cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matrilin-3 Induction of IL-1 receptor antagonist Is required for up-regulating collagen II and aggrecan and down-regulating ADAMTS-5 gene expression

Deletion or mutation of the gene encoding the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) protein matrilin-3 (MATN3) results in the early onset of osteoarthritis (OA), suggesting chondroprotective properties of MATN3. To understand the mechanisms underlying these properties, we determined the effects of MATN3 protein on the expression of several key anabolic and catabolic genes involved in chondrocyte homeostasis, and the dependence of such regulation on the anti-inflammatory cytokine: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The effects of recombinant human (rh) MATN3 protein were examined in C28/I2 immortalized human chondrocytes, primary human chondrocytes (PHCs), and primary mouse chondrocytes (PMCs). Messenger RNA levels of IL-1Ra, COL2A1, ACAN, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 and -5 were determined using real-time RT-PCR. Knocking down IL-1Ra was achieved by siRNA gene silencing. IL-1Ra protein levels were quantified by ELISA and the Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. COL2A1 protein level was quantified using Western blot analysis. Statistic analysis was done using the two-tailed t-test or one-way ANOVA. rhMATN3 protein induced gene expression of IL-1Ra in C28/I2 cells, PHCs, and PMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of C28/I2 cells and PHCs with MATN3 protein stimulated gene expression of COL2A1 and ACAN. Conversely, mRNA levels of COL2A1 and ACAN were decreased in MATN3 KO mice. MATN3 protein treatment inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 in C28/I2 cells and PHCs. Knocking down IL-1Ra abolished the MATN3-mediated stimulation of COL2A1 and ACAN and inhibition of ADAMTS-5, but had no effect on MATN3 inhibition of MMP-13 mRNA. Our findings point to a novel regulatory role of MATN3 in cartilage homeostasis due to its capacity to induce IL-1Ra, to upregulate gene expression of the major cartilage matrix components, and to downregulate the expression of OA-associated matrix-degrading proteinases in chondrocytes. The chondroprotective properties of endogenous MATN3 depend partly on its induction of IL-1Ra. Our findings raise a possibility to use rhMATN3 protein for anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective therapy.
Applicability of the flood‐pulse concept in a temperate floodplain river ecosystem: thermal and temporal components

Annual growth increments were calculated for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) from the lower Mississippi River (LMR) to assess hypothesized relationships between fish growth and floodplain inundation as predicted by the Flood-Pulse Concept. Variation in catfish growth increment was high for all age classes of both species, and growth increments were not consistently related to various measures of floodplain inundation. However, relationships became stronger, and usually direct, when water temperature was integrated with area and duration of floodplain inundation. Relationships were significant for four of six age classes for blue catfish, a species known to utilize floodplain habitats. Though similar in direction, relationships were weaker for flathead catfish, which is considered a more riverine species. Our results indicate the Flood-Pulse Concept applies more strongly to temperate floodplain-river ecosystems when thermal aspects of flood pulses are considered. We recommend that future management of the LMR should consider ways to ‘recouple’ the annual flood and thermal cycles. An adaptive management approach will allow further determination of important processes affecting fisheries production in the LMR. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2006 Kent Award Lecture: Is Cell Death and Replacement a Factor in Aging?

This article briefly summarizes the Kent Award Lecture I gave at the annual meeting of The Gerontological Society of America held in Dallas, Texas, in November 2006. Cell death is a normal response of cells to cytotoxic damage due to both internal and external threats, and this cell loss is normally countered by proliferation of neighboring cells and/or replacement of these cells from progenitor cell pools. Maintaining tissue homeostasis is a critical challenge during aging, and this article describes a few aspects of the dynamic cell turnover that occurs continuously in vivo, with particular reference to the adverse effects of mutations that accelerate cell death through dysfunctional DNA metabolism, and how these events might contribute to aging in general.
EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON INDIVIDUAL GROWTH OF BROWN TROUT IN STREAMS

Some studies suggest that lotic populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) are regulated through density-dependent mortality and emigration to the extent that mean growth rates of resident survivors are unrelated to trout densities. To test this, we studied the relationship between density and growth, mortality, and emigration of brown trout in two alpine streams and a set of stream channels in eastern California. We sampled trout at the scale of “segments” (5–31 m long riffles, runs, and pools) and “sections” (340–500 m in length) of Convict Creek over a 3-yr period. Trout were also sampled during 6 yr in seven 90-m sections of Mammoth Creek. For 2 yr, we manipulated trout densities in Convict Creek by removing trout from two sections and adding trout to two other sections. We also manipulated densities in seven 50-m stream channels, using a natural size distribution of trout in one year and underyearlings only in a second year. In both streams, average size (body length or mass) of underyearlings in fall...
STP and Tip Are Essential for Herpesvirus Saimiri Oncogenicity

Mutant forms of herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) subgroup C strain 488 with deletions in either STP-C488 or Tip were constructed. The transforming potentials of the HVS mutants were tested in cell culture and in common marmosets. Parental HVS subgroup C strain 488 immortalized common marmoset T lymphocytes in vitro to interleukin-2-independent growth, but neither of the deletion mutants produced such growth transformation. Wild-type HVS produced fatal lymphoma within 19 to 20 days of experimental infection of common marmosets, while HVS ΔSTP-C488 and HVS ΔTip were nononcogenic. Virus was repeatedly isolated from the peripheral blood of marmosets infected with mutant virus for more than 5 months. These results demonstrate that STP-C488 and Tip are not required for replication or persistence, but each is essential for transformation in cell culture and for lymphoma induction in common marmosets.
Core analysis with emphasis on carbonate rocks — quality assurance and control for accuracy and representativeness

Accurate and representative core data should be used as the ground truth in formation evaluation, reservoir surveillance, and other relevant geoscience applications because the measurements are more direct than estimations from other petrophysical measurements such as logs. To ensure accuracy and representativeness, the rock and fluid samples should represent the reservoir; test conditions, test equipment, and test procedures need to be fit for purpose. In addition, the core analysis program should satisfy clearly defined objectives, which, unfortunately, is not generally applied in the industry. In this paper, we discussed general core analysis data quality assurance and control, with emphasis on carbonate core analysis when applicable. We started with recommended workflows for coring and coring fluid selection, conducting routine and fit-for-purpose special core analysis tests, and core analysis fluid selection and preparation. We then provided some tips and potential pitfalls useful to know in core analysis data quality assurance and control, including core sample screening and selection, criteria used in core sample cleaning and drying, and potential issues related to test conditions and procedures. We also illustrated applications of quality-controlled core data in formation evaluation and reservoir surveillance.
Evidence from four lemur species that ringtailed lemur social cognition converges with that of haplorhine primates

Many haplorhine primates flexibly exploit social cues when competing for food. Whether strepsirrhine primates possess similar abilities is unknown. To explore the phylogenetic origins of such skills among primates, we tested ringtailed lemurs, Lemur catta, for their ability to exploit social cues while competing for food. We found that in two contexts ringtailed lemurs spontaneously approached food out of their competitor’s view. To assess whether these skills are related to the relatively complex social structure seen in ringtailed lemurs or shared more broadly across a range of strepsirrhines, we then compared ringtailed lemurs to three lemur species with less complex societies in the same food competition task (N ¼ 50 lemurs). Although all species skilfully avoided food proximate to a competitor in a pretest, only ringtailed lemurs performed above chance in the food competition task that required subjects to avoid food that an experimenter was facing in favour of one that he was not facing. We also compared all four species in a noncompetitive gaze-following task. Ringtailed lemurs were again the only species that looked up more frequently when an experimenter gazed into space than when an experimenter gazed forward (although at relatively low frequencies). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ringtailed lemurs have undergone convergent social-cognitive evolution with haplorhines, possibly as an adaptation for living in the largest and most complex social groups among strepsirrhines. Results are discussed in terms of lemur cognitive evolution as well as the social intelligence hypothesis. 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Early Triassic Trace Fossils of the Western United States and their Implications for Prolonged Environmental Stress from the End-Permian Mass Extinction

Abstract The end-Permian mass extinction left an indelible mark on trace-fossil assemblages. This is evident during the lag phase of the biotic-recovery interval that occurred in the Early Triassic. Research on the Spathian Virgin Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation, western United States, has yielded a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic trace fossil assemblage. The presence of such traces as Thalassinoides, Laevicyclus, and Gyrochorte indicate that previously unreported metazoan behaviors had reappeared in equatorial regions by the close of the Early Triassic. Whereas diversity of trace-fossil assemblages increased from earliest to late Early Triassic time, persistent small size, low average ichnofabric index, low bedding-plane coverage, and reduced tiering point to prolonged stressful environmental conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction—conditions for which there is an abundance of global sedimentological evidence. This trace-fossil assemblage provides a record of soft-bodied organisms t...
THE EYES HAVE IT: THE SIZES, SHAPES, AND ORIENTATIONS OF THEROPOD ORBITS AS INDICATORS OF SKULL STRENGTH AND BITE FORCE

ABSTRACT Using three-dimensional, digitized data of the crania and maxillary teeth of seventeen theropod dinosaurs, biomechanical analysis reveals a series of interrelated correlations between the sizes, orientations, and ellipticity (narrowness) of the orbits and the inferred mechanical properties of the skull and teeth that relate to biting. A value for the sagittal bending strength of a cranium was computed at the longitudinal position of the orbit under an assumed load applied at the longitudinal position of the longest maxillary tooth. With the area of the orbit expressed as a percentage of the total lateral area of the skull, an inverse relationship was found to exist between the area of the orbit and the bending strength of the skull. Orbits with long-axis inclination angles in the range of 150° ± 15° are associated with taxa possessing small teeth and relatively weak skulls. Orbits with inclinations in the range of 95° ± 10° are associated with taxa possessing relatively strong skulls and long and...
Trichloroethene hydrodechlorination by Pd-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles: Solute-induced catalyst deactivation analyzed by carbon isotope fractionation

Abstract Pd-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have substantially higher reactivity for reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes ( e.g. , trichloroethylene, TCE) compared to monometallic zero-valent iron nanoparticles, yet the rapid deactivation of BNPs in groundwater matrices limits their large-scale use in field applications. In spite of this shortcoming, the causes of BNP deactivation have not been clearly delineated. Stable carbon isotope fractionation measurements and product distribution analysis were used in this study to investigate the mechanisms of Pd-Fe deactivation in the presence of common groundwater solutes. Based on the apparent TCE degradation rates and at a constant solute concentration of 5 mM (except for humic acid, which was dosed at 20 mg/L), Pd-Fe BNPs exposed to SO 4 2− , HPO 4 2− , and humic acid solutions showed moderate declines in TCE dechlorination rates. Aging the bimetallic particles in Cl − , SO 3 2− , HCO 3 − , and NO 3 − solutions, however, resulted in excessive or complete loss of TCE dechlorination reactivity. Analyses of the isotope fractionation associated with TCE hydrodechlorination ( e T C E H D C ) as well as the yield of ethane over other dechlorination products suggest at least four distinctive causes of deactivation: (i) aging the BNPs in deionized water and humic acid induces surface passivation due to buildup of mineral or organic carbon deposits; (ii) SO 3 2− and Cl − ions interact specifically with Pd sites and disable the catalyst functions; (iii) NO 3 − and HCO 3 − inhibits iron corrosion, thereby limiting the production of H 2 as the precursor of reactive hydrogen species, and (iv) selective deactivation of surface sites involved in ethene hydrogenation was observed for BNPs aged in SO 4 2− and HPO 4 2− solutions. The findings suggest the Pd-on-Fe configuration of the bimetallic particles is susceptible to deactivation in a broader range of groundwater chemistry than previously expected.
Antimicrobial-Resistant Listeria Species From Retail Meat In Metro Detroit

A total of 138 Listeria isolates from retail meat, including 58 Listeria welshimeri, 44 Listeria monocytogenes, and 36 Listeria innocua isolates, were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility tests against nine antimicrobials. In addition, the 44 L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by serotype identification using PCR and genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Resistance to one or two antimicrobials was observed in 32 Listeria isolates (23.2%). No multidrug resistance was identified. Tetracycline resistance was the most common resistance phenotype and was identified in 22 Listeria isolates. A low prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin was also detected. L. innocua isolates demonstrated the highest overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, 36.1%, followed by 34.1% in L. monocytogenes isolates and 6.9% in L. welshimeri isolates. Serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b were identified in 19, 23, and 1 L. monocytogenes isolate, respectively. One iso...
The Intracerebral Infection of Mice with Hemophilus Influenzae as an Index of Strain Virulence and the Protective Value of Immune Serum

A great deal of controversy exists regarding the pathogenicity of Hemophilus influenzae. Most investigators have failed to produce infection in experimental animals by direct inoculation of the organism. Early workers reported negative results following experimental inoculations of animals with strains isolated from cases of epidemic influenza; if the animal died, the cause of death was usually attributed to toxemia (Pfeiffer,' Calmette2). Many investigators, notably Davis,3 Cohen,4 Ritchie,5 Wollstein6 and Wilkes-Weiss,7 observed that meningeal strains showed a greater pathogenicity. Wollsteins claimed to be able to differentiate
Allosteric effects of volatile anesthetics on the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor protein.

The acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) protein isolated from Torpedo californica possesses two binding sites for α-bungarotoxin. Although chemical modification and ligand-binding experiments have suggested that the two toxin binding sites are dissimilar, the toxin associates to its two sites on AcChR at identical rates. Incubation of AcChR-enriched membranes with volatile anesthetics and aliphatic alcohols retards the rate of association of toxin to one of its two binding sites on the high-affinity conformer of the protein. Kinetic plots of toxin binding characteristic of a single bimolecular association to AcChR become biphasic after incubation with these organic perturbants. Therefore, anesthetics and aliphatic alcohols alter the tertiary structure of the high-affinity conformer as well as stabilizing it relative to the low-affinity conformer. The differential response of the two toxin binding sites to these organic perturbants provides additional evidence of the non-equivalence of the binding loci.
Excellence Beyond Athletics: Best Practices for Enhancing Black Male Student Athletes' Educational Experiences and Outcomes

ABSTRACTPostsecondary institutions in the United States, including member institutions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), are charged with the responsibility of cultivating positive learning environments where all students have an opportunity to excel regardless of their demographic backgrounds (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, etc.). However, one subgroup of students these institutions have persistently been unable to retain and graduate at rates comparable to their peers is Black male student athletes. Previous research has cited unwelcoming campus climates, inadequate academic support, and an overemphasis on athletics as key factors that contribute to Black male student athletes' academic underperformance and negative psychosocial experiences at these institutions. The purpose of this article is to present a series of strategies and recommendations for enhancing Black male student athletes' educational experiences and holistic development at postsecondary institutions in the U.S. ...
Peer Victimization Trajectories from Kindergarten through High School: Differential Pathways for Children's School Engagement and Achievement?.

This investigation’s aims were to map prevalence, normative trends, and patterns of continuity or change in school-based peer victimization throughout formal schooling (i.e., Grades K–12), and determine whether specific victimization patterns (i.e., differential trajectories) were associated with children’s academic performance. A sample of 383 children (193 girls) was followed from kindergarten (Mage = 5.50) through Grade 12 (Mage = 17.89), and measures of peer victimization, school engagement, academic self-perceptions, and achievement were repeatedly administered across this epoch. Although it was the norm for victimization prevalence and frequency to decline across formal schooling, 5 trajectory subtypes were identified, capturing differences in victimization frequency and continuity (i.e., high-chronic, moderate-emerging, early victims, low victims, and nonvictims). Consistent with a chronic stress hypothesis, high-chronic victimization consistently was related to lower—and often prolonged—disparities in school engagement, academic self-perceptions, and academic achievement. For other victimization subtypes, movement into victimization (i.e., moderate-emerging) was associated with lower or declining scores on academic indicators, and movement out of victimization (i.e., early victims) with higher or increasing scores on these indicators (i.e., “recovery”). Findings provide a more complete account of the overall prevalence, stability, and developmental course of school-based peer victimization than has been reported to date. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Platelet Factor 4 Regulates Platelet Count In Vivo: Implications for Platelet Recovery after Cytotoxic Therapy.

Platelet factor 4 (PF4), a platelet-specific CXC chemokine, was the first reported negative autocrine regulator of megakaryopoiesis in vitro. To define the physiological role(s) of PF4, we established mice that either were deficient in murine (m) PF4 (mPF4 −/− ) or that over-expressed human (h) PF4 (hPF4 +/+ ). These mice had a level of PF4 ~6-fold greater than that present in human platelet controls. All lines studied had been backcrossed onto a C57Bl/6J background for >10 generations. Platelet counts in these animals correlated inversely with PF4 determined expression, beginning with a low platelet count of 702 ± 57 x 10 3 /μL in the hPF4 +/+ mice + +/− −/− mice in which the platelet count was 1,404 ± 117 x 10 3 /μL. The half-life of the platelets from the hPF4 +/+ was identical to that of WT mice. Cultured bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) in serum-free media showed that each line had identical efficiency in growing megakaryocyte colonies, suggesting that megakaryocyte progenitor cells in these different genetic lines were intrinsically normal. Megakaryocyte colony numbers derived from WT BMMNC were reduced by the addition of recombinant PF4 or supernatant from irradiated bone marrow of hPF4 + mice, but not from mPF4 −/− mice, suggesting that megakaryocyte lysis in vivo during cytoreductive therapy may contribute to the subsequent thrombocytopenia by releasing PF4. Additionally, a rabbit polyclonal anti-mPF4 antibody (Ab) was able in culture to significantly reverse this inhibitory effect of PF4 on megakaryopoiesis. Preliminary cytoreductive studies using either 600 cGy or 150 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intraperitoneally (IP) were performed. In irradiation studies, mPF4 −/− mice began to recover on the same day as WT littermates, but they clearly had higher platelet counts at their nadir, with a drop to only 42 ± 7% of baseline vs. 32 ± 6% in the WT mice (n =12 in each arm, p = 0.06). By Day 13, 9 of 12 mPF4−/− mice had recovered to >75% of baseline, while only 3 of 12 WT mice had recovered (p + mice (n = 7) were studied after 5-FU treatment. Compared to WT littermates (n = 9), the hPF4 + recovered later (15.6 ± 2.2 vs. 11.2 ± 1.5 days, p 75% of baseline platelet count (p = 0.009). To examine if anti-mPF4 Ab was protective of cytotoxic therapy-induced thrombocytopenia, WT mice were treated with 180 mg/kg of 5-FU and were given either anti-mPF4 Ab (25 mg/kg, IV, x 2) or an equal volume of vehicle. By day 5, the Ab-treated group had a platelet count of 45 ± 6% vs. 32 ± 4% in the untreated (n > 13 per arm, p = 0.015). Platelet counts remained higher in the Ab-treated arm throughout the study. By day 10 after intervention, 9 of 16 mice of the Ab-treated arm had platelet counts over 75% of the baseline, while only 3 of 13 control mice did (p
Memristors and thermal noise: Is the memristor indeed the missing passive circuit element?

In this talk, we are briefly surveying our recent results [1] challenging the claim that the memristor is the “Missing circuit element” [2]. The crucial question is if the memristor equations guarantee that the device can be realized by passive components. With active components and feedback, arbitrary device characteristics can be realized. Recent work of Chua indicates [3] that certain type of memristor features may imply an active device. Our “thermal noise test” shows that there are infinitely many situations where the physical realization of memristor equations requires an active device. Therefore the memristor equations, in their present form, do not provide the “Missing circuit element” as an innately passive device. Traditional resistors, inductors and capacitors defined by the Maxwell's equations remain the fundamental, reliably passive building elements of electronic circuitry.
Secrecy analysis of the cloud-Fog radio access network with poisson point process and general path-loss parameters

Cloud-fog radio access is a promising technology in evolving wireless communication systems, but its success depends on security. It is fundamental to conduct the secrecy analysis in the physical layer due to the special architecture of CF-RAN. In this paper, we investigate the secrecy impacted by general path-loss effects. We show that the mathematical kernel is the Weibull distribution function with non-integer parameters. This type of problems was challenging since it is not covered in popular mathematical handbooks. However, with the aid of a recently discovered result in the literature, we are able to solve this issue and derive the solution in the closed-form. The presented results provide the necessary facility to expedite the secrecy analysis for other variants of CF-RAN. The simulation shows that the impact of path-loss fading on secrecy is more significant than that of deployed device intensity.
Underground coal gasification research and development in the United States

Abstract Underground coal gasification research and development took place in the United States from 1948 to 2015, including the intense and productive period from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s. The marquis activities were extensively-monitored field tests. A conceptual understanding of how UCG works was developed along with mathematical models of the process. Scientific understanding of UCG and its interactions with the environment led to the invention and development of methods, such as CRIP and Clean Cavern, that form the basis of many UCG projects around the world today. This review summarizes what was done and emphasizes what was learned. It includes a thorough tabulation of all the field tests. Field test descriptions emphasize those that were pioneering and had the greatest impact on UCG development. UCG's environmental challenges are assessed and US contributions to many specific technical aspects of UCG are reviewed.
Where Does Subjective Expected Utility Fail Descriptively

Subjective expected utility (SEU) rests on and implies four tenets of rational preferences; transitivity, monotonicity of consequences, independence of a common consequence, and accounting equivalences. Empirical evidence against transitivity and monotonicity is reevaluated and the opposite conclusion drawn using more recent data. The more complex accounting equivalences are descriptively implausible. The three simplest—idempotence, complementarity, and event commutativity—seem to be the only ones that may be descriptive. These, coupled with the postulate of an interval scale representation, result in a rank-dependent, weighted linear generalization of SEU. Further generalizations to nonbinary mixtures and to rank-and sign-dependent representations are also described. Problems in testing these theories are discussed.
Young Patriots or Junior Historians? An Epistemological Defense of Critical Patriotic Education

The example of Rorty is notable here because it emerges from a position on the political left, but the claim that American patriotism is embattled is a familiar one. Likewise, we are familiar with the claim that American education is somehow to blame for this situation or at the very least has not done enough to ameliorate it. On the other hand, we are equally familiar with contrary claims: that American patriotism — or jingoism, or unilateralism, or some other related political phenomenon — is too prominent in the cultural landscape, and that education ought to moderate if not indeed undermine patriotic sentiments, in favor of cosmopolitanism or at least a more rational and principled liberalism. What are we to make of this debate? More specifically, in the field of history — where much of the debate is waged — is it reasonable to uphold patriotism as an educational goal?
Diagnostic Delay of Chronic Migraine and Medication-Overuse Headache in University-Based Headache Clinic (P3.135)

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify diagnostic delay in chronic migraine and medication overuse headache (MOH) in patients presenting to a University-Based Headache clinic. Background: The impetus of the last several decades in Headache Medicine is towards improved headache diagnosis with newly revised International Classification of Headache Disorders Beta-3 (ICHD- 3 ( beta )) diagnostic criteria. There has been little research on diagnostic delay in chronic migraine and MOH. The objective of this study was to analyze new headache diagnosis and diagnostic delay in patients coming to a headache clinic. Design/Methods: Providers in a Headache specialty clinic evaluated new patients and provided diagnoses utilizing ICHD- 3 ( beta) diagnostic criteria. During the visit and after diagnosis was made, providers entered the data into an electronic database including headache diagnosis, whether it was a new diagnosis, current and past medication use, along with other clinical information. Results: A total of 294 patients were seen with 179 patients presenting with new diagnoses and 115 already with accurate diagnosis. Percent of patient with new diagnosis was 60.88%. The most common new diagnosis was chronic migraine (n=80, 69.6%), and MOH (n=49, 42.6%). A total of 73% of patients with diagnostic delay were experiencing this current headache for years, with mean of 12 years. Patients with diagnostic delay were previously evaluated by 1 to 15 providers prior to being seen. Only 16 patients (9%) were treated with adequate trial of prophylactic medications. Conclusions: There is a strong need to improve diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of chronic migraine. We found that many patients presenting to the University of Washington Headache Clinic have diagnostic delay of chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache. Most of these patients have been suffering for many years and have been previously evaluated by numerous providers. We need to consider the current barriers for providers in establishing an accurate diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Puvvadi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schorn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krashin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murinova has nothing to disclose.
AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISM AT THE DRD5 GENE AND THE LIABILITY TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE : PILOT STUDY

We have conducted a population-based association study of substance abuse and a microsatellite at the dopamine D5 receptor locus (DRD5) in a sample of European–American males and females with substance dependence (SA) or without any psychiatric disorder. Overrepresentation of the most frequent allele (148 bp) was found in males in the SA group (OR = 2.2, P= .02); this finding was reproduced in females (OR = 5.4, p< .001). The difference in the frequencies of this allele between SA males and SA females was statistically significant. The genotype coded in accordance with the dose of this allele correlated with substance abuse liability in males and females (stronger in females) and with novelty seeking in females. There was no evidence of correlation between the genotypes of spouses that could be induced by assortative mating for the liability to substance abuse. The data suggest that the DRD5 locus is involved in the variation and sex dimorphism of substance abuse liability.
Feverish fictions: William T. Vollmann and American literary history after postmodernism

The rise of the New Sincerity in contemporary American fiction has largely been read on terms provided by a handful of early proponents. This article contends that more complex formulations of the ...
Multi-Attribute Decision Fusion for Pattern Classification

Classification is an important problem that is found in several domains. It has a wide range of application in medical diagnosis, decision making, and target classification. Several methods have been used for classification with varying degrees of success. Although multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) has been applied to classification problem, its application to pattern classification is relatively new. In this work, we propose a multi attribute decision fusion based on the classical multi-criteria decision analysis (MADF-MCDA) for pattern classification problems. Multi-criteria decision making is a technique for selecting an alternative from a group of known alternatives based on certain criteria. The MCDA concept has been applied to many problems in sciences, business and engineering disciplines. In the proposed method, every attribute is considered as a criterion upon which a final decision is taken. For every attribute, an attribute model is built using a set of Gaussian membership functions for different classes. We assign a weight to each attribute model. This is because each attribute used in the modelling of an attribute model may have a different contribution to the final decision. It is expected that a model used for classification should have high distance among classes. The assigned weights are determined by the areas of intersection among the classes. This study also compares the performance of the proposed method with standard classification techniques such as K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and support vector machine (SVM).
Initial Experience in Direct Aspiration Thrombectomy Using a Novel 0.071-Inch Aspiration Catheter.

Introduction A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique is one of the most widely used techniques in mechanical thrombectomy. Aspiration catheter size plays a major role in the success of this technique. The AXS Vecta (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, California, USA) aspiration catheter is the first approved 0.071-inch catheter for mechanical thrombectomy. Here, we report our initial experience with direct aspiration thrombectomy using the AXS Vecta aspiration catheter. Methods We reviewed the prospectively collected database of all consecutive patients with stroke who underwent thrombectomy using A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique with the AXS Vecta aspiration catheter at our institution between September 26 and October 12, 2018. Results A total of 10 thrombectomy procedures were performed. Of those, 3 patients had M1 occlusion, 6 patients had M2 occlusion, and 1 patient had cervical carotid + M1 tandem occlusion. Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia grade 2b or greater revascularization was obtained in 9 of 10 patients. Median groin-to-reperfusion time was 29.5 (interquartile range 14.25–53.25) minutes. An intermediate catheter (3 Max) was used in all cases. No procedural complications or vascular injury were identified. The AXS Vecta catheter demonstrated excellent tractability and navigability in all cases except 1 case with severe narrowing of M1 segment secondary to atherosclerosis. Conclusions In this early experience with the new AXS Vecta aspiration catheter, the catheter was safely navigated to the target vessel even at the level of M2 segment.
An Approach Towards Designing Problem Networks in Serious Games

Integrating of subject matter onto serious games is an important problem that has been shown to impact the learning potential of serious games. A novel approach, inspired by peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, towards designing and deploying a series of problems in game scenarios is described. Given a set of problems involving a set of concepts the proposed approach automatically generates a problem network graph akin to P2P network that can then traversed by a player to collect all the concepts that are necessary to learn a topic of interest. A network traversal algorithm is described, which identifies the relevant problems and produces an efficient route through the network for learning the topic. We also describe an algorithm for mapping the problem network graph onto a game scenario by identifying groups of problems that can be placed in a single location of the game like the level of a building, arcade, or a room, physical barriers that separate, and the conditions for passing through these barriers. The proposed approach has been validated through a quantum cryptography game QuaSim and has been played by over 100 students to learn quantum cryptography basics and cryptography protocols.
Tuning the allosteric sequestration of anticancer drugs for developing cooperative nano-antidotes

A dual-cavity basket 16-, holding six γ-aminobutyric acids at its termini, encapsulates variously sized aromatics 2-7+, including four anthracyclines (8+-11+), driven by the hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding (HB). In particular, the formation of stable (K = 1012 M-2) anthracycline complexes [(8+-11+)2⊂16-], assembled into nanoparticles, occurred with positive homotropic cooperativity (α = 4K2/K1 = 1.1 ± 0.3 × 102-1.3 ± 0.7 × 103) in PBS medium. Importantly, weakening the first binding event (K1, i.e. by removing HBs) turned the second one (K2) more favorable. The finding is of interest for developing cooperative nano-antidotes acting as biodetoxifying agents.
Opioid Prescriptions for New Low Back Pain: Trends and Variability by State

BACKGROUND The United States is facing a widespread opioid epidemic that disproportionately affects the working-age population. In the clinical setting, new low back pain is one of the most common reasons for opioid prescriptions, despite national recommendations advising against their use until nonopioid treatments have been trialed. In this study, we aimed to examine national opioid prescribing practices among primary care physicians after the evaluation of low back pain in working-age patients. METHOD This study used a national claims database's billing codes to identify patients in the outpatient setting with a new encounter for isolated low back pain following a 1-year look-back period. The primary outcome was whether an opioid prescription was filled within 30 days after the encounter. Patients with a daily morphine milligram equivalence (MME/day) known to be associated with a higher risk of overdose were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 418,565 patients between January 1, 2011 and November 30, 2016 were included. The proportion of patients with filled opioid prescriptions declined significantly between 2011 and 2016 (P < .01; 28.5% in 2011, 27.6% in 2012, 26.3% in 2013, 25.5% in 2014, 23.5% in 2015, and 20.4% in 2016). Nationally, the proportion of patients with a filled opioid prescription varied significantly between states (P < .01), ranging from 12.9% in Hawaii to 33.6% in Arkansas. DISCUSSION We found that the overall frequency of opioid prescriptions for low back pain is decreasing nationally, which speaks favorably for future initiatives to change physician prescribing patterns. However, we identified that there is large variation in prescribing patterns among physicians in different states.
Tick and Tickborne Pathogen Surveillance as a Public Health Tool in the United States

In recent decades, tickborne disease (TBD) cases and established populations of medically important ticks have been reported over expanding geographic areas, and an increasing number of tickborne bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have been recognized as human pathogens, collectively contributing to an increasing burden of TBDs in the United States. The prevention and diagnosis of TBDs depend greatly on an accurate understanding by the public and healthcare providers of when and where persons are at risk for exposure to human-biting ticks and to the pathogens these ticks transmit. However, national maps showing the distributions of medically important ticks and the presence or prevalence of tickborne pathogens are often incomplete, outdated, or lacking entirely. Similar deficiencies exist regarding geographic variability in host-seeking tick abundance. Efforts to accurately depict acarological risk are hampered by lack of systematic and routine surveillance for medically important ticks and their associated human pathogens. In this review, we: 1) outline the public health importance of tick surveillance; 2) identify gaps in knowledge regarding the distributions and abundance of medically important ticks in the United States and the presence and prevalence of their associated pathogens; 3) describe key objectives for tick surveillance and review methods appropriate for addressing those goals; and 4) assess current capacity and barriers to implementation and sustainability of tick surveillance programs.
379-P: Glucagon Use by U.S. Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

The American Diabetes Association recommends that patients at high risk for hypoglycemia be prescribed glucagon. Using de-identified administrative claims from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse (OLDW) for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees, we examined glucagon prescriptions filled between 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2014 among pharmacologically treated type 1 and 2 diabetes patients. We examined association of glucagon fills with demographic, clinical, and laboratory-based factors. HbA1c levels were available for a subsample. Model performance was assessed with AUC and calibration plots. Among 12,338 patients with type 1 and 323,244 with type 2 diabetes, 14.5% and 0.7% filled glucagon in 2014, respectively. Among type 1 diabetes patients, the multivariable model had poor discriminative performance (AUC=0.61). Among patients with type 2 diabetes, the model AUC was 0.89. Factors associated with glucagon use are shown in Figure. HbA1c level was not independently associated with glucagon fills. In this national study, glucagon was rarely filled. Among patients with type 1 diabetes, glucagon fills were unpredictable and not targeted to highest risk patients. Patients with type 2 diabetes were more likely to fill glucagon in the setting of prior hypoglycemia, higher income, and endocrinology care. These findings suggest opportunities to improve care, including better prescribing practices to target high-risk patients. Disclosure P. Kahn: None. S. Liu: None. R.G. McCoy: None. R.A. Gabbay: Advisory Panel; Self; FormHealth, Health Reveal, Lark, Onduo, Vida Health. K.J. Lipska: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (K23AG048359)
Psychological Adaptation to Serious Illness: A Qualitative Study of Culturally Diverse Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abstract Context Psychological distress is associated with adverse health outcomes in serious illness and magnified among patients of low socioeconomic status. Aspects of one's culture, such as religion and spirituality, can influence these patients' coping response to distress. Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious illness that disproportionately affects patients of low socioeconomic status, but a theory-based understanding of this group's lived experience of CKD is lacking. Objectives We explored the cognitions, emotions, and coping behaviors of patients with CKD with emphasis on those of low socioeconomic status. We further inquired into any influences of religion or spirituality. Methods We interviewed 50 English-speaking or Spanish-speaking adults with advanced CKD from three medical centers in Nashville, Tennessee. Analyses occurred with isolation of themes; development of a coding system; and creation of a conceptual framework using an inductive-deductive approach. Results Median age was 65 years; median annual income was $17,500 per year; and 48% of participants had not progressed beyond high school. Key beliefs (awareness of mortality and lack of control) influenced patients' emotions (existential distress in the form of death anxiety, prognostic uncertainty, and hopelessness) and coping behaviors (acceptance, avoidance, emotion regulation via spirituality, and seeking social support via a religious community). Conclusion Individuals with advanced CKD and low socioeconomic status lack control over disease progression, experience death anxiety and existential distress, and emphasize spirituality to cope. Our study identifies novel components for a psychotherapeutic intervention for patients with advanced CKD at high risk for adverse health outcomes.
Whitewashing Through Film: How Educators Can Use Critical Race Media Literacy to Analyze Hollywood’s Adaptation of Angie Thomas’ The Hate U Give

Grounded in critical race media literacy (CRML), we contend that a comparison of The Hate U Give novel and adapted film can allow for more nuanced conversations in the classroom regarding the functions of racism in America, including intersectionality and colorism. When comparing these texts, educators should ground their analysis in CRML. CRML is one way that educators can facilitate the engagement of critical analysis around the representation of racialized people in media. We argue that when The Hate U Give was rendered into a film, a number of the changes weakened the novel‘s counterstory messages around racism and white supremacy.
From Vatican II to Amoris Laetitia: The Catholic Social and Sexual Ethics Division and A Way of Ecclesial Interconnection

This paper navigates the development of ethical issues during Vatican II and the impulse to develop a new moral theology just after the Council. This paper argues, on one hand, that Gaudium et Spes develops a new moral theology based on the imperative of conscience mediated by faith in issues of social ethics. On the other hand, the old moral orientation was preserved on sexual ethics. After the council, these two moral faces have led magisterial teaching to two different paths that can be seen chronologically in approaches used for issues of social and sexual ethics. Vatican II encouraged a new moral theology, visible in social ethics in the years immediately following the Council. But the same spirit was not embraced by the Magisterium on issues of sexuality until the publication of Amoris Laetitia with its ecclesiology of pastoral discernment.
Beyond Immigration and Customs Enforcement: Understanding Interorganizational Collaboration for Border Management

This study examines the structural and procedural characteristics of inter-organizational collaboration operating in U.S. border management practice. Using social network analysis, the study analyz...
Prolonged length of stay and discharge disposition to rehabilitation facilities following single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion for acquired spondylolisthesis

Background Acquired lumbar spondylolisthesis is often treated with interbody fusion. However, few studies have evaluated predictors for prolonged length of stay (LOS) and disposition to rehabilitation facilities after posterior single-level lumbar interbody fusion for acquired spondylolisthesis. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program database was queried for adults with acquired spondylolisthesis who underwent single-level lumbar interbody fusion through a posterior approach (posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion [TLIF]). We utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of prolonged LOS and disposition in this patient population. Results Among 2080 patients identified, 700 (33.7%) had a prolonged LOS (≥4 days), and 306 (14.7%) were discharged postoperatively to rehabilitation facilities. Predictors for prolonged LOS included: American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class ≥3, anemia, prolonged operative time, perioperative blood transfusion, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and return to the operating room. The following risk factors predicted discharge to postoperative rehabilitation facilities: age ≥65 years, male sex, ASA class ≥3, modified frailty score ≥2, perioperative blood transfusion, and prolonged LOS. Conclusion Multiple partial-overlapping risk factors predicted prolonged LOS and discharge to rehabilitation facilities after single-level TLIF/PLIF performed for acquired spondylolisthesis.