cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activity associated with coronal mass ejections at solar minimum - SMM observations from 1984-1986

Seventy-three coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the coronagraph aboard SMM between 1984 and 1986 were examined in order to determine the distribution of various forms of solar activity that were spatially and temporally associated with mass ejections during solar minimum phase. For each coronal mass ejection a speed was measured, and the departure time of the transient from the lower corona estimated. Other forms of solar activity that appeared within 45 deg longitude and 30 deg latitude of the mass ejection and within +/-90 min of its extrapolated departure time were explored. The statistical results of the analysis of these 73 CMEs are presented, and it is found that slightly less than half of them were infrequently associated with other forms of solar activity. It is suggested that the distribution of the various forms of activity related to CMEs does not change at different phases of the solar cycle. For those CMEs with associations, it is found that eruptive prominences and soft X-rays were the most likely forms of activity to accompany the appearance of mass ejections.
Parthenogenetic production of fertile Cleistothecia in Nannizzia incurvata stockd. Under the influence of Chrysosporium species

The parthenogenetic elicitation of mature, fertile asci and ascospores inNannizzia incurvata,Stockd. (Sabouraudia,1: 46, 1961) and inMicrosporon gypseum,Guiart &Grigoraki, 1928 by mating them withChrysosporium species is described. The same effect was obtained when culture filtrate ofChrysosporium species alone was used instead of the living fungus. In ascospore-derivatives (ascoagarblock) profound morphological changes were observed as to the shape and size of the macro- and microconidia. The peridial ornaments showed alone or in mixture those ofNannizzia fulva, Nannizzia gypsea along with the ornaments ofNannizzia incurvata. The derivatives of parthenogenetic ascospores were different from the mother-species macro- and microscopically and remained such through many generations as stable mutants.
Mechanical Stress Regulates Syndecan-4 Expression and Redistribution in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Syndecan-4 is a unique membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan that colocalizes with integrin heterodimers in focal adhesion complexes. Because focal adhesions serve as a putative mechanotransduction system, we postulated that physical forces that are sensed by focal adhesions may regulate the expression and intracellular distribution of syndecan-4 and thereby modulate cell movement and orientation. In this report, syndecan-4 was identified as a transcriptionally regulated, immediate-early gene in response to the application of oscillatory stress. This fluctuation was associated with coordinate changes in the concentration and compartmentalization of syndecan-4 proteins. Specifically, syndecan-4 was lost from the dorsal aspect of the cell membrane and translocated from its intracellular pool to the ventral cell surface. Dissociation of syndecan-4 and vinculin from focal adhesions may contribute to promoting cell motility, because overexpression of syndecan-4, in part, blocked this dissociation and also retarded mechanical stretch-induced cell migration. These studies suggest that mechanical stress induces cell locomotion, in part, by the dynamic regulation of syndecan-4 expression and relocation.
How feminist is the ‘feminist capital’?

Abstract San Jose, in California's Silicon Valley, is the self-proclaimed ‘feminist capital of the United States’ and, along with Santa Clara County, has a female majority on its council. This article describes the rise of San Jose's women to positions of power and their impact on public policy.
Research toward malaria vaccines

Malaria exacts a toll of disease to people in the Tropics that seems incomprehensible to those only familiar with medicine and human health in the developed world. The methods of molecular biology, immunology, and cell biology are now being used to develop an antimalarial vaccine. The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria have many stages in their life cycle. Each stage is antigenically distinct and potentially could be interrupted by different vaccines. However, achieving complete protection by vaccination may require a better understanding of the complexities of B- and T-cell priming in natural infections and the development of an appropriate adjuvant for use in humans.
Sources of variation in milk urea nitrogen in Ohio dairy herds.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of variation in milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentrations attributable to test-day, individual cow, and herd effects and to describe factors associated with MUN measurements in Ohio dairy herds. The data came from 24 Holstein herds, half of which were classified as low producing (LP) [rolling herd average (RHA) milk production 10,433 kg). MUN concentration was measured from cow's monthly test-day milk samples. The data were analyzed using multilevel modeling technique in MLwiN, separately for LP and HP herds. The unadjusted mean MUN was 13.9 mg/dl for the HP herds and 11.3 mg/dl for the LP herds. The variance structure was different between the two groups. Most of the variability was found at test-day level in the LP herds, but at herd level in HP herds. MUN was lowest during the first month of lactation, and also season was associated with MUN in both groups. Test-day milk yield, milk fat percentage, and SCC were associated with MUN in the HP herds. With significant explanatory variables in the model, proportionally more of the variation was explained at herd level and less at test day level in both groups. Lower variability in MUN between test days in the HP herds may indicate more consistent day-to-day feeding and management within a herd. The great variability between test days should be considered when interpreting MUN and samples should be collected at the same time of the day to minimize day-to-day variability.
Insight and prefrontal cortex in first-episode Schizophrenia

Few studies have investigated the neurobiological basis of impaired insight in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia. However, the relationship between insight and specific prefrontally mediated cognitive functions suggests that insight deficits may be an expression of prefrontal cortical dysfunction. This study was designed to examine the relationship among insight, neurocognition, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) volumes in first-episode antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia subjects. DLPFC volumes were compared between 35 first-episode schizophrenia subjects with good (n = 17) and poor insight (n = 18). Morphometric measurements were based on MRI scans by trained raters blind to clinical information. First-episode schizophrenia subjects with poor insight showed decreased right DLPFC volumes relative to those with good insight. In addition, those with poor insight had higher levels of perseverative errors (PEs) on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST). No differences in other neuropsychological measures were found between the good and poor insight groups. Similarly, no differences were found between schizophrenia subjects with good versus poor insight on any of the psychopathological measures employed in this study. These findings suggest that poor insight in schizophrenia may be a function of specific prefrontally mediated neurocognitive deficits rather than a global impairment in neuropsychological functioning or different profiles of psychopathology.
How Do Race and Hispanic Ethnicity Affect Nursing Home Admission? Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

Discussion. Our findings indicate that substantial racial and ethnic v ariations in nursing home admission continue to exist and that Hispanic use is particularly low. We argue that these differences may demonstrate a significant underuse of nursing homes for racial and ethnic minorities. Alternatively, they could signify different preferences for nursing home care, perhaps due to unmeasured cultural factors or structural obstacles.
Upstream particles and waves

On the 15th and 16th of April 1980, about 50 scientists from eight countries, mostly those associated with the International Sun-Earth Explorer (Isee) spacecraft, held a workshop at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on the ‘Particles and Waves Upstream from the Earth's Bow Shock.’ The existence of these particles and waves has been known for some 10 years, but it is only recently that their geophysical and astrophysical importance has become fully appreciated. This is partly a result of the development of improved observational techniques and partly due to a growing appreciation of the physical concepts involved. Furthermore, through a series of workshops the community of Isee scientists has developed a cooperative investigative approach which has proved to be essential to the creation of a synoptic picture that is amenable to detailed theoretical interpretation. Through these workshops they have attempted to bring together all the pieces of evidence necessary to form a coherent picture.
The Orbital and Absolute Magnitude Distributions of Main Belt Asteroids

We have developed a model-independent analytical method for debiasing the four-dimensional (a,e,i,H) distribution obtained in any asteroid observation program and have applied the technique to results obtained with the 0.9 m Spacewatch telescope. From 1992 to 1995 Spacewatch observed ∼3740 deg2near the ecliptic and made observations of more than 60,000 asteroids to a limiting magnitude of V ∼ 21. The debiased semimajor axis and inclination distributions of main belt asteroids in this sample with 11.5 ≤H< 16 match the distributions of the known asteroids withH< 11.5. The absolute magnitude distribution was studied in the range 8 <H< 17.5. We have found that the set of known asteroids is complete to about absolute magnitudes 12.75, 12.25, and 11.25 in the inner, middle, and outer regions of the belt, respectively. The number distribution as a function of absolute magnitude cannot be represented by a single power law (10αH) in any region. We were able to define broad ranges inHin each part of the belt where α was nearly constant. Within these ranges ofHthe slope does not correspond to the value of 0.5 expected for an equilibrium cascade in self-similar collisions (Dohnanyi 1971). The value of α varies with absolute magnitude and shows a “kink” in all regions of the belt forH∼ 13. This absolute magnitude corresponds to a diameter ranging from about 8.5 to 12.5 km depending on the albedo or region of the belt.
The delta sound system for television receivers

The delta sound system for television receivers incorporates the three features of AM compression, high-level audio output FM detection, and fundamental AM cancellation in a circuit having cost advantages. Design information is presented for the system to enable the circuit designer to specify component parts and to predict the performance. AM compression in the range of 12 to 24 db and a peak-to-peak audio output voltage of about 60 volts with cancellation of the fundamental component of the undesired AM are obtainable with readily available low-cost tubes and circuit components.
The non-Q wave myocardial infarction revisited: 10 years later

In the 10 years since our previous review of this topic, the acute coronary syndromes (Q wave myocardial infarction [QMI], non-Q wave MI [NQMI], and unstable angina) have been more clearly categorized. Many of the differences delineated between QMI and NQMI still hold: a less extensive infarction and a lower in-hospital mortality, but a larger degree of jeopardized myocardium leading to a higher incidence of reinfarction and recurrent angina. The pathophysiology of NQMI appears to be similar to that of unstable angina except for the greater incidence and extent of thrombus formation and coronary artery occlusion with NQMI. Prognostic studies have shown that ST depression and anterior infarct location are associated with a greater risk for posthospital clinical events than the findings of ST elevation and other infarct locations. Symptom-limited stress testing using electrocardiogram and thallium-201 imaging are now recommended before discharge or in the early postdischarge period, with coronary arteriography recommended for evidence of residual ischemia. Aspirin and low dose heparin should be administered on admission after NQMI to decrease further thrombus formation, and aspirin continued in the posthospital period. Diltiazem administration is recommended in NQMI without evidence of pulmonary congestion to prevent recurrent nonfatal acute myocardial infarction. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and surgical revascularization should be reserved for patients with NQMI with residual ischemia.
A quantitative study on the adhesion property of cured SU-8 on various metallic surfaces

SU-8 has received wide attention in recent years because of its application in the fabrication of high aspect ratio microstructures and devices. This negative resist is known for its excellent lithography properties using ultraviolet light source. As the microfabrication technology based on UV-lithography of SU-8 finds wide applications, a good understanding and characterization of cured SU-8 polymer on various substrate materials are therefore very important. A good adhesion on various substrate materials is essential to both the fabrication process and to the functionality of any final products that have cured SU-8 as part of the structural material. There are very limited studies reported in this important area in the literature. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental work to quantitatively study the adhesion properties of cured SU-8 on some of the most commonly used metallic surface materials. The adhesion strengths of cured SU-8 samples on Au, Ti, Cu, Cr, and Ni coated glass substrates were measured following ASTM-C633 standard. A detailed analysis of the experimental results was also provided based on the atomic structures and electron configurations of the respective metals.
A randomized trial of enema versus polyethylene glycol 3350 for fecal disimpaction in children presenting to an emergency department.

Objective This study aimed to compare efficacy of enema versus polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 for pediatric fecal impaction treatment. Methods We conducted a prospective, randomized comparison of treatments of fecal impaction in children in a pediatric emergency department (ED). Treatment arms were a single milk and molasses enema in the ED or PEG 3350 for 3 days outpatient. Telephone follow-up was done on days 1, 3, and 5. The primary outcome was main symptom improvement. Additional outcomes were stool frequency, consistency, and ease of stool passage. Treatment failures (home enema, ED return, or hospital admission) were tracked. Results Seventy-nine subjects participated (39 PEG; 40 enema). At day 1, PEG subjects were less likely to have improved main symptom (odds ratio [OR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.8) but no difference in other outcomes. Half (54%) in enema arm were reported as upset by ED therapy, whereas no children in PEG arm were upset (P Conclusions This pilot study suggests that disimpaction by enema may be superior to PEG for immediate relief of symptoms. Larger trials are needed to assess any advantage.
Culture Care Theory: A Framework for Expanding Awareness of Diversity and Racism in Nursing Education

As American society becomes increasingly diverse, and the nursing profession does not, there has been a focus on promoting both cultural competence and diversity within the profession. Although culture and diversity are widely discussed in nursing education, the issue of racism may be avoided or suppressed. Institutionalized racism within nursing education must be acknowledged and discussed before nursing education may be transformed. Madeleine Leininger's Culture Care Theory is an established nursing theory that emphasizes culture and care as essential concepts in nursing. Theoretical frameworks abound in nursing, and Culture Care Theory may be underutilized and misunderstood within nursing education. This article examines the issue of racism in nursing education and recommends Culture Care Theory as a relevant framework for enhancing both cultural competence and diversity.
Iron deficiency anemia: diagnosis and management.

Purpose of reviewIron deficiency anemia (IDA) still remains universally problematic worldwide. The primary focus of this review is to critique articles published over the past 18 months that describe strategies for the diagnosis and management of this prevalent condition.Recent findingsThe medical c
Ultrastructural modifications of spine and synapse morphology by SAP97

Synaptic scaffolding proteins from membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUK) family are implicated in synapse formation and functioning. To better understand the role of one of the proteins of this family, SAP97, we studied with electron microscopy the effects of its overexpression on spine and synapse morphology in CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Dramatic spine enlargement induced by SAP97 overexpression was accompanied by marked morphological changes, with spines enwrapping and engulfing presynaptic terminals. The size and complexity of the PSD was also significantly increased. Similar to PSD-95, SAP97 promoted formation of multi-innervated spines (MIS). In addition, both MAGUK proteins induced multiple excitatory contacts on dendritic shafts suggesting a mechanism for shaft synapse formation. Formation of MIS and shaft synapses was blocked by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. Immunochemistry revealed that overexpression of SAP97 was associated with overexpression of PSD-95 and recruitment of nNOS to the synapse. These data provide evidence for both common and distinct structural alterations produced by overexpression of SAP97 and PSD-95 and demonstrate strong interactions between these two proteins to regulate contact formation through nitric oxide signaling. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of wetland age on bird use of restored wetlands in Iowa

A goal of wetland restoration is to provide habitat for breeding populations of waterfowl and other bird species. To meet this goal, it is important to determine how birds respond to restored wetlands and which factors influence their use of restored wetlands. We examined the relationship between bird species richness and years since restoration at restored prairie wetlands in lowa. We detected 42 bird species in restored wetlands. 15 of which were breeding species. The mean number of breeding bird species was significantly greater in older restored wetlands (4.3 species in 1-year-old wetlands, 7.2 species in 4-year-old wetlands,p=0.005). The mean number of all bird species, waterfowl species, and breeding waterfowl species did not change with wetland age. Total and breeding bird species richness increased with percent cover of emergent vegetation. Waterfowl species richness and breeding waterfowl species richness were influenced more by wetland area than vegetation characteristics, whereas total species richness and breeding bird species richness were influenced more by vegetation characteristics. If the goal of restoration is simply to provide a breeding site for waterfowl, our data suggest that this can be done in a few years. However, we favor longterm restorations. Such restorations are more likely to have a more diverse bird community that more closely resembles those found in natural wetlands.
Adolescents as witnesses to violence

A questionnaire, adapted from Gladstein assessed the teen's personal witnessing of certain violent acts or personal knowledge of victims of violent acts. The population as a whole personally knew more victims of violence compared to having actually witnessed violent acts. More than one-third of the surveyed population responded positively to each question about knowing victims, except with regard to victims of rape. Our study was conducted in a general adolescent medicine clinic in a large Midwestern city, and our data were compared to those of a previous study done in Baltimore, Maryland. Both studies showed similar positive responses in 10 of the 18 items surveyed. Further study is needed to determine the potential impact of this widespread exposure to violence on psychosocial functioning.
Can real-time cmr provide adequate morphologic or functional data? A real-time CMR/SSFP comparison trial

The objective of this trial was to assess the accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images obtained via real-time CMR (RT-CMR) (GE: MR Echo) imaging sequences in comparison to steady-state free precession (SSFP).
Special cases of a matrix exponential formula

Abstract Some low dimension or low rank cases of a formula for a product of exponentials of matrices are studied using eigenvalue considerations. Counterexamples to certain natural conjectures involving a product of matrix exponentials are also given, and comments relating to certain recently discovered exponential identities are included.
The Impacts of the Cascading Style Sheet Standard on Mobile Computing

By design, mobile computing aims to support numerous expressions of varying interfaces, contexts, and automation. Thus, as mobile computing becomes more prevalent, it is important that designers build systems in support of as many as possible unique, in-use, and user-defined characteristics. We explore these requirements and propose to support them with two existing standardized technologies: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and cascading style sheets (CSS). Whereas we investigate the impact of the CSS standard in the context of computing in general and mobile computing in particular, we also focus on two emerging roles of this standard: device independence and usability. Our findings suggest that the application of the CSS standard can improve data delivery across independent devices with varied bandwidth and resource availability, thereby providing device independence and improved usability, respectively. We demonstrate that through their effect on device independence and usability, CSS plays an important role in the evolution, expansion, and openness of mobile computing.
Bimodal Inverted Bell Grade Distribution: Implications for Instruction and Student Retention

College student attrition rates remain constant despite institution level efforts. This retrospective archival study examined how individual instructors at the course level might impact academic success and retention by acting on a real time at risk warning system. Five semesters of scores on the first exam in an undergraduate psychology course revealed a bimodal inverted bell grade distribution in which the majority of students, and nearly equal proportion, performed high (earned A or B) or low (earned D or F). Study 1 (N = 310) distinguished early high performers from low performers by examining academic major, academic level, early attendance, and early quiz performance. Study 2 (N = 158) distinguished those early low performers who ultimately succeeded in the course from those who did not by also examining optional opportunities for success built into the syllabus. Findings informed five specific recommendations within the control of the instructor.
Dominant de novo mutations in GJA1 cause erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva, without features of oculodentodigital dysplasia

Genetic investigation of inherited skin disorders has informed the understanding of skin self-renewal, differentiation, and barrier function. Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP) is a rare, inherited skin disease that is characterized by transient figurate patches of erythema, localized or generalized scaling, and frequent palmoplantar keratoderma. By using exome sequencing, we show that de novo missense mutations in GJA1 (gap junction protein alpha 1) cause EKVP. The severe, progressive skin disease in EKVP subjects with GJA1 mutations is distinct from limited cutaneous findings rarely found in the systemic disorder oculodentodigital dysplasia, also caused by dominant GJA1 mutations. GJA1 encodes connexin 43 (Cx43), the most widely expressed gap junction protein. We show that the GJA1 mutations in EKVP subjects lead to disruption of Cx43 membrane localization and aggregation within the Golgi. These findings reveal a critical role for Cx43 in epidermal homeostasis, and they provide evidence of organ-specific pathobiology resulting from different mutations within GJA1.
Secondary fluorescence correction formulae for X-ray microanalysis — II Self-supporting discs

Abstract Geometric factors are derived for correction of secondary fluorescence from self-supporting thinned discs. Fluorescence is considered both when the entire 3 mm disc is exposed to the X-ray detector and when the majority of the specimen is masked by an X-ray opaque washer with a small circular aperture. Geometric factors can be expressed as a ratio of the lengths that characterize fluorescence from these discs. The geometric factors seldom exceed a few percent because self-supporting discs subtend small fractional solid angles from the perspective of the thin edge being analyzed. However, elements composing the disc are fluoresced with equal efficiency by all primary X-rays of energy higher than the ionization energy of the fluoresced element. Fluorescence of self-supporting discs is therefore qualitatively different from fluorescence of parallel-sided thin foils, wedges, and bulk specimens, for which substantial fluorescence occurs only when the energy of the fluorescing primary X-ray barely exceeds the ionization energy of the fluoresced element.
Podemos ser o (novo) Terceiro Mundo

E stou sentado aqui nesta manha (nao importa qual manha) tentando ser otimista. Quero escrever sobre como os estudos da performance e as artes performaticas podem salvar o mundo ou, pelo menos, podem ajudar a salvar o mundo. Escrevo este texto enquanto foguetes e bombas estao explodindo em Gaza e Israel; o Egito esta em tumulto, a Siria no limiar da guerra civil; os rebeldes do M23 estao fechando sobre o Congo, colocando um milhao de pessoas sob ameaca; bombardeios suicidas e assassinatos sao rotina no Iraque e Afeganistao; a guerra civil da Somalia continua o seu curso. Sunitas e xiitas tem guerreado uns contra os outros desde o martirio de Hussein ibn Ali, no ano de 680; na India, hindus assassinam muculmanos e vice-versa; o antissemitismo e predominante em muitos lugares; e nao ha muito tempo catolicos e protestantes estavam se matando mutuamente na Irlanda do Norte poucos seculos apos a dizimacao da Europa pelas guerras religiosas. O Holocausto nao e uma historia ancestral.
Lymphocyte abnormalities in infants born to drug-abusing mothers.

To evaluate the possible effects of maternal intravenous drug use on infant immunity, we measured the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen, T cell subset numbers, immunoglobulin levels, and titers of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a group of drugabusing mothers and their infants. Infants of drug abusers had a lower proliferative response to mitogen, associated with altered kinetics of the maximum response to PHA. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased with age in the drug-exposed infants compared with control infants (P
The responsiveness of heavy vehicle registrations to interstate tax differentials

Although the literature is rich on the subject of tax competition between states and regions, little analysis has been published on the responsiveness of interstate highway users to variations in vehicle registration fees and other motor vehicle taxes. While intrastate motor vehicle owners can avoid road user taxes only through tax evasion, firms engaged in interstate commerce have wide discretion in determining where to register their vehicles. Vehicle mobility and high enforcement costs, combined with the institution of registration reciprocity, give interstate motor carriers this discretion. Under registration reciprocity, a vehicle properly registered in one state can legally travel in any other state without having to pay additional registration fees. For an 80,000 pound vehicle, these annual fees presently range f rom $35 to $2200. Thus, a priori, one might expect some responsiveness to these fee differentials. Heavy vehicle registrations in a given state are responsive to differences in registration fees, sales tax rates, property taxes, and membersh ip in p ropor t i ona l regis trat ion compacts. It is the purpose of this note to report how responsive are heavy vehicle registrations in a given state to differentials in the model the carrier selects from its states of operation that state for vehicle registration which would minimize the fixed-charge component of yearly operation. Although there are no variable charge components associated with this optimal choice, the cost differential realized from a judicious selection of vehicle domicile can be affected further by interstate differences in vehicle ad-valorem taxes (most notably the property tax) and differences in motor vehicle sales tax rates and bases. One can, therefore, determine that the annual number of heavy vehicle registrations in a state is a function of the derived demand for transport services in that state and the total registration cost differential (inclusive of registration fees, ad-valorem taxes, and sales taxes) between that state and any other contiguous states connected by a motor carrier route that is common to both states. To estimate this relation, the authors use the regression equation:
DFT Studies of Oxygen Vacancies on Undoped and Doped La2O3 Surfaces

La2O3 is one of the more efficient oxide catalysts for oxidative methane coupling. In this article, we examine the extent to which methane activation can be improved by replacing a La cation in the surface layer with other cations. The purpose of these substitutional dopants is to make the oxygen atoms in their neighborhood more reactive, which makes the doped oxide a better oxidant. We examined doping the surface layer of La2O3(001) and (011) with Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Al. We have chosen dopants whose oxide formation enthalpy is less than that of La2O3. Some (Cu, Fe) are capable of having two different valence states, whereas some (Zn, Mg, Al) have only one. All of them lower substantially the energy of vacancy formation on the two faces. We use a “moderation principle” to suggest that Cu-doped La2O3 is not a good catalyst for methane activation despite lowering the energy of oxygen-vacancy formation the most. We propose that it is likely that the experimental value for the oxygen-vacancy formation energy ...
The tilting of the hydrocarbon chains in a single bilayer of phospholipid

Abstract The tilt angle of the hydrocarbon chains to the planes of a dipalmitoyl lecithin single bilayer and multilayers were estimated by the asymmetry of the electron diffraction patterns of respective hydrated specimens. The chains in a single bilayer were found to be perpendicular to the bilayer plane, whereas the chains in the multilayers were found to be tilted with respect to the normal of the plane. Thermal analysis data also supported this conclusion.
The Shattered Self: A Psychoanalytic Study of Trauma

Ulman and Brothers utilize a unique clinical research population of rape and incest victims and Vietnam combat veterans to argue that trauma results from real occurrences that have, as their unconscious meaning, the shattering of "central organizing fantasies" of self in relation to selfobject. Their innovative treatment approach revolves around the transformation of these shattered fantasies in the intersubjective context of the transference-countertransference neurosis.
Electrophysiological Effects of Long, Linear Atrial Lesions Placed Under Intracardiac Ultrasound Guidance

Background A curative atrial fibrillation procedure will most likely rely on creating transmural linear ablative lesions. However, it is currently unknown whether endocardial radiofrequency lesions can create lines of conduction block. Methods and Results In six pigs, intracardiac echocardiography was used to guide the positioning of multiple coil array catheters to bridge endocardial structures in three right atrial locations: (1) from the crista terminalis to the tricuspid annulus; (2) from the fossa ovalis to the crista terminalis; and (3) from the inferior vena cava to the tricuspid annulus. Once the catheter was positioned, linear lesions were made by radiofrequency energy applied sequentially to each of the four coils. After 15 days, the chest was opened and a 112-electrode epicardial plaque was positioned over the atrial free wall lesion to determine activation patterns. Three lesions were placed in each animal, with a mean procedure time of 47±11 minutes. Once adequate contact was determined by in...
Designing a sustainable liberal arts pedagogy for the engineers of tomorrow

ABET's EC 2000 lists “an ability to communicate effectively” as one of the criteria for engineering education programs. Here is one area where the liberal arts can make a strong contribution to the education of engineers. As they work to solve the grand challenges, engineers will have to persuade reluctant audiences that change is necessary and beneficial. Therefore, educating engineers to solve the grand challenges requires courses grounded in rhetoric. A valid criticism of writing classes is that they have taught a sterile form of writing that was inadequate in preparing engineers to solve the grand challenges. To address this issue, this presentation advocates what we define as a “pedagogy of networks.” In many scholarly disciplines and workplaces, the expert witness or subject matter expert, a product of Modern thought, continues to be a valid method of knowledge transference. However, the expert witness model is not always effective when communicating with non-engineers. As ABET points out, engineers...
Comparison of first lactations and all lactations of dams to predict sons' milk evaluations.

Abstract Multiple regression of genetic evaluations of about 170 Holstein bulls on sire, dam, and maternal grandsire genetic evaluations indicated that the partial regression coefficient for the sire is similar to the theoretical regression coefficient (.45 vs. .50), that the regression coefficient for the dam is much smaller than the theoretical regression coefficient when all records of the dam including her first are included in her evaluation (.12 vs. .35), although about as expected when only first records of the cow and her herdmates are used (.33 vs. .35), and that the regression for the maternal grandsire is larger than expected when his proof and all records of the dam are used in her evaluation (.07 vs. .00), although about as expected when his proof and only her first record is used (−.02 vs. .00). Preferential treatment of potential bull dams is a possible explanation for these results. Genetic correlations among lactations are not likely to be small enough to account for the differences in regression coefficients for the dam's genetic evaluations for all and first lactations. If conditions for selecting bull dams in the future will be similar to what they have been in the past, the conclusion is that genetic evaluations of cows from their first lactation records be used in preference to genetic evaluations from all lactation records for selection of dams of bulls.
Rapid screening of cancer margins in tissue with multimodal confocal microscopy.

Abstract Background Complete and accurate excision of cancer is guided by the examination of histopathology. However, preparation of histopathology is labor intensive and slow, leading to insufficient sampling of tissue and incomplete and/or inaccurate excision of margins. We demonstrate the potential utility of multimodal confocal mosaicing microscopy for rapid screening of cancer margins, directly in fresh surgical excisions, without the need for conventional embedding, sectioning, or processing. Materials and methods A multimodal confocal mosaicing microscope was developed to image basal cell carcinoma margins in surgical skin excisions, with the resolution that shows nuclear detail. Multimodal contrast is with fluorescence for imaging nuclei and reflectance for cellular cytoplasm and dermal collagen. Thirty-five excisions of basal cell carcinomas from Mohs surgery were imaged, and the mosaics analyzed by comparison with the corresponding frozen pathology. Results Confocal mosaics are produced in about 9 min, displaying tissue in fields of view of 12 mm with ×2 magnification. A digital staining algorithm transforms black and white contrast to purple and pink, which simulates the appearance of standard histopathology. Mosaicing enables rapid digital screening, which mimics the examination of histopathology. Conclusions Multimodal confocal mosaicing microscopy offers a technology platform to potentially enable real-time pathology at the bedside. The imaging may serve as an adjunct to conventional histopathology to expedite screening of margins and guide surgery toward more complete and accurate excision of cancer.
Three Assays Show Differences in Binding of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 to Unique Gene Sequences

Cancer-associated mutations in the p53 gene often change amino acids in the protein's DNA binding domain. We used three different binding assays specifically gel shift, DNA binding scintillation proximity assay and a streptavidin magnetic bead assay to analyze the DNA binding of the tumor suppressor p53 from 4 human cell lines with different DNA sequences from the mdm2, p21 and cyclin G genes and a mutant form of the cyclin G sequence. Treatment of MCF-7 cells having wild-type p53 with hydrogen peroxide increased the binding of p53 to DNA as detected using all three assays, but to different extents. The p53 proteins from the thyroid cancer cell lines with different p53 mutations (ARO, WRO and NPA) have comparable binding reactions in the three assays, but show different specificities for the sequences. Here we show that multiple different binding assays allow us to generate a more complete picture of the function of DNA transcription factors in diseases such as cancer.
What Matters in Recruiting Public Health Employees: Considerations for Filling Workforce Gaps

We examined factors that influence the decision to join the public health workforce. In this cross-sectional study, we used 2010 secondary data representing 6939 public health workers. Factors influencing the decision to take jobs in public health were significantly associated with specific previous employment settings. Respondents generally rated organizational factors as more influential than personal factors in terms of their decision to work in governmental public health. Leaders should consider tailoring recruitment efforts to maximize job uptake and enhance the potential for long-term retention.
Anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody in an infant rat model of Haemophilus influenzae type b sepsis and meningitis.

Five-day-old infant rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (1B6) at a dose of 2 mg/kg or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) either 1 h before or 3 or 24 h after inoculation with 10 5 cfu Haemophilus infl u e n z a e type b (Hib). When administered 1 h before infection, 23% of the 1B6- versus 17% of the PBS-treated rats and 87% of the 1B6versus 83% of the PBS-treated animals died at 24 and 48 h, respectively. There was a similar mortality for 1B6 or PBS treatment at 3 h after infection. Thirteen of 15 (87%) 1B6 animals versus 16/17 (94%) PBS animals had positive CSF cultures at 48 h. No differences in mortality were observed in separate experiments where animals received 1B6 or PBS 3 or 24 h after infection with Hib and were treated with a single ampicillin dose (100 mg/kg) 24 h after infection. The median CSF white blood cell count/mm 3 was 5627 and 4860 for the animals with meningitis receiving 1B6 and PBS, respectively, although the 1B6-treated animals had a lower percentage of polymorphonuclear cells in the CSF (P 0.05). Histologic examination of the meninges, choroid plexus and cochlea showed a slight decrease in the numbers of i n flammatory cells in animals treated with 1B6. 1B6 did not change the incidence of meningitis and only slightly decreased the degree of infl ammation within the central nervous system, although animals treated with 1B6 have an altered CSF leucocyte response with the presence of more mononuclear cells as opposed to polymorphonuc lear cells in their CSF. 1B6 may play a role in inhibiting neutrophil emigration to sites of inflammation within the central nervous system but is not beneficial in decreasing mortality in an infant rat model of H. influen zae type b sepsis and meningitis.
A neglected research approach to prevent acquired drug resistance when treating new tuberculosis patients.

The occurrence of signifi cant drug resistance in many countries, coupled with known problems in delivering directly observed therapy (DOT), calls for a re-examination of tuberculosis (TB) treatment delivery strategies. Electronic medication monitors, devices that determine when medication is removed from containers, and videophonebased strategies are being introduced to determine if they can effectively differentiate 1) patients who are adequately adherent to self-administered treatment (SAT), 2) less reliable patients who could be successfully treated with SAT if given more intensive counseling and 3) patients who require DOT. The adherence record could be used in deciding on longer compensatory treatment when poor adherence occurs. The time saved not giving DOT to all patients could be used to retrieve defaulters. Together these components constitute a monitor-based strategy. The program could be extended to supervise the adherence of private patients to medication provided by trained and subsidized pharmacies with the physicians or, when necessary, health departments managing poorly adherent patients. When patients move, the device could transfer essential data to the new care giver. To obtain optimal results, the requirements for the best possible devices and procedures for dealing with poor adherence need to be carefully evaluated.
Deposition of MgO/Au cermet films by triode sputtering and their characterization

Cermet films, which consist of a mixture of insulator and metal microcrystals, have been suggested as a way to achieve high secondary-electron emission with good electrical conductivity in cathodes for high-power microwave tubes. We have radio frequency (rf) sputtered 75% MgO and 25% Au (mol.%) films, 4000 A thick, from composite targets in a turbopumped ultrahigh vacuum system. A triode sputtering source operated at 1.8 mTorr Ar pressure provided high deposition rates (60 A min−1) over the surface of a cylindrical cathode that was rotated slowly to insure uniform deposition. The low pressure of the triode sputtering source enabled one to operate in a region of the Thornton structure-zone diagram (J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11, 666 (1974)) conductive to the formation of densely packed grains (zone T). The cathode substrate was sputter-etched before film deposition to remove the surface oxide and contamination, and the deposited cermet was lightly sputtered afterwards with low-energy Ar ions to enhance the surface MgO concentration by preferential sputtering. The resulting films were characterized by AES and SEM as to their bulk chemical composition, surface contamination, film morphology and thickness. The deposition rate in a geometry in which a small, relatively inexpensive, disk-shaped target was used to coat a larger cylindrical substrate could be approximated by correcting an average planar deposition rate for the difference in areas. The films showed no evidence of a porous columnar structure but were finely grained and densely packed. Films deposited on Type 304 stainless-steel substrates adhered well and passed simple adhesive tape tests. The films were the same composition as the sputtering target, with no bulk C contamination or impurity migration from the substrate.
Design of an elliptical neural network with application to degraded character classification

A neural network architecture that is used to classify a set of patterns into one of a set of known classes is described. The network is comprised of a set of trainable neural processing units (neurons) that have an elliptical activation function and a set of adaptable connections. A fast training algorithm is provided for the network, which guarantees that all elements of an arbitrary training set can be correctly learned by the network in finite time. To demonstrate the network's ability to train, and its ability to quickly generalize and classify noisy test data, a network is developed to classify degraded omnifont alphanumeric machine printed characters. Using a training set of over 69000 characters and a separate test set of over 36000 characters, a classification accuracy of 97.5% with an average network throughput of 211 characters per second is achieved. >
Splenic B-1a Cells Expressing CD138 Spontaneously Secrete Large Amounts of Immunoglobulin in Naïve Mice.

B-1a cells constitutively secrete natural antibody that provides immediate protection against microbial pathogens and functions homeostatically to speed removal of apoptotic cell debris. Although B-1a cells are especially prominent in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, some B-1a cells reside in the spleen. A small subset of splenic B-1a cells in naive, unimmunized mice express CD138, a recognized plasma cell antigen, whereas the bulk of splenic B-1a cells are CD138 negative. Splenic B-1a cells in toto have been shown to generate much more antibody per cell than peritoneal B-1a cells; however, specific functional information regarding CD138+ splenic B-1a cells has been lacking. Here we find a higher proportion of CD138+ splenic B-1a cells spontaneously secrete more IgM as compared to CD138- B-1a cells. Moreover, IgM secreted by CD138+ splenic B-1a cells is skewed with respect to N-region addition, and some aspects of VH and JH utilization, as compared to CD138- splenic B-1a cells and peritoneal B-1a cells. The small population of CD138+ splenic B-1a cells is likely responsible for a substantial portion of natural IgM and differs from IgM produced by other B-1a cell subsets.
Process graph analyzer: a front end tool for VHDL behavioral synthesis

A front end for an electronic CAD system is described. The system accepts a behavioral description of a digital system design written in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), and produces the physical hardware, at the register-transfer level, needed for realizing the specified behavior. The synthesis system comprises three major subsystems: process graph analyzer, design representation, and the MIMOLA synthesis system. The process graph analyzer is an optimization and parallelization tool. It is shown how optimizing techniques used for compilers are adapted to perform a similar optimization function for hardware synthesis. Techniques are presented that extend the parallelization of sequential programs concept for doing control-state partitioning. The technique is novel because of the unique synthesis model that MIMOLA uses. It is shown how to integrate these concepts using a suitable intermediate behavioral representation called the process graph. >
Phase retrieval antenna diagnostics for bi-polar planar near-field antenna measurements

Phase retrieval methods have just recently evolved into a practical and accurate means for recovering phase information from phaseless near-field antenna measurements. The appeal of phaseless near-field measurements is due to, for example, the inability to accurately measure phase at high frequencies or the prohibitive cost of vector measurement equipment. A phase retrieval algorithm for bi-polar planar near-field measurements has recently been proposed, implemented, and successfully demonstrated using measured bipolar near-field data. In this paper, focus is turned to the antenna diagnostics problem. Measurement results are presented for a waveguide-fed slot array antenna in which an anomaly has been imposed on the aperture distribution. The phase retrieval algorithm reported previously is then applied, with no a priori knowledge of the imposed anomaly, and results are compared to the case when the phase is retained in the conventional near-field data processing.