cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of emergency air evacuation of critically ill patients from cruise ships.

Background: The study objectives were to assess the ship physician's diagnostic accuracy in making the decision to air evacuate critically ill patients from cruise ships, to determine the outcome of these patients, and the overall benefit of air evacuation. Methods: From October 1999 to May 2000, we performed a prospective study of critically ill patients coming from cruise ships in the Caribbean and transported to our institution by air ambulance. Demographics, initial diagnosis, and treatment on board were collected by the triage officer at the time of the cruise physician's first call. In route complications and flight team composition were obtained from the air ambulance monitoring log. Patients were followed-up in the hospital for complications, outcome, and final diagnosis. Results: A consecutive series of 104 patients were considered for analysis. There were 65 men and 39 women (mean age: 68.7 years). Cruise physician's diagnosis was correct in more than 90% of the cases. Internal medicine and surgical conditions represented 80.8% and 19.2% of the cases respectively, falling mainly into three categories: cardiac (34.6%), neurological (20.2%), and digestive (14%). Two cardiac arrests and 1 ventricular fibrillation were successfully resuscitated and 5 of 15 myocardial infarctions received thrombolytic therapy on board. Air transfers were warranted in 96.1% of the cases and physician presence in the flight was considered appropriate in 97.6%. In route complications and mortality rate were 5.8% and 2.9% respectively, related to serious cardiac events. Among the 98 hospitalized patients, 10 patients developed new complications and 5 died. The overall mortality rate was 7.7%. Conclusion: The cruise industry appears off to a good start in the medical treatment of passengers needing air evacuation to a land based medical facility. There is room for improvement and adoption of American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL) Health Care Guidelines are meaningful first steps. Analysis of Caribbean medical facilities and implementation of active telemedicine conferencing represent alternatives to air evacuation that need to be studied.
Incorporating popularity in topic models for social network analysis

Topic models are used to group words in a text dataset into a set of relevant topics. Unfortunately, when a few words frequently appear in a dataset, the topic groups identified by topic models become noisy because these frequent words repeatedly appear in "irrelevant" topic groups. This noise has not been a serious problem in a text dataset because the frequent words (e.g., the and is) do not have much meaning and have been simply removed before a topic model analysis. However, in a social network dataset we are interested in, they correspond to popular persons (e.g., Barack Obama and Justin Bieber) and cannot be simply removed because most people are interested in them. To solve this "popularity problem", we explicitly model the popularity of nodes (words) in topic models. For this purpose, we first introduce a notion of a "popularity component" and propose topic model extensions that effectively accommodate the popularity component. We evaluate the effectiveness of our models with a real-world Twitter dataset. Our proposed models achieve significantly lower perplexity (i.e., better prediction power) compared to the state-of-the-art baselines. In addition to the popularity problem caused by the nodes with high incoming edge degree, we also investigate the effect of the outgoing edge degree with another topic model extensions. We show that considering outgoing edge degree does not help much in achieving lower perplexity.
A multisite neural probe with simultaneous neural recording and drug delivery capabilities

This paper presents a novel method for fabricating silicon based planer microelectrodes with SU-8 embedded fluidic channels. A 7 mm long neural probe was fabricated with a 5 mm penetrating shank and a 2 mm × 2 mm base. One surface of the probe consists of eight 160 μm diameter wire bonding pads connected to eight 60 μm diameter electrode sites on 500 μm centers with eight 15 μm wires interconnects. On the opposite surface lies a 200 μm SU-8 embedded fluidic channel. The fluidic channel was constructed by utilizing two wavelengths of ultraviolet light: a higher wavelength (>365 nm) that penetrates the SU-8 completely to construct the fluidic channel walls and a lower wavelength (<;320 nm) that only penetrates the surface (<;60 μm) to fabricate the roof. The design was chosen for brachial plexus nerve implantation; however, since it was developed using photodefinable processes, the design can easily be adjusted for various applications.
Fuel treatment prescriptions alter spatial patterns of fire severity around the wildland–urban interface during the Wallow Fire, Arizona, USA

Fuel reduction treatments are implemented in the forest surrounding the wildland–urban interface (WUI) to provide defensible space and safe opportunity for the protection of homes during a wildfire. The 2011 Wallow Fire in Arizona USA burned through recently implemented fuel treatments in the wildland surrounding residential communities in the WUI, and those fuel treatments have been credited with providing firefighter opportunities to protect residences during the Wallow Fire and thereby preventing the loss of homes that otherwise would have been burned. To characterize the spatial pattern of fire severity (represented by crown scorch and bole char) as the fire entered the treated areas from the wildland we fit non-linear models to the relationship between each severity metric and distance from the treatment edge in the direction of fire spread. The non-linear curve we chose provides an estimate of the distance into the treated area at which the severity metric is substantially reduced. Fire severity as measured by crown scorch and bole char was reduced a greater distance into the fuel treatment that allowed for clumps of trees and buffers for wildlife habitat than for the fuel treatment that resulted in evenly distributed trees with complete removal of ladder fuels. Crown scorch persisted further into the treated areas than did bole char, which implies that a high intensity surface fire was maintained in the treated areas. All of the fuel treatments we studied in the Wallow Fire demonstrated reduced fire severity before encountering residences in the WUI, demonstrating that there are multiple paths to fuel treatment design around the WUI.
Classes of Wecken maps of surfaces with boundary

Abstract Let F : M → M be a self-map of a hyperbolic surface with boundary. If F is both simple and W-characteristic , we present a formula for the Nielsen number N ( F ) which depends only on the induced map F # of the fundamental group. We list several distinct classes of maps which are simple, and use the fact that if M is the pants surface, i.e., the disc with two holes, we can find a map F ' in one of these classes such that N ( F ) = N ( F ') and M F [ F ] = M F [ F '] where M F [ F ] denotes the minimum number of fixed points of any map homotopic to F . Using Kelly's formulas for the minimum number for self-maps of the pants surface, we determined which maps satisfy the Wecken property N ( F ) = M F [ F ].
Mechanical ion gate for electrospray-ionization ion-mobility spectrometry.

A novel ion gate for electrospray-ionization atmospheric-pressure ion-mobility spectrometry (ESI-IMS) has been constructed and evaluated. The ion gate consisted of a chopper wheel with two windows—one for periodic ion passage from the ESI source into the drift region and the other for timing and synchronization purposes. The instrument contained a 45.0 cm long drift tube comprising 78 stainless steel rings (0.12 cm thick, 4.90 cm o.d., 2.55 cm i.d.). The rings were connected together in series with 3.34-MΩ resistors. The interface plate and the back plate were also connected with the first and the last rings, respectively, of the drift tube with 3.34-MΩ resistors. A potential of −20.0 kV was applied to the back plate and the interface plate was grounded. The drift tube was maintained at an electric field strength of ∼400 V cm−1. An aperture grid was attached to the last ring in front of a Faraday plate detector, center-to-center. Several sample solutions were electrosprayed at +5.0 kV with +500 V applied to the ion gate. Baseline separations of selected benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antibiotics were observed with moderate experimental resolution of ∼70.
The simultaneous assay of cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisone in human plasma.

Cortisol (F), corticosterone (B), 11-deoxycortisol (S), and cortisone (E) can be measured by the present assay in a single extract of 2.0 ml of plasma. Separation on an LH-20 Sephadex column and quantitation by competitive protein-binding allow individual assay of these steroids without interference from other endogenous steroids, or from dexamethasone and prednisone. F and B concentrations are shown to respond appropriately to changes in pituitary activity. F and S values change markedly in patients after overnight metyrapone ingestion. Cortisone was found in the plasma of normal subjects, responded to changes in pituitary activity, and was rapidly converted to F after oral intake.
Survivorship and growth of Typha latifolia L. across a NaCl gradient: a greenhouse study

Oil sands surface mining operations in northeastern Alberta have created a substantial area of land needing to be reclaimed. Historically, these lands were a mosaic of uplands and boreal wetlands, particularly peatlands. While protocols for upland reclamation are well-defined, protocols for peatland reclamation are still in development. Two major concerns for peatland reclamations are (1) the ability of wetland plants to tolerate the increased sodicity present after surface mining and (2) the potential for the invasion of aggressive wetland plants, such as Typha latifolia, that could crowd out peatland plants and hinder the development of a peat layer. This study addresses these concerns by quantifying the response of T. latifolia seedlings to a sodium gradient. In the lowest two concentrations (0 and 300 mg L−1), there was about 100% survival rate as compared to about 56% at sodium concentration of 2400 mg L−1. At 300 mg L−1, T. latifolia leaf health began to decrease, and at 600 mg L−1, the health, plan...
Neuropeptide control of thyroid blood flow and hormone secretion in the rat

The effects of peptide HI (PHI), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and substance P (SP) on thyroid blood flow and hormone levels were studied in anesthetized rats. Regional blood flows were determined using radioactive microspheres. No change in heart rate or mean left ventricular pressure occurred during these neuropeptide infusions (0.625 micrograms iv over 2 min). PHI treatment resulted in a four-fold increase in thyroid blood flow. Blood flows to the pancreas and salivary gland also increased during PHI treatment. Infusions of NPY or SP did not significantly alter thyroid blood flow. However, SP decreased blood flow to the spleen and small intestine. These neuropeptides had no effect on blood flows to the adrenal, kidney, brain, heart, and adipose tissues. Following PHI, NPY, and SP infusions, plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were not different from values in saline-treated rats. This study demonstrates that PHI, like vasoactive intestinal peptide, is a potent thyroidal vasodilator at a dose that does not affect circulating thyroid hormone secretion.
Precollegiate Anthropology in the U.S.

Anthropology has existed in the public school curriculum for almost a century. For the most part, however, it has been included within world and American history. For example, some of the earliest textbooks used in American schools described Indian culture as a background to European arrival and conquest. The most purposeful application of precollegiate anthropology to the school curriculum came in the 1960s when special teaching units were added to the social studies curriculum. Since then anthropology has been holding its own as a minor part of the precollege curriculum, and there is some indication that interest in this subject is currently on the rise among educators.
On the siting of noble gases in E-chondrites

Fractions of six E-chondrites were separated by density, grain size, and chemical resistance to determine the siting of noble gases. The samples were taken from the Qingzhen (E3), Indarch (E4), Abee and Saint Saveur (E4-5), and Yilmia and North West Forrest (E6) meteorites. The Ar-rich component of the E6s was concentrated in the enstatite-rich fraction. This subsolar component was resistant to HCl and HNO3 treatment, but could be partially dissolved by HF, implying that the subsolar component is located in the enstatite. The noble gases were transported there by metamorphism. Xe-129 was found in the same regions in the E6s, but was in areas associated with chondrules in the E4s. Additionally, the carbon-rich fraction of the E4 sample displayed Xe and Ne/CCF-Xe isotopic ratios similar to that found in C-chondrites. E3 and E4 primordial gases were analogous, with no subsolar contribution.
Dihydrexidine, a full D1 dopamine receptor agonist, induces rotational asymmetry in hemiparkinsonian monkeys

Abstract Dihydrexidine ( trans -10,11-dihydroxy5,6,6a,7,8,12b hexanhyydrobenso-[ a ]phenanthridine) is a full dopamine D 1 agonist. In rhesus macaque monkeys rendered hemiparkinsonian by unilateral intracarotid infusions of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), dihydrexidine (0.15-0.9 mg/kg) elicited dose-dependent contralateral rotation. The effects of dihydrexidine were blocked by pretreatment with the D 1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.03 mg/kg), but not by the D 2 antagonist raclopride (0.025 mg/kg). These results suggest a functional role for D 1 receptors in stimulating motor behavior in a primate model of Parkinson's disease.
The delivery of mental health services in small communities: an experiential model.

A model for the delivery of mental health services to people residing in small communities (less than 10,000 population) is presented. It is the product of personal consultation experience over the past three years with a modestly staffed and financed but very successful mental health agency. Emphasis is placed on community action, political and financial autonomy insofar as possible, economy, intelligent use of paraprofessionals. and the careful hiring of permanent and consultative staff. In essence, it is the creation of a general model based on the success of one specific agency which epitomizes the points previously emphasized.
Levels and Changes of Soil Phosphorus in Subtropical Beef Cattle Pastures

Long-term pasture management is believed to change soil chemical properties, but little is known about whether pasture management, such as fertilizer application, grazing, or haying can initiate such change in sandy and well-drained subtropical beef pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the long term effect of pasture management (grazing þ haying, GZ þ HY) on soil phosphorus (P) dynamics (levels and changes) in subtropical beef cattle pastures with bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum) and rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) with (WP) or without (WNP) P
Wind turbine operations and maintenance: a tractable approximation of dynamic decision making

Timely decision making for least-cost maintenance of wind turbines is a critical factor in reducing the total cost of wind energy. The current models for the wind industry as well as other industries often involve solving computationally expensive algorithms such as dynamic programming. This article presents a tractable approximation of the dynamic decision-making process to alleviate the computational burden. Based upon an examination of decision rules in stationary weather conditions, a new set of decision rules is developed to incorporate dynamic weather changes. Since the decisions are made with a set of If–Then rules, the proposed approach is computationally efficient and easily integrated into the simulation framework. It can also benefit actual wind farm operations by providing implementable control. Numerical studies using field data mainly from the literature demonstrate that the proposed method provides practical guidelines for reducing operational costs as well as enhancing the marketability of...
Stereo boundary fusion by cortical complex cells: a system of maps, filters, and feedback networks for multiplexing distributed data

Abstract A neural network model of multiple-scale binocular fusion and rivalry in visual cortex is described and simulated on the computer. The model consists of three parts: a distributed spatial representation of binocular input patterns among simple cells that are organized into ocular dominance columns; an adaptive filter from simple cells to complex cells; and a nonlinear on-center off-surround shunting feedback network that joins together the complex cells. This data structure generates complex cell receptive fields which multiplex input position, orientation, spatial frequency, positional disparity, and orientational disparity, and which are insensitive to direction-of-contrast in the image. Multiple copies of this circuit are replicated in the model using receptive fields of different sizes. Within each such circuit, the simple cell and complex cell receptive field sizes covary. Together these circuits define a self-similar multiple-scale network. The self-similarity property across spatial scales enables the network to exhibit a size-disparity correlation, whereby simultaneous binocular fusion and rivalry can occur among the spatial scales corresponding to a given retinal region. It is shown that a laminar organization of the model interactions among the complex cells gives rise to conceptually simple growth rules for intercellular connections. The output patterns of the model complex cells are designed to feed into the model hypercomplex cells at the first competitive stage of a Boundary Contour System network, where they trigger a process of multiple-scale emergent binocular boundary segmentation. The modeling results are compared with psychophysical data about binocular fusion and rivalry, as well as with the cepstrum stereo model of Yeshurun and Schwartz. The results indicate that analogous self-similar multiple-scale neural networks may be used to carry out data fusion of many other types of spatially organized data structures.
Penny wise, player foolish? Slot-hold regulation and consumer preference

Abstract Casino gambling is a heavily-regulated consumer service available to the public, with state oversight of a variety of business functions, including the “pricing” of slot machines via mandated minimum hold percentages. But states typically define minimum slot-hold percentages that are well below those actually found on slot floors. State-mandated minimum paybacks are almost entirely irrelevant; industry standards honed by competition keep average payback rates high above the state minimums in all jurisdictions, with no direct correlation between the state-mandated minimums and actual payback rates: the market, instead, determines the “cost” of playing slots.
Heterogeneous Continuum Model of Aluminum Particle Combustion in Explosions

A heterogeneous continuum model is proposed to describe the dispersion and combustion of an aluminum particle cloud in an explosion. It combines gasdynamic conservation laws for the gas phase with a continuum model for the dispersed phase, as formulated by Nigmatulin. Interphase mass, momentum, and energy exchange are prescribed by the phenomenological model of Khasainov. It incorporates a combustion model based on mass conservation laws for fuel, air, and products. The source/sink terms are treated in the fast-chemistry limit appropriate for such gasdynamic fields, along with a model for mass transfer from the particle phase to the gas. The model takes into account both the afterburning of the detonation products of the booster with air and the combustion of the Al particles with air. The model equations are integrated by high-order Godunov schemes for both the gas and particle phases. Numerical simulations of the explosion fields from 1.5-g shock-dispersed-fuel charges in 3 different chambers are performed. Computed pressure histories are similar to measured waveforms when the ignition temperature model is employed. The predicted product production is 10–14% greater than that measured in the experiments. This fact can be ascribed to unsteady ignition effects not included in the modeling.
Detection of triplet-singlet transitions by magnetic circular dichroism, with application to the spectrum of acrolein

Abstract An apparatus constructed for the purpose of investigating high resolution gas phase magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of triplet-singlet transitions is described. It has been used to obtain MCD spectra of acrolein with path lengths up to 28 meters and magnetic fields up to 3 kG. Some of the relative merits of MCD and magnetic rotation spectra (MRS) are discussed.
Photoreduction of ferric bleomycin

Abstract The degradation of DNA by iron-bleomycin requires the formation of a complex with reduced oxygen species. Such complexes can result from reactions of Fe(III)·bleomycin with peroxides, or by reduction of O 2 with Fe(II)·bleomycin. In the absence of both peroxides and reductants Fe(III)·bleomycin is normally inactive in cleaving DNA, but, like Co(III)·bleomycin [1], some activity is detected upon exposure to strong light. This activity of the ferric complex is now shown to result from the formation of Fe(II)·bleomycin. Anaerobic solutions of Fe(III)·bleomycin, when exposed to ultraviolet light, produce a stable complex which forms a characteristic chromophore (λ max = 500 nm) with the O 2 -analogue ethyl isocyanide. This reacts with O 2 to cause DNA cleavage with the expected yield of ∼20%, with the regeneration of Fe(III)·bleomycin as indicated by optical and EPR spectroscopy.
Winter wheat cultivar differentiation by Curie point pyrolysis—gas chromatography—pattern recognition of whole seeds: A feasibility study

An investigation to determine the feasibility of differentiating whole kernel samples of winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-pattern recognition (Py-GC-PR) is presented. Seed samples from five cultivars of winter wheat (three soft white winter wheats and two hard red winter wheats) from two growing seasons (1986 and 1987) were used for Py-GC-PR analysis. The results show that Py-GC provides characteristic fingerprint information for each of the five winter wheat cultivars. When this information was processed by unsupervised pattern recognition (multivariate cluster and display methods), the five cultivars could be clearly discriminated. Variations between wheat from the two growing seasons were found to be as large as between cultivar variation, indicating the importance of seasonal growing conditions on classification. When supervised pattern recognition (discriminant function analysis) was applied to the data, the samples could be correctly classified to their respective cultivars regardless of the growing season, thus demonstrating the potential of Py-GC-PR for differentiating/classifying cultivars of winter wheat.
Effect of non-thermal product energy distributions on ketohydroperoxide decomposition kinetics

Abstract The decomposition of ketohydroperoxides (OQ′OOH) to two radicals is commonly predicted to be the key chain branching step in low-temperature combustion. The possibility of a direct decomposition of the OQ′OOH from its initially produced energy distribution is studied with a combination of master equation (ME) and direct trajectory simulations. The temperature and pressure dependent rate constants for the thermal decomposition of a ketohydroperoxide, HOOCH 2 CH 2 CHO, to four product channels were computed using RRKM/ME methods. Direct dynamics calculations were initiated from a transition state in the O 2 + QOOH reaction network to understand the fraction of energy in that transition state that is converted into the internal energy of the OQ′OOH. A novel approach to solving the master equation is used to determine the probability that a vibrationally hot OQ′OOH either will be stabilized to a thermal distribution or will react to form new products. Under most conditions, the majority of vibrationally excited OQ′OOH will be quenched into a thermal distribution. At higher internal energies and lower pressures, however, a significant fraction of the hot OQ′OOH will decompose rather than thermalize. Proper interpretation of low-pressure experiments may require inclusion of vibrationally hot intermediates, particularly if a chemical kinetic mechanism is optimized against the low-pressure data.
Rosai-Dorfman disease of the subglottis diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a case report.

We report a case of subglottic narrowing caused by an extranodal deposit of sinus histiocytosis in a 55-year-old man. To the best of our knowledge, no previous reports have described diagnosis using sonographic-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for Rosai-Dorfman disease of the subglottis. This patient was diagnosed by sonographic-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, which revealed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and many foamy, multinuclear histiocytes with preserved lymphocytes in their cytoplasm (emperipolesis). The patient underwent an incisional biopsy of the tumor and received postoperative steroids and low-dose chemotherapy. The subglottic tumor was markedly regressed 6 months later. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010
Mu-delta opioid interactions II: β-FNA inhibits DPDPE-induced increases in morphine EEG and EEG spectral power

Abstract In the present study, the effects of β-FNA on DPDPE-induced increases in morphine EEG and EEG power spectra were assessed. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with cortical EEG electrodes and permanent indwelling ICV and IV cannulae. Rats were administered ICV β-FNA at 20 nmol or ICV sterile water. Then 18–24 h later, rats were administered ICV DPDPE at 2.5 nmol or ICV sterile water followed, 10 min later, by IV morphine at 3 mg/kg. Morphine-induced changes in EEG global (1–50 Hz) spectral parameters, the duration of morphine-induced high voltage EEG bursts, the period of EEG and behavioral excitation, and the latency to onset of slow-wave sleep were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. β-FNA pretreatment significantly decreased morphine-induced total spectral power seen in the DPDPE + morphine group. β-FNA pretreatment also significantly decreased the duration of morphine-induced EEG bursts, the period of EEG and behavioral excitation, and the latency to onset of slow-wave sleep in the DPDPE + morphine group. These data, therefore, suggest that DPDPE may be increasing the effects of morphine on EEG through delta opioid receptors associated within the mu-delta opioid receptor complex.
Improving the pharmacokinetic parameter measurement in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI by use of the arterial input function: Theory and clinical application

One of the most powerful features of the dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI technique is its capability to quantitatively measure the physiological or pathophysiological environments assessed by the passage of contrast agent by means of model-based pharmacokinetic analysis. The widely used two-compartment pharmacokinetic model developed by Brix and colleges fits tumor data well in most cases, but fails to explain the biexponential arterial input function. In this work, this problem has been attacked from a theoretical point of view, showing that this problem can be solved by adopting a more realistic model assumption when simplifying the general solutions of the two-compartment pharmacokinetic equations. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from our model were demonstrated to have comparative tissue specificity to Ktrans from Larsson's model, better than those from Brix's model and the empirical area-under-the-curve (AUC). Tissue-type classifier constructed with the arterial input function–decomposed kep-kpe pair from our model was also demonstrated to have superior performance than any other classifier based on DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters or empirical AUC. The feature that this classifier has a near-zero false-negative rate makes it a highly desirable tool for clinical diagnostic and response assessment applications. Magn Reson Med 59:1448–1456, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A rotating gas cell for charged particle work

Abstract This gas cell has been designed particularly for the measurement of angular distributions of charged particles with solid state detectors.
Differential gene expression in Escherichia coli following exposure to nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma.

Aim: Nonthermal atmospheric-pressure plasmas offer significant advantages as an emerging disinfection approach. However the mechanisms of inactivation, and thus the means of optimizing them, are still poorly understood. The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore differential gene expression on a genome-wide scale in Escherichia coli following exposure to a nonthermal atmospheric-pressure argon plasma plume using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Methods and Results: Plasma exposure was found to significantly induce the SOS mechanism, consisting of about 20 genes. Other genes involved in regulating response to oxidative stress were also observed to be up-regulated. Conversely, the expression of several genes responsible for housekeeping functions, ion transport, and metabolism was observed to be down-regulated. Conclusions: Elevated yet incomplete induction of various DNA damage repair processes, including translesion synthesis, suggests substantial DNA damage in E. coli. Oxidative stress also appeared to play a role. Thus it is proposed that the efficacy of plasma is due to the synergistic impact of UV photons and oxygen radicals on the bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study represents the first investigation of differential gene expression on a genome-wide scale in an organism following plasma exposure. The results of this study will help enable the design of safe and effective plasma decontamination devices.
Retinal capillary angioma in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy treated with photodynamic therapy.

FIGURE 1. External photo of right eyelid showing area of mild cutaneous hypopigmentation on lateral third of the upper lid. Note the prominence of the cutaneous vessels in the area of hypopigmentation.
Holography of moving objects

Abstract Under suitably restricted conditions a hologram with a moving point as an object can be formed and subsequently reconstructed in the normal way. The reconstructed image is the trajectory of the moving point.
Lattice parameters and local atomic structure of silicon-rich Si-Ge/Si (100) films.

The lattice parameters and Ge-to-Si nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor distances were measured using x-ray rocking curves and extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy for four different Si-rich ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$/Si(100) epitaxial films. The Si-Ge films, two prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy and two by chemical-vapor deposition, had thicknesses of 500-900 \AA{} and Ge concentrations of ${\mathit{x}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}$=0.06\char21{}0.18. Lattice parameters of the films, corrected for coherency strain, agreed with values reported for bulk Si-Ge alloys. Ge-to-Si distances were 2.375\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 \AA{} and 3.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06 \AA{} for nearest and next-nearest neighbors, respectively, and were independent of Ge concentration within these experimental uncertainties. A simple, random-solid-solution model using composition-independent values for nearest-neighbor distances ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}}$,${\mathit{r}}_{\mathrm{Ge}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ge}}$, and ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathrm{Ge}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}}$ reproduced the average nearest-neighbor distance 〈r〉(${\mathit{x}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}$) deduced from observed lattice parameters a(${\mathit{x}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}$) for our range of Ge concentrations. Composition variations of interatomic distances expected from various theoretical models [Martins and Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 30, 6217 (1984); Shih et al., B 31, 1139 (1985); Thorpe and Garboczi, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 35, 781 (1990)] all fell within our experimental uncertainty of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 \AA{}.
A review of U‐V curable resists

The paper reviews U‐V curable screen‐printable etch plating and solder resists, their basic components, principles of U‐V curing, their performance in the liquid as well as in the solid state and their advantages. Also discussed are the basic construction and performance of U‐V curing equipment.
Pyrolytic spray increases levoglucosan production during fast pyrolysis

Abstract Levoglucosan is the major anhydrosugar component of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis. Previous research has shown that levoglucosan yield can be greatly increased if a mild acid pretreatment is applied to demineralize the feedstock prior to pyrolysis. The interest in levoglucosan production is that it provides a route to production of monomeric sugars, primarily glucose, which can be utilized to produce biochemically derived fuels (ethanol, butanol, etc.). This study developed a new method based on pyrolysis of clear pinewood particles with dilute acid pretreatment and modification in the pyrolysis process by applying a water spray injection directly into the pyrolysis vapor stream. This new method resulted in a significant 30.7% increase in levoglucosan weight percentage based on the bio-oil organic portion. The results indicated that this rapid quenching in pyrolysis vapor stream successfully suppressed the levoglucosan decomposition in both the vapor stream and during condensation. This increase may change the process economics of production of anhydrosugars via pyrolysis.
Mono- and bilayers of phospholipids at interfaces: Interlayer coupling and phase stability

Etudes de la stabilite des phases des couches monomoleculaires de phospholipides sur une variete d'interfaces liquide-solide, apres transfert a partir de l'interface gaz-liquide
Bridging design disciplines: preparing students for unpredictable challenges

The demands of the global economy, coupled with the necessity of finding sustainable design solutions for the environmental crises that confront us, will require designers with divergent educational backgrounds to work in close coordination. As faculty at one of the largest public universities in the USA, we find ourselves confronted with the demands of working around an institution whose size discourages cross-disciplinary collaboration. In this article, we present strategies for working around these obstacles, and three case studies of students working across disciplines on design-related problems.
Abstract C23: Functional characterization of viable circulating tumor cells using nanowells.

Current characterizations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are limited to enumeration, genotyping, and gene expression. Because these assays each require fixation or lysis, it has not been possible to evaluate several important characteristics of live CTCs at the single-cell level. We have interrogated viable, single CTCs using arrays of subnanoliter wells (nanowells), performing functional measurements of viability, migration, and secretion of soluble factors. We developed a process using nanowells to isolate and characterize viable CTCs from whole blood. Each poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) array comprises 84,762 cubic wells of 275 pL each. CTCs were enriched from whole blood by negative selection against CD45 and loaded onto the array to settle into the wells by limiting serial dilution. Because CTCs are rare, the loading biased the occupancy of the wells to single CTCs or CTCs in preformed clusters, allowing comparisons among individual CTCs. The defined address of each well allowed spatiotemporal tracking of single CTCs, and subsequent registration of data for functional measures on each CTC. Using this approach, we made three types of measurements on viable CTCs isolated from prostate cancer patients: (1) immediate and short-term viability of CTCs, (2) migration and invasion potential of CTCs, and (3) secretion of soluble factors. We found a rare subset of CTCs to possess malignant traits indicative of metastatic potential in late-stage, progressing prostate cancer patients. These CTCs were resistant to anoikis after being in the circulation as they stained Calcein AM+/Annexin V−, and remained viable for at least a week in culture. They were invasive in their epithelial state when embedded in Matrigel. They could also secrete proteases capable of cleaving peptide substrates. However, we did not observe such metastatic potential in every CTC, pointing to the presence of heterogeneity within CTCs and suggesting that enumeration of CTCs alone may be insufficient to understand metastasis or stratify patients. By interrogating the functional behavior of individual CTCs, we identified a rare subset of CTCs with phenotypes consistent with more efficient metastasis. The nanowell technology holds the potential to further investigate the cellular characteristics of rare tumor cells and design therapies to counter metastasis. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C23. Citation Format: Xiaosai Yao, Atish D. Choudhury, Yvonne J. Yamanaka, William C. Hahn, K Dane Wittrup, J Christopher Love. Functional characterization of viable circulating tumor cells using nanowells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C23.
High-precision U–Pb zircon age constraints on the Carboniferous–Permian boundary in the southern Urals stratotype

Abstract Volcanic-ash beds within fossiliferous strata of the southern Uralian foredeep of Russia have been dated by the high-precision ID-TIMS U–Pb zircon method, to constrain the age of the Carboniferous–Permian transition. The stratigraphic section exposed at the Usolka locality, an auxiliary stratotype for the Carboniferous–Permian boundary, contains a detailed multi-taxa biostratigraphy with a well-resolved boundary succession tied to the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Aidaralash Creek (Kazakhstan). Four tuffs bracketing the Carboniferous–Permian transition in the Usolka section closely constrain the age of the boundary to 298.90 + 0.31/− 0.15 Ma (2 σ ), including both analytical and stratigraphic uncertainty. These data substantially improve the calibration of the geologic time scale in the Late Paleozoic, and presage the radiometric age resolution possible for the late Carboniferous and early Permian stages through continued analysis of ash beds in the southern Urals stratotypes. By stabilizing the numeric age for the base of the Permian, these data also provide an important link between the timing of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation in Gondwana and its far-field climatic and sedimentological consequences in Euramerica.
Results of twice-a-day irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck

The results of twice-a-day irradiation for moderately advanced and advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck in 57 patients, treated at the University of Florida between March 1978 and July 1981, are reviewed. Fifty patients received irradiation alone to the primary site with or without neck dissection; 7 patients received preoperative irradiation (5040-6000 rad) followed in 4-6 weeks by resection of the primary tumor and neck dissection(s). Two 120 rad treatments were administered daily, with a 4-6 hour interval between fractions. External beam tumor doses were usually 7440-7680 rad when irradiation alone was used for the primary lesion; 2 of 3 T2 and 11 of 13 (85%) T3 lesions that received greater than or equal to 7440 rad remain locally controlled at 2-5 years' follow-up. External beam doses of 7440 rad controlled only 1 of 10 T4 cancers; higher doses controlled 3 of 8 T4 lesions. One severe complication of irradiation and 2 severe complications of salvage surgery have occurred in the group that received irradiation alone to the primary lesion. Five of the 7 patients who received planned combined preoperative irradiation plus surgery to the primary tumor were alive and free of disease at 2 years. Absolute disease-free survival at 2 years for the entire patient group was 23/57 (40%).
Particle-Size and Radiochemical Purity Evaluations of Filtered 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid Prepared with Different Heating Times

Sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy using colloidal particles has become common practice at many institutions. The ideal particle size for colloids such as filtered 99mTc-sulfur colloid (99mTc-FSC) in sentinel node studies is 15–100 nm. It is reported that the use of a reduced heating time during the reconstitution process results in an increased number of smaller particles ( 15 nm) would be of benefit in sentinel node studies. This study sought to better define particle size by using electron microscopy, as well as to evaluate the radiochemical purity (RCP) of 99mTc-FSC at various time points after filtration. Methods: One group of 99mTc-sulfur colloid (99mTc-SC) preparations was reconstituted using the standard heating time of 5 min, and another group was prepared using a reduced heating time of 3 min. The 99mTc-SC preparations were passed through a 0.2-μm filter, and retained filter activity was measured. RCP values were collected at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h after filtration, and the particle sizes were measured at 0 and 6 h after filtration. Results: Average RCP values (± SD) for 99mTc-FSC with 5-min heating were 98.4% ± 3.0% and 98.3% ± 1.8% for 0 h and 6 h, respectively (n = 6). Average RCP values for 99mTc-FSC with 3-min heating were 98.4% ± 4.1% and 96.9% ± 3.1% for 0 h and 6 h, respectively (n = 6). Electron microscopy data showed that median particle sizes for the 3-min heating at 0 and 6 h were 24 and 35 nm, respectively. Median particle sizes for the 5-min heating at 0 and 6 h were 29 and 27 nm, respectively. The proportion of particles within the ideal range for sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy was similar between the heating methods (91.1% for 3-min heating at 0 h and 88.8% for 5-min heating at 0 h, P = 0.1851). Conclusion: Our results indicate that although there are slight significant differences in RCP value, particle size, and particle number for 99mTc-FSC prepared using either a standard or a reduced heating time, both methods produce particles within the optimum range for sentinel node studies.
The excited-state torsional potentials of substituted 9-phenylanthracenes

Abstract The seeded free jet LIF spectroscopy of the S 1 ← S 0 transition of 9-(3′-methylphenyl)anthracene, 9-(4′-methylphenyl)anthracene, 9-(3′-fluorophenyl)anthracene, and 9-(4′-fluorophenyl)anthracene has been studied. The lowest-frequency S 1 mode for all of these molecules is assigned to torsional motions about the bond that joins the phenyl and anthracene rings. Effective torsional potentials have been determined by fitting the torsional vibrational spacings to a one-dimensional potential of the form V (φ) = 1 2 Σ n V n (1-cos n φ).
Identification of a novel FAS/ER-α fusion transcript expressed in human cancer cells

A semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to evaluate the presence of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) in human prostate cancer cells. Unexpectedly, a novel fatty acid synthase (FAS)/ER-alpha fusion transcript was identified, in which the N-terminus of FAS was fused in-frame with the C-terminus of ER-alpha. The existence of the FAS/ER-alpha transcript was further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis using various sets of amplification primers and different reverse-transcribed primers in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide to eliminate the secondary structure of RNA. The predicted FAS/ER-alpha protein would contain largely domain I of FAS and the entire ligand binding domain of ER-alpha. The FAS/ER-alpha was expressed in a variety of human cancer cell lines including prostate, breast, cervical and bladder cancer cell lines. Our data suggest that the presence of FAS/ER-alpha may complicate the FAS and the ER-alpha signalling pathway.
Migrant Workers’ Community in China: Relationships among Social Networks, Life Satisfaction and Political Participation

Abstract The millions of persons migrating from China's rural areas to urban spaces have contributed greatly to the country's decades-long economic growth, and the influx of migrants has changed the fabric of China's urban social and economic life. These internal migrants, similar to many international immigrants, depend heavily on their social networks, which are often developed in their rural villages, for jobs, housing, financial assistance, and social support both during and after migration. Consequently, migrants’ networks function distinctly in well-being and behavior. Using data from the 2006 China General Social Survey, this article seeks to 1) investigate the existence of migrant sub-groups in China, 2) understand the characteristics of social networks among sub-groups, and 3) explore the relationships social networks hold to life satisfaction and political participation among China's migrant population. This article asserts that China's migrant population includes several sub-groups emerging on the basis of gender, education, age, and marital status, which in turn produce different patterns of ties and social interactions among their social networks. While this article finds very different employment patterns among migrant sub-groups, migrant networks do not appear to strongly influence perceptions and behaviors, such as life satisfaction and political participation. This article also argues that individual networks could facilitate the development of migrant communities in cities.
Control of the dynamic range and sensitivity of a surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic sensor

Abstract The refractive index sensitivity and dynamic range of a recently developed fiber optic based surface plasmon resonance sensor have been investigated. The sensor response was studied using a set of aqueous refractive index standards. The sensitivity to refractive index was found to be between 5.0×10−4 and 5.0×10−5 index of refraction units. The dynamic range of an unmodified sensor was between 1.25 and 1.40 index of refraction units. The dynamic range was tuned for ranges between 1.00 and 1.40 index of refraction units with the addition of thin high refractive index overlayer films. This range is significant since it includes both gas and aqueous chemical sample refractive indices. The upper limit of the refractive index dynamic range was extended to 1.70 by use of a sapphire fiber core material.
Cohabiting and marriage during young men’s career-development process

Using recently released cohabitation data for the male sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, first interviewed in 1979, I conducted multinomial discrete-time event-history analyses of how young men’s career-development process affects both the formation and the dissolution of cohabiting unions. For a substantial proportion of young men, cohabitation seemed to represent an adaptive strategy during a period of career immaturity, whereas marriage was a far more likely outcome for both stably employed cohabitors and noncohabitors alike. Earnings positively affected the entry into either a cohabiting or marital union but exhibited a strong threshold effect. Once the men were in cohabiting unions, however, earnings had little effect on the odds of marrying. Men with better long-run socioeconomic prospects were far more likely to marry from either the noncohabiting or cohabiting state, and this was particularly true for blacks.