cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crafting a Successful Manuscript: Lessons from 131 Reviews

Having good data is simply not enough to assure publicationin a high quality academic journal. The data must be sold,justiﬁed, described, and packaged in a compelling way. Inthis paper, we focus on how to prepare a quality manuscript.To do so, we content analyzed reviewer comments fromnearly 100 manuscriptsthat were submitted tothe JournalofBusiness and Psychology over a 4-month time period(November 2008–April 2009). This yielded 131 reviews.The goal was to identify areas of concern commonlyexpressed by manuscript reviewers. By doing so, it is ourhope that we can better educate authors on the key elementsof a successful manuscript, increase manuscript impact, andin general help data reach their potential.The reviews were analyzed and common themes wereidentiﬁed. Illustrative comments were provided under eachtheme listed below. The themes were then organized intothe following categories: (1) introduction section, (2)methods and results section, (3) discussion section, and (4)writing. It is important to note that not all of the themes andillustrative comments are universal—some may be moreapplicable to particular research designs and approaches(e.g., quantitative versus qualitative designs).Introduction SectionReviewers frequently expressed concerns about theoreticalor conceptual rationale, clarity of research purpose, extentof research contribution, and the content and/or structure ofthe literature review.Conceptual and/or theoretical rationale:• It is unclear why the particular variables were selected.• The model is poorly speciﬁed or explained.• Need to explain why particular variables were chosenas mediators/moderators.• Missing variable concerns: need to consider otherconstructs that may be relevant to the model.• Lacking theory behind focal constructs andrelationships.• Theories are discussed, but not effectively used as theframework for the research.• Arguments are unclear, inconsistent, and not alwayscompelling.• Lack of connection between the model, the hypotheses,and the title.Purpose/contribution of study:• Title and abstract misrepresent the content of themanuscript.• Need to clearly state the purpose and contribution of thestudy—do this early in the paper.• Need to articulate what this study adds to the extantliterature.• Explain how this is more than a replication study.• Need to highlight/emphasize the novel contribution ofthe study.Proposed relationships/hypotheses:• Some of the hypotheses seem trivial/it is unclear howthe proposed relationships add to the literature.• Need to more clearly state the direction of the proposedrelationships.
Phenotypic stability of resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated at eight sites in the United States

Changes in the fungal pathogenPhytophthora infestans in the United States pose a significant threat to potato production. Sources of resistance to these new genotypes of P.infestans need to be identified for potato breeders to have parental materials for crossing, and the phenotypic stability of late blight resistance in these potato clones needs to be determined. Sixteen potato clones which reportedly have some resistance to late blight were evaluated at eight locations: Florida (FL), Maine (ME), Michigan (MI), Minnesota (MN), North Dakota (ND), New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA) and Wisconsin (WI) in 1996. Percent infected foliage was recorded at approximately weekly intervals following the onset of the disease at each location. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. Clones were ranked for mean AUDPC within location and the nonparametric stability statistics, mean absolute rank differences and variance of the ranks, were analyzed for phenotypic stability. Neither of these statistics was significant, indicating a lack of genotype x environment interaction on the rankings of these clones across locations in 1996. The four clones with lowest AUDPC scores were U.S. clones AWN86514-2, B0692-4, B0718-3 and B0767-2. These clones should be useful parental materials for breeders seeking to incorporate genes for late blight resistance into potatoes.
Living translation in US Chinese medicine

This article demonstrates the ongoing, culturally situated and co-constructed nature of the translation of Chinese medicine from Chinese into English. Building upon scholarship in anthropology, sociolinguistics, and translation studies, this article contributes to the building of an anthropologically grounded theory of translation as an ongoing lived event, with implications far beyond the simple transfer of meaning from “source” to “target” languages. Through the examination of video and audio data collected over two years, I show how participants in classroom interactions at a southern California school of Chinese medicine not only interactively accomplish the work of translating specific Chinese terms, but also accomplish a great deal socially with such translation activity. Participants are thus shown to use translation as a platform for social positioning as well as a tool for socializing interlocutors into various notions of evidence and ideologies of language, both of which have implications for clinical decision-making in practice. (Translation, language ideologies, classroom interaction, Chinese medicine)*
NK Cells Respond to Pulmonary Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but Play a Minimal Role in Protection

Both innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to host defense against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NK cells have been associated with early resistance against intracellular pathogens and are known to be potent producers of the cytokine IFN-. In C57BL/6 mice infected by aerosol exposure with M. tuberculosis, NK cells increased in the lungs over the first 21 days of infection. Expansion of the NK cell subset was associated with increased expression of activation and maturation markers. In addition, NK cells isolated from the infected lungs were capable of producing IFN- and became positive for perforin. In vivo depletion of NK cells using a lytic Ab had no influence on bacterial load within the lungs. These findings indicate that NK cells can become activated during the early response to pulmonary tuberculosis in the mouse model and are a source of IFN-, but their removal does not substantially alter the expression of host resistance. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 6039 – 6045.
Direct and indirect effects of viral pathogens and the environment on invasive grass fecundity in Pacific Coast grasslands

Summary 1. Pathogens can have strong effects on their hosts and can be important determinants of biological invasions. In natural systems, host–pathogen interactions may be mediated by direct environmental effects on pathogen communities and host fitness. 2. While environmental mediation of host–pathogen interactions has been investigated experimentally and at single sites, there have been few studies tracking pathogen effects on lifetime host fecundity across large naturally occurring environmental gradients. 3. If environmental factors directly mediate both pathogen transmission and host fecundity, laboratory and local-scale studies may not predict pathogen effects across large spatial scales. 4. Here we investigate the relationship between host fecundity and infection by a suite of RNA viral pathogens, by surveying two invasive annual grasses at 18 locations along a 1200-km latitudinal gradient on the west coast of North America. 5. Infected hosts of both species had 28–30% lower fecundity than uninfected hosts in our field surveys. However, the correlation of reduced fecundity to infection arose from indirect effects of the environment on both host fecundity and pathogen prevalence, rather than direct effects of the pathogen on the host. Pathogen prevalence was highest at sites where uninfected hosts had lowest fecundity. 6. Synthesis. In past experimental inoculations, virus infection reduced fecundity of these host species. Against this background, the results of our geographic-scale survey demonstrate the challenges not only of inferring cause from correlation, but also of extrapolating from local studies and experimental inoculations to larger spatial scales. Our results highlight a need for experimentally manipulating infection across environmental gradients. Such an integrated approach would allow quantification of the fitness impacts of infection, even when the environment directly affects both prevalence and host fecundity.
Stand-alone automated solutions can enhance laboratory operations

Clinical laboratory automation has developed over the past decade as one means of consolidating testing, reducing costs, and improving the effectiveness of laboratory testing. Most of the developments have been aimed at core clinical laboratory operations, and have primarily addressed preanalytical and analytical processing of traditional specimens arriving in blood collection or similar aliquot tubes. Much less attention has been given to specialized applications such as processing specimens for urine toxicology, and only recently have vendors attacked the problems associated with sorting and maintaining the laboratory's inventory of specimens. This report highlights selected developments in these areas, describes one approach to cost-effective custom platform development, and discusses the advantages and pitfalls to solving problems with laboratory automation.
Light reflection functions for simulation of clouds and dusty surfaces

The study of the physical process of light interacting with matter is an important part of computer image synthesis since it forms the basis for calculations of intensities in the picture. The simpler models used in the past are being augmented by more complex models gleaned from the physics literature. This paper is another step in the direction of assimilating such knowledge. It concerns the statistical simulation of light passing through and being reflected by clouds of similar small particles. (It does not, however, address the cloud structure modeling problem). By extension it can be applied to surfaces completely covered by dust and is therefore a physical basis for various theories of diffuse reflection.
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation in mammalian oocyte maturation

Oocyte developmental competence is the ability of the mature oocyte to be fertilized and subsequently drive early embryo development. Developmental competence is acquired by completion of oocyte maturation, a process that includes nuclear (meiotic) and cytoplasmic (molecular) changes. Given that maturing oocytes are transcriptionally quiescent (as are early embryos), they depend on post-transcriptional regulation of stored transcripts for protein synthesis, which is largely mediated by translational repression and deadenylation of transcripts within the cytoplasm, followed by recruitment of specific transcripts in a spatiotemporal manner for translation during oocyte maturation and early development. Motifs within the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA) are thought to mediate repression and downstream activation by their association with binding partners that form dynamic protein complexes that elicit differing effects on translation depending on cell stage and interacting proteins. The cytoplasmic polyadenylation (CP) element, Pumilio binding element, and hexanucleotide polyadenylation signal are among the best understood motifs involved in CP, and translational regulation of stored transcripts as their binding partners have been relatively well-characterized. Knowledge of CP in mammalian oocytes is discussed as well as novel approaches that can be used to enhance our understanding of the functional and contributing features to transcript CP and translational regulation during mammalian oocyte maturation. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:71–89. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1316 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility

Abstract Contrary to the general perception, the United States has a much more class-bound society than other wealthy countries. The chance of upward mobility for Americans is just half that of the citizens of the Denmark and many other European countries. In addition to other influences, the built environment may contribute to the low rate of upward mobility in the U.S. This study tests the relationship between urban sprawl and upward mobility for commuting zones in the U.S. We examine potential pathways through which sprawl may have an effect on mobility. We use structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect effects of sprawl on upward mobility. We find that upward mobility is significantly higher in compact areas than sprawling areas. The direct effect, which we attribute to better job accessibility in more compact commuting zones, is stronger than the indirect effects. Of the indirect effects, only one, through the mediating variable income segregation, is significant.
Idiopathic Canine Laryngeal Paralysis as One Sign of a Diffuse Polyneuropathy: An Observational Study of 90 Cases (2007-2013).

Objective To determine survival and incidence of complications in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis (ILP) and concurrent neurologic signs. Study Design Observational study. Animals Dogs (n = 90) with ILP. Methods Medical records (January 2007–June 2013) of dogs with ILP were reviewed. Neurologic comorbidities, including pelvic limb neurologic abnormalities and esophageal abnormalities were identified. Using medical record information and client interviews, the relationship between these comorbidities and postoperative survival (primary outcome measure) and postoperative complications (secondary outcome measure) was identified. Results Dogs that had surgical correction of ILP had a 2.6-fold reduction in the hazard of death throughout the study period (HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.34–4.84, P = .006). Owner assessed patient quality of life (10-point scale) increased by an average of 4.1 ± 1.4 units immediately postoperatively, and 4.9 ± 0.9 units until death or followup compared with preoperative values. Thirty-five of 72 dogs available for followup had evidence of diffuse neurologic comorbidities. Overall complication rate for dogs with neurologic comorbidities was 74%, compared with 32% for dogs without neurologic comorbidities. Presence of any neurologic comorbidity was associated with a significantly greater odds of any complication (OR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.25–13.90, P = .019) as well as recurring complications (OR = 8.00; 95% CI: 1.49–54.38; P = .015). Conclusion Surgical correction of ILP was positively associated with survival, and dogs with neurologic comorbidities were at greater risk for developing postoperative complications.
The role of physical anthropology in plastic surgery today.

The techniques of physical anthropology, which offer plastic surgeons additional parameters for studying the human face and body, have not been utilized to any major extent by members of our specialty. As an example of a specific ethnic anomaly, the author suggests a greater incidence of protruding ears among Irish and Irish-American children with the possible coexistence of a hearing impairment in any child with a protruding ear. In describing the anatomic characteristics of the nose, he stresses the need for a better evaluation of the esthetic and anthropologic balance of facial features in the correction of the overall shape and contours of a nose.
Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory Is as Accurate as CASPT2 for Electronic Excitation

A correct description of electronically excited states is critical to the interpretation of visible–ultraviolet spectra, photochemical reactions, and excited-state charge-transfer processes in chemical systems. We have recently proposed a theory called multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT), which is based on a combination of multiconfiguration wave function theory and a new kind of density functional called an on-top density functional. Here, we show that MC-PDFT with a first-generation on-top density functional performs as well as CASPT2 for an organic chemistry database including valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer excitations. The results are very encouraging for practical applications.
The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company: Capital Structure, Valuation, and Cost of Capital

In June 2002, a managing director of an â¬Sactive investorâ¬? hedge fund is considering the possible gains from increasing the debt capitalization of The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. Wrigley has been conservatively financed, and at the date of the case, carries no debt. The tasks for the student are to: â¬¢ Estimate the potential change in value from re-levering Wrigley using adjusted present value analysis; â¬¢ Assess the impact on weighted average cost of capital, earnings per share, the credit rating of the firm, and voting control of the Wrigley family;â¬¢ Consider the merits of dividend or share repurchase as a means of returning cash to shareholders.The central teaching objective of the case is to explore the financial effects of capital structure change. Key here is the trade-off between the tax benefits of debt and the associated costs in the form of financial distress and loss of flexibility. Related issues include signaling to investors, clientele effects (control considerations for the Wrigley family), and incentives created for directors and managers. Finally, the case affords a comparison of dividends and share repurchases.
Stop flow analysis of aldosterone and steroidal antagonist SC-8109 on renal tubular sodium transport kinetics.

SummaryIn normal dogs the distal tubule can lower Na concentration almost to zero during stop flow, the minimal concentration achieved being independent of plasma Na concentration. In adrenalectomized animals, minimal distal concentrations achieved are not as low. As plasma Na is increased, minimal distal Na concentration also increases in direct proportion, indicating that adrenalectomy reduces maximal Na concentration gradient which can be maintained across distal tubular cells. Results in adrenalectomized and in SC-8109 treated dogs are identical. Administration of cortisone to adrenalectomized dogs does not repair this defect, but aldosterone restores ability of the distal tubule to lower Na concentration, even in presence of elevated plasma Na. Aldosterone when given to adrenalectomized dogs did not alter proximal Na reabsorption, as this can be estimated by stop flow data.
Twin Study on the Relationship of 16PF and Serum Biochemical Index

Objective To study the relationship between personality and serum biochemical index and the influence of genetic and environmental factors on personality Methods 89 twin pairs(MZ∶55,DZ∶34)older than 24 in Qingdao was investigated with genetic epidemiological methods 16PF of the twins was tested to study the correlation of the scores in MZ and DZ twins,so that the effect of genetic and environmental factors on personality can be studied The relationship between 16PF and some serum biochemical index were also studied Results The correlation coefficient of three 16PF factors is significantly higher for MZ than DZ,they are shy or venturesome(H),self-assured or apprehensive(O),relaxed or tense(Q4),the heritability of them is 0 46,0 45,0 44 respectively However,the correlation coefficient of forthright or shrewd factor(N)is higher for DZ than MZ And many serum biochemical index is correlated with 16PF factors,but most of the correlation coefficients were lower than 0 30 Conclusions The correlation between 16PF personality and basic serum biochemical index is weak Basic serum biochemical index do not determine a person's personality Three factors in 16PF is influenced more by genetic elements than environmental agents,they are shy or venturesome(H),self-assured or apprehensive(O),relaxed or tense(Q4) And forthright or shrewd factor(N)is influenced more by environmental agents than genetic elements
Research on Phosphate Residue Removal Techniques for Improving the Phosphate Coating Quality

The produced mechanism and harm of phosphate residues were studied,and the settlement characteristics of them in the phosphating solution was analyzed.On the basis,and accoriding to the company's painting shop,a new type of phosphate residues removal device system and their management techniques were proposed.
Effect of enrichment medium on real-time detection of Salmonella enterica from lettuce and tomato enrichment cultures.

Three enrichment broths commonly used for detection of Salmonella (buffered peptone water [BPW], tryptic soy broth [TSB], and universal preenrichment broth [UPB]) were compared for use in real-time SYBR Green PCR detection of Salmonella introduced into enrichment cultures made from store-bought lettuce and tomatoes. The produce served as a source of normal plant microbiota to measure how well DNA-based detection methods for Salmonella work in a suspension of plant-associated bacteria that may be closely related to Salmonella. A qualitative assessment of the background microbiota that grew in the three enrichment broths cultures from tomato and lettuce samples revealed that different bacteria predominated in the different broths. Results obtained with five produce-related outbreak Salmonella strains and PCR primers directed toward three different Salmonella genes suggest that the ability to detect Salmonella from these enrichment cultures by real-time PCR was 10 to 1,000 times better with TSB enrichment cu...
The Development of Multidimensional Analysis Tools for Asymmetric Catalysis and Beyond.

ConspectusIn most modern organic chemistry reports, including many of ours, reaction optimization schemes are typically presented to showcase how reaction conditions have been tailored to augment the reaction’s yield and selectivity. In asymmetric catalysis, this often involves evaluation of catalyst, solvent, reagent, and, sometimes, substrate features. Such an article will then detail the process’s scope, which mainly focuses on its successes and briefly outlines the “limitations”. These limitations or poorer-performing substrates are occasionally the result of obvious, significant changes to structure (e.g., a Lewis basic group binds to a catalyst), but frequently, a satisfying explanation for inferior performance is not clear. This is one of several reasons such results are not often reported. These apparent outliers are also commonplace in the evaluation of catalyst structure, although most of this information is placed in the Supporting Information.These practices are unfortunate because results tha...
Interpersonal Metaperception: The Importance of Compatibility in the Aesthetic Appreciation of Bodily Cues

Psychology enjoys a rich history of theorising that is rooted in Gestalt psychology (Koffka, 1935;Kohler, 1929, 1947). Gestalt psychology has informed not only our understanding of how simple geometric objects are perceptually parsed, but also how global attitudes toward objects and individuals are formed. In both cases, one’s ultimate perception is multiply determined, integrating the basic perception of a range of cues that, collectively, yield an overarching percept or attitude. In other words, each simple cue is perceived directly but contextualised by other cues that together affect a more global perception, or Gestalt.
Arts Therapy for Autism

Those on the autism spectrum benefit from therapies that address language acquisition, eye contact, the relationship between cause and effect with gesture, expression of emotion, reading contextual clues, and a recognition of embodiment. Various art therapies offer different approaches to these building blocks.
Enhanc(er)ing Skin Stem Cells

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Rinaldi et al. (2016) find an unexpected role for the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in the regulation of enhancers. Their findings provide new insight into how regulation of enhancer activity through DNA methylation can have dramatic consequences on epidermal stem cell fate decisions.
Associated Musculoskeletal Injuries

Severe central neurologic or axial skeletal trauma is commonly associated with high-energy extremity injuries. The most common injuries associated with spine trauma are head injuries (17 %), lower limb fractures (5.9 %), upper limb fractures (4.4 %), chest injuries (2.9 %), pelvic fractures (2.5 %), and abdominal injuries (1.5 %). The care of the multiply injured patient has improved substantially over the past several decades and led to higher survival rates. Damage-control orthopaedics, or temporizing treatment through rapid debridement of open wounds, restoration of tissue perfusion and limb circulation, stabilization of long bones, and, when possible, limb salvage using techniques has proven effective. Orthopaedic injuries including long bone fractures and vascular compromise due to compartment syndrome are important in initial stabilization and diagnosis and further complicate nursing care and mobilization. While timing of surgery for spine fractures is controversial, there is general consensus regarding several absolute indications for urgent surgical intervention. The most widely supported reason for early intervention is any progressive neurological deficit caused by spinal cord or root compression. Spinal dislocations associated with a neurological deficit or spinal kyphosis that compromises the overlying skin or patient positioning for non-spine procedures are also strong indications for urgent surgical intervention. Considerations for timing of decompression as well as stabilization are discussed and current evidence for outcomes in function and mortality are presented. Polytrauma in the setting of acute spinal injury is multifaceted and always interdisciplinary. It is most important for the general trauma surgeon, orthopaedic trauma surgeon, and spine surgeon to be in close communication to methodically coordinate each procedure so return to function can be optimized.
Hospitalizations, costs and outcomes associated with heroin and prescription opioid overdoses in the United States 2001-12.

Background and aims The full burden of the opioid epidemic on US hospitals has not been described. We aimed to estimate how heroin (HOD) and prescription opioid (POD) overdose-associated admissions, costs, outcomes and patient characteristics have changed from 2001 to 2012. Design Retrospective cohort study of hospital admissions from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Setting United States of America. Participants Hospital admissions in patients aged 18 years or older admitted with a diagnosis of HOD or POD. The NIS sample included 94 492 438 admissions from 2001 to 2012. The final unweighted study sample included 138 610 admissions (POD: 122 147 and HOD: 16 463). Measurements Primary outcomes were rates of admissions per 100 000 people using US Census Bureau annual estimates. Other outcomes included in-patient mortality, hospital length-of-stay, cumulative and mean hospital costs and patient demographics. All analyses were weighted to provide national estimates. Findings Between 2001 and 2012, an estimated 663 715 POD and HOD admissions occurred nation-wide. HOD admissions increased 0.11 per 100 000 people per year [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04, 0.17], while POD admissions increased 1.25 per 100 000 people per year (95% CI = 1.15, 1.34). Total in-patient costs increased by $4.1 million dollars per year (95% CI = 2.7, 5.5) for HOD admissions and by $46.0 million dollars per year (95% CI = 43.1, 48.9) for POD admissions, with an associated increase in hospitalization costs to more than $700 million annually. The adjusted odds of death in the POD group declined modestly per year [odds ratio (OR) = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97, 0.99], with no difference in HOD mortality or length-of-stay. Patients with POD were older, more likely to be female and more likely to be white compared with HOD patients. Conclusions Rates and costs of heroin and prescription opioid overdose related admissions in the United States increased substantially from 2001 to 2012. The rapid and ongoing rise in both numbers of hospitalizations and their costs suggests that the burden of POD may threaten the infrastructure and finances of US hospitals.
Comparison of three methods of penile vibratory stimulation for semen retrieval in men with spinal cord injury.

Prospective, three-way crossover design. Penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) is recommended as the first line of treatment for semen retrieval in anejaculatory men with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study compared ejaculatory success rates and patient preference for three methods of PVS within the same group of men with SCI. Major medical university. Fifteen men with SCI each received three methods of PVS. Method 1 (M1): applying one FertiCare Personal device to the dorsum or frenulum of the glans penis; Method 2 (M2): ‘sandwiching’ the glans penis between two FertiCare devices; Method 3 (M3): sandwiching the glans penis between the two vibrating surfaces of the Viberect-X3 device. The order of M1, M2 and M3 was varied to control for sequencing effects. Following each PVS trial, subjects rated their experience on a questionnaire with scaled responses. Ejaculation success rates were high for each method; however, ejaculation latency was significantly longer with M3 compared with M1 or M2. In survey questions about patient preference, there were no significant differences between M1 and M2. In contrast, M3 was rated lower than M1 and M2 in patient preference. Semen collection may be more difficult with the Viberect device. On the basis of these findings, we recommend attempting PVS with one FertiCare device. If that fails, use two FertiCare devices. Although the Viberect-X3 was preferred less by patients, it had similar efficacy as the Ferticare vibrator(s) and may be suitable for home use by some patients.
Lateral Meniscus Allograft Transplantation: The Bone Plug Technique

Lateral meniscus tears are commonly encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. Despite efforts to repair and preserve the meniscus, meniscectomy is occasionally required to treat irreparable tears. The resulting lateral meniscus deficiency leads to increased tibiofemoral contact pressures and ultimately early osteoarthritic changes in the knee. Lateral meniscal allograft transplant (LMAT) has been proposed as a way to restore the lateral meniscus-deficient knee to its native form. Although several techniques for LMAT have been proposed, osseous fixation has demonstrated increased stability, improved outcomes, and improved long-term survival. This article presents a technique for LMAT using bone plugs and standard arthroscopic portals.
Comparison of four super-resolution techniques for complex spectra or points estimation

In this work, we evaluate performances of four super-resolution techniques for estimating complex spectra or points under various scenarios. Suitable for resolving non-coherent signals, the two adaptive techniques (Root-MUSIC and ESPRIT) use multiple snapshots to acquire data covariance matrix, which can then be divided into signal subspace and noise subspace for estimating the desired complex parameters. While only utilizing one snapshot to estimate parameters, the two non-adaptive techniques (Matrix Pencil and MODE) are suitable to deal with coherent signals.
NFM Cross-Reactivity to MOG Does Not Expand a Critical Threshold Level of High-Affinity T Cells Necessary for Onset of Demyelinating Disease.

Of interest to the etiology of demyelinating autoimmune disease is the potential to aberrantly activate CD4 + T cells due to cross-recognition of multiple self-epitopes such as has been suggested for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein epitope 35–55 (MOG 35–55 ) and neurofilament medium protein epitope 15–35 (NFM 15–35 ). NFM 15–35 is immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice but fails to induce demyelinating disease by polyclonal T cells despite having the same TCR contact residues as MOG 35–55 , a known encephalitogenic Ag. Despite reported cross-reactivity with MOG-specific T cells, the polyclonal response to NFM 15–35 did not expand threshold numbers of MOG 38–49 tetramer–positive T cells. Furthermore, NFM lacked functional synergy with MOG to promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis because NFM-deficient synonymous with knockout mice developed an identical disease course to wild-type mice after challenge with MOG 35–55 . Single-cell analysis of encephalitogenic T cells using the peptide:MHC monomer-based two-dimensional micropipette adhesion frequency assay confirmed that NFM was not a critical Ag driving demyelinating disease because NFM 18–30 –specific T cells in the CNS were predominantly reactive to MOG 38–49 . The absence of NFM contribution to disease allowed mapping of the amino acids required for encephalitogenicity and expansion of high-affinity, MOG-specific T cells that defined the polyclonal response. Alterations of N-terminal residues outside of the NFM 15–35 core nonamer promoted expansion of high-affinity, MOG 38–49 tetramer–positive T cells and promoted consistent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction, unlike mice challenged with NFM 15–35 . Although NFM 15–35 is immunogenic and cross-reactive with MOG at the polyclonal level, it fails to expand a threshold level of encephalitogenic, high-affinity MOG-specific T cells.
Exploring Patient Awareness and Perceptions of the Appropriate Use of Antibiotics: A Mixed-Methods Study.

In the outpatient setting, estimates suggest that 30% of the antibiotics prescribed are unnecessary. This study explores patient knowledge and awareness of appropriate use of antibiotics and expectations regarding how antibiotics are used for their treatment in outpatient settings. A survey was administered to a convenience sample of patients, parents, and caregivers (n = 190) at seven primary care clinics and two urgent care locations. Fisher’s exact tests compared results by patient characteristics. Although 89% of patients correctly believed that antibiotics work well for treating infections from bacteria, 53% incorrectly believed that antibiotics work well for treating viral infections. Patients who incorrectly believed that antibiotics work well for treating viral infections were more than twice as likely to expect a provider to give them an antibiotic when they have a cough or common cold. Patients who completed the survey also participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 4), which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Patients reported experiencing confusion about which illnesses may be treated by antibiotics and unclear communication from clinicians about the appropriate use of antibiotics. Development of easy to understand patient educational materials can help address patients’ incorrect perceptions of appropriate antibiotic use and facilitate patient-provider communication.
The Ever-Evolving World of Twenty-First Century Musical Theatre Criticism

While it is clear that many news organizations let their arts, music, and theatre critics go during the early years of the twenty-first century, what has not been clear is a universal understanding of the role (or roles) of the critic in contemporary culture. This chapter looks at several case studies of innovative journalists and artists who have created unique responses to the question: “What can theatre criticism be in the digital era?” And while certainly not everyone agrees with Alison Croggon that “the digital media have ushered in a golden age of criticism and commentary for the arts,” most celebrate the multiplicity of voices now filling digital conversations, created by lovers of theatre.
Abstract 15125: Non-Invasive Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurement by a Calibration-Free MRI Method

Non-invasive oxygen saturation (O2 sat) measurement in the cardiac chambers and blood vessels would be clinically valuable in congenital heart disease, heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. A calibration-free magnetic resonance (MR) technique for accurate, patient-specific O2 sat measurement was developed and compared against the invasive reference method. The dependence of blood O2 sat on the effective transverse relaxation time (T2) is characterized by the Luz-Meiboom (L-M) model. It includes patient-specific parameters such as hematocrit and O2 sat, and MR-specific parameters such as field strength and inter-echo spacing. Additional unknown parameters characterize physical and magnetic blood properties. We hypothesize that O2 sat can be determined accurately from this complex model by acquiring a set of effective blood T2 values at distinct inter-echo spacings, and jointly fitting the T2 data to the L-M model to estimate all unknown parameters, including O2 sat. A porcine model (n = 7) was studied with graded hypoxemia across a range of O2 sat levels. To generate a set of effective blood T2 measurements, four distinct blood T2 maps were acquired (~3 minutes) at each hypoxemia stage. O2 sat estimated using two forms of the L-M model with four (Model 1) and six (Model 2) unknown parameters was compared to reference O2 sat measured from invasive catheterization samples. The linear regression and Bland Altman plots in Figure 1 show O2 sat estimated by the proposed technique against the reference measurement. O2 sat estimation with Model 1 demonstrated a higher correlation (1a, R 2 = 0.90, p = 3.1e-14) with the reference method compared to Model 2 (1c, R 2 = 0.83, p = 3.7e-11). The bias with the reference method was not significant for Model 1 (1b, -0.9 ± 3.7%, p =0.20) and Model 2 (1d, -1.7 ± 6.1%, p = 0.15). A calibration-free MRI method has been presented for non-invasive measurement of O2 sat. Results from a porcine model show high correlation with invasive blood gas analysis.
Toward Decentralised Consensus and Offloading for Area Coverage in a Fleet of Drones

A precise and dynamic visual coverage of a given area is an essential task in many smart contexts, ranging from civil communities to military applications. Due to the last years advancement in hardware miniaturization and efficiency, area coverage is often performed with a combination of static and moving devices, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). Drones are useful to cope with the highly unpredictability and dynamicity of environments, but require specific and efficient solutions toward and efficient area coverage. In this paper we proposes an initial work toward a drone-based approach for the task of area coverage. In particular, we focus our analysis on the following points: (i) decentralized consensus for movement planning, and (ii) the integration of cloud computing infrastructures and technologies for computation offloading, both for image analysis and movement planning.
Investigating Plasma Amino Acids for Differentiating Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Peers.

Abstract Background Plasma amino acid measurements have been extensively investigated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results thus far have been inconclusive as studies generally disagree on which amino acids are different in individuals with ASD versus their typically developing (TD) peers, due in part to methodological limitations of several studies. Method This paper investigates plasma amino acids in children and adults with ASD using data from Arizona State University’s Comprehensive Nutritional and Dietary Intervention Study. Measurements from 64 individuals with ASD and 49 TD controls were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Results Univariate analysis indicated increased median levels of glutamate (+21%, p = 0.014) and serine (+8%, p = 0.043), and increased mean levels of hydroxyproline (+17%, p = 0.018) for the ASD cohort, although these differences were insignificant after correcting for multiple comparisons. A multivariate approach was used to classify study participants into ASD/TD cohorts using Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) and its nonlinear extension, kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA). Model fitting with FDA using all available measurements produced Type I and Type II errors of 27.0% and 27.8%, respectively. KFDA was most effective when using hydroxyproline, leucine, and threonine as inputs; however, leave-one-out cross-validation with this nonlinear model only resulted in 70.3% sensitivity and 77.6% specificity. Conclusions The finding of elevated glutamate in ASD is in agreement with several other studies. Overall, however, these results suggest that plasma amino acid measurements are of limited use for purposes of ASD classification, which may explain some of the inconsistencies in results presented in the literature.
Early Results of Surgical Treatment of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears in Children and Adolescents

Purpose To investigate the clinical results and patient-reported outcomes following surgical treatment for triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears in the pediatric and adolescent population. Methods We reviewed 149 patients with 153 arthroscopy-confirmed TFCC tears. Mean age at surgery was 15.5 years (range, 7–19 years). There were 86 females. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging were used to characterize bony and soft tissue pathology. Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity Short Form assessed functional outcomes. Median patient follow-up was 21.8 months (IQR:5.9-55.4). Results Pre-operatively, all patients had wrist pain or instability with activities. The median pre-operative MMWS was 80 (interquartile range [IQR], 65–90). Fifty-six (35%) presented with positive ulnar variance. Concomitant pathology included distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability (14%), ulnocarpal impaction (20%), ulnar styloid nonunion (33%), and distal radius growth arrest (30%). On arthroscopy, there were 15 (10%) isolated 1A, 79 (52%) 1B, 1 (1%) 1C, 30 (20%) 1D tears, and 25 (16%) cases of multiple tears. Twenty-six percent of wrists underwent TFCC debridement, 68% arthroscopy-assisted repair, 6% both for combined tears. Fifty-one percent of wrists underwent bony procedures—most commonly ulnar-shortening osteotomy to achieve neutral ulnar variance (40%) and symptomatic ulnar styloid nonunion excision with concomitant TFCC repair (39%). At final follow-up, pain, wrist range of motion, DRUJ stability, ulnar variance, and MMWS (median, 95 [IQR, 86.5–100]) improved significantly. The median PROMIS T-score at final follow-up was 57 (IQR, 45–57). The MMWS was better in those with concomitant bony procedures at index surgery than those with only repair or debridement of TFCC tears. Conclusions Most pediatric TFCC tears are posttraumatic and peripheral. Surgical treatment of TFCC tears and concomitant pathology in the pediatric and adolescent population results in decreased pain, improved motion and stability, and excellent functional outcomes in the majority of patients. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
The Alcohol-to-Jet Conversion Pathway for Drop-In Biofuels: Techno-Economic Evaluation.

The alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) process is a method for the conversion of alcohols to an alternative jet fuel blendstock based on catalytic steps historically utilized by the petroleum refining and petrochemical industry. This pathway provides a means for producing a sustainable alternative jet fuel (SAJF) from a wide variety of resources and offers a near-term opportunity for alcohol producers to enter the SAJF market and for the aviation sector to meet growing SAJF demand. Herein, the technical background is reviewed and selected variations of ATJ processes evaluated. Simulation and modeling were employed to assess some ATJ conversion schemes, with a particular focus on comparisons between the use of an ethanol or isobutanol intermediate. Although the utilization of isobutanol offers a 34 % lower conversion cost for the catalytic upgrading process, the cost of alcohol production is estimated to contribute more than 80 % of the total cost at the refinery. The cost of feedstock and alcohol production has a dominant effect on the overall process economics.
Phase-Plane Methods to Analyse Power System Transient Stability

Phase plane analysis is one of the most important techniques for studying the behavior of dynamic systems, especially in the nonlinear case. Recent research shows that transient stability problem of a power system following a large disturbance such as a fault can be solved with greater efficiency based on phase plane analysis.
Factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus test utilization and infection: a population-based study of uninsured and underinsured women

Current cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend a Pap test every 3 years for women age 21–65 years, or for women 30–65 years who want to lengthen the screening interval, a combination of Pap test and high-risk human papilloma virus testing (co-testing) every 5 years. Little population-based data are available on human papilloma virus test utilization and human papilloma virus infection rates. The objective of this study was to examine the patient-level, cervical cancer screening, and area-level factors associated with human papilloma virus testing and infection among a diverse sample of uninsured and underinsured women enrolled in the New Jersey Cancer Early Education and Detection (NJCEED) Program. We used data for a sample of 50,510 uninsured/underinsured women, age ≥ 29 years, who screened for cervical cancer through NJCEED between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between ever having a human papilloma virus test or a positive test result, and individual- (age, race/ethnicity, birthplace) and area-level covariates (% below federal poverty level, % minority, % uninsured), and number of screening visits. Only 26.6% (13,440) of the sample had at least one human papilloma virus test. Among women who underwent testing, 13.3% (1792) tested positive for human papilloma virus. Most women who were positive for human papilloma virus (99.4%) had their first test as a co-test. Human papilloma virus test utilization and infection were significantly associated with age, race/ethnicity, birthplace (country), and residential area-level poverty. Rates of human papilloma virus testing and infection also differed significantly across counties in the state of New Jersey. These findings suggest that despite access to no-cost cervical cancer screening for eligible women, human papilloma virus test utilization was relatively low among diverse, uninsured and underinsured women in New Jersey, and test utilization and infection were associated with individual-level and area-level factors.
A Simplified Mathematical Model for PV Cell Simulation

A simplified mathematical model for the derivation of a non-ideal two-diode PV cell is presented in this paper. The authenticity of the derived model is seen via the 14% efficiency calculation garnered at the end of the Simulink simulation. While many models were mathematically derived and incorporated into the final model, these were not displayed due to space restrictions. Upon finding the optimized parameters, the researcher can then design a far more efficient and cost-effective PV cell.