cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring multiple dimensions of religion and spirituality for health research: Conceptual background and findings from the 1998 General Social Survey

Progress in studying the relationship between religion and health has been hampered by the absence of an adequate measure of religiousness and spirituality. This article reports on the conceptual and empirical development of an instrument to measure religiousness and spirituality, intended explicitly for studies of health. It is multidimensional to allow investigation of multiple possible mechanisms of effect, brief enough to be included in clinical or epidemiological surveys, inclusive of both traditional religiousness and noninstitutionally based spirituality, and appropriate for diverse Judeo-Christian populations. The measure may be particularly useful for studies of health in elderly populations in which religious involvement is higher. The measure was tested in the nationally representative 1998 General Social Survey (N = 1,445). Nine dimensions have indices with moderate-to-good internal consistency, and there are three single-item domains. Analysis by age and sex shows that elderly respondents rep...
A Reconfigurable ADC Circuit with Online-Testing Capability and Enhanced Fault Tolerance

This paper investigates techniques to minimize process-variation induced performance degradation in pipeline ADCs via circuit reconfiguration. By taking advantage of the modularity existing in pipeline ADC circuits, this work introduces a configurable switch network that makes it possible to move more accurate pipeline circuits to the preceding stages along the signal processing path. The reconfiguration feature also adds online testing capabilities and enhances fault-tolerance of pipeline ADCs. An implementation of reconfigurable 10-bit 1.5-bit per stage pipeline ADC circuit is presented. Circuit simulation shows both improved circuit performance and fault tolerance are achieved by circuit reconfiguration.
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α (Not T Helper Type 2 Cytokines) Is Associated with Severe Forms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis

It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is related to the development of T helper (Th) type 2 cytokine responses. The presence of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were assessed by ELISA in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with RSV infection. Infants with mild bronchiolitis had increased Th1 cytokines and reduced Th2 cytokines, compared with infants with upper respiratory tract illness alone. Severe bronchiolitis was characterized by a more balanced Th1-Th2 response that did not differ from that of infants with upper respiratory tract illness alone. In contrast, MIP-1alpha was markedly increased in infants with severe bronchiolitis. MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 levels also were inversely related to oxygen saturation (P<.005). Thus, the severity of RSV bronchiolitis appears to be related more to chemokine release than to Th2 cytokine production.
Failure Prediction Based on Multi-Scale Frequent Anomalous Behavior Identification in Support of Autonomic Networks

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that extracts frequent anomalous behaviors based on multi-scale trend analysis of individual network parameters. The proposed Frequent Anomalous Behavior Mining (FABM) algorithm utilizes multiple levels of time-scale analysis to reveal the frequent anomalous behaviors. This makes the proposed algorithm robust to unreliable, redundant, incomplete and contradictory information. FABM is simple, has low order polynomial computational complexity of O(n2), the patterns identified by FABM require space complexity of O(n) to be stored in the knowledge base of the prediction engine, provides quick and accurate response and can be easily adapted to a distributed environment. Moreover, the empirical results gathered show that using FABM an efficient prediction engine can be realized with high true positive and true negative rates.
Object Detection by 3D Aspectlets and Occlusion Reasoning

We propose a novel framework for detecting multiple objects from a single image and reasoning about occlusions between objects. We address this problem from a 3D perspective in order to handle various occlusion patterns which can take place between objects. We introduce the concept of ``3D aspect lets'' based on a piecewise planar object representation. A 3D aspect let represents a portion of the object which provides evidence for partial observation of the object. A new probabilistic model (which we called spatial layout model) is proposed to combine the bottom-up evidence from 3D aspect lets and the top-down occlusion reasoning to help object detection. Experiments are conducted on two new challenging datasets with various degrees of occlusions to demonstrate that, by contextualizing objects in their 3D geometric configuration with respect to the observer, our method is able to obtain competitive detection results even in the presence of severe occlusions. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of the model to estimate the locations of objects in 3D and predict the occlusion order between objects in images.
A higher-order LQ decomposition for separable covariance models

Abstract We develop a higher-order generalization of the LQ decomposition and show that this decomposition plays an important role in likelihood-based estimation and testing for separable, or Kronecker structured, covariance models, such as the multilinear normal model. This role is analogous to that of the LQ decomposition in likelihood inference for the multivariate normal model. Additionally, this higher-order LQ decomposition can be used to construct an alternative version of the popular higher-order singular value decomposition for tensor-valued data. We also develop a novel generalization of the polar decomposition to tensor-valued data.
Barriers to Patient-Clinician Collaboration in Asthma Management: The Patient Experience

Objective. To describe what adult patients with asthma report about their experiences with their own self-management behavior and working with their clinicians to control asthma. Methods. The study sample consisted of 104 patients with persistent asthma participating in a clinical trial on asthma monitoring. All subjects were seen by primary care clinicians of a large, academic medical center. This qualitative post hoc analysis examined the views of adults with asthma about their asthma-related health care. Patients attended monthly visits as part of their study participation, during which data were derived from semistructured interviews. All patients included in this analysis participated in the study for 1 year. At the end of study participation, patients were asked to complete an evaluation of their clinician's communication behavior. All study clinicians were also asked to complete a self-evaluation of their own communication behavior. Results. Five major themes of barriers to successful self-manageme...
Theory and factorization for a class of structurally regular biorthogonal filter banks

Regularity is a fundamental and desirable property of wavelets and perfect reconstruction filter banks (PRFBs). Among others, it dictates the smoothness of the wavelet basis and the rate of decay of the wavelet coefficients. This paper considers how regularity of a desired degree can be structurally imposed onto biorthogonal filter banks (BOFBs) so that they can be designed with exact regularity and fast convergence via unconstrained optimization. The considered design space is a useful class of M-channel causal finite-impulse response (FIR) BOFBs (having anticausal FIR inverses) that are characterized by the dyadic-based structure W(z)=I-UV/sup /spl dagger//+z/sup -1/UV/sup /spl dagger// for which U and V are M/spl times//spl gamma/ parameter matrices satisfying V/sup /spl dagger//U=I/sub /spl gamma//, 1/spl les//spl gamma//spl les/M, for any M/spl ges/2. Structural conditions for regularity are derived, where the Householder transform is found convenient. As a special case, a class of regular linear-phase BOFBs is considered by further imposing linear phase (LP) on the dyadic-based structure. In this way, an alternative and simplified parameterization of the biorthogonal linear-phase filter banks (GLBTs) is obtained, and the general theory of structural regularity is shown to simplify significantly. Regular BOFBs are designed according to the proposed theory and are evaluated using a transform-based image codec. They are found to provide better objective performance and improved perceptual quality of the decompressed images. Specifically, the blocking artifacts are reduced, and texture details are better preserved. For fingerprint images, the proposed biorthogonal transform codec outperforms the FBI scheme by 1-1.6 dB in PSNR.
Regulation of double-strand break-induced mammalian homologous recombination by UBL1, a RAD51-interacting protein

Mammalian RAD51 protein plays essential roles in DNA homologous recombination, DNA repair and cell proliferation. RAD51 activities are regulated by its associated proteins. It was previously reported that a ubiquitin-like protein, UBL1, associates with RAD51 in the yeast two-hybrid system. One function of UBL1 is to covalently conjugate with target proteins and thus modify their function. In the present study we found that non-conjugated UBL1 forms a complex with RAD51 and RAD52 proteins in human cells. Overexpression of UBL1 down-regulates DNA double-strand break-induced homologous recombination in CHO cells and reduces cellular resistance to ionizing radiation in HT1080 cells. With or without overexpressed UBL1, most homologous recombination products arise by gene conversion. However, overexpression of UBL1 reduces the fraction of bidirectional gene conversion tracts. Overexpression of a mutant UBL1 that is incapable of being conjugated retains the ability to inhibit homologous recombination. These results suggest a regulatory role for UBL1 in homologous recombination.
Transduction of the thyroid hormone signal on cell proliferation in human glioblastoma cells in vitro. Distinctions between L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine and requirement for proliferation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

C177 Acting nongenomically via a hormone receptor on integrin alphaVbeta3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; ERK1/2), thyroid hormone (L-thyroxine [T4] and 3,5,3’-triiodo-L-thyronine [T3]) is a proliferative factor for tumor cells in vitro and in tumor cell xenografts. T3 can also nongenomically activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K), the downstream consequences of which are specific gene transcription or activation of Na, K-ATPase. We have compared T4 and T3 for their abilities to activate PI 3-K and the possibility that PI 3-K, like MAPK, can mediate the proliferative effect of thyroid hormone in vitro on a human glioblastoma cell line, UM 87. We confirmed that physiological concentrations of T4 and supraphysiological concentrations of T3 activated ERK1/2, but found that T3, and not T4, activated PI 3-K in UM 87 cells. T3 and T4 both increased proliferation of UM 87 cells. A pharmacological inhibitor of PI 3-K, LY294002, blocked the activation of MAPK by T3, but not by T4. These results indicate that PI 3-K is upstream of T3-induced MAPK and is not relevant to T4 action. The hormone receptor domain on the integrin is at the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition site on the protein. RGD peptide has previously been shown to inhibit the proliferative actions of thyroid hormone (T4, T3) and in the present studies blocked the effect of T3 on PI 3-K, but interestingly did not inhibit the action of T3 on MAPK. Thus, thyroid hormone can nongenomically activate the MAPK and PI 3-K signal transduction pathways in UM 87 cells. While T4 and T3 both activate MAPK, only T3 can stimulate PI 3-K via the integrin receptor. MAPK, alone, mediates the proliferative effects of T4 and T3 on glial tumor cells, indicating the discreteness of the MAPK and PI 3-K pathways in control of cell division in thyroid hormone-treated tumor cells and redundancy of pathways to MAPK activation. Blockade of the integrin receptor inhibits tumor cell proliferation, but will not affect the actions of T3 on PI 3-K and consequent specific gene transcription.
Modification of Sodium Release Using Porous Corn Starch and Lipoproteic Matrix

Excessive sodium consumption can result in hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, and kidney diseases. Various chips and extruded snacks, where salt is mainly applied on the product surface, accounted for almost 56% of snacks retail sales in 2010. Hence, it is important to target sodium reduction for those snack products. Past studies had shown that modifying the rate-release mechanism of sodium is a promising strategy for sodium reduction in the food industry. Encapsulation of salt can be a possible technique to control sodium release rate. Porous corn starch (PCS), created by enzymatic treatment and spray drying and lipoproteic matrix, created by gelation and freeze drying, were evaluated as carriers for controlled sodium release targeting topically applied salts. Both carriers encapsulated salt and their in vitro sodium release profiles were measured using a conductivity meter. The sodium release profiles of PCS treated with different enzymatic reaction times were not significantly different. Protein content and fat content altered sodium release profile from the lipoproteic matrix. The SEM images of PCS showed that most of the salt crystals coated the starch instead of being encapsulated in the pores while the SEM images and computed tomography scan of lipoproteic matrix showed salt dispersed throughout the matrix. Hence, PCS was found to have limitations as a sodium carrier as it could not effectively encapsulate salt inside its pores. The lipoproteic matrix was found to have a potential as a sodium carrier as it could effectively encapsulate salt and modify the sodium release profile.
Transition-Metal Mixing and Redox Potentials in Lix(M1-yM′y)PO4 (M, M′ = Mn, Fe, Ni) Olivine Materials from First-Principles Calculations

The performance of olivine cathode materials can be improved using core/shell structures such as LiMnPO4/LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4/LiNiPO4. We use density functional theory to calculate the energetics, phase stability, and voltages of transition-metal mixing for a series of olivine phosphate materials. For LiMn1–yFeyPO4, LiFe1–yNiyPO4, and LiMn1–yNiyPO4, we find phase-separating tendencies with (mean-field) maximum miscibility gap temperatures of 120, 320, and 760 K respectively. At room temperature, we find that Mn is completely miscible in LiFePO4, whereas Mn solubility in LiNiPO4 is just 0.3%. Therefore, we suggest that core/shell LiMnPO4/LiNiPO4 particles could be more effective at containing Mn in the particle core and limiting Mn dissolution into the electrolyte relative to LiMnPO4/LiFePO4 particles. We calculate shifts in redox potentials for dilute transition metals, M, substituted into LixM′PO4 host materials. Unmixed LixMnPO4 exhibits a redox potential of 4.0 V, but we find that dilute Mn in a LiNiPO4...
Experiencing Multiconsciousness: A Feminist Model for Therapy

Our work as feminist family therapists has been strongly influenced by Harris' (1991) ideas related to multiple consciousness. In attempting to help clients see the complexity of their identity and their relationships, we have integrated a model using feminist ideas and themes, the metaphor of “parts” (Schwartz, 1992), and Narrative therapy techniques (White & Epston, 1990). In this model, the therapist's goals are to help clients examine the societal and familial influences on the different “parts” of their identities, to empower clients to reconstruct and expand their identities, and to encourage them to develop a strong sense of who they are and who they want to be in relation to others. Case examples with individuals and a couple are provided to illustrate the model.
Evidence for a Common Hapten associated with Endotoxin Fractions of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae.

SummarySera from rabbits immunized at 3 different laboratories with E. coli 014 antigens prepared from boiled whole cultures or with Boivin type extracts agglutinate human and sheep erythrocytes coated with lipopoly-saccharides or crude 0 antigen type preparations from a wide variety of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae but do not produce heterologous bacterial agglutination or precipitin formation. Inhibition and absorption studies suggest that the observed phenomena are due to a hapten associated, but not necessarily identical, with the crude endotoxin moiety of Enterobacteriaceae which is so structured in E. coli 014 as to be able to induce antibody formation.
Hamartin and tuberin interaction with the G2/M cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1 and its regulatory cyclins A and B.

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a multi-system disorder characterized by hamartomatous tumors and abnormal brain development, with multiple foci of disrupted neuronal migration and giant dysmorphic neurons within cortical tubers. TSC is associated with mutations in 2 genes, TSC1 and TSC2 , which encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively. The functions of these proteins have yet to be determined. Recently, the Drosophila homologue of TSC2 , gigas , has been shown to be required for the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. However, the mechanism of this action remains unknown. Because the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1 forms a complex with cyclin B1 to trigger the G2/M transition, we hypothesized that tuberin interacts with CDK1 to regulate its activity. In the study reported in this paper, we have used co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy to demonstrate that tuberin interacts with and co-localizes with CDK1 and its binding partner cyclin B1 in multiple cell types. We also demonstrate that hamartin interacts with CDK1 and cyclin B1. We further present evidence that tuberin interacts with the other regulatory subunit of CDK1, cyclin A. These findings suggest a direct role for tuberin and hamartin in modulating the activity of CDK1 during G2 and the G2/M transition. This is the first description of a role for both tuberin and hamartin in a common cellular function, providing a potential mechanism for the identical clinicopathologic manifestations that result when either of these proteins are inactivated.
An investigation on stressing and breakage response of a prestressing strand using an efficient finite element model

Abstract The mechanical response of a wire strand is inherently complex because the helical wires undergo evolving stress and contact conditions as the strand is loaded. Further complications are added to the strand behavior if one or more of the wires break due to strand degradation over time. Although a detailed investigation on strand behavior is critically important for predicting the capacity of a broken strand as well as developing new monitoring approaches for wire break detection, there is little study available in the literature on wire breakage in a stressed strand. This paper provides an extensive investigation on stressing and post-breakage dynamic behavior of a prestressing strand. A finite element model is generally useful to study the global strand response, along with many localized phenomena that have strong influence on its performance, but are difficult to capture either experimentally or through closed-form analytical models. Investigations on certain behaviors, such as wire breaks, however, require a relatively large or even a full-scale model to adequately develop contact and frictional conditions. Moreover, such a sizeable model can account for any deviation points and may avoid edge effects. Consequently, several finite element parameters, such as the load ramp profile and duration, effects of damping and interwire friction, become critical for an accurate and efficient model. This paper first presents the use of a parametrized model to study strand behavior and evaluates the effects of these modeling parameters on strand response; load distribution and redistribution among the wires at the onset of interwire motion are also considered. The model is then used to simulate wire breakage in a prestressing strand, so that various aspects of post-breakage response can be examined. Numerical results show that a linear load ramp or stressing too quickly may lead to an inaccurate axial tension developed in the strand, whereas the inclusion of nominal mass-based damping has been found effective in achieving a quasi-static solution at a reasonable computational cost. In addition, the wire break simulation results indicate that breakage of an outer wire results in greater prestress loss than breakage of the center wire, which might have important implications for non-destructive wire breakage detection.
Health-Care Policy

In this chapter, the problems that face attempts to develop a health-care delivery system in the United States will be identified, the moral issues will be discussed, statistics regarding the financing of U.S. health-care examined, and implications of the “R” word—rationing—will be considered.
Acute Resuscitation of the Patient with Head and Spinal Cord Injuries

The major immediate goal in the treatment of a patient with central nervous system injuries is to prevent secondary injuries resulting from hypotension, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, intracranial hypertension, infection, and unnecessary motion of an unstable spinal column. This combined with application of the fundamentals of trauma resuscitation should achieve optimal results.
Learning objectives for weaving evolutionary thinking into medical education.

Basic science is integral to medical education because it teaches future physicians the fundamental principles of biology they need to become lifelong learners and keep up with expanding medical knowledge. One of these fundamental principles is evolution, which has many practical applications in medicine. Consequently, there is increasing interest in integrating evolutionary biology into medical education. To realize this goal, educators should focus on practical aspects of how knowledge of evolution improves a physician’s ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. This perspective should be woven throughout the curriculum, so evolution comes to be seen as a broadly relevant concept rather than a distinct and peripheral discipline. In particular, we suggest that three general learning objectives be integrated broadly into medical education. First, medical students should be able to apply knowledge of human evolutionary history to explain how genetic variation within and among human populations affects risk, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Second, students should understand how evolution has led to variation within and between pathogen populations (and tumors), affecting diagnosis and treatment. Third, students should understand how analytical tools from evolutionary genetics are used to determine patient ancestry, disease risk, and pathogen origins. We provide multiple specific topics, case studies, and learning activities within each of these three objectives. The evolutionary medicine learning objectives listed here meet multiple competencies and objectives outlined in the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)/Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) 2009 report on the Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians.
Achieving high coverage for floating-point code via unconstrained programming

Achieving high code coverage is essential in testing, which gives us confidence in code quality. Testing floating-point code usually requires painstaking efforts in handling floating-point constraints, e.g., in symbolic execution. This paper turns the challenge of testing floating-point code into the opportunity of applying unconstrained programming --- the mathematical solution for calculating function minimum points over the entire search space. Our core insight is to derive a representing function from the floating-point program, any of whose minimum points is a test input guaranteed to exercise a new branch of the tested program. This guarantee allows us to achieve high coverage of the floating-point program by repeatedly minimizing the representing function. We have realized this approach in a tool called CoverMe and conducted an extensive evaluation of it on Sun's C math library. Our evaluation results show that CoverMe achieves, on average, 90.8% branch coverage in 6.9 seconds, drastically outperforming our compared tools: (1) Random testing, (2) AFL, a highly optimized, robust fuzzer released by Google, and (3) Austin, a state-of-the-art coverage-based testing tool designed to support floating-point code.
Inside the Image and the Word: the Re/membering of Indigenous Identities

By appropriating the power of writing of the phonetic Latin alphabet and recent visual technology, new generations of indigenous people from the Americas have been able to articulate and reinforce their own sense of identity from “within” their cultural constructs. In so doing, they have been shaping new narratives of indigenous adaptation and survival based on native ontologies and epistemologies that critically decolonize the homogenizing forces of national and global rhetoric. I argue that the texts under examination put forward ways to conceive and to know individual and communal identity that cannot be understood outside specific, ancient notions of territoriality and re/membering.
Considering experimental and observational evidence of priming together, syntax doesn't look so autonomous.

We agree with Branigan & Pickering (B&P) that structural priming experiments should supplant grammaticality judgments for testing linguistic representation. However, B&P overlook a vast (corpus-)linguistic literature that converges with - but extends - the experimental findings. B&P conclude that syntax is functionally independent of the lexicon. We argue that a broader approach to priming reveals cracks in the facade of syntactic autonomy.
Does Advancing Technology Improve Outcomes? Comparison of the Da Vinci Standard/S/Si to the Xi Robotic Platforms During Robotic Nephroureterectomy

Abstract Introduction: With the introduction of laparoscopy and now robotics, more patients are able to reap benefit from minimally invasive techniques during urologic surgery. With these advancing...
LMX1B-Associated Nephropathy With Type III Collagen Deposition in the Glomerular and Tubular Basement Membranes.

Variants in the LMX1B gene cause nail-patella syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysplasia of nails, patella and elbow abnormalities, iliac "horns," and glaucoma. We describe an adult man with nephrotic syndrome and no systemic manifestations of nail-patella syndrome at the time of his initial kidney biopsy. His kidney biopsy was initially interpreted as a form of segmental sclerosis with unusual fibrillar deposits. At the time of consideration for kidney transplantation, a family history was notable for end-stage renal disease in 3 generations. Subsequent reanalysis of the initial biopsy showed infiltration of the lamina densa by type III collagen fibrils, and molecular studies identified a pathogenic variant in one allele of LMX1B (a guanine to adenine substitution at nucleoide 737 of the coding sequence [c.737G>A], predicted to result in an arginine to glutamine substitution at amino acid 246 [p.Arg246Gln]). This variant has been described previously in multiple unrelated families who presented with autosomal dominant nephropathy without nail and patellar abnormalities.
The Capacity of Private Information Retrieval with Disjoint Colluding Sets

An extension of private information retrieval (PIR) with colluding servers is considered. The &#x1D4A9; servers are partitioned into ℳ disjoint sets, such that collusion can only occur between servers that belong to the same set. Specifically, the &#x1D4C2;-{th} set is comprised of $N_m$ servers, of which any $T_m$ can collude. The capacity of this PIR problem is shown to be $C=\left(1+\left(\sum_{m=1}^M\frac{N_m} {T_m}\right)^{-1}+\dots+\left(\sum_{m=1}^M\frac{N_m}{T_m}\right)^{- (K-1)}\right)^{-1}$.
How to Code Written Language Samples for SALT Analysis

Instructions are provided for gathering, transcribing, coding, analyzing, and interpreting written language story probes using computer-assisted analysis with System Analysis of Language Transcript...
Quick discovery of mobile devices in the many-user regime — carrier sensing or simultaneous detection?

We consider the problem of detecting the active wireless stations among a very large population. This problem is highly relevant in applications involving passive and active RFID tags and dense IoT settings. The state of the art mainly utilizes interference avoiding (e.g., CSMA-based) approaches with the objective of identifying one station at a time. We first derive basic limits of the achievable delay with interference avoiding paradigm. Then, we consider the setting in which each station is assigned a signature sequence, picked at random from a specific alphabet and active stations transmit their signatures simultaneously upon activation. The challenge at the detector is to detect all active stations from the combined signature signal with low probability of misdetection and false positives. We show that, such an interference embracing approach can substantially reduce the detection delay, at an arbitrarily low probability of both types of detection errors, as the number of stations scale. We show that, under a randomized activation model the collision embracing detection scheme achieves Θ(log2(n)/log(log(n))) delay while the expected delay of existing CSMA schemes are Ω(log2(n)) for a population of n stations. Finally, we discuss large-scale implementation issues such as the design of low-complexity detection schemes and present numerical investigations.
Efficacy of the urea dilution technique in estimating empty body composition of pigs weighing 50 kilograms

The efficacy of the urea dilution technique in estimating the empty body composition of pigs weighing 50 kg was evaluated in three trials using 17 contemporary (Large White X Landrace X Hampshire X Duroc) and 8 Nebraska Gene Pool X contemporary pigs. Blood samples were collected via ear catheter before infusion (-60, -30 and 0 min) and at various times (3 to 90 min) after urea infusion (2.16 mmol/kg live BW), and analyzed for plasma urea. Backfat thickness of live pigs from the contemporary line was measured ultrasonically. Pigs then were killed by euthanasic injection, and total bodies (with gastrointestinal contents removed) were analyzed for water, protein and fat. In Trials 1 and 2, there were linear relationships (P less than .001) between chemically determined body water and fat and between body water and protein. Urea space was related (P less than .05) to empty body components with few exceptions, but regression coefficients for urea space in Trial 3 were different from those of Trials 1 and 2. Inclusion of additional independent variables with urea space improved estimation of empty body components. Although backfat alone did not estimate empty body components (except fat) as well as urea space alone, the addition of other common independent variables resulted in better estimates using backfat than urea space. The results of this experiment indicate that the urea dilution technique can be used to estimate the body composition of growing pigs. However, the accuracy obtained depended on the population of pigs being investigated and was no greater than the accuracy with appropriate equations based on backfat.
Nutrient Cycles in Antarctic Marine Ecosystems

Studies of mineral cycling in the marine environment can be very informative in regard to understanding food web dynamics and general functioning of the ecosystem. Although emphasis is placed on the essential macro-and micro-elements, other mineral elements are also valuable tracers for various processes involving chemical transformations. Most chemical elements show a unique distribution pattern in the water column which reflects their biological and chemical reactivities and the rates at which they are resolubilized. Antarctic waters can be visualized as a giant chemostat, with nutrient rich water upwelling at the Divergence at high latitudes and the water ultimately downwelling at the Polar Front or the Sub-Tropical Convergence. In comparison with other major up-welling areas of the world, one would expect to find almost complete stripping of plant nutrients with time in the upper 50–100 m due to growth of phytoplankton. This condition of nutrient depletion would also be suggested by abundant data on rates of primary production in all sections of the Southern Ocean. Nitrate and phosphate, however, show only slight decreases in concentration in sections from close to the continent to close to the Sub-Tropical Convergence. This apparent contradiction has been explained by recent data which show that N is re-cycled 6–7 times in the euphotic zone before it settles out to deeper water as particulate organic N. These findings have focused attention on the nature of the food web which results in such very high rates of nutrient re-cycling in surface waters. Microbial populations seem to be the dominant organisms responsible for these transformations. With the exception of studies dealing with the distribution of silicon and related elements in the water column and sediments, little attention has been paid to questions of mineral cycling in Antarctic waters. Our understanding of the interaction between biological-physical-geochemical processes in the Antarctic is thus meagre in comparison with temperate and tropical waters.
On the effects of temperature on the strength of H2SO4-doped ice single crystals

Previously, it was shown that the reduction in peak stress of single crystal ice at -20°C due to H 2 SO 4 , Δσ, could be described by Δσ = KC 1/2 , where C is the sulfuric acid concentration and k is a constant. Here we show that the strength reduction due to H 2 SO 4 is more general and that the reduction is greater as the temperature decreases. Δσ was again found to be proportional to C 1/2 at -10°C, but K at -10°C was significantly less than at -20°C.
Induction of a Transient Chemically Induced Lameness in the Sow. Detection Using Live Scoring and the GAITFour Sensor System

There are no approved drug treatments for analgesia use in lame swine, and the identification and validation of robust, repeatable pain measurements is fundamental for the development of effective analgesic drug regimens and management strategies for use in lame pigs. Induction of lameness allows for controlled evaluation of lameness pain in animals because pre- and post lameness measurements can be taken from the same animal, thereby reducing the confounding effects of individual differences. The objective of this study was to determine if a transient clinical lameness could be produced in sows using a distal interphalangeal joint space injection of Amphotericin B. Six clinically normal crossbred sows weighing approximately 171 kg were purchased from a commercial producer in Iowa and housed in individual pens at Iowa State University. Sows were randomly allotted to one of three treatments, two sows received 1 ml sterile saline control (CO), two sows received 10 mg amphotericin B in a 1 ml volume (LO) and two sows received 15 mg amphotericin B in a 1ml volume (HI). Sows were assessed for lameness while walking and standing based on a five point and data was collected using a GAITFour® gait analysis walkway system. Data will be presented descriptively. All sows were scored as 0 at the onset of the trial for lameness. At 24 h post injection, the average lameness scores were 2.75, 2.00, and 0.50 for the HI, LO and CO sows respectively. The CO sows’ average returned to 0 at 72 h post injection, HI sows’ average returned to 0 at 144 h, and LO sows’ average score returned to 0 at 192 h post injection. On the GAITFour system, the total number of sensors activated (SEN) decreased for the amphotericin treated feet suggesting a smaller footprint and pressure was shifted to the non-treated foot at 48 h post injection. These changes resolved by 144 h post injection. It was demonstrated using this “proof of concept” pilot study that injection of 10 or 15 mg of amphotericin B in the distal interphalangeal joint of the medial claw of the rear foot causes clinical lameness in sows that is distinguishable from their pre-treatment gait by observational lameness score, and objective GAITFour measurement. Additionally, this lameness spontaneously resolved in this study by 192 h post injection.
Sudden Bilateral Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Vertigo as Presenting Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Objectives:The objective was to describe a unique case of sudden bilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo presenting as the first symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Methods:A patient c...
History of Childhood Abuse and Risk for Cervical Cancer Among Women in Low-Income Areas.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pathways through which childhood abuse increases the risk of cervical cancer, including smoking, stress, risky sexual behavior, and not ha...
Economic evaluation of transplant robots for plant cuttings.

Abstract Transplanting of unrooted plant cuttings to produce rooted liner trays is a manufacturing process that requires considerable manual labor. However, increasing labor cost and reduced labor availability has increased interest in automation. The objective was to evaluate return on investment of transplanting robots, and identify key factors that businesses should consider when purchasing a transplanting robot. Data on labor costs, cuttings transplanted, and costs of automated transplanting were surveyed at six greenhouse firms. The resulting average scenario assumed an annual labor cost of $408,377 to manually transplant 29.3 million (M) cuttings at $12.49 per hour, resulting in a cost of $0.014 per cutting. An investment of $125,000 in one transplant robot operated for up to 76 h per week (2 shifts) had an annualized cost of $70,270 ($6,250 cost of ownership and $64,020 labor cost for robot operators). The robot could transplant 7.2 M cuttings per year (25% of the total), at an average cost of $0.010 per cutting compared with $0.014 for manual transplanting. With these assumptions, over 10 years the transplant robot would yield an annual cash flow saving of $29,891 a Net Present Value (NPV) of $105,807 and a discounted payback period of 4.8 years. Each transplant robot would reduce labor requirements during the peak week by two full time equivalent workers (3% of total workforce). Sensitivity analysis showed investment in automatic transplanting was increasingly profitable with a high local wage, and low manual labor efficiency (few cuttings per workers). There were economies of scale when more than one robot was used. Greater efficiency resulted from increasing hours of robot operation during the peak period, and in operations where cuttings were transplanted throughout the year. Results can be used to evaluate the impact of automation on labor cost and availability for the transplant process.
PrivStream: Differentially Private Event Detection on Data Streams

Event monitoring and detection in real-time systems is crucial. Protecting users' data while reporting an event in almost real-time will increase the level of this challenge. In this work, we adopt the strong notion of differential privacy to private stream counting for event detection with the aim of minimizing false positive and false negative rates as our utility metrics.
Downregulation of survivin expression by SN-38 is preceded by altered expression of regulatory factors of the NF-kappa-B (NFkB) transcription complex

5374 Irinotecan (CPT-11) interacts synergistically with a wide variety of anticancer agents, including thymidylate synthetase inhibitors, taxane derivatives, platinum compounds and anthracyclines, as well as immunotherapeutic agents. The wide variety of known mechanisms of action of these synergistic agents and the schedule-dependency of synergy suggest that synergistic interactions with CPT-11 are associated with a CPT-11-induced change in a general cellular process, such as the apoptotic response. Study of time kinetic changes in expression of apoptosis-associated genes studied by cDNA microarray analysis in HL60 cells following two-hour in vitro exposure to 0.3 μM SN-38, the active metabolite of CPT-11, revealed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic transcriptome survivin, with a nadir at six hours. In order to determine whether survivin downregulation was related to altered transcription regulation, expression profiles of factors controlling the NFkB transcription complex, which regulates survivin expression, were studied. NFkB/Rel proteins are bound and inhibited by IkB proteins. IKK complexes phosphorylate IkB proteins, freeing NFkB/Rel complexes which translocate to the nucleus where they induce target gene expression. Following SN-38 exposure, expression of NFKB1 and NFKB2 was slightly upregulated, whereas p65/RelA expression was unchanged, profiles which likely have no effect on transcription activity. However, expression of IkB proteins was upregulated (IkB-alpha immediately, IkB-epsilon peaking at 4h) and expression of IKK-epsilon was downregulated. All expression levels returned to normal by 12 hours after SN-38 exposure. The observed time kinetic changes in expression of IkB-alpha, IkB- epsilon and IKK-epsilon, preceding the time kinetic changes in expression of survivin, suggest that SN-38-induced downregulation of survivin results from inhibition of the activity of the NFkB transcription complex. Given the importance of dysregulation of transcription factors such as NFkB in cancer, the potential identification of the NFkB transcription complex as a CPT-11 target warrants further studies to identify the consequences of CPT-11 exposure on other NFkB controlled genes.
Electron Correlation from Molecules to Materials

In the treatment of electron correlation, ab initio quantum chemical methods occupy a central role. However, when compared with the approaches used in some areas of physics, particularly with reference to strong correlation, there seems to be important differences. In this chapter, I plan to discuss the different philosophy, access where some limitations are, and suggest some ways to overcome these limitations to the mutual benefit of all aspects of electronic structure theory.
The 100 Most Cited Papers in the History of the American Surgical Association.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of the most cited publications in the history of the American Surgical Association (ASA). Summary background data The Annals of Surgery has served as the journal of record for the ASA since 1928, with a special issue each year dedicated to papers presented before the ASA Annual Meeting. Methods The top 100 most cited ASA publications in the Annals of Surgery were identified from the Scopus database and evaluated for key characteristics. Results The 100 most cited papers from the ASA were published between 1955 and 2010 with an average of 609 citations (range: 333-2304) and are included among the 322 most cited papers in the Annals of Surgery. The most common subjects of study included clinical cancer (n = 43), gastrointestinal (n = 13), cardiothoracic/vascular (n = 9), and transplant (n = 9). Ninety-three institutions were included lead by Johns Hopkins University (n = 9), University of Pittsburgh (n = 8), Memorial Sloan-Kettering (n = 7), John Wayne Cancer Institute (n = 7), University of Texas (n = 7), and 5 each from Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, and University of Chicago. The majority of manuscripts came from the United States (n = 85), followed by Canada (n = 7), Germany (n = 5), and Italy (n = 5). Study design included randomized controlled trials (n = 19), retrospective matched cohort studies (n = 11), retrospective nonmatched studies (n = 46), and other (n = 24). Conclusions The top 100 most cited publications from the ASA are highly impactful, landmark studies representing a diverse array of subject matter, investigators, study design, institutions, and countries. These influential publications have immensely advanced surgical science over the decades and should serve as inspiration for all surgeons and surgical investigators.
The Masculine Warrior: Militarized Masculinities and Gender Regimes

Accepting the notion of the military as an exclusively male institution would position any policy changes that increase the number of women who serve in the military as progressive. To dispel this, the chapter offers a brief review of women’s historical participation in the military before considering discursive mechanisms that attempt to construe the institution as all-male despite women’s service. It then broadens in scope to incorporate sexual orientation and policies related to regulating soldiers’ sexualities to showcase the heteronormative nature of the military’s gender regime. Finally, the chapter bridges the two bodies of literature that ground the overall study of the book—feminist institutionalism and feminist international relations—to examine what role processes of militarism and militarization play in enabling and maintaining the military’s gender regime of heteromale privilege.
Consumer Comfort with Vehicle Automation: Changes Over Time

Higher levels of vehicle automation are forecast as a potential mobility solution for many, but understanding consumer comfort and acceptance of selfdriving technologies remains an open question. Results from a series of surveys over three years showed a slight increase in the percentage of people comfortable with full self-driving automation in 2018, following a drop from 2016 to 2017. The recovery in comfort with higher levels of automation was most pronounced among younger adults between ages 25 and 44. However, the percentage of people only comfortable with no automation or features that activate only in certain situations such as in an emergency also increased in the past year, indicating a polarizing trend. Results from the survey also showed that acceptance of self-driving vehicles is conditional on people’s ability to drive as well as having assurance regarding the safety of the technology. Responses also point to a possible misunderstanding among the public regarding the definition and availability of full self-driving technology, indicating a need for improved messaging and consumer education.
A golden time for nanotechnology

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most versatile and accessible classes of nanomaterials. Their chemical stability, ease of colloidal synthesis, surface functionalization, and plasmonic resonance—tunable from the visible through the near-infrared—have made AuNPs the metal nanoparticle of choice for many applications. This article summarizes the chemical synthesis of AuNPs, particularly gold nanorods, with a focus on recent developments in shape control and surface modifications. Current applications using the photothermal properties of AuNPs, as well as AuNP connections to biology and the environmental sciences, will be discussed.
Dynamic modeling of heat exchanger tube rupture

One fault that occurs with heat exchangers is a tube rupture, an overpressure scenario in which high pressure fluid flows into the low pressure region. It is a serious safety concern that may lead to significant damage. Accurate prediction of the pressure build-up after a rupture is critical to determine the appropriate size of a relief device and avoid exceeding allowable pressure limits. This paper describes a model-based step-by-step methodology to predict dynamic pressure profiles during tube rupture for liquid-liquid, vapor-liquid, and flashing liquid-liquid systems. The transient effects of the relief valve are considered. The effects of choked flow must also be considered for accurate maximum pressure predictions. Using a dimensionless analysis, the pressure ratio and density ratio are shown to significantly impact the severity of this incident. Results show that vapor-liquid systems result in the highest pressure surges.