cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A pregnant adolescent: negotiating a difficult journey to adulthood.

Keywords: Attachment; failure to thrive; postpartum depression; sexual abuse; therapeutic relationship
Development of Composite Quality Measures

Statistical construction specifications based on multiple quality characteristics frequently use pay equations that include a separate term for each of the quality characteristics so that the resultant pay adjustment is a function of the combined effect of all quality measures. An alternate method that can be used to accomplish the same purpose is to base the pay equation on a single quality measure that is a composite of the individual quality measures. The latter approach, because it keys the various decision-making steps to a single performance indicator, simplifies the procedure and offers several practical advantages. It is believed that this approach makes significant strides toward the ultimate goal of developing quality assurance procedures that are at the same time technically sound, fair and effective, and easy to understand and apply. Examples of a two-variable case for hot-mix asphalt pavement and a general three-variable case are presented.
Intermodulation components of the visual evoked potential: responses to lateral and superimposed stimuli.

Nonlinear interactions in the human visual system were studied using visual evoked potentials (VEPs). In one experiment (superimposed condition), all segments of a dartboard pattern were contrast reversed in time by a sum of two sinusoidal signals. In a second experiment (lateral condition), segments in some regions of the dartboard pattern were contrast reversed by a single sinusoid of one frequency, while segments in other (contiguous) regions of the pattern were contrast reversed by a single sinusoid of another frequency. An identical set of ten frequency pairs was used in each experiment. The frequency pairs were chosen such that the difference between frequencies in each pair was 2 Hz. Amplitudes and phases of the sum and difference frequency components of the VEP (intermodulation terms) were retrieved by Fourier analysis and served as measures of nonlinear interactions. The use of input pairs with a fixed separation in frequency enabled the estimation of the temporal characteristics of the visual pathways prior to a second linear stage. The use of superimposed and lateral conditions revealed antagonistic contributions to the VEP, possibly reflecting direct-through excitatory and lateral inhibitory pathways, respectively.
Partial and total replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and brewer's grains with yeast in practical diets for Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

Three feeding studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of total replacement of fish meal (FM) with a combination of soybean meal (SBM) and brewer’s grains with yeast (BGY) in diets for two separate strains of juvenile Australian red claw crayfish. In Experiment 1, three practical diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (40% protein) and isocaloric (4.0 kcal available energy/g diet) and contained either 25%, 10%, or 0% fish meal. Variable percentages of SBM (35%, 46.8%, and 79.8%, respectively) and BGY-35 (0%, 30%, and 5%, respectively) replaced the fish meal. In Experiments 2 and 3, four practical diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (40% protein) and isocaloric (4 kcal available energy/g diet) containing 24% or 0% fish meal. Diet 1 contained 24% fish meal, 23% SBM, and 0% BGY-35. A variable percentage of SBM (56.75%, 47.75%, and 40.75%, respectively) and BGY-35 (10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively) replaced the fish meal in the remaining three diets. In Experiment 1, after 8 weeks, juvenile red claw fed all three diets had no significant difference (P>0.05) in final weight, percentage weight gain, or survival, which averaged 7.90 g, 3848%, and 83%, respectively. In Experiment 2, after 8 weeks, juveniles fed all four diets had no significant difference in final weight, percentage weight gain, or specific growth rate which averaged 11.46 g, 977%, and 3.08%/day, respectively. Percentage survival was not significantly different among treatments and averaged 79%. In Experiment 3, after 8 weeks, juvenile red claw fed all four diets had
Democracy and Integration: Why Democracies Don't Fight Each Other*

While a large and growing literature has emerged which investigates the impact of the expansion of democracy on foreign policy and international politics, much of it has been characterized by insufficient attention to theoretical and conceptual clarity. To address such problems, this article is an exercise in concept clarification. It stresses that the democratic peace is a subset of the processes and results of integration, that it fits within an integration framework, and that it works according to processes already identified by integration theory which permits the synthesis of a number of 'contending' explanations for the democratic peace. As part of this argument, the article also stresses the transparent nature of democracy, emphasizing the importance of the mutual perceptions of two democracies, that the other is clearly a democracy. Finally, this article reminds scholars that the focus of the democratic peace proposition is on war. While it is important to explore our theories in terms of their extension to other conflictual phenomena, we must be careful in specifying exactly what these relationships
A Review of Tolerability and Abuse Liability of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid for Insomnia in Patients With Schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Approved therapeutic uses for γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) (or sodium oxybate), a γ-aminobutyric acid type B and GHB receptor agonist, include narcolepsy in the United States and Europe and alcohol abuse treatment in Italy. Possible efficacy of GHB in schizophrenia has also been proposed. A tolerability concern regarding use of GHB is its abuse potential. Given the high comorbidity of substance disorders and schizophrenia, a systematic assessment of the published literature is crucial. Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the tolerability and abuse liability of GHB in the context of future clinical studies as a potential treatment for insomnia in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A literature search in English (inception through April 2009, inclusive) was conducted of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO using the search term GHB . All articles whose abstracts mentioned human use of GHB were read in their entirety. The reference sections of identified articles were reviewed for publications that might have been missed by the initial search. Results: GHB is abused by a small percentage of people ( Conclusions: Tolerability and abuse liability issues, while a concern with GHB given its abuse potential, do not preclude further study of the potential use for insomnia in nondually diagnosed schizophrenia. Full cognizance must be taken of risk/benefit tradeoffs, and to the development of improved formulations with decreased abuse liability.
Dual-edge triggered sense amplifier flip-flop for resonant clock distribution networks

A dual-edge sense amplifier flip-flop (DE-SAFF) for resonant clock distribution networks (CDNs) is proposed. The clocking scheme used to enable dual-edge triggering in the proposed SAFF reduces short circuit power by allowing the precharging transistors to be switched on only for a portion of the clock period. The extracted circuit layout of the proposed DE-SAFF has been simulated in STMicroelectronics 90 nm technology with a resonant clock signal at a frequency of 500 MHz. Simulation results show correct functionality of the flip-flip under process, voltage and temperature variations. Two low-power clocking techniques, the dual-edge triggering method and the emerging resonant (sinusoidal) clocking technique, have been combined to enable further power reduction in the CDN. Modelling the resonant clock distribution system with the proposed flip-flop illustrates that dual-edge triggering can achieve up to 58% reduction in the power consumption of resonant clock networks.
Cultural Issues in the Treatment of Young African American Children Diagnosed With Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Objective: To discuss issues relevant to treating young African American children with disruptive behavior disorders. Method: We treat behavior disorders, correlates of behavior disorders, and special differences between African American and Caucasian children that could lead to or explain behavior problems. Discussion: The majority of the information on young children diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders has been obtained primarily from Caucasian children and families. Unfortunately, this reliance on Caucasian data neglects the unique needs of minorities and may lessen the quality of the services that they receive. Omission of ethnic concerns becomes even more salient with the increasing ethnic diversity among children and families in the United States. Conclusions: We suggest future research and clinical directions that will ultimately assist clinicians to provide high-quality mental health services to African American children.
Silicon-Based Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers

1 Introduction 2 Silicon-Based Dendrimers 3 Silicon-Based Hyperbranched Polymers 4 Concluding Remarks Keywords: silicon-based dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers; carbosilane dendrimers; functionalization and core functionalization; carbosilazane dendrimers; silicon-based hyperbranched polymers; hyperbranched poly(carbosiloxanes); ferrocene-terminated carbosilane dendrimer; organosilicon dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers
Bayesian generalized monotonic functional mixed models for the effects of radiation dose histograms on normal tissue complications

When treating cancer patients with radiation therapy, the normal tissue in an organ close to the tumour usually receives some dose of radiation. The dose is not of the same intensity throughout the organ. This radiation can cause normal tissue complications, so for treatment planning purposes, it is important to understand the relationship between the distribution of dose intensities in the organ and the occurrence of complications. One general summary measure of the dose effect is obtained by integrating a weighting function (w(d)) over the dose distribution. The weighting function w(d) should be monotone for biological reasons. Because the true shape of w(d) is not known, we estimate it non-parametrically subject to the monotonicity constraint. In our approach w(d) is written as a weighted sum of monotone basis functions. The weights in this sum are formulated as a mixture of point mass at zero and a Gamma random variable. A key feature of our method is that it allows for flat regions through the use of this mixture prior. The model is estimated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We illustrate our method with data from a head and neck cancer study in which the irradiation of the parotid gland results in loss of saliva flow.
Computing the Iwasawa decomposition of a symplectic matrix by Cholesky factorization

Abstract We obtain an explicit Iwasawa decomposition of the symplectic matrices, complex or real, in terms of the Cholesky factorization for positive definite n × n matrices.
Effective cross-section distribution of anisotropic piezocomposite actuators for wing twist

The twist actuation of piezocomposite actuators embedded in a composite wing is numerically investigated. Parametric analysis of the actuation authority is conducted for wing cross sections with double and triple cells, considering different distributions of anisotropic piezocomposite actuators. The variational asymptotic beam cross-sectional (VABS) analysis is used to compute the airfoil stiffness, actuation force and mass properties. As a result, the regions with the highest specific actuation are determined and a cost-effective way of adding active material to the cross section is proposed. Results indicate that 50% of the maximum mass penalty associated with the addition of active plies is responsible for generating approximately 80% of the maximum available induced twist.
ETHNOGRAPHY AND PROCESS CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONS: METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN A CROSS-CULTURAL, BILINGUAL, GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED CORPORATE PROJECT

We detail an ongoing, consultancy partnership, where ethnographic field methods are being used to elucidate the work practices of software engineers in a large organization. We focus on intellectual and logistical challenges that we face as a team – non-collocation; widely varying experience of ethnographic methods, local language and culture; and conflicting responsibilities and lines of accountability. We consider the social spheres in which our team members operate and the sociality of our team as a whole. As ethnographic teams are increasingly considered de rigueur within corporations for cultural translation in the face of globalization, the issues we face are likely to become more commonplace.
OVERSTORY-IMPOSED HETEROGENEITY IN SOLAR RADIATION AND SOIL MOISTURE IN A SEMIARID WOODLAND

We thank Clif Meyer, Susan Johnson, Katherine Dayem, Laura Campbell, Robert Lucero, Teng-Chiu Lin, Diana A. Heisler, Kathy E. Lee, and Chris Heil for research assistance; John W. Nyhan for precipitation data; Mary Lu Breshears for editorial assistance; Shawki A. Ibrahim, William K. Lauenroth, and F. Ward Whicker for guidance; and Craig D. Allen, Christopher Field, Geoffrey M. Henebry, Bruce T. Milne, Bradford P.Wilcox, and an anonymous reviewer for their very helpful reviews. This work was supported by the Los Alamos National Environmental Research Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory Environmental Restoration Project, Kansas Applied Remote Sensing Program, the Kansas Biological Survey, and the University of Kansas Research Development and General Research Funds.
RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE INJECTION OF PLACENTA INTO ANIMALS OF THE SAME AND OF DIFFERENT SPECIES

The injection of rabbits' placenta into rabbits produces no isoprecipitins. From the incomplete experiments performed it would appear that placental injections into animals of the same species cause no changes in the generative organs. Further research into this question will be pursued. The injection of human placental nucleo-proteid, prepared from placental tissue made nearly blood free, does not produce an antiserum. This result confirms the conclusions of Pearce and Jackson, that nucleo-proteids act merely as mild toxic agents, without specific qualities. The injection, into rabbits, of human placental tissue, rendered practically blood-free, fails to produce any specific reaction. This confirms the view that the serum reaction following the injection of cells into a foreign organism is largely due to the blood contained in the injected tissues. The injection into rabbits, of the human placenta, made nearly blood-free, produces a weak " human reaction " which can be demonstrated by the reactions for precipitin, deflection of complement, agglutinin, and hemolysis. No specific placental reaction can be shown. This is in strict accord with the view that cytotoxines are not specific; that there is no morphological specificity. The anti-sera obtained showed no cytolytic action; therefore no specific syncytiolytic action could be demonstrated. If the information obtained in this investigation is applied to the theory of Halban, it will be noted that no experimental proof of the specific action of placental tissue upon the female generative organs could be demonstrated. The number of experiments performed, bearing upon this one point, were however too few to permit of a definite and final opinion. The work dealing with Veit's ingenious hypothesis was more complete and carried out by many methods, which would necessarily act as a check upon one another. As the results of all these experiments were in complete harmony, I feel justified in making a positive statement that no experimental proof of a specific placental immune reaction can be demonstrated by our present biological methods. Whether Veit's hypothesis, thus deprived of its biological proof, must in consequence be discarded, is a question which I do not consider myself competent to answer.
Reduced Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury with Isoproterenol in Non-Heart-Beating Donor Lungs

Transplantation of lungs retrieved from non-heart-beating donors could expand the donor pool. Recent studies suggest that the ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) to the lung can be attenuated by increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of IRI on capillary permeability, as measured byKfc, in lungs retrieved from non-heart-beating donors and reperfused with or without isoproterenol (iso). Using anin situisolated perfused lung model, lungs were retrieved from non-heart-beating donor rats ventilated with O2or not at varying intervals after death. The lungs were reperfused with or without iso (10 μM).Kfc, lung viability, and pulmonary hemodynamics were measured, and tissue levels of adenine nucleotides and cAMP were measured by HPLC. Iso-reperfusion decreasedKfcsignificantly (P< 0.05) compared to non-iso-reperfused groups at all postmortem ischemic times, irrespective of preharvest ventilation status. Pulmonary arterial pressures and resistances increased and venous resistances decreased with iso-reperfusion. Total adenine nucleotide (TAN) levels correlated withKfcin non-iso-reperfused (r= 0.65) and iso-perfused (r= 0.84) lungs. cAMP levels increased significantly with iso-reperfusion. cAMP levels correlated withKfc(r= 0.87) in iso-reperfused lungs. Iso-reperfusion of lungs retrieved from non-heart-beating donor rats results in decreased capillary permeability and increased lung tissue cAMP levels. Pharmacologic augmentation of tissue TAN and cAMP levels may further ameliorate the increased capillary permeability seen in lungs retrieved from non-heart-beating donors.
SPARC-null Mice Exhibit Lower Intraocular Pressures

PURPOSE. SPARC is a matricellular protein that is highly expressed in remodeling tissues, including the trabecular meshwork and ciliary body. The hypothesis for the study was that SPARC contributes to the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). The IOPs of SPARC-null mice, their corresponding wildtype (WT), and heterozygous animals were compared. METHODS. Diurnal and nocturnal IOPs of C57Bl/6x129SvJ WT, SPARC-null, and heterozygous mice were measured. Fluorophotometric measurements were made to assess aqueous turnover. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using histology, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography. Iridocorneal angles were examined using light microscopy (LM). RESULTS. During the day, the mean IOP of SPARC-null mice (n 142, 16.9 2.4 mm Hg) was lower than that of both WT mice (n 104, 19.9 2.9 mm Hg; P 10 12 ), and heterozygotes (n 38, 19.3 2.5 mm Hg; P 10 4 ). At night, SPARC-null mice also exhibited a blunted increase in IOP in comparison to WT and heterozygous mice. CCTs were not significantly different between WT and SPARC-null mice. Heterozygous mice tended to have thicker corneas (3.4%). Fluorophotometric measurements suggest that aqueous turnover rates in SPARC-null mice are equal to if not greater than rates in WT mice. LM of the SPARC-null iridocorneal angle revealed morphology that is indistinguishable from WT. CONCLUSIONS. SPARC-null mice have lower IOPs than do their WT counterparts with equal CCTs. The rate of aqueous turnover suggests that the mechanism is enhanced outflow resistance. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:3771‐3777)
Learning Classifiers from Semantically Heterogeneous Data

Semantically heterogeneous and distributed data sources are quite common in several application domains such as bioinformatics and security informatics. In such a setting, each data source has an associated ontology. Different users or applications need to be able to query such data sources for statistics of interest (e.g., statistics needed to learn a predictive model from data). Because no single ontology meets the needs of all applications or users in every context, or for that matter, even a single user in different contexts, there is a need for principled approaches to acquiring statistics from semantically heterogeneous data. In this paper, we introduce ontology-extended data sources and define a user perspective consisting of an ontology and a set of interoperation constraints between data source ontologies and the user ontology. We show how these constraints can be used to derive mappings from source ontologies to the user ontology. We observe that most of the learning algorithms use only certain statistics computed from data in the process of generating the hypothesis that they output. We show how the ontology mappings can be used to answer statistical queries needed by algorithms for learning classifiers from data viewed from a certain user perspective.
Prenatal development of the cerebellar system in the rat. II. Cytogenesis and histogenesis of the inferior olive, pontine gray, and the precerebellar reticular nuclei.

Aspects of the prenatal development of the inferior olive, lateral reticular nucleus, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, and of the pontine gray were investigated in the rat. The material used was the same as in the preceding study of cerebellar development, including histological preparations from normal and x-irradiated embryos at daily intervals (days E13 to E22), and autoradiograms from adult rats injected with two successive doses of 3H-thymidine on overlapping days from days E13 + 14 on. Neurons of the inferior olive form on days E13 and 14: those settling rostrally in the principal nucleus somewhat ahead of those settling in the medial accessory nucleus caudally. The olivary neurons are generated in the neuroepithelium of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, migrate ventrally by way of the olivary migratory stream, split into two branches and provide cells to the olivary complex from its lateral and medial aspect. The migrating cells are differentiated, radioresistant elements. It was postulated that since the olivary migratory path and the course of olivary fibers (the inferior cerebellar peduncle) are on the same trajectory, climbing fibers could reach the surface of the cerebellum before the arrival of the radially migrating Purkinje cells. Neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus form predominantly on days E13 and 14, of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis on days E15–17, and of the pontine gray on days E17–19. The pontine neurons originate several days after but at the same site as the olivary neurons. The cells migrating in the pontine migratory stream are undifferentiated elements and follow a course different to that of their prospective axons in the middle cerebellar peduncle. The earliest forming pontine neurons settle near the pyramidal tract, the later arriving cells form cap-like shells around this core. Axonogenesis of pontine cells begins after the settling of the perikarya on day E19. The middle cerebellar peduncle appeared to approach the cerebellum on day E22, suggesting that pontine mossy fibers do not establish contact with cerebellar elements before the perinatal period, by which time the external germinal layer and the Purkinje cells have formed a cortical mantle over the entire cerebellum. In an attempt to correlate the chronology of cytogenesis in some of the precerebellar nuclei with cell production and maturation in the cerebellum, it was hypothesized that mossy fibers of reticular origin exert influence on Purkinje cell dendrites in the lower parts of the molecular layer, whereas mossy fibers of pontine origin influence the upper parts of Purkinje cell dendrites. Reference is made to behavioral results indicating the mediation of dissociable functions by elements of the lower and upper molecular layer.
On the Improvement of Position-Detection Accuracy Using Signal Perturbation Theory

It is shown that a triangular perturbation signal provides increased position-detection accuracy over that provided by a sinusoidal perturbation signal [1]. Triangular perturbation is applied to a two-element photosensor receptor, resulting in perfect position detection within the dimensions of the receptor. It is also shown that perfect position detection can be obtained over as large a range as desired by using a many-element zero-deadband one-dimensional receptor subjected to triangular perturbation.
Advances in nano-based inner ear delivery systems for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common diseases, accounting for about 90% of all hearing loss. Leading causes of SNHL include advanced age, ototoxic medications, noise exposure, inherited and autoimmune disorders. Most of SNHL is irreversible and managed with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Although there is increased understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of SNHL, biologic treatment options are limited due to lack of noninvasive targeted delivery systems. Obstacles of targeted inner ear delivery include anatomic inaccessibility, biotherapeutic instability, and nonspecific delivery. Advances in nanotechnology may provide a solution to these barriers. Nanoparticles can stabilize and carry biomaterials across the round window membrane into the inner ear, and ligand bioconjugation onto nanoparticle surfaces allows for specific targeting. A newer technology, nanohydrogel, may offer noninvasive and sustained biotherapeutic delivery into specific inner ear cells. Nanohydrogel may be used for inner ear dialysis, a potential treatment for ototoxicity-induced SNHL.
Stimulus Relatedness in Equivalence Classes: Interaction of Nodality and Contingency

Stimuli in equivalence classes are functionally interchangeable, and thus suggest that the class members are equally related to each other. A growing number of experimental findings, however, have shown that under appropriate conditions of testing, the relational strength of the stimuli in an equivalence class may be determined by the nodal structure of the class and the number of nodes the separate the stimuli in a multinodal class. Data that support this view have been obtained (a) during the delayed emergence of classes, (b) during gradual transfer of functions after class formation, (c) from the reaction times displayed by derived relations that varied in nodal number during and after class formation, (d) by derived relations in the absence of class formation, (e) from retrospective reports of reinforcer presentations during derived relations probes, (f) from brain imaging studies that showed unique areas of cortical activation produced by post-class formation probes of baseline and derived relations,...
Lipids and immunoinflammatory pathways of beta cell destruction.

Islet inflammation contributes to beta cell demise in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LO, gene expressed as ALOX12 in humans and 12-Lo in rodents in this manuscript) produces proinflammatory metabolites such as 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids through dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. 12-LO was first implicated in diabetes when the increase in 12-Lo expression and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was noted in rodent models of diabetes. Subsequently, germline 12-Lo−/− was shown to prevent the development of hyperglycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes and in high-fat fed mice. More recently, beta cell-specific 12-Lo−/− was shown to protect mice against hyperglycaemia after streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. In humans, 12-LO expression is increased in pancreatic islets of autoantibody-positive, type 1 diabetic and type 2 diabetic organ donors. Interestingly, the high expression of ALOX12 is associated with the alteration in first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human type 2 diabetic islets. To further clarify the role of islet 12-LO in diabetes and to validate 12-LO as a therapeutic target of diabetes, we have studied selective pharmacological inhibitors for 12-LO. The compounds we have identified show promise: they protect beta cell lines and human islets from apoptosis and preserve insulin secretion when challenged by proinflammatory cytokine mixture. Currently studies are underway to test the compounds in mouse models of diabetes. This review summarises a presentation given at the ‘Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes’ symposium at the 2015 annual meeting of the EASD. It is accompanied two other mini-reviews on topics from this symposium (by Simone Baltrusch, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3891-x and Marc Donath, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3873-z) and a commentary by the Session Chair, Piero Marchetti (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3875-x).
HeartSync: Mobile pacemaker failure detector

In this paper we look at solutions for notifying patients and medical professionals in the event of a pacemaker failure. Many people depend on pacemakers to regulate their heartbeat. Pacemaker failures can lead to hospital visits or death, making pacemaker failure detection an issue for people with these devices. HeartSync uses an iPhone to simulate a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor and Pacemaker data. HeartSync compares the data between the two sets based on the time the readings were taken. This two-factor system helps ensure that a patient's pacemaker is functioning correctly and then pushes this information to a server, where patients and healthcare professionals can view it without having to scrutinize it.
Studies on the Papermaking by Use of Surface Sizing Techniques (II)

If alum is cut back or removed from the wet end, retention of fines and filler in the sheet is generally reduced, which may result in poor formation of the sheet. Thus, in this paper was discussed the filler retention in producing base sheet for surface sizing by both laboratory applications and field pilot scale trials.Calcium carbonate (both ground limestone and precipitated calcium carbonate) was compared with the hitherto generally use clay and with other fillers. In particular, it was thought that ground limestone would be a very advantageous filler, because it had superior optical property and very low abrasiveness, and could be obtained at a low price. Thus, it was evaluated to determine whether it would be useful at filler for base sheet for surface sizing.As a result, it was found that ground limestone of a small particle size (for example, 1.8μ) improved the opacity (scattering coefficient) of the sheets. The use of filler retention aids proved more effectively with the ground limestone than with the precipitated calcium carbonate. The ground limestone was retained up to 80% by adding 0.010.02% cationic or anionic synthetic polymer based on filler weight as a retention aid continuously to the riffler just prior to the headbox. What is more, this was a sheet having a higher optical property and greater strength property as compared with the sheet of a clay/rosin/alum system. It was known that when ground limestone filled sheet was surface-sized at size press, it could be made into a sized paper having a remarkable sizing response just as in the case of precipitated calcium carbonate.Ground limestone filled paper has the following advantages;(1) Ground limestone itself is a lower-priced filler.(2) It has a better optical property and a very low abrasiveness than clay.(3) It has a superior strength property as compared with the sized paper of a clay/rosin/alum system. Thus, more of the expensive pulp weight has been replaced by the low-cost filler.
RANS SIMULATIONS OF AIRFOILS WITH ICE SHAPES

Numerical simulations were conducte d to investigate the effect of simulated ridg e ice shapes and leading -edge ice shapes on the aerodynamic performance of airfoils and wings . A range of Reynolds number s and Mach number s, as well as ice -shape size s and ice -shape location s were examined for t he NACA 23012 airfoil, the NLF 0414 airfoil and the NACA 3415 airfoil. The results were compared to experiments completed recently at the NASA Langley Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel (LTPT) and the University of Illinois Low -Speed Wind Tunnel . Additionally, the LTHS (Large Transport Horizontal Stabilizer) airfoil , the BJMW (Business Jet Main Wing) airfoil, and a tape re d NACA 23012 wing were also studi ed to investigate ice -shape location effect with various airfoil s and wing geometries . The RANS investigation included steady -state simulations with the Spalart - Allmaras turbulence model and a structured grid. Comparisons with experimental force data showed favorable comparison up to (but not including) the stall conditions , with improved fidelity for forward and smaller ice shapes . At and past stall condition, strong separation occurs and the aerodynamic forces are not predicted accurately for large upper -surface ice shape s due to the limitation of RANS method. A lift -break (pseudo -stall ) condition was defined ba sed on the lift curve sl ope change. The lift -break data compared well with experimental stall results , and indicated that the upper surface critical ice -shape location tended to be near (and often in between) the location of minimum pressure and the locati on of the most adverse pressure gradient .
Regulation of DNA binding and transactivation in p53 by nuclear localization and phosphorylation

Compelling evidence indicates that p53 acts as a transcription factor and that this activity is regulated by several factors including subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of the protein. To learn more about how these two processes determine whether p53 becomes activated, we studied the temperature sensitive murine p53, p53val135. At nonpermissive temperatures, p53val135 remains sequestered in the cytoplasm of cells which express it. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that, under these conditions, the protein lacked DNA binding activity. However, by shifting to the permissive temperature, p53val135 became concentrated in the nucleus, hyperphosphorylated, and had acquired the ability to bind DNA in a sequence specific manner. This was accompanied by the induction of two p53 regulated genes, mdm2 and p21waf1, which indicated that p53val135 had become an active transcription factor. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis and tryptic peptide mapping showed that entry into the nucleus resulted in the appearance of new phosphorylated isoforms and that the protein had become extensively phosphorylation at the N-terminus. Notably, phosphorylation at the N-terminus occurred only in the nucleus, whereas phosphorylation at the C-terminus could occur in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Based on these observations, we suggest that phosphorylation of p53's N-terminus is compartmentally restricted.
A Preliminary Comparison of Marine Bird Biomass and Food Consumption Between the Southeastern Bering Sea and Parts of the Southern Ocean

Seabird density, biomass and C demand were compared in open waters of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf and the Argentine shelf at comparable latitudes and seasons; comparisons were also made for waters near Bering Sea colonies and near the South Orkney Islands. Away from colonies, seabird densities were generally higher in the Bering Sea than off southeastern Argentina, but the biomass of seabirds was similar. However, since the mean weight of birds in the Bering Sea was less than that off Argentina, C demand was higher in the Bering Sea as a consequence of the allo-metric nature of the metabolic equations. Similarly, limited sampling near the South Orkney Islands encountered a lower density of birds than sampling near islands at comparable latitudes in the Bering Sea. Again, the biomass of birds near the South Orkney Islands was similar to that found near the Bering Sea colonies due to the larger mean size of the southern hemisphere birds, but overall C demand of seabirds was similar or somewhat greater in the Bering Sea. Seabird use of the waters near the South Orkney Islands may have been under-estimated due to the departure of birds for moulting.
Analysis and Prediction of Heihe River Runoff Characteristics in Ruo'ergai Wetland

According to data of daily average runoff(1988~2008) of Ruoergai hydrological station in the Ruoergai wetland,the runoff variation between years and distribution law within the year of Ruoergai wetland in Heihe River are analyzed by applying moving average method,non-uniformity method,change amplitude and autocorrelation analysis.Daily runoff is fitted and forecasted by using threshold regression model and nearest neighbor bootstrapping regressive model.The research shows that Ruoergai Heihe runoff annual distribution is very uneven and double-peak pattern is shown in variation curve of the year;daily runoff has high dependence in the short term;the annual runoff has obviously decreased trend since 1988;average daily runoff can be effectively forecasted by application of threshold regression model,the nearest neighbor bootstrapping regressive model based on time series analysis.
Accuracy of interpretation of full-length pediatric echocardiograms transmitted over an integrated services digital network telemedicine link.

Background Transmission of echocardiograms via telemedicine links has allowed remote hospitals direct access to pediatric cardiology subspecialty care. This study assessed the accuracy of echocardiogram interpretation across an integrated services digital network (ISDN) telemedicine link. Methods Telemedicine systems were installed between Cape Fear Valley Medical Center neonatal intensive care unit and University of North Carolina Hospitals. One board-certified pediatric cardiologist interpreted 105 full-length echocardiograms that were videotaped and then transmitted over the system. Six months later, the same cardiologist reinterpreted the 105 original videotape studies from the off-site hospital and results were compared with the interpretations of the transmitted data. Results Interpretation of transmitted echocardiograms did not differ significantly from the original studies for diagnosis, evaluation of left ventricular function, valve function evaluation, and the presence of a ductus arteriosus. Minor differences in qualitative parameters were seen. Conclusion Transmission of full-length echocardiograms over the ISDN telemedicine link is comparable to videotape review. There was no loss of significant clinical information, and the minor discrepancies noted did not impact management decisions.
Characteristics of learning curve in minimally invasive ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in a single institution

Previous work from our institution has characterized the learning curve for open ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The purpose of the present study was to assess the learning curve of minimally invasive IPAA. Perioperative outcomes of 372 minimally invasive IPAA by 20 surgeons (10 high-volume vs. 10 low-volume surgeons) during 2002–2013, included in a prospectively maintained database, were assessed. Predicted outcome models were constructed using perioperative variables selected by stepwise logistic regression, using Akaike’s information criterion. Cumulative sums (CUSUM) of differences between observed and predicted outcomes were graphed over time to identify possible improvement patterns. Institutional pelvic sepsis and other pouch morbidity rates (hemorrhage, anastomotic separation, pouch failure, fistula) significantly decreased (18.2 vs. 7.0 %, CUSUM peak after 143 cases, p = 0.001; 18.4 vs. 5.3 %, CUSUM peak after 239 cases, respectively, p < 0.001). Institutional total proctocolectomy mean operative times significantly decreased (307 min vs. 253 min, CUSUM peak after 84 cases, p < 0.001), unlike completion proctectomy (p = 0.093) or conversion rates (10 vs. 5.4 %, p = 0.235). Similar learning curves were identified among high-volume surgeons but not among low-volume surgeons. Learning curves were identified in the two busiest individual surgeons for pelvic sepsis (peaks at 47 and 9 cases, p = 0.045 and p = 0.002) and in one surgeon for operative times (CUSUM peak after 16 and 13 cases for both total proctocolectomy and completion proctectomy (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006) but not for other pouch complications (peak at 49 and 41 cases, p = 0.199 and p = 0.094). Pouch complications, particularly pelvic sepsis, are the most consistent and relevant learning curve end points in laparoscopic IPAA.
Estimates of Demand, Price Policy, and the Ratio of Price to Marginal Cost by Brand for Selected Consumer Goods

Using the preceding analysis as a guide, we now examine the pertinent evidence for three established products in moderately concentrated markets (frozen orange juice concentrate, instant coffee, and regular coffee) and one new product (instant mashed potatoes) in order to obtain a detailed picture of demand conditions and price policies by brand. In these markets a few firms account for more than one-third of total sales, and it is believed that consumers are somewhat brand loyal. Hence one may regard each firm as in possession of some monopoly power.
Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity on the hard scattering kinematics of proton-proton collisions at s=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb−1 of s = 2.76 TeV pp events recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. Results are also presented as a function of the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to vary strongly with the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and only weakly with that in the projectile proton.
Unavailability of Outpatient Medications: Examples and Opportunities for Management:

Drug shortages create significant challenges for patients and health care providers. Pharmacists play important roles in managing medication therapy during drug shortages. The management of drug shortages by the community pharmacist is an expanding role. Adverse drug reactions and delayed treatments are highlighted in the literature as some of the consequences of outpatient drug shortages; it is likely these harms are underreported. This commentary reviews examples and opportunities for the management of outpatient drug shortages.
Long-term neighborhood poverty trajectories and obesity in a sample of california mothers

Neighborhoods (and people) are not static, and are instead shaped by dynamic long-term processes of change (and mobility). Using the Geographic Research on Wellbeing survey, a population-based sample of 2339 Californian mothers, we characterize then investigate how long-term latent neighborhood poverty trajectories predict the likelihood of obesity, taking into account short-term individual residential mobility. We find that, net of individual and neighborhood-level controls, living in or moving to tracts that experienced long-term low poverty was associated with lower odds of being obese relative to living in tracts characterized by long-term high poverty.
Upregulation of circulating myomiR following short-term energy restriction is inversely associated with whole body protein synthesis

The objective of the present investigation was to determine whether energy restriction (ER) influences expression of skeletal muscle-specific microRNA (miRNA) in circulation (c-myomiR) and whether ...
Signs of the Apocalypse: An Analysis of Trump Magazine Covers During the 2016 Presidential Campaign:

This essay engages a content analysis of 45 magazine covers featuring Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential campaign. Surprisingly, a majority of the covers enlist apocalyptic rhetoric to garner potential consumer attention, regardless of the political leanings of the magazines. By applying characteristics of apocalyptic rhetoric to the magazine covers, the essay draws implications about the direction of the magazine covers, visual rhetoric, and presidential campaigns.
PIK3CA mutation is associated with increased local failure in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Abstract Objectives Hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been associated with radioresistance. It is unclear whether such mutations confer suboptimal local control for patients who receive lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Our objective was to examine whether mutations in the EGFR/AKT/PIK3CA signaling pathway are associated with local failure (LF) after lung SBRT. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 166 patients who underwent SBRT to primary or metastatic lung lesions from 2007 to 2015 for whom genetic testing data was available for EGFR, AKT, and PIK3CA genes. Association between clinical factors, including molecular mutation status, and LF was evaluated. Results Six patients (4%) had PIK3CA mutation, 36 patients (22%) had EGFR mutation, and one patient (0.6%) had AKT1 mutation. Median lesion size was 2.0 cm (range, 0.6–5.6 cm); median dose was 48 Gy in 4 fractions (range, 30–70 Gy in 3–10 fractions). Median follow-up for survivors was 27.3 months (range, 3.8–66.7 months). LF occurred in 16 patients (10%). On univariate analysis, PIK3CA mutation was associated with LF (HR 10.44 [95% CI 2.16–50.46], p = .003), while tumor histology, tumor size, primary tumor site, BED and EGFR mutation were not. At one year, probability of LF in lesions with PIK3CA mutation was 20.0% vs. 2.9% in lesions without mutation (p Conclusion Although the number of patients affected was small, PIK3CA mutation was significantly associated with higher risk of LF in patients undergoing lung SBRT. This association has not previously been reported for lung SBRT and indicates the need for further validation.
Modeling Cardiac Function

This chapter reviews the current state of integrative modeling of the heart, focusing on three topics. First, we review integration of experimental data into the most commonly used class of ventricular myocyte models—common pool models. We critically assess both the successes and failures of these models. Second, we review the formulation of a new class of myocyte models known as local-control models. While these models are more computationally intensive than are common pool models, they are able to capture critically important aspects of single channel behaviors that have a profound impact on myocyte function, and which cannot be described using common pool models. Finally, we review how cellular models may be integrated with imaging data on heart geometry and micro-anatomic structure to formulate computational models of cardiac ventricular electrical conduction.
Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Selection of New Coronary Devices in Coronary Intervention

The beginning of coronary angiography in 1960 ushered in a new era in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. Without coronary angiography, current treatment strategies for coronary artery disease, including coronary artery bypass surgery and catheter-based interventions, would most likely not have been developed. However, there are several inherent limitations of angiography for diagnosing and quantitating coronary atherosclerosis. In essence, angiography produces an x-ray silhouette of the coronary lumen, sometimes referred to as a “luminogram”.(l) Atherosclerosis is detected when the column of x-ray contrast in the vessel lumen is indented by plaque. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated by comparing the lumen diameter at the stenosis to the diameter of the normal reference segment. The “luminogram” yields almost no qualitative information about plaque constituents. It is inaccurate for quantitating the severity of atherosclerosis for several reasons, including diffuse disease, geometric remodeling, and complex lesion morphologies. A normal reference segment is not present when there is diffuse disease resulting in an underestimation of stenosis severity. Geometric remodeling, or compensatory enlargement, occurs early in the development of atherosclerosis allowing for the development and growth of plaque with minimal luminal narrowing (see Figure 1).(2, 3) Significant atherosclerotic plaque can be present which is not appreciated by angiography. Complex lesion morphologies such as those seen after angioplasty, with splits, micro-tears, and dissections, make the angiographic “luminogram” even more difficult to assess.