cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obtaining Squared Multiple Correlations from a Correlation Matrix Which May be Singular.

A theorem is presented relating the squared multiple correlation of each measure in a battery with the other measures to the unique generalized inverse of the correlation matrix. This theorem is independent of the rank of the correlation matrix and may be utilized for singular correlation matrices. A coefficient is presented which indicates whether the squared multiple correlation is unity or not. Note that not all measures necessarily have unit squared multiple correlations with the other measures when the correlation matrix is singular. Some suggestions for computations are given for simultaneous determination of squared multiple correlations for all measures.
Antirheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation.

Objective To review the toxicity issues of commonly used antirheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Methods A review of the medical literature using Medline database via Ovid was performed to identify the toxicities of antirheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Results Many rheumatologic diseases in women often first present during the childbearing years. In most cases, antirheumatic therapy is required for their disease control. Glucocorticoids may be used during pregnancy; however, first-trimester use should be avoided if possible and breastfeeding should occur 4 hours after the last dosing. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors should be discontinued 6 to 8 weeks before delivery. NSAIDs are compatible with lactation, although there is potential risk of jaundice and kernicterus. There is insufficient data on COX-2 inhibitors and lactation. Hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine may be continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. Methotrexate and leflunomide are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Azathioprine and cyclosporine A could be used with caution during pregnancy if felt there is a need to suppress disease activity. They are not compatible with breastfeeding. There are insufficient data regarding tumor necrosis factor-antagonists, anakinra, and rituximab in relation to pregnancy and lactation. Male patients should be made aware of the effects methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and cyclophosphamide may have on their fertility. Conclusions Health care providers should discuss the risks and benefits of antirheumatic therapy during conception, pregnancy, and lactation with their patients. Better maternal and fetal outcomes can be expected if the pregnancy is planned, the rheumatic disease is stable, and if appropriate medication adjustments can be made ahead of time.
Low-probability rational spillovers

Abstract We find evidence of “rationality spillovers” in low-probability high-severity risks. People adjust their valuation of high probability events and preferences as they reduce preference reversals. We find insensitivity to scope for food safety illnesses with the lowest probabilities.
Reciprocal altruism and kin selection are not clearly separable phenomena.

Abstract Reciprocal altruism (RA) is usually thought of as occurring between non-relatives and is considered to be distinct from kin selection (KS). But because similar traits expressed by conspecifics are usually due in part to identical genetic determinants, individuals that engage in RA are likely to be doing so because of shared genes. This is true so long as there is any genetic determination of RA. Thus, RA is not clearly distinct from KS unless it occurs between different species. A new definition of RA presented here stresses that RA is likely to involve gains in inclusive fitness (as in KS) and does not have the requirement that future benefits outweigh the costs of an altruist's aid. Given the arguments presented here, it seems that no certain cases of true intraspecific RA are known. RA can be viewed as a genetic recognition system with the tendency to return aid being the marker by which reciprocal altruists recognize one another. Lastly, speculations are presented concerning the potential origin of true RA within an original context of KS.
Relating European emigration and marriage patterns.

This article discusses a number of the ways in which marriage and migration interacted in European sending areas for migration in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It also speculates as to some of the ramifications of those changes in marriage and migration patterns. In particular, it uses sources from the Netherlands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century to illustrate a few patterns, some quantitative ones already well known to scholars of demography and some qualitative ones which have received less attention, and poses some hypotheses which other researchers can pursue for other emigration regions and periods. Unlike international migrants from many sending regions, where single men dominated the migration of this period, those from the Netherlands at the turn of the century tended more often to move in family units. In discussing these issues, this article demonstrates the degree to which marriage in the sending country was affected by migration, offering a variety of insights...
Miami Intermodal Center: Airport Connection for the Future

The $2 billion Miami Intermodal Center (MIC) project is the most advanced and forward-looking "all-in-one" airport intermodal center in the U.S. It has four major components: 1) the Rental Car Center (RCC) opened for business on July 13, 2010; 2) the Miami International Airport (MIA) Mover opened to the public on September 9, 2011; 3) the Metrorail Airport Link is scheduled to open in April 2012; and 4) the Miami Central Station (MCS) is scheduled to be completed by September 2013. The Tri-Rail connection at MCS allows MIA to serve as the convenient international get-away airport of choice for the entire South Florida area, from Palm Beach to the north to the Ft. Lauderdale in the middle, thus enlarging the service radius of MIA from 30 miles to 70 miles. The MIC enables MIA to continue grow without worrying about the ever-worsening ground access problems other airports have to face and deal with.
A Proteome-Wide Perspective on Peroxisome Targeting Signal 1(PTS1)-Pex5p Affinities

Most proteins are targeted to the peroxisomal matrix by virtue of a peroxisomal targeting signal-1 (PTS1), a short carboxy-terminal sequence specifically recognized by the PTS1 receptor Pex5p. We had previously developed a model that allowed the estimation of the affinities of many PTS1 sequences within the human proteome for Pex5p that revealed a wide range of predicted affinities. We have now experimentally determined the affinities of the PTS1-containing peptides from 42 proteins from the human proteome for Pex5p and show that these range over 4 orders of magnitude. These affinities correlate reasonably well with the predicted values and are substantially more precise. In an attempt to provide a possible explanation for the wide range of PTS1-Pex5p affinities, we compared these affinities with mRNA levels (as a proxy for rates of protein production) of the genes encoding these proteins in 79 human tissues and cell types. We note that high affinity PTS1-Pex5p interactions tend to correspond to proteins encoded by genes expressed at relatively low levels, whereas lower affinity PTS1-Pex5p interactions tend to correspond to proteins encoded by genes exhibiting higher levels and wider ranges of expression. Further analysis revealed that these relationships are consistent with the notion that a relatively uniform pool of protein-Pex5p complexes is maintained for appropriate peroxisome assembly.
Reverse redistribution on planar thallium scintigraphy: relationship to resting thallium uptake and long-term outcome.

Reverse redistribution (RR) of thallium-201 has been associated with both acute and healed myocardial infarction, and with recent thrombolysis. The physiologic basis for RR in coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear but may be related to an admixture of viable and scarred myocardium within the RR segment. We performed thallium reinjection imaging at rest to better characterize RR defects in patients with chronic CAD. We found enhanced uptake of201Tl in 52% of RR segments after reinjection, consistent with significant regional viability that was not evident on redistribution images. We then used a logistic multiple regression analysis to determine whether RR alone or in combination with other scintigraphic findings could predict patient outcome. The results showed that severe RR was an independent predictor of patient outcome. We conclude that RR may have prognostic significance in chronic CAD.
Sixty years with hypnosis: personal experience with hypnosis since 1907.

(1968). Sixty Years with Hypnosis: Personal Experience with Hypnosis since 1907. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 214-218.
A critical function for type I interferons in cancer immunoediting

'Cancer immunoediting' is a process wherein the immune system protects hosts against tumor development and facilitates outgrowth of tumors with reduced immunogenicity. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is known to be involved in this process, the involvement of type I interferons (IFN-α/β) has not been elucidated. We now show that, like IFN-γ, endogenously produced IFN-α/β was required for the prevention of the growth of primary carcinogen–induced and transplantable tumors. Although tumor cells are important IFN-γ targets, they are not functionally relevant sites of the actions of the type I interferons. Instead, host hematopoietic cells are critical IFN-α/β targets during development of protective antitumor responses. Therefore, type I interferons are important components of the cancer immunoediting process and function in a way that does not completely overlap the functions of IFN-γ.
Norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis: effect of interscapular brown fat.

La reduction de l'effet calorigenique de la noradrenaline chez des rats adaptes au froid, dont la veine de Sulzer a ete ligaturee et sectionnee, est semblable a celle obtenue chez des rats sans graisse brune interscapulaire. Etant donne l'absence de signe de necrose de la graisse brune chez les rats a veine ligaturee, cette observation ne parle pas en faveur d'une fonction endocrine de ce tissu.
CYTOCHROME P450 CONFORMATION AND SUBSTRATE INTERACTIONS AS PROBED BY CO BINDING KINETICS

The kinetics of CO binding to cytochrome P450, as measured by the flash photolysis technique, is a powerful probe of P450 structure-function relationships. The kinetics are sensitive to P450 conformation and dynamics and are modulated by P450 interactions with substrates and other components of the microsomal membrane. Application of a difference method to kinetic data analysis distinguishes the kinetic behavior of individual P450 forms in the microsomal membrane. This approach shows that substrates differentially modulate the kinetics via: 1) changes in P450 conformation/dynamics that either accelerate or reduce the binding rate; and/or 2) steric effects that reduce the rate. Both mechanisms are observed, the relative contributions of each varying in a substrate- and P450-dependent manner. In addition to microsomes, substrate interactions with individual P450s can be similarly probed using expressed P450s. Experiments with baculovirus-expressed human P450 3A4 show that this P450 consists of multiple conformers with distinct substrate specificities, an observation which provides a basis for its recognition of a wide array of structurally diverse substrates. These studies thus demonstrate the utility of CO binding kinetics in elucidating fundamental P450-substrate interactions in a biological membrane environment.
Further investigation of the effect of application parameters on adhesive-bonded seams of single-ply roof membranes

A laboratory study was conducted to determine if a T-peel test was sensitive to differences in initial (7 days) bond strength for adhesive-bonded seams of EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymer) rubber membranes made under different application conditions. The main categories of application parameters investigated were: surface condition (cleanness, moisture) of the rubber; pressure applied; temperature during seam formation; open time. The T-peel test was found to be sensitive to changes in bond resulting from variation of some of the application parameters. Seams prepared using uncleaned sheets (without removing the talc or other contaminants from their surfaces), or using long open times, had lower average peel strengths than those of the control specimens. Light pressure or high temperature during bond formation produced seams with average peel strengths higher than those of the controls. Wet surfaces and low temperature had no significant effect on the average strength of the seams.
Phase-Space Performances Of Optimized And Conventional Synchrotron Radiation Grazing Incidence Mirrors

Recently, a design method has been proposed for grazing incidence synchrotron radiation mirrors (Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 175, 1980, 273-280) that emphasizes the conservation and development of symmetrical phase-space contours upon reflection. In this paper we will examine the difference between such surfaces and those of conventional synchrotron radiation mirrors by computing the degree and the nature of the phase-space distortions arising from each type of surface. The results will be of relevance in selecting optimal designs for reflecting optics for synchrotron radiation sources.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Life-testing oxide-confined VCSELs: too good to last?

The use of native oxides (selective oxidation) in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers has produced dramatic improvements in these laser diodes but has also been suspected of causing poor reliability because of incidental reports of short lifetimes and physical considerations. Here we discuss the results of thousands of hours life-tests for oxide confined and implant confined devices at current densities from 1 to 12 kA/cm{sup 2}. There was a single infant mortality failure from a sample of 14 oxide confined lasers with the remainder showing relatively stable operation. The failed device is analyzed in terms of light current characteristics and near-field electroluminescence images, and potential screening criteria are proposed.
On the use of 2-D moment invariants for the automated classification of particle shapes

Abstract A mathematical method is introduced to describe quantitatively the shape and shape evolution of precipitates in a two-phase microstructure. The method relies on the concept of moment invariants, i.e. combinations of second-order moments that are invariant with respect to affine and/or similarity transformations. Examples are given for special two-dimensional (2-D) shapes, including rectangles, ellipses and regular polygons, and the concept of the moment invariant density map is introduced. Three applications to 2-D phase field simulations of γ–γ′ superalloy microstructures are discussed: average particle shape, shape evolution and particle consolidation.
Tetraspine: Robust terrain handling on a tensegrity robot using central pattern generators

In order to produce a new mode of robust robotic locomotion and better understand how vertebrates coordinate motion with a compliant spine, we are developing a modular tensegrity robot inspired by the spine. The robot, called Tetraspine, is composed of rigid tetrahedron-shaped segments connected by six strings. Distributed impedance controllers coupled with central pattern generators (CPGs) generate tunable motion in the structure, making this the first mobile terrestrial tensegrity robot controlled by CPGs to the authors' knowledge. By eliminating rigid joints between segments and increasing compliance in the structure, Tetraspine is robust to perturbations; it traverses several types of irregular terrain successfully in simulation. Experiments in prototype hardware have proven the viability of the impedance controller and overall structure for locomotion.
Carbon Storage Traits of Main Tree Species in Natural Forests in Northeast China

Abstract Carbon storage capacity of tree species is important for sustainable forest management especially in the context of international policy agendas on greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. In this research, the carbon storage traits of main tree species over their life spans in natural forests in Northeast China are studied through allometric relationships between diameter at breast height, tree age, and total carbon storage of each species. The ranking of carbon storage of the main tree species in their full life spans follows: Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. > Quercus mongolica Fisch. Ex Ledeb. > Populus ussuriensis Kom > Larix olgensis A. Henry > Tilia amurensis Rupr. > Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. > Betula platyphylla Sukaczev > Ulmus japonica (Rehder) Sarg. > Acer mono Maxim. > Populus davidiana Dode. P. ussuriensis has the largest annual carbon accumulation rate during its life span among the main tree species and reaches about 68 kg yr–1. Fast-growing species in this area can accumulate...
Yeast cell debris and protein partitioning in the poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(vinyl alcohol) biphasic system.

Abstract Yeast cells, cell and protein partitioning have been investigated in the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 8000/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 10 000 system Cells and cell debris partition into the lower (PVA) phase over the pH range 4.8–7.8, and with up to 0.37 M KCl at pH 5.9. Protein partitioning is more pH-dependent in the PEG/PVA system than in the PEG/dextran system, and a significant fraction of the total protein is found at the interface at lower pH values. Significant, rapid purification of overproduced pyruvate kinase in a PEG/PVA system containing Blue Sepharose CL-6B particles is demonstrated.
Interventions to Promote Physical Activity Among African Americans

This article provides a summary of recent physical activity intervention research conducted among African Americans. As prior reviews have been published in this area, the authors updated the literature by focusing on the past 8 years. Overall, there has been an increase in the number and methodological rigor of the studies in this area. Thirty studies published in peer-reviewed journals were included in the current review. Results from 18 of these studies indicated that interventions produced significant increases in activity behavior among African American participants. Recent improvements in this research include larger sample sizes, more randomized controlled trials, and increased use of reliable and valid self-report measures, objective assessment tools, and theoretical backgrounds for interventions. However, attrition and long-term exercise adherence remain problematic in this area of research.
GENERIC ASPECTS OF PRIMATE ATTACHMENTS: PARENTS, OFFSPRING AND MATES

We examine behavioral and physiological aspects of primate emotional attachments in the context of four relationships: infant-to-parent, parent-to-infant, and adult male-to-female and adult female-to-male in a monogamous New World species. Emotional attachments in each of these relationships show striking similarities at a basic functional level. The nature of these similarities suggests that they are produced by the same psychoneuroendocrine core, which appears to be present in all mammals. We also consider the development of each of kind of attachment. In contrast to fundamental similarities in the expression of attachment, their development in each case appears to be based on distinct, species-typical dispositions and constraints.
Ultrastructural studies of a nuclear body in peas with characteristics of both chromatin and nucleoli.

Interphase cells from pea seedlings 36–48 hours old have been found to contain an ovoid nuclear body distinct from the nucleolus and chromatin. Such bodies have been called karyosomes. Karyosomes are found sometimes attached to nucleoli and sometimes amongst chromatin. Karyosomes in situ are characterized by the presence of 300 A dense granules. Isolated karyosomes show such granules to be composed of coiled strands. These strands are composed of helically disposed thin fibrils (25–30 A in diameter) and are continuous with strands in the intergranular regions. DNase digestion of unfixed isolated karyosomes suggests the presence of significant amounts of deoxyribonucleo-protein in these structures. RNase digestion destroys the fine structure of the ground substance of the karyosomes and indicates a basic ground structure similar to that of nucleoli. A survey of literature indicates that karyosomes may occur in a wide variety of actively metabolizing plant and animal cells.
Genetic and clinical heterogeneity in the oral-facial-digital syndromes.

The association of oral, facial, and digital malformations has become known as the oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome. This syndrome is currently considered to be inherited as an X-linked dominant trait, manifested only in female subjects and lethal in themale. This paper documents the presence of OFD malformations in one girl and her two male siblings. It is concluded that this symptom complex represents at least two distinct genetic entities: OFD I, inherited as an X-linked or sex-limited autosomal dominant; and OFD II (Mohr syndrome), probably inherited as an autosomal recessive.
Activation of the hepatic LDL receptor promoter by thyroid hormone

Abstract The question of whether mature sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) mediates transcriptional activation of the hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor by thyroid hormone was investigated. Western blotting analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that mature nuclear SREBP-2 protein could be detected in liver nuclear extracts prepared from normal animals but not in extracts prepared from rats rendered hypothyroid either by hypophysectomy (Hx) or thyroidectomy (Tx). Treatment of Hx rats with T3 restored LDL receptor mRNA levels in about 1 h and caused a 6-fold increase 2.5 h after T3 administration. However, no detectable mature SREBP-2 was seen in this time period despite a substantial reduction in serum cholesterol levels caused by the T3 treatment. Deletion of the SRE region from the LDL receptor promoter did not decrease the T3 response. Thus, the possibility that T3 may be mediating LDL receptor induction directly via a thyroid response element (TRE) was investigated. Reporter gene analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the rat LDL receptor promoter contains two functional TREs (US-TRE and 2H-TRE). Either one of these elements could support T3 induction. However, the stronger of these elements is US-TRE at-612 which binds TRβ1 more tightly and when mutated results in a diminished T3 response. These results indicate that the rapid induction of the hepatic LDL receptor by thyroid hormone is likely due to direct interaction with TREs rather than indirectly by a mechanism involving SREBP-2.
Comparison of equine endometrial cytology samples collected with uterine swab, uterine brush, and low‐volume lavage from healthy mares

Background There have been no studies evaluating and comparing the quality of equine endometrial cytology samples obtained via the 3 most common sampling techniques from healthy mares. Objectives The objective was to compare the quality and contents of equine endometrial samples obtained by 3 different sampling techniques: double-guarded uterine swab, double-guarded uterine brush, and low-volume lavage (LVL), all collected from clinically healthy mares. Methods Samples were collected from 24 healthy mares in early estrus. In 19 mares, samples were obtained in a sequential manner, first with the swab, then with the brush, followed by LVL. Cytologic evaluation included estimates of quality, cellularity, and presence of inflammatory cells. The clinical pathologist performing the evaluations was blinded to the collection technique. The Friedman test with Dunn's multiple comparisons was used to compare rankings of quality, cellularity, and the presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Observed cytologic differences were described. Results All techniques provided diagnostic samples, but swabs yielded the lowest quality sample. In our hands, the uterine brush provided the highest quality sample. Low-volume lavage samples contained higher numbers of neutrophils, although, in general, < 1 neutrophil/400× field is expected for all endometrial sampling techniques in healthy mares. Conclusions All sampling techniques can be adequate methods for endometrial cytology, but the brush technique consistently provided the best sample. Sample contamination or poor slide quality can adversely affect interpretation. The most accurate criteria for determining what constitutes mild endometritis in mares have yet to be established.
Recent perspectives on unconscious processing: Still no marketing applications

The history of subliminal research consists of cycles during which investigators report a subliminal finding, others fail to replicate it, but, nevertheless, the finding is publicized and achieves some degree of acceptance among lay audiences. Such cycles have been permitted by (a) inadequately standardized empirical criteria for subliminal effects and (b) lack of consensus on theories of unconscious processes. Recent advances in methods have yielded some replicable subliminal effects and new models of unconscious processes have abandoned some of the controversial motivational assumptions of past perspectives. Nevertheless, cautious interpretation of this recent work maintains the wisdom of a skeptical appraisal of the potential for productive marketing applications.
Brain Activation for Language Dual-Tasking: Listening to Two People Speak at the Same Time and a Change in Network Timing

The study used fMRI to investigate brain activation in participants who were able to listen to and successfully comprehend two people speaking at the same time (dual-tasking). The study identi- fied brain mechanisms associated with high-level, concurrent dual-tasking, as compared with compre- hending a single message. Results showed an increase in the functional connectivity among areas of the language network in the dual task. The increase in synchronization of brain activation for dual- tasking was brought about primarily by a change in the timing of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) acti- vation relative to posterior temporal activation, bringing the LIFG activation into closer correspondence with temporal activation. The results show that the change in LIFG timing was greater in participants with lower working memory capacity, and that recruitment of additional activation in the dual-task occurred only in the areas adjacent to the language network that was activated in the single task. The shift in LIFG activation may be a brain marker of how the brain adapts to high-level dual-tasking. Hum Brain Mapp 33:1868-1882, 2012. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic helical computed tomography scan accurately detects hemorrhage in patients with pelvic fracture.

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of dynamic helical computed tomography (CT) scan for screening patients with pelvic fractures and hemorrhage requiring angiographic embolization for control of bleeding. Methods. Patients admitted to the trauma service with pelvic fractures were identified from the trauma registry. Data retrieval included demographics, hemodynamic instability, Injury Severity Score, blood transfusion requirement, length of stay, and mortality. CT scans obtained during the initial evaluation were reviewed for the presence of contrast extravasation and correlated with angiographic findings. Data are reported as mean ± SEM, with P <.05 considered significant. Results. Seven thousand seven hundred eighty-one patients were admitted from June 1994 to May 1999. A pelvic fracture was diagnosed in 660 (8.5%). Two hundred ninety (44.0%) dynamic helical CT scans were performed, of which 13 (4.5%) identified contrast extravasation. Nine (69%) were hemodynamically unstable and had pelvic arteriography performed. Arterial bleeding was confirmed in all and controlled by embolization. Patients with contrast extravasation had significantly greater Injury Severity Score, blood transfusion requirement and length of stay. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT scan for identifying patients requiring embolization were 90.0%, 98.6%, and 98.3%, respectively. Conclusion. Early use of dynamic helical CT scanning in the multiply injured patient with a pelvic fracture accurately identifies the need for emergent angiographic embolization. (Surgery 2000;128:67885.)
Organic phosphorus source effects on calcareous soil phosphorus and organic carbon

The loading, solubility, mobility, and plant availability of P is a growing environmental concern to regulators and planners of nutrient management plans, confined animal feeding operations, and wastewater land application permit sites. Insufficient information is available on how P reacts from different organic sources when applied to calcareous soils. A field study was conducted to determine the interactions among P application rate, source, extractability, and soil organic carbon (OC) concentration. A Portneuf silt loam (Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids) topsoil and freshly exposed subsoil were fertilized with monocalcium phosphate (MCP), cheese whey, and dairy manure. Organic matter added with the whey did not influence soil OC concentrations whereas organic matter added with the manure doubled the subsoil OC and increased the topsoil OC concentrations. Bicarbonate and saturation paste extractable ortho- and organic-P concentrations were linearly related to soil OC concentrations but were not related to the amount of ortho- or organic-P added. All forms of P increased more per unit of added P in the order manure > whey > MCP and were correlated with the soil OC concentrations. These results suggest organic waste applications should be managed from :oil P test data rather than on P application rates.
Coping with Loneliness The Impact of Causal Attributions

This study identifies a set of strategies that people use to cope with loneliness and examines causal attributions for loneliness as predictors of coping behavior. Subjects were 128 adults who completed a questionnaire including the NYU Loneliness Scale, two attributional measures, and a modification of the Ways of Coping Scale. A distinction was made between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Internal attributions for loneliness were found to be related to the intensity of coping efforts, but not to the type of strategy used (that is, problem-focused vs. emotion-focused).
Multiple levels of control in the Stroop task

Multiple levels of control may be used in service of reducing Stroop interference. One is list-wide, whereby interference is reduced strategically in lists that include disproportionately more incongruent trials. A second, item-specific control is observed when proportion congruence is manipulated at the level of items. Item-specific control reduces interference for mostly incongruent relative to mostly congruent items. First, we show that item-specific control may drive both list-wide and item-specific proportion congruence effects (Experiment 1). We then show that item-specific control affects Stroop interference similarly when a single feature (a word) as opposed to a feature combination (a word 1 font type) signals proportion congruence (Experiment 2). Although this suggests that font type offers little advantage for controlling Stroop interference beyond the word, a novel, font-specific proportion congruence effect is observed in Experiment 3, indicating that font type can be used to control interference. These findings support the idea that multiple levels of control are used in reducing Stroop interference.
Polarimetric decomposition analysis of the Deepwater Horizon oil slick using L-band UAVSAR data

We report here an analysis of the polarization-dependence of L-band radar backscatter from the main slick of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, with specific attention to the utility of polarimetric decomposition analysis for discrimination of oil from clean water and identification of variations in the oil characteristics. For this study we used data collected with the UAVSAR instrument from opposing look directions directly over the main oil slick. We find that both the Cloude-Pottier and Shannon entropy polarimetric decomposition methods offer promise for oil discrimination, with the Shannon entropy method yielding the same information as contained in the Cloude-Pottier entropy and averaged intensity parameters, but with significantly less computational complexity.
Recertifying in the art of medicine: what I would tell young physicians.

All specialty boards in medicine now give time-limited certificates of qualification to physicians who pass the examination and have graduated in the past 10 years or so, requiring physicians to recertify by passing one or more written examinations if they want to maintain certification in their specialty. At one time board certification, which is not mandatory and thus far has not had a great role in the ability of a physician to compete with his peers who were not certified, was viewed by the physician as an honor, a recognition of his knowledge. However, this is changing because most professional societies, academic medical centers, many nonacademic medical centers, and even pri­ vate multigroup practices require physicians to be certified. Board certification is a testing of physicians' knowledge of the science of their specialty and their understanding of ethical issues in medicine. Competency in ethics, however, is not the same as competence in the practice of the art of medicine. How can a physician's qualities in his interac­ tions with coworkers, the patient, and the patient's family be assessed on a written examination? They can't. Such an assessment must be done by the patient. There is an awareness on the part of the public that the practice of the art of medicine is becoming a lost art,? It has been superceded by advances in technology and pharmaco­ therapeutics. Dr William J. May03 said, "One meets with many men who stood high in their classes, who have great knowledge of medicine but very little wisdom in applica­ tion. They have mastered the science and have failed in the understanding of the human being." A recent Gallup sur­ vey of the public's perception of the honesty and ethics of personnel in 45 occupations put physicians at fourth, be­ hind nurses, pharmacists, and veterinarians, with only a 58% rating. To put this in better perspective, lawyers were last but had a 41% rating.
Effects of curvature on the analysis of landmark shape manifolds

Shape spaces can be endowed with the structure of Rieman- nian manifolds; this allows one to compute, for example, Euler-Lagrange equations and geodesic distance for such spaces. Until very recently little was known about the actual geometry of shape manifolds; in this paper we summarize results contained in [1], which deals with the computation of curvature for landmark shape spaces. Implications on both the qualitative dynamics of geodesies and the statistical analysis on shape manifolds are also discussed.
ENFORCING THE COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT: AN ADVOCATE'S GUIDE TO MAKING THE CRA WORK FOR COMMUNITIES

This guide to the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is designed to provide community advocates with the basic information and skills they need to challenge bank redlining and promote economic development in their neighborhoods. The Guide includes four sections: the legal structure of the CRA; important information about banks and how to get it; analyzing a bank's CRA records, and participating in the CRA enforcement process.
Relational and Content Differences Between Elites and Outsiders in Innovation Networks

This study investigated the nature of network communication patterns based on innovation. As expected from previous work on uncertainty and informal organizational elites, a central group of core, integrated members was apparent in each network structure from three organizational subunits in a school district. Earlier studies have shown that communication about new ideas tends to occur in strong, multiplex relationships rather than weak ties in organizations. Such findings are apparent at the group level in the analyses of these data; the central, elite groups are characterized by dense linkages and high volumes of social/personal, and work communication. Relational attributions and content data were analyzed in a 2 × 2 table of elite and outsider sources and their judgments of elite and outsider contacts. As expected, elites view one another more favorably (on affect, influence, and receptiveness to new ideas) than they do outsiders. Outsiders also tend to rate elites more favorably in each area than they do other outsiders. Implications are discussed in terms of the way that elites manage uncertainty, others’ attributions, and their close versus weak ties in order to retain influence and control over innovation processes.
Decreased immune response and increased incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia caused by fusaria grown on sterile corn.

Abstract Corn, feed, and litter samples reported to be associated with feed refusal, diarrhea, leg weakness, and mortality were evaluated for the presence of toxic substances. Intubated residues of ethyl acetate extracts of these samples did not cause gross lesions, diarrhea, or mortality in young New Hampshire × Single Comb White Leghorn crossbred chicks. Fusarium moniliforme was the predominant fungal species found in unpelleted feed and corn samples. Young broiler chicks, fed diets supplemented with 2 or 8% corn cultures of selected F. moniliforme isolates from a suspected toxic corn sample, failed to develop clinical signs of mycotoxicosis. However, some isolates resulted in decreased antibody responses to SRBC. Com cultures of some Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium semitectum strains also decreased the immune response. Cultures of three F. equiseti strains from barley and potato induced tibial dyschondroplastic lesions in young broiler chicks. Other F. equiseti strains and strains of other Fusarium species did not cause this skeletal abnormality.
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) levels in pituitary stalk plasma during the preovulatory gonadotropin surge of rabbits.

Mating in the rabbit evokes a surge of LH secretion and ovulation. Hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion is believed to link mating and the LH surge humorally but the pattern of LHRH secretion after mating remains unknown. In the present investigation, we studied the pattern of LHRH secretion into pituitary stalk blood after an iv injection of cupric acetate, a chemical stimulus previously established to evoke typical post-coital patterns of gonadotropin secretion and ovulation, to have a hypothalamic site of action and to be effective in anesthetized rabbits. Pituitary stalk blood for LHRH measurements was collected by a trans-palatal, trans-sphenoidal surgical approach; blood was collected continuously for 5 h into a cannula at a rate of 20 μl/min. Cupric acetate was administered after a 1 h control collection period. In 5 mature female rabbits, immunoassayable LHRH levels in pituitary stalk plasma were undetectable (<5 pg/ml) during the hour before and the hour after cupri...
Optimization of a broad class of ephemeris model earth-mars cyclers

Recent interest in cycler trajectories has led to the discovery of many new solutions. Most, however, are valid only in a circular-coplanar solar system. The current study presents a method to optimize accurate model cyclers based on simple model solutions and catalogs the results for a broad class of ephemeris model Earth‐Mars cyclers. An efficient constrained optimization problem is defined to accommodate long-duration, ballistic, patched conic trajectories. A continuation algorithm is then developed to transition infinitely continuous circular-coplanar solutions to finite-duration accurate ephemeris solutions. Finally, the algorithm is applied to 203 promising circular-coplanar parent cyclers for 21 launch windows each, equaling 4263 cases. In total, there are nine parent cyclers (one of them is the well-known Aldrin cycler) that have at least one finite-duration cycler with a total maneuver requirement of less than 1 m/s over seven full cycles. Additionally, 39 and 74 parent cyclers have at least one launch date with a maneuver requirement of less than 10 and 300 m/s, respectively. Several of the most promising cyclers have consistently low requirements for all launch windows considered. In general, the study demonstrates the broad feasibility for accurate ephemeris cyclers.
The Symbols of “Forest”: A Structural Analysis of Mbuti Culture and Social Organization

This structural analysis of the Epulu Mbuti (Zaire) offers an “ideationalist” alternative to more radically “empiricist” or “materialist” studies of hunter-gatherers. Spatial, kinship, affinal, and ritual metaphors of the “Forest” (ndura) involve homologous representations of family, sub-band, band, and total Forest collectivities. Peculiarly Mbuti “anomalies” (e.g., reputed absence of kinship, patriliny, and sub-band groups; elima ritual; age and gender equality) become intelligible in terms of resolving the core contradiction of the system: endogamy versus exogamy.
Polydactyly in Mice Lacking HDAC9/HDRP

Mice lacking histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and its truncated variant, HDRP, exhibit post-axial polydactyly that manifests as an extra big toe on the right hind foot. Polydactyly in HDAC9/ HDRP knockout mice occurs with incomplete penetrance and affects both genders similarly. Because polydactyly can result from overactivity of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, we investigated whether HDRP acted as a negative regulator of the Shh pathway. We find that Gli1, a transcription factor and downstream mediator of Shh signaling, is expressed at substantially higher levels in the feet of perinatal HDAC9/ HDRP-/- mice as compared with wild-type littermates. To more directly examine whether HDRP negatively-regulates Shh signaling we utilized cell lines that express components of the Shh pathway and that respond to the Shh agonist purmorphamine. We find that purmorphamine-mediated stimulation of Gli1 in the NIH 3T3 and HT22 cell lines is inhibited by the expression of HDRP. In HT22 cells, purmorphamine treatment leads to an increase in the rate of cell proliferation, which is also inhibited by HDRP. This inhibitory effect of HDRP on purmorphamine-mediated cell proliferation was also observed in primary cultures of glial cells. Although the mechanism by which it inhibits Gli1 induction and cell proliferation by purmorphamine is not clear, HDRP localizes to the nucleus suggesting it acts just upstream of Gli3 activation in the signaling cascade activated by Shh. Taken together our results suggest that HDRP acts as a negative regulator of the Shh pathway and that the absence of HDRP results in hyper-activation of this pathway resulting in polydactyly.
Sarcoidosis with gastric involvement. A case report.

Summary A case of sarcoidosis with involvement of the stomach is presented and the literature is briefly reviewed. Of the 24 instances of sarcoid involvement of the stomach, 8, including the present case, have been established by transoral gastric biopsy. It is suggested that sarcoid of the stomach might be more common than has been previously appreciated.
Faculty status of librarians at U.S. research universities

Abstract This survey of 124 library directors reveals that 52% of U.S. research universities grant nominal faculty status to librarians. The proportion granting faculty status has declined since 2008. Further survey results are provided for 12 distinct components of faculty status: nominal faculty status, tenure, professor ranks, peer review, scholarship, faculty senate, other committees, sabbaticals, flexible work, 9-month year, research funds, and equivalent salaries. Certain components of faculty status are substantially more or less common than faculty status itself, and nominal faculty status does not correspond to a clear-cut set of working conditions, rights, or responsibilities. A 5-tier hierarchy of faculty status indicators can be identified, and factor analysis can be used to create a single faculty status index that fully represents 9 of the 12 components of faculty status. The individual components that correspond most closely to the faculty status index are peer review and sabbaticals—not nominal faculty status.
Complementary life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment plants: An integrated approach to comprehensive upstream and downstream impact assessments and its extension to building-level wastewater generation

Abstract Typical life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) too often focus exclusively on either upstream or downstream impacts while failing to connect this to a scale appropriate for integration in building assessments. A solution to this problem would offer a framework of tools to map the full scope of WWTP impacts, both upstream and downstream, in an integrated manner yet can be valid on an individual building level. This will allow for the capture of an aspect of the building use phase that is often neglected in the assessment process. The integrated approach discussed in this paper is unique in that it uses existing LCA methods to evaluate upstream and downstream impacts in a novel and complementary fashion. Upstream impacts are determined using three methods, namely: Economic Input–Output LCA (EIO-LCA), Ecologically-based LCA (Eco-LCA), and emergy analysis. Downstream impacts are captured through the application of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency calculations and a process-based method for land application of sludge waste products. Furthermore, this paper discusses the results that were extended to assess wastewater impacts on the scale of a specific building to complete the impact assessment from a previous study by the authors ( Srinivasan et al. (2014) . Building and Environment, 79, 151). The goal of this work is to develop a method to account for the upstream and downstream life cycle impacts of wastewater treatment at the plant and individual building level.
Computational Seebeck Coefficient Measurement Simulations

We have employed finite element analysis to develop computational Seebeck coefficient metrology simulations. This approach enables a unique exploration of multiple probe arrangements and measurement techniques within the same temporal domain. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we have performed these Seebeck coefficient measurement simulations to quantitatively explore perturbations to voltage and temperature correspondence, by comparing simultaneous and staggered data acquisition techniques under the quasi-steady-state condition. The results indicate significant distortions to the Seebeck coefficient and a strong dependence on the time delay, the acquisition sequence, and the probe arrangement.
Phosphate metabolic control of potassium movement - its effect on osmotic pressure of the cell.

Certain features of intracellular inorganic ion metabolism must be considered in any discussion of extracellular phosphate metabolism. This report will present our concepts in three areas: the potassium and phosphate shifts related to glucose uptake and insulin stimulation, the osmotic effects of energy metabolism, and some changes in cerebral intracellular ions caused by various hyperosmolar states.