cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suppression of uterine activity and abortion by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Abstract The premise had been examined that the evolution of uterine activity, provoked by progesterone (P)-deficiency and consequent prostaglandin (PG)-dominance, can be suppressed in patients by inhibiting PG-synthesis. In 20 midtrimester pregnant women: P-deficiency, evolution of intrauterine pressure (IUP), oxytocin response (OR) and abortion, had been induced by the hypertonic saline technique and the changes in P and E2 levels and in IUP and OR measured sequentially. According to a “double blind” protocol, 10 volunteers received placebo, while another 10 were treated during 14 hours with 1050 mg naproxen ⋆ , an inhibitor of PG-synthesis. Significant decrease in plasma progesterone (P delayed by ∼30 hours. This significant delay in all the measured parameters (P
Virtue and Happiness in the Law Book of Manu

The Manava Dharmasastra (Manu) dates to a period, roughly at the turn of the first millennium, which saw enormous political and social changes in India. Widely regarded as the most comprehensive and authoritative treatise ( eâstra ) on dharma, the work engages in a grand synthesis (Kane 1930-62; Banerjee 1980; Jha 1999; Doniger and Smith 1991; Olivelle 2004). Its likely authors were Brahmans who set out to deal with the precarious status of Brahmanical hegemony in the face of ascendant Buddhist, Jaina and foreign influence, not only in the domain of religion but in politics, law, and society in general. The rise of states and empires, with major urban centers governed by kings who were sympathetic to other religions, along with growing populations of increasing diversity all
The Compulsory Exchange of Populations : Greek-Turkish Peacemaking, 1922–1930

AbstractAs a precedent in the resolution of Middle Eastern crises, the settlement of the embittered Greek- Turkish conflict of 1919–1922 constitutes a landmark. The swiftness and comprehensiveness of the settlement was hailed from the moment it was formally achieved by the Lausanne Peace Treaty of 23 July 1923. It has been rendered even more impressive since World War II by what, until recently at least, has seemed like the intractable Arab-Israeli dispute.
Microstructure and ambient properties of a Sialon composite prepared by hot pressing and reactive sintering of β–Si3N4 coated with Al2O3

A composite microstructure, consisting of β-Sialon, O-Sialon, and X-Sialon phases was produced by coating β–Si3N4 particles with amorphous alumina followed by hot pressing and reactive sintering at 1923 K. The particle coating procedure was selected over conventional powder blending in order to promote heterogeneous nucleation of β-Sialon grains on β–Si3N4 particles uniformly. The microstructure, chemistry of the phases, and interphase interfaces of this ceramic were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution analytical electron microscopy (AEM). Both electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) x-ray microanalysis in AEM revealed that b-Sialon grains had varying aluminum and oxygen contents. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) examination of several interphase interfaces and triple junctions suggests that the amount of glassy phase in the produced ceramic is substantially lower compared to those reported in the literature. This is of importance of high temperature properties. The fracture toughness and wear properties were evaluated at room temperature. Available data indicate that the fracture toughness and wear of β-Sialon composite can be significantly improved by the powder coating technique compared to the conventional powder blending technique.
The Islamic Factor in Nationalism and Nation‐Building in Uzbekistan: Causative Agent or Inhibitor?

Nationalism became the bane of the Soviet empire. The disintegration of the USSR due to nationalistic forces has occurred with a swiftness that few, if any, Western Sovietologists anticipated. The four Central Asian states, with high rates of population growth and a strategic location at the crossroads of Europe, the Middle East and South Asia, now acquire a new significance. Of these Uzbekistan, with a population of twenty million, seventy percent of whom belong to the titular national group, looms largest in terms of demographic and economic potential. The population of Uzbekistan is almost twice as large as the other nascent Central Asian nations combined, and despite severe ecological damage, produces almost two thirds of the cotton in the region, along with natural gas, gold and other minerals.
Feasibility of frequent patient-reported outcome surveillance in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), provide a patient-centered description of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)-related toxicity. These data characterize the patient experience after HCT and may have prognostic usefulness for long-term outcomes after HCT. We conducted a study of 32 patients after HCT (10 autologous HCT recipients, 11 full-intensity conditioning allogeneic HCT recipients, and 11 reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic HCT recipients) to determine the feasibility of weekly electronic PRO collection from HCT until day (D) +100. We used questions from the PRO version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events to capture symptoms, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health scale to measure physical and mental HRQOL. The vast majority (94%) of patients used the electronic PRO system, with only 6% opting for paper-and-pencil only. The median weekly percentage of participants who completed the surveys was 100% in all cohorts through hospital discharge, and remained 100% for the autologous HCT and reduced-intensity allogeneic HCT cohorts through D+100. Patients were satisfied with the electronic system, giving high marks for readability, comfort, and questionnaire length. Symptom severity varied by absolute level and type of symptom across the 3 cohorts, with the full-intensity allogeneic HCT cohort exhibiting the greatest median overall symptom severity, peaking at D+7. Median physical health HRQOL scores decreased with time in the 3 cohorts, and HRQOL was generally correlated with overall symptom severity. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of frequent electronic PROs in the early post-HCT period. Future studies in larger populations to explore predictive models using frequent PRO data for outcomes, including long-term HRQOL and survival, are warranted.
Modeling grassland primary productivity using piecewise stationary, piecewise linear mathematics

Abstract A methodology for characterizing a complex ecological process — primary production — using linear mathematics is presented. The resulting model uses a limiting factor approach for calculating realized productivity based on prevailing conditions of moisture, temperature, incident radiation and available nutrients. Processes such as leaching and respiration are keyed to environmental variables. Simulation values are presented and compared to measured data.
Cocaine self-administration enhances excitatory responses of pyramidal neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex to human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a critical role in reward-motivated behaviors. Repeated cocaine exposure dysregulates the dorsal mPFC, and this is thought to contribute to cocaine-seeking and relapse of abstinent abusers. Neuropathology of the mPFC also occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals, and this is exaggerated in those who also abuse cocaine. The impact of the comorbid condition on mPFC neuronal function is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a behavioral and electrophysiological study utilising adult male rats that self-administered cocaine by pressing a lever for 14 oncedaily operant sessions. Saline-yoked (SAL-yoked) rats served as controls. Cue reactivity (CR) was used to indicate drug-seeking, assessed by re-exposing the rats to cocaine-paired cues wherein non-reinforced lever pressing was quantified 1 day (CR1) and 18–21 days (CR2) after the 14th operant session. Only cocaine self-administration (COC-SA) rats showed CR. One day after CR2, brain slices were prepared for electrophysiological assessment. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of dorsal (prelimbic) mPFC pyramidal neurons from COC-SA rats showed a significant increase in firing evoked by depolarizing currents as compared with those from SAL-yoked control rats. Bath application of the toxic HIV-1 protein transactivator of transcription (Tat) also depolarized neuronal membranes and increased evoked firing. The Tat-induced excitation was greater in the neurons from withdrawn COC-SA rats than in controls. Tat also reduced spike amplitude, and this co-varied with cocaine-seeking during CR2. Taken together, these novel findings provide support at the neuronal level for the concept that the increased excitability of mPFC pyramidal neurons following cocaine self-administration drives drug-seeking and augments the neuropathophysiology caused by HIV-1 Tat.
Monochorionic dizygotic twins in a spontaneous pregnancy: a rare case report

Traditionally, monochorionicity in multiple pregnancies is associated with monozygocity. We present a case of a spontaneous, monochorionic dizygotic, sex-discordant twin pregnancy. The diagnosis of monochorionicity was initially done during first-trimester ultrasound evaluation and then confirmed by postnatal placental pathology. Furthermore, both twins were found to have blood chimerism. We also review the literature on dizygotic-monochorionic twins and blood-chimerism. We suggest that further prospective postnatal genetic studies are needed to define the reliability of prenatal diagnosis of identical twins in cases of monochorionicity.
Teachers’ perspectives on mathematics education research reports

Abstract Practicing teachers’ perspectives on a set of mathematics education research reports are described. Data were gathered through email messages, group discussions, and questionnaires. Teachers identified positive influences of research on practice aligned with some of the strands of proficient mathematics teaching identified by Kilpatrick, Swafford, and Findell [2001. Adding it up: Helping children learn mathematics . Washington, DC: National Academy Press]. Teachers also gave negative critiques of the ability of research to influence practice aligned with Kennedy's [1997. The connection between research and practice. Educational Researcher , 26 (7), 4–12.] discussion of historical factors underlying the gap between educational research and practice. The variety of perspectives documented provides some empirical ground for informing actions in the areas of teacher education and research.
A critical evaluation of the analytical blank associated with DOC measurements by high-temperature catalytic oxidation

Abstract The sources, magnitudes and variability of analytical blanks produced during dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements by high-temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) were investigated using a Shimadzu TOC analyzer and several types of catalysts. The major source of carbon contamination contribution to the blank was derived from the catalyst during the combustion process. Platinized-alumina catalysts from Shimadzu, Aldrich and Sumitomo produced substantial blanks that decreased to fairly constant levels (10–50 μM C) with increasing usage of the catalyst. A platinized quartz catalyst from Shimadzu produced a lower blank (approximately 6 μM C) with relatively little conditioning, whereas combusted (850°C) quartz chips produced a higher blank (approximately 19 μM C). In light of these findings, it is apparent that the blank should be monitored on a regular basis and accounted for during the analysis of samples.
Construction live loads on slab formworks before concrete placement

Abstract A description is given of a survey of live loads on slab formworks in multistory concrete buildings during construction. The survey was conducted during the period 1987 to 1990 and embraced over 22 concrete building projects in several different cities. In this survey, data were collected on the materials and equipment stored on slab formworks and the worker's load. The live loads supported by slab formworks change continously during construction. This paper studies the live loads on formworks before the concrete slab is poured. The survey procedure and a statistical analysis of the collected data are presented. The statistical moments of equivalent uniformly distributed loads for formwork member load effects are obtained by using the covariance function developed for the observed live loads and formwork member load effect influence surfaces. A distribution function for formwork member load effects is investigated and fractiles of the calculated equivalent uniformly distributed loads are compared with the current formwork minimum design load recommendations.
Solid‐state NMR study of spin finish of thermally treated PAN and PAN/CNT precursor fibers

Dry-jet wet-spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) precursor fibers coated by spin finishes were characterized using the solid-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Series of fiber samples were prepared upon thermal treatment at different temperatures (room temperature to 180°C). Using the Hahn echo sequence, relatively mobile components were identified and the effect of the heat treatment on those components was studied. It was observed that the mobile components are mainly the spin finishes. Heat treatment caused loss of one of the spin finishes (Type B) to a great extent (∼80%), whereas the other two spin finishes (Type A and Type C) were more stable. Additional information regarding the change in molecular mobility due to heat treatment was obtained by the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) analysis. It was found that the presence of CNT affects the T1 relaxation time of the polymer in the composite fiber, however, that of relatively mobile components remains unaffected. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40734.
On normal structure, fixed-point property and contractions of type ()

We prove that a Banach space X has normal structure provided it contains a finite codimensional subspace Y such that all spreading models for Y have normal structure. We show that a Banach space X is strictly convex if the set of fixed points of any nonexpansive map defined in any convex subset C C X is convex and give a sufficient condition for uniform convexity of a space in terms of nonexpansive map of type (y).
AS-quenched Cu-10.9at.% Be

Abstract Diffuse X-ray scattering, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering were examined to investigate the local atomic structure, static strains and phonon dispersion in a single crystal of a Cu-10.9at.% Be in the as-quenched state. There is a nearly regular array of small ellipsoidal Be-clusters aligned along 〈1 1 0〉 directions. (This array produces the tweed structure seen in TEM.) The density of these clusters is 7.5 × 1026m−3. The 〈h h 0〉 † diffuse streaks seen in electron diffraction patterns are due mostly to thermal diffuse scattering. The phonon dispersion curves have no large differences from those of pure Cu, except at the [ξξξ]t zone boundary, where there is softening. This difference may be due to a Kohn anomaly. The elastic anisotropy of this alloy increases considerably with alloying, which probably leads to the plate-like GP zone morphology in subsequent aging treatments.
Improved estimators with the weighted and compounded loss functions

A procedure for obtaining improved estimators for the case of the weighted and compounded convex loss function is proposed. For obtaining these estimators, there is no need for the prior evaluation of the risk function. For illustration, estimation of the mean of the multinormal distribution and the parameters of the multiple regression model are considered.
A World Awash with Nitrogen

For most of the history of the biosphere, nitrogen has swirled tantalizingly out of reach: In the form of inert N2 gas (78% of the modern atmosphere), it was available only to certain bacteria and cyanobacteria capable of producing the nitrogenase enzyme that breaks the strong N–N triple bond. Even these nitrogen fixers cannot liberally fix nitrogen because of the high energy costs of running nitrogenase and the high demands for other elements needed to produce nitrogenase. It is for this reason that plant and algal biomass and productivity of many ecosystems are limited by nitrogen ( 1 ) and that the supply of nitrogen plays a major role in structuring plant communities ( 2 ). A report by Holtgrieve et al. on page 1545 of this issue ( 3 ) and other recent studies ( 4 , 5 ) shed light on the extent to which human activities have changed nitrogen availability, with implications for ecosystems around the world.
Overall rate constant measurements of the reaction of chloroalkylperoxy radicals with nitric oxide.

The overall rate constants of the NO reaction with chloroalkylperoxy radicals derived from the Cl-initiated oxidation of several atmospherically abundant alkenesethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene,...
Viability and phagocytosis of neutrophils exposed in vitro to 100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation

Rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN, neutrophils) obtained from peritoneal exudate were exposed in vitro for one-half or one hour to continuous wave or amplitude-modulated (20-Hz) 100-MHz RF radiation in a temperature-controlled coaxial exposure chamber at field strengths from 2.5 to 4.1 V/cm (SARs of 120 to 341 W/kg). RF exposure at 37 +/- 0.2 degrees C had no detectable effect on PMN viability or phagocytosis compared to sham-exposed cells simultaneously subjected to the same time-temperature regime. Temperature control studies indicated that at 37 degrees C no effect on PMN viability would be expected but phagocytosis would be reduced by approximately 6%/degrees C temperature increase. The absence of an effect of RF exposure suggests that there was minimal undetected intrasample heating and that phagocytosis was not affected by 100-MHz RF radiation under the conditions of this study.
Fulminant human herpesvirus six encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected infant

Self-limited involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is a relatively common complication of primary infection with human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) in normal children. We describe an HIV-infected infant who developed fulminant encephalitis as a complication of HHV-6 infection. Immunohistochemical staining of CNS tissue demonstrated productive infection of all CNS cell-types. Analysis of the infected brain tissue by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of a dense HHV-6 infection in the tissue, and demonstrated that the virus present in the CNS tissue was predominantly the A variant of HHV-6. This is the first demonstration of invasive tissue disease caused by HHV-6 in an HIV-infected infant.
The Impact of Perceived Familiarity and Perceived Importance on Economic Reasoning in Time-Allocation Decisions

Is rational-choice behavior a natural independent decision-making process or is it called upon only with sufficient information and training? Laney tests this proposition among high school seniors.
WHO WORKS WITH THE ELDERLY? A STUDY OF PERSONNEL IN GERONTOLOGICAL SETTINGS

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the amount of formal coursework in the field of aging and the degree of positive attitudes demonstrated by professional workers in gerontological settings. Information was gathered to determine if there is a relationship between increased formal education in aging and commitment to the field. Although no significant relationship was found between the numbers of courses taken, positive attitudes, or the degree of commitment, the data did show that the more years a person works in the field the stronger the commitment that person holds for continued work in the aging field.
Quantum Dots from Chemical Aerosol Flow Synthesis: Preparation, Characterization, and Cellular Imaging

CdTeSe and CdTeS ternary quantum dots (QDs) that fluoresce in the red to near-IR regions have been prepared using chemical aerosol flow synthesis (CAFS). Changing the composition ratio of Te to Se permits bandgap tuning of CdTeSe QDs, and replacing selenium with sulfur in the precursor solution increased the quantum efficiency of CdTe QDs up to ∼37%, because of better surface passivation of the CdS outer shell that grows on top of the CdTe core. ICP-MS and XPS analyses showed the internal structure of these ternary QDs had a gradient in the Se/Te concentration ratio with a CdTe-rich core. A simple phase transfer reaction rendered CdTeSe QDs water-soluble, and the water-soluble CdTeSe QDs were evaluated as a fluorescence labeling agent for intracellular imaging applications. A blue shift in the photoluminescence of CdTeSe QDs was observed over time both in living cells and in solutions under air exposed to light, which is attributed to photo-oxidation of the outer shell.
A survey of oesophageal cancer: pathology, stage and clinical presentation

Summary Background Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Previously, oesophageal cancer was mainly squamous cell, presenting late with dysphagia and weight loss. Aims To examine the distribution of oesophageal cancer histopathology at a large, urban hospital; to determine the tumour stage and symptoms at presentation; and to evaluate the impact of endoscopic surveillance in Barrett's oesophagus. Methods From 1999 to 2004, all patients diagnosed with oesophageal cancer were evaluated retrospectively for demographics and tumour stage at presentation using endoscopic ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Results A total of 131 patients were included. 81% of tumours were adenocarcinomas; most localized to the distal oesophagus (97%). Patients presented with dysphagia (56%), pain (30%) and/or weight loss (16%). Irrespective of histology, locally advanced lesions accounted for most cases. Thirteen patients had lesions detected in Barrett's surveillance; these were early or intermediate stage in nine patients, but late stage in four patients. Conclusions Adenocarcinoma has become the dominant histologic subtype, comprising 81% of proven malignancies. Despite a change in histopathology, most cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage, presenting with dysphagia, pain and/or weight loss. Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus allows earlier diagnosis of cancer in most, but not all, patients.
Fundamentals of Glass‐to‐Metal Bonding: IV, Wettability of Gold and Platinum by Molten Sodium DisiIicate

Further studies were made on the effect of the nature of the atmosphere on the wetting of gold and platinum by sodium disilicate at 1000°C. The gases were oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and several mixtures of some of these gases. Data reported were obtained in the pressure range 10 -5 mm. of Hg to approximately 1 mm. of Hg. A special experimental apparatus was constructed for this purpose. In this pressure range the results showed that the wetting of gold was unaffected by these atmospheres. The platinum-sodium disilicate contact angle, on the other hand, depended on the nature and pressure of the gas. This angle was affected most by atmospheres of water vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and oxygen. Water vapor was found to be easily displaced from the metal by oxygen. The results were interpreted on the basis of selective adsorption of the gases at the various metal interfaces and of absorption of oxygen and hydrogen by platinum.
Oral breathing challenge in participants with vocal attrition.

Vocal folds undergo osmotic challenge by mouth breathing during singing, exercising, and loud speaking. Just 15 min of obligatory oral breathing, to dry the vocal folds, increases phonation thresho...
Carboplatin plus Oral Etoposide in the Management of Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Forty-two patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with carboplatin (300, 350 or 400 mg/nr) and 21 days of oral etoposide (50 mg/m2/day). Thirty-three pati
Control and controllability: beliefs and behaviour in high and low expressed emotion relatives.

Background. Expressed emotion (EE) is a measure of the family environment that is a well replicated psychosocial predictor of psychiatric relapse. Theoretical models of EE place heavy emphasis on the notion of control. We explored the extent to which high and low EE relatives made both attributions of control about patients and engaged in controlling behaviours. Methods. Trained raters who were blind to information about EE coded interviews with 35 relatives of patients with schizophrenia and 42 relatives of patients with unipolar depression. Relatives were rated on two reliable scales that assessed relatives' tendencies to make illness controllability attributions and relatives' efforts to exert direct behavioural control over patients. Results. In both the schizophrenia and depressed groups, high-EE relatives attributed more control to their ill family members than did low EE relatives. They also behaved in a more controlling manner. Examination of patients' clinical outcomes during a 9-month follow-up period revealed that high levels of behavioural control on the part of relatives significantly predicted relapse in patients with schizophrenia but not in patients with depression. Conclusions. These findings support the attribution-based model of EE. They further suggest that controlling behaviours on the part of relatives may mediate the EE-relapse link in schizophrenia. Such behaviours may be important targets for modification in family-based interventions for schizophrenia.
School psychologists' diagnoses of learning disabilities: A study of illusory correlation

Abstract We examined whether school psychologists based diagnoses of learning disabilities on irrelevant data. Nationally certified school psychologists received case study material containing both relevant and irrelevant information for diagnosing a learning disability. The psychologists indicated (a) the probability that the client was learning-disabled, (b) their confidence in the diagnosis, and (c) their decision-making strategy. They tended to base diagnostic decisions on false beliefs, which we discuss in respect to prior research on illusory correlation.
Chemotopic representations of aromatic odorants in the rat olfactory bulb.

Our laboratory has characterized spatial patterns of evoked neural activity across the entire glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb using primarily aliphatic odorants that differ systematically in functional groups and hydrocarbon structures. To represent more fully the true range of odorant chemistry, we have investigated aromatic compounds, which have a more rigid molecular structure than most aliphatic compounds and are particularly salient olfactory stimuli for humans. We first investigated glomerular patterns of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in response to aromatic compounds that differ in the nature and position of their functional groups (e.g., xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, tolualdehydes, benzaldehydes, methyl toluates, and anisaldehydes). We also studied the effects of systematic increases in the number and length of alkyl substituents. We found that most aromatic compounds activated glomeruli in the dorsal part of the bulb. Within this general area, aromatic odorants with oxygen-containing substituents favored activation of more rostral regions, and aromatic hydrocarbons activated more posterior regions. The nature of substituents greatly affected the pattern of glomerular activation, whereas isomers differing in substitution position evoked very similar overall patterns. These relationships between the structure of aromatic compounds and their spatial representation in the bulb are contrasted with our previous findings with aliphatic odorants.
Slowing down fast mapping:Redefining the dynamics of word learning

In this article, we review literature on word learning and propose a theoretical account of how lexical knowledge and word use emerge and develop over time. We contend that the developing lexical system is built on processes that support children's in-the-moment word usage interacting with processes that create long-term learning. We argue for a new characterization of word learning in which simple mechanisms like association and competition, and the interaction between the two, guide children's selection of referents and word use in the moment. This in turn strengthens and refines the network of relationships in the lexicon, improving referent selection and use in future encounters with words. By integrating in-the-moment word use with long-term learning through simple domain-general mechanisms, this account highlights the dynamic nature of word learning and creates a broader framework for understanding language and cognitive development more generally.
Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet, Hα, Infrared, and Radio Star Formation in M81

We present Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) observations of M81 at 24, 70, and 160 μm. The grand design nature of M81 is clearly seen, showing two well-resolved spiral arms containing numerous bright star-forming regions. The MIPS images reveal a significant amount of cold dust associated with the spiral arms. We investigate the variation of the ultraviolet (UV), Hα, and infrared (IR) luminosities and star formation rate (SFR) indicators across the face of M81 using the MIPS images and archival UV and Hα images. For regions in M81, we find that UV and Hα SFRs (uncorrected for dust attenuation) are always lower than the IR SFR. The cause of this behavior is dust attenuation and/or using SFR calibrations appropriate for entire galaxies, not regions in galaxies. The characteristics of the dust attenuation for the regions indicate the dust grains and/or geometry are different from those in starburst galaxies. The behavior of the infrared-radio correlation in M81 is seen to vary from the global average, with variations correlated with the morphology of M81.
Measurement of the microwave absorption for small samples in a coaxial line

Microwave absorption measurements in terms of power loss per unit volume of very small liquid and solid samples (0.003-2.6 mu L) contained in capillaries inserted across the dielectric of a coaxial line have been made between 2 and 26.5 GHz. This perturbation technique makes it possible to measure small differences in the absorption of the samples in a swept fashion. The measured value of the microwave absorption of heavy and light water is within 10% of the value calculated from published values of the dielectric constant at all frequencies up to the highest frequency measured and within 5% at frequencies ( >
Information Sharing Across Institutions to Enhance Operations of Psychiatric Emergency Rooms in New York City

Introduction by the column editors: This column demonstrates the use of an electronic mailing list (e-list) to generate a collaborative problem-solving process. The process is modeled on key features of the academic curriculum of the Columbia University Public Psychiatry Fellowship (PPF) (ppf.hs.columbia.edu). PPF alumni who encounter management problems at their worksite may present these concerns to current PPF fellows and faculty and lead a discussion aimed at identifying potential solutions. This column describes one such solution that involves information sharing among psychiatrists working in busy psychiatric emergency rooms in New York City. It describes variations in management approaches and the sharing of promising practices as informed by the e-list discussion. Ravi N. Shah,M.D.,M.B.A., a Columbia psychiatry resident, and Kendra Campbell, M.D., a PPF fellow and emergency psychiatry fellow, established the e-list and communicatedwith psychiatric emergency roomdirectors and attending physicians in New York City to facilitate discussion of management approaches. Readers are invited to submit suggestions for e-list discussions of management problems to column editor Jules Ranz, M.D. (e-mail: jmr1@columbia.edu).
Use of Macrolides and Tetracyclines for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

OBJECTIVE:To review the efficacy of macrolides and tetracyclines in several chronic inflammatory conditions.DATA SOURCES:Searches of MEDLINE (1966–March 2004) and an extensive bibliography search were undertaken. Key terms included acne, blepharitis, cardiovascular disease, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, rosacea, and rheumatoid arthritis.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Data were obtained primarily from randomized placebo-controlled trials upon which key recommendations are based.DATA SYNTHESIS:Antibiotics are often prescribed for months or even years for treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as acne, blepharitis, cardiovascular disease, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, rosacea, and rheumatoid arthritis. Randomized controlled trials have shown that azithromycin is useful in the management of cystic fibrosis and the tetracyclines are beneficial in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, acne, blepharitis, and periodontitis. Several large, randomized controlled trials have failed to show any ...
MEG-based brain functional connectivity analysis using eConnectome

eConnectome (electrophysiological Connectome) is an open-source MATLAB software platform with graphical user interfaces for mapping and imaging brain functional connectivity from electrophysiological signals including EEG, ECoG and MEG. We introduce the software platform and report the newly included functionality of MEG connectivity analysis. Simulated and real MEG data were analyzed using the eConnectome. The results indicate the validity of the eConnectome for brain activity and connectivity mapping from MEG data.
Continental Drift: The Disjunction of North and Sub-Saharan Africa

Research and popular imaginative views of Africa in the last few decades have tended to leave out the northern region, even when referring to the continent as a whole. In many academic disciplines, "Africa" and "The Arab World" are mutually exclusive labels, and separating between North and sub-Saharan Africa has become accepted to such an extent that it has shaped our perception of African Studies as a field. How have literatures of the two regions come to be separated and so rarely studied together despite strong links caused by geographic proximity? Why have scholars of African literatures focused largely on sub-Saharan Africa? To begin answering these questions, it is necessary not only to address literary mat- ters—including issues such as the impact of the publishing industry in codifying a canon of African literature, but also to consider factors relating to the political climate of the twentieth century.
Role of medical students in preventing patient harm and enhancing patient safety

Background: Substantial efforts are focused on the high prevalence of patient harm due to medical errors and the mechanisms to prevent them. The potential role of the medical student as a valuable member of the team in preventing patient harm has, however, often been overlooked. Methods: Four cases are presented from two US academic health centers in which medical students prevented or were in a position to prevent patient harm from occurring. The authors directly participated in each case. Results: The types of harm prevented included averting non-sterile conditions, missing medications, mitigating exposure to highly contagious patients, and respecting patients’ “do not resuscitate” requests. Conclusion: Medical students are often overlooked as valuable participants in ensuring patient safety. These cases show that medical students may be an untapped resource for medical error prevention. Medical students should be trained to recognize errors and to speak up when errors occur. Those supervising students should welcome and encourage students to actively communicate observed errors and near misses and should work to eliminate all intimidation by medical hierarchy that can prevent students from being safety advocates.
Purine catabolism in Escherichia coli and function of xanthine dehydrogenase in purine salvage.

Escherichia coli is not known to utilize purines, other than adenine and adenosine, as nitrogen sources. We reinvestigated purine catabolism because a computer analysis suggested several potential ς54-dependent promoters within a 23-gene cluster whose products have homology to purine catabolic enzymes. Our results did not provide conclusive evidence that the ς54-dependent promoters are active. Nonetheless, our results suggest that some of the genes are metabolically significant. We found that even though several purines did not support growth as the sole nitrogen source, they did stimulate growth with aspartate as the nitrogen source. Cells produced 14CO2 from minimal medium containing [14C]adenine, which implies allantoin production. However, neither ammonia nor carbamoyl phosphate was produced, which implies that purine catabolism is incomplete and does not provide nitrogen during nitrogen-limited growth. We constructed strains with deletions of two genes whose products might catalyze the first reaction of purine catabolism. Deletion of one eliminated 14CO2 production from [14C]adenine, which implies that its product is necessary for xanthine dehydrogenase activity. We changed the name of this gene to xdhA. The xdhA mutant grew faster with aspartate as a nitrogen source. The mutant also exhibited sensitivity to adenine, which guanosine partially reversed. Adenine sensitivity has been previously associated with defective purine salvage resulting from impaired synthesis of guanine nucleotides from adenine. We propose that xanthine dehydrogenase contributes to this purine interconversion.
Externalizing Psychopathology and Behavioral Disinhibition: Working Memory Mediates Signal Discriminability and Reinforcement Moderates Response Bias in Approach-Avoidance Learning

Research has suggested that reduced working memory capacity plays a key role in disinhibited patterns of behavior associated with externalizing psychopathology. In this study, participants (N = 365) completed 2 versions of a go/no-go mixed-incentive learning task that differed in the relative frequency of monetary rewards and punishments for correct and incorrect active-approach responses, respectively. Using separate structural equation models for conventional (hit and false alarm rates) and signal detection theory (signal discriminability and response bias) performance indices, distinct roles for working memory capacity and changes in payoff structure were found. Specifically, results showed that (a) working memory capacity mediated the effects of externalizing psychopathology on false alarms and discriminability of go versus no-go signals; (b) these effects were not moderated by the relative frequency of monetary rewards and punishments; (c) the relative frequency of monetary rewards and punishments moderated the effects of externalizing psychopathology on hits and response bias for go versus no-go responses; and (d) these effects were not mediated by working memory capacity. The findings implicate distinct roles for reduced working memory capacity and poorly modulated active approach and passive avoidance in the link between externalizing psychopathology and behavioral disinhibition.
NMR Identification of the Formic Acid‐Modified Residue in Alzheimer's Amyloid Protein

The beta/A4-amyloid protein (beta/A4) and many synthetic fragments of this protein have proved to be very difficult to solubilize, leading to the use of relatively harsh chemical methods, most notably, formic acid. This treatment has previously been shown to cause a covalent modification of this peptide. In this study, one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques are used to show that the nature of this covalent modification is formation of a formate ester to a serine residue. This finding is consistent with our previously reported kinetic studies of formic acid-induced modification of beta/A4 and further illustrates the potential danger of solubilizing fragments of beta/A4 in formic acid. Alternative methods of solubilization are discussed.
Ontogenesis of Growth Hormone (GH)-Responsive Hepatic Gene Products: Lack of Correlation with Hepatic GH Receptor Content*

The ontogenesis of hepatic GH receptor content is postulated as a major determinant of expression of hepatic GH-responsive gene products, since the ontogeny of the receptors and the responsive gene products, somatomedin-C, somatomedin- binding protein, and GH-responsive acidic protein, have similar qualitatively ontogenetic patterns. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of in vitro synthesized [35S]methionine-labeled proteins formed in the cell-free mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in response to hepatic RNA was used to quantitate the ontogenetic changes in a family of five GH-responsive gene products (S3, S11, S15, S16, and S20). These gene products were altered 2- to 12-fold by the administration of methionyl-human GH to adult hypophysectomized animals and were not altered by the combined administration of T4, corticosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. The translational activity of three of the five products (S3, S15, and S20) in animals younger than 15 days ranged from 1–12% of the values ...
LGBT Issues and Adult Guardianship: A Comparative Perspective

Guardianship reform has largely overlooked issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, however, present a distinct set of needs and concerns due to certain unique demographic characteristics, the evolving nature of LGBT civil rights, and the stubborn persistence of anti-LGBT bias and prejudice. This chapter explores these LGBT-specific concerns from a comparative perspective and identifies the various ways that seemingly neutral guardianship laws can work to silence LGBT identities and place LGBT families at risk. It concludes that guardianship systems should incorporate safeguards that expressly acknowledge the importance of sexual orientation and gender identity. Respect for a ward’s sexual orientation and gender identity is essential to the concepts of dignity and self-determination that have served as the guiding principles of guardianship reform. In the absence of appropriate safeguards, even guardianship reform driven by a “person-centered philosophy” will ultimately fall short and fail to protect the interests of LGBT individuals and LGBT families.
Usability and Security Patterns

Some authors argue that it can be complicated to build systems with both usability and security, but the reality is that there is no real conflict between these two properties. Certainly, it takes more work to build systems that have the properties of usability and security, but in many cases it is a matter of doing just a good job not miracles. The purpose of this paper is to establish patterns that allow to align both usability and security aspects.
First record of Sorex tenellus from the central Great Basin

Abstract We report the first record of the Inyo shrew, Sorex tenellus, from the central Great Basin. A single specimen was captured in Great Basin National Park at 3,000 m elevation in habitat dominated by Picea engelmanni. This constitutes a northeastern range extension of 300 km into east-central Nevada.
Career and/or Motherhood? Gender and the LDS Church:

This article examines the ways in which the gendered religious schemas pertaining to career and motherhood are set up and reinforced by the Latter Day Saints (LDS) Church and how these schemas affect the everyday lives of Mormons. We show how gender, class, and region intersect and impact how religious individuals interpret gendered religious schemas. Analysis of qualitative interview data shows that for very religious men and women, the gendered cultural schemas of work and motherhood are distinct and tend to constrain women. Considering the intersections of class with gender, the analysis shows that some middle-class Mormons reject oppositional cultural schemas and value work and career for women. Further, we find that Mormons outside of the cultural stronghold of Utah are more likely to reject Mormon religious schemas that pit career and motherhood as competing ideologies. In fact, some women participants describe being enabled in their careers by Mormon religious schemas.
Who's the Boss?: Armentero, Padilla, and the Proper Respondent in Federal Habeas Corpus Law

Armentero v. INS, 340 F.3d 1058 (9th Cir. 2003). Padilla v. Rumsfeld, 352 F.3d 695 (2d Cir. 2003). In addition to its novel Constitutional issues, Padilla v. Rumsfeld1 raises profound procedural questions that will have implications for all federal habeas corpus law. The case's central procedural dilemma the question of who is the proper respondent to a federal habeas petition has been largely ignored by the Supreme Court since the early 1970s and has stimulated a growing divergence among the federal circuits.2 The Second Circuit's Padilla decision, should it stand unquestioned, would further divide the circuits. The Supreme Court's decision in Padilla could become one of the leading cases in habeas law, in large part because of its response to procedural questions. This note argues that the Supreme Court should affirm the more expansive views of the proper respondent adopted by the Second Circuit. As a matter of equity, habeas petitioners such as Padilla should be allowed to name a variety of respondents, and thereby have access to more than one forum for their hearing. On June 9, 2002, by order of the President, Jose Padilla, a United States citizen, was designated an "enemy combatant" and detained without charges in a South Carolina military brig. Padilla filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the Southern District of New York, naming Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as the respondent.3 The success of a habeas petition can depend on the court in which it is filed, and the Padilla case exemplifies the pivotal importance of the selected habeas corpus respondent. The choice of whom to file suit against is critical because a federal court can only hear habeas petitions if it exercises personal jurisdiction over the respondent.4 Before Padilla, courts held, in most cases, that the appropriate respondent was the immediate
Sharps Injuries in the Operating Room Sterile Fields of an Academic Tertiary Care Center

METHODS: Patients undergoing 9 major surgical procedures from 2009 to 2012 were queried using the University HealthSystem Consortium. Hospitals (n1⁄4231) were grouped according to safety-net burden (proportion of Medicaid/uninsured charges for all 12,638,166 patient encounters). Surgical procedure patient cohorts were examined for preoperative characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and resource use.Gamma regressionwas used to analyze the effect of patient and center characteristics on surgical outcomes and costs. Medicare Hospital Compare data was used to characterize the groups of hospitals.
Obscene Languge: The Political Economies, Institutions, and Uses of Bad Language

This paper considers the conditions of possibility such that certain words become bad or shock the sensibilities of the listener. It discusses a brief genealogy of bad language, the institutions created to regulate language, and the rationale behind the institutions of language regulation. Finally, it considers methods of circumventing language regulation institutions and the positive use of bad language to disrupt modes of thinking.
Residual Resistivity Measurements on High RRR Aluminum by the Eddy Current Decay Method

Measurements of resistivity at 4.2 K by the eddy current decay (ECD) method on high RRR aluminum reveal that the ECD primary coil field level may influence results. Measurements are reported for magnetic flux densities of 40 to 400 gauss, on large polycrystalline specimens with nominal RRR values of 5000 and 10,000 as well as on large 15,000-20,000 RRR single crystal specimens. The true “zero-field” resistivity (p“) is determined by extrapolation. A graphical method for determining approximate po values from one measurement of resistivity is presented along with a listing of approximate errors for resistivity measurements at various field levels.