cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Interactions among the Subunits of Replication Factor C Potentiate and Modulate Its ATPase Activity

Replication factor C (RF-C), a complex of five subunits, and several subassemblies of RF-C, representing intermediates along the proposed protein assembly pathway (Podust, V. N., and Fanning, E. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 6303-6310), were expressed in insect cells using baculoviruses encoding individual subunits (p140, p40, p38, p37, and p36). Purified proteins were analyzed for ATPase activity to assess the role of individual subunits in ATP hydrolysis. His-tagged p40 contained low ATPase activity, but tagged p37 and p36 did not. Complexes of p40.p37.p36 bearing a His tag on any subunit displayed DNA-stimulated ATPase activity, in agreement with a recent report (Cai, J., Gibbs, E., Uhlmann, F., Philips, B., Yao, N., O'Donnell, M. , and Hurwitz, J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 18974-18981). In contrast, complex p38.p37.p36-his displayed no ATPase, suggesting that p40 is essential for ATPase activity. Although p38 was not required for ATPase activity, the activity of the p40-his.p38.p37. p36 complex was more salt-resistant than that of the p40-his.p37.p36 complex. The p140 subunit further increased the specific ATPase activity of RF-C complex by enhancing its stimulation by DNA. Taken together, the data indicate that all five RF-C subunits constitute ATPase activity, although the contributions of the individual subunits differ. Predicted ATP-binding domains of all five subunits were mutated to assess the importance of multiple ATP-binding sites of RF-C. In each case, the Lys of the conserved P-loop motif was replaced by Glu. The ATP-binding domain of p38 was found to be dispensable for the activity of the five-subunit RF-C in polymerase delta DNA synthesis. In contrast, mutation of the ATP-binding domains in other RF-C subunits impaired RF-C assembly, function, or both.
Long-time dynamics and control of subsonic flow-structure interactions

In this paper we present recent results concerning nonlinear (von Karman and Berger) flow-structure interactions with a focus on stability, long-time dynamics, and convergence to equilibria. Flow-structure interactions describe the interaction of a flow of gas over a flexible plate. In particular, we (1) outline well-posedness results via nonlinear semigroup methods, (b) analyze damping mechanisms in the plate (interior and boundary), (c) discuss approaches to the study of long-time behavior of solutions (i.e. global compact attracting sets), and (d) present preliminary results concerning the asympototic smoothness of both the von Karman and Berger flow-structure systems with boundary damping. We conclude with an assessment of several open problems for both the von Karman and Berger flow-structure interactions.
Automated approach to trend monitoring based on fractal analysis

As systems become more complex, the monitoring and interpretation of measurement data related to the health of the system becomes increasingly more difficult. Trend monitoring is an important task that involves a prediction of the future state of system health based upon past observations. In many systems, sensors or suites of sensors gather data about the state of health of the system and its processes. Analysis of the power spectrum of the time series resulting from this sort of data collection provides insight into the trends inherent. In this paper, we present a fractal-based approach to the interpretation of the power spectrum of the time series. Using fractal analysis enables the characterization of the power spectrum using a minimal set of parameters. A computational algorithm for the calculation of these parameters is presented and shows promise as a basis for trend monitoring.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Shear stress and the endothelium.

Shear stress and the endothelium. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vivo are influenced by two distinct hemodynamic forces: cyclical strain due to vessel wall distention by transmural pressure, and shear stress, the frictional force generated by blood flow. Shear stress acts at the apical cell surface to deform cells in the direction of blood flow; wall distention tends to deform cells in all directions. The shear stress response differs, at least partly, from the cyclical strain response, suggesting that cytoskeletal strain alone cannot explain it. Acute shear stress in vitro elicits rapid cytoskeletal remodeling and activates signaling cascades in ECs, with the consequent acute release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin; activation of transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)κB, c- fos , c- jun and SP-1; and transcriptional activation of genes, including ICAM-1, MCP-1, tissue factor, platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, cyclooxygenase-II, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This response thus shares similarities with EC responses to inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, ECs adapt to chronic shear stress by structural remodeling and flattening to minimize shear stress. Such cells become very adherent to their substratum and show evidence of differentiation. Increased adhesion following chronic shear stress has been exploited to generate vascular grafts with confluent EC monolayers, retained after implantation in vivo , thus overcoming a major obstacle to endothelialization of vascular prostheses.
Activation of ADF/cofilin mediates attractive growth cone turning toward nerve growth factor and netrin‐1

Proper neural circuitry requires that growth cones, motile tips of extending axons, respond to molecular guidance cues expressed in the developing organism. However, it is unclear how guidance cues modify the cytoskeleton to guide growth cone pathfinding. Here we show acute treatment with two attractive guidance cues, nerve growth factor (NGF) and netrin-1, for embryonic dorsal root ganglion and temporal retinal neurons, respectively, results in increased growth cone membrane protrusion, actin polymerization, and filamentous actin (F-actin). ADF/cofilin (AC) family proteins facilitate F-actin dynamics, and we found the inactive phosphorylated form of AC is decreased in NGF- or netrin-1-treated growth cones. Directly increasing AC activity mimics addition of NGF or netrin-1 to increase growth cone protrusion and F-actin levels. Extracellular gradients of NGF, netrin-1, and a cell-permeable AC elicit attractive growth cone turning and increased F-actin barbed ends, F-actin accumulation, and active AC in growth cone regions proximal to the gradient source. Reducing AC activity blunts turning responses to NGF and netrin. Our results suggest that gradients of NGF and netrin-1 locally activate AC to promote actin polymerization and subsequent growth cone turning toward the side containing higher AC activity.
Foundation-penalty cuts for mixed-integer programs

We propose a new class of foundation-penalty (FP) cuts for MIPs that are easy to generate by exploiting routine penalty calculations. Their underlying concept generalizes the lifting process and provides derivations of major classical cuts. (Gomory cuts arise from low level FP cuts by simply 'plugging in' standard penalties.)
The Fisher/Pearson Chi-Squared Controversy: A Turning Point for Inductive Inference

Contribution a la controverse entre K. Pearson, "On the Test of Goodness of Fit" (Biometrika, 14) et R. A. Fischer, "On the interpretation of Chi-Square for Contingency Tables and Calculation of P" (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85) sur le test en statistique. Cette controverse concerne l'inference inductive a partir d'une hypothese statistique: le test permet de mesurer l'adequation de ce type d'hypothese.
Weak barrelledness for C(X) spaces

Abstract Buchwalter and Schmets reconciled Cc(X) and Cp(X) spaces with most of the weak barrelledness conditions of 1973, but could not determine if ℵ 0 -barrelled ⇔ l∞-barrelled for Cc(X). The areas grew apart. Full reconciliation with the fourteen conditions adopted by Saxon and Sanchez Ruiz needs their 1997 characterization of Ruess' property (L), which allows us to reduce the Cc(X) problem to its 1973 status and solve it by carefully translating the topology of Kunen (1980) and van Mill (1982) to find the example that eluded Buchwalter and Schmets. The more tractable Cp(X) readily partitions the conditions into just two equivalence classes, the same as for metrizable locally convex spaces, instead of the five required for Cc(X) spaces. Our paper elicits others, soon to appear, that analytically characterize when the Tychonov space X is pseudocompact, or Warner bounded, or when Cc(X) is a df-space (Jarchow's 1981 question).
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Isoguanine and Isocytosine: Base Pairing in an Expanded Genetic System

The stabilities of all possible purine/pyrimidine pairings between the isomeric nucleobases isocytosine (iso-C) and isoguanine (iso-G) and standard genomic bases are reported for two independent oligonucleotide duplexes. Additionally, results are given from ab initio calculations performed on iso-C and iso-G. The calculations are used as an aid in the interpretation of thermodynamic data obtained from duplex denaturation studies. The unnatural iso-C/iso-G pair is found to be as stable as a C/G Watson−Crick pair in both duplex systems. The next most stable unnatural pair is that formed by C/iso-G and is observed to be isoenergetic with a U/A Watson−Crick pair. Ab initio data suggest iso-G may adopt an unprecedented imino oxo tautomer which could explain the unusual stability of the C/iso-G pair. The stability of the other possible unnatural pairs are reported and similarly interpreted in terms of ab initio and other available experimental data. Finally, the fitness is discussed of a six-component genetic s...
The Effects of Race and Space on City-County Consolidation: The Albany-Dougherty Georgia Experience

In this paper the authors summarize the history of government consolidation successes and failures in Georgia, discuss regionalism and functional consolidation, and address social-structural barriers to unified government. The paper focuses on the 60-year consolidation movement and current unification efforts in Albany-Dougherty County, GA. Since knowing citizen perceptions is vital in understanding the resistance to consolidation, the paper concludes with findings from a 2012 Exit Poll in Dougherty County, GA.
κ-stationary subsets of , infinitary games, and distributive laws in Boolean algebras

We characterize the (κ,λ, <μ)-distributive law in Boolean algebras in terms of cut and choose games &#120086;κ<μ(λ), when μ≤κ≤λ and κ<κ=κ. This builds on previous work to yield game-theoretic characterizations of distributive laws for almost all triples of cardinals κ,λ,μ with μ≤λ, under GCH. In the case when μ≤κ≤λ and κ<κ=κ, we show that it is necessary to consider whether the κ-stationarity of &#119979;κ+λ in the ground model is preserved by &#120121;. In this vein, we develop the theory of κ-club and κ-stationary subsets of &#119979;κ+λ. We also construct Boolean algebras in which Player I wins &#120086;κκ(κ+) but the (κ,∞,κ)-d.l. holds, and, assuming GCH, construct Boolean algebras in which many games are undetermined.
Distinct Regions of Prefrontal Cortex Mediate Resistance and Vulnerability to Depression

The neuroanatomical correlates of depression remain unclear. Functional imaging data have associated depression with abnormal patterns of activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC), including the ventromedial (vmPFC) and dorsolateral (dlPFC) sectors. If vmPFC and dlPFC are critical neural substrates for the pathogenesis of depression, then damage to either area should affect the expression of depressive symptoms. Using patients with brain lesions we show that, relative to nonfrontal lesions, bilateral vmPFC lesions are associated with markedly low levels of depression, whereas bilateral dorsal PFC lesions (involving dorsomedial and dorsolateral areas in both hemispheres) are associated with substantially higher levels of depression. These findings demonstrate that vmPFC and dorsal PFC are critically and causally involved in depression, although with very different roles: vmPFC damage confers resistance to depression, whereas dorsal PFC damage confers vulnerability.
Genomic Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Smokers and Never-Smokers

We report the results of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples from 17 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We identified 3,726 point mutations and more than 90 indels in the coding sequence, with an average mutation frequency more than 10-fold higher in smokers than in never-smokers. Novel alterations in genes involved in chromatin modification and DNA repair pathways were identified, along with DACH1, CFTR, RELN, ABCB5, and HGF. Deep digital sequencing revealed diverse clonality patterns in both never-smokers and smokers. All validated EFGR and KRAS mutations were present in the founder clones, suggesting possible roles in cancer initiation. Analysis revealed 14 fusions, including ROS1 and ALK, as well as novel metabolic enzymes. Cell-cycle and JAK-STAT pathways are significantly altered in lung cancer, along with perturbations in 54 genes that are potentially targetable with currently available drugs.
Peptide t sequences prevent neuronal cell death produced by the envelope protein (gp 120) of the human immunodeficiency virus

Peptide T, an octapeptide sequence found in the external evelope protein (gp 120) of the ARV isolate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was investigated for its action in preventing neuronal death observed in mouse hippocampal cultures treated with purified gp 120. Cell counts of neuronspecific enolase-identified neurons revealed that peptide T application completely and potently antagonized gp 120-induced death. Analogs of the core pentapeptide sequence of pepptide T, TTNYT, found in the second variable region of all gp 120 isolates sequenced to date, were also tested and found to be similarly active. Investigations of structure activity relationships of related peptides suggested that the second and fourth positions in the core pentapeptide sequence were critical for biological activity in the neuronal survival assay. Antiserum against the peptide T sequence found in the the ARV isolate was found to prevent neuronal cell death in cultures treated with purified gp 120 from the IIIB isolate of HIV. These data indicate that the peptide T sequence is effective in preventing neuronal cell death associated with the envelope protein and provide a rationale for peptide T to be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for the neuropsychiatric and neurological sequelae of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Predicting Backdrafting and Spillage for Natural-Draft Gas Combustion Appliances: Validating VENT-II

VENT-II is a computer program designed to provide detailed analysis of natural-draft and induced-draft combustion appliance vent systems (i.e., furnace or water heater). This program is capable of predicting house depressurization thresholds that lead to backdrafting and spillage of combustion appliances; however, validation reports of the program being applied for this purpose are not readily available. The purpose of this article is to assess VENT-II's ability to predict combustion gas spillage events due to house depressurization by comparing VENT-II simulated results with experimental data for four appliance configurations. The results show that VENT-II correctly predicts depressurizations resulting in spillage for natural draft appliances operating in cold and mild outdoor conditions but not for hot conditions. In the latter case, the predicted depressurizations depend on whether the vent section is defined as part of the vent connector or the common vent when setting up the model. Overall, the VENT-...
On the interplay of dynamic voltage scaling and dynamic power management in real-time embedded applications

Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) and Dynamic Power Management (DPM) are two popular techniques commonly employed to save energy in real-time embedded systems. DVS policies aim at reducing the CPU energy, while DPM-based solutions involve putting the system components (e.g. memory or I/O devices) to low-power/sleep states at run-time, when sufficiently long idle intervals can be predicted. Despite numerous research papers that tackled the energy minimization problem using DVS or DPM separately, the interactions of these two popular techniques are not yet well understood. In this paper, we undertake an exact analysis of the problem for a real-time embedded application running on a DVS-enabled CPU and using potentially multiple devices. Specifically, by adopting a generalized system-level energy model and taking into account the non-trivial time/energy overheads involved in device transitions, we characterize the variations in different components of the system energy as a function of the CPU processing speed. Then, we propose a provably optimal algorithm to determine the optimal CPU speed as well as device state transition decisions to minimize the system-level energy. Our algorithm runs in O(m log m) time, where m is the number of devices used by the application. The evaluations with realistic system parameters indicate that our solution, which combines DVS and DPM optimally, can lead to substantial energy savings when compared to previous solutions.
Management of craniofacial sarcoma in childhood assisted by computed tomography.

Abstract Experience with 16 children diagnosed between 1975 and 1977 with previously untreated craniofacial sarcoma has shown that computed tomography (CT) scans are useful in defining the extent of the primary tumor including meningeal or intracranial extension, designing radiotherapy treatment fields, and following response to therapy. Involvement of the cranial base was present in 8 of 16, 5 of whom had intracranial extension at diagnosis. In 1 of these 5, intracranial extension was not suspected prior to CT scanning. Fifteen patients had CT scans before initial chemotherapy. Serial scans were obtained on 13 patients after chemotherapy and 4000–6000 rad of radiotherapy to the primary tumor. In 10 of 13, the tumor disappeared completely. Fatal meningeal extension occurred in 3 of these 16 patients within 1 year of diagnosis, despite whole brain irradiation in 2 of the 3. We conclude that CT scans are a useful, non-invasive means of assessing tumor extent and the results of treatment for childhood craniofacial sarcoma. The occurrence of fatal meningeal extension in 3 patients suggests the need for more vigorous treatment of the central nervous system in children with craniofacial sarcoma. sarcoma.
Creative Practices Embodied, Embedded, and Enacted in Architectural Settings: Toward an Ecological Model of Creativity.

Memoires by eminently creative people often describe architectural spaces and qualities they believe instrumental for their creativity. However places designed to encourage creativity have had mixed results, with some found to decrease creative productivity for users. This may be due, in part, to lack of suitable empirical theory or model to guide design strategies. Relationships between creative cognition and features of the physical environment remain largely uninvestigated in the scientific literature, despite general agreement among researchers that human cognition is physically and socially situated. This paper investigates what role architectural settings may play in creative processes by examining documented first person and biographical accounts of creativity with respect to three central theories of situated cognition. First, the embodied thesis argues that cognition encompasses both the mind and the body. Second, the embedded thesis maintains that people exploit features of the physical and social environment to increase their cognitive capabilities. Third, the enaction thesis describes cognition as dependent upon a person’s interactions with the world. Common themes inform three propositions, illustrated in a new theoretical framework describing relationships between people and their architectural settings with respect to different cognitive processes of creativity. The framework is intended as a starting point toward an ecological model of creativity, which may be used to guide future creative process research and architectural design strategies to support user creative productivity.
Quantitative Serologic and Isotopic Studies on the Rho Variant—Du

1. Type D u cells take up less than 10 per cent of the I-131 anti-D bound to D positive cells, so that the quantity of cell bound I-131 did not differ significantly from that bound nonspecifically to D negative cells. 2. Papain modification of D u cells results in an almost threefold increase in the uptake of I-131 anti-D, whereas, D negative cells show no consistent increase after such treatment. Enzyme modification, therefore, serves to clearly delineate the two cell types. 3. The range of uptake of I-131 anti-D to enzyme treated D u cells is from approximately 7 to 17 per cent of that by R 1 R 2 cells. Most of these results were obtained from studies on Mendelian D u types. Studies on several bloods from members of a family having Rh genotypes typical of the "gene interaction" D u configuration (C in transposition to D) revealed no significant reduction in I-131 anti-D uptake when compared with D positive cells. 4. Decreased antibody binding to D u cells was confirmed by the serologic methods used. Absorption of an anti-D serum and antiglobulin inhibition with sensitized D u cells indicated that the quantity of D antigen was less than that observed with the isotopic technic. Elution studies did not show as marked a reduction of D antigen on the D u cell as the other serologic technics indicated. Possible reasons for these differences have been discussed. 5. Although, from both the serologic and isotopic studies, the data indicate that the type D u red cell is quantitatively deficient in D antigen, they are inadequate to rule out other explanations for their reduced D antigen activity. Irrespective of the mechanism(s) responsible, the effective binding of anti-D by D u cells is reduced several fold; this would appear to be the primary cause of the weak second stage of red cell antigen-antibody reaction which characterizes type D u blood.
Political Structure and Corporate Governance: Some Points of Contrast between the United States and England

Viewed against the backdrop of European company law generally, the U.K. and U.S. systems of corporate governance are remarkably similar. However, there are several salient differences between the system, including rules on derivative litigation, and those on corporate takeovers. The U.K. has a new robust and less regulated takeover market than the U.S., while the United States is more permissive towards derivative litigation. This paper explains the differences as a function of politics. In the United States, where corporate law is dominated by state governments, the political forces aligned against hostile takeovers are quite potent, generating legislation and judicial decisions that have suppressed takeover activity. In the United Kingdom, with a more unitary system, the political forces play out differently, and the system accordingly generates rules more accommodating to unfriendly takeovers. With respect to derivative litigation, the differences stem largely from the political influence of the organized bar. Because the U.K. system does not recognize contingency fees, there is little constituency in the organized bar pushing for liberalization in the rules governing derivative litigation. In the United States, in contrast, the "common fund" doctrine permitting attorney compensation out of the amounts generated for the benefit of the corporation has created a strong interest group within the organized bar that favors a relatively liberal scope for the remedy.
An Analytic Model to Assist Academic Advisors

We detail how academic advisors at two land grand universities benefit from the identification of factors related to poor academic performance of first-year students. We used a multivariate statistical model and data from one institution to identify characteristics of students at-risk of earning low grade point averages. We showed through a second application of the statistical model that first-year dropout was directly related to grade point average.
Defective Myogenic Response of Retinal Vessels Is Associated With Accelerated Onset of Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Individuals.

PURPOSE We seek to identify pathogenic mechanisms for diabetic retinopathy that can become therapeutic targets beyond hyperglycemia and hypertension. We investigated if a defective myogenic response of retinal arteries to increased perfusion pressure, which exposes capillaries to increased pressure and flow, is associated with the onset of clinical retinopathy. METHODS We examined prospectively the incidence of retinopathy in type 1 diabetic individuals tested 4 years earlier for the retinal arterial myogenic response, and in a cross-sectional study the prevalence of defective myogenic response in type 1 patients who had diabetic retinopathy. Among these, we contrasted early-onset (after 15 ± 2 years of diabetes, E-DR; n = 5) to late-onset (after 26 ± 3 years of diabetes, L-DR; n = 7) retinopathy. We measured the myogenic response using a laser Doppler blood flowmeter after a change in posture from sitting to reclining, which increases retinal perfusion pressure. RESULTS Five of seven participants who 4 years prior had a defective myogenic response had now developed clinical retinopathy; as compared with only one of six participants who 4 years prior had a normal response (P = 0.10). In the cross-sectional study, all participants had normal retinal hemodynamics at steady state. In response to the postural change, only the E-DR group showed defective myogenic response (P = 0.005 versus controls, P = 0.02 versus L-DR) and abnormally high retinal blood flow (P = 0.016 versus controls). CONCLUSIONS In type 1 diabetic patients, a defective myogenic response of retinal arteries to pressure is not required for the development of clinical retinopathy, but is prominently associated with an accelerated onset of retinopathy.
Assessment of PM dry deposition on solar energy harvesting systems: Measurement–model comparison

ABSTRACTSoiling of solar energy systems, or the accumulation of particulate matter on their surface, can cause significant losses in energy conversion efficiency. However, predicting these losses is still not done, as no methods exist. Field measurements of mass accumulation and airborne PM10 were conducted for more than one year at two sites in the Front Range of Colorado with the objective of developing soiling prediction models. For this study, only dry deposition was examined. The two sites, despite having different PM10 concentrations, have indistinguishable average effective deposition velocities of 2 cm/s, although a large spread in the data was noted. These results are similar to results found in other deposition studies. The observed effective deposition velocities indicate that coarse particles are a dominant player in mass accumulation, and sampled airborne size distributions support this hypothesis. Using a model to calculate dry deposition yielded better agreement with deposition than a simpl...
Digital Game-Based Learning

This special issue of Computers in the Schools focuses on digital game-based learning. Gaming has grown in popularity and become a defining characteristic of young learners. Digital games, initiall...
Alkali-Assisted, Atmospheric Plasma Production of Titania Nanowire Powders and Arrays

We report a new ultrafast (reaction time on the scale of a minute) gas-phase method for synthesizing highly crystalline titanate phase nanowires (NWs) using oxidation of either Ti metal (foils or powders) or spherical TiO2 powders with an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. In this method, alkali metal compounds of Li, Na, and K are shown to form molten alloys of alkali metal-Ti-O during plasma exposure. Bulk nucleation and subsequent basal growth of the resulting nuclei from the molten alkali metal-Ti-O resulted in the respective titanate NWs. The current state-of-the-art methods involve long reaction time scales (∼1 day) for synthesis of TiO2 NWs.
Optimal syntheses for state constrained problems with application to optimization of cancer therapies

The use of combined therapies to treat cancer is common nowadays and some papers already addressed the relative optimization problems. In particular, it is natural to have state constraints, which usually correspond to bounds on feasible amounts of drugs to be used. The application of Pontryagin Maximum Principle is particularly difficult in such case. Therefore, we resort to sufficient conditions for optimality to achieve results more easily applicable to systems biology models. The approach is developed both for candidate value functions and optimal syntheses. Then it is shown at work on some specific problems in combined cancer therapy.
Reliability growth planning for product-service integration

Reliability growth testing allows the manufacturers to identify and eliminate critical failure modes during new product development. Such practices become increasingly difficult to implement in today's fast-paced, decentralized business environment. In addition, a growing number of firms start to bundle the product with the services by offering lifecycle reliability commitment under performance-based contracting. Hence industries need to re-examine conventional reliability growth scheme, and seek new methodologies to meet the changing requirements. This paper proposes a lifecycle reliability growth model in which the growth efforts are seamlessly integrated into design, manufacturing and post-installation of a new product. We investigate the interactions between testing time, corrective actions and latent failures in two phases. First, an optimal reliability growth testing schedule is devised to minimize the failure rate in early development phase. Second, reliability growth initiative is further extended to post-installation by deploying on-site corrective actions against latent failures. The paper is concluded with the emphasis on deploying lifecycle reliability program to facilitate the integration of product and services.
Pediatric responsibility to children with speech defects.

(1953). Pediatric Responsibility to Children with Speech Defects. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 546-550.
Ligamentous injuries to the wrist : imaging techniques

SUMMARY The variety of imaging techniques available to the clinician facilitates the diagnosis of acute and chronic wrist disorders. In most cases, conventional radiographs provide sufficient information. Computed and trispiral tomography, arthrography, video-fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging are additional imaging techniques that are useful in making the correct diagnosis and deciding on a course of treatment.
Parental care and competition with microbes in carrion beetles: a study of ecological adaptation

The investigation of the function of a complex adaptation can benefit from multiple approaches. We used comparative study and physical simulation to re-examine the hypothesis that parental adaptations enable carrion beetles (Silphidae) to better compete with carrion microbes. The comparative study used two closely related species, Nicrophorus orbicollis and Ptomascopus morio, which differ markedly in their level of care. Reproductive performance was measured using carcasses aged on field soil for 0, 3, 6 or 9 days. As expected, N. orbicollis converted more carrion biomass to offspring biomass than did P. morio (27.8% versus 16.6% on fresh carcasses) and both species produced smaller broods on aged carcasses. There was a negative interaction, however, between the level of care and carcass age on reproductive performance; the parental care advantage exhibited by N. orbicollis was less on older carcasses than on fresh carcasses, and was negligible on the oldest (6- and 9-day) carcasses. Ptomascopus morio also demonstrated superior ability to regulate the size of offspring when using carcasses of various ages. In a second experiment, we simulated antimicrobial activity of Nicrophorus anal exudates. A 6-day pretreatment with an antibacterial, an antifungal, or a combination treatment did not result in larger broods relative to those on untreated 6-day carcasses. The results call into question the hypothesis that preparation of the carcass by Nicrophorus evolved primarily as an adaptation for preventing microbial deterioration of carrion. We suggest that selection to compete with microbes may be relaxed in carrion beetles that provide elaborate parental care. A small vertebrate carcass is a potential model system for applying the comparative method to ecological function.
Issues Confronting Athletic Administrators

Where are the female coaches and female senior administrators? While the overall size of athletic administration has grown, diversity has not advanced faster than this growth. Intercollegiate sport is a vital component of the academy, and this chapter explores why there is a shortage of women and minorities and suggests several diversity strategies to address these issues. Stereotypes of women’s involvement with sports are also mentioned.
Divergent prey selection in two species of waterthrushes (Seiurus)

-I studied Louisiana (Seiurus motacilla) and Northern (S. noveboracensis) waterthrushes during an exceptionally dry spring to determine if environmental stress elicited interspecific competition. Previously, I had found little evidence for competition between these species despite wide overlap in foraging methods, use of foraging microhabitats, and characteristics of breeding habitat. I observed breeding adults forage by placing them in a portable flight cage located in natural habitat, and concurrently gathered data on the influence of waterthrush foraging on aquatic invertebrate prey and prey abundance. The species selected different prey. Louisiana Waterthrushes fed predominantly on Trichoptera larvae and on larger average prey than did Northern Waterthrushes, which fed predominantly on Diptera larvae. The species had similar foraging methods and attack rates, indicating that, unlike many Parulinae, their principal foraging differences were in prey selection rather than in means of locating prey. Experiments with foraging exclosures gave no clear evidence that waterthrushes affected prey biomass or composition. There was no significant relation between territory size vs. prey biomass and water cover. No interspecific aggression was observed, and territories overlapped widely, indicating that interference competition did not occur. Divergence in prey selection implies exploitive competition, but invertebrate and habitat data indicate that prey were not limiting, thus making competition for prey unnecessary. Therefore, from these data I cannot eliminate the alternative hypothesis that observed differences between the species may only reflect independent specialization. Received 4 April 1986, accepted 29 September 1986. INCREASINGLY, the role of interspecific competition in shaping the ecology of avian species has been questioned. Ecological patterns traditionally interpreted in terms of competition may have alternative explanations (e.g. Confer and Knapp 1981, Jehl and Parkes 1983), and therefore the importance of autecology and behavioral limitations in influencing patterns has been assessed more carefully (e.g. Rotenberry 1980, Emlen 1981). Moreover, Wiens (1977) asserted that in variable environments competition plays an important ecological and evolutionary role only during periods of environmental stress when resources are limiting. In supporting this view, Mountainspring and Scott (1985) found evidence for only intermittent competition in Hawaiian bird communities. Similarly, Robinson (1981) found increased aggression between two vireo species (Vireo: Vireonidae) only when population density increased and, presumably, resources became
Reports on Experiments with Artificial Cloud Nucleation

Possibilities for modification and control of certain small scale weather phenomena were clearly demonstrated in 1938 by Houghton and Radford [1] who dissolved local fogs by sprinkling them with hygroscopic substances. Wider possibilities for modification and control of larger scale phenomena became discernible in 1946 as a result of Schaefer’s experiment [2] in which it was shown that the injection of particles of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) into a laboratory cloud chamber was capable of converting a subcooled water cloud into an ice crystal cloud. On the basis of the available knowledge of the natural rain-producing processes at that time (i.e., the Bergeron effect), it was reasonable to conclude that, in principle, suitably constituted clouds could be induced to release precipitation by artificial nucleation. It remained, however, to determine whether the effect on natural clouds would be sufficiently large to be of practical value.
Some observations that may pertain to structure-function relationships of hCG beta.

Atassi (1977) in a series of elegant experiments defined the three antigenic determinants on the disulfide-containing protein lysozyme. They are all conformationally dependent sites and each consists of 5 or 6 topographically adjacent amino acids across the surface of the molecule. As surface residues, the amino acids involved are primarily hydrophilic. It seems likely to us that the receptor binding site(s) on hCG and other glycoprotein hormones will be similar.
Vascular endothelial overexpression of human CYP2J2 (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) modulates cardiac oxylipin profiles and enhances coronary reactive hyperemia in mice

Arachidonic acid is metabolized to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cytochrome (CYP) P450 epoxygenases, and to ω-terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) by ω-hydroxylases. EETs and HETEs often have opposite biologic effects; EETs are vasodilatory and protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, while ω-terminal HETEs are vasoconstrictive and cause vascular dysfunction. Other oxylipins, such as epoxyoctadecaenoic acids (EpOMEs), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), and prostanoids also have varied vascular effects. Post-ischemic vasodilation in the heart, known as coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), protects against potential damage to the heart muscle caused by ischemia. The relationship among CRH response to ischemia, in mice with altered levels of CYP2J epoxygenases has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of endothelial overexpression of the human cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP2J2 in mice (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) on oxylipin profiles and CRH. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of CYP-epoxygenases and inhibition of ω-hydroxylases on CRH. We hypothesized that CRH would be enhanced in isolated mouse hearts with vascular endothelial overexpression of human CYP2J2 through modulation of oxylipin profiles. Similarly, we expected that inhibition of CYP-epoxygenases would reduce CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases would enhance CRH. Compared to WT mice, Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr mice had enhanced CRH, including repayment volume, repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (P < 0.05). Similarly, inhibition of ω-hydroxylases increased repayment volume and repayment duration, in Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr compared to WT mice (P < 0.05). Endothelial overexpression of CYP2J2 significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including increased EETs (P < 0.05), increased EpOMEs (P < 0.05), and decreased 8-iso-PGF2α (P < 0.05). Inhibition of CYP epoxygenases with MS-PPOH attenuated CRH (P < 0.05). Ischemia caused a decrease in mid-chain HETEs (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs P < 0.05) and HODEs (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that vascular endothelial overexpression of CYP2J2, through changing the oxylipin profiles, enhances CRH. Inhibition of CYP epoxygenases decreases CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases enhances CRH.
Fully Convolutional Deep Residual Neural Networks for Brain Tumor Segmentation

In this paper, a fully convolutional residual neural network (FCR-NN) based on linear identity mappings is implemented for medical image segmentation, employed here in the setting of brain tumors. Inspired by deep residual networks which won the ImageNet ILSVRC 2015 classification challenge, the FCR-NN combines optimization gains from residual identity mappings with a fully convolutional architecture for image segmentation that efficiently accounts for both low- and high-level image features. After training two separate networks, one for the task of whole tumor segmentation and a second for tissue sub-region segmentation, the serial FCR-NN architecture exceeds state-of-the art with complete tumor, core tumor and enhancing tumor validation Dice scores of 0.87, 0.81 and 0.72 respectively. Despite each FCR-NN comprising a complex 22 layer architecture, the fully convolutional design allows for complete segmentation of a tumor volume within 2 s.
Synthesis, DNA Cleavage Activity, Cytotoxicity, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, and Acute Murine Toxicity of Redox-Active Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes.

Four mononuclear [(L-L)2Ru(tatpp)]2+ and two dinuclear [(L-L)2Ru(tatpp)Ru(L-L)2]4+ ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) containing the 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3′′,2′′-l:2′′′,3′′′-n]pentacene (tatpp) ligand were synthesized, in which L-L is a chelating diamine ligand such as 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me4phen) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Ph2phen). These Ru–tatpp analogues all undergo reduction reactions with modest reducing agents, such as glutathione (GSH), at pH 7. These, plus several structurally related but non-redox-active RPCs, were screened for DNA cleavage activity, cytotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and acute mouse toxicity, and their activities were examined with respect to redox activity and lipophilicity. All of the redox-active RPCs show single-strand DNA cleavage in the presence of GSH, whereas none of the non-redox-active RPCs do. Low-micromolar cytotoxicity (IC50) against malignant H358, CCL228, and MCF7 cultured cell lines was mainly restricted to the redox-active RPCs; however, they were substantially less toxic toward nonmalignant MCF10 cells. The IC50 values for AChE inhibition in cell-free assays and the acute toxicity of RPCs in mice revealed that whereas most RPCs show potent inhibitory action against AChE (IC50 values <15 μm), Ru–tatpp complexes as a class are surprisingly well tolerated in animals relative to other RPCs.
Challenges in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Digoxin and Other Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs

Digoxin, due to its narrow therapeutic range, is a challenge for therapeutic drug monitoring because digoxin immunoassays are affected by a variety of drugs and herbal supplements as well as endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIS). For therapeutic drug monitoring of procainamide, its active metabolite N -acetylprocainamide must also be monitored. Other cardioactive drugs, including the more recently introduced tocainide, flecainide, mexiletine, propafenone, amiodarone and verapamil, also require monitoring, but immunoassays are not available for these drugs and only chromatographic techniques are capable of determining their concentrations in human serum or plasma. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring services for these drugs are only offered in large medical centers and reference laboratories.
Feminism, Anti-Feminism, and The Rise of a New Southern Strategy in the 1970s

In this chapter, Marjorie J. Spruill argues that Second-Wave Feminism cannot be fully understood without examining the counter-movements that also gained strength in the 1970s. While the Second-Wave feminists achieved substantial success in changing cultural expectations, laws, and policies in favor of equality for women, their success was also the reason why many conservative women mobilized in opposition. These conservative opposition groups rarely called themselves anti-feminists. Instead, they often called themselves “pro-family” and saw traditional family values under attack by feminists. They advocated for political leaders to restore “values” rather than promote “liberty” or “equality.” Conservative women became angered at the bipartisan support they saw the women’s movement receiving and began developing political strategies to oppose “women’s libbers,” eventually condemning feminist efforts as both anti-God and anti-American. Specifically, Spruill examines carefully the battles leading up to the International Women’s Year (IWY) conferences. She notes that the state-level conferences preceding the national meeting allowed anti-feminist groups the opportunity to learn how to mobilize, become politically active, and to see clearly how working across denominational boundaries allowed conservative groups—Baptists, Mormons, evangelical Protestants, Catholics, and Pentecostals—an opportunity to defeat feminist objectives. Spruill argues that the beginning of the religious right was the formation of these interdenominational coalitions designed to oppose the efforts of feminists leading up to the IWY. Moreover, while the new GOP support was nationwide, there was a particular concentration of new support in the South, where religious and social conservatives were opposed to many of the issues espoused by feminists including abortion, homosexuality, minority rights, and government-supported programs such as health care. Thus, Spruill contends, as it became increasingly unacceptable to use overtly racist appeals to gain southern conservative Democratic votes, opposition to the women’s movement, and portraying the women’s movement as an extension of the Civil Rights Movement, became for Republicans a new “southern strategy.”
Teaching Millennials About Difference Through First-Year Learning Communities

The challenge in educating members of the millennial generation is twofold. The first challenge is to uncover ways to engage students in dialogues both in and out of the classroom about excluded and oppressed minorities that foster critical thinking rather than blame or feelings of guilt. The second challenge is to use these discussions to facilitate a shift in thinking about difference from a monolithic perspective of equality to one that incorporates an intersectional approach to critically examine the ways in which difference operates and is reinforced within our society. This chapter discusses the ways in which two First-Year learning communities, one entitled A Call to Action: Seeking Justice, Making Change and the other entitled Becoming Human: Vampires, Monsters and the Undead, attempt to introduce predominantly white students to concepts of difference, power, and oppression while moving students beyond individuals, guilt and notions of blame. Through the use of community based learning in the Social Justice learning community, and popular culture in the Becoming Human learning community, each learning community meets students where they are in learning about difference, and makes the classroom learning relevant to their lives. Throughout the chapter, individual projects and assignments will be discussed in relation to student learning.
Monitoring Corrosion Using Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques

Abstract Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are two useful spectroscopic techniques for corrosion studies especially because they can provide real-time information on various corrosion systems. This chapter discusses the applications of these two techniques in the studies of aqueous corrosion, atmospheric corrosion, corrosion inhibitors, and corrosion protection coatings. Available techniques and instrumentation for each application will be provided as a guideline for related investigations. Various examples from literature are discussed to show the power of these two techniques in corrosion studies. Specifically, these two techniques found a wide application in corrosion protection coating systems, including monitoring the growth of coatings, studying their degradation in corrosive environments, and characterization of the corrosion products.