cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract W P311: Demographic and Regional Characteristics Associated With Advanced Primary Stroke Center Designation

Background: Nationwide less than a third of eligible hospitals have achieved advanced certification in stroke, and there may be disparities affecting less affluent areas serving a higher proportion of minorities. We aimed to characterize demographic and regional factors associated with achievement of stroke center certification while controlling for hospital characteristics. Methods: We linked the 2011 American Hospital Association survey of hospital characteristics to the 2010 national census for population and household data by region. Emergency medical services stroke routing data was obtained from communication with state and county contact. Only hospitals with ≥ 25 beds and 24-hour emergency departments were evaluated. The Joint Commission, Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program and DNV Healthcare websites were used to determine certification status of each hospital. We controlled for hospital bed size, teaching affiliation (AMA, ACGME), emergency department volume, rural designation, hospital type (governmental/for-profit/nonprofit), and trauma center designation in analysis. Results: Of the 3696 hospitals to complete the survey, the 3069 fulfilling study criteria included 908 PSC (31%) and 2161 non-PSC. In univariate analysis PSC hospitals were located in areas with greater population in immediate vicinity (29, 316 vs. 20,901, p<0.0001), greater proportion of minorities (73% white, 16% black, 15% Hispanic vs. 80%/12%/11%, p<0.0001), greater number of households per zip code (11,540 vs. 8050, p<0.0001) and a higher regional mean income ($52,112 vs. $46,262, p<0.0001) and higher home value ($234,000 vs. $170,000, p<0.0001). More PSC hospitals were located in regions with preferential EMS routing of stroke (52% vs. 40%). While controlling for hospital-based factors, the demographic and regional factors independently associated with hospital PSC designation were number of households per zip code (per 1000 households OR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0-1.2), increasing Hispanic population (every 10% increase OR 1.1, 1.0-1.2), and income per household (per $10,000 OR 1.2, 1.1-1.3). Conclusions: Hospitals achieving PSC designation are located in more affluent and densely populated areas with higher population of Hispanic residents.
Strategic Self-presentation in the Sharing Economy: Implications for Host Branding

Peer-to-peer accommodation platform is a unique venue of commercial social exchanges where mixed-mode interactions (i.e., online first, then offline) occur between hosts and guests. With the continuous growth of sharing economy comes the importance to better understand the strategies that hosts use to communicate with and attract their prospective consumers. Using the framework of personal branding and self-presentation, this study explored the different ways hosts of peer-to-peer accommodation articulate their profile online. Using host descriptions from 12,785 Airbnb listings in New York, United States, five clusters of host self-presentation were identified: The Global Citizen, The Local Expert, The Personable, The Established, and The Creative. Honest and positive self-presentation, as well as competence strategies were identified from these clusters. The host profiles were further explored to identify differences in their behaviour, listing characteristics, and guest review ratings.
Towards Clinical Bioinformatics: Redux 2015

In 2004, medical informatics as a scientific community recognized an emerging field of "clinical bioinformatics" that included work bringing bioinformatics data and knowledge into the clinic. In the intervening decade, "translational biomedical informatics" has emerged as the umbrella term for the work that brings together biological entities and clinical entities. The major challenges continue: understanding the clinical significance of basic 'omics' (and other) measurements, and communicating this to increasingly empowered patients/consumers who often have access to this information outside usual medical channels. It has become clear that basic molecular information must be combined with environmental and lifestyle data to fully define, predict, and manage health status..
Markers of platelet activation and oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease

Several new approaches to the study of platelet activation have been developed. Logically, these should be combined with novel indices of coagulant function (60,61) to select rational targets for antithrombotic drugs. They may also be invaluable in dose-finding, which has been a particular weakness in this area of drug development (62,63). While activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade are virtually simultaneous events, markers of the atherosclerosis are also artificially segregated from those of the complicating thrombotic process. Oxidant stress has been implicated in both platelet activation (64) and atherogenesis (65), yet our ability to study this system has been so constrained that we are unsure of appropriate doses of antioxidant vitamins. Novel approaches to this problem promise the ability to study oxidative modification of proteins (46,66,67), lipids (57) and DNA (45,68) in clinical studies.
Leaf Curl and Water Relations of Kousa Dogwoods Showing Resistance to Summer Stress

Abstract Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa Hans.) trees often develop unattractive leaf curling throughout canopies during hot and/or dry weather. Aesthetically superior trees were compared to control trees for their ability to tolerate summer stress, in an established kousa dogwood plantation in 2000 and 2001. An index of leaf curl revealed that superior trees showed less curling than controls during June, July and August of 2000 and 2001. Superior trees often had higher stomatal conductance than trees in both control groups during both years, with seasonal averages 16 to 40% higher in superior than in control trees. Leaf water status, characterized by leaf osmotic potential, remained similar in superior trees and control trees throughout the 2000 summer season. Leaf temperatures were similar between groups during each summer. We confirmed that trees initially selected as having superior visual appearance had measurable differences in foliar characteristics compared to control trees, and that these trees bette...
Hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women.

Case study: In keeping with the 2002 recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) that women 65 years of age and older should be screened for osteoporosis, you have ordered a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry test for a 66-year-old white woman. The results indicate that she is at increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.
434 Prevalence of bullying victimisation among students with disabilities in the United States

Background Bullying refers to repeated aggression in relationships with an imbalance of power. Children with disabilities experience more bullying than children without disabilities, but research with this population is scarce. The objective of this retrospective, mixed-methods study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of bullying victimisation among students with disabilities. Methods Participants were 161 college students with disabilities, who were registered at the university’s Disability Resource Centre. The sample was mostly female (78%), White (62%), and full-time students (90%). The mean age of participants was 22.4 years. Participants completed an electronic survey, which queried respondents about frequency of physical, verbal, relational, and cyber bullying victimisation during middle and high school. The survey also included open-ended questions about examples of bullying and a selected sample was interviewed (n = 10). Results The majority of participants (69%) experienced bullying victimisation during middle and high school. Relational bullying was the most common type of victimisation reported (63%), followed by verbal (38%), cyber (24%), and physical (18%). Approximately 40% of participants reported they believed the aggression was related to their disability. Most of the aggression took place during middle school (35%) or in both middle and high school (26%). Participants with Pervasive Developmental Disorders experienced the highest level of bullying victimisation, followed by Learning Disabilities, Sensory Disorders, and Psychological Disorders. Unexpectedly, some participants reported bullying from teachers and school staff. Examples of bullying are provided. Conclusions Participants in this study experienced bullying at a rate that is 3 times higher than students from the general population. Suggestions for intervention and further research are discussed.
Towards an Automated Assessment Support for Student Contributions on Multiple Platforms

Varying learning activities beyond existing LMS’s can improve the learning experience [1]. However, managing student interactions and productions across multiple platforms can be very time consuming. This contribution proposes a novel approach to monitor student productions on varied online platforms, such as social networks, Wiki pages, Google Docs. We rely on a combination of techniques: data is collected through web scraping or web APIs, then synthetic information and varied analysis are applied, and finally the results are presented through a web application. We applied our approach to a course where the students contribute on a private social network, Google Docs, and on a MediaWiki. The pilot is built with the R programming language.
Counting electrons one by one

Electrical current is most simply understood as a flow of electrons, but the definition of the unit of current – the ampere – is rather less straightforward. At the moment, one amp is defined as the current that needs to pass through each of two parallel wires, placed 1m apart, in order for them to be attracted by a force of 2 × 10-7 newtons per metre.
Evaluation of population densities of a rubidium laser pumped with a narrow-linewidth Ti:Sapphire laser

In the recent years, alkali vapor lasers have become the most promising candidates for realization of a light source with both good beam quality and high output power because of their excellent performances. A rubidium laser is a typical kind of alkali vapor lasers. In this study, we developed a theoretical mode to evaluate the population densities of three levels as well as mode-matching efficiency of a rubidium laser pumped by a narrow-linewidth Ti:Sapphire laser under two different focal conditions. In the evaluation, at least two values of the output power of a rubidium laser must be known, which are usually obtained from the experiment. We performed a series of experiments by using two pump lenses with two focal lengths of 150 and 200 mm, and acquired two corresponding values of the laser output power. Then, we applied the experimental results in the theoretical calculation and then obtained the population densities of three levels and mode-matching efficiency of the rubidium laser. The study demonstrates that the outputted pump power can be used for evaluation of the population densities of three levels and mode-matching efficiency of an alkali laser under the different experimental conditions. The study might be valuable to better understand the physical features of an alkali vapor laser and to optimize the configuration of a high-powered alkali laser in the future.
Structure of a pentamanganese(II)-phenoxide cluster with a central five-coordinate oxide: MnII5(μ-OPh)6(μ3-OPh)2(μ5-O)(Py)6·Py (Py is pyridine).

Polynuclear metal clusters frequently feature geometric structural features not common in traditional coordination chemistry. These structures are of particular inter­est to bioinorganic chemists studying metallocluster enzymes, which frequently possess remarkably unusual inorganic structures. The structure of the manganese cluster μ5-oxido-di-μ3-phenoxido-hexa-μ-phen­oxido-hexa­kis­(pyridine-κN)hexa­manganese(II) pyridine monosolvate, [Mn5(C6H5O)8O(C5H5N)6]·C5H5N or MnII5(μ-OPh)6(μ3-OPh)2(μ5-O)(Py)6·Py, con­taining an unusual trigonal bipyramidal central oxide, is described. The compound was isolated from a reaction mixture containing bis­(tri­methyl­silyl­amido)­man­ganese(II) and phenol. The central O atom is presumed to have originated as adventitious water. The mol­ecule crystalizes in a primitive monoclinic crystal system and is presented in the centrosymetric P2/n space group. The mol­ecule possesses crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry, with the central O atom centred on the twofold axis and surrounded by a distorted trigonal bipyramidal arrangement of Mn atoms, which are further bridged by phenoxide ligands, and terminally ligated by pyridine. A pyridine solvent mol­ecule resides nearby, also situated on a crystallographic twofold axis. The cluster is compared to three closely related previously reported structures.
Importance of Grades and Placement for Math Attainment

Research on high school math course taking documents the advantages of starting high school at or beyond Algebra 1. Fewer studies examine differentiation into remedial, general, and honors Algebra ...
Check your microbiota when taking the drug

In this edition of Hepatology, Yip's article entitled “The Liver-Gut Microbiota Axis Modulates Hepatotoxicity of Tacrine in the Rat” [1] elegantly uncovers the impact of the intestinal microbiota in the inter-individual variation of tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Severe Brain Edema Associated with Cumulative Effects of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy and Ischemic Hypoxia

Hyponatremia in cats produced brain edema, detectable by both magnetic resonance imaging (Mri) and increased brain water, with a compensatory decrease of brain sodium. Sodium transport was measured in synaptosomes from hyponatremic cat cerebral cortex. The sodium efflux via Na+-K+-ATPase was significantly higher (144%) than control, while sodium influx via the Na+/H+ antiporter was significantly decreased (74%). Both responses tend to decrease brain intracellular sodium and thus, brain cell osmolality. Ischemia following unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion also resulted in brain edema. However, the efflux of sodium via both Na+- K+ATPase and sodium channels actually decreased, both maladaptive responses. Furthermore, when ischemia was superimposed upon hyponatremia, all of the cerebral adaptive changes which had been induced by hyponatremia alone were rendered ineffective. This resulted in further elevations of brain water and sodium. Hyponatremia superimposed upon ischemia thus worsens the brain edema associated with ischemia alone. Thus, ischemia impairs the ability of the brain to adapt to hyponatremia, probably by eliminating the compensatory mechanisms of brain sodium transport initiated by hyponatremia.
“It was totally different than what we had before”: Perceptions of urban militarism under Rio de Janeiro’s Pacifying Policing Units

Scholars argue that military ideologies, discourses, and practices are increasingly deployed in poor urban areas to control populations deemed “dangerous.” However, very little research exists to document how residents in targeted neighborhoods experience these security interventions. This article addresses this gap by considering the case of Rio de Janeiro’s UPP Program, wherein the military police occupied several of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, or low-income marginalized neighborhoods. The intervention began in 2008 and aimed to expel drug traffickers who had controlled these areas since the 1970s and install permanent policing precincts. While many studies suggest that the urban poor tend to reject aggressive policing practices, the UPP received widespread approval by favela residents in the first years of the occupation. This article draws upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the City of God, one of the first neighborhoods occupied by the UPP, to examine the factors underlying residents’ positive assessment of the UPP. I found that support for the UPP hinged on (a) its deviation from the brutal and ineffective military interventions deployed in the past; (b) the UPP’s ability to subdue violent drug traffickers and restore public security; (c) state investments in social services and resources attributed to the occupation; and (d) the race, gender, and age profiles of participants, wherein women, the elderly, and lighter-skinned residents reported greater approval for the UPP than young Black men. Ultimately, these findings suggest that variability between security interventions, their impact on public security and social development, and demographic diversity within targeted neighborhoods must be considered if we are to fully understand how the urban poor experience militarized security interventions.
Other Neuromuscular Disorders with Scoliosis

Neuromuscular scoliosis proves itself to be a challenge due to many facts. Among these are the usually early age of onset, rapid progression, rigidity, and lack of response to brace treatment. Added to that the inherent problems present in an already sick child, surgical interventions become perilous. Meningomyelocele patients provide an additional challenge by their lack of posterior anchor points for instrumentation and difficulty in achieving soft-tissue coverage. Neurofibromatosis type-1 scoliosis often accompanies preexisting neurological deficits, neurofibromas, rib protrusion into the spinal canal, and others. Arthrogryposis syndromes with multiple joint contractures and micrognathia may make intubation and patient positioning a challenge before surgery is even begun. Growth-retaining constructs such as the VEPTR and double growing rods represent the current mainstay of surgical treatment, barring specific contraindications unique to the disorder at hand.
Objectivity and Introjection in Ideas II

“Introjection” is a technical philosophical term coined by Richard Avenarius,1 whom Husserl has credited as a main influence on his own formulation of the theme of the natural attitude of pre-theoretical experience.2 “Introjection” is Avenarius’ term for what he construes as an unwitting, involuntary, vague, and befuddling thought process. He analyzes it into four steps, each of which leads further away from what Avenarius claims is the natural, pre-philosophical conception of the world and of our place in the world. The first step is to inject, in thought, into my fellow human being certain ideas, images or impressions of the world, instead of continuing to view him or her as expressing a relation to our common surrounding world. The second step is to assume that there must be a self, soul, or other substance, material or immaterial, that has those ideas or impressions. In the third and fourth steps, I assume the same things about myself that I have assumed about other human beings, namely, that I too must have certain ideas, images, or impressions of the world, and that I too must be a self or soul or other sort of substance that has those ideas or impressions of the world. As the end result of the complete process of introjection, the world which pre-philosophical experience found as one common environment, containing myself and others as both central members and component parts, is now thought of, first as doubled into the internal and external worlds, and secondly, as fragmented and dispersed into the many ideas of the world possessed by the many selves.
Pressure–enthalpy driven molecular dynamics for thermodynamic property calculation: I. Methodology

Abstract An algorithm is presented which enables the direct simulation of isenthalpic pressure changes and isobaric enthalpy changes using molecular dynamics (MD). The pressure and enthalpy can be controlled using either a constraint or extended system formalism. By controlling the rate with which new state points are approached, reversible or irreversible thermodynamic cycles can be simulated directly. The method can be incorporated easily into a standard MD algorithm, and provides a means for rapidly driving a system to a desired thermodynamic statepoint. In a companion paper [1] , the method is applied to compute thermodynamic derivatives, simulate a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and compute vapor–liquid coexistence curves.
The Rule of Reason in the Post-Actavis World

Though known more as U.S. President and Supreme Court Chief Justice, William Howard Taft played an important role in the development of antitrust law. As Sixth Circuit judge, his ruling in the Addyston Pipe case can be linked to modern antitrust law, including the Supreme Court’s 2013 decision in FTC v. Actavis on drug patent settlements. This essay, which builds on a lecture given to the NY State Bar Association's Antitrust Section, draws lessons from Addyston Pipe for these settlements, explains how courts today apply the Rule of Reason, and explores the analysis of settlements after Actavis.
Abstract WP141: Prediction of Subclinical Language Deficit Using Machine Learning Based on Post-stroke Functional Connectivity Derived From Low Frequency Oscillations

Introduction: Post-stroke neuropsychological evaluation can take a long time to assess impairments in subjects with no overt clinical deficits. We focus on language network based on a five-minute n...
Robust Annotation of Mobile Application Interfaces in Methods for Accessibility Repair and Enhancement

Accessibility issues in mobile apps make those apps difficult or impossible to access for many people. Examples include elements that fail to provide alternative text for a screen reader, navigation orders that are difficult, or custom widgets that leave key functionality inaccessible. Social annotation techniques have demonstrated compelling approaches to such accessibility concerns in the web, but have been difficult to apply in mobile apps because of the challenges of robustly annotating interfaces. This research develops methods for robust annotation of mobile app interface elements. Designed for use in runtime interface modification, our methods are based in screen identifiers, element identifiers, and screen equivalence heuristics. We implement initial developer tools for annotating mobile app accessibility metadata, evaluate our current screen equivalence heuristics in a dataset of 2038 screens collected from 50 mobile apps, present three case studies implementing runtime repair of common accessibility issues, and examine repair of real-world accessibility issues in 26 apps. These contributions overall demonstrate strong opportunities for social annotation in mobile accessibility.
Carbon nanofiller networks- a comparative study of networks formed by branched versus linear carbon nanotubes in thermoplastic polyurethane

Abstract Nanocomposite mechanical properties strongly correlate with filler network strength and quality as affected by filler geometry, size and dispersion quality. However, defining the network quality remains challenging due to the difficulty of assessing nanofiller dispersion, the geometrical complexity of the 3D filler network as well as the unfeasibility of network direct observation. In this study, we compare two nanocomposite systems, one reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and the other with branched carbon nanotubes or carbon nanostructures (CNS). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites were prepared via in-situ polymerization with the nanofillers dispersed in the polyol prior to the polymerization reaction. Microscopic observations and rheological characterization of polyol suspensions were used to assess filler network quality. This study demonstrates that branched CNTs form stronger networks by comparison with the linear CNTs, which translates into better mechanical performance of the corresponding nanocomposites. In addition, the presence of branches enables the rheological percolation threshold at much lower nanofiller content for the CNS systems by comparison with the CNT ones.
Return to Driving After Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Novel Survey to Predict Passing Brake Reaction Time:

Introduction. Brake reaction time (BRT) is an accepted method for establishing recommendations for safe return to driving by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Other than performing a BRT test in clinic, there is no established clinical tool to help physicians differentiate safe from unsafe drivers once patients reach general recovery milestones. The purpose is to present individual recommendations to the patient through a novel, validated survey evaluating safe return to driving after orthopaedic surgery of the right foot and ankle. Methods. A total of 171 patients undergoing 1 of 3 specific foot and ankle procedures were prospectively enrolled. A 4-question survey and BRT were completed 6 weeks postoperatively. The following questions were asked: (1) "I think my brake reaction time is slower than most drivers my age," (2) "I think my brake reaction time is faster than most drivers my age," (3) "I think my brake reaction time is about the same as most drivers my age," (4) "Based on what I think my brake reaction time is, I think I am ready to drive." Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's α and item total correlation. External validity was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient. A BRT less than 0.850 s was considered as a pass. Results. Of 171 patients, 162 (95%) with ages ranging from 21 to 83 years achieved a passing BRT by 7.6 weeks. After removing 1 question because of internal inconsistency, the optimal threshold for predicting passing BRT was 10/15 points or higher, which had 99% probability of success that a patient would pass the BRT (95% CI = 96%, 100%). Conclusion. This novel, 3-question driving readiness survey can accurately predict a passing BRT Achilles rupture repair, total ankle arthroplasty, and hallux valgus correction performed in the right foot and ankle as early as 6 weeks postoperatively.Level of Evidence: Level II: Comparative study.
20 Years of Dollarization in Ecuador: A Synthetic Control Analysis

This paper uses a Synthetic Control Analysis to examine the economic effectiveness of dollarization in Ecuador. We address common concerns surrounding the adoption of dollarization as a policy and provide several solutions to those concerns. We find that dollarization resulted in significant higher levels of income without clear evidence of worsening in social health variables such as infant mortality, poverty, and income distribution.
Personal, Familial, and Service-Related Predictors of Outcome in Intensive Family Preservation Services Treatment

The use of Intensive Family Preservation services (IFPS) has increased dramatically in recent years, with most states having such programs in place to assist families involved in the child welfare ...
Assessing the atmospheric fate of pesticides used to control mosquito populations in Houston, TX.

Abstract During the summer months, urban areas are literal hot spots of mosquito-borne disease transmission and air pollution. Public health authorities release aerosolized pesticides directly into the atmosphere to help control adult mosquito populations and thereby reduce the threat of diseases, such as Zika Virus. The primary adulticides (i.e. pesticides used to control adult mosquito populations) in Houston, TX are permethrin and malathion. These adulticides are typically sprayed at night using ultra-low volume sprayers. Particulate matter (PM) samples including total suspended and fine PM (PM 10 ng m−3, indicating significant nighttime oxidation. Based on the loss of malathion and the increase in malaoxon, the atmospheric half-life of malathion in Houston was estimated at
Counterspace Games for BIWOC STEM Students

Black, Indigenous, and other Women of Color (BIWOC) studying STEM are underrepresented in STEM and subject to its “chilly” climate; it is unsurprising that BIWOC STEM students report weaker senses of belonging and higher rates of attrition. Counterspaces, or spaces for mutual support for BIWOC at the margins of STEM, have long combated dominant STEM culture to support BIWOC to thrive and persist in STEM. Digital game design and playful interactions to counter oppression can be leveraged to create digital games that function as counterspaces for BIWOC STEM students to playfully cultivate their belonging and persistence. Our exploratory game design research aims to co-design counterspaces games with BIWOC STEM students, and here we present our initial focus group designs centered on exploring existing BIWOC counterspace practices, preliminary data and insights, and promising directions for developing game design strategies to support BIWOC belonging and persistence in STEM.
Supporting Shy Preschool Children in Joining Social Play

Executive functions (EF), a set of cognitive processes necessary for goal-oriented behavior, are critical for children's school outcomes and often lacking when children arrive in elementary school. One of the most promising interventions to address this gap is Tools of the Mind (ToM), a Vygotskyan approach to early childhood education with a strong emphasis on sociodramatic play. One challenge in implementing this kind of play is supporting children in joining play with their peers. In this paper we present a content analysis of an eight-week evaluation comparing implementing ToM-style play with and without technology supports. We found that one specific aspect of the technology supports, a voice agent, played a crucial role in integrating shy children into sociodramatic play.
Broadband Sum-Frequency Generation in a Novel Angularly Dispersed Noncollinear Geometry

Broadband frequency conversion of nanosecond spectrally incoherent pulses from 1053 nm to 351 nm is demonstrated in a novel sum-frequency-generation noncollinear angularly dispersed scheme, yielding spectrally incoherent pulses with bandwidth greater than 10 THz.
Further comment on articles pertaining to: Homocysteine as a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with COVID-19"."

Abstract Recent studies have found a correlate between higher homocysteine (Hcy) levels and higher COVID-19 mortality rates. In October 2020, researchers in Italy noted vasculitic damage in seriously ill patients and suspected Hcy played a contributing role. After initially observing a small cohort of only 40 patients, they conducted a study of Hcy levels in 313 patients and definitively identified Hcy as a predictive marker for COVID-19 mortality risk [1] , [2] . In addition, Hcy is associated with many conditions that share comorbidity with SARS-CoV-2, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke [3] , [4] . Hcy is found in higher quantities in men, Hcy levels increase with age, and high Hcy is also associated with poor nutrition/low folate which may correlate to socioeconomic disparities for COVID-19 fatalities within the United States [5] . Decreasing homocysteic acid, a homocysteine metabolite, has been shown to decrease serum Creactive protein in Kawasaki Disease—a disease similar to Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) [6] . High Hcy has also been found in first-episode schizophrenia [7] ; the MTHFR C677T polymorphism that contributes to Hcyimbalances has also been associated with schizophrenia [8] ; and schizophrenia was recently linked to an increased risk of death in COVID-19 [9] . Given these numerous correlates, it is relevant to explore how Hcy may be impacting COVID-19 severity. Three Hcy-related GPCRs have repeatedly surfaced in studies on SARS-CoV-2; namely, AT1R, B2 , and CXCR6. I hypothesize that Hcy interference with these GPCRs may be contributing to COVID-19 severity in two primary ways. Firstly, Hcy can act as an alternate agonist to AT1R at c289s [10] , which could exacerbate the reninangiotensin system (RAS) imbalances induced by SARS-CoV-2 interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A recent paper also hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 may be disrupting GPCR signaling and dysregulating adenylyl cyclase [11] . Because AT1 -B2 receptor heterodimer activity is known to enhance Gi/o and Gq/11 activation, SARS-CoV-2 GPCR signaling disruption may be attributed to potential heterodimeric overexpression in severe COVID-19 as well as to potential heterodimeric hypersensitivity to c289s Hcy agonism. Secondly, Hcy upregulation of CXCL16 [12] in conjunction with SARS-CoV-2 possible binding to CXCL16 and chemotactic disabling [13] could be problematic in those with a chromosome 3 locus that exhibits lower CXCR6 expression [14] .
Jadeite: A Novel Image-Behavior-based Approach for Java Malware Detection using Deep Learning.

Abstract Java malware exploiting language vulnerabilities has become increasingly prevalent in the recent past. Since Java is a platform-independent language, these security threats open up the opportunity of multi-platform exploitation. Although security researchers continuously develop different approaches for protecting against Java malware programs, the presence of complicated Java malware properties, such as code obfuscation, makes these malware programs fly under the radar. These challenges present the need to develop new approaches that are resilient to such properties. This article presents Jadeite, a novel approach for detecting Java bytecode malware programs using static analysis and recent advancements in the image-based, deep-learning classification space. In particular, Jadeite extracts the Interprocedural Control Flow Graph (ICFG) from a given Java bytecode file and then prunes the ICFG and converts it into an adjacency matrix. Finally, Jadeite constructs a grayscale image from this matrix. We leverage an object detection algorithm in a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier to determine maliciousness. Also, Jadeite extracts an additional set of features from the Java malware program to improve the accuracy of malware classification. These features are consolidated with the extracted images and used as inputs to the CNN classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that Jadeite achieves high accuracy (98.4%) compared to other Java malware detection approaches and is capable of detecting both known and previously-unseen real-world malicious Java programs.
Exploring the controlling conditions of importance.

criteria for evaluating research in M. Sidman's "Tactics of Scientific Research", commentary
The “pear-shaped” bladder

A pear’s shape (Fig. 1) is used to describe the contour deformity of the bladder produced by symmetric compression from pelvic pathology [1, 2]. Originally described in the context of trauma and associated pelvic hematoma [1], the appearance was reported on urographic and cystographic images (Fig. 2) [1, 3, 4]. Additional descriptors in the literature conveying a similar impression of the altered contour include the ‘‘tear-drop’’ and ‘‘gourd-shaped’’ bladder [3, 5]. The pear-shaped configuration of the bladder has been associated with a broader differential diagnosis including symmetric extraperitoneal processes such as lymphadenopathy, pelvic lipomatosis, psoas muscle hypertrophy, and enlarged collateral vessels secondary to inferior vena cava obstruction [1–5]. Mass effect from adjacent fluid collections (e.g., blood, lymph, or urine) or iliac aneurysms can also produce this appearance [1, 2], albeit with greater asymmetry. Currently, the radiologist is more likely to encounter this appearance at cross-sectional imaging, where the compressing pathologic process may be more evident [Fig. 3A, B].
The Epley Maneuver for Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Treatment with the Epley maneuver resolves benign paroxysmal positional vertigo better than sham therapy or control. Minor adverse effects are uncommon.
Global stabilization of multibody spacecraft using quaternion-based nonlinear control law

A quaternion-based nonlinear control law is proposed for a class of nonlinear multibody flexible space systems. Assuming collocated actuators and sensors, the control law is shown to provide global asymptotic stability despite modeling errors and parametric uncertainties. The results represent a generalization of the existing results for single-body rigid spacecraft, and are applicable to systems such as flexible multi-payload space platforms and space manipulators.
Stable Periodic Dynamics of Reduced Sensitivity to Perturbations in Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers

Generating a stable oscillating frequency is the main purpose of any oscillator. We investigate operating points of the optically injected semiconductor laser where inherent stable-frequency limit-cycle oscillations can be found. Oscillation fre-quencies at these operational points have favorable phase-noise and jitter characteristics over a wide microwave frequency tuning range. Regions of operating points that reduce the sensitivity of the limit-cycle oscillation frequency to fluctuations in the injection strength, the detuning frequency, or the bias current are mapped for the period-one and period-two dynamics regions. Limit-cycle oscillations that are insensitive to fluctuations in two or more control parameters are also demonstrated, showing the optimal operating points for the optically injected laser system.
Neighborhood Influences on Antisocial Behavior During Childhood and Adolescence

This chapter reviews recent research on neighborhood influences on children’s and adolescents’ antisocial behavior. Building on reviews in this area, we focus on recent developments pertaining to life course criminology. We have five main aims in this chapter. First, we engage General Strain Theory along with stress process perspectives to further theorize neighborhood structural and processual influences both in the short-term and dynamically over time. Second, we examine findings from cross-sectional research on neighborhood structure and process influences on a range of antisocial behaviors in both childhood and adolescence, considering direct and indirect links as well as moderating factors. Third, we use a life course criminology framework to examine antisocial behavior trajectories in the context of neighborhood residence. Studies in this area include results of both semi-parametric mixture models as well as hierarchical linear growth models of antisocial behavior trajectories. Fourth, we examine emerging research on neighborhood dynamics. Fifth, we consider research on the timing of neighborhood influences. We conclude with a summary of major findings and suggestions for future research on neighborhood influences on young people in life course criminology.
Phenylsilane as a safe, versatile alternative to hydrogen for the synthesis of actinide hydrides

The thorium and uranium dihydride dimer complexes [(C5Me5)2An(H)(μ-H)]2 (An = Th, U) have been easily prepared using phenylsilane, which is an efficient and safer alternative to hydrogen gas. The synthetic utility of this new hydriding method has been demonstrated by the preparation of a variety of organometallic complexes, including, for the first time, (C5Me5)2U(SMe)2, (C5Me5)2Th(C4Ph4), (C5Me5)2U(C4Ph4), (C5Me5)2ThS5, and (C5Me5)2U(bipy) using [(C5Me5)2An(H)(μ-H)]2 (An = Th, U) as multi-electron reductants.
Validation of a new SPECT quantification method using computer simulation

The authors present a new automated method for SPECT quantification and display, and its validation using computer simulations. The computer simulations provide validation for calculating myocardial defect severity. The short axial slices of the phantoms were divided into four walls (Anterior, Septal, Inferior and Lateral). Simulated myocardial defects with various degrees of severity were created in each wall from apical to basal slices. Twenty-nine computerized phantoms each with twelve SPECT short axial slices were quantified and analyzed using the Yale-CQ (Yale Circumferential Quantification) software. Two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) quantitative profiles and defect scores from the simulated short axial slices were obtained. The calculated defect score correlated highly with simulated defect severity (R=0.99 both in 2D and 3D). Thus, the quantitative defect score generated with the authors' SPECT quantification algorithm can be used as a reliable index for detecting severity of myocardial perfusion defect.
Effective mass enhancement and the imaginary part of the optical potential in nuclear matter

Abstract We demonstrate that the Correlated Basis Function (CBF) approach allows for an efficient quantitative determination of the optical-model potential in nuclear matter.
A Social Paradigm: An Ethical Perspective

Abstract The argument of this exploration of the Educational Psychology Paradigm and the Social Paradigm is that we, who are interested in and involved with social education, have been engaged in trying to understand and study social education in light of a profoundly alienated science of behavior. That alienated science of human life regards the behavior of human beings as phenomena as one might think of the phenomena of light and sound. To study behavior divorced from meaning, however, is to deny our humanity. The ethics of our craft as social scholars requires that we attend to that tradition of science that seeks to understand human beings as they live in human society.
Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for food allergy

IgE-mediated food allergy is a potentially life-threatening allergic disease with an increase in prevalence in developed countries over the past 15 years. Currently, there are no approved forms of therapy and the standard of care is dietary restriction and ready access to emergency medications, such as self-injectable epinephrine and antihistamines. Allergen-specific modalities of treatment currently being studied include oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Both forms demonstrate the ability to desensitize patients to a variety of specific food allergens and show great promise. However, more research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OIT and SLIT prior to routine use in clinical practice.
Long Tail Tourism: New Geographies For Marketing Niche Tourism Products

ABSTRACT. The Long Tail concept refers to the Internet‐based economy that has enabled company success through a focus on highly specialized services and products that are not in high volume demand, but maybe in high‐value demand. The concept of the post‐tourist, for example, is a Long Tail phenomenon. Long Tail marketing approaches are proving success due to advances in communication technology and social networking that have given more people access to a broader range of goods and services and information. The Long Tail is not without its challenges, including increased global competition, and it has not abandoned geographic considerations. Geography, in fact, can help to differentiate niche products and must still be overcome to consummate the tourist experience. Portions of this article were originally published in: Lew, A. A. (2006). Long tail tourism: Implications of the distributed business model for the tourism and travel industry. In N. Othman (Ed.), Conference Proceedings: The 2nd Tourism Outlook...
The photochemistry of ammonia in the Jovian atmosphere

A reinvestigation of the ammonia photochemistry in the Jovian lower atmosphere above the cloud tops is conducted in connection with certain questions concerning the model proposed by Strobel (1973). Chemical reactions and their rate coefficients are considered along with the model atmosphere, solar fluxes, the continuity equations, and numerical details. Differences between the newmodel and Strobel's model are related to more moderate ammonia depletion relations. The height profiles of H, NH2, N2H3, N2H4, and NH3 concentrations are presented in a graph.
Synthesis of 11-thialinoleic acid and 14-thialinoleic acid, inhibitors of soybean and human lipoxygenases

Lipoxygenases catalyse the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and have been invoked in many diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Currently, no X-ray structures are available with substrate or substrate analogues bound in a productive conformation. Such structures would be very useful for examining interactions between substrate and active site residues. Reported here are the syntheses of linoleic acid analogues containing a sulfur atom at the 11 or 14 positions. The key steps in the syntheses were the incorporation of sulfur using nucleophilic attack of metallated alkynes on electrophilic sulfur compounds and the subsequent stereospecific tantalum-mediated reduction of the alkynylsulfide to the cis-alkenylsulfide. Kinetic assays performed with soybean lipoxygenase-1 showed that both 11-thialinoleic acid and 14-thialinoleic acid were competitive inhibitors with respect to linoleic acid with Ki values of 22 and 35 μM, respectively. On the other hand, 11-thialinoleic acid was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to arachidonic acid with Kis and Kii values of 48 and 36 μM, respectively. 11-Thialinoleic acid was also a noncompetitive inhibitor of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 with arachidonic acid (Kis = 11.4 μM, Kii = 18.1 μM) or linoleic acid as substrate (Kis = 20.1 μM, Kii = 20.0 μM), and a competitive inhibitor of human 12-lipoxygenase with arachidonic acid as substrate (Ki = 2.5 μM). The presence of inhibitor did not change the regioselectivity of soybean lipoxygenase-1, human 12- or 15-lipoxygenase-1.
Nonhomogeneous, continuous-time Markov chains defined by series of proportional intensity matrices

Abstract Let A 1 , A 2 ,…, be commuting intensity matrices of homogeneous, continuous-time Markov chains. The irreducibility and ergodicity of nohomogeneous, continuous-time Markov chains defined by intensity matrices of the form Q ( t ) = ∑ h n ( t ) A n , h n ( t ) ⩾0, are studied in terms of corresponding discrete-time chains. By defining transition matrices of homogenous, discrete-time chains as P n = I + ( 1 a n )A n it is found that if one P n is irreducible and the cor does not vanish then Q ( t ) is irreducible. Similarly, if one of the P n 's (or the average of a finite number of the P n 's) is ergodic and the corresponding h n ( t ) is large enough (∫ ∞ s h n ( t ) du =∞) then the nonhomogeneous, continuous-time chain is ergodic. For an intensity matrix A and a nonnegative function h ( t ) with h ( t )‖ A ‖ t , it is shown that Q ( t ) = ∑ ∞ n =1 ( h ( t )) n A n is an intensity matrix. Moreover, if P = I + ( 1 a )A is ergodic and if ∫ ∞ s h ( u ) du = ∞, then Q ergodic.
Interhemispheric insular and inferior frontal connectivity are associated with substance abuse in a psychiatric population

Abstract Substance abuse is highly comorbid with major psychiatric disorders. While the neural underpinnings of drug abuse have been studied extensively, most existing studies compare drug users without comorbidities and healthy, non-user controls. Such studies do not generalize well to typical patients with substance abuse disorders. Therefore, we studied a population of psychiatric inpatients (n = 151) with a range of mental illnesses. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed via structured interviews. Sixty-five percent of patients met criteria for at least one substance use disorder. Patients were recruited for resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiments to examine the interhemispheric connectivity between brain regions hypothesized to be involved in drug addiction, namely: the inferior, medial, and superior frontal gyri; insula; striatum; and anterior cingulate cortex. The World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHOA) questionnaire was used to further assess drug use. An association between use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, sedatives, and hallucinogens with increased insular interhemispheric connectivity was observed. In addition, increased inferior frontal gyrus interhemispheric connectivity was associated with amphetamine and inhalant use. Our results suggest that increased inter-hemispheric insula connectivity is associated with the use of several drugs of abuse. Importantly, psychiatric inpatients without a history of drug dependence were used as an ecologically valid control group rather than the more typical comparison between “mentally ill vs. healthy control” populations. We suggest that dysfunction of interhemispheric connectivity of the insula and to a lesser extent of the inferior frontal gyrus, are related to drug abuse in psychiatric populations.