cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study of swelling-induced surface pattern formation and ordering in hydrogel films with depth-wise crosslinking gradient

Hydrogels undergo extensive three-dimensional volume changes when immersed in water, the degree of which is determined by the network chemical composition and degree of crosslinking. When the hydrogel is attached to a rigid substrate, it swells preferentially perpendicular to the substrate. This anisotropic swelling generates a compressive stress, which drives the formation of surface patterns when exceeding a critical stress value (σ ≥ σc). In order to develop an indepth understanding of the mechanism of surface pattern formation in hydrogels, we investigated the dynamic evolution of surface patterns in photocured hydrogel films from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) crosslinked with different concentrations of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, 0–3 wt%). During curing in the presence of oxygen, a modulus gradient along the film depth was generated due to oxygen inhibition of the radical polymerization near the film surface. The swelling-induced wrinkling pattern formation followed Fickian-type kinetics (λ ∼ t1/2) at early stages, which was independent of the final pattern morphology. The onset of wrinkling was found at a linear expansion of αc ≈ 1.12, which remained constant with increasing EGDMA concentration but decreased with increasing film thickness, indicating an increase in critical stress with crosslinker concentration. In contrast, the equilibrium linear expansion value, αe, decreased significantly (from 2.55 to 1.20) with increasing crosslinker concentration (from 0 to 3 wt%), resulting in transition from random patterns to highly ordered hexagonal structures.
Outcomes and Prognosis of Patients Treated by Facial Nerve Decompression via Transmastoid Approach for Traumatic Facial Paralysis

Received August 31, 2012 Revised December 13, 2012 Accepted January 6, 2013 Address for correspondence Ju Hyoung Lee, MD Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Gachon University of Medicine & Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Korea Tel +82-32-460-3324 Fax +82-32-467-9044 E-mail febent@gilhospital.com Background and ObjectivesZZThe aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes and prognosis of traumatic facial paralysis in patients treated with facial nerve decompression via transmastoid approach. Subjects and MethodZZThe authors retrospectively reviewed 20 patients who suffered from temporal bone fractures resulting in facial paralysis and received surgical facial nerve decompression treatment via transmastoid approach from 2004 to 2012. ResultsZZIn 14 patients, the House-Brackmann grade improved to 1, 2, or 3. The preoperative average House-Brackmann grade of 4.95 improved from 4.95 to the postoperative average HouseBrackmann grade of 3.15. Statistically significant improvements were found in all groups whether the operation was performed within two weeks, or from two weeks to four weeks, or after four weeks. ConclusionZZPostoperative results of facial nerve decompression in traumatic temporal bone fracture can be excellent. Surgeons can expect better outcomes with early diagnosis and lesser nerve damage. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2013;56:79-83
Optimization of the fiber/metallic glass bond in fiber-optic magnetic sensors

We present the results of measurements of the response of magnetostriction-based fiber-optic magnetometers to various methods of bonding the optical fiber to the sensing element, in this case a metallic glass ribbon. The measurements were performed using combined Michelson/Mach-Zehnder interferometers which allowed us to obtain separately and simultaneously the strain in the ribbon and the strain in the fiber. We have observed serious degradation in the magnetostriction of metallic glass ribbons bonded to fibers due to loading effects of the bonding adhesive. We present a method for reducing these effects and optimizing the sensor response.
Autogenous healing of engineered cementitious composites under wet–dry cycles

Abstract Self-healing of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) subjected to two different cyclic wetting and drying regimes was investigated in this paper. To quantify self-healing, resonant frequency measurements were conducted throughout wetting–drying cycles followed by uniaxial tensile testing of self-healing ECC specimens. Through self-healing, crack-damaged ECC recovered 76% to 100% of its initial resonant frequency value and attained a distinct rebound in stiffness. Even for specimens deliberately pre-damaged with microcracks by loading up to 3% tensile strain, the tensile strain capacity after self-healing recovered close to 100% that of virgin specimens without any preloading. Also, the effects of temperature during wetting–drying cycles led to an increase in the ultimate strength but a slight decrease in the tensile strain capacity of rehealed pre-damaged specimens. This paper describes the experimental investigations and presents the data that confirm reasonably robust autogenous healing of ECC in commonly encountered environments for many types of infrastructure.
Resource adaptive netcentric systems on active network: a self-organizing video stream that auto morphs itself while in transit via a quasi-active network

We discuss the issues that a network adaptive application faces on current network infrastructure and the role a programmable network such as the active network can play in facilitating them. We present a novel cognizant video transcoding system, which is capable of negotiating local network state based rate and let the video propagate over an extreme network with highly asymmetric link and node capacities. For core operation of rate transformation it utilizes knowledge at three levels - about the network, about the content protocol and about the content itself. As a platform the stream uses the computing power of a quasi-active network. As a result the passing video stream appears as a self-organizing stream, which automatically senses the network asymmetry and adapts itself as the packets diffuse via the active subnet. We discuss the issues of network adaptation with the exposition of this novel diffusion computing over a quasi-active network.
Targeted shRNA screening identified critical roles of pleckstrin-2 in erythropoiesis.

Differentiation of erythroblasts to mature red blood cells involves dynamic changes of the membrane and cytoskeleton networks that are not fully characterized. Using a mouse fetal liver erythroblast culture system and a targeted shRNA functional screening strategy, we identified a critical role of pleckstrin-2 in actin dynamics and protection of early stage terminal erythroblasts from oxidative damage. Knockdown of pleckstrin-2 in the early stage of terminal erythropoiesis disrupted the actin cytoskeleton and led to differentiation inhibition and apoptosis. This pro-survival and differentiation function of pleckstrin-2 was mediated through its interaction with cofilin, by preventing cofilin’s mitochondrial entry when the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species was higher in the early stage of terminal erythropoiesis. Treatment of the cells with a scavenger of reactive oxygen species rescued cofilin’s mitochondrial entry and differentiation inhibition induced by pleckstrin-2 knockdown. In contrast, pleckstrin-2 knockdown in late stage terminal erythroblasts had no effect on survival or differentiation but blocked enucleation due to disorganized actin cytoskeleton. Thus, our study identified a dual function of pleckstrin-2 in the early and late stages of terminal erythropoiesis through its regulations of actin dynamics and cofilin’s mitochondrial localization, which reflects intracellular level of reactive oxygen species in different developmental stages.
Vegetation studies of the Amazon basin using enhanced resolution Seasat scatterometer data

The Seasat-A scatterometer (SASS) was designed to measure the near-surface wind field over the ocean by inferring the wind from measurements of the surface radar backscatter. While backscatter measurements were also made over land, they have been primarily used for the calibration of the instrument. This has been due in part to the low resolution of the scatterometer measurements (nominally 50 km). In a separate paper the present authors introduced a new method for generating enhanced resolution radar measurements of the Earth's surface using spaceborne scatterometry. In the present paper, the method is used with SASS data to study vegetation classification over the extended Amazon basin using the resulting medium-scale radar images. The remarkable correlation between the Ku-band radar images and vegetation formations is explored, and the results of several successful experiments to classify the general vegetation classes using the image data are presented. The results demonstrate the utility of medium-scale radar imagery in the study of tropical vegetation and permit utilization of both historic and contemporary scatterometer data for studies of global change. Because the scatterometer provides frequent, wide-area coverage at a variety of incidence angles, it can supplement higher resolution instruments which often have narrow swaths with limited coverage and incidence angle diversity. >
Case report of malignant pulmonary parenchymal glomus tumor: imaging features and review of the literature

Glomus tumor is rare tumor which arises from glomus body and is most frequently found in the soft tissue of the extremities. The lung is a rare ectopic site, and a malignant glomus tumor arising from pulmonary parenchyma is particularly uncommon. To deepen our understanding on their imaging features, we report a case of malignant glomus tumor of pulmonary parenchyma confirmed with surgical histopathology and immunochemistry and review the medical literature on pulmonary parenchymal glomus tumors with emphasis on their imaging features.
Biosynthesis of linoleic acid from 1-C14-cis-2-octenoic acid by the laying hen.

SUMMARY A white leghorn hen was given 0.2 ma of l-C14-cis-2-octenoic acid in one 1.05-g dose, and five eggs laid subsequently were collected. Linoleic acid isolated from the eggs, both as the tetrabromide and by preparative gas-liquid chromatography, was found to be radioactive. This was proven to be octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid by characterizing the products of oxidation-caproic and azelaic acids, and 3 Cot. The caproic acid, which was isolated by gas-liquid chromatography from periodatepermanganate oxidation of the labeled linoleic acid, was found to be inactive. The carbon 11 of the linoleic acid was isolated as BaC03 after oxidation with KMnO, in acetic acid and was found to be over 4.3 times as radioactive as the active azelaic acid carbons. It was concluded that the hen synthesized octadeca9,124ienoic acid from the l-C14~is-2-octenoic acid.
Pediatric Considerations in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a technically challenging endoscopic technique that provides a minimally invasive way of evaluating and treating pathologic abnormality in the bile ducts and pancreas. Its utilization in children is increasing rapidly, broadening the understanding of its pediatric indications, clinical utility, and technical limitations. This article updates providers about specific considerations of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children as they relate to appropriate indications, patient preparation, available equipment, as well as expected technical and clinical outcomes following the procedure in pediatric populations.
Ethics Brewed in an African Pot

The following is a true story. I am a Nigerian. Coming to North Amer ica fourteen years ago, I was greeted with the following question by an American: "Would you happen to know my friend in Tanzania?" To get a picture of how daunting this question was, consider: the average travel time from Nigeria to Tanzania by air is almost the same as from New York to Los Angeles! More than two thousand miles of villages, cities, countries, desert, rivers, and tropical forest separate Lagos from Dar es Salaam. Any chance of running into my interlocutor's Tanzanian friend in the densely populated streets of Lagos seemed mathematically quite slim, if not possible except by chance. This simple story makes a point: it evokes stereotypes, generalizations, and im ages frequently associated with the idea of Africa in the Western imagination. Perhaps not unsurprisingly in the media-conditioned perception of many peo ple in the global north, Africa is a simple reality, albeit a reality riddled with complex and emergent situations of conflict, diseases, and misery. In light of this simplistic perception of Africa, a preliminary caution seems necessary: I do not speak for Africa. My experience of the continent is limited to about half a dozen countries out of fifty-three, not counting the colorful and of tentimes confusing blend of cultures, peoples, and languages that constitute the reality called Africa. My first advice to anyone trying to understand something of Africa is to rethink whatever he or she has thought about the continent. Africa is not one thing; it is a million things compressed into a vast geopolitical entity. As such, Africa lends itself to a multiplicity of meanings, interpretations, and con troversies. This dimension of cultural, political, social, geographical, and reli gious diversity should inform how we are to understand ethics and the moral
Further Classification and Methodological Considerations of Evaluations for Online Discussion in Instructional Settings.

With the rapid advancements of technology, online communication in both K-12 and post-secondary instruction has been widely implemented. Instructors as well as researchers have used various frameworks to evaluate different aspects of online discussions’ quality. The online discussions take place synchronously or asynchronously in chat rooms, boards, and blogs, often using mobile applications and usually aimed at understanding course content and concepts. The current review follows up on Spatariu, Hartley, and Bendixen’s (2004) classification that placed these frameworks in four categories based on what they were aimed at measuring (disagreement, argumentation, interaction, and content). The current review serves two main purposes. First, newer frameworks are categorized and described while addressing methodological considerations. Second, conclusions and recommendations for future research and instructional applications of online discussion evaluation are made.
Rodrigo's Second Chronicle: The Economics and Politics of Race

Dialogue discussing the economic marketplace's ability to eliminate racism and posing whether nonracist businesses might outcompete those that discriminate, gradually eliminating the latter from the marketplace. The central character argues that this is unlikely to happen, because stereotypes and Western myths hold blacks and other minorities in a subordinate position.
The IRS, Politics, and Income Inequality

The IRS is in crisis. In recent years, Congress has cut its budget significantly, piled on the workload, and conducted oversight hearings that were often quite partisan. The IRS needs more funding to carry out its mission. For that, it needs Congressional support. Unfortunately, bashing the IRS generally scores political points, while supporting tax collectors does not. However, research suggests that inadequate enforcement of a progressive tax system may actually increase income inequality. Accordingly, Congressional supporters of progressive taxation should use the fight against rising income inequality as a rhetorical tool to help the IRS receive more balanced treatment.
The disinfectant action of glycerol in varying concentrations

Previous studies of the disinfectant action of glycerol have for the most part been conducted in relation to its supposed destructive action on invading organisms in vaccine virus. M. J. Rosenau made an exhaustive investigation of the subject in 1903 and concluded that “Glycerol has distinct but very feeble germicidal and antiseptic properties.” F. R. Blaxall reported a similar study in 1902-3. his work including only one concentration of glycerol, 50 per cent. More recently G. Mathers and G. H. Weaver have noted the remarkable viability (14 to 30 days) of various micrococci and streptococci in 50 per cent. glycerol suspension, and the persistence of the organisms for 90 days on blood agar lightly covered with 50 per cent. glycerol.Our own work was undertaken in connection with the study of the specific effects of salt solutions upon the permeability of bacterial cells, and in connection with this investigation the effect of glycerol in concentrations varying from 9.2 per cent. to 100 per cent. has been d...
Abstract 2208: JNK2 regulates thehif-1αmRNA stability in a nucleolin-dependent manner

HIF-1α mRNA is regarded as constitutively and ubiquitously expressed no matter the level of oxygen tension. But most recently, more and more labs found that HIF-1α mRNA could be regulated by natural antisense transcripts, potential microRNAs, and low O 2 pressure in the renal medulla in rats and in sea bass. In our current studies, we found that nucleolin, the classic histone chaperon, was able to physically bind to hif-1α mRNA and maintained its stability. Knocking down nucleolin by shRNA obviously reduced HIF-1α protein induction in response to nickel treatment resulting from the impaired expression of hif-1α mRNA. Both the promoter luciferase assay and mRNA degradation rate assay by ActD clearly showed that nucleolin knocking down did not change hif-1α transcription, but rather affected its mRNA stability. Further work found JNK2 could regulate nucleolin expression and subsequently affect its function in stabilizing hif-1α mRNA, by which we provided more evidence for the oncogenic role of JNK2 and nucleolin in regulating the cancer environments by controlling HIF-1α expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2208. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2208
THE ORIGIN OF LAND PLANTS: A PALEOBOTANICAL PERSPECTIVE1

Summary The discovery of numerous fossil plants in recent years, together with the application of new techniques directed at understanding the total biology of the organism, has resulted in the modification of some ideas pertaining to the origin of land plants. Several of these lines of evidence strongly suggest the presence of a diverse terrestrial flora significantly earlier than the Upper Silurian bench mark currently used for the first appearance of plants with vascular tissue. Few would disagree that the invasion of the land by aquatic plants was one of the major evolutionary events. However, when this migration took place, what groups of plants were involved, whether the land was invaded once or many times, and what factors initiated the movement to land, continue to persist as fundamental questions that are of interest to scholars in many disciplines. Biologists have speculated for a long time that land plants have their origins with some green algal group. This assumption has been based upon cell wall chemistry, quantity and quality of pigments, type of stored food, and method of reproduction. In recent years there has been considerable activity in identifying what specific groups might have been involved in land plant ancestory. This has come about through the combined efforts of numerous workers (e.g., Pickett-Heaps, 1976; Stewart and Mattox, 1975, 1978), and has involved an analysis of the biochemistry, and especially mitotic and cytokinetic ultrastructure of selected members of the green algae (Chlorophycophyta). For example, Stewart and Mattox (1975) have separated the advanced genera within the Chlorophycophyta into two probable evolutionary lines that share a common ancestor with some uniflagellate, scaly unicellular alga (Mattox and Stewart, 1977). In one of these lines (Chlorophyceae) all of the members possess a collapsing interzonal spindle at telophase associated with the formation of a phycoplast. The motile cells have anteriorly attached flagella that are anchored to four narrow microtubular roots. All produce glycolate dehydrogenase. The second line, and the one that is believed to share features with land plants, is characterized by taxa that possess glycolate oxidase and have a persistent interzonal spindle that may develop into a phragmoplast. The motile cells in these forms possess laterally attached flagella that are associated with a single broad band of closely adjacent microtubules. Included within this line (Charophyceae) as interpreted by Stewart and Mattox (1975) are four orders: Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales, and Charales. Among these it is the Charales and Coleochaetales that are regarded as the most highly evolved green algae, and that are believed to be related to the land plants.
Analysis on Sleep Quality of Nurses and Its Influencing Factors in a Grade III-A Hospital in Hunan

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of nurses and its influencing factors. Methods Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index(PSQI) scale was applied to survey the sleep quality and the influencing factors of 518 nurses in a grade III-A hospital in Hunan.The data were counted and analyzed by SPSS11.0 statistical analysis software.The total PSQI score 7 was used as the standard for evaluation. Results The total average score of sleep quality was(6.21±2.98).There were 386 nurses with satisfactory sleep quality,accounted for 74.52% of the subjects.132 nurses had sleep problems,accounted for 25.48%.The main influencing factors of sleep quality were working under great pressure,irregular work-and-rest pattern,lack of physical exercise,and poor sleeping environment,etc. Conclusions There exist some sleep problems among the surveyed nurses. It is necessary to adopt the relative measures,relieve working pressure,and improve sleep quality so as to increase the nurses' working efficiency and safety.
Surveillance of the Suspected Adverse Events Following Immunization in Hezhou from 2008 to 2011

Objective To analyze the monitoring situation of the suspected adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Hezhou during the period of 2008-2011,to evaluate the running status of AEFI surveillance system so as to provide a basis for scientifically guiding AEFI surveillance in future.Methods Epidemiological data about the suspected AEFI cases in Hezhou from 2008 to 2011 were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 121 AEFI cases were reported in Hezhou from 2008 to 2011,the ratio of male to female was 2.18:1.113 cases were reported timely,with the timely reporting rate of 93.39%.118 cases needed to be surveyed,with the investigation rate of 100.00%.Most of the patients ranged in age 1 year,accounted for 67.77%(82/121).In the classification of 121 AEFI cases,78(64.46%) cases were abnormal reaction,19(15.70%) were common vaccine reaction,17(14.05%) were coincident cases,and 4(3.31%) were inoculation accident.Most of the AEFI cases were BCG vaccine-associated adverse reactions,accounted for 46.28%(56/121).Conclusions The AEFI surveillance system in Hezhou is running normally,but it is still necessary to strengthen the management of immunization injection safety,enhance the training of technical specification of BCG vaccination,and simultaneously reinforce the surveillance on AEFI among 1-year-old children after vaccination.
Layers of the Interdisciplinary City

Chapter 1: Layers of the Interdisciplinary City works through historical attempts to provide a complex definition of the city itself — for example. Charles Baudelaire, Walter Benjamin, Louis Worth, Lewis Mumford, Jane Jacobs, David Harvey, Sharon Zukin and Saskia Sassen. This core set of ideas brings together a layered series of overlapping notions: the city as a set of physical structures, the city as a social institution, the city as a center of political and economic power, the city as a subjective experience, the city as an experienced subjectivity, the city as a temporal image, the city as a complex organism and the city as a work of art.
Introduction: The Convenient Tooth

A book about fossil teeth would have been unthinkable before 1669. Three years earlier, a group of Tuscan fishermen caught a colossal white shark. As Brian Switek tells the story in his engaging book, Written in Stone: The Hidden Secrets of Fossils and the Story of Life on Earth, that shark excited the imagination of Medici Grand Duke Ferdinando II, a great patron of the sciences (1). The shark's body was too large to transport and had begun to decompose anyway, so its head was cut off and sent to the Grand Duke, who chose his most talented resident anatomist for the privileged job of dissecting it (Figure i). Danish-born Nicolaus Steno (aka Niels Steensen) turned out to be the man for the job (1). As he poured over his dissection, Steno was struck by the uncanny similarity of the shark's teeth to what were then popular triangle-shaped stones called glossopetrae or “tongue stones” (2, 3) (Figure 1). At the time, glossopetrae were used for all sorts of purposes: as antidotes to snake venom, treatments for epilepsy, amulets, and when ground into a fine powder, as toothpastes (2, 3). Roman philosopher Pliny the Elder thought glossopetrae dropped from the sky on moonless nights (4). Inspired by his shark dissection, Steno published his own explanation in 1669. He suggested that the corpuscular theory, which held that matter was made of tiny corpuscles, could explain how shark teeth turned to stone (5). When the teeth were buried in sediments, the corpuscles of minerals gradually replaced the corpuscles that made up teeth, transforming them into stone. This explanation is not so far from our modern understanding of how fossils form. In the case of fossil teeth though, most of the original mineral remains while mineral from surrounding sediments fills in tiny pore spaces within them in the process of permineralization. That fossil teeth played such a starring role at the dawn of paleontology is no coincidence. To be sure, sharks lose a lot of teeth. But it is the fact that teeth are hard, compact, and composed of mineralized tissue that makes them prime candidates for preservation and fossilization. Indeed, most of the fossil record consists of teeth and that is also true of the human fossil record. This book is about what fossil teeth tell us about human evolution.
Biology of Bone and Cartilage

Abstract Bones are mainly composed of calcified collagenous matrix and cartilage with enclosed hematopoietic marrow and fat. Most bones are preformed in cartilage molds formed by chondroblasts during skeletal development. These molds are quickly remodeled and replaced by bone matrix formed by osteoblasts. Bone health is maintained postnatally by bone remodeling, a process in which sections of old bone are degraded by osteoclasts and later replaced by new bone. Osteoclast formation is regulated predominantly by osteoblastic cells through the osteoclastogenic cytokines, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. However, interactions between cells in both lineages positively and negatively regulate each other’s formation and functions through the effects of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors. Mutations in the genes that regulate the formation and functions of osteoblastic, osteoclastic, and chondroblastic cells result in a variety of bone phenotypes, including missing or supernumerary bones and increased or decreased bone mass, which can weaken bones and increase the risk of fracture. Here we review current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation and function of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes.
Book Review of Global Alert: The Rationality of Modern Islamist Terrorism and the Challenge to the Liberal Democratic Order by Boaz Ganor

Boaz Ganor's Global Alert: The Rationality of Modern Islamist Terrorism and the Challenge to the Liberal Democratic Order provides in its eleven brief chapters an analysis of and prescription for l...
Structure of the Transmembrane Domain of HIV‐1 Envelope Glycoprotein

HIV-1 envelope spike (Env) is a heavily glycosylated, type I membrane protein that mediates fusion of viral and cell membranes to initiate infection. It is also a primary target of neutralizing antibodies and thus an important candidate for vaccine development. We have recently reported a nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the transmembrane (TM) domain of HIV-1 Env reconstituted in a membrane-like environment. Taking HIV-1 as an example, we discuss here how a TM domain can anchor, stabilize, and modulate a viral envelope spike and how its high-resolution structure can contribute to understanding viral membrane fusion and to immunogen design.
The Stylistics of a Foreign Language: Thomas Mann’s Use of French

(1957). The Stylistics of a Foreign Language: Thomas Mann’s Use of French. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 19-34.
Analytical Mapping of Linear Walk from Infinite Virtual Space to Finite Real Space

This paper presents a framework for natural traversal of an infinite virtual path using a camera-projector augmented-reality system. In the proposed framework this problem is formulated as an optimization problem using an energy function that is based on several user-experience factors as well as topological constraints in the real and virtual space. The solution is analytically derived by minimizing the cost function with respect to the parameters of the path in the real and virtual space. The obtained optimal path has the form of a zigzag curve and is demonstrated in an interactive application for delivering stimulating slide-show presentations for on-line learning.
Patients with a first non-Q-wave myocardial infarction had more re-infarctions, more coronary insufficiency, less congestive heart failure, and similar mortality rates as patients with a first Q-wave myocardial infarction

Source Citation Berger CJ, Murabito JM, Evans JC, Anderson KM, Levy D. Prognosis after first myocardial infarction. Comparison of Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in the Framingham Heart...
Perceptions of the coordinating center: As viewed by a site visitor

The evaluation of a coordinating center by a site visitor requires understanding the nature of the tasks for the particular project being coordinated, appraisal of performance, discovery of the coordinating center's self-assessment, evaluation of the competence within the center and consideration of causes for any inadequacies present. The crux of the evaluation lies in assessing the ways in which major decisions are reached and the abilities to recognize and to utilize the expertise required for reaching sound decisions.
Novel Role for Adenosine in Circadian Rhythms and Alcohol Use Disorders

In the central nervous system, the nucleoside adenosine regulates neuronal activity by modulating the actions of other neurotransmitter systems, thereby influencing many different physiological processes and behaviors. Adenosinergic mechanisms are especially important in fine-tuning glutamatergic neurotransmission. Astrocytic release of adenosine triphosphate and its subsequent extracellular breakdown provides adenosine to drive homeostatic sleep. Acute ethanol (alcohol) exposure increases extracellular adenosine, which mediates the ataxic and hypnotic/sedative effects of alcohol, while chronic ethanol exposure leads to downregulated adenosine signaling that underlies insomnia, a major predictor of relapse. Adenosine gates glutamatergic input to the circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, modulating both photic (light-induced) and nonphotic (behaviorally-induced) synchronization of circadian activity rhythms. A recent study using mice lacking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, a well-established animal model of alcohol addiction, suggests an expanded role for adenosine in cellular and behavioral circadian timing and alcohol intake, particularly during chronodisruption.
Is Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) Valid for Hepatitis C Aviremic Kidneys

The Kidney Donor Risk Index (KDRI) and Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) assist clinicians with the selection of deceased donor kidneys. This scoring system is based on 10 donor factors including Hepatitis C virus (HCV) status from serological or NAT testing. The donor HCV status (i.e., having either a positive hepatitis C antibody (Ab) or nucleic acid testing (NAT) result) increases the hazard ratio for graft failure by 1.27 and the KDPI by approximately 20%. Whether this increase in KDPI is a true reflection of graft quality for HCV seropositive but not viremic donors is unknown. Further investigations are needed to maximize the use of these organs.
Putamen Volume Differences Among Older Adults: Depression Status, Melancholia, and Age:

Background:Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) may exhibit smaller striatal volumes reflecting deficits in the reward circuit. Deficits may change with age and be more pronounced among...
Segmented cell analyses to measure redox states of autofluorescent NAD(P)H, FAD & Trp in cancer cells by FLIM

Multiphoton FLIM microscopy offers many opportunities to investigate processes in live cells, tissue and animal model systems. For redox measurements, FLIM data is mostly published by cell mean values and intensity-based redox ratios. Our method is based entirely on FLIM parameters generated by 3-detector time domain microscopy capturing autofluorescent signals of NAD(P)H, FAD and novel FLIM-FRET application of Tryptophan and NAD(P)H-a2%/FAD-a1% redox ratio. Furthermore, image data is analyzed in segmented cells thresholded by 2 × 2 pixel Regions of Interest (ROIs) to separate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation from cytosolic glycolysis in a prostate cancer cell line. Hundreds of data points allow demonstration of heterogeneity in response to intervention, identity of cell responders to treatment, creating thereby different sub-populations. Histograms and bar charts visualize differences between cells, analyzing whole cell versus mitochondrial morphology data, all based on discrete ROIs. This assay method allows to detect subtle differences in cellular and tissue responses, suggesting an advancement over means-based analyses.
Synthesis of Vicinal Dichlorides via Activation of Aliphatic Terminal Epoxides with Triphosgene and Pyridine.

Herein we report a novel synthetic reaction to convert unactivated terminal aliphatic epoxide to alkyl vicinal dichloride based on triphosgene–pyridine activation. Our methodology is operationally simple and readily tolerated by a broad of scope of substrates as well as protecting groups. Furthermore, these mild conditions generally yield clean reaction mixtures that are free of byproducts upon aqueous workup.
Who's Serving the Homeless?:

Although responses to homelessness have increased dramatically, little attention has been paid to the service providers who work with this population. The authors present descriptive data on the ch...
Effects of Molecular Weight on Mechanical Properties of the Polyimide Larc-SI™

In order to better understand the effects of molecular weight on the performance and service life of polymeric matrix composites we designed a series of investigations on a polyimide system which was developed for possible use in the airframe industry. We wanted to determine if engineering properties depend on the molecular weight of the potential matrix material, assuming that the polymer is not cross-linked. For this study we prepared six batches of the polyimide LaRC-SI™, where each batch possessed a different molecular weight. Cross-linking was discouraged by the addition of “end caps” which attach to the ends of the molecules and renders them chemically inert.
SOPHIE: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF HAZARD EVALUATION PROCEDURES

SOPHIE (Selection Of Procedures for Hazard Identification and Evaluation) was developed at Battelle-Columbus to assists users in the chemical industry select hazard evaluation procedures. The intent of SOPHIE is to provide managers with guidance on the reasonableness of selected hazard evaluation procedures for a given situation. Managers can use this guidance to assess whether an approach to hazard evaluation implemented by their staff will have high efficiency and effectiveness or whether a reevaluation of approach is desirable. In some cases, the methods selected by an expert hazard evaluation staff may not comply with those methods suggested by the expert system. In such cases, more efficient methods may have been overlooked, or there may be particular circumstances regarding the application at hand which require a different approach. In the latter case, the manager should be made aware of these special circumstances early in the analysis. Application of the expert system, thereby assists the manager and technical staff as a quality assurance mentor for methods selection.
Well Hydraulics in Heterogeneous Porous Media

Heterogeneous porous media consisting of components of markedly different properties are commonly encountered in under-ground engineering practice. In groundwater and petroleum reservoir engineering these are, for. example, the sedimentary deposits of clay interbedded with layers-of sand, fractured formations of tight matrix rock broken up by fissures of secondary origin, or multiporous carbonate sediments such as limestones and dolomites. The mechanism of fluid flow in such heterogeneous formations is governed by distinct diffusivities along the characteristic flow paths within each component. Intercomponent interaction is provided by fluid transfer from a component of low diffusivity (with a resulting slow response to pressure changes) to a component of high diffusivity (correspondingly rapid response to pressure changes). This crossflow enhances the flow through one component of the medium while depleting the other until the transient flow interaction achieves a quasi-steady state and the medium behaves as an equivalent uniform system with composite properties. In naturally fractured reservoirs, for example, fractures serve as high permeability conduits that transmit fluids to a well, while contributing very little to the original reservoir porosity (or storage.) Hence, the high diffusivity of a fracture results in a short, almost instantaneous, response along the fracture to any pressure change such as that due to well production. The rock matrix, on the contrary, has a low permeability but relatively high primary porosity that contains the fluid. The low matrix diffusivity results in a ‘delayed’ matrix response to pressure changes that occur in the surrounding fractures. Such nonconcurrent response causes an intercomponent pressure depletion that induces matrix-to-fracture crossflow. The flow to a well, now enhanced by a time-variant crossflow, is no longer radial. As time progresses, the matrix blocks near the well deplete to pressure equilibrium with the fractures.
Bayesian Belief Network Modeling and Diagnosis of Xerographic Systems

1 Graduate student 2 Assistant Professor and corresponding author ABSTRACT In this paper, a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) approach to the modeling and diagnosis of xerographic printing systems is proposed. First, a continuous BBN model based on physics of the printing process and field data is developed. The model captures the causal relationships between the various physical variables in the system using conditional probability distributions. Next, the continuous BBN is discretized based on the principle of maximum entropy so that it can be implemented on commercially available software, Hugin. The resulting BBN can be used for the prediction of print quality behaviors, as well as for inference and fault diagnosis. Examples of network deduction and inference are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the BBN model.
Evolution of Near-Surface Elemental Composition Profile and Its Effect on Thermal Diffusivity

In a series of recent experiments, utilizing the method of time resolved spectroscopy of laser-produced plasma (LPP) plumes from specimen surfaces, the near-surface elemental composition profiles were observed to be nonuniform and significantly different from the respective bulk composition. A new study of three alloy systems is reported, with a view toward establishing the causal relationship between the near-surface elemental composition profile of a specimen and its thermophysical properties in general and thermal diffusivity in particular. The systems in question are as follows: two-element Nichrome ribbon; four-element magnetic Mumetal foil; and four-element Wood's alloy. The method of LPP plume spectroscopy has been used throughout to successively expose new surface layers and measure the composition and thermal diffusivity. With two of the systems, modification of the near-surface elemental composition profiles has been forced. Sustained electrical heating of a Nichrome ribbon specimenrevealed preferential diffusion of chromium to the surface, affecting the spectral emissivity and thermal diffusivity as well as depth-dependent local heating rates. In the case of Wood's alloy a sample is melted and re-solidified under a protocol that highlights gravitational forcing. The noncontact spectroscopic method has been used to discover that the top and bottom surfaces acquire two different composition profiles and exhibit commensurate disparity in the measured thermal diffusivity profiles.
Robust object estimation using generative-discriminative inference for secure robotics applications

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are of increasing widespread use in robotics, especially for object recognition. However, such CNNs still lack several critical properties necessary for robots to properly perceive and function autonomously in uncertain, and potentially adversarial, environments. In this paper, we investigate factors for accurate, reliable, and resource-efficient object and pose recognition suitable for robotic manipulation in adversarial clutter. Our exploration is in the context of a three-stage pipeline of discriminative CNN-based recognition, generative probabilistic estimation, and robot manipulation. This pipeline proposes using a SAmpling Network Density filter, or SAND filter, to recover from potentially erroneous decisions produced by a CNN through generative probabilistic inference. We present experimental results from SAND filter perception for robotic manipulation in tabletop scenes with both benign and adversarial clutter. These experiments vary CNN model complexity for object recognition and evaluate levels of inaccuracy that can be recovered by generative pose inference. This scenario is extended to consider adversarial environmental modifications with varied lighting, occlusions, and surface modifications.
Trapped vessel of abdominal pain with hepatomegaly: A case report

Abdominal pain with elevated transaminases from inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction is a relatively common reason for referral and further workup by a hepatologist. The differential for the cause of IVC obstruction is extensive, and the most common etiologies include clotting disorders or recent trauma. In some situations the common etiologies have been ruled out, and the underlying process for the patient's symptoms is still not explained. We present one unique case of abdominal pain and hepatomegaly secondary to IVC constriction from extrinsic compression of the diaphragm. Based on this patient's presentation, we urge that physicians be cognizant of the IVC diameter and consider extrinsic compression as a contributor to the patient's symptoms. If IVC compression from the diaphragm is confirmed, early referral to vascular surgery is strongly advised for further surgical intervention.
Shallow Water Reverberation and Low Frequency Seabed Scattering

Abstract : The long-term goal of this work is: (1) to develop a reverberation model for predicting the reverberation level and the echo-to-reverberation ratio in shallow water (SW) in a frequency band of 100-3000 Hz, and (2) to analyze the mechanisms of seabed scattering at low frequencies (LF). The objective is to set up a quality reverberation data base, to validate the SW reverberation model derived from the energy flux method , and to charaterize LF seabed scattering parameters.
Congestion Managment for Cost-effective Power Grid Load Balancing using FACTS and Energy Storage Devices allocated via Grid Curvature Means

A new method for congestion management is introduced based on a new concept of graph curvature. Fundamentally, a new curvature concept is presented and utilized to detect congestion within the power grid. From the premise that a negative curvature property means that the grid is prone to congestion in the sense that some lines carry a significant amount of power compared to the other lines, the congested lines are identified using a novel curvature-driven centrality measure. Once the congested areas/lines are identified, methods to control/mitigate congestion via curvature maximization are presented and revolve around the idea of deploying FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) devices and extra loads-storage elements-that drain the power overflow away from the congestion areas in such a way as to minimize the cost of energy production while maintaining stability via phase angle and voltage constraints. The same method also embodies control/mitigation of line loading relative to their thermal ratings, by incorporating constraints on the power flowing through the lines.
#NEVERAGAIN: Framing in Community and National News Coverage of the Parkland Mass Shootings

This study examined the salience and valence of frames in community and national newspaper coverage of the 2018 Parkland shootings, after which several survivors became well-known activists. Of the...
Student Rights: Can We Create Violence-Free Schools That Are Still Free?

Will the Roberts Court Turn its Back on Tinker? In June of 2007, the Roberts Court released Morse v. Frederick, the closely-watched student speech case from Juneau, Alaska. In that case, a student was disciplined by school authorities for unfurling the now-infamous "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" banner across the street from a public high school. Chief Justice Roberts' majority opinion held that the school principal acted constitutionally in limiting student speech that reasonably could be interpreted as promoting illegal drug use. The Tinker standard of "substantial disruption" was found not to be applicable to the situation and Justice Thomas opined in a concurring opinion that "the better approach is to dispense with Tinker altogether ...." This Article describes the Supreme Court's earlier cut-backs of Tinker as well as its constitutional endorsement of searches of students by public school official. Both of these trends converged in the 2007 Morse case to allow student speech suppression by school authorities seeking to allegedly promote student safety. The first section of the Article discusses several studies concerning the statistics on school violence and whether it was increasing in the late 1990's. The next section reviews various federal laws relating to school safety. The major Supreme Court student speech and search cases preceding Morse are next discussed, notably New Jersey v. T.L.O., Vernonia, Bethel v. Fraser, and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, all of which are discussed in Morse. The Article concludes: "Students are now attending public school with the expectation and experience of a constitutionally constrained setting. This may make them in turn more receptive, as adults, to similar rights limitations, or at least complacent should adult rights infringements occur." Morse v. Frederick increases the likelihood of this outcome and seems to indicate that the over-ruling of the Tinker standard presaged in the Article is just a case or two away.