cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathological fractures in epilepsy

Fracture rates in epilepsy are two to three times that for the general population, although the influence of gender and age is not well defined. We examined, over a 7-year period at a single health care center, 750 patients with epilepsy who sustained the fractures. Among these patients, 293 (39%) had pathological fractures and 457 (61%) had traumatic/seizure-related fractures. Pathological fractures accounted for 71% of the 146 patients >60 years, a group traditionally at risk for pathological fractures (P < 0.02). Fractures in epilepsy are distributed with bimodal peaks in the fifth and eighth decades of life, although pathological fractures are a significant contributor across the life span, accounting for 20 to 40% of patients traditionally thought not to be at risk for involutional osteoporotic fractures. Together these findings suggest that epilepsy, and/or its treatment, is a dominant influence in the pathogenesis of fractures and may exacerbate the effects of aging-related involutional osteoporosis.
Serum leptin levels in acute protein deprivation.

Background: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) induces a host neuroendocrine response, reflected by significant elevations in circulating glucocorticoid levels and associated with metabolic and immune dysfunction. Leptin regulates food intake and body mass and has a significant impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). We hypothesized that leptin may be altered by and may play an important role in regulating the effects of PEM. Methods: Female Balb/c mice were used. In experiment 1, mice were pair-fed either a protein-free (0% casein) or control (24% casein) diet for 7 days. In experiment 2, mice were implanted with either a placebo or corticosterone-releasing pellet and fed the control diet for 7 days. In experiment 3, adrenalectomized mice were pair-fed either the protein-free or control diet for 7 days. Serum corticosterone and leptin levels were measured in all experiments. Results: PEM caused significant reductions in food intake, body weight, and total body fat, but not lean body mass. Serum corticosterone and leptin levels were significantly greater in mice fed the protein-free diet. Subcutaneous implantation of a corticosterone pellet in mice fed the control diet resulted in a significantly elevated serum leptin level compared with placebo-implanted controls. Bilateral adrenalectomy partially blunted the increased serum leptin in PEM. Conclusions: Leptin may be an important mediator of weight loss and decreased food intake in PEM. Elevated serum leptin in PEM may be secondary to elevated serum corticosterone, with other factors inherent in the host response to protein restriction also contributing to elevated serum leptin.
The application of anodic stripping voltammetry to forensic science I. The construction of a low-cost polarograph

Abstract Intended for forensic gunshot residue analyses and other applications, a low-cost (about $250.00) polarograph was constructed. This instrument is essentially' an operational amplifier version of a three-electrode potentiostat containing a voltage ramp generator, a scan amplifier, an amplifier and a current-to-voltage converter, two voltage followers and an electrolysis cell. An anodic stripping procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of a zinc, cadmium, lead, antimony and copper mixture, and used for testing the instrument. Effects of pre-electrolysis time, concentration changes, presence of other species and overlapping were also studied.
Unemployed Adults’ Career Thoughts, Career Self‐Efficacy, and Interest: Any Similarity to College Students?

Little empirical knowledge about unemployed adults exists during a time when this group needs substantial career assistance. Because there is greater empirical understanding of college student career development compared with what is known about unemployed adults, a chi square and analyses of covariance were used to compare the career thinking, self-efficacy, and interests of 169 unemployed adults seeking public job center assistance with that of 200 college students. Additionally, a diverse sample of 2,444 unemployed adults is demographically reviewed. Unemployed adults reported a higher level of Realistic interests and similar levels of negative career thinking and career decision-making self-efficacy compared with college students.
Opposite Cx32 and Cx26 voltage-gating response to CO2 reflects opposite voltage-gating polarity.

Previous studies have shown that the Vj-dependent gating behavior of gap junction channels is altered by CO2 exposure. Vj-dependent channel closure is increased by CO2 in some connexin channels and decreased in others. Since the former type of channels gate on the relatively negative side by Vj (negative gaters) and the latter at the positive side (positive gaters), it has been hypothesized that gating polarity determines the way CO2 affects Vj closure. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the CO2-mediated changes in Vj gating in channels made of Cx32, Cx26, or a Cx32 mutant (Cx32-N2D) in which asparagine (N) at position 2 was replaced with aspartate (D). With exposure to CO2, Cx32 channels (negative gaters) show increased Vj-dependent closure, whereas Cx26 channels (positive gaters) respond in the opposite way to Vj. Additionally, Cx32-N2D channels (positive gaters) show decreased Vj closure with exposure to CO2. The reciprocal Cx26 mutant, Cx26-D2N (negative gater), could not be tested because it did not express functional homotypic channels. The data support the hypothesis that polarity of fast Vj gating determines whether CO2 increases or decreases the Vj dependent closure of gap junction channels.
Predation and the evolution of prey behavior: an experiment with tree hole mosquitoes

We tested for facultative changes in behavior of an aquatic insect in response to cues from predation and for evolution of prey behavior in response to experimental predation regimes. Larvae of the tree hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus reduced filtering, browsing, and time below the surface in response to water that had held a feeding larva of the predator Toxorhynchites rutilus. We subjected experimental A. triseriatus populations to culling of 50% of the larval population, either by T. rutilus predation or by random removal. After two generations of laboratory culling, behavior of the two treatment groups diverged. Aedes triseriatus in control-culled lines retained their facultative shift from filtering to resting, but tended to lose the response of reduced browsing below the surface in water that had held a feeding predator. Predator-culled lines lost their facultative response of reduced filtering in water that had held a feeding predator and evolved toward more time resting and less time filtering in both water that had held a feeding predator and water that had held only A. triseriatus. Predator-culled lines retained their facultative response of reduced browsing below the surface in water that had held a feeding predator. Two field populations and their reciprocal hybrids responded similarly to cues from predation and did not differ in their evolutionary response to experimental culling. We conclude that consistent presence or absence of predation can select rapidly for divergence in prey behavior, including facultative behavioral responses to predators. Key words: activity, Aedes triseriatus, behavioral responses, constitutive behavior, facultative antipredator behavior, feeding behavior, predation, predator avoidance behavior, Toxorhynchites rutilus. [Behav Ecol 13:301–311 (2002)]
Implementation of an efficient transport for real-time game applications on HFC cable networks

On HFC cable networks, in order to develop a real-time game application, we face a design problem to efficiently transmit packets with reliability. This paper introduces the SCRA (server-based collision resolution and avoidance) scheme. SCRA is a reliable transport method using UDP for real-time applications on HFC networks. In this design, we first analyze the collision probability, and estimate the required throughput on an upstream contention channel. SCRA controls the packet delivery, de-correlates the traffic bursts, and maintains a stable throughput for the application. The simulation shows that SCRA achieves ideal transmission time and bandwidth utilization. We also give the formulae to derive the parameters for a specific real-time application using SCRA.
Delayed Clearance of Pneumocystis carinii Infection, Increased Inflammation, and Altered Nitric Oxide Metabolism in Lungs of Surfactant Protein-D Knockout Mice

Surfactant protein-D (SP-D), a member of the "collectin" family, has been shown to play a role in innate immunity through modulation of inflammation and clearance of organisms. The role of SP-D in host defense against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was assessed using SP-D knockout (KO) mice. When inoculated with P. carinii, both wild-type (wt) and SP-D KO mice required CD4 cell depletion to develop infection. In CD4 cell-depleted models, 2 weeks after infection with P. carinii, SP-D KO mice developed increased intensity of infection, compared with wt mice, despite higher lung-inflammation scores and increased amounts of alveolar inflammatory cells. The increased inflammation seen in SP-D KO mice was accompanied by increases in lung weight, expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, total NO levels, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels in lung tissue. These results indicate that SP-D plays a role in host defense against P. carinii in vivo by modulating clearance of organisms, lung inflammation, and metabolism of NO.
In-hospital fellow coverage reduces communication errors in the surgical intensive care unit☆

Abstract Background Staff coverage strategies of intensive care units (ICUs) impact clinical outcomes. High-intensity staff coverage strategies are associated with lower morbidity and mortality. Accessible clinical expertise, team work, and effective communication have all been attributed to the success of this coverage strategy. We evaluate the impact of in-hospital fellow coverage (IHFC) on improving communication of cardiorespiratory events. Methods A prospective observational study performed in an academic tertiary care center with high-intensity staff coverage. The main outcome measure was resident to fellow communication of cardiorespiratory events during IHFC vs home coverage (HC) periods. Results Three hundred twelve cardiorespiratory events were collected in 114 surgical ICU patients in 134 study days. Complete data were available for 306 events. One hundred three communication errors occurred. IHFC was associated with significantly better communication of events compared to HC ( P P P P P Conclusions IHFC reduced communication errors.
Comparative study of interictal PET and ictal SPECT in complex partial seizures.

Objective To compare the sensitivity of ictal 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with interictal 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in localization of the epileptogenic focus in patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (MI-CPS). Material and methods Retrospective analysis was performed on patients with MI-CPS who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy from January 1993 onwards when PET became available to us for clinical studies at the Indiana University Medical Center. There were 38 female and 29 male patients (total = 67) with MI-CPS, 10 to 55.5 years of age (mean 31) and duration of their epilepsy from 1-46 years (mean 21). Interictal PET was evaluated for evidence of focal hypometabolism and ictal SPECT for focal perfusion abnormality (hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion) by visual analysis. Results Both ictal SPECT and interictal FDG-PET studies were obtained in 36 patients with MI-CPS. PET showed definite hypometabolism in 30 and questionable hypometabolism in an additional two patients. Ictal SPECT correctly localized the seizure focus in 27 patients by demonstrating ictal hyperperfusion whereas in one the hyperperfusion was falsely localized. In an additional seven patients the ictal SPECT provided probable localization by demonstrating ictal hypoperfusion in the appropriate temporal lobe. The sensitivity of ictal SPECT and interictal PET was 34/36 and 32/36, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (chi 2y = 0.18, DF = 1, P = 0.67). In six of the 36 patients the two tests were complementary to each other in providing localizing information. Conclusion Ictal SPECT and interictal PET are equally sensitive and reliable techniques in localizing the epileptogenic focus in patients with MI-CPS. They play a critical role in providing localization in MRI negative patients allowing surgical resection to be undertaken in many without additional invasive electrographic monitoring.
Executive Stock Option Exercise and Seasoned Equity Offerings

We examine executive stock option exercises around a sample of 1,268 seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) from 1996 to 2004 focusing on a subset of exercises we identify as potentially informed. Consistent with the theory that firms issue equity when stock is overvalued, we document a surge in informed exercise in the months surrounding the SEO. From six months prior to the announcement date to six months after issuance, an average 1.76% of the total market capitalization for issuing firms is exercised and sold. Interestingly, we find a positive association between informed option exercises and long-run performance. Overall, our collective evidence indicates that insiders are not particularly good at timing exercises around SEOs.
Carobn-14 Ages Related to Occurrence of Salt Water

Under native conditions Hilton Head Island, SC, the original regional flow path was northeastward (generally from the south end to the north end of the island). At the south end, the fresh water (less than 35 mg per 1 chloride content) is older than 22,000 yr. In the central and higher part of the island, the age of the fresh water ranges from about 2,000 yr to 12,000 yr. This age range is interpreted to mean that with a lowering of regional head, owing to heavy pumping in the Savannah, GA, area, regional flow has reversed, and recharge is being induced into the aquifer in this area. In the central part of the island, the deeper contaminated zone (chloride content about 1,500 mg per 1) has an age of about 26,000 yr B.P. In the northern part of the area, water of the same chloride content has an age of about 7,000 yr B.P. In this study, therefore, radiocarbon concentrations show: (1) the effects of reversal of flow; (2) the area of resultant recharge; (3) the area of modern ocean-water encroachment; and (4) the area of contamination by saline formation water.
The influence of storm characteristics on hydrological connectivity in intermittent channel networks: implications for nitrogen transport and denitrification

Summary Intermittent channel networks pose particular challenges for monitoring the extent of material transport and retention in arid river basins as a result of pulsed and highly variable rainfall-runoff dynamics. Here, we examine how rainfall characteristics influence hydrological connectivity along a terrestrial–aquatic flowpath from upland hillslopes to low order intermittent channel networks. In addition, we explore the implications for nitrogen loss via denitrification as a function of variable flowpath length and soil water conditions associated with intermittent flow. The size, timing and intensity of storms influenced the extent of hydrological connectivity and highest order channel flow. During summer monsoons, highest order channel flow increased most strongly with storm size, while in winter, the combination of days since last storm and storm intensity provided the best model; however, models containing storm size were also highly ranked. Riparian terrace and vegetated hillslope soils had the highest denitrification potential; however, rates in channel sediments also were appreciable. Deep channel sediments dried slowly and may therefore remain biologically active for longer periods, increasing the potential for N losses via denitrification. The extent of N transport, storage and denitrification is in large part driven by the frequency, intensity and duration of individual rainfall events. Individual storm characteristics influence the magnitude of vertical and horizontal hydrological connectivity in the catchment, and therefore, the magnitude of transport, solute storage and biogeochemical processing in intermittent channel basins.
Airborne system for multispectral, multiangle polarimetric imaging

In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, calibration, and deployment of an airborne multispectral polarimetric imager. The motivation for the development of this instrument was to explore its ability to provide information about water constituents, such as particle size and type. The instrument is based on four 16 MP cameras and uses wire grid polarizers (aligned at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) to provide the separation of the polarization states. A five-position filter wheel provides for four narrow-band spectral filters (435, 550, 625, and 750 nm) and one blocked position for dark-level measurements. When flown, the instrument is mounted on a programmable stage that provides control of the view angles. View angles that range to ±65° from the nadir have been used. Data processing provides a measure of the polarimetric signature as a function of both the view zenith and view azimuth angles. As a validation of our initial results, we compare our measurements, over water, with the output of a Monte Carlo code, both of which show neutral points off the principle plane. The locations of the calculated and measured neutral points are compared. The random error level in the measured degree of linear polarization (8% at 435) is shown to be better than 0.25%.
Values of Archimedean Zeta Integrals for Unitary Groups

We prove that certain archimedean integrals arising in global zeta integrals involving holomorphic discrete series on unitary groups are predictable powers of π times rational or algebraic numbers. In some cases we can compute the integral exactly in terms of values of gamma functions, and it is plausible that the value in the most general case is given by the corresponding expression. Non-vanishing of the algebraic factor is readily demonstrated via the explicit expression. Regarding analytical aspects of such integrals, whether archimedean or p-adic, a recent systematic treatment is [Lapid-Rallis 2005] in the Rallis conference volume. In particular, the results of Lapid and Rallis allow us to focus on the arithmetic aspects of the special values of the integrals. This is implicit in (4.4) (iv) in [Harris 2006]. Roughly, the integrals here are those that arise in the so-called doubling method if the Siegel-type Eisenstein series is differentiated transversally before being restricted to the smaller group. In traditional settings, details involving Fourier expansions would be apparent, but such details are inessential. Specifically, many Fourier-expansion details concerning classical Maas-Shimura operators are spurious, referring, in fact, only to the structure of holomorphic discrete series representations. Of course, the translation to and from rationality issues in spaces of automorphic forms should not be taken lightly.
Glimpses of Entomology and Acarology in Japan and China

David P. Gardner, president of the University of California, noted in a recent editorial in Science (1987) that the United States and the nations that ring the Pacific Ocean are becoming increasingly interdependent. He quotes Professor Robett Scalapino of the University of California, Berkeley, Institute of East Asian Studies: “As far as the United States is concerned, the 21st Century is its Pacific Century.” Gardner's compelling editorial points out that more than half of the world's people live in the Asia-Pacific region. Politically, strategically, economically, and educationally, Asia has gained and will continue to gain even greater global significance.
Infection Experiments in Man and other Mammalian Hosts with Sparganum Stage of Oriental Diphyllobothrids.

The Sparganum larva of a diphyllobothrid (psaudophyllidean) cestode was first recovered from man in 1882 by Patrick Manson, who obtained a dozen of these ligulate worms from the perirenal fat of an Amoyese. The same year Scheube obtained similar material from a Japanese subject. Following these early cases numerous additional human infections were described from Japan and French Indo-China, the latter being almost if not entirely from the orbit. A few human cases have also been reported from Australia. These larvae have been consistently designated as “Sparganum mansoni”, after their discoverer. Meanwhile larvae indistinguishable from those recovered from the human host have been obtained from numerous vertebrates in the Orient, including frogs, snakes, birds and mammals. These, too, have commonly been referred to as “Sparganum mansoni”, although experimental feedings to dogs and cats of the larvae from human cases in Japan (Okumura's1 material) have shown that the adult worms belong to 2 previously descr...
FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN AT PRE-SCHOOL LEVEL AND AFTER FIRST GRADE: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS.

In order to determine the changes in mental factor structure with increasing age and educational maturity, two factor analytic studies were made. In 1961, 163 pre-school children were examined with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and 4 reference tests. One year later this test battery was repeated with 153 of the same children. The 10 standard WISC subtests, except coding, were split into 2, 3, or 4 parts to yield as many variables as possible. Kaiser's varimax rotation was applied to the 30 by 30 matrix. Evidence is presented supporting 8 statistically significant uncorrelated factors at the pre-school level and 10 factors after 1 yr. of school. At least 6 factors are readily identified by WISC subtests, or by combinations of WISC subtests. Our findings support Garrett's developmental theory of intelligence. By age 6 differential mental abilities are clearly discernible. Six factors extracted at pre-school level are stable and congruent with those found after 1 yr. of school.
Mortality and Fecundity of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) in Relation to Population Density

The effect of increased densities on mortality and fecundity of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) adults was studied with a yeast granule as the food source. Contest competition operated when adult stages competed for the yeast granule (the slope had a b value of 0.1). Survival of females exceeded that of males under crowded conditions. The oviposition rate of the females decreased with density. Density and consumption time were curvilinearly related, suggesting that the effect on mortality and fecundity was caused by the mites competing for feeding space on the yeast granule.
Role of Erythroferrone in the Pathophysiology of Common Anemias

Introduction: We recently described the erythroid hormone erythroferrone (ERFE) as a critical regulator of hepcidin production during increased erythropoietic activity. Both anemia of inflammation (AI) and beta-thalassemia are associated with elevated levels of erythropoietin, the signal directing ERFE expression, suggesting that ERFE may play a role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Indeed, Erfe mRNA expression was highly increased in the bone marrow and the spleen of a mouse model of β-thalassemia Hbbth3/+ ( Th3/+ ). We therefore investigated the role of erythroferrone in hepcidin regulation in anemia of inflammation and β-thalassemia. We report that ERFE contributes to the recovery from anemia of inflammation and may be a hepcidin-suppressive factor responsible for iron accumulation in thalassemia. Methods: We explored the role of ERFE in anemia of inflammation using the heat-killed Brucella abortus (BA) mouse model of AI. Hepcidin regulation and recovery from anemia was compared between wild-type and Erfe - deficient mice. To determine whether ERFE is the hepcidin-suppressive factor in thalassemia, we generated Erfe -/-/Th3/+ double mutant mice and compared them to their littermate WT, Erfe -/- and Th3/+ mice. Mice were compared at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. Results: Compared to wild-type mice, Erfe -deficient mice did not appropriately decrease hepcidin production during recovery from AI and exhibited greater severity of anemia (figure). These data suggest that compensatory hepcidin suppression during the recovery phase of AI is mediated by ERFE. However, in mice this defect was partly compensated by prolonged stimulation of erythropoiesis and higher reticulocytosis resulting in Erfe -deficient mice reaching wild-type hemoglobin levels by day 28 (figure). ![Figure 1][1] Figure 1 At the other end of the spectrum, we showed that thalassemic mice exhibited greatly increased expression of Erfe mRNA in the bone marrow and the spleen. Ablation of Erfe in Th3/+ mice restored normal hepcidin levels and significantly reduced serum iron concentration and hepatic iron overload at 6 weeks of age. Comparison of Erfe -/- / Th3/+ and Th3/+ mice at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age did not show any difference in the severity of the anemia in absence of ERFE suggesting that ERFE regulates hepcidin expression but its absence did not cause iron restriction and did not ameliorate ineffective erythropoiesis. Conclusion: ERFE is a critical regulator of hepcidin expression during recovery from AI and ERFE agonists may alleviate iron restriction in AI. ERFE may also be the factor responsible for hepcidin suppression and secondary iron overload in β-thalassemia. Disclosures Ganz: Intrinsic LifeSciences: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Keryx Pharma: Consultancy; Merganser Biotech: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. [1]: pending:yes
Bessel beam fluorescence lifetime tomography of live embryos(Conference Presentation)

Optical tomography allows isotropic 3D imaging of embryos. Scanning-laser optical tomography (SLOT) has superior light collecting efficiency than wide-field optical tomography, making it ideal for fluorescence imaging of live embryos. We previously reported an imaging system that combines SLOT with a novel Fourier-multiplexed fluorescence lifetime imaging (FmFLIM) technique named FmFLIM-SLOT. FmFLIM-SLOT performs multiplexed FLIM-FRET readout of multiple FRET sensors in live embryos. Here we report a recent effort on improving the spatial resolution of the FmFLIM-SLOT system in order to image complex biochemical processes in live embryos at the cellular level. Optical tomography has to compromise between resolution and the depth of view. In SLOT, the commonly-used focused Gaussian beam diverges quickly from the focal plane, making it impossible to achieve high resolution imaging in a large volume specimen. We thus introduce Bessel beam laser-scanning tomography, which illuminates the sample with a spatial-light-modulator-generated Bessel beam that has an extended focal depth. The Bessel beam is scanned across the whole specimen. Fluorescence projection images are acquired at equal angular intervals as the sample rotates. Reconstruction artifacts due to annular-rings of the Bessel beam are removed by a modified 3D filtered back projection algorithm. Furthermore, in combination of Fourier-multiplexing fluorescence lifetime imaging (FmFLIM) method, the Bessel FmFLIM-SLOT system is capable of perform 3D lifetime imaging of live embryos at cellular resolution. The system is applied to in-vivo imaging of transgenic Zebrafish embryos. Results prove that Bessel FmFLIM-SLOT is a promising imaging method in development biology research.
TKI sensitivity patterns of novel kinase-domain mutations suggest therapeutic opportunities for patients with resistant ALK+ tumors

// Amit Dipak Amin 1, * , Lingxiao Li 1, * , Soumya S. Rajan 2 , Vijay Gokhale 3, 4 , Matthew J. Groysman 5 , Praechompoo Pongtornpipat 3 , Edgar O. Tapia 6 , Mengdie Wang 6 , Jonathan H. Schatz 1 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA 2 Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA 3 BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 5 Undergraduate Biology Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 6 Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jonathan H. Schatz, e-mail: jschatz@miami.edu Keywords: anaplastic lymphoma kinase, drug resistance, crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib Received: May 22, 2015 Accepted: March 02, 2016 Published: March 18, 2016 ABSTRACT The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein drives tumorigenesis in subsets of several tumors through chromosomal rearrangements that express and activate its C-terminal kinase domain. In addition, germline predisposition alleles and acquired mutations are found in the full-length protein in the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma. ALK-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become important new drugs for ALK-driven lung cancer, but acquired resistance via multiple mechanisms including kinase-domain mutations eventually develops, limiting median progression-free survival to less than a year. Here we assess the impact of several kinase-domain mutations that arose during TKI resistance selections of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines. These include novel variants with respect to ALK-fusion cancers, R1192P and T1151M, and with respect to ALCL, F1174L and I1171S. We assess the effects of these mutations on the activity of six clinical inhibitors in independent systems engineered to depend on either the ALCL fusion kinase NPM-ALK or the lung-cancer fusion kinase EML4-ALK. Our results inform treatment strategies with a likelihood of bypassing mutations when detected in resistant patient samples and highlight differences between the effects of particular mutations on the two ALK fusions.
Research on the Transient Characteristic and Selection of Live Working Mode on the Cable Line in Distribution Network

There aren't any researches on the transient characteristic and the selection of live working mode in the live working on the cable line in distribution network.According to the parameters of cable lines,many tests are carried out by using the direct arc-suppression mode of air clearance and arc-suppression mode of arc-suppression switch respectively,the two kinds of results are congruously shown: the over-voltage is within the 2.5 p.u which is content with the requirements in distribution network,but the transient current is larger and the arc time is longer when under the direct arc-suppression mode of air clearance.When the steady capacitance current is larger than 0.5 A,the transient current extends decade amperes,and the arc time is also augmenting rapidly,where a jump point is in existence for the selection of live working mode.Because the operation is manual work,so the safety coefficient must be remained much higher.
Three Surgical Methods of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Were Equally Effective

Question: In patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, how do the results of three surgical methods of reconstruction compare in terms of function, symptom relief, and return to preinjury activity? Design: Randomized (allocation concealment unclear), blinded (data analyst), controlled trial with a mean duration of follow-up of 35 months. Setting: An orthopaedic clinic in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Patients: 105 patients (mean age, 22 years; 65% men) who required anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Inclusion criteria were no previous knee surgery other than meniscectomy, a normal contralateral knee, no evidence of osteoarthritis in either knee, no history of patellofemoral pain …
A novel approach to neutron scattering instrumentation for probing multiscale dynamics in soft and biological matter

We present a concept and ray-tracing simulation of a mechanical device that will enable inelastic neutron scattering measurements where the data at energy transfers from a few μeV to several hundred meV can be collected in a single, gapless spectrum. Besides covering 5 orders of magnitude on the energy (time) scale, the device provides data over 2 orders of magnitude on the scattering momentum (length) scale in a single measurement. Such capabilities are geared primarily toward soft and biological matter, where the broad dynamical features of relaxation origin largely overlap with vibration features, thus necessitating gapless spectral coverage over several orders of magnitude in time and space. Furthermore, neutron scattering experiments with such a device are performed with a fixed neutron final energy, which enables measurements, with neutron energy loss in the sample, at arbitrarily low temperatures over the same broad spectral range. This capability is also invaluable in biological and soft matter research, as the variable temperature dependence of different relaxation components allows their separation in the scattering spectra as a function of temperature.
Regulating Animal Use

In the face of significant routine harm to animals in the economy, it is common for advocates to call for stricter government regulation of animal industries. Many activists and scholars have asked for stricter standards for using animals in experiments, if not complete abolition. Others have called for stricter enforcement of animal cruelty laws, especially regarding pet breeding facilities. Most notably, perhaps, there has been a sustained movement calling for changes to industrial animal agriculture, either by expanding the living space that animals are given, limiting the use of antibiotics, eliminating practices such as de-beaking and forced molting, or making animals’ living conditions more similar to a natural habitat. In many of these cases, people have sought to use the power of the state to place limits on human use of animals. In some cases activists have sought to eliminate the most harmful practices.
Induced Mixing of Phase-Separated Lipid Bilayers by Steric Pressure between Adsorbed Proteins

Our study examined the steric pressure-induced mixing and reversibility of phase-separated phospholipid regions. It has been previously demonstrated that steric pressure among crowded proteins can induce mixing of lipid domains. However, prior to our work, the dynamics of this process had yet to be investigated. The influence of protein steric pressure on dynamics is important for understanding time-dependent processes in cell membrane-derived biomaterials and highly transient lipid rafts in cells. Therefore we designed experiments that allowed us to examine the process by which protein steric pressure dissolved lipid membranes. Specifically, fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the targeted binding of proteinaceous particles to phase-separated, supported lipid bilayers. Highly localized binding of these particles within the liquid ordered (Lo) domains resulted in a highly crowded environment, leading to a build-up of steric pressure. The alleviation of this steric pressure induced mixing of the Lo domains with the surrounding liquid disordered (Ld) phase. With the development of a first-principles mass transfer model, the dynamics of this mixing transition were observed as a function of the steric pressure among proteins. At sufficiently high steric pressure, rapid dissolution of Lo domains occurred. As steric pressure was decreased, mixing became more gradual and occurred in a step-wise process where small lipid clusters were initially ejected from Lo domains. Time-dependent dissolution data for Lo domains was in quantitative agreement with the mass-transfer model. Diffusion coefficients derived from the model indicate that lipids undergo diffusion as clusters, rather than single lipids. We also examined systems in which proteins bound to the Ld phase. Our results strongly suggest that the degree of protein crowding and the phase to which proteins are targeted control the rate and mechanism of steric pressure-induced mixing. This phenomena is applicable to the development of many biologically derived materials, including high-density arrays, microfluidic networks, and biosensors. Controlled mixing also provides fundamental insights to the impact of proteins on the stability and dynamics of lipid rafts in cells.
Insect herbivores increase mortality and reduce tree seedling growth of some species in temperate forest canopy gaps

Insect herbivores help maintain forest diversity through selective predation on seedlings of vulnerable tree species. Although the role of natural enemies has been well-studied in tropical systems, relatively few studies have experimentally manipulated insect abundance in temperate forests and tracked impacts over multiple years. We conducted a three-year experiment (2012-2014) deterring insect herbivores from seedlings in new treefall gaps in deciduous hardwood forests in Maryland. During this study, we tracked recruitment of all tree seedlings, as well as survivorship and growth of 889 individual seedlings from five tree species: Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus spp., Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua. Insect herbivores had little effect on recruitment of any tree species, although there was a weak indication that recruitment of A. rubrum was higher in the presence of herbivores. Insect herbivores reduced survivorship of L. tulipifera, but had no significant effects on A. rubrum, Fraxinus spp., F. grandifolia, or L. styraciflua. Additionally, insects reduced growth rates of early pioneer species A. rubrum, L. tulipifera, and L. styraciflua, but had little effect on more shade-tolerant species F. grandifolia and Fraxinus spp. Overall, by negatively impacting growth and survivorship of early pioneer species, forest insects may play an important but relatively cryptic role in forest gap dynamics, with potentially interesting impacts on the overall maintenance of diversity.
Virtual Collocation: Field Studies and Critical Choices

There is general agreement that new technologies make possible the rising focus on mergers, globalization, and widely distributed activity. However, only slowly are technologies more complex than telephone, fax, and email coming to play a role in supporting virtual collocation. I have been studying successful (and some less successful) deployments of such technologies and will report on some emerging patterns.
Cuerpos fragmentados: Respuesta a Monique David-Ménard

In this text, Judith Butler responds to the comments about her own work that Monique David-Menard proposes in her article "La institucion de los cuerpos vivientes segun Judith Butler", which is included in this number of Acta Poetica . Stemming from Menard’s questions, Butler maps the role of the idea of “body as institution” within her philosophy.
Senescent B cells in aging and age-related diseases: Their role in the regulation of antibody responses

Immune cells with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype increase in the blood of elderly individuals or individuals with age-associated diseases or with infections. Although senescent immune cells do not proliferate, they are transcriptionally and metabolically active and affect the microenvironment through the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. An age-driven increase in senescent B, T and NK cells has been reported and the function of these cells has been characterized. Results published by different groups have demonstrated that cell senescence induces the accumulation of terminally-differentiated cells characterized by the arrest of cell proliferation but with an active secretory profile which regulates their function through the activation of pathways integrating senescence and energy-sensing signals. This review will focus on senescent B cells, their increase in aging, age-associated conditions and infections. Similarities with other senescent immune cells will be presented and discussed.
Role of Complement in Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of complement in hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The participation of the complement system in red cell destruction in clinical disorders principally involves two related but distinct pathogenetic mechanisms that, in general outline, are quite parallel to the mechanisms of complement-mediated host defense against bacteria: (1) direct cytolytic action of the membrane attack mechanism that, in vivo, results in intravascular hemolysis and 2) opsonic effects of membrane-bound C3 (or C4) fragments contributing to accelerated clearance of (unlysed) erythrocytes from the circulation by fixed macrophages of the spleen and liver, with consequent (extravascular) destruction of at least a portion of the trapped cells. These mechanisms, alone or in combination, are relevant to red cell injury in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, and hemolytic transfusion reactions affecting intrinsically normal erythrocytes. The cytolytic mechanism is particularly pertinent to the destruction of intrinsically defective red cells in uncommon disorders such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or the hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with a positive acidified serum test syndrome.
Novel geometric isotropy indices for workspace analysis of planar parallel manipulators

Isotropy analysis of workspace plays a critical role in improving the quality of workspace for parallel manipulators. Although various workspace determination approaches have been studied intensively for parallel manipulators in the past decades, workspace isotropy analysis for parallel manipulators has been seldom touched. This paper proposes two novel workspace geometric shape isotropy indices, namely, translational workspace isotropy index and entire workspace isotropy index, for workspace analysis of planar parallel manipulators. Both indices are mathematically defined and can be used to evaluate the isotropy of the geometric shape of the workspace. They are good indicators of the robustness of a planar parallel manipulator to external planar rotational disturbances to the base and can be used as a guideline for optimal design of planar parallel manipulators. Both indices proposed in this paper are evaluated in the optimal design of an example planar cable-driven planar parallel manipulator through simulation.
Interactions between different acids and bauxitic-based ceramic proppants used in gravel-packed and fractured wells

Abstract Proppants are widely used in hydraulic fracturing operations. They consist of solid particles with specific strengths and are used to keep the fractures open to enhance well production. They can be natural sand or artificial ceramic materials. Most ceramic proppants are alumina-based, using kaolin and bauxitic clays as the raw materials. The acid resistance of the fracturing proppant is an essential property. Acids are sometimes needed to clean the fracture by removing scale and clays that reduce the fracture conductivity. In this study, several experiments were conducted using a see-through cell, and an aging cell with 10 wt% HCl, mud acids (6.0 wt% HCl, 1.0 wt% HF and 12.0 wt% HCl, 3.0 wt% HF), i.e., (6:1 and 12:3), and formic (HCOOH), trisodium salt of N-(hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (Na3-HEDTA) and HF mixtures up to 350 °F. The effects of varying acid system, temperature, soaking time, static and dynamic conditions were examined. The supernatant of solubility tests was analyzed with Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (19F NMR) to identify the reaction products. Key elements concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A Zeiss Axiophot microscope was used to acquire images for the proppant particles to study particle shape and effect of acid solubility. Proppants were then analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The proppant was sieved before and after the experiments. The residual solids were dried and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) capabilities. Effects of acid dissolution on mechanical performance of the proppants were also tested using an automated load frame. The results show that bauxite has a minimal solubility of 0.5 wt% in 10.0 wt% HCl. The proppant is readily soluble in different mud acids, 56.0 wt% dissolved in some cases. The amount dissolved increases with temperature, soaking time, acid concentration, and dynamic conditions. The fines generated and the changes in grain size distribution are detrimental to the proppant conductivity. 19F NMR showed aluminum fluoride complexes with different mud acids due to the high Al/F affinity. XRF showed that the solubility of the proppant occurs mainly in mullite and maghemite due to their high reactivity. Crush resistance test shows a direct relationship between solubility and mechanical strength of bauxite. Assessing solubility effects will help to better design acid treatments without jeopardizing the integrity of the proppant.
Quantum Chemical Fragment Precursor Tests: Accelerating de novo annotation of tandem mass spectra.

Abstract Tandem mass spectrometry is widely used to assign and distinguish chemical structures in proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and many other areas. Spectral annotation remains a major bottleneck. Our ”Quantum Chemical Fragment Precursor Tests” (QC-FPT) approach brings the accuracy and generality of modern quantum chemistry to combinatorial-search-based computer-aided spectral annotation. QC-FPT takes as input the dominant fragment peaks from a particular experiment, and one or more chemically reasonable hypotheses for the precursor ion's three-dimensional structure. The algorithm automatically generates possible precursor ion fragmentations matching the target experimental peaks, uses quantum chemistry calculations (geometry optimization with gas-phase semiempirical or density functional theory calculations) to predict each neutral or charged fragment's structure and energy, and reports the thermodynamically feasible predicted fragment assignments. Applications demonstrate that QC-FPT recovers known spectral annotations, can handle multiple ionization and fragmentation methods and adducts, and can capture some fragment rearrangements. We apply QC-FPT to assign previously unassigned peaks in an experimental LC-ESI-MS 2 spectrum of dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione (Yehiayan et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2014 , 27, 754–764), and to a hypothetical experiment distinguishing two isomeric candidates for an ”unknown” pesticide's experimental LC-ESI-MS 2 spectrum. Our results suggest QC-FPT is a practical tool to sharpen and refine the chemical intuition of experimentalists engaged in the laborious process of annotating tandem mass spectra.
GaN device-circuit interaction on RF linear power amplifier designed using the MVSG compact model

This work presents a GaN RF power amplifier with a common-source-common-gate (CS-CG) linearization technique, demonstrating device-circuit interactions using the physics-based MIT Virtual Source GaNFET (MVSG) model. A few device parameters are carefully chosen to investigate their effects on the circuit performance, as well as to suggest how to fabricate or choose a better GaN device for RF power amplifier design. The designed amplifier achieves 11dB gain at 6GHz, 51% drain efficiency at 35.3dBm Psat, and 39dBm output IP3 with 10V supply voltage. In this work, it is shown that the physical device parameters related to DC, RF, and thermal conditions affect the above circuit performance, especially linearity, and could be used to link the circuit performance to specific device level physics.