuron applied LPOST resulted in 19% sugarcane injury by early April; however, all other treatments resulted in 7% sugarcane injury or less. In mid-May, a mid-April EPOST application of topramezone at 0.025 kg ha–1 plus triclopyr at 1.1 kg ha–1 resulted in 62% bermudagrass injury, which was equivalent to that observed with other topramezone rates in this combination (0.012 and 0.037 kg ha–1) (54% to 60%). Bermudagrass injury from triclopyr mixed with mesotrione (32%) or triclopyr mixed with atrazine, mesotrione, and S-metolachlor (47% to 55%) resulted in bermudagrass injury similar to that with topramezone plus triclopyr (54% to 62%). Data showed the flexibility of triclopyr when mixed with several HPPD- or PSII-inhibitor herbicides for bermudagrass management in a Louisiana sugarcane cropping system. Greater flexibility in application timing for HPPD-inhibitor herbicides than for PSII-inhibitor herbicides (diuron or hexazinone), and mixed with triclopyr, may suppress bermudagrass POST in April and May with minimal sugarcane injury.
Mental Health Service Use Among Middle-aged and Older Lesbians: Application of Andersen's Health Service Use Model.

Guided by Andersen’s Health Service Use Model, this study examined the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of MH service use among middle-aged and older lesbians. Data were collected from 455 ...
Methods for Quantitative Assessment of Protein Degradation.

Assessment of small molecules that promote selective protein degradation (degraders) requires detailed characterization and measurement of protein levels in cells. Here we describe ratio-metric methods based on a dual fluorescent GFP/mCherry reporter system to quantify cellular protein levels. We further develop a kinetic framework for the analysis of such data. We describe two methods of generating the stable GFP-protein of interest (POI)/mCherry reporter cell lines, alternative readout methods by FACS and Laser Scanning Cytometry as well as the corresponding tools used for processing and analysis of such data. Finally, we show that the commonly used half-maximal degradation constant (DC50) or maximum degradation efficacy (Dmax) metrics are time-dependent and propose a time-invariant Michaelis-Menten-like analysis of degradation kinetics with analogous key parameters Km app and Vmax app.
A Comparison of Pharmaceutical Prices for Generic ED and BPH Medication in Two Socioeconomically Disparate New York City Neighborhoods

AbstractPurpose:Erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are frequently managed with medications. Variability and poor understanding of medication prices have been shown to ...
Patterns of Failure in Men With Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer: A Post-Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT Imaging Trials.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The advent of novel nuclear medicine imaging modalities, such as prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT), has significantly impacted the ability to localize disease in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). However, the topography of recurrence in men with radiorecurrent disease remains poorly understood. MATERIALS/METHODS This was a post-hoc analysis of men from two prospective studies of PSMA PET/CT for radiorecurrent prostate cancer, previously treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT), who had detailed clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics available and at least one PSMA PET/CT finding. Patterns of failure were defined as local-only (intraprostatic or seminal vesicle), nodal (regional lymph node with or without local failure), and distant (with or without local or nodal failures). Univariable multinomial logistic regression (UVA) was performed to evaluate predictors of nodal or distant recurrence vs. local only, and subsequent multivariable analyses (MVAs) were conducted including only variables with P < 0.1 on UVA. Variables evaluated included years since radiation, post-radiation nadir PSA, PSA at time of PSMA, initial disease features (cT stage, iPSA, Gleason grade group), and treatment variables (type of radiation, use of ADT, use of whole pelvis radiotherapy). RESULTS There were 118 patients included in this study. Of these 118 patients, 17 (14%) were initially diagnosed with low-risk, 61 (52%) with intermediate-risk, and 40 (34%) with high-risk PCa. Median time since RT was 4.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.5-7.4 years), and median PSA at time of PSMA was 4.9 ng/mL (IQR, 2.7-9.6). Local only failures were seen in 47 patients (40%), regional failures (without distant failures) in 23 patients (19%), and distant failures in 48 patients (41%). On UVA, higher iPSA and higher PSA at time of PSMA were associated with regional recurrence, while shorter interval from RT, higher Gleason grade, higher initial PSA, and higher PSA at time of PSMA were associated with distant disease. On MVA, only PSA at time of PSMA remained significant for distant recurrence (P = 0.003) and trended toward significance for regional recurrence (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Nearly 40% of patients with radiorecurrent prostate cancer have local-only recurrences on PSMA imaging, while another 40% have distant disease. PSA at the time of PSMA imaging is a significant predictor of distant recurrence. Prospective studies evaluating salvage treatment approaches that integrate PSMA imaging data are warranted, and imaging at a lower PSA threshold should be considered.
Introduction to Orthogonal Transforms: With Applications in Data Processing and Analysis

A systematic, unified treatment of orthogonal transform methods for signal processing, data analysis and communications, this book guides the reader from mathematical theory to problem solving in practice. It examines each transform method in depth, emphasizing the common mathematical principles and essential properties of each method in terms of signal decorrelation and energy compaction. The different forms of Fourier transform, as well as the Laplace, Z-, Walsh–Hadamard, Slant, Haar, Karhunen–Loeve and wavelet transforms, are all covered, with discussion of how each transform method can be applied to real-world experimental problems. Numerous practical examples and end-of-chapter problems, supported by online Matlab and C code and an instructor-only solutions manual, make this an ideal resource for students and practitioners alike.
Dispersion Measurement in Open Channels

The true longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients can be computed with time-concentration data collected in a two-dimensional tracer plume, which originated from an instantaneous point source. This fact can be of significant help in reducing the physical effort and the cost of field measurements. An empirical formula has been developed from flume data which is superior to the deterministic formulas derived for dispersion coefficient prediction. The same type of formula may be useful in prototype streams. There is not sufficient data presently available to adequately determine the utility of the empirical formula for use on prototypes.
Cell Polarity and Morphology

Cell responses to stimuli in their environments are sensitive, selective and tem porally or- dered. One of the most frequent responses is an induction of polarity, or asymmetric morphology, in one or more regions of the cell. Establishment and maintenance of cell polarity are requisite to the differentiation and development of organisms and to many cellular functions (1), including cell motility, localized membrane growth, vectorial transport across cell layers and activation of immune response mechanisms. The ultimate morphology of a cell is determined by a progression of events through three temporally ordered stages: 1) determination of the site(s) of origin of the alteration in morphology; 2) establishment of polarity; and 3) maintenance (or reversal) of the polarized state.