cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jean Toomer’s Early Identification: The Two Black Plays

Readers of Jean Toomer's Cane are familiar with the major contrast in that book: rural South vs. urban North, primitivism vs. sophistication. Toomer grew up in a middle-class section of Washington, D.C., but before writing Cane he had experienced the rural South. He had also spent some time in Chicago. Thus he had seen the contrast firsthand. Taken together, two little-known plays, Balo and Natalie Mann, written around the time of Cane's composition, also illustrate the rural/urban contrast.1 In addition, the plays reflect both Toomer's successes and failures as he worked with the portrayal of black life and his own black identity during his early years as a writer.2 In 1921, Toomer spent about four months teaching at the Georgia Normal and Industrial Institute in Sparta, Georgia.3 This was Toomer's second sojourn into the South. In 1920, he had traveled in the South with Waldo Frank.4 The experience of teaching in Georgia and the trip with Frank a year earlier were very important to Toomer. In a 1922 letter to The Liberator, he wrote, "A visit to Georgia last fall was the starting point of almost everything of worth that I have done."5 What Toomer saw in Georgia was not the urban black of his home city of Washington, but the rural black peasant living off the land, the sweet land of cane, the dark land of lynching, a soft land of folk song and red earth in contrast to Washington's jazz and concrete. Toomer viewed this land with excitement, and much of Cane, published in 1923, was inspired by his Southern experience in Sparta, called Sempter in his book. Nevertheless, by the mid-twenties, when the Harlem Renaissance was in full flower, Toomer had abandoned black writing and had traveled to Europe in pursuit of the mystical wisdom of Georges I. Gurdjieff.6 Although Cane is the fruit of his enthusiasm for rural black culture, even as he was writing the book, Toomer felt he was depicting a culture that was dying,7 and after the publication of Cane, he gave up his attempts at depicting black life in his creative work. Cane, however, is not Toomer's only piece of black writing: Balo and Natalie Mann, neither as artistically
Hot phonon dynamics in graphene.

The dynamics of hot phonons in supported, suspended, and gated monolayer graphene was studied by using time-resolved anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. We found that the hot phonon relaxation is domin...
Implementation of an Oxygen Weaning Protocol for Children Hospitalized with Respiratory Illnesses

Variation in the practice of weaning supplemental oxygen may lead to prolonged length of stay due to inefficient clinical processes. At our institution, we identified a great variation in weaning practice, especially at nighttime. We aimed to decrease hospital length of stay for children with respiratory illnesses requiring oxygen therapy by 20% in 6 months. A multidisciplinary quasi-experimental quality improvement study began at our large academic tertiary care children's hospital on 2/2014 and is currently ongoing. …
Specialized tarsal hairs on adult male Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), hamper its locomotion on smooth surfaces

Tarsi of male Colorado potato beetles adhere to glass and plastic surfaces limiting locomotion greatly. This is not observed with females. Scoop-like tarsal hairs present only in males are responsible for the adherence. The effect of this morphological difference on toxicological or behavioral research conducted in glass or plastic cages is discussed.
Beliefs about Supporting Mothers to Exclusively Breastfeed for 6 Months An Elicitation Study of Health Professionals Working in Maternal-Child Health Clinics in Nairobi, Kenya

Background:Exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low in Kenya and determinants influencing mothers’ practice are documented. Little is known about factors underlying health professionals’ intention ...
THE STUDY ON ULTRASTRUCTURES OF GAP JUNCTION OF MAMMALIA EMBRYONAL MYOCYTES

The ultrastructures of gap junction(GJ)of embryonal myocytes of rabbits and rats are studied by ultramicrotomy.It is found that:1).There is a kind of gap junction associated vesicle(GJAV)in embryonal myocytes.2).There are two kinds of assembled GJ,cylindrical and lineal;and it is clear that some GJAVs are concatenating to make a cylindrical GJ.These observations are the same with the previous observa- tions that be found in many kinds of mature and newborn mammalia myo- cytes.According to these observations,the characteristics of assemble GJ in myocytes is analysed and probed.
Evaluating Information Visualization via the Interplay of Heuristic Evaluation and Question-Based Scoring

In an instructional setting it can be difficult to accurately assess the quality of information visualizations of several variables. Instead of a standard design critique, an alternative is to ask potential readers of the chart to answer questions about it. A controlled study with 47 participants shows a good correlation between aggregated novice heuristic evaluation scores and results of answering questions about the data, suggesting that the two forms of assessment can be complementary. Using both metrics in parallel can yield further benefits; discrepancies between them may reveal incorrect application of heuristics or other issues.
TPOP-II: Tritium Fueling at a Reactor Scale

As part of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) plasma fueling development program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory has fabricated a pellet injection system to test the mechani...
Exploring body appreciation and women’s health-related quality of life: The moderating role of age

This study explored relationships between body appreciation, health-related quality of life, and age, in an age-diverse sample of 289 women in the United States. Linear regression indicated the relationship between body appreciation and the physical component of health-related quality of life varied by age. For women aged 36 years and older, there was a positive relationship between body appreciation and health-related quality of life; however, a negative relationship was present for other age groups. Findings have clinical implications and suggest body appreciation may buffer the decline in physical health-related quality of life that occurs as age increases.
Power-Electronics-Enabled Autonomous Power Systems: Architecture and Technical Routes

Power systems are going through a paradigm change from centralized generation to distributed generation and further on to smart grids. In this paper, it is shown that future power systems will be power electronics based, instead of electric machines based, with a huge number of incompatible players and that the fundamental challenge behind this paradigm change is how to make sure these players could work together and maintain system stability. Then, a lateral architecture based on the synchronization mechanism of synchronous machines (SM), which has underpinned the growth and operation of power systems for over 100 years, is proposed to unify the integration and interaction of these players with the grid by operating power electronic converters to behave like virtual synchronous machines (VSM), which are coined cyber synchronous machines (CSM) here. Thus, all the suppliers and the majority of loads can follow the same mechanism to regulate system stability. This paves the way for autonomous operation of future power systems. Moreover, two technical routes, one based on the synchronverter technology and the other based on the robust droop control technology, are proposed to implement the architecture. Real-time simulation results are presented to illustrate the operation of such a system.
Forecasting Exchange Rates with Generalized Principal Components

We extract principal components from a panel of 17 exchange rates and use the deviations from the components to forecast future exchange rate movements, following the idea in Engel, Mark, and West (2015). Instead of using the standard method, we apply a generalized principal components analysis that captures temporal and cross-sectional variation and covariation among the exchange rates. We find that the method dominates forecasts by existing standard methods and random walk, with or without including macroeconomic fundamentals.
Evaluation of Structural Relationships in Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Models Under Longitudinal Approximate Invariance:A Bayesian Analysis

To infer longitudinal relationships among latent factors, traditional analyses assume that the measurement model is invariant across measurement occasions. Alternative to placing cross-occasion equality constraints on parameters, approximate measurement invariance (MI) can be analyzed by specifying informative priors on parameter differences between occasions. This study evaluated the estimation of structural coefficients in multiple-indicator autoregressive cross-lagged models under various conditions of approximate MI using Bayesian structural equation modeling. Design factors included factor structures, conditions of non-invariance, sizes of structural coefficients, and sample sizes. Models were analyzed using two sets of small-variance priors on select model parameters. Results showed that autoregressive coefficient estimates were more accurate for the mixed pattern than the decreasing pattern of non-invariance. When a model included cross-loadings, an interaction was found between the cross-lagged es...
Cerebellar Ataxia: Torque Deficiency or Torque Mismatch Between Joints?

Prior work has shown that cerebellar subjects have difficulty adjusting for interaction torques that occur during multi-jointed movements. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this de...
History, Culture, Emergence Informing Learning Designs

New understandings about learning are reconceptualizing our definition of what it means to know. It is also increasing our questions about how knowledge materializes. What becomes eminently clear is that knowing and learning is a complex process. Kelly and Sezen refer to this complexity as they discuss the shift from an individual to a social view of learning. Their chapter Activity, Discourse, Meaning reflects upon the shift in science education to articulate potential new research directions for the field. The chapter describes that these prospective directions arise from the movement away from behaviorist models and toward constructivist ones. These research trajectories are not only an outgrowth of this shift, but also a reflection of the limitations of conceptual change theory. Rather than offer a comprehensive research direction for science education, Kelly and Sezen highlight three particular themes. These include examining knowing as developing within a contextualized set of practices that include thinking, acting, or speaking, attending to the social and personal construction of learners’ identities and finally, questioning whose and what knowledge is true, correct, and privileged.
Infinite generation of automorphism groups

Let G(n) be the free group of finite rank n in a variety V. Since 1982, it has been known that Aut G(n), the automorphism group of G(n), may not be finitely generated for certain n. But is it always true that Aut G(n) is finitely generated for all but a few number of dimensions n? Might this be the case if we restrict the variety V to be locally solvable? Until now, no examples to the contrary were known, and if we require G(n) to be torsion free for almost all n, the questions remain unanswered. Below we shall exhibit varieties for which Aut G(n) is infinitely generated for every n 2: 2. In order to place these results in context and discuss certain unsolved problems, we first discuss the state of knowledge concerning the automorphism groups.
Introduction to Longitudinal Stability

This chapter focuses on the concept of longitudinal stability. Most of the flying qualities discussed in the chapter relate to the ease with which the pilot closes the loop. They are broadly divided into static and dynamic characteristics. The former involves mainly the relations between control deflection and force to trim the aircraft in steady equilibrium flight conditions of various sorts. Dynamic response refers to the character of aircraft motions following disturbances from equilibrium. All these properties of the airplane must be related, for analysis, to Newton's laws of dynamic motion. Only at speeds encountered in space flight can the differences that result from rotation and motion of the earth is significant. These inertia forces and moments are needed in the six applications of Newton's law to motion components along and about the coordinate axes. The other forces and moments are the external ones as a result of aerodynamics and gravity. The six sums of all, equal to zero, yield differential equations that can be solved for the desired characteristics. Problems in stability and control amount to solutions, in one way or another, of these six equations of motion. If the airplane is symmetrical, it is conceptually legitimate to consider pure longitudinal motions. The problems of dynamic stability and response, emphasizing characteristic transients, require the solution of simultaneous differential equations.
Resilience attenuates the association between neurocognitive functioning and everyday functioning in individuals aging with HIV in the Deep South

OBJECTIVES Adults aging with HIV are at risk for poorer neurocognitive and daily functioning. Identifying factors to protect such outcomes is a significant research priority. The aim of this study was to explore the role of resilience in cognitive and everyday functioning in a largely African American and low socioeconomic status sample of adults and older adults with HIV in the Deep South. METHODS/DESIGN In this cross-sectional study 100 HIV+ middle-aged and older adults (range 40-73; 61% aged 50+) completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery along with self-reported measures of resilience and everyday functioning. RESULTS Higher resilience was associated with better global neurocognitive functioning (rho = 0.31, P < 0.01), as well as better functioning in all domains (verbal fluency, executive functioning, speed of information processing, learning, working memory) except recall and motor skills. Resilience was also significantly associated with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) dependence, with lower resilience observed in those with IADL dependence compared with those who were IADL independent (P < 0.01). In a multiple regression adjusting for data-driven covariates (verbal IQ, income, depression), and global neurocognitive impairment, resilience was the only significant (P = 0.02) correlate of IADL dependence. A follow-up mediation showed that the direct relationship between neurocognitive functioning and IADL declines was fully attenuated after accounting for shared variance with resilience. CONCLUSIONS Resilience is associated with better cognitive and functional outcomes in people aging with HIV. While further work is needed to understand these associations over time, results suggest interventions to build resilience may promote successful aging in this vulnerable population.
VAStream: A Visual Analytics System for Fast Data Streams

Processing high-volume, high-velocity data streams is an important big data problem in many sciences, engineering, and technology domains. There are many open-source distributed stream processing and cloud platforms that offer low-latency stream processing at scale, but the visualization and user-interaction components of these systems are limited to visualizing the outcome of stream processing results. Visual analysis represents a new form of analysis where the user has more control and interactive capabilities either to dynamically change the visualization, analytics or data management processes. VAStream provides an environment for big data stream processing along with interactive visualization capabilities. The system environment consists of hardware and software modules to optimize streaming data workflow (that includes data ingest, pre-processing, analytics, visualization, and collaboration components). The system environment is evaluated for two real-time streaming applications. The real-time event detection using social media streams uses text data arriving from sources such as Twitter to detect emerging events of interest. The real-time river sensor network analysis project uses unsupervised classification methods to classify sensor network streams arriving from the US river network to detect water quality problems. We discuss implementation details and provide performance comparison results of various individual stream processing operations for both stream processing applications.
Subatmospheric Pressure Microsecond Spark Discharge Plasma Jet for Surface Decontamination

For safe handling and transport, the exterior surfaces of a container used to collect microorganisms should be disinfected. Though conventional methods are highly reliable, they could damage the container or destroy the contents, rendering the collection of microorganisms pointless. In this paper, a pulsed subatmospheric pressure microsecond spark discharge plasma jet, referred to as a pin-to-hole discharge (PHD), was used as a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) for the sterilization of inoculated surfaces with limited thermal impact. A device was created to generate an overlapped region of treatment on a cylindrical body from an array of these PHDs. The surface was inoculated with vegetative bacteria (Escherichia coli), sporulated bacteria (Bacillus atrophaeus), or a simulated dirt and spore solution and then treated with the plasma array. Gas composition effects on the bacterial load reduction were explored, and the combination of RONS from air was found to be an improvement of the effects from pure oxygen. Increasing treatment time caused an increase in bacterial load reduction, regardless of the distance or gas composition. Treatment of simulated soil inoculation showed suppressed sterilization results which asserted the fact that addition of UV radiation from the discharges improved bacterial inactivation from PHDs. The radial array of pulsed subatmospheric pressure microsecond spark discharges was shown to reduce the bacterial load on the inoculated surface by 5-log within 20 min of treatment from a discharge in air.
The Last Refuge of Scoundrels: The Problem of Truth in a Time of Lying

This essay addresses the problem of truth today in light of the common belief, especially among progressives, that we have entered a post-truth age, as well as of the frequent claim that our post-truth society is the fault of postmodernists and their challenge to the objectivity of truth. The essay does not resolve the strategic question whether the post-truth argument is, as a purely tactical political matter, an effective approach to respond to the onslaught of misrepresentations and lies by President Donald Trump and the New Right. Instead, it explores the post-truth argument from a more synoptic perspective regarding the age-old questions surrounding truth and illusions.
Solar Energy Education Through a Cloud-Based Desktop Virtual Reality System

The sustained growth of the solar energy industry has created the need to formalize solar energy education. This paper elucidates a novel, cloud-based, virtual reality (VR) pedagogical system that provides students with the fundamentals of solar or Photovoltaic (PV) cells, solar (PV) modules, and solar (PV) array installation configurations. The VR system was developed using Unity3d software and was integrated with a Learning Management System (LMS). The system was hosted on the Google Cloud Platform. Students/users accessed the VR system using a standard web browser, making it widely accessible. The VR system consisted of self-guided laboratory modules covering electrical engineering fundamentals of solar (PV) cells such as output power losses as a function of finger length, width, depth, and spacing. Additionally, series and parallel solar (PV) cell connections to create desired voltage and current output, and orientation/tilt considerations of solar (PV) array installations were covered. Physics models to incorporate realistic solar energy behavior were programmed in the VR system. Live graphs showing how parameters affected total power output provided instant feedback to students. An adaptive formative assessment system that tested students’ application of electrical engineering fundamentals along with design skills was implemented. The system was used in a first year engineering fundamentals undergraduate class to make solar energy education accessible to early state engineering students. Data collected from the cloud system and student survey indicate growth in student engagement and students’ knowledge of introductory solar and electrical engineering topics.
Prioritization for bariatric surgery: capturing Canadian patient preference weights using a discrete choice experiment

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for adults affected by obesity. Demand is greater than supply and a prioritization system for patients is needed. Objective Clinical practice guidelines recommends bariatric surgery as a management strategy for adults with severe obesity (body mass index ≥40 or 35–40 kg/m2 with co-morbidities). Eligible patient's access surgery on a first-come-first-serve basis and wait times can be several years. This study quantifies patient preferences toward attributes that could be evaluated when prioritizing patients for surgery. Setting A Canada-wide study of adults living with obesity. Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted via email with a sample of Canadian adults with obesity. Six relevant attributes were identified through focus groups. Respondents completed 12 choice tasks and demographic and weight loss–related questions. A multinomial logit model was used to estimate preference weights of each attribute. Results A total of 515 individuals completed the survey. Fifty-nine percent were female, 97% made previous weight loss attempts, and 5% had bariatric surgery. On average patients prioritized individuals with significant problems with daily activities versus none (odds ratio [OR] 4.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.31–4.52); 3 existing cardiovascular co-morbidities versus 0 (OR 4.24; 95%CI 4.12–4.36); extreme impact on mental health versus no impact (OR 3.73; 95%CI 3.64–3.84); 6 other co-morbidities versus 0 (OR 3.43; 95%CI 3.31–3.55); waiting 5 versus 1 year (OR 1.59; 95%CI 1.46–1.68); and a body mass index of 60 versus 40 (OR 1.52; 95%CI 1.43–.62). Conclusion All 6 attributes were important to patients in the prioritization for bariatric surgery. However, the number of cardiovascular co-morbidities and the impact on daily activities were considered most important.
Wave Approximation of Backward Heat Equation with Ricci Flow

In this paper, we consider solutions of the backward heat equation with Ricci flow on manifolds as a type of infinite dimensional limit of solutions of a wave equation on a larger manifold with an analysis of wavefront set. Specifically, the projection of the solution of the wave equation $ \left(\frac{2t}{N} \cdot \frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial t^{2}} + \frac{tR(t, x)}{N} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} - \Delta_{\tilde{g}^{(N)}(t)} \right) u = R(t, x) $ outside its wavefront set onto $ \mathbb{R}_{t} \times M_{x, g(t)} $ solves the backward heat equation $ \partial_{t} u + \Delta_{x, g(t)} u = -R(t, x) $ within some appropriate time interval. We discuss this approximation starting from Euclidean case, and then extend to the open Riemannian manifold situation. This idea partially comes from Perelman's original papers in proving Poincare conjecture as well as Terence Tao's Notes in UCLA.
The role of smallholder woodlots in global restoration pledges – Lessons from Tanzania

Abstract In the past decade, concern for forest loss has spurred ambitious restoration goals for climatic, ecological, and livelihood benefits. Restoration activities typically rely on government-led or large-scale tree planting. A narrow focus on top-down initiatives could promote the recentralization of forestry activities and overlook important contributions by smallholders, especially in Africa. Smallholder tree planting activities are harder to track than institutional efforts. Here we quantify the extent of tree planting on smallholder woodlots in southern and eastern Tanzania, in comparison to large-scale plantations. In Google Earth Pro, we digitized all woodlots in randomly selected areas, and estimated woodlots' area, distribution, and expansion rate. We found that by year 2018, woodlots in the smallest size class (
Polysubstance use and association with opioid use disorder treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration.

AIMS To understand the role of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs), or polysubstance use, in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), this study compared patients with OUD only to those with additional SUDs and examined association with OUD treatment receipt. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective national cohort study of Veterans diagnosed with OUD (n = 65 741) receiving care from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in fiscal year (FY) 2017. MEASUREMENTS Patient characteristics were compared among those diagnosed with OUD only versus those with one other SUD (OUD + 1 SUD) and with multiple SUDs (OUD + ≥ 2 SUDs). The study examined the relationship between comorbid SUDs and receipt of buprenorphine, methadone and SUD outpatient treatment during 1-year follow-up, adjusting for patient demographic characteristics and clinical conditions. FINDINGS Among the 65 741 Veterans with OUD in FY 2017, 41.2% had OUD only, 22.9% had OUD + 1 SUD and 35.9% had OUD + ≥ 2 SUDs. Common comorbid SUDs included alcohol use disorder (41.3%), cocaine/stimulant use disorder (30.0%) and cannabis use disorder (22.4%). Adjusting for patient characteristics, patients with OUD + 1 SUD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82-0.93] and patients with OUD +≥ 2 SUDs (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.61-0.69) had lower odds of receiving buprenorphine compared with OUD only patients. There were also lower odds of receiving methadone for patients with OUD + 1 SUD (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.97)and for those with OUD + ≥2 SUDs (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74-0.84). Patients with OUD + 1 SUD (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.77-1.93) and patients with OUD + ≥2 SUDs (aOR = 3.25, 95% CI = 3.103.41) were much more likely to have a SUD clinic visit. CONCLUSIONS The majority of Veterans in the US Veterans Health Administration diagnosed with opioid use disorder appeared to have at least one comorbid substance use disorder and many have multiple substance use disorders. Despite the higher likelihood of a substance use disorder clinic visit, having a non-opioid substance use disorder is associated with lower likelihood of buprenorphine treatment, suggesting the importance of addressing polysubstance use within efforts to expand treatment for opioid use disorder.
Upgrading Your OPAC with VuFind

This presentation discusses Asbury Seminary's decision to use VuFind as a strategy for upgrading their OPAC for increased functionality and customization. VuFind is open source, which presents several challenges in support needs and technology that the administrator needs to know. It also provides many customization possibilities, making it a significant choice. It is not for everyone, but it could meet some of your needs. Ultimately, you have to make a choice that makes sense in your context.
Disparities in Laryngeal Cancer Treatment and Outcomes: An Analysis by Hospital Safety-Net Burden.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To analyze the impact of hospital safety-net burden on survival outcomes for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS From 2004 to 2015, 59,733 LSCC patients treated with curative intent were identified using the National Cancer Database. Low (LBH) 75th safety-net burden hospitals were defined by the percentage quartiles (%) of uninsured/Medicaid-insured patients treated. Social and clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis) were evaluated. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using Cox regression modeling. RESULTS There were 324, 647, and 323 hospitals that met the criteria as LBH, MBH, and HBH, respectively. The median follow-up was 38.6 months. A total of 27,629 deaths were reported, with a median survival of 75.8 months (a 5-year survival rate of 56.6%). Median survival was 83.2, 77.8, and 69.3 months for patients from LBH, MBH, and HBH, respectively (P < .0001). The median % of uninsured/Medicaid-insured patients treated among LBH, MBH, and HBH were 3.6%, 14.0%, and 27.0%, respectively. Patients treated at HBH were significantly more likely to be young, Black, Hispanic, of low income, and present with more advanced disease compared to LBH and MBH. Survival was comparable for LBH and MBH (HR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97-1.07, P = .408) on multivariate analysis. HBH, compared to LBH patients, had inferior survival (HR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01-1.13, P = .023). CONCLUSIONS High burden safety-net hospitals receive disproportionately more patients with advanced-stage and low socioeconomic status, yielding inferior survival compared to low burden hospitals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 (individual cohort study) Laryngoscope, 131:E1987-E1997, 2021.
The impact of a closed-loop thalamocortical model on the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical and thalamic traveling waves

Propagation of activity in spatially structured neuronal networks has been observed in awake, anesthetized, and sleeping brains. How these wave patterns emerge and organize across brain structures, and how network connectivity affects spatiotemporal neural activity remains unclear. Here, we develop a computational model of a two-dimensional thalamocortical network, which gives rise to emergent traveling waves similar to those observed experimentally. We illustrate how spontaneous and evoked oscillatory activity in space and time emerge using a closed-loop thalamocortical architecture, sustaining smooth waves in the cortex and staggered waves in the thalamus. We further show that intracortical and thalamocortical network connectivity, cortical excitation/inhibition balance, and thalamocortical or corticothalamic delay can independently or jointly change the spatiotemporal patterns (radial, planar and rotating waves) and characteristics (speed, direction, and frequency) of cortical and thalamic traveling waves. Computer simulations predict that increased thalamic inhibition induces slower cortical frequencies and that enhanced cortical excitation increases traveling wave speed and frequency. Overall, our results provide insight into the genesis and sustainability of thalamocortical spatiotemporal patterns, showing how simple synaptic alterations cause varied spontaneous and evoked wave patterns. Our model and simulations highlight the need for spatially spread neural recordings to uncover critical circuit mechanisms for brain functions.
A Model for Clinical Supervision in the Field of Therapeutic Recreation: The APIE/D Model of Clinical Supervision

Clinical supervision in the field of therapeutic recreation is emphasized as part of the internship experience, but is not widely provided to practicing CTRSs beyond that time. While the American Therapeutic Recreation Association does not address clinical supervision in its Standards for Practice, the National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification notes clinical supervision as part of its Job Analysis. In order to yield improved client outcomes, improved wellness in direct-care CTRSs, and improved clinical skills, a model for clinical supervision for CTRSs is proposed. Due to the familiarity that all CTRSs have with the APIE/D process of recreation therapy practice, the authors suggest implementing the APIE/D model of clinical supervision with practicing CTRSs.
Hierarchy Table of Indicators and Measures for the Current Status Assessment of Urban Roads in Smart Cities

Abstract Urban roads integrated with modern, innovative technologies (called advanced systems) serve as one of the primary service areas to support the function of a smart city. The extensive experience with the benefits that these advanced urban roads provide informs decision-makers toward efficient investments in advanced systems for urban roads. However, there is no tool designed to evaluate the developmental status of urban roads in a smart city. Therefore, this study has developed a hierarchy table of indicators and measures specific to assessing the current status of urban road innovation for smart cities. A keyword network analysis was used to develop the hierarchy table. The procedures take three phases: data preparation, data analysis, and hierarchy table development. As a result, the hierarchy table includes 53 measures in 14 indicators connected to the five smart city components (e.g., environment, mobility, governance, economy, and living). The hierarchy table can be used for city officials to assess the current status of urban roads in the transition of a smart city, which leads to an explicit investment decision on urban road innovation. The procedures presented in this study can be adapted to develop indicators and measures for other service areas necessary for a smart city.
Should we expect the Baldridge award to predict a company's financial success?. Lessons from the financial performance of excellent firms

Abstract While the Baldridge Award has been dominating management thinking and behavior since the late 1980s, studies that attempted to identify determinants of corporate excellence such as In Search of Excellence dominated management thinking and behavior in the early 1980s. Based on the financial performance of excellent companies, this article explores whether we should expect the Baldridge Award to be a predictor of the financial success of a firm. The article argues that such an expectation is unjustified and calls for a longitudinal study to examine the relationship between total quality management and the financial success of a firm.
The Oberon System: User Guide and Programmer's Manual

This is the complete guide and reference to 'The Oberon System' designed by Wirth and Gutknecht at ETH, Zurich. Featuring a user guide, a description of the module library and a programming guide, this book also contains a wealth of practical real-world examples and illustrations.
Behavior of Cu0.6Al0.4 films at the SiO2 interface

Abstract The interaction of a sputter-deposited Cu0.6Al0.4 film with SiO2 (Cu0.6Al0.4/SiO2) is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) capability. The data indicate that aluminum segregates to the SiO2 interface and becomes oxidized. The formation of the aluminum oxide at the interface results in stronger chemical interaction of copper with the substrate. For copper coverages less than ∼0.31 ML (based on a Cu/O atomic ratio), only Cu(I) formation is observed. At higher coverages, Cu(0) is observed. The change in slope is coincident with the change in copper oxidation state. The adhesion behavior of copper in the Cu0.6Al0.4/SiO2 case is similar to that of copper metal sputter-deposited onto α-Al2O3(0001). These data are in contrast with the observed behavior of copper metal deposited onto SiO2 (Cu/SiO2). The data for Cu/SiO2 show that copper does not wet SiO2 and forms 3-D nuclei. Furthermore, post-annealing experiments performed on Cu0.6Al0.4/SiO2 show that neither de-wetting nor diffusion of copper occurs for temperatures up to 800 K. The data indicate that aluminum alloyed with copper at the SiO2 interface serves as an effective adhesion promoter and thermal diffusion barrier.
CD5+ persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in a male.

Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with binucleate lymphocytes is a rare lymphopro-liferative syndrome of uncertain cause that is strongly associated with HLA-DR7 positivity, cigarette smoking, and female sex. As yet, there is no explanation for the strong sex predilection. We report the third case of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in a male. Other notable findings in this case are lack of HLA-DR7 and strong positive CD5 markers in the polyclonal B-cell population. To our knowledge, CD5 expression has not been mentioned or reported in association with this syndrome.
USE OF CORE-MEASURED FRACTURE PATTERNS IN EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION STRATEGY

Optimum results are obtained from core fracture studies when the core can be oriented. There are two approaches to core orientation: downhole orientation and surface orientation. Downhole core orientation is most End_Page 143------------------------------ suitable for cores cut in formations where bedding is not visible. Drawbacks are encountered in highly fractured formations. Highly fractured cores are most effectively oriented at the surface provided that the bedding is visible or that other directional core parameters, such as paleomagnetic properties, can be measured. The fold fracture classification presented differentiates between fracture systems associated with folds that result from horizontal compressive stress systems and those that result from vertical diapiric uplift. Each type of fold is characterized by two dominant fracture patterns. Fracture patterns 1 and 2 occur in association with compressive folds, and fracture patterns P and R are associated with diapiric structures. Potentially, each fracture pattern consists of an extension and two conjugate shear fractures. All four fracture patterns result from stresses generated during the folding process. Fracture patterns 2, P, and R result from extension parallel to the bedding, and are best developed where bed curvature is greatest. Analysis of core-measured fracture patterns is best effected by plotting the poles to the fractures, with bedding plane orientation, on a stereographic projection. The fracture patterns distinguished can then be projected to other parts of the structure or to adjacent structures. Areas of maximum fracture potential can be distinguished by calculation of both cross-sectional and planar bed curvature. End_of_Article - Last_Page 144------------
ROCK I Has More Accurate Prognostic Value than MET in Predicting Patient Survival in Colorectal Cancer

Background Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States despite improvements in incidence rates and advancements in screening. The present study evaluated the prognostic value of two tumor markers, MET and ROCK I, which have been noted in other cancers to provide more accurate prognoses of patient outcomes than tumor staging alone. Materials and methods We constructed a tissue microarray from surgical specimens of adenocarcinomas from 108 colorectal cancer patients. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression levels of tumor markers MET and ROCK I, with a pathologist blinded to patient identities and clinical outcomes providing the scoring of MET and ROCK I expression. We then used retrospective analysis of patients' survival data to provide correlations with expression levels of MET and ROCK I. Results Both MET and ROCK I were significantly over-expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, relative to the unaffected adjacent mucosa. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients' 5-year survival was inversely correlated with levels of expression of ROCK I. In contrast, MET was less strongly correlated with five-year survival. Conclusion ROCK I provides better efficacy in predicting patient outcomes, compared to either tumor staging or MET expression. As a result, ROCK I may provide a less invasive method of assessing patient prognoses and directing therapeutic interventions.
LACTOSE TOLERANCE IN RELATION TO INTESTINAL LACTASE ACTIVITY.

Summary The oral lactose tolerance test (LTT) was evaluated as a screening test for lactase deficiency. An elevation of blood glucose greater than 20 mg/100 ml above the fasting value correlated well with normal intestinal lactase activity; while a blood glucose which failed to rise more than 20 mg/100 ml above the fasting level was found only in patients with lactase deficiency. In contrast with normal subjects, most patients with lactase deficiency experienced abdominal cramps and diarrhea during the test. Although these data support the usefulness of the LTT, caution must be exercised in interpreting results since they may be influenced by other factors.
Regional differences in the induction of behavioral supersensitivity by prolonged treatment with atypical neuroleptics.

Some atypical neuroleptics have been shown to exert selective effects on the nigrostriatal or mesolimbic dopamine systems as assessed by behavioral, biochemical and electrophysiological measures. This specificity appears to occur using chronic or acute schedules of drug administration. This study examined the effect of chronic administration of haloperidol, clozapine, sulpiride and metoclopramide on stereotypy and locomotor activity elicited by direct injection of dopamine in to the striatum or nucleus accumbens, respectively. Each rat was pre-treated with a neuroleptic drug or vehicle control for 21 days. Five days after the termination of drug treatment, each rat was injected with 10 μg dopamine bilaterally, and stereotypy or locomotor activity was measured. Rats pre-treated with metoclopramide exhibited an enhanced stereotypy response, and rats pre-treated with haloperidol, clozapine or sulpiride exhibited enhanced locomotor activity compared to controls. The extent to which these results demonstrate the selective action of these drugs in sensitizing dopamine systems is discussed.
Clinical and laboratory profiles of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods Seventy-six children with RMPP and 26 children with non-refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (NRMPP), confirmed by both serology and fluorescent quantitation PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were evaluated retrospectively. Results Compared to those with NRMPP, children with RMPP were older (66.6±39.0 vs. 48.4±35.4 months, p =0.038) and had a longer duration of fever (12.7±2.6 vs. 7.5±1.8 days) and hospital stay (12.1±3.2 vs. 7.4±2.9 days). Children with RMPP presented neutrophil infiltration both in serum and BALF, as well as severe pulmonary lesions with pleural effusion. Children with RMPP had a significantly higher M. pneumoniae DNA load in BALF compared to NRMPP patients, and the M. pneumoniae load in BALF was significantly correlated with neutrophils and inversely correlated with macrophages for both the NRMPP and RMPP groups. The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (median 114.5 pg/ml, range 49.1–897.9 pg/ml) and interferon gamma (median 376.9 pg/ml, range 221.4–1997.6 pg/ml) were significantly higher in children with RMPP compared to children with NRMPP. Conclusions This study indicates that a direct microbe effect and the subsequent induced excessive host immune response contribute in part to the progression of RMPP.
On the inhibition of photosynthesis by intense light.

Abstract In strong light destruction of the photosynthetic appartus occurs. This destruction is counteracted by restorative dark reactions. The time course of photoinhibition of both the quantum yield and the photosynthetic saturation rate has first-order character and is only slightly influenced by temperature. It was shown that a photochemical inactivation of the pigment complex is involved.
Intrinsic instability and nonuniformity of plastic deformation

Abstract It has recently been concluded (Drucker and Li, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995) that in initially homogenous materials obeying a nonassociated flow rule, plastic deformation is intrinsically unstable and should proceed in a temporally discontinuous manner in the hardening regime. Examination of the physical bases of plastic (or inelastic) deformation of materials indicates that metals and alloys, as well as geomaterials, exhibit non-normality to some extent from appreciable to negligible. In metals and alloys, the effect is small and negligible for many purposes. However, is is shown here that using the observed small non-normality (Spitzig et al., 1975, 1976), the predicted critical hardening modulus for the onset of shear instability is in remarkable agreement with the observed occurrence of microshear bands (Anand and Spitzig, 1980). Furthermore, far smaller strength differential (SD) effects than previously calculated (Asaro and Rice, 1977) are required to account for the localization in single crystals. When initial inhomogeneities are taken into account, the emerging shear bands should be confined spatially as well as temporally, as observed in experiments. For exploring theoretically the propagation of such bands, it is noted that the J-integral commonly used for treating crack mechanics is also path-independent for shear bands, but for different reasons.
Intraorganizational Implementation Research: Theory and Method

The article presents a process by which qualitative case study implementation research may be cumulated. Using the concept of the hermeneutic spiral, an iterative process is employed in order to increase understanding of welfare implementation since the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. This process involves a review of recent welfare reform literature, the use of the knowing organization model (KOM) as a research frame for understanding the existing literature and the application of the KOM to primary data collected from county welfare offices in Pennsylvania.
Wave period and direction estimation in shallow water using airborne along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Motion induced by waves on the ocean surface must be removed from measurements of surface velocity made by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI-SAR) in order to estimate surface currents. We focus on the estimation of wave parameters in intermediate to shallow water depths in a challenging bathymetric environment at the mouth of the Columbia River. We compare the ATI-SAR wave parameter measurements with in situ measurements made by a wave buoy offshore of the mouth. For all but two cases, we find that the estimated wave direction and wave period differs by less than 50° and 1.25 s respectively from the buoy measurement.
Liver transplantation across abo blood groups

Six hundred seventy-one first, second and third orthotopic liver allografts in 520 patients were reviewed to determine the effect of donor-recipient mismatches or incompatibilities for the ABO blood groups on graft survival. A significant advantage for ABO donor-recipient identity was found, especially in adults for first grafts. However, a surprisingly large number of ABO incompatible grafts were successful. We recommend that nonidentical or incompatible grafts be limited to patients such as small children for whom the supply of available donors is severely limited for patients in urgent need of transplantation or retransplantation.
The steady state Stefan problem with convection

For steady-state Stefan problems with convection in the fluid phase governed by either the Stokes equations or the Navier Stokes equations, and with adherence of the fluid on all boundaries, the existence of a weak solution is obtained via the introduction of a temperature dependent penalty term in the fluid flow equation together with application of various compactness arguments.