cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resource-Based Patient Prioritization in Mass-Casualty Incidents

The most widely used standard for mass-casualty triage, START, relies on a fixed-priority ordering among different classes of patients, and does not explicitly consider resource limitations or the changes in survival probabilities with respect to time. We construct a fluid model of patient triage in a mass-casualty incident that incorporates these factors and characterize its optimal policy. We use this characterization to obtain useful insights about the type of simple policies that have a good chance to perform well in practice, and we demonstrate how one could develop such a policy. Using a realistic simulation model and data from emergency medicine literature, we show that the policy we developed based on our fluid formulation outperforms START in all scenarios considered, sometimes substantially.
Intra-symbol SMSE waveform design amidst coexistent 802.11 OFDM signals

Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveform designs are optimized in a coexistent environment by independently selecting intra-symbol subcarrier power and modulation order. As demonstrated previously with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) primary users (PU), SMSE waveform applicability is extended here using a coexistent environment containing multiple OFDM-based 802.11 PU signals. By exploiting statistical knowledge of PU spectral and temporal behavior, the SMSE system throughput (bits/second) can be maximized while adhering to SMSE and PU bit error rate (BER) constraints with mutual coexistent interference limited to manageable levels. Results for the SMSE-802.11 coexistent scenario demonstrate that significant performance improvement is available when the SMSE signal dynamically adapts to PU transmissions.
Glutathione and K+ channel remodeling in postinfarction rat heart

Electrical remodeling of the diseased ventricle is characterized by downregulation of K+ channels that control action potential repolarization. Recent studies suggest that this shift in electrophys...
Application of statistical methods to the determination of slope in lidar data

Assumptions made in the analysis of both Raman lidar measurements of aerosol extinction and differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of an absorbing species are tested. Statistical analysis techniques are used to enhance the estimation of aerosol extinction and aerosol extinction error that is usually handled using a linear model. It is determined that the most probable extinction value can differ from that of the linear assumption by up to 10% and that differences larger than 50% can occur in the calculation of extinction error. Ignoring error in the number density alters the calculated extinction by up to 3% and that of extinction error by up to 10%. The preceding results were obtained using the least-squares technique. The least-squares technique assumes that the data being regressed are normally distributed. However, the quantity that is usually regressed in aerosol extinction and DIAL calculations is not normally distributed. A technique is presented that allows the required numerical derivative to be determined by regressing only normally distributed data. The results from this technique are compared with the usual procedure. The same concerns raised here regarding appropriate choice of a model in the context of aerosol extinction calculations should apply to DIAL calculations of absorbing species such as water vapor or ozone as well because the numerical derivative that is required is identical.
Isolation of the murine ribonuclease gene Rib-1: structure and tissue specific expression of pancreas and parotid gland

Abstract The mouse pancreatic ribonuclease gene Rib-1 was isolated from a library of mouse genomic DNA and sequenced. This small gene contains a nontranslated exon of 52 base pairs, an intron of 791 base pairs, and a coding exon of 741 base pairs. Rib-1 transcripts were detected in parotid gland as well as in pancreas. The abundance of the transcripts were approximately 200-fold greater in pancreatic RNA than in parotid RNA. The sites of transcription initiation were mapped by primer extension and ribonuclease protection assays. One major initiation site and several minor initiation sites were identified in pancreatic RNA. Transcription in parotid appears to be initiated from the same sites. Parotid-specific transcripts were not detected. The data suggest that Rib-1 is transcribed in pancreas and parotid from the same promoter. This is in contrast with the mechanism for production of amylase in pancreas and parotid, which is accomplished by tissue specific expression of different gene copies.
Dead Center: The Demise of Liberal Internationalism in the United States

According to mainstream opinion, the George W. Bush administration's assertive unilateralism represents a temporary departure from the traditional foreign policy of the United States, one that will be rectified by a change of personnel in the White House in 2009. This interpretation of recent trends in U.S. policy is illusory. The Bush administration's foreign policy, far from representing an aberration, marks the end of an era; it is a symptom, as much as a cause, of the unraveling of the liberal internationalist compact that guided the United States for more than half a century. The geopolitical and domestic conditions that gave rise to liberal internationalism have disappeared, eroding its bipartisan political foundations. In today's partisan landscape, the challenge is devising a grand strategy that not only meets the country's geopolitical needs but also is politically sustainable. A strategy that is as judicious and selective as it is purposeful offers the best hope for moving the United States towa...
Concierge Medicine: Should Financial Considerations Prevail Over Ethical And Moral Concerns?

Many primary care physicians are now considering changing their practices to the new concierge medical practice. Also known as boutique medicine, retainer or "highly attentive" medicine. This new style practice offers access to a physician who has now limited the size of his practice in exchange for an annual fee. These practices are nearly all primary care, and usually vary in size from 600 patients to 300 or less and carry a typical fee of $1,500.00 a year. Although a recent phenomenon, boutique medicine remains a small niche. But the number of practices continues to grow. Particularly on the East and West coasts where there are more wealthier people, who expect more from their health care providers. Benefits of this new practice include same-day or next-day appointments not under time constraints, house calls, 24 hour a day access by cell phone, annual wellness evaluations and highly appointed offices. One of the major criticisms of concierge medicine involves those who do not participate in such a program. The practices also displace patients to other medical providers. And as such, create problems of excessive demand on the existing physicians who do not participate. Generally speaking, the patients who elect to participate in concierge practices are healthier and require less intensive care than those cared for in other settings. All this without consideration of the approximately 45 million Americans who live without health care insurance, which only serves to compound the existing problems. There "VIP" medical services with their superior amenities and convenience can be purchased by those with sufficient wealth. However, the question should not turn on the quality of health care which depends on the amount of money an individual can spend on it. Many would regard good health as a right rather than a privilege. The final ethical question is to consider the thought that an individual might experience more or less morbidity or mortality based on how much money they could devote to medical care. Health care should not be discretionary, as everyone should be entitled to the quality without regard to financial status.
Passive Mechanisms Controlling Posture and Trajectory in Swimming Fishes

Control of both posture and trajectory are important for swimming animals. The better controlled their movements are the greater their abilities to move as necessary.
Archives of the Motion Picture: A General View

made to record its history systematically. During the early years of the film, little effort was made to acquire and preserve those records, artifacts, and films that were involved in its development. Even today, at a time when the art of the film is being studied in more than 200 American colleges and universities, it is difficult to acquire archival materials in the field. The reasons for this difficulty are numerous, but principal among them is the fact that film makers, unlike workers in the other arts, have never been encouraged to take their art very seriously. Every year, every day, valuable papers, drawings, photographs, and films are destroyed by artists and technicians in the motion picture industry because they do not realize their historical, artistic, or pedagogic value. The job of the archivist is to acquire the remaining materials before they disappear, to make them accessible to film scholars, and to create an environment in which members of the film industry will be encouraged to aid in a program of continuing archival preservation. The Nature of the Film Of the many ways in which the motion picture can be described, at least five are of real interest to the archivist. 1. 77 is an art. Since it is an art, all the biographical materials that are useful in the study of the other arts are useful in the study of the film, too. Papers, letters, diaries, memos - all provide insights into the personality of the film maker and help reveal the educational, social, political, and psychological elements out of which that personality was fashioned. With respect to particular motion picture productions, these same documents help reveal the intentions of the film artist, the frustrations that he experienced in the realization of his work, and the extent to which the finished products reflect his original schemes.
Strategies and goals: the future of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society: IGCS Presidential Address.

Ladies and gentleman, colleagues, fellows, and guests of our society, it is with considerable pleasure that I address you as your twelfth president. Serving in this capacity has been one of the highlights of my career. I am honored and humbled to have the opportunity to reflect on the hard work that
Tuning electronic transport in epitaxial graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures

Two-dimensional tungsten diselenide (WSe2) has been used as a component in atomically thin photovoltaic devices, field effect transistors, and tunneling diodes in tandem with graphene. In some applications it is necessary to achieve efficient charge transport across the interface of layered WSe2–graphene, a semiconductor to semimetal junction with a van der Waals (vdW) gap. In such cases, band alignment engineering is required to ensure a low-resistance, ohmic contact. In this work, we investigate the impact of graphene electronic properties on the transport at the WSe2–graphene interface. Electrical transport measurements reveal a lower resistance between WSe2 and fully hydrogenated epitaxial graphene (EGFH) compared to WSe2 grown on partially hydrogenated epitaxial graphene (EGPH). Using low-energy electron microscopy and reflectivity on these samples, we extract the work function difference between the WSe2 and graphene and employ a charge transfer model to determine the WSe2 carrier density in both cases. The results indicate that WSe2–EGFH displays ohmic behavior at small biases due to a large hole density in the WSe2, whereas WSe2–EGPH forms a Schottky barrier junction.
Laboratory detection and tracing analysis of one food poisoning caused by Salmonella enteritidis

Objective To detect the pathogenic bacteria and observe the homolog of a Salmonella from food poisoning. Methods Salmonella enteritidis was separated conventionally and the separeated Salmonella enteritidis was conducted for molecular typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis( PFGE). Results 4 Salmonella enteritidis strains were detected from 14 stool samples of students,6 Salmonella enteritidis strains and 1 Newport Salmonella were detected from 57 stool samples of kitcheners,1 Salmonella enteritidis strain was detected from 9 freezing prepackaged foods. 11 Salmonella enteritidis strains were conducted molecular type by PFGE. PFGE banding showed that 10 Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from the students and kitcheners had highly homologous with the PFGE banding and had 86% similarity with Salmonella enteritidis detected from freezing prepackaged foods clustering analysis of PFGE. Conclusion This food poisoning was caused by Salmonella enteritidis. The analysis of the PFGE type demonstrated that there was no correlation between the food poisoning and pre-packaged food contamination of Salmonella enteritidis.PFGE is an effective method of traceability analysis and researching molecular epidemiology of food poisoning.
Morbidity and mortality in elderly orthopedic patients.

The results are discussed of a retrospective study of 220 patients that was performed to elucidate factors that are predictive of morbidity and mortality in elderly orthopedic patients.
Serum Gentamicin Concentrations in Postpartum Endomyometritis

Gentamicin in combination with other antibiotics is frequently used in the treatment of postpartum endomyometritis. The need to monitor and maintain therapeutic concentrations, however, is controversial. To assess the role of monitoring, serum gentamicin concentrations were prospectively studied in an obstetric population treated for postpartum endomyometritis. Clinical course was correlated to serum gentamicin levels obtained using a 1 mg/kg/dose regimen. No patient demonstrated therapeutic concentrations. Sixteen of 18 obstetric patients (88%) exhibited a clinical response despite subtherapeutic serum gentamicin concentrations. The two failures included one case of septicemia and one wound seroma. Serum gentamicin levels of this obstetric population when compared to those from a gynecologic population treated for benign disease demonstrated no statistical difference. These data suggest that clinical response provides an accurate indication of the efficacy of therapy and that gentamicin doses of 1 mg/kg/dose provide sufficient antibiotic coverage in most cases. These results do not support the use of increased gentamicin dosages and the need to attain therapeutic levels in the obstetric patient, as previously suggested.
Making the Image Everything

By 1981, new wave acts on both sides of the Atlantic (and their counterparts in art and postmodern theory) had spent half a decade interrogating the sign and playing with its instability. They weren’t always thinking about ‘sign’ in the same ways: some focused on word play and language games; others dealt with the musical sign — how, for example the synthesizer disconnected sound from the musician playing it; still others considered personality and what happens when the signs of personality float independently from an actual person. All of these approaches led to the same place, however. If the sign was disconnected from its referent, if signifiers — of every type — no longer pointed to concrete signifieds, reality itself was suddenly in question.
Still No Effect of Resources, Even in the New Gilded Age?

The Coleman Report argued that family background is a fundamental cause of educational outcomes, while demonstrating the weak predictive power of variation in expenditures and facilities. This paper investigates the effects of family background, expenditures, and the conditions of school facilities for the public high school class of 2004, first sampled in 2002 for the Education Longitudinal Study and then followed up in 2004, 2006, and 2012. The results demonstrate that expenditures and related school inputs have very weak associations not only with test scores in the sophomore and senior years of high school but also with high school graduation and subsequent college entry. Only for postsecondary educational attainment do we find any meaningful predictive power for expenditures, and here half of the association can be adjusted away by school-level differences in average family background. Altogether, expenditures and facilities have much smaller associations with secondary and postsecondary outcomes than many scholars and policy advocates assume. The overall conclusion of the Coleman Report—that family background is far and away the most important determinant of educational achievement and attainment—is as convincing today as it was fifty years ago.
Assaults against U.S. law enforcement officers in the line-of-duty: situational context and predictors of lethality

Research on occupational safety of law enforcement officers (LEOs) has primarily focused on fatal assaults. Nonfatal assaults, however, have received little attention. The goal of this study was to describe the situational contexts in which LEOs are assaulted, and compare these contexts and risks between fatal and nonfatal assaults in the U.S. Analyzing both types of assaults provides a more complete understanding of occupational safety and opportunities for intervention. This study includes a descriptive epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal assaults of LEOs in the U.S. and a pooled cross-sectional analysis of risk factors contributing to the odds of lethal assault. Data were collected from the Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted database. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize fatal and nonfatal assaults. Odds ratios were generated to understand the odds that an assault would result in a fatality. Between 1998 and 2013, there were 791 fatal assaults and 2,022 nonfatal assaults of LEOs. Nearly 60% of primary wounds in fatal assaults were received to the head, neck, or throat while nearly 50% of primary wounds in nonfatal assaults were received to the arms/hands or below the waist. The odds that an assault resulted in a fatality decreased by 57% (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.58) when a LEO was wearing body armor. LEOs experiencing an ambush or unprovoked attack had significantly increased odds of an assault resulting in a fatality (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.83 to 5.85 and OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.47 respectively). LEOs that were disarmed during an encounter with a suspect had more than 2-fold increased odds of an assault resulting in a fatality (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.38). There are specific situational and encounter characteristics that influence the lethality of an assault, which suggest strategies for prevention. Mandatory wear policies for the use of body armor could significantly reduce mortality among assaulted LEOs.
An Approach to Solving World Food Problems

Approaches to solving food problems have often been too specific, both here at home and abroad. In developing countries, chronic food problems have often been attacked with a technology, the adopti...
When Prosperity Merges into Crisis: The Decline and Fall of Ohio Life, Political Economy of Bank Suspension, and the Panic of 1857

The historical record has remained incomplete as to exactly why the Ohio Life failed on August 24, 1857 and what, if any, causal connection existed between the failure and the subsequent panic. Using new information sources, we make three main contributions to the literature. First, we conduct a detailed analysis of how and why Ohio Life’s head cashier, Edwin Ludlow, misappropriated funds to support his stock and bond market operations. Second, we show that when Ohio Life collapsed panic ensued with bank assets transitioning into an information sensitive state. Third, we show that Ohio Life’s failure and the subsequent state transition caused significant uncertainty and hysteresis amongst banks by revealing a critical vulnerability in New York state bank regulation. We conclude that is was the manner in which Ohio Life failed that links it to the panic of 1857.
Affirmative Action: Path to Equality or Reverse Discrimination?

Higher education is the door to opportunity for social advancement in our society and is often tied to political and social power. This paper will consider the use of race-based preferential treatment in university and college admissions. By examining key court rulings concerning the implementation of affirmative action in Washington, California, Texas, and Michigan, the nature of the Courtâ€™s fragmented opinions regarding affirmative action programs with respect to university and college admissions will become evident. The debate over affirmative action is generally split between the need to balance the individual guarantee of equal protection under the law, as stipulated in the Fourteenth Amendment and the interpretation of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, with the desire to remedy past discrimination and promote diversity in institutions of higher learning. It is the contention of the author that affirmative action policies such as minority outreach and targeted recruitment, strike a balance in the affirmative action debate and are more effective, constitutional methods to achieve opportunity for all and increase diversity, than are quota-based admissions policies that can themselves be discriminatory.
The Ability of a State-Owned Enterprise to Declare Force Majeure Based Upon Actions of the State

A party’s obligations under a contract may be discharged where “performance is made impracticable without their fault by the occurrence of an event the non-occurrence of which was a basic assumption” at the time the parties entered into the agreement. A force majeure (or Act of God) is the contract term for such an event. Contracts often contain a force majeure clause in order to specify the parties’ obligations in the case of such an event. A force majeure clause is “a contractual provision allocating the risk if performance becomes impossible or impracticable as a result of an event or effect that the parties could not have anticipated or controlled.” In terms of international law, this may lead to a situation where a state owned company is discharged from its obligations under a contract with a private entity because an action of the controlling state has brought about the event. If a government regulation or order, foreign or domestic, whose non- occurrence was an assumption underlying the contract, makes performance impracticable because of compliance, then it will discharge the parties. The general understanding is that a state enterprise should be treated in the same manner as a private enterprise being neither privileged nor disadvantaged by its relation to the state. However, the aforementioned contract law leads to an inequitable result as applied to a situation where a state enterprise has induced the state into actions that make performance impossible. As a result, arbitration panels will scrutinize the actions of the state closely in order to see whether or not they were taken to benefit the state enterprise. There are three criteria that an arbitration panel may weigh when deciding whether a state enterprise can justifiably invoke the force majeure clause in a contract based upon actions of the state that brought about the circumstances that precipitated the force majeure. The three factors are: (1) the state enterprise must possess a legal identity distinct from that of the state in commercial transactions; (2) the state enterprise must not be in collusion with the host state to bring about the action that precipitated the force majeure; and (3) the action of the host state must be either an act of state or a political decision of national sovereignty outside of the state’s purely pecuniary interest in the commercial transaction.
TBK1 Provides Context-Selective Support of the Activated AKT/mTOR Pathway in Lung Cancer

Emerging observations link dysregulation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to developmental disorders, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Biochemical mechanisms accounting for direct participation of TBK1 in host defense signaling have been well described. However, the molecular underpinnings of the selective participation of TBK1 in a myriad of additional cell biological systems in normal and pathophysiologic contexts remain poorly understood. To elucidate the context-selective role of TBK1 in cancer cell survival, we employed a combination of broad-scale chemogenomic and interactome discovery strategies to generate data-driven mechanism-of-action hypotheses. This approach uncovered evidence that TBK1 supports AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation and function through direct modulation of multiple pathway components acting both upstream and downstream of the mTOR kinase itself. Furthermore, we identified distinct molecular features in which mesenchymal, Ras-mutant lung cancer is acutely dependent on TBK1-mediated support of AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation for survival. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5077-94. ©2017 AACR.
Diffusion of Sites versus Polymers in Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Multilayers.

It has long been assumed that the spontaneous formation of materials such as complexes and multilayers from charged polymers depends on (inter)diffusion of these polyelectrolytes. Here, we separately examine the mass transport of polymer molecules and extrinsic sites—charged polyelectrolyte repeat units balanced by counterions—within thin films of polyelectrolyte complex, PEC, using sensitive isotopic labeling techniques. The apparent diffusion coefficients of these sites within PEC films of poly(diallyldimethylammonium), PDADMA, and poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS, are at least 2 orders of magnitude faster than the diffusion of polyelectrolytes themselves. This is because site diffusion requires only local rearrangements of polyelectrolyte repeat units, placing far fewer kinetic limitations on the assembly of polyelectrolyte complexes in all of their forms. Site diffusion strongly depends on the salt concentration (ionic strength) of the environment, and diffusion of PDADMA sites is faster than that of PSS s...
WRIST: A WRist Image Segmentation Toolkit for carpal bone delineation from MRI.

Segmentation of the carpal bones from 3D imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is commonly performed for in vivo analysis of wrist morphology, kinematics, and biomechanics. This crucial task is typically carried out manually and is labor intensive, time consuming, subject to high inter- and intra-observer variability, and may result in topologically incorrect surfaces. We present a method, WRist Image Segmentation Toolkit (WRIST), for 3D semi-automated, rapid segmentation of the carpal bones of the wrist from MRI. In our method, the boundary of the bones were iteratively found using prior known anatomical constraints and a shape-detection level set. The parameters of the method were optimized using a training dataset of 48 manually segmented carpal bones and evaluated on 112 carpal bones which included both healthy participants without known wrist conditions and participants with thumb basilar osteoarthritis (OA). Manual segmentation by two expert human observers was considered as a reference. On the healthy subject dataset we obtained a Dice overlap of 93.0 ± 3.8, Jaccard Index of 87.3 ± 6.2, and a Hausdorff distance of 2.7 ± 3.4 mm, while on the OA dataset we obtained a Dice overlap of 90.7 ± 8.6, Jaccard Index of 83.0 ± 10.6, and a Hausdorff distance of 4.0 ± 4.4 mm. The short computational time of 20.8 s per bone (or 5.1 s per bone in the parallelized version) and the high agreement with the expert observers gives WRIST the potential to be utilized in musculoskeletal research.
Investigating antecedents and outcome of telepresence on a hotel’s website

This study aims to investigate the relationships among sensory, emotional and cognitive attributes on a hotel’s website, customers’ telepresence, their attitudes toward the hotel’s website, brand attitudes and their behavioral intentions, based on telepresence and parasocial interaction theories as theoretical backgrounds.,A cross-sectional, online, self-administered survey was conducted to examine the proposed framework from previous hotel guests in the USA, who booked the hotel via its website within the previous 12 months.,Results identified sensory and emotional attributes influenced customers’ telepresence; however, cognitive attributes did not affect telepresence on the hotel’s website. Telepresence then influenced customers’ attitudes toward the hotel’s website and their behavioral intentions. Both attitudes toward the hotel’s website and brand attitudes influenced customers’ behavioral intentions.,This study was the first study to propose the telepresence model in the hotel website context, investigating antecedents and outcomes of the telepresence.
Ligand-dependent Ag2S formation: changes in deposition of silver nanoparticles with sulfidation

The surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) are continuously evolving as they are exposed to different environmental conditions. Under the same sulfidation conditions, silver NPs (AgNPs) are generally considered to undergo the same surface modifications (i.e., removal of original ligands and formation of a new silver sulfide (Ag2S) shell). We examined this generalization by studying how different ligands, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG), affected 1) the formation of a new Ag2S shell and 2) the subsequent mobility of these transformed AgNPs. The deposition of PEG-AgNPs onto a silica substrate decreased by a factor of 40 after sulfidation, while the deposition of PVP-AgNPs increased by a factor of 15. The decreased deposition of sulfidized PEG-AgNPs was attributed to the removal of PEG and the formation of Ag2S, which created a more negatively charged surface (−15 mV to −30 mV) and consequently greater electrostatic repulsion with the silica substrate. The increased deposition of sulfidized PVP-AgNPs was suggested to be caused by the removal of PVP and the absence of Ag2S, which decreased steric repulsion with the silica substrate. For the first time, this study revealed the unique abilities of two common polymeric coatings of AgNPs to form Ag2S during sulfidation and how Ag2S determined their subsequent mobility. The results of this communication also highlighted the importance of monitoring the continuous evolution of the NP surface for better prediction of NP exposure and toxicity.
Implementation of Precursor and Neutral Loss Scans on a Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer and Performance Comparison to a Benchtop Linear Ion Trap

Implementation of orthogonal double resonance precursor and neutral loss scans on the Mini 12 miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer is described, and performance is compared to that of a commercial Thermo linear trap quadropole (LTQ) linear ion trap. The ac frequency scan version of the technique at constant rf voltage is used here because it is operationally much simpler to implement. Remarkably, the Mini 12 shows up to two orders of magnitude higher sensitivity compared to that of the LTQ. Resolution on the LTQ is better than unit at scan speeds of ~ 400 Th/s, whereas peak widths on the Mini 12, on average, range from 0.5 to 2.0 Th full width at half maximum and depend heavily on the precursor ion Mathieu q parameter as well as the pump down time that precedes the mass scan. Both sensitivity and resolution are maximized under higher pressure conditions (short pump down time) on the Mini 12. The effective mass range of the product ion ejection waveform was found to be 5.8 Th on the Mini 12 in the precursor ion scan mode vs. that of 3.9 Th on the LTQ. In the neutral loss scan mode, the product ion selectivity was between 8 and 11 Th on the Mini 12 and between 7 and 8 Th on the LTQ. The effects of nonlinear resonance lines on the Mini 12 were also explored.
Social context alters host behavior and infection risk

Disease risk is influenced by hosts’ traits and their social environment. We tested how variation in host behavior and group sex ratio alter transmission of a fungal pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster. Hosts varied in behaviors that influence pathogen transmission, though factors of social context were the only predictors of infection risk: more infections were observed in female-biased groups. Social context may therefore be a more powerful predictor of disease risk compared to individual traits.
TCR Transgenic Mice Reveal Stepwise, Multi-site Acquisition of the Distinctive Fat-Treg Phenotype

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) hosts a population of regulatory T (Treg) cells, with a unique phenotype, that controls local and systemic inflammation and metabolism. Generation of a T cell receptor transgenic mouse line, wherein VAT Tregs are highly enriched, facilitated study of their provenance, dependencies, and activities. We definitively established a role for T cell receptor specificity, uncovered an unexpected function for the primordial Treg transcription-factor, Foxp3, evidenced a cell-intrinsic role for interleukin-33 receptor, and ordered these dependencies within a coherent scenario. Genesis of the VAT-Treg phenotype entailed a priming step in the spleen, permitting them to exit the lymphoid organs and surveil nonlymphoid tissues, and a final diversification process within VAT, in response to microenvironmental cues. Understanding the principles of tissue-Treg biology is a prerequisite for precision-targeting strategies.
Adjuvant Hyperthermia in the Irradiation of Metastatic Tumor Masses Utilizing 2450 MHz Microwaves

Clinical interest in hyperthermia as a safe and effective adjuvant to irradiation in cancer therapy continues to heighten. The review of experimental and clinical studies by Overgaard suggests that the optimal thermal enhancement ratio (TER) may be obtained by simultaneous administration of both modalities; however, an improvement in therapeutic ratio (tumor effect vs. skin effect) may be best attained by sequential administration of radiotherapy and hyperthermia and with sessions separated by intervals of three hours or longer. Most clinical studies have either administered the heat shortly before irradiation therapy (Kim et al., Marmor and Hahn, Manning et al.) or immediately after (Bicher et al., Perez et al., Arcangeli et al., and Luk).
8MM Interposition Portacaval Shunt

Control of acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices not amenable to or failing medical therapy, e.g., pharmacotherapy, balloon tamponade, endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension Control of bleeding gastric or intestinal varices Prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding after initial control Complicated Budd-Chiari syndrome
Fly Flight: A Model for the Neural Control of Complex Behavior

Flies exhibit a repertoire of aerial acrobatics unmatched in robustness and aerodynamic sophistication. The exquisite control of this complex behavior emerges from encoding intricate patterns of optic flow, and the translation of these visual signals into the mechanical language of the motor system. Recent advances in experimental design toward more naturalistic visual and mechanosensory stimuli have served to reinforce fly flight as a key model system for understanding how feedback from multiple sensory modalities is integrated to control complex and robust motor behaviors across taxa.
Highest ADA expressing mouse tissues also exhibit cell-type specific coordinate up-regulation of purine degradative enzymes.

During previous studies of human ADA gene regulatory elements in transgenic mice (Aronow et al. 1989) we noted the profound degree of up-regulation of the endogenous mouse ADA gene in both the post-natal gastrointestinal tract (Lee 1973, Chinsky et al. 1990), and the post-implantation reproductive tract (Knudsen et al. 1988). ADA specific activity and mRNA levels in these tissues exceeds those observed in thymus, which is thought to be the principle site of biochemical pathology in ADA deficient humans. Within the proximal GI tract, there are also some striking tissue specific species differences between humans and mice. For example, humans do express ADA at high levels in the duodenum and thymus, but do not in most other tissues including tongue and esophagus (Aronow et al. 1989). In mice, ADA expression occurs in a somewhat similar pattern but very high-level expression also occurs in tongue, esophagus, forestomach. High level ADA expression has not been observed in human placenta, but the placentas of rat, cat, cow, guinea pig, and rabbit have been reported to contain very high levels of ADA at some stages of gestation (Brady and O’Donovan, 1965; Sim and Maguire, 1970). To approach the question as to why ADA is expressed at high level in some of these locations, we have attempted to observe the expression of the other purine catabolic enzymes. In this study we demonstrate that the entire series of purine catabolic pathway enzymes are expressed in identical cell types and undergo developmental co-regulation throughout the proximal GI tract. We also observe a similar co-expression of purine catabolic enzymes in a distinct population of cells of the post-implantation maternal decidua long been known to express high levels of 5’NT (Hall 1971) and more recently ADA (Knudsen et al. 1988, 1991). Like the mature GI tract, a substantial subset of cells in the reproductive tract also appear committed to the degradation of purine nucleotides.
Empowering Agribusiness with Digital Innovation for Emerging Market

This article discusses the adoption process of B2B market in agriculture business. The current challenges in today’s agriculture business provide a holistic view on better implementation of B2B market opportunities using e-commerce platform. Electronic commerce has the potential of improving the efficiency and productivity of any economy. Currently, there are still a limited number of studies on e-commerce adoption by developing countries. This article is meant to identify factors that could influence proper implementation and adoption of e-commerce in developing countries focusing towards B2B market. Factors affecting the adoption of e-commerce and the condition of emerging market in relation to e-commerce adoption were also discussed.
A Trace Query Language for Rule-based Models

In this paper, we introduce a unified approach for querying simulation traces of rule-based models about the statistical behavior of individual agents. In our approach, a query consists in a trace pattern along with an expression that depends on the variables captured by this pattern. On a given trace, it evaluates to the multiset of all values of the expression for every possible matching of the pattern. We illustrate our proposed query language on a simple example, and then discuss its semantics and implementation for the Kappa language. Finally, we provide a detailed use case where we analyze the dynamics of \(\beta \)-catenin degradation in Wnt signaling from an agent-centric perspective.
Untargeted Soil Metabolomics Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

The molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) sets the foundation for terrestrial microbial community structures and carbon cycling dynamics. However, the specific chemical constituents of SOM are underexplored. In this chapter we present a protocol for the extraction of small molecule metabolites from soil followed by compound detection and identification using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There are options within the protocol to assess either the extracellular pool of metabolites or the total pool (including intracellular) and either polar or nonpolar metabolites, depending on the reader's research interests. These methods can be followed individually for a more targeted analysis or all methods can be combined to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of SOM metabolite composition (such as amino acids, nucleobases, organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, and antibiotics).
mORAL: An mHealth Model for Inferring Oral Hygiene Behaviors in-the-wild Using Wrist-worn Inertial Sensors

We address the open problem of reliably detecting oral health behaviors passively from wrist-worn inertial sensors. We present our model named mORAL (pronounced em oral) for detecting brushing and flossing behaviors, without the use of instrumented toothbrushes so that the model is applicable to brushing with still prevalent manual toothbrushes. We show that for detecting rare daily events such as toothbrushing, adopting a model that is based on identifying candidate windows based on events, rather than fixed-length timeblocks, leads to significantly higher performance. Trained and tested on 2,797 hours of sensor data collected over 192 days on 25 participants (using video annotations for ground truth labels), our brushing model achieves 100% median recall with a false positive rate of one event in every nine days of sensor wearing. The average error in estimating the start/end times of the detected event is 4.1% of the interval of the actual toothbrushing event.
Hemolytic disease and polycythemia in parabiosis intoxication.

Disharmoniouns parabiotic rats were studied, which had clinical, hematologic, pathologic and serologic evidences of blood incompatibility, isohemagglutinin hypersensitization and hemolytic anemia. Spherocytosis and increased incomplete isohemagglutinin antibodies, demonstrated by indirect Coombs-type agglutinations and with trypsinized rat erythrocytes, were found in both parabionts. One partner became anemic with reticulocytosis, erythroblastosis, bone marrow necrobiosis, reactive hematopoietic hyperplasia and enhanced extramedullary hematopoiesis. The other parabiont showed lymphoid and reticulo-endothelial hyperplasia, leukocytoid lymphocytosis and erythrophagocytosis. It was plethoric with polycythemia, increased blood volume and high blood pressure. The polycythemia was explained by mechanical trapping of sludged antibody-coated incompatible erythrocytes, which the reticulo-endothelial system was inadequate to process. Complicating hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuric nephrosis developed. Other manifestations of parabiosis intoxication are briefly discussed.
Coagulopathy in surgical management of placenta accreta spectrum.

Abstract Background One of the major complications of the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is the development of coagulopathy. The detection, prevention and prompt treatment of coagulopathy may be lifesaving. Objective Our objective was to study selected factors associated with coagulopathy in the management of PAS by a well-established multidisciplinary team. Study design This is a retrospective review of all patients with pathologically proven PAS (including placenta accreta, increta or percreta) who underwent surgery by our multidisciplinary team between January 2011 and February 2017. Coagulopathy in this setting was defined as a platelet count of 1.5, and/or fibrinogen Results Of 123 singleton patients with PAS, 37 (30.1%; 95%CI 22.1–39.0) developed coagulopathy and 86 (69.9%; 95%CI 61.0–77.9) did not. Baseline patient demographic characteristics did not differ significantly between these groups. Estimated blood loss (median and Inter-quartile range) was 2100cc (1800, 400) and 1400 (1000, 2500) in the presence and absence of coagulopathy, respectively (P Conclusions Coagulopathy in patients with PAS undergoing hysterectomy is strongly associated with blood loss and replacement. It may be prudent to establish protocols that aggressively monitor for, and treat, coagulopathy when EBL exceeds 1500 mL in such surgeries, prior to the development of clinical coagulopathy which if uncorrected may lead to massive blood loss.
Alcohol use disorder and cannabis use disorder symptomatology in adolescents are differentially related to dysfunction in brain regions supporting face processing.

Abstract Despite extensive behavioral evidence of impairments in face processing and expression recognition in adults with alcohol or cannabis use disorders (AUD/CUD), neuroimaging findings have been inconsistent. Moreover, relatively little work has examined the relationship of AUD or CUD symptoms with face or expression processing within adolescents. Given the high prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence, understanding how these usage behaviors interact with neural mechanisms supporting face and expression processing could have important implications for youth social and emotional functioning. In this study, adolescents (N = 104) responded to morphed fearful and happy expressions during fMRI and their level of AUD and/or CUD symptoms were related to the BOLD response data. We found that AUD and CUD symptom severity were both negatively related to responses to faces generally. However, whereas this relationship was shown for AUD within ventromedial prefrontal cortex and lingual gyrus, it was shown for CUD within rostromedial prefrontal cortex including anterior cingulate cortex. Additionally, AUD symptom levels were associated with differential responses within medial temporal pole and inferior parietal lobule as a function of expression. These results have potential implications for understanding the social and emotional functioning of adolescents with AUD and CUD symptoms.
Effects of water activity, sugars, and proteins on lipid oxidative stability of low moisture model crackers

Understanding lipid oxidation mechanisms in low moisture foods is necessary to develop antioxidant strategies to increase shelf life and/or to improve nutritional quality by increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. In this study, we examined the influence of water activity (aw), sugars (glucose, maltose, maltodextrin, and cyclodextrin), and proteins (casein and gluten) on the lipid hydroperoxide and hexanal lag phases of model crackers. Oxidative stability of crackers was in an order: aw 0.7 > aw 0.4 > aw 0.2 > aw 0.05. Higher water activities resulted in bigger differences between hydroperoxide lag phases and hexanal lag phases. Compared to non-reducing cyclodextrin and no added sugar controls, reducing sugars including glucose, maltose, and maltodextrin at the same dextrose equivalence increased both hydroperoxide and hexanal lag phases. At the same dextrose equivalence, oxidative stability was in the order of maltose > maltodextrin > glucose > control (no sugar added). The antioxidant effectiveness of maltose, a low sweetness profile sugar, increased with increasing concentrations from 1.1 to 13.8%. Increasing aw increased the antioxidant activity of maltose. For example, 1.1% maltose increased both hydroperoxides and hexanal lag phases by 9 days at an aw of 0.2, but increased hydroperoxide lag phase by 24 days and hexanal lag phase by 15 days at an aw of 0.7. Gluten was able to inhibit lipid oxidation with activity increasing with increasing aw while casein showed minimal antioxidant impact. Antioxidant activity of gluten decreased when its sulfhydryl groups were blocked by N-ethylmaleimide suggesting that cysteine was an important antioxidant component of gluten. Adjusting water activity and addition of reducing sugars and gluten could be strategies to increase oxidative stability of low moisture crackers.
SUB-PULMONIC ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY FROM RIGHT CORONARY CUSP PRESENTING AS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Interarterial anomalous left coronary artery (ALCA) is associated with sudden cardiac death, and requires surgical intervention. Clinical presentation and anatomical features of a non-interarterial ALCA should also dictate if surgical intervention is warranted. A healthy 38-year-old male