cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact-line fingering and rivulet formation in the presence of surface contamination

Abstract Many coating processes are restricted by breakup of the thin coating layer into rivulets that cause the liquid to penetrate non-uniformly into the unwetted part of the substrate. On smooth, dry, homogeneous surfaces, rivulets are known to form as a result of a fingering instability of a ridge of raised liquid that forms just behind the moving contact line, and which together with the contact line composes the layer “front”. The fingering instability can be suppressed by application of a body force normal to the substrate surface or by application of a body force tangent to the substrate surface in the opposite direction as a driving shear force. The present paper uses a finite-difference model to examine the effect of surface inhomogeneities, consisting of patches of varying contact angle, on the fingering instability and subsequent rivulet growth both with and without application of a normal body force. We find that although the front structure is relatively unchanged when the contact angle is changed uniformly by a small constant value on a homogeneous surface, the front is sensitive to small spatial inhomogeneities in contact angle. The dynamics of liquid layer front interaction with an isolated contamination spot and with arrays of many contamination spots are examined for several different conditions. The liquid front responds to passage over a single contamination spot (with small change in contact angle) in a manner consistent with linear stability theory, such that a protrusion of the front forms downstream of the spot with width and growth rate set by the fastest-growing wave of the linear stability theory. This result holds valid for a wide range of contamination spot sizes, and for perturbations in the liquid layer thickness of up to about half the ambient thickness. However, strong non-linear effects are observed during passage of the front through an array of many contamination spots, including a sub-critical instability in which rivulets form with widths corresponding to wavelengths for which the front is stable according to linear theory. Sufficiently large normal body force is able to stabilize the front in the non-linear computations on a heterogeneous surface, such that the front becomes wavy but the perturbation amplitude approaches a state where it does not grow further in time as the front passes over the contamination spots. The rivulets are observed to meander in a random array of contamination spots in such a manner as to flow in regions of small contact angle and to avoid regions of large contact angle.
The kinetic and nucleation limited stability of Amorphous U6Fe

Abstract The amorphous phase stability in U6Fe samples containing 2.7, 10.0, 20.0, 59.0, 87.0, 94.0, and 100% volume fraction amorphous phase has been examined. The crystallization temperature was observed to increase with an increasing volume fraction of amorphous phase. This observation is in direct conflict with the kinetic model of crystallization proposed for this alloy by Buschow and Beekmans. The observed transformation behavior can be explained using a crystal growth mechanism at low amorphous volume fractions and an interface energy/nucleation mechanism at larger volume fractions.
Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase transfer catalysis. 25. Transformation of a monotropic mesophase into an enantiotropic one by increasing the molecular weight of the polymer and by copolymerization

The influence of molecular weight on thermal transitions and on the thermodynamic parameters was studied for two polymers based on 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene with either 1,9-dibromononane (HMS-C9 polyethers) or 1,11-dibromoundecane (HMS-C11 polyethers). HMS-C9 polyethers present an enantiotropic nematic mesophase over the entire range of molecular weights and a monotropic smectic mesophase for polymers of number average molecular weights higher than 17,000. The low molecular weight HMS-C11 polyethers are only crystalline. On increasing their molecular weight, the polymers become monotropic nematics, and at higher molecular weights, enantiotropic nematics. Up to a composition containing as little as 20 mol % nonane structural units, the random copolyethers based on 1,9-dibromononane, 1,11-dibromoundecane, and 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene (HMS-C9/11 copolyethers) exhibit on cooling a phase diagram resembling that of HMS-C9 polyether. HMS-C9/11 containing about a 1/1 mole ratio between the two spacers presents both smectic and nematic enantiotropic mesophases. These results suggest that the phase diagram of random liquid crystalline copolymers is controlled by the shorter spacer. The thermodynamic parameters of isotropization for both polyethers and copolyethers are compared and suggest that copolymerization does not significantly decrease the degree of order of the mesogenic units in the mesomorphic phase.
Negative expectancies in posttraumatic stress disorder: Neurophysiological (N400) and behavioral evidence

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that theoretically and clinically is thought to be associated with persistent and exaggerated negative expectancies. This study used the N400 event-related potential (ERP) to investigate expectancies for threatening endings to ambiguous sentence stems. The N400 ERP is thought to reflect the amount of effort required to integrate a stimulus into a given context. In sentence reading tasks, the N400 is reliably larger when a word is unexpected.
The design of one-dimensional randomly rough surfaces that act as Collett–Wolf sources

Abstract A method is presented for designing a one-dimensional perfectly conducting randomly rough surface which, when illuminated at normal incidence by an s-polarized Gaussian beam, produces a scattered field whose cross-spectral density function in the mean scattering plane is that of a Collett–Wolf source. The method is validated by computer simulation calculations.
Effects of licand environment on nucleophile addition to cyclohexadienyliron cations.

Abstract Cyclohexadienyl-Fe(CO) 2 PPh 3 complexes show considerably better control than the Fe(CO) 3 analogs during reaction with carbon nucleophiles; a broader range of stereocontrolled double nucleophile addition is accessible using the phosphine complex.
Examining Ethnic Identity among Mexican-Origin Adolescents Living in the United States:

This study used structural equation modeling to test a model of ethnic identity development among 513 Mexican-origin adolescents living in the United States. The model examined the influence of ecological factors, familial ethnic socialization, and autonomy on adolescents’ ethnic identity achievement. Findings indicated that lower percentages ofMexican-origin individuals attending adolescents’schools and fewer members of adolescents’ immediate family born in the United States were each associated with greater familial ethnic socialization; furthermore, familial ethnic socialization was positively related to ethnic identity achievement. These findings suggest that ecological factors indirectly influence ethnic identity achievement through their influence on familial ethnic socialization.
Separation of phospholipid derivatives by microcolumn liquid chromatography

Packed, fused silica capillaries were employed, at high chromatographic resolution, to separate complex mixtures of phospholipids derived from plant and animal sources. Benzoylation of phosphatidylcholine derivatives and dansylation of phosphatidylethanolamines were used in conjunction with miniaturized spectroscopic detectors. Under the conditions of stepwise gradient elution, detection limits for both derivatives were on the order of picomoles. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Concurrent erythropoietin and hypothermia treatment improve outcomes in a term nonhuman primate model of perinatal asphyxia.

Background: Up to 65% of untreated infants suffering from moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are at risk of death or major disability. Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) reduces this risk to approximately 50% (number needed to treat: 7-9). Erythropoietin (Epo) is a neuroprotective treatment that is promising as an adjunctive therapy to decrease HIE-induced injury because Epo decreases apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative injury and promotes glial cell survival and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that HT and concurrent Epo will be safe and effective, improve survival, and reduce moderate-severe cerebral palsy (CP) in a term nonhuman primate model of perinatal asphyxia. Methodology: Thirty-five Macacanemestrina were delivered after 15-18 min of umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) and randomized to saline (n = 14), HT only (n = 9), or HT+Epo (n = 12). There were 12 unasphyxiated controls. Epo (3,500 U/kg × 1 dose followed by 3 doses of 2,500 U/kg, or Epo 1,000 U/kg/day × 4 doses) was given on days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Timed blood samples were collected to measure plasma Epo concentrations. Animals underwent MRI/MRS and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at Results: UCO resulted in death or moderate-severe CP in 43% of saline-, 44% of HT-, and 0% of HT+Epo-treated animals. Compared to non-UCO control animals, UCO animals exhibit poor weight gain, behavioral impairment, poor cerebellar growth, and abnormal brain DTI. Compared to UCO saline, UCO HT+Epo improved motor and cognitive responses, cerebellar growth, and DTI measures and produced a death/disability relative risk reduction of 0.911 (95% CI -0.429 to 0.994), an absolute risk reduction of 0.395 (95% CI 0.072-0.635), and a number needed to treat of 2 (95% CI 2-14). The effects of HT+Epo on DTI included an improved mode of anisotropy, fractional anisotropy, relative anisotropy, and volume ratio as compared to UCO saline-treated infants. No adverse drug reactions were noted in animals receiving Epo, and there were no hematology, liver, or kidney laboratory effects. Conclusions/Significance: HT+Epo treatment improved outcomes in nonhuman primates exposed to UCO. Adjunctive use of Epo combined with HT may improve the outcomes of term human infants with HIE, and clinical trials are warranted.
Human Health Risk in Food and the Environment: Economics of Selected Options for Control: Discussion

A common thread of today's presentations is the conduct of risk-benefit assessment, a timely and timeless topic. After all, society has confronted risk from time immemorial, arguably with at least an implicit weighing of benefit. But I believe there are two reasons that discussions on the theory and practice of assessing risks and benefits are especially timely. First, I personally endorse the view that contemporary standards of legal and ethical accountability compel the use of a defensible and rational process in public policy decision making. Second, this session has focused our attention on the newest challenges to risk-benefit assessment: science and technol-
Role Overload, Job Satisfaction, Leisure Satisfaction, and Psychological Health Among Employed Women

Role overload, job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction, and psychological health were measured for 155 women who were employed full time. Role overload was negatively correlated with psychological health, job satisfaction, and leisure satisfaction. Job satisfaction and leisure satisfaction were positively correlated with psychological health. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that role overload was the strongest predictor of psychological health and that job satisfaction and leisure satisfaction, respectively, added significantly to the prediction equation.
Polar, Monodisperse, Reactive Beads from Functionalized Methacrylate Monomers by Staged Templated Suspension Polymerization

Porous monodisperse poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads, which can be used as a platform for the production of separation media, polymeric reagents, and supports, have been prepared using the staged templated suspension polymerization process. Since the direct polymerization of methacrylic acid, which would lead to beads bearing carboxyl groups in a single step, is not compatible with the preparation technique, poly(tert-butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads were prepared and then selectively deprotected. In contrast, beads containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups can be prepared directly despite the high solubility of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in water. The degree of functionalization and porous properties of the beads are largely controlled by the monomer composition in the polymerization mixture. One application for the functionalized beads is the preparation of very selective chiral separation media for H...
Creating a Cohesive Discovery Service

Presenting at the 2014 North Carolina Serials Conference, Ginny Boyer and Virginia Bacon of East Carolina University (ECU) discuss how the three libraries on campus—Joyner Library, the Music Library, and Laupus Health Sciences Library—created a brand and an accompanying web framework to transform previously disparate user experiences into a unified whole. They begin by explaining some of the roadblocks that historically had stopped collaboration and then outline what techniques and circumstances helped overcome these issues. Of these techniques, they devote the most attention to the creation and gradual adoption of an official ECU Libraries brand via the development of a logo and a consistent template for all web pages. Finally, they detail the future of this project, including plans for in-depth user assessment.
Probing the Gating of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors with Tethered Photoswitchable Ligands

Cellular signaling is often mediated by the binding of multiple ligands to multi-subunit receptors. In the case of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, the binding of glutamate both activates and desensitizes the channel, generating a fast transient current. However, the probabilistic nature inherent to the binding of diffusible ligands makes it difficult to determine how the ligand occupancy at each subunit controls these gating processes. To circumvent this problem, we use previously described photoswitchable ligands that can be covalently tethered to the ligand binding domain of iGluRs [1]. The fast cis-trans photoisomerization of the azobenzene linker, in combination with high intensity illumination, enables us to control ligand binding and unbinding with short (<100 μs) pulses of light. Here we use this approach to probe ligand-induced activation and desensitization in both homo- and heterotetrameric iGluRs.1. Gorostiza P. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2007) 104: 10865.
Green emission and bandgap narrowing due to two-photon excitation in thin film CdS formed by spray pyrolysis

Thin (10 µm) film CdS on Pyrex® formed by spray pyrolysis is excited below the gap at 804 nm with 200 fs laser pulses at room temperature. Excitation intensities up to 250 GW cm-2 evoke green bandgap emission due to two-photon transitions. This two-photon photoluminescence does not show a red emission contribution in contrast to the single-photon excited emission, which is dominated by broad emission in the red spectral range. It is demonstrated that two-photon excitation causes photo-induced bandgap narrowing due to Debye screening. At 250 GW cm-2 bandgap narrowing of 47 meV is observed, which corresponds to an excited electron density of 1.6×1018 cm-3.
Analysis of epitaxial layer thickness variability in the fabrication of high performance bipolar transistors

Abstract Measurements indicate that a thickness variation of approximately 7·0 per cent (2σ) can be expected from modern epitaxial reactors. This epitaxial layer thickness variability, in conjunction with the technique of designing into a transistor collector junction and buried layer interference, will often produce problems of fabrication reproducibility. Statistical calculations are presented to demonstrate some fabrication difficulties that are mathematically attributable to this thickness variability. Problems arising from simple space-charge layer interference are compared with those arising from deep penetration of the collector junction into its buried layer.
Bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) isoforms and amounts of messenger ribonucleic acid for alpha- and LH beta-subunits in pituitaries of cows immunized against LH-releasing hormone.

Ovariectomized beef cows were actively immunized against LHRH to test the hypothesis that decreased stimulation of gonadotropes would alter the distribution of LH isoforms and amounts of mRNA for subunits of LH in the pituitary. Eight long-term (3 yr) ovariectomized beef cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: immunization against LHRH conjugated to human serum globulin (n = 4) and nonimmunization (control, n = 4). Mean concentration of serum LH in cows immunized against LHRH (1.0 +/- .83 ng/ml) was less (p = 0.01) than in control cows (5.0 +/- 0.83 ng/ml). Amounts of alpha- (p = 0.13) and LH beta-subunit (p = 0.10) mRNA tended to be reduced in cows immunized against LHRH compared to control cows. However, weight of the anterior pituitary and concentrations of LH in this gland did not differ (p = 0.90) among cows from the two groups. Pituitary extracts were chromatofocused on pH 10.5-7.0 gradients, and concentrations of LH in eluent fractions were determined by RIA. Extracts of all pituitaries resolved into nine isoforms (designated A through H and Z beginning with the most basic form). Only isoform F (mid-alkaline elution, pH = 8.8) was influenced by treatment (p = 0.05). Cows immunized against LHRH had a greater relative amount of isoform F (42.1 +/- 1.4%) than controls (37.2 +/- 1.4%). In summary, immunization of cows against LHRH altered 1) circulating concentrations of LH, 2) amounts of mRNA for the subunits of LH, and 3) distribution of intrapituitary LH isoforms without changing the concentrations of LH in the anterior pituitary.
Using the IFR to dispose of excess weapons plutonium

Abstract Plutonium is a man-made radioactive element with a long half-life. The only way to dispose of plutonium permanently is by causing it to fission. The fission process is efficient only in a fast neutron spectrum, and multiple recycle with a minimal loss is required to approach complete destruction. To be consistent with nonproliferation objectives, the process should be compatible with rigorous safeguards, and should not involve handling separated plutonium. The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) meets all of these requirements. In addition, several near-term denaturing options are available that are fully compatible with complete destruction. When coupled with electrical generation, ample revenues would be available to cover all handling, operating and safeguards costs, with a substantial residual net return on the investment.
Charge-changing fragmentation of 10.6 GeV/nucleon ^(197)Au nuclei

We have measured the charge-changing cross sections of 10.6 GeV/nucleon ^(197)Au nuclei interacting in targets of CH2 (polyethylene), C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb. Cross sections for H are calculated from those measured in C and CH_2. The total charge-changing cross sections are higher than those measured at energies of ≤1 GeV/nucleon. The measured cross sections for the heavier targets are somewhat larger than those predicted by a model based on data taken at lower energies with lighter targets. Partial charge-changing cross sections for the production of fragments from the incident Au projectiles were measured for charge changes (ΔZ) from ΔZ=+1, _(80)Hg, down to approximately ΔZ=-29, _(50)Sn. In comparison to lower energy measurements, these partial cross sections are found to be smaller for small ΔZ and larger or the same for large ΔZ. The H partial cross sections are found to follow a power law in ΔZ similar to that for heavier targets, instead of the exponential form observed at lower energies. Factorization is found to hold for all partial cross sections with ΔZ greater than two. In the heavier targets, the cross sections for one and two proton removal have significant contributions from electromagnetic dissociation. The electromagnetic dissociation contribution to the total cross section is derived and found to be relatively small, but with a strong dependence on the charge of the target nuclei of the form Z__T^(1.75±0.01).
Mazindol treatment of negative symptoms.

Hypodopaminergic and hyponoradrenergic pathophysiology may be a basis for primary and/or secondary negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The hypothesis that enhanced neurotransmission in these systems would be therapeutic for negative symptoms was tested by comparing mazindol and placebo in a double-blind, cross-over design trial. Outcome following mazindol supplementation was comparable to placebo supplementation (F(1,30) = 0.9; p = .57). Results for deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia subjects were similar, and were not affected by whether concurrent the antipsychotic drug treatment was clozapine, fluphenazine, or haloperidol. The efficacy hypothesis was not supported for either primary or secondary negative symptoms.
A brief history of research on the genetics of alcohol and other drug use disorders.

Objective:This article reviews developments in research on genetic influences on alcohol and other drug use and disorders over the past 7 decades.Method:The author began with a review of the flow and content of articles published in the three iterations of the journal since 1940 and then used a PubMed search of genetics of alcohol and other drug-related topics to gain a broad overview of developments in this field.Results:The literature demonstrates the rapid metamorphosis of genetic research from the ideas of Mendel to an understanding that the substance use disorders are complex, genetically influenced conditions where genes explain up to 60% of the picture. Most genes operate through additional intermediate characteristics, such as impulsivity and a low sensitivity to alcohol, some of which are substance specific and others related to substances in general. Using linkage, association, genome-wide association, and other modern methods, investigators have identified a diverse range of genetic variations ...
Dynamic partitioning in a transputer environment

Parallel programs are characterized by their speedup behavior. As more processors are allocated to a particular parallel program, the program (potentially) executes faster. However, there is often a point of diminishing returns, beyond which extra allocated processors cannot be used effectively. Extra processors would be better utilized by allocating them to another program. Thus, given a set of processors in a multiprocessor system, and a set of parallel programs, a partitioning problem naturally arises which seeks to allocate processors to programs optimally.The problem addressed in this paper is dynamic partitioning. When the number of executable parallel programs changes, the optimal partition sizes also change. To realize the new partition settings, a dynamic repartitioning of all processors is triggered. When extra processors suddenly become available to a running program due to a program departure, or when processors suddenly are taken away from a running program due to a program arrival, a nontrivial repartitioning overhead occurs. Depending upon the specific environment, this overhead cost may negate any potential repartitioning benefit.To gain insight into this dynamic partitioning problem, a specific system, a specific workload, and a specific analytical model are studied. The specific system is an INMOS transputer system consisting of an IIP Vectra front-end, an INMOS B004 evaluation board with a single T414 transputer, and an EB8-10 board with eight T800 transputers. The specific workload consists of parallel versions of a classical N-body problem and a classical search problem. The specific analytical model is a Markov model which is parameterized using the concept of program execution signatures. The sensitivity analysis experiments both validate the model and indicate the characteristics of those workloads which benefit from dynamic partitioning.
Evidence for a viral neuropathy in recurrent vertigo.

The concept that reactivation of latent neurotropic viruses (i.e. Herpesviridae group) in the vestibular ganglion is responsible for recurrent vestibulopathies is presented. A similar histopathologic
NMR and molecular modeling study of the conformations of taxol and of its side chain methylester in aqueous and non-aqueous solution.

Abstract The conformations of the antimitotic agent taxol and its side chain methyl ester have been studied by NMR-spectroscopy and molecular modeling in hydrophobic (CDCl3) and hydrophilic (water, d6-DMSO) solvents. For the side chain methyl ester (4), the coupling constant JH2′-H3′ changes from ≈2 Hz in chloroform to ≈5 Hz in d6-DMSO or water : d6-DMSO, 1 : 1 (v/v). The conformational equilibrium for 4 thus shifts from one favoring conformers with a gauche torsion angle (chloroform), to one predominantly of conformers having this torsion angle anti. In the case of taxol, JH2′-H3′ changes from 2.7 Hz in CDCl3 to ≈8 Hz in water, water - sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and/or d6-DMSO. Again, gauche conformations are implicated in chloroform, but molecular modeling suggests the anti conformer 27 to be dominant in aqueous media and in d6-DMSO. No nuclear Overhauser effects (nOe's) between the side chain and the taxane ring-system are observed in chloroform solution. In water and/or d6-DMSO, however, nOe's between the side chain (Ph3′ and H2′) and the OAc4 methyl group are detected.
Secretion of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 by Endothelial Cells of the Bovine Corpus Luteum: Regulation by Cytokines But Not Prostaglandin F2α

Information regarding the regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in regression of the corpus luteum (CL) is limited. This study tested the hypothesis that endothelial cells derived from bovine CL are a source of MCP-1, and that proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and progesterone regulate MCP-1 expression. Endothelial cells were treated without (Control) or with PGF2α (1 μm), TNFα (100 ng/ml), interferon-γ (IFNγ, 200 IU/ml), and TNFα + IFNγ for 24 and 48 h in the absence or presence of progesterone (P4, 250 ng/ml). Increases in MCP-1 mRNA and protein were observed in response to TNFα within 24 and 48 h of culture, respectively (P < 0.05). Interferon-γ stimulated (P < 0.05) both MCP-1 mRNA and protein after 24 h of culture, and this effect was also sustained through 48 h of culture (P < 0.05). Cotreatment of cultures with TNFα + IFNγ lead to further increases (P < 0.05) in MCP-1 in both 24- and 48-h cultures. Surprisingly, neither PGF2α nor P4 affected MCP-1 production. ...
HOW ACTS OF DISCOVERY TRANSFORM OUR TACIT KNOWING POWERS IN BOTH SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS INQUIRY

. In this essay I take Michael Polanyi's analysis of scientific discovery and extend it to encompass fresh encounters with the living God. Given the embodied character of all human knowing, Polanyi challenged objectivism and positivism as untenable. In its place, Polanyi noted that the tacit skills established when a physicist learns to detect radio waves has its counterpart in a Christian's being trained to find God. Once trained, stubborn organismic habits constrain both physicist and believer within a socially approved heuristic circle that can be broken only by the act of discovery. The puzzlement that erupts at the onset of an inquiry ultimately finds relief only in an expanded encounter with the realities that one has been trained to serve. Thus, the act of discovery not only serves to disrupt the tradition as it has been received but also reveals that the realities being served make themselves known in novel ways. The lifelong pursuit of God and the lifelong pursuit of novel manifestations of radio waves thus share a common epistemological and phenomenological underpinning.
The metabolism and placental transfer of oral and parenteral iron chelates.

Abstract The present studies in rats provide evidence that in pregnancy, as in iron deficiency anemia, the capacity for enhancement of oral iron absorption extends to some chelated forms of the metal. Iron derived from absorbed or parenteral chelate is available to the placenta and fetus. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), is an effective oral iron source in pregnancy.
LGBT Career Development.

The problem and the solution. Although the field of human resource development (HRD) has begun to focus on career development (CD) theories, there is a paucity of exploration of the particular and unique career considerations faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people.This article explores issues uniquely related to LGBT career development. This article provides some insights about LGBT career development, analyzing the factors that distinguish LGBT career development from heterosexual career development, to sensitize HRD practitioners and to help them understand the career development considerations of LGBT people. By becoming aware of and sensitive to the issues faced by LGBT people, HRD practitioners can address their needs and help create inclusive and welcoming environments for them.Additionally, sensitive and educated HRD practitioners can help organizations identify the ways in which their practices reinforce LGBT invisibility, and disrupt hetero-sexist career development practices.
Black South African Opinion on Disinvestment

these tendencies correspond with changes in departmental rankings over time. Joining the new movement was a way for many departments to move up. To the extent that this happened the ranking based on first author citations will have the same lag as ranking based upon reputations. It is not surprising that Klingemann's ranking of departments corresponds quite well with the 1981 reputational study. The correspondence does not mean that the citation ranking validates the reputational ranking but that they both suffer from the same lag.
Cultivar and Maturity Effects on Muskmelon ( Cucumis melo) Colour, Texture and Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition

Cell wall polysaccharides (CWP) of two types of melons were isolated and purified. Fractionations were performed using cyclohexane trans- 1,2-diamine tetraacetate (CDTA), Na,CO, , guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC) and KOH. Alditol acetate derivatives of neutral sugars from each CWP fraction were pre- pared and analysed by gas chromatography. Trifluoro-acetic acid insoluble frac- tions were analysed colorimetrically and uronic acid was determined. The CDTA and Na,CO, fractions were found to be composed of typical pectic materials containing primarily galacturonic acid with the neutral sugars arabinose, galac- tose, rhamnose and a smaller amount of xylose. As maturity increased, CDTA fraction yields increased, though total neutral sugar CWP compositions decreased. GTC and KOH fractions were typical of hemicellulose, and contained principally xylose, glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, with very small amounts of uronic acid, arabinose and rhamnose. The residues contained prin- cipally glucose and galactose, with smaller amounts of mannose, xylose, arabi- nose and fucose. With the exception of xylose and glucose, all neutral sugars decreased significantly during ripening in both the Cantaloupe and Honey Dew melons. Total uronic acid did not change as maturity increased, except for Can- taloupe, where total uronic acid decreased from the ripe to overripe stages. Relationships between firmness, drip loss and other composition measurements, as well as the total CWP sugar composition, were also determined. Only the CDTA fraction yields were negatively correlated with the changes in firmness of both melons and positively correlated with changes in drip loss as maturity increased.
Serum levels of progesterone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone and hydroxy-5α-pregnanones in the prepartum and postpartum equine *

Abstract Blood samples were collected from eight mares for ten days before and two days following parturition. Progesterone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone and hydroxy-5α-pregnanones were extracted from serum, separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone levels ranged from 8.5 to 4.1 ng/ml among mares with normal parturition and decreased to 1.2 ng/ml after parturition. One mare with a retained placenta maintained the prepartal levels of progesterone into the postpartum period. 5α-Dihydroprogesterone increased to a level of 133 ng/ml at 80 hrs before parturition and began decreasing and reached a level of 9.2 ng/ml in the postpartum period. Levels of hydroxy-5α-pregnanones were variable with a high of 1690 ng/ml and declined to a postpartum level of 60 ng/ml. The timing of the decline varied among the mares. The possible source and significance of these progestins remain speculative.
SMOCK: A Self-Contained Public Key Management Scheme for Mission-Critical Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks show great potential in emergency response and/or recovery. Such mission-critical applications demand security service be "anywhere", "anytime" and "anyhow". However, it is challenging to design a key management scheme in current wireless ad hoc networks to fulfill the required attributes of secure communications, such as data integrity, authentication, confidentiality, non-repudiation and service availability, when Sybil attacks are present. In this paper, we present a self-contained public key management scheme, called SMOCK, which is able to resist the Sybil attack, achieves zero communication overhead for authentication, and offers high service availability. In oar scheme, small number of cryptographic keys are stored off-line at individual nodes before they are deployed in the network. To provide good scalability in terms of number of nodes and storage space, we utilize a combinatorial design of public-private key pairs, which means nodes combine more than one key pair to encrypt and decrypt messages. We also show that SMOCK provides controllable resilience when malicious nodes break into a limited number of nodes before key revocation and renewal
Cable Reliability in Ground Guided Missle Systems

The increasing demand by equipment and system design engineers for greater operational and functional reliability of components has dictated the need for greater understanding and improvement of individual supporting parts. The present trend, in order to obtain reliable systems, is to devote maximum effort to perfecting or developing highly reliable equipments without commensurate effort to the necessary supporting interconnecting network required to integrate the various components into a complex system. This approach to system design is extremely risky and usually costly. Realizing the inefficiencies and risk to this approach, a joint Signal Ordnance Corps program under Contracts DA36-039 SC-73056 and SC-78175 was initiated with RCA Service Company, Alexandria~ Va. to survey and evaluate all external cables and connectors associated with several guided missile systems. During the evaluation phase, it became apparent that a consolidated and functionalized approach to cable design was necessary to obtain the required reliability, especially when dealing with a large and complex system such as the Nike Hercules, which has approximately 150 cable runs, consisting of approximately 13 miles of cables, weighing approximately 13 tons, and over 300 connectors. This paper will discuss the effect of conductor grouping on the inherent cable reliability, signal compatability and operational system reliability. Approaches which will permit the design of optimum and efficient external interconnecting networks for systems application are suggested.
Reinterpretation of Geologic Evolution of the Coastal Range, East Taiwan

The geological features of the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan are characterized by occurrence of Cenozoic ophiolite suites, development of a tectonic melange and existence of active left-lateral slip faulting. These are typical features found to occur in mobile belts such as island arcs and continental margins. From the review of the local geology, its comparison with that of the Franciscan assemblage and its combination with many available geophysical and oceanographic data related to the western Philippine Sea region, it is possible to construct a tectonic model for the development of the observed geologic features. The concept of plate tectonics has been applied in this model and it offers a better explanation for the evolution of the tectonic melange.
Topological and Impedance Element Ranking (TIER) of the Bulk-Power System

The Electricity Modernization Act of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires the creation of enforceable reliability standards for users, owners, and operators of the "Bulk-Power System" (BPS). This paper introduces an algorithm based on electrical properties of an electric power network that yields a numeric ranking of its branch elements as a step towards identifying which elements should be considered part of the BPS. This ranking depends solely on network topology and element electrical characteristics, and is wholly independent of generator cost functions and system operating point. Two perspectives for deriving and justifying this ranking algorithm are described: one based on the sensitivity of bus-to-branch Lagrange multipliers and another based on generation shift factors. Summary results obtained from applying the algorithm to a detailed model of the US Eastern Interconnection are reported (with suitable anonymity for any facility specific data, in keeping with Critical Energy Infrastructure Information (CEII) protections).
Requirements for Developing Natural Language Query Applications

The use of a “natural language” (for example, English) for direct interaction with databases, promises to broaden the market and the scope of computer utilization.(9,16,20,24) Technical feasibility has been demonstrated by the large number of experimental systems and the commercial availability of at least one such system. Yet there are many who voice concern as to the usability of natural languages for database querying by emphasizing the inherent dangers from its ambiguity.(17)
Historical Rete networks for debugging rule-based systems

To debug a forward-chaining rule-based program, certain, historical, information is needed. System builders should be able to request such information directly, instead of having to rerun the program one step at a time or search a trace of run details. As a first step in designing an explanation system for answering such questions, a proposal is discussed for storing a forward-chaining program run's 'historical' details in its Rete inference network, used to match rule conditions to working memory, without seriously affecting the network's run-time performance. This proposed modified Rete network is called a historical Rete network. Various algorithms for maintaining this network are discussed, along with how it can be used to analyze what happened during a program run. >
Island-driven search using broad phonetic classes

Most speech recognizers do not differentiate between reliable and unreliable portions of the speech signal during search. As a result, most of the search effort is concentrated in unreliable areas. Island-driven search addresses this problem by first identifying reliable islands and directing the search out from these islands towards unreliable gaps. In this paper, we develop a technique to detect islands from knowledge of hypothesized broad phonetic classes (BPCs). Using this island/gap knowledge, we explore a method to prune the search space to limit computational effort in unreliable areas. In addition, we also investigate scoring less detailed BPC models in gap regions and more detailed phonetic models in islands. Experiments on both small and large scale vocabulary tasks indicate that our island-driven search strategy results in an improvement in recognition accuracy and computation time.
Epidemiology of pneumococcal serotypes and conjugate vaccine formulations

The incidence of bacteremia and meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is highest among preschool-age children, particularly those 0.1 microgram/mL, 56 (80%) were among the seven most prevalent serotypes. All 21 isolates resistant to penicillin (MIC > or = 2.0 micrograms/mL) were among these seven serotypes.
Persistent tangles of vortex rings in excitable media

Abstract Vortex filaments in numerical excitable media form ‘stable organizing centers’: compact, spatially symmetric, temporally periodic configurations of linked and knotted rings emitting scroll-shaped wave trains while slowly moving through the medium. All past examples use excitable media in which the 2-dimensional (2d) spiral wave pivots rigidly without meander, and only one local state variable diffuses. Vortex filaments in such special media remain motionless when uncurved and free of ‘twist’. Are these conditions essential for persistence of vortex rings against collapse and reversion to a spatially uniform steady state? This paper shows by example that even if all variables diffuse (equally in this case) or if the 2d vortex ‘meanders’ spontaneously (the usual case), compact organizing centers of topologically distinct kinds can still persist. These ‘persistent organizing centers’ are not ‘stable’: they continually change shape without ever repeating. But their persistence for 70 rotation periods or more under generic conditions in numerical experiments suggests that they should be observable in nature.
On the derivation of stored electrostatic energy from a collection of discrete point charges

This correspondence presents a different perspective on the energy required to position a collection of arbitrary discrete point charges in a space with no externally provided electric field. By examining all permutations of the charge placements, a clear derivation of the familiar result is given, without relying on knowledge of reciprocity. >
Vitamin B 6 depletion in women using oral contraceptives as determined by erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities.

To test its effectiveness as an indicator of vitamin-B-6 deficiency erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EGPT) activity with or without stimulation by pyridoxal phosphate (PALPO) was measured in vitro in a group of 11 control females and 13 females using oral contraceptives. It had been suggested oral contraceptive users may be vitamin-B-6 deficient. Mean basal EGPT activity was significantly lower for contraceptive users (p less than .02) while percentages of stimulation by PALPO were significantly greater than those recorded for the controls (p less than .001). Mean values of EGPT activity with PALPO stimulation were not significantly different between the 2 groups. It is apparent that vitamin-B-6 depletion occurs with use of oral contraceptives and that EGPT with PALPO stimulation is a valid method of determining the vitamin-B-6 status in women using oral contraceptives.
Studies in Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi—No. 18: Resolution of Three Names Introduced by Degelius and Magnusson Based on Material from the Great Smoky Mountains

ABSTRACT Arthonia biseptata is shown to be a species of Mycoporum, likely narrowly endemic to high elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains and the new combination M. biseptatum is proposed. Lecidea degelii is shown to apply to the sorediate morphotype of Porpidia albocaerulescens. The results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and mtSSU sequence data of sorediate and esorediate populations of P. albocaerulescens are presented. These analyses recovered the sorediate and esorediate morophotypes together in a single clade as strongly supported monophyletic entities. As a result the new combination Porpidia degelii is proposed, the species illustrated, and the North American distribution of P. degelii with respect to P. albocaerulescens is discussed. These data refute the notion that “species pairs” do not exist in Porpidia. Lecidea subtilis is placed in synonymy with Pyrrhospora varians.
On initial enhancement of mesospheric dust associated plasma irregularities subsequent to radiowave heating

Important observational manifestations of subvisible mesospheric dust are Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes PMSE which are produced by scattering from electron irregularities produced by dust charging. It has been observed that the PMSE strength can be artificially modified by using a ground-based ionospheric heating facility to perturb the electron irregularity source region that is believed to produce PMSE. Recently it has become evident that significant diagnostic information may be available about the dust layer from the temporal behavior of the electron irregularities during the heating process which modifies the background electron temperature. Particularly interesting and important periods of the temporal behavior are during the turn-on and turn-off of the radiowave heating. Although a number of past theoretical and experimental investigations have considered the turn-off period, the objective here is to consider futher possibilities for diagnostic information available as well as the underlying physical processes. Approximate analytical models are developed and compared to a more accurate full computational model as a reference. Then from the temporal behavior of the electron irregularities during the turn-off of the radiowave heating, the analytical models are used to obtain possible diagnostic information for various charged dust and background plasma quantities.
On performance bottleneck of anonymous communication networks

Although a significant amount of effort has been directed at discovering attacks against anonymity communication networks and developing countermeasures to those attacks, there is little systematic analysis of the Quality of Service (QoS) for such privacy preserving systems. In this paper, we initiate the effort to study the QoS of Tor, a popular and representative implementation of anonymous communication networks on the Internet. We find that Tor suffers severe TCP performance degradation because of its random path selection strategy. Our investigation shows that Tor's bandwidth weighted path selection algorithm can only improve the performance to a very limited extent. We analyze this performance issue from the perspective of overlay networks and model the TCP throughput of Tor. We conduct extensive experiments on the real-world Tor network and the experimental results validate our theory. We also discuss possible remedies to this performance issue.
Oxygen Consumption, Ambient Temperature and Excretion of Phosphorus-32 in Cotton Rats

One of the major difficulties in evaluating energy flow in natural animal populations is the determination of field metabolism. Various writers have suggested that there may be a correlation between excretion rate of a radioactive isotope and metabolism in small mammals which might be used to determine metabolism in free—ranging animals. To test this hypothesis, cotton rats confined in the laboratory and in field enclosures were injected with P32 and their excretion rates were measured. Oxygen consumption also was measured in the laboratory animals. A poor correlation was found between oxygen consumption and excretion rate in the laboratory while a significant correlation was found between P32 excretion rate, oxygen consumption and temperature. Assuming that this correlation held true in the field, oxygen consumption was predicted in the field population, as 2.37 cc O2/g hr—1 in July, 3.41 cc O2/g hr2o1 in September and 4.02 cc O2/g hr—1 in November. Oxygen consumption in the field was not significantly h...