cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Film cooling effectiveness for three-row compound angle hole design on flat plate using PSP technique

Abstract This paper investigates effects of geometrical and coolant flow parameters for a three-row compound angle hole design over a flat plate. These included β = +45° and −45°, in-line and staggered arrangement, hole spacing (4d, 6d and 8d), five blowing ratios (0.5–1.5) and three density ratios (1.0, 1.5, 2.0). Spanwise averaged effectiveness plots and contours were developed using Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique and cross comparisons were carried out. The parametric results obtained from experiment generally agreed with widely accepted trends: the cascade effect of coolant jets for multi-hole design increases film effectiveness especially at large x/d, increasing density ratio increases effectiveness particularly at higher blowing ratio and increasing hole spacing has a detrimental effect on film cooling. However, some interesting observations are discovered including: staggered arrangement is not always the most optimum design (β = +45°, −45°, −45° with staggered 2nd and 3rd row reported the lowest effectiveness for all blowing ratios and density ratios); in-line arrangement of holes with opposing orientation angles (β = +45°, −45°, −45°) yields better effectiveness; blowing ratio effect is strongly dependent on geometric design. Moreover, hole spacing effect is closely related to neighboring coolant jet coalescence and interaction with mainstream flow. Currently, little data is available on three-row design in open literature; this study provides systematic, baseline information for future studies.
Catalytic, Aerobic Oxygenations with Metalloporphyrin Catalysts. New Structural Insights into Stereoselectivity

We have described the preparation and characterization of a trans-dioxo ruthenium(VI) porphyrin complexes which have been shown to be an efficient catalyst for the aerobic epoxidation of olefins. We have also shown that this complex will catalyze the hydroxylation of alkanes under appropriate conditions. It is now apparent that the dioxoruthenium(VI) complex is the species responsible for oxygen transfer and that an intermediate oxoruthenium(IV) complex is then reoxidized in air. We have shown that the oxidation of ruthenium(IV) to ruthenium(VI) proceeds via an oxygen atom transfer disproportionation to produce both dioxoruthenium(VI) and ruthenium(II) porphyrin complexes. The ruthenium(II) complex reacts rapidly with oxygen to regenerate the oxoruthenium(IV) intermediate which then continues the catalytic cycle. In this lecture recent results will be described which delineate the mechanism of this catalytic oxygenation and establish a connection between the observed selectivity in catalytic olefin epoxidation reactions to selectivities for the coordination of the product epoxide with ruthenium porphyrins. Specifically, X-ray structural evidence will be presented that the transition state geometry for olefin epoxidation is similar to the conformation of ruthenium(II) complexes of epoxides, thioepoxides and aziridines; the primary non-bonded interaction between the substrate and the catalyst occurs on the porphyrin plane in the immediate vicinity of the first coordination sphere of the metal; and the pronounced cis-selectivity for olefin epoxidation can be predicted quantitatively by comparing the binding constants of stereoisomeric epoxides or aziridines.
How We Know

Incredibly, it is nearing twenty years ago, but I remember the day with great clarity. I remember standing in front of a mirror in a bathroom across from the conference room where the oral examinat...
Parameter clustering and sharing in variable-parameter HMMs for noise robust speech recognition.

Recently we proposed a cubic-spline-based variableparameter hidden Markov model (CS-VPHMM) whose mean and variance parameters vary according to some cubic spline functions of additional environment-dependent parameters. We have shown good properties of the CS-VPHMM and demonstrated on the Aurora-3 corpus that MCE-trained CSVPHMM greatly outperforms the MCE-trained conventional HMM at the cost of increased total number of model parameters. In this paper, we propose to share spline functions across different Gaussian mixture components to reduce the total number of model parameters and develop a clustering algorithm to do so. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our parameter clustering and sharing algorithm for the CSVPHMM on Aurora-3 corpus and show that proper parameter sharing can reduce the number of parameters from 4 times of that used in the conventional HMM to 1.13 times and still get 18% relative WER reduction over the MCE trained conventional HMM under the well-matched condition. Effective parameter sharing makes the CS-VPHMM an attractive model for noise robustness.
Insular DWI Hyperintensities in Subdural Hematoma: A case series and pathophysiologic review (P5.056)

Objective: Describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms of ipsilateral insular infarction associated with subdural hematoma. Background: Subdural hematoma (SDH) is among the most common conditions managed by neurologists and neurosurgeons. The clinical course of SDH is varied and clinicians must be aware of potential complications, including ischemic stroke. Design/Methods: We prospectively identified a series of three patients with similar patterns of ipsilateral insular Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) hyperintensity associated with subdural hematoma. Complete chart review was performed with cases described in relation to anatomy and proposed pathophysiology. Results: Each patient had a clinical deficit not explained by computed tomography findings. MRI revealed insular infarctions ipsilateral to subdural hematoma in all three patients. SDH type included both traumatic and spontaneous, as well as acute and acute-on-chronic. SDH size and midline shift ranged from 4–23mm and 4–12mm, respectively. Neurosurgical interventions were performed on all three patients, with time to surgery varying from 6 hours to 12 days. Two patients had clinical seizures. Vascular imaging revealed ipsilateral vessel irregularities in one patient. Conclusions: Proposed mechanisms for SDH-associated insular infarction include venous hypertension and traumatic arterial vasospasm. SDH-associated insular infarction is a marker of greater disease severity. Advanced imaging findings may be an important biomarker of disease severity and may influence complex management decisions. Future prospective studies are necessary to determine the incidence of SDH-associated infarction, putative stroke mechanisms, and resulting patient outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Sacchetti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thompson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fehnel has nothing to disclose.
Interdisciplinary Management of a Class III Anterior Open Bite Malocclusion in a Patient With Cerebral Palsy.

Dentofacial disharmony in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) can lead to low self-esteem and functional limitations. However, medical and behavioral challenges in patients with developmental disorders often prevent dental practitioners from offering the necessary treatment. This report describes the clinical interdisciplinary management of a 20-year-old man with CP, including orthodontic, periodontal, and orthognathic surgery therapy. The patient presented with the chief complaint of having difficulty chewing, was wheelchair dependent, had poor orofacial muscle control, and exhibited a Class III malocclusion with a skeletal anterior open bite. The lower midline was shifted 3 mm to the right, there was severe maxillary spacing, and the patient had gingival overgrowth. A combined orthodontic, periodontal, and orthognathic surgery treatment approach was chosen to meet the patient's interdisciplinary needs. Because of his physical limitations, it was necessary to avoid complicated and prolonged orthodontic treatment mechanics. Interdisciplinary therapy improved the patient's oral function, periodontal health, and facial esthetics and led to a good occlusion, which remained stable 1 year after treatment. Regardless of the treatment challenges, combined orthodontic and surgical therapy in the present patient with CP led to favorable treatment results and improved the patient's self-esteem, confidence in social interactions, and speaking and chewing abilities.
Aerial Systems with Micro Sensors: Data Acquisition and Descriptive Reality in Physical and Virtual Environments

Swarm autonomy, coordination and surveillance capabilities for multi-mission multi-functional aerial systems depend on distributed control, sensing and data acquisition. Recently emerged multi-degree-of-freedom microelectronic and MEMS acoustic, electromagnetic, image and inertial sensors empower autonomy, perception of reality, computer vision, augmented reality, situational awareness and other mission-critical tasks. Open problems in system design, complexity and software-hardware co-design motivate authors to focus on fundamental studies and technology developments in sensing and information fusion. Networking and data fusion from multi-mode navigation and image sensors are studied. We examine control and autonomy capabilities emulating tasks and mission environments. The distributed algorithms empower individual-and swarm aerial systems. We report solutions developed in Python, C and MATLAB supporting data processing, data visualization, interactions, interfacing and physical-and-virtual reality. The descriptive reality and information management are demonstrated by performing low-fidelity studies for DJI Phantom with heterogeneous sensors. Augmentation of control and tactical autonomy are studied.
Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis in an African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

Abstract A 2-month-old intact female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) presented with a 1-week history of vomiting. Radiographs and ultrasound were performed but were inconclusive. The vomiting was unsuccessfully treated with famotidine and progressed over the following few days. An abdominal exploratory was performed and biopsies were taken of the stomach and small intestine. Histopathology revealed an eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Fenbendazole was initiated to rule out parasitic infection. No improvement was made, and prednisolone treatment was started. A diet trial using a feline hypoallergenic food was started 1-month later to rule-out food sensitivity. Vomiting improved with ongoing prednisolone and diet therapy, but then soft stools developed. Dysbiosis was diagnosed with fecal cytology and improved with metronidazole treatment. There were 2 episodes of regurgitation and omeprazole was added to the treatment plan. The hedgehog presented 20 months postdiagnosis maintained with prednisolone, omeprazole, and psyllium supplementation with no relapse of vomiting.
Presurgical therapy in renal cell carcinoma

Optimal timing of systemic therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of surgical extirpation of either the primary tumor or of metastatic sites is currently not known. Use of a presurgical therapeutic strategy can provide both clinical and scientific advantages. Antiangiogenic therapies can reduce the size of primary tumors, potentially reducing difficulty of subsequent surgical procedures. Additionally, presurgical therapy can act as a litmus test for patients where benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy is borderline, allowing a decision to be made after a few treatment cycles. Concerns about safety have largely been assuaged with data from multiple small and intermediate sized patient series. Presurgical therapy also allows us to to study the effect of specific agents on the tumor microenvironment and to elucidate reasons for treatment resistance. This research will ultimately lead to improved therapy selection for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Social Value Simulation of the Philippine Community-Based Social Enterprise Using Value Chain Analysis

Through a case study of a coffee cooperative, the researchers simulated how a community-based social enterprise (CBSE) creates social value by measuring the positive returns of its existence to the society as a solution to unequal distribution of income and rural unemployment. By extending the CBSE’s value chain, more significant social benefits are provided to the society by generating additional employment, especially for indigenous peoples in countryside areas. Nonetheless, the free market failed to deliver such socioeconomic advantage. Moreover, social enterprise products are not at par with mainstream supermarkets, adversely affecting indigenous laborers due to an uninformed market concerning the social benefits it tends to contribute to society. Such market failure can be conciliated through the creation of intra-value chain within the CBSE. With this pioneering study in one of the coffee regions in the Philippines, the Keynes multiplier simulated the impact of per peso invested on the new chain of operation. The relevance of an institutional enterprise was also emphasized. This research concluded that the creation of new value chain focused on providing consumer’s value for their money through intra-trading of products in the countryside offers the consumer an authentic experience of contributing to CBSEs which can boost a better long-term consequence.
PDE4 Inhibitors Block TLR7 and TLR9-Driven Signaling, Proliferation and Cytokine Secretion in CLL Cells As Well As Proliferation Driven by Exposure to Apoptotic Cells

Abstract 1774 A growing body of literature supports the concept that at least a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cell-receptors (BCRs) are reactive with antigens exposed on apoptotic cells. Work done in the autoimmunity field suggests that through their BCRs, autoreactive B cells can internalize RNA and DNA-containing autoantigens, thereby activating endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9, respectively, with subsequent TLR-mediated signaling, proliferation and cytokine secretion. cAMP signaling modulates inflammatory signaling in immune system cells and our prior studies have shown that PKA, EPAC and CREB-mediated cAMP signaling can be potently induced in CLL cells with inhibitors of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) PDE4 family in the absence of additional exogenous stimulators of adenylate cyclase. We therefore examined the ability of PDE4 inhibitor-mediated cAMP signaling to regulate TLR7 and 9-mediated signaling in CLL cells. Treatment of CLL cells with the TLR7 and 9 agonists R848 and CpG-B oligonucleotide, respectively, induced IRAK1 degradation and activation of three signaling pathways known to be downstream of TLR7 and 9: the transcription factors NFkB and IRF5 as well as the MAP kinase JNK. The prototypic PDE4 inhibitor rolipram inhibited R848-induced TLR7 and CpG-B-induced TLR9 signaling in CLL cells as judged by Western analysis and immunofluorescent studies of NFkB and IRF5 nuclear translocation as well as JNK phosphorylation. Rolipram also blocked R848 and CpG-B-induced CLL proliferation and TNF secretion. In contrast, rolipram augmented R848 and CpG-B-induced CLL IL-10 synthesis, in keeping with prior studies documenting cAMP response elements in the IL-10 promoter. To test whether RNA and/or DNA antigens exposed in apoptotic cells might induce proliferation in CLL cells through BCR-mediated internalization and subsequent activation of TLR7 and TLR9, we irradiated CLL cells and added them in a graded fashion to live autologous CLL cells. Such exposure to irradiated cells undergoing apoptosis drove CLL proliferation in a manner that was sensitive to TLR7 and TLR9 antagonists, IRAK4 kinase inhibitors and the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram. Our work supports the concept that BCR and TLR-driven responses to apoptotic RNA and DNA-containing complexes may drive proliferation in CLL cells and that PDE4 inhibitors and other agents that target TLR signaling may prove to be effective therapeutic agents in this disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Lenalidomide (len) Maintenance (maint) after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) for Multiple Mmyeloma (MM) Improves Outcomes of Patients (pts) with Both Standard- and High-Risk Cytogenetics: A Single Institutional Experience of over 1000 ASCT Pts.

Introduction A meta-analysis of three large randomized trials has demonstrated that len maint prolongs progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in pts with MM who have undergone ASCT. While len maint benefits pts with both high-risk and standard-risk cytogenetics, it does not appear to provide equal magnitude of benefit to patients with high-risk cytogenetics. We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing the outcomes of pts with MM who underwent ASCT at our institution and len maint compared to no maint. We further evaluated the impact of len maint on the two cytogenetic groups. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 1002 consecutive pts with newly diagnosed MM who underwent ASCT at The Ohio State University between 1992 through 2016. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, disease characteristics, therapy received including maint, and clinical outcomes. Pts were excluded from the analysis if they received len combination or other drug maint therapies. High-risk cytogenetics was defined as having t(4;14), t(14;16), gain 1q, or del17p. PFS and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to compare PFS and OS between the groups and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR). Results Pt characteristics are listed in Table 1. 484 pts (53.3%) received no maint while 423 pts (46.7%) received len maint. 245 pts (24.4%) had high-risk cytogenetics while 561 pts (56%) had standard-risk cytogenetics with the remaining unknown. Both PFS and OS were significantly better in the len maint group compared to the no maint group (Figure 1). Adjusting for pts age at transplant, cytogenetic risk, pre-transplant and post-transplant disease status, and ISS staging, the superiority in PFS and OS remained statistically significant, HR=0.50 (95% CI: 0.41-0.62), p Conclusion Consistent with previously published data, our results demonstrate an improvement in outcomes in MM pts treated with len maint following ASCT compared to no maint regardless of cytogenetic risk group. Larger studies are needed to assess the individual benefit obtained with len maint with each high-risk cytogenetic abnormality. Several trials incorporating newer drugs with novel mechanisms of action are currently being done that could further optimize maint therapy and lead to better outcomes in high-risk group.
Postoperative complications in Crohn’s disease

Abstract The risk for postoperative complications in patients with Crohn’s disease is higher than those with underlying noninflammatory bowel disease. The common complications include stricture, bleeding, and acute and chronic leaks at the anastomosis, leading to prestenotic luminal dilation and small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth, anemia, abscess, and fistula. Those complications and their subsequent adverse sequelae are mostly recognizable with proper endoscopy, and some can be endoscopically treatable. Therefore endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of the postoperative complications.
Engineered pH-Sensitive Protein G / IgG Interaction

While natural protein-protein interactions have evolved to be induced by complex stimuli, rational design of interactions that can be switched-on-demand still remain challenging in the protein design world. Here, we demonstrate a computationally redesigned natural interface for improved binding affinity could further be mutated to adopt a pH switchable interaction. The redesigned interface of Protein G- IgG Fc domain, when incorporated with histidine and glutamic acid on Protein G (PrG-EHHE), showed a switch in binding affinity by 50-fold when pH was altered from mild acidic to mild basic. The wild type (WT) interface only showed negligible switch. The overall binding affinity at mild acidic pH for PrG-EHHE outperformed the WT PrG interaction. The new reagent PrG-EHHE will be revolutionary in IgG purification since the traditional method of using an extreme acidic pH for elution can be circumvented.
Abstract P076: Increased Burden Of Chronic Illness Among Insured Compared To Uninsured Sudden Death Victims

Introduction: Lack of health insurance is associated with reduced access to medical care and increased mortality. Chronic illness is associated with sudden death, a major cause of natural death. In...
Obstructing DeepFakes by Disrupting Face Detection and Facial Landmarks Extraction

Recent years have seen fast development in synthesizing realistic human faces using AI technologies. AI-synthesized fake faces can be weaponized to cause negative personal and social impact. In this work, we develop technologies to defend individuals from becoming victims of recent AI-synthesized fake videos by sabotaging would-be training data. This is achieved by disrupting deep neural network (DNN)-based face detection and facial landmark extraction method with specially designed imperceptible adversarial perturbations to reduce the quality of the detected faces. We empirically show the effectiveness of our methods in disrupting state-of-the-art DNN-based face detectors and facial landmark extractors on several datasets.
Effective Tension In Robbins' Economic Methodology

Lionel Robbins' Essay is one of the most influential methodological works in twentieth century economics. This said, the Essay is not philosophically seamless; it exhibits certain tensions that are not easily reconciled within any specific philosophical characterization of scientific knowledge. This paper discusses these issues, but also emphasizes that these tensions did not inhibit the influence of the Essay within economics. In fact, it is argued that these philosophical tensions actually contributed to its influence. It was a methodology for economics, not for philosophers, and its influence needs to be understood within the context of 1930s marginalist economics.
Weighing Delight and Dole: A Study of Comedy, Tragedy and Anxiety

Contents: A study of comedy and tragedy based on anxiety reduction. Analyses of several literary works.
The Multiple Meanings of “Safer Sex”

Abstract Much has been written about the sexual recklessness of adolescents, and about how difficult it is to achieve stable, long-term changes in the sexual risk behaviors of a large number of the young people who reject abstinence. This article explains the meanings of “safer sex” that are obscure to most adolescents. One of the reasons most adolescents do not consistently protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections is because they have not developed an appreciation of the multiple and difficult challenges associated with the seemingly simple advice to have only safer sex if they choose to be sexually active. It is the job of educators to help them see what lies beneath the superficial definition of safer sex, and to help prepare them for overcoming the various obstacles to long-term sexually transmitted infection risk reduction.
TU-AB-BRA-08: Radiomics in the Analysis of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity On DCE-MRI

Purpose: To investigate the heterogeneity of breast tumors in terms of variation in contrast enhancement as observed in computer-extracted MRI-based tumor phenotypes. Methods: Analysis was conducted on a retrospective dataset of 84 de-identified, multi-institutional breast magnetic-resonance images (MRIs) from the National Cancer Institute repository, The Cancer Imaging Archive, along with clinical, histopathological, and genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and gene assay data. The 84 cases were classified into Normal-like, Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-like molecular subtypes based on gene expression classifications. For each case, analysis of the dynamic-contrast enhanced MRIs included computerized 3D lesion segmentation and phenotype extraction, which characterized tumor size, shape, morphology, enhancement texture, kinetic curve assessment, and enhancement variance kinetics of the breast tumors. Enhancement texture over the imaging sequence was calculated at the first, second and third post-contrast time frames. Associations between computer-extracted tumor phenotypes and molecular subtypes were assessed through inferences on the Kendall τ rank correlation coefficient. Results: By examining the relationship between image-based phenotype and the molecular subtypes, there is a positive trend for enhancement texture for the various molecular subtypes. The Kendall τ rank correlation coefficient of 0.2342 with a p-value of 0.0055 was obtained between enhancement texture of entropy which was calculated at the first post-contrast time frame of DCE-MR image and the molecular subtypes. This enhancement texture quantitatively characterizes the heterogeneous nature of contrast uptake within the breast tumor. Conclusion: Computer-extracted image-based phenotypes show promise as a means for high-throughput discrimination of breast cancer molecular subtypes. Funding: University of Chicago Dean Bridge Fund, NCI U24-CA143848-05, and Breast Cancer Research Foundation. COI: MLG is a stockholder in R2 technology/Hologic and receives royalties from Hologic, GE Medical Systems, MEDIAN Technologies, Riverain Medical, Mitsubishi, and Toshiba. MLG is a co-founder and stockholder in Quantitative Insights.
Does vocal learning accelerate acoustic diversification? Evolution of contact calls in Neotropical parrots

Learning has been traditionally thought to accelerate the evolutionary change of behavioural traits. We evaluated the evolutionary rate of learned vocalizations and the interplay of morphology and ecology in the evolution of these signals. We examined contact calls of 51 species of Neotropical parrots from the tribe Arini. Parrots are ideal subjects due to their wide range of body sizes and habitats, and their open-ended vocal learning that allows them to modify their calls throughout life. We estimated the evolutionary rate of acoustic parameters of parrot contact calls and compared them to those of morphological traits and habitat. We also evaluated the effect of body mass, bill length, vegetation density and species interactions on acoustic parameters of contact calls while controlling for phylogeny. Evolutionary rates of acoustic parameters did not differ from those of our predictor variables except for spectral entropy, which had a significantly slower rate of evolution. We found support for correlated evolution of call duration, and fundamental and peak frequencies with body mass, and of fundamental frequency with bill length. The degree of sympatry between species did not have a significant effect on acoustic parameters. Our results suggest that parrot contact calls, which are learned acoustic signals, show evolutionary rates similar to those of morphological traits. This is the first study to our knowledge to provide evidence that change through cultural evolution does not necessarily accelerate the evolutionary rate of traits acquired through life-long vocal learning.
The Complexity of a Counting Finite-State Automaton

A counting finite-state automaton is a nondeterministic finite-state automaton which, on an input over its input alphabet, (magically) writes in binary the number of accepting computations on the input. We examine the complexity of computing the counting function of an NFA, and the complexity of recognizing its range as a set of binary strings. We also consider the pumping behavior of counting finite-state automata. The class of functions computed by counting NFA's (1) includes a class of functions computed by deterministic finite-state transducers; (2) is contained in the class of functions computed by polynomially time- and linearly space-bounded Turing transducers; (3) includes a function whose range is the composite numbers.
Feature Matrices: A Model for Efficient and Anonymous Web Usage Mining

Recent growth of startup companies in the area of Web Usage Mining is a strong indication of the effectiveness of this data in understanding user behaviors. However, the approach taken by industry towards Web Usage Mining is off-line and hence intrusive, static, and cannot differentiate between various roles a single user might play. Towards this end, several researchers studied probabilistic and distance-based models to summarize the collected data and maintain only the important features for analysis. The proposed models are either not flexible to trade-off accuracy for performance per application requirements, or not adaptable in real-time due to high complexity of updating the model. In this paper, we propose a new model, the FM model, which is flexible, tunable, adaptable, and can be used for both anonymous and on-line analysis. Also, we introduce a novel similarity measure for accurate comparison among FM models of navigation paths or cluster of paths. We conducted several experiments to evaluate and verify the FM model.
Fetal Response to Glucose Infusion: How Much Credit Does the Fetal Pancreas Deserve?

Your recent publication on the effects of glucose infusion during labor1 was comparable to our own studies which were reported at the meetings of The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Halifax, October 1968) and at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation (Denver, March 1969). Since the reports of our observations are in press2,3 and, therefore not available as yet, we believe that your readers and the authors of the article on fetal insulin response1 may be interested in the following comments: In our studies, the infusion of 1 gm of glucose per kg of maternal body weight was given over a 10minute period at a concentration of 30%.
Drought-driven lake level decline: effects on coarse woody habitat and fishes

Research testing for the effects of climate change on lentic fishes has focused on changing thermal and dissolved oxygen regimes, but has often overlooked potential influences of altered lake level...
The Affect Misattribution Procedure: Ten Years of Evidence on Reliability, Validity, and Mechanisms

The affect misattribution procedure (AMP) measures automatically activated responses based on the misattributions people make about the sources of their affect or cognitions. The AMP is one of the most widely used implicit attitude measures, and evidence regarding its reliability and validity has grown rapidly. In this brief review, we survey the evidence of reliability and validity while discussing the mechanisms that drive priming effects in the AMP. We consider the unique capabilities of this procedure to measure implicit and explicit cognition with simplicity and greater experimental control than other measures. Finally, we offer recommendations for using the AMP effectively for a wide variety of research purposes.
HABITAT COMPLEXITY DISRUPTS PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS BUT NOT THE TROPHIC CASCADE ON OYSTER REEFS

Despite recognition of the significance of both food web interactions and habitat complexity in community dynamics, current ecological theory rarely couples these two processes. Experimental manipulations of the abundance of the two predators in an oyster-reef trophic cascade, and the structural complexity provided by reefs of living oysters, demonstrated that enhanced habitat complexity weakened the strengths of trophic interactions. The system of tri-trophic interactions included oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) as the top predator that consumed the mud crab (Panopeus herbstii), which preys upon juvenile oysters (Crassostrea virginica). On reefs of low complexity, toadfish controlled mud crab abundances and indirectly determined the level of mortality of juvenile oysters. The indirect effects of toadfish on oysters emerged through their influence on how intensely mud crabs preyed on oysters. Augmentation of habitat complexity by substituting vertically oriented, living oysters for the flat shells of dead o...
Probe diffusion in polymer solutions

Applications of quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy (QELSS) to the study of protein and polymer solutions are discussed. In binary systems, quasielastic light scattering measures the mutual diffusion coefficient Dm of the macromolecules. For spherical macromolecules, Dm and its concentration dependence can be quantitatively interpreted in terms of hydrodynamic and direct interactions between the diffusing particles in solution. Also discussed are optical probe experiments, in which QELSS spectra of ternary probe: matrix polymer: solvent systems are obtained. The diffusion of dilute probes through a complex probe:matrix system reveals detailed information about the dynamics of the matrix. A direct extension of the orthodox theory for interacting, diffusing spheres successfully describes the dynamics of random-coil polymers in solution. Probe diffusion and other measurements of polymer transport coefficients suffice to reject some alternative models of polymer dynamics.
Radiology Research Alliance: 2004 report

1. MISSION The mission of the Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) is to help departments establish and improve radiology research programs. Because research problems are often complex, we strive to encourage and enable multidisciplinary research. We will stimulate innovative approaches to solving research-related problems by conducting research symposia at the annual meeting of the AUR. The RRA meets annually during the AUR meeting. 2. VISION The vision of RRA is to become a primary vehicle to define, promote, and strengthen academic research programs in and utilizing the imaging sciences; to energize and enable the recruitment of new, young investigators’ academic careers; and to influence the establishment and funding of image-based research and development in biomedicine.
The Distribution Of Deep States In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

The distribution of deep states in undoped a-Si:H is investigated. For this purpose, a new experimental technique is introduced which is based on the principle of thermally-stimulated space-charge relaxation. A peak in the density of states is resolved at - 0.6 eV below the mobility edge of the conduction band. The energy position and magnitude of this peak are found to be consistent with space-charge-limited current measurements.
Hormonal regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Abstract Studies of fatty acid synthesis in rat epididymal adipose tissue have revealed that insulin accelerates the conversion of medium lactate or pyruvate or of endogenous glycogen to fatty acids. These effects appear to result from an increased conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and acetyl CoA in the presence of the hormone. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase was measured in homogenates and found to be greater in homogenates prepared from tissue exposed to insulin prior to homogenization. Exposure of the tissue to epinephrine for 5 or 10 minutes prior to homogenization resulted in a diminished pyruvate dehydrogenase activity whereas exposure for a period of 30 minutes or longer led to enhanced activity. This enhancement was not seen when insulin was present in addition to epinephrine. It is suggested that the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity of adipose tissue is subject to regulatory influences that can be modified by the hormones insulin and epinephrine.
Consumer stated purchasing preferences and corporate social responsibility in the wood products industry: A conjoint analysis in the U.S. and China

The impacts of disclosed level of corporate social responsibility (CSR), domestic versus imported origin and type of construction on consumers' stated wood product purchasing preferences were examined in the U.S. and China. Hierarchical logit models based on a Bayesian framework were utilized to test the magnitude and statistical significance of each wood product attribute using survey data. Results indicate that U.S. and Chinese respondents: (a) were more likely to choose products from manufacturing companies with a higher level of CSR rating compared with an unknown one; (b) preferred domestically manufactured wood products compared to imported ones; and (c) expressed higher interest in wood products made of solid wood compared with composites. In terms of demographics, respondents' higher education levels corresponded with higher preferences for products from companies with the highest (five-star) CSR rating in the U.S. Statistically-significant income effects were detected only in the Chinese sample when respondents indicated their purchasing preferences for wood products with three-star or five-star CSR levels. Implications for improving wood products companies' managerial performance and suggestions for future studies are provided.
Estimating the Collapse Pressure of an Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator

The collapse pressure of an inflatable membrane is the minimum differential pressure which will sustain a specific desired shape under an applied load. In this paper, we present a method for estimating the collapse pressure of a tension-cone inflatable aerodynamic decelerator (IAD) that is subject to a static aerodynamic load. The IAD surface is modeled as an elastic membrane. For a given aerodynamic load and sufficiently high torus differential pressure, the IAD assumes a stable axisymmetric equilibrium shape. When the torus pressure is reduced sufficiently, the symmetric equilibrium state becomes unstable and we define this instance to be the critical pressure Pcr. In this paper, we will compare our predicted critical torus pressure with the corresponding observed torus collapse pressure (OTCP) for fifteen tests that were conducted by the third author and his collaborators at the NASA Glenn Research Center 10x10 Supersonic Wind Tunnel in April 2008. One of the difficulties with these types of comparisons is establishing the instance of torus collapse and determining the OTCP from quantities measured during the experiment. In many cases, torus collapse is gradual and the OTCP is not well-defined. However, in eight of the fifteen wind tunnel tests where the OTCP is well-defined, we find that the average of the relative differences (Pcr - OTCP/Pcr) was 8.9%. For completeness, we will also discuss the seven tests where the observed torus collapse pressure is not well-defined.
Business information – a natural path to business intelligence: knowing what to capture

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a logical approach to identifying and modeling business intelligence from corporate information.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology or approach to identifying business intelligence is based on the cross‐pollination of eight business value drivers. Modeling business intelligence from the hybrid blends of value sources provides a view of business intelligence in more realist dimensions.Findings – Modeling business intelligence from the hybrid blends of value sources provides a view of business intelligence in more realist dimensions.Originality/value – Business enterprises are challenged with identifying the primitive components that construct business intelligence within the business. The conceptual model presented in this paper decomposes to the primitive level of information or meta‐data needed to model business intelligence. The primitive level defines the business objects and provides a map to defining the actual business information to capture.
Off-design analysis of counter-rotating propeller configurations

An analysis is conducted to determine whether the counterrotating propeller configuration maintains, and perhaps improves, its excellent performance in the off-design mode for the constant-speed or variable-pitch case. While the twist distribution is maintained, the blade angle is changed to absorb shaft horsepower as a constant rpm setting is maintained under varying freestream velocities. A relatively flat propeller efficiency curve is obtained for advance ratios of 1.5-5.0.
Killing two birds with one stone: BRAF V600E inhibitor therapy for hairy cell leukemia and Langerhans/dendritic cell sarcoma.

Dear Editor, We read with great interest the article published in Annals of Hematology on a patient with Langerhans/dendritic cell sarcoma arising from hairy cell leukemia with both lesions demonstrating almost identical karyotypes and identical clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements [1]. This case is very interesting in light of fresh data on BRAF V600E mutations in several different tumor types [2]. Whole exome sequencing of patients with hairy cell leukemia has revealed BRAF V600E mutation [3]. This BRAFV600E mutation has been described as a diseasedefining event [3] in hairy cell leukemia and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia. Langerhans cell histiocytoses have also been reported to harbor the BRAFV600E mutation [4]. Histiocytoses are extremely rare diseases with variable clinical syndromes and BRAFV600E mutations have been reported in multiple histiocytoses subtypes including Erdheim–Chester disease [5]. In the light of these results, the case reported is very fascinating [1]. It may be interesting to profile the BRAFV600E status of the hairy cell leukemic clone and the histiocytic/dendritic sarcoma clone. If confirmed, this could suggest clonality and may also indicate a common origin of these diverse rare diseases. Moreover, for this particular patient this may have implications for targeted therapy. Vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor has been recently Food and Drug Administration approved for the therapy of BRAFV600E mutant metastatic melanoma [6]. Although hairy cell leukemia is a treatable disease with standard regimens, rare relapsed patients could still benefit from BRAF inhibitor targeted therapy and a proof of concept study has already been reported [7]. Some patients with Langerhans cell histocytoses may have an aggressive clinical course and patients with refractory disease may have few options. BRAF inhibitor-targeted therapy may be the way to kill two birds with one stone such as in this patient if BRAFV600E mutation is confirmed.
Chemical Imaging of the Lipid and Cholesterol Distribution in the Plasma Membranes of Intact Cells

Domains enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, often referred to as lipid rafts, are believed to be present in the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells and mediate important cellular functions, including cell signaling and virus budding. Changes in the abundances of cholesterol and sphingolipids influence many cellular processes. Yet, the distributions of cholesterol and sphingolipids within the plasma membrane have not been established. The inability to directly visualize lipids and cholesterol without the use of labels that may induce clustering renders characterizing the precise distribution of cholesterol and sphingolipids within the plasma membrane especially challenging. To address this problem, we have previously combined a chemically specific and spatially well-resolved imaging technique, high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), with metabolic labeling in order to image the distributions of sphingolipids within the plasma membranes of intact cells with at least 100 nm lateral resolution. We now report the use of this approach to image the sphingolipid and cholesterol distributions in parallel on the surface of intact fibroblast cells. We also quantitatively assess whether the cholesterol and sphingolipids are heterogeneously distributed and co-localized within the membrane. The results of these studies and their implications on models of membrane organization will be discussed.
Identification of the nodose ganglia and TRPV1 in swine.

The vagal nerve is the tenth cranial nerve (CN) and is the only CN to extend through the neck into the thorax and abdomen. As a component of the autonomic nervous system, the vagal nerve innervates the visceral organs, including the lung. The majority of the bronchopulmonary sensory nerves are unmyelinated (C-fiber) afferents of the vagal nerve. The cell bodies of the visceral afferent fibers of the vagus nerve are located bilaterally in the inferior ganglion—also termed the nodose ganglia (NG). More recently, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels have been identified and are expressed on the vagal C-fiber afferents, which play an important role in the cholinergic reflex pathway [1–3]. TRPV1 channels are nonselective cation channels and polymodal transducers that are known to be activated by increasing temperature, acidity (hydrogen ion), and endogenous inflammatory mediators [1– 3]. Although differences exist between swine and human anatomy, the patterns of the vagal nerve are largely similar and closer in size than standard rodent models [4]. Data are limited on identifying autonomic neurons and associated cell bodies, including the NG in swine [5, 6]. The importance and study of pulmonary neurobiology in acute lung injury is gaining momentum and often requires the use of large animal models, including swine. With no previous reports of the identification and subsequent histopathologic confirmation of the NG and TRPV1 in swine, we provide our experiences in identifying the NG in common crossbred piglets used in an acute lung injury model investigating the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The vagal nerve was dissected based on anticipated location. Figure 1 outlines the two anatomical patterns of the vagal laryngeal branches as previously described by Ding et al. [4]. Figure 2 illustrates the NG structure of one animal on gross examination with this animal having anatomical pattern A from Fig. 1. Histopathologic assessment confirmed the NG on hematoxylin The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Nationwide Children’s Hospital with strict adherence to the IACUC guidelines regarding humane use of animals.
Seasonal storage of energy in solar heating

Abstract This paper focuses on several aspects of seasonal storage for space heating using water as the storage medium. The interrelationships between collector area, storage volume, and system performance are investigated using the transient simulation program TRNSYS. The situations for which seasonal storage is most promising are presented. Particular emphasis is placed upon design of seasonal storage systems. A design method is presented which is applicable for storage capacities ranging from a few days to seasonal storage. This design method, coupled with cost information, should be useful in assessing the economic viability of seasonal storage systems. Also investigated are the importance of the load heat exchanger size, tank insulation, collector slope, and year-to-year weather variations in system design.
A Graphical Exposition of the Link between Two Representations of the Excess Burden of Taxation

The excess burden of taxation typically has two graphical representations in undergraduate microeconomics and public finance textbooks: the IC/BC (indifference curve/budget constraint) representation and the demand/supply representation. The IC/BC representation has the advantage of showing the behavioral response to a distortionary tax and how a substitution effect alone contributes to the excess burden, whereas the demand/supply representation, also known as the Harberger Triangle, has the advantage of being easily estimated using observable variables. The authors provide a link between the two excess burden representations by illustrating how the Harberger Triangle in the demand/supply framework corresponds to the line segment that represents the excess burden in the IC/BC framework.
Reports from Other Journals: Gleanings from Scientific American

Scientific American provides a rich resource of background and general interest material for topics of chemical interest that can be used to supplement and enhance chemistry lecture and laboratory courses.