cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey among black and white women.

Background:Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates are higher among women, particularly black, than men. Women’s mortality rates may reflect difficulty in recognizing CHD prodromal symptoms (PS) but reliable screening instruments for women are scarce. The McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey (MAPMISS) captures women’s PS presentation, but has limited testing among black women.Aim:To assess the test–retest reliability of the MAPMISS PS section for black and white women.Methods:The sample was recruited from women enrolled in a longitudinal study examining the predictive validity of the MAPMISS. The MAPMISS was re-administered to 42 women (22 white, 20 black) 3–5 days after baseline assessment.Results:Women endorsed an average of 7.5 PS (SD 4.8; range 0–20) initially and 7.6 (SD 4.7; range 0–20) at retest. Over half of the women (54.8%) of both races endorsed the same number of PS at test and retest; for 69%, the number endorsed at both testings differed by no more than one...
Robust parameter-dependent fault-tolerant control for actuator and sensor faults

In this article, we study a robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for linear systems subject to time-varying actuator and sensor faults. The faults under consideration are loss of effectiveness in actuators and sensors. Based on the estimated faults from a fault detection and isolation scheme, robust parameter-dependent FTC will be designed to stabilise the faulty system under all possible fault scenarios. The synthesis condition of such an FTC control law will be formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and can be solved efficiently by semi-definite programming. The proposed FTC approach will be demonstrated on a simple faulty system with different fault levels and fault estimation error bounds.
Selection Of A Currency Regime For Palestine

This case deals with currency regimes, currency value and exchange rate management. It is presented in the context of a hypothetical decision regarding the currency for a future Palestinian state.
Mechanisms of resistance to ansamycin antibiotics in human breast cancer cell lines.

We recently reported that multidrug-resistant, P-170 glycoprotein-positive, Adriamycin-selected, human breast tumor (MCF7/ADRR) cells were resistant to the benzoquinonoid ansamycin antibiotics geldanamycin (GL) and herbimycin A (HA) and that significantly fewer hydroxyl radicals were formed in resistant cells. We have carried out additional studies to define the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of and resistance to GL and HA, by directly examining the interactions of these drugs with P-170 glycoprotein using photoaffinity labeling. We found that both GL and HA inhibited binding of azidopine to P-170 glycoprotein in a dose-dependent manner. We have developed a 10-fold GL-resistant cell line (MCF7/GLR) by continuous drug exposure. Our studies indicated no significant differences in free radical formation between wild-type MCF7 cells and MCF7/GLR cells. Uptake and efflux studies indicated a small decrease in the GL accumulation but no difference in the efflux of GL in these cells. Verapamil had no effect on cellular accumulation of GL in wild-type MCF7 cells or MCF7/GLR cells. Verapamil significantly increased the accumulation of GL in MCF7/ADRR cells and enhanced GL cytotoxicity 12-fold, suggesting that GL interacted with the P-170 glycoprotein. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we found no expression of the mdr1 gene; however, expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein was about 2-fold higher in MCF7/GLR cells. Taken together, these studies indicate that the mechanisms of GL resistance are multifactorial. Although decreased free radical formation may not play a significant role in low levels of GL resistance, e.g., in MCF7/GLR cells, both overexpression of mdr1 and decreased free radical formation contribute to GL resistance in highly resistant cells such as MCF7/ADRR cells.
Susceptibility of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Permethrin from Across the Cotton Belt: A Five-Year Study

The susceptibilities of Heliothis virescens populations to permethrin were evaluated from 1979 to 1983. While the results of these evaluations indicated that populations in the southeastern United States were somewhat more susceptible than those in the southwest, the data showed that permethrin susceptibility levels have remained relatively stable for each location. The stability of the dose-mortality regressions indicates that H. virescens has not become resistant to permethrin nor does the development of resistance appear imminent.
Some aspects of products of derivatives

(1992). Some Aspects of Products of Derivatives. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 99, No. 2, pp. 134-145.
Gender and Poetry Writing in the Light of Mexico's Liberal Victory, 1867-ca. 1890

This article studies the relationship between gender and poetry writing as it was understood by Mexican poets and critics of the late nineteenth-century. From 1867 on they were witness to a renaissance in Mexican literary and intellectual life, which included a significant increase in writing and publishing by women. In this period, influential men of letters encouraged their peers to produce an explicitly masculine verse, one connected to formal politics and Mexican patriotism. However, both male and female poets also sought inspiration from a different Muse: that of female domesticity, and the seclusion, sentimentality and emotion they associated with it. This ideal of domesticity created constraints for Mexican women who wished to write, constraints which they both accepted and challenged in verse and in prose.
A 0.62–10 GHz Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System in CMOS

This paper presents an integrated sensing system for complex dielectric spectroscopy in the 0.62-10 GHz frequency range. A capacitive sensor exposed to the material under test (MUT) shows variations in its admittance according to the complex permittivity of MUT. The sensing capacitor along with a fixed capacitor forms a voltage divider circuit and is excited by an RF signal at the sensing frequency. The magnitude and phase of the voltages across the two capacitors which depend on the sensor admittance are measured using a quadrature downconversion architecture to find the real and imaginary parts of the MUT's permittivity. At the lower frequency end, the system is configured as a direct-conversion architecture with third and fifth harmonic-rejection to alleviate the problem of harmonic mixing and improve the sensitivity. On the other hand, at the higher frequency end, the system works as a dual-downconversion topology and employs a sub-harmonic mixing technique to reduce the required input clock frequency span. As a proof of concept, the spectroscopy system is used for complex permittivity detection of pure organic chemicals and shows an rms permittivity error of less than 1% over the frequency range of 0.62-10 GHz. The fabricated chip in 0.18-μm CMOS occupies an active area of 2.3 mm 2 and consumes 65-72 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
Knowledge Engineering: Applying the Process:

Current expert operators provide valuable information to developers of new systems. They can help inform the design of new systems, new interfaces, or new methods of training. Knowledge engineering...
Predictors and Outcomes of Pediatric Firearm Injuries Treated in the Emergency Department: Differences by Mechanism of Intent.

OBJECTIVE: Firearm injuries among children are a major clinical and public health concern and one of the leading causes of pediatric fatalities. Our objective was to investigate differences in predictors and clinical outcomes between self-inflicted, violent, and unintentional pediatric firearm injuries for patients who present to pediatric emergency departments. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients 0 to 21 years old treated in 37 pediatric academic emergency departments from 2004 to 2014. Patients were classified into the injury intent categories of self-inflicted, violent, and unintentional firearm injury using the International Classification of Diseases, 9(th) edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnoses and external causes of injury codes. Multivariable multinomial regression models compared groups. RESULTS: We identified 9,628 firearm injuries from 2004-2014: 109 (1%) self-inflicted, 2,394(25%) violent, and 7,125(74%) unintentional. Male sex, increasing age, non-white race, public insurance, residing in an urban zip code and lower zip code-level median household income were all independently associated with violent firearm injuries, relative to self-inflicted and unintentional injuries. Self-inflicted injuries were at the highest risk for hospital admission, death, ICU services, surgical services, and increased length of stay, followed by violent injuries with intermediate risk and unintentional injuries at the lowest risk CONCLUSIONS: Self-inflicted, violent, and unintentional firearm injuries in children had distinct demographic risk factors and clinical and utilization outcomes. Targeted prevention and intervention efforts should be developed to reduce the incidence and severity of these injuries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Language: en
Estrous synchronization and fertility in gilts after 14- or 18-day feeding of altrenogest beginning at estrus or diestrus.

A synthetic progestogen (altrenogest) was used to synchronize estrus in 160 Yorkshire and Duroc x Yorkshire gilts (6 to 11 mo old) in four trials. Gilts were fed 15 mg altrenogest for 14 or 18 d beginning either at or near estrus (d -1, 0, +1 or +2) or at diestrus (d +3 to +21). Mean intervals to estrus after treatment did not differ between 14- and 18-d treatments (5.4 +/- .1 vs 5.3 +/- .1 d, respectively), but were slightly longer (P less than .01) in gilts beginning treatment at or near estrus than in diestrus (5.6 +/- .1 vs 5.2 +/- .1, respectively). Average intervals to estrus were similar between treatment groups and among stages of the cycle even though more gilts (P less than .01) beginning treatment at estrus had serum progesterone concentrations greater than 2 ng/ml at the end of progestogen treatment. Although more 18- than 14-d treated gilts (P less than .05) were in estrus on d 5 post-treatment, proportions in estrus from 3 to 10 d post-treatment were similar (greater than 98%). Neither stage of estrous cycle at onset of treatment nor duration of progestogen treatment affected percentages of gilts farrowing (greater than 73%), average gestation length (116.5 d), or total (10.3), live (9.7) and dead (.6) pigs at birth after artificial insemination at the post-treatment estrus. We concluded that 14-d feeding of altrenogest effectively synchronized fertile estrus in gilts regardless of stage of estrous cycle at the onset of progestogen treatment. Although 18-d treatment of gilts with altrenogest improved estrous synchronization precision compared to 14-d treatment, there was no advantage of the 18-d treatment for subsequent farrowing responses.
The SIR Model with Demography: General Properties of Planar Systems

This chapter introduces a number of simple demographic models and fits them to population data. A demographic model is then integrated with the SIR model, which results in an SIR model with demography. The model is reduced to a 2 × 2 system and nondimensionalized. General tools for analysis of planar systems are presented and applied to the SIR model. The basic reproduction number is defined, and its mathematical and epidemiological significance is highlighted. Methods for establishing global stability of equilibria of planar systems are covered and applied to the SIR model. The concepts of Hopf bifurcation and periodic cycles are introduced and applied to the SIR model with more general incidence. Although much of the material presented in this chapter is basic for ODE books, its application to epidemic models that are characterized by multiple unknown parameters is nontrivial.
From theory to practice: Converting class content to study abroad

Study Abroad is a non-traditional classroom. It offers students a view to real world application, the praxis of theory taught in class. How does a faculty member take a traditional syllabus and translate it into a successful study abroad course?This session will start with an introduction to recent literature on the benefits of using study abroad as part of the teaching arsenal. Mason Study Abroad will display a variety of pedagogies commonly used in the study abroad setting such as the interplay between work done before departure to onsite work, academic journaling, academic reflection, group discussions, onsite debate, presentations, and the use of onsite resources. Participants will also be introduced to the use of the local environment including how to choose visits, activities, and the balance between tourist and non-tourist elements. Participants will analyze how the pedagogies apply to a variety of disciplines and how each benefit students. The session will place particular emphasis on the creative use of methodologies to enhance intercultural skill development. Included will be how to building a variety of elements to meet the needs of different learning styles.Given MasonA¢â¬â¢s status as a Research I institution a component on incorporating research will be included. A group activity is planned where participants take a Mason course and re-create it in a study abroad setting.
A Framework for Dynamic Context-Centric Commander Decision Support

This paper addresses the fundamental research question: “How can we determine the sequential decision- making process inside a decision maker’s mind?” We construct a dynamic Markov Decision Process using a Double Transition Model (DTM). The DTM is a cognitive model decomposing the decision-making process into episodic tasks that are extracted from a stream of incoming information. In a DTM, each state reflects a stage en route to a decision, and each action reflects a possible move from collecting data to hypothesizing and inferencing. The reward reflects how close a stage is to the final decision. We demonstrate this process through a proof-of-concept DTM using a hypothetical scenario for Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines (2013). The DTM constructed from this scenario enables a Commander to reason about damaged areas, death tolls, and assistance methods while allowing his actions to be captured and used to explain why and how each decision is made.
Characterization of the regulatory functions of lncRNA in Inflammation

The rapid development of deep sequencing technologies has provided us with an unprecedented view of the human genome. One of the most fascinating findings is that less than 3% of the genome codes for protein coding exons, yet more than 85% of the genome is transcribed. Consortium wide efforts such as the ENCODE project and FANTOM are dedicated to the identification of all functional elements present in our genomes. The largest group of RNA produced from the genome is Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNA are described as transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length that do not code for protein. GENCODE represents the gene set of the ENCODE project and its most recent release GENCODE 24 indicates that there are 15,941 lncRNA present in the human genome. To date there is experimental data available on approximately 1% of known lncRNA. We have developed strategies to enable low to high throughput studies of lncRNA both in vitro and in vivo. In order to study the functions of lncRNA in the inducible inflammatory response we have developed both human and murine NFkB reporter macrophage cell lines. These lines serve as excellent tools for high throughput manipulation of lncRNA, which we are currently testing using whole genome shRNA libraries in addition to CRISPR/Cas9 editing approaches. We know lincRNA-Cox2 is highly inducible following inflammatory stimulation and we have developed a lincRNA-Cox2 transgenic mouse using site-specific TARGATT system and knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to study the importance of this lncRNA in host defense against infection. Such approaches provide an efficient workflow for the characterization of any lncRNA in our model system of inflammation.
Suppression of the Hematopoietic Defect in TF-1 Cells Depleted of Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Protein: Correlation with Decreased eIF6 Levels

Abstract Abstract 1270 Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive bone marrow failure syndrome mainly characterized by neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and an increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia. The phenotype in patients is variable for unclear reasons, but approximately 90% of patients have biallelic mutations in the SBDS gene. At least one action of the SBDS protein is to couple with the GTPase ELF1 to facilitate release of the eIF6 protein from the 60S ribosome subunit, thus enabling joining of the 60S and 40S ribosome subunits, a function that has prompted many to consider SDS a “ribosomopathy”. We created a cellular model of SDS using TF-1 erythroleukemia cells transduced with lentiviral vectors containing two different shRNAs against SBDS or a scrambled sequence. Clones were grown under puromycin selection and a clone from each shRNA was selected. In each clone, knockdown of SBDS was verified at the protein level by western blot, and expression levels of SBDS were less than 1%. Both clones underwent differentiation to either myeloid or erythroid colonies by culturing in GM-CSF or erythropoietin, respectively. The 2–12 clone had a significant decrease in the number and size of both myeloid and erythroid colonies (see Table ) when compared with the scrambled shRNA control. In contrast, the 1–7 clone had the same number of myeloid and erythroid colonies as the control. Previous work by other investigators in SDS yeast models revealed that missense mutations in the anti-association factor, Tif6 suppress the slow growth phenotype of SDS-mutant yeast cells. In exploring the molecular basis for the difference in phenotype observed in our TF-1 cells, we therefore focused on eIF6, the human ortholog of Tif6. The 2–12 clone had similar expression of the eIF6 protein when compared to the scrambled control. However, the 1–7 clone had a significantly decreased amount of eIF6 protein compared to the control. DNA sequencing did not reveal any mutations in the eIF6 gene, and quantitative RT-PCR showed similar levels of eIF6 mRNA transcripts, suggesting that the differences in eIF6 protein levels may be due to post-translational modifications. Pressato and colleagues (Br J Haematol 157:503, 2012) have recently speculated that the relatively benign course of SDS patients with a deletion of chromosome 20q may be due to loss of the eIF6 protein (whose gene is located on 20q). Our findings add to the hypothesis that antagonizing eIF6 may modify or rescue the SDS phenotype, possibly by reducing the requirement of SBDS in giving rise to 60S subunits lacking eIF6. Scramble colonies +/− SE 2–12 colonies +/−SE 1–7 colonies +/− SE Myeloid 131+/−4.4 112+/−3.5 p 135+/−6.8 p=0.64 Erythroid 89+/−8.4 48+/−4 p 89+/− 4.7 p=0.94 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Local and Systemic Treatment of Unresectable Disease

Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer. Although incidence of the disease is increasing, survival rates are excellent, with 10-year survival around 90%. However, approximately 15–30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer are found to have metastases (half of them at initial presentation), most commonly seen in the lungs (50%), bones (25%), both lungs and bones (20%), or occasionally in other sites (5%). Many of these patients can be treated, but complete remission is only seen in one third (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(8):2892–9, 2006). When progression is seen after initial treatment with thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine, other options remain. Surgical resection of locoregional disease (in selected patients) generally offers the best chance of cure; however, reoperation is generally riskier than initial surgery due to scar tissue formation. If resection is not an option due to the extent of disease, involvement of critical structures, or patient refusal, radioactive iodine treatment is generally recommended. However, advanced disease is frequently refractory to therapy with radioiodine; studies are underway of several therapies that may resensitize tumor to iodine. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) may be employed to treat either locoregional recurrence or distant metastatic disease. TSH suppression remains an important part of therapy. Lastly, therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), either approved by the Food and Drug Administration [FDA] or as part of a clinical trial, may be recommended in symptomatic patients with progressive metastatic disease (Thyroid 26(1):1–133, 2016).
Truancy Intervention Among Secondary Special Education Students

(1979). Truancy Intervention Among Secondary Special Education Students. School Psychology Review: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 464-468.
Violent Injury and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Oakland, California.

Racial and ethnic segregation has been linked to a number of deleterious health outcomes, including violence. Previous studies of segregation and violence have focused on segregation between African Americans and Whites, used homicide as a measure of violence, and employed segregation measures that fail to take into account neighborhood level processes. We examined the relationship between neighborhood diversity and violent injury in Oakland, California. Violent injuries from the Alameda County Medical Center Trauma Registry that occurred between 1998 and 2002 were geocoded. A local measure of diversity among African American, White, Hispanic, and Asian populations that captured interactions across census block group boundaries was calculated from 2000 U.S. Census data and a Geographic Information System. The relationship between violent injuries and neighborhood level of diversity, adjusted for covariates, was analyzed with zero-inflated negative binomial regression. There was a significant and inverse association between level of racial and ethnic diversity and rate of violent injury (IRR 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.69). There was a similar relationship between diversity and violent injury for predominantly African American block groups (IRR 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08–0.62) and predominantly Hispanic block groups (IRR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.76). Diversity was not significantly associated with violent injury in predominantly White or Asian block groups. Block group racial and ethnic diversity is associated with lower rates of violent injury, particularly for predominantly African American and Hispanic block groups.
Solid fuel ramjet fuel optimization for maximum thrust to drag ratio and impulse density subject to geometric restraints on missile outer mold line

Abstract Tactical solid fuel ramjet propulsion system designs are often restricted by a fixed geometric envelope that the vehicle's outer mold line must be contained within. These constraints fix the combustion chamber diameter and length as well as the maximum intake area profile. With the intake area restrained to some maximum value, the maximum air flowrate into the combustor is likewise limited to a specific value for any given design freestream Mach number and altitude. Optimization of fuels for the maximum thrust to drag ratio or specific impulse must consider the linkage of geometric restraints on the selection of fuel materials. In this paper, equations are developed for thrust to drag, net specific impulse, impulse density, and a newly defined performance parameter, the momentum density. These equations are cast in terms of the ratio of the intake area to the aerodynamic reference area. Thermochemical analyses are conducted for a range of common polymers and solid particulate additives. The optimization equations show that as the intake to reference area ratio decreases, maximum performance shifts from materials having the highest heat of combustion per unit mass to materials that maximize the ratio of heat of combustion to the stoichiometric fuel to air ratio, and to operating air to fuel ratios that approach the upper flammability limits. As the intake area to reference area increases, the optimization tends towards fuel that maximize the heating value alone and to operating air to fuel ratios that approach the lower flammability limits. The conclusion of the analysis is that for solid fuel ramjet designs subject to restrictions on inlet area, maximum performance occurs with high density materials that maximizes heat release and minimizes the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio.
Measure Theory on G-Spaces

From this point onwards we shall emphasize some of the more sophisticated and specialized aspects of quantum theory. We shall deal only with complex separable Hilbert spaces, referring to them as Hilbert spaces without any qualification.
Photonic Crystal Cavity Lasers

Photonic laser sources have great potential in communication and lighting applications. Optical resonators reduce the lasing threshold by enhancing the light-matter interaction, increasing the efficiency and modulation rate. We explore the design, fabrication, and characterization of lasers based on photonic crystal (PC) cavities. We first describe the fundamentals of the PC cavity in one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) settings, and how cavity designs enable high quality factor, low mode volume resonators that facilitate high Purcell enhancements. Next, we show how such designs are implemented to fabricate low threshold lasers using quantum dot(QD) materials. Experimentally under optical injection, we are able to obtain lasing thresholds of microwatts at room temperature and cryogenic temperature, fitting the behavior of different lasers to rate equations. We also theoretically and experimentally characterize the time dynamics of the lasers at cryogenic temperature under modulated pumping, observing that the lasers can be modulated at 30 GHz. Finally, we explore novel approaches to electrically inject PC cavity devices using a lithographically defined lateral p-i-n junction, and demonstrate a lateral junction PC cavity light-emitting device.
Overcoming the outcome bias: Making intentions matter

Abstract People often make the well-documented mistake of paying too much attention to the outcomes of others’ actions while neglecting information about the original intentions leading to those outcomes. In five experiments, we examine interventions aimed at reducing this outcome bias in situations where intentions and outcomes are misaligned. Participants evaluated an individual with fair intentions leading to unfavorable outcomes, an individual with selfish intentions leading to favorable outcomes, or both individuals jointly. Contrary to our initial predictions, participants weighed others’ outcomes more—not less—when these individuals were evaluated jointly rather than separately (Experiment 1). Consequently, separate evaluators were more intention-oriented than joint evaluators when rewarding and punishing others (Experiment 2a) and assessing the value of repeated interactions with these individuals in the future (Experiment 2b). Third-party recommenders were less outcome-biased in allocating funds to investment managers when making separate evaluations relative to joint evaluations (Experiment 3). Finally, raising the salience of intentions prior to discovering outcomes helped joint evaluators overcome the outcome bias, suggesting that joint evaluation made attending to information about intentions more difficult (Experiment 4). Our findings bridge decision-making research on the outcome bias and management research on organizational justice by investigating the role of intentions in evaluations.
Cooperative Object Transport in 3D with Multiple Quadrotors Using No Peer Communication

We present a framework to enable a fleet of rigidly attached quadrotor aerial robots to transport heavy objects along a known reference trajectory without inter-robot communication or centralized coordination. Leveraging a distributed wrench controller, we provide exponential stability guarantees for the entire assembly, under a mild geometric condition. This is achieved by each quadrotor independently solving a local optimization problem to counteract the biased torque effects from each robot in the assembly. We rigorously analyze the controllability of the object, design a distributed compensation scheme to address these challenges, and show that the resulting strategy collectively guarantees full group control authority. To ensure feasibility for online implementation, we derive bounds on the net desired control wrench, characterize the output wrench space of each quadrotor, and perform subsequent trajectory optimization under these input constraints. We thoroughly validate our method in simulation with eight quadrotors transporting a heavy object in a cluttered environment subject to various sources of uncertainty, and demonstrate the algorithm's resilience.
A Method and Tool for Automated Induction of Relations from Quantitative Performance Logs

Operators use performance logs to manage large-scale web service infrastructures. Detecting, isolating and diagnosing fine-grained performance anomalies require integrating system performance measures across space and time. The diversity of these logs layouts impedes their efficient processing and hinders such analyses. Performance logs possess some unique features, which challenge current log parsing techniques. In addition, most current techniques stop at extraction leaving relational definition as a post-processing activity, which can be a substantial effort at web scale. To achieve scale, we introduce our perftables approach, which automatically interprets performance log data and transforms the text into structured relations. We interpret the signals provided by the layout using our template catalog to induce an appropriate relation. We evaluate our method on a large sample obtained from our experimental computer science infrastructure in addition to a sample drawn from the wild. We were able to successfully extract on average over 97% and 85% of the data respectively.
Interfacial Structures in Bubbly-to-Slug Transition Flows in a Duct

As a critical closure equation to the two-fluid model and an important tool to characterize the two-phase-flow interfacial transport, the interfacial area transport equation (IATE) was formulated b...
An Open Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair With Incorporation of a Skin Allograft

Abstract Background Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most frequent congenital abnormality of the central nervous system that leads to significant physical disabilities. Historically, treatment involved postnatal repair with management of the hydrocephalus with ventricular shunting. Animal and early human studies demonstrated the feasibility of fetal closure. The benefit of in-utero closure was debated until the results of the prospective randomized multicenter Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS trial) were published, demonstrating a decreased need for shunting, reversal of hindbrain herniation, and better neurologic function in the prenatal repair group compared to postnatal repair. Fetal MMC closure has become a standard of care option for prenatally diagnosed spina bifida. The size of the spinal defect may require modification of the classic surgical technique requiring patching. Case This report describes a case of open fetal myelomeningocele repair, which required incorporation of a skin allograft. Conclusion Large myelomeningocele defects may be successfully repaired with utilization of a skin allograft.
Examining the Effect of Hypertonic Saline Administered for Reduction of Intracranial Hypertension on Coagulation.

BACKGROUND Hypertonic saline (23.4%, HTS) bolus administration is common practice for refractory intracranial hypertension, but its effects on coagulation are unknown. We hypothesize that 23.4% HTS in whole blood results in progressive impairment of coagulation in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). STUDY DESIGN For the in vitro study, whole blood was collected from 10 healthy volunteers, and citrated native thrombelastography was performed with normal saline (0.9%, NS) and 23.4% HTS in serial dilutions (2.5%, 5%, and 10%). For the in vivo experiment, we assessed the effects of 23.4% HTS bolus vs NS on serial thrombelastography and tail-bleeding times in a TBI murine model (n = 10 rats with TBI and 10 controls). RESULTS For the in vitro work, clinically relevant concentrations of HTS (2.5% dilution) shortened time to clot formation and increased clot strength (maximum amplitude) compared with control and NS. With higher HTS dosing (5% and 10% blood dilution), there was progressive prolongation of time to clot formation, decreased angle, and decreased maximum amplitude. In the in vivo study, there was no significant difference in thrombelastography measurements or tail-bleeding times after bolus administration of 23.4% HTS compared with NS at 2.5% blood volume. CONCLUSIONS At clinically relevant dilutions of HTS, there is a paradoxical shortening of time to clot formation and increase in clot strength in vitro and no significant effects in a murine TBI model. However, with excess dilution, caution should be exercised when using serial HTS boluses in TBI patients at risk for trauma-induced coagulopathy.
Solution processed all-carbon transistors via directed assembly and transfer printing of CNT channel and electrodes

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors (FETs) have shown great promise for flexible device applications, but a method to selectively print each layer with high fidelity and low cost on flexible substrates remains elusive. To address this gap, we combine the simplicity of directed assembly with the high resolution and pattern fidelity of transfer printing to print all-carbon transistors on a flexible polyimide substrate. For the presented device, the channel and electrodes consist of semiconducting single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs, respectively. We demonstrate an approach to selectively assemble multi-walled CNTs on a chemically heterogenous surface of a highly doped silicon wafer using electrophoresis, while single-walled CNTs are assembled on a photoresist templated substrate using meniscus driven fluidic assembly. Both layers are sequentially transfer printed on a stack of polyurethane and SU-8, which serves as the gate dielectric. This approach utilizes lithographically patterned silicon wafers as reusable templates, which significantly lowers the manufacturing cost and provides greater resolution than other printing techniques. The printed transistors exhibit on/off ratio as high as 106 with mobility approaching 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is highly promising for fully printed flexible FETs.
Assessing mechanical response of CO2 storage into a depleted carbonate reef using a site-scale geomechanical model calibrated with field tests and InSAR monitoring data

Abstract Geomechanical risks of injection have raised concerns regarding secure CO2 storage. In this work, a combined monitoring and modeling approach is used to assess the stress changes and surface uplift associated with CO2 injection into a depleted carbonate reef of the Michigan basin. A site-scale geomechanical model is built by assigning mechanical properties of formations using well-log and experimental data. Gravity load is applied to the model to estimate the vertical component of stress as well as different lateral boundary displacement scenarios to estimate horizontal stresses. We used a poroelastic pressure-dependent model (instead of a linear elastic mechanical earth model) to calibrate initial stresses using hydraulic fracture test data measured at depleted reservoir status. Multi-phase fluid flow-geomechanical simulations are performed to estimate the poroelastic response during (1) primary depletion (2) field-scale CO2 injection phase (3) a hypothetical forecast scenario in which well bottom hole pressure (BHP) reach 45000 KPa. The predicted surface uplift is less than 1 mm at the end of the field-scale CO2 injection phase which is in good agreement with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) uplift measurement. Although the InSAR data shows an insignificant uplift, hydromechanical modeling of injection shows that CO2 injection still causes reservoir deformation emphasizing the role of carbonate overburden and reservoir formation mechanical properties and limited size of reef on diminishing the surface deformation. Modeling indicates poroelastic response of caprock matters to estimate uplift. The lower permeability of the top two layers provides additional barrier to large uplift. Also, history of subsidence due to production should be accounted to predict uplift due to a follow up injection correctly. This study shows the significance of combining a calibrated geomechanical model with field measured stresses and monitoring data to be used as a tool to ensure the safety of CO2 storage.
Fatty acids and fat supplements in lactating dairy cow rations

In most Federal Milk Market Orders milk fat and protein yield are the major contributors to the price that producers receive for milk. The addition of supplemental fatty acid (FA) sources to diets is a common practice in dairy nutrition to increase dietary energy density and to support milk production. The ability to understand and model FA, the effects of individual FA, and different FA supplements on production parameters has direct impact on dairy industry recommendations and the usefulness of FA supplementation strategies. The emphasis of the current paper is on biological processes and quantitative changes during the metabolism of FA in the rumen and the effect this has on FA availability to the dairy cow, the digestibility of these FA, and their overall impact on performance. We will focus on recent research supplementing palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0)-enriched supplements, on feed intake, digestibility, milk production, and milk composition, and energy partitioning.
OpenCGRA: Democratizing Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays

Reconfigurable architectures are today experiencing a renewed interest for their ability to provide specialization without sacrificing the capability to adapt to disparate workloads. Coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs) provide higher flexibility than application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) while offering increased hardware efficiency with respect to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This makes CGRAs a promising alternative to enable power-/area-efficient acceleration across different application domains. Unfortunately, specializing and implementing a CGRA for a specific application domain requires the exploration in a large design space (e.g., applying appropriate loop transformation on each application, specializing the reconfigurable processing elements of the CGRA, refining the network topology, deciding the size of the data memory, etc.) and involves enormous software/hardware engineering effort (e.g., modeling, testing, and evaluating the CGRA, map operations onto the CGRA, etc). In this paper, we discuss a hardware/software co-design framework* to automatically specialize and implement optimal CGRA designs given a set of applications of interest.
A qualitative exploration of Black women’s familial socialization on controlling images of Black womanhood and the internalization of respectability politics

A growing number of scholars have considered how young Black women develop their identities within and against White supremacist ideologies of Black womanhood. The current study offers an analysis ...
A fast distributed algorithm for (Δ + 1)-edge-coloring

Abstract We present a deterministic distributed algorithm in the LOCAL model that finds a proper ( Δ + 1 ) -edge-coloring of an n-vertex graph of maximum degree Δ in poly ( Δ , log ⁡ n ) rounds. This is the first nontrivial distributed edge-coloring algorithm that uses only Δ + 1 colors (matching the bound given by Vizing's theorem). Our approach is inspired by the recent proof of the measurable version of Vizing's theorem due to Grebik and Pikhurko.
Absolute and convective instability of a liquid sheet

The linear stability of a viscous liquid sheet in the presence of ambient gas is investigated. It is shown that there are two independent modes of instability, sinuous and varicose. The large-time asymptotic amplitude of sinuous disturbances is found to be bounded but non-vanishing for all calculated values of Reynolds numbers and the gas-to-liquid density ratios when the Weber number is greater than one half. The Weber number We is defined as the ratio of the surface tension force to the inertia force per unit area of the gas–liquid interface. When We is smaller than one half, the sinuous mode is stable if the gas-to-liquid density ratio is zero, otherwise it is convectively unstable. The varicose mode is always convectively unstable unless the density ratio, Q, is zero. Then it is asymptotically stable. The spatial growth rate of the varicose mode is smaller than that of the sinuous mode for the same flow parameters. The wavelength of the most amplified waves in both modes is found to scale with the product of the sheet thickness and Q/We. It is shown, by use of the energy equation, that the mechanism of instability is a capillary rupture when We [ges ] 0.5, and the convective instability is due to the interfacial pressure fluctuation when We < 0.5.
Fission of Ra 226 by 11-Mev Protons

The fission of Raw by 11-Mev protons has been studied by using radiochemical techniques. The mass-yield curve of fission products shows three humps: a narrow hump centered about mass 112, corresponding to a symmetric fission mode, with two humps on either side, corresponding to an asymmetric fission mode. The measured fission yields of fission fragments at the peaks of all three humps are about the same. The heavy-fragment ''wing'' of the asymmetric portion of the mass-yield curve is very similar in position and shape to the corresponding member of other asymmetric mass-yield curves. The light- fragment ''wing'' has accordingly shifted to lower mass numbers, continuing the trend observed in the asymmetric fission-yield curves of elements heavier than radium. The central, symmetric-fission hump is of the same width as the narrow, symmetric-fission curve observed for fission of bismuth by 20-Mev deuterons. The cross section for fission of Ra/sup 226/ by 11-Mev protons is measured to be 2 plus or minus l x 10/sup -27/ cm/sup 2/ and drops by a factor of about 60 when ths proton energy is degraded to 9 Mev. (auth)
Retrospective Review of 707 Cases of Spinal Cord Stimulation: Indications and Complications

Appropriate patient selection and minimizing complications are critical for successful spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy in managing intractable pain. We thus reviewed electronic medical records of 707 consecutive cases of patients who received SCS therapy in the Cleveland Clinic from 2000 to 2005 with an emphasis on indications and complications. SCS was used to treat complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (345 cases), failed back surgery syndrome (235 cases), peripheral vascular disease (20 cases), visceral pain in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (37 cases), and peripheral neuropathy (70 cases). CRPS and failed back surgery syndrome accounted for 82% of the cases. The implant-to-trial ratio was 75% on average, with the highest for CRPS type 2 (83%) and the lowest for peripheral vascular diseases (65%). The only documented complication associated with SCS trials was lead migration in 5 of 707 patients (0.7%). There were no permanent neurological deficits or deaths as a result of SCS implant or its complications. Hardware-related complications were common (38%) and included lead migration (22.6%), lead connection failure (9.5%), and lead breakage (6%). Revisions or replacements were required in these cases. Biologically related complications included pain at the generator site (12%) and clinical infection (4.5%; 2.5% with positive culture). The rates of infection varied among the different diagnoses with the highest in failed back surgery syndrome (6.3%). Patients with diabetes had an infection rate of 9%, over the 4% in non-diabetics. Infections were managed successfully with explantation and antibiotic therapy without permanent sequela.
Twinning dislocations in yba2cu3o7 −δ superconductor

Abstract Structural images of twinning steps associated with an |a — b|[ — 10] twinning dislocation at a (110) twin boundary of YBa2Cu3O7 −δ (δ ≈ 0·0) were observed for the first time. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) studies suggest that there are two types of twin boundaries: one with a lattice translation along the boundary for fully oxygenated YBa2Cu3O7 −δ, and the other, without a lattice translation, for the oxygen-deficient one. High resolution in situ experiments indicate that the structure of the twin boundary changes from one type to the other under electron beam irradiation. Dislocations were observed from regions where the two types of twin boundary merge together. Dislocation models are proposed for interpreting the kinetics of the transition of the boundary structures. The geometry of the twin boundary and twinning dislocation using the concepts of coincidence site lattice (CSL) and of displacement shift complete lattice (DSCL) is also demonstrated.
Classic clover cline clues

Adaptive clines are striking examples of natural selection in action, yet few have been studied in depth. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Kooyers & Olsen (2012) introduce modern analyses and thinking towards studies of a classical example of the rapid and repeated evolution of latitudinal and altitudinal clines in cyanogenesis in white clover, Trifolium repens L. Recognizing that adaptive clines represent trade-offs in the selective benefits of traits at different ends of a geographical transect, these researchers focus on whether evidence for selection can be found at regional (coarse) and local (fine) scales. After adjusting for population genetic patterns generated by demographic processes, Kooyers and Olsen provide evidence that the cyanogenesis cline is adaptive across a transect from Louisiana to Wisconsin, USA. Within local populations, divergent selection on coupling dominant and recessive alleles that underlie cyanogenesis is predicted to drive populations to gametic phase disequilibrium (LD), a pattern that has been found in several other studies reviewed by Kooyers and Olsen. The absence of LD within any sampled populations in this study leads the authors to suggest that selective patterns within these clines may be more complex than previously proposed, perhaps even following theoretical predictions of a geographic mosaic.
The biological approach to psychiatry: history and prospects

Medicine is becoming an increasingly molecular discipline, and in none of its specialities is this change causing more of a stir than in psychiatry. This is because psychiatry has been dominated, for many years, by subjective approaches to mental illness that are as far as one can get from quantitative science. No wonder psychiatrists have been unsettled by the realization that the next major advances in their field are bound to come from genetics and molecular biology. This article is written for neurobiologists who are becoming interested in this changing psychiatry. My goal is to put current developments into a historical perspective and especially to show that psychiatry already accommodates a biological approach. This approach became well established in the early part of this century as great advances were made in curing psychiatric disorders caused by readily discernible cellular pathology. At the same time psychoanalysis was invented to deal with problems that were not accompanied by obvious biological abnormalities. Eventually psychoanalysis so captured the imagination of both psychiatrists and the public that the biological approach came to be obscured. Now new developments in biology have set the stage for another change of emphasis.