cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Homeward bound: an analysis of patients discharged home from an oncologic intensive care unit.

Abstract Purpose The objectives of our study were to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients discharged home directly from an oncologic intensive care unit (ICU) and their 30-day hospital readmission patterns. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed ICU discharges over 3 years (2008-2010) and identified patients who were discharged directly home. Demographic, clinical, ICU discharge, and 30-day hospital readmission and mortality rates were analyzed. Results Ninety-five patients (3.6%) were discharged home directly from the ICU (average annual rate of 3.9%). ICU diagnoses primarily included respiratory insufficiency, sepsis, cardiac syndromes, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Home discharge occurred most commonly between Thursday and Saturday. Five (5.3%) patients, including 2 hospice patients, died within 30 days of ICU home discharge. Thirty (31.6%) patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The unplanned 30-day readmission rate was 23.2% (22/95) with a median time to hospital readmission of 13 (8-18) days. Most (64%) of the unplanned readmissions were related to the initial ICU admission. Conclusions Home discharge of ICU patients at our institution is infrequent but consistent. Almost one third of these patients were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. Enhancements to the ICU home discharge process may be required to ensure optimal post-ICU care.
Nocturnal surface temperature distribution as remotely sensed from low-flying aircraft

Abstract The relationship of the nocturnal surface temperature to gently undulating terrain is examined. Surface temperatures are inferred from radiation, measured from low-flying aircraft. Terrain curvature is found to be an important topographical variable for explaining the surface temperature distribution.
Comparison of ballistic transport characteristics of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MX 2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) n-MOSFETs

We study the transport properties of monolayer transition metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) using an atomistic tight-binding full-band ballistic quantum transport simulations, with hopping potentials obtained from density functional theory. We discuss the subthreshold slope (SS), drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), as well as gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) for different monolayer MX2 MOSFETs. We also report the possibility of negative differential resistance to the extent quasi-ballistic transport exists in such nanostructure TMD MOSFETs.
Interpreted and generated signals

Abstract Private information is typically modeled as signals. A joint probability distribution captures relationships between signals and between signals and relevant variables. In this paper, we define and contrast two types of signals: generated and interpreted . We demonstrate that even though the standard assumption of conditional independence is a reasonable benchmark assumption for generated signals, it imposes a specific, and unlikely structure on interpreted signals. We also show that independent interpreted signals are negatively correlated in their correctness, but generated signals can be independent. Our findings may limit the contexts in which many models of information aggregation and strategic choices in auctions, markets, and voting apply.
How can your parasites become your allies

Although parasitic infection is usually detrimental, it can be beneficial to the host in some situations. Parasites could help their host by providing a new function or modifying one of the host's life-history traits. We argue that the evolution towards a lasting mutualistic relationship would be more likely when parasites endow hosts with new abilities rather than alter a trait because hosts are less likely to evolve a new capability on their own than adjust their life history by microevolutionary steps. Furthermore, we underline how evolved dependence – the host's loss of ability to live alone owing to a long history of evolution in the presence of its parasites – has shaped contemporary mutualistic relationships.
Guided ion beam studies of reactions of alkaline earth ions with O2

The endothermic reactions of Mg^+ and Sr^+ with O_2 are studied in a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. Analysis of the reaction thresholds are used to obtain 0 K bond dissociation energies of MgO^+ (2.50 ± 0.10 eV) and SrO^+ (3.47 ± 0.06 eV), which are compared with other literature values. Analysis of these reaction cross sections and those previously published for the reaction of Ca^+ with O_2 [E.R. Fisher, J.L. Elkind, D.E. Clemmer, R. Georgiadis, S.K. Loh, N. Aristov, L.S. Sunderlin, and P.B. Armentrout, J. Chem. Phys., 93 (1990) 2676] suggests that there are both thermodynamic and impulsive reaction pathways. The latter play an increasingly important role in the reaction dynamics as the mass of the alkaline earth ion increases.
Constitutive Equations for Solid Propellants

Mechanical behavior of the Space Shuttle redesigned solid rocket motor (RSRM) propellant is studied from a phenomenological point of view. Motivated by the study of the experimental data three initially isotropic constitutive models have been developed. All models represent the effect of strain rate, superimposed hydrostatic pressure, and cyclic loading on the stress and dilatation response of the material. A particular emphasis is given to the prediction of volume dilatation. The model resulting in the best representation of the available data is calibrated using only a few tests. The predictions of the model are compared with experiments for several loading conditions not used in the calibration.
Meaning and Modernisation

Modernisation, whatever else it involves, is always a moral and a religious problem. If it has sometimes been hailed as an exhilarating challenge to create new values and meanings it has also often been feared as a threat to an existing pattern of values and meanings. In either case the personal and social forces called into play have been powerful.
Functional Disability among the Puerto Rican Elderly

This article reports data on the functional status of elderly Puerto Ricans derived from a recent large-scale household survey of this group in the New York metropolitan area. A comparison of our findings on Puerto Ricans to national data on Black and White elderly reveals that Puerto Ricans are significantly more disabled than either Blacks or Whites. When the demographic factors and the English language disadvantage that distinguish Puerto Ricans from both Blacks and Whites are taken into account, our estimate of the effect of race/ethnicity on disability is reduced (from eta = .29, p < .001 to beta = .16, p < .001), but a considerable effect remains. The data suggest that older Puerto Ricans are at high risk for dependency, and that within this population, persons whose lack of English severely limits their capacity to interact with the environment are at particular risk.
Some Suggestive Evidence on the Operation of Semantic Generation and Satiation in Group Discussions

A reanalysis of data of Hogenraad from an unstructured discussion group suggested the operation of semantic generation and satiation in theme selection.
Inhibition of adriamycin‐induced human platelet lipid peroxidation by vitamin E

Adriamycin® is an important cancer chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is compromised by potentially lethal cardiotoxicity. In the mouse, cardiotoxicity is related to the peroxidation of cardiac lipids. Both phenomena, however, can be reduced by pretreatment of the animal with vitamin E. Using the platelet as our model we have demonstrated that Adriamycin induces lipid peroxidation of human platelets in a dose-dependent manner. Platelet malonyldialdehyde (MDA) production was used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Adriamycin at 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml produced 1.40 ± 0.2 (1 SD), 2.23 ± 0.41, 4.23 ± 0.4, and 6.13 ± 0.43 nmoies MDA per 109 platelets, respectively. Vitamin E both in vitro and in vivo inhibited this lipid peroxidation. In vitro, vitamin E at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/ml inhibited platelet MDA formation by 14 ± 2, 29 ± 5, and 38 ± 6%, respectively. In six controls who ingested 1,600 units vitamin E daily for two weeks, platelet MDA formation induced by N-ethyl maleimide, thrombin, and Adriamycin was decreased by 11-20%. In similar studies, the ingestion of 10 grains acelyl salicylic acid (ASA) also inhibited platelet lipid peroxidation induced by these same agents. ASA and vitamin E were not additive in their inhibition of MDA formation induced by N-ethyl maleimide or thrombin. They were additive, however, in their inhibition of Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation, which suggests that the effect of vitamin E on Adriamycin-induced platelet lipid peroxidation is not due to inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. In the light of these observations on the inhibitory effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in human platelets, further studies appear warranted on the clinical effects of E in inhibiting cardiac lipid peroxidation and concomitant cardiotoxicity in humans on Adriamycin therapy.
Characterization of the potential well of a deep-level defect using field dependence of the thermal carrier emission rate

Abstract The electric field enhanced thermal emission rate was measured for the E c -0.35 eV level of GaAs using a new reverse-bias pulsed DLTS technique. It is shown that the observed field and its temperature dependencies are probably the result of the Poole-Frenkel emission from a polarization potential well. From this study and with other annealing and the capture cross-section data, it is concluded that the defect is probably of a neutral-impurity type.
Enhanced VK3+ center afterglow in MgAl2O4 by doping with Ce3+

Abstract Ceramic samples of Ce3+-doped and undoped MgAl2O4 have been prepared and studied. Persistent phosphorescence of lifetime longer than 10 h has been observed at 520 nm in the Ce3+-doped sample. We have identified the long persistence as arising from VK3+ centers in MgAl2O4. The VK3+ center is a hole trapped at a divalent site. The VK3+ emission results from the recombination of electrons from the conduction band with holes located at the VK3+ centers 2.4 eV below the MgAl2O4 conduction band. Thermoluminescence spectra of the two samples have also been studied. Thermoluminescence peaks in the undoped MgAl2O4 sample are found at 41°C (0.43 eV) and 238°C (0.92 eV), and have been identified as arising from an electron and a hole trap, respectively. Doping with Ce3+ leads to the formation of two additional thermoluminescence peaks, at 14°C (0.3 eV) and 131°C (0.45 eV), both related to electron traps. The Ce3+ ions greatly enhance the afterglow by increasing the population of trapped electrons and holes.
Noncollagenous Proteins of a Rat Dentin Matrix Possessing Bone Morphogenetic Activity

An insoluble preparation of rat dentin matrix was shown to possess bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity, i.e. the capacity to induce the formation of cartilage and bone when implanted intramuscularly. Since BMP activity was previously attributed to noncollagenous proteins (NCP) of bone and dentin, the nature of NCP of the rat dentin was examined. After treatment of the matrix with purified bacterial collagenase, three NCP were solubilized concomitantly with digestion of the dentin collagen to smaller peptides. The three proteins were separated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Two of the NCP were rich in aspartate, glutamate, glycine, serine, and alanine, and thus displayed compositions similar to acidic proteins of other connective tissues. The third NCP was shown by amino acid composition to be the aspartate, serine-rich phosphoprotein, which occurs mostly in a soluble form in rat dentin. This observation supports the view that a portion of dentin phosphoprotein is firmly bound.
A Physical Resource Management Approach to Minimizing FPGA Partial Reconfiguration Overhead

An important aspect of partial reconfiguration is reconfiguration overhead, which normally includes the run-time reconfiguration time and the static reconfiguration data storage space. Both of these costs are directly related to the size of the physical partial reconfiguration file. In this paper, the structure of partial reconfiguration bitstream file is exploited at the frame granularity level to develop a novel approach to minimize this problem. The structural features of the bitstream file are used to manage physical area resources to reduce the partial reconfiguration bitstream size. In this approach, instead of relying on the design tools' random placement, most of the logic resources are predetermined at specific physical positions based on several principles. The proposed methodology is evaluated on the Virtex II Pro platform. The result shows file sizes can be reduced up to 30% on a variety of designs compared to non-area managed configurations. The experiments also imply that even higher rates of reduction can be achieved on larger designs.
Hemi-retinal attention under conditions of color rivalry

Human Ss viewed stimulus arrays of color patches such that two instances of color rivalry were simultaneously present. That is, two patches of different color were present, one each in each of the left halves of the two ocular fields, and at the same time, rival patches were also present in the two right halves. As would be expected, binocular percepts often corresponded to predominance of one or the other of the two eyes. On other occasions, however, Ss reported percepts which indicated simultaneous predominance of the nasal halves or, more often, of the temporal halves of the two retinas.
Protein S confers neuronal protection during ischemic/hypoxic injury in mice.

Background— Protein S is an antithrombotic factor that also exhibits mitogenic activity. Thus, we hypothesized that protein S may control cerebrovascular thrombosis in stroke and protect brain tissue from ischemic injury. Methods and Results— We studied protein S in a murine in vivo model of stroke and an in vitro model of neuronal hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Animals received purified human plasma–derived protein S or vehicle intravenously 10 minutes after initiation of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Protein S at 0.2 to 2 mg/kg significantly improved the motor neurological deficit by 3.8- to 3.2-fold and reduced infarction and edema volumes by 45% to 54% and 45% to 62%, respectively. Protein S at 2 mg/kg improved postischemic cerebral blood flow by 21% to 26% and reduced brain fibrin deposition and infiltration with neutrophils by 40% and 53%, respectively. Intracerebral bleeding was not observed with protein S. Protein S protected ischemic neurons in vivo and cultured neurons...
Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Review of the Synthetic Routes and Materials Properties

The synthetic routes and materials properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites are reviewed. The nanocomposite formation is achieved in two ways: either by using functionalized polypropylenes and common organo-montmorillonites, or by using neat/unmodified polypropylene and a semi-fluorinated organic modification for the silicates. All the hybrids can be formed by solventless melt-intercalation or extrusion, and the resulting polymer/inorganic structures are characterized by a coexistence of intercalated and exfoliated montmorillonite layers. Small additionstypically less than 6 wt %of these nanoscale inorganic fillers promote concurrently several of the polypropylene materials properties, including improved tensile characteristics, higher heat deflection temperature, retained optical clarity, high barrier properties, better scratch resistance, and increased flame retardancy.
A Kr-BrH global minimum structure determined on the basis of potential morphing

The ν 1 , ν 1 + ν 2 1, and ν 1 + 2ν 2 0 rovibrational spectra of 8 4 Kr:H 7 9 Br and 8 4 Kr:H 8 1 Br are reported using highfrequency wavelength modulation near-infrared diode-laser continuous-wave (cw) supersonic-jet spectroscopy. This information has been combined with previously recorded results from a ground-state microwave analysis and used to determine a scaled and shifted morphed potential that is based on the transformation of an ab initio potential in a nonlinear least-squares fit to the available experimental data. The morphed potential is consistent with a collinear Kr-BrH global minimum structure with R c m = 3.88 A that is 23 ′ 3 cm - 1 more stable than the minimum associated with the collinear Kr-HBr isomeric form, which has R c m = 4.27 A. Thus, the Kr:HBr system has a ground-vibrational-state isomeric structure that differs from the global minimum energy structure, a result that is similar to that found in the Ar:HBr dimer.
Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes.

Death by suicide occurs in a disproportionate percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), with a standardized mortality ratio indicating a 57-fold greater risk of death from suicide relative to an age-matched cohort. Longitudinal studies indicate impaired social functioning increases risk for fatal outcomes, while social impairment persists following recovery. Study of social cognition in AN may elucidate impaired processes that may influence therapeutic efficacy. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are overrepresented in those who evidence a chronic course. Relative to that in AN, social information processing in ASD is well characterized and may inform systematic study in AN. This article (a) reviews impaired interpersonal processes in AN, (b) compares the phenotype of AN with that of ASD, (c) highlights deficits of social cognitive disturbance in ASD relative to AN, and (d) proposes a new framework to understand the interaction of individuals with AN with their social context.
Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Plates Under Ambient and Cryogenic Conditions

Methods for structural health monitoring are now being assessed, especially in high-performance, extreme environment, safety-critical applications. One such application is for composite cryogenic fuel tanks. The work presented here attempts to characterize and investigate the feasibility of using imbedded piezoelectric sensors to detect cracks and delaminations under cryogenic and ambient conditions. Different types of excitation and response signals and different sensors are employed in composite plate samples to aid in determining an optimal algorithm, sensor placement strategy, and type of imbedded sensor to use. Variations of frequency and high frequency chirps of the sensors are employed and compared. Statistical and analytic techniques are then used to determine which method is most desirable for a specific type of damage and operating environment. These results are furthermore compared with previous work using externally mounted sensors. More work is needed to accurately account for changes in temperature seen in these environments and be statistically significant. Sensor development and placement strategy are other areas of further work to make structural health monitoring more robust. Results from this and other work might then be incorporated into a larger composite structure to validate and assess its structural health. This could prove to be important in the development and qualification of any 2nd generation reusable launch vehicle using composites as a structural element.
Remarriage, Delayed Marriage, and Black/White Intermarriage, 1968–1995

How have changes in marriage order and marriage timing affected 1968–1995 trends in United States Black/White intermarriage? Researchers usually follow a one-sex perspective on the effects of timing and marriage order on marital selection, arguing that delayed marriages and remarriages will be more heterogamous than early or first marriages. This paper shows that a one-sex perspective is oversimplified and that assortative marriage with respect to race depends on the interaction of both husband’s and wife’s characteristics. Marriages that match with respect to age or marriage order tend to also match with respect to race. First marriages and remarriages for both partners are more likely to be same-race marriages. Marriages that are intermarriages with respect to marriage order are more likely to also be intermarriages with respect to race. Marriages that are usual age combinations (husband and wife similar in age or husband slightly older) are also usual race combinations (husband and wife same race). Marriages that are unusual age combinations are more likely to be racial intermarriages. This paper also shows that trends in remarriage patterns do not account for the increasing trend in racial intermarriage and that trends in marriage timing have actually slowed increases in racial intermarriage.
Operational Thought and the Acquisition of Taxonomic Relations Involving Figurative Dissimilarity.

Atypical exemplars of taxonomic categories (e.g., clothing, furniture) differ from more typical exemplars along figurative dimensions of perceptual and contextual similarity. The advent of operational thought might be expected to facilitate category acquisition because it engenders a competence to suppress figurative dissimilarities and focus on nonfigurative similarities (e.g., common function). Age- and grade-equivalent preoperational and concrete operational groups were given oddity, sort, and category membership tasks with pictorial stimuli. Concrete operational subjects showed a greater appreciation than preoperational subjects for taxonomic relations involving atypical exemplars. Subjects of both cognitive levels could appreciate taxonomic relations involving strictly typical or moderately typical exemplars of a category. Results are interpreted as supporting a contention that meanings become more general with the emergence of operational thought. Superordinate concepts are abstract organizations such as clothing, furniture, fruit, and animal, having basic object concepts (e.g., skirt, pants; chair, table; apple, banana; bird, fish) as exemplars. The basic object level of a conceptual hierarchy is the most inclusive level at which the exemplars of a concept share a large number of features (Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson,
Arbitrary Geometry Cellular Automata for Elastodynamics

This study extends a recently-developed [1] cellular automata (CA) elastodynamic modeling approach to arbitrary two-dimensional geometries through development of a rule set appropriate for triangular cells. The approach is fully object-oriented (OO) and exploits OO conventions to produce compact, general, and easily-extended CA classes. Meshes composed of triangular cells allow the elastodynamic response of arbitrary two-dimensional geometries to be computed accurately and efficiently. As in the previous rectangular CA method, each cell represents a state machine which updates in a stepped-manner using a local “bottom-up” rule set and state input from neighboring cells. The approach avoids the need to develop partial differential equations and the complexity therein. Several advantages result from the method’s discrete, local and object-oriented nature, including the ability to compute on a massively-parallel basis and to easily add or subtract cells in a multi-resolution manner. The extended approach is used to generate the elastodynamic responses of a variety of general geometries and loading cases (Dirichlet and Neumann), which are compared to previous results and/or comparison results generated using the commercial finite element code, COMSOL. These include harmonic interior plate loading, uniform boundary traction, and ramped boundary displacement. Favorable results are reported in all cases, with the CA approach requiring fewer degrees of freedom to achieve similar accuracy, and considerably less code development.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
STABLE ISOTOPES IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: ASSUMPTIONS, CAVEATS, AND A CALL FOR MORE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

For decades, plant ecologists have used naturally occurring stable isotope ratios to disentangle ecological and physiological processes. The methodology can also become a very powerful tool in animal ecology. However, the application of the technique relies on assumptions that are not widely recognized and that have been rarely tested. The purpose of this communication is to identify these assumptions, to characterize the conditions in which they are not met, and to suggest the laboratory experiments that are needed to validate them. The ease with which isotopic data can be gathered and the growing popularity of the method are generating a large amount of data on the isotopic ecology of animals. The proper interpretation of these data demands that we identify the assumptions on which these inferences are based, and that we conduct comparative laboratory experiments to assess their validity.
Perspectives of Schooling through Karaoke: A Metaphorical Analysis

This paper plays with education through the analogy of karaoke to tease out the instructions of a situated educational practice. Here, Cremin's conceptualization of education as a deliberate, systematic and sustained effort is employed as a starting point to enable an understanding of educational practice between members elicited by karaoke. Using Garfinkel's ethnomethodological framework, the paper investigates modes of education through karaoke practice as part of the ‘live’ narrative, that of instructing and being instructed with the ‘curriculum’ of the event at hand.
Localization of substance P immunoreactivity in phrenic primary afferent neurons

Abstract Retrograde tracing with a fluorescent dye (Fast Blue) combined with immunohistochemistry was used to localize the putative neurotransmitter, substance P, in phrenic primary afferent neurons. Fast Blue was injected into the diaphragm and was found to label phrenic primary afferent neurons in sections from the fifth and sixth cervical dorsal root ganglia. The same sections were then treated with antiserum to substance P. A total of 11.4% of labelled phrenic primary afferent neurons contained substance P immunoreactivity. The diameters of the neurons ranged between 17 to 45 μm with a mean size of 27.7±0.7 μ m (N=81). The results suggest that substance P could be involved in mediating the transmission of sensory information from the diaphragm to the CNS.
Corruption from a cross‐cultural perspective

Purpose – Because cultures operate in very different ways, different activities are corrupting in different parts of the world. Taking the view that corruption is an activity that tends to undermine a cultural system, this paper aims to examine this issue.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes real‐life situations in Japan, Taiwan, India, China, North America, sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Korea to distinguish actions that structurally undermine a cultural system from those that are merely inefficient or are actually supportive.Findings – Cultures have fundamentally different behavioral norms due to their different conceptions of human nature. They can be broadly classified as rule‐based and relationship‐based, distinguished by the fact that behavior is regulated primarily by respect for rules in the former and authority figures in the latter. Corrupting behavior differs around the world partly because of different norms, and partly because cultural systems break down in different way...
Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. III. Estimation using only canopy reflectance data as illustrated by the suits model

Abstract The technique for estimating agronomic and spectral parameters for a vegetation canopy from the canopy reflectance (CR) data, described earlier (Goel et al., 1984), has been improved. These improvements are twofold: first, one can now, in principle, estimate various parameters using only CR data, in the infrared band, for a set of solar/view angles; second, the method is now computationally much more efficient. These improvements are illustrated via Suits' model. An analysis of the sensitivity of the calculated agronomic and spectral parameters to changes in the CR is also carried out. This analysis suggests that, in general, for expected levels of errors in the measurement of CRs and the accuracy with which the Suits model is likely to represent CR, one is unlikely to be able to estimate agronomic parameters like leaf area index (LAI) and average leaf angle (ALA) using only measured CR data. Such a determination will likely require ancillary data on the reflectance and transmittance of vegetation elements and on the soil reflectance.
Big bang nucleosynthesis with independent neutrino distribution functions

We have performed new big bang nucleosynthesis calculations, which employ arbitrarily specified, time-dependent neutrino and antineutrino distribution functions for each of up to four neutrino flavors. We self-consistently couple these distributions to the thermodynamics, the expansion rate, and scale factor-time/temperature relationship, as well as to all relevant weak, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear reaction processes in the early Universe. With this approach, we can treat any scenario in which neutrino or antineutrino spectral distortion might arise. These scenarios might include, for example, decaying particles, active-sterile neutrino oscillations, and active-active neutrino oscillations in the presence of significant lepton numbers. Our calculations allow lepton numbers and sterile neutrinos to be constrained with observationally determined primordial helium and deuterium abundances. We have modified a standard big bang nucleosynthesis code to perform these calculations and have made it available to the community.
Shoulder arthrography for determination of size of rotator cuff tear.

One hundred eight shoulder arthrograms were performed in 105 patients who subsequently underwent surgical repair of a rotator cuff tear. Eighty-seven were single-contrast arthrograms and 21 were double-contrast studies; three or more views were used for all shoulders. Four readers independently evaluated the arthrograms (two orthopaedic surgeons and two radiologists). The size of the rotator cuff tear could be categorized into one of four groups with accuracy in only 56% of the cases; however, the fear size was identified with accuracy or within one size category in 96% of the shoulders studied.
Online information retrieval interface with traditional reference services

This paper deals with the interaction of traditional reference work and the new services generated by online information retrieval capabilities. It offers a rationale for providing these services in the context of a library setting and assesses their impact on the library environment. It describes some of the problems which resulted from this absorption such as staff reactions, added workloads, user acceptance etc. The librarians' influence on future prospects is also examined.
Three Complement-like Repeats Compose the Complete α2-Macroglobulin Binding Site in the Second Ligand Binding Cluster of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein

Abstract Given the importance of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) as an essential endocytosis and signaling receptor for many protein ligands, and of α2-macroglobulin (α2M)-proteinase complexes as one such set of ligands, an understanding of the specificity of their interaction with LRP is an important goal. A starting point is the known role of the 138-residue receptor binding domain (RBD) in binding to LRP. Previous studies have localized high affinity α2M binding to the eight complement repeat (CR)-containing cluster 2 of LRP. In the present study we have identified the minimum CR domains that constitute the full binding site for RBD and, hence, for α2M on LRP. We report on the ability of the triple construct of CR3-4-5 to bind RBD with an affinity (Kd = 130 nm) the same as for isolated RBD to intact LRP. This Kd is 30-fold smaller than for RBD to CR5-6-7, demonstrating the specificity of the interaction with CR3-4-5. Binding requires previously identified critical lysine residues but is almost pH-independent within the range of pH values encountered between extracellular and internal compartments, consistent with an earlier proposed model of intracellular ligand displacement by intramolecular YWTD domains. The present findings suggest a model to explain the ability of LRP to bind a wide range of structurally unrelated ligands in which a nonspecific ligand interaction with the acidic region present in most CR domains is augmented by interactions with other CR surface residues that are unique to a particular CR cluster.
A case of EUS-guided FNA-related pancreatic cancer metastasis to the stomach.

c a m t p p F c s EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) has become a useful diagnostic and staging tool in the care of patients with pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS-FNA for pancreatic neoplasms have been reported to be 64% to 85% and 90% to 100%, respectively.1 The overall compliation rate of EUS-FNA has been reported to be 1% in arge centers.2 The risk for potential peritoneal tumor seeding appears to be much lower in EUS-FNA than with percutaneous sampling.3,4 In the English-language literaure, only 3 cases of EUS-FNA–related needle-tract seeding f tumor cells have been reported. We report a unique ase of needle-tract seeding and management in a patient ith a history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Manufacturing process of self-luminous glass tube utilizing tritium gas: Experimental results for DB construction

As the first step of Self-luminous Glass Tube (SLGT) mass production and DB construction, the characterization and the optimization of a phosphor coating were attempted by using a cathodoluminescence (CL) device. The experiment was divided into three parts: measurement of the relative luminance at various exciting conditions, measurement of the absolute luminance at 4 keV, and a degradation experiment. The relative luminances were measured at various conditions with different phosphor thicknesses, energies and current densities. Regardless of the energies, as the current density increased, and the thickness decreased, the relative luminance increased. The absolute luminance was measured at only 4 keV. Absolute luminance at other energies was estimated from relative luminance data by using a conversion factor calculated from absolute and relative luminance measured at 4 keV. We tried to estimate the expected life of SLGT, which is limited by the reduction of the phosphor efficiency and the amounts of tritium, by additional degradation experiments under severe conditions. The luminance of a 10 Μm film was much higher than that of a 20 and 45 μm at the initial stages. On the other hand, the decreasing rate of the luminance at 10 μm was more drastic than that of a 20 and 45 μm. We could see burnt-out spots only on the 10 μm samples. The other samples (20 and 45 μm) were not showing any burnt-out spots
Management of Peyronie's disease with penile prostheses

Peyronie's disease is a common malady affecting men mostly between the ages of 40 and 60. When penile curvature and erectile softening are present and the erectile dysfunction does not respond to Viagra a penile implant will strengthen and usually straighten the penis. If curvature persists after implant placement 'modeling' the erect penis will successfully achieve straightening in most patients. Plaque incision and grafting or a Nesbit procedure are rarely necessary to straighten the penis but will afford excellent results when employed. A thorough explanation of the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease and effects of the disease and treatment on penile size will help avoid some of the disappointment seen when a shorter erection occurs.
EFFECT OF SPRAY SANITATION TREATMENT AND GASEOUS ATMOSPHERES ON THE STABILITY OF PREPACKAGED FRESH BEEF

Acetic acid (4%) solution reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the microbial load on the surface of the beef short loins. Steaks cut from spray sanitized loins had significantly (P < 0.05) lower microbial counts than steaks from control loins. Statistical analysis revealed that the acetic acid spray sanitation did not adversely affect color desirability, color score of the prepackaged beef steaks or cause any discoloration. Hence, this could be employed under normal processing conditions to reduce the surface contamination and to retard microbial growth on the surface of steaks cut from beef short loins. Gaseous atmosphere containing 15% CO2 plus 85% O2 was significantly (P < 0.05) effective in controlling the growth of microogranisms on the surface of the prepackaged beef steaks and in maintaining the desirable bright red color of fresh prepackaged beef steaks for at least 20 days.
Massive Parallel Sequencing of Leukemia Samples Using a Custom Designed Cancer Gene Mutation Panel

Leukemia is the result of accumulation of somatic mutations including point mutations, copy number variations, and chromosomal abnormalities. Since multiple mutations can be present in a given leukemia genome, a technology that can detect many mutations in different genes simultaneously is desirable. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow deep sequencing of numerous mutations and multiple samples at the same time. Among NGS technologies, targeted sequencing is appealing in clinical oncology due to its shorter turnaround time, lower costs, and simpler data analysis compared to whole genome or whole exome sequencing. We introduce here a new panel specific for leukemia using multiplex PCR followed by ion semiconductor deep sequencing technologies. The leukemia panel covers 48 genes and can detect over 3,200 leukemia-associated mutations, many of which are clinically actionable mutations. Twenty-five samples were used to validate the panel on different sample types, including blood, bone marrow, FFPE and cell free DNA. The uniformity of coverage was about 87.75% for all cases. The average depth of coverage for targeted region was more than 3000X and the mean 100X coverage of targeted mutations was 97.07%. The mutation panel detected mutations in NPM1, TP53, ABL1, JAK3, IDH1, IDH2, KRAS etc in these samples with as little as 20 ng DNA and the positive rate was about 56%. The most commonly mutated genes were: TP53 (7 cases) followed by CEBPA (3 cases), NPM1 (3 cases). Overall, the leukemia panel showed improved coverage uniformity, reading length and depth compared to certain commercially available kits. The turnaround time for the test can be as short as 3 to 5 days, which fits the needs of personalized oncology. Furthermore, samples can be multiplexed using barcoding, which leads to tremendous increase of sequencing efficiency and decrease of cost while maintaining the high quality of sequencing results. CNVs Provide the Clue for a Cryptic t(5;11) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Gene Expression Profiling in Pediatric Heart Transplant Rejection

Purpose Gene expression profiling (GEP) has demonstrated utility in identifying heart transplant (HTx) patients at increased risk for acute rejection (AR) in adult populations. GEP has not been well studied in pediatric HTx patients whose immune system function may differ from adults. Improved understanding of alterations in gene expression between AR and quiescence may be beneficial in pediatric HTx recipients. Methods and Materials Blood samples were prospectively collected from pediatric HTx recipients (aged 1-18 years) who had undergone transplant at least six months prior to enrollment. Samples were collected over one year, at six month intervals and at time of AR. Acute rejection was defined as clinically indicated augmentation of immunosuppression which in some patients was accompanied by abnormal echocardiogram or biopsy. GEP of 84 genes in the inflammatory cascade (chemokines, cytokines and their receptors) was performed on peripheral mononuclear lymphocytes by commercially available PCR (Illumina Biosciences) array. Expression profiles were analyzed with the commonly used Significant Analysis of Microarray (SAM). Comparison was within individual at time of AR and quiescence. The genes that differentially expressed with and without AR were identified by controlling the false discovery rates at 5%. Results Gene expression profiling was conducted on 17 blood samples (AR and quiescent) from five subjects. A total of 47331 transcripts from the 84 genes were analyzed. Expression levels of defensin family of genes were significantly higher at the time of at AR than at the time of quiescence. This pattern was consistent in 3 of 5 subjects. Conclusions Gene expression profiling holds promise in identifying specific regulatory pathways or gene families with differential activity at times of AR in pediatric HTx recipients. The gene family identified in this study is different from those identified in adult HTx recipients. Further study could lead to improved ability to modulate immunosuppression and/or predict impending AR.
Opioid treatment of experimental pain activates nuclear factor-κB

Objective: To determine the independent and combined effects of pain and opioids on the activation of an early marker of inflammation, nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B). Design: NF- κ B activation was compared within-subjects following four randomly ordered experimental sessions of opioid-only (intravenous fentanyl 1 μg/kg), pain-only (cold-pressor), opioid + pain, and a resting condition. Setting: University General Clinical Research Center. Participants: Twenty-one (11 female) healthy controls. Interventions: Following exposure to treatment (fentanyl administration and/or cold-pressor pain), blood samples for NF-kB analysis were obtained. Main outcome measures: Intracellular levels of activated NF- κ B, in unstimulated and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 15 and 30 minutes. Results: Neither pain nor opioid administration alone effected NF- κ B levels in cell populations; however, the combination of treatments induced significant increases of NF- κ B in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Conclusions: The combination of acute pain with opioids, as occurs in clinical situations, activates a key transcription factor involved in proinflammatory responses.
Detecting and Isolating Malicious Routers

Network routers occupy a unique role in modern distributed systems. They are responsible for cooperatively shuttling packets amongst themselves in order to provide the illusion of a network with universal point-to-point connectivity. However, this illusion is shattered - as are implicit assumptions of availability, confidentiality, or integrity - when network routers are subverted to act in a malicious fashion. By manipulating, diverting, or dropping packets arriving at a compromised router, an attacker can trivially mount denial-of-service, surveillance, or man-in-the-middle attacks on end host systems. Consequently, Internet routers have become a choice target for would-be attackers and thousands have been subverted to these ends. In this paper, we specify this problem of detecting routers with incorrect packet forwarding behavior and we explore the design space of protocols that implement such a detector. We further present a concrete protocol that is likely inexpensive enough for practical implementation at scale. Finally, we present a prototype system, called Fatih, that implements this approach on a PC router and describe our experiences with it. We show that Fatih is able to detect and isolate a range of malicious router actions with acceptable overhead and complexity. We believe our work is an important step in being able to tolerate attacks on key network infrastructure components
Performance of DØ detector in Run II

� Springer-Verlag / Societa Italiana di Fisica 2004 Abstract. The DO experiment, upgraded for Run II, has resumed data taking with a much improved detector. The upgrade components and their performance are described. PACS. 29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors - 29.40.Vj Calorimeters
FoCs: Automatic Generation of Simulation Checkers from Formal Specifications

For the foreseeable future, industrial hardware design will continue to use both simulation and model checking in the design verification process. To date, these techniques are applied in isolation using different tools and methodologies, and different formulations of the problem. This results in cumulative high cost and little (if any) cross-leverage of the individual advantages of simulation and formal verification.
An efficient and fault-tolerant solution for distributed mutual exclusion

In this paper, we present an efficient and fault-tolerant algorithm for generating quorums to solve the distributed mutual exclusion problem. The algorithm uses a logical tree organization of the network to generate tree quorums, which are logarithmic in the size of the network in the best case. Our approach is resilient to both site and communication failures, even when such failures lead to network partitioning. Furthermore, the algorithm exhibits a property of graceful degradation, i.e., it requires more messages only as the number of failures increase in the network. We describe how tree quorums can be used for various distributed applications for providing mutually exclusive access to a distributed resource, managing replicated objects, and atomically commiting a distributed transaction.
Symmetric sign patterns with maximal inertias

The inertia of an n by n symmetric sign pattern is called maximal when it is not a proper subset of the inertia of another symmetric sign pattern of order n. In this note we classify all the maximal inertias for symmetric sign patterns of order n, and identify symmetric sign patterns with maximal inertias by using a rank-one perturbation.
Hepatic and Extrahepatic Mixed-Function Oxidases

The sections in this article are: 1 Types of Mixed-Function Oxidase Reactions 2 Characteristics of Microsomal Electron Transport Chain 2.1 Cytochrome P-450 2.2 Substrate-Induced Difference Spectra 2.3 Cytochrome P-450 Reductase 2.4 Reconstituted Microsomal Enzyme Systems 3 Extrahepatic Mixed-Function Oxidase Activity 3.1 Lung 3.2 Kidney 3.3 Gastrointestinal Tract 3.4 Placenta 3.5 Skin 3.6 Adrenals 3.7 Miscellaneous Organs 4 Hepatic and Extrahepatic Mixed-Function Oxidase Activity in Perinatal Period 5 Induction of Hepatic and Extrahepatic Mixed-Function Oxidase Activity 6 Hormonal Regulation of Hepatic and Extrahepatic Mixed-Function Oxidases 7 Mixed-Function Oxidase Activity in Human Beings 7.1 Drug Interactions 8 Conclusion
Image attributes: A study of scientific diagrams

In recent years, advancements in imaging technology have fostered a dramatic increase in user access to digital images. In accordance with this trend, greater emphasis has been placed on efforts to develop adequate indexing and retrieval methods for image databases. However, lacking a detailed basis upon which to derive such methods, relevant efforts are often developed based upon an inconsistent set of general theories and assumptions regarding user needs and search strategies. Citing the realistic need for an empirical basis to address these issues, recent efforts have focused upon human subject testing as a means to ascertain the general attributes humans use when describing certain images. The following paper details the preliminary results of a relevant effort to explore the attributes naive subjects use to describe scientific diagrams. Results of this investigation are intended to expand the current subset of images explored through this methodological approach, as well as explore the importance of certain image attributes across different types of visual representations.