cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression of canine CD25 for validation of an anti-human CD25 antibody to compare T regulatory lymphocytes in healthy dogs and dogs with osteosarcoma

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a unique subset of T helper cells that serve to modify/inhibit effector cells of the immune system and thus are essential to prevent autoimmunity. Overzealous Treg activity may contribute to impaired immune responses to cancer. Tregs can be phenotypically identified by proteins expressed on the cell surface (CD4 and CD25) and inside the cell (forkhead box3 (FoxP3)), although in dogs, no anti-canine CD25 antibody exists. We hypothesized that a mouse anti-human CD25 antibody definitively recognizes the canine protein and can be used to identify Tregs in dogs. We describe cloning and transfection of the canine CD25 gene into human HeLa cells with subsequent expression of the canine protein on the cell surface detected using an anti-human CD25 antibody in a flow cytometric assay. Validation of this antibody was used to identify CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in 39 healthy dogs and 16 dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). Results were expressed in five different ways and showed significantly fewer %CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes expressing FoxP3 in blood of older dogs (≥7 years) compared with the other two age groups (<2 and 2–6 years) (p < 0.001) and fewer %CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in the tumor draining lymph nodes of OSA patients compared to the unrelated lymph node (p = 0.049). However, there was no significant difference in % Tregs in the peripheral blood or lymph nodes between the control dogs and those with OSA. While the CD25 antibody can be successfully used in a flow cytometric assay to identify Tregs, this study does not support clinical utility of phenotypic recognition of Tregs in dogs with OSA.
Decision-Making Framework for Selection and Design of Shading Devices Based on Daylighting

Abstract This research looked to improve the daylighting performance of a shading device as a window component. The paper describes the development of the decision-making framework (DMF) for the selection and design of shading devices based on daylighting. The DMF presents the process of analysis of the shading devices' daylighting performance in the selection of existing shading devices and in the design of new shading devices. The research determined the shading device daylighting performance measures (such as illuminance and daylight autonomy) as well as the variables that influence daylight performance. Interactions among the variables and the effects of these interactions on the shading device daylighting performance were explained and quantified in the DMF. The DMF also included ways of presenting the results of testing the shading devices and the process of making the decision. A case study for three blind systems was performed to determine if the DMF provides a concept for the analysis of the dayl...
More on the not-the-liver fallacy: medical, neuropsychological, and perceptual dissociations.

«…You are in the audience of a well-attended medical conference, about to listen to the highly regarded Dr. Fright. ‘I have a new discovery’, Dr. Fright begins. ‘I have isolated the organ system which removes toxins from the blood ‐ I call it the ‘liver’’. Amidst oohs and ahs, Dr Fright provides some evidence for his discovery: ‘when this organ is removed from a rat, toxins quickly build up, and the rat dies’. Applause from the crowd. ‘But that is not all’, the lecture continues, «I have discovered a second organ. This organ circulates the blood, absorbs nutrients, expels waste products from the body, and attacks foreign invaders.’ ‘For when the liver is removed’, he argues, ‘the body is still able to do all these things and more, until such time as the toxin buildup is fatal. I suggest we call this second organ ‘Not-the-Liver’…’» (Bedford, 1997, p. 231).
Frictional Properties of the Meniscus Improve After Scaffold-augmented Repair of Partial Meniscectomy: A Pilot Study

Background To prevent further degeneration, it is desirable to fill a meniscal defect with a supportive scaffold that mimics the mechanics of native tissue. Degradable porous scaffolds have been used, but it is unclear whether the tissue that fills the site of implantation is mechanically adequate, particularly with respect to frictional performance.
Square-well SAFT equation of state for homopolymeric and heteropolymeric fluids

Abstract The square-well-fluid thermodynamics and liquid structure derived from Barker–Henderson's perturbation theory, including a truncation correction, are used within a SAFT (statistical associating fluid theory) framework to develop an equation of state for real chain fluids. The pure-alkane vapor pressure, liquid density, critical region, and heat capacity are found to be more accurate than those correlated with other equations of state, and the parameters are well behaved and, hence, easy to estimate. Also the mixture properties are found to be well represented without much fitting.
The 'British-Imperial' model of administration : assembling the South African Constabulary, 1900 - 1902

With the end of the South African War believed to be in sight, British policy makers in South Africa created the South African Constabulary (SAC) in late 1900 to provide law and order over the new Transvaal and Orange River colonies. By 1900, policy makers no longer simply exported ‘English’ or ‘Irish’ models to the colonies but sought guidance from existing institutions throughout the British Isles and Empire in a single ‘British-Imperial’ model of administration. Those policy makers and the new corps’ senior officers turned to the imperial policing network for ideas, methods, and particularly personnel to assemble the SAC, recruiting ten thousand officers and constables from across the British Isles and Empire. When it disbanded eight years later, SAC veterans used the imperial policing network to take up new positions in police forces throughout the British Isles and Empire. This ‘British-Imperial’ model implemented a ‘best practices’ form of administration in which the men (and, very occasionally, women) who carried these practices enjoyed superior importance.
Understanding Internet Searching Performance in a Heterogeneous Portal for K-12 Students: Search Success, Search Time, Strategy, and Effort

This study sought to better understand search performance using an online portal containing a collection of heterogeneous library resources for K-12 students. Search performance is examined in terms of search success, search time, strategy, and effort. This study revealed unsuccessful searches tended to take longer than successful searches; preference of search strategy (searching vs. browsing) did not affect search success outcome; students tended to perform well in tasks for which they were able to use various strategies, and unsuccessful searches tended to use more effort—more mouse clicks, more keystrokes, more queries, more sites visited, and more strategy shifts. Implications of the study are also discussed.
Competitive interaction of gallamine with multiple muscarinic receptors

Abstract Gallamine, a cholinergic antagonist at the (nicotinic) neuromuscular junction, possesses antimuscarinic potency in several systems. We report here that gallamine inhibited the binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) in a competitive manner in the brainstem and forebrain of the rat. The occupancy curves derived from these studies suggest that gallamine has widely varying affinities for different subpopulations of muscarinic receptors, a finding which sets gallamine apart from classical muscarinic antagonists such as atropine and QNB. The greatest difference in affinities for gallamine occurred in the brainstem, where the data could be satisfactorily fitted to a two-site model, with 77% of the receptors having high affinity (Kd = 25 nM) and 23% low affinity (93 μM). Further, these affinities displayed rank order correlation with those of carbachol (an agonist), although gallamine has not, so far, displayed agonist (or partial agonist) activity. The finding that antagonists as well as agonists can display multiple affinities for muscarinic receptors suggests that there are fundamental differences among subpopulations of these receptors.
Hydrogen bonding interactions between adsorbed polymer molecules and crystal surface of acetaminophen

The objective of this work was to investigate whether or not the hydrogen bonding interaction between polymer and crystal surface can be detected by the etching pattern changes in the presence of polymers. The (010) face of acetaminophen single crystal was used as a model solid surface. The etching patterns on the (010) face of acetaminophen crystal by water are in the directions of a- and c-axes, which are the same as the directions of the dominant attachment energies on the (010) face. In the presence of polymer, the hydrogen bonding interactions between adsorbed polymer and crystal surface can affect surface diffusion of acetaminophen molecules and change the etching patterns in the direction of a-axis, i.e., the direction of one hydrogen bond chain. Studies with 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) showed that polymers, which can form hydrogen bonds with acetaminophen crystal surface, can change etching patterns in the direction of a-axis. Study with Dextran suggested that if a polymer cannot form hydrogen bonds with crystal surface due to steric repulsion, it will not change the etching pattern in the direction of a-axis. Studies with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) further confirmed that only if a polymer can form hydrogen bonds with acetaminophen on crystal surface, the etching patterns in the direction of a-axis will be affected. The study results suggest that in the presence of polymers, the etching pattern change in the direction of hydrogen bond chain, the a-axis of acetaminophen crystals, can be used to indicate the existence of the hydrogen bonding interactions between adsorbed polymers and acetaminophen crystal surface.
TheAllen Charge: Expedient justice or coercion?

The Allen Charge is a trial instruction the presiding judge issues to the jury to encourage a quick verdict when the decisionmaking process appears to have stalled. The Allen Charge has been the subject of extensive legal writing and controversy. However, empirical examinations are rare. This study begins to address the coercive nature of the Allen Charge by providing a description of every federal case appealed from 1964 through March 1999 due to the use of this directive. The 566 cases analyzed indicate the type of crime, holiday season, and defendant gender are associated with affirmation of a guilty verdict. Policy suggestions include a critical reexamination of the use of the Allen Charge.
Duration of Penicillin Prophylaxis in Sickle Cell Anemia: Issues and Controversies

Functional asplenia occurs in 94% of patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia by 5 years of age and may result in fatal septicemia due to encapsulated microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Penicillin prophylaxis in these patients significantly reduces the risk of septicemia; however, continuation of prophylaxis beyond 5 years of age is controversial, since the risk of developing septicemia is reduced after this age and prolonged prophylaxis may lead to emergence of penicillin resistance. Although reports of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in patients receiving penicillin prophylaxis are conflicting, the prevalence of these organisms in the general population in North America increased from 5% in 1989 to more than 35% in 1997. Discontinuation of prophylaxis after age 5 years may be recommended because of lack of benefit, difficulty maintaining compliance, reduced risk of developing pneumococcal bacteremia after that age, and increase in prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci worldwide.
Origins of mechanical strength and elasticity in thermally reversible, acrylic triblock copolymer gels

Thermoreversible gels were formed by dissolving a poly(methyl methacrylate)−poly(tert-butyl acrylate)−poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymer in a variety of alcohols, including ethanol, 1-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, and 1-octanol. The gels exhibit an ideal and reversible solid/liquid transition in each of these solvents, behaving as strong elastic solids at room temperature and as freely flowing liquids above the gel transition. The time-dependent elastic properties of the gels are governed by two transition temperatures. The first transition is the critical micelle temperature (cmt) near 60 °C, below which the PMMA blocks aggregate to form a physically cross-linked network. As the gels are cooled to room temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals a second transition where the PMMA domains undergo a glass transition. The glass transition temperature of the PMMA domains increases when the gels are aged at room temperature. Time−temperature superposition can be applied below the cmt to ...
Superpropagator and superconformal invariants

Abstract We construct a superpropagator in maximally supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory which is invariant off-shell under a chiral half of supersymmetries. Motivated by the duality with scattering amplitudes in this theory, we apply this superpropagator to supersymmetric Wilson loop on polygonal contours. By performing explicit one-loop calculations we confirm the absence of anomalies and verify the duality between the object under study and NMHV amplitudes.
Social Exchanges Within Organizations and Work Outcomes: The Importance of Local and Global Relationships

Social exchange research has focused primarily on employee relationships with supervisors and with the organization to explain employee in-role and extra-role behaviors. This article extends the understanding of social exchange by exploring two additional exchanges (employee relationships with top management and with employees in other work areas) and examine all four social exchanges’ effects on work behaviors. It also extends notions of employee performance to include employee involvement in organizational improvement efforts. Data collected in a field study of 129 supervisor-subordinate dyads suggest that local (interpersonal exchanges with supervisors and colleagues in other work areas) and global (exchanges with top management and the organization)foci have different effects on work performance and that local social exchanges have a greater influence on work outcomes than global social exchanges.
Modeling non-uniformity in short-read rates in RNA-Seq data

After mapping, RNA-Seq data can be summarized by a sequence of read counts commonly modeled as Poisson variables with constant rates along each transcript, which actually fit data poorly. We suggest using variable rates for different positions, and propose two models to predict these rates based on local sequences. These models explain more than 50% of the variations and can lead to improved estimates of gene and isoform expressions for both Illumina and Applied Biosystems data.
Interferon and PV stem cells.

IFN-α resuscitates normal dormant hematopoietic cells suppressed by the polycythemia vera clone and induces polyclonal hematopoiesis.1,2 Is the mechanism of this salutary effect mediated by augmentation of immune attack against the mutant clone, by direct suppression of the mutant clone via altering its cytokine signaling, or by a direct effect on clonal and normal stem cells?
Zur expliziten berechnung von ganzheitsbasen in strahlklassenkörpern über einem imaginär-quadratischen zahlkörper

Abstract Let K be an imaginary quadratic number field, K (1) its Hilbert class field, and K (f) the ray class field modulo f over K , where f is an integral ideal in K . Using suitably normalized values of the weierstrass P -function an explicit method is developed to construct a relative integral basis for K (f)/ K (1).
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology

Psychologists have long been interested in understanding the teaching-learning connection (Daniel, 1974). Indeed, well before Boyer (1990) championed the cause of the scholarship of teaching and th...
On the culture of material value and the cosmography of riches

Herein is a discourse on value and how economics fails as a science thereof by banishing culture to the status of “exogenous factors.” The argument is demonstrated by an ethnographically informed study of the external origins of riches. Among the conclusions: money (“magical property”) as a means rather than the antithesis of extended kinship; scarcity as a function of value rather than the value of scarcity; and other such contradictions of the deceived wisdom.
Continent-scale linearity of kimberlite–carbonatite magmatism, mid-continent North America

Abstract Cretaceous–Tertiary kimberlite–carbonatite magmatism in mid-continent North America extends along a N40°W linear trend from Louisiana to Alberta, and occurs in at least four different pulses (∼109–85, 67–64, 55–52, and less than 50 Ma). The lack of spatial age progressions of magmatism consistent with motion of North America over a fixed hot spot, the presence of Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotopic and trace-element compositions that show a temporal evolution from lithospheric to asthenospheric melt-sources, and the orientation of the magmatic belt parallel to the western subduction margin of the North American plate, suggest that this linear zone is the surface expression of mantle melting related to the subduction system. We propose that fragmentation of Farallon and Kula plates opened slab windows perpendicular to their convergence direction. In this model, sheet-like mantle upwellings were induced along slab-window margins, and these upwellings underwent low-degree partial melting to produce highly alkalic magmas along the trend parallel to, but ∼ 2000 km east of, the convergent margin. The N40°W trend may reflect melting associated with penetration of the mantle transition-zone by the downgoing oceanic plate(s).
MANAGEMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION–RELATED BLEEDING

Variceal bleeding represents one of the most alarming complications in cirrhosis. Liver transplantation has revolutionized all aspects of cirrhosis management, yet the timely and thoughtful management of variceal bleeding is still pivotal in ensuring that patients survive until donors become available. In the past 10 years, several developments across the disciplines involved in the care of liver disease have widened the choices available in the concerted management of patients who have variceal bleeding. The focus of this article is to discuss the various modalities available for the management of active bleeding and the options to prevent variceal bleeding both in patients who have never bled and in those who have previously bled. A flow diagram is provided to illustrate the optimal approach to the care of these patients.
Cardiac arrest and sudden unexpected death in variant angina: Complications of coronary spasm that can occur in the absence of severe organic coronary stenosis

Experiences in 81 patients with variant angina were reviewed with the goal of determining which clinical features were associated with the greatest risk of angina-linked cardiac arrest (13 patients) or sudden unexpected death (9 patients). The risk of occurrence of one of these actually or potentially fatal events was approximately tripled by the presence of either a history of angina-linked syncope or documentation of serious arrhythmia complicating attacks. An unexpected finding was that the risk was increased 1.5-fold by the absence of high-grade organic coronary stenosis. Cardiac arrest and sudden death are important risks of variant angina, which can occur without the presence of severe organic coronary stenosis. These risks can be reduced by adequate vasodilator therapy that includes a calcium channel blocker.
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth

This book provides a general description of many aspects of microwave Earth remote sensing, including a description of many of the basic mathematical techniques used for remote sensing. Also, the book points out the relevance of Earth remote sensing, by describing many remote sensing applications. Many are well-written and interesting, and each chapter includes a paragraph describing its purpose and what it covers. Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth begins with a good discussion of remote sensing and what can be learned from the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the Earth. There is a good comparison of optical, infrared, and microwave remote sensing and what can be learned from each wavelength region. One of the most interesting aspects of this book is the description of a number of Russian aircraft and space microwave experiments in this field. These experiments are somewhat dated, 1980–1990, but provide examples of the pioneering techniques and results achieved by Russian scientists.
The impact of the assimilation of Aquarius sea surface salinity data in the GEOS ocean data assimilation system

Ocean salinity and temperature differences drive thermohaline circulations. These properties also play a key role in the ocean-atmosphere coupling. With the availability of L-band space-borne observations, it becomes possible to provide global scale sea surface salinity (SSS) distribution. This study analyzes globally the along-track (Level 2) Aquarius SSS retrievals obtained using both passive and active L-band observations. Aquarius alongtrack retrieved SSS are assimilated into the ocean data assimilation component of Version 5 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) assimilation and forecast model. We present a methodology to correct the large biases and errors apparent in Version 2.0 of the Aquarius SSS retrieval algorithm and map the observed Aquarius SSS retrieval into the ocean models bulk salinity in the topmost layer. The impact of the assimilation of the corrected SSS on the salinity analysis is evaluated by comparisons with insitu salinity observations from Argo. The results show a significant reduction of the global biases and RMS of observations-minus-forecast differences at in-situ locations. The most striking results are found in the tropics and southern latitudes. Our results highlight the complementary role and problems that arise during the assimilation of salinity information from in-situ (Argo) and space-borne surface (SSS) observations
DECISION MAKING FOR NETWORK HEALTH ASSESSMENT IN AN INTELLIGENT INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

This paper describes the use of artificial intelligence techniques in the creation of a network-based decision engine for decision support in an Intelligent Intrusion Detection System (IIDS). In order to assess overall network health, the decision engine fuses outputs from different intrusion detection sensors serving as "experts" and then analyzes the integrated information to present an overall security view of the system for the security administrator. This paper reports on the workings of a decision engine that has been successfully embedded into the IIDS architecture being built at the Center for Computer Security Research, Mississippi State University. The decision engine uses Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM)s and fuzzy rule-bases for causal knowledge acquisition and to support the causal knowledge reasoning process.
Atypical prothrombin in purified preparations from dicoumarol-treated steers.

Abstract A preparation of prothrombin obtained from dicoumarol-treated steers, having been highly purified from an eluate of Ba citrate, and showing a single component by several rigorous physicochemical and immunological criteria, possessed only 55% of normal specific biologic activity. Agar gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 in the presence of Ca2+ (but not its absence) yielded two separate components: normal prothrombrin moving between β and α1, and an atypical variant between α1 and α2. The normal was separable from atypical by successive adsorptions on BaSO4 in oxalated saline. The varieties were immunologically identical. Atypical material activated in 1 1 2 hours (as contrasted to 6 minutes for normal), and its specific activity approximated 12% of normal. Adsorbability on Ba citrate distinguished it from two other dicoumarol-induced prothrombin variants we have identified.
Ein neuartiger heterodinuclearer Katalysator für die asymmetrische Hydrierung — ein Bisphosphido‐Ligand mit einem stereogenen Rheniumzentrum

Description d'un catalyseur d'hydrogenation asymetrique contenant un rhenium chiral dans un squelette diphosphane chelatant. Production de l'exces enantiomerique le plus eleve jamais obtenu avec des systemes au rhodium
Nematic Liquid Crystal Modulator With 40 µs Response Time

Recently, transient phase response associated with surface mode molecular relaxation from highly deformed nematic liquid crystal (LC) directors has been employed to achieve high speed liquid crystal modulators.1-3 This transient nematic effect was analyzed experimentally and numerically. The transient decay time was found to be fast, insensitive to cell thickness, but cell proportional to (X/An0)2; being the optical wavelength and Ano the corresponding birefringence of LC. Based on both computer simulations and experimental results, decay time of the fast LC amplitude modulator was derived. Together with multiple pass technique and optimal temperature effect, the response speed of transient nematic effect can be further improved. Nematic liquid crystal modulators with frame time <40 pis have been achieved in the visible spectral region.
Variable-focal-length microelectromechanical lens

We discuss the characteristics of a novel microelectromechanical cylindrical focusing mirror having a focal length which is controlled by active and intrinsic stresses in the thin films composing it. The unactuated mechanical state of the mirror is determined by intrinsic stress levels in a SiN structural layer and a piezoelectric PZT actuator layer which are part of a doubly clamped cantilever beam. The stresses are controlled by the sputter- deposition parameters and annealing conditions. The stresses concentrate curvature in the thin central mirror portion of the beam and can give the mirror a minimum focal length of as little as 100 micrometers . The focal length is increased during actuation of the PZT layer by inducing a differential tensile stress which reduces the curvature. Theoretical results are presented which predict the maximum focal length range and operating speed for a given device design. They indicate that operating frequencies of greater than 100 kHz can be achieved for a device with a focal length range of 100 micrometers to infinity. Experimental results will verify the operating principal of the proposed device.
Going beyond worst-case specs with TEAtime

Virtually all engineers use worst-case component specifications for new system designs, thereby ensuring that the resulting product will operate under worst-case conditions. However, given that most systems operate under typical operating conditions that rarely approach the demands of worst-case conditions, building such robust systems incurs a significant performance cost. Further, classic worst-case designs do not adapt to variations in either manufacturing or operating conditions. A timing-error-avoidance prototype provides a circuit and system solution to these problems for synchronous digital systems. TEAtime has demonstrated much better performance than classically designed systems and also adapts well to varying temperature and supply-voltage conditions.
The adsorption of ammonia on Ru(001) and its effect on coadsorbed CO

Abstract The interaction of ammonia with a Ru(001) surface and its effect on coadsorbed CO have been studied by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). In HREELS, for coverages below one monolayer we observed two states of ammonia, which differed only in that one showed a Ru-N stretch, while the other did not. No evidence was found for the dissociation of ammonia. CO postdosed on a high coverage (≅ 0.25 ML) of ammonia gave a single but broad C-O stretch band at 1560 cm −1 . With less ammonia, another loss developed at 1960 cm −1 . The effect of ammonia on coadsorbed CO is dominated by a change in the CO adsorption site. Both short- and long-range electronic effects are also involved.
Alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression in callus and somatic embryo of carrot

Abstract A carrot mRNA of about 1700 nucleotides hybridized specifically to a cloned maize alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene. Hybridization of mRNAs from callus and somatic embryo to the maize probe suggests that Adh expression in carrot is similar in these two cell types.
Low-Temperature Cathodoluminescence in Disordered ${\rm SiO}_{2}$

In Recent Charging Studies, A Discernible Glow Was Detected Emanating From Sample Surfaces Undergoing Electron Beam Bombardment That Resulted From A Luminescent Effect Termed Cathodoluminescence. This Suggests That Some Of The Materials Used As Optical Elements, Structural Components, And Thermal Control Surfaces In The Construction Of Space-Based Observatories Might Luminesce When Exposed To Sufficiently Energetic Charged Particle Fluxes From The Space Plasma Environment. A Central Focus Of Our Experiments Was The Temperature Dependence Of The Luminescent Behavior. Here, An Overview Of Our Experimental Results Is Given, As Well As A Qualitative Model To Describe The Luminescent Behavior. We Look At A Simple Model Of Band Theory And The Filling Of Localized Or Trapped States And The Electron Transitions From Which The Luminescence Originates.
P-1067 - Neurosyphilis presenting as psychosis

As we all know there has been a recent resurgence in the incidence of syphilis worldwide. Presented here is a case report of a 46 year old African- American male with no past psychiatric history, who presented with an acute onset of psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations and aggressiveness. The patient was later diagnosed as having Neurosyphilis at a large community hospital and was started on benzathine penicillin G, 2.4 million units I/M every week for 3 weeks, and was later transferred to a state mental hospital to treat his psychosis. Patient was then tried on quetiapine with the target bid dose of 400 mg (am) and 600 mg (pm) along with benztropine 2 mg tid. After 3 weeks, the patient's hallucinations and aggressiveness improved, his EPS also became better. One of the objectives of this case report is to compare the patient's response to different trials of antipsychotics and to also emphasize the importance of routine screening for syphilis as part of the diagnostic work up of psychosis.
Aging and New Vision Loss: Disruptions of the Here and Now

This paper treats time and space as two central perceptual categories that are disrupted when an older person confronts new vision loss. Qualitative research findings are presented, describing (1) the “invisible,” “unknowable,” and “hostile” relationships to objects and space often experienced by older persons with recent blindness; and (2) the consequent disruption of their previous ordering of time. Such challenges to these perceptual categories force newly blind older persons to question their ability to manipulate the environment and to participate in social relationships. Consequently, these perceptual disruptions make them vulnerable to both self-imposed tentativeness and externally generated labeling processes that identify them as incompetent.
Imbedded singular continuous spectrum for Schrodinger operators

(1.1) Hv = -^ + V{x) and some self-adjoint boundary condition at zero. The operator (1.1) describes a charged particle, such as an electron, in the electric field V(x). When V(x) is decaying quickly, one expects the spectral and dynamical properties of Hy to remain close to those of the free operator Ho. Recall that with the operator (1.1) one can associate in a canonical way a spectral measure p, (see, for example, [6, 2]) which contains much information about the quantum system. The classical result in this direction, going back to the beginning of the century, is that if V G L1, the spectral measure on the positive semi-axis remains purely absolutely continuous. In one dimension, an absolutely continuous spectrum corresponds to the ballistic rate of propagation of the particle. A natural question to ask is what are the critical rates of decay at which some changes in the spectral and dynamical properties of Hy may happen. As far as V(x) has any decay at all, the essential spectrum coincides with [0, oo), but the quality of the spectrum and dynamics may change. In 1928, Wigner and von Neumann [27] showed that there exist potentials V(x) satisfying \V(x)\ < ^jsuch that Hy has positive imbedded eigenvalue E = 1. This is a purely quantum resonance phenomenon, since V can be chosen arbitrarily small and the bound state originates from long-range correlations in the potential rather than the usual confining effect. Naboko [17] and Simon [25] provided constructions which show that much more drastic changes are possible if the potential decays arbitrarily slower than Coulomb. Namely, for any positive function h(x) which grows at infinity, there exist potentials V such that |V(x)| < yjgand Hy has a dense set of positive eigenvalues. Due to some recent results [3, 21], it is known that the absolutely continuous spectrum on the positive semi-axis is preserved for |V(o;)| < C(l + x)~l/2~e and in fact for V G L2 [8]. More precisely, for such potentials the absolutely continuous part of the spectral measure, /iac, gives positive weight to any subset of (0, oo) of positive Lebesgue measure. Therefore, the Naboko
Membrane gas transfer under conditions of creeping flow: modeling gas composition effects

A computational model was developed to predict gas transfer and gas composition changes in membrane modules designed for addition of gases to groundwater. The model was verified using pilot-scale gas transfer experiments. The modeling and experimental results suggest that back diffusion of dissolved gases into the membrane has a significant effect on gas transfer via hollow-fiber membrane. In the experimental study, N(2) back-diffusion reduced the partial pressure of O(2) within the membrane and decreased the concentration gradient for gas transfer. The model was able to simulate both the dynamic and steady-state gas transfer behavior of the membranes under a variety of operating conditions. This model can be used to estimate gas transfer as a function of different membrane module design and operating conditions.
A Causal Synthesis of Sociological and Psychological Models of American Voting Behavior

A path model of the presidential vote involving social variables, party identification, issue orientations, and candidate evaluations is estimated using samples from the 1964 and 1968 elections. Social effects on voting behavior are channeled almost completely through party identification, which has the largest direct effect on the vote. Indirect effects of party identification through candidate evaluations are considerably larger than through issue orientations. The models for both years reveal similar effects, although issues and candidates were more important determinants of the vote in 1964. Two broad traditions have shaped the research efforts on mass electoral behavior over the past thirty years. From the mountain of articles, monographs and books reporting on the voting behavior of the American public, two perspectives stand out-the sociological and the psychological. While both seek to explain the same events-political participation or decision-making-they invoke different causal mechanisms and place different emphases on the importance of certain variables for understanding outcomes of the electoral system. Elements of the sociological approach to electoral behavior have existed for several decades, but the tradition received its sharpest formative influence in two community surveys carried out by scholars at Columbia. In both The People's Choice (Lazarsfeld et al., 1944) and Voting (Berelson et al., 1954), the authors devoted considerable effort to determining the effects of group membership on a variety of political behaviors, especially the partisan division of the presidential vote. In both volumes the researchers demonstrated deep and persistent political differences in major social categories. Such differences presumably develop initially from self-interest arising through major social identifications, associations, and memberships, and persist over time through withingroup interaction and cross-generational social-
Cost-effectiveness of fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of fondaparinux relative to enoxaparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Methods A decision analysis model was created to simulate the impact of fondaparinux 2.5 mg once daily relative to enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily on patient outcomes and costs over various time points up to 5 years after surgery. Probabilities for the analysis were estimated for a hypothetical cohort of 1000 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in the United States receiving either fondaparinux or enoxaparin according to comparative trial results. Resource use and costs (2003 dollars) were obtained from large health-care databases. Outcome measures were rates of symptomatic VTE events, health-care costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results Fondaparinux is estimated to prevent an additional 30 VTE events (per 1000 patients) at 3 months compared with enoxaparin, producing savings of $103 at discharge, $290 over 1 month, $361 over 3 months, and $466 over 5 years. The results remain robust to clinically plausible variation in input parameters and assumptions. Conclusions Fondaparinux improves outcomes and is cost-saving over a broad range of assumptions compared with enoxaparin for prophylaxis of VTE after hip fracture surgery.
Investigation of friction mechanisms during the sliding of elastomers against hard parallel-ridge textures

Abstract Skin friction against textured surfaces is of great interest in a number of products. Primary challenges in haptics are measuring skin friction against textures and characterizing complex textures. The authors sought to measure the coefficient of friction of skin-simulating elastomers against a number of polypropylene textures. All the textures involved arrays of parallel ridges characterized by ridge width, pitch, and height. The first part of the work investigated silicone friction against a non-textured panel. The second part involved neoprene friction both parallel and perpendicular to the texture ridges. Neoprene COF depended strongly on the textures′ raised area fraction in parallel sliding. There was a ridge height threshold below which friction was equivalent in either sliding direction.
Octachlorodibenzodioxin formation on Fe(III)-montmorillonite clay.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are ubiquitous and highly toxic environmental contaminants found in surface and subsurface soils and in clay deposits. Interestingly, the congener profiles of such PCDDs are inexplicably dissimilar to those of known anthropogenic (e.g., pesticide manufacture, waste incineration) or natural (e.g., forest fire) sources. Characteristic features of soil or clay-associated PCDDs are the dominance of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) as the most abundant congener and very low levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). These propensities led to the hypothesis of in situ PCDD formation in soils and geologic clay deposits. In this study, we demonstrate the formation of OCDD on the naturally occurring and widely distributed clay mineral montmorillonite under environmentally relevant conditions. When pentachlorophenol (PCP) was mixed with Fe(III)-montmorillonite, significant amounts of OCDD were rapidly (minutes to days) formed (∼5 mg OCDD/kg clay) at ambient temperatu...
Where do I belong? High-intensity teleworkers’ experience of organizational belonging

Despite the noted benefits of telework, concerns about distance, employees’ lack of presence, and how individuals remain connected to the organization and its members continue to surface. This is noteworthy because a sense of connectedness and feelings of belonging at work have been linked to engagement, productivity, and performance. The aim of this phenomenological study was to describe and understand the essence of high-intensity teleworkers’ experience of organizational belonging. Notions of identity fulfilment surface as central to how organizational belonging is experienced by high-intensity teleworkers. Expressions of organizational belonging included experiences that reflected self and other awareness, personal and professional fulfilment, support from others and participation. Not belonging was apparent where there was a lack of credibility, conflict, a loss of stability and exclusion from ownership. A definition of organizational belonging is offered, and recommendations for further research and...
Vitamin E Status and Metabolism in Adult and Aged Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Null Mice

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in regulation of mechanisms for detoxification of xenobiotics, as well as vitamin A metabolism. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient whose metabolism is initialized via the cytochrome P450 system. Thus, AhR absence could alter hepatic regulation of α-tocopherol metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we assessed vitamin E status in adult (2-5 m) and old (21-22 m), wild-type and AhR-null mice. Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations in AhR-null mice (2.3±1.2 μmol/L, n=19) were lower than those of wild-type mice (3.2±1.2, n=17, P=.0131); those in old mice (3.2±1.2, n=20) were higher than those of adults (2.2±1.0, n=16, P=.0075). Hepatic α-tocopherol concentrations were not different between genotypes, but were nearly double in old (32±8 nmol/g, n=20) as compared with adult mice (17±2, n=16, P<.0001). Hepatic Cyp3a concentrations in AhR-null mice were greater than those in wild-type mice (P=.0011). Genotype (P=.0047), sex (P<.0001) and age (P<.0001) were significant modifiers of liver α-tocopherol metabolite (α-CEHC) concentrations. In general, Cyp3a concentrations correlated with hepatic α-tocopherol (r=0.3957, P<.05) and α-CEHC (r=0.4260, P<.05) concentrations. Since there were no significant genotype differences in the hepatic α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations, AhR-null mice did not have dramatically altered vitamin E metabolism. Since they did have higher hepatic α-CEHC concentrations, these data suggest metabolism was up-regulated in the AhR-null mice in order to maintain the hepatic tocopherol concentrations similar to those of wild-type mice.
Plant allocation, growth rate and successional status

Theory predicts a negative correlation between root (and stem) allocation and growth rate in enriched environments (RGR max ), but evidence does not consistently support this. There is one possible supporting example from previous research in which root allocation in the field increases during old-field succession at the Cedar Creek Natural History Area, both community wide and for individual species samples, and RGR max declines for some important species. In this study, we confirm that late successional species have lower RGR max for a larger sample of species (n = 28) as well as higher field root allocation. However, root allocation by seedlings does not increase for the late successional species for those same species in the greenhouse in enriched conditions, indeed it declines
Characterization of NMDAR-Independent Learning in the Hippocampus.

It is currently thought that memory formation requires the activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the hippocampus. However, recent studies indicate that these receptors are not necessary for all forms of learning. The current experiments examine this issue using context fear conditioning in mice. First, we show that context fear can be acquired without NMDAR activation in previously trained animals. Mice trained in one environment (context A) are subsequently able to learn about a second environment (context B) in the presence of NMDAR antagonists. Second, we demonstrate that NMDAR-independent learning requires the hippocampus and is dependent on protein synthesis. However, unlike NMDAR-dependent learning, it is not contingent on the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Lastly, we present data that suggests NMDAR-independent learning is only observed when recently stimulated neurons are re-activated during conditioning. These data suggest that context fear conditioning modifies synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the hippocampus and allows subsequent learning to occur in the absence of NMDAR activation.
A novel approach to the deposition of piezoelectric thin films

Abstract A novel technique for the deposition of piezoelectric thin films is presented. By applying the benefits of DC magnetron sputtering and radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, a new technique denoted direct current biased radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, or DCB-RFPECVD, has been developed. A DC bias was placed on the RF plasma; the bias voltage was much greater than typically used in RF PECVD. The high deposition rate and uniformity associated with RF PECVD are maintained in this process, and an enhanced crystallographic orientation to the thin film can be obtained.
Increases in dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) content and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in epidermal wound healing.

Alterations in 9ADH content and NADdependent dehydrogenase activity were determined in regenerating epithelium during wound healing in young guinea pigs. Regenerating epithelium exhibited increased levels of NADH. The migratory and proliferative phases of epi- dermal wound healing were characterized by increases in glycolytic enzyme activities, including an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The maturation phase of epidermal wound healing was characterized by a maximal increase in a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GOPDH) ac- tivity. The contrasting changes in LDH and GOPDH activity suggest that increased levels of NADH are utilized first by LDH in glycolysis during epidermal migration and proliferation and then by GOPDH in triacylglycerol synthesis during epidermal differentiation. Epidermal keratinization is accompanied by a decrease in phospholipids and an in- crease in certain neutral lipid esters such as triacylglycerols and sterol esters ( 1-3). Fatty acids liberated by the hydrolysis of phospho- lipids may be utilized by reesterification as neutral lipid esters during epidermal kerati- nization (4). Epidermal wound healing is composed of three phases: cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell maturation. These phases serve as a model for studying epider- mal differentiation and cornification. The mi- gratory and proliferative phases occur during the initial 3-4 days following wounding and epidermal maturation occurs during the pe- riod following epithelial wound closure (5). In the present study, the different phases of epithelization have been characterized by as- saying enzyme activities and tissue concen- trations of coenzymes. The contribution of glucose metabolism to triacylglycerol produc- tion during epidermal differentiation is sug- gested by increased activity of a-gl ycerophos- phate dehydrogenase and increased levels of NADH.