cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lane assignment on automated highway systems

The automation of highways as part of the intelligent vehicle highway system (IVHS) program is seen as a way to alleviate congestion on urban highways. This paper discusses the concept of lane assignment in the context of automated highway systems (AHS). Lane assignments represent the scheduling of the path taken by the vehicle once it enters an automated multilane corridor. We discuss the classification of lane assignment strategies into nonpartitioned (totally unconstrained, general, and constant lane) and partitioned (destination monotone, origin monotone, and monotone) strategies. Next, an optimization problem is formulated with the performance criterion being a combination of travel time and manoeuvre costs. Conditions under which the optimal strategy is partitioned, or nearly so, are discussed. We present two algorithms to determine suboptimal partitioned strategies given an optimal nonpartitioned one. A case study of a hypothetical automated highway and the strategies obtained for it under the minimization of total travel time criterion is presented.
Structural Change Early in Development: Mexico's Changing Industrial and Occupational Structure from 1895 to 1950

This Article summarizes the main findings of a detailed. study of the changing occupational and industrial structure of Mexico's non-agricultural labor force from 1895 to 1930 and from 1930 to 1950, based on a comparison of population censuses, especially those of 1895, 1930, and 1950. Structural changes in Mexico's labor force have never been adequately studied, and the results of the present research shed considerable new light on Mexico's development. The findings also suggest important paradoxes and discontinuities in the early stages of industrialization that merit systematic recognition in models and measurements of structural change over the course of development.
A 0.6V Highly Linear Switched-R-MOSFET-C Filter

The design and performance of a switched-R-MOSFET-C filter is presented in this paper. The filter achieves -77dB THD using a 0.6V supply, and -90dB THD using a 0.8V supply, with a 0.6Vpp differential 2kHz sine input. High linearity at a low supply voltage is achieved by the use of duty-cycle controlled tuning inside a feedback loop.
Coastal nitrogen pollution: A review of sources and trends globally and regionally

Abstract The past few decades have seen a massive increase in coastal eutrophication globally, leading to widespread hypoxia and anoxia, habitat degradation, alteration of food-web structure, loss of biodiversity, and increased frequency, spatial extent, and duration of harmful algal blooms. Much of this eutrophication is due to increased inputs of nitrogen to coastal oceans. Before the advent of the industrial revolution and the green revolution, the rate of supply of nitrogen on Earth was limited to the rate of bacterial nitrogen fixation, but human activity now has roughly doubled the rate of creation of reactive, biologically available nitrogen on the land masses of the Earth. Regional variation in this increase is great, and some regions of the Earth have seen little change, while in other areas, nitrogen fluxes through the atmosphere and through rivers have increased by 10–15-fold or more. Much of this increase has occurred over the past few decades. Increased use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer and increased intensity of meat production has led the change globally and in many regions, and agricultural sources are the largest source of nitrogen pollution to many of the planet’s coastal marine ecosystems. The rate of change in nitrogen use in agriculture is incredible, and over half of the synthetic nitrogen fertilizer ever produced has been used in the past 15 years. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen from fossil fuel combustion also contributes to the global budget for reactive nitrogen and is the largest single source of nitrogen pollution in some regions. Technical solutions for reducing nitrogen pollution exist at reasonable cost, but implementation has been poor in many regions.
Single-conformation UV and IR spectroscopy of model G-type lignin dilignols: the β–O–4 and β–β linkages

Single-conformation ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy was performed on dilignols containing two of the three biologically prevalent β-lignol linkages, erythro β–O–4 (β-aryl ether) and (±) β–β (pinoresinol). Both dilignols contain guaiacol(G)-type sub-units, representative of these linkages in G-type lignin. Resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI), IR-UV, and UV-UV holeburning (UVHB) spectroscopy in the cold, isolated environment of a supersonic expansion was carried out to determine the spectroscopic signatures associated with each linkage conformation, revealing striking differences in the vibronic intensity patterns between the two molecules in the UV. Two conformational isomers were found for the β–O–4 dilignol, both being classified into the fully hydrogen-bonded family with α-OH⋯OCH3 (C8) and γ-OH⋯Oβ (C5) H-bonds that are characteristic of the β–O–4 linkage. Conversely, a single dominant conformation was found for the conformationally-constrained pinoresinol. Resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR) spectroscopy provided conformation-specific IR spectra in the OH stretch and alkyl CH stretch regions, yielding complementary data that reported on both the intramolecular H-bonding and more subtle linkage features, respectively. DFT M05-2X calculations predict that the rigid β–β linkage had far fewer low-energy conformations in the first 20 kJ mol−1 (3) than the more flexible β–O–4 linkage (45). In the β–O–4 lignin dimer, the distinct UV chromophores lead to a splitting between S1 and S2 states that is determined mainly by the differences in the chemical structures of the two chromophores. In pinoresinol however, the assigned structure has C2 symmetry, with a calculated vertical excitonic splitting between the S1 and S2 states of 74 cm−1 (TDDFT). After taking into account the reduction in splitting associated with the geometry change in the aromatic rings upon electronic excitation, a vibronically quenched excitonic splitting of no more than a few wavenumbers is predicted for the C2 symmetric pinoresinol, but a definite experimental confirmation was not possible. These results predict that, under most circumstances, adjacent chromophores along a lignin polymer chain are not significantly electronically coupled to one another, and can be treated largely as isolated chromophores.
Faculty Searches at a Christian University: Ethical and Practical Considerations.

In the space of four years, the School of Theology at Seattle Pacific University made eight faculty hires. But for various reasons, three of the eight hirees did not prove to be good “mission fits” for the institution. Suspecting that the regrettable outcome of these searches lay not in the persons hired, but in the deficiencies of the hiring process itself, the school thoroughly revamped its method of recruiting new faculty. This essay describes the new method that was devised by the school's three department chairs in consultation with an organizational psychologist, a method implemented for the first time in 2006–2007. It argues that a successful search depends on three things: (a) the articulation of a clear set of criteria for determining what will count as a “good mission fit,” (b) the compilation of a variegated array of informative documents, which address the aforementioned criteria, and (c) the utilization of a prearranged search protocol, with a clearly delineated division of labor among the st...
SKELETAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND CRINOID CALYX ARCHITECTURE

In the first broad survey of skeletal crystallography in fossil crinoids, we examine 10 Ordovician species representing five orders and apply crystallographic data to questions of crinoid phylogeny, homology, and development. Orientations of c crystallographic axes in the large calcite crystals that form the skeletal plates of the crinoid calyx vary systematically according to the position of each plate on the calyx. Plates lower on the calyx have axes more inclined toward the stem attachment than are axes from plates higher on the calyx. Although most specimens display this general pattern, exact orientations vary widely between species with no discernible relationship to phylogeny. Furthermore, the topological pattern of variation does not correlate with the order of addition of plates to the calyx during growth. Lack of a phylogenetic signal among diverse crinoids early in the clade's history implies that crystallographic data will be of limited use to high-level phylogenetic studies within crinoids. Neither does skeletal crystallography strongly favor any of several competing interpretations of homologies among major crinoid calyx plates. Crystallographic data are informative, however, for some minor skeletal plates. Brachial plates have c axes that roughly parallel the surface of the plate, whereas interbrachial plates have perpendicular c axes, suggesting that distinct generative processes produce these plates. Anal plates have orientations similar to interbrachials, suggesting similar developmental mechanisms. Although c axes have regular orientations relative to plate morphology within a specimen, a axes show extensive intraspecimen variability with respect to plate morphology.
The Utility of the Arts and Humanities

Artists and humanists who work in universities are generally ambivalent about the idea of defending their enterprises in terms of social utility: on the one hand they do not want to claim that the ...
A cucurbit[8]uril sponge.

This paper describes a convenient approach to quantitative removal of the synthetic host cucurbit[8]uril (Q8) from aqueous mixtures using a sepharose resin coated in memantine groups to selectively sequester Q8 in the presence of competing hosts and guests. The “Q8 sponge” can separate Q8 from Q6 and reverse the Q8-mediated dimerization of peptides.
Production of cytotoxic, KIR-negative NK cells from CD34+ cord blood cells with the use of Notch signaling.

The use of natural killer (NK) cells as cell therapy against acute leukemia is an active area of investigation. The optimal source of cytotoxic NK cells for therapeutic use is presently unknown. With funds from the National Blood Foundation, the author's lab has developed in vitro culture systems that use the Notch receptor ligand Delta4 for the differentiation and expansion of functional NK cells from CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. These Notch-induced NK (N-NK) cells display a predominantly immature, CD56(bright) surface phenotype, with expression of activating receptors important for leukemia cell recognition and killing, but with an absence of inhibitory receptors that bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, making them free of restriction by self-MHC. They are capable of directly killing hematopoietic tumor cell lines and primary leukemia cells in vitro. Thus, cytotoxic, HLA-independent N-NK cells may represent a novel cell therapy for hematopoietic malignancy.
Editorial Preface to: The Equal Regard Family and Its Friendly Critics

This project celebrates and evaluates Don S. Browning's groundbreaking contribution to critical family theory, the concept of the equal regard family. Browning's ethic of equal regard demands husbands and wives to give equal respect for the dignity and wellbeing of the other, equal devotion to the procreation and nurture of their children, equal access to public and professional life, and equal sacrifice for health and happiness of each other and their family. The contributors to this volume analyze Browning's theory of equal regard with the critical lenses of theology, ethics, pastoral care, evolutionary biology, law, demography, psychology, sociology, and history. This brief article introduces the volume and situates Browning's thought and that of his friendly critics.
Seed-Caching by Larvae of Two Ground Beetles, Harpalus pensylvanicus and H. erraticus

During a study of the biology of carabids found in cropland (Kirk 1971, 1972), I found many fields where some larvae of Harpalus pensylvanicus De Geer and H. erraticus Say had accumulated a supply of grass seed in their burrows. However, I have found no mention in the literature of any caching by carabid larvae, though the adults of some other species do collect seeds and deposit them underground. For example, Ditomus spp. in southern Europe (Burmeister 1939, Kuhnelt 1970) gather seeds, especially of grasses. Also, Manley (1971) showed that Synuchus impunctatus (Say) caches seeds of Melampyrum lineare Lamarck in Michigan woodland (in South Dakota, this insect is commonly found under logs and stones in wooded areas during July–August, but not in cropland).
Experience with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Treatment of Infective Endocarditis

The published experience with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for treatment of infective endocarditis was reviewed. Among 62 cases, a high proportion had unusual causative organisms: 60% of cases were due to Coxiella burnetii or Pseudomonas species. Only 17% of patients had previously normal cardiac valves. Patients often had complicated courses in which TMP-SMZ was tried only after other treatment regimens had failed, yet a successful outcome was achieved in 61% of cases. Thirty-five patients were treated with antibiotics alone, while the other 27 patients required combined medical and surgical management. TMP-SMZ has a limited role in the management of infective endocarditis; specific guidelines for its use, including proper laboratory control, have been delineated.
Release of Engineered Nanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites: Diffusion, Dissolution, and Desorption

Polymer nanocomposites—polymer-based materials that incorporate filler elements possessing at least one dimension in the nanometer range—are increasingly being developed for commercial applications ranging from building infrastructure to food packaging to biomedical devices and implants. Despite a wide range of intended applications, it is also important to understand the potential for exposure to these nanofillers, which could be released during routine use or abuse of these materials, so it can be determined whether they pose a risk to human health or the environment. This article is the first in a series of two that review the state of the science regarding the release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from polymer nanocomposites. Two ENM release paradigms are considered in this series: the release of ENMs via passive diffusion, desorption, and dissolution into external liquid media and release of ENMs assisted by matrix degradation. The present article focuses primarily on the first paradigm and incl...
Replication of Reliable Assembly Features for Polymer Modular Microfluidic Systems

BioMEMS are compact devices which use microfabrication to miniaturize conventional benchtop instruments. The benefits of using micro devices are the need for less chemical reagents, faster processing, and portability. Realizing a powerful sample-to-answer micro system requires more than just microfabrication technology; thermal management, microfluidic control, and interfacing technology must also be considered. You et al. [1] applied kinematic constraint analysis using screw theory to design the assembly features for passive alignment structures for polymer, modular microfluidic devices. Three pairs of v-groove and hemispherical pin joints were chosen as kinematic pairs for mating two modules. Dimensional variation of the assembly features was one of principal contributions to the mismatch of 28 μm-75 μm between stacked plates in assembly that was reported. This was primarily a result of incomplete mold filling and deformation of the passive alignment structures during the demolding process. Hemisphere-tipped recesses, with additional annular walls as dummy structures, were used to designed to achieve better replication by improving polymer filling and reducing the deformation during demolding. In prototype devices, the posts with the annular dummy structures had a mean height of 922.2 μm – 924.1 μm while the original posts without dummy structures had mean heights of 865.3 μm – 891.2 μm in 10 samples under the same embossing conditions for a design height of 925 μm. Alignment accuracy of better than 10 μm was achieved in the assembly of two plates.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A Stabilized B-Splines FEM Formulation for the Solution of an Inverse Elasticity Problem Arising in Medical Imaging

Soft tissue pathologies are often associated with changes in mechanical properties. For example, breast and other tumors usually present as stiff lumps. Imaging the spatial distribution of the mechanical properties of tissues thus reveals information of diagnostic value. Doing so, however, typically requires the solution of an inverse elasticity problem. In this work we consider the inverse elasticity problem for an incompressible material in plane stress, formulated and solved as a constrained optimization problem. We formulate this inverse problem enforcing high order continuity for our variables. Driven by the requirements for the strong and weak solutions to this problem, we assume that our data field (i.e. the measured displacement) is in H2 and our parameter distribution (i.e. the sought shear modulus distribution) is in H1 . This high order regularity requirement for the data is incompatible with standard FEM. We solve this problem using a FEM formulation that is novel in two respects. First, we employ quadratic b-splines that enforce C1 continuity in our displacement field, consistent with the variational requirements of the continuous problem. Second, we include Galerkin-least-squares (GLS) stabilization in the iterative optimization formulation. GLS adds consistent stability to the discrete formulation that otherwise violates an ellipticity condition that is satisfied by the continuous problem. Computational examples validate this formulation and demonstrate numerical convergence with mesh refinement.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Thermochemistry of Multiferroic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites [(CH3)2NH2][M(HCOO)3] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn).

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials have enormous potential for applications in catalysis, gas storage, sensors, drug delivery, and energy generation, among others. A class of hybrid materials adopt...
The use of regression analysis to determine hospital payment: the case of Medicare's indirect teaching adjustment

Although the intention of Medicare policy makers was to use only "legitimate" cost differences to adjust teaching hospital payment rates under the prospective payment system (PPS), the actual calculations implicitly recognized others. In this paper I question whether these implicit costs should be passed through, and whether regression analysis was used correctly to establish reimbursement rates for hospitals under PPS. Conducting regression analyses on a more inclusive set of variables than the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) used to establish its adjustments, I conclude that costs in teaching hospitals rise only 3.15% for each .1 increment in the resident-to-bed ratio, far lower than HCFA's original 11.59% adjustment and substantially lower than the current adjustment of 7.7% for indirect costs.
A Guide to Groups, Rings, and Fields: Rings and Modules

Rings may well be the most familiar algebraic structure. We all grew up with integers, polynomials, rational and real numbers. These familiar rings do not, however, prepare us for the huge variety of rings and the complexity of ring theory. Rings and their modules should be studied together, and that is what we do in this chapter. DEFINITIONS We start fromthe definitions of the objects, the appropriate homomorphisms, and the relevant sub-objects. Since both rings and modules will be in play, we need to do this for both structures. RINGS Definition 5.1.1 A ring is a set R together with two operations written as addition and multiplication, such that 1. R with addition is an abelian group with neutral element 0 2. R with multiplication is a monoid, i.e., multiplication is associative and there is a neutral element 1 3. multiplication distributes over addition: a(b + c) = ab + ac and (b + c)a = ba + ca for all a, b, c ∈ R . It is useful to have names for elements in a ring with special properties. Definition 5.1.2 Let R be a ring . 1. We say an element x ∈ R is a unit if there exists an element x′ ∈ R such that xx′ = x′x = 1 . 2. We say an element x ∈ R is a zero-divisor if x ≠ 0 and there exists y ∈ R, y ≠ 0, such that xy = 0 or yx = 0 . […]
Monoamine Oxidase-A and -B and the Bioactivation of MPTP-like Neurotoxins

It is widely known that the self-administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), along with several other agents including 1-methyl-4-propionoxypiperidine (MPPP), caused irreversible symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in several young drug abusers (Davis et al., 1979; Langston et al., 1983). These individuals were using MPPP as an alternative to heroin in what has been described as the “Designer Drug Phenomenon.” The clinical features observed in the affected individuals include tremor, rigidity and akinesia, the three symptoms ordinarily seen in the Parkinsonian patient.
Investigational Treatments for Status Epileptics

The armamentarium for treatment of seizures in the intensive care unit is extensive, but some seizures and status epilepticus (SE) remain refractory to many standard treatments, and often, an individual patient will respond more or less well than other patients do to a given treatment. Also, each treatment, whether pharmacologic or invasive, carries its own particular side effects or complications. New additional treatments are necessary in many cases. This chapter reviews some of those new treatments, particularly those currently under formal investigation. Immunosuppression for autoimmune encephalopathy causes of status epilepticus and focal resection for refractory cases of focal status epilepticus are becoming relatively common practices and are covered elsewhere in this book. This chapter focuses on antiseizure medications in clinical trials, the somewhat more remote prospect of gene therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: effect of ammonia on product selectivities for a Pt promoted Co/alumina catalyst

The effects of co-fed ammonia in synthesis gas on the activity and product selectivities of a typical cobalt catalyst (0.5% Pt–25% Co/Al2O3) were investigated during the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The product selectivities were compared at a similar CO conversion level for various concentrations (10–1000 ppmv) of ammonia, as well as clean (un-poisoned) conditions. The addition of 10–1000 ppmv ammonia (concentration of ammonia with respect to the syngas feed) significantly decreased activity; the percentage of deactivation was similar (∼40%) for the various concentrations of ammonia used. At similar CO conversions, the addition of ammonia caused an increase in olefin selectivity and the corresponding paraffin and alcohol selectivities were decreased compared to the ammonia free synthesis conditions. Olefin selectivity increased with increasing concentration of ammonia, and the paraffin and alcohol selectivities were decreased with increasing ammonia concentration. At similar CO conversions, ammonia addition exhibited a positive effect on hydrocarbon selectivity (i.e., lower light gas products and higher C5+) and also light gas product selectivities (C1–C4) were decreased and C5+ selectivity increased with increasing concentration of ammonia compared to ammonia free conditions.
Brain MRI data in Chinese dyslexic children performing an auditory rhyming judgment task

This article includes the description of data information from an auditory rhyming judgment task in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia, age-matched control children and reading-matched control children. You will find fMRI data information including experimental design, MRI protocol, and brain activation results from each of the three groups of subjects. Other results from the same study were published in Neuroimage (Cao, in press [1]).
Condensation on Highly Superheated Surfaces: Unstable Thin Films in a Wickless Heat Pipe.

Microgravity experiments on the space station show condensation on a surface that is well above the boiling point of the condensate.
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization has Improved Short-term Outcomes but Worse Mid-term Reintervention Rates Compared to CABG: A Propensity Matched Analysis.

OBJECTIVE We evaluated short-term outcomes and mid-term survival and reintervention of hybrid coronary revascularization versus conventional coronary artery bypass grafting using a propensity score matched cohort. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease from 2007 to 2015 at a single institution. Patients were propensity matched 1:1 to receiving hybrid coronary revascularization or conventional bypass grafting by multivariate logistic regression on preoperative characteristics. Short-term outcomes were compared. Freedom from reintervention and death were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Propensity score matching selected 91 patients per group from 91 hybrid and 2601 conventionally revascularized patients. Hybrid revascularization occurred with surgery first in 56 (62%), percutaneous intervention first in 32 (35%), and simultaneously in 3 (3%) patients. Median intervals between interventions were 3 and 36 days for surgery first and percutaneous intervention first, respectively. Preoperative characteristics were similar. Patients undergoing hybrid revascularization had shorter postoperative length of stay (median = 4 vs 5 days, P < 0.001), less postoperative transfusion (13.2% vs 34.1%, P = 0.001), and respiratory failure (0% vs 6.6%, P = 0.03). They were more likely to be discharged home (93.4% vs 71.4%, P < 0.001), with no difference in 30-day mortality (P = 0.99), readmission (P = 0.23), or mid-term survival (P = 0.79). Hybrid revascularization was associated with earlier reintervention (P = 0.02). Hazard ratios for reintervention and patient mortality of hybrid coronary revascularization versus conventional revascularization were 3.60 (95% confidence interval = 1.16-11.20) and 1.17 (95% confidence interval = 0.37-3.72), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite having favorable short-term outcomes and similar survival, hybrid coronary revascularization may be associated with earlier reintervention compared with conventional techniques.
Fertilizer Type on Cabbage Growth and Yield

ABSTRACTUse of synthetic fertilizers can cause long-term problems for the environment. Developing a suitable strategy for agricultural application of alternative types of fertilizer is important. Commercial organic liquid fertilizers and a urea solution were utilized to investigate effects on growth and yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). The experiment included the cvs. Ramso and Copenhagen and the commercially available liquid fertilizers urea at 1 g·L−1; humic acid at 5 mL·L−1, Higro Amin-L 5 mL·L−1, and Maxinim at 5 mL·L−1. The interaction of ‘Copenhagen’ and Maxinim produced the highest percentage dry matter, widest heads and most marketable yield, longest stems, and highest percentage nitrogen. The interaction of ‘Copenhagen’ and Higro Amin-L produced the widest leaves and heaviest total and marketable head weights. The interaction of ‘Ramos’ and humic acid produced the fewest loose leaves. Use of ‘Copenhagen’ and Higro Amin-L fertilizer improves leaf width, total head weight, and...
Sources of Momentum in Bonds

This paper documents that momentum profits in corporate bonds prevail during weakening aggregate credit conditions, and are driven by losers. Consistent with this, we find that a conditional default factor explains the cross-section returns of corporate bond portfolios sorted by past performance. Based on the evidence, we develop a model connecting bond momentum returns to the ability of bondholders to recover value when firms default. Specifically, we propose that firms with more (less) intangible capital and growth options are more (less) costly to liquidate and, therefore, they have lower (higher) recovery value. In this case, the bond momentum can exist, because the “recovery premium” becomes more important when firm default becomes highly probable. We provide strong empirical support to these predictions. Related, the U.S. government bonds display no momentum, yet it emerges in sovereign bond returns. Time-varying aggregate default shocks and firm characteristics determining the growth and liquidation of issuers are the main sources of momentum in bonds.
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting: A Descriptive Study across Industries

Corporate Social Responsibility (hereafter, CSR) reporting has become an international trend. We examine the CSR reports of ten S&P 500 companies across different industries in the U.S. We find that while these CSR reports share many commonalities, differences in structure and content exist. These differences may make it difficult for financial statement users to compare firms’ social performance according to their CSR reports, especially firms from different industries. Our findings suggest that it might be helpful to promote a universal standard for CSR reporting to ease the cross-industry comparison of corporate social performance.
Toward understanding atmospheric physics impacting the relationship between columnar aerosol optical depth and near-surface PM 2.5 mass concentrations in Nevada and California, U.S.A., during 2013

Abstract Determining the relationship between columnar aerosol optical depth (τext) and surface particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) is desired to estimate surface aerosol concentrations over broad spatial and temporal scales using satellite remote sensing. However, remote sensing studies incur challenges when surface aerosol pollution (i.e. PM2.5) is not correlated with columnar conditions (i.e., τext). PM2.5 data fusion models that rely on satellite data and statistical relationships of τext and PM2.5 may not be able to capture the physical conditions impacting the relationships that cause columnar and surface aerosols to not be correlated in the western U.S. Therefore, an extensive examination of the atmospheric conditions is required to improve surface estimates of PM2.5 that rely on columnar aerosol measurements. This investigation uses datasets from both routine monitoring networks and models of meteorological variables and aerosol physical parameters to understand the atmospheric conditions under which surface aerosol pollution can be explained by column measurements in California and Nevada during 2013. A novel quadrant method, that utilizes statistical analysis, was developed to investigate the relationship between τext and PM2.5. The results from this investigation show that τext and PM2.5 had a positive association (τext and PM2.5 increase together) when local sources of pollution or wildfires dominated aerosol pollution in the presence of a deep and well-mixed planetary boundary layer (PBL). Moreover, τext and PM2.5 had no association (where the variables are not related) when stable conditions, long-range transport, or entrainment of air from above the PBL were observed. It was found that seasonal categorization of the relationship between τext and PM2.5, an approach commonly used in statistical models to estimate surface concentrations with satellite remote sensing, may not be enough to account for the atmospheric conditions that drive the relationships between τext and PM2.5. For all stations, winter showed the maximum average PM2.5 concentrations (14.1 μg m−3, σ = 11.6 μg m−3) meanwhile, τext reached minimum values (0.06 μg m−3, σ = 0.04) during the same season. Conversely, spring presented the minimum average PM2.5 concentrations (9.4 μg m−3, σ = 6.9 μg m−3) and the average values of τext during spring had the second highest values (0.11, σ = 0.06) averaged for all stations.
Early Trauma as a Predictor of Burnout and Social Network Structure in Mission Workers

Research has established that adverse experiences in childhood are far-reaching. Attachment persists into adulthood, impacted by internal structures that make sense of relational experience. Dunbar...
Data Management: A Practical Guide for Librarians: Henderson, Margaret E. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, 195 pp, $45.85, ISBN: 978-1-4422-6438-0

In an age in which an organization's data are among its most valuable assets, curating, organizing, and storing data for easy availability, retrieval, and processing are key tasks for any informati...
Resilience in the AESA During the Last Decades of the Twentieth Century

I belonged to several professional organizations during my career. The AESA was the one in which I engaged most deeply with people from other disciplines than my own. Through those discussions, my ...
An Integrative Review of Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism in Japan

AbstractParents of children with autism experience elevated stress that may be influenced by specific characteristics of the child and parent, including cultural norms and beliefs about parenting. However, there is little research on families of children with autism from cultural perspectives. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify factors influencing parenting stress in mothers of children with autism in Japan. A final sample of 15 primary research articles (2000–2015) on parenting stress in mothers of Japanese children with autism was selected using several databases. The findings suggested that these mothers experience much greater parenting stress than mothers of typically developing children and children with other disabilities. Japanese mothers also demonstrate stress related to attachment difficulties, low parenting efficacy and lack of support, reflecting Japanese parenting styles and gender ideology. Parent-directed and culturally calibrated interventions are needed to support pare...
Working with Families

The legal definition of family is particularly important in situations involving adoption, custody, and decision making with respect to children. This chapter provides an overview of the legal evolution of the concept of family. The roles of the social worker as witness, advocate, or evaluator in the context of divorce, adoption, and custody proceedings are examined.
Early Comparative Outcomes of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plate in the Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures.

Objective:To evaluate the early clinical results of distal femur fractures treated with carbon fiber–reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) plates compared with stainless steel (SS) lateral locking plates.Design:Retrospective comparative cohort study.Setting:ACS Level I trauma center.Patients/Pa
Practical FPT Implementations and Applications

When combined with high performance computational architectures, methods born of FPT can be used as a practical basis for launching systematic attacks on large-scale combinatorial problems of significance. Efficient sequential techniques for kernelization and highly parallel algorithms for branching will be discussed. The importance of maintaining a balanced decomposition of the search space turns out to be critical to achieving scalability. Applications abound, perhaps most notably in high-throughput computational biology. A toolchain will be described that transforms immense quantities of mRNA microarray data into instances of the clique problem, which are then solved via vertex cover to derive sets of putatively co-regulated genes. This makes it possible to narrow the search for cis and trans regulatory structures on scales that were previously unthinkable.
COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR SOLVING THE QUADRATIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM

ABSTRACT The quadratic assignment problem belongs to a class of combinatorial optimization problems that have many practical applications in science and engineering but are extremely difficult to solve. In this paper, we present two parallel algorithms for the quadratic assignment problem - an exact algorithm based on a branch-and-bound technique and a local search algorithm based on the Kernighan-Lin algorithm for the graph partitioning problem. These parallel algorithms have been implemented and tested on a shared memory vector multiprocessor system, the IBM ES/3090-600S VF computer. Computational results using many classical test problems, as well as test problems generated with known optimal solutions of dimensions up to 100, are presented. These parallel algorithms, using the vector facility, achieved a balanced speed-up ratio of over 5.0 using 6 processors.
Reliability and validity of a self-report scale for daily assessments of the severity of depressive symptoms.

Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of rapidly effective treatments for depression it is necessary to use measures that are designed to assess symptom severity over short intervals. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we modified our previously published depression scale and examined the reliability and validity of a daily version of the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS-D). One thousand one hundred and fifteen patients presenting for treatment of DSM-IV/DSM-5 major depressive disorder (MDD) to a partial hospital program completed the CUDOS-D as part of their initial paperwork and on a daily basis thereafter. Test-retest reliability was examined in 50 patients who completed the CUDOS-D twice on the same day. A subset of 69 patients were interviewed by a trained diagnostic rater who administered the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) at baseline and on the day of discharge. The CUDOS-D had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha at intake = 0.82; Cronbach's alpha at follow-up = 0.93) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.91 and 0.98 at intake and follow-up, respectively), and was more highly correlated with another measure of depressive than nondepressive symptoms. CUDOS-D scores progressively declined during the course of treatment, and scores on each successive day were significantly lower than the preceding day. The change in CUDOS-D scores was significantly correlated with a change in HAMD scores (r = 0.65, p
Person Re-identification Using Overhead View Fisheye Lens Cameras

Person Re-identification has been a widely explored topic in automated video-based surveillance. Nonetheless, the substantial body of work in this area deals only with upright images of persons captured using rectilinear lenses. However, for surveillance applications, it is often preferable to use fisheye lenses to expand the field of view. Person re-identification using fisheye lenses is an uncharted territory with potential applications in image and video-based surveillance. In this paper, we explore various techniques by which we can use images and videos captured by fisheye lenses for person re-identification using conventional algorithms developed for rectilinear images. We discuss the application of foreground extraction and propose a framework for orientation normalization for use in fisheye images. We also introduce a novel radial co-location search to improve the accuracy of person re-identification using fisheye lenses.
Visual Meta-Programming Language

Abstract : This paper presents a relatively simple visual notation for meta-programming that spans multiple levels of abstraction. Two-dimensional data flow provides readable representations of meta-programs that expose potential parallelism. This work suggests visual notations for data structures, data flows, pattern matching, conditionals, iteration and synchronization. The framework provides encapsulation means for hierarchical rule design, data item associations that enable creation of arbitrary graphs, and default mapping rules to reduce screen real-estate requirements. The representation supports practical reuse of generic data structures for program representation, abstract syntax type definitions for common programming languages, and related default mappings (e.g. parsing and de-parsing, module dependency graphs, class diagrams, etc.).
Of Storage and Stems: Examining the Role of Stem Water Storage in Plant Water Balance.

Stems of land plants provide mechanical support and long-distance transport of water and carbohydrates. Although it has long been recognized that plant stems can also store water, it remains uncertain what role stem water plays in mitigating drought stress and maintaining whole plant function ([
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HOME HEALTH SERVICE USE AND FACILITY ADMISSION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DEMENTIA

This study is a secondary analysis of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and administrative billing records of 6,153 adults ≥ 65 years old who received home health (HH) from a not-for-profit HH agency in upstate New York in CY 2017. We evaluated the association between the use of home health services (HH) with the hazard of unplanned facility admissions among Medicare patients with and without Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Outcome was time from HH start of care to an unplanned facility admission of any type, including the hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation facility. Independent variables included weekly intensity (visits/week, hours/week) of each discipline, including skilled nursing (SN), physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), social work (SW), and home health aide (HA), separately. ADRD was identified by diagnosis (ICD-10 codes) and cognitive impairment (M1700, M1710, M1740 [OASIS]). In multivariable Cox Proportional hazard models that adjusted for time-varying effects of HH intensity, receiving the highest intensity of SN (3.3 visits of 2.78 hours per week) and PT (2.5 visits of 2 hours per week) was related to up to a 54% and 86% decrease, respectively, in the hazard of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD (n=1,525), and decreases of 56% and 90% respectively among patients without ADRD (n=4,628). This is the first study in the United States showing that receiving a sufficient amount and appropriate mix of HH services was associated with substantially reduced risk of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD by up to 86%.
Relationship between retinal vessel tortuosity and oxygenation in sickle cell retinopathy

Reduced retinal vascular oxygen (O2) content causes tissue hypoxia and may lead to development of vision-threatening pathologies. Since increased vessel tortuosity is an early sign for some hypoxia-implicated retinopathies, we investigated a relationship between retinal vascular O2 content and vessel tortuosity indices. Dual wavelength retinal oximetry using a commercially available scanning laser ophthalmoscope was performed in both eyes of 12 healthy (NC) and 12 sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) subjects. Images were analyzed to quantify retinal arterial and venous O2 content and determine vessel tortuosity index (VTI) and vessel inflection index (VII) in circumpapillary regions. Linear mixed model analysis was used to determine the effect of disease on vascular O2 content, VTI and VII, and relate vascular O2 content with VTI and VII. Models accounted for vessel type, fellow eyes, age and mean arterial pressure. Retinal arterial and venous O2 content were lower in SCR (O2A = 11 ± 4 mLO2/dL, O2V = 7 ± 2 mLO2/dL) compared to NC (O2A = 18 ± 3 mLO2/dL, O2V = 13 ± 3 mLO2/dL) subjects (p < 0.001). As expected, O2 content was higher in arteries (15 ± 5 mLO2/dL) than veins (10 ± 4 mLO2/dL) (p < 0.001), but not different between eyes (OD: 12 ± 5 mLO2/dL; OS:13 ± 5 mLO2/dL) (p = 0.3). VTI was not significantly different between SCR (0.18 ± 0.07) and NC (0.15 ± 0.04) subjects, or between arteries (0.18 ± 0.07) and veins (0.16 ± 0.04), or between eyes (OD: 0.18 ± 0.07, OS:0.17 ± 0.05) (p ≥ 0.06). VII was significantly higher in SCR (10 ± 2) compared to NC subjects (8 ± 1) (p = 0.003). VII was also higher in veins (9 ± 2) compared to arteries (8 ± 5) (p = 0.04), but not different between eyes (OD: 9 ± 2; OS: 9 ± 2) (p = 0.2). There was an inverse linear relationship between vascular O2 (13 ± 5 mLO2/dL) content and VII (9 ± 2) (β = −0.5; p = 0.02). The findings augment knowledge of relationship between retinal vascular oxygenation and morphological changes and potentially contribute to identifying biomarkers for assessment of retinal hypoxia due to SCR and other retinopathies.
Modeling soil-bulldozer blade interaction using the discrete element method (DEM)

Abstract Limited studies have been conducted to establish scaling relationships of soil reaction forces and length scales of bulldozer blades using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) technique. With a DEM-based similitude scaling law, performance of industry-scale blades can be predicted at reduced simulation efforts provided a calibrated and validated DEM soil model is developed. DEM material properties were developed to match soil cone penetration testing. The objectives of the study were to develop a DEM soil model for Norfolk sandy loam soil, establish a scaled relationship of soil reaction forces to bulldozer blade length scales (n = 0.24, n = 0.14, n = 0.10, and n = 0.05), and validate the DEM-predicted soil reaction forces on the scaled bulldozer blades to the Norfolk sandy loam soil bin data. Using 3D-scanned and reconstructed DEM soil aggregate shapes, Design of Experiment (DOE) of soil cone penetration testing was used to develop a soil model and a soil-bulldozer blade simulation. A power fit best approximated the relationship between the DEM-predicted soil horizontal forces and the bulldozer blade length scale (n) (R2 = 0.9976). DEM prediction of soil horizontal forces on the bulldozer blades explained the Norfolk sandy loam soil data with a linear regression fit (R2 = 0.9965 and slope = 0.9634).
North American Aerospace Project: Adaptable Design/Build Projects for Aerospace Education

This paper reports on two years' effort by a consortium of US Aerospace Engineering programs to develop portable and adaptable design-build projects for ready use or adaptation at other institutions. The consortium has also developed several assessment tools applicable to any program implementing design-build courses and projects.
Clinical Predictive Models of Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Survey of the Current Science and Analysis of Model Performances

Background More than 500 000 sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs) occur annually in the United States. Clinical predictive models (CPMs) may be helpful tools to differentiate between patients who are like...
Community Pharmacy Engagement in Diabetes Prevention: Key Informant Interviews with Pharmacy Executives.

Introduction Even though evidence-based diabetes prevention interventions exist, more than 1 in 3 Americans have prediabetes; the use of pharmacies has been explored as a way to reach and care for this population. The objective of this study was to analyze factors that influence adoption of type 2 diabetes prevention programs by community pharmacies. Methods We conducted 21 semistructured interviews in 2018 with decision makers from 11 independent pharmacies in 6 US states and the District of Columbia and from 10 chain pharmacies operating in 1 state, multiple states, and nationwide. We identified participants by using purposive sampling. We used qualitative methods to analyze data and conducted interviews until we reached saturation. Results Multiple themes emerged: 1) initiation of services is more likely if initial financial support is received; 2) patient demand for services, actual or perceived, is paramount; 3) diabetes prevention services often fit within the existing operations of a pharmacy and allow maximum use of resources; 4) customer loyalty is a clearly articulated advantage against competition; and 5) engagement in diabetes prevention affirms an expanded role and the value of pharmacies to serve communities. Conclusion Pharmacies are well situated to deliver diabetes prevention programs to communities. Although considerable opportunity exists for pharmacies to address diabetes prevention, more could be done to reduce barriers to their use.