cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on Filter Cleaning Performances Measured by VDI and JIS Testing Rigs for Cleanable Fabric Filter

VDI type-1 rig and JIS rig are the two major testing rigs for cleanable fabric filters. We measured the filter cleaning performance using these rigs and the results were compared in order to characterize the two testing methods. It is found that filter cleaning has no direct relation with flow type of test rig. And configuration differences between VDI type-1 and JIS rigs causes the various differential pressure development curves in which VDI type-1 rig shows a little higher cake release effect than JIS rig. Moreover, a new concept of impulse per unit area is introduced for the evaluation on filter cleaning performance in a quantitative way.
Iothalamate Quantification by Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Measure Glomerular Filtration Rate

Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be determined by measuring renal clearance of the radiocontrast agent iothalamate. Current analytic methods for quantifying iothalamate concentrations in plasma and urine using liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis have limitations such as long analysis times and susceptibility to interferences. We developed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to overcome these limitations. Methods: Urine and plasma samples were deproteinized using acetonitrile and centrifugation. The supernatant was diluted in water and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a water:methanol gradient. We monitored 4 multiple reaction monitoring transitions: m / z 614.8–487.0, 614.8–456.0, 614.8–361.1, and 614.8–177.1. We compared the results to those obtained via our standard capillary electrophoresis (CE-UV) on samples from 53 patients undergoing clinical GFR testing. Results: Mean recovery was 90%–110% in both urine and plasma matrices. Imprecision was ≤15% for the m / z 614.8–487.0 and 614.8–456.0 transitions over a 10-day period at 1 mg/L. Method comparison for 159 patient samples (53 clearances) provided the following Passing–Bablok regressions: plasma iothalamate LC-MS/MS (y) vs CE-UV (x) , y = 0.99 x + 0.36; urine iothalamate LC-MS/MS vs CE-UV, y = 1.01 x + 0.31; corrected GFR LC-MS/MS vs CE-UV, y = 1.00 x + 0.00. Interfering substances prevented accurate iothalamate quantification by CE-UV in 2 patients, whereas these samples could be analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Conclusions: Iothalamate can be quantified by LC-MS/MS for GFR measurement. This method circumvents potential problems with interfering substances that occasionally confound accurate GFR determinations.
Implementation of targeted interventions to decrease antiretroviral-related errors in hospitalized patients.

Purpose The implementation and effectiveness of targeted interventions aimed at decreasing the frequency of antiretroviral-related errors in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are described. Summary A prospective investigation conducted at the University of North Carolina Hospitals revealed a high rate of antiretroviral-related errors occurring on admission to the hospital and throughout a patient’s hospital stay. The high frequency of errors emphasized the need for targeted interventions aimed at preventing these errors and quickly identifying and resolving errors that do occur. Several interventions aimed at decreasing this error rate were instituted, including the addition of computer alerts for incorrect doses and drug interactions to the pharmacy order-entry system, distribution of an educational pocket-sized card among the staff, addition of commercially available combination antiretroviral products to the hospital formulary, updates of the computerized prescriber-order-entry (CPOE) system to include common dosage defaults, involvement of the infectious diseases consultation service to evaluate prescribed regimens of newly admitted patients with HIV, and daily review of newly initiated anti-retroviral regimens by a clinical pharmacist trained in HIV care. A follow-up analysis was conducted after these interventions were implemented to evaluate their effectiveness. Of the 78 patients identified during the postintervention analysis, 12 (15%) had at least one error in their initial drug regimen versus 49 patients (72%) in the preintervention study ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Antiretroviral medication error rates decreased after the implementation of targeted interventions that included distributing an educational pocket-sized card, adding alerts to the pharmacy order- entry system, incorporating default dosages into the CPOE system, and adding combination antiretrovirals to the formulary.
Cytotoxic Antibody Response to Tumors Induced in Adult and Newborn Rabbits by Fibroma Virus

Cells cultured from tumors induced in rabbits by inoculation of fibroma virus possessed virus-specific cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens. Tumor cell cultures were capable of a limited number of cell divisions before degenerating. Employing the (51)Cr-release test and the microcytotoxicity test, it was demonstrated that sera from rabbits with regressed fibroma tumors contained antibodies cytotoxic for cells infected in culture with fibroma virus. These sera were only weakly cytotoxic for cultured fibroma tumor cells. In addition, newborn rabbits bearing progressively growing tumors had serum antibodies cytotoxic for cells infected with fibroma virus in culture but not for fibroma tumor cells. Immunofluorescence studies also showed that the reaction of immune serum with the surface antigens of fibroma tumor cells was markedly weaker than with the surface antigens of cells infected with virus in culture. Furthermore, membrane cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence reaction were significantly reduced when cells were tested after prolonged incubation or cell division, or both, following infection with fibroma virus. The failure of tumors to regress in newborn rabbits in spite of the presence of cytotoxic antibodies is discussed in respect to a possible reduction or alteration of virus-specific surface antigens on proliferating tumor cells.
The Paradox of Ethnic Equality

Selon les resultats d'une etude ethnographique menee en Allemagne dans deux quartiers urbains, les Allemands affirment leur attachement a l'egalite ethnique mais stigmatisent avec des termes classificatoires negatifs, ceux de leurs voisins turcs qui realisent une mobilite sociale ascendante. Ce faisant ils sapent la norme antiraciste sans la mettre explicitement en question. On tente d'expliquer ce paradoxe par la conviction repandue de l'importance primordiale de la parente qui fondamentalement a partie liee avec un ordre symbolique de l'inegalite ethnique.
Motor Skill Training, but not Voluntary Exercise, Improves Skilled Reaching After Unilateral Ischemic Lesions of the Sensorimotor Cortex in Rats

Background and Purpose. Exercise and rehabilitative training each have been implicated in the promotion of restorative neural plasticity after cerebral injury. Because motor skill training induces synaptic plasticity and exercise increases plasticity-related proteins, we asked if exercise could improve the efficacy of training on a skilled motor task after focal cortical lesions. Methods. Female young and middle-aged rats were trained on the single-pellet retrieval task and received unilateral ischemic sensorimotor cortex lesions contralateral to the trained limb. Rats then received both, either, or neither voluntary running and/or rehabilitative training for 5 weeks beginning 5 days postlesion. Motor skill training consisted of daily practice of the impaired forelimb in a tray-reaching task. Exercised rats had free access to running wheels for 6 h/day. Reaching function was periodically probed using the singlepellet retrieval task. Results. In young adults, motor skill training significantly enhanced skilled reaching recovery compared to controls. However, exercise did not significantly enhance performance when administered alone or in combination with skill training. There was also no major benefit of exercise in older rats. Additionally, there were no effects of exercise in a measure of coordinated forelimb placement (the foot-fault test) or in immunocytochemical measures of several plasticityrelated proteins in the motor cortex. Conclusions. In young and middle-aged animals, exercise did not improve motor skill training efficacy following ischemic lesions. Practicing motor skills more effectively improved recovery of these skills than did exercise. It remains possible that an alternative manner of administering exercise would be more effective.
Pharmaceutical promotions and conflict of interest in nurse practitioner's decision making: The undiscovered country

Purpose To increase nurse practitioners’ (NPs) awareness of the conflict of interest that exists between the NPs’ primary goal of making the best medication choices for patients and the potentially negative impact that the pharmaceutical industry's marketing strategies have on these choices. Data sources Selected healthcare professional, philosophical, and bioethical literature was reviewed. Conclusions Healthcare professionals are given gifts, dinners, and other inducements in the drug industry's effort to increase consumerism and drug sales. The current method of drug promotion increases sales but also increases healthcare expenses. Research also indicates that the pharmaceutical marketing strategies influence the judgments that NPs and other healthcare professionals make about patient care and drug prescriptions. Implications Guidelines are presented that can reduce the likelihood that any conflict of interest that exists will influence NPs’ decisions about patient care.
Envy, shame, and sadism.

In this article, envy is identified as a drive derivative, erupting as a definable behavior in the anal phase of psychosexual development, locating envy as first being e xperienced d uring t he s tage o f s elf-development , separation/individuation. The aim of envy, as identified by the nature of the investment the subject makes in envied objects, is described as “aquisitiveness,” or, following Klein, sadism, defined in terms of the subject wanting to incorporate the envied object, making the aim of envy narcissistic, that is, an aggrandizing of the self. The usual aim assigned to envy, destructiveness, is conceptualized as a defense against the cannibalistic hunger of envy, in response to the regulatory affect, shame. The dynamic of this defense accounts for the dyadic nature of the object of envy (as opposed to jealousy), supporting the “splitting” quality of this defense. This rendering of envy, shame, and sadism promotes the integration of narcissistic urges into normative psychosexual development and deepens an understanding of the splitting defense in pathological narcissism.
Pancreatic cancer: total costs and utilization of health services.

Background and Objectives Pancreatic cancer ranks 11th in incidence, and fifth in cancer deaths, with 29,000 affected annually. Accurate estimates of the cost of pancreatic cancer are unavailable; existing estimates are variable or not generalizable. This paper presents detailed cost estimates for pancreatic cancer by service, age, and gender. Methods Direct and indirect societal costs are determined using a prevalence-based, human capital approach. Results Total annual costs are $4.9 billion, (men: $3.0 billion, women: $1.9 billion). Total direct costs are $881 million, with 71% ($627.1 M/$881.3 M) for those over 65 years. Total hospital costs are 77% ($679.5 M/$881.3 M) of total direct costs. Total indirect costs are $4.0 billion, with 63% ($2,518.43 M/$4,018 M) for those 45 to 64 years. Mortality costs are $3.7 billion, 93% ($3,739 M/$4,018 M) of indirect costs. Conclusions This paper presents cost estimates that are precise and generalizable to the general population. The surgical cost burden may be less than indicated previously, with most hospitalizations not including a major procedure, and average operating room costs accounting for only 9% ($1,045/$11,055) of hospital costs. Women have significantly less cancer-directed surgery than men. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999:71:171–181. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Small molecule therapeutics targeting F-box proteins in cancer

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays vital roles in maintaining protein equilibrium mainly through proteolytic degradation of targeted substrates. The archetypical SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase complex contains a substrate recognition subunit F-box protein that recruits substrates to the catalytic ligase core for its polyubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Several well-characterized F-box proteins have been demonstrated that are tightly linked to neoplasia. There is mounting information characterizing F-box protein-substrate interactions with the rationale to develop unique therapeutics for cancer treatment. Here we review that how F-box proteins function in cancer and summarize potential small molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Glasnost' in the Archives? Recent Developments on the Soviet Archival Scene

Soviet archivists and researchers are looking to a new spirit of historical awareness to penetrate and transform the functions and mandates of archival service. One manifestation of the new openness in Soviet society is the discussion and open criticism of the existing archival system that has been appearing in the Soviet press. The author traces that discussion and draws on extensive experience with Soviet archives to describe access, appraisal, and description policies and practices. If trends toward more glasnost' continue in Soviet society and its historical scholarship, they will require that the current discussion and criticism lead to fundamental restructuring of archival policies and practices.
Professions for Web 10.0

As new technologies unfold, the Internet could be a pivotal driving force for new job creation. Here, Editor-in-Chief Brian Blake discusses potential new occupations.
Un/Safe Disclosures: Scenes of Disability and Trauma

The article begins with a discussion of how debates over “trigger warnings” require a re-evaluation of the place of trauma in disability studies, arguing that our failure to engage the traumatic effects of disability constricts our work. Next, the article examines three scenes of disability disclosure that are entangled with questions of tragedy and trauma. These were settings that presumed one kind of disclosure but compelled another and, as a result, competing notions of safety and accessibility bumped up against one another. The first scene, a BDSM workshop, raises questions about which traumas are recognizable in different settings, while the second, the Society for Disability Studies annual conference, challenges assumptions about the very possibility of “safe” spaces. The article moves to a third scene, the disability studies classroom, in order to complicate the intertwinings of disability disclosure, trauma, and their effects. Throughout, there is an argument for the necessity of disability theori...
Market Inclusion Through Enhanced Eco-Management in Bulgarian Farms

Enhancing environmental performance is a prospective way for increasing market inclusion, effectiveness and sustainability of small-scale farms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Nevertheless, with very few exceptions there are no studies on forms, factors and efficiency of ‘eco-driven’ market inclusion of smallholders in modern supply chains in Bulgaria. This paper presents the findings of a first large scale study on state, driving forces, and efficiency of market inclusion of farms through enhanced eco-management in Bulgaria. First, we identify diverse forms of eco-management in farms with different sizes, market orientation, product specialization, and location. Second, we assess costs, effects, and efficiency of eco-management, including the extent it contributes to increased market inclusion of farms. Third, we specify critical personal, economic, contractual, institutional, etc., factors of managerial choice in the eco-active farms. Finally, we estimate perspectives of expansion of this particular mode of market inclusion, and suggest directions for improving public policies and business strategies of smallholders.
The Pipeline Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry

This chapter presents an overview of the Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental Education program as it was conducted at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry from 2002 to 2007. Pipeline programs, sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The
Relation between P- and S-wave corner frequencies in the seismic spectrum

A comprehensive set of body-wave spectra has been calculated for the Haskell fault model generalized to a circular fault surface. These spectra are used to show that in practice the P -wave corner frequency ( ƒ p ) may exceed the S -wave corner frequency ( ƒ s ) when near-sonic or transonic rupture propagation obtains. The explanation appears to be that in such cases ƒ s is so large that it is not identified within the recorded band, but rather a secondary corner is mistaken for ƒ s . As a consequence of failing to detect the true asymptotic trend, the high-frequency falloff of the spectrum with frequency is substantially less for S waves than for P waves. This explanation appears to be consistent with the demonstration by Molnar, Tucker, and Brune (1973) that ƒ p may exceed ƒ s .
Analysis of relevant proteins from bone graft harvested using the reamer irrigator and aspirator system (RIA) versus iliac crest (IC) bone graft and RIA waste water

Abstract Purpose Femoral reaming using a Reamer Irrigator Aspirator (RIA) can produce greater than three liters of waste water per procedure, which contains cells and proteins that could promote bone healing. This purpose of this study was to determine the protein profile of RIA waste water and compare protein synthesis by cells harvested via RIA versus iliac crest (IC) bone graft. Method Bone graft was collected from 30 patients—15 using RIA from the femur and 15 harvested from the iliac crest. Waste water collected during the RIA procedure was analyzed in 12 patients. Cells from each graft were cultured in monolayer using growth media for 14 days and inductive media for the next 14 days. Media samples were collected on days 14, 21, and 28. Proteins for analysis were chosen based on their potential in bone healing, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory processes. Results Proteins present in RIA waste water indicate the potential for clinical use of this filtrate as an adjunct for enhancing bone production, healing, and remodeling. Similarly, cells cultured from RIA bone graft harvests compared favorably to those from iliac crest bone grafts with respect to their potential to aid in bone healing. Conclusion RIA waste water has potential to serve as an autogenic and allogenic enhancer for bone healing. Continued development of processing protocols for viable commercial use of the waste water and pre-clinical studies designed to evaluate RIA waste water products for bone healing are ongoing.
Staphylococcal exotoxins and nasal polyposis: analysis of systemic and local responses.

BackgroundStaphylococcal exotoxins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and, most recently, chronic rhinosinus...
Cannulation of the ascending aorta for cardiopulmonary bypass. Experience with 9,000 cases

The Cleveland Clinic team has now accumulated experience with cannulation of the ascending aorta for arterial return in more than 9,000 patients. Since adoption of this technique, only one lethal dissection has occurred and other related complications have been minimal. Technique, surgical pitfalls, contraindications, and complications of ascending aortic cannulation are discussed in this communication.
Combining Architecture and Algorithm for Yield Enhancement and Fault Tolerance

IC manufacturers have traditionally met customers’ demands for ever increasing chip processing capability by decreasing feature size. The alternative -- significantly increasing the chip area -- has thus far not been economically competitive, owing primarily to the low yield of larger circuit areas [1].
Constitutional Qualms or Politics as Usual? The Factors Shaping Public Support for Unilateral Action

The formal institutional constraints that Congress and the courts impose on presidential unilateral action are feeble. As a result, recent scholarship suggests that public opinion may be the strongest check against executive overreach. However, little is known about how the public assesses unilateral action. Through a series of five survey experiments embedded in nationally representative surveys, we examine the extent to which Americans evaluate unilateral action based on constitutional, partisan, and policy concerns. We find that Americans do not instinctively reject unilateral action as a threat to our system of checks and balances, but instead evaluate unilateral action in terms of whether it accords or conflicts with their partisan and policy preference priors. Our results suggest that the public constraint on presidential unilateral action is far from automatic. Rather, the strength and scope of this check are variable products of political contestation in the public sphere. Replication Materials The data, code, and any additional materials required to replicate all analyses in this article are available on the American Journal of Political Science Dataverse within the Harvard Dataverse Network, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LWED0F.
Developing and Delivering a Needs-Based Integrated Pest Management Program for Public School Grounds Employees

Oregon Statute requires all Oregon schools to adopt an integrated pest management (IPM) plan, create a list of acceptable low-impact pesticides, designate an IPM Coordinator, participate in annual training for IPM Coordinators, and provide periodic training for other school employees. To assist Oregon schools in meeting the requirements of the Oregon IPM in schools law, we developed an engaging and needs-based IPM training curriculum for public school IPM Coordinators and grounds employees in the Portland Metropolitan area. We used a focus group and survey to identify high-priority training topics. These topics were (1) landscape rodent management, (2) landscape and turf weed management, (3) hardscape weed management, (4) building a low-maintenance landscape, and (5) maximizing low-impact pesticides. We conducted site visits to confirm the severity of these issues and determine if other IPM-related topics need to be incorporated into the future training events. Four separate training events were held in two different school districts. The four training events collectively reached 66 employees from 15 of the 23 school districts in the Portland area. On-site surveys were used to assess the quality of the training; follow-up focus group interviews and an on-line survey were used to quantify the impacts of this training. According to the survey, the majority of the participants (67%) felt the training improved their knowledge of turf and landscape IPM. Final assessment determined that the majority of attendees have used the provided take home material (85.7%) and plan to decrease pesticide use by using the skills they learned (71.4%).
Molecular Biology of Stem Nodulation

Due to the agricultural importance of legumes and their symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, the term “Rhizobium-legume symbiosis” has become almost synonymous with the term “root nodule symbiosis”. Recent studies, however, have shown that nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation also occur on the stem of some legumes, including Aeschynomene and Sesbania. Upon association with specific Rhizobium strains, generally referred to as “stem rhizobia”, the Aeschynomene and Sesbania plants can form nodules on either roots or stems, or both (Yatazawa and Yoshida, 1979; Dreyfus and Ommergues, 1981; Eaglesham and Szalay, 1983). Unlike the formation of root nodules, stem nodulation in Aeschynomene is not significantly inhibited at increased concentrations of applied nitrogen, whereas the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in stem nodules is comparable to that of soybean root nodules (Legocki et al., 1983 a). These observations, along with the fact that repeated inoculations of Aeschynomene plants with stem Rhizobium result in an increased number of nodules (up to 450 per plant, Legocki et al., 1983 a), have recently led to an intensive research of the stem nodule symbiosis.
Repair of magnesium components by cold spray techniques

Publisher Summary The US Army and Navy have experienced significant corrosion problems with magnesium alloys that are used to fabricate aircraft components. The most severe of these are associated with large and expensive transmission and gearbox housings for rotorcraft, which have to be removed prematurely because of corrosion, adversely affecting fleet readiness and safety. Many of the parts cannot be reclaimed because there is not an existing technology that can restore them adequately for service. The replacement of these parts is very expensive, ranging in millions of dollars every year. One common repair technique, used for some of those parts that can be salvaged, involves the use of aluminum shims, which are adhesively bonded over the areas where corrosion has been ground down and dimensional restoration is required. The US Army Research Laboratory [“ARL”] Center for Cold Spray Technology has developed a cold spray process to reclaim magnesium components that shows significant improvement over existing methods and is in the process of qualification for use on rotorcraft. The cold spray repair has been shown to have superior performance in the tests conducted to date, is inexpensive, can be incorporated into production, and has been modified for field repair, making it a feasible alternative over competing technologies.
Molecular and Cellular Targets Affected by Green Tea Extracts in Vascular Cells

Consumption of green or black tea has been associated with a lower risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, but despite many studies, a firm connection has not been delineated. Several molecular and cellular mechanisms may play a role in the preventive activity of tea. As reviewed here, tea catechins can interact with a myriad of molecular targets (enzymes, receptors, transcription factors) involved in signal transduction and gene expression; accordingly, they can affect cellular behavior in many ways. Although the molecular mechanisms often remain unclear, promising experimental evidence suggests that tea catechins, and in particular epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, affect several key steps known to be involved in atherosclerosis development: they have antioxidative, vasculoprotective, anti-thrombogenic, anti-fibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects. As a consequence, they inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation, improve endothelial function, decrease blood pressure, improve dyslipidemia by reducing intestinal lipid absorption, and reduce obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetes. Future studies should sort out which of these effects are specific, whether they occur at physiological plasma and tissue concentrations after tea consumption, or whether they instead represent pharmacological effects of individual tea components at high doses.
Environmental Justice and the Lawn: Urban Parks in Shanghai, China

There is an increasing awareness of the human need for green spaces within cities as more people move to urban areas. This issue is of particular importance in highly polluted areas, such as Shanghai, China. This study addresses the human/nature intersection within metropolitan green spaces in Shanghai and asks the question; are Shanghai parks designed to be people friendly? To answer this question I collected observational data in relation to park structure and use, focusing on lawns. Analyzed with a framework of environmental justice, my observations show that although Western and Asian traditional intertwine in garden design and park layout, cultural differences remain for park use, creating a partial landscape of exclusion. Urban parks in Shanghai provide a welcoming place for its residents in the more traditionally Asian spaces, but not in the Western influenced landscape of lawns.
Reconnaissance geochronology and geochemistry of the Mont-Tremblant gneiss of the Morin terrane, Grenville Province, Québec

The Mont-Tremblant gneiss is a granulite-facies quartzofeldspathic orthogneiss unit in Morin terrane of the southwestern Grenville Province. These gneisses are the oldest rocks in the Morin terrane and country rocks to intrusions of the 1.15 Ga anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite. The Mont-Tremblant gneiss may also be basement to the Grenville Supergroup, but until now it has not been directly dated. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) geochronology of zircon from two penetratively deformed samples of Mont-Tremblant gneiss yields igneous ages of 1324 ± 38 Ma and 1333 ± 32 Ma (2σ), and one sample shows metamorphic zircon growth during the Shawinigan orogeny at 1159.4 ± 15.6 Ma. Geochemically, Mont-Tremblant gneiss samples are calc-alkaline, granitic, and show hallmarks of an evolved arc environment. These characteristics are consistent with the Mont-Tremblant gneiss being correlative with the Geon 14 Lacoste and Bondy suites in the Central Metasedimentary Belt of Quebec to the west, but contrast with the more juvenile tonalitic Geon 14 calc-alkaline suites in the Adirondack Highlands and other Grenville outliers in the Appalachian Mountains. This transition may reflect differences in the lithosphere along strike of the Laurentian margin during Geon 14 subduction.
Rise of “Science” in Stone Disease

Introduction and Objective The development of our modern notions about science arose in the Enlightenment and was potentiated throughout the eighteenth century and exemplified by the Royal Society. But industrialized and government-assisted science of the modern arose in the nineteenth century. The first national and international meetings on science began at this time. The understanding of diseases, stone disease included, finally began to fall with the onslaught of intense investigation, brilliant minds, and collaborative efforts.
Crystal structure of CO-bound cytochrome c oxidase determined by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography at room temperature.

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal enzyme in the electron transfer chain, translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane by harnessing the free energy generated by the reduction of oxygen to water. Several redox-coupled proton translocation mechanisms have been proposed, but they lack confirmation, in part from the absence of reliable structural information due to radiation damage artifacts caused by the intense synchrotron radiation. Here we report the room temperature, neutral pH (6.8), damage-free structure of bovine CcO (bCcO) in the carbon monoxide (CO)-bound state at a resolution of 2.3 A, obtained by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) with an X-ray free electron laser. As a comparison, an equivalent structure was obtained at a resolution of 1.95 A, from data collected at a synchrotron light source. In the SFX structure, the CO is coordinated to the heme a3 iron atom, with a bent Fe-C-O angle of ∼142°. In contrast, in the synchrotron structure, the Fe-CO bond is cleaved; CO relocates to a new site near CuB, which, in turn, moves closer to the heme a3 iron by ∼0.38 A. Structural comparison reveals that ligand binding to the heme a3 iron in the SFX structure is associated with an allosteric structural transition, involving partial unwinding of the helix-X between heme a and a3, thereby establishing a communication linkage between the two heme groups, setting the stage for proton translocation during the ensuing redox chemistry.
Multidisciplinary Perioperative Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.

Objectives To describe the effect of implementing a contemporary perioperative pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted protocol in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing noncardiac surgery (NCS). Methods The data of consecutive patients with PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization who underwent NCS between January 1, 2006 and February 9, 2016 were reviewed. Patient demographics, etiology of PAH, clinical features, diagnostic data, utilization of PH-specific medications, and trend of perioperative complications rate were recorded during the study period. Results In the base cohort of 375 patients, 37 had NCS. The mean age at surgery was 62 years. Most patients were women (78%) classified in group 1 PAH. At the time of the surgery, 86% were New York Heart Association functional class III/IV and 97% had American Society of Anesthesiologists classifications 3 and 4. A larger proportion of patients displayed lower PAH risk scores between 2006 and 2011 (P = 0.045). Conversely, a higher percentage of patients exhibited moderately high to very high PAH risk scores between 2012 and 2016 (P = 0.003). Perioperative and anesthetic-related morbidity was 27%, and no difference was observed between either period (P = 0.944). Most of the complications (70%) were related to general anesthesia. Two deaths (5%) occurred in our study group, both during the 2006-2011 period. Conclusions The combination of a multidisciplinary perioperative approach, utilization of novel pulmonary vascular disease-targeted therapy, adequate perioperative optimization, and thoughtful selection of anesthetic technique seems to be a potential strategy to at least maintain similar perioperative outcomes among higher- and lower-risk patients with PAH undergoing NCS.
Associations between fiber intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) among African-American women participating in a randomized weight loss and maintenance trial.

Abstract Introduction African-American women are at increased risk for obesity, and therefore it is important to identify dietary factors that have the potential to prevent weight gain within this population. The purpose of the current study was to examine associations between daily fiber intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) over the course of an 18-month weight loss intervention for African-American women. Methods Anthropometric measures and the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire were administered at baseline, 6-month, and 18-month follow-up between 2008 and 2010. A mixed-effects linear regression model with random intercept and time slope was used to model associations between fiber consumption and BMI controlling for time trend. Results Associations between fiber consumption and BMI were significantly different over time ( β Fiber ∗ Time = − 0.07 , p ‐ value = 0.003 ). There was no association between fiber intake and BMI at baseline; however, there was a significant inverse relation between fiber consumption and BMI at 6 months, and the association was even stronger at 18 months. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that dietary fiber consumption may be particularly important within weight loss interventions tailored for African-American women.
Efficiency degradation detection for VFD-motor-pump systems

Electric motor-driven fan, pump, and compressor systems accounted for 27% of the electricity usage in commercial sectors in United States in 2013. Therefore, even small efficiency improvements will produce very large energy savings. In fact, the efficiency of these systems deteriorates over their lifetime. The efficiency of motors could degrade by up to 5% while the efficiency of pumps could degrade by up to 25%. Since variable frequency drives (VFDs) are widely applied on electric motors, the efficiency degradation is more often concealed by the significant energy reduction introduced by VFDs. The purpose of this paper is to develop and demonstrate an approach, which can effectively detect the efficiency degradation of VFD-motor-pump systems by simply measuring the pump water flow rate and head as well as the system input power. First, the ideal system efficiency was modeled by combining the pump, motor, and VFD efficiencies and applied to correlate the pump water flow rate and head to the ideal system i...
Using the higher order singular value decomposition for video denoising

We present an algorithm for denoising of videos corrupted by additive i.i.d. zero mean Gaussian noise with a fixed and known standard deviation. Our algorithm is patch-based. Given a patch from a frame in the video, the algorithm collects similar patches from the same and adjacent frames. All the patches in this group are denoised using a transform-based approach that involves hard thresholding of insignificant coefficients. In this paper, the transform chosen is the higher order singular value decomposition of the group of similar patches. This procedure is repeated across the entire video in sliding window fashion. We present results on a well-known database of eight video sequences. The results demonstrate the ability of our method to preserve fine textures. Moreover we demonstrate that our algorithm, which is entirely driven by patch-similarity, can produce mean-squared error results which are comparable to those produced by state of the art techniques such as [1], as also methods such as [2] that explicitly use motion estimation before denoising.
q-Series and Theta-Functions

In Chapter 16, Ramanujan develops two closely related topics, q-series and theta-functions. The first 17 sections are devoted primarily to q-series, while the latter 22 sections constitute a very thorough development of the theory of theta-functions.
Phase 2 study of nivolumab in metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.

11007Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with monoclonal antibodies such as nivolumab has induced dramatic results in several types of cancers, although sarcoma subtypes have not been ex...
Abstract WP123: Timing and Risk Factors for Restenosis Following Carotid Endarterectomy and Angioplasty With Stenting

Background: We sought to determine the incidence of restenosis following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS), analyze temporal trends to identify an optimal fol...
Production of syngas with controllable H2/CO ratio by high temperature co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O over Ni and Co- doped lanthanum strontium ferrite perovskite cathodes

Abstract Conversion of CO2 and H2O into synthesis gas (a mixture of H2 and CO) in a high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an attractive route for CO2 utilization. Depending on the composition of the syngas, it can be directly used as a fuel or fed to an oxo process or a Fischer-Tropsch process to produce value added chemicals. Designing an efficient and stable cathode for an SOEC that can yield syngas with controllable H2/CO ratio is of fundamental interest. In the current study, Ni and Co- doped A-site deficient perovskite materials of the form La0.7Sr0.2NixCoyFe1-x-yO3 (x,y = 0; x = 0, y = 0.2; x = 0.1, y = 0.1; x = 0.2, y = 0) are studied as SOEC cathodes for co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O at 800 °C. Modifications of the surface and bulk properties of these materials due to doping were investigated using in-situ XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, electronic conductivity measurements, oxygen mobility test, in-situ DRIFTS and XANES. The Co- doped perovskite La0.7Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3 showed the lowest Faradaic efficiency and the ones doped with Ni showed nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency for total production of H2 and CO where the H2/CO ratio in the produced syngas increased with increasing Ni content in the cathode material. This ratio could be controlled by tuning the B-site dopant levels, cell voltage and H2O/CO2 ratio in the cathode feed stream. In-situ XANES studies showed that during CO2 and H2O co-electrolysis, the Co ions in La0.7Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3 may get oxidized, thus possibly reducing the number of oxygen vacancies in the material and hence lowering the electrochemical activity. Moreover, post-electrolysis analyses show that the Co- doped cathode forms graphitic carbon, which lowers the Faradaic efficiency for syngas production. No graphitic carbon formation was observed on the Ni- doped cathodes. A long-term co-electrolysis test performed for approximately 110 h on a La0.7Sr0.2Ni0.1Co0.1Fe0.8O3 cathode shows good stability of these materials in terms of electrochemical performance and coke resistance.
Measuring and Designing for a Range of Meaningful Emotions in an Informal Learning Environment

The Museum of Science, Boston offers visitors opportunities to engage in “doing” science, with a focus not just on transferring knowledge, but also encouraging inquiry. Engaging in science practice is an inherently emotional endeavor. This paper will discuss the Museum’s recent strategies for setting emotional goals and designing for a range of emotions, and will reflect on the affordances and challenges of different methods the Museum has used to measure emotion, including self-report, observation, eye tracking, and electrodermal activity – methods we believe can be applied in different institutions seeking to elucidate visitors’ emotional engagement journeys. It will then describe one exemplar case study: measuring and designing for “productive struggle,” an emotional arc during which visitors experience emotional disequilibrium but persist through discomfort and ultimately experience a satisfying resolution. This work stems from an NSF-funded design-based research project, Developing Guidelines for Designing Challenging and Rewarding Interactive Science Exhibits (DRL-1612577). (Abstract)
Manufacturing bioinspired flexible materials using ultrasound directed self-assembly and 3D printing

Abstract Biological materials that are composed of hierarchical microstructures embedded in a matrix material can display enhanced mechanical or material properties compared to an unstructured mixture of the same constituent materials. In this work, ultrasound directed self-assembly was integrated with 3D printing (direct-write (DW)) in a new manufacturing process called “ultrasound DW”, to enable the fabrication of engineered materials with properties mimicking those of natural materials. This process allows 3D printing feedstock that consists of a liquid photopolymer resin with dispersed microfibers, and enables fabricating materials with lines of aligned carbon microfibers. The effect of the ultrasound operating frequency and print speed on the alignment of the fibers, distance between adjacent lines of aligned fibers, as well as the resulting electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. The results showed that the lines of aligned fibers in the material samples display statistically significant differences in terms of the distance between the adjacent lines of aligned fibers when looking at the factors of the ultrasound operating frequency and the print speed. The lines of aligned fibers form local percolated networks resulting in electrically conductive areas. The ultrasound DW process allows the fabrication of materials with integrated substructures that tune specific material properties.
Response to the letter from Dr Yifeng Ren et al

We appreciated that Dr Niu and his co-authors found our paper[1][1] ,[2][2] of interest. He brought up several points, which we agree are worth clarifying. First, Dr Niu was interested in including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by Hecht et al and Wang et al reporting the pain-related
The impact of squamous cell carcinoma histology on outcomes in nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND The prognosis for nonmetastatic, primary pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is thought to be poor compared with adenocarcinoma (AC); however, this is based on limited data. Additionally, the optimal definitive treatment strategy for nonmetastatic pancreatic SCC is unknown. METHODS We analyzed patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer using the National Cancer Database for patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2014. Patients were analyzed according to histology-only AC, adenosquamous carcinoma (A-SCC), and SCC were included. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 94 928 cases were included; 94 016 AC, 757 A-SCC, and 155 SCC. Median OS was lower for SCC (8.67 months), compared to AC (13.93 months) and A-SCC (12.71 months, P < .001). SCC was resected less often (25.5% vs 46.7% and 74.5%). On subgroup analysis of patients with pancreatic SCC, factors on multivariate analysis associated with improved survival included surgery (HR 0.19, P < .001), and chemotherapy (HR 0.22, P = .01). In 38 patients with SCC undergoing surgical resection, median OS improved (MS = 6.8 months without surgery vs 21.3 months with surgery, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Nonmetastatic pancreatic SCC presents with more advanced disease, which is less often surgically resected or treated with any definitive local therapy. In contrast, AC and A-SCC behave more similarly and have higher surgical resection rates and improved survival. In patients with nonmetastatic SCC of the pancreas, surgical resection provides the most significant survival benefit, with systemic chemotherapy providing a less significant benefit, and localized radiation providing no statistical benefit for any subgroup.
A hydrologic feature detection algorithm to quantify seasonal components of flow regimes

Abstract Seasonal flow transitions between wet and dry conditions are a primary control on river conditions, including biogeochemical processes and aquatic life-history strategies. In regions like California with highly seasonal flow patterns and immense interannual variability, a rigorous approach is needed to accurately identify and quantify seasonal flow transitions from the annual flow regime. Drawing on signal processing theory, this study develops a transferable approach to detect the timing of seasonal flow transitions from daily streamflow time series using an iterative smoothing, feature detection, and windowing methodology. The approach is shown to accurately identify and characterize seasonal flows across highly variable natural flow regimes in California. A quantitative error assessment validated the accuracy of the approach, finding that inaccuracies in seasonal timing identification did not exceed 10%, with infrequent exceptions. Results for seasonal timing were also used to highlight the statistically distinct timing found across streams with varying climatic drivers in California. The proposed approach improves understanding of spatial and temporal trends in hydrologic processes and climate conditions across complex landscapes and informs environmental water management efforts by delineating timing of seasonal flows.
Removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin from wastewater by vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) as a function of nutrient concentrations

Antibiotics have been widely used not only for the treatment and prevention of human infectious diseases but also to promote growth and prevent infections in farm animals. These antibiotics enter the environment via wastewater treatment plants, most of which cannot remove them. In addition to antibiotics, nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) also create major environmental pollution problems in surface water. Previously, we reported that vetiver grass [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty] successfully removed antibiotics from secondary wastewater effluent. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the potential of vetiver grass to remove two antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TTC), from wastewater in the presence of high N and P. Our results show that vetiver grass significantly (p < 0.05) removed antibiotics (60-94% CIP and 89-100% TTC) and nutrients (78-89% N and 71-97% P) from the secondary wastewater effluent. The removal of antibiotics dropped with increasing nutrient concentrations. The removal efficiency was mainly affected by the presence of N rather than P in the secondary wastewater effluent. The presence of CIP induced more stress on vetiver grass compared to TTC. Vetiver also removed total organic carbon (48-73%) and chemical oxygen demand (73-82%), but their removal was also affected by the nutrient content in the secondary wastewater effluent.